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Tl::s revised edition contains ALL THE WORDS IN THE QUARTO EDITION, and also an arrangement of 
SYNONYMS under the leading words — a new and important feature, and not found in any other work. 



AN AMERICAN 

DICTIONARY 

OF THB 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE;' 

EXHIBITING 

THE ORIGIN, ORTHOGRAPHY, PRONUNCIATION, AND 
DEFINITIONS OF WORDS. 

BY NOAH WEBSTER, LL.D. 

ABRIDGED FROM THE dUARTO EDITION OF THE AUTHOR 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED A 

SYNOPSIS OF WORDS 

DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTfe ; 

AND 

WALK EK'S KEY 

TO THE 

CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK, LATIN, AND 
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 

BY CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, 

PROFESSOR IN Y4LE COLLEGE. 
WITH THE ADDITION OF A VOCABULARY OF 

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES, WITH THEIR PRONUNCIATION. 



NEW YORK: 

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 

329 & 331 PEARL STREET, 

(FRANKLIN SQUARE.) 

1852. 






" £1 



DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss. 

Be it remembered, That on the tenth day of July, in the fifty-fourth year of the Independence of the United States oi 
America, Noah Webster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of si book 
the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit : 

"An American Dictionary of the English Language ; exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definition* 
of Words : by Noah Webster, LL.D. : abridged frpm the Quarto Edition of the Author : to which are added, a Synopsis 
of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists ; and Walker's Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, 
Latin, and Scripture Proper Names." 

In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by secu 
ring the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein men- 
tioned ;" and also to the act, entitled, " An Act supplementary to an act, entitled, ' An Act for the encouragement of learning 
by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times thereiD 
mentioned;' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints.'' 

CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, 
Clerk of the District of Connecticut 



DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, to wit: 

District Clerk's Office. 
Be it remembered, That on the thirteenth day of July, A.D. 1829, in the fifty-fourth year of the Independence of the 
United States of America, Noah Webster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the said district, have deposited in this office 
the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit : 

"An American Dictionary of the English Language; exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definitions 
of Words : by Noah Webster, LL.D. : abridged from the Quarto Edition of the Author: to which are added, a Synopsis 
of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists ; and Walker's Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek 
Latin, and Scripture Proper Names." 

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by 
securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein 
mentioned ;" and also to an act, entitled, " An Act supplementary to an act, entitled, ' An Act for the encourage;nent of 
learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during" the times 
therein mentioned ;' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other 
prints." 

JNO. W. DAVIS, 
Clerk of the District of Massachusetts 



Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and lorty-eeven, by 

CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, 

in the Olerfr's Office of the District Court of the District of Connecticut, 



PREFACE 

TO THE REVISED EDITION. 



In laying before the public a revised edition of this work, the fruit of nearly three years of 
care and attention, the editor will be expected to give some brief account of the principles on 
which he has conducted the revision, and the results of his labors as exhibited in the present 
volume. 

The plan of this abridgment, as made under the author's direction in 1829, by Joseph E. 
Worcester, Esq., of Cambridge, Mass., is thus stated in the original preface : "The leading 
and most important etymologies, as given in the quarto edition, are here retained. The defi- 
nitions remain unaltered, except by an occasional compression in their statement. All the sig- 
nifications of words as exhibited in the larger work are here retained, but the illustrations and 
authorities are generally omitted. In doubtful or contested cases, however, they are carefully 
retained." In accordance with this plan, Dr. Webster directed the additions and alterations 
of the larger work, in the edition of 1840, to be inserted in this abridgment. This was done at 
the time, as far as possible, by means of an appendix ; and is now more perfectly accomplish- 
ed by carrying all the improvements then made, into their proper places in the body of the 
work. The subsequent improvements of the larger work, down to the period of the author's 
death, have also been introduced, in substance, into this edition, under the heads to which they 
belong. The present revision has been extended equally to both the works, and the results 
have been embodied in each, on the principles stated above, in their due proportion. By these 
successive revisions a very great amount of valuable matter has been added to this abridgment. 
It is now made, in all important respects, consistent with the larger work, and is designed to 
present, on a reduced scale, a clear, accurate, and full exhibition of the American Dictionary 
in all its parts. 

One new feature is now added to this volume, by making it a Synonymous Dictionary 
Every one engaged in literary composition has felt, at times, the want of such a work ; a work 
not intended, like Crabb's, to discriminate nicely between the shades of meaning in similar 
terms, but to present, under each of the important words, an extended list of others having the 
same general import, out of which a selection may be made according to the exigencies of the 
case. Carpenter's Comprehensive Dictionary of English Synonyms was designed to supply 
this want, but is far too meager. The only extensive work of this kind is Perry's Synony 
mous Dictionary, which is now entirely out of print, and is, likewise, too exclusively synony- 
mous, and too much behind the progress of our language, to answer the purposes of a defining 
dictionary. An attempt is here made to combine the advantages of Carpenter and Perry with 
that fullness and accuracy of definition which are essential, at the present day, in a complete 
dictionary of the English language. Under each of the important words, all others having the 
same general signification are arranged together, except in cases where they have been previ- 
ously exhausted in framing the definitions. This arrangement, it is hoped, will be found of fre- 
quent use even to those who are practiced in composition ; while it will afford important aid to 
young writers in attaining grace, variety, and copiousness of diction. 

The chief value of a dictionary consists in its definitions, — in giving a clear, full, and accurate 
exhibition of all the various shades of meaning which belong, by established usage, to the words 
of a language. It is in this respect especially, that Dr. Webster's Dictionary has been gener- 
ally considered superior to every other, both of this country and of England. To this point, 
therefore, the labors of the editor have been mainly directed. No efforts have been spared to 
obtain the most recent and valuable works, not only in lexicography, but in the various depart- 
ments of science and the arts embraced in the American Dictionary. As these subjects 
are in a state of continual progress, every important word, in its various applications, has been 
diligently examined and compared with the statements made on each topic by the latest and 
most approved authorities. Smart's English Dictionary, in the edition of 1846, has been care- 
fully collated with this work, and also the unfinished one in a course of publication by Gilbert, 
so far as the numbers have appeared. Reference has, likewise, constantly been made to Rich- 
ardson's Dictionary, although this had been previously examined by Dr. Webster, and also to 
the Analytical Dictionary of Booth. Each of the articles in Brande's Encyclopedia of Science, 
Literature and Art, has been collated with the corresponding portions of this dictionary, as 
the starting point, when necessary, of investigation in larger treatises. The Penny Cy elope 
dia has been consulted at every step, especially in matters of science ; and the Encyclopedia 
Americana (based on the German Conversations- Lexikon) has been relied upon, particularly on 



.v PREFACE TO THE .REVISED EDITION. 

subjects of continental literature, philosophy, history, arts, &c. In order to secure greater ac 
curacy, numerous special dictionaries, or vocabularies confined to some single department, have 
also been collated with this work, and the ablest treatises on important branches of science and 
art, have been diligently examined. In architecture, the chief reliance has been placed on the 
Oxford Glossary of Architecture (1845), and the Encyclopedia of Architecture (1842), by 
Gwilt, author of the articles on this subject in Brande's Encyclopedia. In agriculture, Johnson's 
Farmer's Encyclopedia (1844), and Gardner's Farmer's Dictionary (1846), have been chiefly 
used. In general antiquities, the large treatise of Fosbroke has been frequently consulted, 
while in classical antiquities the principal reliance has been placed on the recent dictionary of 
Smith (1846), as a work of the highest authority. In respect to the antiquities of the Church, 
the elaborate work of Coleman (1841) has been often referred to; and Hook's Church Dic- 
tionary (1844) has been collated throughout, with reference to the rites, ceremonies, vest- 
ments, &c, of the Church of England, and also of the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches. 
In botany, use has principally been made of the writings of Lindley and Loudon. In natural 
history, Partington's British Cyclopedia of Natural History (1835-7) and Jardine's Natural- 
ist's Library (1834-43) have been much consulted, in connection with the articles on this sub- 
ject in the Penny Cyclopedia and similar works. In geology, mineralogy, and some associated 
branches of natural history, Humble's Dictionary of terms in these departments (1840), has 
been compared with this work throughout. In respect to mercantile subjects, banking, coins, 
weights, measures, &c, M'Culloch's Commercial Dictionary (1845) has been collated at every 
step, as the standard work on these subjects. In manufactures and the arts, Dr. Ure's Dictionary 
of Manufactures, Arts, and Mines, with its Supplement (1845), has been relied upon as of the 
highest authority. In engineering and mechanical philosophy, Hebert's E ngineer's and Mechan 
ic's Cyclopedia (1842) has been carefully collated, and constant reference has been made to the 
more popular and recent dictionaries of Francis, Grier, and Buchanan, in the editions of 1846- 
In seamanship, the Dictionary of Marine Terms, in Lieut. Totten's Naval Text-book (1841). 
has been taken as a guide. In military affairs, the dictionary of Campbell (1844) has been fol- 
lowed, in connection with the more extended articles contained in Brande and the Penny Cy- 
clopedia, on the kindred topics. In the fine arts, much use has been made of the dictionary ol 
Elmes. In domestic economy, the Encyclopedia of Webster and Parkes on this subject (1844). 
has furnished important statements on a great variety of topics, presented for the first time it 
a scientific form ; and to this has been added Cooley's Cyclopedia of Practical Receipts (1846). 
as exhibiting much collateral information in respect to the arts, manufactures, and trades. 
Such, in general, are the authorities which have been relied on in this revision. 

But it is obviously impossible for any one mind to embrace, with accuracy, all the various 
departments of knowledge which are now brought within the compass of a dictionary. Hence 
arise most of the errors and inconsistencies which abound in works of this kind. To avoid 
these as far as possible, especially in matters of science, the editor first made an arrangement 
with Dr. James G. Percival, who rendered very important assistance to Dr. Webster in the 
edition of 1828, to take the entire charge of revising the scientific articles embraced in this 
work. This revision, however, owing to causes beyond the control of either party, was ex- 
tended to but little more than two letters of the alphabet ; and the editor then obtained the as- 
sistance of his associates in office, and of other gentlemen in various professional employments. 
To these he would now return his acknowledgments for the aid they have afforded. The ar- 
ticles on law have been collated with Blackstone and Bouvier's Law Dictionary, by the Hon. 
Elizur Goodrich, formerly Professor of Law in Yale College, and the errors discovered, 
which were few in number, have been carefully corrected. The departments of ecclesiastical 
history and ancient philosophy have been thoroughly revised by the Rev. James Murdock, 
D.D., late Professor in the Andover Theological Seminary, who has furnished, in many in- 
stances, new and valuable definitions. The terms in chemistry have been submitted to Prof. 
Silliman, of Yale College, and whatever changes were requisite in the explanations, have been 
made under his direction. In the departments of anatomy, physiology, medicine, botany and 
some other branches of natural history, Dr. Webster received assistance, in the revision of 
1840, from Dr. William Tully, late Professor in the Medical Institution of Yale College. 
Still further aid has been received from the same source in the present revision, and much of the 
accuracy of the work in these branches, will be found owing to the valuable assistance he has 
thus afforded. On topics connected with Oriental literature, aid has frequently been obtained 
from Prof. Gibbs, of Yale College. A part of the articles on astronomy, meteorology, and 
natural philosophy, in the edition of 1828, passed under the revision of Prof. Olmsted, of Yale 
College. This revision has now been extended to all the articles on these subjects throughout 
the work, and new definitions have been furnished in numerous instances. The definitions in 
mathematics, after having been compared with those given in the dictionaries of Hutton or 
Barlow, have been submitted to Prof. Stanley, of Yale College, and the alterations have in all 
sases been made under his direction. In the sciences of geology and mineralogy, a thorough re- 
vision of the whole volume has been made by James D. Dana, Esq., Geologist and Mineralogist 
of the United States Exploring Expedition, and associate editor of the American Journal of Sci- 
ence and Art, to whom the editor is likewise indebted for assistance on various other subjects 



PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. v 

which has greatly enhanced the value of the work. In practical astronomy ani the science of 
entomology, aid has been frequently received from Edward C. Herrick, Esq., Librarian of 
Y"ale College. The articles on painting and the fine arts have, to a great extent, passed under 
the inspection of Nathaniel Jocelyn, Esq., Painter, of New Haven, and new definitions 
have, in many cases, been furnished. 

A correspondence has likewise been carried on with literary friends in England, and espe- 
cially with one of the contributors to the Penny Cyclopedia, with a view to obtain information 
on certain points, in respect to which nothing definite could be learned from any books within 
the reach of the editor. Extended lists of words have been transmitted for examination, and 
returned with ample notes and explanations. Much obscurity has thus been removed in re- 
gard to the use of terms which have a peculiar sense in England, especially some of frequent 
occurrence at the universities, in the circles of trade, and in the familiar intercourse of life. 
To the friends who have given their assistance in these various departments, the editor would 
return his cordial thanks. Whatever improvement the work may have gained from this revis- 
ion in respect to clearness, accuracy, and fullness of definition, is to be ascribed, in a great 
degree, to the aid which they have thus afforded. 

With regard to the insertion of new words the editor has felt much hesitation and embar- 
rassment. Some thousands have been added in the course of this revision, and the number 
might have been swelled to many thousands more without the slightest difficulty. There is 
at the present day, especially in England, a boldness of innovation on this subject, which 
amounts to absolute licentiousness. A hasty introduction into our dictionaries of new terms 
under such circumstances, is greatly to be deprecated. Our vocabulary is already encumbered 
with a multitude of words which have never formed a permanent part of English literature, 
and it is a serious evil to add to their number. Nothing, on the contrary, is so much needed as 
a thorough expurgation of our dictionaries in this respect, — the rejection of many thousands of 
words which may properly find a place in the glossaries of antiquarians, as a curious exhibition 
of what has been proposed, but never adopted, as a part of our language, but which, for that 
reason, can have no claim to stand in a dictionary designed for genera] use All words, indeed, 
which are necessary to an understanding of our great writers, such as Bacon, Spenser, Shaks- 
peare, &c, ought, though now obsolete, to be carefully retained ; and in the present revision 
a considerable number of this class have been introduced for the first time. Other words have 
likewise been admitted to a limited extent, namely, the familiar terms of common life in En- 
gland, which have been much used of late by popular writers in Great Britain. Many of these 
need to be explained for the benefit of readers in this country ; and if marked as ''familiar," 
" colloquial," or " low," according to their true character, they may be safely inserted in our 
dictionaries, and are entitled to a place there, as forming a constituent part of our written and 
spoken language. One of the most difficult questions on this subject, relates to the introduction 
of technical and scientific terms. Most of our general dictionaries are at present witkout any 
plan, as to the extent and proportion in which such words should be inserted ; nor can they 
ever be reduced to order until each department is revised by men of science, who are intimately 
acquainted with the subjects, and who are competent to decide what terms ought to be admit- 
ted into a general dictionary, and what terms should be reserved for special dictionaries devoted 
to distinct branches of science. Something of this kind, on a limited scale, has been attempted 
in the progress of this revision. Lists of words have been obtained from the gentlemen men- 
tioned above, which might properly be inserted in this volume, and veiy few terms of this class 
have been admitted except under their direction. In accordance with their advice, a small 
number have been excluded, but in this respect the editor has not felt at liberty to carry out his 
views in their full extent. 

With regard to Americanisms properly so called, it is known to those who are conversant 
with the subject, that they are less numerous than has generally been supposed. Most oi 
those familiar words, especially of our older states, which have been considered as peculiar to 
our country, were brought by our ancestors from Great Britain, and are still in constant use 
there, as local terms. The recent investigations of Forby, Holloway, and Halliwell have 
thrown much light on this subject, and the names of these authors are, therefore, frequently 
placed under the words in question, to indicate their origin and their present use in England. 
Notes have also been added to a class of words which are peculiar to our country, but their 
number is comparatively small. 

In reference to orthography some important alterations have been made, but in strict conform- 
ity, it is believed, with the author's principles on this subject. The changes in our orthogra 
phy recommended by Dr. Webster, are of two distinct kinds, and rest on very different grounds. 
These it may be proper for a moment to consider. His main principle was, that the tenden- 
cies of our language to greater simplicity and broader analogies, ought to be watched and cher- 
ished with the utmost care. He felt, therefore, that whenever a movement toward wider anal- 
ogies and more general rules, had advanced so far as to leave but few exceptions to impede its 
progress, those exceptions ought to be set aside at Once, and the analogy rendered complete. 
On this ground he rejected the u from such words as favour, labour, &c. Of these we have 
a large number which came to us, in most cases, from Latin terminations in or, through the 



fi PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. 

Norman-French, but encumbered with a silent u, as in emperour, autkour, editour, &c. From 
this entire class, except about twenty words, the u has been gradually dropped ; and in respect 
to these scarcely any two persons can be found, however strenuous for retaining it, who are in 
practice consistent with each other or with themselves, as to the words in which this letter 
is used. In fact, we have reached a point where, unless we take Webster and the dic- 
tionaries which agree with him as our guide, we have no standard on the subject ; for 
Johnson, Walker, and others retain the u in numerous words, into which no one would 
think of introducing it at the present day. Public convenience, therefore, demands that 
we do at once what must ultimately be done. No one can believe that the progress of 
our language will be arrested on this subject. The u will speedily be omitted in all words 
of this class, unless, from the sacredness of its associations, it be retained in Saviour, which 
may stand perhaps for a time as a solitary exception. Nor is it Dr. Webster who is the 
innovator in this case, but the English mind, which has for two centuries been throwing 
off a useless encumbrance, and moving steadily on toward greater simplicity in the structure 
of our language. Such, too, is the case with certain terminations in re pronounced like er, as 
centre, metre, &c. We have numerous words of this class derived from the French, all of 
which originally ended in re, as cider (cidre), chamber (chambre), &c. These have been grad- 
ually conformed to the English spelling and pronunciation, till the number in re is reduced to 
about fifteen or twenty words with their derivatives, and in respect to them, also, the process is 
still going on. Center is, to a considerable extent, the spelling of the best mathematical writ- 
ers. Meter is the word given by Walker in his Rhyming Dictionary, from a sense of the 
gross inconsistency of attaching to this word and its derivative, diameter, a different termina- 
tion. Others are gradually undergoing the same change. Dr. Webster proposes, therefore, 
to complete the analogy at once, and conform the spelling of the few that remain to the general 
principles of our language. Acre, lucre, massacre present the only difficulty, from their liability, 
if changed, to be mispronounced, and may, therefore, be suffered to stand as necessary excep- 
tions. Another departure from the principles of English orthography, which Dr. Webster has 
endeavored to correct, is one that was pointed out by Walker in very emphatic terms nearly 
fifty years ago. The principle in question is this, that in adding to a word the formatives ing, 
ed, er, &c, a single consonant (if one precedes) is doubled when the accent falls on the last 
syllable, an in forgetting, beginning, &c, but is not doubled when the accent falls on any of the 
preceding syllables, as in benefiting, gardening, &c. Walker, in his fifth Aphorism, says, 
" Dr. Lowth justly remarks, that an error frequently takes place in the words worshipping, 
counselling, &c, which, having the accent on the first syllable, ought to be written worshiping, 
counseling. An ignorance of this rule has led many to write bigotted for bigoted, and from 
this spelling has frequently arisen a false pronunciation ; but no letter seems to be more fre- 
quently doubled improperly than I. Why we should write libelling, levelling, revelling, and 
yet offering, suffering, reasoning, I am totally at a loss to determine ; and unless I can give a 
better plea than any other letter of the alphabet for being doubled in this situation, I must, in 
the style of Lucian in his trial of the letter T, declare for an expulsion." These were the 
deliberate and latest opinions of Walker. If he had taken the trouble to carry them into his 
vocabulary, instead of relying on a mere remark of this kind for the correction of the error, — if 
he had simply stated under about forty verbs how the participles should be spelled (for he did 
not give participles in his dictionary), and had altered a few other words, as worshipper into 
worshiper, traveller into traveler, &c., the error would probably, by this time, have been wholly 
eradicated from our orthography ; and Dr. Webster would have escaped much ignorant vitu- 
peration for following in the footsteps of Walker and Lowth. Walker also says, in his Apho- 
risms, "Why should we not write dullness, fullness, skillful, willful, as well as stiffness and 
gruffness?" The principles of our language plainly require us to do so, and Dr. Webster felt 
that the change might easily be made. The words which need to be reduced to this analogy 
are only about eight in number, including installment and inthralhnent, which, if spelled with 
a single I, are liable to be mispronounced, instalment, &c. Again, the words expense, license, 
recompense, which formerly had a c in the last syllable, have now taken an s, because the lat- 
ter consonant is the only one used in the derivatives, as expensive, &c. A similar change is 
needed in only three words more to complete the analogy, namely, defense, offense, and pre- 
tense, and these Dr. Webster has changed. It is sometimes asked, " Why not change fence 
also ?" For the simple reason that its derivatives are spelled with a c, as fenced, fenc- 
ing, and the word, therefore, stands regularly with others of its own class. Finally, Dr 
Webster proposes to drop the u in mould and moult, because it has been dropped from 
gold and all other words of the same ending. Such are the changes under this head, as 
introduced by Dr. Webster into his dictionary. In the present edition, the words are 
spelled in both ways for the convenience of the public, except in cases where this seemed 
to be unnecessary or was found to be inconvenient. These changes, considering the diffi- 
culty that always belongs to such a subject, have met with far more favor from the public 
than was reasonably to be expected., ]\fost of them have been extensively adopted in our 
country. They are gaining ground daily, as the reasons by which they are supported are 
more generally understood : and it is confidently believed that, being founded in established 



PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. vu 

analogies, and intended merely to repress irregularities and remove petty exceptions, they 
must ultimately prevail. 

The other class of changes mentioned above rests on a different basis, that of etymology. 
These will be estimated very differently, according to the acquaintance of different persons 
with the languages from which the words are derived. When Dr. Webster substituted 
hridegoom for bridegroom, f ether for feather, &c, the German critics highly applauded the 
change. They predicted its speedy and universal reception, because similar improvements 
on a much broader scale, had been easily made in their language. But Dr. Webster found the 
case to be widely different among us. After an experiment of twelve years, he restored the 
old orthography to a considerable number of such words. In the present edition it is restored 
to nearly all that remain, from the full conviction that, however desirable these changes may 
be in themselves considered, as they do not relate to the general analogies of the language, and 
can not be duly appreciated by the body of the people, they will never be generally received.* 

On the subject of pronunciation much labor has been bestowed in the progress of this re 
vision. A careful comparison has been made with the latest authorities, and wherever changes 
seemed desirable, and could be made in consistency with the author's principles, they have 
been here introduced. The key to pronunciation has been somewhat enlarged, and the point- 
ed letters have been used to a still greater extent. Many thousand words have been re-spelled, 
and no efforts have been spared to render the work, in all respects, a complete pronouncing dic- 
tionary. In the progress of these labors, the editor has been frequently struck with the wis- 
dom of Dr. Webster in not attempting too much, as to marking the pronunciation. Most 01 
the later orthoepists, as Knowles, Smart, &c, have made their system of notation so extensive 
and complicated, and have aimed to exhibit so many nice shades of distinction, as in many 
cases to perplex rather than aid the inquirer. 

The " Synopsis of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists," which was pre- 
pared by Mr. Worcester for the edition of 1829, has been completely remodeled. Three of 
the authorities there used have been rejected, namely, Fulton and Knight, whose work was 
never one of much consideration, being a mere school dictionary in Scotland, and Sheridan 
and Jones, whose dictionaries are wholly out of use. For these, three others have been sub- 
stituted, viz., Knowles, who founded his work on that of Sheridan ; Smart, who may justly 
be considered the best exponent of Walker's principles, as modified by the most correct usage 
of the present day in England ; and to these has been added Mr. Worcester, whose long-con- 
tinued labors on this subject entitle his decisions to high consideration. 

" Walkers Key to the Pronunciation of Classical and Scripture Names," which was con 
nected with this dictionary as an appendix, in the edition of 1829, has now been enlarged and 
improved. More than three thousand words have been added from a revised edition of the 
work by the Rev. W. Trollope, M.A., late of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and the " Clas- 
sical Pronunciation of Proper Names," by Thomas S. Carr, of King's College School, Lon- 
don. A careful revision of the work has also been made throughout, in reference to the divi- 
sion of the words into syllables, &c, in which the editor has derived great assistance from 
Prof. Thacher, of Yale College. More than three hundred errors of various kinds have been 
discovered and corrected. 

The publishers of this work have been desirous to add to the volume a Vocabulary of Mod 
ern Geographical Words, with their proper pronunciation. They have, accordingly, had one 
prepared by an associate editor of Baldwin's Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, an account 
of which will be found in the preface which accompanies the Vocabulary 

In conclusion, the editor would acknowledge his obligations to the gentlemen who have aided 
him, for more than two years, in these labors, Mr. Samuel W. Barnum, M.A., of Yale Col- 
lege, and William G. Webster, Esq., of New Haven. The intimate acquaintance of the latter 
with his father's views, has made his counsel and co-operation of great value in the progress ot 
this revision. 

The editor would also make his acknowledgments to Mr. Peter B. Mead, of New York, 
who has superintended the mechanical execution of the work, for many valuable suggestions 
which he has made during the progress of the printing, and for the watchful care and assidu 
ity with which he has performed the difficult task of securing the accuracy of this volume 

Yak College, August, 1847. 

* For a more fall and detailed statement of Dr. Webster's orthography as exhibited in this volume see 
page xxiii. 



CONTENTS 



Pag. 

Synopsis of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists xi 

Orthography of Dr. Webster as exhibited in this Volume . . xxiii 

Directions and Explanations . . . . . . . . xxiv 



AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE . ] 

ADDENDA. 

WALKER'S KEY TO THE CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK, LATIN, AND 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES [revised and enlarged] 1 

Editor's Preface 3 

Author's Preface ..... .... 3 

Advertisement to the Second Edition . . 4 

Introduction ............. 5 

Rules for Pronouncing Greek and Latin Proper Names . . . . 9 

Initial Vocabulary of Greek and Latin Proper Names . . . .13 

Terminational Vocabulary of Greek and Latin Proper Names . . 49 

Rules for Pronouncing Scripture Proper Names ..... 67 

Initial Vocabulary of Scripture Proper Names ..... 69 

Terminational Vocabulary of Scripture Proper Names .... 8] 

A VOCABULARY GIVING THE PRONUNCIATION OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL 

NAMES 85 

Prefatory Remarks 87 

Elements of the Pronunciation of the principal Continental European 

Languages 91 

Explanations and Observations .92 

Geographical Vocabulary 93 



SYNOPSIS OF WORDS 

DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTDOEPISTS. 

%* The marks of pronunciation are the same as in the dictionary, except that a point under vowels indicates that the} 
have a light or obscure sound. 



Webster. 



Walker. 



AB'DI-€a-TIVE, 
AB-DI€'A-TiVE, 
AB-DO'MEN, 
ABDOMEN, 

AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, 

AB-SQL'*J-TO-RY, 

AB'STRA€T. a.. 

A€-CEPTA-BLE, 

A€-CESS', 

A€'CESS, 

AD-JCVANT, 

AD-VER'TlSE-MENT.i 

a'E-RIE (a'ry or e'ry), e're, 

A-GAIN' (a-gen*), a-gen', 

A-GA1NST (a-gensf), a-gensf, 

AG-GRAND1ZE-MENT. >, 

AG'GRAND-lZE-MENT. J 

aID'-D*£-€AMP 

(aid'de-kong), 
AL'€OVE, 
AL-€oVE', 
AL'KA-LI (-11 or -li), 
AL'MOND (a'mond) 
AL'MoST, 



ab'de-ka-tiv, 
ab-do'men, 

ab-sol'u-tur-re, 

ab-strakf, 
ak'sep-ta-bl, 

ak-ses', 

ad'ju-vant, 



Sde'-de-kawna 



\* 



kove', 

al'ka-le, 
a'mund, 
all'most, 



AL'PINE (-pm or -pin), al'pin, 

ALTERN-1TE, v., al-ter'nate, 

AM'BUS€.IDE, am-bus-kade', 

a-MEN', a'men', 

AN-A-MORPH'O-SIS. ) , 
AN-A-MORPH-o'SIS. i 



Perry. 

ab-dik'a-tav, 

ab-do'men, 
ab'dp-men, 

ab'so-lu-to-re, 

ab'strakt, 

ak-sep'ta-bl, 

ak-ses', 



-gam, 
-gainsf, 



al-kove', 

al'ka-le, 
al'mund, 
all-mosf, 
al'pin, 

al-ter'nate, 



Jameson. 
ab'de-ka-tiv, 
• ab-do'men, 

ab-sol'u-tur-re, 

ab'strakt, 
ak-sep'ta-bl, 

ak'ses, ak-ses', 

ad'ju-vant, 

e're, 

a-gane', 
a-gansf, 



Knowles. 

C ab-dik'ka-tiv, 
} ab'de-ka-tiv, 

ab-do'men, 

ab-sol'u-tu-re, 

ab'strakt, 
ak-sep'ta-bl, 

ak'ses, 

ad'ju-vant, 

e're, a're, 

a-gen', 

a-gensf, 



ade'-de-kawng', ad'-e-kong, 
al-kove', al-kove', 



aTka-11, 
a'mund, 
all'most, 
al'pine, 

al-ter-nate , 



aTka-H, 
a'mund, 
all-mosf, 
al'pine, 

al-ter'nate. 



am-bus-kade', am-bus-kade', amltus-kade, 



AN-TI-Fe'BRiLE, 
AN-TI-FEB'RiLE, 
ANTI-NO-MY. 
ANTI-PoDES, 
AN-TIP'O-DRS, 
AN-TIP-TO'SIS, 
A'PRON (a'purn), 
AQ'UI-LINE (,-lin or 

-lin), 
A.R€H-I-PEL'A-GO, 
AR'I-E-TaTE, 
AR'ITH-MAN-CY, 
A-RITH'MAN-CY, 
A-RO'MA-TlZE, 



/ an-te-feb'ril, 
an-tin'o-me, 

> an-tip'o-dez, 

an-tip-to'sis, 
a'purn, 

> ak'we-lm, 

ar-ke-pel'a-gc 
a-ri'e-tate, 

/a-rith'man-sc 

ar'o-ma-tize, 



AT-TRa'KENT, aftra-hent, 

A-VANT GUARD, a-vanfgard, 

A-VOW-EE', av-ow-e', 

AZ'URE (azh'ur or > ., , . 
a'zhur), Jazhure, 



BA€K-SLlBE' 
BAL'€0-NY, 
BAL-€G'NY, 
BAL'LET, 



bak-slide', 
bal-ko'ne, 
ballet, 



BA-NX'NA, ba-na'na, 

BANIAN (ban'yan,, ban-yan', 
BKARD (beerd), beerd, 

BELLES-LETTRES?. 
• (bel-let'ter). 5 

BELLOWS (bellus), bellus, 
BER'LIN, ber-lin', 

BESTIAL (besfyal), bes'ehe-ai 



an-te-feTiril, 

an'te-no-me, 

an-tip'o-dez, 

an-tip'to-sis, 
a'purn, 

ak'we-lin, 
ar'e-e-tate, 

a-rom'a-tize. 

at'tra-hent, 

a-vant'gard, 

az'ur, 

bak'slide, 

bal-ko'ne, 

ballet, 

ba-na'na, 

ban'ne-an, 
beerdj 



bellus, 
berlbn, 
bes'te-al, 



an-te-feb'ril, 

an-tin'o-me, 

an-tip'o-dez, 

an-tip-to'sis, 
a'prun, 

ak'we-line, 



a-rith'man-se, 

a-ro'ma-tize, 

aftra-hent, 

a-vaung'gard, 

av-ow-e', 

a'zhure, 



bak-slide', 
bal-ko'ne, 
balTio-ne, 
ballet, 

ba-na'na, 

ban-yan', 
beerd. 



bel'oze, 
ber-lin', 
bes'te-al, 



an-te-fe'brjl, 

an-te'no-me, 

an-tip'o-dez, 

an-tip-to'sjs, 
a'prun, 
' ak'we-lin, 
ak'we-line, 
ar-ke-pel'a-go, 
ar'ye-tate, 

a-rith'man-se, 

ar'o-ma-tizc, 

aftra-hent, 

a-vong'gard. 

a-voVe, 

a'zhur, a'zhur, 

bak'slide, 
> balTio-ne, 
bal-la', ballet, 



ban-yan', 
beerd, 



bellus, 
beflin, 
besfyal, 



Smart. 
• ab'de-ka-tiv, 
ab-do'men, 

ab-sol'u-tur-e, 

ab'strakt, 
ak-sep'ta-bl, 

ak-ses', 

ad'ju-vant, 

e're, 
a-gen', 



ad-e-kong', 

al-kove', 

al'ka-le. 
a'mund, 
all'most, 
al'pin, 

al-ter'nate, 

am-bus-kade', 
a'men', 



an-te-feb'ril, 

an'ti-nom-e, 

an-tip'o-dez, 

an-tip-to'sis, 
a'prun, a'pvirn, 

[ ak'we-lin, 
ar-ke-pel'a-go, 
a're-e-tate, 
ar'jth-man-se, 
a-ro'ma-tize, 
aftra-hent, 
a-vong'gard, 
a-vow-e', 
a'zhoor, 

bak-slide', 

balTiQ-ne, 

balla, 

ba-na'na, 

ban-yan', 
beerd, 



bellus, 
berlin, 
besfyal, 



Worcester. 
ab'de-ka-tiv. 
ab-do'men. 

ab-sol'u-to-re. 

ab'strakt. 
ak-sep'ta-bl. 

ak-ses', ak'ses 

ad'ju-vant. 

e're, a'e-re. 

a-gen'. 

a-gensf. 

ad'-e-kawng*. 

al-kove'. 

al'ka-le, afka-1 

a'mund. 

all'most. 

al'pin, al'pine. 

al-ter'nate. 

al'ter-nate. 

am-bus-kade' 

a'men'. 



an-te-febrp 1 . 

; an-tin'o-me. 

an'te-np-me. 

an-tip'p-dez. 

an-tip-to'sjs. 

a'purn. 
' ak'we-lin, 
I ak'we-line. 

ar-ke-pel'a-go 

afe-e-tate. 

a-rith'man-se, 

ar'p-ma-tize.' 

a-ro'ma-tize. 

afti-a-hent. 

a-vanf gard. 

a-vang'gard 

av-ow-e'. 

a'zhur. 

azh'ur. 

bak-slide'. 
baTko-ne. 
bal-ko'ne. 
bal-la', b'arle-t 
ba-na'na. 
ba-na'na. 
ban-yan . 
beerd 



bellus. 
ber-lin'. 
besfyal. 



Walker. 

1 ad-veftiz-meat, 
ad-ver-tize'ment, 



Perry. 

-ver'tjz-ment, 



a ag-gran-diz-ment^ ^gr^n-dize-ment, 
55 • • ( ag-gran'dvz-ment, 

■ an-a-mor-fo'sifi, an-a-moffo-sis, 

- bel-la'tur. bel-lef tr. 



ad-ver'tiz-ment, 

j ag-gran'diz-ment, 

an-a-mor'fo-sis, 
bel-letr', 



Knowles. 

ad-ver'tiz-ment, ) ^ 
ad-ver-tize'ment, j • 



Smart. 
ver'tjz-ment, 



ad-ver'tiz-ment. 
ad-ver-tize'ment 



ag'gran-dize'ment, ag-gran-dize-ment, 5 ag'gran-dize-ment. 
^ b • °° • ■ I ag-gran'diz-ment. 

an-a-mor-f6's;s, an-a-mor'fo-sis, 

bellatr, bel-let'ter, 



C an-a-mor-fo'sjs. 
I an-a-morl-j-feis. 
bel-leftr- 



SYNOPSIS. 



Webster. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jameson, . 


Knowles. 


Smart. 


Worcester 


BE-STREW, 


be-stro', 


be-stru', 


be-stroo', 


be-stroo', 


be-stroo', 


C be-stroo'. 
\ be-str6'. 

bote'swann 

bo'sn. 


boatswain (fa 

miliar, bo'sn), 


? bote'swane, 
J bo'sn, 


? bo'sn. 


C bote'swane, 
I bo'sn, 


> bo'sn, 


C bote'swane, 
\ bo'sn, 


B6M'BAST, 


C bum'bast, n., 
\ bum-bast', a., 


> bum-bast', 


bum-basf, 


bom'basf, 


bum-basf, 


( bum-basf. 
\ bum'bast. 


BoURN, 


borne, 


boorn, 


borne, 


boorn, 


borne, 


borne, boorn. 


BoWL (bole), 


bole, 


boul, 


boul, 


bole, 


bole, 


bole, boul. 


BRa'VO, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, bra'vo, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, bra'vo. 


BRAZIL', 


bra-zeel', 


bra-zll', 


bra-zeel', 


bra-zeel', 


bra-zeel', 


bra-zeel'. 


BRONZE, 
BRoNZE, 
BRoOCH, 


> bronze, 
broch, 


bronz, 


bronze, 


bronze, bronz, 


bronz, 


bronz, bronze. 


brooch, 


broch, 


brooch, 


broch, 


br6c 1. 


BUOY (bwoy), 


booe, 


boy, 


boy, 


bwoy, 


bwoy, 


boy, jwoy. 


BO'REAU, 


bu-ro', 


bu-ro', 


bu-ro', 


bu-ro', 


bu-ro', 


bu-ri', bu'ro 


OAB'A-RET, 


kab'a-ret, 




kab'a-ra, 


kab'a-ret, 


kab'a-ra, 


C kab'a-ra. 
1 kab'a-ret. 
ka-k6k'se. 


€A-€HEX'Y, 


kak'ek-se, 


ka-kek'se, 


kak-kek'se, 


ka-keks'e, 


ka-kek'se, 


GlIS'SON, 




kas-soon', 


ka'es-son, 


ka'soon, 


ka'spn, ka-soon', ka-soon'. 


GAL-CINE', 

CAL'ClNE. 

GA-MEL'O-PXRD, 

GAM'EL-O-PaRD, 


I kal-sine', 

> ka-meTp-pard, 


kal-sine', 


kal-sine', 


kal-sine', 


kal-sine', 


kal-sine'. 


ka-meTp-pard, 


ka-meTp-pard, 


kam'e-lp-pard, 


kam'el-p-pard 


< ka-mel'p-pai-CL 
' l kam'el-p-pard. 


GAN-Ta'TA, 


kan-ta'ta. 


kan-ta'ta, 


kan-ta'ta, 


kan-ta'ta, 


kan-ta'ta, 


< kan-tk'ta. 
1 kan-ta'ta. 


€AP'IL-LA-RY, 
€A-PIL'LA-RY, 


> kap'pil-la-re. 


ka-pilla-re, 


kap'pil-la-re, 


kap'il-la-re, 


kap'pil-la-re, 


( kap'pil-la-re. 
( ka-pil'la-re. 


€AR'A-VAN, 


kar-a-van'. 


kar-a-van', 


kar-a-van', 


kar'a-van, 


kar-a-van', 


kar-a-van'. 


GaR-TEL', 
CXR'TEL, 
GaSE'MENT, 


> kar-teT, 
kaz'ment, 


kar'tel, 


kar-teT, 


kar-tel', kar-tel 


, kar-tel', 


kar-teT. 


kase'ment, 


kaz'ment, 


kaz'ment, 


kaz'ment, 


kaz'ment. 


CASS'A-DA, 


kas'sa-da, 




kas'sa-da, 


kas-sa'da, 


kas'sa-da, 


J kas-sa'da. 
1 kas'sa-da. 

kach'up, kaf suj 
C ses'e-te. 
( se'se-te. 

sel'e-ba-se. 


GATCH'UP, 

CATSUP, 

CE'CI-TY, 


> kach'up, 
ses'e-te, 


kat'sup, 
ses'e-te, 


kech'up, 
se'se-te, 


kach'up, 
se's;t-e, 


kach'up, 
se'se-te, 


CE-LTB'A-CY, 
CEL'I-BA-CY, 
CEN'A-TO-RY, 


> sel'e-ba-se, 
sen'a-tur-e, 


sel'e-ba-se, 


sel'e-ba-se, 


sel'e-ba-se, 


sel'e-ba-se, 


sen'a-tp-re, 


sen'a-tur-e, 


sen'a-tur-e, 


se'na-tur-e, 


sen'a-to-re 


cHA-GRiN', 


sha-green', 


sha-green', 


sha-green', 


sha-green', 


sha-green', 


sha-green'. 


€HAL-CED'0-NY, 
€HAL'CE-DO-NY, 


I kal'se-do-ne, 





kal'se-do-ne, 


kal'se-do-ne, 


kal-sed'p-ne, 


( kal'se-do-ne. 
1 kal-sed'p-ne 


CHAL'DRON, 


cha'drun, 


chal'drun, 


chawl'drun. 


chawl'drun, 


chawl'drun, 


( chal'drun. 

\ chal'drun. 

chal'is. 


CHAL'lCE, 


chal'is, 


kal'js, 


chal'is, 


chal'is, 


chal'is, 


CHAM'OIS (sham'e ) ha . moi , 
or sha-moi ), S 


sham'e, 


sha-moi', 


sham'oi, 


sham'wa, 


C sham'e. 
1 sha-moi'. 


cHAM-PaIGN', 


sham-pane', 


sham-pane', 


sham'pane, 


sham'pane, 


sham-pane', 


sham-pane'. 


CHAP'E-RoN, 


shap-er-oon', 


shap'e-rone, 


shap'er-oon, 


shap'er-ong, 


shap'er-ong, 


shap'er-one. 


CHART, 


kart, chart, 


chiirt, 


kart, chart, 


chart, kart, 


chart," 


chart. 


CHEER'FUL, 


C cheer'ful, 
I cher'fui, 
cha'na, chi'na, 


> cheer'ful, 
chi'na, 


cheer'ful, 


C cheer'ful, 
\ cher'fui, 


> cheer'ful, 


cheer'ful. 


CHI'NA, 


chi'na, 


chi'na, 


chi'na, 


chi'na. 


GHl'RO-MAN-CY, 


kir'p-man-se, 


ki-rom'an-se, 


ki'rp-man-se, 


ki'rp-man-se, 


ki'rp-man-se, 


< ki'rp-man-se 
} klr'p-man-se 


CHIV'AL-RY, 


chiv'al-re, 


shiv'al-re, 


shiv'al-re, 


shiv'al-re, 


shiv'al-re, 


C shiv'al-re. 

} chiv'al-re. 

kwire. 


CHOIR (kwire), 


kwire, 


koir, kwire, 


kwire, 


koir, kwire, 


kwire, 


CHOP'IN, 


chp-peen', 


chop'in, 


chp-peen', 


sho'pang, 




C chop'jn. 
{ chp-peen' 
kor'js-ter. 


GHOR'IS-TER, 


kwir'is-ter, 


C kor'is-ter, 
I kwir'is-ter, 


> kor'is-ter, 


( kor'is-ter, 
\ kwlrls-ter, 


> kor'js-ter, 


GLAR'I-ON, 


klare'yun, 


klar'e-un, 


klar'e-un, 


klar'yun, 


klar'e-un, 


klar'e-un. 


€LI-MAG'TER-IG, 


klim-ak-ter'rik 


kli-mak-ter'rik, klim-ak-ter'ril 


- M-mak-ter'rik, k 


€LoTHES (klofhz ? W6ze 
or kloze), > 


klofhz, 


klofhz, kloze, 




klofhz, 


klofhz, kloze. 


CLYSTER, 


klis'ter, 


klis'ter. 


klis'ter, 


glis'ter, 


klis'ter, 


klis'ter. 


€0-AD'JU-TANT, 


kp-ad'ju-tant, 


kp-ad-ju'tant, 


kp-ad'ju-tant, 


kp-ad-jii'tant, 


ko-ad'ju-tant, 


kp-ad'ju tant. 


Go'BALT (koTDolt), 


kob'alt, 


kob'alt, 


ko'balt, 


ko'balt, 


ko'balt, 


ko'balt, kdb'alt 


GOCH'I-NeAL, 


kuch'in-el, 


kuch'e-nel, 


kotch'in-el, 


kuch'in-el, 


koch-in-el' 


koch'i-nel. 


GOCK'SWAIN (fa-> k6k , s 
miliar kok sn). > 


kok'sn, 


C kok'swan, 
\ kok'sn, 


> kok'sn, 


C kok'swan, 
I kok'sn, 


kok'swan. 
kok'sn. 


GOG'NI-ZANCE ) ko y ne . zanS( 
(kogne-zaiis or J- kB ^ e ; 2 ^. 


> kon'e-zans, 


kon'e-zans, 


kon'e-zans, 


kon'e-zans, 


( kog'ne-zan8. 
\ koa'e-zans. 


kon e-zans), 
GOM'BAT, 


kumhat, 


kom'bat, 


kom'bat, 


kom'bat, 


kum/bat, 


C kum'bat. 
1 kom'bat. 
■)l, kpm-mend'a-bt 


GOM-MEND'A-BLE, \ v^'™|^n'hi'^ kom * mgn ' ci? '" b1, kom - m en'da-bl, kpm-men'da-bl, kpm-meVia-1 


COM'MENT, v., 


kom'ment, 


kpm-menf, 


kom'ment. 


kpm-menf, 


kSm'ment, 


kom'ment. 


GOM'MIS-SURE, 


kpm-mish'ure 


kpm-mis'shure, kpm-mis'ure, 


kpm-mish'iire 


kpm-mish'uii- 


kpm-mish'yrir 


GOM-PA'TRI-OT, 
GOM-PAT'RI-OT, 


£ kpm-pa'tre-ut, 


kpm-pa'tre-ut, 


kpm-pa'tre-ut, 


kum-pafre-iit, 


kpm-pa'tre-ut 


kpm-pa'tre-ut. 


GOM-PEN'SXTE, 
GOM'PEN-SaTE, 


> kpm-pen'sate, 


kpm-pen'sate, 


kpm-pen'sate, 


< k5m'pen-sate, 
I kum-pen'sate, 


> kpm-pen'sate 


kpm-p€n'sattt. 


GOM'PLOT, n., 


kom'plot, 


kpm-plof, 


kpm-plof, 


kum'plot, 


kom'plot, 


kom'plot. 


GOM'RADE, 


kum'rade, 


kum'rade, 


kom'rade, 


kum'rade, 


kom'rade. 


( kom'rade. 
} kum'rade. 


CON-FESSOR, 


kon'fes-sur, 


kpn-fes'sur, 


kon'fes-sur, 


C kun-fes'sur, 
I kon'fes-siir, 


> kon'fes-sur, 


C kon'fes-sur. 
> kun-fes'sur. 


GON'FI-DANT, 


kon-fe-danf, 


kon'fe-dant, 


kon-fe-danf, 


kon-fe-danf, 


kon-fe-danf, 


kon-fe-danf. 


GON-FIS'GaTE, v 

GON'FIS-GaTE, 

eON-FRONT. 


• S kpn-fis'kate, 
kon-fronf. 


kpn-fis'kate, 
kun-frunf, 


kpn-fis'kate, 
kun-fronf, 


( kun-fis'kiite, 

\ konfis-kate, 

kpn-fronf. 


> kpn-fis'kate, 
kpn-frunf, 


kpn-fis'kat«. 
i kpn-frunf. t 
) kpn-fronf. 



SYNOPSIS. 



Webster. 

GON'GE, n. (leave), 

eON-NOlS-SEOR' 

(-sur or -saur), 

eON-SIST'O-R^, 



Walker. 

kon-jee', 
> ko-nis-sare', 



kon'sis-tur-e, 

kpn-stellate, 
kon'ste-tu-tiv, 
C kon'strii, i 

I kon'stur, ; 

c kon'sult, 
I kpn-sulf, 

^kpn-sum'mate, 

€ON-TEM'PLaTE, ? t/m Mwwat,, 
€ON'TEM-PLaTe! Jkon-template, 
€ON'TEM-PLI-TOR, kpn-tem'pla-tur, 



€ON'STEL-LITE, 
€ON'STI-T0-TlVE, 

eON'STRCE, 

CON-SULr, n. 
€ON-SUM'MaTE,b., 



CONTENTS, n., 
€ON-TENTS', 
€ON'TRiTE. 
€ON-VeN'IENT, 

€ON'VER-SANT, 

€ON'VERSE-LY, 

€5'NY, 

€6N'Y, 

€ORD'I-AL, 

€OR'OL-LA-RY, 
e5R.SE, 

€oRSE, 
€oU'RI-ER, 

€6URT'E-OUS, 

€RO€'0-DILE, 

€RUP'PER, 
€u'€UM-BER, 

€Ui-RASS' (kwe-ras'), kwe-ras', 

GUiSH (kwis), kwis, 

€ burT RD ^"j^V* 
OYN'O-SURE (sin'-) r '„ v,-,.„ 

o-shure or sy'no- ( Bm <? - shure ' 

shure), 



> kpn-tents', 
5 kon'tents, 
• kon'trite, 

kpn-ve'ne-ent, 
C kon'ver-sant, 
I kpn-ver'sant, 

kpn-versele, 

> kun'ne, 
kor'je-al, 
kor'p-lar-e, 

> korse, 
koo'reer, 
kur'che-us, 

krok'p-dll, 

krup'per, 
kow'kum-ber, 



' si'np-slmre, 



Perry. 

kon'je, < 

kon-nis-sur', 

kon'sjs-to-re, 

kon-stellate, 
kon'ste-tu-tiv, 

> kon'strii, 

kon'sult, 
kpn-sulf, 

kpn-sum'mate, 

kpn-tem'plate, 
kpn-tem'pla-tur, 

> kpn-tents', 

kpn-trite', 
kpn-ve'ne-ent, 

> kpn-ver'sant, 
kun-versele, 
kun'ne, 

kor'de-al, 



Jameson. 

konje, 

kpng-zha', 

ko-na-sare', 

kon'sis-tur-e, 

kon-stellate, 
kon'ste tu-tiv, 

kon'strii, 

> kon'sult, 

kpn-sum'mate, 

kpn-tem'plate, 

kpn-tein'pla-tur 

kpn-tents', 

kon'trite, 
kpn-ve'ne-ent, 

kon'ver-sant, 

kpn-versele, 

kun'ne, 

kor'de-al. 



kor'pl-la-re, kor'p-lar-e, 

korse, korse, 

koo're-a, koo-reer', 

kur'che-us, kor'te-us, 



daunt, 

deaf, 

de-cep'to-ry, 

DE-€o'ROUS, 
DE€'0-ROUS, 

DE-€RE'TAL, 



dant, 

def, 

des'ep-tur-e, 

> de-ko'rus, 

C de-kre'tal, 
I dek're-tal, 



DE-FILE', »., 
DE-MON'STRaTE, J 
DEM'ON-STRITE, I 
DEM'ON-STRa-TOR. 

DEN'I-GRITE, 5 

DER'NI-ER (der'ne- \ 
er or dern-yar'), j 
DE-S1€'€aTE, } 

BES'I€-GaTE, < 

DE-STGN', } 

DE-SIGN', < 

DES'UL-TO-RY, 
Dl'A-MOND (di'a- ? 
mond or di'mond), j 
DIM'IS-SO-RY, 

Di'O-Ce-SAN, 
DISCOUNT, *., ? 

DISCOUNT', 
DIS-€REP'ANCE, 
DI3-€REP'ANT, 



de-file', 
de-mon'strate, 

den'e-gt&js, 

de-ni'grate, 

• dern-yaxe', 



DIS'PU-TA-BLE, 

DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, 

DIS'SYL-LA-BLE, 

DI-VERT'lSE, 

Do'CI-BLE, 

DOC'I-BLE, 

Do'ClLE, 

DQC'ILE, 

DRa'MA, 

DRa'MA, 

DU-RESS', 



£ de-sik'kate, 

[ de-sine', 
des'ul-tur-e, 

> di'a-mimd, 
dim'js-sar-e, 
di-os'se-san, 

* dis-kounf, 

dis'kre-pans, 

dis'kre-pant, 

dis'pu-ta-bl, 

d]s-pu'ta-bl, 

> dis'sil-la-bl, 
de-ver'tiz, 

j d5s'e-bl, 

> dSs'sfl. 

[ dra'ma, 
i dram'ma, 
du'res, 



krok'p-dil, 

krup'per, 
kow'kum-ber, 

kwe'ras, 

kwish, 

kupljord, 

si'np-sure, 
sin'p-sure, 



dawnt, dant, 

def, 

de-sep'tp-re, 

dek'p-rus, 

> de-kre'tal, 

de-file', 
de-mon'strate, 

> den'e-grate, 

der'ne-er, 

de-sik'kate, 

de-sine', 

des'ul-tp-re, 

di'a-mund, 

di-os'e-zan, 

d;s-kounf, 

disTire-pans, 
disTcre-pant, 

[ djs-pu'ta-bl, 

dis-silla-bl, 
de-ver'tiz, 
do'se-bl, 

do'sil, 

> dra'ma, 
du'res, 



krok'p-dile, 

krup'per, 
ku'kum-ber, 

kwe-ras', 

kwis, 

kub'burd, 

I si'np-shure, 5 

dant, 

def, 

des'ep-tur-e, 

de-ko'rus, 

C de-kre'tal, 
I dek're-tal, 

de-file', 

de-mon'strate, 



den'e-grace, 



r?e-sik'kate, 

de-zine', 

des'ul-tur-e, 

di'a-mund, 

dim'is-sur-e, 

di-6s'e-san, 

dis-kount', 

disTtre-pans, 
dis'kre-pant, 
dis'pu-ta-bl, 
dis-pu'ta-bl, 

dis-silla-bl, 

de-ver'tiz, 

dos'e-bl, 

dosll, 

dra'ma, 
du'res, 



Know 7 es. 

> kpng-zha', 
kon-njs-sar', 

kpn-sist'ur-e, 

kpn-stellate, 
kons-te-tu'tiv, 

kons'troo, 
kSn'sult, 

kon'sum-mate, 

kon'tem-plate, 
kpn-tem'plate, ; 
kun-tem'plat-er, 

kpn-tents', 

kon'trite, 
kun-ven'yent, 

kun-vers'ant, 

kun-versele, 

kun'ne, < 

kawrd'yal, 

kor'pl-lar-e, 
korse, 
koor'yer, 
kort'yus, 

krok'p-dile. 

krup'per, 
ku'kum-ber, 

ku'ras, 

kush, 

kubTjurb, 

sin'o-shor, ) 

si'no-shor, j 

dawnt, 

def) 

de-sep'tur-< 

dek'p-rus, 

de-ko'rus, 

> de-kre'tal, 

'de-fci', 
de-file', 



Smart. 

kon'je, 
kdn-nas-sur', 

kon'sis-tpr-e, 

kon'stel-late, 
kon'ste-tu-fiv, 

kon'sbfoo, 
kpn-sulf, 



Worcester. 

kon'je. 
C kon-nis-sur'. 
I kon-nis-sur 7 . 
C kon'sis-tp-re. 
I kpn-sis'to-re. 

kpn-stellate. 

kon'ste-tu-tiv. 

kon'sti'oo. 
kon'sult. 



kpn-sum'mate, kpn-sum'mate. 



■ kpn-tem'plate, 

kon'tem-pla-tpr, 

kpn-tents', 5 

kpn-trite', 
kpn-ve'ne-ent, 

kon'ver-sant, 

kpn-verse'le, 
ko'ne (familiar \ 
kun'ne), 5 

kor'de-al, ? 

kor'pl-lar-e, 2 
korse, 
koor'e-er, 
kort'yus, J 

krokTcp-dOe, ^ 

krup'per, 
ku'kum-ber, 

kwe'ras, < 

kwis, 

kublsord, 



kpn-tem'plate. 

kpn-tem'pla-tpr 

kpn-tents' 

kon'tpnts. 

kon'trite. 

kpn-ven'yent. 

kon'ver-sant. 

kon'verse-le. 

kun'ne, ko'ne. 

kord'yal. 
kor'de-al. 
kor'pl-la-re. 
kp-rolla-re. 
kors, korse. 

koo'rer. 

kur'te-us. 

kort'yus. 

krok'p-dile. 

krok'p-dile. 

krup'per. 

ku'kum-ber. 

kwe-ras'. 

kwe'ras. 

kwi3. 

kub'burd. 



sinp-zur, 

dant, 

def, 

de-sep'tur-e, 

> de-ko'rus, 
de-kre'tal, 

> de'file, 



dant. 

def. 

des'ep ; re. 

de-ko'rus. 

dek'p-rus. 

de-kre'tai. 
de-file'. 



de-mon'strate, de-mon'strate, de-mon'strate. 



den'e-grate, den'e-grate, 

dern'vare', der'ne-er, 

de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, 



de-zine', 

des'ul-tur-e, 

di'mnnd, 

di-mis'sp-re, 

di-os'se-san, 

dis-kount*, 

dis-krep'ans, 

dis'kre-pant, 

dis-pii'ta-bl, 

dis'pu-ta-bl, 

dis'sil-la-bl, 
de-ver'tiz, 
dos'si-bl, 

dos'sil, 
dra'ma, 
du'res, 



de-sine', 

des'ul-tur-e, 
' di'a-mund, 
di'mund, 
dim'is-spr-e, 

di-os'e-zan, 

dis-kounf, 

disTvve-pans, 
dis'kre-pant, 

► dis'pu-ta-bL 

dis-silla-bl, 

de-ver'tiz, 

dos'e-bl, 

dos'sil, 

dram'a, 
du'res, 



den'e-grate. 

f dern-yar 7 . 
[ der'ne-er. 

de-sililiate. 

C de-sine'. 
[ de-zine'. 

des'ul-tp-re. 

di'a-mund. 

di'mund. 

dim'is-sp-re. 

di-6s'se-san. 

di-p-ce'san. 

dis-kounf. 

disltre-pans. 
dis'kre-pant. 
dis'pu-ta-bl. 

dis-silla-bl. 
dis'sil-la-bl. 
de-ver'tiz 

dos'e-bl. 



dra'ma. 
dram'a. 
du'res. 



Walker. 



Perry. 



dem-mon-stra'tui >,- _*„-«_ 

de-mon'sta-a-tur," ^em-un-sfra'tur, 



Jameson. Knowles. 

a~ *_-'^ C dem'un-stra-tv, 

dem-mpn-stratur, J d e. m5 n'sti-a-tvr, 



dem'mpn-stra-tvu-, 



Worcester. 

dem'un-stra-tur. 
de-monstra-rtj.r 



xiv 

Webster. 
DY'NAS-TY, 
DYS-PEP'SY, 
E-GLIIR'CISSE-MENT (ek-klar'sis-mang). 



Walker. 

di'nas-te, 
din'as-te, 

dis'pep-se, 



Perry. 
> di'nas-te, 



SYNOPSIS. 

Jameson. 
din'as-te, 
. dis'pep-se. 



E-CLIT (e-kla'), e-klaw', 

K'DICT, e'd;kt, 

E-LE'(iI-AC, I el-e-ii'ak 

EL-E-GI'A€, jeiejiak, 
EM-BRa'SURE (em- } em . braWxre> 

brazhur), ) • 

EM'PIR-IC, n., J em'pe-rik, 

EM-PIR'IG, > em-pir'ik, 

EM-PY-^AN, J«-g£» 

EN-€oRE' (ang-kore'), ong-kore', 
en-feef, 

> 6n-ve-lope', 

? 6n-ve-ronz'> 

> en-vi'runz, 
ef pd, e'fpd, 



EN-FEOFF (-feT), 

EN'VEL-oPE, 7i. 

EN-VEL'OP,' n., 

EN-Vl'RONS, 

EN'VI-RONS, 

EPH'OD, 

EP-I-€u'RE-AN, 

EP-I-€U-REjAN 

EP'OCH, 

ERODE, 

K'Q,UE-RY, 
E-GIUER'RY, 

ERRAND, 
EP/U-DITE, 

ES-SIY'IST. 



-kn-re-'an, 



ep'pk, e'ppk, 



£ep- 



e-kla', 

ed'ikt, e'dikt, 
C e-le'je-ak, 
I el-e-ji'ak, 

em'bra-ziire', 

em'pe-rik, 

em-pir'ik, 

em-pir'e-an, 

em-pe-re'an, 

6n-k6re\ 

en-fef, 

en've-lope, 

> en-vi'runz, 
ef'pd, 

ep-e-ku-re'an, 
e'ppk, 



e-kla', 
e'dikt, 

> el-e-ji'ak, 
em-bra'zhure, 
• em-pir'ik, 

em-pe-re'an, 
em-pir'e-an, 
ong-kore', 
en-feef, 

ong-ve-lope', 

en've-runz, 
en-vi'runz, 
ef'pd, 

ep-e-ku-re'an, 

ep'pk, 



Knowles. 
di'nas-te, 
dis'pep-se, 

e-klaw', 
4'd;kt, 

el-e-je'ak, 

em-bra-zhur', 

em'pe-rik, 
em-pir'ik, 

em-pe-re'an, 

ong-kore', 

en-feef, en-fef, en-fef 

en-vel'up, 



Smart. 
din'as-te, 
djs-pep'se, 

ek-kla', 
e'dikt, 

el-e-ji'ak, 

6m-bra-zure', 

> em-pir'ik, 

em-pe-re'an, 
ong-kore', 



ep'ode, e'pode, ep'ode, e'pode, ep'ode 
> e-kwer'e, ek'wer-re, e'kwer-e, 



ar'rand, 
er-u-dite', 



er'rand, 
efu-dit, 

es'sa-ist, 



er'rand, 
eYu-dite, 

es'sa-ist, 



E-VAN-GEL'I€-AL, 

EX-A-CER'BITE, 

EX'CA-VaTE, 
EX'EM-PLA-RY 

(egz-), 
EXTRO-BRaTE, 
KX-SI€'€aTE, 
KX'SI€-€aTE, 
EY'RY (a're), 

FAB'RIC, 

FA-CADE' (fa-sade'), 
FA€'UND, 
FAL'CHION (fawl'- 

chun), 
FAL'C ON (faw'kn or 

'fal'kn), 
FAL'€ON-ER, 
FAN'FA-RON, 



v a RE-WELL', 



Fe'AL-TY, 
FeAR'FUL, 
Fe'BRiLE. 
FEB'RiLE, 
Fe'CUND, 
FEOFF (lief), 
FEOF-FEE', 
FETID. 
FIERCE (fers, 
FLAUNT, 
Fo' 
for 



es-sa'ist, 

ev-an-jel'e-kal, e-van-jel'e-kal, e-van-jel'e-kal, 

egs-as'er-bate, egs-as'er-bate, egz-a-ser'bate, 

eks-ka'vate, eks-ka'vate, eks-ka'vate, 

> egz'em-plar-e, egz-em'pla-re, egz'em-plar-e, 
eks-pro'brate, dks'prp-brate, 

> ek-sikltate, eks-sikTcate, ek-sik'kate, 
a're, a're, a're, 



ong-ve-ronz, 

en-vi'runz, 

ef'ud, 

ep-e-ku-re'an, 

ep'pk, 

ep'ode, 

ek'wer-e, 

e-kweVe, 

'-kefe, ' 

er'and. 

efu-dite 

es'a-ist, 



C ek'wer-e, ~i 

< e-kwefe, Vek'\> 

( e-kefe, ' ) 



ongv'lop, 

• en've-ronz, 

ef'pd, 

ep-e-ku-re'an, 

ep'ok, 
gp'ode, 



er'rand, 
efu-dite, 

es'sa-ist, 



t»*van-jel'e-kal, ev-an-jel'e-kal. 
eks-a-ser'bate, egz-as'er-bate, 



eks-ka'vate, 
eks-empler-e, 
eks'prp-brate, 
eks-sik'ate, 
a're, e're, 



fab'rik, fa^rik, fab'rik, 

fa-sa.de', 

fak'und, 

fall'chun, 



fab'rik, faTnik, fab'rik, 



fa-sad', 



S faw'kn, 

faw'kn-ur, 
fan-fa-rone', 
C fare'wel, 



fa-kund', 
fal'che-un, 

fal'kn, 

faYkn-ur, 

fan'fa.-run, 

fare-wg,V. 



fal'shun, 

faw'kn, 

faw'kn-er, 
fan'fa-ron, 



''.1 1 

i fare-weT, I . ,„ fare'wel, I, fare-wel', 

Jfar'wel, f adv '' far-wel', f u - \ fare'wel, 

far-wel', J far-wel, J [ fare-wel', 

{ fare-wel', n., fare-wel', a., 

fe'al-te, fe'al-te, 

fer'f ul, feff ul, fer'ful, 

| feb'ril, fe-bril, 

fek'und, fe-kund', . 

fef, ' fef, feef, 

fef'fee, fef-fee', fef-fee', 

fet'id, fe'tid, fet'jd, 

fers, fers, fers, fers, 

flant, flawnt, flant, 



adv., ' 



fa-sade', 
fa-kund' 

fal'shun, 

fal'kun, 

fallcun-ur, 
fan'fa-rong, 



fare'wel', 



fe«?.'te, 
feffiJ, 

fe'brfl, 



ekslia-vate, < 

egz'em-plar-e, 

eks'prp-brate, 

eks-sikT^ate, 

e're, 

fa/brik, 
fa-sad', 
fak'und, 

fal'chun, < 

faw'kn, 

faw'kn-er, 
fan'fa-rpn, 

r fare-wel', v., 
! fare'wel, n., 
I adv., or a., 

fe'al-te, 
fer'f ui, 



;LI-0 (fole-o or-l m 
ol'yo), > 



FoRE'Fa-THER, 

FoRE-FIN"GER, 

FORTNIGHT, 

FRANK-IN'CENSE, 

FRANK'IN-CENSE, 

FRATRI-CIDE. 

FR6NT, 

FRONT-IeR' (-eerO, 
Fu'SI-BLE, 

FtJ'SIL, 

GaIN-SaY', 

GaIN'SaY, 

GAL'AX-Y, 

GEL'A-BLE, 

6IER-EA-GLE (jef-), jer'e-gl, 



fore-fa'fhur, 
fore'fing-gur, 
fort'nite, 

frankln-sens, 

frat're-side, 

frunt, front, 

frSn'cher, 

fronfyer, 

fii'se-bl, 

fu-zee', 



gane-sa , 

gallak-3 
jel'a-bl, 



fo'le-6, 

iore'fa-flier, ' 
fore'fing-ger, 
fort'nit, 

frank'iu-sens, 

fra'tre-side, 
frunt,' 

[ fron'ter, 

fu'ze-bl, 
fu'zii, 



gane'sa, 

ga-lak'se, 
jVla-bL ' 



fole-6, 

fore'fa-flier. 
ijpre'fing-gfr, 
fort'nite, 

frankln-sens, 

frafre-side, 
frunt,' 

fron'ter, 

fu'ze-bl, 
fu'zii, 

gane-sa', 

gallak-se, 
jel'a-'bl, 



fe'al-te, 
feffui, 

fe/bril, feb'ril, 

fe'kijnd, fek'und, 

feef, fef, fef, ' 

fef-fee', fef-fee'. 

fet'id, fet'id, 

fers, fers, 

flawnt, flant, flant, 

fol'yo, fole-o, 

fore-fa'fhur, fore'fa-flier, 

fore-fing'gur, fore'fing-ger, 
forf nit, fort'nite, forfnite, 

frank'in-sens, frankln-sens, 



frafre-side, 
front, 

fron'ter, 

fu'ze-bl, 
fu-zil', 

gane'sa, 



jel'a-bl, 
ji'er-e-gl, 



frafre-side, 
frunt, 

fron'ter, 

fu'ze-bl, 
fu-zee', 



gane'sa, 

gallak-3 

jel'a-bl, 

jer'e-gl, 



di'nas-te. 
din'as-te. 
dis'pep-se. 
dis-pep'se. 

e-kla'. 
e'dikt. 

el-e-ji'ak. 

em-bra-zhoor*. 

em-bra'zhur. 

em-pir'ik. 

em'pe-rik. 

em-pe-re'an. 

em-pir'e-an. 

ang-kof. 

en-fef. 

ang-ve-lope'. 

en-vel'pp. 

en-vi'rpnz. 

en've-ronz. 

ef pd. 

ep-e-ku-re'an. 

ep'pk, e'pok. 
ep'ode. 

; ek'we-re. 

I e-kwer'e. 

er'rand. 

efu^dite, er'u-dit 
\ es'sa-ist. 
! es-sa'ist. 
] e-van-jel'e-kal. 
» ev-an-jel'e-kal 

egs-as'er-bate. 
" eks'ka-vat. 
I eks-ka'vat. 

egz'em-pla-re. 

eks-pro'brate 
eks-sik'kate. 
afe. 

fab'rik. 

fa-sad'. 

fak'und. 
C fal'shun. 
I fal'chun. 

faw'kn. 

faw'kn-er. 
fan'fa-ron. 

fare-wel', )adn 
fare'wel, 5 or v. 
fare'wel, n. or a 

fe'al-te. 
fer'ful. 

fe'bril, feb'ril 

fek'und. 

fef. 

fef'fee, fSWw' 

fefid 

fers. 

flant. 

fo'le-6, fol'yo 

fore'fa-flier. 
fore'fing-ger. 
forfnite, forfnU 

frank'iB-sens 

frafre-sidt> 
frunt. 

fron'ter 

fu'ze-bl, 

fu'zii, fa-TUP' 

C gane-si'. 
I gane'sa. 

gal'ak-se 

jel'a-bl. 

jefg-gl. 



Walker. Perry. Jameson. 

ek-klare'siz-ment, ek-klare'sis-mon. rk-klare'siz-ment, 



Knmdes. 



ek-lar-sis-mSng 1 , 
Fk-lafsi9-ment. 



Smart. 
? ek-kl>ire'siz-m6ng, < *•;" 



Worcester. 

klar-sis-mjing'. 
klar'siz-mfint 



SYNOPSIS. 



Webster. 

*IR'A-SOLE, 
GLa'CIS, 

glad'i-a-tor, 
gold, 

GOUGE, 
GoURD, 

G6VERN-ANTE, 
GRAN'A-RY, 

GRANTOR, 

GYM-NASTK5, 
G?VES, 

HAL'CY-ON, 

Hale, v., 

HALE, v., 
HALF'-PEN-NY 
(hap- or ha'pen-ne), 

HATCH'EL, 

haunt. 

He'BRA-ISM, 
He'BRA-IST, 

HE-6FRA, 

HEIGHT, 

HEI'NOUS, 

HEM'I-STIGH, 

HER-€u'LE-AN, 
HER'E-SI-aR€H, 
HE-Re'SI-aR€H, 
HER'O-lNE, 

HER'O-ISM, 

.HET'E-RO-€LlTE, 
HIG'GOUGH (hik'- 

up), 
HID'E-OUS, 

Hl'E-RO-PHANT, 

Hl-ER'O-PHANT, 

HO-MOG'E-NY, 

HO-ROL'O-AY, 

HOS'PI-TAL, 

HOSTLER (hos'l&r 

or osier), 
HOUSE'WlFE, 

HOUSE-WiFE-RY, huz'wjf-re, 

HOVER, huv'ur, 

HUM'BLE, um'bl, 

Hu'MOR, yu'mur, 

HUN'DRED, 5 J? 11 '?^ 

) nun dura, 

HUS'WlFE (huz'zif), huz'zif, 



Walker. 

jir'a-sole, 
gla'sjs, gla-sec 
glad-de-a'tur, 
gold, goold, 
gooje, 

gord, goord, 
go-ver-nanf, 
gran'a-re, 

grant-tor', 

jim-nas'tik, 
jivz, 



hal'she-un, 
| hale, hall, 

I ha'pen-ne, 

hak'kl, 

hant 

heb'ra-izm, 

heb'ra-ist, 
C he-ji'ra, 
I hed'je-ra, 

hite, hate, 

ha'nus, 

he-mis'tik, 



> he-re'zhe-ark, 
her'g-in, 

her'o-izm, 

hefer-g-klite, 

> hik'kup, 
Jhik'kQf, 
C hid'e-us, 
I hid'je-us, 

> hi-erVfant, 

hQ-mod'je-ne, 

hg-rol'Q-je, 

os'pe-tal, 

> osier, 
huz'wif, 



Jameson. 

gla's;s, 

glad-de-a'tur, 

gold, 

gooje, 

goord, 

go-ver-nanf, 

gra'na-re, 

granftgr, 

gim-nas'tik, 
jivz, 

hal'she-un, 
hale, 

ha'pen-ne, 

hak'kl, 

hant, 

he'bra-izm, 

he'bra-ist, 
C he-ji'ra, 
I hed'je-ra, 

hite, 

he'nus, 

he-mis'rjk, 
her-ku-le'an, 



her'g-in, 



Perry. 

je'ra-sol, 

gla'sis, 

glad-e-a'tur, 

gold, goold, 

gowje, 

goord, 

guv'ern-ant, 

gra'na-re, 

grant'yr, 

jim-nas'tik, 
jivz, 

hal'she-un, 
hall, 

ha'pen-ne, 

hach'el, 
hant, 

he'bra-izm, 
he'bra-ist, 

> he-ji'ra, 

hite, 
ha'nus, 

hem'is-tik, 

her-kule-an, 

he-re'zhe-ark, 

he'rg-in, 



he'rg-izm, her'o-izm, 

hefe-rg-klit, hefer-o-klite, 

• hid'e-us, hid'e-us. 



H?-MEN-E'AL, 



hi-me-ne'al, 



H?-MEN-e'AN, hi-me-ne'an, 

HYP-0-€HON'DRI-A€.i 
HYS'SOP (hi'zup or >, » , . ., 
his'sup), Jhiz'zup.hi'sip, 

IL-LAQ'UE-aTE, il-la'kwe-ate, 
IM'BE-CILE (mfbe- ? im-bes's'il, 

sil or im-be-seel'), 5 im-be-seel', 
IM-MeTjI-ATE, \ ™" m '«;d?-at, 

( lm-me je-at, 
IM-PORT'ANT, \ important, 

( jm-por tant, 
IM-PRo'PRI-a-TOR. 2 
;M-P0GN' (im-puneO, im-pime', 
IM-PO'IS-SANCE, im-pu'is-sans, 
IN-AM-O-Ra'TO, 



hg-m5d'je-ne, 

hp-rSl'Q-je, 

hos'pe-tai, 

osfler, 

huz'jf, 

huz'if-re, 

hov'er, 
um'bl, 
yum'ur, 

> hun'dred, 

huz'if, 

hi-me-ne'al, 

hi-me-ne'an, 



his'sup, 



h5m'g-je-ne, 

hg-rol'g-je, 

hos'pe-tai, 

6sfler, 

huz'-zif, 

hiiz'zif-re, 

hov'er, 
hum'bl, 
yu'mur, 

hun'dred, 

huz'zif, 

hi-me-ne'al, 

hi-me-ne'an, 

hiz'zup, 



Knowles. 

jeVa-sol, 
gla's|s, gla's;s, 
glad'e-a-tur, 
gold, ' 
gooje, 
goord, 
go-ver-nanf, 
gran'a-re, 

grantur, 

jim-nas'tik, 
givz, 

; hals'yun, 
i hal'shijn, 
hale, 

ha'pen-ne, 

hak'el, 
hawnt, 
he'bra-izm, 
he'bra-ist, 

J he-ji'ra, 

hite, 

he'nus, 

he-mis'tik, 

her-kule-an, 

he-re'se-ark, 
\ her'g-in, 
i he'rg-in, 
' he'rg-izm, 
[ her'g-izm, 
' hefer-g-klite, 

[ hik'kup, 
hid'yus, 

hi'e-ro-fant, 

ho-m5g'en-e, 
ho'rg-16j-e, 
os'pe-tal, ' 

osflur, 

huz'wif, 

hiiz'wif-re, 

hov'ur, 
um'bl, 
yu'mur, 

hun'dred, 

huz'wif, 

hiiz'wif, 

hi-men-e'al, 

hlm-en-e'ad, 

hi-men-e'an, 

him-e-ne'an, 

his'sup, 



il-lak'we-ate, il-la'kwe-ate, il-la'kwe-ate, 

%»$$ }i m - b6s '^ im - b ?- See1 '" 

• im-me'de-at, im-me'de-ate, Im-med'yat, 

• im-por'tant, im-por'tant, im-por'tant, 



Smart. 

jir'a-sol, 

gla-ses', 

glad'e-a-t<?r, 

gold,' 

gooje, 

gord, 

guv'ern-ant, 

gran ; a-re, 

grant-or', 

jim-nas'tik, 
jivz, 

> hal'se-un, 

hale, 

ha'pen-ne, 

hach'el, 
hant, ' 
he'bra-izm, 
he'bra-ist, 

hed'je-ra, 

hite, 
ha'nus, 

hem'is-tik, 

her-kule-an, 

her'e-se-ark, 

> her'Q-in, 

> her'g-izm, 

hefer-o-klite, 
$■ hik'kup, 
^ hik'kQf, 

hid'e-us, 

hi'e-rQ-fant, 

ho-mod'je-ne, 

hor'o-16-je. 

hos'pe-tai 

osier, 

huz'wif, 

huz'wif-er-y, 

huv'er, 

um'bl, 

hu'mpr, 

hun'dred, 

> huz'wif, 



Worcester 

jir'a-sol 

gk'sis, gla-se-'. 

glad'e-a-t(?r. 

gold. ' 

gowje, gooje. 

gord, goord. 

guv-er-nanf. 

gran'a-re. 
C granf'or." 
I grant-or'. 

jim-nas'tik 

jivz. 

C hal'she-un. 
I hal'se-un. 

hale,' hall. 
c ha'pen-ne. 
< hap'pen-ne. 
( haf 'pen-ne. 

hach'el, hak'kl 

hant.' 

he'bra-izm. 

he'bra-ist 
C he-ji'ra. 
I hed'je-ra. 

hite. 

ha'nus. 
C hem'is-tik. 
I he-mis'tik. 

her-kule-an. 

he-re'ze-ark. 
C her'o-in. 
\ he'rp-in. 
C her'g.izm. 
\ he'rp-izm. 

hefe-ro-khto 

hik'kup. 

hikkof. 

hid'e-us. 

C hi-er'o-fant 
I hi'e-rp-fant. 

hQ-mod'je-ne. 

ho-rol'o-je. 

hos'pe-tai. 

osier. 
C huz'wjt 
I hows'wif. 
C huz'wrf-re. 
\ hows'wif-'re. 

huv'er. 

hum'bl, um'bl, 

yu'mpr, hii'mof 

hun'dred. 
huz'zif. 



• hi-me-ne'al hi-me-ne'al. 

hi-me-ne'an, hi-me-ne'an. 



his'stlp, 



hi'z«?p, his'sQp 



il-lak'we-ate, il-la'kwe-ate. 
im-bes'ii. 
im-be-seel'. 



im-be-seel', 

im-me'de-at, im-me'de-at 

im-por'tant, im-por'tant 



IN-CEND'I-A-RY, 

fN-CENS'O-RY, 

rN-€LlN'A-TO-RY, 



C in-sen'de-a-re, 

{ in-sen'je-a-re, 

in'sen-sur-e, 



in-klin'a-tur-e, 
IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE.3 ' ' 
IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS.4 
IN-€ON'D*TE, inlcon-dite, 

Walker. Perry. 

' hip-o-k5n'dre-ak, hip-g-kon'dre-ak, 
im-pro-pre-a'tnjr, im-pro'pre-a-tur, 
iM-kom-men'shu- ? in-kom-men'shu- 

ra-bl, 5 ra-bL 

in-kom-mo'de-us 
in-kom-mo'" 



im-piin', 

im-pu-is'san3, 

in-am-Q-ra'to, 

^in-sen'de-a-re, 



in-kli'na-t<?-re, 



in-kon'dit 



im-piine', jm-pune', im-pune', jm-pune'. 

im-pu'is-sans, im-puls-sans, im-pu'is-sans, im-pu'is-sana 

in-am-9-ra'to, in'am-g-ra-to, in-am-o-ra'to, in-am-Q-ra'to. 

in-sen'de-a-re, in-send'yar-e, in-send'yar-e, in-sen'de-a-re. 

in-sen'sQ-re, in-sen'so-re, in'sen-sor-e, { S-sS^Q-r«T 

in-klin'a-tur-e, in-kli'na-tur-e, in-kli'na-tur-e, in-klin'a-tQ-re, 



inlcQn-dite, 



in-kpn-dite', in-kon'dit 



C inlion-dite. 
I in-kon'djt 



Knowles. 



Smart. 



hi-po-kon'dre-ak, 
im-pro-pre-a'tiir, 

1 in-koui-nien'eu-ra- 

} bl, 



hip-p-kSn'dri-ak, hip-g-kon'dre-ak, 
im-pro'pre-a-tur, im-pro'pre-a-tpr, 

1 in-kom-mens'yur- ^ in-kom-men'su-ra- 

I a-bl, 5 bl, 



'ie^uT' ( m -kom-m6'de-us. m-kgin-mo'dp-us. in-lcom-mod'yus, Tn-kom-mo'de-us, 



Worcester. 

hip-g-kon'dre-ak. 
im-pro'pre-a-tgr. 

- in-kgm-mens'g-ra-bl 
in-kgm-m o'de-us. 



SYNOPSIS. 



IVabiicr. 



Walker. 



lN-DE-€o'ROUS, > in-de-ko'rus, 

(N-DE€'0-ROUS, } in-dek'o-rus, 
[N-DISTU-TA-BLE^-gW^ 

IN-Do'CI-BLE, hr,*-**™' 

fN-DOC'I-BLE, jm-dose-bl, 

fN-Do'ClLE, )- ,. , ., 

IN-DOC'lLE. Jin-dossil, 

IN'FANT-ILE, in'fan-tile, 



IN-Fe'€UND, 

IN-6eN'IOUS, 

IN'GRIIN, 

IN-GRIIN', 

IN-HAB'lLE, * 

1N-IM'I€-AL, j 

IN-SID'I-OUS, j 

IN'SU-LAR, 
IN-TER'€A-LA-RY, 
INTER-GAL-iTE, ; 
[N-TER'€AL-aTE, J 
INTER-PO-LaTE, ] 
IN-TER'PO-LaTE, ! 
IN'TER-PO-LI-TOR.' 
IN-TER'PO-LI-TOR. 
IN'TER-STlCE, } 
IN-TER'STICE, < 
IN'VA-LID,ra.andz>.^ 

IN-VID'I-OUS, 5 

Tt l-RATION-AL (ir-j 
ra'shun-al or ir- 
rash'un-al), 

IR-RE-FRI'GA-BLE. 

IR-REF'RA-GA-BLE. 

IR-REF1T-TA-BLE, ] 

IR-RE-FuT'A-BLE, < 



in-fek'und, 

in-je'ne-us, 

> en-grane', 

In-habU, 

in-a-beel', 

in-im'e-kal, 

in-e-mi'kal, 

in-sid'e-us, 

jn-sid'je-us, 

in'shu-l'ar, 

in-ter-kal'a-re, 

m-ter'ka-late, 
in-ter'po-late, 



in'ter-stis, 
jn-tlr'stis, 
in-va-leed', 
in-vid'e-us, 
in-vid'je-us, 



Perry. 

> in-dek'Q-rus, 

in-dis'pii-ta-bl, 
In-djs-pu'ta-bl, 

in-do'se-bl, 

In-do'sil, 

in'fan-til, 

in-fe-kund', 

in-je'ne-us, 

en-grane', 

In-abU, 
in-a-beel', 

> in-im'e-kal, 

I in-sid'e-us, 

in'su-lar, 
jn-ter'ka-la-re, 

in-ter'ka-late, 
;n-ter'pg-late, 



in-de-ko'rus, 

' in-dis'pu-ta-bl, 

in-dos'e-bl, 

ln-dos'sjl, 

in'fan-tile, 

in-fek'und, 

in-je'ne-us, 

en-grane', 



( in-im'e-kaL 
I m-e-mi'kal, 

in-sid'e-us, 

in'su-lar, 
jn-terlial-a-re, 

in-ter'ka-late, 
in-ter'po-late, 



{! 



Knowles. 

in-dek'o-rus, 

in-de-ko'rus, 

in-dis'pu-ta-bl, 

in-djs-pu'ta-bl, 

in-dos'e-bl, 



m-dos'sil, 

ln'fan-tile, 

in-fe-kund', 

in-jen'yus, 

in-grane', 

in-habU, 

in-im'e-kal, 
in-e-mi'kal, 

jn-sid'yus, 

in'su-lar, 
jn-terlia-lar-e, 

in-ter'ka-late, 
in-ter'po-late, 



Smart. 

I in-de-ko'rus, 

I in-dis'pu-ta-bl, 

in-dos'e-bl, 

in-dos'sil, 

in'fan-til, 

in-fek'und, 

in-je'ne-us, 

in-grane', 

in-haMl, 

> in-e-mi'kal, 

in-sid'e-us, 

in'su-lar, 
in-terTia-lar-e, 

in-ter'ka-late, 
in-ter'po-late, 



Worcester. 

; in-dek'o-rus. 
! in-de-ko'rus. 

in-dis'pu-ta-bL 
in-dos'e-bl. 

in-dos'il. 
; in'fan-tile. 

in'fan-til. 

in-fek'und. 
' in-jen'yus. 

in-je'ne-us. 

in-grane'. 

m-hab'il. 

' in-im'e-kal. 
in-e-mi'kal. 

in-sid'e-iis. 

in'su-lar. 
in-ter'ka-la-re. 

in-ter'ka-late. 
in-ter'po-late- 



• in'ter-stis, in-ter'stis, in-ter'stis, 

in-va-leed', in-va-leed', in-va-leed', 

in-vid'e-us, in-vid'e-us, in-vid-yus, 



s~ +x_/„^ { in'ter-stis. 

m-terstis, J^^g. 

in-va-leed', in-va-leed'. 

in-vid'e-us, in-vid'e-us. 



ir-rash'o-nal, ir-rash'o-nal, ir-rash'o-nal, ir-rash'un-al, ir-rash'un-al, ir-rash'un-al. 



ir-re-fu'ta-bl, 
ir-ref'u-ta-bl, 



•ir-re-fu'ta-bl, ir-re-fu'ta-bl, ir-ref'u-ta-bl, ir-re-fu'ta-bl, 



JAOK'AL, jak-kall', 

JAL'AP, jallup', 

JON'QUIL, jun-kwil', 

JON'IOR (jun'yur), ju'ne-nr, 

KEEL'SON (kel'sun), keel'stm, 

KNOWL'EDgE ? nolledje, 

(nollej), 5 noledje, 



La'€ON-ISM, 

LANTjAU, 

LAR'YNX, 

LAUD'A-NUM, 

LAU'REL, 

La'VA, 

LEG-A-TOR', 

LE'GEND, 

LeG'END, 

LEG'END-A-RY, 

LEgIS-La-TiVE, 

LEG'IS-Ll-TOR, 

LEg'IS-La-TURE 

(led'jis-lat-yur), 
LeIS'URE (le'zhur 

or lezh'ur), 
LEP'O-RlNE, 
LEP'O-RINE, 
LeST, 
LEVER, 

Lf-CENTIATE, n., 
LIEtj-TEN'ANT (lu- ' 

ten'ant or lef-ten'- 

ant), 
I.dATH, 

loth, 

■ US'TRING, 

MA€TlO-€OSM, 
MAL'€ON-TENT, 
MALL (a walk), 
MAM'MIL-LA-RY, 
MAN'TU-A (man'tu-a 
or man'tu), 



lakTco-nizm, 

lan-daw', 

la'rynx, 

lod'a-num, 

lor'ril, 
la'va, 
les-Ka-tor', 



jak-all', 
jal'yp, 

jun-kwil', 

jii'ne-vir, 

keel'sxm, 
kel'sun, 

> nolledje, 

lak'Q-nizm, 

lan-daw', 

lar'ynx, 

law'da-niim, 

law'rel, 

le-ga'tur, 



le'jend, 


le'jend, 


led'j en-da-re, 

led'jis-la-tiv, 

led'jis-la-tur, 


lej'en-da-re, 
lej'is-la-tiv,' 
lej-is-la'tur, 


led'jis-la-chiire 


lej-is-la't^re, 


le'zhure, 


le'zhur, 


lep'pQ-rine, 


lep'Q-rine, 


lest, lest, 

le'vur, 

li sen'she-ate, 


lest, 

le'ver, 

li-sen'she-at, 


lev-ten'nant, 


liv-ten'ant, 


loth, 


loth, 


lus'string, 




malo-p-kozm, 
maleTion-tent, 
mal, 

mam'mil-la-re, 

man'ebu-a, 


ma'kro-kozm, 

mal-kon-tent', 

mal, 
C mam-mil'a-re, 
I mam'mil-a-re, 

man'tu, 



jak-all', 
jallup, 

jung-kwiT, 

ju'ne-ur, 

• keel'sun, 
nolledje, 

lak'ko-nizm, 

lan-daw', 

la'rynx, 

lod da-num, 

lor'reL 

la'vaj 

leg-ga-tor', 

le'jend, 

le'j en-da-re, 
le'jis-la-tiv,' 
le'jis-la-tur, 

le'jis-lat-yur, 

le'zhur, 

lep'pQ-rine, 
lest, 
le'ver, 
li-sen'she-ate, 

lu-ten'ant, 

loth, 
lus'tring, 

mak'ro-kozm, 
mal-kpn-tent', 
mall, mel, 

• mam'mil-la-re, 
man'tu-a, 



jak'all, 
jollup, 
" jon-keel', 
zhon-keel', 
jun'yur, 

keel'sun, 
nolej, nol'ej, 

lak'g-nizm, 

lan-daw', 

lar'ynx, 

lod'a-num, 

la'rel, 
la'va, la'va, 
le-ga'tur, 

le'jend, 

led'jen-da-re, 

lej'is-la-tiv, 

lej'is-la-tur, 

lej'is-lat-yur, 
le'zhur, 

lep'o-rin, 

lest, 

le'vur, 

li-sens'yat, 

lef-ten'nant, 



loth, 
lii'string, 

maTcrQ-kozm, 
mal-k<?n-tgnt', 
mal, mall, 

mam-mil'a-re, 

man'tu, 



jak'all, 
jal'ap, 

[jungfkwil, 

jii'ne-ur, 

kel'sun, 
nol'edje, 

lak'Q-nizm, 

lan'daw, 

lar'ynx, 

lod'a-niim, 

lor'el, 
la'va, 
leg-ga-tor', 

led'j end, 

led'jen-da-re, 

lej'is-la-tiv, 

Isj'js-la-tur, 

lej'is-la-tur, 
le'zhur, 

lep'o-rine, 

lest, 

le'ver, 

li-sen'she-ate, 

lev-ten'ant, 

loth, 

lus'tring, 

ma/kro-kozm, 
malTign-tent, 
mal, 

mam'mil-la-re, 

man'tu, 



[ ir-re-fut'a-bL 
ir-ref'u-ta-bl. 

jak'all. 
jal'ap. 

jon-kwil'. 

jun'yur. 



C kel'sun. 
\ keel'sun. 

nol'ej. 

lak p-nizm. 

lan-daw 7 . 

lar'ynx, la'rynx 
C law'da-num. 
I lod'a-num. 

lor'el, law'rel. 

la'va, la'va. 

leg-a-tor'. 

le'jend, lej'end 

lej'en-da-re. 
lej'is-la-tiv. 
lejls-la-tur. 

led'jis-lat-ur« 

le'zhur. 

C lep'o-rine 
I lep'o-rin 

lest. 

le'ver. 

li-sen'she-at. 

f lev-ten'ant 
\ lu-ten'ant. 

loth. 
C lus'tring. 
I lufsti-ing. 

ma'krp-kSzm, 
mal'kon-tent. 
mal. 

mam'mil-la-re. 

man'tu-a. 

man'tu. 



Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester 

in-tgr'pQ-la-tur, in-teVpo-la-tur, in-ter'po-la-tur, in-ter'p<?-la-tur. in-ter'po-la-tor, in-ter'pp-la-tQr. 

ir-reSaSl', 1, } ^-re-frag'a-bl, ir-ref'fra-ga-bl, ir-rgf'ra-ga-bl, ir-ref'ra-ga-bl, ir-ref'ra-ga-bl. 



SYNOPSIS. 



xvii 



MAR-A-Na'THA, 
MA-RAUDER, 
MAR'I-GoLD, 
MaR'MO-SET, 

marmot, 

MA-THe'SIS, 

MATRI-ClDE, 
MATRON, 

MATRON-AL, 

MATU-RA-TlVE, 

MIUND'ER 

MAUND'ER, 

ME-DIC1N-AL, 

MEDI-ClNE, 

MEDTJL-LA-RY, 
MeL'IOR-ITE, 

ME-Lo'DI-OUS, 

MEM'OIR (mem'- 

wor), 
MEN-AG'E-RIE 

(men-azh'e-ry), 
MEN'AG-E-RY 

(men'a-jer-ry), 
MEN'SU-RA-BLE 

(men'shu-ra-bl), 
MER'€AN-TlLE, 

ME-RID1-AN, 

MES'SIEURS 
(mesh'yerz), 
MET'^L (meftl), 

METAL-LINE, 

MET'AL-LUR-gY, 

Me'TE-OR, 

METO-NYM-Y, 
ME-TONT-MY, 
MEZ-ZO-TINT'O 

(mez-zo- or med- 

zo-), 
MICH'ER 
MI-€ROG v RA-PHY, 
MlDWlFE-RY, 
MIN'A-TO-RY, 
MIN'IA-TURE 

(min'e-tur or min'- 

e-a-tur), 

MIN'UTE (min'it), 

MI-SOgY-NY, 
Mo'BILE, 

MON'AD, 

MON'AS-TER-Y, 

MO-NOP'TOTE, 
MY, 



Walker. 

mar-a-nath'a, 
ma-ro'dur, 
marYe-gold, 
mar-mp-zef, 

mar-moof, 

ma-the'sis, 

maftre-side, 

ma'trun, 

mafrp-nal, 

ma-tro'nal, 

mach'u-ra-tiv 

• maln'dur, 

me-dis'e-nal, 
med-e-si'nal, 
med'de-sin, 

med'ul-lar-e, 
mele-p-rate, 
me-lo'de-us, 
me-16'je-us, 
me-moir', 
' mem'war, 



Perry. 

mar-an-a'tha, 
ma-ro'der, 
mar'e-gold, 
mar-mp-zef, 

mar-m5f, 

ma-the'sis, 

ma'tre-side, 
ma'trun, 
ma'trun-al, 
mat run-ad, 
ma-tu'ra-tiv, 

mawn'der, 

> me-dis'e-nal, 

med'e-sin, 

me-dulla-re, 
mele-p-rate, 

[ me-lo'de-us, 

mem'oir, 
me-nioir\ 



mar-a-nath'a, 
ma-raw'der, 
mar'e-gold, 
mar-mo-zef, 

maVrnpt, 

ma-the'sjs, 

math'e-sis, 

maftre-side, 

ma'trun, 

• ma'trp-nal, 

mafu-ra-tiv, 

man'der, 

me-dis'es-nal, 
med-e-si'nal, 
med'de-sin, 

med'ul-lar-e, 
mele-Q-rate, 

me-lo'de-us, 

me-moir', 
mem'war, 



Knowles. 

mar-a-na'tha. 

ma-raw'der, 

ma're-gold, 

mar-inp-zef, 

maVrnpt, 

> math'e-sis, 

maftre-side, 
ma'trun, 

ma'trun-al, 

mafu-ra-tiv, 

mawn'der, 

> me-dis'jn-al, 

med'sin, 

me-dul'ur-e, 
meTyp-rate, 

me-lod'yus, 



Smart. 

mar-an-ath'a, 
ma-raw'der, 
mar'e-gold, 
mar'mp-zet, 

mar-mof, 

ma-the'sjs, 

mafre-side, 
ma'trpn, 

ma'trpn-al, 

mafu-ra-tiv, 

man'der, 

me-dis'e-nal, 
med'e-sin, col- 
loq. med'sin, 
me-dullar-e, 
mel'yp-rate, 

me-lo'de-us, 
mem'war, 



men-azhe-ur-e'. me-na'zhe-re, men-a\zh-er-e', me-na'zhe-re, men-azh'er-e, 



S men'shu-ra-bl, 

mer'kan-til, 
C me-rid'e-an, 
I me-rid'je-an, 
) mesh'shoorz, 
5 mesh-shoorz', 

meftl, 

meftal-line, 



men'shu-ra-bl, 



men'su-ra-bl 

mer^kan-til, 

me-rid'e-an, 



Worcester 

mar-a-nath'a 

ma-rawd'er. 

mar'e-gold. 

mar-mp-sef. 
C mar'mpt. 
( mar-mof. 

ma-the'sjs. 

mafre-sid« 

ma'trpn. 
C mafrpn-aL 
\ ma'trpn-al. 

maf u ra-'tfr. 

mauider. 

me-dis'e-naL 

> med'e-sjn. 

med'ul-la-re. 
mel'yp-rate. 

me-lo'de-us. 

C rne-moir'. 
i mem'war. 

me-na'zhe-re. 

1 me-na'zhe-re. 

mens'yu-ra-bl 

mer'kan-til. 

me-rid'e-an. 

C mesh'urz. 
I mes'yerz. 




min'nit, 

mm'nute, 

me-sod'je-ne, 

mp-beel', 

mon'nad, 

mo'nad, 

mon'na-stre, 

mon'nas-ter-e, 

mon'npp-tote, 

mp-nop'tote, 

mi, me, 



Ni'TION-AL (na'- 
shun- or nash'un-), 
NATU-RAL, nafchu-ral, 

Na'TURE (nafyur), na'chure, 

NE'ER (nare), 
NE-Go'TII-TOR, 
NEP'O-TISM, 
No'MEN-€LI-TURE 
NONE (none or nun), nun, 
NOOSE (nooz), n., noose, 
NOTHING, ) _„.,. 

N6TH1NG, ^nuthin 

No'VEN-A-RY, 



• nash'un-al, 



nare, 

ne-go'she-a-tur 

nep'p-tizm, 



OBTiU-RATE, a., 

OB-Du'RATE, a., 

O-Bk'DI-ENCE, 

O-BeTSANCE, 

O-BEI'SANCE, 

OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, 

O-BLlGE', 

OB-LlQUE' (ob-hke' 
or ob-leek'), 



nov'en-a-re, 

1 ob'ju-rate, 
5 ob-du'rate, 
Q-be'je-ens, 

> o-ba'sans, 

6ble-ga-tur-re, 
^ o-blidje', 
p-bleedje', 

• Qb-like', 




gb-du'rate, 

o-be'de-ens, 

p-be'sans, 

6ble-ga-tp-re, 

p-bleeje', 

p-blije', 

ob-leek 7 , pb-hk 



C ob'du-rate. 
I pb-dii'rate. 

p-be'de-ens 

p-ba'sans. 

p-be'sans. 

oble-ga-tp-re. 

p-blije', p-bleeje 1 
pb-mV, pb-leek' 



Walker. Perry. 

nom-en-kla'chDre, no-men-kla'rure. 



no-men-klate 



Knowles. 
yur, no-men-klate'yur. no'm; 



Smart. 
nkla-ture, 



Worcester. 
no'men-klate-yur 



SYNOPSIS. 



Webster. 

OC'TO-GE-NA-RY, 

O'DI-OUS, 
(E-IL'IAD (e-il'yad), 

OPH-THAL'MI€ (of-) 

OPTA-TiVE, J 

ORAN-6ER-Y, 

OR'€HES-TRA, 

OR'DE-AL, j 

OR'DI-NA-RY, | 

OR'THO-E-PY, 
o-YEZ' (o-yesO, 

PA-CIF'I€-A-TOR, 

Pa'GEANT (pa'jent ) 
or paj'ent), } 

P1'6EANT-RY, 
Pag'EANT-RY, 
PAL'FREY, 
PAN-E-6yR'I€, 
PAP'IL-LA-RY, 

PAP'IL-LOUS, 

PA-RAL'O-GISM, 

PaS'TY, n., 

PATENT, 

PI'TRI-OT, 

PAT'RI-OT, 

Pa'TRON, 

PAT'RON, 

PAT'RON-AL, 

Pa'TRON-ESS, 

PAT'RON-ESS, 

PAUNCH, 

PE-€uL'IAR, 

PE-€0N'IA-RY 

PEDAL, n., 
PE-DO-BAPTISM, 
PEN'TE-COST, 
PER-Du'RA-BLE, 

PER'EMP-TO-RY, < 

PERFECT, v., 
PER-FECT, v., 
PER-FuME', n., 
PER'FUME, n., 

PER-FUNCTO-RY, 
PER-MIT', n., 
PERMIT, n., 
PER'TURB-aTE, 
PETAL, 
PE'TAL, 

PHALANX, j 

PHaR-MA-CEu'TIC, 
PHl'LO-MEL, 

PHLEG-MAT'IC, 

PHLO-GISTON, \ 

PIeRCE, 

PIS'MIRE, 

PLa'€A-BLE, 



Walker. 

gk-todje'e-na-re 

6'de-us, 6'je-us 
e-il'yad, 

gp-thal'mik, 
op'ta-tiv, 
gp-ta'tiv, 
g-rawn'zher-e, 

gr-kes'tra, 

or'de-al, 

ofje-al, 

Si^de-na-re, 

6rd'na-re, 

orlhg-e-pe, 

6-yis', 



Perry. 

!, gk-toj'e-na-re, 

6'de-us, 
ale'yad, 

op-thal'mik, 

> op'ta-tiv, 
or'an-je-re, 
or'kes-tra, 

[ or'de-al, 

> or'de-ua-re, Sr'de-na-re, 

orthg-e-pe, 6r'thg-e-pe, 

o-yes 7 , 6'ya, 



Jameson. 

6k'tg-je-na-re, 
6'de-us, 

gp-thal'mik, 

op'ta-tiv, 

or'an-jer-e, 

or-kes'tra, 

or'de-al, 



pas-sif-fe-ka'tur, pas-e-fe-ka'tur, 



PLI'6I-A-RY, 

PLAT'I-NA, 
PLa'TO-NIST, 
PLe'IADS (ple'yadz), 

PLe'NA-RY, \ 

PLEN'TE-OUS, ' 
PLICA-TURE, 
POL'Y-THE-ISM, 
POS-SESS', 

POSSESS'O-RY 

POSTTttJ-MOUS, 
PoS-TILL'ION (pos- 
til'yun), 
POTHER, 
PfiUR, 

PE E'FE€T-URE, 
PBEL'A-CY, 
PRe'LA-CY, 
PREL'ATE, 
PRE'LATE, 



• pad'junt, 

• pad'jun-tre, 

pal't're, pal'fre, 
pan-ne-jer'rjk, 
pap';l-ia-re, 

pa-pillus, 

par-ral'g-jizm, 
pas'te, 
pafent, pa'tent, 

• pa'tre-ut, 

• pa'trun, 
patrg-nal, 

> pa'trun-es, 
pansh, 
pe-ku'le-ur, 

pe-kti'ne-ur-e, 

ped'dal, pe'dal, 

ped-dg-bap'tizm, 

pen'te-koste, 

per'du-ra-bl, 

per'rem-tur-e, 

per-em'tg-re, 

■ per'fekt, 

• per'fume, 

per-funk'tur-e, 

> per'mit, 
per-tur'bate, 

« pe'tal, petal, 

falanks, 
fal'anks, 
far-ma-su'tik, 
fil'g-mel, 

fleg'ma-tik, 

flg-jis'tgn, 

flp-gis'ton, 

pers, pers, 

piz'mir, 

pla'ka-bl, 

pla'ja-re, 

plafe-na, 

platg-nist, 

ple'yadz, 

plen'a-re, 

ple'na-re, 

plen'che-us, 

plik'a-chure, 

polle-the-izm, 

pgz-zes',' 

poz'zes-sur-e, 

posfhu-mus, 

> pos-til'yun, 

pufh'er, 

powr, 

pref'fek-ture, 

> prella-se, 

[preT'at, 



pa'jant, 

paj'ant-re, 

pal'fre, 

pan-e-jir'ik, 

pa-pil'la-re, 

pa-pillus, 

pa-ral'g-jizm, 

pas'te, 

patent, 

pa'tre-ut, 

pa'trun, 

pafrun-al, 

pa'trun-es, 

panch, 

pe-ku'le-ur, 

pe-kii'ne-a-re, 

pe'dal, 

pe-dg-bap'tizm, 

pen'te-kost, 

per-emp'to-re, 
per'emp-tg-re, 

per'fekt, - 

' per-fume', 
per'fume, 

per-funk'tg-re, 

per-mif, 

per-tur'bate, 

petal, 

fal'anks, 
falanks, 
far-ma-ku'tik, 
fil'9-mel, 

fleg-mafik, 

flQ-jis'tun, 

flo-gls'tun, 

pers, 

pis'mir, 

plak'a-bl, 

pla'je-a-re, 

plat'Q-nist, 
ple'yadz, 

[ plen'a-re, 

plen'te-us, 
pliTca-ture, 
pol-e-thelzm, 
pQZ-zes', 

poz'zes-so-re, 

postliu-mus, 

pos-til'yun, 

pufh'er, 

por, 

pre-fek'ture, 

prel'a-sp, 
prel'ata 



pa-sif'e-ka-tur, 

pa'je-ant, 

pad'jent, ; 

pa'je-an-tre, 

pad'jen-tre, 

pal'fre, 

pan-e-jer'j.k, 

pap'p;l-a-re, 

pa-pillus, 

par-al'o-jizm, 
pas'te, 
pafent, pa'tent, 

pa'tre-ut, 

pa'trun, 

pa-tro'nal, 

pa'trun-es, 

pansh, 

pe-kule-er, 

pe-kii'ne-a-re, 

pe'dal, ped'dal, 
pe-dp-bap'tizm, 
pen'te-kost, 
per'du-ra-bl, 
per'rem-tur-e, i 
per-em'tp-re, ' 
pdr'fekt, \ 

per-fektf, J 

> per'fume, 



per-mif, 

per-tur'bate, 

pe'tal, 

> falanks, 

far-ma-sii'tik, 
filQ-mel, 

fleg'ma-tik, 

flg-jis'tpn, 

flg-gis'tgn, 

pers, 

piz'mir, 

pla'ka-bl, 

pla'je-a-re, 

plafe-na, 

pla'tp-nist, 

pla'yadz, 

ple'na-re, 

plen'te-us, 
plik'a-ture, 
polle-the-izm, 
p9z-zeY, 

poz'zes-sur-e, 

posfhu-mus, 

pos-til'yun, 

pofh'er, 

pore, 

pre'fek-tiire. 

prella-ee, 
prellat, 



KnowUs. 

gk-toj'e-na-re, 

od'yus, 

9-el'yad, 

9f-tbal'mjk, 

op'ta-tiv, 

or'an-jer-e, 

orTses-tra, 

or'de-al, 

6r'de-na-re, 

6r-tho'e-pe, 
6'yis, 

pa-sif'jk-a-tur, 

> paj'ent, 

> paj'ent-re, 

pal'fre, 

pan-e-jer'ik, 

pa-pil'er-e, 

pa-pillus, 

par'a-lp-jizm, 

pas'te, 

pafent, 

pa'tre-ut, 

pa'trun, 

pa'trun-al, 

pafr9-nes, 

pawnch, 

pe-kul'yur, 

pe-kun'yer-e, 

ped'al, 

pe-dg-bap'tizm, 
pen'te-kost, 
per'du-ra-bl, 

per'emp-tur-e, 

• per'fekt, 

per-fume', 

perTunk-tur-e, 
per'mit, 
per-tur'bate, 
pe'tal, 

falanks, 

far-ma-ku'tik, 
ffl'9-mel, 

fleg-matik, 

flg-jis'tgn, 

pers, 

pis'mir, 

pla'ka-bl, 

pla'jer-e, 

plafe-na, 

pla'tg-nist, 

pli'adz, 

plen'er-e, 

plen'tyus, 
plik-a-ture', 
po-le'the-izm, 
puz-zes', 

puz-zes'ur-e, 

posfhii-mus, 

p5st-il'yun, 

pofli'er, 

pore, 

pre'fek-tyur, 

prel'a-se, 
prel'et, 



Smart. 

6k-tod'je-nar-e, < 

6'de-us, od'yus, 
il'yad, 

op-thal'mik, ' 

op'ta-tiv, 

or'an-jer-e, 

gr-kes'tra, < 

or'de-al, 

6r'de-na-re, '■ 

or'tho-e-pe, 
6-yes', 

pa-sif'e-katgr, < 
pad'jant, < 

pad'jan-tre, 

pal'fre, 

pan-e-jer'ik, 

pap'il-lar-e, 

pap'il-lus, < 

par-al'g-jizm, 

pas'te, 

pafent, 

pa'tre-gt, 

pa'trgn, 
pa'trgn-al, 
pa'trgn-es, 
panch, 
pe-kule-ar, < 

pe-kii'ne-a-re, < 

ped'al, 

pe-dg-bap'tizm, 
pen'te-kost, 
per'dij-ra-bl, 

pei-'em-tgr-e, 

per'fekt, 

per-fume', 

per'funk-tg-re, < 
per'mit, 
per-tur'bate, 
pefal, 

fal'anks, < 

far-ma-su'tik, 
fil'g-mel, 

fleg-matik, < 

flg-jis'tgn, 

pers, 

piz'mir, 

pla'ka-bl, 

pla'je-re, ] 

plafe-na, 

pla'tg-nist, 

ple'yadz, 

ple'na-re, < 

plen'te-us, 
plik'a-ture, 
pdl'e-the-izm, 
pgz-zes', 

pgz-zes'sgr-e, 5 

posfhu-mus, 

pos-til'yun, 

pofh'er, 

pore, 

pre'fekt-ure, 

prel'a-ee, 
prfil'ate, 



Worcester 

\ ok-toj'e-na-re. 
I ok'tg-je-na-re. 

6'dyus, 6'de-us. 

e-il'yad, el'y^i. 
f gp-thal'mjk. 
> gf-thal'mik. 
" op'ta-tiv. 

or'an-jer-e. 
I 6r'kes-tra, 
i gr-kes'tra. 

or'de-al. 

f 6r'de-na-re,a.&r: 
{ 6rd'na-re, n. 

6r'thg-e-pe. 

6-yes'. ' 

\ pas-e-fe-ka'tgr 
[ pa-sif'e-ka-tgr 
1 paj'ent. 
| pa'jent. 

paj'en-tre. 

pal'fre, pal'fre 

pan-e-jir'ik. 

pap'i'l-la-re. 
i pa-pillus. 
[ pap'il-lus. 

pa-ral'o-jizm. 

pas'te, pas'te. 

patent, pa'tent 

pa'tre-gt. 

pa'trgn. 

pafrg-nal. 

pa'trgn-es. 

piinch, pawncb 
\ pe-kul'yar. 
» pe-kiile-ar. 
' pe-kun'ya-re 
• pe-ku'ne-a-ro 

ped'al. 

pe-dg-bap'tizm 

pen'te-kost. 

per'du-ra-bl. 

per'emp-tg-re. 

per'fekt 

) per-fume'. 
) per'fume. 
( per-funk'tg-re 
[ per'funk-tg-re 
per'mit, per-mH. 

per-tui-'bate. 

petal, pe'tal. 

f falanks. 
I fal'anks. 
' far-ma-su'tik 

fil'g-mel. 
f fleg-matik. 
i flgg'ma-tik. 
' flg-jis'tgn. 

pers, pers. 

piz'mir, pis'mir 

pla'ka-bl. 
' pla'je-a-re. 

pla'ja-re. 

plat'e-na. 

pla'tg-nist. 

ple'yadz. 
\ plen'a-re. 
[ ple'na-re. 

plen'te-us. 

plik'a-ture. 

pol'e-the-izm. 

pgz-zes'. 

poz-zes'so-re. 

poz'zes-sg-re 

posfhu-mus. 

pos-til'yun 

pofli'er. 

pore. 

pref'ek-turti 

prel'a-se. 
prel'at 



SYNOPSIS. 



Webster. 

PRE'LUDE, 
PRELUDE, 
PREMIER (prenf- 

yer), 
PREM-tT-NFRE, 
PRe'SaGE, 
PRES'AgE, 
PRe'SCI-ENCE 

PRE-TEXT, 
PRETEXT, 

PRr-MOR'DIAL 

PRI'VA-CY, 

PRIVATIVE, 
PRo'BA-TO-RY, 
PRO-CEEDS', 
PRo'CEEDS, 



Walker. 
• prel'ude, 



Peiry. 
prel'ude, 



Jameson. 
prel'ude, 



Knowles. 
prel'ude, 



prem yer, pre me-er, 

prem'mii-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, 
pres'aj, 

presh'ens, 

pre-teksf, 

S pri-mor'de-al, 

> pri'va-se, 

pri'va-riv, 
pro'ba-tQ-re, 



S pres saje. 
i pre'she-ens, 

> pre-teksf, 

C pri-mor'de-al, 

} prl-mdr'je'-ai, 

C pri'va-se, 

I priv'a-se, 
priv'a-tiv, 
prob'a-tur-e, 

> prp-seedz', 



premyer, premyar, 

prem'mu-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, 
pres'ej, 



prp-seedz' 



P ^feel!, (Pr5 ' fil 01 >-' ffl ' P r ^ W™' 

prol-Q-kii'tiir, pro-lo-kii'tur, 

prol'pg, prol'og, 

" pro-mul-ga'tur, 
prp-mul'ga-tiir, 



PRO-LO €u'TOR, 
PRo'LOGUE (pro 

log), 
PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, prom-ul-ga'tur, 
PRO-NUN-CI-aTION.i 
PRO-Pi"TI-a'TION (pro-pish-e-a'shun).2 
PRO-So'DI-AN, 
PROTA-SIS, 



pressaje, 
pre'she-ens, 
pre-teksf, 
pri-mor'de-al, 

pri'va-se, 

priv'a-tiv, 
prob'a-tur-e, 

pro'seedz, 

pro'fel, 

pro-lp-kii'tnr, 
prolog, 



pre'shens, 
pre-teksf, 
pri-mor'dyal, 

priv'a-se, 

priv'a-tiv, 
pro'ba-tur-e, 

prp-seedz', 

prp-fel', 

prp-lSlfu-tur, 
prolog 



Smart 

prel'ude, 

pre'me-er, 

pre-rnu-ni're, 

pres'saje, 

pre'she-ens, 

pre-teksf, 

pri-mdr'de-al, 

pri'va-se, 

priv'a-tiv, 
pro'ba-tur-e, 

pros'eedz, 

pro'fel, 

prol'o-ku-tor, 
prol'og, 



> pro-mul-ga'tur, pro-mul'ga-tur, prom'ul-ga-tpr, 1 



Worcester 

prel'ude. 

C pre'me-er. 
\ prem'ye'r. 
prem'u-ni-re. 

pres'aj. 

pre'she-ens. 

C pre-teksf. 
I pre'tekst. 

pri-mor'de-ai 

pri'va-se. 

priv'a-tiv. 

pro'ba-to-re. 
< pro'seedz. 
\ prp-seedz'. 
C pro'fel. 
s prp-fel'. 
(pro'til. 

prol'p-ku-tpi 

prol'og. 
f prom'ul-ga-tpr 
prom-ul-ga'tpr 



PROTEST, «., 

PROW, 
PROWESS, 
PTIS'AN (tiz'an) 

PV7S-SANCE, 

PUM'ICE, 

PYG-Me'AN, 
PY-RITeS, 



prp-sod'e-an, 
pro-ta'sis, 

prp-tesf, 



prp-so'de 
prp-ta'sis 

C prp-tesf, 

I prof est, 
prow, pro, prow, 

prow'es, pro'is, prow'es, 
tjz-zan', tiz'an, 

C pu'is-sans, } pu . lVsan3i 

J pu-is sans, ) ' 

pu'mis, pum'is, pum'is, 

pus'tul, 



pig-mean, 
C pe-ri'tez, 
( pir'e-tez, 



PYR'O-MAN-CY, 
PYR'0-TE€H-NY, 

QUaLM (quam), 
ftUAN'DA-RY, 
QUAY (ke), 



pir'p-man-se, 
pir'p-tek-ne, 

kwam, 
kwpn-da're, 



pig'me-an, 

pir'e-tez, 

pe-ri'tez, 
C pe-rom'an-se, 
I pir'Q-man-se, 

pir-p-tek'ne, 

kwam, 
kwan-da're, 
ke, 
> kwinf es-sens, 
kote, 



ke, 
QUIN-TES'SENCE, { ^tls'seS 
QU5TE, kwote, 

QUoTH (kwoth or 1 kw ~ th kw6th k6th kfith 

kwuth), J 

QUO-TID1-AN, kwo-tid'je-an, kp-tid'e-an, 

QUOTIENT, kwo'shent, ko'shent, 



Ra'DI-ANT, 

Ra'DI-aTE, 

RaDI-US, 
RaIS'IN (ra'zn), 

RAR'I-TY, 



RaSE, 

RAT-A-F'f'A, rat-a-fe'a, 



C ra'de-ant, 
I ra'je-ant, 
C ra'de-ate, 
I ra'je-ate, 
C ra'de-iis, 
I ra'je-us, 

re'zn, 
C ra're-te, ^ 

< rar'e-te (thin- ^ rar'e-te, 
( ness), ) 

raze, rase, raze, 



• ra'de-ant, 

• ra'de-ate, 

• ra'de-us, 
ra'zin, 



raspTier-e, 

rat-a-fe'a, 

RATH'ER, rath'er, ra'fher, raeh'er, 

RA-TIOC-I-Na'TION.3 

RaTI ON- AL (ra'- ) 

shun-al or rash'- >rash'un-al, 

un-al), ) 

RA-TION-a'LE (ra-) 

shun-ale or rash- s rash-e-Q-nale', 

un-ale), ) 

RE-CEPTA-€LE, J jHggjg; 

RE-CEPTO-RY, res'op-tur-e, 

RE-€OG'NI-ZANCE 1 

(re-kog'ne-zans or Vre-kog'ne-zans, re-kon'e-zans, 

re-kdn'e-zans"i, S 



rash'un-al, 

rasb-e-9-na.le, 

re-sep'ta-kL 
re-sgp'tp-re, 



pi-Qs-o'de-an, 
pro'ta-sis, 

pro'test, 

pro, 

prow'es, 

tiz-zan', 

pu'is-sans, 

pum'js, 

pus'tule, 

pjg-me'an, 

> pe-ri'tez, 

> pi'ro-man-se, 
pi'rp-tek-ne, 

kwam, 

kwpn-da're, 

ke, 

kwjn-t&s'sens, 

kwote, 

kwoth, 

kwp-tid'e-an, 
kwo'shent, 

ra'de-ant, 

ra'de-ate, 

ra'de-us, 
ra'zjn, 

ra're-te, 

raze, 
ras'ber-e, 
rat-a-fe'a, 
ra'fher, 

rash'un-al, 

ra-she-o-nale, 
re-sep'ta-kl, 



re-kog'ne-zans, 
re-kon'e-zans, 



prp-sod'yan, 
pro'ta-sis, 

pro'test, 



pro-sd'de- 
profa-sis, 

profest, 



pro, prow, pro, 

pro'e8, prow'es, prow'es, 
tiz'an,' 



tiz-zan', 

pu'is-sans, 

pum^s, 

pus'tule, 

pig-me'an, 

pe-ri'tez, 

pi'rp-man-se, 
pi'rp-tek-ne, 

kwam, kwam, 

kwpn-da're, 

ka, ke, 

kwjn-tes'sens, 

kwote, 

kwoth, 

kwo-tid'yan, 
kwo'shent; 



pu^s-sans, 

pu'mis, 

pus'tul, 

pig-me'an, 

pe-ri'tez, 

pir'p-man-se, 
pir'p-tek-ne, 

kwam, 

kwpn-da're, 

ke, 

kwin-t€s'sens, 

kwot, 

kwuth, 

kwp-tid'e-an, 
kwo'shent, 



rad'yant, ra'de-ant, 

ra'de-at, rad'yat, ra'de-ate, 

ra.d'yus, ra'de-iis, 

ra'zin. ra'zn, 



rar'e-te, 

raze, rase, 
razTjer-e, 
rat-a-fe'a, 
rafh'er, 

rash'un-al, 

rash-un-ale, 

re-sep'ta-kl, 
re-sep'tiir-e, 

• re-kon'jz-ans, 



ra're-te, < 

raze, 

raz^er-e, raz'ber-e. 

ra^a-fe'a, col- \ rat-a-fe'a. 



prp-so'de-an. 
profa-sis. 

pro'test, prof e? 

prow, pro. 
prow'es. 
tjz-zan', tiz'an 

pu'is-sans. 
\ pu'mis. 
I pum'mjs. 

pus'tul, piisfyi"' 

pjg-me'an. 
pe-ri'tez. 

pir'p-man-se 
pir'p-tek-ne. 

kwam, kwam 

kwpn-da're. 

kwon'da-re. 

ke. 

kwm-tes sens. 

kwin'tes-sens. 

kwot. 

kwuth, kwoth. 

kwp-tid'e-an 
kwo'shent. 



ra'de-ant. 
ra'de-ate 

ra'de-us 

ra'zn. 

rar'e-te. 
rar'e-te (thin 

ness). 
raze, rase. 



log. rat-a-fe , 
ra'fher, 



rash'un-al, 
ra-she-p-nale.. 



-a-fe'. 
rafh'er 



(rat 



rash'un-al. 
rish-e-p-nal^. 



re-sep'ta-kl, 
re-sep'tur-e, 

re-kog'ne-zans. re-kog'ne-zfina 



re-sep'ta-kl. 
ros'ep-tp-re. 
re-sep'tp-re. 



Walker. 



Perry. 



Jameson. 



Knowles. 



Worcester. 



pro-nun-she-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, prp-nun-she-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, prp-nun-she-a'shv 
i prp-pish-^-a'shim, prp-pish-e-a'shun, prp-pish-e-a'shun, prp-pish-e-a'shnn, prp-pish-e-a'shun, prp-pish-e-a'shun. 
'rash-e-OB-e-iia'shnn, rash-e-os-e-nVshun, ra-she-6s-e-na'shun, ra-se-6-sin-a'shun, rash-e-Ss-^-na'sh^e, T*^-^ -d-f T :;' s !it;r 



Webster. 



Walker. 



SYNOPSIS. 

Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. 



REtfOG-NlZECrek'- ) 












og-nlze or rek'c 
nize), 
RE-€OG-NI-ZOR' 


- \ rek'pg-nize, 


rek'pn-Ize, 


rek'pg-nize, 


rek'Qg-nize, 


rek'pg-nize, 


r6kpg-nize. 


) 












(re-kog-ne-zor' or ^re-kog-ne-zor 


, re-kon'e-zor, 


re-kog-ne-zor', 


re-kpn-e-zor', 


re-kog-ne-zor' 


re-kog-ne-z6r' 


re-kon-e-zor 7 ), 
RE€'ON-DITE, 


rek'pn-dite, 


re-kon'dit, 


rek'pn-dite, 


re-kpn-dite', 


re-kon'djt, 


C rek'pn-dite. 

\ re-kon'djt. 

rek'prd. 


RE€'ORD, 


c rek'prd, 
\ re-k5rd', 
c re-ku'zant, 
I relfku-zant, 


I rek'prd, 


rek'Qrd, 


rek'prd, 


rek'prd, 


RE-CiTSANT, 


I re-ku'zant, 


re-kii'zant, 


rek'ku-zant, 


rek'u-zant, 


C re-ku'zant. 
\ rek'u-zant. 


RE-FEeTO-RY, 


c re-fek'tur-e, 
\ rSf 'ek-tur-'e, 

I refra-ga-bl, 


> re-fek'tp-re, 


re-fek'tur-e, 


re-f§k'tur-e, 


re-fek'tur-e, 


re-fek'tp-re. 


RE-FRI'GA-BLE, 
REF'RA-GA-BLE, 


< re-frag'a-bl, 
I refra-ga-bl, 
re-rned'e-les, 


> refra-ga-bl, 


refra-ga-bl, 


refra-ga-bl, 


refra-ga-bl 
C rem'e-de-les. 
\ re-med'e-les. 

re-mors'. 


RE-MED'I-LESS, 


rem'e-de-les, 


rem'e-de-les, 


rem'e-de-les, 


rem'e-de-les, 


RE-MORSE', 


C re-mors', 
I re-morse', 


re-mors', 
re-morse', 


> re-mors', 


re-mors', 


re-mors', 


RENDEZ-VOUS 
(ren'de-voo), 


> ren-de-vooz', 


ren'de-vooz, 


ren-de-vooz', 


rdn'de-voo, 


ren'de-voo, 


C ren'de-voo. 
1 ren-de-vooz' 


REN'I-TEN-CY, 


re-ni'ten-se, 


ren'e-ten-se, 


re-ni'ten-se, 


re-ni'ten-se, 


re-ni'ten-se, 


re-ni'ten-se. 


RE-NUN-CI-A'TION.i 












REP'ER-TO-RY, 


rep'er-tiir-e, 


rep'er-tp-re, 


rep'er-tiir-e, 


rep'er-tiir-e, 


r6p'er-tur-e, 


rep'er-tp-re. 


RE-SIL'I-ENCE, 


re-zil'e-ens, 


re-zil'e-ens, 


re-zil'e-ens, 


re-sfl'yens, 


re-zil'e-ens, 


re-zil'e-ens. 


RE-SPTR'A-BLE, 




res'pe-ra-bl, 


re-spir'a-bl, 


r6s'pe-ra-bl, 


re-spir'a-bl, 


re-spir'a-bl. 


RE-TaIL', v., 


re-tale', 


re-tale', 


re-tale',' 


re-tale', 


re-tale', 


re-tale'.' 


Re'TaIL, 7i., 


re'tale, 


re'tale, 


re'tale, 


re-tale', 


re'tale, 


re'tale. 


RETJ-NOE, 


C ret'e-nu, 
I re-tin'nu, 


> ref e-nii, 


C ref e-nu, 
I re-tin'nu, 


> ref e-nu, 


rgfe-nii, 


ref e-nu. 


RE-TRIB'UTE. 


re-trib'ute, 


re-trib'ute, 


re-trib'ute, 


refre-bute, 


re-trib'ute, 


re-trib'ute. 


REV'E-NuE, 


C rev'e-nu, 
I re-ven'nu, 


> rev'e-nu, 


C rev'e-nu, 
I re-ven'nu, 


rg^e-nu, 
re-ven'u, 


> rev'e-nu, 


reVe-nu. 


REV'E-RIE, 
REV'ER-Y, 


> rev'er-e, 


C rev'e-re, 
> rev-e-r4', 


I rev-er-e', 


rev-er-e', 


rev-er-e', 


C rev'e-re. 
\ rev-e-re'. 


RE-VOLT-. 


re-volt', re-v51f, re-v6lf, 


re-volt', 


re-v61f, 


re-volf, 


re-v61f, re-vdlf 


RHOMB 


rumb, 


rumb, 


romb, 


r6mb, 


romb, 


rumb. 


RIGHTEOUS (ri 
chus), 


" Sri'che-us, 


ri'che-ua, 


ri'te-us, 


rifyus, 


{"Sau-**}***. 


RIS'I-BLE, 
Rl'SI-BLE, 


> riz'e-bl, 
rp-mans', 


riz'e-bl, 


riz'e-bl, 


riz'e-bl, 


riz'e-bL 


riz'e-bl. 


RO-MANCE', 


rp-mans', 


rp-mans', 


rp-mans', 


rp-mans', 


rp-mans'. 


ROQ'UE-LAUR 

(rok'e-lor), 
Ro'SE-ATE (ro'zhe 
ate), 


S rok-e-lor', 
" > ro'zhe-at, 


rok'e-16, 




r5klor, 


rok-e-lor', 


rok-e-lor'. 


ro'zhe-at, 


ro'zhe-at, 


ro'ze-at, 


C ro'ze-at, collog. \ ., , o . 
\ ro'zhe-at, {'ozhe-at 


ROUTE, 
R5UTE, 


> rout, rot, 


rout, 


rout, rSt, 


rot, 


rot, 


rot, rout. 


SAB'A-OTH, 


sab'a-oth, 


sa-ba'pth, 


sab'a-oth, 


sa-ba'pth, 


sa-ba'pth, 


C sa-ba'pth. 
\ sab'a-oth. 
saffurn, safrun. 


SAFFRON, 


saffurn, 


saffurn, 


saf run, 


saffrun, 


safrun, 


SA6'IT-TAL, 


sad'je-tal, 


sad'je-tal, 


sad'je-tal, 


sa-jiftaL 


sad'je-tal, 


saj'it-tal. 


Sa'LI-ENT, 


sale-ent, 


sale-ent, 


sale-ent, 


sal'yent, 


sale-ent, 


sale-ent 


SA-LlNE', 


sa-line', saline, sa-line', 


sa-line', 


sa-line', 


sa-line', 


sa-line'. 


SA-Li'VAL, 


( sal'e-val, 
I sa-li'val, 


sal'e-val, 
sa-li'val, 


> sa-li'val, 


sa-li'val, 


sa-li'val, 


sa-li'val. 


SA-Ll'VOUS, 


C sa-li'vus, 
I sal'e-vus. 


sal'e-vus, 
sa-li'vus, 


> sa-li'vus, 


sa-li'vus, 


sa-li'vus, 


sa-li'-.-us. 


SALVE (sav), 


salv, 


sav, 


salv, sav, 


sav, 


sfiv, 


sav, sSlv. 


SAPPHIRE (saf fire J gaff 
or saf fer), S 


saf fire, 


saffir, 


safeer, 


saffir, 


saffjr. 


SXR'DO-NYX, 


sar'dp-niks, 


sar'dp-niks, 


sar'dp-niks, 


sar'dp-niks, 


sar'dp-niks, 


sar'dp-niks. 


SATIRE, 


< sa'tur, safur, 
I sa'tire, safire, 


> sa'tur, 


sa'tur, 


safjr, 


safer, 


C sa'tur. 
^ safir. 
( safur. 


SATURN, 


sa'turn, safurn, safurn, 


sa'turn, 


sa'turn, sa'turn, safurn, 


safurn. 


SaTYR, 


sa'tur, safur, 


sa'tur. 


sa'ter, 


sa'tjr, sa'tur, 


safur, 


sa'tur, safjr. 


SAUN'TER(san'ter) 


( san'tur, 
') sawn'tur, 


> sawn'tur, 


san'ter, 


sawn'tur, 


san'ter, 


san'ter, sjin'ter. 


SAU'SAdE, 


< saw'sidj, 
\ sas'sidj, 


> saw'saje, 


saw'saje, 


sds'ej, 


saw'saje, 


saw'saje. 


S€ATH, 


skath, 


skath, 


skath, 


skath, 


skath. 


S€HED'ULE, 


< sed'jul, 
I sked'jul, 


sked'ul, 
sed'ul, 


sked'ul, 
shed'ul, 


J shed'ul, 


shed'ul, 


( sked'yul. 
< shed'yul. 
( sed'yul. 


SCHIS-MATTC, 


siz'ma-tik, 


siz-mafik. n., 


siz'ma-tik, 


siz-mafik, 


C siz'ma-tik, n., 
\ siz-mafik, a., 


siz'ma-tik, n. 
siz-mafik, n. Sea, 


SCl-OM'A-GHY, 


si-om'a-ke, 


sl-6m'a-ke, 




si-dm'a-ke, 


si-6m'e-ke, 


si-6m'a-ke. 


SE'€RE-TO-RY, 


se-kre'tur-e, 


selcre-tp-re, 


seltre-tur-e, 


se-kre'rur-e, 


se-kre'tpr-e, 


C se-kre'tp-re. 
\ se'kre-tp-re. 


8E-MIP'E-DAL, 


se-mip'e-daL 


oem-e-pe'dal, 


se-mip'e-dal, 


sem'e-pe-dal, 


sem-e-ped'al, 


C sem-e-pe'dal. 
1 se-mip'e-dal. 


SEN'ES-CHAL, 


sen'es-kal. 


sen'e-shal, 


sen'e-shal, 


sen'es-shal, 


sen'esh-al, 


sen'es-shal. 


SE-QUES-TRI'TOR, sek-wes-tra'tuiv se-kwee-fcra'tur, se'kwes-tra-tur 


s6k-wes-tra'tvr, sek'wes-tra-tpr, sek'wes-tra-tpr. 


SER-Pl'GO, 


J ser-pi'gp, 
I ser-pe'gp, 


I ser'pe-go, 


ser-pe'gp, 


ser-pe'gp, 


ser-pe'gp, 


C ser-pi'go. 
\ ser-pe'go. 


SES-QUIP'E-DAL, 


ses-kwlp'pc-dal, 


ses-kwip'e-daL 


s6s-kwe-pe'dal 


, ses-kwe-pe'da 


, ses-kwip'e-dal. 


SEWER (a drain) 


shore, 


shore, 


shore, 


soo'ur, 


soor, 


soo'er, shore. 


SEX'A-6EN-A-RY, 
SEX-AG'EN-A-RY, 


> seks-ad'jpn-ar 


e, seks-ad'jen-a-re, seks-ad'jen-ar-e 


, seks-ad'jen-er- 


i, seks-ad'je-nar-e, seks-ad'je-na-re. 



Walker. Perry. 

re-nun-she-a'shun, re-nun-she-a'shun, 



Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester. 

re-n&n-shc-a'shun, re-nun-se-a'shun, re-nun-se-a'shun, re-nnn-she-a'shi/n 



sher-bef, 

> shere, 

shive, 
shon, 
si'ren, 
safra, 

sur'rup, 

< slaVbur, 
I slobTiur, 

I sloth, 

so'she-a-bl, 

> so'jurn, 
sol'dur, 

l 



Webster Walker. 

SHER'BET, 

SHTRE, 

SHIRE, 

SHIVE, 

SHoNE, 

Si'REN, 

SlR'RAH, 

SIR'UP, 

SLAB'BER, 

SLOTH, 

SLoTH, 

So'CIA-BLE, 

So'JOURN, 

SOJOURN', 

SOLDER, 

SOM'BER, 

SOM'BRE, 

SO-Na'TA, 

SOOT, 

SOU-CHONG', 

SOUS (soo), 

SOUTH-EAST', 
S6UTHER-LY. 

S6UTHERN, 

SOUTHWARD 
(sufh'ard), 

SPAN'IEL, 
SPERM-A-Ce'TI, 
SPIKE'NARD, 
SPIR'A-€LE (splr'- 
a-kl or spi'ra-kl), 

SQUIR'REL(skwer'-J gkw6r , r 
rel or skwur rel), j • ' 

STI-PEND'I-A-RY, \ if***',? ***?> 

' I sti-penje-a-re, 

STiR'RUP, stur'rup,' 

STREW (stru. or stro), stro, 

C stu'de-us, 



Perry. 

sher-bef, 

shere, 

strive, 
shun, 
si'ren, 
sar'rah, 

sifup, 

I slobber, 

sloth, 
so'she-a-bl. 



SYNOPSIS. 

Jameson. 

sher-bef, 

shire, 

shive, 
shon, 
si'ren, 
ser'ra, 

seYrup, 

slab'ber, 

sloth, 
so'she-a-bl, 



XXI 



Knowles. 



sojurn, so-jurn, so'jurn, 



sol'der, 



80-na'ta, 
soot, 

sow-chong', 
souse, soo, 

south-eesf, 

C sufh'ur-le, 
I soufh'ur-ie, 

C soufh'urn, 
I sufh'urn, 

) south'ward, 
5 sufh'urd, 

span'yel, 

sper-ma-se'te, 

spike'nard, 

• splr'a-kl, 



STu'DI-OUS, 

SUB-AL'TERN, 

SUB-SIDl-A-RY, 

SUB-SULTO-RY 

SUG-CESS'OR, 

SUG-gEST", 



stu'je-us, 
siib'al-'tern, 
' sub-sid'e-a-re, 
sub-sld'je-a-re, 
sub'sul-tur-e, 
suk'ses-sur, 
suk-ses'ur, 
sug-jesf 



so-na'ta, 
siit, 

soo-shong 7 , 
soo, 

south-eesf, 

> sufh'er-le, 

> sufh'ern, 

> sufh'ard, 

span'el, 

sper-ma-se'te, 

spike'nard, 

spi'ra-kl, 

skwer'rel, 

> stl-pen'de-a-re, 

stur'rup, 
strii, stro, 

• stu'de-us, 
sub'al-tern, 

- sub-sid'e-a-re, 
sub-sul'tg-re, 

r suk-ses'sur, 
syg-jesf, 



sol'der, 

some'ber, 

so-na'ta, 
soot, 

sow-chong', 
soo, 

south-eesf, 



sufh'er-le, 

C soufh'ern, 
\ aufh'ern, 



sherbet, 
shire, 

shive, 
shon, shon, 
si'ren, 
safa, 
siir'up, 

slob'ur, 

sloth, 

so'sha-bl, 
C so-jurn', v., 
I so'jurn, n., 

saw'dur, 

some'bur, 

so-na'ta, 

soot, 

soo-shong', 

soo, 
C south'eesf , 
I sufh'eesf, 

sufh'ur-le, 
> sufh'urn, 



south'ward, south'ward, 



span'yel, 

sper-ma-se'te, 

spike'nard, 

splr'a-kl 

skwer'rel, 

sti-pen'de-a-re, 

stefrup, 
stroo, 

stu'de-us, 

sub'al-tern, 

sub-sid'e-a-re, 

suk-ses'ur, 
sud-jesf, 



span'yel, 

sper-ma-sife, 

spike'nard, 

spi'ra-kl, 



skwer'rel, 



Smart. 

shefbet. 
shere, 

shive, 

shon, 

si'ren, 

ser'ra, 
C sifup, colloq. 
I siir'up, 
t slab'ber, colloq. 
\ slob'ber, 

sloth, 

so'she-a-bl, 

> so'jurn, 

saw'der, 

some'bur, 

so-na'ta, 

SOQt, 

soo-shong', 
soo, 

I south-eesf, 

c soufh'er-le, 

< colloq. sufh'- 
( ?r-le, 
C soufh'ern, col- 
l loq. sufh'ern, 
C south'ward, 

< colloq. sufh'- 
( ard, 

span'yel, 

sper-ma-se'te, 

spike'nard. 



Worcester. 

; shefbet 
[ sher-b6f. 
shere, shire. 

shive. 
shon, shon. 
si'ren. 
sar'rah, sir'rah. 

sir'up, sur'rup. 
■ slab'ber. 



sloth. 



i-bl. 



spi'ra-kl, 



skwer'rel, 



sti-pend'yar-e, srl-pen'de-a-re, 



SUITE, sweet, 

SU-PER-E-ROG'i» TO-RY.i 
Su'PER-FlNE, sii-per-fine', 

SUR'VEY, 7i., sur-va', siir'va, 

SW5RD (sword or > - , 
sord), J° ord ' 

SYS'TEM-A-Tl7E, sis-tem'a-tize, 



TAN'TIV-Y, 
TAP'ES-TRY, ! 

TAS'SEL, 

Taunt, 

Te'DI-OUS, 

TEN'A-BLE, 

TEN'ET, 

TEN'URE, 

Te'TRXR€H, 

TET'RAR€H-Y, 

THERE'FORE 

(fher'fore or 

fhare'fore), 
IHREE'PENCE 

(thrip'ens), 
THY, 
Tl-A'RA, 
TIERCE (ters or 

ters), 
TINY, 



tan-tiv'e, 
taps'tre, 
tap'es-tre, 
tas'sel, 

tant, tawnt, 

te'de-us, te'je-us, 

ten'a-bl, 

ten'net, 

te'niire, 

te'trark, tef raxk, 

tefrar-ke, 

- fher'fore, 

• threp'ens, 

fhi, fhe, 

ti-a'ra, 
>ters, 

tl'ne, 



TOU-PET (too-pa'), too-pef, 



sii-per-fine', 
siir'va, 

sord, 

sis'te-ma-tize, 

tan-tiv'e, 

> tap'es-tre, 

tas'sel, 

tawnt, 

te'de-us, te'je- 

ten'a-bl, 

ten'et, 

ten'ure, 

te'trark, 

te'trar-ke, 

fhare'fore, 

threp'ens, 

fhi, 
G-ar'a, 

ters, 

ti'ne, 

too-pe', 



su-per-flne', 
siir'va, 

sord, 

sls'tem-a-tlze, 

tan'te-ve, 

tap'es-tre, 

tas'sel 

tant, tawnt, 
us, te'de-us, 
te'na-bl, 
te'net, 
ten'yur, 



stufup, 
stroo, 

stiid'yus, 
' sub-al'tern, 
sub-al'tern, 
sub-sid'ya-re, 

sub-sul'tur-e, 

suk-ses'ur, 

sud-jesf, 

sweet, 

su'per-flne, 
sur-va', 

sord, 

sis'tem-a-tize, 

tan-tiv'e, 

tap'es-tre, 

tasl, 

tawnt, 

ted'yus, 

ten'a-bl, 

te'net, 

ten'yur, 



sterr'up, 
stroo, 

stu'de-us, 

> siib'al-tern, 

sub-sid'yar-e, 

sub-sul'to-re, 

suk-ses'spr, 

sud-jesf, 

sweet, 

sii-per-fine', 
siir'va, 

sord, 

sis'tem-a-tize, 

tan-tiv'e, 

tap'es-tre, 

tas'sel, 



sojurn. 

sol'der, saw'der. 

some'ber. 

sp-na'ta. 
soot, soot, 
soo-shong' 
soo. 

south-eesf 
\ sufh'er-le. 

> sufh'ern. 

f south'ward. 
i sufh'urd. 

span'yel, span'el 

sper-ma-se'te. 

spike'nard. 
C spir'a kl 
I spl'ra kl 
( skwir'rel. 
< skwer'rel. 
( skv/ufrel. 

stl-pen'de-a-re. 

stur'up, stir'up. 
stroo, stro. 

stu'de-us. 
C sub'al-tern. 
I sub-al'tern. 

sub-sid'e-a-re 
C sub'sul-to-re." 
I sub-sul'to-re 

suk-ses'sor. 
C sug-jesf . 
I sud-jest. 

sweet 

su-per-flne'. 
sufva, sur-va' 

sord. 

sis'tem-a-tize 

C tan-tiv'e. 
I tan'te-ve. 

tap'es-tre 
C tas'seL 
> tos'sl. 

tant, tawnt 



te'trark, tef rarlf te'trark, 
tefrar-ke, te'trar-ke, 

flier'fore, 
fhare'fore, 



tant, 

te'de-us, te'je-U3, te'dyus. 

ten'a-bl, ten'a-bl. 

ten'et, ten'et. 

ten'ure, ten'yur, te'nur 

tet'rark, te'trai-k, 

tefrar-ke, tefrar-ke. 



fhare'fore, 



• flier'fore, 



fher'fore. 
fhare'fore. 



thrip'ens, 

fhi, 
ti-a'ra, 

ters, 

ti'ne, 

too-p6f, 



thre'pens. 

fhi, 
ti-a'ra, 

ters, 

ti'ne, 

too-pa', 



C thre'pens, col- ? thre'pens, colloq 
\ loq. thrip'ens, > thrip'ens. 

fill, often fhe, fhi, fhe. 

ti-ar'a, ti-a'ra. 



ti'ne, 



ters, ters, 

ti'ne. 
C too-pa'. 



TOURN'A-MENT, 



S'na-mgnf' i toor'na-ment, tore'na-ment, toofna-ment, 



too-pa', < too-pe'. 

(. too-pef. 
*.^ '«o ^.s^f ^ toofna-ment. 
torena-ment, > ^n^gnt. 



Walker 



Perry. 



rrawzer Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester 

sii-per-eYro-ga-tnr e, su-per-efg-ga-tg-re, su-per-er'ro-ga-tur-e, sii-per-er-Q-gafur-e, su-per-er'(?-ga-tor-e su-per-efo-ga 



•ga-to-re 



SYNOPSIS. 



> to'urd, 

> to'wurd, 



Webster. Walker. 

To'WARD (tdard,, 

prep, and adv., 
To'WARD (to'- 

ward), a., 
TRI'€HE-A, 
TRaIT, 

TRANS'LA-TO-RY, 
TRAVERSE, adv., 
TRAVERSE, prep., 
TREB'LE (tribl), 
TRE-PHINE', 
TRE-PHlNE', 
TRIG'LYPH, 
TRIG'O-NAL, 
TRI'POD, 
TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, 
TRI'UNE, 
TROF'FLE, 
TUR'CISM, 
TUR-KOi'S' (tur- ] 

koiz' or tur-keez 7 ), j 

TUR-MOIL', tur'moil, 

TWoTENCE (too'-) 

pens or tup pens), 3 ^ ' 
T?-PO-GRAPH'I€-AL.i 



Perry. 



Jameson. 



to'ard, 
to'ard, 



to'ard, 
to'ard, 



tra, trate, 

trans-la'tur-e, 

tra-vers', 

tra-vers', 

treb'bl, 

[ tre-fine', 

tri'glif, 

trig'Q-nal, 

tri'pod, trip'od, 

tris'sil-la-bl, 

tri-une', 

troo'fl, 

tur'sizm, 

■ tur-keez', 



tra, 

trans-la'to-re, 

trav'ers, 

trav'ers, 

treb'bl, 

tre-fine', 

tri'glif, 

trig'Q-nal, 

trip'od, tri'pod. 

tris-silla-bl, 

triune, 

truffl, 

tur-keez', 
tur-moil', 
t&p'pens, 



tra, trate, 

tranz-la'tur-e, 

trav'ers, 

trav'ers, 

treb'bl, 



triglif, 

trig'Q-nal, 

tri'pod, 

tris'sil-la-bl, 

tri'une, 

troo'fl, 



tur-moil', 
tup'pens, 



{ 



Knowces. 
to'rd, 

to'urd, 

tra-ke'a, 

tri, 

trans-lafur-e, 

trav'ers, 

trav'ers, 

trebl, 

tre-feen', 

tre-fine', 

tri'glif, 

tri'go-nal,, 

tri'pod, 

tris-snla-bl, 

tri'une, 

troo'fl, 

turklzm, 
C tur'kwoiz, 
} tur-kaze', 
C tur'moil, n., 
I tur-moil, v., 

too'pens, 



Smart. 


Worcester. 


to'urd, 


to'ard. 


to'ard, 


to'ard, to'wari 


tralie-a, 


tra'ke-a, tra-l e' 


tra, 


trate, tra. 


trans-la'tQr-e, 


trans-la'tQ-ro 


trav'ers, 


trav'ers. 


trav'ers, 


trav'ers. 


treb'bl. 


treb'bl. 


tre-feen', 


C tre-fine' 
I tre-feen'. 


tri'glif, 


tri'glif. 


trig'o-nal, 


trig'o-nal. 


tri'pod. 


tri'pod. 


tris-sllla-hl, 


trisll-la-bl 


tri'une, 


tri'fme. 


tTQOf'n, 


troo'fl. 


tur'sizm, 


tur'sizm. 


tur-keez', 


tur-keez'. 



■ tur'moil, 



tur'moil. 



too'pens, col- } too'pens 
log. tup'pe>3, > tup'en... 



UM'BRA-TILE, um'bra-til, 

US'QUE-BAUGH, us-kwe-ba', 

P-TEN'SIL, yu'ten-sil, 



um'bra-til, 
us-kwe-baw', 

yu-ten'sjk 



us-kwe-baw', 
yu-ten'sjl, 



um-bratil, 
us-kwe-baw 

yu'ten-sil, 



VA61-NAL, 
VAL'ET (vallet or 

valla), 
VAN-€oUTtI-ER 

(-koo're-er), 
VISE, 
VAULT, 

vaunt, 

VEN'I-SON (ven'e- 
zn or ven'zn), 

VER-MI-CEL'LI 
(ver-me-chelle or 
ver-me-sel'le), 

VERT'I-GO, 



•val'et, va-letf, 

• van-koor-yeer', 

vaze, 

vawlt, vawt, 
vawnt, 

ven'zn, } 

', ven'e-zn, ' 



val'et, 

van-koo're-a, 

vaze, 

vawlt, 
vawnt, 



vaj'pa-al, 

val'et, valla, va-lef, val'a, 



um'bra-til. urn'brattl 

Gs-kwe-'LrtW' us kwe b«v 

< yu-tSn'sj? 

\ yu'ten-sil. 



y^-ten'sL 



tfa-ji'nal 
fdl'et, 



va-ji'nal. 
vaj'e-nal 
val'et. 



vaze, vaz, 

vawlt, 

vawnt, 

ven'zn, 

ven'e-zn, 



vang-koor / ye r van-koor'e-er, van-koo'rer 

vaze, vaze, vase, 

vawlt, vawlt. 

vawnt, vawnt, vftnt 

ven'e-zn^ coUoq. ven'zn. 



vase, 

vawlt, vawt, 
vawnt, 
ven'iz-un, 
ven'zun, 



ver-me-chelle, ver-me-selle, ver-me-chelle, ver-me-chelle, ver-me-chelle, ver-me-ch<51 



VET'ER-I-NA-RY, 
VIC'I-NAL, 
VIC'JNE, 
VIN'DI-€a-TIVE, 

Vi-O-LON-CEL'LO 

(ve-o-lon-chello or 
ve-o-lon-sello), 
VIRTU, 

VIZ'TER (viz'yer), 
VOL'UME (vol'yum), 

WaIN'S€OT, 

WaIST'€oAT, 
WARRIOR (war'. 

yur), 
WaY'LIY, 
VVeRE (wer, emphat. 

ware), 
WHERE'FoRE, 

WIND, n., 
WOUND (wound or 

woond), 
WRATH, 
WREATH, 

YEA (ye or ya), 
Ye A ST, 
YELK, 
YOLK, 

ZF.AL'OUS (zei'us), 

Ze'€HIN, 

ZE'NITH, 



ver-ti'go, 
ver-te'go, 
ver'te-go, 

vefer-e-na-re, 

vis'e-nal, 

vislne, 

vin'de-ka-tiv, 



ver'te-go, 

vet'er-e-na-re, 
ve-ter'e-na-re, 
vis'in-al, 

visln, 

vin-dik'a-tiv, 



ver-ti-go', 
ver-te'go, 

• vet'er-e-na-re, 
vis-si'naL 

vin'de-ka-tiv, 



vet'er-in-er-e, 
vis'e-nal, 
ve-sine', 
vin'djk-at-;v, 



ver-te'go, 

ve'ter-e-nar-e, 
ve-si'nal, 
ve-sine', 
vin'de-ka-t}v, 



ve-o-lQn-chello, vi-Q-lQn-s611o, ve-Q-lon-tsello. ve-Q-long-chello, ve-Q-lon-chel'lo, 

ver-too', 
viz'yer, 
vol'yume, 



viz'yer, 
vol'ume, 



vir-tu, 
viz'yer, 
vol'yume. 



viz'er, 
vol'yum, 



veer-too', 

viz'yer, 

vol'ume, 



wen'skut, 

wes'kot, 

> war'yur, 
wa-la', 

[ wer, 

hware'fore, 
wind, wind, 

> woond, wound, 

roth, rath, 
reeth, reefh, 

ye, 

yelk, 
yoke, 



wan'skot, 

wasfkQt, 

war'yur, 

wa-la', 

wer, 

hwai-e'fore, 

wind, fc 

woond, wound, 

rawth. 
reefh, 



wane'skut, 

wor're-ur, 

wala, 

wer, 

hware'fore, 

wind, wind, 

woond, 

rawth, rath, 
reeth, reefh, 



ye, ya, 

yeest, yest, . . . 

yelk, yoke, yelk, 

yoke. yoke, 



wen'skut, 

win'skQt, 

wasltot, 

wes'kot, 

war'yur, 

wala, 
wer, 

hwar'fore, 
hwer'fore, 
wind, wind, 

woond, 

rawth, rath, 
reefh, 

ya, 
yest, 
yelk, 
yoke, 



zei'us, zelus, zei'us, 
chp-keen', zeltin, 

ze'nith, ze'nith, 



zellus, zei'us, 

che-keen', che'ken , 

zen'nith, ze'njth, ze'nith, 



> v/en'skot, 

wast'kot, 
wes'kot, 
wor're-ur, 

wala, 

wer, 

> hware'fore, 

wind, 

woond, 

rawth, 
reeth, 

ya, 

yest, 
yelk, 
yoke, 

zellus, 
ze'kin, 
zen'nith, 



Walker. 
lip-Q-grafe-kal 



Perry. 
tip-Q-grafe-kal 



Jameson. 
ti-po-grafe-kal, 



Knowles. 
ti-pQ-grafe-kal, 



Smart. 
tip-o-grafe-kal, 




wane'skot. 

> was'kot, wes'kot 

wai'yur. 

wala, wa-la' 

wer. 

hware'fore. 

wind. 

woond, wound 

rath, rawth. 
reeth. 

ya, ye. 
yeest. 
yelk, 
yoke 

zellus. 

chf-keen', ze'k|c 
ze'nith. 



Worcester. 

) ti-pQ.graf e-kal. 
itip-Q-grafe-kaJ. 



ORTHOGRAPHY OF DR. WEBSTER, 

AS EXHIBITED IN THIS VOLUME. 

1 Terminations in our changed into or. — Such words a3 favor, labor, &c, formerly ending in our 
drop the u. One word, however, is here given in both ways, viz., Savior, Saviour. 

2. Terminations in ck changed into c. — Words of more than one syllable, ending in ic or iac, which 
formerly ended in k, have dropped the k, as in music, maniac, Slc. Add to these almanac, sandarac, 
limbec (from alembic) ; also havoc. The k is retained (1) in a few derivatives, as colicky, trafficker, mim- 
icking, Slc., to prevent an erroneous pronunciation ; (2) in all monosyllables, as sick, stick, &c., and hence 
in their compounds, as candlestick, &c. ; (3) in all other terminations except ic and iac, as in arrack, &c 

3. Terminations in re changed into er. — Such words as centre, metre, Slc, with their compounds, 
have the re changed into er, as center, meter, Slc. Some hundreds of words like chamber, cider, diame- 
ter, Slc, have already undergone this change, which is here extended to about twenty more, to com- 
plete the analogy. Acre, massacre, and lucre are necessarily excepted, because the change would lead 
to an erroneous pronunciation. The above words, however, are here given in both modes of spelling. 

4. Words in which the Final Consonant is not doubled in adding such Formatives as ing, ed, er, &,c. — 
It is a rule extending to many hundreds of cases, that, in adding to a word such formatives as ing, ed, er, 
Sic, a single consonant at the end of a word is doubled when the accent falls on the last syllable, as in 
forgetting, beginning ; but is not doubled when the accent falls on any preceding syllable, as in benefiting, 
gardener, Slc This rule has been violated in the case of about fifty words ending in I, whose deriva- 
tives have had the I doubled, as traveller, &c. These words are here restored to their true analogous 
spelling, as recommended by Walker, Lowth, Perry, and others, as in traveling, canceled, leveler, coun- 
selor, duelist, marvelous, &c. On the same principle, woolen is spelled with a single I. It does not in- 
terfere with this rule that chancellor, and the derivatives of metal and crystal, as metalline, metallurgy, 
crystalline, crystallize, &c, have the / doubled, since they come directly from the Latin cancellarius 
and metallum, and the Greek upvoralAog. The above rule is also applied to the derivatives of worship 
and bias, making them worshiping, worshiped, worshiper, biasing, biased. Bigoted has already taken its 
true spelling with but one t, and such should be the spelling of carbxireted, sulphureted, &c. 

5. Distinction between Verbs in ize and ise. — Verbs from the Greek iC/a, and others formed in analogy 
with them, have the tei'mination ize, as baptize, legalize, Slc. Catechise and exorcise are exceptions 
Verbs, and also some nouns, derived directly from the French, with a few from other sources, end in 
ise, as advertise, advise, affranchise, amortise, chastise, circumcise, comprise, compromise, criticise, demise, 
despise, devise, disfranchise, disguise, divertise, emprise, enfranchise, enterprise, exercise, manumise, mer- 
chandise, misprise (to mistake), premise, reprise (to take again), revise, supervise, surmise, surprise. 

6. Terminations in able. — Able, when incorporated into words ending with silent e, cuts it off, as in 
blamable, except after c or g, as in noticeable, changeable. 

7. Compounds of Words ending in 11. — Such compounds as befall, miscall, install, forestall, inlhrall, 
enroll, retain the double I, to prevent a false pronunciation, befdl, enrol, Slc For the same reason, 
double I should be retained in the nouns installment, inthr ailment, thralldom, and enrollment. 

8. Defense, offense, and pretense. — In these words, s is substituted for c, because s is used in the de- 
rivatives, as defensive, offensive, pretension. The words expense, recompense, and license have, on this 
ground, undergone the same alteration within comparatively a short period, and a change in the three 
mentioned above, would complete the analogy. These words are here given in both forms of spelling. 

9. Foretell, distill, instill, fulfill. — These words retain 11 of their primitives, for it must be retained in 
the participles and other derivatives, as foretelling, distiller, &c. In this case it is only necessary to 
remember the rule, that the spelling of the original words tell, still, fill, is retained in all the derivatives. 

10. Connection, deflection, inflection, reflection. — These follow the spelling of their verbs conned, Slc 

11. Derivatives of dull, skill, will, and full. — These retain the ll,viz., dullness, fullness, skillful, willful. 
to prevent the inconvenience of exceptions to a general rule. Walker says, there is no reason why 
we should not write dullness, fullness, skillful, and willful, as well as stiffness, gruff ness, and crossness. 

12. Derivatives of villain. — The derivatives of villain ought to retain the i, as in villainous, villainy. 
Slc This is the case in all similar words when the ain is not under the accent, as mountainous from 
mountain, captaincy from captain, Slc. Both modes of spelling, however, are given in the volume. 

13. Mould and moult. — These words should be written mold and molt, like gold., bold, fold, colt, Slc, 
in which the w has been dropped or was never introduced ; but they are here given in both ways. 

14. Terms in Chemistry. — The orthography oxyd (from b^vg) is considered preferable to oxide, be 
cause in all other derivatives the Greek v is represented by the English y, as in oxygen, hydrogen, Sic. 
In such terminations as chlorid, ammid, Slc, the final e is not used, because they are formed in analogy 
with acid, and the e is unnecessary, and might lead to the error of giving a long sound to the preceding i 
Such words as salicin, cerin, veratrin, &c, also omit the final e in most cases, because it is unnecessa- 
ry, though it is retained in bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and a very few others. The spelling of 
the last class of words has the authority of Brande, the Penny Cyclopedia, and some others. 

15. Woe. — This word takes the final e, like doe, foe, hoe, sloe, toe, and all similar nouns of one sylla- 
ble. The termination in o belongs among monosyllables to the other parts of speech, as go, so, and to 
nouns of more than one syllable, as motto, potato, tomato, Slc 

16. Practice, as a Verb. — This verb should be spelled like the noun, with a c, as in notice, apprentice, 
and all similar words in which the accent precedes the last syllable. The distinction of spelling between 
the noun and verb belongs properly to words accented on the last syllable, as device, n., devise (pro 
nounced de-vize'), v. To apply the distinction here, and spell the verb practise, tends to give it the 
same pronunciation (practize), as we often find in uneducated persons ; but as this spelling, though in 
opposition to the regular analogy, is more pi-evalent, the verb is here given in both ways. 

17. Drouth is given as spelled by Spenser, Bacon, &c.', and as still extensively pronounced ; and 
hight as spelled by Milton, and derived from high. They are, however, placed under drought and 
height, the more ordinary spelling, though, on some accounts, the old spelling is to be preferred. 



DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 



%* Compound words, which in ordinary writing have the parts separated by a hyphen, are arranged directly after the 
word which form3 their first part. Those compounds which are written as simple words, without a hyphen, will be found 
in alphabetical order after the regular compounds spoken of above. If, then, a compound word is not foun.? In the first- 
mentioned place, it should be sought in its strictly alphabetical order. 







ABBREVIATIONS. 






a. stands for adjective. 


supcrl. stands for superlative. 


Gr. stands for Greek. 


adv. " 


adverb. 


syn. " 


synonyms. 


Heb. 


Hebrew. 


comp. " 


comparative. 


v. i. " 


verb intransitive. 


Ice. 


Icelandic. 


on. " 


conjunction. 


v. t. 


verb transitive. 


Ir. 


Irish. 


exclam " 


C exclamation, or inter- 
l jection. 


Am. " 


America, or Ameri- 


It. 


Italian. 


Ar. 


Arabic. [can. 


Lot. or L. " 


Latin. 


/• 


feminine. 


Arm. " 


Armoric. 


Per. 


Persic, or Persian 


m. " 


masculine. 


Ck. 


Chaldee. 


Port. " 


Portuguese. 


n. " 


name, or noun. 


Corn. " 


Cornish. 


Russ. " 


Russian. 


obs. " 


obsolete. 


Dan. 


Danish. 


Sam. " 


Samaritan. 


pi. 


plural. 


D. 


Dutch, or Belgic. 


Sans. " 


Sanscrit. 


pp. 


participle passive. 


Eng. 


England, of English. 


Sax. " 


Saxon, or Anglo-Sax- 


ppr. 


participle present 


Eth. 


Ethiopic. 


Sp. 


Spanish, [on 


prep. " 


preposition. 


Fr. 


French. 


Sw. " 


Swedish. 


pret. " 


preterit tense. 


G. or Ger. " 


German. 


Syr. " 


Syriac. 


pron. " 


pronoun. 


Goth. 


Gothic. 


W. 


Welsh. 




KEY 


TO THE 


PRONUNCIATION. 




A, E, I, Sec. 


? • C mate, mete, mite, 
5 I mote, mute, dye. 


EW or EU ) 
like long u, j 


as in new, feud. 


U like yu, 


as in unite. 


longoropon 


€ hard, or €H 


> " carry. 


A, E, I, <fcc. 


) u ( bat, bet, bit, bot, 
i I but, hymn. 


I like long e, 


" marine. 


like k, 


short or shu 


t like short u, 


" bird. 


C soft, like s, 


" certain. 


A Italian, 01 


J " far. 





" move. 


CH 


" mucA. 


aU, 


6 like short u, 


" dove. 


CH like sh, 


" machine. 


A broad, AL 


} " fall. 





" wolf. 


6 soft, like j, 


gem. 


" or AW, 


OI or OY 


" oil, boy. 


G hard, 


" give. 


A 


" what. 


oo 


" moon. 


S like z, 


" as, was. 


E like long a, 


" prey, there. 


00 


" book. 


S 


" west. 


EE, M, or CE 


> " meet, c<zsura. 


OU or OW 


" about, town. 


TH 


" Mb. 


Uke long e, 


u 


" bull. 


TH 


" thin. 



REMARKS. 



1. Improper Diphthongs. — In these, the vowel which is 
sounded is alone marked, as in ai, ea, or ea, or ea, 6u, &c. 

2. Double Accent ("). — This is used in two cases: (1) 
When in such words as an" ger (pronounced ang'ger), the g 
is, as it were, drawn back to the preceding syllable, forming 
with n the sound of ng, while it is also retained with its 
proper hard sound in its own syllable. Thus the distinction 
is marked between such words as Ion" ger, of greater length, 
and longer, one who longs. (2) When, in the case of e or i 
followed by ci or ti, the sound of sh is drawn back to the 
preceding syllable, as in spe"cial, discretion, addV'tion, vi"- 
cious (pronounced spesh'al, diskresh'un, addish'un, vish'us). 
The double accent is also used when the sound of zh is 
drawn back, as in transition, vl"sion (pronounced transizh'- 
un, vizh'un) ; but this peculiarity is also indicated either by 
respelling or by the marked s. When the single accent (') 
and double accent ( " ) both occur on the same word, the for- 
mer is to be considered the primary and the latter the sec- 
ondary accent, as in cheese'mon'ger. 

3. Vowels in Italics. — Vowels which are italicized are not 
sounded, as the a in metal, the e in used, hazel, burden, the i 
in evil, cousin, the o in beckon, &c. 

4. Accented Syllables.— When an accented syllable ends in 
a consonant, the vowel which it contains has its regular short 
or shut sound, unless otherwise denoted according to the key. 

5. Unaccented Sijllables. — When an unaccented syllable 
ends in a vowel other than e mute, this vowel has an ob- 
scure or faint sound, unless otherwise marked. The ob- 
scure a is usually the short Italian a, as in America. The 
obscure e, i, and y have the open sound of e shortened, as in 
tvent, labial, duty ; and hence, in respelling for pronunciation, 
the e is used to denote these sounds. The obscure o and u 
have their regular open sounds, but somewhat shortened, as 
in monopoly, educate. When the unaccented syllable ends 
in a consonant, the vowel which it contains, if single, has its 
regular short or shut sound, as in assign, explain, furnish, 
connective, calumny. But a in monarchy and such words, 
is the faint a. In neither of these cases should the sound 
of the other vowels (a, e, i, o, y) run into that of u in tub. 

6. Long a before r. — The long sound of a before r in the 
same syllable, as heard in fare, pair, parent, bear, &c, is 
nearly the same as in fate ; or. more exactly, it begins with 
the latter sound, and ends with the faint sound of e or a. 
In tnis case, however, the a should never be made a distinct 
syllable, fa'er, pay'rent, but fare, &c. So prayer, though 
spelled in two syllables, should be pronounced in one, as 
praro. By many, however, the first part of this compound 
sound is entirely omitted, and the a in fare, &c, is pro- 
nounced like the a in fat, but much lengthened in quantity. 
This, according to Smart and all the later orthoepists, as 
well as Walker, is a departure from true English usage. 



7. Italian a. — The sound of a in far, daunt, &c, and its 
sound in fast, pant, &c, being radically the same, is repre- 
sented by the same character, a. Yet, in words like fast, 
clasp, ask, pass, waft, path, pant, &c, the sound is not so 
much prolonged as in far ; and in such words as dance, ad- 
vantage, it is shortened still more, and by some is changed 
into the sound of a in fat. 

8. Broad a. — The distinction between the broad a (a) or 
aw and the same sound shortened (a), as in what, is readi- 
ly perceived. In some words, however, as salt, cobalt, &c. 
the a is not so broad as in all, nor so short as in what ; but 
in respect to this nicer distinction the ear must decide. 

9. Short e before r. — The sound of short e before r at the 
end of a word, or followed by another consonant than r, as 
in confer, perform, herd, earth, &c, is nearly the same as that 
of short u before r ; but some, particularly in England, at- 
tempt in this case to give the e its regular short sound, as 
heard in herald, herring. The same remarks may be made 
respecting ir, to which some attempt, in such words as vir- 
gin, mirth, &c, to give the regular sound of short e and r. 

10. Short o. — The shut sound of o before r in the same syl- 
lable, as in nor, being unavoidably the same as that of a, is not 
marked with any distinctive character. A sound interme- 
diate in length between that of a in all and of o in not is 
heard in such word3 as off, soft, song, cloth, loss, frost, &c. 
Here, however, a drawl is carefully to be avoided. 

11. Long u. -The long or open sound of u has been con- 
sidered by many as a diphthong composed of e or y and oo 
Dr. Webster regarded it, in most cases, as a peculiar vowel 
sound nearly resembling e and oo, but so much closer as to be 
hardly a diphthong ; and considered it as sounded yoo only 
when it begins a syllable, or when it is heard in certain term- 
inations, as in ure, &c. There is a strong tendency, which 
ought to be carefully avoided, to change this sound into oo 
after d, t, l,n, and s, as doo'ty for du'ty, Sec. ; but in avoid- 
ing this, as Smart remarks, the u must be kept very close, 
and not run into dyuty or de-uty. Walker sounds u like oo 
after r ; but even here, the best speakers, in Dr. Webster's 
view, give a slight softening between the vowel and the con- 
sonant, pronouncing rude in a le3s broad and open manner 
than rood, i. e., giving the u its distinctive sound. 

12. Respelling for Pronunciation. — (1) In respelling tin 
French en, on, &c., the letters ng are designed simply to 
mark the vowel as nasal, and are not to be pronounced 
themselves. (2) The respelling of a woi-d, when a number 
of related words follow, applies to all of them down to somes 
other word which is rcspelled. (3) Compound words, 
which are not respelled or otherwise marked, are to be pro- 
nounced like the simple words of which they are composed ; 
but o/and with at the end of compounds, as hereof, herewith 
have their final conson;int3 sounded as in dojT, smith 



AW 



AMERICAN DICTIONARY 

OF THE 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



ABA 

4 is the first letter of the alphabet in most of the known 
<nL languages of the earth : in the Ethiopic, however, it is 
the thirteenth, and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally 
the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound 
naturally formed by the human organs ; being the sound 
uttered with a mere opening of the mouth, without con- 
straint, and without any effort to alter the natural position 
or configuration of the lips. 
A has, in English, four sounds : the long or slender, as in 
place, fate; "the broad, as in wall, fall, which is shortened 
insqiiad, what ; the open, or Italian, as in father, which 
is shortened in China ; and the short, as in cat, carry. Its 
primitive sound was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation 
of the Saxon an or ane, one, used before words beginning 
with a consonant; as, a table, instead of an table, or one 
table. This is a modern change ; for, in Saxon, an was 
used before consonants as well as vowels; as, an tid, a 
time : an gear, a year. See An. 
This letter serves as a prefix to many English words ; as in 

asleep, awake, afoot, aground, agoing. 
A is also used for anno, or ante; as in anno Domini, the year 
of our Lord ; anno mundi, the year of the world ; ante 
meridiem, before noon; and for arts, in artium magister, 
master of arts. Among the Romans, A. U. C. stood for 
anno urbis condita, in the year from the building of the 
city, or Rome. 
AAM, n. [Ch. H/-X, or KT2X.] A Dutch measure of liquids, 
' varying in different cities from 37 to 41 English gallons. 
AA-RON'I€, ) a. Pertaining to Aaron, or to the priest- 
AA-RON'I€-AL, ) hood of which he was the head. 
AB, in English names, is an abbreviation of abbey or abbot ; 

as, Abton, i. e., Abbeytowi. 
AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin, and a Latin preposi- 
tion, as in abrade, is the Greek a~o, and the Eng. of, Ger. 
ab, D. af Sw. Dan. of, written in ancient Latin of. It de- 
notes from, separating or departure. 
aB, n. The Hebrew name of father. See Abba. 
AB, n. A name of one of the Jewish months. 
AB'A-GA, n. A kind of flax in the Philippine Islands. 
AB-A-CIS'€US, n. In ancient architecture, a term applied to 

the square compartments of Mosaic pavements. 
AB'A-CIST, n. [from abacus.] One that casts accounts ; a 

calculator. 
A-BACK', adv. Toward the back ; on the back part ; back- 
ward. — In seamen's language, it signifies the situation of 
the sails, when pressed back against the mast by the wind. 
AB'A-€OT, n. The cap of state, formerly used by English 

kings. 
AB-AC'TOR, n. [L.] In law, one that feloniously drives 
away or steals a herd or numbers of cattle at once, in dis- 
tinction from one that steals a sheep or two. 
AB'A-CUS, n. [L.] 1. Among the Romans, a cupboard or 
buffet. 2. An instrument to facilitate operations in arith- 
metic. — 3. In architecture, a table constituting the upper 
member or crowning of a column and its capital. — Aba- 
cus harmonicus, the structure and disposition of the keys 
of a musical instrument. — Abacus major, a trough in mines 
to wash ore in. — Abacus Pythagoricus, the multiplication 
table. 
ABAD'DON, n. [Heb. IIX.] 1. The destroyer, or angel of 

the bottomless pit. 2. The bottomless pit. — Milton. 
A-BaFT, adv. or prep. [Sax. aftan.] A sea term, signifying 
in or at the hinder part of a ship, or the parts which he 
toward the stern ; opposed to afore. Relatively, it denotes 
further aft, or toward the stern : often contracted into aft. 
A-BaI'SANCE. See Obeisance. 

AB-aL'IEN-aTE (ab-ale'yen-ate), v. t. To transfer the title 
of property from one to another : a term of the civil law. 
AB-aLTEN-a-TED, pp. Transferred from one to another. 



ABA 

AB-aLTEN-a-TING, ppr. Transferring from one to an- 
other. 
AB-aL-IEN-a'TION (ab-ale-yen-a'shun), n. The transferring 

of title to property. See Alienation. 
tA-BAND', v. t. To forsake. — Spenser. 

A-BAN'DON, v. t. [Fr. abandonner.] 1. To forsake entirely; 
as, to abandon a hopeless enterprise.— Cowper. 2. To re- 
nounce and forsake ; to leave with a view never to return ; 
to desert as lost or desperate. 3. To give up or resign 
without control, as when a person yields himself, without 
restraint, to a propensity. 4. To resign; to yield, relin- 
quish, or give over entirely.— 5. In commerce, to relinquish 
to insurers all claim to a ship or goods insured, with a 
view to recover as for a total loss.— Syn. To give up ; yield ; 
forego ; cede ; surrender ; resign ; abdicate ; quit ; relinquish; 
renounce ; jiesert; forsake ; leave ; retire ; withdraw from ' 
tA-BAK'DON, n. 1. One who totally forsakes or deserta 

2. A relinquishment. 
A-BAN'DON£D, pp. or a. 1. Wholly forsaken or deserted, 
2. Given up, as to a vice ; extremelv wicked.— Syn. Forsak- 
en ; deserted ; destitute ; abject ; forlorn ; profligate ; cor- 
rupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked ;" heinous ; 
criminal; vile ; odious; detestable. 
A-BAN-DON-EE', n. In law, one to whom any thing is 

abandoned. 
A-BAN'DON-ER, n. One who abandons. 
A-BANDON-ING, ppr. Forsaking or deserting wholly , 

yielding one's self without restraint. 
A-BANDON-ING, n. A forsaking; total desertion. 
A-BAN'DON-MENT, n. A total desertion ; a state of bein° 
forsaken ; a relinquishment of property insured to the in- 
surers, 
A-BANDUM, n. In old law, any thing forfeited or confis- 
cated. 
AB-AN-NI"TION, n. A banishment for one or two years for 

manslaughter. [Little used.] 
A-BAP-TISTON, n. The perforating part of the old treph- 

ine^ an instrument used in trepanning. [ Obs.] 
t A-BaRE', v. t. [Sax. abarian.] To make bare ; to uncover. 
AB-iR-TIG-U-LI'TION, n. In anatomy, that species of ar- 
ticulation, or structure of joints, which admits of manifest 
motion. 
A-BAS', n. A weight in Persia, one eighth less than a carat 

—Encyc. 
A-BaSE', v. t. [Fr. abaisser.] To cast down ; to reduce low; 
applied to the passions, rank, office, and condition in life. 
— Syn. To depress ; humble ; degrade ; bring low ; de- 
base; cast down. 
A-B1S.ED' (a-baste'), pp. Reduced to a low state ; humbled ; 
degraded. — In heraldry, it is used of the wings of eagles, 
when the tops are turned downward toward the point of 
the shield, or when the wings are shut 
A-B1SE'MENT, n. The act of humbling or bringing low ; 
also a state of being brought low. — Syn. Depression; hu- 
miliation; degradation 
A-BASH', v. t. [Heb. £>*,::.] To make the spirits to fail ; to 
cast down the countenance ; to make ashamed, as by ex- 
citing suddenly a consciousness of guilt, error, inferiority, 
<fec. — Syn. To confuse ; confound; disconcert; shame 
A-BASH'.BD (a-bashf), pp. Confused with shame ; cim- 

founded ; put to silence : followed by at. 
A-BASHTNG. ppr. Putting to shame or confusion. 
A-BASH'MENT, n. Confusion from shame. 
A-BaS'LNG, ppr. Humbling; depressing; bringing low. 
A-BAS'SI, \n. A silver coin of Persia, of the va T ue <A 
A-BAS'SIS, ) twenty cent*. 
A-BaTA-BLE, a. That may or can be abated. 
A-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. abattre.] 1. To beat down ; to pull 
down ; to destroy in any manner ; as, to abate a nuisance' 



* See Sync-psis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; t Obsolete. 
MOVE, BOOK, D6VL;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J; S as Z; cH as SH; TH as in this. 
A 



ABB 



ABE 



2. To lessen ; to diminish ; to model ite ; as, to abate a de- 
mand. 3. To lessen ; to mitigate ; as, to abate pain or mis- 
ery. — Addison. 4. To overthrow ; to cause to fail ; to 
frustrate by judicial sentence ; as, to abate a writ. 5. To 
deject ; to depress ; as, to abate the soul, [obs.] 6. To de- 
duct. — Pope. 7. To cause to fail; to annul. 8. To remit; 
as, to abate a man's taxes. 
A-BaTE', v. i. 1. To decrease, or become less in strength or 
violence ; as, pain abates. 2. To fail ; to be defeated, or 
come to naught ; as, a writ abates. — 3. In law, to enter into 
a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before 
the heir or devisee takes possession. — 4 In horsemanship, 
to perform well a downward motion. A horse is said to 
abate, or take down his curvets, when, working upon cur- 
vets, he puts both his hind legs to the ground at once, and 
observes the same exactness in all the times. — Syn. To sub- 
side ; decrease ; intermit ; decline ; diminish ; lessen. 

A-BaT'ED, pp. or a. Lessened ; decreased ; destroyed ; 
mitigated ; defeated ; remitted ; overthrown. 

A-BITE'MENT, n. 1. The act of abating ; the state of be- 
ing abated. 2. A removing or pulling down, as of a nui- 
sance. 3. A lessening, as of grief or pain. 4. A sum 
withdrawn, as from an account. 5. Overthrow, failure, or 
defeat, as of a writ. 6. The entry of a stranger into a free- 
hold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir 
or devisee. — 7. In heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of 
arms, by which its dignity is debased for some stain on the 
character of the wearer. — Syn. Decrease ; lessening ; de- 
cline ; mitigation ; reduction ; subsidence ; diminution ; 
discount; deduction. 

A-BXT'ER, n. The person or thing that abates. 

A-BaTTNG, ppr. Pulling down; diminishing; defeating; re- 
mitting. 

A-BIT'OR, n. A person who enters into a freehold on the 
death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. 

ABA-TIS, }n. [Fr.] Rubbish.— In fortification, piles of 

AB'AT-TIS, > trees, or branches of trees sharpened, and 
laid with the points outward, in front of ramparts, to pre- 
vent assailants from mounting the walls. 

A-BA T- TOIR (a-bat-wor 7 ), n. [Fr.] A place for slaughtering 
beasts without the walls of French cities. 

f AB'A-TUDE, n. Any thing diminished. 

AB'A-TURE, n. [from abate.] Grass beaten or trampled 
down by a stag in passing. — Diet. 

A-BAUM', n. A species of red clay. [Not in use.] 

AB-AW'ET) (ab-awd'), pp. Abashed.— Qliaucer. [Obs.] 

ABB, n. [Sax. ab or ob.] Among weavers, yarn for the warp. 
— Encyc. 

AB'BA, n. In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figura- 
tively, a superior. 

AB'BA-CY, n. [Low Lat. abbatia.] The dignity, rights, and 
privileges of an abbot. 

t!II'Tl€ L AL, } * Belonging to an «***• 

AB'BE (abhy), n. [from abba.] In a monastic sense, the same 
as abbot ; but more generally the title of a class of persons 
once very numerous in Roman Catholic, countries, espe- 
cially in France, who had but little connection with the 
church, except in name, and who acted as tutors, editors, 
&c. Some of them were distinguished for literary ability. 

AB'BESS, n. [from abba.] A female superior or governess 
of a nunnery, or convent of nuns. See Abbey. 

AB'BEY (aMry), n. ; pi. Abbeys, [from abba.] A monastery 
or society of persons, of either sex, secluded from the 
world, and devoted to .religion. The males -are called 
monks, and are governed by an abbot ; the females are called 
nuns, and are governed by an abbess. 

ABT&EY-LUB-BER, n. A name given to monks, in con- 
tempt for then- idleness. 

AB'BOT, n. [formerly abbat. from abba, Latinized abbas.] The 
superior, or governor, of an abbey or monastery. — Encyc. 

AB'BOT-SHIP. n. The state of an abbot. 

AB-BRe'VI-aTE, v. t. [It. abbreviare.] 1. To shorten; to 
make shorter by contracting the parts. 2. To shorten; to 
abridge by the omission or defalcation of a part; to reduce 
to a smaller compass ; as, to abbreviate a writing. — 3. In 
mathematics, to reduce fractions to lower terms. 

\ AB-BRe'VLATE, n. An abridgment— Elyot. 

AB-BRe'VI- a-TED, pp. or a. Shortened ; reduced to lower 
terms; abridged. 

AB-BRe'VI- a-TING, ppr. Shortening ; contracting in length ; 
reducing to lower terms. 

AB-BRE-VI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of shortening or con- 
tracting. 2. A letter, or a few letters, used for a word ; as, 
Gen. for Genesis. 3. The reduction of fractions to lower 
terms. — 4. In music, one dash, or more, through the stem 
of a note, distinguishing it as a quaver, semiquaver, or 
demisemiquaver. 
AB-BRe'VI-a-TOR, n. One who abridges or reduces to a 

smaller compass. 
AB-BRe'VI-a-TORS, n. pi. A college of seventy-two per- 
sons, assistants in the chancery of Rome. 
AB-BR-E'VI-A-TO-RY, a. Shortening ; contracting. 



AB-BR.£'VI-A-TURE, n. A letter or character for shorten- 
ing; an abridgment; a compend. 
A, B, C. The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the 
whole alphabet. Abe-book, a little book for teaching the 
elements of reading 
AB'DALS, n. pi. Religious fanatics, in seme Mohammedan 
countries, who run through the streets, attempting to kill 
all of a different religion. 
AB'DE-RlTE, n. An inhabitant of Abdera.— Whitdker. 
AB'DEST, n. Purification by washing ; a Mohammedan rite. 
AB'DI-OANT, a. Abdicating ; renouncing. 
AB'DI-€aTE, v. t. [Lat. abdico.] 1. In a general sense, Xa 
leave or abandon. 2. To abandon an office or trust, with- 
out a formal resignation to those who conferred it, or 
without their consent ; also, to abandon a throne, without 
a formal surrender of the crown. — Blackstone. 3. To re- 
ject ; to renounce ; to abandon as a right. — 4. In the civil 
law, to disclaim a son, and expel him from the family, as 
a father ; to disinherit during the life of the father. — Syn. 
To give up ; quit ; vacate ; relinquish ; forsake ; abandon , 
resign ; renounce ; desert. 
AB'DI-GaTE, v. i. To renounce ; to abandon ; to cast off ; 

to relinquish, as a right, power, or trust. — Burke. 
AB'DI-G A-TED, pp. or a. Renounced ; relinquished without 

a formal resignation ; abandoned. 
AB'DI-€ A-TING, ppr. Relinquishing without a formal resig- 
nation^ abandoning. 
AB-DI-€ a'TION, n. 1. The act of abdicating ; the abandon- 
ing of an office or trust, without a formal surrender. 2. A 
casting off; rejection. 
* AB'DI-€I-TlVE, ? „ . ■ , ■ , ,. , 

AB-DI€'A-TIVE \ °" Causm S or im ph/ing abdication. 
AB'DI-TIVE, a. [L. abdo.] Having the power or quality oi 

hiding. [Little used.] 
AB'DI-TO-RY, n. A place for secreting or preserving goods. 
*AB-Do'MEN, or AB'DO-MEN, n. [L. perhaps abdo and 
omentum.] 1. The lower belly, or that part of the body 
which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pel- 
vis. — 2. In insects, the part of the body posterior to the 
corselet. 
AB-DOM'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to the lower belly. 
AB-DOMTN-AL, n. ; pi. Abdominals. In ichthyology, the 
abdominals are a class of fish, whose ventral fins are placed 
behind the pectoral, and which belong to the division of 
bony fish. 
AB-DOM'IN-AL RING, \n. An oblong, tendinous ring in 
IN"GUIN-AL RING, J each groin. 
AB-DOM'IN-OUS, a. Pertaining to the abdomen; having a 

large belly. — Cowper. 
AB-DuCE', v. t. [L. abduco.] To draw from; to withdraw, 

or draw to a different part ; used chiefly in anatomy. 
AB-Du'CENT, a. Drawingfrom ; pulling back ; used of those 
muscles which pull back certain parts of the body, for sep- 
arating, opening, or bending them. 
AB-DU€T', v. t. To take away surreptitiously and by force. 
AB-DU€'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of drawing 
apart, or carrying away. — 2. In surgery, a species of frac- 
ture, in whicU the broken parts recede from each other. — 
3. In logic, a kind of argumentation, called by the Greeks 
apagoge. in which the major is evident, but the minor is 
not so clear as not to require further proof. — 4. In law, the 
taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, a wife, &c, 
either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence. 
AB-DU€'TOR, n. 1. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to 
withdraw or pull back a certain part of the body. 2. A 
person guilty of abduction, 
t A -BE IR/ (a-bare'), v. t. [Sax. abceran.] To bear ; to be- 
have. — Spenser. 
A-BEaR'ANCE, n. [from abear.] Behavior ; demeanor. 
A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, to. [a word formed from the first four 
letters of the alphabet.] One who teaches the letters of 
the alphabet, or a learner of the letters. 
A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, I a. Pertaining to, or formed by the let- 
A-BE-Ce'DA-RY, J ters of the alphabet. 
A-BED', adv. On or in bed. 
A-BeLE', > . . •:,- • -.,, 

a'BEL-TREE I n ' name oi the white poplar. 
A-BeL'IANS, } n, pi. In church history, a sect of pr^- 

AB-E-Lo'NI-ANS, \ tended followers of Abel, who, though 
A'BEL-lTES, ) married, lived in continence. 
a'BEL-MOSK, n. A trivial name of a species of hibiscus, o? 

Syrian mallow. 
A'BER, n. In Celtic, the mouth of a river. 
A-BER'DE- VINE, n. A bird allied to the goldfinch ; the Eu 

ropean siskin. 
AB-ER'RANCE, 1 n. [L. aberrans.] A wandering or devi 
AB-ER'RAN-CY, $ ating from the right way ; an errsT oi 

mistake ; a fault ; a deviation from rectitude. 
AB-ER'RANT, a, Wandering; ; straying from the right way 
AB-ER-RI'TION, n. [L. aberratio.] 1. The act of Wander- 
ing from the right way ; deviation or departure from truth 
or moral rectitude ; deviation from a straight line. — 2. Ip 
astronomy, a small apparent motion of the fixed stars, occa- 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, 1 &c, short.— F AR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



ABI 



AGO 



sioned by the progressive motion of light and the earth's 
annual motion in its orbit. — 3. In optics, a deviation in the 
rays of light, when inflected by a lens or speculum. — 
Crown of aberration, a luminous circle surrounding the 
disk of the sun, depending on the aberration of its rays. 

AB-ER'RING, part. a. Wandering ; going astray. 

\ AB-ER-RUNG'aTE, v. t. |L. averrunco.] To pull up by the 
roots ; to extirpate utterly. 

A- BET', v. t. [Sax. betan, gebetan.) 1. To give encourage- 
ment by aid or countenance ; now used chiefly in a bad 
sense. — 2. In law, to counsel, incite, or assist in a criminal 
act. — Syn, To aid ; assist ; support ; encourage ; sustain ; 
back ; connive at. 

f A-BET, n. The act of aiding in a crime. 

A-BET'MENT, n. The act of abetting. 

A-BET'TED, pp. Incited, aided, or encouraged to a crime. 

A-BET'TING, ppr. Counseling, aiding, or encouraging to a 
crime. 

A-BETTOR, n. One who abets, or incites, aids, or encour- 
ages another to commit a crime. 

AB-E-VA€-U-a'TION, n. [ab and evacuation.] In medicine, 
a partial evacuation of morbid humors of the body, either 
by nature or art. 

A-BEY'ANCE (a-bay'ance), n. [Norm, abbaiaunce, or abaiz- 
ance.] 1. In expectation or contemplation of law. The 
fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is in abey- 
ance when there is no person in being in whom it can vest, 
though ready to vest when the owner shall appear. 2. The 
term is also used in a wider sense, to denote a state of sus- 
pension or temporary extinction. — Eclectic Rev. 

\ AB'GRE-GaTE, v. t. To separate from a herd or flock. 

f AB-GRE-Ga'TION, n. A separation from a herd or flock. 

AB-HOR', v. t. [L. abhorreo.] 1. To hate extremely, or with 
contempt ; to loathe, detest, or abominate. 2. To despise 
or neglect. 3. To cast off or reject. 

AB-HORTLED (ab-hordO.^p.ora. Hated extremely; detested. 

AB-HOR'RENCE, \n. Extreme hatred ; detestation; great 

AB-HOR'REN-CY, 5 aversion. 

AB-HOR'RENT, a. 1. Hating ; detesting ; struck with ab- 
horrence. 2. Contrary ; odious ; inconsistent with ; ex- 
pressive of extreme opposition ; followed by to, not from. 

AB-HOR'RENT-LY, adv. With abhorrence. 

AB-HOR'RER, n. One who abhors. 

AB-HOR'RING, ppr. Having great aversion ; detesting. As 
a noun, it is used in Isaiah, lxvi., for the object of hatred ; 
as, " At abhorring to all flesh." 

i'BIB, n. 'Heb. iJS>\] The first month of the Jewish ecclesi- 
astical year, called also Nisan. It begins at the spring 
equinox, and answers to the latter part of March and be- 
ginning of April. 

A-BlDE', v. i. ; pret. and pp. abode. [Sax. bidan, abidan.] 1. 
To rest or dwell. 2. To stay for a time ; to reside. 3. To 
continue permanently, or in the same state ; to be firm and 
immovable. 4. To remain ; to continue. 

A-BlDE', v. t. 1. To wait for ; to be prepared for ; to await ; 
as, afflictions abide me. 2. To endure or sustain ; as, to 
abide the anger of the Lord. 3. To bear or endure ; to bear 
patiently. 

A-BlD'ER, n. One who dwells or continues ; a resident. 

A-BlD'ING, ppr. 1. Dwelling ; remaining ; continuing ; en- 
during; awaiting. 2. a. Permanent. 

A-BlD'ING, n. Continuance ; fixed state ; residence ; an en- 
during. 

A-BlD'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to continue ; permanently. 

t A-BIL'I-MENT, n. Formerly used for ability. 

A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. habilete.] 1. Physical power, whether 
bodily or mental, natural or acquired; force of under- 
standing ; skifl in arts or science. In the plural, abilities 
is much used for the faculties of the mind. 2. Riches ; 
wealth; substance. 3. Moral power, depending on the 
will — a metaphysical and theological sense. 4. Civil or le- 
gal power ; the power or right to do certain things. It is 
opposed to disability. Cyc. — Syn. Capacity ; talent ; fac- 
ulty ; capability ; efficiency ; aptitude ; aptness ; address ; 
dexterity; skill. 

AB IN-FTI-0 (ab in-ish'e-o). [L.] From the beginning. 

AB-IN-TESTATE, a. [L. ab and intestatus.] In the civil law, 
inheriting the estate of one dying without a will. 

f- AB-JECT', v. t. To throw away ; to cast down.— Spenser. 

AB JE€T, a. [L. abjectus.] 1. Sunk to a low condition. 2. 
Low in estimation ; without hope or regard. — Syn. Mean; 
base; worthless; low; groveling; debased; despicable. 

AB'JECT, n. A person in the lowest condition, and despica- 
ble ; a wretch. — Ps. xxxv. 



«lB-JE€TED-NESS, n. A low or despicable condition. 

1B-JECTION, n. A state of being cast away ; hence, a low 
state ; meanness of spirit ; baseness. 

U5'JE€T-LY, adv. In a contemptible manner; meanly; ser- 
vilely; basely. 

4.F JECT-NESS, n. The state of being abject ; meanness ; 
servility. 

AB-Ju'DI-GI-TED, pp. or a. Given by judgment from one I A-Bo ARD', prep. On board ; in 
to another. — Knowles. I t A-BoD'ANCE, n. An omen. 



AB-Ju-DI-€l'TION, n. Rejection. 

AB-JU-Ri' TION, n. 1. The act of abjuring ; a renunciation 

upon oath. 2. A rejection or denial with solemnity; a 

solemn renunciation. 
AB-Ju'RA-TO-RY, a. Containing abjuration. 
AB-JuRE', v. t. [L. abjuro.] 1. To renounce upon oath; to 

abandon. 2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to 

reject. 3. To banish, [not used.] — Syn. To forswear; 

renounce; retract; recall; recant; revoke, 
t AB-JuRE', v. i. To abjure the realm. — Burnet. 
AB-JuR'.ED (ab-jurd'), pp. Renounced upon oath ; solemnly 

t AB-JuRE'MENT, n. Renunciation.— J. Hall. 

AB-JuR'ER, n. One who abjures. 

AB-JuR'ING, ppr. Renouncing upon oath ; disclaiming with 
solemnity. 

AB-LAG'TaTE, v. t. [L. ablacto.] To wean from the breast. 

AB-LAC-T A'TION, n. 1. In medical authors, the weaning of 
a child from the breast. — 2. Among ancient gardeners, a 
method of grafting, now called grafting by approach, or 
inarching. 

AB-LAQ-UE-a'TION, n. [L. ablaqucatio.] A laying bare the 
roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. 

AB-L a'TION, n. [L. ab and latio.] 1. A carrying away. — 2. In 
medicine, the taking from the body whatever is hurtful: 
evacuations in general. — 3. In chemistry, the removal of 
whatever is finished, or no longer necessary. 

AB'L A-TlVE, a. or n. [L. ablativus.] A word applied to the 
sixth case of nouns in the Latin language. 

A-BLaZE', adv. On fire ; in a blaze. — Milman. 

a'BJjE, a. [L. habilis; Norm, ablez.] 1. Having physical 
power sufficient; having competent power or strength, 
bodily or mental. 2. Having strong or unusual powers of 
mind, or intellectual qualifications ; as, an able minister. 
3. Having large or competent property ; or simply having 
property, or means. 4. Having competent strength or 
fortitude. 5. Having sufficient knowledge or skill ; as, able 
to instruct. 6. Having competent legal power ; as, a for- 
eigner is not able to hold real estate. — Syn. Capable ; com- 
petent; powerful; strong; efficient; effective; skillful; 
oualified; clever. 

tA'BLE, v. t. To enable. "I'll able them."— Shah. 

A/BLE-BOD-I.ED, a. Having a sound, strong body. An able- 
bodied seaman is one who has skill as well as strength. 

t AB'LE-GaTE, v. t. [L. ablego.] To send abroad. 

t AB-LE-Ga'TION, n. The act of sending abroad. 

AB'LEN 7 

AB'LET' \ n ' A sma11 fresh-water fish, the bieak. 

A'BLE-NESS, n. Ability of body or mind; force : vigoi. 

AB'LEP-SY, n. [Gr. aSXe^ia.] Want of sisht ; blindness. 

t AB'LI-GaTE, v. t. [L. abligo.] To tie up'from. 

t AB-LI-GU-Rl"TION, n. [L. abliguritio.\ Prodigal expense 
on meat and drink. 

AB'LO-G aTE, v. t. [L. ahloco.] To let out ; to lease. 

AB-L O-C a'TION, n. A letting to lure. 

t AB-LuDE', v. i. [L. abludo.) To be unlike ; to differ 

AB'LU-ENT, a. [L. abluo.] Washing clean ; cleansing by 
water or liquids. 

AB'LU-ENT, n. In medicine, that which thins, purifies, or 
swe_etens the blood. — Qjiincy. 

AB-Lu'TION, n. [L. ablutio.] 1. In a general sense, the act 
of washing; a cleansing or purification by water. 2. Ap- 
propriately, the washing of the body as a preparation for 
religious duties. — 3. In chemistry, the purification of bodies 
by the affusion of a proper liquor, as water to dissolve 
salts. — 4. In medicine, the washing of the body externally, as 
by baths ; or internally, by diluting fluids.— 5. Pope has 
used ablution for the water used in cleansing. 6. In the 
Roman Catholic Church, a small quantity of wine and water, 
which is used to wash the chalice and the priest's fingers 
alter communion, and is then drunk by the priest. 

AB-Lu'VI-ON, n. [L. abluo.) That which is washed off. 

A'BLY, adv. In an able manner ; with great ability. 

AB'NE-GATE, v. t. To deny. 

AB-NE-GI'TION, n. [L. abnego.] 
self-denial. 

AB'NE-Ga-TOR, n. One who denies, renounces, or opposes 
any thing. — Sandijs. . 

AB'NET, n. The girdle of a Jewish pnest. 

AB'NO-DaTE, v. t. To cut knots from trees. 

AB-NO-D a'TION, n. [L. abnodo.] The act of cutting away 
the knots of trees. 

AB-NORM'AL. \a- [ L - abnormis.] 1. Not conformed to 

AB-NORM'OUS, 5 ra ^ e I irregular ; deformed. — 2. In bot- 
any, when the organs of a plant have a greater or less 
number of parts than the regular number, they axe said to 
be abnormal.— Brande. 

AB-NORM'I-TY, n. Irregularity ; deformity. 

A-B5ARD', adv. [a for on, and board.] Within a ship, vessel, 
or boat. — To go aboard, to enter a ship ; to embark. — To 
fall aboard, to strike a ship's side. 

with. 



A denial ; a renunciation 



I»oVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— G as K , 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ABO 



ABR 



A-BoDE', pret. of abide. 

A-BoDE', n. 1. The act of continuing In a place for a longer 
or shorter time. 2. A place of continuance. 3. To make 
abode, to dwell or reside. — Syn. Stay ; continuance ; resi- 
dence ; dwelling ; habitation ; domicile. 
A-BoDE', v. t. To foreshow. — Shah 
A-BoDE', v. i. To be an omen. — Dryden. 
A-BoDE'MENT, n. A secret anticipation of something fu- 
ture. — Shah. 
A-BoDTNG, n. Presentiment ; prognostication. 
AB-O-LETE', a. [L.abolitus.] Old; out of use. 
A-BOL'ISH, v. t. [Fr. abolir.] 1. To make void; applied 
chiefly and appropriately to established laws, contracts, 
rites, customs, and institutions ; as, to abolish laws by a 
repeal. 2. To destroy, or put an end to ; as, to abolish 
idols. — Isa., ii. So, also, to abolish death. — 2 Tim., i. This 
sense is not common. — Syn. To abrogate ; annul ; do 
away ; set aside ; revoke ; repeal ; cancel ; annihilate. 
A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated, or 

destroyed. 
A-BOL'ISHED (a-bol'isht), pp. Annulled; repealed; abro- 
gated, or destroyed. 
A-BOL'ISH-ER, n. One who abolishes. 
A-BOL'ISH-ING, ppr. Making void ; annulling ; destroying. 
A-BOL'ISH-MENT, n. The act of annulling; abrogation; 

destruction. — Hooker. 
AB-0-Li"TION (ab-o-lish'un), n. 1. The act of abolishing ; 
or the state of being abolished ; an annulling ; abrogation ; 
utter destruction. 2. The putting an end to slavery; 
emancipation. 
AB-0-Li"TION-ISM, n. The principles of an abolitionist. 
AB-O-Li'TION-IST, n. One who is desirous to abolish any 

thing, especially slavery. 
A-BOL'LA, n. [L.] An ancient military garment. 
AB-O-Ma'SUM, ) n. [L. omasum.) The fourth stomach of a 
AB-O-Ma'SUS, 3 ruminant animal ; the maw. 
A-BOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Awakening hatred, or strong disgust ; 
odious to the mind or senses. — Syn. Loathsome ; detest- 
able ; execrable ; odious ; hateful ; revolting. 
A-BOM'IN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 

very odious : hatefulness. 
A-BOM'IN-A-BLY, adv. 1. Very odiously ; detestably ; sin- 
fully. — 2. In vulgar language, extremely ; excessively. 
A-BOM'LN-iTE, v. t. [L. abomino.] To hate extremely ; to 

abhor ; to detest ; to loathe. 
A-BOM'IN-I-TED, pp. Hated utterly ; detested ; abhorred. 
A-BOM'IN-a-TING, ppr. Abhorring; hating extremely. 
A-BOM-IN-a'TION, n. 1. Extreme hatred.— Swift. 2*. The 
object of detestation ; a common signification in Scripture. 
3. Hence, defilement and pollution, in a physical sense, or 
evil doctrines and practices, which are moral defilements, 
idols, and idolatry, are called abominations. Whatever is 
an object of extreme hatred is called an abomination. — 
Svn. Detestation ; loathing ; disgust; aversion; loathsome- 
ness; odiousness. 
A-BoBD', n. [Fr.] Literally, arrival ; but used for first ap- 
pearance, manner of accosting, or address ; but not an 
English word. — Chesterfield. 
f A-BoRD'. v. t. To approach ; to accost. 
AB-O-RIG'IN-AL, a. [L. ab and origo.] First ; original. Ab- 
original people are the first inhabitants of a country. 
AB-O-RIG'IN-AL, n. An original inhabitant. The first settlers 

in a country are called aboriginals. 
AB-O-RIg'IN-eS, n. pi. The first inhabitants of a country. 
[This word is not regularly formed, but has become gen- 
erally prevalent] 
t A-BORSE'MENT, n. Abortion, 
t A-BORT, v. i. [L. aborto.] To miscarry in birth, 
t A-BORT, n. An abortion.— Burton. 

A-BOR'TION, n. [L. abortio.] 1. The act of miscarrying, or 
producing young before the natural time. 2. The fetus 
brought forth before it is perfectly formed.— 3. In a fig- 
urative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to 
maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress. 
A-BORT'IVE, a. 1. Brought forth in an immature state ; 
failing, or coming to naught, before it is complete. 2. 
Failing in its effect ; miscarrying ; producing nothing ; as, 
an abortive scheme. 3. Producing nothing ; as, " an abor- 
tive gulf." — Milton, [not regular.] 4. Pertaining to abor- 
tion. — 5. In medicine, procuring abortion ; as, abortive medi- 
cines. Parr. — 6. In botany, an abortive flower is one which 
falls without producing fruit. Tins term is also applied to 
parti imperfectly formed ; as, an abortive stamen ; or to 
such as do not arrive at perfect maturity, as a seed unim- 
pregnated^-SYN. Immature; untimely; unsuccessful. 
A-BORT'iVE, n. That which is brought forth or born pre- 
maturely. 
A-BORT'I VE-LY, adv. Immaturely ; in an untimely manner. 
A-BORT'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being abortive ; a fail- 
ing in the progress to perfection or maturity ; a failure of 
producing the intended effect. 
A-BDRT MENT, n. An untimely birth.— Bacon. 
A-BOUND', v. i. [L. abundo.) 1. To have or possess in great 



quantity; to be copiously supplied; followed by with or 
in. 2. To be in great plenty ; to be very prevalent. 

A-BOUND'ING, ppr. or a. Having in great plenty ; being in 
great plenty ; being very prevalent. 

A-BOUND'ING, n. Increase.— South. 

A-BOUT, prep. [Sax. abutan.] 1. Around ; on the exterior 
part or surface ; as, about the head. 2. Near to in plM.ce ; 
as, about the town. 3. Near to in time ; as, about the sixth 
hour. 4. Near to in action, or near to the performance of 
some act ; as, about to depart. 5. Near to the pen-son ; ap- 
pended to the clothes ; as, I have it about me. 6. Con- 
cerned in ; engaged in ; relating to ; respecting ; as, about 
my father's business. 7. In compass or circumference : 
as, two yards about the trunk. 8. Near to in number^ 
as, about three thousand souls. 

A-BOUT, adv. 1. Near to in quantity or degree ; as, aboui 
as high, or as cold. 2. Here and there ; around ; in one- 
place and another. 3. Round, or the longest way, opposed 
to across, or the shortest way ; as, a mile about, and half ? 
mile across. 

A-B6VE', prep. [Sax. abufan,] 1. Literally, higher in place 

2. Figuratively, superior in any respect. 3. More in num 
ber or quantity. 4. More in degree ; in a greater degree 
5. Beyond; in excess. 6. Beyond; in a state to be unat 
tainable; as, things above comprehension. 7. Too proud 
for ; as, above taking advice. 8. Too elevated in mind oi 
rank; having too much dignity for; as, above an act oi 
meanness. 9. It is often used, elliptically, for heaven, oi 
the celestial regions. 10. In a book or writing, it denotes 
before, or in a former place ; as, what has been said above , 
supra. 

A-B6VE', adv. 1. Overhead ; in a higher place. 2. Before 

3. Chief in rank or power. — Above all is elliptical ; above 
all considerations ; chiefly ; in preference to other things 

A-BdVE'-BoARD, adv. Above the board or table ; in open 
sight ; -without trick, concealment, or deception. 

A-B6 VE'-ClT-ED, a. Cited before, in the preceding part of 
a book or writing. 

A-B6VE'-GROUND, a. Alive ; not buried. 

A-BoVE'-MEN-TIONED, a. Mentioned before. 

A-B6 VE'-SAID (a-buv'-sed), a. Mentioned or recited before. 

AB O'VO US'QUE AD MA'LA, from the egg to the ap- 
ples ; i. e., from the beginning of a B,oman meal to its end 
Hence, from the beginning of any thing to its end. 

ABP. Abbreviation for Archbishop. 

AB-RA-€A-DAB'RA, n. The name of a Syrian deity; a 
word formerly supposed, when written triangularly and 
worn round the neck, to avert disease. 

AB-RaDE', v. t. [L. abrado.] To rub or wear off; to waste 
by friction ; used especially to express the action of sharp 
corrosive medicines. 

AB-RaD'ED, pp. Rubbed or worn off; worn ; scraped. 

AB-RaD'ING, ppr. Rubbing off; wearing. 

AB-RaDTNG, n. In agriculture, the crumbling down of 
banks of earth, from the effects of frost, or of the alternate 
action of drought and moisture. — Brands. 

A-BRA-HAM'IC, a. Pertaining to Abraham. 

Abraham men, formerly, were impostors, in England, who 
wandered about the country personating lunacy. — To sham 
Abraham, to feign sickness. — Goldsmith. 

t A-BRaID', v. t. To arouse ; to awake. 

A-BRAN-GHI-AN, n. > Terms applied to animals having no 

A-BRAN€H'I-A, n. pi. 5 branchias or gills, as leeches. 

AB-RA'SION (ab-ra'-zhun), n. The act of wearing or rubbing 
oft'; also, siibstance worn off by attrition. 

A-BREAST (a-bresf ), adv. [from a and breast.} Side by side, 
with the breasts in a line ; opposite. 

AB-RE-NnN-CI-I'TION, n. Renunciation; absolute denial. 

AB-REP'TION, n. [L. abripio.] A carrying away ; or state 
of being seized and carried away. 

A-BREU-VOIR (a-bru-vwoiO, n. [Fr.] 1. A watering place. 
2. The joint between stones, to be filled up with mortar. 

A-BRDDGE' (a-bridj'), v. t. [Fr. abreger.] 1. To make short- 
er ; to contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the 
sense in substance ; used of writings. 2. To bring within 
narrower limits ; as, to abridge labor. 3. To cut off from ; 
followed by of; as, to abridge one of his rights. — 4. In al- 
gebra, to reduce a compound quantity or equation to its 
more simple expression. — Syn. To shorten ; abbreviate ; 
contract; abstract ; epitomize ; condense ; compress ; re 
trench ; reduce ; curtail ; diminish ; cut short ; confine. 

A-BRIDG'ED (a-bridjdO, pp. or a. Made shorter ; epitomized, 
reduced to a smaller compass ; lessened ; deprived. 

A-BRIDg'ER, n. One who abridges or makes a compend. 

A-BRIDgTNG, ppr. Shortening; lessening; depriving. 

A-BRIDG'MENT, n. 1. An epitome; acompend, or summary 
of a book. 2. A cutting off; as, an abridgment of expens- 
es or enjoyments. — Syn Diminution; reduction; con 
traction ; deprivation ; restraint 

A-BR5ACH,' adv. Broached ; letting out or yielding liquor, 
or in a posture for letting out ; as, a cask is abroach. Fig- 
uratively used by Shakspeare for setting loose, or in a state 
of being diffused ; as, to " set mischief abroach." 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fec, long.— a, E, *, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5VE, BOOK, 



ABS 



ABS 



A BROAD' (a-brawd/), adv. 1. At large ; widely ; not con- 
fined to narrow limits. 2. In the open air. 3. Beyond or 
out of the walls of a house. 4. Beyond the bounds of a 
country; in foreign countries. 5. Extensively; before 
the public at large. 6. Widely ; with expansion ; as, a 
tree spreads its branches abroad. 

AB'RO-GA-BLE, a. That may be abrogated. 

AB'RO-GaTE, v. t. [L. abrogo.] To abolish by the authority 
of the maker or his successor ; applied to the repeal of 
laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of established cus- 
toms, &c. — Syn. To repeal ; annul ; set aside ; rescind ; 
revoke £ abolish ; cancel. 

AB'RO-Ga-TED, pp. Repealed ; annulled by an act of au- 
thority. 

ABRO-GX-TING.^pr. Repealing by authority ; making void. 

AB-RO-GaTION, n. The act of abrogating ; a repeal by au- 
thority of the legislative power ; revocation. 

\ A-BROOD', adv. In the act of brooding. 

f A-BROODTNG, n. A sitting abrood.— Barret. 

\ A-BROOK', v. t. To brook ; to endure. — Shak. See Brook. 

A-BROPA-NOID, n. [Gr. afyorovav, and eiSo?, form.] A 
species of coral belonging to the genus madrepora. It is 
one of the reef-corals in the East Indies. 

A-BROTA-NUM, n. [Gr. aCporovov.] A species of evergreen 
plant, called also southern-wood. 

AB-RUPT', a. [L. abruptus.] 1. Literally, broken off, or 
broken short 2. Steep ; craggy ; applied to rocks, preci- 
pices, and the like. 3. Figuratively, without notice to pre- 
pare the mind for the event. 4. Unconnected; having 
sudden transitions from one subject to another. — 5. In bot- 
any, terminating abruptly, without a tapering point, or 
without a leaflet. Brande. — Syn. Sudden; unexpected; 
hasty ; rough ; blunt ; disconnected ; broken. 

AB-RUPT', n. A chasm or gulf with steep sides. " Over the 
vast abrupt." — Milton. 

AB-RUPT'ED, a. Torn off; torn asunder. 

AB-RUP'TION, n. A sudden breaking off; a violent separa- 
tion of bodies. 

AB-RUPTL Y, adv. Suddenly ; without givingnotice, or with- 
out the usual forms. 

AB-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; cragged- 
ness ; steepness. 2. Figuratively, suddenness ; unceremo- 
nious haste or vehemence. 

AB'SCESS, n. [L. abscessus.] A cavity in some part of the 
body containing pus, or purulent matter, resulting from 
suppuration consequent on inflammation. 

AB-SCIND', v. t. [L. abscindo.] To cut off. 

AB'SCISS, } n, [L. abscissas.] In conies, a part of the di- 

AB-SCIS'SA, 3 ameter, or transverse axis of a conic section, 
intercepted between the vertex, or some other fixed point, 
and a semi-ordinate. 

AB-SCIS'SION (ab-sizh'un), n. 1. A cutting off, or a being 
cut off. — 2. In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or 
useless part of the body, by a sharp instrument. — 3. In 
rhetoric, an abrupt breaking off in the midst of a sentence ; 
as, " He is a man of too much honor — but I will not press 
that point." 

AB-SCOND', v. i. [L. abscondo.] 1. To retire from public 
view, or from the place in which one resides or is ordina- 
rily to be found ; to withdraw, or absent one's self in a pri- 
vate manner ; to be concealed ; appropriately used of per- 
sons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process. 2. 
To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. 

AB-S€OND'ER, n. One who withdraws from public notice, 
or conceals himself. 

AB-SCONDTNG, ppr. or a. Withdrawing privately from pub- 
he view ; withdrawing to avoid a legal process. 

AB'SENCE n. [L. absens.] 1. A state of being at a distance 
in place, or not in company. 2. Want ; destitution ; im- 
plying no previous presence ; as, in the absence of all proof 
on the subject. — 3. In law, non-appearance ; a not being in 
court to answer. 4. Heedlessness; inattention to things 
present 

AB'SENT, a. Not present ; not in company ; at such a dis- 
tance as to prevent communication. 2. Heedless ; inat- 
tentive to persons present or to subjects of conversation 
in company. — 3. In familiar language, not at home ; as, 
the master of the house is absent. 

AB-SENT, v. t. To depart to such a distance as to prevent 
intercourse ; to retire or withdraw ; to forbear to appear 
in presence ; as, to absent one's self. 

AB-SENTED, pp. Retired or withdrawn. 

AB-SENT-EE', n. One who absents himself from his country, 
post or duty. The term is applied, in political economy, 
to those wbo leave the country where their property lies, 
and spend their income in some other country. 

AB-SENT-EE'ISM, n. Absence from one's country, duty, or 
station ; applied particularly to one's leaving the country 
where his property lies, and spending its income in some 
other country. 

AB-SENTER, n. One who absents himself. 

AB-SENTTNG. ppr. Departing ; withdrawing. 

AB-SENT'MENT, n. A state of being absent.— Barrow. 



AB-SINTHI-AN, a. Of the nature of wormwood. 

AB-SIN'THI-A-TED, a. Impregnated with wormwood. 

AB-SINTHI-UM, n. [Gr. afivdiov.] The common worm- 
wood ; a bitter plant, used, as a tonic. A species of Arte- 
misia. 

AB'SIS. In astronomy. See Apsis. 

AB'SO-LUTE, a. [L. absolutus.] 1. Literally, in a general 
sense, free ; independent of any tiling extraneous. Hence, 

2. Complete in itself; positive : as, an absolute declaration. 

3. Unconditional; as, an absolute promise. 4. Existing 
independent of any other cause ; as, God is absolute. 5. 
Unlimited by extraneous power or control ; as, an absolntt 
government or prince. 6. Not relative ; as, absolute space. 
7. Pure ; unmixed ; as, absolute alcohol. Syn. Positive ; 
peremptory; certain; unconditional; arbitrary; despotic. 

AB'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Without restriction or limitation. — 
Syn. Completely; wholly; entirely; unconditionally; pos- 
itively; peremptorily. 

AB'SO-LUTE-NESS, n. 1. Independence ; completeness in 
itself. 2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to 
no extraneous restriction, or control. 

AB-SO-Lu'TION, n. 1. In the civil law, an acquittal or sen- 
tence of a judge declaring the accused person innocent — 

2. In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a 
priest in favor of a penitent — 3. Among Protestants, a 
sentence by which an excommunicated person is released 
from his liability to punishment. 

AB'SO-LuT-ISM, n. State of being absolute ; the principles 
of absolute government. 

AB'SO-LuT-IST, 7i. One who is in favor of an absolute gov- 
einment 

* AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, or AB-SOL'U-TO-RY, a. Absolving; 
that absolves. 

AB-SOLVA-TO-RY, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or re- 
lease ; having power to absolve. 

AB-SOLVE' (ab-zolv 7 ), v. t. [L. absoico.} To set free or re- 
lease from some obligation ; as, to absolve a person from a 
promise ; to absolve an offender. Hence, in the civil law, 
the word was used for acquit ; and in the canon law, for 
forgive, or remit. In ordinary language, its sense is, to set 
free or 7-efease-from an engagement. Formerly, good writ- 
ers used the word in the sense of finish, accomplish ; as, to 
absolve work, in Milton ; but, in this sense, it seems to be 
obsolete. Young has also used it for resolve or explain ; 
as, "Absolve we this 1" but this sense is rare. 

AB-SOL V'ED (ab-zolvd'), pp. Released ; acquitted ; remit- 
ted ; declared, innocent. 

AB-SOL V'ER, n. One who absolves ; also one that pronoun* 
ces sin to be remitted. 

AB-SOL Y'ING, ppr. Setting free from a debt, or charge ; ac- 
quitting; remitting. 

AB'SO-NANT, a. Wide from the purpose ; against reason. 

AB'SO-NOUS, a. [L. absonus.] Contrary to reason ; unmu 
sical or untunable. 

AB-SORB', v. t. [L. absorbeo.] 1. To drink in; to suck up, 
to imbibe; as, water absorbed by a sponge. 2. To drink 
in, swallow up, or overwhelm with water ; as, a body ab- 
sorbed in a whirlpool. 3. To waste wholly or sink in ex- 
penses ; to exhaust ; as, to absorb an estate in luxury. 4. 
To engross or engage wholly ; as, absorbed in study or the 
pursuit of wealth. 

AB-SORB-A-BIL1-TY, n. The state or quality of being ab- 
sorbable. 

AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. That may be imbibed or swallowed. 

AB-SORB'£D (ab-sorbd'), 1pp. Imbibed; swallowed; wast 

AB-SORPT', j ed; engaged; lost iB study, 

wholly engrossed. 

AB-SORB'ENT, a. Imbibing; swallowing. 

AB-SORB'ENT, n. 1. In anatomy, a vessel which imbibes, 
as the lacteals and lymphatics. — 2. In medicine, a substance 
used for absorbing the acidity in the stomach and bowels, 
as magnesia or chalk. — Dmiglison. 

AB-SORB'ING, ppr. or a. Imbibing ; engrossing ; wasting. 

AB-SORP'TION, 72, 1. The act or process of imbibing or 
swallowing; either by water which overwhelms, or by 
substances which drink in and retain liquids ; as, the ab- 
sorption of a body in a whirlpool. 2. Entire occupation of 
mind; as, absorption hi business. — 3. In physiology, the 
taking up matter by the absorbent vessels, as the lacteals, 
&c— 4. In chemistry, the conversion of a gaseous fluid into 
a liquid or solid, by union with another substance. 

AB-SORP'TIVE, a. Having power to imbibe. 

ABS' QUE HO€\ [L.J Without this or that— In law, words 
used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated. 

AB-STIIN', v. i. [L. abstineo.] In a general sense, to keep 
from, voluntarily ; but used chiefly to denote a restraint 
upon the passions or appetites. — Syn. To refrain; for- 
bear; withhold; deny one's self ; give up; relinquish. 

AB-STe'MI-OUS, a. [L. abstemius.] 1. Sparing in diet re- 
fraining from a free use of food and strong drinks. 2. 
Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind. 

3. Sparingly used, or used with temperance ; belonging to 
abstinence ; as, an abstemious diet ; an abstemious life. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ABS 



6 



ABY 



AB-ST£'M1-0US-LY, adv. Temperately ; with a sparing uSe 
of meat or drink. 

AB-STe'MI-0US-NES8, n. The quahty of being temperate 
or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. 

AB-STEN'TIGN, n. The act of restraining. 

AB-STER6E' (ab-sterj'), v. t. [L. abstergeo.] To wipe, or 
make clean by wiping ; to cleanse by means of lotions, 
&c. 

AB-STERo'ENT, a. Wiping ; cleansing. 

AB-STERG'ENT, n. A term applied to lotions for cleansing 
ulcers, &o. ; but the use of the word is nearly superseded 
by detergent, which see. 

AB-STERSIGN, n. [L. abstergeo, abstersus.] The act of 
wiping clean ; or a cleansing of ulcers, &c, by lotions. 

AB-STER'SIVE, a. Cleansing ; having the quahty of remov- 
ing foulness. 

AB'STI-NENCE, n. [L. abstinentia.] 1. In general, the act 
or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbearing 
•ciiiy action. 2. More appropriately, the refraining from an 
indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of 
animal propensities. It denotes either a total forbearance, 
as in fasting, or a forbearance of the usual quantity. 

AB'STI-NENT, a. Refraining from indulgence, especially in 
the use of food and drink. 

AB'STI-NENT-LY, adv. With abstinence. 

AB'STI-NENTS, n. pi. A sect abstaining from flesh, which 
appeared in France and Spain in the third century. 

AB-STORTED. a. Forced away. 

AB-STRACT, v. t. [L. abstraho.] 1. To draw from, or to 
separate. 2. To separate ideas by the operation of the 
mind ; to consider one part of a complex object by itself. 
3. To select or separate- the substance of a book or writ- 
ing; to epitomize or reduce to a summary. 4. To take 
secretly for one's own use a part of the property of anoth- 
er, when placed in one's power ; to purloin ; as, to abstract 
goods from a parcel, or money from a bank. — Howit, [a re- 
cent use.] 5. In chemistry, to separate ; as the more vola- 
tile parts of a substance by distillation. 

/.B'STRACT, a. [L. abstractus.] 1. Separate ; distinct from 
something else. An abstract idea, in metaphysics, is an idea 
separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which 
naturally accompany it, as the solidity of marble contem- 
plated apart from its color or figure. Abstract terms are 
ihose which express abstract ideas; as, beauty, whiteness, 
roundness, without regarding any subject in which they 
exist ; or, abstract terms are the names of orders, genera, 
or species of things, in which there is a combination of 
f imilar qualities. 2. Separate, existing in the mind only ; 
as, an abstract subject ; an abstract question ; and hence, 
difficult; abstruse. 

1. B'STRA-GT, n. 1. A summary, or epitome, containing the 
substance, a general view, or the principal heads of a trea- 
tise or writing. 2. Formerly, an extract, or a smaller quan- 
tity, containing the essence of a larger. — In the abstract, 
in a state of separation, as a subject considered in the 
abstract, i. e., without reference to particular persons or 
things; 

AB-STRAGT'ED, pp. or a. Separated ; purloined ; refined ; 
exalted ; abstruse ; absent in mind. 

AB-STRAGT'ED-LY, adv. In a separate state, or in contem- 
plation only. 

AB-STRAGTED-NESS, n. The state of being abstracted.— 
Baxter. 

AB-STRA€T'ER, n. One who makes an abstract, or sum- 
mary ; one who purloins. 

AB-STRAGTING, ppr. Separating ; purloining ; making a 
summary. 

A B-STRAGTION, n. 1. The act of separating, or state of 
being separated. 2. The operation of the mind when oc- 
cupied by abstract ideas ; as when we contemplate some 
particular part or property of a complex object, as separate 
from the rest 3. A separation from worldly objects ; a 
recluse life ; as, a hermit's abstraction. 4. Absence of 
mind ; inattention to present objects. 5. Taking for one's 
own use part of the property of another, when placed in 
one's power ; [recent usage.} 6. In the process of distilla- 
tion, the term is used to denote the separation of the vola- 
tile parts, which rise, come over, and are condensed in a 
receiver, from those which are fixed. 
AB-STRAGT'iVE, a. Having the power or quality of ab- 

AB-STRAGT'iVE, } a. Abstracted, or drawn from oth- 

AB-STRA€T-i"TIOUS, j er substances, particularly from 
vegetables, without fermentation. 

AB'STRAGT-LY, adv. Separately ; absolutely ; in a state or 
manner unconnected with any tiling else. 

AB'STRA€T-NES3, n. A separate state; a state of be- 
ing in contemplation only, or not connected with any ob- 
ject. 

\ AB-STRuDE', v. t. To thrust away. 

AB-STRuSE', a. [L. abstrusus.] Hid; concealed; hence, re- 
mote from apprehension ; difficult to be comprehended or 
understood ; opposed to what is obvious. 



AB-STRliSE'LY, adv. In a concealed manner ; obscurely 

in a manner not to be easily understood. 
AB-STRuSE'NESS, n. Obscurity of meaning ; the state oi 
quality of being difficult to be understood. 

t AB-STRu'SI-TY, n. Abstruseness.— Brown. 
t AB-SuME', v. t. [L. absumo.] To bring to an end by grad- 
ual waste, 
t AB-SUMFTION, n. Destruction. 

AB-SURD', a. [L. absurdus.] Opposed to manifest truth , 
inconsistent with reason, or the plain dictates of common 
sense. An absurd man acts contrary to the clear dictates 
of reason or sound judgment. An absurd proposition con- 
tradicts obvious truth. An absurd practice or opinion is 
repugnant to the reason or common apprehension of men, 
It is absurd to say, six and six make ten. — Syn. Foolish ; 
irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent- incon- 
gruous. 

AB-SURD'I-TY, n. 1. The quahty of being inconsistent with 
obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. Want of judg- 
ment, applied to men ; want of propriety, applied to things. 
— Johnson. 2. That which is absurd : in this sense it has a 
plural ; as, the absurdities of men. — Syn. Incongruity ; fol- 
ly ; inconsistency ; preposterousness ; self-contradiction , 
unreasonableness. 

AB-SURD'LY, adv. In a manner inconsistent with reason, 
or obvious propriety. 

AB-SURD'NESS, : n. The same as absurdity, and less used. 

A-BUND'ANCE, n. [Fr. abondance.] An overflowing quan 
tity ; ample sufficiency ; in strictness, applicable to quanti 
ty only, but sometimes used of number; as, an abund- 
ance of peasants. — Addison. It denotes also fullness ; over 
flowing; as, the abundance of the heart. Matt., xii. — Syn 
Exuberance; plenteousness ; plenty; copiousness; over- 
flow ; riches ; affluence ; wealth. 

A -BUND' ANT, a. In great quantity ; fully sufficient ; as, an 
abundant supply. — In Scripture, abounding ; having in greal 
quantity. — Syn. Plentiful; copious ; ample ; plenteous ; ex- 
uberant; overflowing; rich. 

A-BUND'ANT-LY, adv. Fully ; amply ; plentifully ; in a suf- 
ficient degree. 

t A-Bu'SA6E, n. Abuse. 

A-BuSE', v. t. [Fr. abuser.] 1. To use ill; to use with bad 
motives or to wrong purposes ; as, to abuse privileges. 2. 
To violate ; to defile by improper sexual intercourse. 3. 
To impose on ; as, to abuse the confidence of a friend. 4. 
To treat rudely, or with reproachful language. 5. To per- 
vert the meaning of; to misapply; as, to abuse words. — 
Syn. To maltreat ; injure ; deceive ; cheat ; revile ; re- 
proach; vilify. 

A-BuSE', n. 1. Ill use ; improper treatment or employment ; 
application to a wrong purpose ; as, an abuse of our natu- 
ral powers. 2. A corrupt practice or custom ; as, the 
abuses of government. 3. Rude speech ; reproachful lan- 
guage addressed to a person ; contumely ; reviling words. 
4. Violation of a female. 5. Perversion of meaning ; im- 
proper use or application ; as, an abuse of words. 

A-Bv&'ED' (a-biizd'), pp. or a. Ill used ; used to a bad pur- 
pose; treated with rude language; misemployed; per- 
verted to bad or wrong ends ; deceived ; defiled ; violated. 

t A-BuSE'FUL, a. Using or practicing abuse ; abusive. 

A-BuS'ER, n. One who abuses ; one that deceives ; a rav- 
isher. 

A-BuSTNG, ppr. Using ill ; employing to bad purposes ; de- 
ceiving ; violating the person ; perverting. 

A-Bu'SION (a-bu'zhun), n. Abuse ; evil or corrupt usage ; 
reproach ; deception. [Little used.] 

A-BuS'IVE, a. 1. Practicing abuse; offering harsh words, 
or ill treatment. 2. Containing abuse, or that is the instru 
ment of abuse ; as, abusive words. — Syn. Reproachful ; 
scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; 
offensive ; reviling. 

A-BuS'IVE-LY, adv. In an abusive manner; rudely; re- 
proachfully. 

A-BuS'iVE-NESS, n. Ill usage ; the quality of being abusive ; 
rudeness of language, or violence to the person. 

A-BUT, v. i. [Fr. aboutir.] To border upon ; to be contigu- 
ous to ; to meet ; in strictness, to adjoin to at the end. 

A-BUT'MENT, n. 1. A solid support for the extremity of a 
bridge, or of an arch, or any thing which presses outward. 
2. That which abuts or borders on another. 

A-BUT'TAL, n. The butting or boundary of land at the end 
ahead-land. Also in a more general sense, in the plural, 
the boundaries of land. — Snelman. 

AB'VO-LaTE, v. t. To fly from. 

AB-VO-LI'TION, n. The act of flying from. 

t A-BY', v. t. or i. [probably contracted from abide.] To en 
dure ; to pay dearly ; to remain. — Spenser. 

A-BYSM', (a-byzmO n. [Old Fr. ; now abime.] A gulf.— Shak 

t A-BYS'MAL, a. Pertaining to an abyss ; bottomless. 

A-BYSS' n. [Gr. a6vaaos.] A bottomless gulf ; used also fo* 
a deep mass of waters, supposed by some to have encom- 
passed the earth in the beginning. The word is also used 
for an immense cavern in the earth, in which God is sup 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, 1, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



ACC 



A CO 



posed tu have collected all the waters on the third day of 
tne creation. It is used also for hell, Erebus. 2. That 
which is immeasurable ; that in which any thing is lost ; 
as, the abyss of time. 

AB-YS SIN'I-AN, n. Pertaining to Abyssinia. 

AB-YS-SIN'I-ANS, n. pi. A sect of Christians in Abyssinia, 
who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the 
council of Chalcedon. — Encyc. 

AC, in Saxon, oak ; the initial syllable of names ; as, Acton, 
Oaktown. 

A-CI'CIA, n. [L.] 1. A genus of elegant trees and shrubs 
with pinnated leaves. From the juice of one species is 
produced the gum Arabic ; and of another, an astringent 
drug called catechu. 2. Among antiquaries, a small roll or 
bag, seen on medals, as in the hands of several emperors 
and consuls. 

A-€a'CIANS, 7i. pi In church history, certain sects holding 
that the Son was not of the same substance with the Father ; 
so denominated from Acacius. — Encyc. 
A€-A-DeME', n. An academy ; a society of persons. The 
academy, or school of Plato. 

AC-A-De'MI-AL, a. Pertaining to an academy. 

A€-A-De'MI-AN, n. A member of an academy ; a student 
in a university or college. 

A€-A-DEM'IC. > a. Belonging to an academy, or to a col- 

AC-A-DEM'IC-AL, 5 lege or university ; as, academic stud- 
ies ; also noting what belongs to the school or philosophy 
of Plato ; as, the academic sect. 

AC-A-DEM1C, n. 1. One who belonged to the school, or ad- 
hered to the philosophy, of Socrates and Plato. 2. A stu- 
dent in a college or university. — Watts. . 

AG-A-DEM'IC-AL-LY, adv. In an academical manner. 

A€-A-DE-Ml"ClAN, n. [Fr. academic ien.] A member of an 
academy, or society for promoting arts and sciences ; par- 
ticularly, a member of the French academies. 

A-€AD'E-MISM, n. The doctrine of the academic philoso- 
phy. — Baxter. 

A-€AD'E-MIST, n. A member of an academy for promoting 
arts and sciences ; also an academic philosopher. 

A-CAD'E-MY, n. [L. academia.] Originally, it is said, a gar- 
den, grove, or villa, near Athens, where Plato and his fol- 
lowers held their philosophical conferences. The school 
of Plato. 1. A school, or seminary of learning, holding a 
rank between a university or college and a common school ; 
also a school for teaching a particular art, or particular sci- 
ences ; as, a military academy. 2. A house in which the 
students or members of an academy meet ; a place of ed- 
ucation. 3. A society of men united for the promotion of 
arts and sciences, especially of the fine arts. 

A.-CAL-E/PHAN, n. } [Gr. amXi]^ a nettle.] Terms ap- 

L-€AL-E'PHA, n. pi. \ plied to a class of gelatinous, ma- 

A-CAL-E'PHiE, n. pi. ) rine, radiate animals, including the 
medusa, sea-nettle, jelly-fish, &c. [Acaleph is also used.] 

A€-A-Na'CEOUS, a. [Gr. ak-avog.] Armed with prickles. 

A-€AN'THA,7i. [Gr.aKavOa.] Inbotan7j,a-prickle.—Inzoology, 
a spine or prickly fin ; the spinous process of the vertebra?. 

A€-AN-THa'CEOUS, a. Armed with prickles, as a plant. 

A-CANTHlCE, n. The sweet juice of ivy buds.— Knowles. 

A-€AN'THiNE, a. [See Acanthus.] Pertaining to the plant 
acanthus. 

A-€AN'THO-POD, n. One of a tribe of clavicorn and cole- 
opterous insects with spiny legs. 

A-€AN-THOP-TE-RYG'l-AN, n. " One of the order of acanth- 
opterygious fishes. — Brande. 

A-€AN-THOP-TE-RY6'I-OUS, a. [Gr. axavBa *md nrepvytov.] 
In zoology, having back fins which are hard, bony, and 
prickly ; a term applied to certain fishes. 

A-€AN'THUS, n. [Gr. aKavBoc.] 1. The plant bear's breech, 
or brank ursine. — 2. In architecture, an ornament resembling 
the foliage or leaves of the acanthus. 

A-€ ANTI-CONE, n. See Pistacite. 

A-€AN'ZI-I, n. pi. The name given to light-horse in Turkey. 

A-CAR1-DAN, n. ) Terms applied to a division of arachni- 

A-CAR'I-DA, n. pi. ) dans, including the mite (acarus) and 
the tick (ricinus). 

A-€aRN'AR, n. A bright star. — Bailey. See Achernar. 

ACA-RUS, n. A tick ; a small articulated animal. 

A-CAT-A-LEC'TIC, n. [Gr. aKaraXr/Krog.] A verse which 
has the complete number of syllables. — Johnson. 

I-CATA-LEP-SY, n. [Gr. aKaraXv^ia.] Impossibility of 
complete discovery or comprehension ; incomprehensibil- 
ity. — Whitaker. 

1-€AT-A-LEP'TIG, a. Incomprehensible. 

A-Ca'TER, A-C1TES'. See Caterer and Cates. 

a-CA-THIR'SIA, n. [Gr.] 1. In medicine, impurity of the 
blood. — 2. In surgery, the filth or sordes proceeding from a 
wound 

A-CAU'LOUS, a. [L. a, priv., and caulis.] In botany, without 
the stem called caulis ; having flowers resting on the ground. 

AC-CeDE', v. i. [L. accedo.] 1. To come into a proposition, 
or to terms proposed by another. 2. To become a party, 
by agreeing to the terms of a treaty. — Syn. To agree ; as- 
sent; consent; comply; acquiesce. 



A£-CED'LSG L 2Jpr. Agreeing; assenting. 

A€-CEL'ER-ITE, v. t. [L. accelcro.] 1. To cause to move 
faster; to quicken motion; to add to the velocity of a 
moving body. 2. To add to natural or ordinary progres- 
sion ; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant. 3. To bring 
nearer in time ; to shorten the time between the present 
time and a future event. — Syn. To hasten ; expedite ; 
quicken ; dispatch ; forward ; advance ; further. 

AC-CEL'ER-a-TED, pp. or a. Quickened in motion ; hast- 
ened in progress. 

A€-CEL'ER-a-TING, ppr. Hastening; increasing velocity 
or progression. 

AC-CEL-ER-a'TION, n. The act of increasing velocity or 
progress ; the state of being quickened in motion or action. 

A€-CEL'ER-A-TlVE, a. Adding to velocity ; quickening pro- 
gression. — Reid. 

A€-CEL'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Accelerating ; quickening motion. 

t AC-CEND', v. t. [L. accendo.] To kindle ; to set on fire. 

AC-CEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being kindled, or of 
becoming inflamed. 

A€-CEND'I-BLE, a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled. 

A€-CEN'SION, n. The act of kindling or setting on fire ; or 
the state of being kindled ; inflammation. 

ACCENT, n. [L. accentus.] 1. A particular stress or force 
of voice upon certain syllables of words, which distinguish- 
es them from the others. Accent is of two kinds, primary 
and secondary, as in as'pira'tion. 2. A mark or character 
used in writing to direct the stress of the voice in pronun- 
ciation. 3. A modulation of the voice expressive of pas- 
sions or sentiments ; as, a, plaintive accent. — Prior. 4. Man- 
ner of speaking. — Shak., [obs.] — 5. Poetically, words, lan- 
guage, or expressions in general. Dryden. — 6. In music, 
either the stress laid on the accented parts of the bar, called 
grammatical accent, or the emphasis dictated by feeling, 
called oratorical accent. 7. A peculiar modulation of the 
voice ; as, a foreign accent. 

AC-CENT, v. t. To express accent ; to utter a syllable with 
a particular stress or modulation of the voice. — In poetry, 
to utter or pronounce in general. Also, to note accents by 
marks in writing. 

AC-CENTED, pp. or a. Uttered or marked with accent 

AG-CENTTNG, ppr. Pronouncing or marking with accent 

AG-CENTOR, n. In music, one that sings the leading part 

AC-CENTU-AL, a. Pertaining to accent. 

AC-CENT'U-aTE, v. t. To mark or pronounce with an ac- 
cent, or with accents. 

AC-CENTU-I-TED, pp. Marked or pronounced with an ao- 
cent. 

AC-CENTU-I-TING, ppr. Marking or pronouncing with an 
accent. 

AC-CENT-U-ITION, n. The act of placing accents in writ- 
ing, or of pronouncing them in speaking. 

AC-CEPT', v. t. [L. accepto.] 1. To take or receive what is 
offered with a consenting mind : to receive with approba- 
tion or favor. 2. To regard with partiality ; to value or 
esteem ; as, to accept the person of any one. 3. To con- 
sent or agree to ; to receive as terms of a contract; as, to 
accept a treaty ; often followed by of. — i. In commerce, to 
agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. See Ac- 
ceptance. 

* AC-CEPTA-BLE, a. 1. That may be received with pleas- 

ure ; hence pleasing to a receiver ; gratifying ; welcome. 
2. Agreeable or pleasing in person. 

* AC-CEPTA-BLE-NESS, \n. The quality of being agree- 
" AC-CEPT- A-BIL'I-TY, 5 able to a receiver. 

* AC-CEPTA-BLY, adv. In a manner to please, or give sat- 

isfaction. 

AG-CEPTANCE, n. 1. A receiving with approbation or sat- 
isfaction ; favorable reception. 2. The receiving of a bill 
of exchange, or order, in such a manner as to bind the 
accepter to make payment. 3. An agreeing to terms or 
proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded 
and the parties bound. 4. An agreeing to the act or con- 
tract of another, by some act which binds the person in 
law. — 5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange accept- 
ed; as, a merchant receives another's acceptance in pay- 
ment. 6. Formerly, the sense in which a word is under- 
stood, [obs.] Acceptation is now used. 

AC-CEPT -A'TION, n. 1. Kind reception; a receiving with 
favor or approbation. 2. A state of being acceptable ; fa- 
vorable regard. 3. The meaning or sense in which a word 
or expression is understood, or generally received. 4. Re- 
ception in general, [obs.] 

AC-CEPTED, pp. or a. Kindly received ; regarded ; agreed 
to ; understood ; received as a bill of exchange. 

AC-CEPT'ER, n. A person who accepts ; one who promises 
to pay a draft. 

t AC-CEP-TI-L a'TION, n. The remission of a debt by an ac- 
quittance from the creditor, without receiving the money 

AC-CEPT'ING, ppr. Receiving favorably ; agreeing to ; un 
derstanding ; promising to pay. 

t AC-CEPTION, n. The received sense of a word. 

t A€-CEPTiVE, o. Ready to accept— B. Jonson. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ACC 



ACC 



*A€-CESS', or ACCESS, n, [L. accessus.] 1. A coming to ; 
near approach ; admittance ; admission ; as, to gain access 
to a prince. 2. Approach, or the way by which a thing 
may be approached ; as, the access is by a neck of land. 
3. Means of approach ; liberty to approach ; implying pre- 
vious obstacles ; as, by whom we have access. 4. Admis- 
sion to sexual intercourse. 5. Addition ; increase by some- 
thing added; as, an access of territory; but accession is 
now used. 6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease. 

AG'CES-SA-RI-LY. See Accessorily. 

AC'CES-SA-RI-NESS. See Accessoriness. 

AC'CES-SA-RY. See Accessory. 

A€-CESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being approacha- 
ble, or of admitting access. 

A€-CESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be approached or reach- 
ed. 2. Easy of approach ; affable. 

AG-CESS'I-BLY, adv. So as to be accessible. 

AC-CES'SION, n. [L. accessio.] 1. A coming to ; an acced- 
ing to and joining. 2. Increase by something added ; that 
which is added ; as, an accession of territory. — 3. In law, 
a mode of acquiring property. 4. The act of arriving at 
a throne, an office, or dignity. 5. The invasion of a fit of 
a periodical disease, or fever. — Syn. Increase ; addition ; 
augmentation ; enlargement. 

A€-CES'SI_ON-AL, a. Additional. 

AC-CES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory; as, ac- 
cessorial agency, accessorial guilt.— Burr's Trial. 

AC'CES-SO-Rl-LY, adv. In the manner of an accessory ; by 
subordinate means. 

AC'CES-SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being accessory. 

AC'CES-SO-RY, a. [L. accessorius.] 1. Acceding ; contrib- 
uting ; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in subor- 
dination to the principal agent. Usually in a bad sense. 
2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a secondary manner ; 
as, accessory sounds in music. 

AC'CES-SO-RY, n. 1. In law, one who is guilty of a felony, 
not by committing the olfense in person, or as principal, 
but by advising or commanding another to commit the 
crime, or by concealing the offender. 2. That which ac- 
cedes or belongs to something else, as its principal. — Syn. 
Accomplice ; abettor; assistant; co-adjutor; ally. 

ACCI-A-e-eA-TU'RA (afche-ak-ka-tu'ra), n. In music, a 
grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is 
prefi xed. — Bran de. 

AC'CI-DENCE, n. [See Accident.] A small book, contain- 
ing the rudiments of grammar. 

AC'CI-DENT, n. [L. accidens.] 1. A coming or falling; an 
event that takes place without one's foresight or expecta- 
tion ; an event which proceeds from an unknown cause, 
or is an unusual effect of a known cause, and therefore not 
expected. 2. That which takes place or begins to exist 
without an efficient intelligent cause, and without design. — 
Dwight. 3. An unfortunate event, occurring casually, and 
involving no guilt in the parties concerned. [This is the 
most common use of the word.] 4. In logic, a property or 
quality of a being which is not essential to it ; as, whiteness 
in paper. — 5. In grammar, something belonging to a word, 
ut not essential to it ; as, gender .—6. In heraldry, a point 
or mark not essential to a coat of arms. — Syn. Chance ; 
contingency ; casualty ; misfortune. 

AC-C1-DENTAL, a. 1. Happening by chance, or rather un- 
expectedly ; casual ; fortuitous ; taking place not accord- 
ing to the usual course of things ; opposed to that which 
is constant, regular, or intended; as, an accidental visit. 
2. Non-essential ; not necessarily belonging to ; as, songs 
are accidental to a play. Accidental colors: those which 
result from some affection of the eye, and are different 
from the real colors of the object. Accidental sharps and 
fiats, or accidentals, in music, are sharps and flats prefixed 
to notes which would have been natural according to the 
signature. — Syn. Casual; fortuitous; incidental; contin- 
gent; occasional; uncertain. 

A€-CI-DENT'AL-LY, adv. By chance ; casually ; fortui- 
tously ; not essentially. 

AC-CI-DENTAL-NESS, n. The quality of being casual, 
f A€-CI-DEN'T1A-RY, a. Pertaining to the accidence. 
AC-CI-PEN'SER, n. See Acipensek. 
f AG-C1P'I-ENT, n, A receiver. 

AC-CIP'I-TER, n. [L. ad and capio.] I. A name given to a 
fish, the milvus or lucerna. — 2. In ornithology, the name of 
the order of rapacious birds. 
A€-CIP'I-TRiNE, a. Seizing ; rapacious ; as, the accipitrine 

order of birds. — Ed. Encyc. 
\ A€-CI_TE', v. t. [L. ad and cito.] To call, or summon. 
AC-€LaIM', v. t. [L. acclamo.] To applaud. [Little used.] 
AC-CLaIM', n. A shout of joy ; acclamation. 
AC-€LA-MI'TION, n. [L. acclamation 1. A shout of ap- 
plause, uttered by a multitude. — 2. In archaology, a repre- 
sentation in sculpture, or on medals, of persons express- 
ing joy. — Elmes. 
AC-CLAM'A-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy or applause by 

shouts, or clapping of hands. 
-YC-CLl'MITE, v. t. [ac for ad, and climate.] To habituate the 



body to a climate not native, so as not to le peculiarly ex- 
posed toits endemic diseases. 

AC-CLi'Ma-TED, pp. or a. Habituated to a foreign climate, 
or a climate not native. — Med. Repository. 

AG-GLI-Ma'TION, n. The process or state of becoming 
habituated to a foreign climate. 

AC-€Ll'MA-TlZE, v. t. To inure plants to a climate difler- 
ent from their natural one. — Brande. 

AG-GLl'MA-TlZED, pp. or a. Inured to a new climate, aa 
plants. 

AG-€Ll'MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Inuring to a new climate. 

AC-€Ll'MA-TORE, n. Act of acclimating, or a state of be- 
ing acclimated. — Qaldwell. 

AG-GLIVT-TY, n. [L. acclivus, acclivis.] A slope or inclina- 
tion of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as as- 
cending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending. 
Rising ground ; ascent ; the talus of a rampart. 

A€-€Ll'VOUS, a. Rising, as a hill, with a slope. 

AC-CLOY', v. t. To fill ; to stufl'; to fill to satiety. 

AC-COIL', v. i. To encircle; to gather around. 

AG-GO-L IDE', n. [L. ad and collum.] A ceremony, probably 
a blow on the neck, formerly used in conferring knighthood. 

AC'CO-LENT, n. A borderer ; one who dwells on or near 
the border of a country. 

AC-COM'MO-DA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be fitted, made 
suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.] 

A€-€OM'MO-DA-BLE-NESS, n. The capability of accom- 
modating. 

A€-€OM'MO-DaTE, v. t. [L. accommodo.] 1. To fit, adapt, 
or make suitable ; as, to accommodate ourselves to circum- 
stances. — Paley. 2. To supply with or furnish, followed 
by with. 3. To supply with conveniences ; as, to accom- 
modate a friend. 4. To reconcile things which are at va- 
riance ; as, to accommodate a difference between two friends. 
5. To show fitness or agreement ; to apply. 6. To lend to, 
a commercial sense. In an intransitive sense, to agree, to be 
conformable to, as used by Boyle, [obs.] — Syn. To suit; 
adapt ; conform ; adjust ; reconcile ; serve ; oblige ; assist ; 
aid. 

AC-COM'MO-DATE, a. Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means 
accommodate to the end. — Ray. 

AG-€OM'MO-DI-TED, pp. Fitted ; adjusted ; applied ; also, 
furnished with conveniences. 

A€-COM'MO-DATE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly. 

AG-COM'MO-DATE-NESS, n. Fitness. [Little used.] 

AC-€OM'MO-D A-TING, ppr. Adapting ; making suitable ; 
reconciling ; furnishing with conveniences ; applying. 

A€-COM'MO-D A-TING, a. Adapting one's self to ; obliging ; 
disposed to comply, and to oblige another. 

AC-GQM-MO-DITION, n. 1. Fitness ; adaptation, followed 
by to. 2. Adjustment of ditterences ; reconciliation, as of 
parties in dispute. 3. Provision of conveniences. 4. In 
the plural, conveniences ; things furnished for use ; chiefly 
applied to lodgings. — 5. In mercantile language, accommo- 
dation is used for a loan of money. In England, accoinmo- 
dation Mil is one given instead of a loan of money. — 
Orabbe. 6. It is also used of a note lent merely to accom,- 
modate the borrower. — 7. In theology, accommodation is the 
application of a passage to something not originally intend- 
ed by it, on the ground of resemblance or analogy. — Paley. 

AC-GOM'MO-DA-TIVE, a. Furnishing accommodation. 

AC-€OM'MO-Da-TOR, n. One that accommodates; one 
that adjusts. 

f AC-C6MTA-NA-BLE (-kum-), a. Sociable. 

AC-COM'PA-NIJSD, ppr. Attended by ; connected with. 

AG-G6MTA-NI-ER, n. He who accompanies. 

AC-COM'PA-NI-MENT, n. [Fr. accompagnement.] Some- 
thing that attends as a circumstance, or which is added by 
way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the sake of 
symmetry. 

AC-C6MTA-NIST, n. The performer in music who takes 
the accompanying part. — Busby. 

AC-G6MTA-NY (-kum-), v. t. [Fr. accompagner.] 1. To go 
with, or attend, as a companion. 2. To be with as con- 
nected. — Syn. To attend ; escort ; wait on ; go with. 

AC-C6MTA-NY, v. i. 1. To attend; to be an associate. 
— Bacon, [obs.] 2. To cohabit. — 3. In music, to perform 
the accompanying part in a composition. 

AC-C6MTA-NY-ING, ppr. or a. Attending ; going with as a 
companion. 

AC-€OM'PLiCE, n. [Fr. complice.] An associate in a crime ; 
a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly used in a 
good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is wholly ob- 
solete. — Syn. Abettor ; accessory ; assistant ; associate ; 
confederate ; co-adjutor. 

A€-€OM'PLfCE-SHIP, n. The state of being an accom- 
plice. — H. Taylor. 

AC-COM'PLISH, v. t. [Fr. accomplir.] 1. To complete ; to 
finish entirely ; to carry out fully. 2. To gain ; to obtain 
or effect by successful exertions ; as, to accomplish a de 
sign. 3. To fulfill or bring to pass ; as, to accomplish a 
prophecy. 4. To furnish with qualities which serve to 
render the mind or body complete. 5. To arm and equip; 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- -MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



ACC 



ACC 



as, '* The armorers accomplishing the knights." Shak. — 
Syn. To perform ; fulfill ; realize ; etfect ; effectuate ; ob- 
tain; complete; execute; achieve; perfect; equip; furnish. 

AC-COMTLISH.ED, pp. 1. Finished; completed; fulfilled; 
executed ; efl'ected. 2. a. Well endowed with good qual- 
ities and manners ; complete in acquirements ; having a 
finished education. 3. Fashionable. — Swift. 

A€-€OM'PLISH-ER, n. One who accomplishes. 

A€-€OM'PLISH-ING,£pr. Finishing; completing; fulfilling; 
executing ; effecting ; furnishing with valuable qualities. 

A€-€OM'PLISH-MENT, n. 1. Entire performance, as of a 
prophecy. 2. The act of carrying into effect, or obtaining 
an object designed. 3. Acquirement; that which consti- 
tutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquir- 
ed by education. — Syn. Completion ; fulfillment ; perfec- 
tion ; performance ; acquirement ; embellishment ; orna- 
ment; qualification. 

t AC-COMPT' (ak-kownf), n. See Account. 

f AC-COMPT' ANT (ak-kownf ant), n. See Accountant. 

AC-CORD', n. [Fr. accord.] 1. Agreement; harmony of 
minds ; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills. 2. 
Concert ; harmony of sounds , the union of different 
sounds, which is agreeable to the ear ; agreement in pitch 
and tone. 3. Agreement; just correspondence of things. 
4. Will; voluntary or spontanea is motion; used of the 
will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies, and 
preceded by own. 5. Adjustment of a difference ; recon- 
ciliation. — 6. In law, an agreement between parties in con- 
troversy. 7. Permission; leave. 

AC-CORD', v. t. 1. To grant or concede ; as, to accord due 
praise to any one. 2. To make to agree, or correspond ; 
to adjust one thing to another. — Sidney. 3. To bring to 
an agreement ; to settle, adjust, or compose. — Hall. 

AC-€OPv.D', v. i. 1. To agree ; to be in correspondence. 2. 
To agree in pitch and tone. 

AC-CORD A.-BLE, a. Agreeable ; consonant. 

AC CORD'ANCE, n. Agreement with a person ; conformity 
with a thing. — Syn. Harmony ; unison ; coincidence. 

AC-CORD'ANT, a. Corresponding; consonant; agreeable. 

AC-€ORD'ANT-LY, adv. In an accordant manner. 

A€-€ORD'ED, pp. Made to agree ; adjusted. 

AC-€ORD'ER, n. One that aids or favors. 

AC-CORDTNG, ppr. or a. (commonly, though not correctly, 
classed among prepositions). 1. Agreeing ; harmonizing. 
2. Suitable ; agreeing ; in accordance with. In these 
senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence. Our 
zeal should be according to knowledge : according, here, 
has its true participial sense, agreeing, and is followed by 
to. It is never a preposition : accordingly to, is an error. 

A€-€ORD'ING-LY, adv. Agreeably ; suitably ; in a manner 
conformable to. 

A€-€ORD'I-ON, n. [from accord.] A small keyed wind in- 
strument, whose tones are generated by the play of wind 
upon metallic reeds. 

t AC-COR'PO-RITE, v. t. To unite.— Milton. 

AC-COST', v. t. [Fr. accoster.] 1. To approach; to draw 
near ; to front, or face, \not in use.] 2. To speak first 
to ; to address ; to salute. — Milton. 

f AC-COST', v. i. To adjoin. — Spenser. [Not in use.] 

AC-COST' A-BLE, a. Easy of access ; familiar. 

AC-COSTED, pp. or a. Addressed ; first spoken to. — In her- 
aldry, being side by side. 

AC-COSTING, ppr. Addressing by first speaking to. 

AC-€oU6HE'MENT (ak-koosh'mong), n. [Fr.] Delivery in 
childbed. 

AC-CoUcH-EUR' (ak-koo-shaurO, n. [Fr.] A man who as- 
sists women in childbirth. 

AC-COUNT', n. [Fr. conte. Formerly, writers used accompt, 
from the Fr. compt.] 1. A sum stated on paper ; a regis- 
try of a debt or credit, of debts and credits, or charges ; 
an entry in a book, or on paper, of things bought or- sold, 
of payments, services, &c, including the names of the 
parties to the transaction, date, and price or value of the 
thing. 2. A computation of debts and credits, or a general 
statement of particular sums. 3. A computation or mode 
of reckoning; applied to other things than money or trade ; 
as the Julian account of time. 4. A statement of facts ; 
recital of particular transactions and events, verbal or 
written ; as, an account of the Revolution in France. 
Hence, 5. An assignment of reasons ; explanation by a re- 
cital of particular transactions ; answering for conduct ; as, 
"give an account of thy stewardship." 67 Reason or con- 
sideration, as a motive ; as, on all accounts. 7. Value ; im- 
portance ; estimation; as, a thing of no account. 8. Profit; 
advantage ; that is, a result or production worthy of esti- 
mation ; as, you will find your account in doing it. 9. Re- 
gard ; behalf: sake; a sense deduced from "charges on 
book ; as, on account of public affairs. — Syn. Narrative ; 
narration; relation; detail ; recital ; description; explana- 
tion ; computation ; bill ; reckoning ; sake ; end ; reason ; 
advantage ; consideration ; value ; importance. 
4C-COUNT, v. t. 1. To deem, judge, consider, think, or 
hold in opinion. 2. To account of; to hold in esteem ; to 



value. 3. To reckon, or compute ; to assign as a debt 
These uses are antiquated. 

AC-COUNT', v. i. 1. To render an account or relation of 
particulars. 2. To give reasons ; to assign the causes ; to 
explain ; with for. 3. To render reasons ; to answer for 
in a responsible character. 

AC-COUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being liable to 
answer for one's conduct. — R. Hall. 2. Liability to the pay- 
ment of money or of damages ; responsibility for a trust 

AC-COUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to be called to account; 
answerable to a superior. 2. Subject to pay, or make 
good, in case of loss. — Syn. Amenable ; responsible. 

AC-COUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to answer, or to 
give account; the state of being answerable. 

AC-COUNTA-BLY, adv. In an accountable maimer. 

AC-€OUNT'ANT, n. One skilled in mercantile accounts , 
more generally, a nerson who keeps accounts. 

AC-COUNT'ANT-SHIP, n. The office or duties of an ac- 
countant. 

A€-COUNT'-BOOK, n. A book in which accounts are kept. 

AC-COUNT'ED, pp. Esteemed; deemed; considered; re- 
garded; valued. — Accounted fti . explained. 

AC-COUNT'ING, ppr. Deeming , esteeming ; reckoning , 
rendering an account. — Accounting for, rendering an ac- 
count; explaining. 

AC-COUNT'ING, n. The act of reckoning or adjusting ac- 
counts. 

A€-C6UP'LE (ak-kup'pl), v. t. To couple ; to join or link to- 
gether. See Couple. 

A€-€6UP'LE-MENT (ak-kup'pl-ment), n. A coupling ; con- 
necting in pairs ; junction. [Little used.] 

tAC-COUR'AGE (ak-kur'aje), v. I. To encourage. — Spenser. 

t AC-€oURT', v. t. To entertain with courtesy. — Spenser. 

AC-COU'TER, I ,, ,. ,. v C v. t. [Fr. accoutre?:] In a 

A€-€oU'TRE, j ^-^ 00le V } general sense, to dress; to 
equip ; but, appropriately, to array in a military dress ; to 
put on, or to furnish with a military dress and arms ; to 
equip the body for mihtary service. 

A€-€oU'TER£D, ? ,-, ■, . . 

A€-€oU'TR2?D s pp ' ^ressQa m arms > equipped. 

AC-COU'TER-LNG, ? ppr. Equipping with mihtary habili- 

AC-€oU'TRING, 5 ments. 

AC-CoUTER-MENTS, ? , , , r i . s < l n.pl. 1. Dress; 

AC-CoU'TRE-MENTS, \ (ak-koo ter-ments) J eq ^ page . ^ 
niture for the body ; appropriately, mihtary dress and arms ; 
equipage for military service. — 2. In common usage, an old 
or unusual dress. 

t AC-COY', v. t. [Old Fr. accoisir.] To render quiet or diffi- 
dent ; to soothe ; to caress. — Spenser. 

AC-CRED'IT, v. t. [Fr. accrediter.] To give credit, or author- 
ity, especially to an agent or representative ; as, to accredit 
a consul or minister. — Cowper. 

AC-€RED-IT-I'TION, n. That which gives title to credit 
[Little used.] 

AC-€RED'IT-ED, pp. or a. Allowed ; received with repu- 
tation : authorized in a public character. — Christ. Obs. 

AC-CRED'IT-ING, ppr. Giving authority or reputation. 

AC-€RES'CENT, a. Increasing— Shuchford. 

AC-€Re'TION, n. [L. accretio.] 1. A growing to, or increase. 
2. An increase by an accession of parts externally. — Bacon. 

AC-€Re'TiVE, a. Increasing by growth ; growing ; adding 
to by growth. 

t AC-CRIM-IN-A'TION, n. Accusation ; reproach. 

A€-CRoACH', v. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To hook, or draw to 
as with a hook, [obs.] 2. To encroach; to draw away 
from another. — The noun accroachment, an encroachment, 
is rarely or never used. See Encroach. 

AC-CRtJE' (ak-kru'), v. i. [Fr. accroitre, accru.] Literally, to 
grow to ; hence, to arise, proceed, or come ; to be added, 
as increase, profit, or damage ; as, a profit accrues to gov- 
ernment from the coinage of copper ; a loss accrues from 
the coinage of gold and silver. 

t AC-CRuE' (ak-kruO, n. Something that accedes to, or fol- 
lows the property of another. 

A€-€Ru'ING,£pr. Growing to; arising ; coming ; being added. 

A€-€RU'MENT, n. Addition ; increase. 

AC-CU-BI'TION, n. [L accvbatio.] A lying or reclining on 
a couch, as the ancients at their meals. 

t AC-CUMB' (-kum'), v. i. [L.accumbo.] To recline, as at table. 

A€-CUM'BEN-CY, n. State of being accumbent or reclining. 

A€-€UM'BENT, a. [L. accumbens.] Leaning or reclining, as 
the ancients at their meals.— -In botany, the word is used 
in cases where one organ is applied to another by its 
edge. 

t A€-€UM'BENT. n. One who is placed at a dinner-table. 

AC-Cti'MU-LITE, v. t. [L. accumulo.] 1. To heap up; to 
pile. 2. To collect or bring together. — Syn. To collect; 
pile up : amass ; gather ; aggregate ; heap together. 

AC-Cu'MU-LaTE, v. i. To grow to a great size', number, or 
quantity ; to increase greatly. 

AC-Cu'MU-LATE, a. Collected into a mass or quantity. 

A€-Cu'MU-L a-TED, pp. or a. Collected into a heap or great 
quantity. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER. WCIOUS.— C as K; G as J- S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsole^ 



ACE 



10 



ACI1 



AG-Gvi'MU-LA-TrNG, ppr. Heaping up ; amassing ; increas- 
ing greatly. 

AG-Gu-MU-L 1TION, n. The act of accumulating ; the state 
of being accumulated; a collecting together. — In law, the 
concurrence of several titles to the same thing. — In univer- 
sities, an accumulation of degrees is taking several at once. 
— Syn. Mass; pile; heap; collection; amassing. 

AG-€u'MU-LA-TlVE, a. That accumulates; heaping up; 
accumulating. 

AG-Gu'MU-LA-TiVE-LY, adv. In an accumulative manner ; 
in heaps. 

A€-Gu'MU-LX-TOR, n. One that accumulates, gathers, or 



AG'GU-RA-CY, n. [L. accuratio.] 1. Exact conformity to 
truth, or to a rule or model ; freedom from mistake ; pre- 
cision which results from care. 2. Closeness ; tightness ; 
as, to seal up a tube with accuracy. — Syn. Exactness ; cor- 
rectness ; exactitude ; nicety ; precision. 

AC'GU-RATE, a. [L. accuratus.] 1. In exact conformity to 
truth, or to a standard, or rule, or to a model ; free from 
failure, error, or defect. 2. Determinate ; precisely fixed. 

3. Close ; perfectly tight ; as, an accurate junction. — Syn. 
Correct; exact; precise; just; nice. 

AG'CU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. Exactly; in an accurate manner; 
with precision; without error or defect 2. Closely; so 
as to be perfectly tight. — Comstock. 

AG'CU-RATE-NESS, n. Accuracy; exactness; nicety; pre- 
cision. 

AC-CURSE' (ak-kurs'), v. t. [ac for ad. and curse]. To de- 
vote to destruction ; to imprecate misery or evil upon. 
[Rarely used.] See Curse. 

AC-CURS'ED, pp. or a. [part. pro. ak-kursf, and adj. ak- 
kurs'ed]. 1. Doomed to destruction or misery. 2. Sepa- 
rated from the faithful ; cast out of the church ; excommu- 
nicated. 3. Worthy of the curse ; detestable ; execrable. 

4. Wicked ; malignant in the extreme. 
AC-CURST'. The same as Accursed. 
AC-Cu'SA-BLE, a. That may be accused ; chargeable with 

a crime ; blamable ; liable to censure ; followed by of. 
AG-Gu'SANT, n. One who accuses. — Hall. 
AG-CU-SITION, n. 1. The act of charging with a crime or 
offense ; the act of accusing of any wrong or injustice. 2. 
The charge of an offense or crime, or the declaration con- 
taining the charge. — Syn. Impeachment; crimination; cen- 
sure ; charge. 
AG-Gu'SA-TlVE, a. or n. A term given to a case of nouns, 
in grammars, on which the action of a verb terminates or 
falls ; called, in English grammar, the objective case. Cen- 
suring; accusing. 

AG-Gu'SA-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. In an accusative manner. 2. 
In relation to the accusative case in grammar. 

AC-€u'SA-TO-RY, a. Accusing; containing an accusation. 

4.C-CUSE', v. t. [L. accuso.] 1. To charge with, or declare 
to have committed a crime. 2. To charge with a fault. — 
Syn. To charge ; blame ; censure ; indict ; impeach ; ar- 
raign. To accuse falsely, to asperse ; calumniate ; defame ; 
slander; vilify; detract. 

AC-CuS'ED (ak-kuzd'), pp. or a. Charged with a crime, by 
a legal process ; charged with an oftense ; blamed. 

AG-GuS'ER, n. One who accuses or blames. 

AG-€uS'ING, ppr. Charging with a crime ; blaming. 

AG-CUSTOM, v. t. [Fr. accoutumer.] To make familiar by 
use ; to form a habit by practice. — Syn. To habituate ; in- 
ure ; exercise ; train ; familiarize. 

AC-CUS'TOM, v. i. 1. To be wont, or habituated to do any 
thing, [little used.] 2. To cohabit. — Milton, [not used.] 
AC-CUSTOM, n. Custom..— Milton. 

AC-CUS'TOM- A-BLE, a. Of long custom: habitual; cus- 
tomary. [Little used.] 

AG-CUSTOM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom or habit. 
[Little used.] 

, AG -CUSTOM- ANCE, n. Custom ; habitual use or practice. 
— Boyle. 

AG-GUSTOM-A-RI-LY, adv. According to custom or com- 
mon practice. [Little used.] 

AC-GUSTOM-A-RY, a. Usual; customary. [Little used.] 

AC-C USTOM.ED, pp. 1. Being familiar by use ; habituated ; 
trained ; inured. 2. a. Usual ; often practiced. 

AG-GUSTOM.ED-NESS, n. Familiarity. 

AG-GUSTOM-ING, ppr. Making familiar by practice; in- 
uring. 

ICE, n. [L. as.] 1. A unit ; a single point on a card or die ; 
or the card or die so marked. 2. A very small quantity ; 
a particle ; an atom ; a trifle. 

A-CEL'DA-MA, n. [Ch. Jspn, afield, and am, Ch. Syr. and 
Sam., blood.] A field purchased with the bribe which Ju- 
das took for betraying Ms Master, and therefore called the 
field of blood. 

A-CE/PH'A-LAN, n. ) Terms applied to a class of mollus- 

A-CEPH'A-L A, n. plu. > can animals having no head, as the 
oyster and muscle. — Bell. 

A-CEPH'A-Ll, n.pl. [Gr. a and K£<f>a\ v .] A sect of levelers 
who acknowledged no chief or head. 



A-CEPH'A-LIST, n. One wno acknowledges no head ox su- 
perior. 

A-CEPH'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. a, priv., and ke^oXv, a head.] 1. In 
botany, without a head ; headless ; applied to ovaries, the 
style of which springs from their base, instead of their 
apex. — Brande's Cyc. 2. In history, the term Acephali, or 
Acephalites, was given to several sects who refused to fol- 
low some noted leader. 

A-CEPH'A-LUS, n. 1. An obsolete name of the tania, or 
tape-worm. 2. A verse defective in the beginning. 

aCE'-POINT, n. The side of a die or card that has but one 
spot. 

ACE-RAN, n. ? [Gr. a, priv., and xepas, horn.] Terms ap 

AC'E-RA, n. pi. 5 plied to a family of apterous insects, 
without antennas ; and to a family of gastropod mollus- 
cous animals, without tentacles. — Brande. 

A-CERB', a. [L. acerbus.] Sour, bitter, and astringent ; sour, 
with bitterness and astringency ; a quality of unripe fruits. 

t A-CERB'aTE, v. t. To make sour, bitter, or harsh to the 
taste. 

A-CERB1-TY, n. 1. A sourness, with bitterness and astrin- 
gency. 2. Figuratively, harshness, bitterness, or severity ; 
applied to persons or things, 

A-CER'IC, a. [L. acer.] Pertaining to the maple. — Ure. 

A-CER'I-DeS, n, pi. Plasters made without wax. — Knozoles. 

AC'ER-OUS, } a. [L. acerosus.] In botany, chatty ; resem- 

AC'ER-oSE, ) bling chaff. The term is also applied to 
leaves which are narrow, stiff, and prickly, like those of 
the fir. 

A-CER'RA, n. A vessel in which incense has been burned. 

A-CERV'AL, a. Pertaining to or occurring in heaps. 

A-CERV'aTE, v. t. To heap up. 

A-CERV'ATE, a. In natural history, heaped, or growing in 
heaps, or in closely-compacted clusters. 

tA-CERV'oSE, a. Full of heaps. 

A-CES'CENCE, }n. [L. acescens.] A turning sour by spon- 

A-CES'CEN-CY, ) taneous decomposition ; a tendency to 
turn sour ; and, hence, a state of being moderately sour. 

A-CES'CENT, a. Turning sour; becoming tart or acid by 
spontaneous decomposition. 

A-CESTIS, n. [Gr.] A factitioiis sort of chrysocolla, made 
of Cyprian verdigris, urine, and nitre. — Cyc. 

A-CE-TAB'U-LUM, n. [L.] 1. Among the Romans, a vinegar 
cruse, or like vessel— 2. In anatomy, a cavity in a bone for 
receiving the end of another bone, as the hip-bone. Also, 
a glandular substance found in the placenta of some ani- 
mals. — 3. In botany, a kind of lichen. 

AC-E-Ta'RI-OUS, a. Belonging to the k-mkA tribe cf vege 
tables. 

AC'E-TA-RY, n. An acid, pulpy sxibstance in certain fruits. 

AC'E-TITE, n. In chemistry, a salt, formed by the union of 
the acetic acid with any salifiable base. 

AC'E-Ta-TED, a. Combined with acetic acid. 

A-Ce'TIG, a. Relating to acetic acid. 

A-Ce'TIG ACID, n. The pure acid of vinegar, composed of 
equal parts of carbon and oxygen, with 5-100ths of hydro- 
gen. 

A-CE-TI-FI-CITION, n. The act of making acetous or sour ; 
or the operation of making vinegar. 

A-CeT'I-Fy, v. t. or v. i. To turn into acid or vinegar. 

AC-E-TIM'E-TER, n. [L. acetum, vinegar, and Gr. \nn(,ov, 
measure.] An instrument for ascertaining the strength of 
vinegar. — Ure. 

AC-E-TIM'E-TRY, n. The art or process of ascertaining the 
strength of vinegar of acetic acid. 

ACE-TONE, n. A recent name for the hydro-acetic spirit. 

t AC-E-TOS'I-TY, n. The state of being acetose. 

A-CE'TOUS, >a. 1. Sour; acid. 2. Causing acetification ; 

AC-E-T5SE', 5 as, acetous fermentation. The term acetous . 
acid was formerly applied to impure and dilute acetic acid 
bufr is now disused. 

A-CE'TUM, n. [L.] Vinegar. 

aGHE (ake), v. i. [Sax. ace, ece.] 1. To suffer pain ; to hav« 
or be in pain, or in continued pain ; as, the head aches. 2. 
To suffer grief, or extreme grief; to be distressed; as, the 
heart aches. 

aGHE (ake), n. Pain, or continued pain, in opposition to sud 
den twinges, or spasmodic pain. 

A-€HE'AN, a. Pertaining to Achaia. 

A-GHe'NI-UM, n. [Gr. a%vv, poor.] In botany, a small, long 
fruit, consisting of a single seed, which does not open when 
ripe. 

A-€HERN'AR, n. The name of a star of the first magnitude. 

AGH'E-RON, n. [Gr. a%oc, pain, and poos, a river or stream.} 
A fabled river of hell, or the lower region. — Ancient poets 

AGH'ER-SET, n. An old measure of eight bushels. 

AGH-E-RU'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Acherusia, a lake in Cam- 
pania, in Italy. 

A-CHIEV'A-BLE, a. That may be performed.— Barrow. 

A-CHIEV'ANCE, n. Performance.—^^. 

A-CHlE VE', v. t. [Fr. achever.] 1. To finish, or carry on to 9 
final close. 2. To gain or obtain, as the result of exertion ■ 
as, "the spoils by valiant kings achieved." — Syn. To accom 



* See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, e, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BOOK, 



ACK 



11 



plish, effect; fulfill complete; execute; perform; realize; 
obtain. 

A-CIHeY'-ED (a-cheevoV), pp. Performed; obtained; accom- 
plished. 

A-CHlE YE'MENT, n. 1. The performance of an action. 2. 
A great or heroic deed ; something accomplished by valor 
or boldness. 3. An obtaining by exertion. 4. An escutch- 
eon, or ensigns armorial. — Syn. Accomplishment ; per- 
formance ; completion ; exploit ; feat ; deed. 

A-CHIeV'ER, n. One who accomplishes a purpose, or ob- 
tains an object by his exertions. 

A-CHIeYTNG, ppr. Performing; executing; gaining. 

iCH'IXG (ak'ing), ppr. Being in pain ; suffering distress. 

ICHTNG, n. Pain ; continued pain or distress. 

A'CHI-OTE, n. The anotta ; a tree, and a drug used for dye- 
ing red. — Clavigero. 

ACHI-RiTE. See Dioptase. 

a.-CHLAM-yD'E-OUS, a. [a neg., and Gr. x^auv?, a garment.] 
In botany, naked, having no floral envelope. — Lindley. 

i'-GHOR, n. [Gr. ax^p.] 1. The scald head, a disease form- 
ing scaly eruptions. — 2. In mythology, the god of flies. 

A€H-RO-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. a priv., and xP^a, color.] Desti- 
tute of color. Achromatic telescopes are formed of a com- 
bination of lenses, and so contrived as to remedy aberra- 
tions and colors. 

ACH-RO-MA-TIC'I-TY, n. State of betas achromatic. 

A€H-Ro'MA-TISM, n. 1. A destruction of the primary col- 
ors which ordinarily accompany the image of an object 
seen through a lens or prism. 2. The state of being achro- 
matic. — Brewster. 

A.-Cl€ r U-LJE,n.plu. The prickles of some animals. — Knowles. 

A-CICU-LAR, a. [L. acicula.] In the shape of a needle. 

A-CICU-L AR-LY, adv. In the manner of needles, or prickles. 

A-CICU-LATE, a. [L.] In the form of a needle. 

A-CICU-LI-FORM, a. [L.] Having the form of needles. 

ACID, a. [L. acidus.] Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste ; 
having the taste of vinegar. — Figuratively, applied to the 
feelings ; as, an acid temper. 

ACID, n. A sour substance. — In chemistry, a substance ca- 
pable of uniting with salifiable bases, and forming salts. 

AC-ID-IF'ER-OUS, a. [acid, and L./ero.] Contain in g acids, 
or an acid. 

A-CID'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. [from acidify.] Capable of being con- 
verted into an acid. 

A-CID-I-FI-Ga'TION, n. The act or process of acidifying or 
changing into an acid. 

A-CID'I-FlXD, pp. Made acid ; converted into an acid. 

A-CID'I-Fl-ER, n. A principle, whether simple or compound, 
whose presence is necessary for acidity. 

A-CIDT-FT", v. t. To make acid; but, appropriately, to con- 
vert into an acid. 

A-CID1-FY-LNG, ppr. or a. Making acid ; having power to 
change into an acid. 

AC-ID-IM'E-TER n. An instrument for ascertaining the 
strength of acids. — TJre. 

A-CID'I-TY, n. [Fr. acidite.) The quality of being sour; 
sourness ; tartness ; sharpness to the taste. 

AC1D-NE83, n. The quality of being sour ; acidity. 

A-CIDtJ-L M, 7i. pi. Medicinal springs impregnated with car- 
bonic acid. 

A-CID'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. acidulus.] To tinge with an acid ; 
te make acid in a moderate degree. 

A-CTD'U-La-TED, pp. or a. Tinged with an acid; made 
slightly sour. 

A-CID'U-La-TLNG, ppr. Tinging with an acid. 

AC'ID-ULE, \ n. In chemistry, a salt in which the acid is in 

A-CID'U-LUM, 5 excess. 

A-CID'U-LOUS, a. [L. acidulus.] Slightly sour; sub-acid. 
Acidulous mineral waters are such as contain carbonic 
acid. — Brande. 

ACTFORM, a. [L.] Needle-shaped. 

AC-I-NI'CEOUS, a. [L.j Full of kernels. 

A.C-I-NACI-FORM, a. [L. acinaces.] In botany, formed like, 
or resembling a cimeter. 

k-CLN'I-FORM, a. [L. acinus, a grape-stone, and forma, shape.] 
Having clusters like grape-stones ; full of kernels. 

AC'IN-oSE, }a. Consisting of minute granular concretions. 

ACTN-OU3, 5 —Kirwan. 

ACTN-US, n. [L.] In botany, one of the small grains which 
compose the fruit of the blackberry, &c. 

A.C-IPENSER a. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes, to which 
belong the sturgeon, &c. 

tACKNoW (ak-no'), V. t. To acknowledge; to confess. — 
B. Jonson. 

ACKNOWLEDGE (ak-nol'edj), v. t. 1. To admit to be true 
by a declaration of assent. 2. To own or notice with par 
ticular regard; as, "in all thy ways acknowledge Him." 3 
To own or confess, as implying a consciousness of guilt 
4. To own with assent ; to admit or receive with approba 
tion. 5. To own with gratitude ; to own as a benefit. 6 
To own or admit to belong to ; as, to acknowledge a child 
7. To receive with respect. 8. To assent to an act in a le- 
gal form to give it validity ; as, to acknowledge a deed. — 



ACq 

Syn. To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow, 
concede ; confess. 

A€-KN5WL'ED6£D, pp. or a. Owned; confessed; noticed 
with regard or gratitude ; received with approbation ; own- 
ed before authoritv. 

A€-KN5WL'ED6-ER, n. One who acknowledges. 

ACKNOWL'EDg-ING, ppr. Owning ; confessing ; approving. 

A€-KNOWL'EDg-MENT, n. 1. The act of owmng. 2. The 
owning with approbation, or in the true character. 3. Ad- 
mission of the truth, as of a fact, position, or principle. 4 
The owning of a benefit received, accompanied with grat- 
itude. 5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give 
it legal validity. — Syn. Confession ; concession ; recogni- 
tion ; admission ; avowal ; recognizance. 

ACME (ak'my), n. [Gr. a/cnn-] The top, or highest point 

AG'MITE, 7i. [Gr. anan, a point.] A mineral of the augite 
family, having long, pointed crystals of a dark brownish 
color, and a bright and somewhat resinous lustre. 

ACNE (ak'ny), n. [Gr.] A small, hard pimple or tubercle on 
the face. — Quincy. 

tA-€5LD', adv. Cold.— Shak. 

A-€OL'0-THIST, ? 7t. [Gr. aKo^ovBm.] In the ancient church, 

ACO-LYTH, ) a subordinate officer or attendant. 

ACO-NITE, n. [L. aconitum.] The herb wolf s-b ine, and, in 
poetry, used for poison in general. 

A-CON1-TIN. n. A poisonous vegetable principle or alkaloid 
extracted from the aconite. — Brande. 

A-€ON'TI-AS, n. [Gr. aicovTias.] 1. A species of serpent, 
called dart-snake, from its darting swiftly on its prey. 
2. A comet or meteor resembling the serpent. 

t_A-€OP', adv. [a and cope.] At the top. — Jonson. 

A'CORN (a'kurn), n. [Sax. acern.] The fruit of the oak 

a'CORN, v. i. To pick up and feed on acorns. 

A'CORNUD, a. Furnished or loaded with acorns ; fed with 
acorns. — Shaks. 

ACOR-US, n. [L.] 1. Sweet flag, or sweet rash.— 2. In nat- 
ural history, blue coral. 

A-€OS'MI-A, n. Irregularity of disease ; a bad state of health 
and a loss of natural color. — Knowles. 

I-€0-TYL-eT>ON, 7i. A plant whose seeds have no seed- 
lobes or cotyledons. 

I-CO-TYL-E'DON-OUS, a. Having no seed-lobes. 

A-CoUcHT (a-koosh'y), ?i. [Fr. acouchi.] A small species of 
cavy ; the olive cavy ; sometimes called the Surinam rabbit 

A-GOUS'TIG, a. [Gr. aKovariKog.] Pertaining to the ears, to 
the sense of hearing, or to the doctrine of sounds. 

A-€OUS'TI€S, n. l.~The science of sounds, teaching their 
cause, nature, and phenomena. — 2. In medicine, this term 
is sometimes used for remedies for deafness. 

AC-QUIINT, v. t. [old Fr. accointer.] 1. To make known ; 
to make fully or intimately known ; to make familiar. 2. 
To communicate notice to ; as, he acquainted me with his 
plans. 3. To acquaint one's self, is to gain an intimate or 
particular knowledge of; followed by with. — Syn. To in- 
form ; apprise : disclose ; communicate : make known. 

ACQUAINTANCE, n. 1. Familiar knowledge ; a state of 
being acquainted, or of having intimate or more than slight 
or superficial knowledge. 2. A person or persons well 
known ; usually, persons we have been accustomed tc see 
and converse with, though not on the footing of close friend- 
ship. — Acquaintances, in the plural, is used as applied to in- 
dividral peisons known ; but, more generally, acquaintance 
is used for one or more. — Acquaintant, in a like sense, is not 
used.— Syn. Faniiliaritv ; intimacy ; fellowship : knowledge. 

AC-QJJaINT'ANCE-SHIP, n. State of being acquainted. 

4C-QU aINTED, pp. Known ; familiarly known ; informed ; 
having personal knowledge. 

ACQUaINTTNG, ppr. Making known to ; giving notice or 
information to. 

ACQUEST, 7i. [L. acquisitus.] 1. Acquisition; the thing 
gained. — Bacon. 2. Conquest ; a place acquired by force. 

AC-QUI-ESCE' (ak-que-essO, v. i. [L. acquiesco.] 1. To rest 
satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposi- 
tion and discontent. 2. To assent to upon conviction ; as, 
to acquiesce in a given sentiment. — Acquiesced in, in a pass- 
ive sense ; complied with ; submitted to without opposi- 
tion. — Syn. To repose ; rest in ; submit ; comply ; yield 
assent : agree : consent ; accede. 

A€-QUI-ES'CENCE, ?i. A quiet assent; a silent submission, 
or submission with apparent content. 

ACQUI-ES'CENT, a. Resting satisfied ; easy ; submitting ; 
disposed to submit. — Johnson. 

A€-QUI-E8'CING ppr. Quietly submitting ; resting content 

A€-QUTR-A-BIL'I-TY, n. State of being acquirable. — Paley 

A€-QUIR'A-BLE, a. That may be acquired. 

AC-QUIRE', v. t. [L. acquiro.] To gain, by any means, some 
thins which is in a degree permanent, or which becomes 
vested or inherent in the possessor. — Syn. To obtain, 
gain : attain ; procure ; win ; earn : secure. 

A€-QUlPi/£D (ak-quird'), pp. or a. Gained, obtained, or re- 
ceived from art, labor, or other means, in distinction fron: 
those things which are bestowed bv nature. 

AC-QUlRE'MENT, n. The act of acquiring, or that which 



D6YE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. 



ACK, 



12 



ACT 



is acquired. It is used in opposition to natural gilts. — Syn. 
Attainment; acquisition; gain. 
4G-Ql/lR'ER, n. A person who acquires. 
VGQ.UlR'ING, ppr. Gaining by labor, or other means, 
something that has a degree of permanence in the pos- 
sessor. 
AG-QUlR'ING, n. The act of acquiring ; acquirement. 
i A€-QUl'RY, n. Acquirement. — Barrow. 
AG'QUIS-iTE, a. Gained.— Burton. 

AG-QUI-Sl"TION, n. [L. acquisitio.] 1. The act of acquir- 
ing. 2. The thing acquired or gained. 
AG-QUIS'I-TlVE, a That is acquired; acquired [but improp- 
er], — Wotton. 
AG-QUIS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. Noting acquirement with to or 

for following. — Lilly. 
AG-QUIS'IT-lVE-NESS, n. Desire of possession, 
AG-QUIST', n. See Acquest.— Milton. 
AG-QUIT', v. t. [Fr. acquitter.] 1. To release or discharge 
from an obligation, accusation, guilt, censure, or suspicion. 
2. To acquit one's self; to perform whatever lies upon a 
person as a charge or duty. — Syn. To clear ; set free ; ab- 
sol ve ; pardon ; forgive. 
-AG-QUITMENT, n. The act of acquitting, or state of be- 
ing acquitted ; now superseded by acquittal. — South. 
AG-QUIT'TAL, n. A judicial setting free, or deliverance 

from the charge of an offense. 
AG-QUITTANCE, n. 1. A discharge or release from a debt. 
2. The writing which is evidence of a discharge ; a receipt 
in full, which bars a further demand. 
AG-QUITTANCE, v. t. To acquit.— Shalt. 
AG-Q.UITTED, pp. Set free, or judicially discharged from 
an accusation ; released from a debt, duty, obligation, charge, 
or suspicion of guilt. 
AC-QUITTING, ppr. Setting free from accusation ; releas- 
ing from a charge, obligation, or suspicion of guilt. 
A-GRaSE', Iv. t. 1. To make crazy; to infatuate. 2. To 
A-GRaZE', 5 impair ; to destroy. 

AG'RA-SY, n. [Gr. aKpaaia.] In medical authors, an excess or 
predominancy of one quality above another, in mixture, or 
in the human constitution. — Bailey. 
A'GRE (alter), n. [Sax. acer, acera, or cecer.] A quantity of 
land, containing 160 square rods or perches, or 4840 square 
yards. 
A'GR.ED (a/kerdX a. Possessing acres or landed property. — 

Pope. 
AG'RID, a. [Fr. acre ; L. acer.] Sharp ; pungent ; bitter ; 

sharp or biting to the taste ; acrimonious. 
AG'RID-NESS, n. A sharp, bitter, pungent quality. 
AG-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a.. 1. Sharp ; bitter ; corrosive ; abound- 
ing with acrimony. 2. Figuratively, severe ; sarcastic ; 
applied to language or temper. 
AG-RI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sharpness or bitterness. 
AG-RI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 

acrimonious. 
AG'RI-MO-NY, n. [L. acrimonia.] 1. Sharpness ; a quality of 
bodies which corrodes, dissolves, or destroys others. 2. 
Figuratively, sharpness or severity of temper ; bitterness 
of expression proceeding from anger, ill nature, or petu- 
lance. — Syn. Asperity ; harshness ; severity ; bitterness. 
ACRI-SY, n. [Gr. a and Kpimg.] A state or condition of which 
no right judgment can be formed ; that of which no choice 
is made ; matter in dispute ; injudiciousness. — Bailey, [little 
used.] 
A-GRl'TAN, n. ) n. Terms applied to such animals as the 
A-GRi'TA, n. plu. 3 sponges, polypus, &c, which have no 
discernible nervous system, and whose alimentary canal is 
not contained in a distinct cavity. 
AG'RI-TUDE, n. [See Acrid.] An acrid quality ; bitterness 

to the taste ; biting heat. 
fAG'RI-TY, n. Sharpness; eagerness. 

A-GRO-A-MAT'IG, \a. [Gr. aKpoapLarinoc] Abstruse; 
A-GRO-A-MAT'IG-AL, 3 pertaining to deep learning. 
A-GRO-AT'IG, a. [Gr. axpoariKos.] Abstruse; pertaining to 

deep learning, and opposed to exoteric. 
A-GRO-CE-RAU'NI-AN, a. ^Gr. axpa and Kcpavvn^.] An ep- 
ithet applied to certain mountains between Epirus and II- 
lyricum. 
AG'RO-GHORD, n. [L. acrochordus.} A genus of serpents 
in Java, covered with small scales resembling granulated 
warts when the body is inflated. — P. Cyc. 
AG'RO-GEN, n. [Gr. axpog and yivonai.] A cryptogamic or 
acotyledonous plant, so called from increasing, in growth, 
chiefly at its extremity.— -Bran de. 
AG'RO-LITH, n. [Gr. axpog and X<0os.] In architecture and 
sculpture, a statue whose extremities were of stone and the 
other parts of wood. — Elmes. 
A-GROL'ITH-AN, a. Pertaining to an acrolith ; formed like 

an acrolith ; as, an acrolithan statue. — Brande. 
A-GRo'MI-ON, n. [Gr. h/coo? and w/w$.] In anatomy, the up- 
per part of the spine oi the scapula. 
A-GRON'IG, I a. [Gr. aKOoi and vv%.] In astronomy, a term 
A-GRON'IG-AL, $ applied to the rising of a star at sunset, 
or its setting at sunrise. 



A-GRON'IG- AL-LY, adv. In an acronical manner ; at the ris- 
ing or setting of the sun. 

A-GROP'O-LIS, n. [Gr. axpos and Ttohg.] A citadel ; the cit- 
adel in Athens. 

ACRO-SPIRE, n. [Gr. axpos and oirtipa.] The sprout at the 
ends of seeds when they begin to germinate. 

AG'RO-SPlR-ED, a. Having a sprout, or having sprouted at 
both ends. — Mortimer. This and the preceding word are 
especially used by the English maltsters. 

A-GROSS', prep. 1. From side to side, opposed to along. 
which is in the direction of the length ; athwart; quite ove'- . 
as, a bridge is laid across a river. 2. Intersecting ; passing 
over at any angle ; as, a line passing across another. 

A-GROS'TIG, n. [Gr. axpa and anxoi-] A composition in 
verse, in which the first letters of the fines, taken in order 
form the name of a person, kingdom, city, &c. 

A-GROS'TIG, a. That relates to, or contains an acrostic. 

A-GROS'TIG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an acrostic. 

A-GRO-TE-LEU'TIG, n. [Gr. axpoq and te^cvtv.] Among ec- 
clesiastical writers, an appellation given to any tiling added 
to the end of a psalm or hymn. 

A-GRo'TER, n. ? [Gr. axporvp-] In architecture, a small 

A-GRO-Te'RI-A, n.pl. 5 pedestal, usually without a base. 

A-GRO-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the acroteria ; as, acrote- 
rial ornaments. — P. Cyc. 

A-GRO-THYM'I-ON, n. [Gr. axpos and Sv/jlos-] Among phy- 
sicians, a species of wart, with a narrow basis and broad 
top, having the color of thyme. It is called thymus. 

A-GROTO-MOUS, a. In mineralogy, having a cleavage par- 
allel with the top of a crystal. 

AGT, v. i. [Gr. ayw, L. ago.] 1. To exert power; as, the 
stomach acts upon food. 2. To be in action or motion ; to 
move. 3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in morals, 
private duties, or public offices. — To act up to, is to equal in 
action ; to fulfill, or perform a correspondent action. 

AGT, v. t. 1. To perform ; to represent a character on the 
stage. 2. To feign or counterfeit. — Dry den, [improper.] 

3. To put in motion ; to actuate ; to regulate movements. 
— Locke, [obs.] 

AGT, n. 1. The exertion of power ; the effect, of which pow- 
er exerted is the cause. 2. That which is done ; a deed, 
exploit, or achievement, whether good or ill. 3. Action , 
performance ; production of effects ; as, an act of charity 

4. A state of reality or real existence, as opposed to a pos- 
sibility. 5. In general, act denotes action completed ; but, 
preceded by in, it denotes incomplete action ; as, taken in 
the very act. 6. A part or division of a play, to be perform- 
ed without interruption ; after which the action is suspend- 
ed to give respite to the performers. 7. The result of pub- 
he deliberation, or the decision of a prince, legislative body, 
council, court of justice, or magistrate ; a decree, edict, law, 
judgment, resolve, award, determination ; as, an act of par- 
liament. — Act, in English universities, is a thesis maintain- 
ed in public by a candidate for a degree.— Act of faith, auto 
da fe, in Roman Catholic countries, is a solemn day held 
by the Inquisition for the punishment of heretics. 

AGT'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; represented on the stage. 

AG'TI-AN, a. Relating to Actium. 

AGT'ING, ppr. Doing ; performing ; behaving ; representing 
the character of another. 

AGT'ING, n. Action ; ret of performing a part of a play. 

AG-TIN'I-A, n. [Gr. qktlv, a ray.] A genus of acalephans, soft 
animals having a circle of tentacles or rays round the mouth. 
They are called sea anemones. See Animal Flower 

AG-TIN'I-FORM, a. Having a radiated form. 

AG-TIN'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. uktiv and A<0o f .] The bright-green 
variety of hornblende, occurring usually in glassy, pris- 
matic crystals, and also fibrous. 

AG-TIN-O-LIT'IG, a. Like or pertaining to actinolite. 

AG-TIN-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. axTiv,a ray, and unpov, meas- 
ure.] An instrument for measuring the intensity of solar 
radiation. — Dauben y. 

AG'TION, n. [L. actio.] 1. Literally, a driving; hence, the 
state of acting or moving; exertion of power or force, as 
when one body acts on another. 2. An act or thing done ; 
a deed. — 3. In mechanics, agency ; operation ; driving , im- 
pulse ; effort of one body upon another. — 4. In ethics, the 
external signs or expression of the sentiments of a moral 
agent; conduct; behavior; demeanor. — 5. In poetry, a se- 
ries of events, called also the subject or fable. — 6. In orato- 
ry, gesture or gesticulation ; the external deportment of the 
speaker. — 7. In physiology, the motions or functions of the 
body, vital, animal, and natural. — 8. In law, a suit or pro- 
cess, by which a demand is made of a right ; a claim made 
before a tribunal. In France, action is a share in the capi 
tal stock of a joint-stock company, equivalent to our temu 
share ; and consequently, in a more general sense, to stocks 
Brande's Cyc. — 10. In painting and sculpture, the attitude 
or position of the several parts of the body, by which they 
seem to be actuated by passions. 11. Battle; fight; engage- 
ment between troops in war, whether on land or water. 

AG'TION-A-BLE, a. That will bear a suit, or for which an 
action at law may be sustained. 



* -See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; -MoVE, EOOK. 



ACU 



13 



ADD 



A€'T10N-A-R'.. T, adv. In a manner that subjects to legal 
process. 

A-eTION-A-PT, In. In France, a proprietor of stock in a 

A-GTION-IST, 5 joint-stock company ; one who owns ac- 
tions or shares of stock. 

A€T'iV-aTE, v. t. To make active.— Bacon. 

A€T'iYE, a. [L. activus ; Fr. actifi] 1. That has the power 
or quality of acting ; that contains the principle of action, 
independent of any visible external force. 2. Having the 
power of quick motion, or disposition to move with speed. 
3. Busy ; constantly engaged in action. 4. Requiring ac- 
tion or exertion ; practical ; operative ; producing real ef- 
fects ; opposed to speculative ; as, the active duties of life. — 
Syn. Agile ; alert; brisk ; vigorous ; nimble ; lively ; quick ; 
sprightly ; prompt ; industrious ; operative ; laborious. 

A€T'I VE-LY, adv. In an active manner ; by action ; nim- 
bly ; briskly. — In grammar, in an active signification. 

A€T'iVE-NESS, n. The quality of being active ; the facul- 
ty of acting ; quickness of motion. 

A€T-IV'I-TY,~ n. The quality of being active; the active 
faculty ; also, the habit of diligent and vigorous pursuit of 
business. — Syn. Agility; nimbleness; liveliness; briskness; 
quickness. 

A€TLESS, n. Without action or spirit. 

A€T'OR, «. 1. He that acts or performs ; an active agent. 
2. He that represents a character, or acts a part in a play ; 
a stage-player. — 3. Among civilians, an advocate or proctor 
in civil courts or causes. 

A€TRESS, n. A female who acts or performs, and espe- 
cially on the stage or in a play. 

AGTU-AL, a. [Fr. actuel.] 1. Real or effective, or that ex- 
ists truly and absolutely. 2. Existing in act ; real ; in op- 
position to speculative. 3. Existing at the present time ; as, 
the actual situation of the country. — Burke. 

AGT-U-AL1-TY, n. Reality.— Haweis. 

A€TU-AL-lZE, v. C To make actual. 

A€T'U-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making actual.— Coleridge. 

AGTU-AL-LY, adv. In fact ; really ; in truth. 

t AGTU-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being actual. 

AGTU-A-RY, n. [L. actuarius.] A register or clerk. The 
manager of an insurance office is usually called an actuary 
in England, as one of a life insurance office is in the U. S. 

A€T'U-ATE, a. Put in action. [Little used.] 

A-GTU-aTE, v. t. To put into action ; to move or incite to 
action. — Syn. To move ; impel ; incite ; rouse ; instigate ; 
animate. 

AGTU-I-TED, pp. Put in action ; incited to action. 

A€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Putting in action ; inciting to action. 

AGT-U-ITION, n. The state of being put in action ; effect- 
ual operation. — Glanville. 

A€T'US, n. Among the Romans, a measure in building, equal 
to 120 Roman feet. 

A€'U-ITE, v. t. [L. acuo.] To sharpen ; to make pungent or 
corrosive. — Harvey, [little used.] 

A€-U-BeNE', n. A star of the fourth magnitude. 

A€-U-f ' TION, n. The act of sharpening. 

A-€uLE-ATE, a. [L. aculeus.] 1. In botany, having prickles, 
or sharp points ; pointed. — 2. In zoology, having a sting, or 
prickles. 

A-€u'LE-l, n. plu. [L.] In botany and zoology, prickles. 

A€tT-LON \n. [Gr.aoXo?.] The fruit or acorn of the ilex, 

A€U-LOS, 5 or scarlet oak. 

A-€u'MEN, n. [L.] A sharp point; and, figuratively, quick- 
ness of perception ; the faculty of nice discrimination ; pen- 
etration of mind. — Syn. Sagacity ; keenness ; sharpness. 

A-€u'MIN-ATE, a. [L. acuminatum.] Having a long, tapering 
sharp point. 

A-€tj'MIN-a-TED, a. Sharpened to a tapering point. 

A-€0-MIN-A'TION, n. A sharpening; termination in a sharp 
point. 

4€Mj-PUN€TURE, n . [L. acus and punctura.] A surgical 
operation, performed by pricking the part affected with a 
needle. 

AG-U-PUN-G-TUR-a'TION. See Acupuncture. 

4-CuTE', a. [L. acutus.] 1. Sharp at the end; ending in a 
sharp point ; opposed to blunt or obtuse. 2. Figuratively, 
applied to mental powers ; penetrating ; having nice dis- 
cernment ; perceiving or using minute distinctions ; oppos- 
ed to dull or stupid. 3. Applied to the senses ; having nice 
or quick sensibility ; susceptible of slight impressions ; hav- 
ing power to feel or perceive small "objects. 4 An acute 
disease is one which is attended with symptoms of some 
degree of severity, and comes speedily to a crisis, as a pleu- 
risy ; opposed to chronic. 5. An acute accent is that which 
elevates or sharpens the voice. — 6. In music, acute is ap- 
plied to a tone which is sharp, or high ; opposed to grave. 
— 7. In botany, ending in an acute angle. — Syn. Sharp; 
pointed ; keen ; shrewd ; penetrating; piercing ; sagacious ; 
subtile. 

• A-€fJTE', v. t. To render the accent acute. 

4-GllTE'LY, adv. Sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination. 

A-GCTE'NESS, n. 1. Sharpness. 2. The faculty of nice dis- 
cernment or perception ; applied to the senses, or the under- 



standing. 3. Sharpness, or elevation of sound. 4. Vio 
lence of a disease. — Syn. Penetration ; sagacity ; keen- 
ness ; ingenuity ; shrewdness. 

A-GU-TIITOR, n. In the middle ages, a person whose office 
was to sharpen instruments. 

AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. — Ad hominem, to tat 
man, in logic, an argument addressed to the interests, feel- 
ings, &c, of a person. — Ad inquirendum, in law, a judi- 
cial writ, commanding inquiry to be made.— ^4<2 libitum | I,.], 
at pleasure. — Ad valorem, according to the value, in com- 
merce and finance. 

A-D.AG'TYL, a. Having no digits or fingers. 

ADA6E, n. [L. adagium, or adagio.] An old saying, which 
has obtained credit by long use ; a wise observation, hand- 
ed down from antiquity. — Syn. Maxim ; proverb ; apho- 
rism ; apophthegm ; saying. 

AD-a'CtI-O, n. [It.] In music, a slow movement. — An adagio, 
a slow piece of music. — As an adverb, slowly, leisurely, and 
with grace. 

ADAM, n. [In Heb., Ch., Syr., Eth., Ar., man.] Primarily, 
the name of the human species, mankind ; appropriately. 
the first man ; the progenitor of the human race. 

ADAM'S AP'PLE, n. A species of citron [see Citron] ; also, 
the prominent part of the throat. 

AD'AM'S NEEDLE, n. The popular name of the plant yucca. 

ADA-MANT, n. [Gr. adufing ; L. adamas.] The name of a 
supposed impenetrable stone ; a name given to the diamond 
and other substances of extreme hardness. 

AD-A-MANT-E'AN, a. Hard as adamant. — Milton. 

AD-A-MANTlNE, a. Made of adamant ; having the qualities 
of adamant; that can not be broken, dissolved, or penetrated. 

Adamantine spar. A.variety of corundum, with gray, brown. 
or greenish shades. It is of extreme hardness. - 

AD-AMTG, a. Pertaining to Adam. 

AD'AM-lTES, n. plu. In church history, a sect of visionaries, 
who pretended to establish a state of innocence, and, like 
Adam, went naked. 

AD-AM-IT1G, a. Like the Adamites.— Taylor. 

AD-AN-So'NI-A, n. Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey's bread, 
or African calabash tree. The largest of trees. 

ADA-PIS, n. An animal of the pachydermatous order of 
mammals, somewhat resembling a hedge-hog; now ex- 
tinct. — Buckland. 

A-DAPT, v. t. [Sp. adaptar ; L. ad and apto.] To make suit- 
able ; as, to adapt an instrument to its uses. — Syn. To suit, 
fit; accommodate; adjust. 

A-D APT-A-BILI-TY, n. The quality of- adaptation. 

A-DAPTA-BLE, a. That may be adapted. 

A-DAPTA-BLE-NESS, n The quality of being capable of 
adaptation. 

AD-APT-A'TION, n. The act of making suitable, or thfl 
state of being suitable, or fit ; fitness. 

A-DAPT'ED, pp. Suited ; made suitable ; fitted. 

A-DAPT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being fitted; suitable- 
ness; fitness; adaptation. 

A-DAPT'ER, n. One who adapts. See Adopter. 

A-DAPT1NG, ppr. Suiting; making fit. 

A-DAP'TION, n. Adaptation ; the act of fitting. 

t A-D APTNESS, n. A state of being fitted. 

IDaR n. A Hebrew month, answering to the latter part of 
February and the beginning of March. 

AD aR-BITRI-UM. [L.] At will or pleasure. 

A-DXR'CE, n. [Gr. aoapKn?.] A saltish concretion on reed9 
and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. 

A-DSR'ME, n. A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an ounce. 

AD'A-TIS. n. A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India. 

t A-DaUNT, v. t. To subdue. 

t AD-AW', v. t. To daunt ; to subject. — Spenser. 

A-DaYS', adv. On or in days ; as in the phrase now adays. 

AD £AP-TAN'DTJM. [L.] "To captivate; ad captandum vuL 
gus, to please and attract the populace. 

t AD-GOR'PO-RiTE, v. t. To unite one body with another. 

ADD, v. t. [L. addo.] 1. To set or put together, join, or unite, 
as one thing or sum to another, in an aggregate. 2. To 
unite in idea or consideration ; to subjoin. 3. To increase 
number. 4. To augment. 

AD-DECI-MaTE, v. t. [L. ad and decimus.] To take, or to 
ascertain tithes. 

ADDTSD, pp. Joined in place, in sum, in mass, or aggregate 
in number, in idea, or consideration ; united ; put together. 

AD-DEEM', v. t. To award; to sentence. [Little used.] 

AD-DENDUM, n. ; plu. Addenda. [L.J A thing or things to 
be added; an addition, or an appendix. 

ADDER, n. [Sax. aetter, or aettor.] A venomous serpent of 
several species, belonging to the viper family. 

ADDER-FLY, n. A name of the dragon-fly. 

ADDER'S-GRXSS, n. A plant about which serpents lurk. 

ADDER'S-ToNGUE, n. A plant whose seeds are produced 
on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue. 

ADDER'S-W6RT, n. Snakeweed, so named from its sup» 
posed virtue in curing the bite of serpents. 

AD-DI-BIL1-TY, n. The possibility of being added. 

ADDI-BLE, a. That may be added. — Locke. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. vfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete. 



AJDE 



14 



A.D1 



fADTDICE. See Adz. 

AD-DICT, a. Addicted. [Not much used.] 

AD-DI€T, v. t. [L. addico.] To apply one's self habitually ; 
to devote time and attention by customary or constant 
practice ; sometimes in a good sense, but more usually in a 
bad one. 

AD-DICTED, pp. Devoted by customary practice. 

AD-DICTED-NESS, n. The quality or state of being ad- 
dicted. 

AD-DICTTNG, ppr. Devoting time and attention ; practicing 
customarily. 

AD-DICTION, n. 1. The act of devoting or giving up in prac- 
tice ; the state of being devoted. 2. Among the Romans, a 
making over goods to another by sale or legal sentence ; 
also, an assignment of debtors in service to their creditors. 

ADDING, ppr. Joining-, putting together ; increasing. 

AD-DITA-MENT, n. [L. additamentum.] An addition, or, 
rather, the thing added, as furniture in a house ; any mate- 
rial mixed with the principal ingredient in a compound. 
[Little used.] 

AD-Dl"TION, n. [L. additio.] 1. The act of adding ; op- 
posed to subtraction or diminution. 2. Any thing added, 
whether material or immaterial. — 3. In arithmetic, the unit- 
ing of two or more numbers in one sum. — 4. In law, a title 
annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occupation, or 
place of residence. — 5. In music, a dot at the right side of 
a note, to lengthen its sound one half. — 6. In heraldry, some- 
thing added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor. — 7. In 
distilling; any thing added to the wash or liquor in a state 
of fermentation. — 8. In popular language, an advantage ; 
ornament ; improvement. — Syn. Increase ; accession ; aug- 
mentation ; appendage ; adjunct. 

AD-Di"TION-AL, a. That is added. It is used by Bacon for 
addition ; but improperly. 

AD-Di"TION-AL-LY, adv. By way of addition. 

ADD'I-TlVE, a. That may be added. 

ADD'I-TO-RY. a. That adds, or may add. 

AD'DLE, a. [W. hadyl.] Unimpregnated ; not fecundated ; 
also, in a morbid state ; putrid ; applied to eggs. Hence, 
barren, producing nothing. — Dryden. 

AD'DLE, v. t. To make corrupt or morbid. — Scott. 

AD'DLUD, pp. or a. Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren. 

AD'DLE-He AD-ED (-hed-ed), ? „. „' ,, -. 

ADDLE-PI-TED, \ a - Having empty brams. 

AD-DOOM', v. t. To adjudge. See Doom. 

AD-DORS'ED (ad-dorstf), a. In heraldry, having the backs 
turned to each other, as beasts. 

AD-DRESS', v. t. [Fr. adresser.] 1. To make suitable dispo- 
sitions for, or to enter upon ; as, he now addressed himself 
to the business. 2. To direct words or discourse ; to ap- 
ply to by words. 3. To direct in writing, as a letter, or to 
direct and transmit. 4. To present an address, as a letter 
of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimony of 
respect. 5. To court or make suit as a lover. — 6. In com- 
merce, to consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent 
or factor. 

AD-DRESS', n. 1. A speaking to ; verbal application ; a for- 
mal manner of speech. 2. A written or formal application ; 
a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, petition, &c. ; 
as, an address of thanks. 3. Manner of speaking to an- 
other ; as, a man of pleasing address. 4. Courtship ; more 
generally in the plural, addresses. 5. Dextrous manage- 
ment. 6. Direction of a letter, <fcc, including the name, 
title, and place of residence of the person for whom it is 
intended. — Syn. Dexterity ; tact ; management ; adroit- 
ness$'*skill ; readiness. 

AD-DRESS'-ED (ad-dresf), pp. Spoken or applied to; di- 
rected; courted; consigned. 

AD-DRESS'ER, n. One who addresses or petitions. 

AD-DRESSTNG, ppr. Speaking or applying to ; directing ; 
courting; consigning. 

AD-DuCE', v. t. [L. adduco.] To bring forward or intro- 
duce by way of proof; as, to adduce evidence ; to adduce 
a witness. — Syn. To offer ; present ; allege ; advance ; cite ; 
name ; mention ; quote. 
AD-DuC'-ED (ad-duste 7 ), pp. Brought forward; cited; al- 
leged in argument. 
AD-Du'CENT, a. Bringing forward, or together ; a word ap- 
plied to those muscles of the body which pull one part to- 
ward another. 
AD-DO'CER, n. One that adduces. 
AD-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be adduced. 
AD-DuC'ING, ppr. Bringing forward ; citing in argument. 
AD-DUCTION, n. The act of bringing forward. 
AD-DU€TiVE, a. That brings forward. 
AD-DU€'TOR, n. [L.] A muscle which draws one part of 

the body toward another. 
' AD-DULCE' (ad-duls'), v. t. [L. ad and dulcis.] To sweet- 
en. — Bacon. 
AD'EB, n. An Egyptian weight of 210 okes.— Encyc. 
AD-E-LAN-Ta'DO, n. [Spanish.] A governor of a province ; 

a lieutenant governor. 
iD'EL-ING, n. A title of honor, given by our Saxon ances- 



tors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is 
composed of adel, or, rather, athel, the Teutonic term for 
noble, Jllustrious, and ling, young, posterity. 

AD'E-LlTE, n. Adelites or Almoganens, in Spain, were con- 
jurers, who predicted fortunes. 

A-DEL'O-POD, n. fGr. a privative, Sn'Xos, apparent, and 
TTovg, foot.] An animal whose foot is not apparent.- 
Morin. 

AD-EMPTION, n. [L. adimo.] In the civil law, the revoca 
tion of a grant, donation, or the like. 

AD-EN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aSrjv and ypafyu.] That part of 
anatomy which treats of the glands. 

AD'EN-OID. a. [Gr. a 5r)v and etdos.] In the form of a gland . 
glandiform. 

AD-EN-0-L061CAL, a. Pertaining to the doctrine of the 
glands. 

AD-EN-OL/0-6Y, n. [Gr. aSrjy and Aoyos.] In anatomy, the 
doctrine of the glands, their nature, and their uses. 

AD'E-NOS, n. A species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also 
marine cotton. 

AD-EN-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. aSr/v and TO[irj.] In anatomy and 
surgery, a cutting or incision of a gland. — Morin. 

AD-EPT, n. [L. adeptus.] One fully skilled or well versed in 
any art. 

AD-EPT, a. Well skilled ; completely versed or acquainted 
with. — Boyle. 

t AD-EP'TION, n. [L. adeptio.] An obtaining ; acquirement 
— Bacon. 

AD-EPT'IST, n. An adept. 

AD'E-Q.TJA-CY, n. [L. adaquatus.] The state or quality of 
being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient ; a sufficiency 
for a particular purpose. — War in disguise. 

AD'E-QUATE, a. Correspondent to ; fully sufficient : as. ad- 
equate strength ; an adequate compensation. — Syn. Equal . 
proportionate ; sufficient ; enough ; commensurate. 

t AD'E-QUaTE, v. t. To resemble exactly.— Shelf or d. 

AD'E-QJJATE-LY, adv. In an adequate manner; in exact 
proportion ; in a degree equal to the object. 

AD'E-QUATE-NESS, n. The state of being adequate ; ju&t 
ness of proportion or representation. 

t AD-E-QUI'TION, n. Adequateness.— Bp. Barlow. 

AD-ES-SE-NX'RI-ANS, n.plu. [L. adesse.] In church history, 
a sect who hold the real presence of Christ's body in the 
eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. 

AD-FEGTED, a. In algebra, compounded ; consisting of 
different powers of the unknown quantity. See Affected 

AD-FIL'I-a-TED, a. Adopted as a son. See Affiliate. 

AD-FIL-I-a'TION, n. [L. ad and filius.] A Gothic custom, by 
which the children of a former marriage are put upon the 
same footing with those of a succeeding one. 

AD FI'NEM. [L.] To the end. 

AD-HeRE', v. i. [L. adhcereo.] 1. To stick to, as glutinous 
substances, or by natural growth. 2. To be joined, or held 
in contact ; to cleave to. 3. Figuratively, to hold to, be at- 
tached, or remain fixed, either by personal union or con- 
formity of faith, principle, or opinion. 4. To be consistent ; 
to hold together as the parts of a system ; as, " every tiling 
adheres together." Shah. — Syn. To attach; stick; cling; 
hold ; cleave ; fix. 

AD-HeR'ENCE, n. 1. The quality or state of sticking or ad- 
hering. 2. Figuratively, a being fixed in attachment ; fidel- 
ity ;_steady attachment. 

AD-HeR'EN-CY, n. The same as adherence. 

AD-HeR'ENT, a. Sticking ; uniting, as glue or wax ; united 
with. 

AD-HeR'ENT, n. The person who adheres ; one who fol- 
lows a leader, party, or profession. — Syn. Follower ; par 
tisan ; upholder ; disciple ; supporter ; dependent. 

AD-HeR'ENT-LY, adv. In an adherent manner. 

AD-HER'ER, n. One that adheres ; an adherent. 

AD-HE'SION (ad-he'zhun), n. [L. adhcesio.] 1. The act or 
state of sticking, or being united and attached to. Adhe- 
sion is generally used in a literal, adherence in a metaphor 
ical sense. 2. Sometimes, figuratively, adherence, union, 
or steady attachment ; opinion. 

AD-HE'SiVE. a. Sticky ; tenacious, as glutinous substances 
apt or tending to adhere. 

AD-He'SiVE-LY, adv. In an adhesive manner. 

AD-HE'SlVE-NESS, n. The quality of sticking Or adhering ; 
stickiness: tenacity. 

AD-HIB1T, v. t. [L. adhibeo.] To use, or apply. [Ranly 
used.] 

AD-HI-Bl"TION, n. Application ; use. 

AD'HIL, n. A star of the sixth magnitude in Andromeda, 

AD HOMI-NEM. [L.] To the man; to the interests or 
principles of the man. 

AD-HOR-TI'TION, n. [L. adhortatio.] Advice. 

AD-HOR'TA-TO-RY, a. [L. Adhortor.] Advisory; contain- 
ing counsel or warning. 
A-DI-APH'O-RlTE. See Adiaphorists. 

I-DI-APH'0-RISTS, n.pl. [Gr. aSiacpopos.] Moderate Luther- 
ans ; a name given in the sixteenth century to certain men 
that followed Melancthon. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, % &c, short —Fa R. FALL, WHAT ;-PRE Y ;— MARINE BIRD ;— MOVE. BQOK, 



ADJ 



15 



ADM 



a.-DI-AfH'0-ROUS, a. Indifferent ; neutral. — In medicine, 
denoting a medicine which will do neither harm nor good, 

tl-DI-APH'O-RY, n. Indifference ; neutrality. 

A-DIEu' (a-du'), adv. [Fr. a dieu, to God.] Farewell ; an ex- 
pression of kind wishes at the parting of friends. 

A-DIEu', n A farewell, or commendation to the care of God. 

AD IN-DEF-I-Nl'TUM. [L.] To an indefinite extent. 

AD IN-FIN-I'TUM. [L.] To endless extent. 

ADTN-OLE See Petrosilex. 

AD IN-QU1-REN'DUM. [L.] For inquiry, a writ. 

AD IN'TER-IM. [L.] In the mean time ; for the present. 

AD-I-POC'ER-aTE, v. t. To convert into adipocere. 

AD I-POC-ER-ITION, n. The act or process of being 
changed into adipocere. 

AD'I-PO-CeRE', n. [L.adeps and cera.] A soft, unctuous, or 
waxy substance. 

AD'I-PoSE, a. [L. adiposus.] Fat. Adipose substance, ani- 
mal fat. Adipose membrane, a cellular membrane contain- 
ing the fat in its cells. 

AD'IT, n. [L. aditus.] A horizontal or inclined entrance or 
passage ; a term in mining, used to denote the opening. 

f AD-I'TION, n. The act of going to another. 

AD-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. adjaceo.] The state of lying close or 
contiguous ; a bordering upon, or lying next to. 

AD-Ja'CENT, a. Lying near; bordering upon. — Syn. Con- 
tiguous ; near ; adjoining. 

AD-Ja'CENT, n. That which is next to, or contiguous. — 
Locke. [Little used.] 

AD-Ja'CENT-LY, adv. So as to be adjacent. 

AD-JE1-T', v. t. [L. adjicio.] To add or put, as one thing to 
another. — Macknight. 

AD-JE€'TION, n. The act of adding, or thing added.— 
Brown. [Little used.] 

AD-JE€-Ti"TIOUS, a. Added.— Parkhurst. 

AD'JEC-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word used with a noun to 
express a quality of the thing named, or something attrib- 
uted to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe 
a thing, as distinct from something else. It is called, also, 
an attributive or attribute. Adjective color, a color which 
requires to be fixed by some base or mordant to give it per- 
manency. 

AD'JEG-TiVE-LY, adv. In the manner of an adjective ; as, 
a word is used adjectively. 

AD-JOIN', v. t. [Fr. adjoindre.] To join or unite to ; to put 
to by placing in contact; to unite, by fastening together 
with a joint, mortise, or knot. See Join. 

AD-JOIN', v. i. To he, or be next to, or in contact ; to be 
contiguous. 

t AD-JOIN'ANT, a. Contiguous to.— Carew. 

AD-JOIN'-ED (ad-joind'), pp. Joined to ; united. 

AD-JOIN'ING, ppr. or a. Joining; adjacent; contiguous; near. 

AD-J6URN' (ad-jurn'), v. t. [Fr. ajourner.] 1. Literally, to put 
off, or defer to another day ; as, to adjourn the considera- 
tion of a subject. 2. More distinctively, it denotes a for- 
mal intermission of business, a putting off to any future 
meeting. of the same body, and appropriately used of pub- 
he bodies, or private commissioners, intrusted with busi- 
ness.— Syn. To delay ; defer ; postpone ; put off. 

AD-J6URN', v. i. To suspend business for a time, as from 
one day to another, or for a longer period. 

AD-J6URN.ED (ad-jurnd'), pp. 1. Put off, delayed, or defer- 
red for a limited time. 2. As an adjective, existing or held 
by adjournment. 

AD-J6URNTNG, ppr. Deferring ; suspending for a time ; 
closir g a session. 

ADJOURNMENT, n. 1. The act of adjourning. 2. The 
putting off till another day, or time specified, or without 
day. 3. The time or interval during whieh a public body 
defej s business ; as, during an adjournment. But a suspen- 
sion of business, between the forming of a house and an 
adjournment for refreshment, is called a recess. In Great 
Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called a pro- 
rogation, as the close of a parliament is a dissolution. 

ADJUDGE', v. t. [Fr. adjuger.] To decide in the case of a 
controverted question by a judicial opinion. — Syn. To de- 
cree ; award ; determine ; adjudicate. 

AD-JUDg'2£D (ad-judjd 1 ), pp. Determined by judicial opin- 
ion; decreed; sentenced. 

AD-JUDgING, ppr. Determining by judicial opinion ; sen- 
tencing. 

AD-JUDG'MENT, n. The act of judging ; sentence. 

AD-JuDI-CaTE, v. t. [L. adjudico.] To adjudge ; to try and 
determine, as a court. 

AD-Ju'DI-GaTE, v. i. To trv and determine judicially. 

AD-JuDI-€a-TED, pp. Adjudged ; tried and decided. 

AD-JuT)I-€I-TING,jij7r. Adjudging; trying and determining. 

AD JU-DI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of adjudging; the act or 
process of trying and determining judicially. 2. A judi- 
cial sentence ; judgment or decision of a court. 

t AD'JU-GaTE, v. t. To yoke to. 

t AD'JU-MENT, n. [L. adjumentum.] Help ; support. 

AD'JUNGT, n. [L. adjunctus.] 1. Something added, to an- 
other, but not essentially a part of it ; an appendage. — 2. In 



metaphysics, a quality of the body or the mind, whether nat- 
ural or acquired. — 3. In grammar, words added to illustrate 
or amplify the force of other words. Adjunct has been 
used for a colleague, but rarely.: — Wotton. 

AD'JUNGT, a. Added to, or united with ; as, an adjunct pro- 
fessor. 

AD-JUNC'TION, n. The act of joining ; the thing joined. 

ADJUNCT! VE, a. Joining; having the quality of joining. 

ADJUNCTIVE, n. That which is joined. 

AD JUNGT'lVE-LY, adv. In an adjunctive manner. 

AD-JUNCT'LY, adv. In connection with ; consequently. 

AD-JU-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of adjuring; a solemn charg- 
ing on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. The form 
of oath. — Addison. 

AD-JuRE', v. t. [L. adjuro.] 1. To charge, bind, or command 
on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. To charge 
earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath. 3. To 
conjure ; to charge, urge, or summon with solemnity ; to 
entreat earnestly. — Milton. 

AD-JuR'^ED (ad-jurd'), pp. Charged on oath, or with a de- 
nunciation of God's wrath ; solemnly urged. 

ADJuR'ER, n. One that adjures ; one that exacts an oath. 

AD-JuRTNG, ppr. Charging on oath, or on the penalty of a 
curse ; beseeching with solemnity. 

AD-JUST, v. t. [Sp. ajustar.] 1. To make exact ; to fit ; to 
make correspondent or conformable. — Swift. 2. To put in 
order ; to regulate or reduce to system ; as, to adjust the 
details »f a plan. 3. To make accurate ; to settle or bring 
to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the re- 
sult; as, to adjust an account, or a difficulty. — Syn. To 
adapt ; suit ; arrange ; regulate ; accommodate ; set right , 
rectify; settle. 

AD-JUST'A-BLE, a. That may or can be adjusted. 

AD-JUST'ED, pp. Made exact or conformable ; reduced to 
a right form or standard ; settled. 

ADJUSTER, n. A person who adjusts; that which regu- 
lates. 

AD-JUSTING, ppr. Reducing to due form ; fitting ; making 
exact or correspondent ; settling. 

ADJUSTMENT, n. The act of adjusting ; a reducing to just 
form or order ; a making fit or conformable. — Syn. Suit- 
ing; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement. 

AD'JU-TAgE, > n. A tube fitted to the mouth of a vessel 

A J'U-TAgE, 5 through which water is played in a fountain. 

AD'JU-TAN-CY, n. The office of an adjutant ; skillful ar- 
rangement. — Burke. 

AD'JU-TANT, n. [L. adjutans.] 1. In military affairs, an of- 
ficer whose business is to assist the superior officers by re- 
ceiving and communicating orders. — Adjutant-general, in 
an army, is the chief adjutant. — 2. The adjutant, a verv 
large_ species of crane in India. 

t AD-JuTE', v. t. To help.— B. Jonson. 

AD-.Iu'TOR, n. A helper. [Little used.] 

t AD'JU-TO-RY, a. Helping. 

t AD-Ju'TRIX, n. She who helps. 

* AD-Ju'VANT, a. Helping ; assisting.— Howell. 

* AD-Ju'VANT, n. An assistant. — Irimedicine, an ingredient 

added to a prescription to aid the operation of the princi- 
pal ingredient, or basis. 

* AD-Ju'VaTE, v. t. To help. 

AD-LE-Ga'TION, n. [L. ad and legatio.] In the public law 
of the German empire, a right claimed by the states of join- 
ing their own ministers with those of the emperor in pub 
lie treaties. 

AD LIB'I-TUM. [L.] At pleasure ; without restriction. 

AD-LO-Gu'TION, n. See Allocution. 

AD-MeASTJRE (ad-mezh'ur), v. t. 1. To measure or ascer- 
tain dimensions, size, or capacity ; used for measure. 2. To 
apportion ; to assign to each claimant his right. 

AD-MeAS'UR£D (ad-mezh'urd), pp. Measured ; appor- 
tioned. 

AD-MeAS'URE-MENT, n. 1. The measuring of dimensions 
by a rule. 2. The measure of a thing, or dimensions as- 
certained. 3. The adjustment of proportion, or ascertain 
ment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. 
Blackstone. 

AD-MfiAS'UR-ER, n. One that admeasures. 

AD-MEAS'UR-ING, ppr. Measuring; apportioning. 

AD-MEN-SU-RI'TION is equivalent to admeasurement, but 
not much used. 

t AD-MIN1-CLE, n. [L. adminiculum.] Help ; support. 

AD-MIN-ICU-LAR, a. Supplying help ; helpful. 

AD-MIN1S-TER, v. t. [L. administro.] 1. To act as minister 
or chief agent in managing public affairs, under laws or a 
constitution of government, as a king, president, or other 
supreme officer. 2. To dispense ; as, to administer justice 
or the sacrament. 3. To afford, give, or furnish ; as, to ad- 
minister relief. 4. To cause to swear according to law ; as, 
to administer an oath. — Syn. To manage; conduct; min 
ister ; supply ; dispense ; contribute. 

AD-MIN1S-TER, v. i. 1. To contribute ; to bring aid or sup- 
plies ; to add something. 2. To perfonn the office of ad- 
ministrator. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ADM 



16 



ADO 



AD-MIN1S-TER.ED, pp. Executed; managed; governed; 
afforded , given ; dispensed. 

AD-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to administration, or to 
the executive part of government. 

AD-MIN'IS-TERTNG, ppr. Executing ; carrying into effect ; 
giving ; dispensing. 

AD-MIN'IS-TRA-BLE, a. Capable of administration. 

AD-MIN'IS-TRaTE, in the place oi administer, has been used, 
but is not well authorized. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRaTION, n. 1. The act of administering ; gov- 
ernment of public affairs ; the conducting of any office or 
employment. 2. The executive part of government, con- 
sisting in the exercise of the constitutional and legal pow- 
ers, the general superintendence of national affairs, and the 
enforcement of laws. 3. The persons, collectively, who 
are intrusted with the execution of laws, and the superin- 
tendence of public affairs. 4. The carrying into effect, or 
giving forth; as ; the administration of justice, of alms, &c. 
5. The management of the estate of an intestate person, 
under a commission from the proper authority. 6. The 
power, office, or commission of an administrator. Black- 
stone. — Syn. Conduct ; management ; direction ; regula- 
tion ; execution ; dispensation ; distribution. v 

AD-MIN'iS-TRA-TIVE, a. That administers, or by which 
one administers. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TOR, n. 1. A man who, by virtue of a com- 
mission from the proper authority, has the charge of the 
goods and estate of one dying without a will. 2. One who 
administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or dis- 
penses laws and rights. — 3. In Scots law, a tutor, curator, or 
guardian. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRITOR-SHIP, n. The office of an adminis- 
trator. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TRIX, n. A female who administers upon 
the estate of an intestate ; also, a female who administers 
government. 

AD-MI-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admirable. 

AD'MI-RA-BLE, a. [L. admirabilis.] To be admired ; wor- 
thy of admiration ; having qualities to excite wonder, with 
approbation, esteem, or reverence ; used of persons or 
things. — Syn. Wonderful ; excellent ; surprising ; aston 
ishing, 

AD'MI-RA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being admirable ; 
the power of exciting admiration. 

AD'MI-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder, min- 
gled with approbation, esteem, or veneration. 

AD'MI-RAL, n. [in the Latin of the middle ages, amira, ami- 
ras, admiralis.] A marine commander-in-chief; the com- 
mander of a fleet or navy. 1. The lord high admiral, in 
Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all maritime 
affairs, and has the government of the navy. 2. The admi- 
ral of the fleet, the highest officer under the admiralty. 3. 
The vice admiral is an officer next in rank and command 
to the admiral. 4. The rear admiral is next in rank to the 
vice admiral. 5. The commander of any single fleet, or, 
in general, any flag officer. 6. The ship which carries the 
admiral ; also, the most considerable ship of a fleet. — 7. In 
zoology, a species of shell-fish. 

/D'MI-RAL-SHIP, n. The office or power of an admiral. 
[Little used.] 

AD'MI-RAL-T Y, n. 1. In Great Britain, the office of lord high 
admiral. This office is discharged by one person, or by com- 
missioners, called lords of the admiralty. The admiralty 
court, or court of admiralty, is the supreme court for the trial 
of maritime causes. In general, a court of admiralty is a 
court for the trial of causes arising on the high seas, as prize- 
causes and the like. 2. The building where the lords of 
the admiralty transact business. 

AD-MI-Ra'TION, n. Wonder mingled with pleasing emo- 
tions, as approbation, esteem, love, or veneration ; a com- 
pound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or 
excellent. Dryden. — Syn. Wonder ; astonishment ; amaze- 
ment; surprise. 

AD-MlRE', v. t. [L. admiror.] 1. To regard with wonder or 
surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence, or 
affection. 2. To regard with affection ; a familiar term for 
to love greatly. — Syn. To esteem ; approve ; delight in. [It 
is an error to follow this word by an infinitive ; as, " I ad- 
mire_to see a man consistent."] 

AD-MIRE', v. i. To wonder ; to be affected with slight sur- 
prise. — Ray. 

AD-MlR'iSD (ad-mird'), pp. Regarded with wonder mingled 
with pleasurable sensations. 

AD-MlRER, n. One who admires ; one who esteems or 
loves greatly. 

AD-MlR'ING, ppr. Regarding with wonder, united with love 
or esteem. 

AD-MlR'ING-LY adv. With admiration ; in the manner of 
an admirer. 

AD-MIS-SI-BH/I-TY, n. The quality of being admissible. 
AD-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be admitted, allowed, or con- 
ceded. 
AD-MI S'SI-BLY, adv. So as to be admitted. 



AD-MIS'SION. n. [L. admissio.] 1. The act or practice of 
admitting ; the state of being admitted. 2. Admittance ; 
power or permission to enter ; entrance ; access ; power 
to approach ; as, admission into the palace. 3. Allowance ; 
grant of an argument or position not fully proved ; as, the 
admissions of the opposing party. — Syn. Admittance ; ac 
cess ; entrance ; initiation : concession. 

AD-MIT', v. t. [L. admitto.] 1. To suffer to enter; to grant 
entrance ; whether into a place, or an office, or into the 
mind, or consideration; as, to admit the thought. 2. To 
give right of entrance ; as, " This ticket admits the bearer." 
3. To allow ; to receive as true ; as, I admit the fact. 4 
To be capable of; as, it admits of doubt. — Syn. To allow , 
permit ; grant ; concede ; suffer ; tolerate. 

AD-MITT A-BLE, a. That may be admitted or allowed. 

AD-MITT ANCE, n. 1. The act of admitting ; allowance. 2. 
Permission to enter ; the power or right of entrance ; act 
ual entrance. 3. Concession; admission; allowance, [not 
used.) 4. Shakspeare uses the word for the custom or pre 
rogative of being admitted. 

AD-MITTED, pp. Permitted to enter or approach ; allow- 
ed; granted; conceded. 

AD-MITTER, n. He that admits. 

AD-MITTING, ppr. Permitting to enter or approach ; al- 
lowing; conceding. 

AD-MIX', v. t. To mingle with something else. See Mix. 

AD-MIXTION (ad-mix'chun), n. [L. admixtio.] A mingling 
of bodies without chemical change ; a union by mixing dif- 
ferent substances together. 

AD-MIXTURE, n. The substance mingled with another; 
sometimes the act of mixture, -or the state of being mixed. 

AD-MON'ISH, v. t. [L. admoneo.] 1. To warn of a fault; to 
reprove with mildness. 2. To counsel against wrong prac- 
tices ; to caution or advise. 3. To instruct or direct.. 4. 
In ecclesiastical affairs, to reprove a member of the church, 
either publicly or privately ; the first step in church disci- 
pline. 

AD-MONT3H ED (-isht), pp. Reproved ; advised ; warned ; 
instructed. 

AD-MON'ISH-ER, n. One who reproves or counsels. 

AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Reproving; warning; counseling; 
directing. 

AD-MON'ISH-MENT, n. Admonition.— Shak. 

AD-MO-Nl"TION, n. 1. Gentle reproof; counseling against 
a fault ; instruction in duties ; caution ; direction. — 2. In 
church discipline, a reproof, either public or private, de- 
signed to reclaim an offender. 

AD-MO-Ni"TION-ER, n. A dispenser of admonitions — 
Hooker. 

AD-MON'I-TIVE, a. Containing admonition. — Barrow. 

AD-MON'I-Tf VE-LY, adv. By admonition. 

AD-MON'I-TOR, n. An admonisher ; a monitor. 

AD-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Containing admonition ; that admon 
ishes. 

AD-MORT-I-Za'TION, ti. The reducing of lands or tene- 
ments to mortmain. 

AD-MoVE', v. t. [L. admoveo.] To move to ; to bring one 
thing to another. — Broion, [little used.] 

t AD-MUR-MUR-a'TION, n. The act of murmuring to an 
other. 

AD-NAS'CENT, a. Growing to or on something else. 

AD-NITA, n. [L. ad and natus.] 1. In anatomy, one of the 
coats of the eye. 2. Such parts growing on animal or veg- 
etable bodies as are usual and natural ; and such, also, as 
are accidental, as the misletoe. 3. Offsets of plants germ- 
inating under ground. 

AD'NaTE, a. [L. ad and natus.] In botany, pressing close to 
the stem, or growing to it. 

AD'NOUN, n. In grammar, an adjective or attribute. [Lit- 

AD-Nu'BI-La-TED, a. Clouded ; obscured. 

A-Do', n. [qu. a and do.] Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty; 
as, to make a great ado about trifles. 

AD-O-LES'CENCE, n. [L. adolescens.] The state of grow- 
ing, applied to the young of the human race ; youth, or the 
period of life between childhnod and manhood. 

AD-O-LES'CENT, a. Growing ; advancing from childhood 
to manhood 

AD-O-NeAN, a. Pertaining to Adonis. — Faber. 

A-Do'NI-A, n. pi. Festivals, celebrated anciently in honor of 
Adonis, by females. 

A-DONTG, a. Adonic verse, a sl.ort verse, in which the death 
of Adonis was bewailed 

A-DONTG, n. An Adonic verse. 

A-Do'NIS, n. In mythology, the favorite of Venus, said to be 
the son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. 

A-Do'NIS, n. In botany, bird's eye, or pheasant's eye. 

A-Do'NISTS, 72. pi. Among critics, a sect or party who main 
tain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the con- 
sonants of the word Jehovah are not the natural points be- 
longing to that word, and that they do not express the true 
pronunciation of it. 

t A-DoORS' (a-dorz'), adv. At doors ; at the door. 



See Synopsis, a, E, T, &c, long.— X, £, I, &c., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE BtRT; MOVE, BOOK, 



ADS 



17 



APV 



A-DOPT', v. t. |L. adopto j 1. To take a stranger into one's 
family, t s son and heir ; to take one who is not a child, and 
treat hit i as one. 2. To take or receive, as one's own, that 
which h °ot naturally so ; as, to adopt a theory. 3. To se- 
lect and take. 

A-D OPTED, pp. or a. Taken as one's own ; received as son 
and heir ; selected for use. 

A-DOPT"ED-LY, adv. In the manner of something adopted. 

A-DOPTEPv. n. One who adopts. 

A-DOPTTNG. ppr. Taking a stranger as a son; taking as 
one's own. 

A-DOP'TION, n. [L. adaptio.] 1. The act of adopting or the 
state of being adopted ; the taking and treating of a stran- 
ger as one's own child. 2. The receiving as one's own 
what is new or not natural. 

A-DOPTION-IST, n. One who maintains that Christ was 
the Son of God by adoption only. — Murdoch. 

A-DOPTlVE, a. [L. adoptivus.] That adopts ; as, an adopt- 
ive father ; or that is adopted ; as, an adoptive son. 

A-DOPTIVE, n. A person or thing adopted. 

A-DoR'A-BLE, a. That ought to be adored ; worthy of di- 
vine honors. 

A-DoR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being adorable, or 
worthy of adoration. 

ft-DoRA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of adi_./ation. 

AD-O-RI'TION, n. 1. The act of paying honors t^ a divine 
being ; the worship paid to God ; the act of addressing as 
a god- 2. Homage paid to one in high est iem ; profound 
reverence. 

A-DoRE'.w.f. [L. adoro.] 1. To worship wih profound rev- 
erence ; to pay divine honors to ; to honor as a god, or as 
divine. — Dryden. 2. To love in the highest degree ; to re- 
gard with the utmost esteem, affection, and respect. — 
Toiler. 3. To gild or adorn. — Spenser, [obs.] 

A-D5R.ED (a-dord'), pp. or a. Worshiped us divine ; highly 
reverenced ; grealy beloved. 

t A-DoRE'MENT, n. Adoration.— Brown. 

A-DoR'ER n. One who worships or honors as divin^; in 
popular language, an admiring lover. 

A-DoRTNG, ppr. or a. Honoring or addressing as divine ; 
regarding with great love or reverence. 

A-D5RTNG-LY, adv. With adoration. 

A-DORN', v. t. [L. adorno.] 1. To make beautiful ; to add to 
beauty by dress ; to put on external ornaments. 2. To set 
off to advantage ; to add ornaments to ; to embellish by 
any thing external or adventitious ; as, to adorn with jew- 
els. 3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing. 4. To dis- 
play the beauty or excellence of; as, "to adorn the doc- 
trine of God our Savior." — Syn. To deck ; decorate ; em- 
bellish ; ornament ; beautify ; grace ; garnish ; dignify ; ex- 
alt ; honor. 

I A-DORN', n. Ornament. — Spenser. 

*■ A-DORN', a. Adorned; decorated. — Milton. 

A-DORN'£D (a-dornd'), pp. Decked; decorated; embel- 
lished. 

A-DORN T, ER, n. One who adorns. 

A-DORNTNG, ppr. Ornamenting ; decorating ; displaying 
beauty. 

A-DORNTNG, n. Ornament ; decoration. 

A-DORNTNG-LY, adv. By adorning. 

f A-DORN'MENT. n. Ornament.— Raleigh. 

AD-OS-CU-LX'TION, n. [L. ad and osculatio.] The impreg- 
nation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils ; 
the inserting of one part of a plant into another. — Crabbe. 

A-DOSS'.ED (a-dost), a. [Fr. adossee.] In heraldry, placed 
back to back. 

A-DOWN', prep, [a and down.] From a higher to a lower 
situation ; downward ; implying descent 

A-DOWN', adv. Down ; on the ground; at the bottom. 

f A-DREAD' (a-dred'). a. Affected by dread. 

AD REF-ER-EN'DUM. [L.] For further consideration. 

A-DRI-AT1C, a. [L. Adria, or Hadria.] Pertaining to the 
gulf called, from Venice, the Venetian Gulf. 

a-DRIATTC, n. The Venetian Gulf. 

A-DRIFT, a. or adv. [Sax. adrifan.] Driven; floating; im- 
pelled or moving without direction. 

AD-RO-Ga'TION, n. [L. ad and rogo.] A species of adop- 
tion in ancient Rome. 

A-DROIT, a. [Fr.] Active in the use of the hands, and, fig- 
uratively, in the exercise of the mental faculties ; ready in 
invention or execution. — Syx. Dextrous ; skillful ; inge- 
nious ; expert ; ready. 

A-DROITLY, adv. With dexterity ; in a ready, skillful man 
ner. — Ch ester field. 

A-DROITNESS, n. Dexterity ; readiness in the use of the 
limbs or the mental faculties. — Home. 

A-DRT', a. [Sax. adrigan.] Thirsty ; in want of drink. 

AD-SCI-TI"TIOUS. a. [L. ascititius.] Added; taken as sup- 
plemental ; additional ; not requisite. 

AD'SCRIPT, n. [L.] One held to service, as attached to some 
place. &c. : as. the boors of Russia are adscripts of the soil 

AD-STRI€'TION, n. [L. adstrictio.] A binding fast; cos- 
tiveness ; a closeness of the emunctories. 



D6VE: 



-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— € as 
B 



AD-STRI€TO-RY, \ - AsTKIXGEVT 

AD-STRINd'ENT, J 6ee Astri>ge.nt. 

AD-U-La'PJ-A n. A semi-transparent variety of albite and 
feldspar. — Cleaveland. 

AD-U-Li'TION, n. [L. adulaiio.] Servile flattery; praise in 
excess ; high compliment. — Shakspeare. 

ADTJ-L A-TOR, n. A flatterer ; one who offers praise servilely. 

AD'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Flattering; containing excessive praise 
or compliments ; servilely praising. 

AD'U-L I-TRESS, n. A female who flatters with servility. 

A-DULT', a. [L. adultus.] Having arrived at mature years, 
or to full size and strength. 

A-DULT, n. A person grown to full size and strength, or to 
the years of manhood. Adult schools are schools intended 
for persons who were not educated in their youth. 

t AD'ULT-ED, part. a. Completely grown. 

A-DUL'TER-ANT. n. The person or thing that adulterates. 

A-DUL'TER-aTE, v. t. [L. aduliero.] To make impure by an 
admixture of baser materials. Boyle. — Syn. To corrupt; 
defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate. 

t A-DUL'TER-aTE, v. i. To commit adultery. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE, a. Tainted with adultery; debased by 
foreign mixture. 

A-DUL r TER-I-TED, pp. or a. Corrupted; debased by a mix- 
ture with something of less value. 

A-DULTER-ATE-LYra<fo. In an adulterate manner. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
debased or corrupted. 

A-DUL'TER-1-TLNG, ppr. Debasing ; corrupting ; counter- 
feiting. 

A-DUL-TER-1'TION, n. The act of adulterating, or the state 
of being adulterated, corrupted or debased by foreign ad- 
mixture. 

A-DUL'TER-ER n. [L. adulter.] 1. A man guilty of adul- 
tery ; a man who has sexual commerce with any married 
woman, except his wife. — 2. In Scripture, an idolater. — 
Ezek., xxiii. 3. An apostate from the true faith ; a very 
wicked person. — Jer., ix. 4. One devoted to earthly things. 
— James, iv. 

A-DUL'TER-ESS, n. A married woman guilty of inconti- 
nence. 

A-DUL'TER-INE, a. Proceeding from adulterous commerce ; 
spurious. — Hall. 

A-DUL'TER-INE, n. In the civil law, a child issuing from an 
adulterous connection. 

t A-DUL'TER-iZE, v. t. To commit adultery. 

A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of adultery ; pertaining to 
adultery. — 2. In Scripture, idolatrous ; very wicked. 
Matt., xii. 

A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In an adulterous manner. 

A-DUL'TER-Y, n. [L. adulterium.] 1. Violation of the mar- 
riage bed ; the unfaithfulness of any married person to the 
marriage bed. — 2. In a Scriptural sense, all manner of lewd- 
ness or unchastity, as in the seventh commandment — 3. 
In Scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true God.- 
Jer., hi. 

A-DULTNESS, n. The state of being adult 

AD-UM'BRANT, «. Giving a faint shadow, or slight resem 
blance. 

AD-UM'BRITE, v. t. [L. adumbro.] To give a faint shadow, 
or slight likeness. 

AD-UM~BRI'TION, n. 1. The act of making a shadow or 
faint resemblance. 2. A faint sketch ; an imperfect repre- 
sentation of a thing. Bacon. — 3. In heraldry, the shadow 
only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color darker 
than the field. 

f AD-U-Na'TION, n. The state of being united; union.— 
Cranmer. 

AD-UN'CI-TY, n. [L. aduncitas.] Hookedness ; a bending in 
form of a hook. — Arbuthnot. 

AD-UNC'OUS, a. [L. aduncus.] Hooked ; bent, or made in 
the form of a hook. — Bacon. 

t AD-UNQUE' (ad-unkO, a. Hooked.— Bacon. 

t A-DuRE', v. t. [L. aduro.] To burn up. 

A-DUST, a. [L. adustus.] Burned ; scorched ; become dry 
by heat ; hot and fiery. 

A-DUSTED, a. Become hot and dry ; burned ; scorched. 

t A-DUST'I-BLE, a. That may be burned up. 

A-DUSTION, n. The act of burning, scorching, or heating 
to dryness : a state of being thus heated or dried. 

AD VA-LO'REM. [L.] According to the value. An ad va- 
lorem duty is a certain per centage on the value or price. 

AD-VaNCE', v. t. [Fr. avancer.] The leading idea is, to bring 
forward; as, to advance the standards of an army ; to ad- 
vance arguments : hence, to bring or raise to a higher point 
1. In value, to raise ; as, to advance prices. 2. In office, to 
promote ; as, to advance to the bench. 3. In progress, to 
accelerate ; as, to advance the growth of any thing. 4. In 
improvement, to carry forward ; as, to advance the inter- 
ests of the country. — 5. In money concerns it denotes to 
pay in advance, or beforehand. — Syx. To bring forward ; 
allege ; adduce ; assign ; raise ; promote ; elevate ; exalt ; 
improve; heighten; accelerate. 

r7 G asTTs as Z"TcH~as~SHrTH as in this, t ObsoleTe. 



ADV 



18 



ADV 



4D-V1NCE', v. i. 1. To move or go forward ; to proceed. 
2. To improve or make progress ; to grow better, greater, 
wiser, or older. 3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence ; 
to be preferred or promoted. 

AD-VANCE', n. 1. A moving forward or toward the front. 
2. Gradual progression ; improvement ; as, an advance in 
religion or knowledge. 3. Advancement; promotion; pre- 
ferment. 4. First hint by way of invitation ; first step to- 
ward an agreement. — 5. In trade, additional price ; profit. 
6. A giving beforehand ; a furnishing of something, on con- 
tract, before an equivalent is received. 7. A furnishing of 
money or goods for others, in expectation of reimburse- 
ment ; or the property so furnished. — In advance, in front ; 
before ; also beforehand ; before an equivalent is received. 

AD-VaNCE'-GUARD, ) n. 1. The vanguard or first fine of 

AD-VaNC £D'-GUaRD, 3 an army. 2. A small party in ad- 
vance of the main body of an army. 

AD-VaNCED' (ad-vanstf), pp. Moved forward ; promoted ; 
improved ; furnished beforehand ; situated in front, or be- 
fore the rest ; also, old, having reached the decline of fife. 

AD-VaNCE'MENT, n. 1. The act of moving forward or pro- 
ceeding. 2. The state of being advanced in rank or excel- 
lence ; the act of promoting. 3. Settlement on a wife, or 
jointure. 4. Provision made by a parent for a child. 5. 
The payment of money in advance ; money advanced. — 
Syn. Progress ; progression ; improvement ; proficiency ; 
promotion ; exaltation ; elevation ; preferment ; enhance- 
ment. 

AD-VaNC'ER, n. One who advances ; a promotei 

AD-VaNC'ING, ppr. Moving forward ; proceeding; promot- 
ing ; raising to higher rank or excellence ; improving ; 
supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in trade. 

AD-VaNC'iVE, a. Tending to advance or promote. 

AD-VaNT'AgE, n. [Fr. avantage.] 1. Any state, condition, 
or circumstance favorable to success, prosperity, interest, 
or reputation. 2. Benefit ; gain ; profit. 3. Means to an 
end ; opportunity ; convenience for obtaining benefit ; as, 
to operate at an advantage. 4. Favorable state or circum- 
stances. 5. Superiority, or prevalence over ; with of or 
over. 6. Superiority, or that which gives it. 7. Interest ; 
increase ; overplus ; as, " and with advantage means to pay 
thy love."— Shaks., [obs.] 8. Additional circumstance to 
give preponderation. 

AD-VANTAGE, v. t. 1. To benefit ; to yield profit or gain. 

2. To promote ; to advance the interest of. 
AD-VANT'AgE-A-BLE, a. Profitable; convenient; gainful. 

[Little used.'] 

AD-VANTAGJD, pp. Benefited; promoted.— Burke. 

AD-VANT'AgE-GROUND, n. Ground'that gives advantage 
or superiority ; a state that gives superior advantages for 
annoyance or resistance. 

AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS, a. Being of advantage; furnishing 
convenience or opportunity to gain benefit with to. — Syn. 
Opportune ; convenient ; profitable ; beneficial ; useful ; 
gainful. 

AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-LY, adv. In an advantageous manner ; 
profitably ; usefully ; conveniently. 

AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
advantageous ; profitableness. 

AD-VANTAG-ING, ppr. Profiting; benefiting. 

1 AD-VE€-Ti"TIOUS, a. Brought in from abroad. 

AD-VeNE', v. i. [L. advenio.] To accede or come to ; to be 
added to. [Little used.] 

AD-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Advening ; coming from outward causes. 

AD'VENT, n. [L. adventus.] A corning; appropriately, the 
corning of our Savior; and in the calendar it includes four 
Sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew's 
Day, or on the Sabbath next before or after it, intended as 
a season of devoticn. 

f AD-VENT'INE, a. Adventitious.— Bacon. 

AD-VEN-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. adventitius.] Added extrinsical- 
ly ; accidental ; not essentially inherent ; casual ; foreign. 

AD-VEN-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally. 

AD-YEN-Tl"TIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being adventi- 
tious. 

AD-VENT'jfVE, a. Accidental ; adventitious. 

AD-VENTiVE, n. The thing or person that comes from 
without. — Bacon [little used.] 

AD-VENT'-U-AL, a. Relating to the season of advent. 

AD-VEN'TURE, n. [Fr. aventure.] 1. Hazard ; risk ; 
chance ; that of which one has no direction ; as, at all ad- 
ventures. 2. An enterprise of hazard ; a bold undertaking. 

3. A remarkable occurrence ; a striking event, more or 
less important ; as, the adventures of one's fife. 4. A small 
amount of property which sailors are permitted to take 
with them for trading in foreign ports, commonly called a 
venture. 5. A bill of adventure is a writing or receipt giv- 
en by one who ships goods, not on his own account, but at 
the risk of the owner, binding himself to account for the 
proceeds of said goods. — Syn. Incident ; occurrence ; 
event ; contingency. 

AD-VEN'TEJRE, v. t. To risk or hazard ; to put in the pow- 
er of unforeseen events. 



AD-VEN'TURE. v. I To dare ; to try the chance. 

AD-VENTtlRSD, pp. Put to hazard ; ventured ; risked. 

AD-VEN'TEJRE-FUL, a. Given to adventure ; full of enter 
prise. -Bentham. 

AD-VEN'TUR-ER, n. 1. One who hazards or puts some- 
thing at risk. 2. One who seeks occasions of chance, oi 
attempts extraordinary enterprises. 

AD-VEN'TURE-SoME, a. Bold ; daring ; incurring hazard 

AD-VEN'TtJRE-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being bold 
and venturesome. 

AD-VEN'TUR-ING, ppr. Putting to risk ; hazarding. 

AD-VEN'TUR-OUS, a. [Fr. adventureux.] 1. Inclined or will- 
ing to incur hazard; bold to encounter danger. 2. Pull of 
hazard ; attended with risk ; exposing to danger ; requir- 
ing courage ; as, an adventurous deed. — Syn. Bold ; enter- 
prising ; daring : courageous ; rash ; foolhardy. 

AD-VENTtJR-OUS-LY, adv. Boldly ; daringly ; in a man- 
ner to incur hazard. 

AD-VENTUR-OUS-NESS, n. The act or quality of being 
adventurous. 

AD'VERB, n. [L. adverbium.] In grammar, a word used to 
modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or anoth- 
er adverb, and usually placed near it ; as, he writes well 

AD-VERB'I-AL, a. Pertaining to an adverb. 

AD-VERB'I-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an adverb. 

t AD-VERS'A-BLE, a. Contrary to ; opposite to. 

AD-VER-Sa'RI-A, n. [L. from adversus.] 1. Among the an- 
cients, a book of accounts. 2. A common-place book. 3. 
A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, &c, such as 
one makes in a common-place book. 

AD-VER-SX'RI-OUS, a. Adversary.— Southey. [Bad.] 

AD'VER-SA-RY, n. 1. An enemy or foe ; one who has en • 
mity at heart. 2. One who is arrayed against another, as 
in a suit at law, or in single combat ; an opposing litigant. 
— Syn. Antagonist ; opponent ; opposer ; foe ; enemy. 

AD'VER-SA-RY, a. Opposed ; opposite to ; adverse. 

AD-VER-S'A-TiVE, a. Noting some difference, contrariety, 
or opposition. 

AD-VERS'A-TlVE, n. A word denoting contrariety or op- 
position. 

AD'VERSE, a. [L. adversus.] 1. Acting in a contrary direo 
tion ; conflicting ; counteracting. 2. Figuratively, oppos- 
ing desire ; contrary to the wishes or to supposed good , 
hence, unfortunate ; calamitous ; afflictive ; pernicio\is ; un- 
prosperous.— Syn. Opposite; contrary; inimical; hostile ; 
repugnant; wayward. 

t AD-VERSE' (ad-vers'), v. t. To oppose.— Gower 

AD'VERSE-LY, adv. In an adverse manner ; oppositely . 
unfortunately ; unprosperously ; in a manner contrary to 
desire or success. 

AD'VERSE-NESS, n. Opposition ; unprosperousness. 

AD-VERS1-TY, n. An event, or series of events, which op- 
pose success or desire : state of unhappiness. — Syn. Ca- 
lamity ; misfortune ; affliction ; distress ; misery. 

AD- VERT, v. i. [L. adverto.] To turn the mind or attention 
to ; with to. — Syn. To attend ; regard ; notice ; refer to 

t AD-VERT, v. t. To regard ; to advise. 

AD-VERT'ED, pp. Attended to ; regarded ; with to. 

AD-VERT'ENCE, In. A direction of the mind to ; atten- 

AD-VERTEN-CY, > tion ; notice ; regard ; consideration ; 
needfulness. 

AD-VERT'ENT, a. Attentive ; heedful. 

AD-VERTENT-LY, adv. In an advertent manner. 

AD-VERTING, ppr. Attending to ; regarding ; observing. 

AD-VER-TlSE', v. t. [Fr. avertir.] 1. To give notice, ad- 
vice, or intelligence to, whether of a past or present event, 
or of something future. 2. To publish a notice of; to pub- 
lish a written or printed account of. — Syn. To apprise ; 
inform ; make known ; announce ; proclaim ; promul- 
gate ; publish. 

AD-VER-TlS'.ED (ad-ver-«zd'), pp. Informed ; warned ; 
used of persons : published ; made known ; used of things. 

* AD-VER'TiSE-MENT, n. Especial notice given in the 
newspapers, &c. ; information ; admonition ; notice gi\v*i. 

AD-VER-TIS'ER, n. One who advertises. This title is oft 
en given to public prints. 

AD-VER-TlS'ING, ppr. 1. Informing ; giving notice ; pub- 
fishing notice. 2. a. Having or furnishing advertisements; 
as, advertising customers. 

AD-VICE', n. [Fr. avis.] 1. An opinion recommended ot 
offered as worthy to be followed. 2. Prudence ; deliber 
ate consideration ; as, to act upon advice. — Shaks. 3. In- 
telligence ; commonly in the plural ; as, advices have hist 
been received. — Syn. Counsel ; admonition ; deliberation 
consultation ; information ; notice. 

AD-ViCE'-BoAT, n. A vessel employed to carry dispatches 
or information. 

t AD-VIg'IL-aTE, v. t. To watch. 

AD-ViSA-BLE, a. [See Advise.] 1. Proper to be advised ; 
proper to be done or practiced. 2. Open to advice. 
South.— Syn. Prudent; expedient; proper; desirable. 

AD-VlSA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being advisable or 
expedient. 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



MO 



19 



AFA 



AD-VlS'A-BLY, adv. With advice. 

AD VifflE',-*. t. [Ft. aviser.] 1. To give counsel to ; to offer 
an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed. 2. To 
give information ; to communicate notice ; to make ac- 
quainted with. — Syn. To counsel ; admonish ; inform ; 
apprise ; acquaint ; make known. 

AD-VISE', v. i. To deliberate, weigh well, or consider. 

AD-VlS'£D (ad-vlzd 1 ), pp. or a. 1. Informed ; counseled ; 
also, cautious ; prudent ; acting with deliberation. 2. Done, 
formed, or taken with advice or deliberation ; intended. 

AD-ViS'ED-LY, adv. With deliberation or advice ; heed- 
fully ; purposely ; by design. 

AD-VlS'ED-NESS, n. Deliberate consideration; prudent 
procedure. 

AD-VlSE'MENT, n. 1. Counsel ; information ; circumspec- 
tion. 2. Consultation. — Mass. Reports. 

AD-VlS'ER, n. One who gives advice or admonition ; also, 
in a bad sense, one who instigates. 

AD-VlS'ING, ppr. Giving counsel or information. 

AD-VlS'ING, n. Advice; counsel:— Shaks. 

\ AD-Vl'SO, n. Advice ; consideration. 

AD-VlS'O-RY, a. 1. Having power to advise. — Madison. 2. 
Containing advice. 

AD'VO-GA-CY, n. 1. The act of pleading for or vindicating ; 
defensej vindication. 2. Judicial pleading ; law-suit. 

AD'VO-CaTE, n. [L. advocatus.] 1. One who pleads the 
cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court. 2. 
One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause by argu- 
ment ; one who is friendly to ; as, an advocate for peace. 
— In Scripture, Christ is called an advocate for his people. 
— Faculty of Advocates, in Scotland, is a society of eminent 
lawyers, consisting of about two hundred, who practice in 
the highest courts. — Judge advocate, in courts martial, is a 
person who manages the prosecution. 

AD'VO-CaTE, v. t. To plead in favor of; to defend by ar- 
gument before a tribunal or the public ; to support or vin- 
dicate.— Milton, Mackenzie, Mitford, Burke. 

AD'VO-€a-TED, pp. Defended by argument ; vindicated. 

AD'VO-GATE-SHIP, n. The office or duty of an advocate. 

AD'VO-€a-TESS, n. A female advocate. 

AD'VO-Ca-TING, ppr. Supporting by reasons ; defending ; 
maintaining. 

AD-VO-CITION, n. A pleading for ; plea ; apology. 

\ AD-VO-La'TION, n. A flying to something. 

f AD-VO-Lu'TION, n. The act of rolling to something. 

AD-VOUTRER, n. An adulterer. 

AD-VOU'TRESS, n. An adulteress.— Bacon. 

f AD-VOU'TROUS, a. Adulterous. 

AD-VOUTRY, n. Adultery.— Bacon. [Little used.} 

1D-VOW-EE', n. 1. He who has the right of advowson. 2. 
The advocate of a church or religious house. 

AD-VOWSON, n. [Norm, avoerie, or avoeson.] In English 
law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice, or a right 
of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church. — 
Blackstone. 

ID-VOY'ER, In. [old Fr. advoes.) A chief magistrate of a 

A-VOY'ER, 5 town or canton in Switzerland? 

aD Y, n. The popular name of a species of palm-tree in the 
West Indies. 

a-DY-NAM'IC, a. Weak ; destitute of strength. 

A-DYN'A-MY, n. [Gr. a, privative, and Svvafxis, power.] In 
medicine, weakness occasioned by disease. — Morin. 

A-Df TUM, n. [L. ; Gr. advrov.] A secret apartment. In an- 
cient temples, a secret place whence oracles were given. 

ADZ', n. [Sax. adese, formerly written in Eng. addice.] An 
iron instrument having an arching blade athwart the han- 
dle. 

/E. A diphthong in the Latin language, used also by the Saxon 
writers. It answers to the Greek at. The Saxon <z has 
been changed into e or ea. In derivatives from the learned 
languages it is mostly superseded by e, and convenience 
seems to require it to be wholly rejected in Anglicized 
words. 

/ED, ed, ead, syllables found in names from the Saxon, signify 
happy ; as, Eadric, happy kingdom ; Edward, prosperous 
watch. — Gibson. 

/EDlLE, n. [Lat.] In ancient Rome, an officer who had the 
care of the public buildings, &c. 

/E'GlL-OPS, n. [Gr. aiy iX wi//.] A tumor in the corner of the 
eye, and a plant so called. 

<E'GIS, n. [Gr. aiyig.] A shield, or defensive armor; origi- 
nally applied to the shield given by Jupiter to Minerva. 

/EG'LOGUE (eglog), n. A pastoral; an eclogue. 

.E-GYP-Tl'A-CUM, n. An ointment. 

,EL, al, alh, or eal, in Saxon, English all, are seen in many 
names, as in Alfred, Alfred, all peace. — Gibson. 

/ELF seems to be one form of help, but more generally writ- 
ten elph, or ulph, as in JElfwin, victorious aid. — Gibson. 

zE-Ne'ID, n. An epic poem by Virgil, of which ^Eneas is the 

hero. 
E-6'LI-AN, n. 1. Pertaining to iEolus, the god of the winds. 

2. Pertaining to iEolia, a part of Greece. 
E-oTJ-AN H1RP. See Eolian Harp. 



iE-OLTG, a. Pertaining to iEolia, a part of Greece. 

iE'O-LIST, n. [L. Molus.] A pretender to inspiration 

jE-OL'O-PHiLE. See Eolophilk. 

jE-QUIN'0-LITE. See Pitch Stone. 

a'ER-aTE, v. t. 1. To combine with carbonic acid, former, 
ly called fixed air. 2. In zoology, to change the circulating 
fluids of animals by means of air ; to arterialize. 

A'ER-A-TED, pp. Comianed with carbonic acid ; arterial- 

_ ized. 

a'ER-a-TING, ppr. Combining with carbonic acid ; arteri- 
alizing. 

a-ER-a'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of combining with 
carbonic acid. — 2. In zoology, the arterialization of the 
blood. — 3. In agriculture, the exposure of soil to the free 
action of the air, as essential to the growth of plants. 

A-E'RI-AL, a. [L. aerius.] 1. Belonging to the air or atmos- 
phere. 2. Consisting of air ; partaking of the nature of 
air. 3. Produced by air. 4. Inhabiting or frequenting the 
air. 5. Placed in the air ; high ; lofty ; elevated. — Aerial 
perspective, [see Perspective.] 

1-E'RI-ANS, n. pi. In church history, a branch of Arians, so 
called from Aerius. 

* A'E-RIE (a'ry, or e'ry), n. [W. eryr.] The nest of a bird of 
prey, as of an eagle or hawk ; a brood of such birds. 

i-ER-1-FI-Cl'TION, n. 1. The act of combining air with ; 
the state of being filled with air. 2. The act of becoming 
air, or changing into an aeriform state ; the state of being 
aeriform. — Fourcroy. 

A/ER-I-Fl JED, pp. Having air infused or combined with. 

A'ER-I-FORM, a. [L. aer and forma.] Having the form or 

_ nature of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid. 

A'ER-I-Ff, v. t. To infuse air into ; to fill with air, or to 
combine air with. 

l-ER-0-DY-NAM'I€S, n. The science which treats of the 
mechanical effects of air in motion. 

i-ER-OG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. anp and yvuxrig.] The science 
which treats of the properties of air, and the part it per- 
forms in the operations of nature. 

A-ER-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. arfp and ypa<pu).] A description 
of the air or atmosphere ; but aerology is chiefly used. 

A.'ER-0-LlTE, n. [Gr. arjp and Xidog.] A stone falling from 
the air or atmospheric regions ; a meteoric stone. 

X-ER-O-LOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to aerology. 

A.-ER-OL'0-GlST, n. One who is-versed in aerology. 

A-ER-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ar\p and Aoyo?.] A description of the 
air ; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air. 

A'ER-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ayp and /xavreia.] Divination by 

_ means of the air and winds. 

A-ER-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ar\p and jxtrpov.] An instrument 
for making the proper corrections in ascertaining the mean 
bulk of gases. 

A-ER-OM'E-TRY, n. The science of measuring the air, now 
called pneumatics; the art or science of ascertaining the 

_ mean bulk of the gases. 

A'ER-O-NAUT, n. [Gr. arjp and vavrrjg.] One who sails or 
floats in the air ; an aerial navigator. — Burke. 

A-ER-O-NAUT'IC, a. Sailing or floating in the air ; pertain 
ing to aerial sailing. 

A-ER-O-NAUTICS, n. The doctrine, science, or art of sail- 
ing in the oir by means of a balloon. 

i'ER-O-NAUT-ISM, n. The practice of ascending and float- 
ing in the atmosphere in balloons. — Jour, of Science. 

A-ER-O-SCEP'SY, n. [Gr. «?//) and aKi~rop.ai, to explore i 
The faculty of perception by the medium of the air, sup- 
posed to reside in the antenna? of insects. 

A-ER-OS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. a??/>_and oketttoiaizi.] The observa 
tion or perception of the air. 

a'ER-O-PHyTE, n. A plant which lives exclusively in the 
air. 

A"ER-0-SlTE. See Red Silver. 

a'ER-O-STAT, n. [Gr. arjp and oraTog.] _ A machine or ves- 
sel sustaining weights in the air ; an air balloon. 

A-ER-O-STATIC, a. Suspending in ah- ; pertaining to the 
art of aerial navigation. 

I-ER-0-STATTCS, n. The science of aerial navigation. 

a-ER-OS-Ta'TION, n. 1. Aerial navigation ; the science of 
raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air — 
Adams. 2. The science of weighing an-. 

jE-Ru'(JIN-OUS, a. Partaking of copper rust. 

A'ER-Y-LTGHT. In Milton, light as air ; used for airy light. 

iES'€HY-NiTE (es^e-nlte), n. A black or dark brownish 
yellow ore, from the Ural Mountains, containing titanium, 
zirconium, and cerium. _ _ 

iES-THETTG (es-thefik), a. Pertaining to the perception 
of the beautiful. See Esthetic 

iES-THET'I-GS, n. [Gr. ahdrjaig.] The science which treats 
of the beautiful, or of the theory and philosophy of taste. 

iES-TI-Vl'TION (es-te-va'shun), n. See Estivation. 

a-E-THE-OG'A-MOUS, a. The same as cryptogamic. 

jE-TI-OL'O-gY, n. [Gr. airtn and Aoyoj.] The science of the 
causes of disease. See Etiology. 

iE-Ti'TES, n. Eagle stone. 

A-F1R', adv. [a and far.] 1. At a distance in place ; to or 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z : cH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



AFF 



20 



AFF 



from a distance.— 2. In Scripture, figuratively, estranged in 
affection ; alienated. 3. Absent ; not assisting. 

t A-FeARD', a. [Sax. aferan.] Afraid ; affected with fear or 
apprehension. 

AF'FA, n. A weight of an ounce, used on the Guinea 
coast. 

AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being affable ; readiness 
to converse ; courteousness in receiving others, and in con- 
versation ; condescension in manners.— Syn. Courtesy ; 
courteousness ; urbanity ; civility ; complaisance. 

AF'FA-BLE, a. [L. affabilis.] 1. Easy of conversation ; ad- 
mitting others to free conversation without reserve ; of 
easy manners ; condescending ; usually applied to superi- 
ors. 2. Applied to external appearance, affable denotes 
that combination of qualities which invites to conversation, 
and renders a person accessible ; opposed to forbidding ; 
as, affable deportment. — Syn. Courteous ; civil ; complai- 
sant ; accessible ; mild : benign ; condescending. 

AF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Affability. 

AF'FA-BLY, adv. In an affable manner ; courteously ; invit- 
ingly, 

t AF'FA-BROUS, a. Skillfully made. 

AF-FAB-U-La'TION, n. The moral of a fable.— Knowles. 

AF-FaIR', n. [Fr. affaire.] 1. Business of any kind ; that 
which is done, or is to be done. In the plural, it denotes 
transactions in general ; as, human affairs. 2. Matters ; 
state ; condition of business or concerns. 3. In the singu- 
lar, it is used for a private dispute or duel, or a partial en- 
gagement of troops. 4. Affairs, in the plural, denotes pub- 
lic concerns and their management ; as, " at the head of 
affairs" — Junius ; " a talent for affairs." — Prescott. 

t AF-FAM'ISH, v. t. [Fr. affamir.) To starve. 

r AF-FAM'ISH-MENT, n. Starvation. 

AF-FeAR' (af-lereO, v. t. To frighten.— Spenser. [Obs.] See 
Affeer. 

AF-FECT, v. t. [L. officio, affectum.] 1. To act upon ; to pro- 
duce an effect or change upon. 2. To act upon, or move 
the passions. 3. To aim at ; aspire to ; desire or entertain 
pretension to ; as, to " affect imperial sway." — Dryden, {lit- 
tle used.] 4. To tend to by natural affinity or disposition. 
5. To love, or regard with fondness ; [this sense is closely 
connected with the third.] 6. To make a show of ; to at- 
tempt to imitate in a manner not natural ; to study the ap- 
pearance of what is not natural or real. — Syn. To influ- 
ence ; operate ; act on ; concern ; move ; melt ; soften ; 
subdue ; overcome ; pretend ; assume ; put on. 

AF-FECT-A'TION, n. [L. affectatio.] 1. An attempt to as- 
sume or exhibit what is not natural or real ; false pretense ; 
artificial appearance or show. 2. Fondness ; affection. — 
Hooker, [not used.] 

AF-FE€T"ED, pp. 1. Impressed ; moved or touched, either 
in person or in interest ; having suffered some change by 
external force, loss, danger, and the like. 2. Touched in 
the feelings ; having the feelings excited. 3. Having the 
passions moved. — a. 1. Inclined or disposed ; followed by 
to ; as, well affected to the state. 2. Given to false show ; 
assuming or pretending to possess what is not natural or 
real. 3. Assumed artificially ; not naturally. — 4. In algebra, 
this term, when applied to an equation, denotes that two 
or more several powers of the unknown quantity enter into 
the equation. 

AF-FECT'ED-LY, adv. In an affected manner; hypocriti- 
cally ; with more show than reality ; formally ; studious- 
ly; unnaturally. 

AF-FECTED-NESS, n. The quality of being affected ; af- 
fectation. 

AF-FECT-I-BIL1-TY, n. The state of being affectible. 

AF-FECT'I-BLE, a. That may be affected. 
AF-FECTING, ppr. 1. Impressing ; having an effect on ; 
touching the feelings ; moving the passions ; attempting a 
false show ; greatly desiring ; aspiring to possess. — 2. a. 
Having power to excite or move the passions ; tending to 
move the affections. — Syn. Pathetic ; tender ; feeling. 
AF-FECTING-LY, adv. In an affecting manner ; in a man- 
ner to excite emotions. 
AF-FEC'TION, n. 1. The state of being affected, [little used.] 
2. Passion. 3. A bent of mind toward a particular object, 
holding a middle place between disposition, which is natu- 
ral, and passion, which is excited by the presence «>f its ex- 
citing object. 4. A settled good will, love, or zealous at- 
tachment; as, the affection of a parent for his child. 5. De- 
sire ; inclination ; propensity, good or evil. 6. An attri- 
bute, quality, or property, which is inseparable from its 
object ; as, love, fear, and hope are affections of the mind. 
— 7. Among physicians, a disease, or any particular morbid 
state of the body ; as, a gouty affection. — 8. In painting, a 
lively representation of passion.— Syn. Passion; attach- 
ment ; tenderness ; fondness ; kindness ; love ; good will. 
AF-FECTION-ATE, a. [Fr. affectionnl] 1. Having great 
love or affection ; fond. 2. Warm in affection ; zealous. 

3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love ; benevolent. 

4 . Strongly inclined to. — Syn. Tender f attached ; loving ; 
devoted : warm ; fond ; earnest. 



With affection"; fondly; ten- 
Fondness ; good will ; affec- 



AF-FEC'TION-ATE-LY, adv. 
derly ; kindly. — 1 Thess., ii. 

AF-FEC'TION-ATE-NESS, n. 
tion. 

AF-FECTION.ED, a. 1. Disposed; having an affection of 
heart. — Rom., xii. 2. Affected ; conceited. — Shah., [obs.] 

t AF-FECTIOUS-LY, adv. In an affecting manner. 

AF-FECT'I VE, a. That affects or excites emotion ■ suited to 
affect, [little used.] 

AF-FE€TlVE-LY, adv. In an affective or impressive man- 
ner. 

AF-FECTOR, ? n. One who affects ; one who practices af 

AF-FECT'ER, 5 fectation. 

t AF-FE€T'tT-OUS, a. Full of passion.— Leland. 

t AF-FECT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Passionateness. 

t AF-FEER', v. t. [Fr. affier.] To confirm. 

AF-FEER', v. t. [Fr. offerer.] In law, to assess or reduce an 
arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum. — Black- 
stone. 

AF-FEER.ED (af-feerd'), pp. Moderated in 6um ; assessed , 
reduced to a certainty. 

AF-FEER'MENT, n. The act of affeering. 

AF-FEER'OR, n. One who affeers.— Cowel. 

AF-FET-TU-O'SO, or CON AF-FET'TO. [It.] In music, a 
direction to render notes soft and affecting. 

AF-Fl'ANCE, n. [Norm, affiaunce.] 1. The marriage con- 
tract or promise ; faith pledged. 2. Trust, especially in 
God ; confidence ; reliance. 

AF-FlANCE, v. t. 1. To betroth ; to pledge one's faith or 
fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage. 2. To give 
confidence. — Pope. 

AF-Fl'ANGED (af-fi'anst), pp. or a. Pledged in marriage; 
betrothed ; bound in faith. 

AF-FlANC-ER, n. One who makes a contract of marriage 
between parties. 

AF-FlANC-ING, ppr. Pledging in marriage ; promising 
fidelity. 

t AF-FI-Da'TION, ) M . , . . 

t AF-FI-DI'TURE, I n - Mutual contr act. 

AF-FI-Da'VIT, n. [an old law verb in the perfect tense ; he 
made oath.] A declaration upon oath ; a declaration in 
writing, sworn to before a magistrate. 

AF-Fl'JSD (af-f Ide'),^w«. or a. Joined by contract; affianced. 

t AF-FlLE', v. t. [Fr. affiler.] To polish.— Chaucer. 

AF-FIL'I-aTE, v. t. [Fr. affdicr.] 1. To adopt; to receive 
into a family as a son. 2. To receive into a society as a 
member, and initiate in its mysteries, plans, or intrigues ; 
a sense in which the word was much used in France during 
the revolution. 

AF-FIL'I-a-TED, pp. or a. Adopted ; associated ; received 
into a society or union. 

AF-FIL'I-a-TING, ppr. or a. Adopting ; associating ; receiv 
ing into a society or union. 

AF-FIL-I-a'TION, n. 1. Adoption; association in the same 
family or society.— 2. In English law, the assignment of a 
child, as a bastard, to its father. — Brande's Cyc. 

AF'FIN-AGE, n. A refining of metals. 

t AF-FlN'£D (af-find'), a. [L. affinis.] Joined by affinity ; re- 
lated. — Spe?iser, [obs.] 

AF-FIN'I-TY, n. [L. affinitas.] 1. The relation contracted by 
marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred, and 
between a wife and her husband's kindred ; in contradis 
tinction from consanguinity. 2. Agreement ; relation 
conformity; resemblance; connection.— 3. In chemistry, 
attraction at insensible distances between the heterogene 
ous particles of bodies, causing them to form compounds 

AF-FiRM', v. t. [L. affirmo.] 1. To assert positively ; to tell 
with confidence ; to declare the existence of something 
to maintain as true ; opposed to deny. 2. To make firm , 
as, to affirm the decision of a court.— Syn. To assert; aver ; 
declare ; asseverate ; assure ; pronounce ; protest ; avouch 
confirm ; establish ; ratify. 

AF-FiRM', v. i. To declare solemnly. 

AF-FiRMA-BLE, a. That may be asserted or declaied. 

AF-FiRM'A-BLY, adv. In a way capable of affirmation. 

AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. 1. Confirmation ; ratification ; as, the 
affirmance of a judgment. 2. Declaration; affirmation, [lit- 

AF-FiRMANT, n. One who affirms. 

AF-FiRM- A'TION, n. 1. The act of affirming or asserting as 
true. 2. That which is asserted ; position declared as true ; 
averment. 3. Confirmation ; ratification ; an establishing 
of what had been before done or decreed. 4. A solemn 
declaration, made under the penalties of perjury, in lieu of 
taking an oath. 

AF-FtRMA-TIVE, a. 1. That affirms or asserts ; declarato 
ry of what exists ; opposed to negative. 2. Confirmative, 
ratifying. — 3. In algebra, positive ; as, affirmative quantities 
4. Positive ; dogmatic. — Taylor, [obs.] 

AF-FtRMA-TIVE, n. That side of a question which affirms 
or maintains ; opposed to negative. 

AF-FiRM' A-TlVE-LY, adv. In an affirmative manner ; pos- 
itively ; on the affirmative side of a question. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BiRD A6VE, BOOK, 



AFF 



21 



AFK, 



ilF-FIRM'ED (af-furind'), pp. Declared; asserted, averred; 
confirmed ; ratified. 

AF-FiRMER. n. One who aflirms. 

AF-FIRM'ING, ppr. Asserting ; declaring positively ; con- 
firming. 

AF-FFX', v. t. [L. affigo, affixum.] 1. To unite at the end, or 
add at the close. 2. To attach, unite, or connect with ; as, 
"ideas with names affixed to them." — Locke. 3. To fix or 
fasten in any manner .— Syn. To attach; subjoin; connect; 
annex ; unite. 

AF'FIX, n. A syllable or letter added to the end of a word. 

AF-FFX'£D (af-fixf), pp. United at the end ; annexed ; at 
tached. 

AF-FLXTNG,£pr. Uniting at the end ; subjoining ; attaching. 

AF-FIX'ION, n. The act of uniting at the end, or state of 
being so united. [Little used.] 

AF-FIXTURE, n. That which is affixed. 

AF-FLa'TION, n. [L. affio, afflatum.] A blowing or breath- 
ing on. 

AF-FLa'TUS, n. [L.] 1. A breath or blast oi wind. 2. In- 
spiration ; communication of divine knowledge, or the 
power of prophecy. 

AF-FLI€T, v. t. [L. affligo, afflicto.) To give to the body or 
mind pain which is continued. — Syn. To trouble ; grieve ; 
pain ; distress ; harass ; torment ; wound ; hurt 

AF-FLI€TEB,pp. or a. Affected with continued, or often-re- 
peated pain, either of body or mind ; suffering grief or dis- 
tress of any kind. 

AF-FLICTED-NESS, n. The state of being afflicted ; but 
superseded by affliction. 

AF-FLI€T'ER, n. One who afflicts. 

AF-FLICTTNG, ppr. Causing continued pain of body or 
mind ; grieving ; distressing. 

AF-FLICTTNG, a. Grievous ; distressing. 

AF-FLICTTNG-LY, adv. In an afflicting manner. 

AF-FLICTION, n. 1. The state of being aflhcted ; a state 
of pain, distress, or grief. 2. The cause of continued pain 
of body or mind, as sickness, losses, &c. — Syn. Calamity ; 
trouble ; distress ; grief ; pain ; adversity ; misery ; wretch- 
edness; misfortune. 

AF-FLICTIVE, a. Giving pain ; causing continued or re- 
peated pain or grief; painful ; distressing. — Syn. Painful ; 
distressing ; grievous ; calamitous ; adverse ; oppressive. 

AF-FLI€TlVE LY, adv. In a manner to give pain. 

AFTLU-ENCE, n. [L. qffluentia.] 1. Literally, a flowing to. 
[In this sense it is rarely used.] It is sometimes written af- 
fiuency. — 2. Figuratively, abundance of riches. Rogers. — 
Syn. Abundance ; exuberance ; plenty ; wealth ; opulence. 

AFTLU-ENT, a. Flowing to ; more generally, wealthy ; 
abounding in goods or riches ; abundant 

AF'FLU-ENT-LY, adv. In abundance ; abundantly. 

AFTLUX n- [L. affluxum.] The act of flowing to ; a flow- 
ing to, or that which flows to. 

AF-FLUXION, ?t. The act of flowing to ; that which flows 
to. 

AFTOR-AGE, n. [Fr. afforer.] In France, a certain duty paid 
to the lord of a district 

\ AF-FoRCE'MENT, n. In old charters, a fortress ; a fortifi- 
cation for defense. — Cyc. 

AF-FoRD', v. t. [ad, and the root oi forth, further, G.f&rd- 
ern.] 1. To yield or produce as a natural result , as, our 
garden affords us vegetables. 2. To yield, grant or confer ; 
as, to afford shelter. 3. To be able to grant or sell with 
profit or without loss ; as, he can afford to sell low. 4. To 
be able to expend without injury to one's estate ; as, he 
can afford the expense. — Syn. To give ; impart ; yield ; 
produce. 

AF-FoRD'ED, pp. Yielded as fruit, produce, or result ; sold 
without loss or with profit. 

AF-FoRDTNG, ppr. Yielding ; producing ; selling without 
loss ; bearing expenses. 

t AF-FoRD'MENT, n. Grant; donation.— Lord. 

AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To convert ground into forest 

AF-FOR-EST-i'TION, n. The act of turning ground into 
forest or wood-land. 

AF-FOR'EST-ED, pp. Converted into forest 

AF-FOR'EST-FNG, ppr. Converting into forest 

AF-FRAN'CHiSE. v. t. To make free. 

AF-FRAN'CHiS£-MENT, n. The act of making free, or lib- 
erating. [Little used.] 

JAF-FRAP', v. t. and i. [Fv. f rapper.] To strike. 

t AF-FRIY', v. t. [Fr. effrayer.] To fright ; to terrify, (Spen- 
ser ;) to be put in doubt. 

AF-FRaY, )n. [Fr. effrayer.] 1. In law, the fighting 

AF-FRaY'MENT, ) of two or more persons in a public 
place, to the terror of others. Blackstone. — 2. In popular 
language, a petty fight — Syn. Quarrel ; brawl ; scuffle ; 
encounter ; fight ; contest ; feud ; tumult ; disturbance. 

AF-FREIGHT (af-fi-ateO. v. t. To hire a ship for the trans- 
portation of goods or freight. 
AF-FREIGHTED. pp. Fiired for transporting goods. 
AF-FREIGHTER, n. The person who hires or charters a 
ship or other vessel to convey goods. — Walsh. 



AF-FREIGHTMENT (af-frate'ment), *. The act of hiring a 
ship for the transportation of goods — Amer. Review. 

t AF-FRET', n. [It affrettare.] A furious onset or attack 
Spenser. 

f AF-FRIC'TION. n. The act of rubbing.— Boyle. 

t AF-FRIEND'ED (af-frend'ed), a. Made friends ; reconciled. 
— Spenser. 

AF-FRlGHT' (af-frite'), v. t. [Sax. frihtan.] To impress with 
sudden fear, terror, or alarm. — Syn. To terrify ; frighten ; 
alarm ; dismay ; daunt ; intimidate ; appall ; shock ; con- 
found ; dishearten ; dispirit 

AF-FRlGHT / (af-frite'), n. Sudden or great fear ; terror ; 
also, the cause of terror ; a frightful object 

AF-FE.lGHT'ED. pp. Suddenly alarmed with fear ; terrified. 

AF-FRIGHT'ED-LY, adv. With fright. 

AF-FRlGHT'ER, n. One who frightens. 

AF-FRlGHT'FUL, a. Terrifying ; terrible ; that may excite 
great fear ; dreadful. 

AF-FRlGHT'FUL-LY, adv. Frightfully. 

AF-FRlGHT'ING. ppr. Impressing sudden fear ; terrifying. 

AF-FRlGHT'MENT, n. Affright ; terror ; the state of being 
frightened. [Rarely used. In common discourse, the use of 
this word in all its forms is superseded by fright, frighted, 
frightful.] 

AF-FR6NT (af-frunt), v. t. [Fr. affronter.] 1. To meet or en- 
counter face to face, in a good or bad sense, [obs.] 2. To 
offer abuse to the face, or openly, by words or actions. 3. 
To offer abuse, or give cause of offense to, without being 
present with the person ; to make slightly angry ; a popular 
use of the word. — Syn. To insult ; abuse ; outrage ; brave ; 
dare ; defy ; offend ; provoke ; pique ; nettle ; displease. 

AF-FR6NT', n. 1. Opposition to the face ; open defiance ; 
encounter, [obs.] 2. El treatment ; abuse ; any thing re- 
proachful or contemptuous that excites or justifies resent- 
ment. 3. Shame; disgrace, [not used.] — 4. la. popular lan- 
guage, slight resentment ; displeasure. 

AF-FR6NTED, pp. 1. Opposed face to face ; dared ; de- 
fied ; abused. 2. In popular language, offended ; slightly 
angry at ill treatment by words or actions ; displeased. 

AF-FR6NT-EE', a. In heraldry, front to front; an epithet 
given to animals that face each other. 

AF-FR6NTER, n. One that affronts. 

AF-FR6NTTNG,£pr. Opposing face to face ; defying; abus- 
ing ; offering abuse, or any cause of displeasure. 

AF-FR6NTTNG. a. Contumelious ; abusive. 

AF-FR6NTTXG-LY, adv. In an affronting manner. 

AF-FRoNT'l VE, a. Giving offense : tendingto offend ; abusive. 

AF-FR6NTJVE-NES3, n. The quality "that gives offense. 
[Little used.] 

AF-FuSE', v. t. [L. affundo, affusum.] To pour upon; to 
sprinkle, as with a liquid. 

AF-FOS'-ED (af-fuzd'), pp. Sprinkled with a liquid; sprin- 
kled on ; having a liquid poured upon. 

AF-FuS'ING, ppr. Pouring upon or sprinkling. 

AF-Fu'SION (af-fu'zhun), n. The act of pouring upon, or 
sprinkling with a liquid substance, as water upon a diseas 
ed body, or upon a child in baptism. 

t AF-FY', v. t. [Fr. affier.] To betroth ; to bind or join. 

t AF-FY'. v. t. To trust or confide in. 

A-FIeLD' (a-feeld 7 ), adv. To the field.— Milton. 

A-FlRE', adv. On fire. — Gower. 

A-FLAT', adv. Level with the ground. — Bacon. 

A-FLoAT, aav. or a. 1. Borne on the water ; floating ; 
swimming. 2. Moving ; passing from place to place. 3. 
Unfixed ; moving without guide or control. 

A-FOOT', adv. 1. ~On foot ; borne by the feet ; opposed to 
riding. 2. In action ; in a state of being planned for exe- 
cution ; as, a design is afoot, or on foot. 

A-FoRE', adv. or prep. 1. In front. 2. Between one object 
and another, so as to intercept a direct view or intercourse. 
3. Prior in time ; before ; anterior. In all these senses it 
is now inelegant and superseded by before. — 4. In seamen's 
language, toward the head of the ship ; further forward, 
or nearer the stem ; as, afore the windlass. 

A-FoRE'Go-ING, a. Going before. 

A-FoRETfAND, adv. 1. In time previous ; by previous pro- 
vision. 2. a. Prepared ; previously provided ; as, to be 
aforehand in business. 

A-FoRE'MEN-TION£D, a. Mentioned before in the same 
writing or discourse. — Addison. 

A-FoRE'NlMED. a. Named before.— Peacham. 

A-FoRE'SAID (-sed), a. Said or recited before, or in a pre- 
ceding part 

A-FoRETHOUGHT (-thawt), a. [afore and thought.] Pre- 
meditated ; prepense ; as, malice aforethought, which is re- 
quired to constitute murder.— Coot. Law. 

A-FoRETIME.atf v. In time past ; in a former time. — Bible. 

A FORTI-6'RI (-for-she-o'vT). [L.] With stronger reasons. 

A-FOUL', adv. or a. Not free ; entangled. — Columbiad. 

A-FR1ID', a. [the participle of affray.] Impressed with feai 
or apprehension. This word expresses a less degree of 
fear than terrified or frightened. — Syn. Fearful; timid; tim- 
orous. 



D6VE.;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi' CIOUS ;— € asK; 6asJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete. 



AFT 



22 



AGE 



A-FRESH, adv. Anew ; again ; recently , after intermission. 
AF'RI-€A, n. [qu. L. a neg., and frigus.] One of the four 

quarters or largest divisions of the globe. 
AF'RIG, n. Africa.— Shak. 

AF'RI-€AN i a. Pertaining to Africa. 

AF'PJ-€JAN, n. A native of Africa. This name is given also 
to the African marigold. 

A-FR6NT (a-fruntf), adv. In front— Shak. 

AFT, a. or adv. [Sax. aft, eft.] In seamen's language, a word 
used to denote the stern of a ship ; toward the stern. Fore 
and aft is the whole length of a ship. 

AFTER, a. [the comparative degree of aft.} 1. In- marine 
language, more aft, or toward the stern of the ship ; as, 
the after sails. — 2. In common language, later in time ; as, 
an after period ot life. — Marshall. In this sense the word 
is often combined with the following noun, as in afternoon. 

AFTER, prep. 1. Behind in place. 2. Later in time ; as, 
after supper. 3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind ; fol- 
lowing ; in search of. 4. In imitation of. 5. According to. 
6. According to the direction and influence of. 

AFTER, adv. Posterior ; later in time ; as, it was about the 
space of three hours after. — After is prefixed to many- 
words, forming compounds, but retaining its genuine sig- 
nification. 

IFTER-A€-CEPT-A'TION, n. A sense not at first admit- 
ted. — Knowles. 

AFTER-A€-€OUNT, n. A subsequent reckoning. 

AFTER-AGT, n. A subsequent act. 

AFTER- A'GES, n. plu. Later ages ; succeeding times. — 
After-age, in the singular, is not improper. — Addison. 

aFTER-ALL' is a phrase, signifying when all has been con- 
sidered, said, or done ; at last ; in the final result. — Pope. 

iFT'ERr-BAND, n. A future link or connection.— Milton. 

AFTER-BiRTH, n. The placenta in which the fetus is in- 
volved, and which comes away after delivery. — Wiseman. 

aFTER-€LAP, n. An unexpected and disagreeable subse- 
quent event. — Halliwell. 

&FTER-€6M'ER, n. A successor. 

AFTER-€6M'FORT, n. Future comfort.— Jonson. 

AFTER-€ON'DU€T, n. Subsequent behavior. 

aFTER-€ON-VI€'TION, n. Future conviction. 

AFTER-€OST, n. Later cost; expense after the execution 
of the main design. — Mortimer. 

AFTER-€oURSE, n. Future course.— Brown. 

AFTER-GROP, n. The second crop in the same year. — 
Mortimer. 

aFT'ER-DIYS, n. pi. Future days.— Congreve. 

aFTER-DI-VULg'ER, n. A subsequent divulger.— Baxter. 

aFTER-eATAGE, n. Part of the increase of the same 
year. — Burn. [Local.} 

aFTER-EN-DeAV'OR, n. An endeavor after the first or 
former eftbrt. 

t XFT'ER-EyE', v. t. To keep one in view.— Shak. 

AFTER-GaME', n. A subsequent scheme or expedient. — 
Wotton. 

AFTER-GUARD, n. The seamen stationed on the poop of 
the ship to attend the after-sails. 

AFTER. HOPE, n. Future hope.— Jonson. 

AFTER-HOURS, n. pi. Hours that follow.— Shak. 

aFTER-IG'NO-RANCE, n. Subsequent ignorance. 

aFTER-INGS, n.plu. The last milk that can be drawn from 
a cow in milking ; strokings. — Grose. 

AFTER-KING, n. A succeeding liing.—Shuckford. 

AFTER-LlFE, n. 1. Future life, or the life after this.— 
Dryden. 2. A later period of life ; subsequent life. 

AFT'ER-LlV'ER, n. One who lives in succeeding times. — 
Sidney. 

AFTER-L6VE (-luv), n. The second or later love. 

AFTER-MAL'ICE, n. Succeeding malice.— Dryden. 

AFTER-MATH, n. A second crop of grass in the same sea- 
son ; rowen. — Holland- 

AFTER-MoST, a. superl. In marine language, nearest the 
stem ; opposed to foremost ; also, hindmost. 

AFTER-NOON', n. The part of the day which follows noon, 
between noon and evening. 

AFTER-PaINS, n. pi. The pains which succeed child-birth. 

AFTER-PART, n. The latter part. — In marine language, the 
part of a ship toward the stern. 

aFTER-PIeCE, n. A piece performed after a play; a farce 
or other small entertainment. 

AFTER-PROOF, n. Subsequent proof or evidence ; qual- 
ities known by subsequent experience. 

AFTER-RE-PENTANCE, n. Subsequent repentance. 

AFTER-RE-P5RT, n. Subsequent report.— South. 

iFTER-SIILS, n. pi. The sails on the mizzen-mast and 

stays, between the main and mizzen masts. 
; FTER-STagE, n. A subsequent stage. 

AFTER-STATE, n. The future state.— Glanville 

AFTER-STING, n. Subsequent sting.— Herbert. 

AFTER-STORM, n. A succeeding storm. 

AFTER-SUP'PER, n. The time between supper and going 
\o bed. — Shak. 



AFTER-SWARM, n. A swarm of bees which leaves the 

hive after the first. 
AFTER-TASTE, n. A taste which succeeds eating and 

drinking. 
AFTER-THOUGHT (-thawt), n. Reflections after an act 

later thought, or expedient occurring too late. 
AFTER-TlME, n. Succeeding time. — Dryden. 
AFTER-TOSS'ING, n. The swell or agitation of the sea 

after a stonn. — Addison. 
AFTER-WARD, adv. In later or subsequent time. 
AFTER-WlSE, a. Wise afterward, or too late. 
AFTER- WIT, n. Subsequent wit ; wisdom that comes too 

late. — L'Estra uge. 
AFTER- WITNESS, n. A subsequent or future witness. 
AFTER-WRATH, n. Later wrath ; anger after the prove- 

cation has ceased. — Shak. 
AFTER- WRITER, n. A succeeding writer. 
A'GA, n. In the Turkish dominions, a commander or chief 

officer. 

* A-GAJN' (a-gen'), adv. [Sax. gean, agen, agean, ongean.] 1. 

A second time ; once more. 2. It notes something further, 
or additional to one or more particulars. — Again and again, 
often ; with frequent repetition. 

* A-GAINST (a-genst), prep. [Sax. togeanes.} 1. In opposi- 

tion ; noting enmity or disapprobation. 2. In opposition, 
noting contrariety, contradiction, or repugnance ; as, against 
justice. 3. In opposition, noting competition, or different 
sides or parties ; as, two against three. 4. In an opposite 
direction ; as, against the stream. 5. Opposite in place ; 
abreast ; as, against the light-house. 6. In opposition, not- 
ing adversity, injury, or contrariety to wishes ; as, against 
my wishes. 7. Bearing upon ; as, against the house. 8. 
In provision for ; in preparation for ; as, against the time 
of need. 

t AG'A-LAX-Y, n. Want of milk. 

AG'AL-LO€H, \n. A resinous wood, of a highly aro- 

A-GAL'LO€H-UM, 5 matic smell, brought from the East 
Indies, and used in making pastils, &c. 

AG-AL-MATO-LlTE, n. [Gr. ayalua and Ai0o?.] A soft 
stone, carved into images in China, and hence called fig- 
ure-stone. It appears like soap-stone, but contains alumina 
instead of magnesia. 

t AG'A-MIST, n. One who is unmarried. — Coles. 

AG'A-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and yafxos-] In botany, havirg no vis 
ible organs of fructification. — Lindley. 

A-GAPE', adv. or a. Gaping, as with wonder ; expectation 

* or eager attention ; having the mouth wide open. — Milton 
AG'A-Pe, n. ; pi. Agafje. [Gr. ayairn.] Among the primitiv 

Christians, a love feast, or feast of charity. 

AG'AR-I€, n. [Gr. ayapiKov.] 1. In botany, a genus of fuj 
gi, containing numerous species. The agaric of the oai» 
is called touchwood, from its readiness to take fire. 2. If < 
mineralogy, the agaric mineral is a light, chalky deposit of 
carbonate of lime, formed in caverns and fissures of lime- 
stone. It is used as an astringent and styptic. 

A-GaST, ~) a. [qu. a contraction of agazed.} Struck with 

A-GHAST, 5 terror or astonishment ; amazed ; struck si- 
lent with horror. 

A-GAS'TRI-A, n. plu. [Gr. a and ya^np.] A class of marine 
animals, supposed to be destitute oi intestines. — Kirby. 

t A-GaTE', adv. On the way ; going. 

AG'ATE, n. [Fr. agate.] A semi-pellucid, uncrystallized va 
riety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same speci- 
men. The colors are delicately arranged in stripes, bands, 
or clouds. When they take an angular shape, like that of 
a fortification, it is called the fortification agate, as in the 
Scotch pebble. 

AG'ATE, n. An instrument used by gold-wire drawers, so 
called from the agate in the middle of it. 

AG'A-TINE, a. Pertaining to agate. 

AG'A-TINE, n. A genus of shells, oval or oblong. 

AG'A-TlZiSD, a. Having the colored lines and figures of ag 
ate. Agatited wood, a kind of agate resulting from the pet- 
rifaction of wood, and still showing something of its tex- 
ture. 

AG'A-TY, a. Of the nature of agate. — Woodward. 

A-Ga'Ve, n. [Gr. ayavog.] The American aloe. 

t A-GaZE', v. t. To strike with amazement. 

t A-GaZ'-ED (a-gazd'), pp. Struck with amazement. 

AGE, n. [Fr. age.] 1. The whole duration of a being, 
whether animal, vegetable, or other kind. 2. That part of 
the duration of a being which is between its beginning and 
any given time. 3. The latter part of life, or long-contin 
ued duration ; oldness. 4. A certain period of human life, 
marked by a difference of state. 5. The period when a 
person is enabled by law to do certain acts for himself^ or 
when he ceases to be controlled by parents or guardians ; 
as, in our country, both males and females are of age at 
twenty-one years old. 6. Mature years ; ripeness of strength 
or discretion. 7. The time of life for conceiving children. 
8. A particular period of time, as distinguished from oth- 
ers ;" as, the golden age. 9. The people who Ave at a par- 
ticular period ; hence, a generation and a succession of 



: Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— TAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



AGG 



23 



AGI 



generations; as, ages yet unborn. 10. A century; the peri- 
od of one hundred years. — Syn. Time; period; genera- 
tion ; date ; era ; epoch ; maturity ; ripeness. 

A'GED, a. 1. Old ; having lived long ; having lived almost 
the usual time allotted to that species of being ; applied to 
animals or plants. 2. Having a certain age ; having lived ; 
as, a man aged forty years. 

A'GED, n. Old persons. 

i'GED-LY, adv. After the manner of an aged person. 

I A-GEN', for again. 

i'GEN-CY, n. [L. agens.] 1. The quality of moving or of 
exerting power ; the state of being in action ; action ; op- 
eration ; instrumentality ; as, the agency of Providence in 
the natural world. 2. The office of an agent or factor ; bu- 
siness of an agent intrusted with the concerns of another. 
— Syn. Action ; operation ; efficiency ; management ; per- 
formance. 

AG'END, > n. [L.] Matter relating to the service of the 

A-GEN' DUM, 5 Church. 

d-GEN'DA,n. [L. things to be done.] A memorandum-book ; 
the service or office of a church ; a ritual or liturgy. 

a'gENT, a. Acting ; opposed to patient ; as, the body agent. 
— Bacon, [little used.] 

A/GENT, n. 1. An actor ; one that exerts power, or has the 
power to act. 2. An active power or cause ; that which 
has the power to produce an effect. 3. A substitute, dep- 
uty, or factor ; one intrusted with the business of another ; 
an attorney ; a minister. 

f A'GENT-SHIP, n. The office of an agent. We now use 



f Ag-GE-LI'TION, n. [L. gelu.] Concretion of a fluid.— 
Brown. 

t AG-gEN-ER-I'TION, n. [L. ad and generatio.] The state 
of growing to another. — Brown. 

t AG'GER, n. [L.] A fortress or mound. — Hearne. 

t AG'GER-ITE, v. t. [L. aggero.] To heap. 

AG-GER-a'TION, n. A heaping ; accumulation. — Ray. 

t AG-GER-oSE', a. In heans, or formed of heaps. 

AG-GLOM'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. agglomero.] To wind, or col- 
lect into a ball ; to gather into a mass. 

AG-GLOM'ER-aTE, v. i. To gather, grow, or collect into a 
ball or mass. — Thomson. 

AG-GLOM'ER-I-TED, pp. Wound or collected into a ball. 

AG-GLOM'ER-I-TING, ppr. Winding into a ball ; gathering 
into a lump. 

4G-GLOM-ER-i'TION, n. The act of winding into a ball ; 
the state of being gathered into a ball or mass. 

4G-GLUTIN-ANT, n. Any viscous substance which unites 
other substances by causing an adhesion ; any application 
which tends to unite parts which have too little adhesion. 
— Coxe. 

A-G-GLu'TIN-ANT, a. Uniting as glue ; tending to cause ad- 
hesion. 

AG-GLu'TIN-ITE, v. t. [L. agglutino.] , To unite, or cause 
to adhere, as with glue ; to unite by causing an adhesion 
of substances. 

AG-GLuTIN-A-TED, pp. Glued together. 

AG-GLu'TIN-A-TING, ppr. Gluing together ; uniting by 
causing adhesion. 

AG-GLU-TIN-I'TION, n. The act of uniting by glue or other 
tenacious substance ; the state of being thus united. 

AG-GLu'TIN-A-TlVE, a. That tends to unite, or has power 
to cause adhesion. 

* AG-GRaCE', v. t. To favor.— Spenser. 

t AG-GRICE', n. Kindness ; favor. — Spenser. 

AG-GRAND-iZ'A-BLE, a. That may be aggrandized. 

AG-GRAND-IZ-A'TION, n. The act of aggrandizing. 

AG'GRAND-iZE, v. t. [Fr. agrandir.] 1. To make great or 
greater in power, rank, or honor. 2. To enlarge ; applied 
to things. — Syn. To augment ; exalt ; promote ; prefer ; 
advance ; enlarge ; increase. 

AG'GRAND-lZ_ED,#p. Made great or greater; exalted; en- 
larged. 

* AG-GRAND'IZE-MENT, or AG'GRAND-iZE-MENT, n. 
The act of aggrandizing ; the state of being exalted in 
power, rank, or hon*r.— Syn. Augmentation ; exaltation ; 
enlargement'; advancement; promotion; preferment. 

AG'GRAND-iZ-ER, n. One who aggrandizes or exalts in 
power, rank, or honor. 

AG'GRAND-lZ-ING,£>pr. Making great; exalting; enlarging. 

t AG-GRITE', v. t. [It.] To please.— Spenser. 

t AG'GRA-VA-BLE, a. Making a thing worse. 

IG'GRA-VITE, v. t. [L. aggravo.] 1. To make heavy, but 
not used in this literal sense. Figuratively, to make worse, 
more severe, or less tolerable. 2. To make more enor- 
mous, or less excusable ; as, to aggravate the guilt of an 
act. 3. To exaggerate. 4. To give coloring in descrip- 
tion; to give an exaggerated representation. — Syn. To 
heighten ; raise ; make worse ; increase ; magnify ; ex- 
aggerate. 

AG'GRA-Va-TED, pp. or a. Increased in severity or enor- 
mity ; made worse ; exaggerated. 

A.G'GRA-VA-TING,^pr. Increasing in severity, enormity, or 



degree; as evils, misfortunes, pain, punishment, crimes, 
guilt, &c. ; exaggerating. 

AG-GRA-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making worse ; used 
of evils, natural or moral ; the act of increasing; severity 
or heinousness ; addition to that which is evil or improper. 
2. Exaggerated representation, or heightened description 
of any thing wrong, improper, or unnatural. — Addison. 

AG'GRE-GaTE, v. t. fL. aggrego.] To bring together ; to 
collect particulars into a sum, mass, or body. — Syn. To 
heap up ; accumulate ; pile ; collect. 

AG'GRE-GATE, a. Formed by a collection of particulars 
into a whole mass or sum. Aggregate flowers, a collection 
of florets united at the base. Aggregate corporation, one 
consisting of two or more persons, and perpetuated by a 
succession of members. 

AG'GRE-GATE, n. 1. A sum, mass, or assemblage of par 
ticulars. — 2. In physics, a mass formed by the union of ho 
mogeneous particles. 

AG'GRE-Ga-TED, pp. Collected into a sum, mass, or sys 
tern. 

AG'GRE-GATE-LY, adv. Collectively. 

AG'GRE-Ga-TING, ppr. Collecting into a sum or mass. 

AG-GRE-GI'TION, n. 1. The act of aggregating ; the state 
of being collected into a sum or mass ; a collection of par- 
ticulars; an aggregate. — 2. In chemistry, aggregation de- 
pends on attraction, at insensible distances, between homo- 
geneous particles of bodies, causing them to unite. 3. The 
union and coherence of bodies of the same nature. 

AG'GRE-Ga-TiVE, a. Taken together ; collective. 

AG'GRE-Ga-TOR, n. He who collects into a whole or mass. 
— Burton. 

AG-GRESS', v. i. [L. aggredior, aggressus.] To make a first 
attack ; to commit the first act of hostility or offense ; to 
begin a quarrel or controversy ; to assault first, or invade. 

t AG-GRESS', n. Aggression.— Hale. 

AG-GRESS'ING, ppr. Commencing hostility first ; making 
the first attack. 

AG-GRES'SION, n. The first act of hostility ; the first act 
of injury, or first act leading to war or controversy. — Syn. 
Attack ; invasion ; assault ; encroachment ; injury ; of- 

AG-GRESS'lVE, a. Tending to aggress ; making the first 

attack. — Clarkson. 
AG-GRESS'OR, n. The person who first attacks ; he who 

first commences hostility or a quarrel ; an assaulter ; an 

invader. 
AG-GRlE VANCE, n. Oppression; hardship; injury. 
AG-GRIeVE', v. t. 1. To give pain or sorrow; to afflict. 

2. To bear hard upon ; to oppress or injure ; to vex or 



t AG-GRIeVE', v. i. To mourn ; to lament. 

AG-GRIeV'jBD (ag-greevd'), pp. Pained ; afflicted ; civilly 
or politically oppressed. 

AG-GRIeV'ING, ppr. Afflicting ; imposing hardships on ; 
oppressing. 

AG-GRoUP', v. t. [Sp. agrupar.] To bring together; to 
group ; to collect many persons into a crowd, or many fig- 
ures into a whole. 

AG-GRoUP'.ED (ag-grooptf), pp. Collected into a group or 
assemblage. 

A-GHaST, \ a. or adv. Struck with amazement ; stupefied 

A-GIST, 5 with sudden fright or horror. 

AG'ILE, a. [Fr. agile.] Nimble ; having the faculty of quick 
motion in the limbs ; apt or ready to move. — Syn. Active , 
alert ; nimble ; brisk ; lively ; quick ; sprightly ; prompt ; 
ready. 

AG'lLE-LY, adv. In a nimble manner. 

AGlLE-NESS, n. Nimbleness ; activity ; the faculty of mov- 
ing the limbs quickly ; agility. 

A-GIL1-TY, n. [L. agilitas.] The power of moving the 
limbs quickly. — Syn. Nimbleness ; activity ; briskness. 

t A-GIL'LO-CHUM, n. Aloes wood.— Quincy. 

A'GI-0, 7i. [It. aggio.] 1. In commerce, the difference in value 
between metallic and paper money, or between one sort 
of metallic money and another.— M' Culloch. 2. Premium ; 
sum given above the nominal value ; as, the agio of e^r • 
change. 

A'Gl-O-TAGE, n. . Stock-jobbing ; the maneuvre3 of specu- 
lators to raise or depress the funds. — Brande. 

A-GIST', v. t. In law, to take the cattle of others to graze ; 
to feed or pasture the cattle of others. 

A-GIST'MENT, n. The taking and feeding of other men's 
cattle in the king's forest, or on one's own land ; also, the 
price paid for such feeding. 

A-GIST'OR, \ n. An officer of the king's forest, who has 

A-gIST-a'TOR, 5 tne care °f cattle agisted, and collects the 
money for the same. 

Ag'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be agitated, shaken, or dis- 
cussed. 

AG'I-TaTE, v. t. [L. agito.] 1. To stir violently ; to put in 
motion ; to shake or move briskly. 2. To move or force 
into violent, irregular action. 3. To disturb, or excite into 
tumult. 4. To consider on all sides ; to revolve in tha 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



AGO 



24 



AGK 



mind, or view in all its aspects, either alone or in discus- 
sions with others. — Syn. To move ; shake ; excite ; rouse ; 
disturb ; distract ; revolve ; consider ; deliberate ; discuss ; 
debate ; canvass ; controvert ; examine. 

AG'I-TI-TED, pp. or a. Tossed from side to side ; shaken ; 
moved violently and irregularly ; disturbed ; discussed ; 
considered. 

Ag'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Shaking ; moving with violence ; dis- 
turbing; disputing; contriving. 

AG-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of shaking ; the state of being 
moved with violence, or with irregular action ; commotion. 
2. Disturbance of tranquillity in the mind ; excitement of 
passion. 3. Discussion ; examination of a subject in con- 
troversy. 4. A state of being deliberated upon, with a 
view to contrivance or plan to be adopted. — Syn. Disturb- 
ance ; commotion ; excitement ; emotion ; trepidation ; 
tremor. 

Ag'I TA-TiVE, a. Having a tendency to agitate. 

AG-I-Ta'TO (aj-i-ta'to), [It.] In music, a broken style of per- 
formance, adapted to awaken surprise or perturbation. 

AG'I-TI-TOR, n. One who agitates ; also, an insurgent ; one 
who excites sedition or revolt. In Cromwell's time, certain 
officers, appointed by the army to manage their concerns, 
were called agitators. 

AG'LET, ) n. [Fr. aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a point curved 

aIG'LET, S into the representation of an animal, generally 
of a man ; a small plate of metal. — 2. In botany, a pendant 
at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in the rose and tulip. 

AGLET-Ba'BY, n. A small image on the top of a lace. — 
Shak. 

AG'MIN-AL, a. [L. agmen.] Pertaining to an army or troop. 
[Little used.] 

AG'NaIL, n. A disease of the nail ; a whitlow ; an inflamma- 
tion round the nail. 

AG'NaTE, a. [L. agnatus.] Related or akin by the father's 
side. 

AG'NaTE, n. Any male relation by the father's side. — En- 
eye. 

AG-Na'TI, n. pi. [L.] Relations by the father's side. 

AG-NATIC, a. Pertaining to descent by the male line of an- 
cestors. — Blackstone. 

AG-Na'TION, n. Relation by the father's side only, or de- 
scent in the male line, distinct from cognation, which in- 
cludes descent in the male and female lines. 

AG'NEL, n. [from agnus.] An ancient French coin, value 
twelve sols, six deniers. 

AG-NI"TION, n. [L. agnitio.} Acknowledgment. — Pearson. 
[Little used.] 

t AG-NTZE', v. t. To acknowledge.— Shak. 

AG-No'MEN, n. [L.] An additional name given to a person 
by way of praise or dispraise. 

AG-NOM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. agnomino.] To name. [Rare.] 

AG-NOM-IN-I'TION, n. [L. agnomen.] 1. An additional 
name or title ; a name added to another, as expressive of 
some act, achievement, &c. ; a surname. 2. Allusion of 
one word to another by sound. 

AG'NUS -CAS'TUS, n. [L.] A plant, a species of vitex, so 
called from its imagined virtue of preserving chastity. 

AG'NUS DEfl, n. [L. Lamb of God.] In the Roman Catholic 
Church, a cake of wax stamped with the figure of a lamb, 
supporting the banner of the cross ; also, a prayer begin- 
ning with these words. 

AG'NUS SCYTH'I-€US, n. [L. Scythian lamb.] A name 
applied to a species of fern resembling a lamb. 

A-Go', adv. or a. [Sax. agan.] Past ; gone ; as, a year ago. 

A-GOG', adv. [Fr. agogo. It. agognare, ardently to desire.] 
In a state of desire ; highly excited by eagerness after an 
object. 

A-GoTNG. In motion ; as, to set a mill agoing. 

\ A'GON, n. [Gr.] The contest for the prize. 

A-GONE' (a-gawnO, pp. Ago ; past ; since, [nearly obs.] 

AG'O-NISM, n. [Gr. ayuvtaiios.] Contention for a prize. 

AG'O-NIST, n. One who contends for the prize in public 
games. Milton has used Agonistes in this sense. 

AG-O-NISTIC, I a. Pertaining to prize-fighting, contests 

AG-0-NIST'I€-AL, 5 of strength, or athletic combats.— En- 
field. 

AG-O-NISTTC-AL-LY, adv. In an agonistic manner; like 
prize-fighting. 

AG'O-NlZE, v. i. [Gr. ayam^w.] To writhe with extreme 
pain ;_to suffer violent anguish. — Pope. 

AG'O-NlZE, v. t. To distress with extreme pain ; to torture. 

— Pope. 
AG'0-NlZ'i?D, pp. Distressed with excessive pain ; tor- 
tured.^ 
AGO-NlZ-ING,2>pr. 1. Suffering severe pain ; writhing with 

torture. 2. a. Giving extreme pain. 
AG'O-NlZ-ING-LY, adv. With extreme anguish. 
t AG-O-NO-THeTE', n. An officer who presided over the 

games in Greece, 
t AG-0-NO-THET'I€, a. Pertaining to the president of the 

games. 
AGQ-NY, n. [Gr. ayuv.] 1. In strictness, pain so extreme 



as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar tu 
those made in the athletic contests in Greece. Hence, 2. 
Extreme pain of body or mind , anguish ; appropriately, 
the pangs of death, and the suffeiings of our Savior in the 
garden of Gethsemane. — Luke, xxii. 3. Violent contest or 
striving. More. — Syn. Anguish; torment; throe; distress, 
pangs; suffering. 

tA-GOOD', adv. In earnest— SAafc. 

A-GoUTl, \n. [qu. Sp. agudo.] A quadruped of the order 

A-GoUTy, > rodentia, of the size of a rabbit. 

\ A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. An illiterate person. 

A-GRa'RI-AN, a. [L. agrarius.] 1. Relating to lands. Appro 
priately, denoting or pertaining to an equal division of lands , 
as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the con 
quered and other public lands equally among all the citi- 
zens. 2. Pertaining to agrarianism. 

A-GRa'RI-AN, n. One in favor of an equal division of prop- 
erty among the inhabitants of a country. 

A-GRa'RI-AN-ISM, n. An equal division of lands or prop- 
erty, or the principles of those who favor such a division. 

A-GREE', v. i. [Fr. agreer.] 1. To be of one mind ; to har- 
monize in opinion. 2. To live in concord, or without con- 
tention. 3. To yield assent ; to approve or admit ; follow- 
ed by to. 4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of par- 
ties being agreed as to the terms. 5. To come to a com- 
promise of differences ; to be reconciled. 6. To come to 
one opinion or mind ; to concur ; as, to agree on a place 
of meeting. 7. To be consistent ; to harmonize ; not to 
contradict or be repugnant. 8. To resemble ; to be simi- 
lar. 9. To suit ; to be accommodated or adapted to. — Syn. 
To assent ; agree ; concur ; consent ; acquiesce ; comply ; 
correspond ; answer ; harmonize ; quadrate ; tally ; coin- 
cide ; comport. 

A-GREE', v. t. To admit or come to one mind concerning ; 
as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make friends ; 
to put an end to variance ; but these senses are unusual 
and hardly legitimate. 

t A-GREE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Easiness of disposition. — Chaucer. 

A-GREE'A-BLE, a. 1. Suitable ; conformable ; correspond- 
ent ; consistent with. 2. In pursuance of ; in conformity 
with. 3. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses ; as, agree- 
able manners. 

A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Suitableness ; conformity ; 
consistency. 2. The quality of pleasing ; that quality which 
gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or 
senses. 3. Resemblance ; likeness, [obs.] 

A-GREE' A-BLY, adv. 1. Pleasingly ; in an agreeable man- 
ner ; in a manner to give pleasure. 2. Suitably ; consist- 
ently ; conformably. 3. Alike ; in the same manner, [obs.] 

A-GREED',^ip. 1. Being in concord or harmony of opinion • 
of one mind. 2. Assented to ; admitted. 3. Settled by 
consent ; implying bargain or contract. 

A-GREE'ING, ppr. Living in concord ; concurring ; assent- 
ing ; settling by consent. 

A-GREE'ING-LY, adv. In conformity to. [Little used.] 

t A-GREETNG-NESS, n. Consistency ; suitableness. 

A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. Concord; harmony ; conformity. 2. 
Union of opinions or sentiments ; accordance. 3. Resem- 
blance ; conformity; similitude. 4. Union of minds in re- 
gard to a transfer of interest ; bargain ; compact ; con 
tract ; stipulation. — 5. In grammar, concord. 

t A-GRES'TIAL, *i a. [L. agrestis.] Rural ; rustic ; pertain 

A-GRES'TI€, V ing to fields or the country ; in opposi- 

A-GRES'TI€-AL, ) tion to the city ; unpolished. 

A-GRIC-O-LI'TION, n. Cultivation of soil. 

AGHI-CUL-TOR, n. One whose occupation is to till the 
ground ; a farmer ; a husbandman. 

AG-RI-€UL'TUR-AL, a. Pertaining to husbandry, tillage, or 
the culture of the earth. 

AG'RI-€UL-TURE, n. [L. ager and cultura.] The cultiva- 
tion of the ground, for the purpose of producing vegeta- 
bles and fruits, for the use of man and beast, on a large 
scale, in distinction from horticulture, or the cultivation of 
gardens. — Syn. Husbandry ; tillage ; culture. 

AG-RI-€UL'TUR-ISM, n. The art or science of agriculture. 
[Little used.] 

AG-RI-CUL'TUR-IST, n. One skilled in agriculture ; a skill 
ful husbandman. 

AG'RI-MO-NY, n. [L. argemonia.] A genus of plants of sev- 
eral species ; a mild astringent and stomachic. 

AG-RIP-PIN'I-ANS, n. plu. In Church history, the followers 
of Agrippinus, bishop of Carthage. — Encyc. 

t A-GRlSE', v. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver. 

t A-GRlSE', v. t. To terrify ; also, to make frightful 

A'GROM, n. A disease frequent in Bengal. 

AG-RO-STEM'MA, n. A genus of plants. 

A-GROST1S, n. [Gr. aypwnng.] Bent grass. 

A-GROS-TOG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the grasses. 

A-GROS-TOL'O-GY, n. The science of the grasses.— Brandt. 

A-GROUND', adv. 1. On the ground ; a marine term, signi- 
fying that the bottom of a ship rests on the ground, for 
want of a sufficient depth of water. 2. Figuratively, stop- 
ped ; impeded by insuperable obstacles. 



See Synopsis. A, E. I, &c, long.—l, e, i, &c, short — F aR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



AIM 



25 



AIR 



I'GuE (a-'gu), n. [Sax. age, oga, or hoga.] 1. The cold fit 
which precedes a fever, or a paroxysm of fever in inter- 
mittents. It is accompanied with shivering. 2. Chilliness; 
a chill, or state of shaking with cold though in health. 3. 
It is used for a periodical fever, an intermittent, whether 
quotidian, tertian, or quartan. — Ague of the face, a term 
popularly applied, though not with medical propriety, to 
a swelling of the sides of the face, attended with inflam- 
mation. — Forby. 

I'GDE, v. t. To cause a shivering in; to strike with a cold 
fit. — Haywood. 

a'GuE-CaKE, n. A hard tumor on the left side of the belly, 
lower than the false ribs. 

i'GU-ED (a'-gude), a. Chilly ; having a fit of ague ; shiver- 
ing with cold or fear.-— -Shah. 

a'GuE-FIT, n. A paroxysm of cold, or shivering ; chilli- 
ness. 

AGUE-PROOF, a. Able to resist agues ; proof against 
agues. 

\ A-f fUEE/RY, v. t. [Fr. aguerrir.] To inure to the hardships 
of war ; to instruct in the art of war. 

A'GuE-SPELL, n. A charm or spell to cure or prevent 
ague. '-Gay. 

I'GuE-STRUCK, a. Struck with agae.—Hewyt. 

a'GuE-TREE, n. A name sometimes applied to sassafras. 

\ A-GUlSE' (a-gize'), v. t. To dress ; to adorn. — Spenser. 

f- A-GUlSE', n. Dress.— More. 

A'GU-ISH, a. Chilly ; somewhat cold or shivering ; having 
the qualities of an ague. 

A'GU-ISH-NESS, n. Chilliness ; the quality of being aguish. 

A-GUIL-LA-NEtiF', n. A form of rejoicing among the an- 
cient Franks on the first day of the year. 

A'GUL, n. A shrub, a species of the hedysarum. 

AH. An exclamation expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, 
contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c, according to the man- 
ner of utterance. 

a-Ha'. 1. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, 
or simple surprise ; but the senses are distinguished by 
very different modes of utterance, and different modifica- 
tions of features. 2. n. A sunk fence, not visible without 
near approach; it has been, however, more commonly 
called ha-ha — Mason. 

A-HAN'I-GER, n. A name of the gar-fish. 

A-HEAD' (a-hed'), adv. 1. Further forward than another 
thing ; in front ; originally a sea term, denoting further for- 
ward than another ship. 2. Onward; forward; toward 
the point before the stem or head ; as, move ahead. 3. 
Headlong ; precipitantly. — I? Estrange. 

i A-HEiGHT' (a-hite'), adv. Aloft ; on high 

f A-HIGH', adv. On high. 

f A-HoLD', adv. Near the wind — Shak. 

A-HoU'aI, n. A poisonous species of plum. 

A-HOY', exclam. A sea term used in hailing. 

aH'RI-MAN. See Ariman. 

A-HULL', adv. With the sails furled and the helm lashed, as 
a ship in a storm. 

\A-HUN"GRY, a. Hungry.— Shak. 

Al, n. The three-toed sloth. — Brande. 

SID, v. t. [Fr. aider.] To afford assistance. — Syn. To help ; 
assist ; support ; sustain ; succor ; relieve. 

AID, n. 1. Help; succor; support; assistance. 2. The per- 
son who aids or yields support ; a helper ; an auxiliary. — 3. 
In English law, a subsidy or tax granted by parliament. — 
4. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation. 

IID'ANCE, n. Aid; help; assistance. — Shak., [little used.] 

1 aID'ANT, a. Helping ; helpful ; supplying aid. 

* Aliy-DE--€AMP (aid'de-kong), n. In military affairs, an 
officer whose duty is to receive and communicate the or- 
ders of a general officer. [It is desirable that this word 
should be naturalized, and no longer pronounced aid-de- 
kong.] 

AlD'ED, pp. Assisted ; supported ; furnished with succor. 

4.ID'ER, n. One who helps ; an assistant or auxiliary. 

AIDING, ppr. Helping ; assisting. 

UD'LESS, a. Helpless ; without aid ; unsupported ; unde- 
fended.— Shak. 

til'GRE, a. Sour. — Craven dialect. 

il'GRET, \ n. 1. In zoology, the name of a small white 

II'GRETTE, 5 heron.— 2. In botany, [see Egret,] 3. A tuft, 
as of feathers, diamonds, &c. 

il'GU-LET, n. A poiat or tag, as at the ends of fringes. 
See Aiglet. 

ilK'RAW, n. A name of a species of lichen or moss. 

AIL, v. t. [Sax. eglian.] To trouble ; to affect with uneasi- 
ness, either of body or mind 
AIL, n. Indisposition, or morbid affection. 
AlLTNG, ppr. Diseased; indisposed; full of complaints. 
aIL'MENT, n. Disease ; indisposition ; morbid affection of 

the body. 
AIM, v. i. [qu. Ir. otgham.] 1. To point at with a mis sive 
weapon. 2. To direct the intention or purpose ; to attempt 
to reach or accomplish ; to tend toward ; to endeavor ; 
to guess. — Shak., [obs.] Followed by at. 



AIM, i i. To direct or point as a weapon ; to direct to a par 
ticul-.r object ; as, to aim a musket. 

AIM, n. 1. The pointing or direction of a missile weapon ; 
the direction of any thing to a particular point or object, 
with a view to strike or affect it. 2. The point intended to 
be hit, or object intended to be affected. 3. A purpose ; 
intention ; design ; scheme. 4. Conjecture; guess. — Spen- 
ser, [not used.]— Syn. End ; object ; scope ; drift ; design ; 
purpose ; intention ; scheme. 

A.IM.ED, pp. Pointed ; directed ; intended to strike or affect. 

aIM'ER, n. One who aims. 

AIMING, ppr. Pointing a weapon at an object ; directing 
any thing to an object ; mtending ; purposing. 

AlM'LESS, a. Without aim.— May. 

AIR, n. [Fr. air ; L. aer ; Gr. arjp.] 1. The fluid which we 
breathe. Air is inodorous, invisible, insipid colorless, 
elastic, possessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied, and 
condensed Atmospheric air is a compound fluid, consist- 
ing of oxygen gas, and nitrogen or azote. The body of ail 
surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. 2. An aer- 
iform body ; a gas ; as, oxygen is called vital air. 3. Air 
in motion ; a hght breeze. 4. Vent ; utterance abroad ; 
publication ; publicity. 5. A tune ; a short song, or piece 
of music adapted to words ; also, the peculiar modulation 
of the notes, which gives music its character ; as, a soft air. 
A song or piece of poetry for singing ; the leading part of 
a tune. 6. The peculiar look, appearance, manner^ or mien 
of a person. It is applied to manners or gestures, as well 
as to features. 7. Airs, in the plural, is used to denote an 
affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness ; as, he puts 
on airs. — 8. In painting, that which expresses the fife of 
action ; manner ; gesture ; attitude. 9. Any thing light of 
uncertain ; that is light as air. 10. Advice ; intelligence ; 
information. — Bacon, [obs.] To take the air, to go abroad 
for an airing. To take air, to come before the public. 

aIR, v. t. 1. To expose to the air; to give access to the 
open ah - ; to ventilate ; as, to air a room. 2. To expose to 

_ heat ; to warm. 3. To dry by a fire ; to expel dampness. 

IIR'A, n. Hair-grass, a genus of plants. 

aIR'-BAL-LOON'. See Balloon. 

aIR'-BAL-LOON'IST, n. One who makes or uses air-bal- 
loons. — Kirby. 

IIR'-BLAD-DER, n. A vesicle or cuticle filled with air; 
also, the bladder of a fish containing air, by which it main- 
tains its equilibrium in the water. 

aIR'-BORN, a. Born of the air. — Congreve. 

AlR'-BoRNE, a. Borne in or by the air. 

aIR'-BRaV-ING, a. Braving the winds.— Shak. 

AlR'-BUf LT, a. Erected in the air ; having no solid founda- 
tion ; chimerical 

aIR'-CELLS, n.pl. Cells containing air. Such cells render 
some plants buoyant in water. 

AlR'-DRAWN, a. Drawn in air ; imaginary. — Shak. 

aIR-ED, pp. Exposed to air ; cleansed by air ; heated or 
dried by exposure to a fire ; ventilated. 

aIR'ER, n. 1. One who exposes to the air. 2. A stand for 
ailing clothes. 

AlR'-GUN, n. A pneumatic engine resembling a musket, to 
discharge bullets by means of air. 

AlR'-HoLD-ER, n. An instrument for holding air. . 

aIR'-HoLE, n. An opening to admit or discharge air. 

AlR'I-LY, adv. In an airy manner. 

AlR'I-NESS, n. 1. Exposure to a free current of air; open 
ness to the air. 2. Gayety ; liveliness. 

AlR'ING, ppr. Exposing to the air ; warming ; drying. 

AlR'ING, n. 1. An exposure to the air, or to a fire, for warm- 
ing or drying. 2. A walk or ride in the open air ; a short 

_ excursion. 

aIR'-JA€K-ET, n. A jacket with air-tight cavities or cells, 
which, being inflated will sustain a person in water. 

aIR'LESS, a. Not open to a free current of air ; wanting 
fresh air, or communication with the open air. 

IIR'LING, n. A thoughtless, gay person.— Jonson. 

ITR'-PlPE, n. A pipe used to draw foul air from a ship's 
hold. 

IIR'-PLANT, n. A plant which grows by nutriment derived 
from the air, without being rooted in earth or any other 
substance. 

IIR'-POISE, n. An instrument to measure the weight of 
the air. 

UR'-PUMP, n. A machine for exhausting the air of a vessel 

IIR'-SACS, n. plu. Air-bags in birds. 

IIR'-SHaFT, n. A passage for air into a mine. 

IHi'-SLA€K'.ED (airi-slakt), a. Slacked or pulverized by 
exposure to air ; as, air-slacked lime. 

iHt'-STiR-RING, a. Putting the air in motion. 

aIR'-THREAD, n. A name given to the spider's webs which 
are often seen floating in thetair. 

IIR'-THReAT--EN-ING, a. Threatening the air ; lofty. 

aIR'-TIGHT, a. [air and tight.] So tight or compact as to 
be impermeable to air. 

aIR'-TRAP, n. A contrivance for the escape of foul air from 
drains, sewers, &c. 



D6VF -BULL UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ALA 



2: 



ALB 



IIR'-VES-SEL, n. 1. A spiral duct in plants containing, air. 
2. In insects, a tube by which ah - is conveyed through the 
body for respiration. 
A.IRY, a. 1. Consisting of air. 2. Relating or belonging to 
air ; high in air. 3. Open to a free current of air. 4. Light 
as air ; resembling air ; thin ; unsubstantial ; without so- 
lidity. 5. Without reality ; having no solid foundation ; 
vain ; trifling. 6. Gay ; sprightly ; full of vivacity and lev- 
ity ; light of heart ; lively. 
aIRT, In. [See Aerie.] Among sportsmen, the nest of the 
a'E-RIE, 5 hawk or eagle. 
aIR'Y-FLyTNG, a. Flying hke air.— Thomson. 
XIRT-LlGHT, a. Light as air. 

XIS'CHY-NlTE, n. A black or dark brownish yellow ore 

from the Ural Mountains, containing titanium, zhconium, 

and cerium. See ^Eschynite. 

AlSLE (ile), 1 n. [Fr. aile.] 1. The side portions of a church, 

AlLE, ) in distinction from the nave or center. 2. A 

walk or passage in a church. 
AISL.ETJ' (lid'), a. Furnished with aisles.— Byron. 
AIT (ate), n. A small island in a river or lake. 
1I-ZOON', n. [Sax. aizon.] A genus of plants. 
A-JaR', adv. Partly open, as a door. 
A-Jl'VA, n. The seed of a plant brought from Malabar. 
A-Ju'GA, n. Bugle, a genus of plants. — Encyc. 
AJTEJ-TAGE, ? n. [Fr.] A tube fitted to the mouth of a ves- 
AD'JU-TAgE, 5 sel. 

A-KTN', n. 1. Related by blood ; used of persons. 2. Allied 
by nature ; partaking of the same properties ; as, envy and 
jealousy are near akin. 
AL. In Arabic, an adjective or inseparable prefix, answer- 
ing to the Italian il, and Spanish el and la. Its use is to 
render nouns definite, hke the English the ; as, alkoran, the 
koran, or the book, by eminence ; alcove, alchemy, alembic, 
almanac, &c. 
AL, in English, is sometimes a contraction of the Saxon 
athel, noble, or illustrious. More generally, al, in compo- 
sition, is a contraction of aid, or alt, old, and it is prefixed 
to many names ; as, Alburg. Sax. eald; Germ, alt, old. 
AL, in the composition of Latin words, is written before I for 
ad, for the ease of pronunciation ; as in allevo, alludo, for 
ad levo, ad ludo. 
ALA-BAS-TER, n. [L., from Gr. aXaSaarpov.] A compact 
variety of sulphate of lime or gypsum, of fine texture, and 
usually white or semi-pellucid. It is also sometimes yel- 
| low, red, or gray. The name has sometimes, but errone- 
ously, been applied to a compact variety of carbonate of 
lime. Among the ancients, alabaster was also the name of 
a vessel in which odoriferous liquors were kept, so called 
from the stone of which it was made. 
AL'A-BAS-TER a. Made of alabaster. 
AL-A-BAS'TRI-AN, a. Pertaining to, or like alabaster. 
AL-A-BAS'TRlTE, n. A box, or other vessel of alabaster, 
used by the Greeks and Romans for holding perfurnes. — 
Elmes. 
A-LA€K', exclam. An exclamation expressive of sorrow. 
A-LA€K'A-DIY. An exclamation uttered to express regret 

or sorrow. 
A-LACTJ-OUS, a. Cheerful. 

t A-LACRI-OUS-LY, adv. Cheerfully ; with alacrity, 
t A-LA€*'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Briskness. 
A-LACRI-TY, n. [L. alacritas.] A cheerful readiness or 
promptitude to do some act. — Syn. Cheerfulness ; gayety ; 
sprightliness. 
A-LAD'IN-ISTS, n. plu. Free thinkers among the Moham- 
medans. 
AL'A-LlTE, n. A bright green stone, a variety of pyroxene in 
prisms, first discovered near the village of Ala, in Piedmont. 
A-LA-Mi'RE (a-la-me'ra), n. The lowest note but one in 

Guido Aretine's scale of music. — Johnson. 
AL-A-MO-DAL1-TY, n. Conformity to the prevailing mode 

or fashion of the times. — Encyc. [Little used.] 
AL-A-MODE', adv. [Fr. a la mode.] According to the fash- 
ion or prevailing mode. — Whitlock. 
AL-A-MoDE', n. A thin, black, glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, 
&c. 

a. [Fr. a la mort.] Depressed ; melancholy. 

At, or on land. — Sidney. 
• adv. At a distance. — Grose, Craven dialect. 



A-LA-MORT 
A-LAND', adi 
A-LAN'TEM, 
A-LAN'TUM, 
A-LAN'TIN, 1 



A starchy substance, identical with inulin. 

A'LAR a. [L. ala.] Pertaining to, or having wings. 

A-LaRM', n. [Fr. alarme, alarmer.] 1. Any sound, outcry, or 
information, intended to give notice of approaching dan- 
ger. 2. A summons to arms. 3. Sudden surprise with fear 
or terror. 4. A sensation excited by an apprehension of dan- 
ger. 5. Some mechanical contrivance for waking persons 
from sleep, or exciting attention. — 6. In fencing, an appeal 
or challenge. — Syn. Fright; affright; terror; consternation; 
dismay ; agitation ; disquiet ; disqtiierude. 

A-LaRM', v. t. 1. To give notice of danger ; to rouse to vig- 
ilance. 2. To call to arms for defense. 3. To surprise 
with apprehension of danger ; to disturb with terror. 



' See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FaB, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— MARINE, BiBD ; 



A-LaRM'-BELL, n. A bell that gives notice of danger. 
A-LaPlM'-€LO€K, n. A clock with machinery which can bo 
so set as to ring an alarm at a given hour, to excite atten- 
tion. 
A-LaRM'£D (a-larmd'), pp. Notified of sudden danger ; sur^ 
prised with fear ; roused to vigilance or activity by a^ore- 
hension of approaching danger. 
A-LaRM'ING, ppr. Giving notice of approaching danger, 

rousing to vigilance. 
A-LaRMTNG, a. Exciting apprehension; terrifying; awak- 
ening a sense of danger. 
A-LaRM'ING-LY, adv. With alarm ; in a manner to excite 

apprehension. 
A-LaRM'IST, n. One who excites alarm ; one who is con 

tinually prophesying danger. 
A-LaRM'-PoST, n. A place to which troops are to repair 

in case of an alarm. 
A-LaRM- WATCH, n. A watch with machinery which can 
be so set as to ring an alarm at a given hour, to excite at- 
tention. 
A-LaRUM, n. The same as alarm, but now disused except 

in poetry. 
AL'A-RY, a. Of the nature of wings. 

A-L AS', exclam. [Dutch helaas ; Fr. helas.] An exclamation 
expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension 
of evil ; sometimes followed by day or while ; as, alas the 
day, like alack a day ; or, alas the while (Spenser,) [obs.[, 
expressing an unhappy time. 
t A-LaTE', adv. Lately. 

a'LaTE, ia. [L. alatus.] Winged; with dilatations liie 
a'La-TED, j 'wings. In botany, bordered by a membra- 
nous or leafy expansion. 
AL-A-TERJSUS, n. A name of a species of buckthorn. 
ALB, n. [L. albus.] A white linen tunic worn by priests un- 
der the cassock, reaching to the feet ; a Turkish coin. 
AL'BA-TROSS, n. A very large sea-bird, having in some 
cases wings extending seventeen feet : the body is some- 
times white throughout, but usually the back is spotted or 
clouded with brown. 
AL-Be'IT. [Albeit is supposed to be a compound of all, be, 
and it, and is equivalent to admit, or grant it all.] Be it so ; 
admit all that ; although ; notwithstanding. [Now nearly 
antiquated.] 
AL'BE-LEN, n. A fish of the trout kind. 
AL-BES'CENT, a. [L. albesco.] Becoming white, or rather 

whitish ; moderately white. 
AL'BI-€ORE, n. [Port, albacor.] A marine fish, like a 

tunny, 
t AL-BI-FI-C ACTION, n. Making white.— Chaucer. 
AL-BI-GEN'SeS, In. pi. A party of Reformers, who sepa- 
AL-BI-GEOIS', > rated from the Church of Rome in the 
12th century, so called from the Albigeois, a small territory 
in France, where they resided. They are sometimes con- 
founded with the Waldenses. 
AL'BIN, n. [L. albus.] An opaque, white mineral ; a variety 

of apophyllite, from Aussig, in Bohemia. 
AL'BLNISM, n. The state or condition of an albino. 
AL-Bl'NO, n. [L. albus.] 1. A white descendant of black pa- 
rents, or a white person belonging to a race of blacks. 2 
One of a class of persons who are pale or cadaverous, 
with white hah-, and, commonly, reddish eyes, which are 
often weak or short-sighted. 
AL-Bi'NO-ISM, n. The "state of an albino. 
AL'BI-ON, n. An ancient name of England, still used in po- 
etry. 
AL'BlTE, ?2. [L. albus.] A species of the feldspar family, of 
a white color, differing from common feldspar in contain- 
ing soda instead of potash. It is a constituent in many va- 
rieties of granitic rocks. 
AL-Bo'RA, n. A sort of itch, or, rather, leprosy. 
AL-Bo'RAK, n. The white mule on which Mohammed is 
said to have journeyed from the temple of Jerusalem to 
heaven. 
AL-BU-GIN'E-OUS, a. [L. albugo.] Pertaining to, or resem- 
bling the white of the eye, or of an egg. 
AL-Bu'GO, n. The white speck in the eye ; also, a disease 

of the eye. 
AL'BUM, n. [L. albus.] 1. Among the Romans, a white ta- 
ble, board, or register. 2. A book, in which foreigners or 
strangers insert autographs of celebrated persons, or in 
which friends insert pieces as memorials for each other. 
3. A book in which visitors at public places enter their 
names, remarks, <tc. — Gray. 
AL-Bu'MEN, n. 1. The white of an egg. 2. A sabstance 
found in most animal bodies, and existing nearly pure in 
the white of an egg. — 3. In botany, the substance interposed 
between the embryo and integument of the seed in some 
plants. 
AL-Bu'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or having the properties 

of albumen. 
AL-BURN'UM, n. [L. alburnum.] The white and softer part 
of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood, 01 
duramen. In America, it is popularly called the sap-wood. 

MoVE.BOOlC 



ALE 



27 



ALG 



ALBURN'US, n. [L. alburnus.] A fish called the bleak. 

AL-GaDE'. See Alcaid. 

AL'€A-HEST, In. [Arabic] A pretended universal solv- 

AL'KA-HEST, > ent, or menstruum. See Alkahest. 

AL-€a'I€, a. Pertaining to AIcsbus, a lyric poet. 

AL-Gi'I€S, n. plu. Several kinds of verse, so called from 
Alcaeus, their inventor. 

AL-GaID', n. [Sp. alcayde ; Port, alcaide.] Among the 
Moors, Spaniards, and Portuguese, a governor. Also, in 
Portugal, a magistrate ; and in Spain, a jailor. 

AL-€AL'DE, n. In Spain, a magistrate or judge. This word 
is often improperly confounded with Alcaic — P. Cyc. 

AL-€AN'NA, n. [Arabic] See Henna. 

AL--G A-Va'LA, n. In Spain, a tax on every transfer of prop- 
erty, real or personal. — Encyc. 

AL-Ce'DO, n. [L.] The king-fisher. 

AL-€HEM'I€, ? a. Relating to alchemy, or produced by 

AL-€HEM'IG-AL, > it. 

AL-€HEMT€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of alchemy. 

AL'GHE-MIST, n. One who practices alchemy. 

AL-€HE-MIST1€, \a. Practicing alchemy, or relating 

AL-€HE-MISTT€-AL, J to it. 

AL'€HE-MY, n. [It. alchimia.] 1. A pretended science, aim- 
ing at the transmutation of metals into gold, the finding a 
universal remedy for diseases, and an alkahest, or univer- 
sal solvent, and other things now treated as ridiculous. It 
was much cultivated from the thirteenth to the seventeenth 
centuries, but is now held in contempt. 2. Formerly, a 
mixed metal used for utensils. [This word, from its deri- 
vation, would be more properly spelled alchimy.] 

AL€-Ma'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alcman, a lyric poet. 

AL'€0, n. The native Mexican dog. 

AL'€0-HOL, n. [Ar.l Pure or highly rectified spirit, obtain- 
ed from fermented liquors by distillation. 

AL'-GO-HOL-ITE, n. A salt, in which alcohol seems to oc- 
cupy the place of the water of crystallization. — Brande. 

AL-€0-HOL'I€, a. Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its 
qualities. — Med. Rep. 

AL-€0-HOL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of rectifying spirit till 
it is wholly freed from mixture, or of reducing a substance 
to an impalpable powder. 

AL'€0-HOL-lZE, v. t. To convert into alcohol ; to rectify 
spirit till it is wholly freed from mixture ; also, to reduce 
a substance to an impalpable powder. 

AL'€OR., n. [Ar.] A small star in the Great Bear. 

AL'-GO-RAN. See Koran and Alkoran. 

AL-GO-HOL'ME-TER, n. An instrument for determining 
the amount of pure alcohol in spirits. — ITre. A similar in- 
strument, invented by Gay Lussac, was AlcOometer. 

* AL'€OVE, or AL-€oVE', n. [Sp. alcoba.] 1. A recess, or 
part of a room, separated by an estrade, or partition of col- 
umns, or by other corresponding ornaments, in which is 
placed a bed of state, and sometimes seats for company. 2. 
A recess in a library, or small lateral apartment for books. 
3. A covered building or recess in a garden. 4. A recess 
in a grove. 

AL'CY-ON, n. The name of a species of king-fisher. See 
Halcyon. 

AL-CY-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the alcyona, a family of 
zoophytes. 

AL'CY-ON-lTE, n. A fossil zoophyte, somewhat resembling 
a fungus. — J. of Science. 

AL-CY-o'NI-UM, n. A family of zoophytes, branching some- 
what like a plant, and when alive, covered with small pol- 
yps, having the shape of a pink when expanded. 

AL-DE-Ba'RAN, n. [Ar.] The bull's eye, a star of the first 
iinagnitude in the constellation Taurus. 

AL'DER, n. [L. alnus.] A tree, usually growing in moist 
land, and belonging to the genus alnus. 

AL'DER, n. The ancient genitive plural of the Saxon eal, all. 
' It was formerly prefixed to adjectives in the superlative ; 
as, aider-first, first of all ; alder-best, best of all ; alder-lief 
est (from lief), dearest of all. — Toone. 

T AL-DER-LIe VEST, a. Most beloved.— Shdk. See Alder. 

AL'DER-MAN, n. ; plu. Aldermen [Sax. aid or eald, old, 
comp. alder, older, and man.] 1. Among our Saxon ances- 
tors, a senior or superior. The title was applied to princes, 
dukes, earls, senators, bishops, &c 2. In present usage, a 
magistrate or oificer of a town corporate, next in rank be- 
low the mayor. 

t AL-DER-MAN'I-TY, n. The behavior and manners of an 
alderman ; the society of aldermen. 

AL'DER-MAN-LlKE, a. Like an alderman. 
£L'DER-MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to, or like an alderman. — 
' Swift. 

AL'DERN, a. Made of alder. 

AL'DiNE E-Dl"TIONS, n.pl. Editions chiefly of the classics, 
printed with great care, by the family of Aldus Manutius, 
in Venice, in the seventeenth century. The term has 
been recently applied to certain elegant editions of English 
works. 
X.LE, n. [Sax. eala, eale, or aloth.] 1. A liquor made from 
an infusion of malt by fermentation : it differs from beer 



in having a smaller proportion of hops. 2. Amerrymeee 
ing in English country places, so called from the liquor 
drank. — Ben Jonson. 

aLE'-BENCH, n. A bench in or before an ale-house. 

ILE'-BER-RY, n. A beverage made by boiling ale with 
spice, sugar, and sops of bread. 

aLE'-BRE W-ER, n. One whose occupation is to brew ale. 

aLE'-€ON-NER, n. [ale and con.] An officer in London, in 
former times, whose business it was to inspect the meas- 
ures used in public houses, to prevent frauds in selling liq- 
uors. 

ILE-€OST, n. Costmary, a plant 

ALE'-FED, a. Fed with ale.— Stafford. 

aLE'-HOOF, n. [D. eiloofi] Ground-ivy ; used formerly in 
making ale, and hence the name. 

ILE'-HOUSE, n. A house where ale is retailed. 

aLE'-HOUSE-KEEP'ER, n. One who keeps an ale-house. 

ALE'-KNlGHT (ale'nite), n. A pot companion. — Chaucer. 

ILE'-SHOT, n. A reckoning to be paid for ale. 

aLE'-SIL-VER, n. A duty paid to the lord mayor of Lon- 

_ don by _the sellers of ale within the city. 

aLE -STaKE, n. A stake set as a sign before an ale-house. 
— Chaucer. 

1LE' TaST-ER, n. An officer appointed, in former times, 
to inspect ale, beer, and bread. — Cowel. 

ALE -VAT, n. A vat in which ale is fermented. 

A-LEW, n. Shouting ; same as halloo. — Spenser. [Obs.] 

aLE'-WASHED (ale'wosht), a. Steeped in ale. 

aLE'-WiFE, n. A woman who keeps an ale-house. 

aLE'WIFE, In. [This word is properly aloof, the Indian 

A'LOOF, 5 name of a fish] An American fish, resem- 
bling the herring. The established pronunciation is ale- 
wife, plural alewives. 

A-LE€-TO-ROM'A-€HY, n. [Gr. aXatTup, a cock, and naxn, 
a fight.] Cock-fighting. 

A-LE€'TRY-OMAN-CY, n. [Gr. a\tKrpvu>v and navraa.] 
An ancient practice of foretelling events by means of a cock. 

A-LEE', adv. In seamen's language, on the side opposite to 
the wind, that is, opposite to the side on which it strikes. 

AL'E-GAR, n. [ale, and Fr. aigre, sour.] Sour ale ; acid 
made of ale. 

t AL'E-6ER, a. [Fr. ; Sp. alegre ; L. alacer.] Gay ; cheerful , 
sprightly. — Bacon. 

t A-LEGGE', v. t. To lighten ; to lessen ; to assuage. 

A-LEMB'DAR, n. A standard-bearer of the Turkish sultan. 

A-LEM'BIG, n. [Ar.] A chemical vessel used in distillation ; 
usually made of glass or metal. 

A-LEM'BROTH, n. A compound of corrosive sublimate and 
sal ammoniac. 

A-LENGTH', adv. At full length ; along ; stretched at full 
length. — Chaucer. 

A-LEP'I-DOTE, n. [Gr. a and \cms.] Any fish whose skin 
is not covered with scales. 

A-LERT', a. [Fr. alerte; Sp. alerto.] 1. Watchful; vigi- 
lant ; active in vigilance ; hence the military phrase, upon 
the alert, upon the watch. 2. Moving with celerity. — Spec- 
tator. — Syn. Brisk; nimble; active; agile; lively ; quick; 
prompt; sprightly; assiduous. 

A-LERTNESS, n. Briskness ; nimbleness ; sprightliness ; 
levity. — Addison. 

AL-EimO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. alsvpov and navraa.] A kind 
of divination by meal. 

A-LEu'TIAN, la. Designating certain isles in the Pacific 

A-LEu'TI-G, ) Ocean eastward of Kamtschatka. » 

AL-EX-AN'DER, n. The name of a plant. 

AL-EX-AN'DER'S FOOT, n. The name of a plant. 

AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alexandria. 

AL-EX-AN'DRiNE, \n. A kind of verse, consisting of 

AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, $ twelve syllables, or of twelve and 
thirteen alternately. 

A-LEX-I-PHARM'I€, \a. [Gr. aX^w and 4 'apnnKov.] Ex- 

A-LEX-I-PHaRM'I€-AL, ) pelling or resisting poison ; anti- 
dotal ; also, sudorific ; that has the quality of expelling pois- 
on or infection by sweat. 

A-LEX-I-PHaRM'I€, n. A medicine that is intended to ob- 
viate the effects of poison ; an antidote to poison or infec- 
tion. 

A-LEX-I-TER'I€, ) a. [Gr. aA££w and Srj'XriTrjpiov.] Re- 

A-LEX-I-Te'RI-AL, > sisting poison ; obviating the effects 

A-LEX-I-TER'I€-AL, ) of venom. 

A-LEX-I-TER'I€, n. A medicine to resist the effects of pois- 
on ; nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. 

AL'GA, n. [L.] Sea-weed. 

AL'GJE, n. plu. [L.] A tribe of submerged plants. 

AL'GA-ROT, I n. The name of an emetic powder, prepar- 

AL'GA-ROTH, ) ed frorn antimony, so called from its in- 
ventor, Algarotti. 

t AL'GaTES, adv. On any terms ; every way. 

AL'gE-BRa, n. [Ar.] The science of quantity in general 
or universal arithmetic. Algebra is a general method 
of computation, in which signs and symbols, which are 
commonly the letters of the alphabet, are made to rep- 
resent numbers and quantities. It takes an unknown 



D<*T C ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TH as in 



t Obsolete. 



ALI 



28 



ALK 



quantity sought, as if granted, and by means of one or 
more quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed 
is discovered by some other known quantity to which it 
is equal. 

AL-GE-BRITG, )a. Per taining to algebra; containing an 

AL-gE-BRa'I€-AL, 3 operation of algebra, or deduced from 
such operation. 

4L-GE-BRI'I€-AL-LY, adv. By algebraic process. 

\L-GE-BRI'IST, n. One who is versed in the science of al- 
gebra. 

AL'gE-BRA-iZE, v. t. To perform by algebra, or reduce to 
algebraic form. 

AL'gEN-EB, n. A star of the second magnitude. 

AL-GE-RiNE', n. A native of Algiers. 

Al ,-GE-RiiNE', a. Belonging to Algiers. 

\ A L'GID, a. [L. algidus.] Cold. 

^"idSeII; } n - Chminess •• coldness - 

f AL-GIFTC, a. Producing cold. 

AL'GOL, n. A fixed star in Medusa's head in the constella- 
tion Perseus, remarkable for its periodical variation in 
brightness. 
AL'GOR,«. [L.j Among physicians, an unusual coldness in 

any part of the body. 
AL'GO-RITHM, In. An Arabic term, signifying numerical 
AL GO-RISM, J computation, or the six operations of 

arithmetic. 
f-AL-GoSE', a. Extremely cold. 
AL'GOUS, a. [L. alga.] Pertaining to sea-weed ; abounding 

with, or like sea-weed. 
AL-GUA-ZW (al-gwa-zeelO, n. [Sp.] An inferior officer of 
justice in Spain, corresponding to the English bailiff; a 
constable. 
AL-HEN'NA. See Henna. 
A'LI-AS, [L.] Otherwise ; as in this example, Simson, alias 

Smith ; a word used in judicial proceedings. 
A'LI-AS, n. A second writ or execution, issued when the 

first has failed to enforce the judgment. 
AL'I-Bl, n. [L.] Elsewhere ; in another place ; a law term. 
When a person is charged with an offense, and he proves 
that he could not have committed it, because he was, at the 
time, in another place, he is said to prove an alibi. 
t AL'I-BLE, a. [L.] Nutritive, or that may be nourished. 
AL'I-DaDE, n. The index of a graduated instrument (such 
as a quadrant), carrying the sights or telescope, and show- 
_ ing the degrees cut off on the arc of the instrument. 
XL'IEN (ale'yen), a. [L. alienus.] 1. Foreign ; not belonging 
to the same country, land, or government. 2. Belonging 
to one who is not a citizen. 3. Estranged ; foreign ; not 
allied ; adverse to. 
A LTEN (ale'yen), n. A foreigner ; one born in, or belonging 
to another country ; one who is not entitled to the privi- 
leges of a citizen. 
aL-IEN-A-BIL'I-TY (ale'yen-a-bil'e-te), n. The capacity of 

being alienated or transferred. — Burke. 
aL'IEN-A-BLE (ale'yen-a-bl), a. That may be sold or trans- 
ferred to another. 
aL'IEN-AGE (ale'yen-aje), n. The state of being an alien. — 

Story. 
SL'IEN-ITE (ale'y en-ate), v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To transfer 
title, property, or right to another. 2. To estrange ; to 
withdraw, as the affections ; to make indifferent or averse, 
where love or friendship before subsisted. 3. To apply to 
a wrong use ; as, " they shall not alienate the first fruits of 
the land." 
k L'lEN-ATE, a. {L.alienatus.] Estranged; withdrawn from; 

stranger to. 
\ ALIEN- ATE, n. A stranger ; an alien. 
ALIEN- a-TED, pp. Estranged ; withdrawn ; transferred to 

another. 
aL'IEN-a-TING, ppr. Estranging; transferring property or 

affection to another. 
aL-IEN-a'TION (ale-yen-a'shun), n. [L. alienatio.] 1. A 
transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to an- 
other. 2. The state of being alienated. 3. A withdrawing 
or estrangement. 4. Delirium ; derangement of mental 
faculties ; insanity. — Hooker. 
aL'IEN-a-TOR, n. One who alienates or transfers proper- 
ty.— Warton. 
aL-1eNE' (ale-yeen'), v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To transfer title 
or property to another ; to sell. 2. To estrange ; to make 
averse or indifferent In this sense it is more common to 
use alienate. 
AL-IEN-EE', n. One to whom the title to property is trans- 
ferred. — Blackstone. 
AL'IEN-ISM, n. Alienage.— N. Y. Reports. 
A-LlFE', adv. On my fife.— Shak. 
A-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ala and ftro.] Having wings. 
AL'I-FORM. a. [L. ala and forma:] Having the shape of a 

win?. 
A-LIg'ER-OUS, a. [L. ala and gcro.] Having wings. 
A-LIGGE'. See Alegge. 
A LIGHT (a-lite'), v. i. [Sax. alihtan.] 1. To get down or 



descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage. 2. To 
descend and settle. 3. To fall, or descend, and lodge. 

A-LlGN' (a-line'), v. t. [Fr. aline.] To form in a line ; to ad- 
just to a line ; to lay out or regulate by a line. 

A-LlGN'MENT, n. [Fr.] A laying out or regulating by a 
line ; an adjusting to a line ; the state of being adjusted to 
a line ; the line of adjustment 

A-LlKE', a. [Sax. gelic] Having resemblance or similitude * 
similar. 

A-LlKE', adv. In the same manner, form, or degree 

A-LlKE'-MlND-ED, a. Having the same mind. 

AL'I-MENT, n. [L. alimentum.] That which nourishes , 
food ; nutriment. 

AL-I-MENT'AL. a. Supplying food ; that has the quality of 
nourishing. 

AL-I-MENT'AL-LY, adv. So as to serve for nourishment or 
food. 

AL-I-MENT'A-RI-NESS, n. The quality of supplying nutri- 
ment. 

AL-I-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to aliment or food; having 
the quality of nourishing. The alimentary canal is the 
great duct or intestine by which aliments are conveyed 
through the body, and the useless parts evacuated. 

AL-I-MENT-A'TION, n. 1. The act or power of affording 
nutriment 2. The state of being nourished. — Johnson. 

AL-I-MENT'iVE-NESS, n. A word among phrenologists, 
to denote the organ which comntanicates the pleasure that 
arises from eating and drinking. 

AL-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Nourishing ; affording food. [Little 
used.] 

AL'I-MO-NY, n. [L. alimonia.] An allowance made for the 
support of a woman legally separated from her husband.- 
Blackstone, 

AL'I-OTH, n. A star in the tail of the Great Bear, much used 
in finding the latitude. 

AL'I-PED, a. [L. ala and pes.] Wing-footed ; having the toes 
connected by a membrane, which serves as a wing. 

AL'I-PED, n. An animal whose toes are connected by a mem- 
brane, and which thus serve for wings ; a cheiropter ; as 
the bat. — Dumeril. 

AL'I-QUANT, a. [L. aliquantum.] In arithmetic, an aliquant 
number or part is that which does not measure another 
number without a remainder. Thus, 5 is an aliquant part 
of 16. 

AL'I-QUOT, a. [L.] An aliquot part of a number or quanti- 
ty is one which will measure it without a remainder. Thus, 
5 is an aliquot part of 15. 

A.L1SH, a. Like ale ; having the qualities of ale. 

AL'I-TRUNK, n. [L. ala and trunk.] The segment of the 
body of an insect to which the wings are attached. — Kirby. 

tAL'1-TURE, n. Nourishment. 

A-LlVE', a. [Sax. gelifian.] 1. Having life ; in opposition to 
dead ; living. 2. In a state of action ; unextinguished ; un- 
destroyed ; unexpired ; in force or operation. 3. Cheer- 
ful ; sprightly ; lively ; full of alacrity. 4. Susceptible ; 
easily impressed ; having lively feelings. 

A-LIZ'A-RiNE, n. A peculiar coloring matter obtained from 
madder. — Brande. 

AL'KA-HEST, n. [Ar.] A universal solvent ; a menstruum 
capable of dissolving every body. 

AL-KA-HESTIC, a. Pertaining to the alkahest. 

AL-KA-LES'CEN-CY, n. A tendency to become alkaline, or 
a tendency to the properties of an alkali. — Ure. 

AL-KA-LES'CENT, a. Tending to the properties of an al- 
kali ; slightly alkaline. 

* AL'KA-LI (-h or -li), n. ; plu. Alkalies. [Ar.] In chemis- 
try, a salifiable base, having in a greater or less degree a 
peculiar acrid taste, the power of changing blue vegetable 
colors to green, and the color of turmeric and rhubarb to 
brown. Potash, soda, and ammonia are the leading alkalies. 

AL'KA-LI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be alkalified or converted 
into an alkali. — Thomson. 

AL'KA-LI-FIjBD, pp. Converted into alkali. 

AL'KA-LI-FY, v. t. To form or to convert into an alkali 

AL'KA-LI-Fy, v. i. To become an alkali. 

AL-KA-LlG'E-NOUS, a. [alkali and Gr. yevvau).] Producing 
or generating alkali. 

AL-KA-LIM'E-TER, n. [alkali and Gr. /jterpov.] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the strength of alkalies. — Ure. 

AL-KA.LIM'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining the strength 
of alkalies. — M'Culloch. 

* AL'KA-LINE (-line or -lin), a. Having the properties of 
an alkali. 

AL-KA-LIN1-TY, n. The quality which constitutes an alkali. 

— Thomson. 
AL-Ka'LI-OUS, a. Having the qualities of an alkali. — Kinnier 
t AL'KA-LI-Z aTE, a. Alkaline ; impregnated with alkali.— 

Boyle. 
t AI/KA-LI-ZaTE, v. t. To make bodies alkaline. 
AL-KA-LI-ZaTION, n. The act of rendering alkaline by 

impregnating with an alkali. 
ALTvA-LlZE, v. t. To make alkaline ; to communicate the 

properties of an alkali to, by mixture. 

■ See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c, short.— FaR, FALLTwHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOQkT 



ALL 



29 



ALL 



4.L/KA-L0ID, n. A salifiable base formed and existing in 
some vegetables as a proximate principle, and having only 
in a slight degree the peculiar properties of an alkali. 
AL'KA-NET, n~ A plant affording a deep red dye ; a deep 

red coloring matter. — Brande. 
AL-KE-KEN'Gi, n. The winter cherry. 
AL-KEN'NA, > g R 
AL-HEN'NA, 5 71 - MeMENNA ' 
AL-KERM'eS, n. [Ar.] In pharmacy, a compound cordial, 

formed chiefly from the kermes berries. 
AL-KER'VA, n. An Arabic name of the palma Christi. — 

Quincy. 
AL'KO-RAN, n. [Ar. al, the, and koran, book. The Book, by 
way of eminence, as we say, the Bible.] 1. The book 
which contains the Mohammedan doctrines nf faith and 
practice. 2. A high tower in Eastern mosques. 
AL-KO-RAN'ISH, a. Relating to the Alkoran. 
AL'KO-RAN-IST, n. One who adheres strictly to the letter 
of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are 
generally Alkoranists ; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars ad- 
mit a multitude of traditions. 
ALL (awl), a. [Sax. eal ; Dan. al; G. all; Sw. all.] 1. 

" Every one, or the whole number of particulars. 2. The 
whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree. 
ALL, adv. Wholly ; completely ; entirely. — It is all one, de- 
notes it is the same in the result. 
ALL, n. 1. The whole number. 2. The whole ; the entire 
thing ; the aggregate amount. This adjective is much used 
as a noun, and applied to persons or things. — All in all is a 
phrase which signifies all things to a person, or every thing 
desired. — At all is a phrase much used by way of enforce- 
ment or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sen- 
tences. He has no ambition at all ; that is, not in the least 
degree. — All and some denotes all together, or at once; 
" some" being the Saxon somne, together, at once. — All in 
the wind, in marine language, denotes that the sails, instead 
of being filled with the wind, shake in it, so as to give no 
impulse. Hence the phrase is applied figuratively to what 
is wavering and uncertain. — All, in composition, enlarges 
the meaning, or adds force to a word, and it is generally 
more emphatical than most. In some instances, all is in- 
corporated into words, as in almighty, already, always, but 
in most instances it is an adjective prefixed to other words, 
but separated by a hyphen. 

ALL-A-BAN'DONJSD, a. Abandoned by all. 

ALL-AB-HORR.ED, a . Detested by all.— Shak. 

ALL-AB-S ORBING, a. Engrossing ; that drowns or super- 
sedes all other considerations. 

ALL-A€-€OM'PLISH£D (-isht), a. Fully accomplished; 
whose education is highly finished. 

ALL-AD-MlR'ING, a. Wholly admiring.— Shak. 

ALL-AD- ViS'.ED, a. Advised by ail.— fVarburton. 

ALL-AP-PRoV'JED, a. Approved by all— More. 

ALL-A-ToNTNG, a. Atoning for all.— Dryden. 

ALL-BEIRTNG, a. Producing every thing ; omniparous. 

ALL-BEAu'TE-OUS, a. Perfectly beautiful.— Pope. 

ALL-BE-HoLD'ING, a. Beholding all things. 

ALL-BLASTING, a. Blasting all ; defaming or destroying 
all. — Marston. 

ALL-BOUN'TE-OUS, \a. Perfectly bountiful ; of infinite 

ALL-BOUN'TI-FUL, 5 bounty. 

ALL-CHaNgTNG, a. Perpetually changing.— Shak. 

ALL-CHEERING, a. That cheers all ; that gives gayety or 
cheerfulness to all. — Shak. 

ALL-COM-MANDTNG, a. Having command or sovereign- 
ty over all. — Raleigh. 

ALL-COM-PLyTNG. a. Complying in every respect. 

ALL-€OM-PoSTNG, a. That makes all tranquil or peaceful. 
— Crashaw. 

ALL-€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. Comprehending all things. 

ALL-€ON-CeALTNG, a. Hiding or concealing all. 

ALL-€ON'QUER-ING (-konk'er-), a. That subdues all. 

ALL-CON'SCIOUS, a. Conscious of all ; all-knowing. 

ALL-€ON-STRaIN'ING, a. Constraining all.— Drayton. 

ALL-€ON-SuM'1NG, a. That consumes or devours all. 

ALL-CON-TRoLLTNG, a. Controlling all.— Everett. 

ALL-DaR'ING, a. Daring to attempt every thing. — Jonson. 

ALL-DE-SlGNTNG, a. Designing all things. 

ALL-DE-STROYTNG, a. Destroying every thing.— Fan- 
shaw. 

ALL-DEV'AS-Ta-TING, a. Wasting every thing. 

■ALL-DE-VOUR'ING, a. Eating or consuming all.— Pope. 

ALL-DIM'MING, a. Obscuring every thing.— Marston. 

ALL-DI-RECTING, a. Directing ; governing all things. 

ALL-DIS-CERN'ING, a. Discerning every thing. 

ALL-DIS-C6VER-ING, a. Discovering or disclosing every 
thing. — More. 

ALL-DIS-GRa'CBD (-aste), a. Completely disgraced.— Shak. 

ALL-DIS-PENSTNG, a. Dispensing all things ; affording 
dispensation or permission.— Milton. 

ALL-DI-ViNE', a. Supremely excellent— Howell. 

ALL-DI-VlN'ING, a. Foretelling all things.— Fanshaw. 
ALL-DReAD'ED, a. Dreaded by all.— Shak. 



ALL-EF-FI-€A'CIOUS, a. Having all efficacy.— Everett. 

ALL-EF-Fl"CIENT, a. Of perfect or unhuuujd efficacy or 
efficiency. 

ALL-EL'O-QUENT, a. Eloquent in the highest degree. 

ALL-EM-BRa'CING, a. Embracing all things.— Crashaw. 

ALL-END'ING, a. Putting an end to all things.— Shak. 

ALL-EN-LIGHT.EN-ING, a. Enlightening all things. 

ALL-EN-Rag'jED (-rajd), a. Highly enraged.— Hall. 

ALL-ES-SENTIAL, a. Wholly essential.— Evirett. 

ALL-FLaMTNG, a. Flaming in all directions. — Beaumont. 

ALL-FOOLS'-DaY, n. The first of April. 

ALL-FOR-GiV'ING, a. Forgiving or pardoning all. 

ALL-FoURS, n. A game at cards, so called from the four 
chances of which it consists, viz., high, low, jack, and game. 
Encyc. Amer. — To go on all fours, is to move or walk on 
four legs, or on the two legs and two arms. 

ALL-GIV'ER, n. The Giver of all things.— Milton. 

ALL-GLo'RI-OUS, a. Glorious to the full extent. 

ALL-GOOD', a. Completely good. — Dryden. 

ALL-GOOD', n. The name of the plant Good-Henry. 

ALL-GRa'CIOUS, a. Perfectly gracious. 

ALL-GUlDTNG, a. Guiding or conducting all things. 

ALL-HaIL', exclam. [all, and Sax. heel, health.] All health ; a 
phrase of salutation, expressing a wish of all health or safe- 
ty to the person addressed. 

ALL-HAL'LoW, \n. All Saints' day, the first of Novem- 

ALL-HAL'LoWS, £ ber ; a feast dedicated to all the saints. 

ALL-HALLoW-TlDE, n. The time near All Saints, or No- 
vember first. 

ALL-HAP'PY, a. Completely happy. 

ALL-HE AL', n. The popular name of several plants. 

ALL-HeAL'ING, a. Healing all things.— Selden. 

ALL-HELP'ING, a. Assisting all.— Selden. 

ALL-HlD'ING, a. Concealing all things.— Shak. 

ALL-Ho'LY, a. Completely, perfectly holy. 

ALL-HOL'LOW, ad. Completely ; by very great odds. 

ALL-HON'OR-ED (-on'ord), a. Honored by all.— Shak. 

ALL-HURTING, a. Hurting all things.— Shak. 

ALL-I'DOL-IZ-ING, a. Worshiping every thing. 

ALL-IL-Lu'MIN-A-TING, a. Enlightening every thing. 

ALL-IM'I-Ta-TING, a. Imitating every thing.— More. 

ALL-IM-P5RTANT, a. Important above all things. 

ALL-IM-PRESS'lVE, a. Impressive to the utmost extent 

ALL-IN-FORM'ING, a. Actuating all by vital powers. 

ALL-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Interesting in the highest degree. 

ALL-IN-TER'PRET-ING, a. Explaining all things.— Milton 

ALL-JUDG'ING, a. Judging all ; possessing the sovereign 
right of judging. — Rowe. 

ALL-JUST, a. Perfectly just. 

ALL-KlND', a. Perfectly kind or benevolent 

ALL-KNoW'ING, a. Having all knowledge ; omniscient — 
Atterbury. 

ALL-Ll'CENSJED (-senst), a. Licensed to every thing. 

ALL-L6VES, n. pi. A former mode of adjuration, meaning, 
for the love of all things ; as, speak, of all loves. — Shak. 

ALL-L6VTNG, a. Of infinite love.— More. 

ALL-MIK'ING, a. Making or creating all ; omnific. — Dry- 
den. 

ALL-MA-TuRTNG, a. Maturing all things.— Dryden. 

ALL-MER'CI-FUL, a. Of perfect mercy or compassion. 

ALL-MUR'DER-ING, a. Killing or destroying every thing 

ALL-O-Be'DI-ENT, a. Entirely obedient.— Crashaw. 

ALL-O-BEY'ING, a. Receiving obedience from all. 

ALL-OB-LIV'I-OUS, a. Causing total oblivion.— Shak. 

ALL-OB-S€uRTNG, a. Obscuring every thing. — King. 

ALL-Pa'TIENT, a. Enduring every thing without mur 
murs. 

ALL-PEN'E-TRa-TING, a. Penetrating every thing. 

ALL-PERFECT, a. Completely perfect. 

ALL-PERFECT-NESS, n. The perfection of the whole , 
entire perfection. — More. 

ALL-PIeR'CING, a. Piercing every thing.— Marston. 

ALL-Po'TENT, a. Having all power.— Irving. 

ALL-POW'ER-FUL, a. Almighty ; omnipotent— Swift. 

ALL-PRaIS'£D, "a. Praised by all.— Shak. 

ALL-PRES'ENT, a. Omnipresent. 

ALL-PRO-TECTTNG. a. Furnishing complete protection. 

ALL-RuL'ING, a. Governing all things.— Milton. 

ALL-SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. Having all sagacity ; of perfect dis- 
cernment 

ALL-SaINTS'-DaY, n. The first day of November, called, 

" also, All-hallows ; a feast in honor of all the saints. 

ALL-SANC'TI-FY-ING, a. Sanctifying the whole.— West. 

ALL-SaV'ING, a. Saving all.— Selden. 

ALL-SeARCH'ING, a. Pervading and searching everv 

" thing. — South. 

ALL-SEE'ING, a. Seeing every thing.— Dryden. 

ALL-SEER', n. One who sees every thins:. — Shak. 

ALL-SHaK'ING, a. Shaking all things.— Shak. 

ALL-SHROUD'ING, a. Shrouding ; covering all things. 

ALL-SHUN'N-ED (-shund'). a. Shunned by al:. 

ALL-SoULS'-DaY, n. The second day of November ; 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl "CIOUS ;— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ALL 



30 



ALL 



least or solemnity held by the Roman Catholic Church, to 
supplicate for the souls of the faithful deceased. 

^LL'-SPICE, n. The berry -of the pimento, a pleasant, aro- 
matic spice. It was supposed to combine the flavor of 
cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves, and hence the name. 

ALL-SUF-Fi"CIEN-CY, n. Complete or infinite ability. 

ALL-SUF-Fi"CIENT, a. Sufficient to every thing ; infinite- 
ly able. — Hooker. 

ALL-SUF-Fl"CIENT, n. The all-sufficient Being ; God. 

4LL-SUR-ROUNDTNG, a. Encompassing the whole. 

ALL-SUR-VEYTNG, n. Surveying every tiling. 

ALL-SUS-TIINTNG, a. Upholding all things. 

ALL-TELLTNG, a. Telhng or divulging every thing. 

ALL-TRl'UMPH-ING, a. Triumphant every where or over 
all. — Jonsov,. 

ALL- WATCHED (-wocht), a. Watched throughout— Shak. 

ALL-WlSE', a. Possessed of infinite wisdom. — South. 

ALL-WIT'TED, a. Having all kinds of wit.— Jonson. 

ALL-W6RSHIP.ED (-shipt), a. Worshiped or adored by all. 

ALL-W6R'THY, a. Of infinite worth-; of the highest 

" worth._ 

AL'L A-GlTE, n. An impure, brownish variety of magnesian 
spar. 

AL'LAH, n. The Arabic name of the Supreme Being. 

ALL-A-MORT See Alamort. 

AL'LAN-lTE, n An ore of the metal Cerium and Lantha- 
num, having a pitch-black or brownish color. It was first 
discovered, as a species, by Allan. 

AL-LAN-To'I€, a. Pertaining to, or contained in, the allan- 
tois. Allantoic acid, a. peculiar acid found in the allantois 
of the fetal calf, formerly called amniotic acid. 

AL-LAN-TOID', )n. [Gr. aAAa? and £«5o?.] A thin mem- 

AL-LAN-TOIS', ) brane, situated between the chorion and 
amnios, in quadrupeds. 

t AL'LA-TRITE, v. t. [L. allatro.] To bark, as a dog. 

AL-L1Y',«. t. [Sax. alecgan, alegan.] 1. To repress or bring 
down that which is excited or raised up ; as, to allay dis- 
sensions ; to allay the violence of passion, or the severity of 
a disease. 2. Formerly, to reduce the purity of; as, to allay 
metals. But in this sense alloy is now exclusively used. [See 
Alloy.] — Syn. To check ; repress ; assuage ; appease ; 
abate ; subdue ; destroy ; compose ; soothe ; calm ; quiet ; 
alleviate. 

AL-LXY', n. 1. Formerly, a baser metal mixed with a finer, 
but in this sense it is now written alloy, which see. 2. That 
which allays, or abates the predominant qualities. — Newton. 

AL-LaY'£D (al-lade'),£p. Layedatrest; quieted; tranquil- 
ized ; abated ; reduced by mixture. 

AL-LaY'ER, n. He, or that, which allays. 

AL-L XY1NG, ppr. Quieting ; reducing to tranquillity ; abat- 
ing ; reducing by mixture. 

AL-L aY'MENT, n. The act of quieting ; a state of rest after 
disturbance ; that which allays ; abatement ; ease. — Shak. 

AL'LE (ally), n. The little auk, or black and white diver. 

t AL-LECT', v. t. To entice.— Huloets Diet. 

t AL-LECT-A'TION, n. Allurement ; enticement.— Coles. 

f AL-LE€TlVE, a. Alluring.— Chaucer. 

t AL-LECTIVE, n. Allurement— Eliot. 

AL-LEDgE'. See Allege. [This spelling, corresponding to 
abridge, was once the prevailing one, and would still be 
preferable.] 

AL-LE-GX'NE-AN, a. Pertaining to the mountains called Al- 
legany, or Allegenny. 

AL'LE-GA-NY, n. The chief ridge of the great chains of 
mountains which run from N.E. to S.W. through the Mid- 
dle and Southern States of North America. 

AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. 1. Affirmation; positive assertion or 
declaration. 2. That which is affirmed or asserted ; that 
which is offered as a plea, excuse, or justification.— -3. In 
ecclesiastical courts, declaration of charges. 

ALLEGE' (al-ledj'), v. t. [L. allego.] 1. To produce, as an 
argument, plea, or excuse ; as, to allege a recent decision 
of some court 2. Hence, to affirm or pronounce with 
positiveness. — Dryden, [less common.]— Syn. To bring for- 
ward ; adduce ; advance ; assign ; produce ; cite ; quote ; 
to declare ; affirm ; assert. 

f AL-LegE'A-BLE, a That may be alleged.— Brown. 

AL-Leg'.ED (alledjd'), pp. or a. Affirmed ; asserted, whether 
as a charge or a plea. 

AL-Leg'ER, n. One who affirms or declares. 

AL-LEG'ING, ppr. Asserting ; averring ; declaring. 

AL-LE'GE-AS, in. A stuff manufactured in the East In- 

AL-Le'gI-AS, 5 dies. 
AL-LEGE'MENT, n. Allegation. 

AL-LE'Gl-ANCE, n. [old Fr., from L. alligo.] The tie or ob- 
ligation of a subject to his prince or government ; the duty 
of fidelity to a king, government, or state. 
fALLE'Gl-ANT, a. Loyal.— Shak. 

AL-LE-GORTG, \ a. In the manner of allegory ; figura- 
AL-LE-GOR'IC-AL, 5 tive. 
A.L-LE-GOR1C-AL-LY, adv. In a figurative manner; by 

way of allegory. 
4L-LE-GORTC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being allegorical. 



AL'LE-GO-RIST, n. One who uses allegory, or allegorize^ 
as Bimyan or Spenser. — Whiston. 

AL'LE-GO-RlZE, v. t. 1. To form an allegory; to tuni 
into an allegory. 2. To understand in an allegorical sense. 

AL'LE-GO-RlZE, v. i. To use allegory. 

AL'LE-GO-RlZ^ED, pp. Turned into allegory. 

AL'LE-GO-RlZ-ER, n. One who allegorizes or turns thing? 
into allegory. 

AL'LE-GO-RlZ-ING, ppr. Turning into allegory ; using al 
legory ; understanding in an allegorical sense. 

AL'LE-GO-RY, n. [Gr. aXXrjyopia.] A figurative sentence oi 
discourse, in which the principal subject is described by 
another subject resembling it in its properties and circum 
stances. The principal subject is thus kept out of view, 
and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or 
speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the pri- 
mary subject. Allegory is in words what hieroglyphics are 
in painting. We have a fine example of an allegory in the 
eightieth psalm. 

AL-LE-GRET'TO [from allegro] denotes, in music, a move- 
ment or time quicker than andante, but not so quick as al- 
legro. — Busby. 

AL-Le'GRO. [It. merry, cheerful. In this sense it is used in 
the poem of Milton so named.] In music, a word denoting 
a brisk movement. As a noun, a piece of music to be per- 
formed with a brisk movement. 

AL-LE-Lfj'IAH, n. [Heb. IV ij&n.] Praise to Jehovah; a 
word used to express pious joy and exultation, chiefly in 
hymns and anthems. 

AL-LE-MaNDE', n. A slow air in common time, or grave, 
solemn music, with a slow movement Also, a brisk dance. 

AL-LE-MAN'NIC, a. Belonging to the Alemanni, ancient Ger- 
mans, and to Alemannia, their country. 

AL-Le'RI-ON, 77,. In heraldry, an eagle without beak or feet, 
with expanded wings. 

AL-LE-VEjfR', n. A small Swedish coin. 

AL-Le'VI-aTE, v. t. [Low Lat. allevio.] 1. To make light, 
but always in a figurative sense. To remove in part, ap- 
plied to evils ; as, to alleviate sorrow. 2. To make less by 
representation ; as, to alleviate a charge or imputation, 
[rare.] — Syn. To lessen ; diminish ; soften ; mitigate ; as- 
suage ; abate ; relieve ; nullify ; allay. 

AL-Le'VI-a-TED, pp. Made lighter ; mitigated ; eased ; ex- 
tenuated^ 

AL-Le'VI-a-TING, ppr. and a. Making lighter or more tol- 
erable ; extenuating. 

AL-LE-VI-I'TION, n. 1. The act of lightening, allaying, or 
extenuating; a lessening or mitigation. 2. That which 
lessens, mitigates, or makes more tolerable. 

t AL-Le'VI-A-TiVE, n. That which mitigates. 

AL'LEY (ally), n. [Fr. allee.] 1. A walk in a garden ; a nar- 
row passage. 2. A narrow passage or way in a city, a3 
distinct from a public street. 3. A choice taw, originally 
made of alabaster, is so called by boys. — Halliwell. 

AL-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. allium.] Pertaining to allium, or 
garlic, or having its smell. — Barton. 

AL-Ll'ANCE, n. [Fr. alliance.] 1. The relation or union be- 
tween families, contracted by marriage. 2. The union be- 
tween nations, contracted by compact, treaty, or league. 3. 
The treaty, league, or compact which is the instrument of 
confederacy. 4. Any union or connection of interests be 
tween persons, families, states, or corporations. 5. The 
persons or parties allied. Addison. — Syn. Connection ; 
affinity ; union ; confederacy ; league ; coalition. 

t AL-Ll'ANT, n. An ally.— Wotton. 

AL-Ll"CIEN-CY, n. [L. allicio.] The power of attracting 
any thing ; attraction ; magnetism. — Glanville. [Rare.] 

t AL-Ll"CIENT, n. That which attracts. 

AL-Ll'-ED (al-lide'), pp. Connected by marriage, treaty, or 
similitude. 

AL'LI-GITE, v. t. [L. alligo.] To tie together ; to unite by 
some tie. 

AL'LI-Ga-TING, ppr. Tying together ; uniting by some tie. 

AL-LI-Ga'TION, ti. 1. The act of tying together, [rare.] 2. 
A rule of arithmetic for finding the price or value of com- 
pounds consisting of ingredients of different values. 

AL'LI-Ga-TOR, n. [Sp. lagarto.] The American croco- 
dile. 

AL'LI-Ga-TOR-PEaR, n. A West India fruit 

t AL-LIG'A-TURE, n. See Ligature. 

AL-LIS'ION (al-lizh'un), n. [L. allido.] A striking against— 
Woodward. 

AL-LIT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. ad and litera.] The repetition of 
the same letter at the beginning of two or more words im- 
mediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals. 

AL-LIT'ER-A-TIVE, a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, allit- 
eration. 

AL-LO-€I'TION, n. [L. ad and locatio.] The act of putting 
one thing to another ; hence its usual sense is the admis- 
sion of an article of account, or an allmoance made upon 
an account ; a term used in the English exchequer. 

AL-LO-Ca'TUR, n. [L.] In law, a certificate of allowance 
of cost by the proper officer. 



See Synopsis. 1. E I. &c, long.— I, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD :— MoVE, BOOK, 



ALL 



31 



ALM 



ALliO-GHRO-lTE, n. A fine-grained, massive garnet, of a 
dingy, reddish-yellow color, found in Norway. 

AL-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. allocutio.] 1. The act or manner of 
speaking to. 2. An address ; a formal address. — Addison. 
(Rarely used.] 

AL-Lo'DI-AL, a. Pertaining to allodium ; held independent 
of a lord paramount ; opposed to feudal. 

AL-Lo'DI-AN is sometimes used, but not authorized. 

AL-Lo'DI-UM, n. [Fr. alleu.] Freehold estate ; land which 
is the absolute property of the owner ; real estate held in 
absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, 
service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus op- 
posed to feud. In England there is no allodial land, all land 
being held of the king ; but in the United States most lands 
are allodial. 

AL-L6NGE' (al-lunj / ), n. [Fr. allonger.] 1. A pass with a 
sword ; a thrust made by stepping forward and extending 
the arm ; a term used in fencing, often contracted into 
lunge. 2. Along rein, when a horse is trotted in the hand. 
— Johnson. 

AL-LOO',' v. t. or i. See Halloo. 

AL-LO-PATH'I€, a. Pertaining to allopathy. 

AL-LO-PATHTG-AL-LY, adv. In a manner conformable to 
allopathy. 

AL-LOPA-THIST, n. One who practices medicine accord- 
ing to the principles and rules of allopathy. 

AL-LOPA-THY, n. [Gr. d'AAos and vddog.] The ordinary 
mode of medical practice, in opposition to homeopathy ; 
a seeking to cure disease by the production of a condition 
of the system different from the condition essential to the 
disease to be cured. 

AL'LO-PHANE, n. [Gr. aAAo? and cpaLvw.] A clayey or alu- 
minous mineral, of a pale-blue or' greenish color, contain- 
ing from thirty to forty per cent, of water, and gelatinizing 
with acids. It loses its color before the blow-pipe, and 
hence its name. 

t AL'LO-QUY, n. A speaking to another. 

AL-LOT', v. t. [of ad and lot.] 1. To divide or distribute by 
lot. 2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions, or 
to distribute a share to each individual concerned. 3. To 
grant, as a portion ; to give, assign, or appoint in general. 

AL-LOT'MENT, n. 1. The act of allotting. 2. That which 
is allotted ; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed ; 
that which is assigned by lot. 3. A part, portion, or place 
appropriated. 

AL-LOTTED, pp. Distributed by lot ; granted; assigned. 

t AL-LOT'TER-Y is used by Shakspeare for allotment. 

AL-LOT'TING, ppr. Distributing by lot ; giving as portions ; 
assigning. 

AL-LOW, v. t. [Fr. allouer.] 1. To grant, give, or yield ; as, 
to allow a support. 2. To admit ; to own or acknowledge ; 
as, to allow a charge or a right. 3. To approve, justify, or 
sanction. 4. To afford, or grant as a compensation. 5. To 
abate or deduct ; as, to allow for waste. 6. Fa permit ; to 
grant license to ; as, to allow a servant to go abroad. 

AL-LOWA-BLE, a. That may be permitted as lawful, or 
admitted as true and proper ; not forbid ; not unlawful or 
improper. 

AL-LOWA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being allowable ; 
lawfulness. 

AL-LOWA-BLY, adv. In an allowable manner. 

AL-LOW'ANCE, n. 1. The act of allowing. 2. Permission ; 
license ; approbation ; sanction ; usually slight approba- 
tion. 3. Admission ; assent to a fact or state of things ; a 
granting. 4. Freedom from restraint; indulgence. 5. 
That which is allowed ; a portion appointed ; a stated 
quantity, as of food or drink ; hence, in seamen's language, 
h limited quantity of meat and drink when provisions fall 
short. 6. Abatement; deduction; as, an allowance for 
youthful inexperience. 7. Established character ; reputa- 
tion. Skak., [obs.] — 8. In commerce, a deduction on the 
weight of goods, such as tare and tret 

AL-LOWANCE, v. t. To put upon allowance ; to restrain 
or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink. 

AL-LOW.ED (al-lowd'), pp. Granted ; permitted ; assented 
to ; admitted ; approved ; indulged ; assigned ; abated. 

AL-LOWER, n. One who authorizes or permits. 

AL-L OWING, ppr. Granting ; permitting ; admitting ; ap- 
proving ; indulging ; deducting. 

AL-LOY', v. t. [Fr. allier.] 1. To reduce the purity of a 
metalby mixing with it a portion of one less valuable. 2. 
To mix metals. — Lavoisier. 3. To reduce or abate by mix- 
ture. 

AL-LOY', n. 1. In coinage, a baser metal mixed with a finer. 
2. The mixture of different metals ; any metallic com- 
pound, except that of mercury with another metal, which 
is called an amalgam. 3. Evil mixed with good. 

AL-LOY'AGE, n. [Fr. alliage.] 1. The act of alloying metals, 
or the mixture of a baser metal with a finer, to reduce its 
purity ; the act of mixing metals. 2. The mixture of dif- 
ferent metals. — Lavoisier. 

AL-LOY'JED (al-loyd'), pp. Mixed ; reduced in purity ; de- 
based ; abated by foreign mixture. 



AL-LOY'ING, ppr. Mixing a baser metal with a finer, to re- 
duce its purity. 

ALL'SPlCE. See under the compounds of all. 

f AL-LU-BES'CEN-CY, n. Willingness ; content. 

AL-LuDE', v. i. [L. alludo.] To refer to something not di- 
rectly mentioned ; to have reference ; to point at by re- 
mote suggestions. — Syn. To hint; refer; suggest; inti- 
mate ; glance at ; advert to. 

AL-LuD'ED, pp. Referred to ; hinted at. 

AL-LuD'ING, ppr. Having reference ; hinting at. 

AL-Lu'MIN-OR, n. [Fr. allumer.] One who colors or paints 
upon paper or parchment, giving light and ornament to 
letters and figures. This is now written limner. 

AL-LuRE', v. t. [Fr. leurrer.] To attempt to draw to ; to 
tempt by the offer of some good, real or apparent ; to in- 
vite by something flattering" or acceptable. — Syn. To at- 
tractj entice ; tempt ; decoy ; seduce. 

t AL-LuRE', n. Now written lure. 

AL-LuR'JSD (al-liird'), pp. Tempted ; drawn, or invited, by 
something that appeal's desirable. 

AL-LuRE'MENT, n. That which allures ; any real or appa- 
rent good held forth, or operating as a motive to action ; 
temptation; enticement. 

AL-LuR'ER, n. He or that which allures. 

AL-LvR'WG, ppr. 1. Drawing; tempting; inviting by some 
real or apparent good. 2. a. Inviting ; having the quality 
of attracting or tempting. 

AL-LtlRTNG-LY, adv. In an alluring manner ; enticingly. 

AL-LuR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of alluring. 

AL-Lu'SION (al-lu'zhun), n. [Fr., from allusio, Low L.] A 
reference to something supposed to be known, not explicit- 
ly mentioned ; a hint ; a suggestion. — In rhetoric, a refer- 
ence to some striking incident in the past, or passage in 
some writer, which illustrates and pleases by resemblance. 

AL-Lu'SI VE, a. Having reference to something not fully ex- 
pressed. 

AL-LtI'SiVE-LY, adv. By way of allusion. 

AL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being allusive. [Rare.\ 

AL-Lu'SO-RY, a. Allusive.— Heath. 

AL-Lu'VI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to alluvion ; added to land by 
the wash of water. 2. Washed ashore, or down a stream ; 
formed by a current of water ; deposited from water. — 
Kirwan. 

AL-Lu'VI-ON, n. [L. alluvio.] 1. In law, the gradual wash 
ing or carrying of earth and other substances to a shore or 
bank. 2. The increase thus added to a shore or bank, which 
belongs to the owner of the land. — 3. In physical geogra- 
phy^ tract of alluvial formation like the banks of rivers. 

AL-Lu' VI-OUS, a. The same as alluvial. [Rare.] 

AL-Lu'VI-UM, n. In geology, a formation composed of 
fragmentary matter, consisting of a mass of substances col- 
lected by the action of water. 

AL-LY', v. t. [Fr. allier.] 1. To unite, or form a relation, as 
between families by marriage, or between princes and 
states by treaty, league, or confederacy. 2. To form a re- 
lation by similitude, resemblance, or friendship. — Note- 
This word is more generally used in the passive form ; as, 
families are allied by blood ; or reciprocally ; as, princes 
ally themselves to powerful states. 

AL-LY', n. 1. A prince or state united by treaty or league ; 
a confederate. 2. One related by marriage or other tie. 

AL-LY'ING, ppr. Uniting by marriage or treaty. 

AL'MA MITER, [L.] Fostering mother; a college or sem- 
inary where one is educated. 

AL'MA-€AN-TAR. See Almucantak. 

AL'MA-DIE, n. A bark canoe used by the Africans ; also, a 
long boat used at Calicut, in India. 

AL'MA-GEST, n. [al, and Gr. (leyicrr).] A book or collection 
of problems in astronomy and geometry. 

AL-Ma'GRA, n. A fine, deep-red ochre. 

AL'MA-NAG", n. [Ax.] A small book, or table, containing a 
calendar of days, weeks, and months, with the times of the 
rising and setting of the sun and moon, changes of the 
moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, 
stated terms of courts, observations on the weather, &c . 
for the year ensuing. 

AL'MA-NA€-MIK'ER, n. A maker of almanacs. 

ALMAN-DINE, n. [Fr.]. Precious garnet. 

AL'ME, \ n. The name of girls in Egypt, whose occupation 

AL'MAI, 5 is to amuse company with singing and dancing. 

AL-MlGHT'I-LY, adv. With almighty power.— H. Taylor. 

AL-MIGHTI-NESS, n. Omnipotence; infinite or boundless 

" power ; an attribute of God only. 

AL-MlGHT'Y (-mi'ty), a. Possessing all power ; omnipotent ; 
being of unlimited might ; being of boundless sufficiency. 

AL-MlGHT'Y, n. The omnipotent God. 

* AL'MOND (it is popularly pronounced a'mond), n. [Fr. 
amande.] 1. The fruit of the almond tree. 2. The tonsils, 
two elands near the basis of the tongue, are called almonds, 
fromT their resemblance to that nut. — 3. In Portugal, a 
measure by which wine is sold. — 4. Among lapidaries, al- 
monds are pieces of rocky crystal, used in adorning branch 
candlesticks. 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER. VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ALO 



32 



ALT 



AL'MOND-FUR'NACE, n. A kind of furnace used in the 
refining process to separate the metal from cinders, &c. 

AL'MOND-OIL, n. A bland, fixed oil, obtained from al- 
monds by pressure. — lire. 

AL'MOND-SHIP-ED (-shapt), a. Having the form of an 
almond. 

AL'MOND-TREE, n. The tree which produces the almond. 

AL'MOND-WIL-LoW, n. A kind of tree. 

AL'MON-ER, n. An officer whose duty is to distribute 
charity or alms. In France, the grand almoner is the 
first ecclesiastical dignitary, and has the superintendence 
of hospitals. 

AL'MON-PtY, n. [corrupted into ambry, aumbry, or aumery.] 
The place where the almoner resides, or where the alms 
are distributed. 

* AL'MoST, adv. Nearly ; well nigh ; for the greatest part. 

ALMS (amz), n. pi. [Sax. almes.) Any thing given gratui- 
tously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing. 

aLMS'-BaSK-ET, ) 

ALMS'-BOX, > n. Vessels appropriated to receive alms. 

ALMS'-CHEST, ) 

aLMS'-DEED, n. An act of charity ; a charitable gift. 

f ALMS'-FoLK (foke), n. pi. Persons supported by alms. 

aLMS'-GIV-ER, 72, One who gives to the poor. 

ALMS'-GI V-ING, n. The bestowment of charity. 

ALMS'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use of 
the poor, who are supported by the public. In England, 
the term is applied to houses for supporting the poor on 
private charitable foundations. — P. Cyc. 

aLMS'-MAN, n. A person supported by ahns. 

A.LMS'-MEN, ) n. pi. Persons supported by charity or 

aLMS'-PkO-PLE, 3 by public provision. 

4L'MU-€AN-TAR, n. [At.) A term applied to circles of the 
sphere parallel to the horizon, conceived to pass through 
every degree of the meridian. — Hutton. 

AL1\IU-€AN-TAR'S STIFF, n. An instrument having an 
arch of fifteen degrees, used to take observations of the 
sun. 

AL'MUG, \n. In Scripture, a tree or wood, supposed by 

AL'GUM, 5 some to be the sandal wood. — Kitts. 

AL'NAgE, n. [Fr. aulnage.) A measuring by the ell. 

AL'NA-GER, } n. An officer in England, appointed to meas- 

AL'NA-GAR, 3 ure cloth by the ell. The office is now 
abolished. 

AL'NlGHT, n. A cake of wax with the wick in the midst. 

AL'oE (al'o), n. [L. aloe; Gr. 0X077.] In botany, a genus of 
succulent plants, of many species ; all natives of warm 
climates 

AL'oES, n. In medicine, the inspissated juice of the aloe ; a 
bitter ana stimulating stomachic purgative. 

AL'oES-WOOD, 71. See Agallochum. 

AL-O-ETTG, f a. Pertaining to, or partaking of the qual- 

AL-O-ETIC-AL, 3 ities of aloes ; consisting chiefly of aloes ; 
as, an aloetic pill. 

AL-O-ET'IC, 71. A medicine consisting chiefly of aloes. 

A-LOFT; adv. 1. On high ; in the air ; high above the 

? round. — 2. In seamen's language, in the top ; at the mast 
lead ; or on the higher yards or rigging. Hence, on the 
upper part, as of a building. 

A-Lo'Gl-ANS. 71. pi. [Gr. a and Xoyos.) In Church history, a 
sect of ancient heretics, who denied Jesus Christ to be the 
Logos. 

AL'O-GO-TRO-PHY, n. [Gr. a A oyo; and rpofa.] A dispro- 
portionate nutrition of the parts of the bo dy. 

AL'O-GY, n. [Gr. a and \oyos-] Unreasonableness ; absurd- 
ity. — Brown. 

AL'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. &Xg and /lavreia.) Divination by 
salt. — Morin. 

A-LoNE', a. [all and one ; Germ, allein; D. alleen.) 1. Sin- 
gle ; solitary ; without the presence of another ; applied 
to a person or thing. 2. It is applied to two or more per- 
sons or things, when separate from others, in a place or 
condition by themselves ; without company. 3. Only. 

A-LoNE', adv. Separately; by itself. To let alone, is to 
leave any thing at rest, or unmolested. 

\ A-LoNE'LY, a. or adv. Only; merely; singly. 

f A-LoNE'NESS, n. That state which belongs to no other.— 
Montague. 

A-LONG', adv. [Sax. and-lang, or ond-lang.] 1. By the 
length ; lengthwise ; in a fine with the length. 2. On- 
ward ; in a line, or with a progressive motion. — All along 
signifies the whole length ; through the whole distance. — 
Along with signifies in company ; joined with. — Along 
side, in seamen's language, signifies side by side. — Along 
shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the 
shore. — Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down 
by the weight of sail. 

i A-LONGST, adv. Along ; through, or by the length. 

A-LOOF', adv. 1. At a distance, but within view, or at a 
small distance. 2. Not concerned in a design ; declining 
to take any share ; keeping at a distance from the point, 
or matter in debate. 

A-LOOF'NESS, n. The keeping at a distance.— Coleridge. 



AL'O-PE-CY, n. [Gr. a\u>im\.) A disease called the fox- 
evil, or scurf,, which is falling off of the hair. 

A-LOUD', adv. Loudly ; with a loud voice. 

tA-LoW, adv. In a low place, or lower part; opposed to 
aloft. 

ALP, n. \ [qu. Gr. a\(pos ; L. albus.] A high mountain ; 

ALPS, n. pi. 3 particularly a range in Switzerland. The 
name, it is supposed, was originally given to mountain? 
whose tops were covered with snow. 

AL-PACA, n. The Peruvian sheep, having very long and 
silky hair, nearly as fine as that of the Cashmere goat. 

AL'PHA, n. [Heb. .] The first letter in the Greek al- 

phabet, answering to A, and used to denote first, or be- 
ginning. As a numeral, it stands for one. 

ALTHA-BET, n. [Gr. a\(pa and (irjra ] The letters of a 
lauguage arranged in the customary order. 

AL'PHA-BET, v. t. To arrange in the order of an alphabet 
to form an alphabet in a book, or designate the leaves by 
the letters of the alphabet. 

AL-PHA-BET-a'RI-AN, n. A learner while in the A, B, C. 

AL-PHA-BET'IC, 1 a. 1. In the order of an alphabet ; as, 

AL-PHA-BET'IC-AL, 3 an alphabetical list. 2. Furnished 
with an alphabet ; as, an alphabetical language. 3. Ex- 
pressed by the letters of the alphabet ; as, an alphabetical 
writing. 

AL-PHA-BETIC-AL-LY, adv. In an alphabetical manner , 
in the customary order of the letters. 

AL-PHe'NIX, n. White barley sugar, used for colds. 

AL'PHEST, 7i. A small fish of the wrasse kind. 

AL-PHIT v O-MAN-CY, n. Divination by barley-meal. 
Knowles. 

AL-PHON'SIN, 7i. A surgical instrument for extracting 
bullets from wounds ; so called from the name of its in- 
ventor. 

AL-PHON'SIN Ta'BLES. Astronomical tables made undei 
the patronage of Alphonsus X., king of Castile and Leon. 

ALTHUS, 7i. [Gr. aA^oj.J That species of leprosy called 
vitiligo. 

AL'PI-GENE, a. Growing in Alpine regions. 

* AL-PINE (-ine, or -ine), a. [L. alpinus.) 1. Pertaining to 
the Alps, or to any lofty mountain ; very high ; elevated. 
2. Growing on high mountains. The Alpine strawberry is 
a kind of strawberry growing on lofty hills. 

ALTI-A 1 ' \ n - The seed of the Canar y g™ 88 - 
AL'QUI-ER, n. A measure in Portugal. 
AL'QUI-FoU (al'ke-foo), n. A sort of lead ore. 
AL-READ'Y (all-red'e), adv. Literally, a state of complete 

preparation ; but, by an easy deflection, the sense is, at this 

time, or, at a specified time. 
t ALS, adv. Also ; likewise. — Spenser. 
AL'SO, adv. [all and so ; Sax. eal and swa.] Likewise ; in 

like manner. 
ALT, ) a. [It.] In music, a term applied to high notes in 
AL'TO, 3 the scale. In sculpture, alto relievo denotes fig- 
ures which stand forth in high relief, or great prominence, 

without being wholly detached from the back-ground. 
AL-Ta'I€, , la. [Tart, alatau.] Pertaining to the Altai, a 
AL-Ta'IAN, 3 range of mountains in Central Asia. 
AL'TAR, n. [Lat. altare.] 1. A mount ; a table, or elevated 

place, on which sacrifices were anciently offered to some 

deity. 2. In Episcopal churches, the communion table ; 

and, figuratively, a church ; a place of worship. 
AL'TAR-CLOTH, n. A cloth to lay upon an altar hi 

churches. 
AL'TAR-FIRE, n. Fire on an altar. 
AL'TAR-PIeCE, n. 1. A painting placed over the altar in 

a church. — Warton. 2. The entire decoration of an altar 

taken collectively. — Gwilt. 
AL'TAR-WlSE, adv. Placed in the manner of an altar.— 

Howell. 
AL'TAR-AgE, n. The profits arising to priests from oblations. 
AL'TAR-IST, > 7i. In old laws, the priest to whom the 

AL'TAR-THaNE, 3 altarage belonged ; also, a chaplain. 
AL'TER, v. t. [Fr. alterer ; L. alter.) 1. To make some 

change in ; to make different in some particular ; to vary 

in some degree, without an entire change. 2. To change 

entirely or materially. 
AL'TER, v. i. To become, in some respects, different ; to 

vary. 
AL-TER-A-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of being susceptible of 

alteration. 
AL'TER- A-BLE, a. That may become different ; that may 

vary. 
AL'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of admitting altera- 
tion ; variableness. 
AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be altered, ot 

varied. 
AL'TER-AGE, n. [from L. alo.) The breeding, nourishing, 

or fostering of a child. [Not an English word.) 
AL'TER-ANT, a. Altering ; gradually changing. 
AL'TER-ANT, n. A medicine which gradually corrects the 

state of the body ; an alterative. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



ALT 



33 



AMA 



^L-TER-A'TION, 7i. [L. alteration The act of making dif- 
. ferent, or of varying in some particular ; an altering, or 
partial change or variation. 

ALTER- A-TIVE, a. Causing alteration ; having the power 

' to alter. — In medicine, producing a salutary effect, but 
without exciting any sensible evacuation. 

AL'TER-A-TiVE, n. A medicine which gradually induces 

" a change in the habit or constitution, and. restores healthy 
functions, but without exciting sensible evacuations. 

%LTER-€aTE, v. i. [L. altercor.] To contend in words; 
to dispute with zeaL heat, or anger ; to wrangle. 

AL-TER-CITION, n. [L. altercatio.] Warm contention in 
words ; dispute carried on with heat or anger ; contro- 
versy ; contest ; wrangle. 

AL'TERN, a. [L. alteruus.] Acting by turns ; one succeed- 
ing another ; alternate, which is the word generally used. 
— In crystalologij, exhibiting on two parts of a crystal, 
faces which are alternate among themselves, but, when 
the two parts are compared, correspondent to each other. 

AL-TERN'A-CY, n. Performance or actions by turns. 
[Little used.] 

AL-TERNAL, a. Alternative. [Little used.] 

AL-TERN'AL-LY, adv. By turns.— Jlfay. [Little used.] 

AL-TERNANT, a. In geology, composed of alternating 
layers. 

AL-TERNATE, a. [L. alternatus.] Being by turns; one 
following the other in succession of time or place ; hence, 
reciprocal. 

AL-TERNATE, n. 1. That which happens by turns with 
something else ; vicissitude. — Prior. 2. In the Presbyterian 
Church, a substitute, or second ; one designated to take the 
place of another in performing some duty, in case of failure. 

* AL'TERN-ITE, v. t. [L. alterno.] To perform by turns, or 

in succession ; to cause to succeed by turns ; to change 
one thing for another reciprocally. 

* AL'TERN-aTE, v. i. 1. To happen or to act by turns. 

2. To follow reciprocally in place. 
AL-TEE.N ATE-L Y, adv. In reciprocal succession ; by turns, 
so that each is succeeded by* that which it succeeds, as 
night follows day, and day follows night. 
A L-TERNATE-NESS, n. The quality of being alternate, ot 

of following in succession. 
ALTERN-A-TLNG, ppr. Performing or following by turns. 
iL-TERN-A'TION, n. 1. The reciprocal succession of things 
in time or place ; the act of following and being followed 
in succession. 2. The different changes, or alterations of 
orders, in numbers. 3. The answer of the congregation 
speaking alternately with the minister. 4. Alternate per- 
formance, in the choral sense. 
AL-TERNA-TlVE, a. [Fr. alternatif.] Offering a choice of 

two things. 
AL-TERNA-T1VE, n. That which may be chosen or omit- 
ted ; a choice of two things, so that, if one is taken, the 
other must be left. This word is sometimes applied to a 
choics between more than two things, but not with exact 
propriety. 
A L -TE RN'A-TlVE-L Y, adv. In the manner of alternatives ; 
in a manner that admits the choice of one out of two things. 
AL-TERNA-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 

alternative. 
AL-TERN'I-TY, n. Succession by turns ; alternation. 
AL-THeA, n. [Gr. aXdaia.] In botany, a genus of plants, 
of several species, called in English marsh-mallow. The 
mucilaginous roots and leaves of the common species 
have been much used in medicine as an emollient. 
AL-THoUGH' (afl-fho'), obs. verb, or used only in the imper- 
ative (commonly classed, though less correctly, among 
conjunctions) ; [all and though ; Sax. thah, or thcah ; Ir. dai- 
ghim. See Though.] Grant all this ; be it so ; allow all ; 
suppose that; admit all that; as, "although the fig-tree 
shall not blossom." — Hab., hi. That is, grant, admit, or 
suppose what follows — " the fig-tree shall not blossom." 
t AL'TI-GRIDE, n. Rising on high. 
AL-TIL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. altus and loquor, loquens.] Lofty 

speech ; pompous language. 
AL-TIL'O-QUENT, a. High-sounding; pompous.— Ashe. 
AL-TIM'E-TER, n. L L. altus and Gr. uerpov.] An instru- 
ment for taking altitudes geometrically, as by a quadrant. 
AL-TLM'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining altitudes by tak- 
ing angles with a proper instrument, and the use of trigo- 
nometrical calculations. 
AL'TIN, v.. A money of account in Russia, value 3 kopecks. 
AL-TINCAR. n. A species of factitious salt or powder. 
AL-TIS'O-NANT, \ a. [L. altus and sonans.] High-sounding, 
4L-TIS'0-NOUS, 5 lofty, or pompous. 
ALTI-TUDE, n. [L. attitudo.] 1, Space extended upward ; 
the elevation of an object above its foundation ; the eleva- 
tion of an object or place above the surface on which we 
stand, or above the earth. 2. The elevation of a point, a 
star, or other object above the horizon. 3. Figuratively, 
high degree : highest point of excellence. 
&L-TIV'Cr-LANT, "a. [L. altus and volans.] Flying high. 
ALTO. [It, from L. altus.] High. In music, 1. See Alt. 



2. The counter-tenor part, or that between the tenor anc 
treble. 3. The tenor violin. — Alto et basso, in old la>.c. 
high and low, i. e., every thing in dispute. 
AL'TO-€LEF, v. The counter-tenor or clef, or the C clef 

placed on the third line of the staff. 
ALTO-O-e-TA'VO, adv. [it] An octave higher. 
AL'TO-RE-LIE'VO, n. [lt.J High relief. In sculpture, the 
projection of a figure hah or more without being entirely 
detached. — Cyc. 
AL'TO-RI-PIE'NO, n. [It] The tenor of the great chorus 
AL'TO-Vi'O-LA, n. [It] A small tenor viol. 
AL'TO-Vi-O-Ll'NO, n. [It.] A small tenor violin. 
AL-TO-GETH'ER, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; complete-!} , 

without exception. 
ALU-DEL, n. In chemistry, a pear-shaped vessel, open at 
both ends, used for connecting other vessels in etiblima- 
tion, <fec. 
AL'UM, v. t. In dyeing, to impregnate or steep in a solution 

of alum — Ure. 
ALTJM, n. [L. alumen.] A mineral salt, of great use in 
medicine and the arts. It is a triple sulphate of alumina 
and potassa. 
ALTJM.ED, pp. or a. Impregnated with alum ; mixed with 
■ alum. — Barret. 

ALTJM-EARTH, n. A massive but rather soft mineral, 
consisting chiefly of carbon, silica, and alumina ; an im- 
pure, earthy variety of lignite. 
A-Lu'MIN-A, ? n. One of the earths, consisting of the metal 
AL'U-MlNE, 3 aluminum and oxygen. It is the character- 
istic ingredient of common clay. 
A-LU-MlN-IF'ER-OUS, a. Containing alum. 
A-Lu'MIN-I-FORM, a. Having the form of alumina. 
A-Lu'MIN-rTE, re. Subsulphate of fflumina, a mineral 
A-Lu'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing alum. 
A-L U'MIN-UM, n. The metallic base of alumina. 
AL'UM-ISH, a. Having the nature of alum ; somewhat re 

sembling alum. 
A-LUM'NUS. n. [L. from alo.] A pupil; one edu-cnted at 

seminary is called an alumnus of that institution. 
AL'UM-SLaTE, n. A slate containing alum. 
AL'UM-SToNE, n. The silicious subsulphate cf alumina 

and potash. — Cleaveland. 
A-Lu'TA, n. [L.] A species of leather-stone. 
AL-U-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. aluta.] Of a pale brown color. 
AL-U-Ta'TION, n. [L. aluta.] The tanning or dressing at 

leather. 
AL'VE-A-RY, n. [L. alvearium.] 1. A bee-hive. — Barret, 
2. In anatomy, the hollow of the external ear, or bottcin 
of the concha. 
AL'VE-O-LAR, ? a. [L. alveolus.] Containing sockets, hoi- 
AL'VE-O-LA-RY, j low cells, or pits ; pertaining to sockets. 
AL'VE-O-LITE, a. [L. alveolatus.] Deeply pitted, so as tc 

resemble a honey-comb. 
AL'VE-OLE, \ ». [L. dim. of alveus.] 1. A cell in a honev- 
AL-Ve'O-LUS, 5 comb. 2. The socket in the jaw, in 

which a tooth is fixed. 3. A sea fossil. 
AL'VE-O-LITE, n. [L. alveolus and Gr. \160s.] In natural 

history, a genus of coral zoophytes. 
AL'VINE, a. [From alvus, the belly.] Belonging to the 

lower belly, or intestines. — Darwin. 
AL-WAR'GRIM, n. The spotted plover. 
ALWaY, \ adv. 1. Perpetually ; throughout all time. 
ALWAYS, 5 2. Continually; without variation. 3. Con- 
tinually or constantly during a certain period, or regularly 
at stated intervals. 4. At all coKveuittat times ; regularly. 
Alway is now seldom used. 
A. M. stand for artium magister, inwtf.r: u* arts, the second 
degree given by iiniversities and fe^Jieges ; called, in some 
countries, doctor of philosophy. — A. A. stand also for anna 
mundi. in the year of the world. 
AM, the first person of the verb to be, in the indicative mood, 
present tense. [Sax. eom ; Gr. apt ; Goth, im ; Pers. am. 
A'MA. I n. [D. aam.] In Church affairs, a vessel to contain 
Ha'MA, 5 wine for the eucharist. Ama is also a kind of 

wine measure. 
AM-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. amabilis.] Loveliness ; the power 

of pleasing. — Taylor. 
AM'A-DOT, n. A sort of pear.— Johnson. 
AMA-DoU, n. A variety of the boletus igniarius, called 
spunk or German tinder, and also black match, and pyro- 
technical sponge, on account of its inflammability. 
A-MaENT, adv. [Sax. a and meegn.] With force, strength, or 

violence : violently ; furiously ; suddenly ; at once. 
A-MAL'GAM, n. [Gr. ua'Xayua.') 1. A compound of mer- 
cury or quicksilver with another metal. 2. A compound 
of different things. 
A-MAL'GAM-1TE, v. t. 1. To mix quicksilver with another 
metal. Gregory uses amalgamize. 2. To mix different 
things ; to make a compound ; to ivnite. 
A-MAL'GAM-aTE, v. i. To compound or unite in nn ama! 

gam ; to blend. 
A-MAL'GAM-a-TED, pp. Compounded with quicksilver ; 
blended. 



dove 



-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. Vi"CIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 
C 



AMB 



34 



A MB 



\.-MAL'GAM-a-TING, ppr. Compounding quicksilver with 
another metal ; compounding. 

A-MAL-GAM-X'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of com- 
pounding mercury with another metal ; applied particu- 
larly to the process of separating gold and silver from 
their ores, by means of mercury. — Ure. 2. The mixing or 
blending of different things. 

» A-MAL'GAME, v. t. To compound metals by amalgama- 
tion.— Chaucer. 

\ A-MaND', ■». t. To send one away. — Cockeram. 

t AM-AN-Da'TION, n. Sending on a message. 

A-MAN'DO-LA, n. A variety of green marble. 

A-MAN-U-EN'SIS, n. [L. from mantis.] A person whose 
employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy 
what another has written. 

AM'A-RANTH, )n. [Gr. a^apavrog.] 1. Flower-gentle ; a 

AM-A-RANTH'US, J genus of plants, of many species. — 
2. In poetry, an imaginary liower that never fades. — Milton. 

AM'A-RANTH, n. A color inclining to purple. 

AM-A-RANTH'f NE, a. Belonging to amaranth ; consisting 
of, containing, or resembling amaranth. 

A-MAR'I-TuDE, n. [L. amaritudo.] Bitterness. [Rare] 

f A-MAR'U-LENCE, n. Bitterness. 

f A-MAR'U-LENT, a. Bitter. 

AM-A-RYL'LIS, n. In botany, lily-asphodel. 

A-MASS', v. t. [Fr. amasser.] 1. To collect into a heap ; to 
gather a great quantity. 2. To collect in great numbers ; 
to add many things together. — Syn. To accumulate ; heap 
up; pile. 

A-MaSS', n. An assemblage, heap, or accumulation. [This 
is superseded by mass.] 

A-MaSS'£D (a-masf), pp. Collected in a heap, or in a great 
quantity or number ; accumulated. 

A-MaSSTNG, ppr. Collecting in a heap, or in a large quan- 
tity or number. 

A-MASS'MENT, n. A heap collected ; an accumulation. 

\ A-MaTE', v. i. To accompany ; also, to terrify, to perplex. 

AM-A-TEuR', n. [Fr.] A person attached to a particular 
pursuit, study, or science, as to music or painting. More 
particularly, one who cultivates any study or art from 
taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally. 

AM'A TlVE-NESS, n. Propensity to love. 

\ AM A-TOR'CU-LIST, n. An insignificant lover. 

AM-A-To'RI-AL, ~i a. [L. amatorius.] 1. Relating to love ; 

AM-A-To'RI-OUS, ^ causing love ; produced by sexual in- 

AM'A-TO-RY, ) tercourse. — 2. In anatomy, a term ap- 
plied to the oblique muscles of the eye. 

AM-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In an amatorial manner. 

AM-A-Td'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to love ; as, amatorian odes. 

AM-AUR-O'SIS, n. [Gr. aixuvpog.] A loss or decay of sight, 
without any visible defect in the eye, except an immova- 
ble pupil ; called, also, gutta serena, the " drop serene" of 
Milton._ 

A-MAUS'lTE, n. See Petrosilex. 

A-MaZE', v. t. To fill with fear, sudden surprise, or won- 
der. — Syn. To astonish ; confound ; perplex. 

A-MaZE', n. Astonishment ; confusion ; perplexity, arising 
from fear or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry, and is 
nearly synonymous with amazement. 

A-MaZ'JED (a-mazd}, pp. Astonished ; confounded with 
fear, surprise, or wonder. 

A-MiZ'ED-LY, adv. With amazement ; in a manner to 
confound. [Little used.] 

A-MIZ'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded with 
fear, surprise, or wonder ; astonishment ; great wonder. 

A-M1ZE'MENT, n. A feeling created by a sudden im- 
pression of fear, surprise, or wonder. — Syn. Astonish- 
ment; wonder; surprise; confusion; perplexity; admi- 
ration. 

A-MIZ-ING, ppr. 1. Confounding with fear, surprise, or 
wonder. 2. a. Very wonderful; exciting astonishment 
or perplexity. 

A-MaZTNG-LY, adv. In an astonishing degree. 
AM'A-ZON, n. [Gr. a and jxal,oi.] 1. The Amazons are said, 
by historians, to have been a race of female warriors, who 
founded an empire on the River Thermodon, in Asia Mi- 
nor. 2. A warlike or masculine woman ; a virago. 
AM-A-Zo'NI-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling an Ama- 
zon. Applied to females, bold ; of masculine manners ; 
warlike. 2. Belonging to the River Amazon or Maranon, 
in South America, or to Amazonia. 
AMB, > About; around; used in composition. [Sax. emb, 
AM, > ymb ; W. am ; Gr. a/Kpi ; L. am or amb.] 
AM-Ba'GeS, n. [L. amb and ago.] 1. A circumlocution ; a 
circuit of words to express ideas which may be expressed 
in fewer words. 2. A winding or turning. 
AM-BX'6I-OUS, a. Circumlocutory. 
i AM-BAS-SIDE', ti. Embassy.— Shak. 
AM-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [This is the more common orthogra- 
phy ; but good authors write also embassador ; and, as the 
orthography of embassy is established, it would be better 
to write embassador. See Embassador.] 
AM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. The wife of an ambassador. 



t AM'BAS-^' AGE, ? . 

lAM'BAS-SY, l n - An embassy. 

AM'BE, ) n. [Gr. u/xSi}.] Literally, a brim ; but in surgery 

AM'Bi, > an instrument for reducing dislocated shoulders. 
Also, the mango-tree. 

AM'BER, n. [FrT ambre; Sp. ambar.] A hard, semi-pellucid 
substance, of vegetable origin, tasteless, and without smell, 
except when pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant 
odor. It is found in alluvial soils, or on the sea-shore, in 
many places, particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in 
Europe, and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the United 
States. 

AM'BER, a. Consisting of' or resembling amber. 

AM'BER, v. t. To scent with amber. 

AMBER-DRINK, n. A drink resembling amber in color. 

AM'BER-DROP-PING, a. Dropping amber.— Milton. 

AM'BER-GRlS (am'ber-grese), n. [amber and Fr. gris.] A 
solid, opaque, ash-colored, inflammable substance, varie 
gated like marble, remarkably fight, rugged on its surface 
and highly valued as a material in perfumery. 

AM'BER-SEED, n. Musk-seed, resembling millet. 

AM'BER-TREE, n. The English name of a species of an- 
thospermum, a shrub. 

AM-BI-DEX'TER, n. [L. ambo and dexter.] 1. A person who 
uses both hands with equal facility. 2. A double dea^r , 
one equally ready to act on either side in party dispt^tes 
—3. In law, a juror who takes money from both parties 
for giving his verdict. 

AM-BI-DEX-TER'I-TY, }n. The faculty of using botb 

AM-Bi-DEX'TROUS-NESS ; ] hands with equal facility , 
double dealing ; the taking of money from both parties foi 
a verdict. 

AM-BI-DEX'TROUS,a. Having the faculty ofusing both hands 
with equal ease ; practicing or siding with both parties. 

AM'BI-ENT, a. [L. amb i ens.] Surrounding ; encompassing 
on all sides ; investing. 

AM-BIG'E-NAL, a. [L. ambo and genu.] An ambigenal hy- 
perbola is one of the triple hyperbolas of the second order, 
having one of its infinite legs falling within an angle 
formed by the asymptotes, and the other without. 

AM'BI-GU, it. An entertainment, or feast, consisting of a 
medley_of dishes. — King. 

AM-BI-Gu'I-TY, n. [L. ambiguitas.] Doubtfulness or uncer- 
tainty of signification, from a word's being susceptible of 
different meanings ; double meaning. 

AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. [L. ambiguus.] Having two or more 
meanings ; being of uncertain signification ; susceptible of 
difl'erent interpretations. — Syn. Indeterminate ; indefinite ; 
doubtful; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct; equivocal. 

AM-BIG'U-QUS-LY, adv. In an ambiguous manner; with 
doubtful meaning. 

AM-BIG'U-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ambiguous ; 
uncertainty of meaning ; ambiguity ; and, hence, obscurity. 

AM-BIL'E-VOUS, a. [L. ambo and lecvus.] Left-handed; on 
both sides. 

AM-BIL'Q-GY, n. [L. ambo and Gr. \oyos.] Talk or Ian- 
guage of doubtful meaning. 

AM-BIL'O-QUOUS, a. [L. ambo and loguor.] Using ambig- 
uous expressions. 

AM-BIL'O-QUY, u. The use of doubtful or ambiguous ex- 
pressions. 

AM'BIT, n. |L. ambitus.] The line that encompasses e 
thing. — In geometry, the perimeter of a figure. The periph- 
ery or circumference of a circular body. 

AM-Bit'TION, n. [L.ambitio.] A desire of preferment or of 
honor ; a desire of excellence or superiority. It is thus 
used in , a good sense ; as, emulation may spring from a 
laudable ambition. It denotes more commonly, however, 
an inordinate desire of power or eminence, often accom 
panied with illegal means to obtain the object. 

AM-Bl"TION, v. t. [Fr. ambitionner.] Ambitiously to seek 
after. — King. [Little used.] 

AM-Bl"TION-LESS, a. Devoid of ambition.— Pollok. 

AM-Bi"TIOUS (am-bish'us), a. 1. Desirous of power, hon- 
or, office, superiority, or excellence ; aspiring ; eager for 
fame. 2. Showy ; adapted to command notice or praise ; 
as, an ambitious style. 3. Eager to swell or rise higher 
as, the ambitious ocean. — Shak. 

AM-Bi"TIOUS-LY, adv. In an ambitious manner. 

AM-Bl"TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ambitious. 

AM'BI-TUS, n. [L.] 1. The circuit border or outer edge 
of any thing. — 2. In Roman law, the open space surround- 
ing a building or tomb. — 3. In Roman history, a canvassing 
for offices and honors. 

AM'BLE, v. i. [Fr. ambler.] 1. To pace; to move with a 
certain peculiar pace, as a horse, first lifting his tw; legs 
on one side, and then changing to the other. 2. To move 
easy, without hard shocks. 3. To move by direction, or 
to move affectedly. 

AM'BLE, n. A peculiar motion of a horse ; a pace, or pacing. 

AM'BLER, n. A horse which ambles ; a pacer. 

AM'BLING, ppr. or a. Lifting the two legs on the same 
side, at first going off, and then lifting the other two 



* See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c„ long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOQOK. 



AME 



35 



AME 



AiM Di IIxG-M , adv. With an ambling gait. 

AM'BLY-GON, n. [Gr. afiSXvs and yuvia.] An obtuse-an- 
gled triangle. 

AM-BLYG'ON-AL, a. Containing an obtuse angle. 

AM-BLYG'ON-lTE, n. [Gr. a/zfiAuvumoj.] A mineral from 
Saxony, of a pale-green color, sometimes spotted, resem- 
bling pyroxene. It consists of phosphoric acid and alumina, 
with nine per cent of lithia. 

AMT.LY-0-PY, n. [Gr. a^vs and uip.] Dullness or ob- 
scurity of sight. 

AM'BO, n. [Gr. an&uv, L. umbo.] An oblong, elevated pulpit 
in the early churches, but disused after the fourteenth 
century. — Owilt. 

AM-BRE-A.DA, n. A kind of factitious amber. 

AM-BRe'IG AC'ID, n. An acid formed by digesting ambre- 
ine in nitric acid. 

AM-BRe'iNE, n. One of the proximate principles and the 
chief const'tuent of ambergris. 

AM-BRo'SIA (am-bro'zha), n. [Gr. a and /fyoro?.] 1. In 
heathen antiquity, the imaginary food of the gods. 2. What- 
ever is very pleasing to the taste or smell. 3. A genus of 
plant?. 

VM-BRo'Sf AC, a. Having the qualities of ambrosia. 

4.M-BRo'SIAL (am-bro'zhal), a. Partaking of the nature or 
qualities of ambrosia ; fragrant ; delighting the taste or 
smell. Ben Jonson uses ambrosiac in a like sense, and 
Bailey has ambrosian, but these seem not to be warranted 
by usage. 

AM-BRo'SIAL-LY, adv. In an ambrosial way. 

AM-BRo'SIAN, a. Pertaining to St. Ambrose, who lived hi 
the fourth century. 

AM-BRo'SIAN-CHaNT, n. A kind of singing or chanting 
introduced by Ambrose, bishop of Milan. It had a much 
greater monotony and want of beauty than that afterward 
introduced by Pope Gregory the Great. 

AM'BRO-SIN, n. In the middle ages, a coin struck by the 
dukes of Milan, on which St. Ambrose was represented. 

AM'BRY, ii. [contracted from Fr. aumonerie, almonry.] 1. 
An almonry ; a place where alms are deposited for distri- 
bution to the poor. 2. A place in which are deposited the 
utensils for housekeeping ; also a cupboard ; a place for 
cold victuals. 

aMBS'-aCE (amz'-ase), n. [L. ambo and ace.] A double ace, 
as when two dice turn up the ace. 

AM'BU-LANCE, n. A movable hospital for the wounded in 
battle, used in the French armies. 

AM'BU-LANT, a. [L. ambulans.] Walking; moving from 
p?aee to place. 

AM'BU-LITE, v. t. To walk ; to move backward and for- 
ward. 

AM-BU-LI'TION, a. [L. ambulatio.] A walking about ; the 
act of walking. 

t AM'BU-LA-TIVE, a. Walking. 

AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. That has the power or faculty of 
walking. 2. Pertaining to a walk. 3. Moving from place 
to place; not stationary; as, an ambulatory court.— 4. In 
ornithology, formed for walking ; applied to the feet of 
birds with three toes before and one behind. — Brande. 

AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, n. A place to walk in, as an arcade, por- 
tico, or other place designed for walking. — P. Cyc. 

AM'BU-RY, In. [qu. L. umbo; Gr. anSuv.] Among farri- 

AN'BU-RY, | ers, a tumor or wart on a horse, full of blood. 

* AM'BUS-CaDE, n. [Fr. embuscade.] 1. A lying in wait for 
the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. 2. A pri- 
vate station in which troops lie concealed with a view to 
attack their enemy by surprise ; ambush. Shakspeare 
uses the word ambuscado. 3. A body of troops lying in 
ambush. , 

AM'BUS-€IDE, v. t. To he in wait for, or to attack from a 
concealed position. 

AM'BUS-€aD-ED, pp. Having an ambush laid against, or 
attackedfrom a private station. 

AM'BUS-CaD-ING, ppr. Lying in wait for ; attacking from 
a secret station. 

AM'BUSH, n. [Fr. embuche.] 1. A private or concealed sta- 
tion, where troops lie in wait to attack their enemy by 
surprise. _ 2. The state of lying concealed, for the purpose 
of attacking by surprise ; a lying in wait. 3. The troops 
posted in a concealed place for attacking by surprise. 

AM'BUSH, v. t. To lie in wait for ; to surprise by assailing 
unexpectedly from a concealed place. 

AM'BUSH, v. i. To he in wait, for the purpose of attacking 
by surprise. — Trumbull. 

AM'BUSHXD (anxbusht), pp. Lain in wait for ; suddenly 
attacked from a concealed station. 

AM'BUSH-ING, ppr. Lying in wait for. 

AM'BUSH-MENT, n. An ambush ; which see. 

' AM-BUST', a. [L. ambustus.] Burned ; scalded. 
iM-BUS'TION (am-bus'chun), n. [L. ambustio.] A burning ; 
a burn or scald. 

4.M'EL, n. [Fr. email.] The matter with which metallic 
bodies are overlaid in the process of enameling ; but its 
use is superseded by enamel. 



supplying amend- 



A M kL'IOR-A-BLE, a. That may be ameliorated. 

A-MeL'IOR-aTE (a-mel'-yor-ate), v. t. [Fr. ameliorerA To 
make better ; to improve ; to meliorate.— Christ. Obs.— 
Buchanan. 

A-MeL'IOR-aTE, v. i. To grow better ; to meliorate 

A-MeL'IOR-a-TED, pp. Grown better ; improved. 

A-MeL'IOR-a-TING, ppr. Becoming or making better. 

A-MeL-IOR-a'TION (a-mel-yor-a'shun), n. A making or be- 
coming better ; improvement ; melioration. 

* I-MEN'. This word, with shght differences of orthogra- 
phy, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a verb 
it signifies to confirm, establish, verify ; to trust, or give 
confidence ; as a noun, truth, firmness, trust, coafidence , 
as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, after the Oriental 
manner, it is used at the beginning, but more generally at 
the end of declarations and prayers, in the sense of, be it 
firm, be it established. The word is used also as a noun. 
"All the promises of God are amen in Christ;" that is, 
firmness, stability, constancy. [In singing, pron. amen J 

A-ME-NA-BIL'I-TY, In. State of behnr amenable or an- 

A-ME'NA-BLE-NESS, > swerable.— Judge Story. 

A-ME'NA-BLE, a. [It. menare; Fr. mener.] Liable to an- 
swer ; liable to be called to account. — Syn. Accountable ; 
answerable ; responsible. 

A-Me'NA-BLY, adv. In an amenable manner. 

t AM'EN-AgE, v. t. To manage. — Spenser. 

t AM'EN-ANCE, n. Conduct ; behavior.— Spenser. 

A-MEND', v. t. [Fr. amenden- ; L. emendo.] 1. To correct ; to 
rectify, by expunging a mistake. 2. To reform, by quitting 
bad habits ; to make better in a moral sense. 3. To cor- 
rect, or emend ; to supply a defect ; to improve or make 
better, by adding what is wanted, as well as by expunging 
what is wrong. 

A-MEND', v. i. To grow or become better, by reformation, 
or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals. 

A-MEND'A-BLE, a. That may be amended; capable of cor- 
rection. 

A-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. That amends 
ment; corrective. 

A-MENDE', n. [Fr.] Reparation, or retraction. Amende 
honorable, originally an infamous punishment inflicted; in 
France, on traitors, parricides, &c. The phrase also de- 
noted a simple recantation made in open court, or in the 
presence of the injured party. Hence it i3 now applied 
to a public recantation, or apology, for any injury done. 

A-MEND'ED, pp. Corrected ; rectified ; reformed ; improv 
ed, or altered for the better. 

A-MEND'ER, n. The person that amends. 

t A-MEND'FUL, a. Full of improvement. 

A-MENDTNG, ppr. Correcting; reforming; altering for the 
better. 

A-MEND'MENT, n, 1. An alteration or change for the bet- 
ter ; reformation of life. 2. A word, clause, or paragraph, 
added, or proposed to be added, to a bill before a legisla- 
ture.— 3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ or 
process. — Syn. Correction ; improvement ; reformation ; 
emendation. 

A-MENDS', n. pi. [Fr. amende.] Compensation for an in 
jury. — Syn. Reparation ; satisfaction ; recompense ; atone- 
ment; restitution; equivalent. 

A-MEN'I-TY, n. [L. amcenitas; Fr. amenite.] Pleasantness, 
agreeableness of situation ; that which delights the eye. 

A MEN'SA ET To'RO. [L.] From board and bed A di- 
vorce from board and bed, is when husband and wife sep 
arate, but the husband maintains the wife. 

AM'ENT, > n. A kind of inflorescence, such as is found 

A-MENT'UM, I on the chestnut, willow, &c. 

AM-EN-Ta'CEOUS (am-en-ta'shus), a. 1. Growing in an 
ament ; resembling a thong. 2. Furnished with aments , 
having flowers arranged in aments. 

t A-MEN'TY, n. [Fr. amentie] Madness. 

A-MERCE' (a-mers'), v. t. [a for on, or at, and Fr. merci.] 1. 
To inflict a penalty at mercy ; to punish by a pecuniary 
penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left 
to the discretion or mercy of the court 2. To inflict a pe- 
cuniary penalty ; to punish in general. 

A-MERCE'A-BLE, a. Liable to amercement. 

A-MER'GED (a-merstf), pp. Fined at the discretion of a court 

A-MERCE'MENT (a-mers'ment), _n. A pecuniary penalty 
inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court 

A-MER'CER, n. One who sets a fine at discretion upon an 
offender. 

t A-MER'CIA-MENT, n. Amercement— Selden. 

A-MER1-CA, n. [from Amerigo Vespucci.] One of the great 
continents, lying west of the Atlantic Ocean. 

A-MER'I-GAN, a. Pertaining to America. 

A-MER1-CAN, n. A native of America ; originally applied 
to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by 
the Europeans ; but now applied to the descendants of 
Europeans born in America, especially to inhabitants of 
the United States. 

A-MER'I-€AN-ISM, n. An American idiom ; the love which 
American citizens have for their own country 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; (i as J ; S aa Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, f, Obsolete' 



AMM 



'3(5 



AMO 



A-MER'I-€AN-lZE, v. t. To render American ; to natural- 
ize in America. 

IMES'-ICE. See Ambs-ace. 

A-MET-A-Bo'LI-AN, n. ? In zoology, a term denoting a di- 

A-MET-A-Bo'LI-A, n. pi. > vision of insects which do not 
undergo any metamorphosis. — Brande. 

1 AM-E-THOD'I€-AL, a. Out of method; irregular. 

i A-METH'O-DIST, n. A quack. 

AM'E-THyST, n. [L. amethystus.] A variety of quartz, of a 
bluish-violet color, occurring in crystals, and also in rolled 
fragments. The coloring matter is an oxyd of manga- 
nese. Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of transpa- 
rent crystallized corundum. 

AM'E-THyST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color. 

AM-E-THYST1NE, a. Pertaining to, resembling, or com- 
posed of, amethyst. 

I'MI-A, 11. A genus of fish in Carolina. 

a-MI-A-BIL'1-TY, n. Amiableness. 

A'MI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. amable; L. amabilis.) 1. Worthy of 
love ; deserving of affection ; applied usually to persons. 2. 
Pretending or showing love. Shak. — Syn. Lovely ; charm- 
ing ; delightful ; pleasing. 

a'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving love ; love- 
liness. 

a'MI-A-BLY, adv. In an amiable manner ; in a manner to 
excite or attract love. 

AM-I-ANTHUS, n. [Gr. afxiavroi.] Earth flax, or mount- 
ain flax; a mineral substance, somewhat resembling 
flax, belonging either to the species pyroxene or horn- 
blende. 

AM-I-AN'THI-FORM, a. Having the form or likeness of 
amianthus. 

AM-I-AN'THIN-lTE, n. A species of amorphous mineral, a 
variety of actinolite. 

AM-1-AN'THOID, n. [amianthus, and Gr. ziboi.] A variety 
of asbestus, composed of long capillary filaments, flexible 
and very elastic. 

AM-I-AN'THOID, a. Resembling amianthus in form. 

AM'I-€A-BLE, a. [L. amicabilis.] 1. Harmonious in social 
or mutual transactions. 2. Disposed to peace and friend- 
ship. — Syn. Friendly ; peaceable ; kind ; harmonious. 

AM1-CA-BLE-NESS, ii. The quality of being peaceable or 
friendly ; friendliness. 

AM'I-GA-BLY, adv. In a friendly manner. 

f A-Ml'€AL, a. Friendly.— If. Watson. 

AM'ICE, 1 n. [L. amictus.] A square linen cloth that a Ro- 

AMTGT, 5 man Catholic priest 'ties about his neck, hanging 
down behind under the alb, when he officiates at mass. 

A-MID', \prep. [a, and Sax. midd.] 1. In the midst or 

A -MID ST', 5 middle. 2. Among ; mingled with. 3. Sur- 
rounded, encompassed, or enveloped with. Amid is used 
mostly in poetry. 

AMIDE, ~ 

AM'I-DET, . 

AM'I-DlNE, ii. Starch modified by heat so as to become 
transparent, and soluble in cold water. 

A-MID'-SHIPS. In marine language, the middle of a 
with regard to her length and breadth. 

A-MISS', a. 1. Wrong ; faulty ; out of order ; improper. 2. 
adv. In a faulty manner ; contrary to propriety, truth, law, 
or morality. 

t A-MISS', n. Culpability ; fault.— Shak. 

f A-MIS'SION, n. Loss.— Mare. 

1 A-MIT', v. t. To lose.— Brown. 

AM'I-TY, n. [Fr. amitie.] Friendship, in a general sense, be- 
tween individuals, societies, or nations ; good understand- 
ing. — Syn. Harmony ; kindness ; affection ; friendship ; 
irood-will. 

AM'MA, n. [Heb. .] 1. An abbess, or spiritual mother. 
2. A girdle or truss used in ruptures. [Gr. «/.<(ua.] , _ 

AM'MAN, n. [G. amlmann ; D. amptman.] In. some European 
nations, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes. In 
France, a notary. 

AM'MID, n. [From ammonia.] A compound of ammidogen 
with an element, in which ammidogen is an electro-nega- 
tive ingredient. 

AM-MID'O-GEN, n. A basifying and basic principle, com- 
posed of two equivalents of hydrogen and one of nitro- 
gen. 

AM'MI-RAL, n. An obsolete form of admiral. 

AM'MlTE, In. [Gr. a/xjuo?.] A sand-stone, or free-stone, 

HAM'MlTE, 5 of a pale-brown color. 

AM'MO-CHRySE, n. [Gr. a ,xyiOi and xpuffo?.] A yellow, 
soft stone, found in Germany. 

AM-MO-DY'TeS, ii. [Gr. au f ios and 5vu.] The sand eel, a 
genus of fish of the apodal order. 

AM-Mo'NI-A, n. Volatile alkali ; a substance which, in its 
uncombined form, exists in a state of gas. It is composed 
of three equivalents of nitrogen and one of hydrogen. 

AM-Mo'NI-A€, \a>- Pertaining to ammonia, or possess- 

AM-MO-Nl'-A€-AL, } ing its properties. 

AM-Mo'NI-A€, \n. The concrete juice of a plant, 

GUM AM-Mo'NI-AC, 5 brought from Persia. 



■See Ammid. 



ship, 



AM-Mo'NI-AN, a. Relating to Ammonius, surnamed Saccas 
of Alexandria, the founder of the eclectic system of phi 
losophy^ 

AM'MON-lTE, n. [cornu ammonis, from Jupiter Ammon.] 
Serpent-stone, or cornu, ammonis, a fossil shell, curved into 
a spiral form, like a ram's horn. 

AM-Mo'NI-UM, n. A compound radical, consisting of hydro 
gen aHd_nitrogen. 

AM-MO-NltF-RET, In. A term once applied to certain sup- 

AM-MO-Nl'A-RET, j posed compounds of ammonia and a 
pure metal, but now entirely disused. 

AM-MU-Nl"TION, n. [L. ad and munitio.] Military stores, 
or provisions for attack or defense. In modern usage, tho 
signification is confined to the articles which are used in 
the discharge of fire-arms and ordnance of all kinds ; as 
powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, &c. — Ammu- 
nition bread, shoes, stockings, <fec, are such as are con- 
tracted for by the government, and then served out to the 
private soldiers. 

AM'NES-TY, n. [Gr. auvrjarta.] An act of oblivion; a gen- 
eral pardon of the offenses of subjects against the govern 
ment, or the proclamation of such pardon. 

t AM-N1CO-LIST, n. One who dwells near a river. 

AM-NI6'E-NOUS, a. Born of a river. 

AM'Nl-OS, In. [Gr. w r i.viov.] The innermost membrane 

AM'NI-ON, 5 surrounding the fetus in the womb. 

AM-NI-OT'iC, a. Pertaining to, or obtained from, the am- 
nios ; as, amn iotic acid, the same with the allantoic acid. 

AM-OZ-BiE'AN, a. Alternately answering. — Warton. 

AM-GE-BiE'UM, n. [Gr. a/xui6.itog.] A poem in which per- 
sons are represented as speaking alternately. 

t A-J\IO-LI"TION, n. A removal. 

A-Mo'MUM, n. [Gr. apuxtji'iv.] A genus of plants, all natives 
of warm climates, and remarkable for their pungency and 
aromatic properties. — True amomum is a round fruit, from 
the East, of the size of a grape. 

A-MoNG' (a-mung / ), \prep. [Sax onmang, ongemang.] 

A-M6NGST' (a-mungsf) 5 1. In a general or primitive sense. 
mixed or mingled with. 2. Conjoined or associated with, 
or niaking part of the number. 3. Of the number. 

A-Mo'NI-AN, a. [from Anion or Hamon.] Pertaining to 
Jupiter Ammon, or to his temple and worship in Upper 
Egypt._ 

AM-0-B.A'DO, n. [L. amor.] A lover. -See Inamorato, 
whichis chiefly used. 

AM-O-ReANS, n. pi. A sect of Gemaric doctors or com- 
mentators on the Jerusalem Talmud. 

AM'O-RET.n. [L. amor.] A lover. 

AM-O-E-ETTE', n. [Fr. amourette.] An amorous woman , 
also a love-knot, or a trifling love affair. — Chaucer. 

AM'O-RIST, n. [L. amor.] A lover; a gallant; an inamo 
rato. — Boyle. 

t A-MORN'INGS, adv. In the mornings. 

AM-O-Ro'SA, n. [It] A wanton woman. 

AM-O-Ro'SO, n. [It.] A lover ; a man enamored. 

AM'O-ROUS, a. [Fr. amoreux.] 1. Inclined to love ; haviDg 
a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment. 2. In love ; 
enamored. — Shak. 3. Pertaining or relating to love ; pro- 
duced by love ; indicating love. — Milton. Waller. — Syn 
Loving ; fond ; tender ; passionate. 

AM'O-ROUS-LY, adv. In an amorous manner. 

AM'O-ROUS-NESS, n. The quality of being inclined tc 
love, or to sexual pleasure ; fondness. 

A-MORPH'OUS (a-mor'fus), a. [Gr. a and juo/x^.] Having 
no determinate form ; of irregular shape. 

A-MORPH'Y, n. Irregularity of form ; deviation from a de- 
terminate shape. — Swift. 

A-MORT', adv. [L. mors, mortuus.] < In the state of the dead ; 
dejected; spiritless.— Shak. 

A-MORT-I-Za'TION, In. The act or right of alienating 

A-MORT'IZE-MENT, > lands or tenements to a corporation. 

A-MORT'IZE, v.. t. [Norm, amortizes] In English law, to 
alienate in mortmain ; that is, to sell to a corporation, solo 
or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their success 
ors. This was considered as selling to dead hands. 

A-Mo'TION, n. [L. amotio.] Removal. Warton.— In law 
deprivation of possession. — Blackstone. 

A-MOUNT', v. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise to or reach, by an 
accumulation of particulars into an aggregate whole ; to 
compose in the whole. 2. To rise, reach, or extend to, in 
effect, or substance ; to result in, by consequence, when 
all things are considered. 

A-MOUNT, n. 1. The sum total of two or more particular 
sums or quantities. 2. The effect, substance, or result-, 
the sum. 

A-MOUNTING, ppr. Rising to, by accumulation or addition ; 
resulting, in effect or substance. 

A-M5UR', n. [Fr.] An unlawful connection in love , a love 
intrigue ; an affair of gallantry. 

t A-MoV'AL, n. [L. amoveo.] Total removal. 

tA-MoVE', v. t. [L. amoveo.] 1. To remove.— Hall. 2. In 
law, to remove from a post or station. — Hale. 

A-MoVING, a. Moving away. 



See Sgnopeis. I, E, I, &c long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOC)K, 



AMP 



37 



AMY 



AMTE-LiTE, n. [ jr. u^-sAo?.] A kind of earth used by 
the ancients to kill insects on vines ; hence the name. 
Also, a compound of alum and graphic schist. 

AM-PH1BT-AL, n. } [Gr. aii<J)i and fiios.] In zoology, the 

AM-PHIB'I-AN, n. V amphibia are a class of animals, so 

AM-PHIB'i-A, n. pi. ) formed as to live on land, and for a 
long time under water. 

AM-PHIB'I-O-LlTE, n. [Gr. an<pt6ia S and \idog.] A term 
denoting the fossil remains of the amphibia of Linnaeus. 

AM-PHIB-I-O-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to amphibiolosy. 

AM-PHIB-I-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ai x<pi, fros, and Xoyog.] A" dis- 
course or treatise on amphibious animals, or the history 
and description of such animals. 

AM-PHIB'I-OUS (am-fib'e-us), a. 1. Having the power of 
living in two elements, air and water. 2. Of a mixed na- 
ture ; partaking of two natures. 

AM-PHIB'I-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being able to live 
in two elements, or of partaking of two natures. 

AM-PHIB'I-UM, n. That which lives in two elements, as in 
air and water. 

AMTHI-BoLE, n. [Gr. a^iSoXos; afxcbi and (3a\\u.] A 
name given by Haiiy to a species of minerals, including 
the tremolite, hornblende, and-actinolite. 

AM-PHI-BOLTG, a. Pertaining to amphibole ; resembling 
amphibole. — Cooper. 

AM-PHIB'O-LlTE, n. Trap or green stone. 

AM-PHIB-0-LOG'I€-AL, a. Doubtful ; of doubtful meaning. 

AM-PHIB-O-LOg'IG-AL-LY, adv. With a doubtful mean- 
ing. 

AM-PHI-BOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. au<pt6o\oyia.] A phrase or dis- 
course susceptible of two interpretations ; and, hence, of 
uncertain meaning. 

AM-PHIB'O-LOID, n. A rock composed of amphibole and 
feldspar. 

AJVr-PHJB'O-LOUS (ani-fib'o-lus), a. [Gr. a^iSoXo?.] Tossed 
from one to another ; striking each way, with mutual 
blows. [Rare.] 

AM-PHIB'O-LY, n. [Gr. an<pi6o\ia.] Ambiguity of mean- 
ing. — Spelman. [Rarely used.] 

AM'PHI-BRACH, n. [Gr. au<pL and j3paxvg.] In poetry, a foot 
of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last 
short: as, habere, in Latin. 

AM'PHI-CO-ME, n. [Gr. au<pi and /co//??.J A kind of figured 
stone, of a round shape. 

AM-PHIG-TY-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the august council of 
Arnphictyons. 

AM-PHICTY-ONS, n. pi. In Grecian history, an assembly 
or council of deputies from the different states of Greece, 
who sat alternately at Thermopylae and Delphi. 

AM'PHID, a. A term applied to compounds consisting of 
acids and bases, as distinguished from haloid compounds. 

AM-PHIGA-MOUS, a. [Gr. «»</>< and yafxos.] An epithet ap- 
plied to the lowest class of plants, whose structure is en- 
tirely cellular, and which have no sexual organs. — Brands. 

AM'PHI-GENE, n. [Gr. an<pc and yevog.] In mineralogy, an- 
other name of the leucite or Vesuvian. 

AM-PHI-HEX-A-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. a^i, and hexahedral] 
In crystallography, when the faces of the crystal, counted 
in two different directions, give two hexahedral outlines, 
or are found to be six in number. 

AM-PHIMA-CER, n. [Gr. ap.(piuaKpoc;.] In ancient poetry, a 
foot of three syllables, the middle one short, and the others 
long, as in castitas. 

AM-PHIP'NEUST, n. [Gr.] A term applied to a tribe of 
reptiles which have both lungs and gills at the same time. 
— Brande, 

AM'PHI-POD, n. [Gr. au(t>i and ttou?.] One of an order of 
erustaceous animals, in which subcaudal natatory feet co- 
exist with sessile eyes. — Brande. 

AM-PHIP'RO-STYLE, n. [Gr. af A<pi, *po, and' ff TuAo f .] An ed- 
ifice with columns in front and behind, but not on the 
sides. — Morin. 

AM-PHIS-BiE'NA, n. [Gr. au$i<j6a<.va.] A genus of ser- 
pents, distinguished by having very small mouths and 
eyes, and their bodies of nearly the same size from head 
to tail. They were supposed to move either backward or 
forward, and hence their name. 

AM-PHIS'CI-I, I n. pi. [Gr. apJpi and cKia.] In geogra- 

AM-PHIS'CIANS, 5 phy, the inhabitants between the trop- 
ics, whose shadows, in one part of the year, are cast to 
the north, and in the other, to the south. 

AM'PHI-TANE, n. A name given by ancient naturalists to 
a fossil, called by Dr. Hill pyricubium. 

AM-PHI-THE A-TER ) (am-fe-fhe'a-ter), rc. [Gr. autiiOeaTpov.] 

AM-PHI-THEA-TRE 5 An edifice in an oval or circular f 
form, having its area encompassed with rows of seats, ' 
rising higher as they recede from the area, on which peo- 
ple used to sit to view tbe combats of gladiators and. of 
wild beasts, and other sports. 

AM-PHI-THE'A-TRAL, a. Resembling an amphitheatre.— 
Tooke. 

AM-PHI-THE-ATTlie-AL, a. Pertaining to, or exhibited in, 
an amphitheatre. — Warton. 



AM'PHI-TRlTE, n. [Gr. a/KpiTpir^.] A genus of marme aa- 
hnals, of the Linnasan order mollusca. 

AM-PHOD'E-LlTE, n. A reddish crystallized mineral from 
Finland, consisting of alumina, lime, iron, and manganese. 

AMTHO-RA, n. [L. amphora.] Among the Greeks and Ro- 
mans, a two-handled vessel for holding wine, oil, &c. 

AMTHO-RAL. a. Pertaining to, or resembling an amphora. 

AM'PLE, a. [Fr. ample ; L. amplus.] Large in extent, size, 
quantity, &c. ; as, ample room, ample resources, amph 
promises, ample justice. — Syn. Full ; spacious ; extensive ; 
wide ; capacious ; abundant ; plentiful ; plenteous ; copi- 
ous ; rich ; liberal ; munificent. 

AM'PLE-NESS, n. Largeness ; spaciousness ; sufficiency , 
abundance. 

AM-PLEX'I-€AUL, a. [L. amplexor.] In botany, nearly stzt- 
rounding, or embracing the stem, as the base of a leaf! 

AM PLI-aTE, v. t. [L. amplio.] To enlarge ; to make great- 
er to extend. [Little used.] 

AM-PLI-A'TION, n. 1. Enlargement ; amplification ; dif 
fuseness; [rare.] — 2. In Roman antiquity, a deferring to 
pass sentence, with a view to get more evidence. 

AM-PLIF'I-€aTE, v. t. [L. amplijico.] To enlarge ; to am- 
plify. 

AM-PLI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. amplification 1. Enlargement ; 
extension. — 2. In rhetoric, diffusive description, or dis- 
cussion ; exaggerated representation ; diffuse narrative, or 
a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject. 

AMTLI-FI.ED (am'ple-fide), pp. Enlarged; extended. 

AM'PLI-Fl-ER, n. One who amplifies or enlarges. 

AM'PLI-FY, v. t. [Fr. amplifier ; L. amplijico.] 1. To enlarge , 
to augment ; to increase or extend. — 2. In rhetoric, to en- 
large in discussion, or by representation ; to treat co- 
piously, so as to present the subject in every view. 3 
To enlarge by addition. 

AM'PLI-FY, v. i. 1. To speak largely or copiously ; to be 
diffuse in argument or description ; to dilate upon. 2. To 
exaggerate ; to enlarge by representation or description. 

AM'PLl-FY-LNG, ppr. .Enlarging; exaggerating; diffusively 
treating. 

AMTLI-TUDE, n. [L.amplitudo.] 1. Largeness; extent, ap- 
plied to bodies. 2. Largeness ; extent of capacity, 01 in- 
tellectual powers. 3. Extent of means or power; abund- 
ance ; sufficiency. — Amplitude, in astronomy, is an arch 
of the horizon intercepted between the true east and west 
points and the center of the sun or star at its rising or 
setting. — Amplitude of the range, in projectiles, is the hori- 
zontal line subtending the path of a body thrown, or the 
fine which measures the distance it has moved. — Mag- 
netical amplitude is the arch of the horizon between the 
sun or a star, at rising or setting, and the east or west 
point of the horizon, by the compass. — Encyc. 

AM'PLY, adv. In an ample or diffusive manner. — Syn. 
Largely; liberally; fully; sufficiently; copiously; abund- 
antly. 

AM-PUL-LI'CEOUS, a. Like a bottle or inflated bladder; 
swelling. — Kirby. 

AM'PU-TATE, v. t. [L. amputo.] 1. To prune branches of 
trees or vines ; to cut off. 2. To cut off a limb or other 
part of an animal body ; a term of surgery. 

AM'PU-Ta-T£D, pp. Cut off; separated from the body. 

AM'PU-Ti-TIXG.^r. Cutting off a limb orpait of the body. 

AM-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. amputatio.] The act or operation 
of cutting off a limb or other part of the body. 

AM'U-LET, n. [L. amuletum.] Something worn as a rem- 
edy or preservative against evils or mischief, such as dis- 
eases and witchcraft. Amulets, in days of ignorano 
were common. 

AM-H-LET'I€, a. Pertaining to an amulet. 

A-MUR-€OS'I-TY, n. The quality of lees or scum. 

A-MuSE' (a-muze'), v. t. [Fr. amuser.] 1. To entertain the 
mind agreeably ; to occupy or detain attention with 
agreeable objects, whether by singing, conversation, or a 
show of curiosities. 2. To detain ; to engage the atten- 
tion by hope or expectation ; as, to amuse with promises 
of assistance. — Syn. To entertain; gratify; please; di- 
vert ; beguile ; deceive ; occupy. 

A-MuS'-ED (a-muzd 7 ), pp. Agreeably entertained; having 

" the mind engaged by something pleasing. 

A-MuSE'MENT, n. That which amuses, detains, or engages 
the mind ; a pleasurable occupation of the senses, or that 
which furnishes it, as dancing, sports, or music. — Syn. 
Diversion; entertainment; recreation; pastime; sport. 

A-MuS'ER, n. One who amuses, or affords an agreeable 
entertainment to the mind, 

A-MuS'ING, ppr. or a. Entertaining ; giving moderate pleas- 
ure to the mind, so as to engage it ; pleasing. 

A-MuS'ING-LY, adv. In an amusing manner. 

A-Mu'SiVE, a. That has the power to amuse or entertain 
the mind. 

A-Mu'Sl VE-LY, adv. In an amusive manner ; amusingly. 

A-MYG'DA-LATE, a. [L. amygdalus.] Made of almonds. 

A-MYG'DA-LATE, n. An emulsion made of almonds ; milk 
of almonds. 



DOVE;— ByLL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi'CIOUS.— € asK; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; $H as in this, t Obsolete. 



ANA 



38 



ANA 



A-MYG-DAL/K3 ACID, n. An acid obtained from bitter 
almonds. 

A-MYG'DA-LINE, a. Pertaining to or resembling the almond. 

A-MYG'DA-LiNE, n. A crystalline substance obtained from 
the kernel of the bitter almond. 

A-MYG'DA-LOID, n. [Gr. anvyduXw-] A variety of trap 
rock containing small cavities, occupied wholly or in part 
by nodules or geodes of (Liferent minerals, particularly 
agates, quartz, calcareous spar, and the zeolites. 

A MYG-DA-LOID'AL, a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, 
amygdaloid. 

AM-Y-La'CEOUS, a. [L. amylum.] Pertaining to starch, or 
the farinaceous part of grain ; resembling starch. 

A-MYLTG ACID, n. A volatile acid obtained from starch. 
— Turner. 

AiVTY-LlNE, n. [L. amylum.] The insoluble part of starch. 

AM'Y-RALD-ISM, u. In Church history, the doctrine of uni- 
versal grace, as explained by Amyraldus. 

AN, a. [Sax. an, ane, one; D. een; Ger. ein; Sw. and Dan. 
en ; Ft. on, un, une ; Sp. un, uno ; It. uno, una ; L. unus, 
una, unum ; Gr. iv ; Ir. ein, ean, aon ; W. u?i, yn.] One ; not- 
ing an individual ; either definitely, known, certain, speci- 
fied, or understood ; or indefinitely, not certain, known, 
or specified. Definitely ; as, " Noah built an ark of gopher 
wood." " Paul was an eminent apostle." Indefinitely ; 
as, " Bring me an orange." Before a consonant, the letter n 
is dropped ; as, a man ; except before h silent ; as, an hour. 

AN, in old English authors, signifies if; as, "an it please 
your honor." 

1'NA, da, or a. [Gr. ava.] In medical prescriptions, it de- 
notes an equal quantity of the several ingredients ; as, 
wine and honey, ana, ad, or a § ii., that is, of wine and 
honey each two ounces. 

A/NA, as a termination, denotes a collection of memorable 
sayings. Thus, Scaligerana is a book containing the say- 
ings of Scaliger. Similar collections existed among the an- 
cients, as the Dicta Collectanea, or sayings of Julius Cesar. 

AN-A-BAP'TISM, n. The doctrine of the Anabaptists. 

AN-A-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. ava and (iatiTioTng.] One who 
holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults alone, or of 
the invalidity of infant baptism, and who, of course, main- 
tains that persons baptized in their infancy ought to be 
baptized again. 

AN-A-BAP-TISTIC, \a. Relating to the Anabaptists, or 

AN-A-BAP-TISTTG-AL, > to their doctrines. 

AN-A-BAP'TIST-RY, n. The sect of Anabaptists. 

\ AN-A-BAP-TlZE', v. t. To rebaptize.— Whitlock. 

AN-A-BRo'SIS, n. A wasting away of the body. 

AN-A-GAMP'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and KauKTu.] Reflecting or 
reflected. Anacamptic sounds, among the ancients, were 
those produced by reflection or reverberation, as echoes. 

AN-A-eAMP'TLG-AL-LY, adv. By reflection ; as echoes are 
sounds anacamptically produced. — Brande. 

AN-A-€AMP'TICS, n. The doctrine of reflected light or re- 
flected sound. 

AN-A-CaR'DI-UM, n. A genus of plants to which belongs 
the cashew-nut. or marking nut. 

AN-A-€A-THaR'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and Kadapais.] Cleansing, 
by exciting discharges from the mouth and nostrils. 

AN-A-€A-THaR'TI€, n. A medicine which excites dis- 
charges by the mouth or nose. 

AN-A-CEPH-A-LjE-o'SIS, n. [Gr. avaK£>paXdiu>Gis.] Reca- 
pitulation of the heads of a discourse. 

AN-ACH'O-RET. See Anchoret. 

AN-A-€HO-RET'IG-AL, a. Relating to an anachoret, or an- 
choret. 

AN-A€H'RO-NISM (an-ak'ro-nizm), n. [Gr. ava and xpovos-] 
An error in chronology, by which events are misplaced 
in regard to the order of their occurrence. 

AN-ACH-RO-NIS'TIG, a. Erroneous in date ; containing an 
anachronism. — Warton. 

AN-A-GLAS'TIC, a. [Gr. ava and icXams.] Refracting ; 
breaking the rectilinear course of light. 

AN-A-eLAS'TI€S, n. That part of optics which treats of the 
refraction of light, commonly called dioptrics, which see. 

AN-A CQE-No'SIS (an-a-se-no'sis), n. [Gr. avaKoivwois.] A 
figure of rhetoric, by which a speaker applies to his op- 
ponents for their opinion on the point in debate. 

AN-A-GO-Lu'THON, n. [Gr. avaicoXovdov.} A grammatical 
term denoting the want of sequence in a sentence, one of 
whose members does not correspond with the remainder. 
— Brande. 

AN-A-GON'D A, n. A name given in Ceylon to a large snake, 
a species of boa. 

A-NA€-RE-ON'TI€, a. Pertaining to Anacreon. 

A-NAG-RE-ON'TI€, n. A poem composed in the manner of 
Anacreon. 

AN'A-DEM, n. [Gr. avaovua.] A garland or fillet; a chap- 
let or crown of flowers. — W. Browne. 
iN-A-DI-PLo'SIS, n. [Gr. ava and StirXoos.] Duplication, a 
figure in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repetition 
of the last word or words in a line or clause of a sentence, 
in the beginning of the next. 



AN'A-DROM, ?i. [See bolow.] A 
Morin. 



that ascends rivers. 



A-NAD'RO-MOUS, a. [Gr. ava and 8pouo$.\ Ascending ; a 
word applied to such fish as pass from the sea into fresfc 
waters at stated seasons. 
AN'A-GLYPH (an'a-glif), n. [Gr. ava and yXvQu.] An orna 
ment made by sculpture. 

j AN-A-GLyPH'IG, a. In ancient sculpture, a term applied ta 
chased or embossed work on metal, or other raised work 

; AN-A-GLyP'TI-G, a. Relating to the art of carving, engrav- 
ing, enchasing, or embossing plate. 

I A-NAG-NOR'I-SIS, n. [Gr. avayvwpiaris.] Recognition; tha 
unraveling of a plot in dramatic action. — Blair. 

! ANA-GO-GE, n. [Gr. avayioyn.] An elevation of mind tc 
things celestial ; the spiritual meaning or application of 
words.— Hammond. 
t AN-A-GO-GET'IG-AL, a. Mysterious ; raised above human 

I ity- 

I AN-A-GOG'I€-AL, a. Mysterious ; elevated ; spiritual. 
I AN-A-GOATC-AL-LY, adv. In a mysterious sense ; with re 
ligious elevation. 

AN-A-GOGTGS, n. Mysterious considerations. 
| AN'A-GRAM, n. [Gr. ava and ypaupa.] A transposition ol 
the letters of a name, by which a new word is formed. 
Thus, Galenus becomes angclus; William Noy (attorney 
general to Charles I., a laborious man) may be turned into 
/ moyl in law. 
; AN-A-GRAM-MAT'IC, ? A/r , . 

j AN-A-GRAM-MAT'IC-AL, \ a ' Makm § «* ™*&™*- 
\ AN-A-GRAM-MAT'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an an- 
agram. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, n. The act or practice of making 
anagrams. — Camden. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A maker of anagrams. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TlZE, v. i. To make anagrams. ' 
I AN'A-GRAPH, n. An inventory ; commentary. — Knowles. 

ANA-GROS, n. A measure of grain in Spain, containing 
something less than two bushels. 

A'NAL, a. [L. anus.] Pertaining to, or lying near, the anus. 

A-NAL'ClME, n. A white or flesh-colored zeolite, occurring 
in twenty-four-sided crystals, and sometimes in cubes. It 
is often found in amygdaloid rocks and some lavas. 

AN-A-LECT1C, a. Selecting; collecting; composed of things 
selected. 

AN'A-LEGTS, n. [Gr. ava and Atyw.] A collection of short 
essays, pieces, remarks, &c. — Encyc. 

AN'A-LEM-MA, n. [Gr. avaXnuua.] 1. In geometry, a pro- 
jection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, or- 
thographic ally made by straight lines, circles, and ellipses, 
the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the 
east or west points of the horizon. 2. An instrument ot 
wood or brass, on which this kind of projection is drawn. 

AN-A-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr. avaXn^ts.] Recovery of strength 
after a disease. 

AN-A-LEP'TIG, a. Corroborating; invigorating; giving 
strength after disease. 

AN-A-LEPTIC, n. A medicine which gives strength; a 
restorative. 

t AN-AL'O-GAL, a. Analogous.— Hale. 

AN-A-L06TC-AL, a. Having analogy; used by way of an- 
alogy ; bearing some relation. 

AN-A-LOGTG-AL-LY, adv. In an analogical manner; by 
way of similitude, relation, or agreement. 

AN-A-LOG'IG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being analogical. 

A-NAL'O-GlSM, n. [Gr. avaXoyiauos.] 1. An argument from 
the cause to the effect. — Johnson. 2. Investigation of 
things by the analogy they bear to each other. — Crabbe 

A-NAL'O-GIST, n. One who adheres to analogy. 

A-NAL'O-GlZE. v. t. To explain by analogy ; to form some 
resemblance between different things ; to consider a thing 
with regard to its analogy to something else. 

A-NAL'O-GOUS, a. Having analogy; bearing some resem 
blance or proportion ; followed by to. — Syn. Correspond 
ent; similar; like. 

A-NAL'O-GOUS-LY, adv. In an analogous manner. 

AN'A-LOGUE (an'a-log), n. [Fr. from Gr. avaXoyos.] 1. A 
word corresponding with another ; an analogous term.- 
Pritchard. 2. An animal or other thing resembling another 

A-NAL'O-GY, n. [Gr. avaXoyia.] 1. An agreement or like 
ness between things in some circumstances or effects, 
when the things are otherwise entirely different. 2. With 
grammarians, analogy is a conformity of words to the ge- 
nius, structure, or general rules of a language. 

A-NAL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. ava\vois.] 1. The factitious separa- 
tion of a compound body into its constituent parts ; a re- 
solving. 2. A consideration of any thing in its separate 
parts ; an examination of the different parts of a subject, 
each separately. It is opposed to synthesis. — In mathe- 
matics, analysis is the resolving of problems by reducing 
them to equations. — In logic, analysis is the tracing of 
things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into 
its original principles. 3. A syllabus, or table of the prin- 
cipal heads of a continued discourse, disposed in their 



Sec Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



ANA 



39 



AJSC 



natural order. 4. A brief, methodical illustration of the 
principles of a science. — In this sense, it is nearly synony- 
mous with synopsis. 

ANA.-LYST, n. One who analyzes, or i3 versed in analysis. 
— Kirwan. • 

AN-A-LyTTG, ? a. Pertaining to analysis ; that resolves 

AN-A-LyTIC-AL, > into first principles ; that separates 
into parts, or original principles; that resolves a com- 
pound body or subject. It is opposed to syntlietic. 

AN-A-LyT'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of analysis. 

AN-A-LyT'I€S, n. The science of analysis. 

AN-A-LyZ'A-BLE, n. That can be analyzed. 

AN-A-LjZA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being analyzable. 

ANA-LYZE, v. t. [Gr. avaXvu).] To resolve a body into its 
elements ; to separate a compound subject into its parts 
or propositions, for the purpose of an examination of each 
separately. 

AN'A-LyZJBD (an'a-lizd), pp. Resolved into its constituent 
parts or principles for examination. 

ANA-LyZ-ER, n. One who analyzes ; that which analyzes, 
or has the power to analyze. 

ANA-LyZ-ING, ppr. Resolving into elements, constituent 
parts, or first principles. 

AN-AM-NE'SIS, n. [Gr. avapvnais.] A figure in rhetoric 
which calls to remembrance something omitted. — Knowlcs. 

AN-AM-NES'TIC, a. That aids the memory. 

* AN-A-MORPHO-SIS, or AN-A-MORPH-o'SIS, n. [Gr. ava 
and iAop4>o)ois.] 1. In perspective drawings, a distorted por- 
trait or figure, which, in one point of view, is confused or 
unintelligible, and, in another, is an exact and regular rep- 
resentation. — 2. In botany, any part of a plant in which 
there is an unusual cellular development, is said to be in 
a state of anamorphosis. 

A-Na'NAS, n. The name of a species of pine-apple. 

AN-AN"GU-LAR, a. Without angles. [Bad.] 

ANA-PEST, n. [Gr. ava and irauo.] In poetry, a foot con- 
sisting of three syllables, the first two short, the last long. 

AN-A-PESTIC, n. The anapestic measure. 

AN-A-PEST'IC, a. Persuing to an anapest ; consisting of 
anapests. 

A-NAPH'O-RA (a-naf'o-ra), n. [Gr. from avafcpu).] 1. A fig- 
ure in rhetoric, when the same word or words are re- 
peated at the beginning of two or more succeeding verses 
or clauses of a sentence. — 2. Among physicians, the dis- 
charge of blood or purulent matter by the mouth. 

AN-A-PLF-ROTTC,a. [Gr. avavXripou).] Filling up; promot- 
ing granulation, as oi wounds. 

AN-A-PLE-ROT'IC, n. A medicine which promotes the gran- 
ulation or incarnation of wounds and ulcers. — Parr. 

AN'aRCH (an'ark), n. The author of confusion ; one who 
excites revolt. — Milton. 

A NaRCH'IC, la. Without rule or government; in a 

A-NiRCH'IC-AL, 3 state of confusion ; applied to a state 
or society. Fielding uses anarchial. 

\ AN'AR€H-ISM (an'ark-izm), n. Confusion. 

ANARCH-IST, n. An anarch ; one who excites revolt, or 
promotes disorder in a state. 

AN-ARCH-Y, n. [Gr. avafixia.] Want of government ; a 
state of society when there is no law or supreme power, 
or when the laws are not efficient ; political confusion. 

A-NAR'HI-CHAS, n. The sea wolf. 

AN-aRTHROUS, a. [Gr. av and apQpov.] In grammar, with- 
out the article. 

a'NAS, n. [L.] A genus of water fowls, embracing the va- 
rious species of ducks. 

AN-A-SAR'CA, n. [Gr. ava and aap\.] A dropsy of the cellu- 
lar membrane, occasioning a soft, pale, unelastic swelling 
of the skin. 

AN-A-SAR'COUS, a. Belonging to anasarca, or dropsy ; 
dropsical. 

AN-A-STAL'TI€, a. [Gr. avaorfAAw.] In medicine, astring. 
ent; styptic. — Coxe. 

AN-A-STATIC-PRINTTNG, n. A mode of obtaining a fac- 
simile of any printed page, engraving, &c, on a plate of 
zinc, from which an impression can be taken as from the 
stone of the lithographic press. 

A-NAS-TO-MAT'I€, a. Having the quality of removing ob- 
structions. 

A-NAS'TO-MoSE, v. i. [Gr. ava and cro^ia.] To inosculate ; 
to cornmunicate with each other, as the arteries and veins. 

A-NAS-TO-Mo'SING, ppr. or a. Inosculating. 

A-NAS-TO-Mo'SIS, n. The inosculation of vessels, or the 
opening of one vessel into another, as an artery into an- 
other artery, or a vein into a vein. 

A-NAS-TO-MOTIC, a. Pertaining to anastomosis, or the 
opening of one vessel into another. 

A-NAS-TO-MOT'I€, n. A medicine supposed to have the 
power of opening vessels into each other, and promoting 
circulation. 

A-NASTRO-PRE, n. [Gr. avaarpocpr).] In rhetoric and gram- 
mar, an inversion of the natural order of words. 

ANA-TASE, n. [Gr. avaraats-] A native oxyd of titanium, 
occurring in brilliant octahedral crystals of a brown or 



somewhat bluish color externally, but greenish-yellow by 
transmitted fight. It is also called octahedrite. 

A-NATH'E-MA, n. [Gr. avadspa.] 1. Excommunication with 
curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical 
authority, accompanying excommunication. — 2. In heathen 
antiquity, an offering or present made to a deity, and de- 
posited in his temple, especially as a token of gratitude 
for deliverance from danger, or success in some great ua 
dertaking. 

A-NATH-E-MATTC-AL, a. Pertaining to anathema. 

A-NATH-E-MATTG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of anathema. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TISM. n. Excommunication. — Tooker. 

A-NATH-E-MA-TI-ZI'TION, n. The act of anathematizing. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TlZE, v. t. To excommunicate with a de- 
nunciation of curses ; to pronounce an anathema against. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TlZjED, pp. Excommunicated with curse3. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TIZ-ER, n. One who anathematizes. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Pronouncing an anathema. 

AN-A-TIF'ER-OUS,a. [L. arias and/ero.] Producing ducks. 

A-NAT'O-CISM, n. [L. anatocismus.] Interest upon inter- 
est ; the taking of compound interest. [Rarely used.] 

AN-A-TOM'IC-AL, a. Belonging to anatomy or dissection , 
relating to the parts of the body when dissected or sep- 
arated. 

AN-A-TOM'I€-AL-LY, adv. In an anatomical manner; by 
means of dissection. ' 

A-NATO-MIST, n. One who dissects bodies ; one who is 
skilled in the art of dissection, or versed in the doctrine 
and principles of anatomy. 

A-NAT-O-MI-ZA'TION, n. The act of anatomizing. 

A-NAT'O-MlZE, v. t. To dissect an animal ; to divide into 
the constituent parts, for the purpose of examining each 
by itself; to lay open the interior structure of the parts of 
a body or_subject. 

A-NATO-MiZiSD, pp. Dissected, as an animal body. 

A-NAT'O-MlZ-ING, ppr. Dissecting. 

A-NATO-MY, n. [Gr. avaropr).] 1. The art of dissecting, or 
artificially separating the different parts of an animal body, 
to discover their situation, structure, and economy. 2 
The doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by dis- 
section. 3. The act of dividing any thing, corporeal or in- 
tellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts. 4. The 
body stripped of its integuments and muscles ; a skele- 
ton ; an improper use of the sword. 5. Ironically, a meager 
person. 

AN-A-TREP'TIC, a. [Gr. avarpemo.] Overthrowing; defeat- 
ing; prostrating. 

ANA-TRON, n. [Gr. virpov.] 1. Soda, or mineral fixed al- 
kali. 2. Spume, or glass gall, a scum which rises upon 
melted glass in the furnace, and, when taken off, dissolves 
in the air, and then coagulates into a salt. 3 The salt 
which collects on the walls of vaults. 

AN'BU-RY, n. 1. A soft tumor on horses, containing blood. 
2. A sort of gall produced by insects on the roots of turnips, 
cabbages, &c. 

AN'CES-TOR, n. [Ft. ancestres ; L. antecessor.] One from 
whom a person descends, either by the father or mother, 
at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth genera- 
tion. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or 
blood ; a predecessor in the order of office. 

AN-CES-To'RI-AL, a. Ancestral.— Pollok. 

AN-CESTRAL, a. Relating or belonging to ancestors . 
claimed or descending from ancestors. 

AN-CES'TRESS, n. A female ancestor. 

AN'CES-TRY, n. A series of ancestors or progenitors ; lin- 
eage, or those who compose the fine of natural descent 
Hence, birth, or honorable descent. 

IN'CHEN-TRY. See Ancientkv. 

ANCH'I-LOPS, n. [Gr. aiyilwip.] The goat's eye ; an ab 
scess in the inner angle of the eye ; an incipient fistula 
lachrymalis. 

ANCHOR, n. [L. anchora.] 1. An iron instrument for 
holding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. — At anchor 
is when a ship rides by her anchor. Hence, to lie or ride 
at anchor. — To cast anchor, or to anchor, is to let go an 
anchor, to keep a ship at rest. — To weigh anchor is to 
heave or raise the anchor out of the ground. 2. In a fig- 
urative sense, that which gives stability or security ; that 
on which we place dependence for safety.— 3. Tn architec- 
ture, anchors are carved work, somewhat resembling an 
anchor.— In heraldry, anchors are emblems of hope. 

ANCHOR, v. t. 1. To place at anchor. A ship is anchored, 
but not moored, by a single anchor. 2. To fix or fasten on ; 
to fix in a stable condition. 

ANCHOR, v. i. 1. To cast anchor ; to come to anchor. 

2. To stop ; to fix or rest on. 
ANCHOR-A-BLE, a. Fit for anchorage. 
ANCHOR-AGE, n. 1. Anchor-ground ; a place where a ship 

can anchor. 2. The hold of a ship at anchor, or, rather, 
the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring. 

3. A duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor. 
ANCHORED, pp. Lying or riding at anchor ; held by an 

anchor ; fixed in safety. ', 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS — CasK; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



AND 



40 



AJNG 



AN€H O-RESS, n, A female anchoret. 

AN-t;H'0-RET, }n. [Gr. avax^P'nrjg. Written by some au- 

ANGH'Q-RiTE, 3 thors, anachoret.] A hermit ; a recluse ; 
one who retires from society into a desert or solitary 
place, to avoid the temptations of the world, and devote 
himself to religious duties. 

ANGH-OR-ET'IG, \a. Pertaining to a hermit, or his 

ANGH-OR-ET'IG-AL, J mode of life. 

ANCHOR-GROUND, n. Ground suitable for anchoring. 

ANGH'OR-HoLD, n. The hold or fastness of an anchor ; 
security. 

ANGH'OR-ING, ppr. Coming to anchor, as a ship ; casting 
anchor. 

ANGH'OR-SMITH, n. A maker of anchors. 

AN-CHo'VY, n. [Port, and Sp. anchova.] A small fish of the 
herring kind, caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, 
and used as a sauce or seasoning. 

AN-CHo'VY-PEIR, n. A fruit of the West Indies. It re- 
sembles the mango in taste, and, like it, is sometimes 
pickled when green. 

ANGH'Y-L5S.ED (ank'y-lost), a. Immovably united or fix- 
ed, as joints of bones. — Mantell. 

AN€H-Y-Lo'SIS, n. [Gr. ayxuAwtn;.] In medicine, stiffness 
or immobility of a joint naturally movable. 

ANCH-Y-LOTIG, a. Pertaining to anchylosis. 

aN'CIENT (an'shent), a. [Fr. ancien.] 1. Old ; that hap- 
pened or existed in former times, usually at a great dis- 
tance of time; as, ancient authors, ancient days. 2. Old; 
that has been of long duration ; as, an ancient city. 
3. Known from ancient times ; as, the ancient continent, 
opposed to the new continent. — Syn. Old ; primitive ; 
pristine; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete. 

AN'CIENT, n. Generally used in the plural, ancients. 

1. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns. — 
In Scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, polit- 
ical and ecclesiastical. Hooker uses the word for seniors. 

2. Ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a ship 
of war, and also the colors of a regiment. 

aN'CIENT-LY, adv. In old times ; in times long since past. 
AN'CIENT-NESS, n. The state of being ancient; antiquity; 

existence from old times. 
IN'CIENT-RY, n. Dignity of birth ; the honor of ancient 

lineage. — Shak. 
f aN'CIENT- Y, n. Age ; antiquity.— Martin. 
SN'CIENT-Y, n. In some old English statutes and authors, 

eldership, or seniority. 
AN-Cl'LE, n. [L.] In Roman antiquity, the sacred shield of 
Mars, said to have fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. 
AN'CIL-LA-RY, a. [L. ancilla.] 1. Literally, pertaining to a 
maid-servant, or female service. 2. Subservient or sub- 
ordinate ; as, a court which is ancillary to another. 
AN-CIP1-TAL, a. [L. anceps.] Doubtful, or double ; double- 
faced or double-formed. — In botany, double-edged. 
AN'G6ME, n. A small, ulcerous swelhng, coming suddenly. 

— Boucher. 
AN'GON, n. [L. ancon.] The olecranon, the upper end of 

the ulna, or elbow.— Coxe. 
AN'GoNES, n.pl. [L. ancon.] In architecture, toe brackets sup- 
porting a cornice on the flanks, as in doorways, &c. Also, 
the corners or quoins of walls, cross-beams, or rafters. 
AN'GO-NY, n. In iron works, a piece of half-wrought iron, 
in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and un- 
wrought at the ends. 
AND, conj. [Sax. and; Ger. und.] And is a conjunction, 
connective, or conjoining word. It signifies that a word 
or part of a sentence is to be added to what precedes. 
Thus, give me an apple and an orange ; that is, give me an 
apple, add, or give, in addition to that, an orange. 
fAN'DA-BA-TISM, n. Uncertainty. 

AN-DA-LU'SlTE, n. A mineral first found in Andalusia, in 

Spain, usually occurring in thick, lamellar forms of a 

grayish or pale-reddish tint, and sometimes in rhombic 

prisms. It consists of silica and alumina. 

AN-DAN'TE. [It.] In music, a word used to direct to a 

movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro. 
ANT)AR-AG, n. Red orpiment. — Coxe. 
ANT>E-AN, a. Pertaining to the Andes. 
AN-Di'RA, n. The genus of plants to which belongs the 

cabbage-bark tree of Jamaica. 
AND'I-RON (and-T'urn), n. [Teutonic, andena, or andela ; 
Sax. brand-isen.] An iron utensil, used, in Great Britain, 
where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a 
spit; but, in America, used to support the wood in fire- 
places. 
AN-DRA-NATO-MY, n. [Gr. avnp, av8poc, and avaro^-] 

The dissection of a human body, especially of a male. 
AN'DRE-O-LlTE, n. A mineral, the harmotome, or cross-stone. 
AN-DROG'Y-NAL, la. [Gr. avvp and yvvn-] Having two 
AN-D ROOT-NOUS, $ sexes ; being male and female ; her- 
maphroditical. — In botany, the name is applied to plants 
bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers on the 
same root. 
AN-DROG'Y-NAL-LY, adv. With the parts of both sexes. 



AN-DROG'Y-N JS, n. A hermaphrodite.— Johnson. 

AN-DROID'eS, n. [Gr. av V p and ados.] A machine in the 
human form, which, by internal springs, performs some of 
the natural motions of a living man. 

AN-DROM'E-DA, n. A northern constellation, behind Pega- 
sus, Cassiopeia, and Perseus. The name of a celebrated 
tragedy of Euripides, now lost. Also, a genus of plants. 

AN'DRON, n. [Gr. avr/p.] In Grecian and Roman a?-chite<> 
ture, the apartment of a house for the males ; this was in 
the lower part of the house, and the gynecaa, or apart- 
ments for females, in the upper part. — Brande. 

AN-DRO-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. av n p and irera^ov.] A term 
applied to double flowers, produced by the conversion oi 
the stamens into petals, as in the garden ranunculus.— 
Brande. 

AN-DROPH'A-GI, n.pl. [Gr. avnp and 0ayo>.] Man-eaters; 
but the word is little used, being superseded by anthro 
pophagL 

AN-DROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. avnp and rourj-] A cutting of hu- 
man bodies ; dissection of the human body, as distin- 
guished from zootomy. 

A-'Nf.AR', prep. Near. — Atterbury. 

AN'EC-Do-TAL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes. 

AN'EC-DOTE, n. [Gr. a and skSotos] 1. In its original 
sense, secret history, or facts not generally known. Bu» 
in more common usage, a particular or detached incident or 
fact of an interesting nature ; a biographical incident ; a 
single passage of private life. 2. A narration of a particu- 
lar incident or event. — Melmouth. 

AN-EC-DOTIC-AL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes. 

t A-NeLE', v. t. [Sax. cell.] To give extreme unction. 

AN-E-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ave/xos and ypatyn.] A descrip- 
tion, of the winds. 

AN-E-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. avepios and Aoyos.] The doctrine 
of winds, or a treatise on the subject. 

AN-E-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. aveuos and fierpeu).] An instru- 
ment or machine for measuring the strength or velocity 
of the wind. 

A-NEM'O-NE, n. [Gr. aveixuvr;.] Wind-flower ; a genus of 
plants, of numerous species. — Sea-Anemone. See Animal 
Flower. 

A-NEM'O-NIN, n. An acrid, crystallizable substance obtained 
from some species of anemone. It burns like camphor. — 
Brande. 

A-NEM'O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. ave/w? and aKoneu).] A machine 
which shows the course or direction of the wind. 

A-NENT, prep. About ; concerning ; over against. [A 
Scottish word.] 

ANES. See Awns. 

AN'EU-RISM, n. [Gr. ara and evpvvw.] A soft, pulsating 
tumor, arising from a preternatural dilatation or ruptura 
of the coats of an artery. 

AN-EU-RIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to an aneurism. 

A-NEW (a-nu 7 ), adv. Over again ; another time ; in a new 
form ; as. to create anew. 

AN-FRAC'TU-OUS, a. [L. anfractus.) Winding ; full of 
windings and turnings ; written less correctly, anfractuose. 

AN-FRAG-TU OS'I-TY, ) n. A state of being full of wind- 

AN-FKACTU-OUS-NESS, J ings and turning. 

AN-FRACTURE (an-frakfure), n. A mazy winding. 

AN-GA-RI-A'TION, n. [L. angario.] Compulsion ; exertion. 

AN-GEI-OT'O-MY. See Angiotomy. 

aN'GEL, n. [L. angclus; Gr. ayyeAo?.] 1. Literally, a mes- 
senger ; one employed to communicate news or informa 
tion from one person to another at a distance. 2. A spirit 
or a spiritual, intelligent being, employed by God to com 
municate his will to man. — 3. In a bad sense, an evil spirit , 
as, the angel of the bottomless pit. 4. Christ, the Mediator 
and Head of the Church. — Rev., x. 5. A minister of the 
gospel, who is an embassador of God. — Rev., ii. and iii 
6. Any being whom God employs to execute his judg 
ments. — Rev., xvi. — 7. In the style of love, a very beautiful 

_ person. — Shak. 

aN'GEL, n. A fish found on the coast of Carolina. 

aN'GEL, n. A gold coin formerly current in England, bear- 
ing the figure of an angel, worth ten shillings sterling. 

aN'GEL, a. Resembling angels ; angelic. — Shak. 

aN'GEL-AgE, n. The existence or state of angels. 

IN'GEL-BED, n. An open bed, without posts.— Kno^les. 

IN'GEL-FISH, n. A species of shark. 

AN-GEL'IG, ? a. [L. angelicus.] Resembling angels ; be- 

AN-GEL'IG-AL, 5 longing to angels, or partaking of their 
nature ; suiting the nature and dignity of angels. 

AN-GEL'I-GA, n. A plant of a pungent, aromatic taste, useJ 
in confectionery and medicine. 

AN-GELTC-AL-LY, adv. Like an angel. 

AN-GEL'IC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being angelic ; ex- 
cellence more than human. 

IN'GEL-lTES, n. pi. In Church history, a sect so called 
from Angelium, in Alexandria, where they held their first 
meetings. They held that each person of the Trinity 
is a God, existing by a participation of a common na- 
ture. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD;— MoVE, BOOK, 



ANG 



41 



ANI 



aN-gEL-LIKE, a. Resembling, or having the manners of 

angels. 
aN-gEL-OL'O-gY, n. A discourse on angels ; or, the doc- 
trine of angehc beings. — Ch. Speaator. 
AN'GE-LOT, 11. [Fr. anche.] 1. An instrument of music, 
somewhat resembling a lute. 2. An ancient English coin. 
3. A small, rich sort of cheese. 
aN'gEL-PeO'PL.ED, a. Peopled with angels. — Jewsbury. 
aN'GKL-SHOT, ii. [Fr. ange.] Chain-shot, being two halves 

of a cannon ball fastened to the enas of a chain. 
aN'gEL-WEL'CoME, ii. Welcome by angels. — Bowring. 
kls GEL-WINGED, a. Winged like angels. 
aN'gEL-W6R-SH1P, n. The worshiping of angels. 
AN'GER (ang'ger), n. [L. angor.] 1. A violent passion of 
the mind, excited by a real or supposed injury ; usually 
accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to 
obtain satisfaction from the on-ending party. 2. Pain or 
smart of a sore or swelling ; the literal sense of the word, 
but little used. — Syn. Resentment ; wrath ; rage ; fury ; 
passion ; ire ; gall ; choler ; indignation ; displeasure ; vex- 
ation ; grudge ; spleen. 
^N"GER, v. t. 1. To excite anger ; to rouse resentment. 
2. To make painful ; to cause to smart. — Syn. To irritate ; 
enrage ; inflame ; provoke ; exasperate ; rouse ; incite. 
AN"GERi<D, pp. Provoked ; made angry. 
AN"GER-LY, adv. In an angry manner; more generally 

written angrily. 
\ AN"GER-NESS, n. The state of being angry. 
AN-GI'NA, 11. [L. from augo.] In medicine, a term applied to 
ah inflammatory affections of the throat or fauces, from 
the accompanying difficulty of breathing ; it includes the 
quinsy, croup, malignant sore-throat, &c. 
AN-GI'NA PEC'TO-RiS, n. [L.J A periodical nervous af- 
fection of the chest, occasioning great pain. — Coxe. 
AN-GI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. uyyeiov and ypafn.] A descrip- 
tion of the vessels in the human body. 
AN-Gi-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ayyuov and Aoyo?.] A treatise or 

discourse on the vessels of the human body. 
AN'Gl-O-MON-O-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. ayyewv, novo*;, and 

o-nepiJM.] Producing one seed only in a seed pod. 
AN'Gi-O-SCOPE, n, [Gr. ayyeiov and okottew.] An instru- 
ment for examining the capillary vessels of a body. — 
Morin. 
AN'GI-O-SPERM, n. [Gr. ayytwv and u-eppia.] In botany, 

a plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp. 
AN-Gl-O-SPERM'OUS, a. Having seeds inclosed in a pod 

or other pericarp. 
AN Gl-OTO-MY, n. [Gr. ayyuov and ropr}.] 1. The opening 
of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleeding. 
2. A dissection of the vessels of the body. — Parr. 
AN"GLE (ang'gl), n. [Fr. angle.] In popular language, the 
point where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines 
in a point ; a corner. — In geometry, the space comprised 
between two straight lines that meet in a point, or between 
two straight converging lines, which, if extended, would 
meet ; or the quantity by which two straight lines, depart- 
ing from a point, diverge from each other. The point of 
meeting is the vertex of the angle, and the lines contain- 
ing the angle are its sides or legs. 
AN"GLE, n. 1. A hook ; an instrument to take fish, consist- 
ing of a rod, a line, and a hook, or a line and hook. 2. One 
who may be easily enticed ; a gull. — Shak. 
AN"GLE, v. i. 1. To fish with an angle, or with line and 
hook. 2. v. t. or i. To fish for ; to try to gain by some 
bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish. 
AN"GL ED (ang'gld), a. Having angles. [Used only in com- 
pounds.] 
AN"GLER, ii. One that fishes with an angle ; also, a fish, a 

species of lophius, sometimes called fishing-frog. 
AN"GL£-ROD, n. The rod or pole to which a line and 

hook are fastened. 
AN"GLES, n. -pi. [L. Angli.] A people of Germany, from 

whom the name of England was derived. 
AN"GLE-SlTE, n. Native sulphate of lead, named from the 
Island of Anglesea, England. It occurs in white or yel- 
lowish prismatic crystals, semi-transparent, with a glassy 
or adamantine lustre. 
AN"GLI€, ) a. [From Angles.] English ; pertaining to 
AN"GLI€-AN, $ England or the English nation. 
AN"GLI€-AN, n. A member of the English Church.— Burke. 
AN"GLI-CE. [L.] In English ; in the English manner. 
AN"GLI-CISM, n. An English idiom ; a form of language 

peculiar _to the English. — Milton. 
AN"GLI-ClZE, v. t. To make English ; to render conform- 
able to the English idiom. 
AN"GLI-ClZ£D, pp. Made English ; rendered conformable 

to the English idiom. 
AN"GLING, ppr. Fishing with an angle. 
AN"GLING„ n. A fishing with a rod and fine. 
AN"GLO-A-MER'I-€AN, n. A descendant from English an- 
cestors born in America, or the United States. 
AN"GLO-A-MER'I-€AN, a. Pertaining to the descendants 
of Englishmen in America. 



AN"GLO-Di'NISH, a. Pertaining to the English Danes t or 
the Danes who settled in England. 

AN"GLO-NOR'MAN, a. Pertaining to the English Normana 
— Wotton. 

AN"GLO-NOR'MAN, n. An English Norman. 

AN"GLO-SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons who settled 
in England, or English Saxons. 

AN"GLO-SAX'ON, n. An English Saxon ; also the language 
of the English Saxons. 

AN-Go'LA-PeA, )n. A species of cytisus, allied to the la- 

PIg'EON-PeA, 5 burnum. 

AN"GOR, n. [L.] 1. Pain; intense bodily pain. 2. The 
retiring of the native bodily heat to the center, occasion- 
ing headache, palpitation, and sadness. 

AN"GER.Eb. } ( an S'g erd )> PP- Made xngrj i provoLed. 

AN"GRI-LY, adv. In an angry manner ; peevishly ; with 
indications of resentment. 

AN"GRY, a. 1. Feeling resentment ; provoked. 2. Show- 
ing anger ; wearing the marks of anger ; caused by anger. 

3. Inflamed, as a sore ; red ; manifesting inflammation. 

4. Roused or excited like one angry; as, the angrywaves. 
— Syn. Passionate ; resentful ; irritated ; indign/tnt ; pro- 
voked ; hot ; raging ; furious ; tumultuous ; wrathful : 
choleric; inflamed; infuriated. 

ANG-Sa/NA, \n. A red gum of the East Indies, like that of 
ANG-Sa'VA, 5 dragon's blood. 
AN"GU, n. Bread made of the cassada plant. 
AN"GUT-FER (ang'gwe-fer), n. [L. anguis and fero.] In as- 
tronomy, a cluster of stars in the form of a man holding a 
serpent; Serpentarius, one of the constellations of the 
northern hemisphere. 
AN-GUIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. anguilla and forma.] In the 

form of an eel, or of a serpent. 
AN-GUIN'E-AL, a. [L. anguis.] Pertaining to or resembling 

a snake. 
AN"GUISH (ang'gwish), n. [Fr. angoisse.] Extreme pain, 
either of body or mind. — Syn. Distress ; pang ; throe , 

agony ; torture ; torment. 
AN"GUISH, v. t. To distress with extreme pain or grief. ■ 

Temple. 
ANGUISHED (ang'gwisht), pp. Extremely pained ; tor- 
tured ; deeply distressed. 
AN"GU-LAR, a. 1. Having an angle, angles, or corners ; 

pointed. 2. Consisting of an angle ; forming an angle. 
AN"GU-LAR'I-TY, n. The quality of having an angle oi 

corner. 
AN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With angles or corners ; in the di- 
rection of the angles. 
AN"GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of being angular. 
AN"GU-La-TED, a. Formed with angles or corners. 
|AN"GU-LOS'I-TY, n. Angularity. 
AN"GU-LOUS, a. Angular ; having corners ; hooked. 
tAN-GUST', a. [L. angustus.] Narrow; strait. 
AN-GUSTATE, a. [L.] Narrow ; diminishing rapidly in 

breadth. _ 
AN-GUST-A'TION, n. [L. angustus.] The act of making 

narrow ; a straitening. 
AN-GUST'I-CLaVE, ii. [L. angustus.] A robe or tunic em 

broidered with purple studs or knobs, or by purple stripes, 

worn by Roman knights. 
AN-HE-La'TION, n, [L. anhelo.] Shortness of breath ; a 

panting ; difficult respiration. 
AN-HE-L5SE', a. Out of breath ; panting ; breathing with 

difficulty. [Little used.] 
AN'HI-MA,_». A Brazilian aquatic fowl, resembling a crane. 
AN'HY-DRlTE, n. Anhydrous gypsum. It differs from 

gypsum in not containing water, and occurs in rectangular 

crystals, nearly colorless, or of a pale shade of blue or 

red, also fibrous, radiated, and granular. 
AN-HY'DROUS, a. [Gv.arvSpoi.] Destitute of water; as, an 

hydrous salts or acids. 
tAN-I-ENT'ED, a. [It. niente.] Frustrated; brought to 

naught. — Cliaucer. 
A-NlGHT (a-nite'), adv. In the night-time.— Anights, in the 

plural, is used of frequent and customary acts. — Shak. 
AN'IL, n. [Sp. anil.] A shrub from whose leaves and stalks 

indigo is made ; a species of indigo plant. 
AN'lLE, a. Aged ; imbecile. 

A-NlLE'NESS, \n. [L. anilis, anilitas.] The state of being 
A-NIL'I-TY, > an old woman ; the old age of a woman" 

dotage, 
t AN'I-MA-BLE, a. Susceptible of animation. 
tAN-I-MAD-VER'SAL, 11. That which has the power of 

perceiving or judging. 
AN-I-MAD-VER'SION, n. [L. animadversio.] Remarks by 

way of censure or criticism. It may sometimes be used 

for punishment. — Syn. Stricture; criticism; censm-e ; re- 
mark; reproof; blame; comment. 
AN-I-MAD-VER'SiVE, a. That has the power of perceiv 

ing — Glanville. 
tAN-I-MAD-VER'SlVE-NESS, n. The power of animad 

verting. 



D6VE .—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, t ObtoieU 



AN I 



42 



ANN 



AN-I-M AD-VERT, v. i. [L. animadverto.] 1. To turn the 
mind to ; to consider. 2. To consider or remark upon by 
way of criticism or censure. 3. To inflict punishment. — 
Syn. To remark ; criticise ; blame ; censure ; comment. 

AN-I-MAD-VERTER, n. One who animadverts, or makes 
remarks by way of censure. 

AN-I-MAD-VERTING, ppr. Considering ; remarking by 
way of criticism or censure. 

AN'I-MAL, n. [L.] An organized body, endowed with life, 
sensation, and the power of voluntary motion ; a living, 
sensitive, locomotive body ; as, man is an intelligent animal. 
By way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid animal. 

AN'I-MAL, a. That belongs or relates to animals. 

AN-I-M A L'-GU-LAR, \a. Pertaining to animalcules. — Lon- 

AN-I-MAL'€U-LlNE, ) don Quarterly Review. 

AN-I-M AL'CULE, n. [L. animalculum, animate ula.] A little 
animal ; an animal whose figure can not be discerned with- 
out the aid of a magnifying glass. The Latin animalcules 
is often used in the plural. 

AN-I-MAL'€U-LIST, n. One versed in the knowledge of 
animalcules. — Keith. 

AN'I-MAL-FLOW-ER n. A name applied to several spe- 
cies of zoophytes, but especially to the Sea- Anemone. 
They are usually fixed to rocks, and appear, when ex- 
panded, like a large flower, at whose center is the mouth 
of the animal. 

AN'I-MAL-MAG'NET-ISM, n. A supposed agent of a mys- 
terious nature, said to have a powerful influence on the 
patient when acted on by contact or voluntary emotion on 
the part of the operator. See Mesmerism. 

AN'I-MAL -1 6 H, a. Like an animal. — Gudworth. 

AN'I-MAL-ISM, n. The state of mere animals, actuated by 
sensual appetites only. — Beecher. 

t AN-I-MAL'I-TY, n. Animal existence. — Smith. 

AN-I-MAL-I-ZI'TION, n. 1. The act of giving animal life. 
2. Conversion into animal matter, by the process of assim- 
ilation. 

AN'I-MAL-TZE, v. t. To give animal life to ; to endow with 
the properties of animals. 

AN'1-MAL-lZ.ED, pp. Endowed with animal life. 

AN'I-MAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Giving animal life to. 

AN'1-MAL-NESS, n. The state of animal existence. 

AN'I-MaTE, v. t. [L. animo.] 1. To give natural life to ; to 
make alive. 2. To give powers to, or to heighten the 
powers or effect of a thing. 3. To give spirit or vigor ; to 
infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening passion. — Syn. To 
enliven ; inspirit ; stimulate ; exhilarate ; inspire ; insti- 
gate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; 
gladden. 

AN'I-MATE, a. Alive ; possessing animal life. [Used chiefly 
in poetry for animated.] 

AN'I-Ma-TED, pp. or a. 1. Being endowed with animal fife. 
2. a. Lively ; vigorous ; full of spirit ; indicating animation. 

AN'I-Ma-TING, ppr. Giving life ; infusing spirit ; enlivening. 

AN'I-MI-TING-LY, adv. In an animating manner. 

AN-I-MA'TION, n. 1. The act of infusing life ; the state of 
being animated. 2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full 
of spirit and vigor.— Syn. Life ; vivacity ; spirit ; buoy- 
ancy ; sprightliness ; liveliness ; airiness ; promptitude. 

AN1-MI-TIVE, a. That has the power of giving life or 
spirit. — Johnson. 

AN'1-Ma-TOR, n. One that gives life ; that which infuses 
life or spirit. 

AN'IM-E, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, a term denoting that the 
eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tinct- 
ure from the animal itself. 

AN'IM-E, n. [Sp.] A resin of an amber color, used as a 
varnish. 

AN-I-METTA, n. Among ecclesiastical writers, the cloth 
which covers the cup of the eucharist. 

AN1-MISM n. The doctrine that the living phenomena of 
organized bodies is produced by some actuating or vital 
principle distinct from those bodies ; also, as taught by 
some, the doctrine that all the phenomena of the animal 
system are produced by the agency of the soul. 

AN'I-MIST, n. One who maintains the doctrines of ani- 
mism. 

AN'I-MO FU-RAN'Dl. [L.] In law, with intent to steal. 

\ AN-I-MoSE', a. Full of spirit ; resolute. 

t AN-I-MoSE-NESS, n. Spirit; heat. 

AN-I-MOS'I-TY, n. [L. animositas.] Violent hatred leading 

to active opposition ; active enmity. 
A-N1N GA, n. A root growing hi the West Tndies. like the 

China plant, used in refining sugar. 
AN'I-ON, n. [Gr. ava , upward, and iwv, going.] A term 
equivalent to electro-negative element ; being that element 
in electro-chemical decompositions which is evolved at 
the surface where the electrical current enters the elec- 
trolyte ; opposed to cation. 
ANISE, n. [L. anisum.] An annual aromatic plant, placed 

by Linnasus under the genus pimpinella. 
ANISE SEED, n. The seed of anise. Used against flatu- 
lence, and for making cordials. 



AN-IS-ETTE', n. A cordial flavored with anise seed. 

ANK'ER, n. A measure of liquids, formerly used in Eng 
land, and now in Holland, containing about ten wine gallons 

ANK'ER-lTE, n. A mineral consisting of the carbonates oi 
lime, iron, and magnesia. It resembles carbonate of lime 
in color and crystalline structure, but turns brown on ex 
posure, owing to the iron it contains. 

ANK'LE (ank'kl), n. [Sax. ancleow ; D. enkel.] The joint 
which connects the foot with the leg. 

ANK'LE-BoNE, n. The bone of the ankle. 

ANK'LiSD, a. Relating to the ankles. 

ANK'LET, n. A little ankle ; an ornament for the ankle. 

AN'LACE, n. A kind of dagger shaped like a scythe. [ Obs.] 

ANN, i n. In Scotch law, the right of the executors of a 

AN'NAT, 3 deceased clergyman to a half year's revenue 
of his benefice. — Ed. Encyc. 

AN'NAL, n A mass said for a person either every day in 
the year, or on a particular day every year. — P. Cyc. 

AN'NAL-ISl 1 , n. A writer of annals. 

AN'NAL-IZE, v. t. To record ; to write annals. [Rare.] 

AN NALS, n. pi. [L. annates.] 1. A species of history di- 
gested in order of time, or a relation of events in chrono- 
logical order, each event being recorded under the year 
in which it happened. 2. The books containing annals. 

AN'N ATS\ n. pi. [L. annus.] A year's income of a spiritual 
living. 

AN-NeAL', v. t. [Sax. ancelan.] 1. To heat, as glass, cast 
iron or other metals, and then cool very slowly, for the 
purpose of rendering them less brittle, or to fix colors. 

AN-Ne ALi?D' (an-neeld'), pp. or a. Heated; tempered; 
made malleable and less brittle by heat. 

AN-Ne AL'ING, ppr. or a. Heating ; tempering by heat 

AN-Ne AL'ING, n. The process of applying heat to remove 
brittleness from metals, glass, &c. 

AN-NECTANT, a. Connecting ; annexing. 

AN'NE-LID, n. ] [L. annellus and Gr. eidos.] Terms 

AN-NEL'I-DAN, n. I applied in natural history to the 

AN-NEL'I-DA, n. pi. f common earth-worm, and the va- 

AN-NEL-LI'TA, n.pl.) rious allied animals. They con- 
stitute one division of the articulata, or articulate animals. 

AN-NEX', v. t. [L. annecto.J 1. To unite at the end ; to sub- 
join ; to affix. 2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a greater. 
3. To unite to something preceding, as the main object , 
to connect with. 

AN-NEX', v. i. To join ; to be united.— Tooke. 

t AN-NEX^, n. The thing annexed.— Brown. 

AN-NE X-a'TION, n. The act of annexing, or uniting at the 
end; conjunction; addition; the act of connecting; union. 

AN-NEX-ED' (an-nexf), pp. Joined at the end ; connected 
with ; affixed. 

AN-NEX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end ; affixing. 

AN-NEX'ION (an-nek'shun), n. The act of annexing ; an 
nexation ; addition. [Little used.] 

AN-NEX'MENT, n. The act of annexing ; the thing an- 
nexed. — Shak. 

AN-Ni'HI-LA-BLE, a. That may be annihilated. 

AN-Ni'HI-LaTE, v. t. [L. ad and nihilum.] 1. To reduce to 
nothing ; to destroy the existence of. 2. To destroy the 
form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the specific 
thing no longer exists. 

A.N-Ni'HI-LATE, a. Annihilated.— Swift. 

AN-Ni'HI-La-TED, pp. Reduced to nothing ; destroyed. 

AN-Ni'HI-L a-TING, ppr. Reducing to nothing ; destroying 
thespecific form of. 

AN-Ni-HI-La'TION, n. 1. The act of reducing to nothing 
or non-existence ; or the act of destroying the form or 
combination of part* under which a thing exists, so that 
the name can no longer be applied to it. 2. The state of 
being reduced to nothing. 

AN-NI-VERS'A-RI-LY, adv. Annually.— Hall. 

AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, a. [L. anniver sarins.] Returning with 
the year, at a stated time ; annual ; yearly. 

AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, n. 1. A stated day, returning with the 
revolution of the year. The term is applied to a day on 
which some remarkable event is annually celebrated. 2. 
The act of celebration ; performance in honor of an event. 
— Anniversary days, in the Roman Catholic Church, are 
days in which an office is yearly performed for the souls 
of the deceased, or in which the martyrdom of a saint is 
celebrated.— P. Cyc. 

t AN'NI- VERSE, n. Anniversary. 

AN'NO DOM'I-NI. [L.] In the year of our Lord, noting 
the time from our Savior's incarnation ; as, Anno Domini, 
or A.D. 1800. 

f AN-NOI'SANCE, n. A nuisance. 

AN-NOM-IN-A'TTON, n. [L. ad and nomination 1. A pun ; 
the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of different 
meanings ; a paronomasia. 2. Alliteration. 

AN'NO MUN'DI. [L.] In the year of the world. 

AN-No'NA, n. [L. annona.] 1. A year's production or in- 
crease ; hence, provisions. — 2. A tax payable in corn, im- 
posed, in the Roman empire, on the more fertile provin- 
ces. — Brande. 



Set 



sis A, E, I, <fec, long ,-A, E, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY — MARWE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQOK, 



ANO 



43 



ANS 



AN"NO-TaTE, v. i. [L. annoto.] To comment; to make 
remarks on a writing. — Tatler. 

AN-NO-Ti'TION, n. [L. annotatio.] 1. A remark, note, or 
commentary on some passage of a book, intended to il- 
lustrate its meaning. 2. The first symptoms of a fever, or 
attack of a paroxysm. — Coxe. 

AN'NO-TI-TOR, n. A writer of notes ; a commentator ; a 
scholiast. 

AN-N5TA-TO-RY, a. Containing annotations 

AN-NOrTA, l SeeAN0TTA 

AN-NOTTO, j dee AN0TTA - 

AN-NOUNCE' (an-nouns'), v. t. [Fr. annoncer.] 1. To pub- 
lish ; to give notice, or first notice. 2. To pronounce ; to 
declare by judicial sentence. — Syn. To proclaim ; pub- 
lish ; make known ; promulgate. 

AN-NOUN'CED (an-nounstf), pp. Proclaimed; first pub- 
lished. 

AN-NOUNCE'MENT (an-nouns'ment), n. The act of giving 
notice ; proclamation ; publication. — Month. Mag. 

AN-NOUN'CER n. One that announces, or first gives no- 
tice ; a proclaimer. 

AN-NOUN'CING, ppr. Introducing notice ; first publishing ; 
proclaiming. 

AN-NOY', v. t. [Norm, annoyer.] To incommode, or disturb, 
by continued or repeated acts. — Syn. To molest ; vex ; 
trouble ; pester ; embarrass ; perplex ; tease. 

AN-NOY', n. Injury or molestation from continued acts or 
inconvenience. — Shalt. 

AN-NOY'ANCE, n. That which annoys, or injures ; the act 
of annoying ; the state of being annoyed. 

AN-NOY'i£D (an-noyd 7 ), pp. Incommoded, injured, or mo- 
lested by something that is continued or repeated. 

AN-NOY'ER n. One that annoys. 

t AN-NOY'FUL, a. Giving trouble ; incommoding ; molest- 
ing. — Chaucer. 

AN-NOY'ING, ppr. Incommoding ; hurting ; molesting. 

t AN-NOY'OUS, a. Troublesome.— Chaucer. 

AN'NU-AL, a. [Fr. annuel.] 1. Yearly ; that returns every 
year ; coming yearly. 2. Lasting or continuing only one 
year or season ; that requires to be renewed every year. 
3. Performed in a year. 

AN'NU-AL, n. A plant that lives but one year, or rather 
but one summer — Martyn. 

AN'NU-AL, 7i. A book published yearly, containing select 
compositions and elegant engravings. 

AN'NU-AL-LY, adv. Yearly ; returning every year ; year 
by vear. 

t AN-N U-A-RY, a. Annual.-^7. Hall. 

AN-Nu'I-TANT, n. One who receives or is entitled to re- 
ceive an annuity. 

AN-Nu'I-TY, n. [Fr. annuite.] A sum of money, payable 
yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, 
or forever ; an annual income, charged on the person of 
the grantor ; or an annual allowance. 

AN-NUL', v. t. [Fr. annuller.] 1. To make void or of no 
effect. 2. To reduce to nothing. — Syn. To abolish ; nul- 
lify; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; 
destroy ; set aside ; obliterate. 

ANNU-LAR, a. [L. annulus.] Having the form of a ring ; 
pertaining to a ring. — Annular eclipse, an eclipse of the 
sun obscuring the entire disc, except a bright ring round 
the border. — Brande. 

AN'NU-LA-RY, a. Having the form of a ring. — Ray. 

AN'NU-LATE, ? a. Furnished with rings, or circles, like 

AN'NU-L a-TED, > rings ; having belts ; surrounded by rings. 

AN-NU-La'TION, n. A circular or ring-like formation ; a 
ring or belt. 

AN'NU-LET, n. [L. annulus.] In architecture, a small, 
square member in the Doric capital, under the quarter 
round ; also, a narrow, flat molding ; a fillet. — In heraldry, 
a little circle, borne as a charge in coats of arms. 

AN-NUL'LED (an-nuld'), pp. Made void ; abrogated. 

AN-NUL'LING, ppr. Abrogating ; abolishing. 

AN-NUL'MENT, n. The act of annulling. 

AN'NU-LoSE, a. [L. annulus.] Furnished with rings ; com- 
posed of rings. The annulose animals (annulosa) are the 
same as the articulate animals, or articulata. — Partington. 

AN-NU'ME-RITE, v. t. [L. annumero.J To add to a former 
number ; to unite to something before mentioned. — John- 
son. 

AN-NU-ME-RITION, n. Addition to a former number. 

AN-NUN'CIITE, v. t. To bring tidings ; to announce.— 
— Chaucer. 

AN-NUNCI-aTION, n. 1. An announcing; the tidings 
brought by the angel to Mary, of the incarnation of 
Christ. Also, the day celebrated by the church, in mem- 
ory of the angel's salutation of the blessed Virgin, which 
is the 25th of March. 2. Proclamation ; promulgation. 

AN-NUN-CI-I'TOR, n. One who announces. 

AN'ODE, n. [Gr. ava and 0805.] In electro-chemistry, the way 
by which the electric current enters substances through 
which it passes ; opposed to cathode, and equivalent to 
positive pole. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in t his 



AN'O-DyNE, n. [Gr. a or av, and oSvvy.] Any medicine 
which allays pain. 

AN'O-DYNE, a. Assuaging pain. 

AN'O-DY-NOUS, a. Having the qualities of an anodyne. 
Coles. 

A-NOINT, v. t. [Fr. oindre.] 1. To pour oil upon ; to smear 
or rub over with oil or unctuous substances ; also, to 
spread over, as oil. 2. To consecrate by unction, or the 
use of oil. 3. To smear or daub. 4. To prepare, in allu- 
sion to the consecrating use of oiL 

A-NOIN TED, pp. or a. Smeared or rubbed with oil; set 
apart ; consecrated with oiL 

A-NOINTED, n. The Messiah, or Son of God. 

A-NOINTER, n. One who anoints. 

A-NOINTING, ppr. Smearing with oil ; pouring on oil, or 
other oleaginous substance ; consecrating. 

A-NOINTTNG, n. The act of smearing with oil ; a conso 
crating. 

A-NOINTMENT, n. The act of anointing, or state of being 
anointed. 

A-NOM'A-LISM n. An anomaly ; a deviation from rule 

A-NOM-A-LISTi€, \n. Irregular; departing from com 

A-NOM-A-LISTH3-AL, j mon or established rules. 

A-NOM'A-LOUS, a. Irregular; deviating from a general 
rule, method, or analogy. 

A-NOM'A-LOUS-LY, adv. Irregularly ; in a manner differ- 
ent from common rule, method, or analogy. 

A-NOM'A-LY, n. [Fr. anomalie.] 1. Irregularity; deviation 
from the common rule. — 2. In astronomy, an irregularity 
in the motion of a planet. — 3. In music, a false scale or in- 
terval. 

A-No'MI-A, n. [Gr. avofiia.] A genus of bivalve shells, so 
called_from their unequal valves ; the beaked cockle. 

AN'O-MlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus anomia. 

AN-0-MG5'ANS, n. pi. [Gr. avonoiog.] hi Church history, the 
pure Arians, who held the Son to be unlike the Father in 
his essential nature ; as distinguished from the Semi 
Arians. 

AN'O-MY, n. [Gr. avoyna.] A violation of law. — Bramhall. 
[Rarely used.] 

A-NON', adv. [Sax. on an.] 1. Quickly ; without intermis- 
sion ; soon ; immediately. 2. Sometimes ; now and then ; 
at other times. 

A-NON'Y-MOUS, a. [Fr. anonyme; L. anonymus.] Name 
less ; wanting a name ; without the real name of the au ■ 
thor. 

A-NONT-MOUS-LY, adv. Without a name. 

AN-O-PLO-THe'RI-UM, n. [Gr. av, b-\ov, and Snptov.] A 
name which Cuvier has given to a genus of extinct ani- 
mals, whose bones were first found in the gypsum quar- 
ries near Paris. 

A-NOP'SY, n. [Gr. av and wl//.] Want of sight ; mYision. 
[Little used.] 

AN'O-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and opsin.] Want of appetite, 
without a loathing of food. — Coxe. 

A-NORM'AL, a. Not according to rule ; abnormal. 

A-NOR'THlTE, n. A species of the feldspar family, occur- 
ring in small glassy crystals. It has been found only In 
lavas. 

AN-6THER (an-ufh'er), a, [an, or one, and other ^ 1. Not the 
same ; different. 2. One more, in addition to a former 
number, indefinitely. 3. Any other ; any different person, 
indefinitely. This word is often used without a noun, be 
coming a substitute for the name of the person or thing. 

t AN-6THER-GIINES, adv. Of another kind. 

t AN-6TH'ER-GaTES, adv. Of another sort. 

t AN-6THER-GUESS, a. Of a different kind. 

AN-6THER-GUISE (an-uth'er-gize), a. Of a different kind; 
different. [This is a vulgar word, and usually contracted 
into other-guess.] 

A-NOTTA, n. An elegant red color, obtained from the pulp 
of the seed-vessel of the bixa orellana, a tropical tree 

A A NOW' GH '' } See Enough ' Enow - 

AN'Sa-TED, a. [L. ansatus.] Having a handle or handles, 
or something in the form of handles. 

AN'SER n. [L.] 1. In zoology, the name of the goose, 
whether tame or wild.— 2. In astronomy, a small star in 
the milky way. 

AN'SER-INE, a. [L. anserinus.] 1. Resembling the skin of 
a goose ; uneven. 2. Pertaining to the anseres. 

AN'SER-ES, n. pi. In Lmnceus's system, the third order of 
aves, or birds, including the web-footed water-fowls. 

t AN'SLaIGHT (an'slate), n. An attack ; an affray. 

AN'SWER (an'ser). v. t. [Sax. andswarian.]. 1. To speak in 
return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, or 
argument of another person. 2. To be equivalent to ; to 
be adequate to, or sufficient to accomplish the object 3. 
To comply with, fulfill, pay, or satisfy. 4. To act in re- 
turn, or opposition. 5. To bear a due proportion to : to 
be equal or adequate ; to suit 6. To perform what was 
intended ; to accomplish. 7. To be opposite to ; to face. 
8. To write in reply ; to reply to another writing, by way 

Obsolete. 



ANT 



44 



ANT 



ol explanation, refutation, or justification. 9. To solve. 
10. To respond to, or attend upon ; as, to answer the bell. 
AN'SWER, v. i. 1. To reply ; to speak by way of return. 
2. To be accountable, liable, or responsible. 3. To vindi- 
cate, or give a justificatory account of. 4. To correspond 
with ; to suit with. 5. To act reciprocally. 6. To stand 
as opposite or correlative. 7. To return, as sound rever- 
berated ; to echo. 8. To succeed ; to effect the object in- 
tended ; to have a good effect. 
AN'S WER (an'ser), n. 1. A reply ; that which is said, in 
return to a call, a question, an argument, an allegation, or 
an address. 2. An account to be rendered to justice. — 3. 
In law, a counter-statement of facts, in a course of plead- 
ings ; a confutation of what the other party has alleged. 
4. A writing, pamphlet, or book, in reply to another. 5. 
A reverberated sound ; an echo. 6. A return ; that which 
is sent in consequence of some petition. 7. A solution, 
the result of a mathematical operation. — Syn. Reply ; re- 
joinder ; replication ; response. 
AN'SWER-A-BLE (an'ser-a-ble), a. 1. That may be an- 
swered ; to which a reply may be made. 2. Obliged to 
give an account, or liable to be called to account : amena- 
ble ; responsible ; accountable. 3. Obliged or liable to 
pay, indemnify, or make good. 4. Correspondent ; agree- 
ing with ; in conformity with. 5. Suitable ; suited ; pro- 
portionate. 6. Equal ; correspondent ; proportionate. 
AN'SWER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being answer- 
able, liable, responsible, or correspondent. 
AN'S WER- A-BLY, adv. In due proportion, correspondence, 

or conformity ; suitably. 
AN'SWER£D (an'serd), pp. Replied to ; fulfilled ; paid ; 

complied with ; accomplished ; solved ; confuted. 
AN'S WER-ER, n. One who answers ; he or that which 
makes a return to what another has spoken ; he who 
writes an answer. 
AN'S WER-ING, ppr. Replying ; corresponding to ; fulfill- 
ing ; solving; succeeding; reverberating; confuting. 
AN'SWER-JOB'BER, n. One who makes a business of 

writing answers to letters, &c. — Swift. 
AN'SWER-LESS, a. That has no answer, or that can not be 

answered. — Byron. 
AN'T. In old authors, for an it ; that is, if it. See An. 
INT. In vulgar use, for am not, are not, or is not. 
ANT, n. [Sax. cemet.] An emmet ; a pismire. 
XNT'-BEaR, \n. Names applied to a genus of quadru- 
XNT'-eAT-ER, i peds that feed on ants. 
ANT'-EGGS, n. pi. Little white balls found in the hillocks of 
ants, usually supposed to be their eggs, but found, on ex- 
amination, to be the young brood, in then- first or second 
state. 
aNT'-HILL, n. A little tumulus, or hillock, formed by ants. 

for their habitation. 
AN'TA, n. ; pi. Antjf. In ancient architecture, a pilaster or 

square projection attached to a wall ; written also ante. 
ANT-ACID, a. [anli and acid.] Counteractive of acidity. 
ANT-ACID, n. In medicine, a remedy for acidity of stom- 
ach, as an alkali or absorbent. 
ANT-ACRID, n. [and and acrid.] That which corrects ac- 
rimony. 
AN-TAG'O-NISM, n. Opposition of action ; counteraction 

of things or principles. — Good. 
AN-TAGO-NIST, n. [Gr. avn and ay uvictyh.} 1. One who 
contends with another in combat ; used primarily in rela- 
tion to the Grecian games. An adversary. 2. An oppo- 
nent in controversy. Campbell. — 3. In anatomy, a muscle 
which acts in opposition to another. 
AN-TAG'O-NIST, a. Counteracting ; opposing. 
AN-TAG-O-NISTIC, a. Opposing in combat; contending 

against. 
AN TAG'O-NlZE, v. i. To contend against ; to act in oppo- 
sition ; to oppose in argument. 
AN-TAG'O-NlZ-ING, ppr. Acting in opposition. 
AN-TAG'O-NY, n. Contest ; opposition.— Milton. 
ANT-AL'6IC a. [Gr. avn and aXyos-] Alleviating pain ; an- 
odyne. [Little used.] 
ANT-AL'KA-LI, \ n. In medicine, a remedy for the pur- 
ANT-AL'KA-LINE, 5 pose of neutralizing alkali, or coun- 
teracting an alkaline tendency in the system.— Hooper. 
ANT-AN-A-CLI'SIS, n. [Gr. avravaicXaoii.] 1. In rhetoric, 
a figure, which consists in repeating the same word in a 
different sense ; as, while we live, let us live. 2. It is also 
a repetition of words, beginning a sentence, after a long 
parenthesis^ 
ANT-AN-A-Go'GE, n. [Gr. avn and avaywyn.] In rhetoric, 
a figure, which consists in replying to an adversary, by 
way of recrimination. 
ANT-APH-RO-DIS'I-AC, a. [Gr. avn and a<ppo6iaios.] Anti- 
venereal ; having the quality of extinguishing or lessening 
venereal desire. 
ANT-APH-RO-DIS'I-AC, n. A medicine that lessens or ex- 

.tinguishes the venereal appetite. 
ANT-APH-RO-DITIC, a. Antivenereal ; abating the vene- 
real appetite, or efficacious against the venereal disease. 



ANT-APH-RO-DIT'IC, n. A medicine which abates the 
venereal appetite, or is good against the venereal disease. 
ANT-AP-O-PLECTIC, a. Good against apoplexy. 
ANT-AR'CHISM, n. [Gr. avn and apxo-] Opposition to all 

government or restraint of individuals by law. 
ANT-aR'-GHIST, n. One who opposes all social govern- 
ment or control of individuals by law. 
ANT-AR-CHIST'IC, ? a. Opposed to all human govern 
ANT-IR-CHIST'ICAL, j ment. 

ANT-ARCTIC, a. [Gr. avn and apKToS-] Opposite to the 
northern, or arctic pole ; relating to the southern pole, or 
to the region near it. 
AN-TA'RES, n. The name of a star of the first magnitude. 
ANT-aR-THRIT'IC, a. [Gr. avn and apdpini.] Counter- 
acting the gout. 
ANT-aR-THRIT'IC, n. A remedy which cures or alleviates 

the gout. 
ANT-ASTB-MAT'IC (-ast-mafik), a. [Gr. avn and aaOixa.\ 

Opposing the asthma. 
ANT-ASTH-MAT'IC, n. A remedy for the asthma. 
ANTE. A Latin preposition, the Greek avn, much used m 
the composition of English words, especially in words 
from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before 
in place, in front ; hence, opposite, contrary ; and, figura- 
tively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally used in 
the sense of before, and the Greek avn in that of opposite, 
or in the place of. 
ANTE, \n. A pilaster. — In heraldry, ante denotes that the 
AN'TA, 5 pieces are let into one another, in the manner 

there expressed. 
ANTE-ACT, n. [L. ante and act.] A preceding act. 
ANTE-AL, a. Being before or in front. — Fleming. 
AN'TE BEL'LUM. [L.] Before the war. 
ANTE CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. Antecedent ; preceding in time. 

— Owen. 
AN-TE-CeDE', v. t. To go before in time ; to precede. - - 

Hah. 
ANTE-CeD'ENCE, n. The act or state of going before in 

time; precedence. 
ANTE-CeD'EN-CY, n. The act or state of going before. 
ANTE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before in time.— Syn. Prior; 

anterior; preceding; previous; foregoing. 
AN-TE-CeD'ENT, n. That which goes before in tune ; 
hence, in writings, that which precedes in place. — In 
grammar, the noun to which a relative or other substitute 
refers. — In logic, the first of two propositions in an enthy- 
meme, and also the first part of a hypothetical proposi- 
tion ; opposed to consequent. — In mathematics, the first of 
two terms of a ratio. 
ANTE-CeD'ENT-LY, adv. Previously; at a time preceding. 
AN-TE-CES'SOR, n. [L.] 1. One who goes before ; a lead- 
er; a principal. 2. One that possessed land before the 
present possessor. 
ANTE-CHaM-BER, n. A chamber or apartment before the 
chief apartment to which it leads, and in which persons 
wait for audience. 
ANTE-CH AP-EL, n. The part of the chapel through which 

is the passage to the choir or body of it. 
AN-TE'CIAN, n. [L. antceci.] In geography, the antecians 
are those inhabitants of the earth, under the same merid- 
ian, and at the same distance from the equator, but on 
opposite sides, one party north, the other south. 
ANTE-GO-LUM'BI-AN, a. Before Columbus or his discov- 
ery of America. 
AN-TE-CUR'SOR, n. [L. ante and cursor.] . One who runs 

before ;_ a forerunner. 
ANTE-DaTE, n. 1. Prior date; a date antecedent to anoth 

er. — Good. 2. Anticipation. — Donne. 
ANTE-DaTE, v. t. [L. ante and datum.] 1. To date before 
the true time. 2. To anticipate ; to take before the time 
time ; as, to " antedate the bliss above." — Pope. 
ANTE-DaT-ED, pp. Dated before the true time. 
ANTE-DaT-ING, ppr. Dating before the true time. 
AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AL, )a. [L. ante and diluvium.] Before the 
ANTE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, J flood, or deluge, in Noah's time ; ex- 
isting, happening, or relating to what happened, before the 
deluge. 
AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, n. One who lived before the deluge, 
t ANTE-FACT, n. That which represents the fact before it 

occurs. 
ANTE-LOPE, n. In zoology, a genus of ruminant quadru- 
peds, intermediate between the deer and goat. One of 
the most beautiful species is the gazel. 
AN-TE-Lu'CAN, a. [L. antelucanus.] Being before fight. 
AN-TE-ME-RID'I-AN, a. [L. ante and meridian.] Being be- 
fore noon ; pertaining to the forenoon. 
ANT-E-MET'IC, a. [Gr. uvtl, and emetic] Restraining or 

allaying vomiting. 
ANT-E-MET'IC, n. A medicine which checks vomiting. 
AN-TE-MO-SaTG, a. Previous to the time of Moses. 
AN-TE-MUN'DANE, a. [L. ante and mundus.] Being before 

the creation of the world. 
AN-TE-Mu'RAL, n. In old castles, a barbacan or outwork ; 



* See Synopsis. A, t , I, &c. f long.— 1, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;-M0VE, BOOK, 



ANT 



45 



ANT 



a strong high wall, with turrets in front of the gate. — Hen- 
ry's Brit. 

AN-TE-Ni'CeNE, a. [L. ante and Nicene.] Anterior to the 
first council of Nice. 

AN-TEN'NjE, n. pi. [L.] In zoology, prominent organs at- 
tached to the heads of insects and of the Crustacea, or 
crab-like animals, usually jointed and hollow. They are 
organs of touch, and hence sometimes called feelers. In 
insects there are two, in the Crustacea usually four. 

AN-TEN'NAL, a. Belonging to the antenna?. 

AN-TEN-NIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing antennae. 

AN-TEN'NI-FORM, a. Shaped like antennae. 

AN-TE-NUM'BER, n. A number that precedes another. 

AN-TE-NUP'TIAL, a. Being before marriage. 

AN-TE-PAS'GHAL, a. Pertaining to the time before Easter. 
— Nelson. 

ANTE-PXST, n. [L. ante and pastum.] A foretaste ; some- 
thing taken before the proper time. 

AN'TE-PE-NULT, n. [L. ante, pene, and tdtimus.] The last 
sellable of a word except two. 

AN-TE-PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. Pertaining to the last syllable 
but two. 

ANT-EP-I-LEPTIG, a. [Gr.avn and ettl^tikos.] Resisting 
or curing epilepsy. 

ANT-EP-I-LEPTIG, n. A remedy for the epilepsy. 

ANTE-PoNE, v. t. [L. antepono.] To set one thing before 
another. 

AN-TE-PO-Sl"TION, n. In grammar, the placing of a word 
before another. 

AN-TE-PRE-DIGA-MENT, n. A preliminary point in logic ; 
any thing which is to be first known in order to a clear 
understanding of the predicaments and categories, as def- 
initions of common terms. 

AN-TE'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Before in time or place ; preceding 
in time. 2. Before or in front in place. — Syn. Antece- 
dent : previous ; precedent ; preceding ; former ; foregoing. 

AN-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. The state of being anterior, pre- 
ceding, or in front. 

ANTE-ROOM, n. A room before, or in front of another. 

AN'TkS, In. pi. [L.] Pilasters or square projections at- 

ANT.E. 3 tached to a wall.— Brande. 

AN-TE-STATURE, n. In fortification, a small intrench- 
ment, or work formed of palisades. 

AN-TE-ST6MAGH (-stum'ak), n. A cavity which leads into 
the stomach, as in birds. — Fay. 

\ AN TE-TEM-PLE, n. The nave in a church. 

f ANTE-VERT, v. t. [L. anteverto.] To prevent. 

4N-THEL-MINTIG, a. [Gr. avri and sXuivs.] Good against 
worms. 

AN-THEL-MIN'TI€, n. A remedy for worms. 

ANTHEM, n. [Gr. avri and vfxvos.] A hymn sung in alter- 
nate parts ; but, in modern usage, a sacred tune, or piece 
of music set to words. 

ANTHEM-WTSE, adv. In the manner of an anthem ; al- 
ternately. — Bacon. * 

fcNTHE-MIS, n. Camomile.— Tate. 

iLNTHER, n. [L. anthera.] In botany, the summit or top of 
the stamen, containing the fertilizing dust which produces 
fruit. 

ANT HER- AL, a. Pertaining to anthers. 

ANTHER-DUST, n. The dust or pollen of an anther. 

AN-THER-IF'ER-OUS, a. [anther, and L. faro.] Producing 
anthers . — Barton. 

AN-THES-TE'RI-ON, n. [Gr.] The sixth month of the Athe- 
nian year. 

AN-THo'BI-AN, n. [Gr. avdo$.] An animal that fives on 
flowers. 

AN-THo'DI-UM, n. [Gr. from ,«v0oc, a flower.] In botany, 
the inflorescence of a compound flower, or the common 
calyx of a compound flower. — Lindley. 

AN-THO-LOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to anthology. 

AN-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. «v0oj and'Aoyoj.] LA collection 
of flowers. — Johnson. 2. A discourse on flowers. 3. A 
collection of beautiful passages from authors ; a collection 
of poems or epigrams, especially from Greek authors. In 
the Greek Church, a collection of devotions or offices. 

AN-THOPH'YL-LlTE, n. [Gr. uvQos and (f>v\\ov.} A min- 
eral of the hornblende family, occurring in fine, brittle 
fibres or fibrous masses, of grayish brown and other dark 
colo-s, and seini-metallic lustre. It consists of silica, mag- 
Eesia, and oxyd of iron. 

AN-THOPH-YL-LITT€, a. Pertaining to anthophylhte, or 
containing it.- Hitchcock. 

ANTHO-RISM, n. [Gr. avri and npitruoc] In rhetoric, a 
description, or definition, contrary to that which is given 
by the adverse party. 

ANTHRA-ClTE, n. [Gr.avOpal and Aiflos.] A hard, com- 
pact, mineral coal, of high lustre, differing from bitumin- 
ous coal in containing but little or no bitumen, in conse- 
quence of which it burns without flame. The purer spec- 
imens consist wholly of carbon. 

AN-THRA-CIT'LG, a. Pertaining to anthracite. 

ANTHRAG'O-LiTE. See Anthracite. 



AN-THRA-€0-THE'RI-UM,n. [Gr. avQpa\ and Snpiov.] The 
name of a genus of pachydermatous animals found in Italy, 
in tertiary lignite, or brown coal ; whence the name, viz., 
coal-beast. 

ANTHRAX, n. A carbuncle ; a malignant ulcer, with in 
tense burning. 

ANTHRO-PO-GLOTTUS, n. [Gr. avdptoiros and yAwrra.] 
An animal which has a tongue resembling that of a man, 
of which kind are parrots. 

AN-THRO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avOpuxos and ypaAt,.] A 
description of man, or the human race ; or of the distribu 
tion of our race in respect to situation, language, customs, 
&c. 

AN-THRO-PO-LOG'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to anthropology , 
according to human manner of speaking. 

AN-THRO-POL'6-GlST, n. One who describes, or is versed 
in the physical history of man, or the human body. 

AN-THRO-POL'O-GY, n. [Gr. av6pu>iros and Aoyoj.] 1. A 
discourse upon human nature. 2. The doctrine of the 
structure of the human body ; the natural history or phys- 
iology of the human species. 3. The word denotes that 
manner of expression by which the inspired writers at- 
tribute human parts and passions to God. 

ANTHRO-PO-MAN-CY,ra. [Gr.avdpunroi and pavreia.] Div 
ination by inspecting the entrails of a human being. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'ISM, n. 1. The representation of the 
Deity under a human form, or with human affections, 6cc. 
2. The heresy of the anthropomorphites. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'IST, n, One who believes in the ex 
istence of deity in a human forrn, as the ancient- Greeks. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'lTE, n. [Gr. avQpwitos and uop<pi 7 .\ 
One who believes a human form in the Supreme Being. A 
sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH-ITI€, a. Representing the Deity 
with human form or affections. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'IT-ISM, u. The doctrines of an 
thropomorphites. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'OUS, a. Belonging to that which has 
the form of man ; having the figure of resemblance to a 
man. 

AN-THRO-PO-PATH'IG-AL, a. Subject to human -passions 

AN-THRO-PO-PATH'I€-AL-LY, adv. When human pas- 
sions are ascribed to a being. 
■ AN-THRO-POP'A-THY, n. [Gr. avQp^-rzoc and Kudos.] The 
affections of man, or the application of human passions to 
the Supreme Being. 

AN-THRO-POPHA-GI (an-thro-pof'a-ji), n.plu. [Gr. avOpu- 
nog and 6ayw.] Man-eaters ; cannibals ; men that eat hu- 
man flesh. 

AN-THRO-POPHA-GOUS, a. Feeding on human flesh. 

AN-THRO-POPHA-GY, n. The eating of human flesh, or 
the practice of eating it. 

AN-THRO-POS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. ai'0/Jwiros and GKoveu.] The 
art of discovering or judging ot a man's character, pas- 
sions, and inclinations from the lineaments of his body. 

AN-THRO-POS'O-PHY.%. [Gr.avdpwTros and ao^ta.] Knowl- 
edge of the nature of man ; acquaintance with man's struc- 
ture and functions. 

AN-THRO-POT'O-MY, n. [Gr. avBpu-Kos, a man, and tout], a 
cutting.] The anatomy or dissection of the human body. 

ANT-HYP-NOTIC, a. [Corrupt orthography.] See Anti- 

KYPNOTIC. 

ANT-HYP-0-€HOND'RI-A€. See Antihypochondriac 

ANT-HY-POPH'O-RA. See Antihypophora. 

ANT-KYS-TER'I€. See Antihysteric. 

ANTI. [Gr. See Axte.] A preposition, signifying against, 
opposite, contrary, or in place of; used in many English 
words. 

AN-TI-AB-O-Lf TION-1ST, n. One who opposes abolition. 

AN-TI-A-MER1-GAN, a. Opposed to America, or to the 
United States; oppD.sed to the revolution in America. 

AN-TI-A-POSTLE, n. [Gr. avri, and apostle.] An adversary 
to the apostles. 

AN-TI-IR-MIN1AN. n. One who opposes Arminianism 

AN-TI-aR-THRIT'IC, a. Good against the gout. 

ANTI-aRTHRIT'IG, n. A lemedy for the gout. 

AN-TI-ASTH-MAT'IG, a. Good against asthma. 

ANTI-ASTH-MAT'IG, n. A remedy for the asthma. 

ANTI-ATTRlTION, n. A compound applied to machin- 
ery to prevent the effects of friction , often consisting of 
plumbago with some oily substance. 

AN-TI-BAC'GHI-US, n. [Gr. uvn and /?a/cvaof.] In poeti-y, 
a foot of three syllables ; the first two long, and the last 
short, as amblre. 

AN-TI-BA-SILT€-AN, a. [Gr. avri and (iauiXiKn' Opposed 
to royal state and magnificence. 

ANTI-BILIOUS (-bil'yus), a. Counteraction of bilious com- 
plaints. 

ANTI-BRAGH'I-AL, a. Belonging to the fore arm. 

ANTIG, a. [Fr. antique.] Odd; fanciful. 

ANTIG, n. LA buffoon, or merry Andrew; one that prac- 
tices odd gesticulations. 2. Odd appearance ; fantastic 
figures. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE •— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ANT 



46 



ANT 



ANTIC, v. t. To make antic— Shak. 
AN-TI-CA-CHECTIC, a. [Gr. avn and KaxtKrrjq.\ Curing, 

or tending to cure, an ill habit of the constitution. 
AN-TI-€A-€HE€TIG, n. A medicine that tends to correct 

an ill habit of body. 
AN-T r .-€AL'VIN-IST, n. An opposer of Calvinism. 
AN-TI-CAL-VIN-ISTTC, a. Opposed to Calvinism. 
AN-TI-CAR-NIV'O-ROUS, a. Opposed to feeding on flesh. 
AN-TI-CA-TaRRH'AI (-ka-tar'ral), a. [Gr. avn and narappo- 

o?.] Good against catarrh. 
AN-TI-CA-TaRRH'AL, n. A remedy for catarrh. 
AN-TI-CAU-SOTTC, a. [Gr. avn and Kavaos.] Good against 

a burning fever. 
AN-TI-CAU-SOT'IC, n. A remedy for a burning fever. 
AN-TI'CHaM-BER, n. Dr. Johnson prefers ante-chamber, 

which see. 
ANTI-CHRIST, n. [Gr. avn, and Christ.] A great adver- 
sary of Christ ; the man of sin. 
ANTI-CHRISTIAN (-krisfyan), a. Pertaining to Anti-Christ ; 

opposite to, or opposing the Christian religion, or its prop- 



AN-TI-CHRIST'IAN, n. A follower of Anti-Christ ; one op- 
posed to the Christian religion. 

AN-TI-CHRISTIAN-ISM, n. Opposition or contrariety to 
the Christian religion. 

AN-TI-CHRIST-IAN'1-TY, n. Opposition or contrariety to 
Christianity. 

ANTI-CHRISTIAN-lZE, v. t. To seduce from Christianity. 

ANTI-CHRON'IC-AL, a. Deviating from the proper order 
of time ; erroneously dated. 

AN-TI-CHRONTC-AL-LY, adv. In an antichronical maimer. 

AN-TICH'RO-NISM (an-tik'ro-nizm), n. [Gr. avn and x po- 
vos-] Deviation from the true order of time. 

AN-T1C1-PANT, a. Anticipating ; applied in medicine to pe- 
riodic diseases, each of whose attacks recurs earlier than 
the preceding. — Parr. 

AN-TIC'I-PaTE, v. t. [L. anticipo.] 1. To take, or act, be- 
fore another, so as to prevent him ; to take first possession. 
2. To take before the proper time. 3. To have a previous 
view or impression of something future. — Syn. To preoc- 
cupy ; precede ; outgo ; forestall ; foresee ; expect. 

AN-TIC'I-P A-TED, pp. Taken before ; foretasted ; foreseen ; 
precluded; prevented. 

J AN-TIC'I-P ATE-LY, adv. By anticipation. 

AN-TIC'I-Pa-TING, ppr. Taking before; foretasting; pre- 
cluding; preventing. 

AN-TIC-I-Pa'TION, n. 1. The act of taking up, placing, or 
considering something before the proper time, in natural 
order; prevention. 2. Previous view or impression of 
what is to happen afterward. 3. Previous notion; pre- 
conceived opinion produced in the mind before the truth 
i3 known ; slight previous impression. 4. The attack of a 
fever before the usual time. — Syn. Preoccupation; pre- 
clusion ; foretaste ; prelibation ; antepast ; preconception ; 
expectation; foresight; forethought. 

AN-TIC'I-P A-TlVE, a. Containing anticipation. 

AN-TIC'I-P A-TOR, n. One who anticipates. 

AN-TICI-PA-TO-RY, a Taking before the time. 

AN-TI-€Ll'MAX, n. [Gr. avn and textual-] A sentence in 
which the ideas fall or become less important and striking 
at the close ; opposed to climax. 

AN-TI-CLl'NAL, a. [Gr. avn and kXivw.] Marking inclina- 
tion in opposite directions. In geology, the anticlinal line 
or axis is the line from which the strata dip in opposite di- 
rections. — Brande. 

AN'TI€-LY, adv. In an antic manner ; with odd postures 
and gesticulations ; with fanciful appearance. 

AN'TIC-MaSK, n. A mask of antics. 

AN-TI-CON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Opposed to or against the 
constitution. — Bolingbroke. 

AN-TI-CON-STI-TU-TION-AL-IST, n. One opposed to the 
constitution. 

AN-TI-CON-Ta'6ION-IST, n. One who opposes the doc- 
trine of contagion. 

AN-TI-CON-Ta'gIOUS, a. Opposing or destroying conta- 
gion. 

ANTI-CON-VULS'lVE, a. Good against convulsions. 

ANTI-COR, n. Among farriers, an inflammation in a horse's 
throat. 

AN-TI-COS-METTC, a. Destructive or injurious to beauty. 

AN-TI-COS-METIC, n. Any preparation which injures 
beauty. 

t ANTI-C5URT, a. In opposition to the court. 

AN-TI-C5URTIER, n. One who opposes the court, or the 
measures of administration. 

AN'TI-COUS, a. [L. anticus.] In botany, turned inward to- 
ward the axis. In anthers, denoting that the line of de- 
hiscence is_ toward the pistil. — Lindley. 

AN-TI-CRE-ATOR, n. One who opposes the Creator. 

AN-TI-DEM-O-CRATIC, \ a. Opposing democracy.— 

AN-TI-DEM-O-CRATTC-AL, S Mitford. 
ANTTDo-TAL, a. That has the quality of preventing the ill 
effects of poison, or of any thing noxious. 



AN-TI-Do'TAL-LY, adv. In the manner of an antidote ; by 
way of antidote. — Brown. 

AN-T1 Do'TA-RY, a. Serving for a counter poison. 

AN'TI DOTE, n. [Gr. avndoros.] 1. A medicine to counter- 
act the effects of poison, or of any thing noxious taken into 
the stomach. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous 
effects, or to counteract the evil which something else might 
produce. — Syn. Remedy ; counteraction ; preventive. 

ANTI-D5TTC-AL, a. Serving as an antidote. 

AN-TI-D5TIC-AL-LY, adv. By way of antidote. 

AN-TI-DYS-EN-TER'IC, a. Good against the dysentery, or 
bloody flux. 

AN-TI-DYS-EN-TER'IC, n. A remedy for dysentery. 

AN-TI-DYS-U'RIC, a. Counteracting or curing dysury. 

AN-TI-E-METTG, a. [Gr. avn and eperiKOS-] Having tne 
quality of allaying vomiting. 

AN-TI-E-METTG, n. A remedy to check vomiting. 

AN-TI-EN-NE-A-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. avn, evvea, and eSpa.] In 
crystalography, having nine faces on two opposite parts 
of the crystal. 

IN'TIENT. See Ancient. 

AN-TI-EN-THU-SI-AST'IC, a. Opposing enthusiasm. 

AN'TIENT-RY (an'shent-ry), n. [More correctly, ancientry.] 
Cast of antiqtuty ; that which is ancient ; applied to lan- 
guage. 

AN-T1-EP-I-LEPTIC, a. Opposing epilepsy. 

AN-TI-E-PIS'CO-PAL, a. Adverse to episcopacy. 

AN-TI-E-VAN-<iELTC-AL, a. Contrary to orthodoxy, or the 
genuine sense of the gospel. 

ANTI-FACE, n. Opposite face. — Jonson. 

AN-TI-FA-NATTG, n. An opposer of fanaticism. 

* AN-TI-FE'BRiLE, or AN-TI-FEB'RILE, a. That has the 

quality of abating fever. 

* AN-TI-FE'BRILE, or AN-TI-FEB'RlLE, n. A medicine 
that cures, abates, or tends to allay fever. 

AN-TI-FED'ER-AL, a. Opposing the federal constitution. 

AN-TI-FED'ER-AL-ISM, n. Opposition to the ratification of 
the constitution of the United States. 

AN-TI-FED'ER-AL-IST, n. One who, at the formation of 
the constitution of the United States, opposed its adoption 
and ratification. 

AN-TI-FLATTER-ING, a. Opposite to flattering.— Delany. 

AN-TI-FLATU-LENT, a. Opposing flatulence. 

AN-TI-GA-LAC'TIC, n. A medicine which tends to dimin- 
ish the secretion of milk* 

ANTI-GRAPH, n. A copy. 

AN-TI-GUG'GLER, n. A crooked tube of metal, used t€ pre- 
vent the gurgling of a bottle. 

AN-TI-HEGTIG, a. [Gr. avn and hnKoS.] That has th« 
quality of opposing or curing hectical disorders. 

AN-TI- HECTIC, n. A medicine that is good in the cure of 
hectic disorders. 

AN-TI-He'LIX, n. The semi-circular prominence of the ex- 
ternal ear, situated before and within the helix. 

AN-TI-HYP-NOT'r€, a. [Gr. avn and hnvos.] Counteract- 
ing sleep ; tending to prevent sleep or lethargy. 

AN-TI-HYP-NOT'IC, n. A medicine that prevents or tends 
to prevent sleep. — Coxe. 

AN-TI-HYP-O-CHON'DRI-AC, a. [Gr. avn and hnoxovfyia- 
kos-] That counteracts, or tends to cure, hypochondriac 
affections. 

AN-TI-HYP-O-CHON'DRI-AC, n. A remedy ibr hypochon- 
driac affections and low spirits. 

AN-TI-HY-POPH'O-RA, n. [Gr. avn and bvocpopa.] In rhet- 
oric, a figure, which consists in refuting an objection by 
the opposition of a contrary sentence. 

AN-TI-HYS-TEPv/IC, a. [Gr. avn and hartpa.] Counteract- 
ing hysterics. 

AN-TI-HYS-TER'IC, n. A medicine that cures or counter- 
acts hysterical affections. 

AN-TI-LITH'IC, a. [Gr. avn and \iQoS-] Tending to prevent 
the formation of stone in the bladder, or to remove it 
when formed. 

AN-TI-LITH'IC, a. [Gr. avn and AtGoS-] A remedy against 
stone in the bladder. 

AN-TI-LITH-O-TRIPTIST, n. One opposing lithotripsy. 

AN-TI-LOG'A-RITHM, n. The complement of a logarithm ; 
or, more generally, the number which a logarithm repre- 
sents. — P. Cyc. 

AN-TIL/0-6Y, n. [Gr. avri and \oyoS-] A contradiction be- 
tween any words or passages in an aiithor. 

AN-TI-LOI'MIC, a. [Gr.avrt and Xotp.oS-] Pertaining to rem- 
edies against the plague. — Brande. 

t AN-TIL'O-QUIST, n. A contradictor.— Diet. 

t AN-TIL'O-QUY, n. [Gr. avn, and L. loquor.] An old word, 
denoting preface, proem, or peroration. 

t AN-TI-MA-GISTRIC-AL, a. Opposed to the office of mag- 
istrates. — South. 

AN-TI-Ma'NI-AC, \ a. Counteracting or curing madness 

AN-TI-MA-Nl'AG-AL, 5 or phrensy. 

ANTI-MASK, n. A lesser mask, in distinction from the prin- 
cipal or main mask. — Bacon. 

AN-TI-Ma'SON, n. One opposed to freemasonry. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— x, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



ANT 

AN-TI-MA-SON'IC, a. Opposing freemasonry. 

AN-TI-MI'SON-RY, n. Opposition to freemasonry. 

AN-TI-ME-TAB'O-LE (an-te-me-tab'o-ly), n. [Gr. avn and 
IxeraSuXrj.] In rhetoric, a setting of two things in opposition 
to each other. 

AN-TI-ME-TATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. avn and ^TaOscM.] In rhet- 
oric, an inversion of the parts or members of an antithesis. 

AN-TIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. avn and /xerpov.] An optical in- 
strument for measuring angles. 

AN-TI-MET'RIG-AL, a. Contrary to the rules of meter or 
verse. 

AN-TI-MIN-IS-TE'RI-AL, a. Opposed to the ministry, or ad- 
ministration of government. 

AN-TI-M1N-IS-Te'RI-AL-IST, n. One that opposes the min- 
istry. 

AN-TI-MO-NIRGHTG-AL, a. Opposed to monarchy ; that 
opposes a kingly government. 

AN-TI-MO-NARGH'IG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being 
opposed to monarchy. 

AN-TI-MON'ARGH-IST, n. An enemy to monarchy. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to antimony ; composed of 
antimony, or partaking of its qualities. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, n. A preparation of antimony ; a medicine 
in which antimony is a principal ingredient. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-aTE, n. A compound or salt composed of an- 
timonic acid and a base. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-a-TED. a. Partaking of antimony; mixed or 
prepared with antimony. 

AN-TI-MON'IG, a. Pertaining to antimony. 

AN-TI-MON'IG ACID, n. An acid composed of two equiv- 
alents of antimony and five of oxygen. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-OUS ACID, n. An acid consisting of two 
equivalents of antimony and four of oxygen. 

AN'TI-MO-NlTE, ti. A compound of antimonious acid and 
a base. 

AN'TI-MO-NY, n. [Fr. antimoine.] Primarily, a metallic ore, 
consisting of sulphur combined with a metal. The sul- 
phuret of antimony, the stibium of the Romans, is a black- 
ish mineral, which stains the hands ; hard, brittle, full of 
long, shining, needle-like stria:, and used in medicine and 
the arts. 

AN-TI-MOR'AL-IST, n. An opposer of morality. 

AN-TI-Mu'SIC-AL, a. Opposed to music ; having no ear for 
music. — Amer. Review 

AN-TI-NE-PHRITTG, a. Counteracting diseases of the kid- 
aeys. 

AN-TI-NE-PHRITIG, n. A medicine that tends to remove 
diseases of the kidneys. 

AN-TI-No'MI-AN, a. [Gr. avn and vojxog.} Against the law ; 
pertaining to the Antinomians. 

AN-TI-No'MI-AN, n. One of a sect who maintain, that, un- 
der the gospel dispensation, the law is of no use or obliga- 
tion ; or who hold doctrines which supersede the necessity 
of good works and a virtuous life. 

AN-TI-No'MI-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of the Antinomians. 

* AN'TI-NO-MIST, n. One who pays no regard to the law, 

or to good works. 

* AN'TI-NO-MY, n. 1. A contradiction between two laws, 

or between two parts of the same law. 2. A law or other 
things which is opposite or contrary. — Milton. 

AN-TI-o'CHI-AN, a. Pertaining to Antiochus, the founder 
of a 6ect of philosophers. 

AN-TI-PI'PAL, a. Opposing popery. 

AN-TI-PA-PIST'IG, ? a. Opposed to popery or papacy. 

AN-TI-P A-PISTTG-AL, J —Jortin. 

AN-TI-PAR'AL-LEL, a. Running in a contrary direction. — 
Hammond. 

AN-TI-P AR-A-LyTIG, a. Good against the palsy. 

AN-TI-P AR-A-LyTIG, n. A remedy for the palsy. 

AN-TI-PA-THETIG, \ a. Having a natural contrariety, or 

AN-TI-P A-THETIG-AL, { constitutional aversion to a thing. 

AN-TI-P A-THETIG-AL-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
having an aversion or contrariety to a thing. 

AN-TI-P ATH'IG, a. [Gr. avn and irados.] Having opposite 
affections. — In medicine, the same as allopathic. 

AN-TIP'A-THOUS, a. Adverse ; having a natural contrariety. 

AN-TIP'A-THY, n. [Gr. avn and rrados.) 1. Instinctive con- 
trariety or opposition in feeling ; an aversion felt at the 
presence, real or ideal, of a particular object. — 2. In ethics, 
antipathy is hatred, aversion, or repugnancy; hatred to 
persons ; aversion to persons or things ; repugnancy to 
actions. — 3. In physics, a contrariety in the properties or 
affections of matter, as of oil and water. — Stn. Aversion ; 
dislike ; disgust ; distaste ; repugnance ; contrariety ; op- 
position. 

AN-TI-PI-TRI-OTTG, or AN-TI-P AT-RI-OTTG, a. Not pa- 
triotic ; opposing the interests of one's country. 

AN-TI-PE-DO-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. avn, ttoiS, natdos, and /iair- 
tjCw.] One who is opposed to the baptism of infants. 

AN-TI-PE-RI-ODTG, n. In medicine, a remedy against the 
return of periodic diseases, as intermittents. 

AN-TI-PER-I-STAL'TIG, a. Opposite to peristaltic ; coun- 
teracting peristaltic motion. 



The 
op- 



ANT 

l AN-TI-PE-RIS'l A-SIS, n. [Gr. avn and * epicracns.] ' 
opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality 
posed acquires strength. 

AN-TI-PER-I-STAT'IG, a. Pertaining to antiperistasis. 

AN-TI-PES-TI-LEN'TIAL, a. Counteracting contagion or 
infection. 

AN-TI-PHLO-GIS'TIAN (an-te-flo-jis'chan), n. An oppose? 
of the theory of phlogiston . 

AN-TI-PHLO-GlSTIG, a. Counteracting preternatural heat; 
opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston. 

AN-TI-PHLO-GlS'TIG, n. Any medicine or diet which tends 
to counteract preternatural heat. 

AN'TI-PHON, n. The chant or alternate singing in choira 
of cathedrals. 

AN-TIPH'ON-AL ") 

AN TI PHON'IG ' > a ' Pertainin g to antiphony or altera 

AN-TI-PHON'IG-AL, $ ate ^g^fr 

AN-TIPH'O-NAL (an-tif'o-nal), n. A book of antiphons oi 
anthems. 

AN-TIPH'O-NA-RY, n. [Gr. avn and (poovrj.] A service book 
in the Roman Catholic Church. 

AN-TIPH'O-NER, n. A book of anthems or antiphons.- 
Chaucer. 

AN-TIPH'O-NY (an-tif'o-ny), n. [Gr. avn and Qwvr,.] 1. The 
answer of one choir to another, when an anthem or psalm 
is sung alternately by two choirs ; alternate singing. 2. A 
6pecies of psalmody, when a congregation is divided into 
two parts, and each sings the verses alternately. 3. The 
words given out at the beginning of a psalm, to which 
both the choirs are to accommodate their singing. 4. A 
musical composition of several verses, extracted from dif- 
ferent psalms. 

AN-TIPHRA-SIS (an-tif'ra-sis), n. [Gr. avn and <ppaoi$.] 
The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper 
meaning. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'TIG, \a. Pertaining to antiphrasis. • 

AN-TI-PHRAS'TIG-AL, j Ash. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'TIG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an an- 
tiphrasis. 

AN-TI-PHYS'IG-AL, a. Contrary to physics or to nature. 

AN-TIP'O-DAL, a. Pertaining to the antipodes, or those 
who have their feet directly opposite. 

* AN'TI-PODE, n. ; pi. AN'TI-PODES or AN-TIP'O-DeS. 
[Gr. avn and novg, Trodog.] One who lives on the oppo- 
site side of the globe, and, of course, whose feet are di- 
rectly opposite to ours. 

AN-TI-Po'DE-AN, a. The same as antipodal. 

AN-TI-POIS'ON (an-te-poy'zn), n. An antidote for poison. 

AN'TI-PoPE, n. One who usurps the papal power, in op- 
position to the pope^ 

AN'TI-PoRT, n. An outward gate or door. 

AN-TI-PRE-LATIG-AL, a. Adverse to prelacy. 

AN'TI-PRIeST, n. An opposer or enemy of priests. 

AN-TI-PRIeST'GRaFT, n. Opposition to priestcraft 

AN-TI-PRIN'CI-PLE, n. An opposite principle. 

AN-TI-PROPH'ET (an-te-prof 'et), n. An enemy or opposer 
of prophets. 

AN-TIP-SOR'IG, a. [Gr.] Efficacious in curing the itch. 

* AN-TIP-To'SIS, n. [Gr. avn and tttidvis.] In grammar, 
the putting of one case for another. 

AN-TI-Pu'RI-TAN, n. An opposer of Puritans. 

AN-TI-Q.Ua'RL-AN, a. Pertaining to antiquaries, or to an- 
tiquity. As a noun, this is used for antiquary. 

AN-TI-QUa'RI-AN-ISM, n. Love of antiquities. 

ANTI-QUA-RY, n. [L. antiquarius.] One who studies into 
the history of ancient things, as statutes, coins, medals, 
paintings, inscriptions, books, and manuscripts, or search- 
es for them, and explains their origin and purport ; one 
versed in antiquity. 

AN'TI-QJJaTE, v. t. [L. antiquo.] To make old, or obso- 
lete ; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use. 
Hence, when applied to laws or customs, it denotes to 
make void, or abrogate. 

AN'TI-QUA-TED, pp. or a. Grown old; obsolete; out of 
use ; having lost its binding force by non-observance. 

AN'TI-QUa-TED-NESS, n, The state of being old, or obso- 
lete. 

AN'TI-OUATE-NESS, n. The state of being obsolete. 

AN-TI-QJJa'TION, n. The state of being antiquated. 

AN-TiiQUE' (an-teek 7 ), a. [Fr.] 1. Old ; ancient ; of genuine 
antiquity. 2. Old, as it respects the present age, or a mod- 
ern period of time ; of old fashion. 3. Odd ; wild ; fan- 
tastic ; more generally written antic. — Syn. Antiquated ; 
old-fashioned ; obsolete. 

AN-TiQUE' (an-teekO, n. In general, any thing very old ; 
but, in a more limited sense, the remains of ancient artists, 
as busts, statues, paintings, and vases, the works of Gre- 
cian and Roman antiquity. 

AN-Ti'QUE'LY, adv. In an antique manner. 

AN-TiQUE-NESS (an-teek'nes), n. The quality of being 
antique ; an appearance of ancient origin and workman- 
ship. 

AN-TIQTJI-TY (an-tik'we-te), n. [L. antiquitas.] 1. Ancient 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS ;— G as K ; 6 as J ; 8 as Z ; GH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ANT 



48 



APA 



times ; former ages ; times long since past. 2. The an- 
cients ; the people of ancient times ; as, the fact is admit- 
ted by all antiquity. 3. Ancientness ; great age ; the qual- 
ity of being ancient 4. Old age. — Shak. 5. The re- 
mains of ancient times ; [in this sense usually or always 
plural.] 

AN-TI-REV-O-Lfj'TION-A-RY, a. Opposed to a revolution ; 
opposed to an entire change in the form of government. — 
Burke. 

AN-TI-REV-0-LuTION-lST, n. One who is opposed to a 
revolution in government. 

AN-TI-RHE U-MATI€ (-ru-mafik), a. Efficacious in cases of 
rheumatism. 

AN-TI-SAB-BA-TX'RI-AN, n. One of a sect who oppose the 
observance of the Christian Sabbath. 

AN-TI-Sa'BI-AN, a. Opposed or contrary to Sabianism, or 
the wo/ship of the celestial orbs. 

AN-TI-SAC-ER-Do'TAL, a. Adverse to priests. 

AN-TIS'CIANS, ? n. pi. [L. antiscii.] In geography, the in- 

AN-TIS'CI-I, ) habitants of the eartb, living on different 
sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in 
contrary directions. 

AN-TiIIoR-Btj'tiI- AL, \ a ' Counteracting the scurvy. 

AN-TI-S€OR-BuTI€, n. A remedy for the scurvy. 

r ANTI-SCRIPT, n, Opposition in writing to some other 
writing. 

AN-TI-SCRIPTUR-AL, a. Not accordant with the Sacred 
Scriptures. 

AN-TI-SCRIPTUR-ISM, n. ' Opposition to the Holy Scrip- 
tures. — Boyle. 

AN-TI-S€RIPTtJR-IST, n. One who denies revelation.— 
Boyle. 

AN-TI-SEPTIC, a. [Gr. avjri and nn-ros.] Opposing or re- 
sisting putrefaction ; counteracting a putrescent tendency 
in the system. 

ANTI-SEPTIC, n. A medicine which resists or corrects 
putrefaction. 

ANTI-SLaV'ER-Y, n. Opposition to slavery. 

AN-TI-So'CIAL, a. 1. Averse to society ; that tends to in- 
terrupt or destroy social intercourse. 2. Hostile to the 
existence of society ; as, antisocial principles. 

AN-TIS'PA-SIS, n. [Gr. avn and <nfuioJ A revulsion of flu- 
ids from one part of the body to another. 

AN-TI-SPAS-MOD'IC, a. [Gr. avn and n-a^^oi.] Opposing 
spasm ; resisting convulsions ; as anodynes. 

AN-TI-SPAS-MODTG, n. A remedy for spasms or convul- 
sions. 

AN'TI-SPAST, ) n. In prosody, a foot of four syllables, 

AN-TI-SPASTUS, 3 in which the first and last are short, 
and the two middle ones long. 

ANTI-SPASTIC, a. 1. Causing a revulsion of fluids or hu- 
mors. — Johnson. 2. Counteracting spasms ; antispas- 
modic. 

ANTI-SPASTIC, n. 1. In old writers, a medicine supposed 
to act by causing a revulsion of the humors. 2. A remedy 
which counteracts spasm ; an antispasmodic. 

ANTI-SPLEN'ET-IG, a. Good as a remedy in diseases of 
the spleen. — Johnson. 

AN-TIS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avn and araats.] In oratory, the 
defense of an action from the consideration that, if it had 
been omitted, something worse would have happened. 

AN-TIS'TeS, n. [L.] The chief priest or prelate. 

ANTISTRO-PHE, n. [Gr. avn and arpocprj.] 1. la. grammar, 
the changing of tilings mutually depending on each other; 
reciprocal conversion. 2. Among the ancients, that part 
of a song or dance, before the altar, which was performed 
by turning from the left to the right, in opposition to the 
strophe. Hence, a stanza or portion of ancient poetry, 
following the strophe, and corresponding to it. 

ANTI-STROPH'IC, a. Belonging to the antistrophe. 

AN-TIS'TRO-PHON, n. A figure which repeats a word 
often. — Milton. 

AN-TI-STRU-MAT'I€, \ a. [L. and and struma.] Good 

AN-TI-STRu'MOUS, $ against scrofulous disorders. 

AN-TI-SYPH I-LITTC, a. Efficacious against syphilis, or the 
venereal r\sease. 

ANTI-THeISM, n. Opposition to the belief of a God.— 
Chalme s. 

ANTI-TrlE-IST, n. One who opposes the belief of a God. 

AN-TT PHE-ISTIC-AL, a. Opposing the belief of a God. 

AN-TITHE-ISTIC-AL-LY, adv. By opposing the belief in 

a God. 
AN -TITHE-SIS, n. \G^ dvTiOems.] 1. Inrhetoric, an oppo^ 
sition of words n sentiments ; contrast ; as, " the prodi- 
gal robs his h^,, the miser robs himself." 2. Opposition of 
opinions • .untroversy. 
AN-TI-TKETTG, 1 a. Pertaining to antithesis ; contain- 
AN-TT THET'IC-AL, 5 ing or abounding with antithesis. 
AN-TI-THET'I€-AL-LY. adv. By antithesis.— Byron. 
AN-TITH'E-TON, n. [Gr. avridirdv.] An opposite. 
AN-TIT'RA-GUS, n. A prominence on the lower posterior 
portion of the external ear, opposite the tragus. 



ANTITRIN-ITa'RI-AN, n. One who denies the trinity, or 
the existence of three persons in the Godhead. 

ANTITRIN-ITa'RI-AN, a. Opposing the trinity. 

AN-TITRIN-ITaTJ-AN-ISM, n. A denial of the trinity. 

AN-TITRO-PAL, > a. [Gr. aim and tOettu).] In botauv, a 

AN-TIT'RO-POUS, j term denoting that the embryo is in- 
verted with respect to the seed. — Lindley. 

ANTI-TYPE, n. [Gr. avrtrvrcov.] That of which the type is 
the pattern or prefiguration. Thus, the paschai iamb, ia 
Scripture, is the type, of which Christ is the o.ntitype. 

AN-TI-TYP'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to an antitype ; explaining 
the type. — Johnson, 

ANTI-TYP'IC-AL-LY, adv. By way of ancitype. 

AN-Tl-VA-Rl'O-LOUS, a. Preventing tt^e contagion of the 
small-pox. 

AN-TI-VE-Ne'RE-AL, a. Resisting venereal poison. 

ANTLER, n. A start or branch of a horn, especially of the 
horns of the cervine animals, as of the stag or moose. 

ANTLER.ED, a. Furnished with antlers. 

ANTLlKE, a. Resembling ants. 

AN-TOZ'Cl, n. pi. [Gr. avn and oucew.] Those inhabitants of 
the earth who live under the same meridian, and at the 
same distance from the equator ; the one toward the north, 
andthe other toward the south. See Antecian. 

AN-To'NI-AN. a. Noting certain medicinal waters in Ger 
many, at or near Tonstein. 

AN-TON-O-MI'SIA, n, [Gr. avn and ovoua.] The use of the 
name of some office, dignity, profession, science, or trade, 
instead of the true name of the person ; as when his maj- 
esty is used for a king. Or, conversely, the use of a proper 
name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is 
called a Cato. 

ANTON-0-MASTIC-AL-LY, adv. By the figure antono- 
masia. 

t ANTRE, n. [L. antrum.] A cavern. — Shak. 

AN-U'BIS, n. An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed 
spirits, and represented by a human figure, with the head 
of a dog or a fox. 

A'NUS, n. The opening of the body by which excrement i3 
expelled. 

AN'VIL, n. [Sax. anf.lt, anfilt.] An iron block with a smooth 
face, on which smiths hammer and shape their wmk. 
Figuratively, any thing on which blows are laid. — ShaK 
To be on the anvil, is to be in a state of discussion, forma 
tion, or preparation. 

AN'VIL£D, a. Wrought on an anvil. 

ANX-I'E-TUDE, n. Anxiety ; solicitude. [ Little used.] 

ANX-I'E-TY (ang-zi'e-ty), n. [L. anxictas.] 1. Concern re- 
specting some event, future or uncertain, which disturbs 
the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness. — 2. 
In medical language, unceasing restlessness in sickness. 
— Syn. Solicitude ; care ; foreboding ; uneasiness ; per- 
plexity ; disquietude ; disquiet ; watchfulness ; restless- 
ness. 

ANX'IOUS (ank'shus), a. 1. Greatly concerned or solicitous 
respecting something future or unknown ; being in pain- 
ful suspense. 2. Full of solicitude, applied to things; as, 
anxious forebodings. 3. Very desirous ; as, anxious to 
satisfy. Followed by for or about, in respect to the ob- 
ject. — Syn. Solicitous ; careful ; uneasy ; unquiet ; rest- 
less ; concerned ; disturbed ; watchful. 

ANX'IOUS-LY, adv. In an anxious manner ; solicitously ; 
carefully, unquietly. 

ANXTOUS-NESS (ank'shus-nes), n. The quality of being 
anxious ; great solicitude. — Johnson. 

AN'Y (en'ny), a. [Sax. anig, anig ; D. eenig; Ger. einig.] 1. 
One, indefinitely. 2. Some ; an indefinite number, plurally. 
3. Some ; an indefinite quantity ; a small portion. 4. It is 
often used as a substitute, the person or thing being un 
derstood. It is used in opposition to none. 

AHY-WlSE (en'ny-wize). Sometimes used adverbially, 
but the two words may be separated, and used with a 
preposition, in any wise. 

A.-o'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the muses, or to Aonia, in Bceotia. 

a'O-RIST, n. [Gr. aoOioros.] The name of certain tenses in 
the grammar of the Greek language, which express an 
action as completed in past time, but leave it in other re- 
spects wholly indeterminate. 

A-O-RISTTG, a. Indefinite ; pertaining to an aorist, or in 

_ definite tense. 

A-ORTA, n. [Gr. aoprr).] The great artery, or trunk of the 
arterial system, proceeding from the left ventricle of the 
heart, and giving origin to all the arteries, except the pu 
monary arteries. 

A.-ORT1C ' S °" ^ ertam i n g to t ne aorta, or great artery. 

A-PaCE' adv. With a quick pace ; quick ; fast ; speedily ; 
with haste ; hastily. 

AP'A-Go-gE, n. [Gr. from a-nay id.] l."In logic, abduction;" a 
kind of argument, wherein the greater extreme is evi- 
dently contained in the medium, but the medium nut so 
evidently in the lesser extreme as not to require further 
proof. Enc. — 2. In mathematics, a progress from one prop- 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PKEY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE, EOOPI. 



APF 



49 



APO 



ositlori to another, when the first, being proved, is used to 
prove others. — 3. In Athenian law, the carrying to a 
magistrate of one caught in the act of transgression. 

kP-A-G06TC-AL, a. An apagogical demonstration is an in- 
direct way of proof, by showing the absurdity or impossi- 
Dility of the contrary ; corresponding to the reductio ad 
absurdum or ad impossibile. 

AP-A-LACPH-AN, a. Pertaining to the Apalaches, a tribe of 
Indians in the western part of Georgia ; and to the south- 
ern extremity of the Alleg:anean ridges. 

APAN-AgE. See Appanage. 

A-PAN'TPIRO-PY, n. [Gr. a ~o and avdpuizos.] An aversion 
to the company of men ; a love of solitude. 

AP-A-RITH'ME-SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, enumeration. 

A-PaRT, adv. [Fr. aparte.] 1. Separately ; at a distance ; 
in a state of separation, as to place. 2. In a state of dis- 
tinction, as to purpose, use, or character. 3. Distinctly ; 
separately. 4. Aside ; in exclusion of. 

A-PaRTMENT, n. [Fr. apartement.] A room in a building ; 
a division in a house, separated from others by partitions ; 
a place separated by inclosure. 

AP-A-THET'I€, ) a. Void of feeling ; free from passion ; 

AP-A-THET'IG-AL, $ insensible.— Harris. 

AP'A-THIST, n. One destitute of feeling. 

AP'A-THY, n. [Gr. a and Tradoi.] Want of feeling ; an utter 
privation of passion, or insensibility to pain. — Syn. Insen- 
sibility ; unfeelingness ; indiifrrence ; unconcern. 

AP'A-TlTE, n. Native phosphate of lime. It usually occurs 
in six-sided prisms, of a green or greenish color, resem- 
bling beryl but much softer. 

IPE, n. [D. aap; Dan. abe; Sax., Sw., and Ir. apa; Ice. ape.] 
1. A genus of quadrupeds, found in the torrid zone of 
both continents, of a great number of species. In common 
use, the word extends to all the tribe of monkeys and 
baboons. 2. One who imitates servilely, in allusion to the 
manners of the ape ; a silly fellow. 

IPE, v. t. To imitate servilely ; to mimic. 

A PE AK.', adv. 1. On the point ; in a posture to pierce. — 2. 
In seamen's language, perpendicular. 

AP'EN-NINE, a. [L. Apenninus.] Pertaining to or designa- 
ting a chain of mountains which extends through Italy. 

A P ENGINES?'*, pi. I A Chain of momitains ™ ItaJ y- 

A-PEP'SY, n. [Gr. a and irennts) Defective digestion ; indi- 
gestion. — Core. 

i 'PER, n. 1. One who apes. 2. [L.] In zoology, the wild boar. 

4 PE'RI-ENT, a. [L. aperiens.] Opening ; deobstruent ; lax- 
ative. 

i-PETlI-ENT, n. A medicine which promotes excretions ; 
a laxative ; a deobstruent. 

1-PER'I-TiVE, a. Opening ; deobstruent ; aperient 

i A-PERT, a. [L. apertus.] Open ; evident ; undisguised. 

4.-PERTION, n. The act of opening ; the state of being 
opened ; an opening ; a gap. [Little used.] 

A-PERTLY, adv. Openly.— Bale. [Little used.] 

A-PERTNES8, n. Openness. [Rarely used.] 

A-PERT'OR n. A muscle that raises the upper eye-lid. 

AP'ER-TURE, n. 1. The act of opening : an opening ; a 
passage perforated. 2. An opening of meaning ; explana- 
tion ; [not used.] Taylor. — Syn. Passage ; cleft ; gap ; 
opening; hole. 

IP'ER-Y, n. The practice of aping.— Coleridge. 

A-PET'AL-OUS, a. In botany, having no petals, or flower- 
leaves ; having no corol. 

A-PETAL-OUS-NESS, n. A state of being without petals. 

A'PEX, n.; pi. APEXES. [L. apex; pL apices.] The tip, 
point, or summit of any thing. 

A-PEL£R'E-SIS, \ (af-ere-sis), n. [Gr. airo and n \pzut.] 1. The 

A-PHER/E-SIS, 5 taking of a letter or syllable from the 
beginning of a word. — 2. In the healing 'art, the removal 
of any thing noxious. — In surgery, amputation. 

A-PHAN'ES-lTE, n. [Gr. a<pavr]S.] A copper ore, of a dark 
bluish green, consisting of arsenic acid and oxyd of cop- 
per. 

APH-AN-IS"TI€, a. [Gr. atyavns.] In mineralogy, indistinct. 

APHA-NlTE, n. In mineralogy, a very compact, dark-col- 
ored rock, consisting mostly of hornblende. 

A-PHeLTON, n. [Gr. arro and f,\ios.] That point of a plan- 
et's orbit which is most distant from the sun ; opposed to 
perihelion. 

t A-PHe'TA, n. The name of a planet, supposed by astrol- 
ogists to be the giver of life in a nativity. — Diet. 
A-PHETTC-AL, a. Relating to the apheta. 

IPH-I-DIV'O-ROUS, a. Eating, devouring, or subsisting on 
the aphis, or plant-louse. 

i-PHI-LANTHRO-PY. n. [Gr. a and titiavOpuxia.] Want 
of love to mankind. — In medicine, the first stage of melan- 
choly, when solitude is preferred to society. 

i'PHIS, -i. In zoology, the puceron, vine-fretter, or plant- 
louse ; a genus of insects, belonging to the order of he- 
miptera. 
iPH-LO-GlSTI-G (af-lo-jis'tik), a. [Gr. a and QXoyirrbs.] 
Flameless ; as, an aphlogistic lamp. 

D6VE;— ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUrf.— C a * 
D 



APH'O-NY (af o-ne), n. [Gr. a and <f>u>vn.] A loss of voice, , 
dumbness. 

APH'O-RISM (af'o-rizm), n. [Gr. acpopKr/xos.] A precept 07 
principle expressed in a few words ; a detached sentence 
containing some important truth. — Syn. Apophthegm ; 
adage ; maxim ; proverb : precept ; saying. 

APH'O-RISM-ER, n. A dealer in aphorisms. 

t APH'O-RIST, n. A writer of aphorisms. — Nelson. 

APH-O-RIST'IG, I a. In the form of an ephorism ; i& 

APH-0-RISTT€-AL, S the form of short, unconnected sen- 
tences. 

APH-0-RIST1C-AL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of 
aphorisms. 

APIPRlTE, n. [Gr. a$poS-] An earthy variety of carbonate 
of lime, having a silvery lustre. It is the silvery chalk of 
Kirwan. 

APH'RI-ZITE, n. A variety of black tourmalin. 

APH-RO-DIS'I_-A€, >o. [Gr. aQpoSimos.] Exciting vene- 

APH-RO-DI-Sl'A-G-AL, j real desire ; increasing the appe- 
tite for sexual connection. 

APH-RO-DIS'I-A€. n. A provocative to venery. 

APH-RO-Dl'TA, n. In zoology, a genus of marine annelids, 
characterized by two rows of membranous scales along 
the back. See Annelid. 

APH-RO-DTTE, n. [Gr.] A name of Venus. 

APH'RO-DlTE,_7i. [Gr. A<ppo5tTri.] A follower of Venus. 

APH-THITA-LlTE, n. A compound salt, consisting princi 
pally of the sulphates of potash and soda, and common 
salt, formed by volcanic action at Vesuvius. 

APH'THONG, n. [Gr. a-rro and d>9oyyos.] A letter or com- 
bination of letters, which, in the customary pronunciation 
of a word, have no sound. 

APH'THOUS, a. [Gr. a<pdai.] Pertaining to thrush ; of the 
nature of thrush, or ulcerous affections of the mouth. 
Bigelow. 

APHYL-LOUS, a. [Gr. a and (bvXXov, folium.] In botany 
destitute of leaves. 

a'PI-A-RIST, n. One who keeps an apiary. — Kirby. 

a'PI-A-RY, n. [L. apiarium.] The place where bees are 
kept ; a stand or shed for bees. 

a'PI-AS-TER, 7t. The bird belonging to the species nerrys. 
or bee-eater. 

AP1-CES, > „ , 

a'PEX-ES, 5 e APEX - 

A-PIG'U-La-TED, a. Terminated abruptly by a sinal!, di? - 
tinct point, as a leaf. 

A-PIeCE', adv. To each; noting the share of each 

A-PIe'CES, adv. In pieces. — Beaumont. 

a'PIS, n. In mythology, an ox, worshiped in ancient Egyjr 
as a divinity. 

a'PIS, n. [L.] In zoology, the bee, a genus of insects. 

APISH, a. Having the qualities of an ape ; inclined to lm 
itate in a servile manner ; hence, foolish ; foppish ; affect- 

_ ed: trifling. 

aP'ISH-LY, adv. In an apish manner; with servile imita- 
tion ; foppishly. 

aP'LSH-NESS, n. The quality of being apish ; mimicry ; 
| foppery. 
] A-PITTAT, adv. With quick beating or palpitation ; a word 

formed from the sound, pit and pat, or from beat. 
J AP-LA-NATI-G, a. [Gr. a and nXavau).] An aplanatic tele- 
scope is one which entirely corrects the aberration of 
c olor in the rays of light. 

A-PLAS'TI€, a. Not plastic or easily molded. 

AP'LOME, n. [Gr. c-Aocs.] A mineral closely allied to 
garnet. 

A-PLUS'TRE, n. [L.] An ornament of planks rising from 
the stern of ancient ships, by the side of which rose a pole, 
with a flag or ribbons attached, to indicate the course of 
the wind. 

A-PO€A-LyPSE, to. [Gr. airoKalvrtTw.] Revelation ; di.«- 
covery; disclosure. The name of a book of the New 
Testament. 

A-PO€-A-LYP'TJ€, \a. 1. Containing or pertaining to 

A-PO€-A-LYP'TI€-AL, 5 revelation ; disclosing. 2. Per- 
taining to the apocalypse. 

A-PO€-A-LYP'TI€-AL-LY, adv. 1. By revelation ; in the 
manner of disclosure. 2. In relation to the apocalypse. 

AP-O-^aRP'OUS, a. [Gr. ,,-rro and icap-oS-] In botany, a terra 
denoting that the carpels of a compound pistil are either 
entirely or partially distinct. — Lindley. 

A-PO€'0-PITE, v. t. To cut off or drop the last letter or 
syllable of a word. 

A-PO€'0-PI-TED, pp. Shortened by the omission of the 
last letter or syllable. 

A-PO€'0-P2-TING, ppr. or a. Cutting off or omitting the la?t 
letter or syllable. 

A-FOCO-PE, n. [Gr. airoicoi:ri.] The cutting off or omission 
of the last letter or syllable of a word. 

A-PO€'PJ-SI-A-RY, J m. [Gr.a-oxpiGiS.] Anciently, a re* 
'■ A-FOC-PJ-SI-a'FJ-US, 5 ident at the emperor's court at 
Coi?.-t<intinople, in the name of a foreign church or bishop, 
particularly the pope, answering to the modern nuncio. ' 

K : 6 ■«> -T : 8 as Z ; ell as SH ; TH as in this. + OhsoleU ~ 



APO 



50 



APO 



*P-0-€RUSTT€, a. [Gr. ano/cpovoTiKa.] Astringent ; re- 
pelling. 

AP-O-GRUSTTG, n. A medicine which constringes and re- 
pels the humors ; a repellent. 

A-PO€'RY-PHA, n. [Gr. rnoKpvirTO).] Literally, such things 
as are not published ; but in an appropriate sense, books 
whose authenticity, as inspired writings, is not admitted. 

A-PO€'RY-PHAL, a. Pertaining to the apocrypha ; not 
canonical ; of uncertain authority or credit ; false ; ficti- 
tious. 

A-POG'RY-PHAL-LY, adv. Uncertainly ; not indisputably. 

A-POCRY-PHAL-NESS, n. Uncertainty as to authenticity ; 
doubtfulness of credit, or genuineness. 

AP'O-DAL, a. Without feet. — In zoology, destitute of ven- 
tral fins ; applied to an order of fishes. 

AP'ODES, n.pl. [Gr. a and ttovS, -rrocios.] A term applied to 
animals, particularly certain fabulous birds, supposed to 
have no legs, and also to some birds whose legs are very 
short. — In zoology, an order of fishes, which have no ven- 
tral fins. 

AP-O-DICTIG, I a. [Gr. uTroSaliS.] Demonstrative; evi- 

AP-O-DIG'TIG-AL, 5 dent beyond contradiction ; clearly 
proving. 

AP-O-DIC'TIG-AL-LY, adv. So as to be evident beyond 
contradiction. 

* AP-O-DIX'IS, n. Demonstration.— Sir G. Buck. 
A-POD'O-SIS, n. [Gr.] In grammar, the principal clause of 

a conditional sentence, expressing the result, as distin- 
guished from the protasis, which expresses the condition. 
Thus, in the sentence, " Though He slay me, yet will I 
trust in Him," the latter clause is the apodosis, and the 
former is the protasis. By some grammarians, this dis- 
tinction is not confined to conditional sentences, but is 
extended to others similarly constructed. 

AP-O-DY-Te'RI-UM, n. [Gr. aTvo8vrepiov.] A dressing-room. 

AP'O-AEE, n. [L. apcgeon, apogeum.] That point in the or- 
bit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the 
earth. 

A-Po'GON, n. A fish of the Mediterranean, belonging to 
a eub-genus of fishes subordinate to the genus perca 
(perch). 

AP'O-GRAPH (ap'o-graf), n. [Gr. a-noypafyov.] An exem- 
plar ; a copy or transcript. 

A-POL-LI-NaHI-AN, a. [From Apollo.] The Apollinarian 
games were celebrated in honor of Apollo. 

A-POL-LI-Na'RI-ANS, n. pi. Followers of Apollinaris of 
Laodicea, who denied Christ's humanity. 

APOL'LO, n. A deity among the Greeks and Romans, and 
worshiped under the name of Phoebus, or the sun, as the 
god of day. He was the presiding deity of archery, 
prophecy, music, and medicine, and president and protect- 
or of the Muses. 

A- POL'LO-BEL-VI-DeRE'. An ancient statue of Apollo, in 
the Belvidere Gallery of the Vatican, at Rome, consid- 
ered one of feu noblest representations of the human 
frame. 

A-POLLYON, n. [Gr. atroXXvuv .] The destroyer; a name 
used Rev., ix., 11, for the angel of the bottomless pit. 

A-POL-0-6ETIG, ?«. [Gr. mroXoyeonai.] Defending by 

A-POL 0-6ETIC-AL, 3 words or arguments ; excusing ; 
said or written in defense, or by way of apology. 

A-POL-O-GETIC-AL-LY, adv. By way of apology. 

A-POL O-GETTGS, n. That branch of theology which de- 
fends the Holy Scripturss, and sets forth the evidence of 
their divine authority. 

A-POL'0-6IST, n. One who makes an apology ; one who 
speaks or writes in defense of another. 

A-POL'O-GlZE, v. i. To make an apology ; to write or 
speak in favor of, or to make excuse for. 

A-POL'O-GlZ-ER, n. One who makes an apology ; a de- 
fender. 

AP'O-LOGUE (ap'o-log), n. [Gr. mroXoyoS-] A moral fable ; 
a story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey 
useful truths. 

\ AP'O-LOG Z7-ER, n. Fabler.— Burton. 

A-POL'O-dY, n. [Gr. airoXo) ia.] An excuse ; something 
eaid or written in defense or extenuation of what appears 
to others wrong or unjustifiable. 

f APO-ME-€QM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. ano, iitjkoS, and fierpov.] 
Tae art of measuring things distant. 

AP-O-NEU-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. airo and vevpov.] An expansion 
of a tendon in the manner of a membrane ; the tendon or 
tail of a muscle. 

AP-0-PEMP'TI€, a. [Gr. ano and Tvqxiru).] Denoting a hymn 
among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stranger when 
departing. It may be used as a noun for the hymn. 

A-POPH'A-SIS (a-pof'a-sis), n. [Gr. airo and <t>aoiS-] In 
rhetoric, a waving or omission of what one, speaking iron- 
ically, would plainly insinuate. 

* AP-O-PHLEG-MAT'IG, a. [Gr. airo and $Xzyw\ Having 

the quality of exciting discharges of phlegm or mucus. 
See Phlegmatic. 

* AP-O-PHLEG-MATTG, n, A medicine which excites dis- 



charges of phlegm or mucus from the mouth or nostrils 
— Coxe. • 

AP-O-PHLEG'MA-TISM, n. An apophlegmatic. 

AP-O-PHLEG-MATI-ZANT, n. An apophlegmatic. 

AP'OPH-THEGM, > (ap'o-them), n. [Gr. ai:o and 00 £ y/ia. i 

AP'O-THEGM, j A remarkable saying ; a short, sen- 
tentious, instructive remark. 

A-POPH'Y-GE (a-pof'e-je), n. [Gr. airo and <j>vyn.] 1. In 
architecture, the part of a column where it springs out of 
its base ; the spring of a column. 2. A concave part or 
ring of a column, lying above or below the flat member. 

A-POPH'YL-LlTE, n. [Gr. airo and 0vXXov.] A zeolitic 
mineral, which breaks very readily across, and aftbrds ■ 
surface with a pearly lustre. It is composed of silica, 
lime, and potash. 

A-POPH'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. airo and (pvois.] The projecting end 
or protuberance of a bone ; a process of a bone. 

AP-O-PLEG'TIG, > a. Pertaining to or consisting m apo 

AP-O-PLE-GTLG-AL, j plexy, or predisposed to apoplexy. 

AP-O-PLEG'TIG, n. A person affected by apoplexy. 

AP'0-PLEX.ED (ap'o-plext), a. Affected with apoplexy.— 
Shakspeare. 

AP'O-PLEX-Y, n. [Gr. airo-xXrjtya.] A sudden loss of sense 
and voluntary motion, occasioned by a suspension of the 
functions of the cerebrum, or brain. Dryden uses apoplcz 
for apoplexy. 

AP'O-RlME \ n ' ^ problem difficult to be resolved. 

A-Po'RI-A, n. [Gr. a-nopia.] 1. In rhetoric, a doubting or be 
ing at a loss where to begin, or what to say, on account 
of the variety of matter. — 2. In the medical art, febrile 
anxiety ; uneasiness. — Coxe. 

t AP-OR-RHCE'A, n. Effluvium.— GZanw'He. 

A-PO-SEP'E-DIN, n. A peculiar crystallized substance ob- 
tained from putrid cheese. — Brande. 

A-POS-I-O-PE'SIS, n. [Gr. airo<7iu)Trr;ots.] Reticency or sup 
pression ; as when a speaker, from some cause, as fear, 
sorrow, or anger, suddenly breaks off his discourse, be- 
fore it is ended. 

A-POS'TA-SIS, n. [L.] Among the ancient physicians, I. 
The termination or ciisis of a disease by some secretion. 
2. The throwing off of exfoliated or fractured bone. 3. 
An abscess. 

A-POS'TA-SY, n. [Gr. airouraais.] 1. An abandonment of 
what one has professed ; a total desertion or departure 
from one's faith or religion. 2. The desertion from a 
party to which one has adhered. 

A-POS'TATE, n. One who has forsaken the church, sect, 
profession, or party to which he before adhered ; a rene- 
gade. — Tn the Roman Catholic CIturch, one who, without a 
dispensation, forsakes a religious order of which, he has 
made profession. 

A-POS'TaTE, a. False ; traitorous.— Spenser. 

AP-O-STATIG-AL, a. After the manner of an apostate. 

A-POS'TA-TlZE, v. i. To abandon one's profession or 
church ; to forsake the principles or faith which one has 
professed, _or the party to which one has been attached. 

A-POS'TA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Abandoning a church, profession, 
sect, or party. 

A-POS'TE-MaTE, v. i. To form into an abscess ; to swell 
and fill with pus. 

A-POS-TE-Ma'TION, n. The formation of an aposteme ; 
the process of gathering into an abscess ; written, cor- 
ruptly, imposthumation. 

AP-OS-TEM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to an abscess; partak 
ing of the nature of an aposteme. — Journ. of Science. 

AP'OS-TEME, n. [Gr. airoorrina.] An abscess ; a swelling 
filled with purulent matter; written, also, corruptly, im- 
posthume. 

A POS-TE-RI-0'Rl,a. [L. posterior.] Arguments a posteriori 
are drawn from effects, consequences, or facts ; in oppo- 
sition to reasoning a priori. 

A-POSTIL, n. [Fr. apostille.] A marginal note or refer- 
ence ; a postscript. 

A-POS'TLE (a-pos'sl), n. [L. apostolus; Gr. anoaroXos.] A 
person deputed to execute some important business ; but, 
appropriately, a disciple of Christ, commissioned to preach 
the gospel. 

A-POS'TLE-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of an apostle. 

A-POS'TO-LATE, n. A mission ; the dignity or office of an 
apostle. 

AP-OS-TOL'IG, \a. 1. Pertaining or relating to the 

AP-OS-TOL'IG-AL, 5 apostles. 2. According to the doc- 
trines of the apostles ; delivered or taught by the apostles 

AP-OS-TOL'IG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the apostles. 

AP-OS-TOL'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being apostol 
ical, or accordant With the doctrines of the apostles. 

AP-OS-TOL'IGS, n. pi. Certain sects so called from their 
pretending to imitate the practice of the apostles. 

A-POS'TRO-PHE, n. [Gr. aito and crpoihv-] 1. In rhetoric., 
a diversion of speech ; a digressive address ; a changing 
the course of a speech, and addressing a person, who a 
dead or absent, as if present. — 2. In grammar, the contrac 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, f, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



APP 



51 



APP 



taon of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which 
omission is marked by a comma; as, calVd for called. 
The comma used for this purpose may also be called an 
apostrophe. 

AP-O-STROPH'IC, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe ; noting 
the contraction of a word. — Murray. 

A-POSTRO-PHIZE, v. i. To make an apostrophe, or short, 
detached address in speaking. 

A-POS'TRO-PHIZE, v. t. 1. To address by apostrophe. 2. 
To contract a word by omitting a letter or letters. 3. To 
mark with a comma, indicating the omission of a letter. 

A-POS'TRO-PHIZ£D, pp. Addressed by way of digression ; 
contracted by the omission of a letter or letters ; marked 
by an apostrophe. 

A-POSTRO-PHlZ-ING, ppr. Addressing in a digression ; 
contracting or marking by apostrophe. 

AP-0-TA€'TlTE, n. [Gr. ukotuktos.] One of a sect of an- 
cient Christians, who, in imitation of the first believers, 
renounced all their effects and possessions. 

AP-O-TEL-ES-MATTG, a. [Gr. airoTcXea/xariKoS.] Pertain- 
ing to astrology, or the doctrines of that science. 

A-POTH'E-€A-RY, n. [L. apotheai.] 1. One who practices 
pharmacy ; one who prepares drugs for medicinal uses, 
and keeps them for sale.— 2. In the Middle Ages, an apoth- 
ecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse. 

AP'O-THEGM (ap'o-them), n. A remarkable saying ; a short, 
instructive remark. See Apophthegm. 

AP-0-THEG-MAT1G, \a. In the manner of an apo- 

AP-O-THEG-MATIC-AL, 5 thegm. 

AP-O-THEG'MA-TIST, n. A collector or maker of apo- 
thegms. — Pope. 

AP-O-THEG'MA-TiZE, v. i. To utter apothegms, or short, 
instructive sentences. 

AP-O-THE'O-SIS, n, (Gr. a-odeums.] Deification; conse- 
cration ; the act of placing a prince, or other distinguished 
person, among the heathen deities. 

AP-O-THe'O-SIZE, v. t. To deify.— Bacon. 

A-POTH'E-SIS, n. [Gr.] 1. The reduction of a dislocated 
bone. 2. A place on the south side of the chancel, in the 
primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, 
vestments, &c. — Wheler. 

A-POTO-ME, n. [Gr. anoTe/xvii).] 1. In mathematics, the dif- 
ference between two quantities commenstirable only in 
power, as between ^/g and 1. — 2. In music, that portion 
of a tone major which remains after deducting from it an 
interval, less, by a comma, than a semitone major. 

AP-O-TREPSIS, n. [Gr. a-xo and rpeTru.] The resolution 
of a suppurating tumor. — Coze. 

AP-O-TRO-PiE'A, n. [Gr. aww and tOettu).] In ancient poet- 
ry, verses or hymns composed for averting the wrath of 
incensed deities. 

AP'O-ZEM, n. [Gr. ano and ~.eu).] A decoction, in which the 
medicinal substances of plants are extracted by boiling. 

AP-O-ZEM'IG-AL, a. Like a decoction.— Whitaker. 

\ AP-PIIR, v. t. To impair. 

\ AP-PaIR', v. i. To degenerate. 

AP-PALL', v. t. [Fr. palir ; L. palleo.] 1. To depress or dis- 
courage with fear ; to impress with fear, in such a manner 
that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness. 2. To reduce, 
allay, or destroy; [unusual.] — Thomson. — Syn. To dis- 
may; terrify; daunt; frighten; scare. 

AP-PALL', v. i. To grow faint ; to be dismayed. 

AP-PALL'.ED (ap-pawld'), pp. Depressed or disheartened 
with fear. 

AP-PALLTNG, ppr. 1. Depressing with fear. 2. a. Adapt- 
ed to depress courage. 

AP-PALLTNG-LY, adv. In a manner to appall. 
AP-PALL'MENT, n. Depression occasioned by fear ; dis- 
couragement. 
AP'PAN-AgE, n. [Fr. apanage.] 1. Lands appropriated by 
a prince to the maintenance of his younger sons. 2. Sus- 
tenance ; means of nourishing. — Swift. 
APT AN-A-GlST, n. A prince to whom an appanage was 
granted. 

AP-PA-Ra'TUS, n. ; pi. Apparatuses. [L.] 1. Tnings pro- 
vided as means to some end ; the furniture of a house ; 
instruments of war ; a complete set of instruments or 
utensils for performing any operation or experiment. — 2. 
In surgery, the operation of cutting for the stone. 

AP-PAR'EL, n. [Fr. appareil.] 1. Covering for the body. 

2. External habiliments or decorations ; appearance. 

3. The furniture of a ship, as sails, rigging, anchors, &c. — 
Syn. Dress ; clothing ; vesture ; garments. 

AP-PAR'EL, v. t. 1. To dress or clothe. 2. To adorn with 
dress. 3. To dress with external ornaments ; to cover, as 
with garments. 4. To furnish with external apparatus. 

AP-PAR'EL.ED, pp. Dressed ; clothed ; covered as with 
dress ; furnished. 

AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Dressing ; clothing ; covering as with 
dress ; furnishing. 

tAP-PIR'ENCE (ap-pair'ens), In. Appearance. — Chau- 

tAP-PlR'EN-CY (ap-pair'en-sy), 5 cer. Gower. 

APTaRENT (ap-pairient), a. 1. That may be seen ; visible 



to the eye ; within sight or view. 2. Clearly perce ptibie ; 
as, the divine goodness is every where apparent. 3. Visi 
ble ; in opposition to hid or secret ; as, the apparent mo- 
tives of an action. 4. Visible ; appearing to the eye , 
seeming, in distinction from true or real ; as, the sun's ap- 
parent motion. — Heirs apparent are those whose right to 
an estate is indefeasible, if they survive the ancestor ; in 
distinction from presumptive heirs, who, if the ancestor 
should die immediately, would inherit, but whose right is 
liable to be defeated by the birth of a nearer heir. — 
Blackstone. — Syn. Visible ; obvious ; clear ; distinct ; plain : 
certain ; evident ; manifest ; indubitable ; notorious. 

AP-PIR'ENT-LY (ap-pair-ent-ly), adv. 1. Openly ; evident- 
ly. 2. Seemingly ; in appearance. 

AP-P1R'ENT-NESS (ap-pair'ent-ness), n. Plainness to tho 
eye or the mind ; visibleness ; obviousness. 

AP-PA-Rl"TION, n. 1. In a general sense, an appearance ; 
visibility. — Milton, [little used.] 2. The thing appearing ; 
a visible object ; a form. — Milton. 3. A ghost ; a spectre ; 
a visible spirit; [now the usual sense.] 4. Mere appear- 
ance, opposed to reality. Denham. — In astronomy, the first 
appearance of a heavenly body after having been ob- 
scured ; opposed to occultation. 

AP-PAPvT-TOR, n. [L. apparo.] Among the Romans, any 
officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute 
their orders. — In England, a messenger or officer who 
serves the process of a spiritual court, or a beadle in the 
university, who carries the mace. 

t AP-PIY', v. t. [Sp. apagar.] To satisfy. 

t AP-Pe ACH', v. t. To accuse ; to censure. 

t AP-PeACH'ER, n. An accuser. 

t AP-Pe ACH'MENT, n. Accusation; charge exhibited. . 

AP-Pe AL', v. i. [Fr. appeler ; L. appello.] 1. To refer to a 
superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause de- 
pending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower 
court. 2. To refer to another for the decision of a ques- 
tion controverted, or the counteraction of testimony or 
facts. 

AP-PeAL', v. t. To call or remove a cause from an inferior 
to a superior judge or court. 

AP-PeAL', v. t. In criminal law, to charge with a crime ; to 
accuse ; as, to appeal a person of felony 

AP-PeAL', n. 1. The removal of a cause or suit from an 
inferior to a superior tribunal ; also, the right of appeal 
2. An accusation ; a process instituted by a private person 
against a man for some crime by which he has been in- 
jured. 3. A summons to answer to a charge. 4. A call 
upon a person ; a reference to another for proof or decis- 
ion. 5. Resort ; recourse ; as, an appeal to arms. 

AP-PEAL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be appealed; that may 
be removed to a higher tribunal for decision. 2. That 
may be accused or called to answer by appeal. 

t AP-PEAL'ANT, n. One who appeals.— Shaks. 

AP-PeAL'^JD (ap-peeW), pp. Removed to a higher court, 
as a cause ; prosecuted for a crime by a private person, 
as a criminal. 

AP-PeAL'ER, n. One who appeals ; an appellor. 

AP-PeALTNG, ppr. or a. Removing a cause to a higher 
tribunal ; prosecuting as a private person for an offense ; 
referring to another for a decision. 

AP-Pe AR'^. i. [L. appareo.] 1. To come or be in sight; to 
be in view ; to be visible. 2. To become visible to the 
eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind ; [a 
sense frequent in Scripture] 3. To stand in presence of, 
as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be 
tried 4. To be obvious ; to be known, as a subject of ob- 
servation or comprehension. 5. To be clear or made 
clear by evidence. 6. To seem, in opposition to reality. 
7. To be discovered, or laid open. 

t AP-PeAR', n. Appearance. 

AP-PEAR'ANCE, n. 1. The act of coming into sight ; the act 
of becoming visible to the eye. 2. The thing seen; a 
phenomenon. 3. Apparent likeness ; as, an appearance of 
fire. 4. External show ; semblance Rssumed, in opposition 
to reality or substance ; as, an appearance of candor. 5. 
Personal presence ; exhibition of the person. 6. Exhibi- 
tion of the character ; introduction of a person to the pub- 
he in a particular character. 7. Probability ; likelihood 
—Bacon. 8. Manner of appearing, as presented by the per- 
son, dress, or manners. 9. A being present in court; a 
defendant's filing common or special bail to a process. 10. 
An apparition. Addison.— Syn. Coming; arrival; pres- 
ence ; semblance ; pretense ; air ; look ; manner ; mein , 
figure; aspect 

AP-PeAR'ER, n. The person that appears. 

AP-Pe ARTNG, ppr. Coming in sight; becoming evident, 
making an external show ; seeming ; having the semblance. 

AP-PeAR'ING, n. The act of becoming visible; appearance. 

AP-PE AS'A-BLE, a. That may be appeased, quieted, calmed, 
or pacified. 

AP-Pe AS' A-BLE-NESS. n. The quality of being appeasable 

AP-Pe ASE', v. t. [Fr. apaiser.] To make quiet; to reduce 
to » state of peace. — Syn. To pacify; quiet; conciliate; pn 



-BULL, tJNITE ;— AN ~ '?■% Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TW as in this, t Obsolv* 



AJPP 



52 



APP 



pitiate ; assuage ; compose ; calm ; allay ; hush ; cool ; 
soothe ; tranquilize. 
A.P-PeAS'.ED (ap-peezd'), pp. Quieted; calmed; pacified. 
AP-PeASE'MENT, n. The act of appeasing; the state of 

being in peace. 
AP-PeAS'ER, n. One who appeases, or pacifies. 
AP-PE A'Sl VE (ap-pe'-siv), a. Having the power to appease ; 

mitigating; quieting, 
f AP-PEL'LAN-CY, n. An appeal ; capabihty of appeal. 
AP-PEL'LANT, n. 1. One who appeals, or removes a cause 
from a lower to a higher tribunal. 2. One who prose- 
cutes another for a crime. 3. One who challenges or sum- 
mons another to single combat. — 4. In Church history, one 
who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus to a gen- 
eral council. Milton. — Party appellant, in law, the party 
which appeals. 
1 AP-PEL'LATE, n. A person appealed, or prosecuted for a 

crime. — Ayliffe. See Appellee. 

AP-PEL'LATE, a. Pertaining to appeals ; having cognizance 

of appeals ; as, " appellate jurisdiction," Const, of U. S. — 

Burke. — Party appellate, in law, the party appealed against. 

AP-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. appellatio.] The word by which 

a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for appeal. — 

Syn. Name; title; denomination; description. 

AP-PEL'L A-Tl VE, a. Pertaining to a common name ; noting 

the common name of a species. 
AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, n. A common name, in distinction from 
a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for 
a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal 
ideas. 
AP-PEL'LA-TlVE-LY, adv. According to the manner of 
nouns appellative ; in a manner to express whole classes 
or species. 
AP-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Containing an appeal. 
AP-PEL-LEE', n. 1. The defendant in an appeal. 2. The 
person who is appealed, or prosecuted by a private man 
for a crime. 
AP-PEL-LOR', n. The person who institutes an appeal, or 

prosecutes . another for a crime. — Blackstone. 
AP-PEND', v. t. [L. appendo.J 1. To hang or attach to, as by 
a string, so that the thing is suspended. 2. To add, as an 
accessory to the principal thing. — Johnson. 
AP-PEND'AgE, n. Something added to a principal or great- 
er thing. — In botany, any part subordinate to another part. 
— Syn. Addition; adjunct; concomitant 
t AP-PEND'ANCE, > a .,. , D „ „ 

t AP-PEND'ENCE \ n ' Sometnm g annexed.— Bp. Hall. 
AP-PENDANT, a. Hanging to; annexed; belonging to 

something; attached. 
AP-PEND'ANT, n. That which belongs to another thing, 

as incidental or subordinate to it. 
AP-PEND'ED, pp. Annexed; attached. 
I AP-PEND'I-€aTE, v. t. To append ; to add to.— Hale. 
\ AP-PEND-1-Ca.'TION, n. An appendage or adjunct 
AP-PEND'I-€LE, n. A small appendage. 
AP-PEN-DICU-LATE, a. In botany, furnished with ap- 
pendages. Appendiculate leaf, a small appended leaf. 
AP-PEND'ING, ppr. Annexing; attaching. 
AP-PEND'IX, n. ; pi. Appendixes. [L. The Latin plural is 
appendices.] 1. Something appended or added. 2. An 
adjunct, concomitant, or appendage. 3. More generally, 
a supplement or short treatise added to a book, 
f AP-PER-CeIVE', v. t. [Fr. apercevoir.] To comprehend, 
t AP-PER-CeIVTNG, n. Perception.— Chaucer. 
AP-PER-CEP'TION, n. Perception that reflects upon itself; 

consciousness. — Reid. 
T AP-PERTL, n. Peril; danger.— Shah. 
AP-PER-TaIN', v.i. [Fr. appartenir ; L. ad and pertineo.] To 

belong, whether by right, nature, or appointment 
AP-PER-TaIN'ING, ppr. Belonging. 
AP-PER-TaIN'ING, n. That which appertains. 
AP-PER-TaIN'MENT, n. That which belongs. 
T AP-PERTE-NANCE, v. t. To have as right belonging. 
AP-PER'TE-NENCE, n. See Appurtenance. 
AP-PER'TI-NENT, a. Be'onging; now written appurtenant. 

—Shak. 
i AP-PER'TI-NENT, n. That which belongs to something 

else. — Shak. See Appurtenance. 
AP'PE-TENCE, )re. [L. appetentia.] 1. Desire ; especially 
AP'PE-TEN-CY, J carnal desire ; sensual appetite. 2. The 
disposition of organized bodies to select and imbibe such 
portions of matter as serve to support and nourish them. 
3. An inclination or propensity in animals to perform cer- 
tain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to 
»riter into water and to swim. 
AP'PE-TENT, a. Desiring ; very desirous.— Buck. 
AP-PE-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being desirable for 

gratification. 
AP'PE-TI-BLE, a. [Low L. appetibilis.] Desirable ; that may 

be the object of sensual desire. 
AP'PE-TlTE, n. [L. appetitus.} 1. The natural desire of 
pleasure or good ; the desire of gratification, either of the 
body or of t he mind. 2. A desire of food. 3. Strong de- 



sire ; eagerness or longing. 4. The thing desired ; as, pow- 
er is the natural appetite of princes. Swift ; [rare.] — Syn 
Craving^ longing; appetency; desire. 

t AP'PE-TlTE, v. t. To desire.— .Sir T. Elyot. 

AP-PE-T¥"TION, n. [L. appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used.] 

t AP»PE-Tl"TIOUS, a. Palatable ; desirable. 

AP'PE-TI-TlVE, a. That desires ; that has the quality oJ 
desiring gratification. 

AP'PI-AN, a. Designating something that belongs to Appius, 
particularly a way from Rome through Capua to Brundu- 
siurn, now Brindisi, constructed in part by Appius Claudius. 

AP-PLAUD', v. t. [L. applaudo.] 1. To praise ty clapping 
the hands, acclamation, or other significant feign. 2. Tc 
praise by words, actions, or other means ; to express ap 
probation of. — Syn. To extol ; praise ; commend ; cry up ; 
magnify. 

AP-PLAUD'ED, pp. Praised by acclamation, or other means ; 
commended. 

AP-PLAUD'ER, n. One who praises or commends. 

AP-PLAUD'ING,^pr. Praising by acclamation ; commending. 

AP-PLAUSE', n. [L. applausus.] A shout of approbation ; 
approbation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands : 
acclamation or huzzas ; approbation expressed in anyway. 
—Syn. Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation. 

AP-PLAU'SlVE, a. Applauding ; containing applause. 

AP'PLE, n. [Sax. appl, appil ; D. appel ; Germ, apfel ; Dan. 
able ; Sw. aple.] 1. The fruit of the apple-tree [pyrus fna- 
lus], from which cider is made. 2. The apple of the eye is 
the pupil.— Apple of love, or love-apple, the tomato, or 
solarium lycopersicum. 

AP'PLE, v. t. To form like an apple.— Marshal. 

AP'PLE-GRaFT, n. A scion of the apple-tree ingrafted 

AP'PLE-HaR'VEST, n. The gathering of apples, or Ue 
time of gathering. 

AP'PLE-JOHN. An apple which keeps long, but becomes 
withered. — Shak. 

AP'PLE-PlE, n. A pie made of apples inclosed in paste, or 
covered with paste. 

AP'PLE-SAUCE, n. A sauce made of stewed apples. 

AP'PLE-TaRT, n. A tart made of apples baked on paste. 

AP'PLE-TREE, n. A tree arranged by Linnasus under thn 
genus pyrus. The fruit of this tree is indefinitely variou 
The crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, froit • 
which all others have sprung. 

AP'PLE-WoM-AN, n. A woman who sells apples and othe 
fruit. 

AP'PLE-YaRD, n. An orchard; an inclosure for apples. 

AP-PLl'A-BLE, a. That may be applied. See Apply. 

AP-PLl'ANCE, n. The act of applying, or thing applied. 

AP-PLI-CA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being applicable, or 
fit to be applied. 

AP'PLI-CA-BLE, a. That may be applied ; fit to be applied, 
as related to a thing ; that may have relation to something 

AP'PLI-CA-BLE-NESS. n. Fitness to be applied; the quali- 
ty of being applicable. 

APTLI-CA-BLY, adv. In such a manner that it may be ap- 
plied. 

AP'PLI-CAN-C Y, n. The state of being applicable. 

AP'PLI-CANT, n. One who applies ; one who makes re- 
quest; a petitioner. 

AP'PLI-CATE, it. A right line drawn across a curve, so as 
to be bisected by the diameter ; an ordinate. 

t AP'PLI-€aTE, v. t. To apply. — Pearson. 

AP'PLl-CATE-OR'DI-NATE. A right line applied at right 
angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by 
the curve. — Bailey. 

AP-PLI-€a'TION,ti. [L.applicatio.] 1. The act of laying on. 
2. The thing applied. 3. The act of making request, or 
soliciting. 4. The act of applying as means ; the employ- 
ment of means. 5. The act of fixing the mind; intense- 
ness of thought ; close study ; attention. 6. The act of di- 
recting or referring something to a particular case, to dis- 
cover or illustrate the agreement or disagreement. — 7. In 
sermons, that part of the discourse in which the principles 
before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical 
uses. 

AP'PLI-€A-TIVE, a. That applies.— Bramhall. 

AP'PLI-CA-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a manner which applies 

AP'PLI-GA-TO-RY, a. That includes the act of applying. 

AP'PLI-CA-TO-RY, n. That which applies.— Taylor. 

AP-PLl'JD (ap-plide'). pp. Put on ; put to ; directed ; em 
ployed. 

t AP-PLl'ED-LY, adv. In a manner which may be applied 

AP-PLl'ER, n. One who applies. 

t AP-PLl'MENT, n. Application.— Marston. 

AP-PLY, v. t. [L. applicn.\ 1. To lay on ; to put one thing 
to another; as, to apply a plaster to a wound. 2. To use 
or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case ; 
as, to apply a remedy. 3. To put, refer, or use, as suitable 
or relative to something ; as, to apply an argument. 4. To 
fix the mind ; to betake ; to engage and employ with at- 
tention. 5. To address or direct; as. "sacred vows ap 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, i 



-A, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, EOQK 



APP 



53 



APP 



plkd to Pluto." — Pope; [rare.] 6. To make application ; 
to have recourse by request. 7. To busy ; to keep at work ; 
to ply. — Sidney ; [obs.] 

A.P-PLY', v. i. 1. To suit ; to agree ; to have some connec- 
tion, agreement, or analogy. 2. To make request ; to so- 
licit ; to have recourse, with a view to gain something. 

AP-PLY'ING, ppr._ Laying on ; making application. 

AP-POG-GI-A-TU'RA, n. [It] A small note in music, be- 
tween other notes, used for transition or expression. 

AP-POINT, v. t. [Fr. appointer.} 1. To fix ; to settle ; to es- 
tablish ; to make fast ; as, to " appoint times and seasons/' 
2. To constitute, ordain, or fix by decree, order, or decis 
ion; as, to appoint officers. 3. To allot, assign, or desig- 
nate ; as, to appoint tasks. 4. To purpose or resolve ; fc 
fix the intention. 5. To ordain, command, or order. 6. 
To settle ; to fix, name, or determine by agreement ; as, 
to appoint a meeting. Milton uses the word Li a peculiar 
sense : " Appoint not heavenly disposition," i. e., blame not 
(do not point at by way of censure) the disposition which 
God makes of things. 

\P-POINT, v.i. To ordain- tr letermine.— 2 Sam , xv»i., 14. 

IP-POINTA-BLE, a. That may be appointed or constituted. 
— Madison. 

IP-POINTED, pp. or a. 1. Fixed; set: esta»-lsb' d; decreed; 
ordained; constituted; allotted. 2. Furnished; equipped 
with things necessary. 

AP-POINT-EE', n. 1. A person appoirted.— Wheatorts Re- 
ports. 2. A foot soldier in the Frencn army, who, for long 
service and bravciy, receives more pay than other privates. 

AP-POINTER n. One who appoints. 

U'-POINTTNG,j?pr. Setting; fixing; ordaining; constitut- 
ing; assigning. 

APPOINTMENT, n. 1. The act of appointing to office. 2. 
The act of fixing by mutual agreement ; as, an appoint- 
ment for transacting business. 3. Decree ; established or- 
der or constitution. 4. A direction given ; as, it was done 
by the appointment of the magistrates. 5. Equipment ; fur- 
niture, as for a ship, or an. army ■ whatever is appointed 
for use and management. 6. The accoutrements of mil- 
itary officers, as belts, gorgets, &c. : used in the plural. 
7. An allowance to a person ; a salary or pension, as to a 
public officer : properly used only in the plural. 8. A de- 
vise or grant to a charitable use. — Syn. Designation ; com- 
mand; order; direction; establishment; equipment. 

) AP-PoPJT'ER n. [Fr. apporter.] A bringer in; one who 
brings into the realm. 

AP-PoR'TION, v. t. [L. ad and portio.] To divide and as- 
sign in just proportion ; to distribute, among two or more, 
a just part or share to each. 

r AP-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Just proportion. 

\P-PoR'TION£D, pp. Divided ; set out or assigned in suit- 
able parts or shares. 

AP-PoRTION-ER, n. One who apportions. 

AP-PoRTION-ING, ppr. Distributing out in just propor- 
tions or shares. 

A P-PoR'TION-MENT, n. The act of apportioning ; a divid- 
ingjnto just proportions or shares. 

Ai'-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. apposer.] 1. To put questions ; to ex- 
amine. — Bacon. 2. To apply. — Harvey. 

AP-PoS'ER, n. An examiner ; one whose business is to put 
questions. 

AP'PO-SITE (ap'po-zit), a. [L.appositus.] Suitable; fit; very 
applicable ; well adapted. 

APTO-SlTE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly ; properly. 

APTO-SlTE-NESS, n. Fitness ; propriety ; suitableness. 

AP-PO-Sl"TION, n. 1. The act of adding to ; addition; accre- 
tion to. — 2. In grammar, the state of two nouns denoting 
the same thing and put in the same case, without a con- 
necting word between them. 

I AP-POSI-TIVE, a. Apposite ; applicable.— Knatchbull. 

\P-PRaISAL, n. A valuation by authority; an appraise- 
ment. 

*P-PRIISE' (ap-praze'), v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] To set a value 
on ; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons ap- 
pointed for the purpose. -See Apprize. 

AP-PRaISE'MENT, n. The act of setting the value ; a val- 
uation. See Apprizement. 

AP-PRXIS'ER, n. One who values. See Apprizer. 

\ AP-PRE-€a'TION, n. [L. apprecor.] Earnest prayer.— Hall. 

\ APTRE-€A-TO-RY, a. Praying or wishing any good. 

AP-PRE'CIA-BLE (ap-pre'sha-bl), a. 1. That may be appre- 
ciated ; valuable. 2. That may be estimated or determin- 
ed : as, an appreciable quantity. 

AP-PRe'CIaTE (ap-pre'shate), v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] 1. To val- 
ue ; to set a price or value on ; to estimate. 2. To raise 
the value of. — Ramsay. [Not used in this latter sense in 
England, and but little in America.] 
AP-PRe'('1aTE, v. i. To rise in value ; to become of more 

value. [Not used in England, and but little in America.] 
AP-PRE'CII-TED,£p. Valued; prized; estimated; advanced 

in value. 
AP-PRe'CIa-TING, ppr. Setting a value on ; estimating ; 
rising in value. 



I AP-PRE-CI-a'TIGN, n. 1. A setting a value on , a just val 
uation or estimate of merit, weight, ci any moral consid 
eration. 2. A rising in value ; increase of worth or value. 
— Marshal. [Not used in this latter sense in England, and 
but little in America.} 
I AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. [L. apprzhendo.] ]. To take or seize ; 
to take hold of physically ; as, to apprehend a criminal. 2 
To take with the understanding ; that is, to conceive in 
the mind ; to understand without passing a judgment, or 
making an inference. 3. To think; to believe or be of 
opinion, but without positive certainty. 4. To foar; to 
ente/taia suspicion or fear of future evil — Syn. To catch ; 
seize ; arrest ; detain capture ; conceive ; understand ; 
imagine; believe; fear; dread. 

AP ?RE-HEND'ED, pp. Taken ; seized ; arrested ; conceiv- 
ed ; understood ; believed ; feared. 

A"P-f RE-HEND'ER, n. One who takes ; one who conceives 
in his mind ; one who fears. 

A 7-PRE-HEND1NG, ppr. Seizing ; taking ; conceiving ; un- 
derstanding; believing; fearing. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be apprehended or con 
ceived. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. 1. The act of seizing or taking hold 
of; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. 2. The act 
of taking or arresting. 3. The mere contemplation of 
things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judg- 
ment ; simple intellection. 4. An inadequate or imperfect 
idea. 5. Opinion; conception. 6. The faculty by which 
new ideas are conceived 7. Fear ; dread ; suspicion ; the 
prospect of future evil, accompanied with uneasiness oi 
mind. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SlVE, a. 1. Quick to understand. 2. Fear- 
ful ; in expectation of evil. 3. Suspicious ; inclined to be- 
lieve ; as, I am apprehensive he will disappoint us. 4. Sens- 
ible ; feeling ; perceptive. — Milton. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SlVE-LY, adv. In an apprehensive manner. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being appre- 
hensive ; readiness to understand ; fearfulness. 

AP-PRENTf CE, n. [Fr. apprentl] 1. One who is bound by 
covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a cer- 
tain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or occu- 
pation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. — 2. 
In old law books, a barrister ; a learner of law. 

AP-PRENTlCE, v. t. To bind to, or put under the care of a 
master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge ol 
a trade or business. 

AP-PREN'TICE-FEE, n. A premium received by a master 
for instructing an apprentice. 

t AP-PREN'TlCE-HOOD, n. Apprenticeship.— Shak. 

AP-PREN'TlCE-SHIP' n. 1. The term for which an ap- 
prentice is bound to serve his master. 2. The service, 
state, or condition of an apprentice ; a state in which a 
person is gaining instruction under a master. 

t AP-PRENTIS-A6E, n. Apprenticeship.— Bacon. 

AP-PRESS'.ED, ) (ap-presf), a. In botany, pressed close; ly 

AP-PREST, J ing near the stem, or applying its uppe. 
surface to the stem. 

AP-PRISE', v. I. [Fr. appris.] To give notice, verbal or writ- 
ten. — Syn. To inform ; acquaint ; make known ; commu- 
nicate. 

AP-PRlS'.ED (ap-prizd'), pp. Informed ; having notice or 
knowledge communicated. 

AP-PRlS'ING, ppr. Informing; communicating notice to. 

AP-PRTZE', v. t. [ad and price., prize ; D. prys ; Ger. preis ; 
W. pris ; Fr. priser. to prize.] To value ; to set a value, in 
pursuance of authority. 

AP-PRlZ'£D (ap-prizd'), pp. Valued ; having the worth 
fixed by authorized persons. 

AP-PRlZE'MENT, n. 1. The act of setting a value under 
some authority or appointment ; a valuation. — Blackstone. 
2. The rate at which a thing is valued ; the value fixed, or 
valuation. 

AP-PRlZ'ER n. A person appointed to rate, or set a value 
on articles. 

AP-PRlZTNG, ppr. Rating ; setting a value under author- 
ity. 

AP-PRlZING, n. The act of valuing under authority. 

AP-PR5ACH', v. i. [Fr. approcher.] 1. To come or go near, 
in place ; to draw near ; to advance nearer. 2. To draw 
near in time. 3. To draw near, in a figurative sense ; to 
advance near to a point aimed at in science, literature, 
government, morals, &c. ; to approximate. 4. To draw 
near in duty, as in prayer or worship. 

AP-PRoACH', v. t. 1. To come near to. 2. To have access 
carnally.— Lev. xviii. 

AP-PR5ACH', n. 1. The act of drawing near ; a coming or 
advancing near. 2. Access ; as, the approach of kings. — 
Milton. 3. A path or avenue leading from the public road 
to a house or dwelling. — 4. In fortification, works thrown 
up by the besiegers, to protect them in their advances to- 
ward a fortress. 

AP-PRoACHA-BLE, a. That may be approached ; access- 



D6VE :— BFXL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t 



APP 



54 



APS 



AP-JrRSACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being approach- 
able. 
AP-PRoACH'ER, n. One who approaches or draws near. 
AP-PRoACHTNG, ppr. or a. Drawing nearer; advancing 

toward. 
AP-PRoACH'ING, n. In gardening, the act of ingrafting a 
sprig or shoot of one tree into another without cutting it 
from the parent stock ; called, also, inarching, or graftin 
by approach. 
A P-PRoACH'LESS, a. That can not be approached. 
AP-PRoACH'MENT, n. The act of coming near. 
AP'PRO-BATE, a. [L. approbatus.] Approved. 
AP'PRO-BITE, v. t. [L. approbo.] To express approbation 
of ; to manifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction ; as, the 
cause of this battle every man did allow and approbate. — 
Hall, as quoted in Richardson's Dictionary. [This word is 
obsolete jn England, but is sometimes used in America.] 
AP'PRO-Ba-TED, pp. Approved; commended. 
AP'PRO-Ba-TING, ppr. Expressing approbation of. 
AP-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. approbation 1. Tbe act of ap- 
proving ; a liking ; that state or disposition of the mind, in 
which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some 
degree of pleasure or satisfaction. 2. Attestation ; sup- 
port ; that is, active approbation, or action, in favor of what 
is approved. 3. The commendation of a book, licensed or 
permitted to be published by authority, as was formerly 
the case in England. — Syn. Approval ; liking ; sanction ; 
consent; concurrence. 
AP'PRO-Ba-TiVE, a. Approving ; implying approbation. — 

Milner. 
AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing approbation ; express- 
ing approbation. — Scott. 
t AP-PROMPT, for Prompt.— Bacon. 

i AP-PROOF', n. 1. Approval. 2. Certain knowledge.— Shah. 
t AP-PROP'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. appropero.] To hasten, 
t AP-PRO-PIN'QUa.TE (ap-pro-pink'wate), v. i. [L. appro- 

pinquo.] To draw near. 
T AP-PRO-PIN-QUa'TION, n. A drawing nigh.— Hall. 
\ AP-PRO-PINQUE', v. i. To approach.— Hudibras. 
AP-PRo'PRI-A-BLE, a. That may be appropriated ; that may 

be set apart, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. 
AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. appropt-ier.] 1. To set apart for, 
or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other 
uses. 2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others ; to 
claim or use, as by an exclusive right. 3. To make pecu- 
liar; as, to appropriate words to ideas. 4. To sever an 
ecclesiastical benefice, and annex it to a spiritual corpora- 
tion, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. 
5. To set apart or vote a sum of money to be expended 
for a given purpose ; as, Congress has appropriated a mill- 
ion of dollars for the construction of ships. 
AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. 1. Belonging peculiarly ; peculiar; 
set apart for a particular use or person. 2. Most suitable, 
tit, or proper ; as, appropriate language, 
t AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, n. Pecuharity.— Bacon. 
AP-PRo'PRI-A-TED, pp. or a. Assigned to a particular use ; 
claimed or used exclusively ; annexed to an ecclesiastical 
corporation. 
AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-LY, adv. In an appropriate manner ; 

fitly; properly. 
AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-NESS, n. Peculiar fitness ; the quality of 

being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable. 
AP-PRo'PRI-A-TING, ppr. Assigning to a particular person 

or use ; claiming or using exclusively 
AP-PRo-PRI-I'TION, n. 1. The act of sequestering, or as- 
signing to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all 
others; application to a special use or purpose. — 2. In 
law, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the per- 
petual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, 
being the patron of the living. 3. The setting apart by 
vote of a sum to be expended for a given purpose ; and, 
also, the money thus set apart ; as, an appropriation has 
been made to increase the navy. 
AP-PRo'PRI-A-TiVE, a. That appropriates.— M'Culloch. 
AP-PRo'PRI-A-TOR, n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. One 

who _is possessed of an appropriated benefice. 
AP-PRo'PRI-E-TA-RY, n. A lay possessor of the profits of 

a benefice. 
AP-PROV'A-BLE, a. That may be approved ; that merits 

approbation. 
AP-PRo V'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being approvable. 
AP-PRoV'AL, w. Approbation. 
AP-PROV'ANCE, n. Approbation.— Thomson. 
AP-PROVE', v. t. [Fr. approuver ; L. approbo.] 1. To like ; 
to be pleased with ; to admit the propriety of. 2. To 
prove ; to show to be true ; to justify. 3. To experience ; 
to prove by trial. — 3hak. ; [not used.] 4. To make or show 
to be worthy of approbation ; to commend. 5. To like 
and sustain as right ; to commend. 6. To improve. Black- 
stone. — 7. In military affairs, to sanction officially ; as, to 
approve the decision of a court-martial. 
IP-PRO V'jED (ap-proovd'), pp. Liked ; commended ; shown 
or proved to be worthy of approbation ; having the appro- 



bation and support of. Shakspeare uses the v ord *w 
proved ; as, " an approved wanton." 

AP-PRoVE'MENT n. 1. Approbation ; liking.— 2. In law 
when a person indicted for felony or treason, and ar- 
raigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and ap- 
peals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to 
obtain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called 
approvement, and the person an approver. — Blackstone 
3. Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and con 
verting them to the uses of husbandry. — Blackstone. 

AP-PRo V'ER, n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one who 
proves cr makes trial. — 2. In law, one who confesses a 
crime, and accuses another. Also, anciently, one who 
acted as the king's agent for letting small manors, or as 
steward of a manor, was called an approver. 

AP-PRo V'ING, ppr. Liking ; commending ; giving or e* 
pressing approbation. 

AP-PRoV'ING, a. Yielding approbation. 

AP-PROVING-LY, adv. By approbation. 

t AP-PROX'I-MANT, a. Approaching— Dering. 

t AP-PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. ad and proximus.] Nearest tt> , 
next'; near to. [This word is superseded by proximate.} — 
Approximate quantities are those which are nearly, but not 
absolutely equal. — Brande. 

AP-PROX'I-MaTE, v. t. To carry or advance near ; to causw 
to approach. — Burke. 

AP-PROX'I-MaTE, v. i. To come near ; to approach. 

AP-PRO X'I-Ma-TED, pp. Carried or advanced near. 

AP-PRO X'I-MA-TING,j>pr. Advancing near ; causing to ap 
proach. 

AP-PROX-I-Ma'TION, n. 1. Approach ; a drawing, moving, 
or advancing near. Hale. — 2. In arithmetic and algebra, a 
continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to a root 
or other quantity, without being able, perhaps, ever to 
arrive at it. — 3. In medicine, communication of disease by 
contact. 4. A mode of cure, by transplanting a disease 
into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact. 

AP-PROX'I-MA-TIVE, a. Approaching; that approaches 
— Ed. Encyc. 

AP-PULSE' (ap-puls 7 ), n. [L. appulsus.] 1. The act of strik- 
ing against. 2. Arrival ; landing. Bryant. — 3. In astrono 
my, the approach of any planet to a conjunction with the 
sun, or a star. 

AP-PUL'SION, n. The act of striking against by a moving 
body. 

AP-PULS'lVE, a. Striking against; driving towari 

AP-PULS'lVE-LY, adv. By appulsion. 

AP-PUR'TEN-ANCE, n. [so written for appertenence.] [Fr. 
appartenance.] That which belongs to something else ; an 
adjunct ; an appendage. Appropriately, such buildings, 
rights, and improvements as belong to land, are called the 
appurtenances. 

AP-PUR'TEN-ANT, a. 1. Belonging to ; pertaining to of 
right. — 2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is an- 
nexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription or 
immemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special 
gran t. — Blackston e. 

1'PRI-€aTE, v. i. [L. apricor.] To bask in the sun.— Ray 
[Little used.] 

A-PRIC'I-TY, n. Sunshine. [Little used.] 

3.TRI-COT, n. [old orthography, apricock.] [Fr. abricot.] A 
fruit belonging to the genus prunus, allied to the plum, of 
an oval figure and delicious taste. 

ATRIL, n. [L. Aprilis ; Fr. Avril.] The fourth month of the 
year. 

aTRIL-FOOL, n. One who is sportively imposed upon by 
others, on the first day of April. 

A PRI-O'Rl. [L.] Reasoning or argument a priori deduces 
consequences from definitions formed, or principles as 
sumed, or infers effects from causes previously known , 
opposed to a posteriori. — Hedge. 

* A'PRON (a'purn), n. [It. aprun.] 1. A cloth, or piece of 

leather, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the 
clothes clean, or defend them from injury. 2. The fat skin 
covering the belly of a goose. — 3. In gunnery, a flat piece 
of lead, that covers the vent of a cannon.— A. In ships, a 
piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the 
keel. 5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance 
of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. 6. A 
piece of leather to be drawn before a person in a gig. 

* a'PRONJED (a'purnd), a. Wearing an apron. — Pope. 

* a'PRON-MAN, n. A man who wears an apron; a labor 

ing man ; a mechanic. 

AP'RO-PoS (ap'ro-po), adv. [Fr.] 1. Opportunely ; season- 
ably. 2. By the way ; to the purpose : a word used to in 
troduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, 
though not strictly belonging to the narration. 

AP'SIS, n. ; pi. Ap'si-des. [Gr. ,,ipic.] 1. In astronomy, the 
apsides are the two points in the orbit of a primary 
planet which are at the greatest and least distance from 
the sun, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion 
of our planet. In the secondary planets, the apsides cor- 
respond to the moon's apogee and perigee. The fine con- 



• See Synopsis, a, E, I &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR. FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



ARA 



55 



uecting these is called the line of the apsides. 2. A dome ; 
and hence, particularly, a domed semi-circular or polyg- 
onal termination of the choir or aisles of a church. 

APT, a. [L. aptus.] 1. Fitted to some use or occasion ; as, a 
very apt remark. 2. Having a tendency to some act or 
result ; as, he is apt to be angry, damp seasons are apt to 
be unhealthy. 3. Peculiarly prompt and ready; as, apt 
for war, apt wit. — Syn. Fit ; meet ; suitable ; qualified ; 
inclined ; disposed ; liable ; ready ; quick ; prompt. 

APT, v. t. To fit ; to suit or adapt. 

APT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. 

\ A T'TITE, v. t. To make fit— Bailey. 

AP'TFR-A, n. pi. [Gr. a and nrepov.] A term applied to in- 
■jects without wings. 

AP'TER-AL, a. In architecture, a term applied to buildings 
which have no columns along the sides, but only in front 
or rear. 

AP'TER-OUS, n. 1. In zoology, destitute of wings. — 2. In 
botany, destitute of membranous expansions. 

APTER-YX, n. [Gr. a and nrtpv \.) A bird of New Zealand, 
with only short rudiments of wings, and without a tail. 

APTI-TUDE, n. 1. A natural or acquired disposition for a 
particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or 
effect. 2. Fitness ; suitableness. 3. Aptness ; readiness 
in learning ; docility. 

APT-I-Tu'DIN-AL, a. Containing aptitude. 

APT-I-Tu'DIN-AL-LY, adv. In an aptitudinal manner. 

APTLY, adv. In an apt or suitable manner ; with just cor- 
respondence of parts ; fitly; properly; justly; pertinently. 

APTNESS, n. 1. Fitness ; suitableness. 2. Disposition of 
the mind ; propensity. 3. Quickness of apprehension ; 
readiness in learning ; docility. 4. Tendency, in things. 

AP'TOTE, n. [Gr. a and tttucis.] In grammar, a noun 
which has no variation of termination ; an indeclinable 
noun. 

AP'Y-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and irvpeaa^.] The absence or in- 
termission of fever. 

A-PYHOUS, a. [Gr. a-nvpos.] Incombustible, or that sus- 
tains a strong heat without alteration of form or properties. 

1'QUA, n. [L. aqua, ; Sp. agua.] Water ; a word much 
used in pharmacy, and the old chemistry. 

A-QUA FOR'TIS, n. In the old chemistry, nitric acid. 

a'QUA MA-Ri'NA, n. A name which jewelers give to a 
variety of the beryl, on account of its color. 

A.-QUA Re'GI-A, n. In the old chemistry, nitro-muriatic acid. 

A-QUA Vl'T^E, n. Brandy, or spirit of wine. 

A-QUaTJ-AN, n. One of a sect of Christians, in the primi- 
tive. Church, who consecrated water in the eucharist, in- 
stead of wine. 

A-QUI'RI-UM, n. [L.] An artificial pond ir gardens for 
rearing aquatic plants. 

A-QUX'RI-US, n. [L.] The water bearer; a s\^A in the zo- 
diac, which the sun enters about the 21st of January. 

A-QUATIC, a. [L. aquaticus.] Pertaining to water ; applied 
to animals which live in water, as fishes. Aquatical i* 
rarely used. 

A-QUATIC, n. A plant which grows in water, as the flag. 

AQTJA-Tf LE, a. That inhabits the water.— Brown. [Rare.] 

A-QUA-TINTA n. [L. aqua and It tinta.] A method of 
etching on copper, by means of aqua fortis, by which a 
beautiful effect is produced, resembling a fine drawing in 
water colors or Indian ink. 

AQTJE-DUCT (ak'we-dukt), n. [L. aqua and ductus.] A con- 
duit made for conveying water from one place to another, 
either above or under the surface. — Among the ancients, 
it was ordinarily a structure of stone or brick raised on 
arches. The term has also been applied to a similar 
structure for conveying a canal over rivers or hollows, 
but aqueduct bridge is a more proper term. 

t_A-QUEl-TY, n. Wateriness.— Jb?2S07i. 

a'QUE-OUS, a. Watery ; partaking of the nature of water, 
or abounding with it. — Aqueous humor, in the eye, a trans- 
parent, limpid fluid. 

S'QUE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being watery ; water- 
ishness ; wateriness. 

a QUI-FORM, a. In the form of water. 

AQ'Ul-LA, n. [L.] In ornithology, the eagle. Also, a north- 
ern constellation. 

*AQT T I-LINE (-in or -ine), a. [L. aquilinus.] 1. Belonging to 
the eagle. 2. Curving ; hooked ; prominent, like the beak 
f>f an eagle ; as, an aquiline nose. 

AQ'UI-LON, n. [L. aquilo.] The north wind. 

AQ-UI-Ta'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aquitania, one of the 
creat divisions of Gaul. 

tA"-QUoSE', a. [L. aqua.] Watery.— Did. 

t A-QUOS1-TY, n. Wateriness.— Diet. 

A. R. stand for anno regni, the year of the king's reign ; as, 
A. R. G. R. 20, in the 20th year of the reign of King George. 

ARAB, n. A native of Arabia 

AR'A-BESQUE (ar'a-besk), a. 1. In the manner of the Ara- 
bians ; applied to pictures and ornaments consisting of 
imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, &c, in which there are 
no figures of men or animals. - 



ARB 

AR'A-BESQUE (ar'a-besk), n. An ornament executed in 
the arabesque 6tyle. 

A Ra'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arabitu 

A- Ra'BI-AN, n. A native of Arabia ; an Arab. 

AR'A-BIC, a. Belonging to Arabia, or the language of ite 
inhabitants. 

AR'A-BIC, n. The language of the Arabians. 

A-RAB'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the Arabian manner. 

AR'A-BISM, n. An Arabic idiom or peculiarity of language. 
— Stuart. 

AR'A-BIST, n. One well versed in the Arabic language or 
literature. 

AR'A-BLE, a. [L. aro.] Fit for ploughing or tillage ; hence, 
often applied to land which has been ploughed. 

AR'A-BY, n. Arabia.— Milton. 

A-RACHW-DAN, n., I [Gr. apa X i-V and etSoi.] Terms ap- 

A-RACH'NI-DA, n. pi., J plied to a class of articulate ani- 
mals with legs, but without wings ; including the spiders, 
mites, and scorpions. 

A-RACH'NOID, n. [Gr. apaxvn and eidoS-] In anatomy, the 
arachnoid tunic, or arachnoid, is a semi-transparent, thin 
membrane, which is spread over the brain and spinal cord 
between the dura mater and pia mater. 

A-RACH'NOID, n. A species of madrepore, found fossil. 

A-RACH-NOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in arachnology. 

A-RACH-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. apaxvvS and XoyoS-] The set 
ence or history of spiders and other arachnida. 

AR-A-CHo'SIAN, a. Designating a chain of mountains 
which divide Persia from India. 

AR-aIGN-EE' (ar-ran-ya/), ? n. [Fr.] In fortification, the 

AR-RIIGN' (ar-rane'), } branch, return, or gallery of a 
mine. 

tA-RUSE', v. t. To raise.— Shak. 

AR-A-Ma'I€, a. or n. A term applied to the language of the 
Syrians and Chaldeans, their literature, &c. 

AR-A-Me'AN, a. Pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, 
descendants of Aram, a son of Shem, or to their language, 
the Syro-Chaldaic. 

AR-A-Me'AN-ISM, n. An idiom of the Aramean language. 

A-RA-NeI-DAN, n. } Terms applied to a tribe of the arach- 

A-RA-NE'I-DiE, n.pl. } nida, including the proper spider. 

A-RI'NE-OUS, a. [L. aranea.] Resembling a cobweb. 

t A-RITION, n. [L. aratio.] A ploughing. — Cowley. 

A-Ra'TOR n. [L.] A ploughman. 

t AR'A-TO-RY, a. That contributes to tillage. 

AR-AU-€a'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Araucanians, a trio* 
of Indians in Chili 

IR'BAL-IST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross-bow. 

A.R'BAL-IST-ER, n. A cross-bowman. 

iR'BI-TER, n. [L.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen by 
parties in controversy, to decide their differences. 2. A 
person who has the power of judging and determining, 
without control. 3. One that commands the destiny, or 
holds the empire of a nation or state. — Syn. Arbitrator ; 
umpire ; controller ; ruler ; governor. 

XRT3I-TRA-BLE, a. 1. Arbitrary ; depending on the will. 
Spelman. — 2. Determinable. — Hall. 

IR-BITRA-MENT, n. 1. Will ; decision; determination. 
2. The award of arbitrators. — Cowel. 

iR'BI-TRA-RI-LY, adv. By will only ; despotically ; abso- 
lutely. 

iR'BI-TRA-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being arbitrary ; 
despoticahiess ; tyranny. 

tAR-BI-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Arbitrary; despotic. 

1 AR-BI-TRa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Arbitrarily. 

ARBI-TRA-RY, a. [L. arbitrarius.] 1. Depending on will or 
discretion ; not governed by any fixed rules. 2. Absolute 
in power ; having no external control. — Syn. Absolute ; 
despotic ; unlimited ; tyrannical ; imperative ; imperious ; 
peremptory. 

iR'BI-TRITE, v. i. [L. arbitror.] 1. To hear and decide aa 
arbitrators. 2. In a general sense, to decide or deter 
mine. — South. 
AR'BI-TRITE, v. t. To decide ; to determine ; to judge of. 

— Milton. 
AR-BI-TRI'TION, n. 1. The hearing and determination of 
a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or 
persons chosen by the parties. 
aR'BI-TRa-TOR, n. 1. A term applied to a person or per- 
sons chosen by parties who have a controversy, to de- 
termine their differences. 2. An arbiter, governor, or pres- 
ident. 3. An arbiter ; one who has the power of deciding 
or prescribing without control. — Addison. 
aR-BI-TRITRIX, n. A female who arbitrates or judges. 
aR-BITTIE-MENT, n. Will ; decision ; compromise. 
AR'BI-TRESS, n. A female arbiter, or witness ; as, " the 

moon sat silent arbitress." — Milton. 
AR'BOR, n. 1. A frame of lattice-work covered with vines, 
branches of trees, or other plants, for shade ; a bower. — 
2. In botany, a tree, as distinguished from a shrub. — 3. In 
mechanics, the principal spindle or axis which communi- 
cates motion to the other parts of a machine. — Arbor Di- 
ana (the tree of Diana, or silver), a precipitation of silvei 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; d as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ARC 



56 



ARC 



hi a beautiful arborescent form, made by putting mercury 
into a solution of nitrate of silver. Afbor Satur'ni (tree of 
Saturn, or lead), a similar precipitation of lead, made by 
putting zinc into a solution of acetate of lead. 
aR'BO-RA-RY, a. Belonging to a tree.— Diet. 
aR'BO-Ra-TOR, n. One who plants or who prunes trees. — 

Evelyn. 
XRBOR--ED, a. Furnished with an arbor. — Pollok. 
aR-Bo'RE-OUS, a. [L. arboreus.} Belonging to a tree ; re- 
sembling a tree ; constituting a tree ; growing on trees. 
AR-BO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. arboresco.] The figure of a tree ; 
the resemblance of a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, 
or groups of crystals in that form. 
aR-BO-RES'CENT, a. 1. Resembling a tree ; having the 
figure of a tree ; dendritical. 2. From herbaceous becom- 
ing woody. 
aR-BO-RES'CENT STaR'-FISH, n. A species of asterias, 

called also caput Medusas,. 
aR'BO-RET, n. [It. arboreto.] A small tree or shrub ; a 

place planted or overgrown with trees. 
aR-BO-Re'TUM, n. [L.] A place in a park, nursery, &c, 
in which a collection of trees, consisting of one of each 
kind, is cultivated. 
t aR-BOR'I€-AL, a. Relating to trees.— Haweli 
iR-BOR-I-€UL'TURE, n. [L. arbor and cultura.] The art 
of cultivating trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or orna- 
mental purposes. — Brande. 
a.R-BOR'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a tree. 
iR'BOR-IST, n. One who makes trees his study, or who is 

versed in the knowledge of trees. 
aR-BOR-I-Za'TION, n. The appearance or fig-ire of a tree 

or plant in minerals or fossils. 
AR'BOR-TZE, v. t. To form the appearance of a tree or 

plant in minerals. 
AR'BOR-VlNE, n. A species of bind-weed. 
aR'BUS-CLE (ar'bus-sl), n. [L. arbusculus.] A dwarf tree, 

in 6ize between a shrub and a tree. 
AR-BUS'€U-LAR, a. Resembling a shrub ; having the figure 

of small trees. 
iR-BUST'lVE, a. Containing copses of trees or shrubs; 

covered with shrubs. — Bartram. 
AR-BUST'UM, n. A copse of shrubs or trees ; an orchard. 
XR'BUTE, n. [L. arbutus.] The strawberry-tree. 
aR-Bu'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to or made of the strawberry- 
tree. 
AR€, n. [L. arcus.] In geometry, any part of the circum- 
ference of a circle, or other curved line, lying from one 
point to another ; a segment of a circle. 
aR-€aDE', n. [Fr.] 1. A long or continued arch or series 
of arches ; a walk arched above. 2. A long, arched build- 
ing or gallery, fined on each side with shops. — P. Cyc. 
aR-Ca'DI-AN, ? a. Pertaining to Arcadia, a district in Pelo- 
AR-€I'DI€, > ponnesus. 
aR-€a'DI-AN, a. A native of Arcadia, in Greece. 
a.R-€a'DI€S, n. The title of a book in Pausanias, which 

treats of Arcadia. 
aR-€a'DY, n. The country of Arcadia.— Milton. 
aR-€aNE', a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden; secret. [Rare.] 
XR-€a'NUM, n. [L.] A secret ; generally used in the plural, 

arca'na, secret things, mysteries. 
IR€-BoU'TANT (-boo'tang), n. [Fr.] In building, a flying 

buttress, which see. 
XRCH, n. [See Arc] 1. A segment, or part of a circle. A 
concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported 
by its own curve. 2. The space between two piers of a 
bridge, when arched '; or any place covered with an arch. 
3. Any curvature in form of an arch. 4. The vault of 
heaven, or sky. — Triumphal arches are magnificent struc- 
tures erected to adorn a triumph, and perpetuate the 
memory of the event. 
ARCH, v. t. To cover with an arch ; to form with a curve 
ARCH, v. i. To make an arch or arches. — Pope. 
AR.CH, a. [It. arcare.] Cunning ; sly ; shrewd ; waggish ; 

mischievous for sport ; mirthful. 

SRCH, a. [used also in composition.] [Gr. ap\oi.] Chief; 

of the first class ; principal. Shakspeare uses this word 

as a noun, " My worthy arch and patrons ;" but the use 

is not authorized. 

ARCH-A-BOM-IN-A'TION, n. Chief abomination.— Everett. 

aR-CHjE-OL'0-gY, n. A discourse on antiquity ; learning 

pertaining to antiquity , the science of antiquity. 
AR-CHiE-O'-LOG'IC-AL, a . Relating to archasology. 
XR-€H^"E-0-LOG'l€-AL-LY, adv. In an archaeological man- 
ner. 
XR-CH./E-OL'0-GlST, n. One versed in antiquity, or ancient 

learning. 
JLR-€HaTG, a. [Gr. a pxa'i ico s ] Ancient; obsolete. 
£R-€HAI-OL'0-gY, m See Archaeology. 
ARCHA-ISM, n. [Gr. apxatos.} An ancient or obsolete 

word or expression. 
A.R€H-aN'gEL, n. 1. An angel of the highest order ; an angel 
occupying the eighth rank in the celestial hierarchy. 2. The 
name of several species of plants of the genus lamium. 



aRCH-AN-gEL'I€, a. Belonging to archangels. 

aRCH-A-POS'TaTE, n. A chief apostate. 

XRCH-A-POS'TLE, n. The chief apostle. 

XRCH-XRCH'I-TECT, n. The Supreme Architect. 

aRCH-BeA'CON, n. The chief beacon, place of prospect 
or signal. 

ARCH-BISH'OP, n. A chief bishop ; a church dignitary of 
the first class ; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends 
the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and 
also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese. 

ARCH-BISH'OP-RIC, n. The jurisdiction, place, or prov 
ince of an archbishop. 

ARCH-BOTCH'ER, n. The chief botcher, or mender, iron 
ically. — Corbet. 

XRCH-BUILDER (-bild'er), n. Chief builder.— Harmar. 

ARCH-BUTLER, n. A chief butler ; an officer of the Ger 
man empire, who presented the cup to the emperor on 
solemn occasions. This, and the other offices under the 
empire, became extinct when the empire was dissolved in 
1806, and the Germanic Confederation took its place in 
1814-15. 

aRCH-CHaM'BER-LATN, n. A chief chamberlain ; an offi- 
cer of the German empire. 

XRCH-CHXN'CEL-LOR, n. A chief chancellor ; an officer 
in the German empire. 

aRCH-CHaNT'ER, n. The chief chanter, or president of 
the chanters of a church. — Henry. 

XRCH-CHEM'IC, a. Of supreme chemical powers. 

ARCH-CON-SPIR'A-TOR, n. Principal conspirator. 

ARCH-COUNT', n. A chief count ; a title formerly given to 
the Earl of Flanders. 

XRCH-CRIT'IC, n. A chief critic. 

aRCH-DAP'I-FER, n. An officer in the German empire. 

aRCH-DeA'CON (arch-de'kn), n. [See Deacon.] In Eng- 
land, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a 
bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over 
the whole diocese. 

XRCH-DeA'CON-RY, n. The office, jurisdiction, or resi- 
dence of an archdeacon. 

SRCH-DeA'CON-SHIP, n. The office of an archdeacon. 

aRCH-Di'O-CeSE, n. The diocese of an archbishop. 

ARCH-DI-VlNE', n. A principal theologian. 

aRCH-DRu'ID, n. A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient 
druids— Henry. 

aRCH-Du'CAL, a. Pertaining to an archduke. 

XRCH-DUCH'ESS, n. A title given to the females of the 
house of Austria. 

ARCH-DUCHT, n. The territory of an archduke or arch- 
duchess. — Ash. 

ARCH-DOKE', n. A title given to princes of the house of 
Austria. 

ARCH-DuKE'DoM, n. The territory or jurisdiction of an 
archduke or archduchess. 

aRCH-e'AL, a. Belonging to the archeus ; as, ar cheal ideas. 

A.RCH.ED (archt), pp. or a. Made with an arch or curve ; 
covered with an arch ; in the form of an arch. 

XRCH-EN'E-MY, n. A principal enemy. — Milton. 

ARCHER, n. [Sp. archero ; It. arciero ; Fr. archer.] A bow- 
man ; one who uses a bow in battle ; one who is skilled 
in the use of the bow and arrow. 

aR,CH'ER-ESS, 7i. A female archer. — Markham. 

aRCH'ER-Y, n. The use of the bow and arrow ; the prac- 
tice, art, or skill of archers ; the act of shooting with a 
bow and arrow. 

aRCH'ES-CGURT. In England, so called from the church 
of St. Mary le bow (de arcubus), whose top is raised of 
stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, 
is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, belonging 
to the archbishop of Canterbury. 

AR-CHET (ar-sha'), n. [Fr.] The bow of a violin or other 
similar instrument of music. The French phrase a archei 
(with the bow) denotes generally musical instruments 
played with a bow, as the violin, &c. 

XR€H'E-TYP-AL, a. Original ; constituting a model or pat- 
tern. 

aR€H'E-T?PE, ii. [Gr. apx^virov.] 1. The original pattern 
or model of a work ; or the model from which a thing is 
made. — 2. Among minters, the standard weight by which 
others are adjusted. — 3. Among Platonists, the archetypal 
world is the world as it existed in the idea of God before 
the creation. 

aRCH-e'US, n. [Gr. apxv, beginning, or apxoS, a chief; W 
erchi.] A term used by the old chemists, to denote the in 
ternal efficient cause of* all things. 
ARCH-FE_L'ON, n. A chief felon.— Milton. 
aRCH-FIeND' (arch-feend - ), n. A chief fiend or foe 
aRCH-FLa'MEN, n. A chief flamen or priest. 
XRCH-FLAT'TER-ER, n. A chief flatterer. 
ARCH-FoE', 11. A grand or chief enemy. 
XRCH-FOUND/ER. n. A chief founder.— Minora. 
A.RCHG6VERN-OR, n. The chief governor. 
XRCH-HER'E-SY, n. The greatest heresy.— Butler 
ARCH-HER'E-TIC, n. A chief heretic— S/cak. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MSVE, BQO&, 



ARC 



57 



ARE 



ARCH-H iT'O CRITE, n. A great or chief hypocrite. 

AR€H'I-I-TER, n. [Gr. apxoS and mrpos-] A term applied, 
on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician 
of princes, and to the first physician of some cities. 

iRCH'I€-AL, a. Chief; primary. — Hallywell. 

AR€H-I-DI-A€'ON-AL, a. [See Deacon.] Pertainjng to an 
archdeacon. 

AR€H-I-E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. Belonging to an archbishop. 

ARCH-I-E-PIS'CO-PA-CY, n. The state of an archbishop. 

X.RCH-1'E-REY, n. [Gr. apxos and hpsvs.] A term apphed 
to the higher order of clergy in Russia. 

ARCHIL, ?i. A lichen which grows on rocks-, and produces 
a rich purple tincture, called archil, or orchal. 

AR€H-I-Lo'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Archilochus, the poet, 
who invented a verse of seven feet. 

aR€H-I-Ma'GUS, n. The high priest of the Persian magi, 
or worshipers of fire. 

AR€H-I-MAND'RlTE, n. In the Greek Church, the chief of 
a monastery, answering to abbot; or the superintendent 
of a number of monasteries, corresponding to father pro- 
vincial in the Roman Catholic Church. 

iR-€HIM-E-De'AN, a. Pertaining to Archimedes. Archim- 
edean screw, a machine for raising water, invented by Ar- 
chimedes, and consisting of a tube rolled in a spiral form 
round a cylinder. 

S.RCH1NG, ppr. Forming an arch ; covering with an arch. 

iRCH'lNG, a. Curving like an arch. 

ARCH-l-PEL'A-GO, n. [Authors are not agreed as to the 
origin of this word. Some suppose it to be composed of 
apxos, chief, and TtAayo?, sea; others, of Aiyatos and n-tX- 
ayuS, the Egean Sea.] In a general sense, a sea interspersed 
with many islands ; a group of islands ; but particularly, 
the sea which separates Greece from Asia Minor, other- 
wise called the Egean Sea. 

ARCH'I-TECT, n. [Gr. afixoS and tektwv.] 1. A person 
skilled in the art of building ; one who understands archi- 
tecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and de- 
signs of buildings, and superintend the artificers employed. 
2. A contriver ; a former or maker. 

aR€H-I-TE€Ti VE, a. Used in building ; proper for building. 

ARCH-I-TE€T-ON'IC, a. Pertaining to architecture ; that 
has power or skill to build. 

\ AR€H-I-TE€T-ON'I€-AL, a. Having skill in architecture. 

ARCH-l-TECT-ONTCS, n. The science of architecture. 

IRCH-T-TECTTtESS, n. A female architect. 

1R€H-I-TECT'UR-AL, a. Pertaining to the art of building ; 
that is according to the rules of architecture. 

OCHI-TECT-URE, n. [L. architectural 1. The art or sci- 
ence of building ; but in a more limited and appropriate 
sense, the art of constructing houses, bridges, and other 
buildings, for the purposes of civil life, often called civil 
architecture. 2. Frame, or structure, or workmanship. — 
Military architecture is the art of fortification. — Naval arch- 
itecture is the art of building ships. 

aRCH'I-TRAVE, n. [Gr. apxos, and It. trave.] In architect- 
ure, the lower division of an entablature, or that part 
which rests immediately on the column. In chimneys, the 
architrave is called the mantel-piece; and over doors and 
windows, the hyperthyrion. 

iR€H'l-VAL, a. Pertaining to archives or records ; con- 
tained in records. — Tooke. 

SR'CHiVES, n. pi. [Gr. apxeiov ; Low L. archivum; Fr. ar- 
chives.] The place in which records are kept ; also, the 
records and papers which are preserved, as evidences of 
facts. — Syn. Registers ; records ; chronicles. 

LR'CHI-VIST, n. [Fr. and It.] The keeper of archives or 
records. 

XRCH'I-VOLT, n. In building, the inner contour of an 
arch ; or a band adorned with moldings, running over the 
faces of the arch-stones, and bearing upon the imposts. 

ARCH'LlKE, a. Built hke an arch.— Young. 

iRCH'LOTE, \n. [It. arcileuto.] A large lute, a theorbo, 

XRCH1-LUTE, 5 the base strings of which are doubled 
with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison. 

ARCHLY, adv. Shrewdly; wittily; jestingly. 

ARCH-MA-Gi"CIAN, n. The chief magician. 

ARCH-MXR'SHAL, n. The grand marshal of the German 
empire. 

ARCH-MOCK', n. Principal mockery or jest.— Sfiak. 

ARCHNESS, n. Cunning ; shrewdness ; waggishness. 

ARCH'ON, n. [Gr. apxuv.] The archons in Greece were 
chief magistrates, chosen to superintend civil and religious 
concerns. They were nine in number. — Encyc. 

XRCH'ON-SHIP, n. The office of an archon ; or the term 
of his office. — Mitford. 

XR€H-ON'TI€S, n. pi. In Church history, a branch of the 
Valentinians, who held that the world was not created by 
God, but by angels, archontes. 
ARCH-P aS'TOR, n. Chief pastor, the Shepherd and Bishop 
of our souls. — Barrow. 

iRCH-PHI-LOS'O-PHER, n. A chief philosopher. 
ARCH-PIL'LAR, n. The main pillar.— Harmar. 
IRCH-Po'ET, n. The principal poet. 



ARCH-POL-I-7rCIAN, n. An eminent or distinguished 
politician. — Bacon. 

ARCH-PON'TIFF, n. A supreme pontiff' or priest.— Burke. 

* XRCH-PREL'ATE, n. [See Prelate.] The chief prelate. 

ARCH-PRES'BY-TER, n. A chief presbyter or priest. 

ARCH-PRES'BY-TER-Y, n. The absolute dominion of pres 
bytery, or the chief presbytery. 

aRCH-PPJeST', n. A chief priest— Encyc. 

ARCH-PRl'MATE, n. The chief primate ; an archbishop 
over other archbishops. 

ARCH-PROPHET, n. Chief prophet— Warton. 

aRCH-PROT'EST-ANT, n. A principal or distinguished 
protestant. 

iRCH-PUB'LIC-AN, n. The distinguished publican. 

aRCH-REB'EL, n. The chief rebel.— Milton. 

IRCH'SToNE, n. The stone that binds an arch ; the key- 
stone. 

aRCH-TRIIT'OR, n. A principal traitor. 

aRCH-TREAS'UR-ER (arch-trezh'ur-er), n. The great treas- 
urer of the German empire. 

ARCH-TREAS'UR-ER-SHIP, n. The office of archtreasur 
er. — Collins 1 s Peerage. 

XRCH-TYHANT, n. A principal or great tyrant.— Hall. 

ARCH-VIL'LAIN, n. A chief or great villain. 

ARCH-VIL'LAIN-Y, n. Great villainy. 

aRCH'WaY, n. A way or passage under an arch. 

XRCH'WaY.ED, a. Having a way under an arch. 

t ARCH-WlFE', n. A woman in the higher rank of society. 
— Chaucer. 

ARCHWISE, adv. In the form of an arch. 

t XRCH'Y, a. In the form of an arch. — Partheneia Sacra. 

T AR-CIT'E-NENT, a. [L. arcitenens.] Bow-bearing.— Diet. 

ARC'O GRAPH, n. An instrument for drawing a circular 
arc without a central point. 

aR€-Ta'TJ9N, In. [L. arctus.} Preternatural straitness ; 

ARC'TI-TUDE, 5 constipation from inflammation or spasm. 

ARCTIC, a. [Gr. ai-KroS-] Northern ; pertaining to the north 
ern cqnstellati.cn called the Bear ; as, the arctic pole. — Th* 
arctic circle is a leaser circle, parallel to the equator, 23'- 
28' from the north, pole. This and the antarctic circle ar* 
called the polar ci -clcs, and within these he the frigid zones 

aR€'TO-E-gYPTIAN, n. [Gr. ap KT os and Egyptian.} 1. I 
northern Egyptian, app irontly originating from Circassia 
2. a. Pertaining to the northern Egyptians. 

ARC-Tu'RUS, n. [Gr. apKroi and o v pa.] A fixed star of th* 
first magnitude, in the constel'afou of Bootes. 

ARC'^-ATE, a. [L. arcuatus.] Bent or curved in the forn 
of a bow. 

t ARG'U-A-TlLE, a. Bent.— Diet. 

iiR€-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of bending; incurvation ; the 
state of being bent ; curvity ; crookedness, , great convex- 
ity of the thorax. 2. A method of rai? it g fees by layers 
that is, by bending branches to the ground, and covering 
the small shoots with earth. 

IR'CU-BAL-IST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] \ cross-bow. 

A.R-GU-BAL'IS-TER, n. A cross-bowman , one who usea 
the arcubalist 

aRD, the termination of many English wr x\n, is the Ger. 
art, species, kind ; Sw. and Dan. art, mode, nail re, genius, 
form. We observe it in Goddard, a divine temper ■ Gif 
fard, a disposition to give, liberality ; Bernard, filial affec- 
tion ; standard, drunkard, dotard, &c. 

AR-DAS'SINES, n. A very fine quality of Persian silk, the 
finest used in the looms of France. 

IRDEB, n. A Turkish measure, a little more than eigh: 
bushels. 

AR'DEN-CY, n. [L. ardens.] Warmth of passion or affec- 
tion ; ardor, eagerness. 

ARDENT, a. 1. Hot ; burning ; that causes a sensation of 
burning. 2. Having the appearance or quality of fire ; as. 
ardent eyes. 3. Warm, apphed to the passions and aftec 
tions ; much engaged. — Syn. Burning ; hot ; fiery ; in 
tense ; fierce ; vehement ; eager ; zealous ; keen ; fervid ; 
fervent ; passionate ; affectionate. 

aR'DENT-LY, adv. With warmth ; affectionately ; passion- 
ately. 
AR'DENT-NESS, n. Ardency. 

aRTJERS, n. pi. Fallowings or plowings of grounds. — Grose. 

ARDOR, n. [L.] 1. Heat, in a literal sense. 2. Warmth, 

or heat, applied to the passions and affections ; eagerness. 

t AR-DU'I-TY, n. Height ; difficulty.— Diet. 
AR'DU-OUS (ard'yu-us). a. [L. arduus.} 1. High, lofty, in 
a literal sense. 2. Attended with great labor, like the as 
cending of acclivities ; as, an arduous employment, task, 
or enterprise. — Syn. Difficult ; trying ; laborious ; pain- 
ful ; exhausting. 
AR'DU-OUS-LY, adv. In an arduous manner ; with labori 

ousness. 
AR'DU-OUS-NESS, n. Height; difficulty of execution. 
ARE (ar). The plural of the substantive verb to be. 
ARE, n. [L. area.] In French measure, the new square 

perch, containing a hundred square meters. 
A'RE. See Alamire. 



MVE ; BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vr'CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 1 Obsolete, 



ARG 



58 



AUG 



*'RE-I, n. [L.] 1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a 
room, of a church, or other building, or of the ground. 2. 
The inclosed space or site on which a building stands , a 
sunken place around the basement of a building.— 3. In 
geometry, the superficial contents of any figure ; the sur- 
face included within any given lines ; as, the area of a 
square or a triangle. — 4. Among physicians, baldness ; an 
empty space ; a bald space produced by alopecy ; also a 
name of the disease. — 5. In mining, a compass of ore al- 
lotted to diggers. 

A Re AD', \v.t. [Sax. aredan.] To counsel; to advise. — 
A-REED', ) Spenser. 

i'RE-AL, a. Pertaining to an area. — Barton. 
!-RE'€ A, n. A kind of palm-tree, one of whose species pro- 
duces the areca-nut, or betel-nut, which is so extensively 
chewed in India, with the leaf of the pepper, betel, and 
lime. 
&.-REEK'. adv. In a reeking condition. — Swift. 
AR-E-F ACTION, n. [L. arefacio.) The act of drying ; the 

state of growing dry. — Bacon. 
AR'E-FY, v. t. To dry or make dry. — Bacon. 
A-Re'NA n. [L. sand.] 1. An open space of ground, strewed 
with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient Rome, ex- 
hibited shows of fighting for the amusement of specta- 
tors. Hence, 2, figuratively, any place of public contest 
or exertion ; as, the arena of debate, the arena of life. — 
3. The middle of a temple or inclosed place. Elmes. — 4. 
Among physicians, sand or gravel in the kidneys. 
AR-E-NI'CEOUS, a. 1. Sandy ; having the properties of 

sand. 2. Friable. 
AR-E-Ni'RI-OUS, a. [From arena, sand.] Sandy, abound- 
ing in sand ; as, an arenarious soil. — Brande. 
AR-E-Na/TION, n. Among physicians, a sand bath ; a 

sprinkling of bot sand upon a diseased person. 
A-REN'DAL-lTE, n. In mineralogy, another name of epi- 

dote, or pistacite. 
AR-EN-Da'TOR, n. [Rus. arenda.] In Livonia, and other 

provinces of Russia, a farmer of the farms or rents. 
A-REN-I-LIT'I€, a. [L. arena, and Gr. AiOoS-] Pertaining to 

sand-stone ; consisting of sand-stone. 
AR-E-NoSE', a. Sandv ; full of sand. — Johnson. 
t A-REN1J-LOUS, a. Full of small sand. 
AR'E-OLE, ) n. [L.] The colored circle round the nipple, 
A-RE'O-LA, ) or round a pustule. 
A-Re'O-LAR, a. Pertaining to an areola. — Lawrence. 
A-RE'O-LATE, a. Divided into small spaces or areolations. 
A-RE-O-La'TION, n. Any small space bounded by some 

part ditfering in color and structure. 
AR-E-OM'E-TER. n. [Gr. apatos and ^erpcu).] An instru- 
ment for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. 
AR-E-O-MET'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to an areometer. 
AR-E-OM'E-TRY, n. The measuring or art of measuring 

the specific gravity of fluids. 
AR-E-OPA-GlTE, n. A member of the Areopagus. 
AR-E-OP- A-GlT'IC, a. Pertaining to the Areopagus.— M itford. 
AR-E-OPA-GUS, n. [Gr. Ap>jS and nayos.] A sovereign tri- 
bunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality 
of its decisions. 
A'RE-O-STYLE, n. [Gr. apaios and otv'Xos.] In architecture, 
an arrangement of columns with wide spaces between 
them. — Elmes. 
X-RE-O-SYS'TyLE, n. In architecture, an arrangement of 
columns in pairs, thus presenting alternately very wide 
and very narrow intercolumniations. 
Z-RE-OTIC, a. [Gr. npaioS-] Attenuating , making thin, as 

in liquids ; rarefying. 
i-RE-OTIC, n. A medicine which attenuates the humors, 
dissolves viscidity, opens the pores, and increases perspi- 
ration ; an attenuant. — Care. 
AR-E-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. apern and Aoyo?.] That part of 

moral philosophy which treats of virtue. 
XR'GAL, n. Unrefined or crude tartar, a substance adher- 
ing to the sides of wine casks. 
iR'GAND-LAMP, n. [From the name of the inventor.] A 
lamp in which, by means of a hollow wick and a glass chim- 
ney, a strong clear light is produced, by placing the flame 
between two currents of air. 
A.R-GEAN, a. Pertaining to Argo or the Ark. 
XR'GENT, n. [L. argentum.] 1. The white color in coats 
of arms, intended to represent silver, or purity, innocence, 
beauty, or gentleness.— 2. a. Silvery ; of a pale white, like 
silver. — Johnson. 3. a. Bright, like silver. — Pope. 
iR-GENTAL, a. Pertaining to silver ; consisting of silver ; 
containing silver. Cleaveland. — Argental silver, the native 
amalgam of sfver. 
iR'GENT-AN, n. An alloy of nickel with copper and zinc ; 

German silver. 
A.R-GENT-ATION, n. An overlaying with silver. 
AR'GENT-HORN^D, a. Silver-horned. 
aR-gENT-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. argentum.] Containing silver. 

— Kirwan. 
AR-GEN-Tl'NA, n. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the 
salmon family. 



aR'gENT-INE, a. Like silver; silvery; pertaining to silvei 
or sounding like it. — Johnson. 

iR'GENTlNE, n. In mineralogy, a silicious variety of car 
bonate of lime, having a white, pearly appearance, and a 
waving or curved lamellar structure. 

AR'GENT-lNE RE-PUP/LIC, n. A name given to the states 
of Buenos Ayres, a South American confederation. 

t aR'gENT-RY, n. Materials of silver.— Howell. 

aR'gIL, n. A species of the ardea, or genus of cranes. 

AR'GlL, n. [L. argilla.] In a general sense, clay, or potter s 
earth ; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alumine. 

IR-GIL-La'CEOUS, a. [L. argiUaceus.] Partaking of the 
nature of clay ; clayey ; consisting of argil. 

AR-GIL-LIF'ER-OUS; a. [L. argilla and fero.] Containing 
clay. 

aR'gIL-LITE, n. Argillaceous schist or slate ; clay-slab;, 
usually of a bluish or blackish gray color. — Kirwan. 

AR-GIL-LITIC, a. Pertaining to argillite. 

AR-GIL'LO-AR-E-NI'CEOUS, a. Consisting of clay and 
sand ; as a soil. 

aR-gIL'LO-€AL-Ca'RE-OUS, a. Consisting of clay and 
calcareous earth. _ 

AR-GlL-LO-CAL'ClTE, n. [L. argilla and calx.] A species 
of calcareous earth, or limestone, with a large proportion 
of clay. 

AR-GlL-LO-MO'RlTE, 7i. [L. argilla.] A species of earth, 
consisting of magnesia, mixed with 6ilex, alumine, and 
lime ; a variety of magnesite. 

IR-GlL'LOUS, a. Consisting of clay; clayey; partaking of 
clay ; belonging to clay. — Bj-own. 

IR'GlVE, a. Designating what belongs to Argos, the capi- 
tal of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were called 
Arsivi. 

aR'GO, n. The name of the ship which carried Jason and 
his companions to Colchis, after the golden fleece. 

aR-GoAN, a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. — Faber 

XR'GOL. See Argal. 

aR-GOLTG, a. Belonging to Argolis. 

AR-GOL'ICS, n. The title of a chapter in Pausanias, whicu 
treats of Argolis. 

IR'GO-NAUT, n. [Gr. Apyu> and vavrnS-] One of the per- 
sons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in 
quest of the golden fleece. 

AR-GO-NAUT'A, n. A genus of shells, of the class cephalo 
poda. The argonauta argo is known under the popular 
name of the paper nautilus. 

XR-GO-NAUTIC, a. Pertaining to the Argonauts. 

AR-GO-NAUTICS, n. A poem on the subject of the expe- 
dition of the Argonauts. 

aR'GO-Na'VIS, n. [L.] The ship Argo, a constellation in 
the southern hemisphere. 

AR'GO-SY, n. [Sp. Argos, Jason's ship.] A large merchant 
man ; a carrac. — Shak. 

AR'GuE, v. i. [L. arguo.] 1. To invent and offer reasons to 
support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure. 
2. To dispute ; to reason with ; followed by with. — Syn. 
To reason ; evince ; discuss ; debate ; expostulate ; re- 
monstrate. 

AR'GuE, v. t. 1. To debate or discuss ; to treat by reason- 
ing. 2. To prove or evince ; to manifest by inference or 
deduction, or to show reasons for. 3. To persuade by 
reasons. 4. Formerly, to accuse, or charge with ; a Latin 
sense, now obsolete. — Dryden. 

AR'Gv ED, pp. Debated; discussed; evinced; persuaded; 
accused. 

aR'GU-ER, n. One who argues ; a reasoner ; a disputer ; a 
controvertist. 

AR'GU-ING, ppr. Inventing and offering reasons ; disput- 
ing ; discussing ; evincing ; persuading ; accusing. 

AR'GU-ING, n. R-easoning ; argumentation. 

AR'GU-MENT, n. [L. arg amentum.] 1. A reason offered for 
or against a proposition, opinion, or measure ; a reason 
offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind, — 

2. In logic, an mference drawn from premises which are 
indisputable, or at least of probable truth. 3. The subject 
of a discourse or writing. — Milton. 4. An abstract or sum- 
mary of a book, or the heads of the subjects. 5. A debate 
or discussion ; a series of reasoning. — 6. In astronomy, 
the quantity on which another quantity in a table de- 
pends ; as, the altitude is the argument of the refraction 
— Bran de. 

f AR'GU-MENT, v. i. To reason ; to discourse. — Gower. 

AR-GU-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be argued.— Dr. Chal- 
mers. 

AR-GU-MENT'AL, a. Belonging to argument ; consisting in 
argument. — Pope. 

aR-GU-MENT-a'TION, n. Reasoning ; the act of reasoning , 
the act of inventing or forming reasons, making indue 
tions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case 
in discussion. 

AR-GU-MENT'A-TlVE, a. 1. Consisting of argument; con- 
taining a process of reasoning. 2. Showing reasons for 

3. Addicted to argument ; as, an argumentative writer 



See Synopsis. A, E I, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



AftI 



59 



ARM 



State of being argument- 
In an argumentative man- 



1R-GU-MENTA-TIVE-NESS, n. 
ative. 

AR-GU-MENTA-TlVE-LY, adv. 
ner. — Taijlor. 

r aR'GU-MENT-IZE, v. i. To debate. 

t AR'GU-MENT-lZ-ER, n. One who debates or reasons. 

AR-GU-MEN'TUM AD HOM'I-NEM. [L.j An argument 
derived from the principles or conduct ot an antagonist 

iR'GUS, n. A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had 
a hundred eyes, who was placed by Juno to guard Io. 

iR'GUS-SHELL, n. A species of porcelain-shell beautiful- 
ly variegated with spots. 

f aR-GU-Ta'TION, n. [L. argutatio.] Debate ; cavil ; dis- 
putation. 

aR-GOTE', a. [L. argutus.] Sharp ; shrill ; subtile ; witty. 
[Little used.] 

AR-G uTE'NESS, n. Acuteness ; wittiness.— Dryden. [Rare.] 

a'RI-A, n. [It.] An air, song, or tune. 

a. Pertaining to Arius, who held that Christ was 



and that the 



I'RI-AN, 
not God, but the highest of created bein< 

_ Holy Spirit was not God. 

A'RI-AN, n. One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius. 

I'RI-AN-1SM, n. The doctrines of the Arians. 

aTU-AN iZE, v. i. To admit the tenets of the Allan's. 

A-RIC'I-NA, n. A vegetable alkaloid from the bark of a spe- 
cies of cinchona, first brought from Arica, in Peru. 

ARTD, a. [L. aridus.] Dry ; exhausted of moisture ; parch- 
ed with heat. 

AR1D-AS, n. A kind of taffety, from the East Indies. 

A-RID'I-TY, > n. 1. Dryness ; a state of being without moist- 

ARTD-NESS, j ure. 2. A dry state of the body ; emacia- 
tion; marasmus. 

aHI-eS, n. [L.] 1. The Ram, a constellation of fixed stars ; 
the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac. 2. The batter- 
ing ram. 

-f AR'I-E-_TaTE, v. i. [L. arieto.] To butt, as a ram. 

AR-I-E-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of butting, as a ram ; the 
act of battering with the aries, or battering ram. 2. The 
act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.] 

AR-I-ET'TA, n. [It.] A short son? ; an air, or little air. 

A-RlGHT (a-rite'), adv. [Sax. gericht.] Rightly ; in a right 
form ; without mistake or crime. 

ARIL, ) n. The exterior coat or covering of a seed, 

A-RIL'LUS, j fixed to it at the base only. 

ARTL-La-TED, ) a. Having an exterior covering, or aril, as 

AR'ILL£D, 5 coffee.— Encyc— Eaton. 

A-RI-MAN, 1 m , . , _ .. 

A'RIMA. \ n ' \." er - all riman.] The evil genius or demon 

AHTd-MAN, } of the Persians - 

AR-I-O-Li'TION, \n. [L. ariolus, or hariolus.] A sooth- 

HARI-O-La'TION, 5 saying ; a foretelling.— Brown. 

AR'I-oSE, a. Characterized by melody as distinguished 
from harmony. — F. Q. Rev. 

AR-1-o'SO a [It.] Light; airy. Literally, in the manner of 
an air. When prefixed to an air, it denotes a sustained, 
elaborate style — In instrumental music, a sustained, vocal 
style % 

A-RiSE', v. i. ; pret arose ; pp. arisen : (a-rize', a-roze', a-iizn') 
[Sax. arisan.] 1. To ascend, mount up, or move to a high- 
er place. 2. To emerge from below the horizon. 3. To 
get out of bed ; to leave the place or state of rest ; or to 
leave a sitting or lying posture. 4. To begin ; to spring 
up ; to originate. 5. To revive from death ; to leave the 
grave. 6. To begin to act ; to exert power ; to move from 
a state of inaction. 7. To appear, or become known ; to 
become visible, sensible, or operative. 8. To be put in 
motion ; to swell or be agitated. 9. To invade, assault or 
begin hostility ; followed by against. 

^.-RISING, ppr. Ascending ; moving upward ; originating, 
or proceeding from ; getting up ; springing up ; appearing. 

A-RIS'TA, n. [L.J In botany, the awn ; the pointed beard, 
which issues from the husk, or scaly flower-cup of the 
grasses, called the glume. — Milne. 

ARlS-TiRCH, n. [From Aristarchus, a critic of great se- 
verity among the ancients.] A severe critic. — Knowles. 

AR-IS-TaR€H'I-AN, a. Seve 
critic Aristarchus. 

AR'IS-TaR€H-Y, n. [Gr. apiaroS and ap X ri.] A body of 
good men in power, or government by excellent men. — 
Harington. 

A.-RIS'TaTE, a. Awned ; having a pointed, beard-like proc- 
ess, as the glumes of wheat. 

AR-IS-TOCRA-CY, n. [Gr. aptaros and Kpareco.] 1. A form 
of government in which the whole supreme power is 
vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged 
order. 2. The nobility, or chief persons in a state. 

AR'IS-TO-€RAT, or A-RIS'TO-CRAT, n. One who favors 
an aristocracy in principle or practice. — Burke. 

AR-IS-TO-CRATIC, (a. 1. Pertainin? to aristocracy. 

AR-I8-TO-CRATTC-AL, J 2. Partaking of aristocracy. 

AR-IS-TO-€RAT'I€-AL-LY, adv. In an aristocratical manner. 

AR-IS-TO-CRATTC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being ar- 
istocratical. 



Severely critical like the ancient 



AR-IS-TOCRA-TY n. The same as aristocracy.— Burton, 

AR-IS-TO-PHANTC, a. Pertaining to Aristophanes.— N A 
Rev. 

AR-IS-TO-TE'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aristotle. 

AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, n. A follower of Aiistotle, who found- 
ed the sect of the Peripatetics. 

AR-IS-TO-TE'LI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy or doctrines 
of Aristotle. 

AR-IS-TO-TEL'I€, a. Pertaining to Aristotle, or to his phi 
losophy. 

* AR'ITH-MAN-CY, or A-RITHMAN-CY, n. [Gr. apidixos and 
pavreia.] Divination, or the foretelling of future events by 
the use or observation of numbers. 

A-RITH'ME-TIC, n. [Gr. apiBjxnriKn.] The science of num 
bers, or the art of computation. 

AR-ITH-MET'I€, \ a. Pertaining to arithmetic ; accord 

AR-ITH-METTC-AL, 5 ing to the rules or method of ar 
ithmetic. 

AR-ITH-MET1C-AL-LY, adv. According to the rules, prin 
ciples, or method of arithmetic. 

A-RITH-ME-Tl"CIAN, n. One skilled in arithmetic, or 
versed in the science of numbers. 

iRK, n. [Ft. arche ; L. area.] 1. A small, close vessel, chest, 
or coffer, such as that which was the repository of the ta 
bles of the covenant among the Jews. The vessel in which 
Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark of bulrush- 
es. 2. The large, floating vessel, in which Noah and his 
family were preserved during the deluge. 3. A deposit- 
ory. 4. A large boat used on American rivers to transport 
produce to market. 5. In early English and Scottish writ 
ers, a chest or coffer ; as, an ark for meal. 

IRK'TIZ-ITE, ( n. A mineral, now called Wernerite ; a va- 

aR€'TIZ-iTE, S riety of scapolite. 

ARM, n. [Sax. arm, earm; D. G. Sw. Dan. arm; L. armus.] 

1. The limb of the human body which extends from the 
shoulder to the hand. 2. The branch of a tree, or the 
slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. 
3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea. 4. Figuratively, 
power, might strength ; as, the secular arm. 

A.RM, v. t. [L. armo ; Fr. armer ; Sp. armar ; It. armare.] 1. 
To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense. 

2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, 
force, or security 3. To furnish with means of defense; 
to prepare for resistance ; to fortify, in a moral sense. 4. 
To fit up ; to furnish with means of action or effect ; as. 
to arm a hook, in angling ; to arm a dressing, in surgery. 
To arm a loadstone, is to provide it with an armatureT 

ARM, v. i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of et- 
tack_ or resistance ; to take arms. 

aR-Ma'DA, n. [Sp.] A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. 
The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called the 
Invincible Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended to act 
against England in the reign of Elizabeth. 

A.R-MA-DIL'LO, n. [Sp.] A quadruped peculiar to South 
America, called also tatou, and in zoology the dasypus. 
It is covered with a hard, bony shell, divided on the back 
into movable belts. 

aRMA-MENT, n. [L. armamenta.] 1. A body of forces 
equipped for war ; used of a land or naval force. 2. In 
naval affairs, the guns and other munitions of war with 
which a ship is armed. 

aRM-A-MENTA-RY, n. An armory ; a magazine or arsenal. 
[Rarely used.] 

aRM'A-TURE, n. [L. armatura.] 1. Armor ; that which de- 
fends the body. — 2. In ancient military art, an exercise per 
formed with missive weapons, as darts, spears, and ar 
rows. The armature of a magnet is a piece of iron which 
connects the two poles, for the purpose of keeping the 
magnetic power undiminished. 

aE/MAN, n. A confection for restoring appetite in horses 
— Diet. 

aRM'-CHaIR, n. A chair with arms. 

aRM£D'-CHIIR, n. An elbow-chair. See Akm-chaib. 

XRMjED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense 
or defense ; furnished with the means of security ; forti- 
fied, in a moral sense. — 2. In heraldry, armed is when the 
beaks, talons, horns, or feet of beasts and birds of prey are 
of a different color from the rest of the body. 3. Furnished 
with an armature, as the loadstone — A. In botany, having 
prickles or thorns.— Armed en flute. A ship i3 said to be 
armed en flute, i. e., after the manner of a transport, when 
part of the guns are taken out to make room, and her 
effective force is thus reduced below that at which she 
rates. 

aR-Me'NI-AN. a. Pertaining to Armenia. 

aR-Me'NI-AN, 72, A native of Armenia, or the language of 
the country. 

aR-Me'NI-AN BoLE. A species of clay from Armenia, and 
found in other countries. [Disused.] 

aR-Me-NI-AN SToNE. A soft blue stone, consisting of cal- 
careous earth or gypsum, with the oxyd of copper. 

t aR-MENTAL, ?o. [L. armentalis.] Belonging to a drove 

t aR-MENTTNE, > or herd of cattle.— Diet. 



DoVE :— BULL, FINITE ;— AN"GER VrCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as iiUAw t Obsolete. 



ARO 



60 



ARR 



s A ?.MEN-ToSE', a. Abounding with cattle.— Diet. 

ARME-Pu'IS-SANT, a. Powerful in arms. — Weever. 

ARM'FUL, n. As much as the arms can hold. 

t aRM'GaUNT, a. Slenier, as the axm.—Shak. 

iRM'HoLE, n. 1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the 
armpit. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment. 

IRM'i-GER, n. [L. One who bears arms.] An esquire, a 
knight's companion ; but m present usage, armiger is a ti- 
tle of dignity next in degree to a knight. Armiger is still 
retained as a title of respect, being the Latin word for es- 
quire, which see, 

iR-MlG'ER-OUS, a. [L. armiger.] Bearing arms. 

ARM'IL-LA-RY, a. [L. armilla.] Resembling a bracelet, or 
ring ; consisting of rings or circles. The armillary sphere 
is an astronomical machine, composed of a number of 
hoops or circles representing the different circles in the 
system of the world, as the equator, ecliptic, &c, put to- 
gether in their natural order and relative positions. 

r XRM'IL-LA-TED, a. Having bracelets. 

ARMING, ppr. Equipping with arms; providing with the 
means of defense or attack ; fitting with an armature, as a 
magnet. 

aRM'INGS, n.pl. The same as waist-clothes, hung about a 
ship's upper works. — Chambers. 

XR-MIN'IAN, a. Pertaining to Arminius, or designating bis 
principles. 

XR-MIN'IAN, n. One of a sect or party of Christians, so 
called from Arminius, or Harmansen. 

XR-M1N'IAN-ISM, n. The peculiar doctrines or tenets of 
the Arminians. 

XRM-IP'O-TENCE, n. [L. arma and potentia.] Power in 
arms. — Johnson. 

XRM-IP'O-TENT, a. Powerful in amis. 

ARM-IS'O-NOUS, a. Sounding or rustling in arms 

ARM'IS-TlCE, n. [L. arma and sisto ; Fr. armistice.] A ces- 
sation of arms, for a 6hort time, by convention ; a truce ; 
a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the 
parties. 

ARM'LESS, a. Without an arm ; destitute of weapons. — 
Beaum. §■ Fl. 

iRM'LET, n. A small arm ; as, an armlet of the sea ; a 
piece of armor for the arm ; a bracelet. — Dryden. 

XR-Mo'NI-AC. n. A sort of volatile salt. See Ammoniac. 

ARM'OR, n. 1. Defensive arms ; any habit worn to protect 
the body in battle ; formerly called harness. Coat-armor is 
the escutcheon of a person or family. Armor of a magnet, 
the same as armature. 

XRM'OR-BEaR-ER, n. One who carries the armor of an- 
other. 

ARM'OR-ER, n. 1. A maker of armor or arms ; a manufac- 
turer of instruments of war. 2. One who has the care of 
the arms and armor of another, and dresses him in armor ; 
as, " the armorers accomplishing the knights." — Shah. 

A.RM-5'RI-AL, a. Belonging to armor, or to the arms or es- 
cutcheon of a family. 

AR-MOR'i€, }a. Designating the northwestern part of 

AR-MOR'I€-AN, ) France, formerly called Armorica. 

XR-MORTC, n. The language of the Armoricans ; one of 
the Celtic dialects. 

A.R-MOR1C-AN, n. A native- of Armorica. 

XRM'OR-IST, n. One skilled in heraldry. 

SRM'OR-Y, n. T. A place where arms and instruments of 
war are deposited. 2. Armor; offensive and defensive 
arms. 3. Ensigns armorial. 4. The science or knowledge 
of coat-armor. 5. In the United States, a place where 
arms are manufactured. 

aRM'PIT, n. The hollow place under the shoulder. 

ARMS, n.pl. [L. arma; Fr. arme ; Sp. It. arma.] 1. Weap- 
ons of offense, or armor for defense and protection of the 
body. 2. War ; hostility. 3. The ensigns armorial of a 
family. Fire-arms are such as may be charged with pow- 
der, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c. A stand of arms 
consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box, and belt, with 
a sword. — In falconry, arms are the legs of a hawk from 
the thigh to the foot To be in arms, to be in a state of 
hostility, or preparation for war. To take arms, to arm 
hr attack or defense. To bear arms, to be trained to the 
profession of a soldier. To arms ! denotes the taking of 
arms ; or as an exclamation, it is a summons to take arms. 
XRMS'-END, n. At the end of the arms, at a good dis- 
tance. 
IRM'-SHaP'^D (-shapt), a. Shaped like the arm.— Smith. 
;RM S'-LENGTH, n. The length of the arm. To keep one 
at arms-leng'h, is sometimes used figuratively for keeping 
him at a distance ; not allowing close contact or familiarity. 
ARM'S- REACH, n. Within the stretch of the arm. 
iR'MY, n. [Fr. armee.] 1. A collection or body of men 

armed for war. 2. A great number ; a vast multitude. 
XR'NOJ -D-IST, n. A disciple of Arnold of Brescia. 
AR'NOT, n. A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut. 
aR-NOT'TO, n. The anotta, which see. Also, a tree so called. 
AR'NUTS, n. Tall oat grass. 
1 A-ROINT. See Aroynt. 



A-Ro'MA, v. [Gr. apu>na.\ The quality of plants or other 

substances which constitutes their fragrance. 
AR-O-MAT'iC, ) a. Fragrant ; spicy ; strong-scented : 
AR-O-MATIC-AL, 5 having an agreeable odor ; odorifer 

ous. 
AR-O-MAT'IC, n. A plant, drug, or medicine, chai notorized 

by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungo.it taste 
AR-0-MAT-I-ZITION, n. The act of impregnating or scent 

ing with aroma, or rendering aromatic. 

* A-Ro'MA-TlZE, v. t. To impregnate with aroma ; to in 
fuse an aromatic odor ; to give a spicy scent or taste , $e 
perfume. 

* A-Ro'MA-TlZ.ED, pp. Impregnated with aroma ; rendered 
fragrant. 

* A-Ro'MA-TlZ-ER, n. That which communicates an aro- 
matic quality. — Evelyn. 

* A-Ro'MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Rendering spicy ; impregnating 
with aroma, 

A-Ro'MA-TOUS, a. Containing aroma, or the principle of 
fragrance. 

AR'OPH, n. 1. A name by which saffron is sometimes called. 
2. A chemical preparation of Paracelsus, formed by sub- 
limation from equal quantities of hematite and sal ammoniac. 

A-RoSE'. The past or preterite tense of the verb to arise. 

A-ROUND', prep. 1. About ; on all sides ; encircling ; en- 
compassing. 2. In a looser sense, from place to place ; at 
random. 

A-ROUND', adv. 1. In a circle ; oh every side. 2. In a 
looser sense, at random ; without any fixed direction. 

A-RoU'RA, n. [Gr.] A Grecian measure of fifty feet. 

A-ROUSE' (a-rouz / ), v. t. To call into action that which is 
at rest ; to stir, or put in motion or exertion that which is 
languid. — Syn. To excite ; stir up ; call forth ; awaken ; 
animate ; rouse. 

A-ROUS'.ED (a-rouzd'), pp. Excited into action ; put in mo- 
tion. 

A-ROUS'ING,^pr. Putting in motion ; stirring; exciting into 
action or exertion. 

A-RoW, adv. In a row ; successively. 

t A-ROYNT', adv. Be gone ; away. — Shah. 

aR-PEg'GI-O, n. [It.] In music, the striking the notes of a 
chord in quick succession, after the manner of playing on 
a harp. 

XR'PENT (aTpong), n. [Fr.] A portion of land in France, 
ordinarily containing one hundred square rods or perches, 
each of 18 feet. But the arpent is different in different 
parts of France. 

aR-OUE-BUS-aDE', n. 1. A distilled liquor applied to a 
bruise or wound. 2. The shot of an arquebuse. 

XR'QUE-BUSE, ? n. A sort of hand gun ; a species of fire- 

HaR'QUE-BUSE, > arms, anciently used, which was cock 
ed with a wheel. 

aR-QTJE-BUS-IeR', n. A soldier armed with an arquebuse. 

AR'QUI-FoUX (arTte-foo), n. A kind of lead ore used by 
potters to give their ware a green varnish. — M'Culloch. 

t XRR, n. A mark made by a flesh wound, a cicatrice. — 
Relph. 

t AR'RA, n. [L. arrha, or arra.] A pledge. — Anderson. 

AR'RACH, n. A plant. See Obrach. 

ARRACK', n. Contracted into rack. A term used in India 
to designate any kind of spirituous liquor, especially that 
distilled from the cocoa-nut, rice, or sugar-cane. 

AR'RA-GON-ITE, n. In mineralogy, carbonate of lime crys- 
tallized in rhombic prisms, or forms derived from the 
same. It is also harder than common carbonate of lime. 

AR-RaIGN' (ar-rane), v. t. [Norm, arraner.] 1. To call or 
set a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the mat 
ter charged against him in an indictment or information 

2. According to law writers, to set in order ; to fit for trial. 

3. To charge with faults ; to call before- the bar of reason 
or taste as faulty. — Syn. To accuse ; impeach ; charge ; 
censure. 

AR-RaIGN' (ar-rane'), n. Arraignment; as, clerk of the ar- 
raigns. — Blackstone. 

AR-RaIGN'.ED (ar-rand'), pp. Called before a tribunal to 
answer, and elect triers ; accused ; called in question. 

AR-RaIGN'ER, n. One who arraigns. — Coleridge. 

AR-RaIGN'ING, ppr. Calling before a court or tribunal ; 
accusing. 

AR-RIIGN'MENT (ar-rane'ment), n. [Norm, arresnement, 
arraynement.] 1. The act of arraigning. 2. Accusation. 
3. A calling in question for faults. 

t AR-RaI'MENT, n. Clothes ; garments ; now raiment 

t AR'RAND, n. Errand ; message. — Howell. 

AR-RaNgE; v. t. [Fr. arranger] 1. To put in proper or- 
der; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner in 
tended, or best suited for the purpose. 2. To adjust , to 
settle ; to put in order ; to prepare. 

AR-RaN(J'.ED (ar-ranjd'), pp. Put in order ; disposed in the 
proper order ; adjusted. 

AR-RaNgE'MENT, n. 1. The act of putting in proper or- 
der ; the state of being put in order ; disposition in suita- 
ble form. 2. That which is disposed in order ; system oi 



See Synopsis. A, E I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short -FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BG<>K 



illR 



61 



ARS 



parts disposed in due order. 3. Preparatory measuie; 
previous disposition. 4. Final settlement ; adjustment by 
agreement. 5. Classification of facts relating to a subject, 
in a regular, systematic order. 

AR-PiANg'ER, n. One who puts in order. 

AR-H aNg'ING, ppr. Putting in due order or form ; adjusting. 

AR'RANT, a. [Probably a different spelling of errant.] No- 
torious, in an ill sense ; infamous ; mere ; vile. 

AR'RANT-LY, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamous- 
ly ; impudently ; shamefully. 

AR'RAS, n. [from Arras, in Artois, where this article was 
manufactured.] Tapestry ; hangings wove with figures., 

\ AR-RAUGHT', a. Seized by violence. — Spenser. 

AR-RaY', n. [Norm, araie.} 1. Order ; disposition in regu- 
lar lines ; as, an army in battle array. Hence, a posture of 
defense. 2. Dress ; garments disposed in order upon the 
person. Dry den. — 3. In law, the act of impanneling a jury ; 
or a jury impanneled. 

AR-RaY', v. t. 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for 
battle. 2. To deck or dress ; to adorn with dress. 3. To 
set a jury in order for the trial of a cause ; that is, to call 
them man by man. — Blackstone. 4. To envelop ; as, "ar- 
rayed in gloom." Trumbull. — Syn. To draw up ; arrange ; 
dispose ; set in order. 

AR-RaY'£D (ar-rade), pp. Set in order, or in lines ; ar- 
ranged in order for attack or defense ; dressed ; adorned 
by dress ; impanneled. 

AR-RaY'ER, n. One who arrays. — In English history, an 
officer who had a commission of array, to put the soldier 
of a county in a condition for military service. 

AR-RaYTNG, ppr. Setting in order ; putting on splendid 
raiment ; impanneling. 

f AR-ReAR', adv. [Fr. arriere.) Behind ; at the hinder part. 
— Spenser. 

AR-ReAR', n. That which is behind in payment, or which 
remains unpaid, though due. — In arrears, behind in pay- 
ment. 

AR-ReAR'A6E, n. Arrears ; any sum of money remaining 
unpaid, after previous payment of a part. 

t AR-R£AR'ANCE, n. The same with arrear.—Dict. 

AR-RECT, ? a. [L. arrectus.] Erect ; attentive ; as a 

AR-RE€T'ED, J person listening. 

t AR-RECT, v. t. To raise or lift up.—Skedon. 

AR-REN-Ta'TION, n. [Sp. arrendar.] In the forest laws of 
England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest to in- 
close it with a small ditch and low hedge, in consideration 
of a yearly rent. — Cowel. 

AR-REP-TI'TIOUS, a. [L. arreptus.] 1. Snatched away. 
2. [ad and repo.] Crept in privily. — Johnson. 

AR-REST, v. t. [Fr. arreter.] 1. To check or hinder motion. 
2. To take, seize, or apprehend by virtue of a warrant 
from authority. 3. To seize and fix ; as, to arrest univer- 
sal attention. 4. To hinder, or restrain ; as, to arrest the 
progress of a work. — Syn. To obstruct ; delay ; detain ; 
check ; hinder ; stop ; apprehend ; seize ; lay hold of. 

AR-REST, n. 1. The taking or apprehending of a person 
by virtue of a warrant from authority. 2. Any seizure, or 
taking by power, physical or moral. 3. A stop, hinderance, 
or restraint. — 4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the stay- 
ing or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes as- 
signed. 5. A mangy or scabby humor between the ham 
and pastern of the hind legs of a horse. 

AR-REST-A'TION, n. The act of arresting ; an arrest or 
seizure. 

AR-REST'ED, pp. Seized; apprehended; stopped; hin- 
dered; restrained. 

i^Rll?§l;h- 'One who arrests. 

AR-RESTING, ppr. Seizing ; staying ; restraining. 

AR-REST'MENT, n. In Scots law, an arrest, or detention of 
a criminal, till he finds caution or surety, to stand trial. 

AR-RET' (ar'ra), n. [Fr.] The decision of a court or coun- 
cil ; a decree published ; the edict of a sovereign prince. 
AR-RET', v. t. To assign ; to allot. — Spenser. 

\ AR-RETTED, a. Convened before a judge, charged with 
a crime. 

t AR-RlDE', v. t. [L. arrideo.] To laugh at ; to please well. — 
Ben Jonson. 

AR-RIeRE' (ar-reer'), n. The last body of an army ; now 
called rear, which see. — Arriere-ban, or ban and arriere- 
ban, a general proclamation of the French kings, by which 
not only their immediate feudatories, but the vassals of 
the latter, were summoned to take the field for war. The 
term is also applied to the troops thus collected. — Arriere- 
fee or fief. A fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a 
tee held of a feudatory. — Arriere-vassal. The vassal of a 
vassal. 
AR'RIS, n. In architecture, the edge formed by two surfaces 
meeting each other, whether plain or curved ; applied to 
the edges of moldings, &c. The line or edge at which two 
bodies forming an exterior angle meet each other. 
Afi-RIS'ION (ar-rizh'un), n. [L. arrisio.) The act of smiling. 
AR-Rl V'AL, n. 1. The coming to, or reaching a place, from 



a distance. 2. The attainment or gaining of any object by 
effort ; as, an arrival at the summit of one's desires. 3 
The persons or things arriving ; as, news by the last ar- 
rivals^ 

t AR-Rl VANCE, n. 1. Company coming. — Shak. 2. Arriv- 
al ; a reaching in progress. — Brown. 

AR-RlVE', v. i. [Fr. arriver.] 1. Literally, to come to the 
shore, or bank. Hence, to come to or reach in progress 
by water, followed by at. 2. To come to or reach by 
traveling on land. 3. To reach a point by progressive 
motion ; to gain or compass by effort, practice, study, en- 
quiry, reasoning, or experiment. 4. To happen or occur: 
as, •' he to whom this glorious death arrives." — Waller, [obs.\ 

t AR-RlVE', v. t. To reach— Shak. 

AR-RlV'ING, ppr. Coming to, or reaching by water or 
land ;_ gaining by research, effort, or study. 

t AR-RoDE', v. t. [L. arrodo.] To gnaw or nibble. — Diet. 

AR'RO-GANCE, n. [L. arrogantia.] The act or quality of 
taking much upon one's self ; that species of pride which 
consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, 
or power ; proud contempt of others. — Syn. Assumption ; 
haughtiness ; lordliness ; presumption ; pride ; disdain ; 
overbearing; conceit; conceitedness. 

AR'RO-GAN-CY, n. Arrogance. [Little used.] 

AR'RO-GANT, a. 1. Making, or having the disposition to 
make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation ; giving 
one's self an undue degree of importance ; haughty; con- 
ceited. 2. Containing arrogance ; marked with arrogance ; 
proceeding from undue claims or self-importance. — Syn. 
Lordly ; proud ; assuming ; overbearing ; presumptuous ; 
haughty. 

AR/RO-GANT-LY, adv. In an arrogant manner ; with un- 
due pride or self-importance. 

AR'RO-GANT-NESS, n. Arrogance. [Little used.] 

AR'RO-GaTE, v. t. [L. arrogo.] To lay claim to more than 
is proper ; to make undue claims, from vanity or false 
pretensions to right or merit. — Syn. To assume ; chal 
lenge ; claim ; demand ; appropriate. 

AR'RO-Ga-TED, pp. Claimed by undue pretensions. 

AR'RO-Ga-TING, ppr. Challenging or claiming more pow- 
er or respect than is just or reasonable. 

AR-RO-Ga'TION, n. The act of arrogating, or making ex- 
orbitant claims ; the act of taking more than one is justly 
entitled to. 

ARTtO-GA-TlVE, a. Assuming or making undue claims 
and pretensions. — More. 

AR-RON'DISSE-MENT (ar-ron'dis-mang), n. [Fr.] Liter- 
ally, a circuit or district, applied in France to the immedi- 
ate subdivision of a department. That kingdom, since the 
revolution, has been divided into departments ; these into 
arrondissements ; these into cantons; and the latter into 
communes. 

AR-Ro'SION (ar-ro'zhun), n. [L. arrodo.] A gnawing. 

AR'Ro W, n. [Sax. arewa.] A missive weapon of offens'e, 
straight, slender, pointed, and barbed, to be shot with a 
bow. 

AR'Ro W-GRaSS, n. A popular name of plants of the ge- 
nus triglochin. — Muhlenberg. 

AR'RoW-HeAD, n. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. The pop- 
ular name of different aquatic plants, species of the genus 
sagittaria, so called from their resemblance to an arrow. 

AR'Ro W-HKAD'ED, a. Shaped like the head of an arrow. 
The arrow-headed characters are characters formed by a 
combination of triangular or wedge-like figures ; hence 
called, also, cuneiform characters. They are found in the 
ruins of Persepolis, Babylon, Nineveh, and other places of 
the_East. 

AR/R5W-ROOT, n. 1. A popular name of the different 
species of the genus maranta, one of which, the arundi- 
nacea, or starch plant, produces the arrow-root of the 
shops. 2. The starch of the maranta arundinacea, or ar- 
row-rcot, a nutritive medicinal food. 

AR'R5W-SHaP'£D (-shapt), a. Shaped like an arrow. 

AR'Ro W-Y, a. 1. Consisting of arrows. 2. Formed like an 
arrow. 

ARSE, ra. [Sax. earse.] The buttocks or hind part of an an- 
imal. 

t ARSE'FOQT, n . A kind of water-fowl.— Dirt. 

AR'SE-NAL, n. [Sp. Port. It. Fr.] 1. A repository or mag- 
azine of arms and military stores. 2. In England, and 
other European countries, a public establishment where 
naval and military engines are manufactured or stored.- 
P. Cyc. 

XR-Se'NI-ATE, n. A salt, formed by arsenic acid combined 
with any base. 

AR'SEN-IC, n. [Gr. aQazviKov ; Fr. arsenic] A brittle metal, 
of a steel-gray color and brilliant lustre. The virulent 
poison known as arsenic in the shops is the arscnious ar.id, 
called, also, oxyd of arsenic and white arsenic. 

AR-SEN'I€ ACID, n. An acid composed of two equivalents 
of arsenic and five of oxygen. 

AR-SEN'I€-AL, a. Belonging to arsenic ; consisting of or 
containing arsenic. 



DOVE ;— BULL, ©NITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 xb J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ART 



62 



ART 



aR-S^LN'I€-aTE, v. t. To combine with arsenic. 

aR-SEN'I€-a-TED, pp. or a. Combined with arsenic. 

aR-Se'NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing arsenic. 

AR-Se'NI-OUS ACID, to. An acid composed of two equiv- 
alents of arsenic and three of oxygen. 

aR'SEN-iTE, n. A salt formed by the arsenious acid with 
a base. 

aRSE'-SMaRT, n. The vulgar name of a species of ■polyg- 
onum, or knot-grass. 

ARSH'lNE, to. A Russian measure of more than two feet. 

AR'SIS, n. [Gr.] 1. In prosody, that part of a foot on which 
the stress (ictus, beat) of the voice falls. The rest of the 
foot is called the thesis. — 2. In music, the elevation of the 
voice accompanying the ictus, now called musical accent- 
uation. 3. The elevation of the hand in beating time. 

AR'SON, n. [Norm. Fr. arsine, arseun.] In law, the mali- 
cious burning of a house of another man, which, by the 
common law, is felony. 

SRT. The second person, indicative mode, present tense, 
of the substantive verb am. 

ART, n. [L. ars, artis.] 1. The disposition or modification 
of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. 
In this sense, art stands opposed to nature. 2. A system 
of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain 
actions ; opposed to science, or to speculative principles. 
3. Business or employment ; as, the various arts of life. — 
Swift. 4. The power of performing certain actions, ac- 
quired by experience, study, or observation, o. Cunning; 
artifice ; as, to rely on art instead of strength. Crabbe. — 
6. The arts, or the liberal arts, denote the whole circle of 
the arts and sciences, or of an academical education ; 
hence, the degrees of A.B., Bachelor of Arts, and A.M., 
Master of Arts. — Art and part, in Scotch law, denotes the 
charge of contriving or partaking in a criminal act ; said 
to be an abridgment of artifex and pdrticeps. — Syn. Apti- 
tude ; readiness ; skill ; dexterity ; adroitness ; contriv- 
ance ; profession ; business ; trade ; calling ; cunning ; 
artifice ; deceit ; duplicity. 

AR-TE-MIS'IA, to. Mug-wort, southernwood, and worm- 
wood ; a genus of plants. 

&R-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries. 

2. Contained in an artery. 
IR-Te-RI-AL-iZ-a'TION, to. The process of making arte- 
rial.— Watts. _ 

iR-'fE'RI-AL-lZE, v. t. To make arterial; to communi- 
cate, as to venous blood, the qualities of arterial blood. — 
Prout. 

XR-TE'RI-AL-lZ.ED, pp. or a. Made arterial. 

iR-TE'RI-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Rendering arterial. 

A.R-TE-RI-OL'0-dY, to. [Gr. aprrjpia and Aovoj.] A treatise 
or discourse on the arteries. — Morin. 

AR-TE-RI-OTO-MY, to. [Gr. aprripia and ropn-] The open- 
ing of an artery for the purpose of letting blood, or dis- 
section. 

AR'TE-RY, to. [Gr. aprripia.] A vessel or tube which con- 
veys the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. 
There are two principal arteries ; the aorta and the pul- 
monary artery. 

aR-Te'SIAN, a. [from Artois, in France.] Artesian wells, 
those made by boring into the earth till water is reached, 
and which, from internal pressure, flow like a fountain. 

ARTFUL, a. 1. Performed with art or skill. 2. Artificial. 

3. Practicing art, or stratagem. 4. Proceeding from art 
or craft. — Syn. Skillful ; adroit ; dextrous ; cunning ; 
crafty; deceitful. 

With art, or cunning ; skillfully ; dex- 



vRTTUL-LY, adv. 

trously. 
1RTFUL-NESS 
iR-THRITIC, 
AR-THRITIC-AL 



Art ; craft ; cunning ; address. 
. Pertaining to the joints, or to the 
gout ; affecting the joints. 

AR-THRl'TIS, to. [Gr. apdpirtS-] Any inflammation of the 
joints ; but more particularly, the gout. 

IR-THRoDI-A, to. In anatomy, a species of articulation. 

aR-THRODTG, a. Pertaining to arthrodia. 

iR'TIC. Erroneously used by some authors for arctic. 

AR'TI-CHOKE, to. [Fr. artichaut.] A plant somewhat re- 
sembling a thistle. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species 
of sun-flower. This is the plant commonly called arti- 
choke in America. The term Jerusalem is a corruption of 
the Italian girasole, sun-flower. 

HRTI-€LE, n. [L. articulus.] 1. A single clause in a con- 
tract, account, treaty, or other writing ; a particular, sep- 
arate charge, or item, in an account ; a term, condition, or 
stipulation, in a contract. 2. A point of faith. 3. Com- 
prehension ; as, "a soul of great article." — Shalt., [obs.) 4. 
A distinct part. — Paley. 5. A particular commodity, or 
substance. — 6. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem 
which is between two joints. — 7. In grammar, an adjec- 
tive used before nouns, to limit or define their applica- 
tion ; as, hie, Me, ipse, in Latin ; o, rj, to, in Greek ; the, 
this, that, in English ; le, la, les, in French ; il, la, lo, in 
Italian. — In the article of death (L. articulo mortis), literally, 
in the moment of death, in the last struggle or agony. — 



Articles oj war, the code or regulations for the government 
of the army in Great Britain, and the army and navy in 
the United States. — Articles of the navy, the code or regu- 
lations for the government of the navy in Great Britain. 

aR'TI-€LE. v. t. 1. To draw up in distinct particulars. 2. 
To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 3. To 
bind by articles of covenant or stipulation. 

AR'TI-€LE, v. i. To agree by articles ; to stipulate. 

AR'TI-€Li£D, pp. Drawn up in particulars ; accused or 
bound by articles. 

AR-TICU-LAR, a. [L. articularis.] Belonging to the joints 

A.R-TICU-LAR-LY, adv. So as to sound every letter. 

aR-TIC-U-La'TA, to. pi. [L. articulatus.] Animals having a 
jointed structure, but no internal skeleton. The term em- 
braces one grand division of the animal kingdom, com- 
prising insects, spiders, the crustacea, or animals of the 
crab and lobster kinds, and annelids or worms. 

IR-TICU-LATE, a. [L. articulatus.] 1. Formed by joint- 
ing, or articulation of the organs of speech ; clear, dis- 
tinct, applied to sound. 2. Expressed in articles ; [not 
used.] 3. In natural history, jointed ; formed with joints. 

IR-TICU-LaTE, v. i. To utter articulate sounds ; to utter 
distinct syllables or words. 

aR-TIC'U-LITE, v. t. 1. To form into distinct elementary 
sounds ; to form into syllables or words. 2. To draw up 
or write in separate particulars. — Shah., [obs.] 3. To treat, 
stipulate, or make terms. — Shak., [obs.] 4. To joint. Smith. 
— Syn. To speak ; utter ; pronounce ; enunciate. 

aR-TI€'U-La-TED, pp. or a. 1. Uttered distinctly in sylla- 
bles or words. 2. Jointed ; having joints, as a plant. 

aR-TI€.'U-LATE-LY, adv. 1. With distinct utterance of 
syllables or words. 2. Article by article ; in detail. — Paley. 

AR-TIC'U-L ATE-NESS, to. The quality of being articulate. 

aR-TICU-La-TING, ppr. Uttering in distinct syllables oi 
words. 

aR-TIC-U-La'TION, n. 1. In anatomy, the joining or junc- 
ture of the bones. — 2. In botany, the connection of the 
parts of a plant by joints. 3. The forming of words or 
syllables by the organs of speech. 4. A consonant. 

A.RTI-FICE, to. [L. artificium.] 1. An artful or ingenious 
contrivance or device. In a bad sense, it corresponds with 
trick, or fraud. 2. Art ; trade ; skill acquired by science 
or practice, [obs.] — Syn. Trick ; finesse ; stratagem ; de- 
ception ; cheat ; fraud ; guile ; imposition ; cunning ; craft. 

ART-IF'I-CER, n. [L. artifex.] 1. An artist ; a mechanic, 
or manufacturer. 2. One who makes or contrives ; an 
inventor. 3. A cunning, or artful fellow. — Ben Jonson, 
[not used.] 

IRT-I-Fl"CIAL (art-e-fish'al), a. 1. Made or contrived by 
art, or by human skill and labor. 2. Feigned ; fictitious ; 
not genuine or natural. 3. Contrived with skill or art. 4. 
Cultivated ; not indigenous ; not being of spontaneous 
growth. 

f aRT-I-Fi"CIAL, to. The production of art.— Sir W. Petty. 

aRT-I-Fi"CI-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being artificial ; 
appearance of art. — Shenstone. 

ART-I-Fl"CIAL-LY, adv. By art, or human skill and con 
trivance ; with art or ingenuity. 

ART-I-FI"CIAL-NESS, n. The quality ofbeing artificial 

t aRT-I-Fi"CIOUS, a. Artificial. 

t aRTTL-iSE. I v. t. To give the appearance of art to. 

t ART'lZE, 5 Bolingbroke. 

iR-TIL'LE-RIST, n. A person skilled in gunnery. 

AR-TIL'LE-RY, to. This word has no plural. [Fr. artillerie.] 
1. Offensive weapons of war. 2. Cannon ; great guns ; 
ordnance. In a more extended sense, it includes the car- 
riages, horses, powder, and all that belongs to a train oi 
artillery. 3. The men who manage cannon and mortars, 
with the officers, engineers, and persons who supply the 
artillery with implements and materials. 4. The science 
of gunnery or artillery. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

AR,-TIL'LE-RY-MAN, to. One who serves the artillery. 

ARTI-SANy n. [Fr. See Art.] One trained to manual dex- 
terity ; one skilled m any art, mystery, or trade ; a hand- 
crafts-man ; a mechanic. 

ARTIST, to. [Fr. artiste ; It. artista ; from L. ars. See Art.] 
1. In a general sense, one who is skilled in the practice of 
some art.— Dry den. 2. Appropriately, in present usage, 
one who professes and practices one of the liberal arts, in 
which science and taste preside over the manual execu 
tion. It is thus that the artist is distinguished from the 
artisan, who follows mechanically the rules of his hand 
craft or art. The term is particularly applied to painters 
sculptors, engravers, and architects. — Elmes. 

aR-TiSTE' (ar-teesf). [Fr.] A term of' very extensive ap 
plication among the French, to denote one who is pecu 
liarly dextrous and tasteful in almost any art, as an opera 
dancer, and even a hair-dresser or a cook. This teric 
should not be confounded with the English word artist. 

aET-IST'IC, ) a. [From artist.] Pertaining tc an artist 

aRT-ISTTC-AL, S conformed to art. 

aRT-ISTT€-AL-LY, adv. In an artistic manner. 

ARTLESS, a. 1. Unskillful; wanting art, or skill ; as, "these 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, I, &c„ short — F aR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; MARINE. BIRD ;— MOVE, POOR, 



ASC 



63 



ASH 



d-rtttzs lines."— Gray. 2. Free from guile, art, craft, or 
stratagem ; as, an artless tale. 3. Contrived without skill 
or art. — Syn. Simple ; unaffected ; sincere ; undesigning ; 
guileless ; open ; frank ; candid. 

JLRT'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without art or skill ; in an artless 
manner. 2. Without guile ; naturally. 

iRT'LESS-NESS, u. The quality of being void of art or 
guile ; simplicity ; sincerity ; imaffectedness. 

IRTO-TY-RlTE, n. [Gr. apros and rvpos.] One of a sect 
of heretics, in the primitive Church, who celebrated the 
eucharist with bread and cheese. 

\ ARTS-MAN, n. A learned man.— Skak. 

AR-UN-DeL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Arundel; as, Arundelian 
marbles. These marbles, now at the University of Ox- 
ford, were brought from the East at the expense of the 
Earl of Arundel, and contain the Grecian chronology from 
about 1582 years to 264 years before Christ. This is call- 
ed the Parian Oironicle. 

\-RUN-DlN-l'CEOUS, a. [L. arundo.) Pertaining to a reed; 
resembling the reed or cane. 

AR-UN-DIN'E-OUS, a. Abounding with reeds. 

A-Rfj'RA, n. [Gr. apovpa.] A piece of ground ; a ploughed 
field ; a Grecian measure. 

A-RUS'PEX, n. [L.] A soothsayer.— Dryden. 

A-RUSTICE, n. Written also haruspice. [L. aruspex, or 
liaruspex.] A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business it 
was to inspect the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice, 
and by them to foretell future events. 

A-RUS'PI-CY, n. The act of prognosticating by inspection 
of the entrails of beasts slain in sacrifice. 

r XR'VEL, n. A funeral. — Grose. 

AS, adv. [G. and D. als.] 1. Literally, like ; even ; similar ; 
in like manner ; as, do as you are commanded. 2. It was 
formerly used where we now use that, [obs.] 3. It was 
formerly used for as if, [obs.] 4. While ; during ; at the 
same time. "He trembled as he spoke."— As, in a subse- 
quent part of a sentence, answers to such ; give us such 
things as you please. 

AS, n. [L.] 1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering to 
the libra, or pound. 2. A Roman coin. 3. An integer ; a 
whole. 

AS'A. A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum ; 
literally, the healer ; from the Hebrew asa, a physician or 
healer. See Ooze. 

AS-A-DUL'CIS. The same as benzoin. 

AS-A-FCET'I-DA, > (as-a-fefi-da), n. [assaan&L.fcttidits.] A 

AS-A-FET'I-DA, $ fetid inspissated sap from the East In- 
dies, used as a stimulant and antispasmodic. 

AS-A-RA-BACCA, n. [L. asarum.] A plant. 

AS'A-RIN, n. A crystallized substance resembling camphor, 
obtained from the Asarum Europaum. 

AS-BES'TI-FORM, a. Having the structure of asbestus. 

AS-BESTINE, a. Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its 
nature andquahties ; incombustible. 

AS-BES'TIN-lTE, n. The actinolite, or strahlstein.—Calcif 
erous asbestinite, a variety of actinolite. 

AS-BES'TUS, ? n. [Gr. aa6ea-og.] A variety of hornblende, 

AS-BES'TOS, > or pyroxene, in long fibres, having the del- 
icate texture of wool, and of a white or gray color. It is 
incombustible, and has been wrought into a soft, flexible 
cloth, which was formerly used as a shroud for dead 
bodies. It is employed in the manufacture of iron safes 
and for lamp-wicks. 

AS'BO-LIN, n. [Gr. ac6o\n-] A yellow, oil-liVe matter, acrid 
and bitter, obtained from soot. 

AS'CA-RIS, n. ; pi. AS-CART-DeS, [Gr.] In zoology, a ge- 
nus of intestinal worms ; the pin-worm. 

AS-CEND 7 , v. i. [L. ascendo.) 1. To move upward; to 
mount ; to go up ; to rise. 2. To rise, in a figurative 
sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, 
from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals 
«fec. 3. To proceed from modern to ancient times ; to re 
cur to former ages. 4. To proceed in a line toward an 
cestors. 5. To rise as a star, and proceed above the hori- 
zon. — 6. In music, to rise in vocal utterance ; to pass from 
any note to one more acute. — Syn. To rise ; arise ; mount 
ehmb ; scale ; soar ; tower. 

AS-CEND', v. t. To go or move upward upon; as, to as- 
cend a hill ; to climb. 

AS-CEND' A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. 

AS-CEND'ANT, n. 1. Superiority or commanding influ- 
ence. 2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy, 
or degrees of kindred; opposed to descendant. 3. Height; 
elevation. — Temple, {little used.] — 4. In astrology, the horo- 
scope, or that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the 
horizon at the time of one's birth, supposed to have influ- 
ence on a person's life and fortune. Hence the phrase, 
to be in the ascendant, denoting to have commanding pow- 
er or influence ; and lord of the ascendant, denoting one 
who possesses such power or influence. — Burke. 

AS-CEND'ANT, a. 1. Superior; predominant; surpassing. 
—2. In astrology, above the horizon. 

AS-CEND'ED, pp. or a. Risen ; mounted up ; gone to heaven. 



AS-CEND'EN-CY, n. Governing or controlling influence.— 
Syn. Control ; authority ; influence ; sway ; dominion ; 
prevalence; ; domination. 

AS-CEND'ING, ppr. or a. Rising; moving upward; pro- 
ceeding from the less to the greater ; proceeding from 
modern to ancient, from grave to more acute. — Ascending 
latitude is the latitude of a planet when moving toward 
the north pole. — Ascending node is that point of a planet's 
orbit wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed north- 
ward. — Ascending vessels, in anatomy, are those which 
carry the blood upward. 

AS-CEN'SION, n. [L. ascensio.] 1. The act of ascending , 
a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible elevation 
of our Savior to heaven. 2. The thing ascending, [not au- 
thorized.] 3. In astronomy, right ascension is the angular 
distance from the vernal equinox, measured on the equa- 
tor. — D. Olmsted. 

AS-CEN'SION-DaY, n. A festival held on Holy Thursday, 
in commemoration of our Savior's ascension into heaven, 
after his resurrection. 

AS-CEN'SIVE, a. Rising ; tending to rise, or causing to 
rise. — Journ. of Science. 

AS-CENT' n. [L. ascensus.] 1. The act of rising ; motion 
upward ; rise ; a mounting upward. 2. The way by 
which one ascends ; the means of ascending. 3. An em 
inence, hill, or high place. 4. The degree of elevation of 
an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line. 5. 
Acclivity_, the rise of a hill. 

AS-CER-TaIN', v. t. [L. ad certum.] 1. To make certain ; to 
define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or 
ambiguity. 2. To make certain, by trial, examination, or 
experiment, so as to know what was before unknown. ?. 
To make sure by previous measures, [unusual.] 4. To 
fix ; to establish with certainty ; to render invariable. 

AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be made certain in 
fact, or reduced to certainty. 

AS-CER-TaIN'.ED (as-ser-tand'), pp. Made certain ; defined , 
established ; reduced to a certainty. 

AS-CER-TaIN'ER, n. The person who ascertains or makes 
certain. 

AS-CER-TaIN'ING, ppr. Making certain ; fixing ; establish- 
ing ; reducing to a certainty ; obtaining certain knowledge. 

AS-CER-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of ascertaining ; a reiuc- 
ing to certainty ; certainty ; fixed rule.— Swift. 

AS-CES'SAN-CY, ' 



AS-CES'SANT. 



See Acescency, Acescent. 



un- 
Syn. Recluse ; 



AS-CET'I€, a. [Gr. aoKnroS.] Retired from the world 
duly rigid in devotions and mortification, 
rigid ; severe ; austere. 

AS-CETTC, n. 1. In the early Church, one who retired from 
the business of life, and devoted himself to piety and devo- 
tion; a hermit; a recluse. 2. One who practices undue 
rigor and self-denial in religious things. 3. The title of 
certain books on devout exercises. 

AS-CETT-CISM, n. The state or practice of ascetics.— 
Warburton. 

AS'CI-I, > n. pi. [L. ascii.] Persons who, at certain times 

AS'CI-ANS, 3 of the year, have no shadow at noon. 

AS'Cl-TANS, n. pi. [Gr. aa/cos-] A sect or branch of Monta 
nists, who appeared in the second century. 

AS-Cl'TES, n. [Gr. aoicos.] Dropsy of the belly, or tense 
equable swelling of the belly, with fluctuation, from a col 
lection of serous fluid. 

AS-CITIC, ? a. Belonging to an ascites ; dropsical ; hy 

AS-CITTC-AL, 5 dropical. • 

AS-CI-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. ascitus.) Additional ; added ; sup 
plemental ; not inherent or original. 

AS-€Le'PI-AD, n. In ancient poetry, a verse of four feet 

AS-€EiB'A-BLE, a. That may be ascribed. 

AS CRlBE', v. t. [L. ascribo.] 1. To attribute, impute, ox 
set to, as to a cause ; to refer an effect to its cause. 2. To 
attribute, as a quality ; to consider or allege to belong. 

AS-€RIB'jED (as-kribd'), pp. Attributed or imputed ; con 
sidered or alleged as belonging. 

AS-CRlBTNG, ppr. Attributing; imputing; alleging to belong. 

AS-€RIP'TION, n. The act of ascribing, imputing, or aflinn- 
ing to belong. 

AS-CRIP-Tl"TIOUS, a. That is ascribed. 

A-SEX'U-AL, a. Destitute of sex. 

ASH, n. [Sax. cesc ; Dan ask.] 1. A well-known tree, whose 
hard, tough wood is valuable for many purposes. 2. The 
wood, of the ash-tree. 

ASH, a. Pertaining to or like the ash ; made of ash. 

ASH, v. t. 1. To strew or sprinkle with ashes. Howsl.- 
2. To strew with ashes for the purpose of manure. 

IA-SHaME', v. t. To shame. 

A-SHIM'.ED (a-shamd 7 ), a. Affected by shame ; confused 
by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority ; by the mor- 
tification of pride ; by failure or disappointment 

tA-SHIM'ED-LY, adv. Bashfully. 

t A-SHELF', adv. On a shelf or rock. — Massinger. 

ASH'-€oL'ORED, a. Of a color between brown and gray 

ASH'EN, a. Pertaining to ash ; made of ash. 



DAVE ;— ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf "CIOUS — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ASP 



64 



ASP 



ISH'ER-Y, n. 1. A place for ashes. 2. A place where pot- 
ash is made. [America.] 
VSH'ES, n. pi, without the singular number. [Sax. asca.] 

1. The earthy particles of combustible substances remain- 
ing after combustion. 2. The remains of the human body- 
when burned. Hence, figuratively, a dead body or corpse. 
— Volcanic ashes, the loose, earthy matter ejected by vol- 
canoes. 

ASH'-FlRE, n. A low fire used in chemical operations. 

ASH'-FLY, n. The oak-fly. — Complete Angler. 

ASH'-HoLE, n. A repository for ashes ; the lower part of 
a furnace. 

ASHLAR, }n. In architecture, a facing of wrought and 

ASHLER, > squared stones, to cover walls of brick or 
rubble, as in the basements of buildings. The term has 
also been applied, in England, to common or free stones 
as they are brought from the quarry. — Gwilt. 

ASHLER-ING, n. Quartering for lathing to, in garrets. 

A-SHoRE', adv. 1. On shore ; on the land adjacent to wa- 
ter ; to the shore. 2. On land, opposed to aboard. 3. On 
the ground. 

ASH-PAN, n. A pan beneath a grate or furnace to receive 

ASH'TO-RETH, n. A goddess of the Sidonians and Philis- 
tines, the same as Venus of the Romans. 

ASH-TUB, n. A tub to receive ashes for leaching. 

ASH-WEDNES'DAY (ash-wenz'de), n. The first day of 
Lent ; supposed to be so called from a custom of sprin- 
kling ashes on the head. 

ASH'-WEED, n. A plant, the small, wild angelica, gout- 
wort, goat's-foot, or herb-gerard. 

ASHY, a. 1. Belonging to ashes. 2. Ash-colored ; pale ; 
inclining to a whitish gray. — ShaL 3. Made or composed 
of ashes; as, the ashy womb of the phoenix. — Milton. 
4. Filled with ashes; as, ashy hairs. — Chaucer. 

ASH'Y-PaLE, a. Pale as ashes.— Shak. 

a'SIAN (ash yan), a. Pertaining to Asia. 

a'SI-aR€H (a'she-ark) n. A term applied to the chiefs or 
pontiffs of Proconsular Asia ; one who had the superin- 
tendence of the public games. 

A-SI-ATIC (a-she-af ik), a. Belonging to Asia. 

A-SI-ATTC (a-she-at'ik), n. A native of Asia. 

A-SI-AT'I-CISM, n. Imitation of the Asiatic manner. 

A-SlDE', adv. 1. On or to one side ; out of a perpendicular 
or straight direction. 2. At a little distance from the main 
part or body. 3. From the body. 4. From the company ; 
at a small distance, or in private. 5. Separate from the 
person, mind, or attention ; in a state of abandonment 

AS-IN-E'GO, n. [Sp. asnico.] A foolish fellow. 

AS'I-NlNE, rarely AS'I-NA-RY, a. [L. asinus.] Belonging 
to the ass ; having the qualities of the ass. 

A SK, v. t. [Sax. ascian, acsian, or axian.] 1. To seek to ob- 
tain by words ; with of, in the sense of from, before the 
person to whom the request is made. 2. To lay claim to ; 
as, I ask only my own. 3. To put a question, with a view 
to an answer. 4. To require, or make claim. 5. To re- 
quire as the price or value of a commodity ; to set a price. 
6. To invite. — Syn. To request ; seek ; petition; solicit ; 
beg ; entreat ; require ; demand ; claim ; exhibit ; inquire ; 
interrogate. 

ASK, v. i. 1. To request or petition, followed by for. 2, To 
inquire, or seek by request. 

ASK. See Asker. 

AS-KANCE', \adv. [D. schuins.] Toward one corner of 

AS-KANT, 5 the eye. 

A.SK.ED (askt), pp. Requested; petitioned; questioned; in- 
terrogated. 

ASK'ER, n. 1. One who asks ; a petitioner ; an inquirer. 

2. A water newt. — Johnson. 

A-SKEW, adv. [Germ, schiefi] With a wry look ; aside ; 
askant ; sometimes indicating scorn, contempt, or envy. 

iSK'ING, ppr. 1. Requesting-' petitioning ; interrogating; 
inquiring. 2. Silently expressing request or desire. 

f A-SLaKE', v. t. [Sax. aslacian.] To remit; to slacken. — 
Spenser. 

AS-La'Ni, n. A Turkish silver coin. 

A-SLaNT, a. or adv. On one side ; obliquely ; not perpen- 
dicularly, or with a right angle. 

A-SLEEP', a. or adv. 1. Sleeping ; in a state of sleep ; at 
rest. 2. To a state of sleep ; as, to fall asleep. 3. Dead ; 
in a state of death. 4. To death. 

A-SLoPE', a. or adv. With leaning or inclination ; oblique- 
ly ; with declivity or descent, as a hill. 

t A-SLUG'^ adv. In a sluggish manner. — Fothcrby. 

A3-MO-Ne'AN. a. Pertaining to Asmoneus. 

AS-MO-Ne AN, n. One of the family of Asmoneus. 

4-Sb'MA-TOUS, a. [Gr. a and o-wjua.] Without a material 
body; incorporeal. 

ASP. See Aspen. 

ASP, \ n. [L. aspis ; Gr. aams .] A small, poisonous ser- 

ASPTC, 5 pent of Egypt. 

AS-PAL'A-THUM, n. The calambac, a variety of the aloes- 
wood ; also, the rosewood. 



AS-PAL'A-TUUS, n. A plant 

AS-PAR'A-dlN, n. A cry stalliz able substance first discov 

ered in the juice of asparagus. 
AS-PAR-A6TN-OUS, a. Properly, allied to the asparagus , 

but denoting, in horticulture, plants whose tender shoots 

are eaten like asparagus. — Brande. 
AS-PARA-GUS, n. [L. and Gr.] A well-known culinary 

plant, vulgarly called sparrow-grass. 
AS-PaRTaTE, n. Any compound of the aspartic acid with 

a salifiable base. 
AS-PaR'TI-G ACTD, n. A concrete or crystalline acid from 

asparagus, composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and 

oxygen. 
AS'PECT, n. [L. aspectus.] 1. Look ; view ; appearance to 

the eye or the mind. 2. Countenance ; look, or particular 

appearance of the face. 3. Look ; glance ; act of seeing. 

4. Position or situation with regard to seeing, or, in a more 
general sense, position in relation to the points of the com- 
pass ; as, a house with an eastern aspect. — 5. In astrology, 
the situation of one planet with respect to another. 

t AS-PECT, v. t. To behold.— Temple. 

t AS-PECT'A-BLE, a. That may be seen. 

t AS-FECTED, a. Having an aspect. — Ben Jonson. 

f AS-PEC'TION, n. The act of viewing.— Brown. 

ASP'EN, > n. [D. esp ; G. aspe, dspe ; Sax. cespe.] A species 

ASP, > of the poplar, so called from the trembling of 
its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the 
air. 

ASP'EN, a. Pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it ; made 
of aspen wood. 

ASTER, a. [L.] Rough ; rugged. [Little used.] 

ASTER, n. [L. aspiro.] In grammar, the Greek aspirate 

ASTER, n. A Turkish coin. 

AS'PER-aTE, v. t. [L. aspero.] To make rough or uneven 
— Boyle. 

AS'PER-a-TED, pp. Made rough or uneven. 

AS-PER-A'TION, ti. A making rough. 

AS-PER-GlL'LUS, n. The brush used in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church to sprinkle holy water on the people. 

AS-PER-GOIRE' (-gwor), n. [Fr. aspersoir.] A holy-water 
sprinkle. — War ton. 

AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. asper and folium.] Having 
rough leaves. 

AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Having leases rough to the touch 

AS-PER'I-TY, n. [L. asperitas.] 1. Roughness of surface ; 
unevenness ; opposed to smoothness. 2. Rouglmess of 
sound ; harshness of pronunciation. 3. Roughness to the 
taste ; sourness. 4. Rouglmess or ruggedness of temper. 

5. Sharpness. — Syn. Moroseness ; crabbedness ; harsh- 
ness ; sourness ; acrimony ; tartness. 

ASTRAL Y Y ' \ adv - Rou S nl y i sharply. 

A-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. a and ampixa.] Destitute of seeds. 

AS-PER-N a'TION, n. [L. aspernatio.] Neglect ; disregard. 
— Diet. 

AS'PER-OUS, a. [L. asper.] Rough ; uneven.— Boyh. 

AS-PERSE' (as-pers'), v. t. [L. aspergo, aspersus.] 1. To be- 
spatter with foul reports or fasle and injurious charges ; 
to tarnish in point of reputation, or good name. 2. To cast 
upon. — Syn. To slander; defame; detract from; calum- 
niate ; vilify. 

AS-PERS'ER, n. One who asperses, or vilifies another. 

AS-PER'SION, n. 1. A sprinkling. 2. The spreading of 
calumnious reports or charges ; calumny ; censure. 

AS-PERS'O-RY, a. Tending to asperse ; defamatory. 

AS-PHALT', In. [Gr. actyaXroS-] Bitumen Judaicum, 

AS-PHALT'UM, 5 Jew's pitch ; a smooth, hard, brittle, 
black or brown substance, which breaks with a polish, 
melts easily when heated, and, when pure, burns without 
leaving any ashes. 

AS-PHALT'IC, a. Pertaining to asphaltum, or containing 
it ; bituminous. — Milton. 

AS-PHALT'lTE, a. Pertaining to or containing asphaltum. 

AS-PHALT'US, n. Asphaltum.— Milton. 

AS'PHO-DEL, n. [L. and Gr.] A name of different species 
of the genus asphodelus, cultivated for the beauty of their 
flowers. 

AS-PHU-RE-La'TA, n. [Gr. a and aepvpa.] A series of semi- 
metallic fossils. 

AS-PHYX'I-A, )n. [Gr. aa^vlta.] Originally, cessation of 

AS-PHYX'Y, 5 motion in the heart and arteries t as now 
used, suspended animation, particularly from suffocation, 
drowning, or inhaling irrespirable gases ; applied also to 
the collapsed state of the cholera. 

ASPTG, n. 1. The asp, which see. 2. A piece of ordnance 
carrying a twelve-pound shot. 

ASP'IC, n. A species of lavender, a plant. 

AS-PlR'ANT, n. 1. One who aspires, breathes after, i.x 
seeks with eagerness. 2. A candidate. — Hurd. 

AS-PlR'ANT, a. Aspiring. 

AS'PI-RaTE, v. t. [L. aspiro.] To pronounce with a breath- 
ing, or full emission of breath. We aspirate the words 
horse and house. 



See Synopsis. A,E,I, &c, long.— a, E, i, Sec, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK, 



ASS 



ASS 



ASTI-RITE, v. i. To give or impart a strong breathing ; 
as, the letter h aspirates. — Dry den. 

AS'PI-RATE, n. A letter marked with an asper, or note of 
breathing ; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent '. 

AS'PI-RATE, a. Pronounced with a fall breath. 

AS'PI-Ra-TED, pp. Uttered with a strong emission of 
breath. 

AS'PI-Ra-TING, ppr. Pronouncing with a full breath. 

AS-PI-Ra'TION, n. 1. The pronunciation of a letter with 
a full emission of breath. 2. A breathing after ; an ardent 
wish or desire. 3. The act of aspiring, or of ardently de- 
siring what is noble or spiritual. 

AS-Pl'RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to breathing ; suited to the 
inhaling of ah. 

AS-PlRE', v. i. [L. aspire] 1. To desire with eagerness ; 
to pant after an object. 2. To aim at something elevated. 
— Pope. 3. To rise ; to ascend. — Waller. Note._ This word 
has been used transitively ; as, to aspire the clouds (Sliak.) ; 
but here to is more properly understood. 

j AS-PlRE-MENT, n. The act of aspiring.— Brewer. 

AS-PlR'ER, n. One who aspires ; one who aims to rise. 

AS-PlR'ING, ppr. Desiring eagerly; aiming at something 



noble, great, or spiritual. 
kS-PlR'ING, a. Ambitious ; 



animated with an ardent desire 
of power, importance, or excellence. 

4S-PIR1NG, n. 1. Ambition; eager desire of something 
great. 2. Points ; stops, [not used.] 

AS-PlR'ING-LY, adv. In an aspiring manner. 

AS-PlRTNG-NESS, ?i. The state of being aspiring. 

AS-PORT- a'TION, n. [L. asportation A carrying away. — 
In laao, the felonious removal of goods. 

A-SQUINT', adv. [D. schuinte.] 1, To the corner or angle 
of the eye; obliquely;, toward one side. 2. Not with re- 
gard, or due notice. 

ASS, n. [W.asyn; Ir. asau ; L. asinus.] 1. A quadruped 
of the equine genus. 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow ; a 
dolt. 

AS-SA-FETI-DA, n. A fe'ad gum from the East Indies, used 
as a stimulant and antispasmodic. See Asafcetida. 

4S-SaI'. [It.] A term of' augmentation in music ; added to 
a word signifying slow, it denotes quite slow ; and to a 
word signifying quick, it denotes quite quick. 

IS-Sa.IL', v. t [Fr. assaillir.] 1. To leap or fall upon by 
violence , to attack suddenly, as an individual. 2. To in- 
vade 03' attack in a hostile manner, as a nation. 3. To at- 
tack with arguments, censure, abuse, or criticism. — Syn. 
To assault; invade; attack; encounter; fall upon. 

AS-SIIL'A-BLE, a. That may be assailed, attacked, or in- 
vaded. 

AS-SaILANT, n. [Fr.] One who assails, attacks, or assaults. 

AS-SIIL'ANT, a. Assaulting; attacking; invading with 
violence. 

AS-SaIL'.ED (as-sald'), pp. Assaulted; invaded; attacked 
with violence. 

AS-SaIL'ER, n. One who assails. 

AS-SIIL'ING, ppr. Assaulting; invading by force ; attack- 
ing with violence. 

T AS-S1IL'MENT, n. Attack ; particularly an attack of dis- 
ease. — Johnson. 

AS-SA-PAN'IG, n. The flying squirrel. 

AS'SA-RON, n. A Hebrew measure of five pints. 

AS-SaRT', n. [old Fr. assarter.] 1. In ancient laws, the 
offense of grubbing up trees, and thus destroying thickets 
or coverts of a forest. 2. A tree plucked up by the roots ; 
also, a piece of land cleared. — Ash. 

AS-SaRT', v. t. To, grub up trees ; to commit an assart. 

AS-SAS'SIN, n. One who lolls, or attempts to kill, by sur- 
prise or secret assault. 

f AS-SAS'SIN, v. t. To murder.— Stillingfteet. 

AS-SAS'SIN-ITE, v. t. 1. To kill, or attempt to kill, by sur- 
prise or secret assault; to murder by sudden violence. 
2. To waylay ; to take by treachery. 

i AS-SAS'SIN-ATE, n. A murder or murderer. 

AS-SAS'SIN-A-TED, pp. Murdered by surprise, or secret 
assault. 

AS-SAS'SIN- a-TENG, ppr. Murdering by surprise or secret 
assault. 

A3-SA8-SIN- a'TION, n. The act of killing or murdering by 
• surprise or_ secret assault; murder by violence. 

AS-SAS'SIN-A-TOR n. An assassin, which see. 
AS-SAS'SIN-OUS, a. Murderous. 

AS-SAS'SINS, n. pi. In Syria, a tribe or clan called Ismaeli- 
ans, formerly remarkable for their assassinations. 

fAS-S A'TION, n. [Fr.] A roasting. 

AS-SAULT', n. [Fr. assault, now assaut.] 1. A violent on- 
set. 2. An attack by hostile words or measures. — 3. In 
law, an unlawful setting upon one's person ; an attempt or 
offer to beat another, without touching his person. If the 
blow aimed takes effect, it is a battery. — Syn. Attack ; inva- 
sion ; incursion ; descent ; onset ; onslaught ; charge ; storm. 
AS-SAULT', v. t 1. To fall upon by violence, or with a 
hostile intention. 2. To invade or fall on with force. 
3. To attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures, 



with a view to shake, impair, or overthrow . — Syn. To at 
tack ; assail ; invade ; encounter ; storm ; charge. 

AS-SAULT'A-BLE, a. That may be assaulted.— Williams. 

AS-SAULT'ED, pp. Attacked with force, arms, violence, or 
hostile views. 

AS-SAULT'ER, n. One who assaults, or violently attacks. 

AS-SAULT'ING. ppr. Attacking with force, or with hostile 
measures. 

AS-SaY', n. [Fr.essai; Sp. ensayo.] 1. The determination 
of the quantity of metal in an ore, alloy, or other metallic 
compound ; and, more especially, of the quantity of gold 
or silver in coin or bullion. 2. The substance to be as- 
sayed. Ure. — 3. In law, an examination of weights and 
measures by the standard. 4. Examination ; trial ; effort ; 
first entrance upon any business ; attempt. 5. Value, 
[obsolete.] 

AS-S1Y', v. t. 1. To determine the amount of a particular 
metal in an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound. 
2. Figuratively, to apply to ; as, to the touchstone. — Milton. 

AS-SIY', v. i. To attempt, try, or endeavor. 

AS-SIY'-BAL'ANCE, n. A balance used in assaying. 

AS-SaY'.ED (as-sade'), pp. Examined ; tested ; proved by 
experiment. 

AS-SaY'ER, 7i. One who examines ores and other metallic 
compounds, to determine the amount of any metal which 
they contain. An officer of the mint, whose business is to 
determine the ■amount of gold or silver in coin or buhion. 

AS-SIY'-FUR'NACE, n. A furnace used in the process of 
assaying. — Ure. 

AS-SaY'ING, n. The determination of the amount of any 
particular metal in a metallic compound. 

AS-SaYTNG, ppr. Trying by some standard ; examining by 
experiment, as metals ; proving ; attempting. 

AS-Sa Y'-MaS'TER, n. An assayer ; an officer appointed to 
determine the amount of gold or silver in coin or bullion. 

t AS-SEG-Ta'TION, n. [L. assectatio.] Attendance, or wait- 
ing upon.— Diet. 

t AS'SE-CLE, n. [L. assecla.] A dependent ; a follower. 
Sheldon. 

t AS-SE-CtJ'RANCE, n. Assurance. — Sheldon. 

t AS-SE-€U-Ra'TION, n. Assurance ; a making secure. 

t AS-SE-GuRE', v. t. To secure.— Bullokar. 

A.S-SE-GCTION, n. [L. assequor.] An obtaining or acquir 
ine.— Ayliffe. 

A8-SEM'BLA<*E, n. [Fr.] 1. A collection of individuals, ei • 
of particular things ; the state of being assembled. 2. The ; 
act of assembling, [rare.] 

tAS-SEMTsLANCE, n. Representation; an assembling. 

AS-SEM'BLE, v. t. [Fr. assembler.] To bring together a 
number of mdividuals or particulars into one place, or 
body ; to bring or call together. — Syn. To convene ; col 
lect; congregate; muster; convoke. 

AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To meet or come together; to convene 
as a number of individuals. 

AS-SEMTBL.ED, pp. Collected into a body ; congregated. 

AS-SEM'BLER, n. One who assembles. 

AS-SEM'BLING, ppr. Coining together ; collecting into one 
place. 

AS-SEM'BLING, n. A collection or meeting together.— 
Heb., x. 

AS-SEM'BLY. n. [Sp. asamble.a; It. assemblea; Fr. assemblce.] 
1. A company or collection of individuals in the same 
place ; usually for the same purpose. 2. A congregation 
or religious society convened. 3. In a political sense, a 
meeting convened by authority, for the transaction of pub- 
lic business. In some of the United States, the legislature. 
4. A collection of persons for amusement. 5. A convoca- 
tion, convention, or council of ministers and ruling elders 
delegated from each presbytery. — 6. In armies, the second 
beating of the drum before a* march, when the soldiers 
strike "their tents. 7. An assemblage, [not in vse.] — Pri- 
mary assembly, a meeting of the people, or legal voters, 
in a town or neighborhood, to discuss and decide in per- 
son. 

AS-SEMT>LY-ROOM, n. A room in which persons assem- 
ble, especially for amusement. 

AS-SENT, n. [L. assensits.] 1. Hie act of the mind in ad- 
mitting or agreeing to the truth of a proposition. 2. Con- 
sent ; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right or 
interest. Strictly, assent is an act of the understanding ■ 
consent, of the will.— Royal assent, in England, the assent 
of the sovereign to bills passed by Parliament.— Syn. Ac- 
cord; agreement; concurrence; approbation. 

AS-SENT', v. i. To admit as true ; or, rather, to express an 
a°reement of the mind to what is alleged or proposed. 
Syn. To yield ; agree ; concede ; concur ; approve. 

AS-SENT-A'TION, n. [L. assentatio.] Compliance with the 
opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation 

AS-SENT- A'TOR, n. A flatterer. 

f AS-SENT- A-To'RI-LY, adv. With adulation. 

AS-SENT'EB, n. One who assents, agrees to, or admits. 

AS-SENT'ING, ppr. Agreeing to, or admitting as true 
yielding to. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— G as K ; <1 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



ASS 



66 



ASS 



A?-SENTTNG-LY, adv. hi a manner to express assent ; by 
agreement. 

AS-SENT'MENT, n. Assent ; agreement— B?w?i. [Rare.] 

AS-SERT, v. t. [L. assero, assertum.] 1. To declare posi- 
tively, and with assurance. 2. To maintain or defend by 
words or measures ; to vindicate a claim or title to ; as, to 
assert one's rights. — Syn. To affirm ; aver ; asseverate ; 
protest; pronounce; declare. 

AS-SERT'ED, pp. Affirmed positively ; maintained ; vindi- 
cated. 

ASSERTING, ppr. Declaring with confidence; maintain- 
ing; defending. 

AS-SER'TION, n. 1. The act of asserting ; the maintaining 
of a claim. 2. Positive declaration or averment ; affirma" 
tion ; position advanced. 

ASSERTIVE, a. Positive ; affirming confidently. 

AS-SERT'lVE-LY, adv. Affirmatively.— Bedell. 

AS-SERT'OR, n. One who affirms positively ; an affirmer, 
supporter, or vindicator. 

AS-SERTO-RY, a. Affirming; maintaining. 

f AS-SERVE', v. t. [L. asservio.] To serve.— Diet. 

AS-SESS', v. t. [Fr. asseoir.] 1. To set, fix, or charge a cer- 
tain sum upon one, as a tax. 2. To value ; to fix the value 
of property, for the purpose of being taxed. 3. To set, 
fix, or ascertain. 

t AS-SESS', n. Assessment. 

AS-SESS'A-BLE, a. That may be assessed. 

AS-SESS' A-BLY, adv. By assessment. 

AS-SESS'£D (as-sestf), pp. Charged with a certain sum; 
valued ; set ; fixed ; ascertained. 

AS-SESS'ING, ppr. Charging with a sum ; valuing; fixing; 
ascertaining. 

t AS-SES'SION, n. A sitting down by a person. 

AS-SES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to assessors. 

AS-SESS'MENT, n. 1. A valuation of property or profits 
of business, for the purpose of taxation. 2. A tax, or spe- 
cific sum charged on the person or property. 3. The act 
of assessing ; the act of determining the amount of dam- 
ages by a jury. 

AS-SESS'OR, n. 1. One appointed to assess the person or 
property. 2. An inferior officer of justice, who sits to 
assist the judge. 3. In England, a term applied to persons 
chosen to assist the officers of corporations during elec- 
tions. 4. One who sits by another, as next in dignity. 

AS-SES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to assessors, or a court of 
assessors. — Coze. 

AS'SETS, n. pi. [Fr. assez.] 1. Goods or estate of a deceased 
person, subject to the payment of his debts. 2. The prop- 
erty of an insolvent debtor for the same purpose. 3. The 
stock in trade and entire property of a merchant or trading 
association. — M' Culloch. 

AS-SEV'ER, , iv.t. [L. assevero.] To declare positively, 

AS-SEV'ER-aTE, I or with solemnity.— Syn. To affirm ; 
assert ; protest ; pronounce ; assure ; declare. 

AS-SEV'ER-A-TED, pp. Affirmed or averred positively. 

AS-SEV'ER-A-TING, ppr. Affirming positively. 

AS-SEV-ER-1'TION, n. Positive affirmation or assertion; 
solemn declaration. 

ASS'-HeAD (-hed), n. One dull, like the ass ; one slow of 
apprehension ; a blockhead. 

AS-SI-De'ANS, \n. pi. A sect of Jews, who followed the 

GHAS-I-De'ANS, 5 Maccabean princes. 

AS'SI-DENT, a. [L. assideo, assidens.] Assident signs, in 
medicine, are such as usually attend a disease. 

\ AS-SID'U-ATE, a. Daily.— K. Charles. 

AS-SI-DD'I-TY, n. [L. assiduitas.] 1. Constant or close ap- 
plication to any business or enterprise. 2. Attentiveness 
to persons. — Assiduities, in the plural, are studied and per- 
severing attentions. — Syn. Diligence ; constancy ; care ; 
attention ; watchfulness ; perseverance. 

AS-SID'U-OUS, a. [L. assiduus.] 1. Constant in applica- 
tion. 2. Regular in attendance. 3. Performed with con- 
stant diligence or attention. — Syn. Diligent ; attentive ; 
sedulous ; unwearied ; unintermitted ; persevering ; la- 
borious ; indefatigable. 

AS-SID'U-OUS-LY, adv. Diligently ; attentively ; with ear- 
nestness and care ; with regular attendance. 

AS-SID^tJ-OUS-NESS, n. Constant or diligent application. 

* AS-SIE6E', v. t. [Fr. assieger.} To besiege. — Diet. 

AS-SI-ENT'IST, n. One concerned in the assiento contract. 
AS-SI-ENT'O, n. [Sp. asiento.] A contract or convention 
for furnishing slaves to the provinces of Spanish America. 
A company existed for this purpose, called the Assiento 
Company. 
A8-SIGN' (as-sine'), v. t. [Fr. assignor.] 1. To allot; to ap- 
point or grant by distribution or apportionment. 2. To 
designate or appoint for a particular purpose. 3. To fix, 
specify, or designate. 4. To make or set over ; to trans- 
fer, sell, or convey by writing. 5. To allege or show in 
particular. — 6. In law, to show or set forth with particu- 
larity. 
ftS-SiGN' (as-sine^, n. A person to whom property or an 
interest is transferred. 



AS-SlGN'A-BLE (as-sme'a-bl), a. 1. That may be allotted, 
appointed, or assigned. 2. That may be transferred by 
writing. 3. That may be specified, shown with precision 
or designated. 

AS'SIG-NAT, n. A public note or bill issusl by the revolu- 
tionary government of France. — Burke. 

AS-SIG-NI'TION, n. 1. An appointment of time and place 
for meeting ; used chiefly of love-meetings. 2. A making 
over by transfer of title. 

AS-SlGN'.ED (as-sind), pp. or a. Appointed ; allotted ; made 
over ; shown or designated. 

AS-SIGN-EE' (as-si-ne'), n. A person to whom an assign 
ment is made ; a person appointed or deputed by another 
to do some act, or enjoy some right, privilege, or proper- 
ty. — Assignees in bankruptcy, in England, persons ap- 
pointed under a commission of bankruptcy to manage the 
estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors. 

AS-SlGN'ER (as-si'ner), n. One who assigns', or appoints. 

AS-SlGN'ING, ppr. Allotting ; appointing ; transferring . 
showing specially. 

AS-SlGN r MENT (as-sine'ment), n. An allotting, or an ap- 
pointment to a particular person or use. — In law, 1. A 
transfer of title or interest by writing. 2. The writing b] 
which an interest is transferred. 3. The appointment oi 
designation of causes or actions in court, for trial on par- 
ticular days. 4. The conveyance of the whole interest 
which a man has in an estate, usually for life or years. — 
Assignment in bankruptcy, the transfer of a bankrupt's 
property to assignees for the benefit of the creditors. 

AS-SIGN-OR' (as-si-nori), n. An assigner ; a person who as- 
signs or transfers an interest. 

AS-SIM'I-LA-BLE, a. That may be assimilated. 

AS-SIM'I-LaTE, v. t. [L. assimilo.) 1. To bring to a like- 
ness ; to cause to resemble. 2. To convert into a like 
substance. 

AS-SIM'I-LaTE, v. i. 1. To become similar.— Burlce. 2. To 
perform the act of converting food into the substance ol 
the body. 3. To be converted into the substance of the 
body. 

AS-SIM'1-L a-TED, pp. Brought to a likeness ; changed into 
a like substance. 

t AS-SIM'ILATE-NESS, n, Likeness.— Diet. 

AS-SIM'I-La-TING, ppr. Causing to resemble ; converting 
into a like substance. 

AS-SIM-I-La'TION. n. 1. The act of bringing to a resem- 
blance. 2. A state of resemblance. 3. The act or process 
by which bodies convert other bodies into their own na- 
ture and substance. — 4. In physiology, the conversion of 
nutriment into the substance of the body. 

AS-SIM'I-LA-TIVE, a. Having power of converting to a 
likeness, or to a like substance. 

AS-SIM'IL-A-TO-RY, a. Tending to assimilate. 

f AS-SIM'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. assimulo.] To feign. 

t AS-SIM-U-La'TION, n. A counterfeiting. See Simula- 
tion. _ 

AS-SI-NE'GO, n. [Port.] An ass.— Sir T. Herbert. 

AS-SIST, v. t. [L. assisto.] To give support to in some un- 
dertaking or effort, or in time of distress. — Syn. To aid ; 
help ; second ; back ; support ; further ; relieve ; succor ; 
befriend ; sustain ; benefit ; favor. 

AS-SIST', v. i. 1. To lend aid. 2. To attend or be present 
— Prescott, [a Gallicism.] 

AS-SISTANCE, n. A contribution of aid or support. — Syn. 
Help ; aid ; support ; relief ; furtherance ; succor. 

AS-SISTANT, a. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary. 

AS-SIST'ANT, n. 1. One who aids, or who contributes his 
strength, or other means, to further the designs or welfare 
of another ; an auxiliary. 2. An attendant. — Dryden, [lit- 
tle used.] 3. Formerly, in some of the New England States 
a member of the upper house of the legislature. 

t AS-SIST'ANT-LY, adv. So as to assist— Sternhold. 

AS-SIST'ED, pp. Helped; aided. 

AS-SIST'ER, n. One who lends aid. 

AS-SISTING, ppr. Helping ; aiding ; supporting with 
strength or means. 

AS-SIST'LESS, a. Without aid or help.— Pope. 

AS-SlZE', n. ) [Fr. assises, and sometimes so written 

AS-SlZ'ES. n. pi. 5 in English.] 1. Originally, an assem- 
bly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or 
justice, for public business. 2. A court in England, held 
in every county by at least one of the judges of the supe- 
rior courts, for trying issues at nisi prius, and criminal 
cases. 3. A jury, [obs.] 4. A writ. 5. A particular spe 
cies of rents. 6. The time or olace of holding the court 
of assize. 7. In a more general sense, any court of justice. 
8. A statute of regulation ; an ordinance regulating the 
weight, measure, and price of articles sold in market; and 
hence the word came to signify the weight, measure, or 
price itself. This word is, in a certain sense, now cor- 
rupted into size, which see. 

AS-SlZE', v. t. 1. To fix the weight, measure, or price of 
commodities, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. 
2. To fix the rate of ; to assess, as taxes. 



See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c, long.— I, k, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— J KEY ,— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BQOK. 



ASS 



67 



AST 



AS-SlZ'.ED (as-slzd;, pp. Regulated in weight, measure, or 
price, by an assize or ordinance. 

A*-SIZ'ER, n. An officer who has the care or inspection of 
we%hte and measures. 

AS-SIZ'QR, re. In Scotland, a juror. — Bailey. 

•vSS'-LlKE, a. Resembling an ass. — Sidney. 

! Ao-So'BER, v. t. To keep under. — Gower. 

AS-SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, re. The quality of being capable of as- 
sociation ; the quality of suffering some change by sympa- 
thy. — Darwin. 

aS-So'CIA-BLE (as-so'sha-bl), a. 1. That may be joined to 
or associated. 2. Sociable ; companionable. — In a medi- 
cal sense, liable to be affected by sympathy. 

AS-So'CIA-BLE-NESS, n. Associability. 

AS-So'CIaTE (as-so'shate), v. t. [Fr. associer; L. associo.] 

1. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner, or 
confederate. 2. To unite in the same mass. 

AS-So'CIaTE, v. i. 1. To unite in company ; to keep com- 
pany, implying intimacy. 2. To unite in action, or be 
affected by the action of a different part of the body. 

AS-So'CIATE, a. 1. Joined in interest, purpose, or office 
confederate. 2. Joined in employment or office ; as, asso- 
ciate judges. — 3. In medicine, connected by habit or sym- 
pathy ; as, associate motions. 

AS-So'CIATE, n. 1. One frequently in company with an 
other. 2. A partner in interest, as in business ; or a con 
federate in a league. 3. A companion in a criminal trans 
action ; an accomplice. — Syn. Companion ; mate ; fellow : 
friend; ally; partner; coadjutor. 

AS-So'ClA-TED, pp. United in company or in interest 
joined. 

AS-So'CIATE-SHIP, re. The state or office of an associate 

AS-So'CIa-TING, ppr. Uniting in company or in interest 
joining. 

AS-SO-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of associating ; union ; con 
nection of persons. 2. Union of persons in a company 
a society formed for transacting or carrying on some busi 
ness for mutual advantage ; a partnership ; a confederacy 

3. Union of things ; apposition, as of particles of matter. 

4. Union or connection of ideas. An association of ideas 
is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow 
each other in the mind, so that one abnost infallibly pro- 
duces the other. 5. An exertion or change of some ex- 
treme part of the sensorium residing in the muscles or 
organs of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or 
attendant fibrous contractions. Darwin. — 6. Among Con- 
gregationalists, a meeting of neighboring clergymen, held 
at stated times, for mutual consultation and improvement. 

AS-SO-CI-A'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to an association of 

clergymen. 
AS-So'CIA-TlVE, a,. Having the quality of associating, or 

of being affected by sympathy. 
*.AS-So-CIa'TOR, n. A confederate, or associate. — Dry den. 
r AS-SOIL', v. t. [Old Fr. ; L. absolvo.] To solve ; to release ; 

to absolve. — Mede. 
t AS-SOIL', v. t. [Fr. souiller.] To soil ; to stain. 
AS-SOIL'MENT, n. Act of assoiling ; absolution. — More. 
AS'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr.] Resemblance of sounds. — In rhet- 
oric and poetry, a concurrence of words or fines ending in 

sounds, which resemble each other without forming 

rhymes. 
AS'SO-NANT, a. Having a resemblance of sounds. 
\ AS'SO-NaTE, v. i. [L. assono.] To sound like a bell. 
AS-SORT.u. t. [Fr. assortir.] 1. To separate and distribute 

into classes. 2. To furnish with all sorts. 
AS-SORT', v. i. To agree ; to be in accordance with. 
AS-SORT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Distributed into sorts, kinds, or 

classes, 2. Furnished with an assortment. 3. Fitted or 

adapted to. — Burke. 
AS-SORTING, ppr. Separating into sorts ; supplying with 

an assortment ; agreeing. 
AS-SORT'MENT, n. 1. The act of distributing into sorts. 

2. A mass or quantity of things, either of the same or of 
various kinds or sorts ; or a number of things assorted. 

* AS-SOT, v. t. To infatuate ; to besot. — Spenser. 
AS-SUa(JE' (as-swaje'), v. t. To soften, in a figurative sense ; 

to bring down, or reduce, as pain of body or mind ; to 

pacify, as passion or tumult. — Syn. To allay ; mitigate ; 

appease ; soothe ; calm ; alleviate ; tranquilize ; pacify ; 

relieve. 
&S-SUa<SE', v. i. To abate or subside. — Gen., viii. 
&S-SUag'jED (as-swajd'), pp. Allayed ; mitigated ; eased ; 

appeased. 
AS SUaGE'MENT, n. Mitigation ; abatement. 
AS-SUa6'ER, n. One who allays or pacifies ; that which 

mitigates or abates. 
AS-SUA(iTNG,j>pr. Allaying; mitigating; appeasing; abating. 
\S-SUa'SiVE, a. Softening ; mitigating ; tranquilizing. — 

Pope. 
, AS-SUB'JE€T, v. t. [Fr. assoubjectir.] To make subject. 
I AS-SUB'JU-GITE, v. t. To subject to.— Shalt. 
\ AS-SUE-F ACTION, n. [L. assucfacio.] The act of accus 

toming, 



AS'SUE-TUDE, n. [L. assuetudo.] Custom; habit; habi* 
ualjise.- — Bacon. 

AS-SuME', v. t. [L. assumo.] 1. To take, or take upon one's 
self; as, to assume the debts of another. 2. To seize un- 
justly. 3. To take for granted, or without proof; to sup- 
pos_e as a fact. — Syn. To arrogate ; usurp ; appropriate. 

AS-SuME', v. i. 1. To be arrogant ; to claim more than is 
due. — 2. In law, to take upon one's self an obligation ; to 
undertake or promise. 

AS-SuM'.ED (as-sumd'), pp. Taken ; arrogated ; taken with- 
out proof ; pretended. 

t AS-Su'MENT, re. [L. assumentum.] A piece or patch set on. 

AS-SuM'ER, n. One who assumes ; an arrogant person. 

AS-SuM'ING, ppr. Taking ; arrogating ; taking for granted ; 
pretending. 

AS-SuM'ING, a. Taking or disposed to take upon one's self 
more than is just ; haughty ; arrogant. 

AS-SuM'ING, n. Presumption. — Jonson. 

AS-SUMP'SIT, n. [Pret. tense of L. assumo.] 1. In law, a 
promise or undertaking founded on a consideration. 2. 
An action founded on a promise. 

t AS-SUMPT', v. t. To take up : to raise.— Sheldon. 

t AS-SUMPT, re. That which is assumed. 

AS-SUMP'TION, re. [L. assumptio.] 1. The act of taking to 
one's self. 2. The act of taking for granted; supposition. 
3. The thing supposed ; a postulate or proposition as- 
sumed. — In logic, the minor or second proposition in a 
categorical syllogism. 4. A consequence drawn from the 
proposition of which an argument is composed. 5. Un- 
dertaking ; a taking upon one's self. — Kent. 6. The taking 
up a person into heaven. Hence, a festival in honor of 
the miraculous ascent of the Virgin Mary to heaven. 7 
Adoption. 

AS-SUMPTlVE, a. That is or may be assumed. 

AS-SUMPTl VE-LY, adv. By way of assumption. 

AS-SuR'ANCE (ash-shur'anse), re. [Fr.] 1. The act of assui - 
ing. 2. Firm persuasion ; full confidence or trust ; free- 
dom from doubt ; certain expectation ; the utmost cer- 
tainty. 3. Firmness of mind ; undoubting steadiness ; in- 
trepidity. 4. Excess of boldness ; impudence. 5. Free- 
dom from excessive modesty, timidity, or bashfulness ; 
laudable confidence. 6. Insurance; a contract to pay a 
given sum in a certain event, as a person's death. In 
England, assurance is more used of fife contingencies, and 
hisurance of other contingencies. [See Insurance.] 7. 
Any written or other legal evidence cf the conveyance of 
property. 8. Conviction. — 9. In theology, full confidence 
of one's interest in Christ, and of final salvation. 

AS-SuRE' (ash-shure'), v. t. [Fr. assurer.] 1. To make cer- 
tain ; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or other 
evidence. 2. To confirm ; to make certain or secure. 3. 
To embolden ; to make confident. 4. To make secure, 
with of before the object secured. 5. To affiance ; to be- 
troth. — Shak., [obs.] 6. To insure ; to covenant to indem- 
nify for loss. [-See Insure.] — Syn. To declare ; aver ; 
avouch; vouch; assert ; asseverate ; protest. 

AS-SuR'i<D' (ash-shurd'), pp. Made certain or confident 
made secure ; insured. 

AS-StJR'iSD (ash-shurd'), a. Certain; indubitable ; not doubt- 
ing ; bold to excess. ' 

AS-SuR'ED-LY (ash-shur'ed-ly), adv. Certainly; indubitably. 

AS-SuR'ED-NESS (ash-shur'ed-ness), re. The state of being 
assured ; certainty ; foil confidence. 

AS-SuR'ER (ash-shur'er), re. One who assures ; one who 
insures against loss ; an insurer or underwriter. 

AS-SUR'dENT, a. [L. assurgens, assurgo.] In botany, rising 
upward in a curve from a declining base. 

AS-SuR'ING (ash-shur'ing), ppr. Making sure or confident , 
giving security ; confirming; insuring. 

AS-SuRTNG-LY, adv. In a way to create assurance. 

AS-SWaGE'. Set Assuage. 

AS-SYR'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Assyria, a country of Asia. 

AS-TaR'TE, re. Ashtoreth, a goddess of the Sidonians. 

AS'TE-ISM, re. [Gr. aareios] In rhetoric, genteel irony ; a 
polite and ingenious manner of deriding another. 

AS'TER, re. [Gr. aorrip.] A genus of plants with compound 
flowers. 

AS-Te'RI-AS, re. [Gr. acrr/p.] Siel!a_ marina, or star-fish ; a 
subdivision of the radiata, or radiate animals, the fourth 
division of the animal kingdom. It has usually the form 
of a star, with five broad rays, and a mouth at the center. 

AS-TE'RI-A-TED, a. Radiated; presenting diverging rays, 
like a star. — Cleavela?id. 

ASTER-ISK, re. [Gr. aajcpusKos.] The figure of a star, 
thus, * used in printing and writing. 

AS'TER-ISM, re. [Gr. aarepin/jLo;.] 1. Formerly a constella- 
tion ; as now used, a small cluster of stars eithf r included 
or not in a constellation. — P. Cyc. 2. An asterisk, or mark 
of reference. 

A-STERN', adv. 1. In or at the hinder part of a ship ; or 
toward the hinder part, or backward. 2. Behind a ship, at 
any indefinite distance. 

AS'TER-OID, re. [Gr. aar^p and uSos.) A name given by 



D6VE;--BUL'., UNITE ;— AN'GER, VfCIOUS— G as K; <J as J ; S as Z; cH as SH; TH as in this, t Obrtfet* 



AST 



68 



ATA 



Herschel to the newly-discovered planets between the orb- 
its of Mars and Jupiter. 

AS-TER-OID'AL, a. Resembling a star ; or pertaining to 
the asteroids. — Jo urn. of Science. 

AS-TER-O-Po'DI-UM, n. [Gr. aarnp and ttovs, irodoS-] A 
kind of extraneous fossil. — Encyc. 

«■ A-STERT, v. t. To startle.— Spenser. 

AS-THENTG, a. [Gr. a and adevos-] Weak ; characterized 
by debility. 

AS-THEN-OL'O-GY, n, [Gr. a, adevos, and XoyoS-] The doc- 
trine of diseases connected with debility. 

ASTH'Ma (asfma), n. [Gr. aad/ia.] A chronic, intercnittent 
disorder of respiration, commonly attended with cough, 
straitness, and wheezing. The term is also often applied 
to any chronic difficulty of breathing. 

ASTH-MATIC, a. Pertaining to asthma ; also, affected by 
asthma. 

ASTH-MAT'IC, n. A person troubled with asthma. 

t AS-TIP'-U-LITE, for Stipulate. 

. AS-TIP-U-LX'TION, for Stipulation. 

fAS-ToNE', \v.t. [See Astonish.] To terrify or astonish. 

t AS-TON'Y, 5 —Chaucer. 

\ AS-ToN'£D } 

fAS-TON'I2?i) l^' or a - Astonished.— Spenser. — Milton. 

f AS-TON'I.ED-NESS, n. The state of being astonished. 

AS-TON'ISH. v. t. [Old Fr. estonner, now etonner; L. attono.] 
To stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror, surprise, 
or wonder ; to confound with some sudden passion. — 
Syn. To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise. 

AS-TON1SH.ED (as-ton'isht), pp. or a. Amazed; confound- 
ed with fear, surprise, or admiration. 

AS-TON'ISH-ING, ppr. Amazing ; confounding with won- 
der or fear. 

AS-TON'ISH-ING, a. Very wonderful ; of a nature to ex- 
cite great admiration or amazement. — Syn. Amazing ; 
surprising ; wonderful ; admirable ; marvelous. 

AS-TON'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner or degree to ex- 
cite amazement. — Bp. Fleetwood. 

AS-TON'ISH-ING-NESS, n. The quality of exciting aston- 
ishment. 

AS-TON'ISH-MENT, n. Confusion of mind from fear, sur- 
prise, or admiration, at an extraordinary or unexpected 
event. — Syn. Amazement; wonder; surprise; admiration. 

AS-TOUND', v. t. [from Old Fr. estonner.] To astonish ; to 
strike dumb with amazement. 

fr AS-TOUND', v. i. To shake ; to stun.— Thomson. 

AS-TOUND'ED, pp. Astonished to dumbness. 

AS-TOUNDTNG, ppr. 1. Astonishing. 2. a. Adapted to as- 
tonish. 

AS-TOUND'MENT, n. Amazement.— Coleridge. 

A-STRAD'DLE, adv. With the legs across a thing, or on 
different sides. 

AS-TR^E'A, ) n. [Gr. aarnp.] 1. The goddess of justice. 2. 

AS-TRe'A, 5 A small planet, or asteroid, discovered in De- 
cember, 1845, and revolving round the sun in 1510 days. 
3. A species of coral zoophytes, having a rounded form, 
and covered, when alive, with animal flowers. See Ani- 
mal Flower. 

AS'TRA-GAL, n. [Gr. aarpayaXos.] 1. In architecture, a lit- 
tle round molding, which surrounds the top or bottom of 
a column, in the form of a ring. — 2. In gunnery, a round 
molding on cannon near the mouth. 

AS-TRAG'A-LUS, n. [L.] In anatomy, the huckle, ankle, or 
sling bone; the upper bone of the foot, supporting the 
tibia. 

AS'TRAL, a. [L. astrum ; Gr. aar^p.] Belonging to the 
stars ; starry. — Dryden. 

AS'TRAL LAMP, n. An Argand lamp, having- the oil con- 
tained in a flattened ring, and surmounted by a hemis- 
phere of ground glass ; the whole arrangement being de- 
signed to throw a strong and uninterrupted light on the 
objects below. 

A-STRaY', adv. Out of the right way, or proper place. 

AS-TRe'A, n. See Astrjea. 

AS-TRICT, v. t. [L. astringo, astrictus.] 1. To bind fast; to 
confine. 2. To constrict; to contract. [Not much used.] 

AS-TRICT', a. Compendious ; contracted — Wee-ver. 

AS-TRICT'ED, pp. Bound fast ; confined ; constricted. 

AS-TRI€T'ING, ppr. Binding close ; constricting. 

AS-TRIC'TION, n. 1. The act of binding close. 2. A con- 
traction of parts by applications ; the stopping of fluxes or 
hemorrhages. — Coze. 3. Constipation. 
AS-TPJCTfVE, a. Binding; constricting; styptic. 

AS-TRICT'O-RY, a. Astringent ; binding ; apt to bind. 
A-STRlDE', adv. With the legs open and across a thing. 

AS-TRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. astrifer.] Bearing or containing 

stars. [Little used.] 
f AS-TRr&'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. astriger.] Bearing stars. 
AS-TRINGE', v. t. [L. astringo.] 1. To bind fast ; to con- 
strict ; to cause parts to draw together. 2. To bind by ob- 
ligation. — Wolsey. 
AS-TRING'.ED (as-trinjd'), pp. Bound fast; contracted. 
AS-TRIN6 EN-CY, n. The power of contracting the parts 



of the body ; that quality in medicines which cav.sos con 

traction of the soft solids. 
AS-TRING'ENT, a. Binding; contracting ; strengthening; 

opposed to laxative. — Astringent principle, in chemistry, 

tannic acid or tannin. 
AS-TRING'ENT, n. An astringent medicine, or one which 

causes vital contraction in the soft solids. 
AS-TRING'ER, n. A falconer that keeps a goshawk. 
AS-TRING'ING, ppr. Constricting; binding fast; contracting 
AS-TROG^RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aarnp, or aarpov and ypafto ] A 

description of the stars, or the science of describing them. 
AS'TRO-LIBE, n. [Gr. aarnp and XaSeiv.] 1. An instru 

ment formerly used for taking the altitude of the sun or 

stars at sea. 2. A stereographic projection of the sphere. 

— 3. Among the ancients, the same as the modern armillary 

sphere. 
AS-TROL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. aarnp and Xarptia.] The worship 

of the stars. — Cudworth. 
AS-TROL'O-GER, ? n. [L. astrologus.] 1. One who pro- » 
AS-TRO-Lo'Gl-AN, I fesses to foretell future events by the 

aspects and situation of the stars. Astrologian is little 

used. 2. Formerly, one who understood the motions of 

the planets without predicting. — Raleigh. 

AS-TRO-LollC-AL, } a ' Pertamin S to astrology. 

AS-TRO-LOG'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of astrology. 

AS-TROL'O-GlZE, v. i. To practice astrology. 

AS-TROL'O-G Y, n. A science which teaches to judge of the 
effects and influences of the stars, and to foretell future 
events by their situation and different aspects ; called, also, 
judicial astrology. 

AS-TRON'O-MER, n. One who is versed in astronomy 

II-tIS-nSmJI'-AL, } * Pertaining to astronomy. 

AS-TRO-NOM'I€-AL-L Y, adv. In an astronomical manner , 
by the principles of astronomy. 

AS-TRON'O-MlZE, v. i. To study astronomy.— Brown. 
[Little used.] 

AS-TRON'O-MY, n. [Gr. aarpov and j/o//oj.] The science 
which teaches the knowledge of the celestial bodies, their 
magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, a3 
pects, eclipses, order, &c. 

ASTRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. aarpov and cKo-rnw.] An astronom- 
ical instrument. 

AS-TROS'CO-P Y, n. Observation of the stars. 

AS'TRO-THE-OL'O-GY, n. [L. astrum and theologia.] Nat- 
ural theology founded on the observation of the celestial 
bodies. 

A-STRUT', adv. In a strutting manner. 

t A-STUN', v. t. To stun. 

AS-TuTE', a. [L. astutus.] Critically examining or discern 
ing. — Syn. Shrewd; keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; cun 
ning ; sagacious ; subtle ; wily ; crafty. 

AS-TuTE'LY, adv. Shrewdly ; sharply ; subtly. 

AS-TuTE'NESS, n. Shrewdness ; cunning. 

A-SUN'DER, adv. [Sax. asundrian.] Apart ; into parts ; sep- 
arately ; in a divided state. 

t A-SWOON', adv. In a swoon. — Gower. 

A-Sy'LUM, n. [L.] 1. A sanetuary, or place of refuge, where 
criminals and debtors shelter themselves from justice. 2. 
Any place of retreat and security. 3. An institution for 
the care or relief of the unfortunate ; as, an Orphan Asylum. 

A-SYM'ME-TRAL, la. [-See Symmetry.] Not having sym 

AS-YM-METRIC-AL, > merry.— More. [Little used.] 

A-SYM'ME-TRY, n. [Gr. a and avwerpia.] The want of pro 
portion between the parts of a thing. 

AS'YMP-TOTE, n. [Gr. a, aw, and tttou).] Sometimes pro- 
nounced a-symp'tote. A line which approaches nearer and 
nearer to some curve, but, though infinitely extended, 
would never meet it. 

AS-YMP-TOT'I€-AL, a. Belonging to an asymptote. 

A-SYN-AR-TeTE', a Literally disconnected. — As-ynartete 
sentences. Those whose members are not united by con- 
nective particles; as, " I came, I saw,. I conquered." — 
Brande. — Asynartete verse. A verse consisting of two mem- 
bers, having different rhythms. 

A-SYN'DE-TON, n. [Gr. a and cvv5ew.] In grammar, a fig- 
ure which omits the connective ; as, veni, vidi, vici. — 

AT, prep. [Sax. at ; Goth, at.] In general, at denotes near- 
ness or presence ; as, at the ninth hour, at the house, but it 
is less definite than in or on ; at the house, may be in or 
near the house. It denotes, also, toward, versus; as, to 
aim an arrow at a mark. From this original import are 
derived all the various uses of at. At the sight, is with, 
present, or coming the sight ; at this news, present the news, 
on or with the approach or arrival of this news. At peace, 
at war, in a state of peace or war, peace or war existing,- 
being present; at ease, at play, at a loss, &c, convey the 
like idea. 

AT'A-BAL, n. [Sp.] A kettle-drum ; a kind of tabor used 
by the Moors. 

A-TA€'A-MlTE, n. A native chlorid of copper, found orig 
inally in the desert of Atacama, between Chili and Peru. 



See. Svn<r-ris. A E, 7, &c, long.— a, E, f, <fec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— P REY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



ATL 



69 



AIR 



ATA-GHAN, n A long dagger worn in a belt, with pistols, 
in a metal scabbard. — B%ron. 

ATA-MAN. n. A hetman (headman), or chief of the Cossacks. 

AT- A-MAS'-GO, n. A species of lily of the genus amaryllis. 

AT'A-RAX-Y, n. [Gr. arufiaxoi-] Calmness of mind; a term 
used by the Stoics. 

A-TAX'I-A, ) n. [Gr. a and ru^iS.] Want of order; disturb- 

A-TAX'Y, j ance; irregularity in the functions of the 
body, or in the forms of a disease. 

A-TAX'IC, a. In medicine, irregular. — Ataxic fever. A term 
applied by Pinel to malignant typhus fever. 

AT'CHE, n. In Turkey, a small silver coin, value about six 
or seven mills. 

ATE. The preterit of eat, which see. 

A'TE (a'te), n. [Gr. arrj.] In pagan mythology, the goddess 
of mischief. 

ATE-LeNE,_<z. [Gr. areXnc,.] In mineralogy, imperfect. 

AT-E-LESTITE, n. A mineral resembling ephene. 

A-TEL'LAN, a. Relating to the dramas at Atella. 

A-TEL'LAN, n. A dramatic representation, satirical or li- 
centious.— Shaftesbury. 

A TEMPO, or A TEMPO PR? MO. [It.] A direction in 
music, that after a change of movement, the original move- 
ment be resumed. 

A TEMPO Gf-USTO. [It.] A direction in music, which 
signifies^ to sing or play in an equal, true, or just time. 

ATH-A-Na'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Athanasius or his creed. 

ATH-A-Na'SIAN, n.. He who espoused the doctrine of Ath- 
anasius. — Waterland. 

ATH'A-NOR, n. A digesting furnace, formerly used in chem- 
ical operations. 

ITHE-ISM, ?.. The disbelief of the existence of a God, or 
supreme intelligent Being. 

A'THE-IST, n. [Gr. adeos.]' One who disbelieves the exist- 
ence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being 

A'THE-IST, a. Atheistical ; disbelieving or denying the being 
of a supreme God. 

A-THE-ISTTC, > a. 1. Pertaining to atheism. 2. Disbe- 

A-THE-IST'IC-AL, > lieving the existence of a God ; impi- 
ous. 3. Implying or containing atheism. 

A-THE-ISTTG-AL-LY, adv. In an atheistic manner ; impi- 
ously. 

A-THE-ISTIC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being atheistical. 

ITHE-lZE, v. t. To render atheistic— Berkeley. 

f A"THE-lZE, v. i. To discourse as an atheist. 

A'THEL, 1 Noble; of illustrious birth. Sax. add, athel ; G. 

I'DEL, \ adel ; as, in Atheling, a noble youth ; Ethel- 

/E'THEL. ) red, noble counsel. 

ATH-E-NE'UM, n. [Gr. adrjvaiov.] 1, In Athens, a place 
where the learned publicly read their compositions. 2. 
In the United States, a public reading-room for periodi- 
cals^ <fec. 

A-THe'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of 
Attica, in Greece. 

A-THe'NI-AN, n. A native or inhabitant of Athens. 

A-THE-O-Lo'Gl-AN, n. One who is the opposite to a theo- 
logian. 

1 A-THE-OL'O-GY, n. Atheism.— Swift. 

\ a'THE-OUS, a. Atheistic ; impious.— Milton. 

ATH-E-Rl'NA, n. A genus of fishes allied to the mullets. 

ATH'E-RiNE, n. A name common to the genus atherina. 

ATH-E-Ro'MA, n. [Gr. from aOrjpa.] A kind of wen or en- 
cysted tumor. 

ATH-E-ROM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to or resembling an 
atheroma. — Wiseman. 

A-THiRST, a. 1. Thirsty ; wanting drink. 2. Having a keen 
appetite or desire. 

ATH'LeTE, n. 1. Among the ancients, one who contended 
for the prize in the public games. Hence, 2. A contender 
for victory. 

ATHLETIC, a. [Gr. ad^wnS-] 1. Belonging to wrestling, 
boxing, running, and other exercises. 2. Strong ; lusty ; 
robust ; vigorous. 

ATH-LETIC-AL-LY, adv. In an athletic manner ; power- 
fully. 

ATH'LE-TISM, n. The act of contending at the public 
games ; muscular strength. 

A-THWART, prep. 1. Across ; from side to side ; trans- 
verse.— 2. In marine language, across the line of a ship's 
course ; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. — Mar. Diet. 

A -THWART', adv. In a manner to cross and perplex ; cross- 
ly ; wrong ; wrongfully. 

A-TILT', adv. 1. In the manner of a tilter ; in the position, 
or with the action of a man making a thrust. 2. In the 
manner of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. 

AT'I-MY, n. [Gr. ariixia.] In ancient Greece, public disgrace ; 
exclusion from office or magistracy, by some disquahfying 
act or decree. 

AT-LAN-TE AN, } a. 1. Pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which 

AT-LAN'TI-AN, 5 the ancients allege was sunk and over- 
whelmed by the ocean. 2. Pertaining to Atlas ; resembling 
Atias. 

AT-LAN'TeS, n.pl. [L.] In architecture, figures or half fig- 

D6 VEJ^-B LJLLTUNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.—€ as 



ures of men, used instead of columns or pilasters, to sup 
port an entablature.— P. Cyc. 

AT-LAN'TIC, a. [from Atlas o«* Atlantis.^ 1. Pertaining to 
the Atlantic Ocean. 2. Pertaining to the island jf Atlantis ; 
as, the Atlantic isle. 

AT-LAN'TIC, n. The ocean, o. that part of the ocean which 
is between Europe and Africa on the east and America on 
the west. 

AT-LAN'TI-€A, In. An isle mentioned by the ancients, sit- 

AT-LAN'TIS, 5 uated west of the Strait of Gades, or Gib- 
raltar. 

AT-LAN'TI-DeS, n. pi. A name given to the Pleiades, or sev- 
en stars. 

AT-LAN'TIS (The New), n. [L.] A fictitious, philosophice- 
commonwealth of Lord Bacon, or the piece describing it. 

AT'L AS, ?i. [L.] 1. A collection of maps in a volume ; sup- 
posed to be so called from a picture of Atlas, supporting 
the heavens, prefixed to some collection. — Johnson. The 
term is also applied to works in which subjects are exhib- 
ited in a tabular form ; as, an historical atlas. 2. A large, 
square folio, resembling a volume of maps ; called, also, 
atlas-folio. 3. In the plural, atlantes, columns. [See At- 
lantes.] — 4. A satin, or stuft', manufactured in the East. 
5. The first vertebra of the neck. 6. A term applied to pa- 
per ; as, atlas fine. 

AT-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. arncs and nerpew.] An instrument 
to measure the quantity of exhalation from a humid sur- 
face in a given time ; an evaporometer. 

AT'MOS-PHeRE, n. [Gr. ar^s and a<paip a .] 1. The whole 
mass of aeriform fluid surrounding the earth. — 2. In elec- 
tricity, the space around an electrical body, through which 
its electrical influence extends.— 3. Figuratively, pervading 
influence ; as, a moral atmosphere. 

AT-MOS-PHERTC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to the atmosphere. 

AT-MOS-PHER'IC-AL, J 2. Dependent on the atmosphere. 
— Atmospheric air. The common air, as distinguished from 
vital air, or oxygen, and other gases — Atmospheric stones 
Meteoric stones, or those which fall from above. 

AT'OLL, n. [A Maldive word.] A coral island, consisting of a 
strip or ring of coral surrounding a central lagoon. — Lyell. 

ATOM, n. [Gr. arojuoj ; L. atomus.] 1. A particle of matter 
so minute as to admit of no division. 2. The ultimate or 
smallest component part of a body. 3. Any thing ex- 
tremely small. 

A-TOMTG, ~)a. Pertaining to atoms; consisting of at- 

A-TOMTC-AL, > oms ; extremely minute. — Atomical phi- 
losophy. This taught that atoms arranged themselves into 
the universe without the agency of God. — Atomic theory, 
in cliemistry, or the doctrine of definite proportions, teach- 
es that all chemical combinations take place between the 
supposed ultimate particles, or atoms of bodies ; and that 
these unite, either one atom with one atom, or by sums of 
atoms which are integral multiples of unity. 

ATOM-ISM, n. The doctrine of atoms. 

ATOM-IST, n. One who holds to the atomical philosophy. 

ATOM-IZE, v. t. To reduce to atoms.— Baxter. 

ATOM-LlKE, a. Resembling atoms. — Browne. 

AT-OM-OL'O-gY, n. The doctrine of atoms. — Knowles. 

AT'O-MY, n. A word used by Shakspeare for atom ; also, an 
abbreviation of anatomy. 

AT-oNE', adv. [at and one.] At one ; together. — Spenser. 

A-ToNE', v. i. [supposed to be compounded of at and one.] 
1. To agree ; to be in accordance , to accord. [This sense 
is obsolete.] 2. To stand as an equivalent ; to make rep- 
aration, amends, or satisfaction for an offense or a crime. 
3. To atone for, to make compensation or amends. 

A-ToNE', v. t. 1. To expiate ; to answer or make satisfao 
tion for. — Pope. 2. To reduce to concord ; to appease. 
[Not now used.] 

A-ToN'.ED (atondO, pp. Expiated , appeased ; reconciled. 

A-ToNE'MENT, n. 1. Agreement ; concord ; reconciliation 
after enmity or controversy.— Rom., v. 2. Expiation ; sat- 
isfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for 
an injury. — 3. In theology, the expiation of sin made by the 
obedience and personal sufleririgs of Christ. 

A-ToN'ER, n. He who makes atonement 

A-TON'IC, a. Debilitated ; wanting tone. la medicine, char- 
acterized by atony, or want of vital energy. 

A-ToN'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Reconciling. 2. Making amends, 
or satisfaction. 

AT'O-NY, n. [Gr. arovia.] Debility; a want of tone; defect 
of muscular power ; palsy ; particularly, want of vital en 
ergy and strength in the heart and arteries. 

A-TOP', adv. On or at the top. — Alston. 

AT-RA-BIL-aHI-AN, la. [L. atra bilis.] Affected with 

AT-RA-BIL-a'RI-OUS, > melancholy, which the ancients 
attributed to the black bile ; replete with black bile. 

AT-RA-BIL-a'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being melan- 
choly, or affected with disordered bile. 

AT-RA-BIL'IA-RY, a. Melancholic or hypochondriacal, from 
the supposed predominance of black bile. 

A-TRA-Bi'LIS, n. [L.] Black bile ; a morbid state of the 
proper bile. 



K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



ATT 



70 



ATT 



AT-RA-MENT-l'CEOUS, a. Black like Ink ; inky. 

AT-ftA-MENTAL, \ a. [L. utramentum,] Inky ; black like 

AT-RA-MENT'OUS. j ink. 

AT-RA-MENT-X'RI OUS, a. Like ink ; suitable for making 
ink. 

t aTRjBD, a. [L. ater.] Tinged with a black color. 

A'TRIP', adv. In nautical language, tbe anchor is atrip 
when drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direc- 
tion. 

4-TR.o'CIOUS (a-tro'shus), a. [L.atrox.] 1. Extremely hein- 
Vms, criminal, or cruel. 2. Very grievous ; [obs.] — Syn. Fla- 
grant ; enormous ; outrageous ; flagitious ; violent ; hein- 
ous; horrible. 

A TRo'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an atrocious manner ; with enor- 
mous cruelty or guilt. 

A-TRo'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being enormously 
criminal or cruel. 

A-TROC'I-TY, n. Enormous wickedness ; extreme heinous- 
ness or cruelty. 

A'FRO-PHY, n. [Gr. a and r/>£0w.] A consumption or wast- 
ing of the flesh, with loss of strength, without any sensible 
cause ; a wasting from defect of nourishment. 

AT-RO-Pl'NA, } n. A vegetable alkaloid extracted from the 

A-TRo'PI-A, 3 atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. 

AT-TACH', v. t. [Fr. attacker.] 1. In a general sense, to 
seize and hold fast Hence, 2. To take by legal authority ; 
to arrest the person or lay hold of property by writ; to 
answer for a debt or demand. 3. To cause to adhere ; to 
connect as an adjunct ; as, to attach a car to a locomotive. 
4. To connect with, in a figurative sense; as, to attach im- 
portance to some act. 5. To take, seize, and lay hold on 
by moral force, as by affection or interest ; to win the 
heart ; to fasten or bind by moral influence. — Syn. To af- 
Cx ; bind ; tie ; tack ; fasten ; connect ; subjoin ; annex ; win ; 
gain over ; charm ; enamor. 

AT-TACH'A-BLE, a. That may be legally attached ; liable 
to be taken by writ or precept. 

AT-TA-CHE' (.at-ta-shaT), n. [Fr.] One attached to another, 
as a part of his suit or attendants ; particularly one attach- 
ed to the suit of an embassador. 

AT-TACH.ED (at-tachf ), pp. Taken by writ or precept, 
drawn to and fixed, or united by aftection or interest; con 
nected with. 

AT-TACH'ING, ppr. Taking or seizing by commandment 
or writ ; drawing to, and fixing by influence ; winning the 
affections ; fastening ; connecting with. 

AT-TACH'MENT, n. 1. A taking of the person, goods, or 
estate by a writ or precept in a civil action, to secure a 
debt or demand. 2. A writ directing the person or estate 
of a person to be taken, to secure his appearance before a 
court. It is called a foreign attachment when laid on 
property of the debtor in the hands of a third person. 3. 
Close adherence or aftection; fidelity; regard; any pas- 
sion or aftection that binds a person. 4. That by which 
one thing is attached to another ; as, to cut the attachments 
of a muscle. 5. Some adjunct attached to an instrument, 
machine, or other object ; as, the Eolian attachment to the 
piano-forte. 

AT-TACK', v. t. [Fr. attaquer.] 1. To assault ; to fall upon 
with force. 2. To fall upon with unfriendly words or 
writing ; to begin a controversy with. — Syn. To assail ; as- 
sault ; invade ; beset ; besiege ; beleager ; combat ; im- 
pugn; encounter. 

AT-TA-GK', n. A falling on, with force or violence, or with 
calumny, satire, or criticism. — Syn. Assault ; invasion ; en- 
counter; onset; inroad; charge. 

AT-TA€K'A-BLE, a. That can be attacked ; assailable. 

AT-TA€K'_ED (at-taktf), pp. Assaulted; invaded; fallen on 
by force or enmity. 

AT-TA€K'ER, n. One who assaults or invades. 

AT-TACK'ING, ppr. Assaulting; invading; falling on with 
force, calumny, or criticism. 

AT-TA-€OTTI€, a. Pertaining to the Attacotti, a tribe of 
ancient Britons, allies of the Scots. 

ATTA-GAS, In. A variety of the hazel-grouse, found in 

ATTA-gfEN, 5 the south of Europe. 

ATTA-GHAN. See Ataghan. 

AT-TaIN', v. i. [Fr. and Norm, atteindre.] 1. To reach ; to 
come to or arrive at. 2. To reach ; to come to or arrive 
at by an effort of mind. 

AT-TaIN', v. t. 1. To gain or compass ; that is, to reach by 
efforts. 2. To reach or come to a place or object by 
progression or motion. 3. To reach in excellence or de- 
gree ; to equal. — Syn. To reach ; achieve ; accomplish ; 
acquire ; obtain ; procure ; gain ; get. 

t AT-TaIN', n. Attainment.— Glanville. 

AT-TIIN-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Attainableness.— Coleridge. 

AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be attained; that may be 

AT-TiIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being attainable. 

AT-TaINT)ER, n. [Norm. Yr. atteindre.] 1. Literally, a stain- 
ing, corruption, or rendering impure ; a corruption of 
blood. 2. By the common law of England, a deprivation of 



power to inherit or transmit property and, in general, a 
loss of all civil rights, consequent on a sentence of death 
or outlawry for treason or felonv. [No^attainder exists in 
America ; and in England it is limited, by a recent statute, 
to the life of the person attainted.] 3. The act of attainting. 

AT-TaIN'£D (at-taind'), pp. Reached; achieved. 

AT-TaIN'ING, ppr. Reaching ; arriving at ; achieving. 

AT-TaIN'MENT, n. 1. The act of attaining; the act of ar 
riving at or reaching. 2. That which is attained to, or ob- 
tained by exertion ; acquisition. 

AT-TAINT', v. t. 1. To taint or corrupt ; to extinguish the 
pure or inheritable blood of a person found guilty of trea- 
son or felony. 2. To taint, as the credit of jurors, convict- 
ed of giving a false verdict. 3. To disgrace ; to stain. 4. To 
taint or corrupt. — Shak. 

AT-TaINT' (at-tanf), n. 1. A stain, spot, or taint.— Shak. 2 
Any thing injurious ; that which impairs. — Shak., [obs.] 3. 
A blow or wound on the legs or feet of a horse. 4. A writ 
which lies after judgment against a jury for giving a false 
verdict in any court of record. 

t AT-TaINT, part. a. Convicted. 

AT-TaINT'ED, pp. Stained ; corrupted ; rendered infa 
mous ; rendered incapable of inheriting. 

AT-TaINT'ING, ppr. Staining ; corrupting ; rendering in- 
famous by judicial act ; depriving of inheritable blood. 

AT-TaINT'MENT, n. The being attainted. 

AT-TaINTURE, n. A staining or rendering infamous , ^e 
proach; imputation. 

t AT-TAMIN-ITE, v. t. [L. dttamino.) To corrupt. 

ATTAR OF Ro'SES, n. A highly fragrant, concrete oil, 
obtained in India from the petals of the rose. 

t AT-TASK', v. t. To task j to tax.— -Shak. 

t AT-TISTE', v. t. To taste. 

AT-TEM'PER, v. t. [L. attempero*.] 1. To reduce, modify, oi 
moderate by mixture. 2. To soften, mollify, or moder 
ate. 3. To mix in just proportion ; to regulate. 4. To 
accommodate ; to fit or make suitable. 

I AT-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Temperance.— Chaucer. 

aT-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. attemper atus.) Tempered; pro- 
portioned ; suited. 

t AT-TEM'PER-aTE, v. t. To attemper. 

AT-TEM'PERJD, pp. Reduced in quality ; moderated ; 
softened; well mixed; suited. 

AT-TEM'PER-ING, ppr. Moderating in quality; softening; 
mixing in due proportion ; making suitable. 

t AT-TEM'PER-LY, adv. In a temperate manner. 

AT-TEM'PER-MENT, n. A tempering or due proportion. 

AT-TEMPT', v. t. [Fr. attenter.] 1. To make an effort to 
effect some object ; to make trial or experiment ; to try ; 
to endeavor ; to use exertion for any purpose. 2. To at- 
tack ; to make an effort upon. This verb is not always 
followed by an object, and appears intransitive ; but some 
object or verb in the infinitive is understood. 

AT-TEMPT', n. An essay, or an effort to gain a point. — Syn. 
Endeavor; trial; undertaking; enterprise; attack; onset; 
assault. 

AT-TEMPT' A-BLE, a. That may be attempted, tried, or 
attacked ; liable to an attempt. 

AT-TEMPT'ED, pp. Essayed; tried; attacked. 

AT-TEMPT'ER, n. One who attempts, or attacks. 

AT-TEMPTiNG, ppr. Trying; essaying; making an effort 
to gain a point ; attacking. 

AT-TENrr, v. t. [L. attendo ; Fr. attendre.] 1. To go with, 
as a companion, minister, or servant. 2. To be present , 
to be united with ; as, a disease attended with fever. 3. To 
be present on duty, or to take care of; as, to attend the 
sick. 4. To be present on business, or from connection 
with affairs ; as, to attend court. 5. To be consequent to, 
from connection of cause. 6. To await ; to remain, abide, 
or be in store for. 7. To wait for ; to lie in wait. 8. To 
wait or stay for. 9. To accompany with solicitude ; to 
regard. 10. To regard with interest ; to fix the mind upon. 
11. To expect. — Raleigh, [not in use.] — Syn. To accompa- 
ny ; escort ; wait on ; hearken ; listen ; give ear. 

AT-TEND', v. i. 1. To listen ; to regard with attention ; fol- 
lowed by to. 2. To fix the attention upon, as an object 
of pursuit ; to be busy or engaged in. 3. To wait on ; to 
accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty ; with on 
or upon. 4. To wait on, in service or worship ; to serve. 
5. To stay; to delay, [obs.] 6. To wait; to be within 

AT-TEND'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of waiting on, or 
serving. 2. A waiting on ; a being present on business of 
any kind. 3. Service ; ministry. 4. The persons attend- 
ing ; a train ; a retinue. 5. Attention ; regard ; careful 
application of mind. 6. Expectation. — Hooker, [obs.] 

AT-TEND'ANT, a. 1. Accompanying ; being present, or in 
the train. 2. Accompanying, connected with, or imme- 
diately following, as consequential. — 3. In law, depending 
on or owing service to. 

AT-TEND'ANT, n. 1. One who attends or accompanies; 
one who belongs to the train. 2. One who is present. — 
3. In law, one who owes duty or service to, or depend* 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQQK, 



ATT 



71 



ATT 



on another. 4. That which accompanies or is consequent 
to. 

AT-TEND'ED, pp. Accompanied ; having attendants ; served ; 
waited on. 

AT-TEND'ER, n. One who attends; a companion; an as- 
sociate. [Little used.] 

A T-l ENDING, ppr. Going with; accompanying; waiting 
on; being present; serving; listening. 
ATTENDiNG-LY, adv. With attention.— Oley. 

AT-TENT, a. Attentive.— 2 Chron., vi. 

4T-TENT, n. Attention ; as, with due attent. — Spenser. 

AT-TENT'aTES, n. pi. Proce edings in a court of judicature, 
after an inhibition is decreed. 

4T-TENTION, n. pi. 1. The act of attending, or heeding. 
2. Act of civility, or courtesy. 3. The word of command 
given to soldiers before performing an exercise or evolu- 
tion. — Syn. Care; heed; study; consideration; applica- 
tion ; advertence ; respect ; regard. 

AT-TENTiVE, a. [Fr. attentif] Regarding with attention. 
— Syn. Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; 
circumspect; watchful. 

AT-TENT'IVE-LY, adv. Heedfully ; carefully ; with fixed 
attention. 

AT-TENTlVE-NESS, n. The state of being attentive ; 
needfulness ; attention. 

AT-TENT'LY, adv. Attentively.— Barrow. 

AT-TEN1J-ANT, a. Making thin, as fluids; diluting; ren- 
dering less dense and viscid. 

AT-TEN'U-ANT, n. A medicine which thins the fluids, sub- 
tilizes their parts, dissolves viscidity, and disposes the 
fluids to motion, circulation, and secretion ; a diluent. 

AT-TENtJ-ITE, v. t. [L. attenuo.] 1. To make thin, or less 
consistent ; to subtilize or break the humors of the body 
into finer parts ; to render less viscid. 2. To comminute ; 
to break or wear solid substances into finer or very minute 
parts ; to pulverize. 3. To make slender ; to reduce in 
thickness. 

AT-TEN'U-ATE, a. Made thin, or less viscid ; mads slender. 

AT-TEN T/ U-1-TED, pp. or a. Made thin or less viscid ; com- 
minuted ; made slender. — In botany, growing slender to- 
ward the extremity. 

AT-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin, as fluids ; making 
fine, as solid substances ; making slender or lean. 

AT-TEN-tJ-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin, as fluids. 

2. The act of making fine, by comminution or attrition ; 
pulverization. 3. The act or process of making slender, 
thin, or lean. 

AFTER, n. [Sax. ater.] Corrupt matter. — Skinner. 

ATTER-ITE, v. t. [L. attero.} 1. To wear away. 2. To 
form or accumulate by wearing. ' 

ATTER-I-TED, pp. Formed by wearing.— Ray. 

AT-TER-I'TION, n. The operation of forming land by the 
wearing of the sea, and the wearing of the earth in one 
place and deposition of it hi another. 

AT-TEST, v. t. [Fr. attester ; L. attestor.] 1. To bear wit- 
ness to ; to certify ; to affirm to be true or genuine ; to 
make a solemn declaration. 2. To bear witness to, or 
support the truth of a fact, by other evidence than words. 

3. To call to witness ; to invoke as conscious. 
AT-TEST, n. Witness ; testimony ; attestation. [ Little used.] 
AT-TEST- a'TION, n. Testimony ; witness ; a solemn or 

official declaration. 

AT-TEST'ED, pp. or a. Proved or supported by testimony, 
solemn or official ; witnessed to ; supported by evidence. 

AT-TEST'iNG, ppr. Witnessing to ; calling to witness ; af- 
firming in support of. 

AT-TEST'OR, n. One who attests. 

ATTIC, a. [L. Atticus; Gr. Attikos.] Pertaining to Attica, 
in Greece, or to its principal city, Athens ; marked by such 
qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians. Thus, 
Attic wit, Attic salt, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the 
Athenians. An Attic style, a style pure, classical, and ele- 
gant. Attic faith, inviolable faith. Attic dialect, the dialect 
of the ancient Greek language, spoken by the Athenians. 

ATTIC, n. 1. A small square pillar, with its cornice on the 
uppermost part of a building. 2. An Athenian ; an Athe- 
nian author. 

ATTIC, ~tn. A story above the regular building, 

ATTIC-STo'RY, $ with small windows either in or above 
the cornice. 

ATTIC-AL, a. [L. atticus.] Pertaining to Athens ; pure ; 
classical. — Hammmd. 

ATTI-CISM, 7i. 1. The peculiar style and idiom of the 
Greek language, used by the Athenians ; refined and ele- 
gant Greek. 2. A particular attachment to the Athenians. 
— Mitford. 

ATTI-ClZE, v. t. To conform or make conformable to the 
language or idiom of Attica. 

ATTI-ClZE, v. i. 1. To use Atticisms, or the idiom of the 
Athenians. 2. To side with the Athenians. — Smith's 
Thucydides. 

ATTICS, n. pi. The title of a book in Pausanias, which 
treats of Attica. 



AT-TINOE', v. t. [L. attingo.] To touch lightly,- Did. 

AT-TlRE', v. t. [Norm, attyrer.] To dress ; to array ; to 
adorn ; particularly to adorn with elegant or splendid 
garments. 

AT-TlRE', n. 1. Dress ; clothes ; habit ; but, appropriately. 
ornamental dress. 2. The horns of a deer.— 3. In botany, 
the generative parts of plants. 

AT-TlR'.ED (at-tird'), pp. Dressed ; decked with ornaments 
or attire. 

AT-TlR'ER, n. One who dresses or adorns with attire. 

AT-TlR'ING, ppr. Dressing ; adorning with dress or attire 

t AT-Tl'TLE, v. t. To entitle.— Gower. 

ATTI-TUDE, n. [Fr. attitude.] 1. The posture or position 
of a person, or the manner in which the parts of his body 
are disposed, particularly in relation to some purpose or 
emotion ; as, an attitude of entreaty. — In painting and 
sculpture, the posture or action in which a figure or statue 
is placed. 2. Posture or position of things ; as, let the na 
tio'n preserve a firm attitude. 

AT-TI-TuTJlN-AL, a. Pertaining to attitude. 

AT-TOL'LENT, a. [L. attollens.] Lifting up ; raising.- 
Derham. 

AT-TOL'LENT, n. A muscle which raises some part, a? 
the ear, the eye-ball, or the upper eye-lid ; otherwise 
called levator or elevator. 

AT-ToNE'. See Atone. 

AT-T6RN' (at-turn'), v. i. [L. ad and torno.] In the feudal 
law, to turn, or transfer homage and service from one lord 
to another. 

AT-TGRN'EY (at-turny). n. ; pi. AT-T6RN'EYS. [Norm at 
tournon.] 1. One who is legally qualified to act for an- 
other in courts of law. 2. One who is duly authorized 
to transact business for another, as his agent or factor. — 
Attorney-general is an officer appointed to manage business 
for the state or public ; and his duty, in particular, is to 
prosecute persons guilty of crimes. — Letter, power, or war- 
rant of attorney, is a writing by which a person author- 
izes another person to transact business for him, as his 
agent or factor. 

t AT-T6RN'EY, v. t. To perfonn by proxy ; to employ as n 
proxy. — Shak. 

AT-TORN'EY-SHIP, n. The office of an attorney ; agency 
for another. — Shak. 

AT-ToRN'ING, ppr. Acknowledging a new lord, or trans- 
ferring homage and fealty to the purchaser of an estate. 

AT-TORN'M£NT, n. The act of a feudatory vassal or tenant, 
by which he consents to receive a new lord or superior. 

AT-TRACT, v. t. [L. attraho, attractus.] 1. In physics, tc 
draw to, or cause to tend toward; particularly, to cause 
to approach, adhere, or combine ; or to cause to resist 
divulsion, separation, or decomposition. 2. To draw by 
an influence of a moral kind ; as, to attract all hearts. 
3. To engage ; as, to attract attention. — Syn. To draw ; 
allure ; invite ; entice. 

t AT-TRACT, n. Attraction.— Hudibras. 

AT-TRACT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being attractable 
— Asiat. Researches. 

AT-TRACTA-BLE, a. That may be attracted ; subject to 
attraction. 

ATTRACTED,^. Drawn toward ; invited; allured ; e.n 
gaged. 

"I" AT TT-? A-f^T'T-f 1 } 

t AT-TRACT'IC-AL \ °" Havin o power to draw to. — Ray. 

AT-TRACTILE, a.' That has power to attract— Med. Rep. 

ATTRACTING, ppr. Drawing to or toward ; inviting: al- 
luring; engaging. 

AT-TRACTING-LY, adv. In an attracting manner. 

AT-TRAC'TION, n. 1. In physics, the force or law which 
draws bodies or their particles toward each other, or 
which resists their tendency to separate. Attraction, when 
exerted at sensible distances, may be divided into that of 
gravitation, of magnetism, and of electricity. When exert- 
ed at insensible distances, it may either take place between 
homogeneous particles, and is then called the attraction oj 
aggregation, or cohesion, or between heterogeneous parti- 
cles, and is then called chemical attraction. 2. The act of 
attracting ; the effect of the principle of attraction. 3. The 
power or act of alluring, drawing to. inviting, or engaging 
— Elective attraction, or affinity, in chemistry, is the tend 
ency of those substances, in a mixture, to combine which 
have the strongest attraction. — Syn. Allurement ; entice 
ment; charm. 

AT-TRACT'lVE, a. [Fr. attractif] 1. Having the quality 
of attracting ; drawing to. 2. Drawing to by moral influ- 
ence ; alluring ; inviting ; engaging. 

AT-TRACT'I VE-LY, adv. With the power of attracting, or 
drawing to. 

AT-TRACT'lVE-NESS, n. The quality of being attractive, 
or engaging. 

AT-TRACT'OR, n. The person or thing that attracts. 

* AT-TRa'HENT, a. [L. attrahens.] Drawing to or attracting. 

AT-TRl'HENT, n. That which draws, as" a magnet, or a 
medicine. 



Do YE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t 



AUD 



72 



AUG 



* AT-1 RAP', v. t. To clothe ; to dress. 

AT-TRE€T-a'TION, n. [L. attrectatio.\ Frequent handling. 
—Diet. 

AT-TRIB'U-TA-BLE, a. That may be ascribed, imputed, or- 
attributed; ascribable; imputable. 

AT-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. attribuo.] 1. To allot or attach, in 
contemplation; to consider as belonging. 2. To give as 
due ; to yield as an act of the mind. 3. To point to as a 
cause. — Syn. To ascribe ; impute ; assign. 

AT'TRI-BUTE, n. 1. That which is attributed ; that which 
is considered as belonging to or inherent in. 2. Quality ; 
characteristic disposition. 3. A thing belonging to an- 
other ; an appendant. 4. Reputation ; honor. — Shak. 

AT-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Ascribed ; yielded as due ; imputed. 

AT-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Ascribing ; yielding or giving as 
due; imputing. 

AT-TRI-BO'TION, n. The act of attributing, or the quality 
ascribed; commendation. 

AT-TRIB'U-TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to or expressing an at- 
tribute. 2. That attributes ; attributive ; as, attributive 
justice. — Bacon. 

AT-TRIB'U-TIVE, n. In grammar, a word significant of an 
attribute ; as an adjective, verb, participle, or adverb. 

AT-TRlTE', a. [L. attritus.] 1. Worn by rubbing or friction. 
— Milton. 2. In Roman Catholic theology, penitent only 
through fear of punishment. 

AT-TRlTE'NESS, n. The being much worn. 

AT-TRl"TION, n. 1. Abrasion ; the act of wearing by fric- 
tion, or rubbing substances together. 2. The state of be- 
ing worn. 3. With Roman Catholic divines, grief for sin 
arising only from fear of punishment; the lowest degree 
of repentance. — Wallis. 

AT-TuNE', v. t. 1. To tune, or put in tune ; to adjust one 
sound to another ; to make accordant 2. To make mu- 
sical ; as, to " attune the trembling leaves." Milton. — 
3. Figuratively, to arrange fitly ; to make accordant ; as, 
to attune the thoughts. 

AT-TuN'.ED (at-tund'), pp. Made musical or harmonious ; 
accommodated in sound ; made accordant. 



AT-TuNTNG, ppr. 

ing accordant. 
fA-TWAlN', adv. 
f A-TWEEN', adv. 
t A-TWIXT, adv. 



Putting in tune ; making musical ; mak- 



In twain ; asunder. — Shak. 
Between. — Spenser. 
Betwixt. — Spenser. 

fA-TWi)' (a-too'), adv. In two. — Chaucer. 

A U-BaINE '(o-bane'), n. [Fr. aubain.] The droit d'aubaine, 
in France, is the right of the king to the succession or in- 
heritance of an alien dying within his jurisdiction. It is 
now abolished. 

AU'BIN, n. A broken kind of gait in a horse, between an 
amble aoi a gallop, vulgarly called a Canterbury gallop. 

AUBURN, a. [from brun, bruno, Fr. and It., brown.] Red- 
dish bvown. 

AUCTION, n. [L. auctio.] 1. A public sale of property to 
the highest bidder, and, regularly, by a person licensed 
and authorized for the purpose ; a vendue. Contracts for 
services, supplies, &c, are disposed of to the lowest bidder. 
2. The tilings sold at auction ; as, '• to buy the whole auc- 
tion." — Pope. Dutch Auction, the setting up of property 
above its value, and gradually lowering the price, till some 
one takes it. — P. Cyc. 

t AUCTION, v. t. To sell by auction. 

AUC'TION-A-RY, a. Belonging to an auction or public sale. 
— Dryden. 

AUC-TION-EER', n. [L. auctionarius.] The person who 
sells at auction. 

AUC-TION-EER', v. t. To sell at auction.— Cowper. 

f AUC'TlVE, a. Of an increasing quality.— Diet. 

AU-CU-Pi'TION, n. [L. aucupatio.] The act or practice of 
taking birds ; fowling ; bird-catching. [Little used.] 

AU-DI'CIOUS (au-da'shus), a. [L. audax ; Fr. audacieux.] 
1. Very bold or daring. 2. Committed with, or proceed- 
ing from daring effrontery ; as, an audacious insult. — 
Syn. Impudent ; effrontive ; daring ; bold. 

AU-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an impudent manner ; with ex- 
cess of boldness. — Shak. 

AU-Da'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being audacious ; 
impudence ; audacity. — Sandys. 

AU-DAC'I-TY, n. 1. Boldness, sometimes in a good sense ; 
daring spirit, resolution, or confidence. 2. Audacious- 
ness, in a bad sense ; implying a contempt of law or moral 
restraint. — Syn. Impudence; effrontery; hardihood. 

AUD'E-AN-ISM, n. Anthropomorphism, or the doctrine of 
' Audeus, a Syrian of the fourth century. 

AUD'I-BLE, a. [L. audibilis.] That may be heard ; perceiv- 
able by the ear ; loud enough to be heard. 

f AUD'I-BLE, n. The object of bearing.— Diet. 

AUD'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being audible. 

AUD'I-BLY, adv. In an audible manner ; in a manner so as 
to be heard. 

^UD'I-ENCE, n. 1. The act of hearing, or attending to 
sounds. 2. Admittance to a hearing ; reception to an in- 
terview, especially with a sovereign or the head of a gov- 



eminent, for conference or the transaction of business , 
as, Mr. Pitt had an audience of the lung. The term is also 
applied to an interview of mere ceremony between tho 
head of a government and the representatives of foreign 
powers, as when an embassador requests an audience of 
leave. 3. An auditory ; an assembly of hearers. — 4. In the 
Spanish dominions, a court, and the territory over which 
its jurisdiction extended. Robertson. — 5. In England, a 
court held by the Archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject 
of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, &c. 

AUD'I-ENCE-CHaM'BER, n. An apartment for an audi- 
ence or solemn meeting. 

AUD'I-ENCE-CoURT, n. A court belonging to the Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury, of equal authority with the arches 
court, though inferior both in dignity and antiquity. 

t AUD'I-ENT, n. A hearer.— Shelton. 

AUDIT, n. [L. audit.] 1. An examination of an account, 
or of accounts, with a hearing ~f the parties concerned. 

2. The result of such an examination ; a final account. 
AUD'IT, v. t. To examine and adjust an account or accounts, 
t AUDIT, v. i. To sum up. — Arbuthnot. 

AU-Dl'TA QUE-RE'LA. [L.] In law, a writ of complaint 
for redress. 

AUD'IT-HOUSE, n. An appendage to a cathedral. 

f AUD-l"TION, n. Hearing. 

AUD'IT-lVE, a. Having the power of hearing. 

AUD'IT-OR, n. [L.] 1. A hearer ; one who attends to hear 
a discourse. 2. A person appointed and authorized to ex 
amine an account or accounts. 

AUD'IT-OR-SHIP, n. The office of auditor. 

AUD'IT-O-RY, a. That has the power of hearing ; pertain- 
ing to the sense or organs of hearing. 

AUD'IT-O-RY, n. [L. auditorium.] 1. An audience ; an as- 
sembly of hearers. 2. A place or apartment where dis 
courses are delivered. 3. A bench on which a judge sits 
to hear causes. 

AUD'IT-RESS, n. A female hearer.— Milton. 

AUF, ra. A fool; a simpleton. &e Oaf. 

AU FaIT (o-faO. [Fr.J Literally, to or up to the accom 
plishment, i. e., master of a thing ; capable of doing what- 
ever may be requisite in the case ; followed properly by 
of, as in French by de. 

AU-(Je'AN, a. Belonging to Augeas ; as, the Augean stable. 

AU'GER, n. [D. avegaar.] 1. An instrument for boring 
large holes, used by carpenters, &c. 2. An instrument 
for perforating soils or rock. 

AU'GER-HoLE, n. A hole made by an auger. 

AU-GET', n. A tube filled with powder, and extending from 
the chamber of a mine to the extremity of the gallery, 
used in exploding mines. 

AUGHT (awt), n. [Sax. awiht, aht, or owiht, ohwit, oht.) 

1. Any thing, indefinitely. 2. Any part, the smallest ; a jot 
or tittle. 

AU'GlTE, n. [Gr. avyn.] A' mineral, occurring in oblique 
prismatic forms, usuahy with some shade of green, though 
at times of a white or black color. It consists of silica and 
magnesia, united either to lime, oxyd of iron, or oxyd of 
manganese. — Dana. 

AU-GITIC, a. Pertaining to augite ; resembling augite , 
composed of augite. 

AUG-MENT, v. t. [Fr. augmenter.] 1. To make larger in 
size or extent; to make bigger. 2. Figuratively, to in- 
crease or swell the degree, amount, or magnitude ; as, to 
augment our troubles by resistance. — Syn. To increase . 
enlarge ; swell ; add to ; multiply. 

AUG-MENT, v. i. To increase ; to grow larger. 

AUG'MENT, n. , 1. Increase ; enlargement by addition , 
state of increase. — 2. In philology, a syllable prefixed to a 
word ; or an increase of the quantity of the initial vowel. 
— 3. In medicine, the increase of a disease, or the period 
from the attack to its height. 

AUG-MENTA-BLE, a. That may be increased ; capable of 
augmentation. — Walsh's Amer. Rev. 

AUG-MENT-A'TION, n. 1. The act of increasing, or mak- 
ing larger. 2. The state of being increased or enlarged. 

3. The thing added by which a thing is enlarged. — 4. In 
music, a doubling the value of the notes of the subject of a 
fugue or canon. — Syn. Increase ; enlargement ; accession ; 
addition. 

AUG-MENT'A-TlVE, a. Having the quality or power of 
augmenting. 

AUG-MENT'ER, n. He who augments. 

AUG-MENT'ING, ppr. Increasing ; enlarging. 

AUGR.E. See Auger. 

AU'GR-E-HoLE, n. A hole made by an auger. — Shak. 

AU'GUR, n. [L. augur.] 1. Among the Romans, an officer 
whose duty was to foretell future events by observing va- 
rious actions of birds, and also by other signs or omens 

2. One who pretends to foretell future events by omens. 
AU'GUR, v. i. To guess ; to conjecture by signs or omens 

to prognosticate. 
AU'GUR, v. t. To foretell; as, to augur ill success. — Syn 
To predict ; forebode ; betoken ; portend : presage. 



- See Synopsis. A, E, I &c . long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



AUR 



73 



AUS 



Al/'GU-RAL, c. [L. auguralis.] Pertaining to an augur, or 
augury ._ 

AU'GU-RaTE, v. i. To judge by augury ; to preiict.— War- 
bu-rwn. [Little used.] 

AU-GU-Ra/TION, n. The practice of augury, or the fore- 

" telling of events by observing the actions of birds and 
other omens. 

AU'GUR-ED (au'gurd), pp. Conjectured by omens ; prog- 
nosticated. 

AU'GUR-ER, n. An aagar.—Skak. [Not legitimate.] 

AU-Gu'RI-AL, a. Relating to augurs or augury. — Brown. 

AU'GUR-ING, ppr. or a. Prognosticating; prescient; as, au- 
guring hope. — Shak. 

t AU'GUR-lZE, v. t. To augur. 

AU'GU-ROUS, a. Predicting ; foretelling ; foreboding. 

AUGUR-SHIP, n. The office, or period of office of an augur. 

AU'GU-RY, n. [L. augurium.] 1. The art or practice of 
foretelling events by the night or chattering of birds. 
• 2. An omen ; prediction ; prognostication. 

AU-GUST, a. [L. augustus.] impressing awe ; inspiring 
reverence. — Syn. Grand ; magnificent ; majestic ; solemn ; 
awful. 

AU'GUST, n. The eighth month of the year, named in hon- 
or of the Emperor Octavius Augustus. 

AU-GUST'AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Augustus ; as, the A ugust- 
an age. 2. The Augustan confession, drawn up at Au- 
gusta Vindelicorum, or Augsburg, by Luther and Melanc- 
thon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants. — 
The Augustan age of any national literature, is the period 
of its highest purity and refinement The Augustan His- 
tory (Historia Augusta), a series containing the lives of the 
Roman emperors, from Adrian to Carinus inclusive, a pe- 
riod of 173 years. 

AU-GUST-IN'I-ANS, n. pi. The followers of St. Augustin in 
respect to original sin, election, irresistible grace, &c. 

AU-GUSTTNS, I n. pi. An order of monks, so called 

AU-GUST-IN'I-ANS, ) from St. Augustin. 

AU-GUST'NESS, n. Dignity of mien ; grandeur ; magnifi- 



AUK, n. [contracted from alca.] The name of various spe- 

" cies of aquatic birds, of the genus alca ; as, the great auk, 
or northern penguin ; the little auk, or diver ; the Lab- 
rador auk, or puffin. 

A UK WARD. See Awkward. 

A^U-La'RI-AN, n. [L. aula.] At Oxford, the member of a 
' hall, distinguished from a collegian. — Chalmers. 

t AULD, a. [Sax. aid.] 0\A.—Shak. 

AU-LETTG. a. [Gr. av\nTtKoi.] Pertaining to pipes, or to a 
pipe. [Little used.] 

AU'LIG, a. [L. aulicus.] Pertaining to a royal cotirt. The 

" Aulic Council of the "former German empire was the su- 
preme court of the emperor. The term Aulic Council is 
now applied to a council of the war department in the 
Austrian empire. 

AULN, n. [Fv.aulne.] A French measure of length; an ell. 

t AU-Ma.IL', v. t. [Fr. email.] To figure or variegate. 

AUM'BRY. See Ambry. 

AUME, n. A Dutch measure for Rhenish wine. 

AUNE (own), n. [Fr. a contraction of aulne; L. ulna.] 
A French cloth measure. 

A.UNT (ant), n. [L. amita ; qu. Fr. tante.] The sister of one's 
father or mother, correlative to nephew or niece. 

\ AUN'TER, n. Old word for adventure. 

AU'RA, n. [L.] Literally, a breeze, or gentle current of air, 
but technically used to denote any subtile, invisible fluid 
supposed to flow from a body ; as, the electric aura. 

AU'RATE, n A sort of pear. 

AU'RATE, n. [L. aurum.] A combination of auric acid with 
a base. 

AU'Ra-TED, a. 1. Resembling gold. 2. Combined with 
auric acid. 

\ AU'RE-AT E, a. [L. auratus.] Golden ; gilded.— Shelton. 

AU-Re'LI-A, n. In natural history, the nymph or chrysalis 
of an insect ; a term applied to insects in their second 
stage of transformation, when inclosed in a hardish case, 
which reflects a brilliant color. 

AU-Re'LI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to the aurelia. 

AU-RE'LI-AN, n. An amateur collector or breeder of in- 
sects, especially of the Lepidoptera. 

AU-Re'O-LA, n. [L. aurum.] A circle of rays with which 
painters surround the head of Christ and the saints. 

AtJ'RI-G, a. [from aurum.] Pertaining to gold. The auric 
acid is a combination of gold and oxygen, in which the 
oxygen is in the greatest proportion to the gold. 
4U'RI-€LE, n. [L. auricula.] 1. The external ear, or that 
part which is prominent from the head. 2. The auricles 
of the heart are two muscular sacs, situated at its base, 
and exterior to the ventricles ; so called from their resem- 
blance to the auricle, or external ear of some animals. 
AU'RI-CL£D (aw're-kld), a. Having appendages like ears. 
AU-R1CU-LA, n. A species of primrose, called, from the 

shape of its leaves, bear's ear. 
AU-RICU-LAR, a. [L. auricula.] 1. Pertaining to the ear, 



or to the sense of hearing. 2. Secret ; told in the ear. 3. 
Recognized by the ear ; known by the sense of hearing. 
4. Traditional ; known by report. 5. Pertaining to the 
auricles of the heart. Auricular feathers, in birds, the cir- 
cle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear. 
AU-RICU-LAR-LY, adv. In a secret manner ; by way of 

whisper, or voice addressed to the ear. 
AU-RI€'U-LATE, a. Having appendages shaped like the 

ear. — Botany. 
AU-RIG'U-LI-TED, a. Having appendages like the ear. 
AU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. aurifer.] That yields or produces 

gold. 
AU'RI-FORM, a. [L. auris, the ear, and/or7«<z.] Ear-shaped , 

having the form of the human ear. 
AU-Rl'GA, n. [L. aurea, orea, and rego.] 1. Literally, the 
director of a car or wagon. — In astronomy, the Wagoner, 
a constellation in the northern hemisphere. 2. The fourth 
lobe of the liver ; also, a bandage for the sides. 
AU-RI-Gl'TION, n. [L. auriga.] The act or practice of 

driving horses harnessed to carnages. 
AU-RIG'RA-PHY, n. The art of writing with liquid gold 

instead of ink. » 

AU-RI-PIG-MENTUM. See Orpiment. 
AU-RI-S€ALP'I-UM, n. [L. auris and scalpo.] An instrument 

to clean the ears. 
AU'RIST, n. [L. auris.] One skilled in disorders of the 

ear, or who professes to cure them. 
AU'RI-TED, a: [L. auritus.] Eared; having lobes or ap- 
pendages like the ear ; a term used in botany and zoology. 
AU'ROCHS, n. [G. urochs, the urus, and ox.] The urus or 
bison of Poland ; considered by some as the common ox 
in a wild state, but by Cuvier as a distinct species. Bones, 
analogous to those of the aurochs, but much larger, have 
been "found fossil in the northern parts of both conti- 
nents. 
AU-Ro'RA, n. [L. aurora.] 1. The rising light of the morn- 
ing ; the dawn of day, or morning twilight. 2. The god- 
dess of the morning, or twilight deified by fancy. 3. A 
species of crowfoot. 
Auro'ra borea'lis, or lu'men borea'le; popularly called northern 
lights. This species of light usually appeai-s in streams, 
ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line a few de- 
grees above the horizon. Auro'ra austra'lis, a correspond- 
ing phenomenon in the southern hemisphere ; streams ol 
light ascending in the same maimer from the southern hor- 
izon. 
AU-Ro'RAL, a. Belonging to the aurora, or to the northern 

lights ; resembling the twilight. — E. Goodrich. 
AU'RUM, n. Gold. 
Au'rum ful'mhians. fulminating gold, is gold dissolved in 

nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by ammonia. 

AUS-€UL-TaTION, n. 1. The act of listening or hearken 

ing to. — 2. In medicine, a method of distinguishing diseases, 

particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds in the 

part, generally by means of a tube applied to the surface. 

AUS-CULTA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to hearing or listening. 

AU'SPI-€aTE, v. t. [L. auspicor.] 1. To give a favorable 

turn to in commencing. — Burke. 2. To foreshow. 
AU'SPlCE, n. }[h.auspicium.] 1. The omens of an un- 

AU'SPI-CES, n. pi. > dertaking, drawn from birds ; augury. 
2. Protection ; favor shown ; patronage ; influence. In this 
sense the word is generally plural, auspices. 
t AU-SPI"CIAL, a. Relating to prognostics. 
AU-SPl"CIOUS, a. I. Having omens of success, or favora- 
ble appearances ; applied to both persons and things. — Syn. 
Favorable ; fortunate ; propitious ; kind ; favoring ; pros- 
perous. 
AU-SPl"CIOUS-LY, adv. With favorable omens ; happily ; 

prosperously ; favorably ; propitiously. 
AU-SFl"CIOUS-NES3. n. A state of fair promise ; prosperity. 
AUS'TER, n. [L.] The south wind.— Pope. 
AU-STeRF/, a. [L. austerus.] 1. Rough and astringent to 
the taste, applied to things; as. austere berries. 2. Rough 
and forbidding in manner or life, applied to persons; as, 
austere deportment. — Syn. Harsh ; sour ; rough ; rigid ; 
stern ; severe ; rigorous. 
AU-STeRE'LY, adv. Severely ; rigidly ; harshly. 
AU-STeRETNTESS, n. 1. Severity in manners ; harshness , 

austerity. 2. Roughness in taste. 
AU-STER'T-TY, n. [L. austeritas.] Severity of manners or 
" life ; rigor ; strictness ; harsh discipline. 
AUSTRAL, a. [L. australis.] Southern ; lying or being to 
" the south. Austral signs, the last six signs of the zodiac, 

or those lying south of the equator. 
AUS-TRAL-I'SIA, n. [austral and Asia.] A name given to 
the countries situated to the southeast of Asia, compre- 
hending New Holland, New Guinea, New Zealand, &c. 
AUS-TRAL-A'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Australasia. 
AUS-TRa'LI-A, n. A term applied to all the oceanic re- 
" gions between Asia and America, especially to New Hol- 
land, which is sometimes called the continent of Australia 
AUS-TRa'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Australia. 
AUS-TR A'LI-AN, n. A native of Australia. 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. , t Obsolete. 



AUT 



74 



AUX 



l AUSTRAL-lZE. v. i. [L. auster.] To tend southward. 

AUS'TRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Austria. 

AUS'TRI-AN, n. A native of Austria. 

AUSTRINE, a. [L. austrinus.] South ; southerly ; southern. 

&US-TRO-E-GYPTIAN, n. 1. A southern Egyptian, sup- 
posed to have originated in Ethiopia. 2. a. Pertaining to 
the southern Egyptians. 

AUS'TRO-MAN-CY, n. [from auster, and Gr. fxavreta.] 
Soothsaying, or prediction of future events, from observa- 
tion of the winds. 

f AU'TAR-GHY, n. [Gr. avrapKeia.] Self-sufficiency.— Coles. 

AU'TER DROIT (6'ter drwa). [Law French.] Another's 
right. Thus, a person may sue or be sued in another's 
right, as an executor, &c. — Bouvier. 

AU'TER-FOITS (6'ter-fwa). A word composed of the 
French autre, another, and foits, fois, time. It signifies 
formerly; as, auterfoits acquit, auterfoits attaint, auterfoits 
convict, formerly acquitted, attainted, or convicted, which 
being specially pleaded, is a bar to a second prosecution 
for the same oft'ense. — Blachstone. 

AU'TER Vi'E (6'ter vee). [Law French.] Another's life. 

AU-THENT1G, la. [Fr. puthentique.] 1. Having a gen- 

&U-THEN'TIG-AL, 3 uine original or authority, in opposi- 
tion to that which is false, fictitious, or counterfeit ; being 
what it purports to be ; genuine ; true. 2. Of approved 
authority for truth and correctness ; as, authentic history. 
— 3. In law, vested with all due formalities, and legally at- 
tested. — 1 In music, having an intermediate relation to the 
key-note or tonic, in distinction from plagal. 

AU-THEN'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In an authentic manner ; with 
the requisite or genuine authority. 

AU-THENTIG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being authen- 
tic; authenticity. 

AU-THENTIG-ITE, v. t. 1. To render authentic ; to give 
authority to, by the proof. 2. To determine as genuine ; 
as, to authenticate a picture. — Walpole. 

AU-THEN'TI€-A-TED, pp. Rendered authentic ; having re- 
ceived the forms which prove genuineness. 

AU-THEN'TIG-A-TING, ppr. Giving authority by the nec- 
essary signature, seal, attestation, or other forms. 

AU-THEN-TIG-A'TION, n. The act of authenticating ; the 
giving of authority by the necessary formalities ; confirm- 
ation. 

AU-THEN-TIC'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being authentic ; 
of established authority for truth and correctness. 2. 
Genuineness ; the quality of being of genuine original. 
[In later writers, especially those on the evidences of 
Christianity, this term is confined to the first of the above 
meanings, and distinguished from genuineness.] 

AU-THEN'TI€-LY, adv. After an authentic manner. 

AU-THEN'TIG-NESS, n. Authenticity. [Rarely used.] 

4UTHOR, n. [L. auctor ; Fr. auieur ; Sp. autor ; It. awtore.] 
1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being. 2. 
The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing ; hence, 
the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately applied 
to one who composes or writes a book, or original work. 

t A U'THOR, v. t. To occasion ; to effect. 

AU'THOR-ESS, n. A female author. 

AU THo'RI- AL, a. Pertaining to an author. — Ed. Rev. 

4U-THOR'I TA-TlVE, a. 1. Having due authority. 2. 
Having an air of authority ; positive ; peremptory. 

AU-THOR'I-TA-TiVE-LY, adv. In an authoritative man- 
ner ; with due authority. 

AU-THOR'I-TA-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being au- 
thoritative ; an acting by authority. 

AU-THOR'I-TY, n. [L. auctoritas.] 1. Legal power, or a 

" right to command or to act; power; rule ; sway. 2. The 
power derived from opinion, respect, or esteem ; influ- 
ence of character or office; credit. 3. Testimony; wit- 
ness ; or the person who testifies. 4. Weight of testimony ; 
credibility. 5. Weight of character; respectability ; dig- 
nity. 6. Warrant ; order ; permission. 7. Precedents ; 
decisions of a court ; official declarations ; respectable opin- 
ions and sayings ; also the books that contain them. 8. 
Government ; the persons or the body exercising powor 
or command. — Syn. Power; sway; rule; force; ascend- 
ency; control; influence. 

AU-THOR-I-Za'TION, n. The act of giving authority, or 
legal power ; establishment by authority. 

AUTHOR-lZE, v. t. [Fr. autoriser.] 1. To give authority, 
warrant, or legal power to ; to give a right to act ; to em- 
power. 2. To give authority, credit, or reputation to. 3. 
To justify ; to support as right. 

AUTHOR-lZ ED, pp. or a. Warranted by right ; supported 
by authority ; derived from legal or proper authority ; 
having power or authority. 

AUTHOR-lZ-lNG, ppr. Giving authority, or legal power, 
credit, or permission. 

AU'THOR-LESS, a. Without author or authority, 

AUTHOR-SHIP, n. The quality or state of being an author. 
— Shaftesbury. 

AU-TO-BI-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to, or containing 
autobiography. 



AU-TO-BI-0-GRAPH'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the way or man 
ner of autobiography. 

AU-TO-BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avroS, and biography 1 Biog- 
raphy or memoirs of one's life written by one's self.— Walsli. 

AU-TOGHTHON, n. [Gr.] 1. Literally, one who springs 
from the soil he inhabits ; hence, an aboriginal or native. 
This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks, especially 
the Athenians. 2. That which is original to a particu'ai 
country, or which had there its first origin. 

AU-TOGH-THON'I€, ) T ,. 

AUTOCHTHONOUS, \ a - Indigenous. 

AU-TOG'RA-CY, n. [Gr. avros and KparoS-] 1. Independent 
power; supreme, uncontrolled authority. 2. Sole right 
of self-government in a state. 

AUTO-GRAT, ) n. An absolute prince or sovereign ; a 

AU-TOG'RA-TOR, j title assumed by the emperors of 
Russia. 

AUTO-GRAT'IG, \a. Pertaining to autocracy; abso- 

AUTO-CRAT'IC-AL, 5 lute. 

AU-TO-GRAT-OR'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to an autocrator, 
supreme; absolute. 

AU-TO€'RA-TRIX, n. A female absolute sovereign. 

AU-TO DA FE (aw-to da fa'). [Port, act of faith.] l/ln the 
Roman Catholic Church, a solemn day held by the Inquisi- 
tion, for the punishment of heretics. [Span. Auto de fe.] 
2. A sentence given by the Inquisition, and read to a crim- 
inal, or heretic. 3. The session of the court of Inquisition 

t AU-TO-GE'NE-AL, a. [Gr. avroyevnS.] Self-begotten. 

AU-TOG'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. avros and yevvau.] Generating 
itself. 

AUTO-GRAPH, In. [Gr. avros and ypafprj-] A person's 

AU-TOG'RA-PHY, 3 own hand-writing ; an original manu- 
script. 

AU-1 OG'RA-PHAL, a. Of the particular hand- writing of a 
person. 

AUTO-GRAPH'IG, \a. 1. Pertaining to an autograph, 

AUTO-GRAPH'IG-AL, j or one's own hand-writing. 2. 
Pertaining to, or used in autography, which see. 

AU-TOG'RA-PHY, n. A process in lithography, by which a 
writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone. 

f AU-TOM'A-TAL, a. Automatical ; automatous. 

AUTO-MATH, n. [Gr. avroS and uavOavw.] One who is 
self-taught. — Young. 

AU-TO-MAT'IG, la. 1. Belonging to an automaton; 

AU-TO-MATTC-AL, > having the power of moving itself; 
mechanical ; applied to machinery. 2. Not voluntary ; 
not depending on the will ; applied to animal motions. 3. 
The term automatic is now applied to machinery which, 
though moved by a force from without itself, has the 
power of regulating its own movements ; and automatic 
arts are arts carried on by such machinery. 

AU-TOM'A-TON, n. ; pi. Automata. [Gr. avrouaros.) A 
self-moving machine, or one which moves by invisible 
machinery. 

AU-TOM'A-TOUS, a. Having in itself the power of motion. 

AU-TOM'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. avToixo\oS-] A mineral occurring 
in small, dark-green octahedrons, and allied to spinel, but 
containing about thirty per cent, of oxyd of zinc, in com- 
bination with alumina and oxyd of iron. 

AU-TO-NOM'A-SY, n. [Gr. avros and ovoua.] In rhetoric, a 
word of common or general signification, used for the 
name c'i a particular thing ; as, the man has gone to the 
city, instead of New York. 

AU-TO-No'MI-AN, a. Pertaining to autonomy. 

AU-TON'O-MOUS, a. Independent in government ; having 
the right of self-government. — Mitford. 

AU-TON'O-MY, n. [Or. avros and vofxoS-] The power 01 
right of self-government. 

AUTO-PIST-Y, n. [Gr.] Worthiness of belief in itself con 
sidered. 

AUTOP'SIG-AL. See Autoptical. 

AU'TOP-SY, n. [Gr. avroxpia.] Personal observation or ex- 
amination ; ocular view. [Autopsy and its derivatives are 
rarely used, except by physicians.] 

AU-TOPTIG-AL, a. Seen with one's own eyes. 

AUTOPTIG-AL-LY, adv. By means of ocular view, or 
one's own observation. — Brown. > 

t AU-TO-S€HED-I-AS'TI€-AL, a. Hasty ; slight.— Martin. 

AU'TUMN (aw'tum), n. [L. autumnus.] The third season 
of the year, or the season between summer and winter 
Astronomically, it begins at the equinox, when the sun en- 
ters libra, and ends at the winter solstice ; but, in popular 
language, autumn comprises September, October, and No- 
vember. 

AU-TUM'NAL, a. Belonging or peculiar to autumn ; as, an 
autumnal tint ; produced or gathered in autumn ; as, aitr 
tumnal fruits ; flowering in autumn ; as, autumnal plants 

AU-TUM'NAL, n. A plant that flowers in autumn. 

f AU-TUM'NI-TY, n. The season of autumn.— Hall. 

AUX-E'SIS, n. [Gr. av\naiS.] Literally, an increasing. — In 
rhetoric, a figure by which any thing is magnified too 
much. 

AUX-ETTG, a. Amplifying ; increasing. — Hatch. 






He" Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— a, e. I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE. BQQK 



AVE 



75 



AVE 



AUX-IL1AR (awg-zil'yar), )a. [L. auxiliaris.) Helping; aid- 

AUX-IL'IA-RY, > ing; assisting; subsidiary. 

AUX-IL'IA-RIES (awg-zil'ya-riz), n. pi. Foreign troops in 
the service of nations at war. 

AUX-IL'IA-RY, n. 1. A helper; an assistant; a confederate. 

" — 2. In grammar, a verb which helps to form the modes 
and tenses of other verbs ; as, have, be, may, can, do, must, 
shall, and will. 

f AUX-IL-II'TION, n. Help.— Diet. 

\ AUX-IL'IA-TO-RY, a. Assisting.— Sir E. Sandys. 

A-VaIL', v. t. [Fr. valoir.] 1. To profit one's self; to turn 
to advantage , followed by the pronouns myself, thyself, 
himself, &c. 2. To assist or profit ; to aid in effecting a 
design, or bringing it to a successful issue. 

A-VIIL', v. i. To he of use, or advantage ; to answer the 
purpose. 

A-VIIL', n. Profit ; advantage toward success. — Syn. Use ; 
benefit; utility; profit; service. 

A-VaIL-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Availableness. 

A-VaIL'A-BLE, a. 1. Profitable ; advantageous ; having effi- 
cacy. 2. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy for 
the .object; valid. 

A-VaIL'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Power or efficacy in promoting 
an end in view, 2. Competent power; legal force; validity. 

A-VIIL'A-BLY, adv. Powerfully ; profitably ; advantage- 
ously ; validly; efficaciously. 

A-VIILTNG, ppr. Turning to profit ; using to advantage or 
effect; profiting; assisting. 

A-VaIL'MENT, n. Profit ; efficacy ; successful issue. [Lit- 
tle tised.] 

A-VIILS', n. pi. Profits or proceeds. It is used in New 
England for the proceeds of goods sold, or for rents, is- 
sues, or profits. 

AV-A-LANCHE', > n. [Fr.] A snow-slip ; a large body of 

AV-A-LAN6E', 5 snow or ice sliding down a mountain. 
The term is also applied to similar masses of earth or 
rock ; and figuratively to any sudden or violent act or im- 
pulse of human masses. 

, A-VaLE', v. t. [Fr. avaler.] 1. To let down ; to cause to 
descend. — Spenser. 2. To depress, or to make abject. 
Wotton. * 

t A-VaLE', v. i. To fall as rain, or the tide ; to descend ; to 
dismount. 

\ A-VaNT', n. The front of an army. See Van. 

A-VaNT'-€6UR'iER' (a-vang'-koo'reer), n. [Fr.] A run- 
ner ; one who is dispatched before another person or 
company to notify their approach. 

* A-Va NT-GUaRD, n. The van or advanced body of an army. 
AV'A-RlCE, n. [L. avaritia.] An inordinate desire of gain- 
ing and possessing wealth ; covetousness ; cupidity. — Shak. 

AV-A-Rl"ClO\JS, a. Covetous ; greedy of gain. 

AV-A-Rl"CIOUS-LY, adv. Covetously; with inordinate de- 
sire of gaining wealth. — Goldsmith. 

AV-A-Rf'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being avaricious ; 
insatiable passion for property. 

\ AV'A-ROUS, a. Covetous.— Gower. 

A-VaST', excl. [Ger. basta.] Iu seamen's language, cease ; 
stop ; stay. 

AV-A-TaR', or A-VI'TAR, n. The incarnation of the Deity, 
in the Hindoo mythology. 

\ A-VaUNCE'MENT. n. Advancement.— Bale. 

A-VAUNT, excl. [W. ibant.] Begone ; depart ; a word of 
contempt or abhorrence. 

f A-VAUNT, v. t. [It. avantare.] To boast— Abp. Cranmer. 

* A-VAUNT', v. i. To come before ; to advance. — Spenser. 
f A-VAUNT, 
\ A-VAUNT 
f_A-VAUN 

A'VE, n. An Ave Mary. 
I'VE, n. [L. ave.] An address to the Virgin Mary ; an ab- 
breviation of the Ave Maria, or Ave Mary. 

f_A-VEL' z v. t. [L. avello.] To pull away. — Brown. 

I'VE MaHY, n. [from the first words of the Roman Catho- 
lic prayer to the Virgin Mary ; L. ave Maria, hail, Mary.] 
1. A form of devotion in the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 
The time of day at which the Ave Alary is to be repeated ; 
viz.. at early dawn, and a little after sunset. 

AV-E-Na'CEOUS (av-e-na'shus), a. [L. avenaceus.] Belong- 
ing to, or partaking of the nature of oats. 

AVE-NA6E, n. [Fr.] A certain quantity of oats paid by a 
tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent or other duty. 

AV'EN-ER, )n. [Norm. Fr.] In English feudal law, an offi- 

AV'EN-OR, > cer of the king's stable, whose duty was to 
provide oats. 

A-VEN6E' (a-venf), v. t. [Fr. venger.) 1. To take satisfac- 
tion for an injury by punishing the injuring party. 2. To 
take satisfaction for, by inflicting suffering on the guilty. 
Here the thing for which satisfaction is taken is the object 
of the verb ; as, to avenge the blood of the elect ; to avenge 
a crime ; to revenge. The words avenge and revenge were 
originally synonymous, but they are now made distinct. 
3. In the passive form, this verb signifies to have or receive 
just satisfaction, by the punishment of the offender. 



IT, ) 

ITANCE, \n. Boasting.— Chaucer. 

rr-'RY, S 



IA-VEN6E', n. Revenge. — Spenser. 
tA-VENGE'ANCE, n. Punishment. 
A-VEN6'£D (a-venjd'), pp. Satisfied by the punishment oi 

the offender ; vindicated ; punished. 
A-VEN(JE'MENT, n. Vengeance ; punishment ; the act ol 
taking satisfaction for an injury, by inflicting pain or evil 
on the offender ; revenge. 
A-VENG'ER, n. One who avenges or vindicates; a vindi 

cator ; a revenger. 
A-VENGER-ESS, n. A female avenger. — Spenser. 
A-VEN61NG, ppr. Executing vengeance ; taking satisfac 

tion for an injury ; vindicating. 
AV'ENS, n. The herb bennet— Miller. 
AVENT-A.ILE, n. The movable part of a helmet in front. 
AV'EN-TlNE, a. Pertaining to Mons Aventinus. 
A-VENTURE, n. [Fr. aventure.] A mischance causing a 

person's death without felony. 
A-VENTU-RINE, \n. A variety of translucent quartz, span- 
A-VANT'U-RINE, j gled throughout with scales of yellow 

mica. 
AV'E-NtJE, n. [Fr.] 1. A passage ; a way or opening for 
entrance into a place. 2. An alley, or walk in a garden or 
park, planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, 
wood, &c. 3. A wide street. 
A-VER', v. t. [Fr. averer.] 1. To affirm with confidence ; to 
declare in a positive manner. Prior. — 2. In law, to offer 
to verify. [See Averment.] — Syn. To declare ; assert ; 
affirm ; avouch ; protest ; asseverate. 
AVER-AGE, n. 1. A mean proportion, medial sum, or 
quantify, made out of unequal sums or quantities. — 2. In 
commerce, a contribution (called general average) to a gen- 
eral loss. When, for the safety of a ship in distress, any 
destruction of property is incurred, either by cutting away 
the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all 
persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, 
contribute to the loss according to their average, that is, 
the goods of each on board. 3. A small duty (called petty 
average) payable by the shippers of goods to the master 
of the ship, over and above the freight, for his care of tho 
goods.— 4. In England, the breaking up of cornfields, ed- 
dish, or roughings. 5. The averages, in the English corn 
trade, denote the average of prices for the several kinds 
of grain in the principal corn-markets. — Upon, or on an av- 
erage, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities. 
AVER-AGE, a. Medial; containing a mean proportion. — 

Price. — Beddoes. 
AVER-AGE, v. t. To find the mean of unequal sums or 

quantities ; to reduce to a medium. 
AVER- AGE, v. i. To form a mean or medial sum or quantity. 
AVER-AG2JD (av'er-ajd), pp. Reduced or formed into a 

mean proportion. — Jefferson. 
AV'ER-AG-ING, ppr. Forming a mean proportion out of 

unequal sums or quantities. 
A-VER'MENT, n. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion ; the 
act of averring. 2. Verification ; establishment by evi- 
dence. — 3. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify 
or prove what he alleges. 
A-VER'NAT, n. A sort of grape.— Ash. 
A-VER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, 

in Italy. 
AV'ER-PEN-NY, n. Money paid toward the king's carriages 

by land, instead of service by the beasts in kind. — Burn. 
A-VER'R£D (a-verdO, pp. Affirmed ; laid with an averment. 
A-VER'RING, ppr. Affirming; declaring positively; offer 

ing to justify or verify. 
A-VER'RO-IST, n. One of a sect of peripatetic philoso 

phers, so denominated from Averroes. 
AV-ER-RUN'€aTE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] 1. To root up ; to 

scrape or tear away by the roots. 2. To prune. 
AV-ER-RUN-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of tearing up or raking 

away by the roots. 2. The act of pruning. 
AV-ER-RUN-CI'TOR, n. An instrument for pruning trees, 
consisting of a pair of shears fixed on the end of a rod or pole. 
AV-ER-SaTION, n. [L. aversor.] A turning from with dis- 
gust or dislike ; aversion ; hatred ; disinclination. It is 
nearly superseded by aversion. 
A-VERSE' (a-vers 7 ), a. 1. Having a repugnance of mind. 5 
Unfavorably inclined ; as, Pallas, now averse, refused her 
aid. Milton uses this word in its literal sense of turned 
away ; and Dryden for turned backward ; as, " with tracks 
averse :" but these are irregular uses. This word was for- 
merly followed by from, but now by to. — Syn. Hostile ; 
disinclined ; reluctant ; unfavorable ; indisposed ; back- 
ward. 
A-VERSE'LY (a-versly), adv. With repugnance ; unwill- 
ingly. — Brown. 
A-VERSE'NESS (a-vers'ness), n. Opposition of mind ; dis- 
like ; unwillingness ; backwardness. 
A-VER'SION, n. [Fr. aversion.] 1. Repugnance of mind. 2. 
Opposition or contrariety of natune. 3. The cause of dis- 
like. — Syn. Dislike ; disinclination ; unwillingness ; indis 
position ; reluctance ; antipathy ; repugnance ; opposi- 
tion ; disgust. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl'-CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TF <vs in this. \ Obsolete 



AVO 



76 



AWE 



A-VERT', v. t. [L. averto.] 1. To turn from ; to turn off" or 
away. 2. To keep off, divert, or prevent. 3. To cause to 
dislike. — Hooker, [improper.] 

A.- VERT, v. i. To turn away. — Thomson. 

A-VERT'ED, pp. Turned from or away. 

A- VERT 'ER, n. One who turns away or averts ; that which 
turns away. 

A-VERTTNG, ppi\ Turning from ; turning away. 

a'VI-A-RY, n. [L. aviarium.] A building or inclosure for 
keeping birds confined. 

A-VII)'I-OUS, a. Eager ; greedy. 

A-VID'I-OUS-LY, adv. Eagerly ; with greediness. 

A-VID'I-TY, n. [L. aviditas.] 1. Greediness ; strong appe- 
tite. 2. Eagerness ; intenseness of desire. 

AV-I-Ga'TO. See Avocado. 

A-ViGN'ON BERRY (a-veen'yong-), n. pi. The fruit of the 
Rhamnus infectorius, used as a yellow dye or paint. The 
Turkish berry is a superior quality of the same plant. 

t A-ViLE', v. t. [Fr. avilir.] To depreciate. — Ben Jonson. 

f- A-Vi'So' \ n ' ^ r ' av ^ s -] Advice ; intelligence. 

' A-yiSE', v. i. To consider. — Spenser. 

A-ViSE'MENT, n. Advisement. See Advice and Advise. 

r AV'I-TOUS, a. [L. avitus.] Ancient. 

\ A-VlZE', v. t. To counsel ; to consider. — Spenser. 

AV-0-€a'DO, n. [Sp.] The name of a West India fruit, about 
the size of an apple, with a pulp which has the firmness 
and delicate flavor of the peach, but is more delicious. — 
Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

AV-0--6AT' (av-o-ca/), n. An advocate ; the higher class of 
French lawyers, corresponding to the English counselor 
at law, and the Scottish advocate. 

\ AV'O-CaTE, v. t. [L. avoco.] To call off, or away.— Boyle. 

AV-0-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of calling aside, or diverting 
from some employment. 2. The business which calls 
aside. The word is generally used for the smaller affairs 
of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to 
leave his ordinary or principal business. The use of this 
word for vocation is very improper. 

I- A-Vo'GA-TlVE, a. Calling off. 

A-Vo'€A-TIVE, n. That which calls aside ; dehortation ; 
dissuasion. 

AV'O-CET, n. See Avoset. 

A-VOID', v. t. [Fr. vuider, or vider.] 1. To keep at a distance 
from ; that is, literally, to go or be wide from ; as, to avoid 
danger. 2. To endeavor to shun or prevent ; as, to avoid 
exposure. 3. To evacuate; to shun by leaving; as, to 
avoid [i. e., leave void] a house ; [obs.] 4. To evade or 
escape ; as, to avoid a blow. 5. To emit or throw out ; 
[void, is now used.] — 6. In law, to make void ; to annul or 
vacate ; as, to avoid a grant. To avoid, in pleading; is to 
set aside and defeat opposing allegations, by introducing 
new matter. — Syn. To quit ; shun ; leave ; eschew ; de- 
part from ; flee; abandon; elude; evade ; escape. 

A-VOID', v. i. 1. To retire ; to withdraw, [improper.] 2. To 
become void, vacant, or empty. 

A-VOID' A-BLE, a. 1. That may be avoided, left at a distance, 
or escaped. 2. That may be vacated or annulled. 

A-VOID'ANCE, n. 1. The act of avoiding or shunning. 2. 
The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant. 
3. The act of annulling. 4. The course by which any 
thing is carried off. 

l-VOID'ED, pp. Shunned ; evaded ; made void ; ejected. 

i-VOID'ER, n. 1. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes. 2. 
The person who carries any thing away ; the vessel in 
which things are carried away. 

A-VOID'ING, ppr. Shunning; escaping; keeping at a- dis- 
tance ; ejecting ; evacuating ; making void, or vacant. 

A-VOID'LESS, a. That can not be avoided; inevitable. — 
Dryden. 

AV-OIR-DU-POIS' (av-er-du-poizO, n. or a. [Fr. avoir du 
poids.] A weight, of which a pound contains 16 ounces. Its 
proportion to a pound Troy is as 17 to 14. This is the 
weight for the larger and coarser commodities. 

i A-VoKE', v. t. [L. avoco.] To call back. — Cockeram. 

AV'O-L aTE, v. i. To fly away ; to escape ; to exhale. — Boyle. 

AV-0-LITION,?i. [L.avolo.] The act of flying away; flight; 
escape. [Little used.] 

AVO-SET, ) n. In ornithology, the popular name of dif- 

AV-O-SET'TA, 3 ferent species of aquatic birds, with long 
legs and long, slender bills turned up toward the tip. 

A-VOUCH', v. t. [Norm, voucher.] 1. To affirm; to declare 
or assert with positiveness. 2. To produce or call in ; to 
affirm in favor of, maintain, or support. 3. To maintain, 
vindicate, or justify. — Shak. 
i -VOUCH', n. Evidence; testimony; declaration. — Shak. 
[Little used.] 

A-VOUCH' A-BLE, a. That may be avouched. [Little used.] 

A- VOUCHED (a-vouchtf), pp. Affirmed; maintained; called 
in to support. 

A-VOUCH'ER, n. One who avouches. 

A-VOUCH'ING, ppr. Affirming ; calling in to maintain ; vin- 
dicating. 



A-VOUCH'MENT, n. Declaration ; the act of avouching. 
_ Shak. 

A-VoU'Ef (a-voo-a'), n. A French law term, corresponding 
to the English attorney, and applied to the lower class ol 
French lawyers. 

A- VOW, v. t. [Fr. avouer.] 1. To declare openly; to con- 
fess frankly. — 2. In law, to admit and justify in one's own 
right, as when one avows the taking in one's own right, 
and pleads that such taking was legal. — Syn. To acknowl- 
edge ; own ; confess ; recognize. 

t A- VOW, n. A vow or determination. — Gower. 

A-VOWA-BLE, a. That may be avowed, or openly ac 
knowledged with confidence. — Donne. 

A-VOW'AL, n. An open declaration; frank acknowledg- 
ment. — Hume. 

A-VOW'ANT, n. The defendant in replevin, who avovs the 
distress of the goods, and justifies the taking. — Cowel. 

A-VOW.EU (a-vowd'),#p. Openly declared ; owned; frank 
ly acknowledged. 

A-VOWED-LY, adv. In an open manner ; with frank ac- 
knowledgment. 

* A-VOW-EE', n. Sometimes used for advowee, the person 
who has a right to present to a benefice ; the patron 
Cowel. See Advowson. 

A-VOWER, n. One who avows, owns, or asserts. 

A-VOWING, ppr. Openly declaring; frankly acknowledg 
ing; justifying. 

A-VOW'RY, n. In law, the act of the distrainer of goods 
who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the tak 
ing in his own right. — Blackstone. 

t A-VOWSAL, n. A confession.— Diet. 

A-VOW'TRY. See Advowtry. 

A-VOY'ER, n. [L. advocatus.] The chief magistrate of an 
imperial town or Swiss city. [Disused.] 

A-VULS'£D (a-vulsf), a. Plucked or pulled off.—Shenstone. 

A-VUL'SION, n. [L. avulsio.] A pulling or tearing from or 
asunder ; a rending or forcible separation. 

A-WaIT', v. t. Literally, to remain, hold, or stay. 1. To 
wait for ; to look for, or expect. 2. To be in store for ; to 
attend ; to be ready for. 

A-WaIT', n. Ambush ; a state of waiting f«r. — Spenser. 

A-WaIT'ING, ppr. Waiting for ; looking for ; expecting ; 
being ready or in store for. 

A-WAKE', v. t. ; pret. awoke, awaked ; pp. awaked. [Sax. 
gewacan, wacian, or weccan.] 1. To rouse from sleep. 2. 
To excite from a state resembling sleep, as from death or 
inaction ; to put into action, or new life. 

A-WaKE', v. i. 1. To cease to sleep ; to come from a state of 
natural sleep. 2. To bestir, revive, or rouse from a state 
of inaction; to be invigorated with new life. 3. To rouse 
from spiritual sleep. 4. To rise from the dead. — Job, xiv. 

A-WaKE', a. Not .sleeping ; in a state of vigilance or action. 

A-WiON (a-wa/kn), v. t. and v. i. The same with awake. 
— Syn. To arouse ; excite ; stir up ; call forth. , 

A-WAK'i?Ni?D, pp. Roused from sleep, in a natural or mor- 
al sense. 

A-WaK'£N-ER, n. He or that which awakens. 

A-WaK'£N-ING, ppr. Rousing from sleep ; exciting ; awak- 
ing. 

A-WaK'EN-ING, n. A revival of religion, or more general 
attention to religion than usual. 

A-WaK'£N-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to awaken. 

A- WARD', v. «. [Scot, warde.] To adjudge; to give by sen 
tence or judicial determination ; to assign by sentence. 

A- WARD' v. i. To judge ; to determine ; to make an award. 

A-WARD', n. 1. A judgment, sentence, or final decision ; 
as, the awards of posterity. — 2. More particularly, the de- 
cision of arbitrators in a given case. 3. The paper con- 
taining such a decision. 

A-WARD'ED, pp. Adjudged, or given by judicial sentence, 
or by the decision of arbitrators. 

A-WARD'ER, n. One who awards, or assigns by sentence 
or judicial determination ; a judge. 

A- WARDING, ppr. Adjudging; assigning by judicial sen- 
tence ; determining. 

A-WaRE', a. [Sax. gewarian.] 1. In early usage, guarded ; 
watchful ; cautious. — 2. In modern usage, having previous 
knowledge of an event from information or probable evi- 
dence. — Syn. Informed; apprised; conscious; acquainted. 

A-WaRE', v. i. To beware ; to be cautious. — Milton. 

A- WARN', v. t. To warn, which see. — Spenser. 

A-WaY, adv. [Sax. aweg.] 1. Absent ; at a distance. 2. It 
is much used in phrases signifying moving, or going from , 
as, go away, send away, run away, &c. 3. As an exclama- 
tion, it is a command or invitation to depart ; away, that is. 
be gone, or let us go. 4. Away with has a peculiar sig aifi- 
cation in the phrase, " I can not away with it.' — Isai., i. The 
sense is, " I can not bear, or endure it." To make way with, 
is to destroy. Away with him, denotes take him away. 

t A-WAY'VVARD, adv. [Sax. aweg weard.] Away. — Gower. 

AWE (aw), n. [Dan. ave.] 1. Fear mingled with admira 
tion or reverence ; reverential fear or veneration. 2 
Fear ; dread inspired by something great or terrific. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— A, £, I, &c, short —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD .— MOVE, BOOR, 



AXI 



77 



AZO 



AWE, v. t. To strike with fear and reverence , to influence 
by fear, terror, or respect 

A-WeA'R.Y, a. Weary, which see. — Shak. 

A- WeATH'ER, adv. On the weather side, or toward the 
wind ; as, the helm is aweather ; opposed to alee. — Mar. Diet. 

AWE'BAND, n. A check.— Diet. 

4WE'-€OM-MANDTNG, a. Striking with awe. 

AWED (awd), pp. Struck with fear ; influenced by fear or 
reverence. 

A-WEIGH' (a-wa), adv. Atrip. The anchor is aweigh when 
it is just drawn out of the ground and hangs perpendicu- 
lar. 

AWE'-IN-SPrR/ING, a. Impressing with awe.— Bp. Hobart. 

AWE'-STRUGK, a. Impressed or struck with awe. 

4WFUL, a. 1. That strikes with awe; that fills with pro- 
found reverence. 2. That fills with terror and dread. 3. 
Struck with awe ; scrupulous. Shakspeare uses it for obe- 
dient, or having due awe of authority. — Syn. Solemn ; au- 
gust ; venerable ; dreadful ; fearful ; terrible. 

t AW'FUL-EYJED, a. Having eyes exciting awe. 

AW'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner to fill with awe ; in a rev- 
erential manner. 

AW'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of striking with awe, or 
with reverence ; solemnity. 2. The state of being struck 
with awe. 

t A-WHaPE' (a-whap'), v. t. [W. cwapiaw.] To strike ; to 
confound. — Spenser. 

t A-WHEELS', adv. ' On wheels.— Ben Jonson. 

A-WHlLE', adv. A 6pace of time ; for some time ; for a 
short time. 
A-WHIT, adv. A jot; a tittle.— Bp. Hall. 

AWK, , a. 1. Odd; out of order.— L' Estrange. 2. Clumsy in 
performance, or manners ; unhandy. [Vulgar.] 

AWKWARD, a. 1. Wanting dexterity in the use of the 
hands or of instruments ; unready ; not dextrous. — Dry- 
den. 2. Ungraceful in manners. 3. Unfortunate ; unfavor- 
able ; as, an awkward accident ; untoward. 4. Adverse ; 
as, an awkward wind. — Shak., [obs.] — Syn. Unhandy ; 
bungling ; inexpert ; untoward ; clumsy ; uncouth ; im- 
polite ; ungraceful ; ungenteel ; ungainly ; lubberly. 

AWKWARD-LY, adv. Clumsily; in a rude or bungling 
manner ; inelegantly ; badly. 

AWK'WARD-NESS, n. Clumsiness ; ungracefulness in 
manners; want of dexterity in the use of the hands or 
instruments. 

AWL, n. [Sax. eel ; Ger. ahl.] An iron instrument for pierc- 
ing small holes in leather. 

A VV'LESS, a. 1. Wanting reverence ;. void of respectful fear. 
2. Wanting the power of causing reverence ; not exciting 
awe. 

A WL-SHIPUD, a. Having the shape of an awl. — In botany, 
slender and tapering toward the extremity, as a leaf. 

AWL'WoRT, n. The popular name of the subularia aquat- 
ica, or rough-leaved alyssum. 

AWM, ? n. [D. aam ; G. ahm.] A Dutch liquid measure, 

AUM, 5 equal to from 37 to 41 wine gallons. 

AWN, n. [Sw. ague.) The beard of corn, or grass ; a slen- 
der, sharp process, issuing from the chaff" or glume in corn 
and grasses. 

AWN'M), a. In botany, furnished with an awn. 

AWNING, n. [Goth, hulyan.) 1. A cover of canvas, to shel- 
ter from the sun's rays, originally employed on ship-board, 
and subsequently around buildings on land. — 2. In garden- 
ing, a moveable cover or shelter for plants against heat or 
cold. 3. That part of the poop deck which is continued 
forward beyond the bulk-head of the cabin. — Mar. Diet. 

AWN'LESS, a. Without awn or beard. 

AWN'Y, a. Having awns ; full of beard. 

A -WOKE'. The preterit of awake. 

tA-WORK', adv. [Sax. getceo?ran.] At work; in or into a 
state of labor or action. — Shak. 

A-W6RKING, adv. At work ; in or into a state of working 
or- action. — Hubbard's Tale. 

A-WRY' (a-ri'), a. or adv. [Dan. vrider.) 1. Turned or twist- 
ed toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or 
position; asquint; wifh oblique vision. — 2. In a figurative 
sense, turned aside from the line of truth, or right reason ; 
perverse or perversely. — Milton. 

AX, n. [Sax. ceax, eax, cese.] An instrument, usually of iron, 
for hewing timber, and chopping wood. 

AX-A-Ya'CATL, n. A Mexican fly whose eggs are used as 
a sort of caviare. 

' 4X'-SHaP£D \ °" * n botany, having the shape of an ax. 
4X'-HeAD, n. The head of the ax. 
AX'-HELVE, n. The handle of an ax. 
AX'I-AL, a. Pertaining to an axis. — Prout. 
AX-IF'ER-OUS, a. Having simply an axia without leaves 

or appendages. 
AX'I-FORM, a. [L. axis sad forma.) In the form of an axis. 
AX'IL, )n. In botany, the angle formed on the upper 
AX-ILLA, 5 side by a branch with the stem, or by a leaf 
with the stem 'or branch. 



Lying in the axis of any thing, as the emorye 

[L.; 



AX'lLE, a. 
of a seed. 

AX-IL'LA. n. [L.] In anatomy, the arm-pit. 

AX'IL-LAR, \a. Pertaining to the arm-pit, or to the axil 

AX1L-LA-R.Y, 5 of plants. Axillary leaves are those which 
proceed from the angle formed by the stem and branch ; 
or the axilla. 

AX'IN-lTE, n. A mineral occurring in brilliant glassy crys- 
tals, with thin and sharp cdge3, something like an ax " It 
consists chiefly of silica, alumina, lime, and oxyd of iron. 

AX-IN'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. u\ivn and uavreia.] A species oi 
divination, by means of an ax or hatchet. 

AXIOM, n. [Gr. a\iwuy.-} 1. A self-evident truth, or a prop 
osition whose truth is so evident at first sight, that no proc- 
ess of reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer. 2 
An established principle in some art or science. 

AX-I-O-MATTG, \ a. Pertaining to an axiom ; having the 

AX-I-O-MATLG-AL, $ nature of self-evident truths. 

AX-I-O-MAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. By the use of axioms. 

AX'I-O-PIST-Y, n. Worthiness of being believed. 

AX'IS, n. ; pi. Ax'es. [L.] 1. The straight line, real or im- 
aginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, 
or may revolve.— 2. In geometry, a straight line in a plain 
figure, about which it revolves to produce a solid. — 3. 
In conic sections, a right fine dividing the section into two 
equal parts, and cutting all its ordinates at right angles. 
4. In mechanics, the axis of a balance is that line about 
which it turns. The axis of oscillation is a right line par- 
allel to the horizon passing through the center, about 
which a pendulum vibrates. The axis in peritrochio, or 
wheel and axis, is a mechanical power, consisting of a wheel 
concentric with a cylindrical axis, with which it revolves, 
the power being applied to the circumference of the wheel, 
and the weight to that of the axis.— 5. In optics, a partic- 
ular ray of light from any object falling perpendicularly 
on the eye; called, also, the optic or visual axis. — 6. In 
architecture, spiral axis is the axis of a twisted column spi- 
rally drawn. Axis of the Ionic capital is a hue passing per- 
pendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute. 
The axis of a vessel is an imaginary line passing through 
the middle of it, perpendicular to its base. — 7. In botany, 
axis is the central part or column of a plant, around which 
the other parts are disposed. — 8. In anatomy, axis is the 
name of the second vertebra of the neck ; it has a tooth 
which enters into the first vertebra, and this tooth is by 
some called the axis. — Encyc. 

AX'LE (ak'sl), ) n. [Sax. ax and tree.] A piece of 

AXLE-TREE (ak'sl-tre), > timber, or bar of iron, fitted for 
insertion in the hobs or naves of wheels, on which the 
wheels turn. 

AX'O-LOTL, n. A water lizard found in the Mexican lake.- 

AX-OT'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. a\u>n and teuvu).] In mineralogy, 
having a cleavage with a single face, perpendicular to the 
axis.— Shepard. 

AX'SToNE, n. A light green mineral calledj'ade, or nephrite, 
used by some savages for making axes. 

AX'UNgE, n. [L. axungia.] Hog's lard. — Vre. 

AY, ? (a'e), adv. [G. D. Dan. Sw. ja, pron. ya ; Fr. out] Yes, 

AYE, j yea, a word expressing assent, or an affirmative an- 
swer to a question. [The word is written I, in the old 
editions of Shakspeare.] 

AYE, adv. [Sax aa, a, or awa.] Always ; ever ; continually ; 
for an indefinite time ; used in poetry. For aye, forever ' 

t AY'-GREEN, n. Houseleek.— Diet. . 

aYLE, n. In law, a grand-father. 

AY ME, exclam. Used by Milton for ah me .' 

A'Y-RY. See Aerie. 

AZ'A-ROLE, n. [Fr.] A species of thorn. 

AZ'I-MUTH, n. 1. In astronomy, an arch of the horizon in- 
tercepted between the meridian of the place and. the azi- 
muth, or vertical circle, passing through the center of any 
object. — 2. Magnetical azimuth, an arch of the horizon, in- 
tercepted between the azimuth, or vertical circle, passing 
through the center of any heavenly body, and the magnet- 
ic meridian. — 3. Azimuth compass, an instrument for find- 
ing either the magnetic azimuth or amplitude of a heaven- 
ly object. — 4. Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon 
is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. — 5. Azimuths, 
or vertical circles, are great circles intersecting each other 
in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at rrght 
angles. 

AZ'I-MUTH-AL, a. Pertaining to the azimuth. 

A-Zo'I€, a. Wholly destitute of organic life. 

A-ZoTE', n. [Gr. a, and fyrj or Iwtiko;.] A species of gas, 
called azote from its destructive effects on animal life, and 
nitrogen, from its forming nitric acid when combined with 
oxygen. It exists, together with oxygen, in atmospheric 
air, and forms about 79 parts in 100 of it by volume. It 
enters into the composition of most animal substances, es- 
pecially of the animal fibre. 

\ AZ'OTH, n. 1. Among alchemists, the first principle, or the 
mercury of metals ; a universal medicine ; the liquor oi 
sublimated quicksilver ; brass. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ell as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BAB 



78 



BAC 



A-ZOTTG, a. Pertaining to azote ; formed or consisting of 
azote j as, azotic gas. 

AZ'O-TlTE, n. A name given by Thompson to a salt sup- 
posed by Davy to be formed by the combinatibn of nitrous 
oxydjwith a base, and called by him nitroxic. 

AZ'O-TiZE, v. t. To impregnate with azote or nitrogen. 

AZ'O-TlZiSD, pp. Impregnated with azote. 

AZ'O-TlZ-ING, ppr. Impregnating with azote. 
•AZ'URE (azh'ur or a'zhur), a. [Fr. azur ; Sp. azul, or azur ; 
It. azzurro.] Of a sky-blue ; resembling the clear blue 
color of the sky. 
*AZ'URE (azh'ur or a'zhur), n. 1. The fine blue color of 
the sky. 2. The sky, or azure vault of heaven. — 3. In her- 
aldry, a blue color in coats of all persons under the degree 
of baron. — Jones. 

AZ'URE (azh'ur or a'zhur), v. t. To color blue. 

AZ'UR£D (azh'urd or a'zhurd), a. Colored azure ; being of 
an azure color. — Sidney. 

AZ'URE-SToNE, n. Lapis-lazuli ; also, lazulite. 

AZ URE-TINT-ED, a. Having a tint of azure color. 

AZ'UR-lTE, n. Lazulite ; also, blue malachite. 

AZ'URN (azh'urn),a. Of a blue color.— Milton. [Littleused.] 

AZ'Y-GOS, a. [Gr. a^vyov.] In anatomy, not one of a pair. 

fAZ'YME, n. Unleavened bread. 

AZ'Y-MlTE, n. In Church history, a term applied to Christ- 
ians who administer the eucharist with unleavened bread. 

AZY-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and ^vpn.] Unleavened; unferment- 
ed; as sea-biscuit. 



B. 



Bis the second letter, and the first articulation, or conso- 
nant, in the English, as in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and 
most other alphabets. It is a mute and a labial, being form- 
ed by pressing the whole length of the lips together, as in 
pronouncing eb. The Modern Greek B is always pro- 
nounced like the English V, and the Russian B corre- 
sponds with the Greek. 

BAA (ba), n. The cry or appropriate bleating of sheep. 

BSA, v. i. To cry or bleat as sheep. 

Ba'AL, n. An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syri- 
ans, representing the sun. 

BAB'BLE, v. i. [D. babbelen.] 1. To utter words imperfectly 
or indistinctly, as children. 2. To talk idly or irrational- 
ly ; to talk thoughtlessly. 3. To talk much ; hence, to tell 
secrets. — Shak. 4. To utter sounds frequently, incessant- 
ly, or indistinctly. — Syn. To prate ; prattle ; chatter. 

P AB'BLE, v. t. To prate ; to utter. 

BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; senseless prattle. — Shah. 

BAB'BLE-MENT, n. Idle talk ; senseless prate ; unmean- 
ing words. — Milton. 

BAB'BLER, n. An idle talker ; an irrational prattler ; a tell- 
er of secrets. 

BAB'BLING, ppr. or a. 1. Talking idly ; telling secrets. 2. 
Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds. — 3. In hunt- 
ing, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they 
have found a good scent. 

BAB'BLING, n. Foolish talk. — Syn. Loquacity ; talkative- 
ness. 

BaBE, n. [Ger. bube ; It. baban.] An infant; a young child 
of either sex. 

Ba'BEL, n. [Heb.] Confusion; disorder. 

BaB'ER-Y, n. Finery to please a child. — Sidney. 

BaB'ISH, a. Like a babe ; childish. — Ascham. 

BIB'ISH-LY, adv. Childishly. 

BaB'ISH-NESS, n. ChUdishness. 

BAB'LAH, n. The shell or rind of the fruit of the Mimosa 
cineraria. It contains gallic acid and tannin, and is used 
in dyeing drab. 

BAB-OON', n. [Fr. babouin.] A name applied to several of 
_the larger species of monkeys, having short tails. 

Ba'BY, a. Like a young child ; pertaining to an infant. 

Ba'BY, n. 1. An infant or young child of either sex ; a babe ; 
[used in familiar language.] 2. A small image in form of 
_an infant, for girls to play with ; a doll. 

Ba'BY, v. t. To treat like a young child. — Young. 

BA'BY-HOOD, n. The state of being a baby. — Ash. 

Ba'BY-HOUSE, n. A place for children's dolls and babies. 

Ba'B Y-ISH, a. Like a baby ; childish.— Bale. 

Ba'BY-ISM, n. The state of being babyish. 

BAB-Y-Lo'NI-AN, la. 1. Pertaining to Babylon. 2. Like the 

BAB-Y-Lo'NISH, } language of Babel ; mixed ; confused. 

BAB-Y-Lo'NI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Babylonia. — In an- 
cient vyriters, an astrologer. 

BABYLON'IC, \a. 1. Pertaining to Babylon, or made 

BAB-Y-LON'I€-AL, 5 there. 2. Tumultuous ; disorderly. 

BAB-Y-LON'ICS, n. The title of a fragment of the history 
of the world, by Berosus, a priest of Babylon. 

B A3-Y-RoUS'SA, n. In zoology, the Indian hog, a native of 
Jelebes and of Buero. 

\ Ba'BY-SHIP, n. Infancy ; childhood. 



BAC, ) n. [D. bah, a bowl or cistern.] 1. In navigation, a 

BACK, 5 ferry-boat or praam. 2. A large tub or vessel 
used for holding liquors, &c, in brewing and distilling. 

BAC'CA, n. [L.] In botany, a berry. 

B AC-CA-L AU'RE-ATE, n. The degree of bachelor of arts 

BACCATE, a. In botany, consisting of a berry; becoming 
succulent and inclosing the seed, like a berry. 

BACCa-TED, a. [L. baccatus.] Set or adorned with pearls ; 
having many berries. 

BAC'CHA-NAL, In. [from Bacchus, Gr. Bax%oj.] One 

BAC-CHA-Na/LI-AN, 3 who indulges in drunken revels ; a 
drunkard. 

BAC'CHA-NAL, la. Reveling in intemperate drink- 

BAC-CHA-N I'LI-AN, > ing ; riotous ; noisy. 

BAC-CHA-Nl'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to reveling and drunk- 
enness. 

BAC-€HA-Na'LI-AN-LY, adv. In the manner of bacchanals. 

BAC'CHA-NALS, i n. pi. Drunken feasts ; the revels of 

BAC-CHA-NI'LI-A, J bacchanalians. — In antiquity, feasts 
in honor of Bacchus. 

BACCHANTE \ n ' ^ ma< * P" est or priestess of Bacchus. 

BACCHIC, a. 1. Jovial ; drunken ; mad with intoxication. 
2. Relating to Bacchus, the god of wine. 

BAC-CHl'US, n. In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a 
short syllable and two long ones ; as. avari. 

BACCHUS, n. The god of wine, and son of Jupiter by 
Semele, daughter of Cadmus. 

BAC-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. baccifer.] That produces berries 

BAC-CIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. bacca and voro.] Eating or sub- 
sisting on berries. 

BACH'E-LQR, n. [Fr. bachelier ; Sp. bachiller.] 1. A young 
man who has not been married. 2. A man somewhat ad- 
vanced in years who has not been married ; often with 
the word old. 3. A person who has taken the first degree 
in the liberal arts and sciences. 4. A knight of the lowest 
order, or, more correctly, a young knight, styled a kniglu 
bachelor. 

BACH'E-LOR'S-BUT'TONS, n. A plant with a double 
flower ; a kind of ranunculus. 

BACH'E-LOR-SHIP, n, 1. The state of being a bachelor. 

2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a 
college or university. 

BACK, n. [Sax. bac, bac] 1. The upper part of an animal, 
particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge. — In 
human beings, the hinder part of the body. 2. The out- 
ward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, 
concave part, or palm. 3. As the back of man is the part 
on the side opposite lo the face, hence, the part opposed 
to the front : as, the bach of a book. 4. The part opposite 
to or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or 
actor. 5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, 
and as the back is behind in motion, hence, the thick and 
strong part of a cutting tool ; as, the back of a knife. 6. 
The place behind or nearest the back ; as, the back of a 
city. 7. The outer part of the whole body, a part of the 
whole ; as, he has not clothes for his back.—S. To turn the 
back on one, is to treat with contempt or forsake him. 9. 
To turn the back to one, to acknowledge to be superior. 
10. To turn the back, is to depart, or to leave the care or 
cognizance of; to remove, or be absent 11. Behind the 
back, is in secret, or when one is absent. 12. To cast be- 
hind the back, in Scripture, is to forget and forgive, or to 
treat with contempt. 13. To plow the back, is to oppress 
and persecute. 14. To bow the back, is to submit to op- 
pression. 

BACK, adv. 1. To the place from which one came. 2. In 
a figurative sense, to a former state, condition, or station. 

3. Behind ; not advancing ; not coming or bringing for- 
ward ; as, to keep back a part. 4. Toward times or things 
past. 5. Again ; in return ; as, to give back. 6. To go or 
come back, is to return, either to a former place or state. 
7. To go or give back, is to retreat, to recede. 

BACK, v. t. 1. To mount; to get upon the back; some- 
times, perhaps, to place upon the back. 2. To support ; 
to maintain ; to second or strengthen by aid ; as, to back a 
person in his cause. 3. To put backward; to cause to re- 
treat or recede. 4. To bo,ck a wan-ant, is for a justice of the 
peace in the county where the warrant is to be executed, 
to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to 
apprehend an offender. 5. To back art anchor, is tc carry 
out a small anchor ahead of a larger one, connectir g the 
two by a cable, to lessen the strain. 6. To back the sails, 
is so to arrange them as to take the wind out of them, with * 
a view to check the progress of a ship. To back the oais, 
to row backward with the oars. 7. To back the field, in 
horse-racing, is to bet against a particular horse, or horses, 
that some one of all the other horses in the field will beat 
them. — Racing Calendar. 

BACK, v. i. To moye or go back ; as, the horse refuses t? 
back. 

BACK'BlTE, v. t. To censure, slander, reproach, or speak 
evil of the absent 



See Synopsis, a. E, T, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BlRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



BAC 



79 



BAG 



JSACK'BlT-ER, n. One who slanders, calumniates, or speaks 
ill of the absent. 

BAGK'BIT-ING, n. The act of slandering the absent ; se- 
cret calumny. — 2 Cor., xii. 

BACK'BiT-ING-LY, adv. With secret slander.— Barret. 

B ACK'BOARD, n. 1. A board placed across the after part of a 
boat for the passengers to lean against. 2. A board attached 
to the rim of a water-wheel, to prevent the water from 
running off backward from the floats, or paddles, or to the 
interior of the wheel. 

BACKBONE, n. The bone of the back ; or the spine. 

B A€ K'BOX-ES, n. pi. Among printers, the boxes on the ,top 
of the upper case of types, usually appropriated to small 
capitals. 

B A.CKCAR-RY, n. A having on the back. 

BACKDoOR, n. A door on the back part of a building ; a 
private passage ; an indirect way. 

BACK'jED (bakt), pp. Mounted ; having on the back ; sup- 
ported by aid ; seconded ; moved backward. 

BACK' ED, a. Having a back ; a word U6ed in composition. 

BACKEND, n. The latter part of the year.— North of Eng. 

BA€K'ER, n. 1. One who backs or supports another in a 
contest. — 2. In architecture, a small slate laid on the back 
of a large one, at certain intervals. — Brande. 

BA€K'FRIEND (bak'frend), n. A secret enemy.— South. 

BACK-GAM'MON, n. [W. bac and cammaun.] A game 
played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice. 

BA€K'GROUND, n. 1. Ground in the rear, or behind, as 
opposed to the front. 2. A place of obscurity, or shade ; 
a situation little seen or noticed. 

BACKHAND-ED, a. With the hand turned backward. 

BACKHAND -ED, adv. With the hand directed backward. 

BACKHOUSE, n. A building behind the main or front 
building ; a necessary. 

BACKING, ppr. Mounting ; moving back, as a horse ; sec- 
onding. 

BACKING, n. 1. The operation of breaking a colt for the 
saddle. 2. The operation of preparing the back of a book 
for binding by gluing, &c, before putting on the cover. 

BA-GK'ING-UP, n. A term used in cricket and other games, 
for stopping the ball and driving it back. 

BACK'PaINT-ING, n. The method of painting mezzotinto 
prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print. 

BACKPlECE, ii. The piece of armor which covers the back. 

BACKRE-TURN, n. Repeated return.— Shak. 

BACKROOM, n. A room behind the front room, or in the 
back part of the house. 

BACKS, n. pi. Among dealers in leather, the thickest and 
stoutest hides, used for sole leather. 

BACK'S ET a. Set upon in the rear. 

BACKSET, n. A check ; a relapse.— Scottish. 

RACK'SlDE, n. 1. The back part of any thing ; the part 
behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. 
2. The hind part of an animal. 3. The yard, ground, or 
place behind a house. 

* BAGK-SLlDE', v. i. To fall off ; to apostatize ; to turn 
gradually _from the faith and practice of Christianity. 

* BACK-SLlD'ER, n. 1. An apostate ; one who falls gradu- 

ally from the faith and practice of religion. 2. One who 
neglects his vows of obedience, and falls into sin. 

* BACK-SLlD'ING, n. The act of apostatizing from faith or 
practice ; a falling insensibly from religion into sin or idol- 
atry. — Jer., v., 6. 

BACK-SLlD'ING-NESS, n. The state of backsliding. 

BAGKST1FF, ii. A quadrant ; an instrument for taking 
the sun's altitude at sea ; called also, from its inventor, 
Davis's quadrant. 

BACKSTAIRS, n. pi. Stairs in the back part of a house ; 
private stairs ; and, figuratively, a private, or indirect way. 

BACK'STaYS, n. pi. Long ropes or stays extending from 
the topmast heads to both sides of a ship, slanting a little 
aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast. 

BACK'SToNE, n. The heated stone or iron on which oat- 
cake is baked. — North of England. 

BA€K'SWoRD (-sorde), n. A sword with one sharp edge. 
— In England, a stick with a basket handle, used in ru.itic 
amusements. 

BACKWARD, adv. 1. With the back in advance. 2. To- 
ward the back. 3. On the back, or with the back down- 
ward. 4. Toward past times or events. 5. By way of re- 
flection ; refiexively.' 6. From a better to a worse state. 
7. In time past. 8. Perversely ; from a wrong end. 9. 
Toward the beginning ; in an order contrary to the natu- 
ral order. 10. Contrarily; in a contrary manner. To^o 
backward, to decline ; retrograde ; retreat. 

BACKWARD, a. 1. Unwilling ; averse ; reluctant ; hesi- 
tating. 2. Slow ; sluggish ; dilatory. 3. Dull ; not quick 
of apprehension ; behind in progress. 4. Late ; behind in 
time ; coming after something else, or after the usual time. 

BACKWARD, v. t. To keep back ; to hinder. 
BACKWARD, ii. The things or state behind or past. 

BACK'WARD-LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly ; averse- 
ly; perversely. 



BACK'WARD-NESS, n. 1. Unwillingness ; reluctance ; Ji!- 
atoriness, or dullness in action. 2. A state of being beliind 
in progress ; slowness ; tardiness. 

BACK-WATER, •«. Water which sets back in a stream 
owing to some obstruction below. Also, water thrown 
back by the turning of a water-wheel. 

BACK-WOODS'MAN, n. An inhabitant of the forest in the 
frontier settlements, especially at the west. 

BAGK'WORM, n. A small worm, in a thin skin, in the 
reins of a hawk. 

BACK WOUND (-wownd or -woond), v. t. To wound be- 
_hind the back. — Shak. 

Ba'CON (ba'kn), n. [W. baccun.] The sides and belly of 
swine (sometimes of the bear, &c.) salted or pickled, and 
dried, usually in smoke. Each side is called a flitch of 
bacon. — To save one's bacon, to save one's self from harm, 

BA-Co'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Bacon, or his philosophy. 

BAC'ULE, n. [Fr. bascule.] In fortification, a kind of port- 
cullis or gate, made like a pit-fall. 

BAC'U-LiTE, n. [L. baculus.] A genus of fossil shells, of 
an elongated conical form, belonging to the family of the 
ammonites. 

BAC-U-LOM'E-TRY, n. [L. baculus, and Gr. perfiov.] The 
act of measuring distance or altitude by a staff or staves. 

BAD, a. Ill ; evil ; opposed to good ; a word of general use, 
denoting physical defects and moral faults in men and 
things ; whatever is injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, un- 
lawful, or immoral ; whatever is offensive, painful, or un- 
favorable ; or what is defective. 

BaDF ('bad') < ^ e P ast tense °^ ^< $ee Bid. 

BADgE, n. 1. A mark, sign, token, or thing, by which a pei 
son is distinguished. 2. The mark or token of any thing. 
3. An ornament on ships, near the stern, decorated with 
figures. 

BADGE, v. t. To mark, or distinguish with a badge. 

BADGE'LESS, a. Having no badge.— Bp. Hall. 

BADg'ER, n. In law, a person who is licensed to buy corn 
in one place and sell it in another, without incurring th& 
penalty of engrossing. 

BADg'ER, n. A quadruped, the ursus meles, which is very 
eagerly hunted by English sportsmen. — The American 
bads-er is called the ground-hog. 

BADg'ER, v. t. To follow up or pursue with great eager 
ness. as the badjrer is hunted ; to pester or worry. — Rich 
Diet 

BADG'ER-L EGGED, a. Having legs like a badger. 

BAD-I-a'GA, n. A small sponge in the north of Europe. 

BAD'I-ANE, In. The seed of a tree in China, which smells 

BAN'DI-AN, > like anise-seeds. 

BAD-I-GE'ON, n. A cement used to fill up holes. Among 
statuaries, it is made of mortar and freestone ground to- 
gether ; among joiners, of whiting and glue, or putty and 
chalk. 

BADIN-aGE (bad'in-azh), n. [Fr.] Light or playfu. dis- 
course. — Chesterfield. 

BAD'LY, adv. In a bad maimer ; not well ; unskillfully , 
grievously ; unfortunately ; imperfectly. 

BAD'NESS, n. The state of being bad ; evil ; vicious or de- 
praved ; want of good qualities. 

BAF'FE-TAS, \n. An India cotton-cloth, or plain muslin 

BAF'TAS, i That of Surat is said to be the best. 

BAF'FLE, v. t. [Fr. bcjler.] To mock or elude by artifice ; 
to elude or disappoint by shifts and turns. — Syn. To balk , 
irustrate ; confound ; defeat ; disconcert ; disappoint ; 
confuse. 

BAF'FLE, v. i. To practice deceit. — Barrow. 

BAF'FLE, n. A defeat by artifice, shifts, and turns. 

BAFFLED,^. Eluded; defeated: confounded. 

BAF'FLER, n. One that baffles. 

BAF'FLING, ppr. or a. Eluding by shifts and turns, or by 
stratagem ; defeating ; confounding. A baffling wind is 
one which i3 unsteady and shifting. 

EAF'FLING-LY, adv. In a baffling manner. 

BAF'FLING-NESS, n. Quality of baffling. 

BAG, n. [Norm, bage.] 1. A sack ; a pouch, usually of cloth 
or leather, used to hold, preserve, or convey corn and 
other commodities. 2. A sack in animal bodies contain- 
ing some fluid, or other substance. 3. Formerly, a sort ol 
silken purse tied to the hair. 4. In commerce, a certain 
quantity ot a commodity, such as it is customary to carry 
. to market in a sack ; as, a bag of pepper. 

BAG, v. t. 1. To put into a bag , as, to bag game, 'used 
chiefly by sportsmen.] 2. To load with bags. 

BAG, v. i. To swell like a full bag, as sails when filled with 
wind. 

BA-GASSE', n. The refuse stalks of the sugar-cane after 
they have been ground : used as fuel. 

BAG-A-TELLE' (bag-a-tel), n. [Fr.J 1. A trifle; a thing of 
no importance. 2. A game played on a board having a! 
the end nine holes, into which balls are to be struck with 
a rod held in the hand of the player. 

BAGGAGE, n. [Fr. bagage.] 1. The tents, clothing, uten 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS ;— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in th's. t Obsolete 



BA1 



80 



BAL 



eus, and other necessaries of an army. 2. The clothing 

and other conveniences which a traveler carries with hiin 

on a journey. [The English now call this luggage.) 
BAG'GAgE, n. [Fr. bagasse.} 1. A low, worthless woman ; 

a strumpet. 2. A playful, saucy female. — Goldsmith. 
BAG'GING, ppr. Swelling ; becoming protuberant. 
BAG'GING, n. The cloth or materials for bags. — U. States. — 

Edwards's W. Indies. 
BAGN'IO (ban'yo), n. [It. bagno; Sp. bano.} 1. Originally, 

& bathing-house. 2. A brothel. 3. In Turkey and Bar- 

bary, an inclosure for slaves. 
BA G'PIPE, n. A musical wind instrument, used chiefly in 

Scotland and Ireland. It consists of a leathern bag, which 

receives the air by a tube, which is stopped by a valve ; 

and pipes, into which the ah- is pressed by the performer. 
BAGTlP-ER, ii. One who plays on a bagpipe. 
BAG'RE. n. A small bearded fish, a species of silurus. 
BAG'REEF, n. A fourth and lower reef used in the British 

navy. 
BA-GUETTE' (ba-gef), n. [Fr. baguette.} In architecture, a 

little round molding, less than an astragal. 

T» A TTV-n/ } 

BXRRF ' \ n ' heights used in the East Indies. — Encyc. 

f BaIGNE, v. t. [Fr. baigner.} To soak or drench. 

BaIK'AL-iTE, n. A variety of augite, occurring in grouped 
or radiated acicular prisms. 

BaIL, v. t. [Fr. and Norm, bailler.} 1. To set free, deliver, 
or lil>erate from arrest and imprisonment, or security for 
a person's appearance in court. 2. To deliver goods in 
trust, upon a contract. 3. To free from water ; as, to bail 
a boat. This word is improperly written bale. 

BaIL, n. 1. The person or persons who procure the re- 
lease of a prisoner from custody, by becoming surety for 
his appearance in court. 2. The security given for the 
release of a prisoner from custody. 3. The handle of a 
kettle or similar vessel. — Forby. 4. In England, a cer- 
tain limit within a forest 

BaIL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be set free upon bond with 
sureties ; that may be admitted to bail. 2. That admits 
of bail. 

BIIL'BOND, n. A bond or obligation given by a prisoner 
and his surety, either to appear in court or abide judg- 
ment. 

BIIL.ED, pp. 1. Released from custody on bonds for ap- 
pearance in court. 2. Delivered in trust, to be carried 
and deposited, re-delivered, or otherwise accounted for. 
3. Freed from water, as a boat. 

BaIL-EE' n. The person to whom goods are committed in 
trust. 

BaIL'FR 1 

BaIL'Or' \ n ' m ^ ne w ^° d euvers goods to another in trust. 

BaIL'IE, n. A municipal officer in Scotland, corresponding 
to an alderman. — Scottish. 

BaIL'IFF, n. [Fr. baillif.} In England, 1. An officer appoint- 
ed by the sheriff for arresting persons. 2. An agent or 
superintendent of a manor, to direct its husbandry, collect 
dues, &c. 

BIIL'I-WIGK, n. [Scot, bailli, and Sax. wic.} The precincts 
in which a bailiff has jurisdiction ; the limits of a bailiff" 's 
authority. 

BaIL'MENT, n. A delivery of goods in trust upon a con- 
tract, either expressed or implied, that they shall be kept 
and delivered safe. 

BIIL'PIeCE, n. A slip of parchment, or paper, containing 
a recognizance of bail above, or bail to the action. 

BAIN-MA-Ri'E' (bang-ma-ree'), n. [L. balneum maris.} In 
cookery, a large shallow vessel containing hot water, in 
which sauce-pans are placed to warm food. 

f BUN, n. [Fr. bain.} A bath. — Hakewill. 

BaI'RAM, n. The name of two Mohammedan festivals, of 
which one is held at the close of the fast Ramazan, and 
the other seventy days after. 

BURN, ) n. [Sax. beam ; Scot, bairn.} A child. [Little 

BaRN, 5 used in English.} 

BUT, n. [Sax. batan.} 1. Any substance for food, used to 
catch fish, or other animals. 2. A portion of food and 
drink, or a refreshment taken on a journey. 3. An allure- 
_ment; enticement; temptation. 

BaIT, v. t. 1. To put meat on a hook or fine, or in an in- 
closure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls, and other 
animals into human power. 2. To give a portion of food 
and drink to a beast upon the road. — Addison. 

BaIT, v. i. To take a portion of food and drink for refresh- 
ment on a journey. 

BUT, v. t. [Goth, beitan.} 1. To provoke and harass by 
dogs ; to harass by the help of others. 2. To attack with 
violence ; to harass in the manner of small animals. 

BaIT, v. i. To clap the wings ; to flutter as if to fly ; or to 
hover. 

BUT, n. White bait, a small fish of the Thames. 

BaIT'ED, pp. 1. Furnished with bait ; allured ; tempted. 
2. Fed, or refreshed on the road. 3. Harassed by dogs 
or other small animals ; attacked. 



BaITING, ppr. I. Furnishing with bait; tempting; allur 
ing. 2. Feeding ; refreshing at an inn. 3. Harassing with 
dogs ; attacking. 

BaITING, n. I. The act of baiting. 2. Refreshment on a 
journey, particularly food for a horse. 3. The act of caus 
ing dogs to attack bulls, bears, and other animals. 

B5.IZE, n. [Sp. bausan.) A coarse woolen stuff", with a 
long nap. 

BaKE, v. t. [Sax. bacan.} 1. To heat, dry, and harden, as 
in an oven or furnace, or under coals of fire ; to dress and 
prepare for food, in a close place ; heated. 2. To dry and 
harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln, or furnace, or by 
the solar rays. 

BaKE, v. i. 1. To do the work of baking. 2. To be baked ; 
to dry and harden in heat. 

B AKED (bakt), pp. or a. Dried and hardened by heat ; dress- 
ed in heat. 

BIKE'HOUSE, n. A house or building for baking. 

BaKE'MeATS, n.pl. Meats prepared for food in an oven. 

BaK'£N (ba/kn), pp. The same as baked, and nearly ob- 
solete. 

BaK'ER, n. 1. One whose occupation is to bake bread, bis- 
cuit, <fcc. 2. A small tin oven, in which baking is per 
formed. 

BaK'ER-FOOT, n. An ill-shaped or distorted foot.— Taylor, 

BaK'ER-LEGG.BD, a. Having crooked legs, or legs that 
bend inward at the knees. 

BaK'ER- Y, n. 1. The trade of a baker. 2. A place occu- 
pied with the business of baking bread, &c. — Smollet. 

BaK'ING, ppr. Drying and hardening in heat ; dressing or 
cooking in a close place, or in heat. 

BaK'ING, n. The drying or hardening of any thing by heat; 
the quantity baked at once ; as, a baking of bread. 

B AL'AN, n. A beautiful yellow fish of the wrasse kind. 

BAL'ANCE, n. [Fr. balance; Sp. balanza.} 1. A pair of 
scales, for weighing commodities. 2. One of the simple 
powers in mechanics. 3. Figuratively, an impartial stata 
of the mind in deliberating. 4. As balance signifies equal 
weight, or equality, it is used for the weight or sum neces- 
sary to make two unequal tceights or sums equal. Hence, it 
denotes the difference between the debtor and creditor 
side of an account. 5. Balance of trade is the difference 
between the exports and imports of a country. 6. Equi- 
poise, or an equal state of power between nations ; as, the 
" balance of power." 7. Equipoise, or an equal state of 
the passions. 8. That which renders weight or authority 
equal. 9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates 
the beats. — 10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called, 
in Latin, Libra. — The hydrostatic balance is an instrument 
to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies. 
The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic op- 
erations, to determine the weight of minute bodies. Bal- 
ance of torsion; see Toksion Balance. [It is an error to 
use balance for remainder ; as, "the balance of the evening 
was spent in study."] 

BAL'ANCE, v. t. 1. To adjust the weights in the scales of a 
balance, so as to bring them to an equipoise. 2. To weigh 
reasons ; to compare, by estimating the relative force, 
importance, or value of different things. 3. To regulate 
different powers, so as to keep them in a state of just pro- 
portion. 4. To counterpoise ; to make of equal weight 
or force ; to make equipollent. 5. To settle and adjust, 
as an account. 

BAL'ANCE, v. i. 1. To have on each side equal weight ; to 
be on a poise ; to preserve the equipoise of the body. 2. 
To hesitate ; to fluctuate between motives which appear 
of equal force. — 3. In dancing, to move toward a person 
opposite, and then back. 

BAL'ANOED (bal'anst), pp. Charged with equal weights , 
standing on an equipoise ; regulated so as to be equal ; set- 
tled ; adjusted ; made equal in weight or amount. 

BAL'ANC-ER, n. 1. The person who weighs, or who uses 
a balance. 2. A member of an insect useful in balancing 
the body. 3. One skilled in balancing or preserving the 
equipoise of his body. 

BAL'ANCE-FISH, n. The hammer-fish ; a kind of shark, 
with a head flat and projecting laterally, like a hammer. 

BAL'ANCE-KNlFE, n. A kind of table-knife, which, when 
laid on the table, rests wholly on the handle, without the 
blade touching the cloth ; so called because the weight Oj 
the handle counterbalances that of the blade. — Encyc. of 
Dom. Econ. 

BAL'ANCE-REEF, n. A reef band that crosses a sail diag- 
onally, xised to contract it in a storm. 

BAL'ANC-ING, ppr. Charging with equal weights ; being in 
a state of equipoise ; bringing to a state of equality : regu- 
lating respective forces or sums to make theni equal ; 
settling ; adjusting ; paying a difference of accounts ; hes- 
itating ; moving toward a person in a dance, and then back. 

BAL'ANC-ING, n. Equilibrium ; poise. — Spenser. 

BAL'A-NlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus balanus. 

BAL'ASS Rij'BY, \n. [Sp. balax ; Fr. balais.} A variety of 

BAL'AS Ru'BY, $ spinel ruby. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ; -PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



BAL 



bi 



BAL 



3A-LAUS TINE, n. The wild pomegranate-tree. 
BAL-Bu'CIN-aTE, \v.i. [L.bal-butio.] To stammer in speak- 
BAL-Bu'TUTE, 5 ing.— Diet. 

* BAL'€0-NIJ£D, a. Having balconies.— -#. North. 

• BAL'GO-NY, or BAL-€o'NY, n. [F. balcon ; It. balcone.] In 
architecture, a platform or projection from the external 
wall of a house or other building, borne up by columns or 
consoles, and usually placed before windows or other 
openings. 

BALD (bawld), a. [Sp. baldio.] 1. Destitute of hair, espe- 
cially on the top and back of the bead. 2. Destitute of the 
natural covering. 3. Without feathers on the head. 4. 
Destitute of trees on the top. 5. Unadorned ; inelegant. 

6. Mean ; naked ; base ; without dignity or value. — Shah 

7. In popular language, open, bold, audacious ; as, bald 
propositions. 8. Without beard or awn. 

BALD'A-GHIN (bawl'da-kin), n. [It. baldacchino ; Sp. balda- 
quino.] In architecture, a structure in form of a canopy, 
supported by columns, and often used as a covering to in- 
sulated altars. 

BALD'ER-DASH, n. Mean, senseless prate ; a jargon of 
words ; ribaldry ; any thing jumbled together without 
judgment. 

BALD'ER-DASH, v. t. To mix or adulterate liquors. 

BALD'HeAD (bawWhed), n. A man bald on the head.— 2 
Kings, ii., 23. 

BALD'LY, adv. Nakedly ; meanly ; inelegantly ; openly. 

BALD'M6N-Y, n. The same with gentian. 

BALD'NESS, n. Want of hair on the top and back of the 
head ; loss of hair ; meanness or inelegance of writing ; 
want of ornament. 

BALD'PITE, n. A pate without hair. 

BALD'PaT-ED, a. Destitute of hair ; shorn of hair. 

BALD'RIGK, n. [L. balteus and rick.] 1. A girdle, or rich- 
ly ornamented belt ; a war girdle. 2. The zodiac. 

BILE, n. [Fr. balle; Ger. batten.] 1. A bundle or package 
of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for carriage or trans- 
portation. 2. Formerly, a pair of dice. 

BILE, v. t. To make up in a bale. 

t BILE, n. [Sax beal, bealo.] -" Misery ; calamity. 

BAL-E-ARTG, a. Pertaining to the isles of Majorca and 
Minorca. Balearic crane, or crowned heron, a very beau- 
tiful species of crane, a native of Africa. 

BILE-FlRE', n. A signal fire ; an alarm fire. — Scott. 

BILE'FUL, a. 1. Producing mischief or misery. 2. Pro- 
ducing" sorrow. — Syn. Mischievous ; pernicious ; destruc- 
tive ; calamitous; deadly; sorrowful; woeful; grievous ; 

BILE'FUL-L Y, adv. Sorrowfully ; perniciously ; in a calam- 
itous manner. 

BaLE-FUL-NESS, n. Destructiveness. 

BaLTNG" n. The act or operation of making up into a bale, 
as cotton, &c. 

BA-LIS'TER, n. [L. balista.] A cross-bow. 

3A-LIZE', n. [Fr. balise.] A sea-mark ; a pole raised on a 
bank. 

BALK (bawk), n. [Sax. bale ; W. laic] 1. A ridge of land 
left unplowed between furrows, or at the end of a field. 
2. A great beam, or rafter. [G. balken ; D. balk.] 3. Any 
thing left untouched, like a ridge in plowing. 4. A frustra- 
tion; disappointment. 

BALK (bawk), v. t. 1. To disappoint ; to frustrate. 2. To 
leave untouched ; to miss or omit. 3. To pile, as in a heap 
or ridge ; as, " ten thousand men balked in their blood" 
(Shak.), i.e., lying in ridges like balks in a field. 4. To turn 
aside ; to talk beside one's meaning. — Spenser, [obs.] 5. To 
plow, leaving balks. 

BALK.ED (bawkt), pp. 1. Plowed in ridges between fur- 
rows, as in American husbandry. 2. Frustrated ; disap- 
pointed. 

BALK'ER (bawk'er), n. One who balks. 

BALKING, ppr. Plowing in ridges ; frustrating. 

BALKTNG-LY, adv. In a manner to balk or frustrate. 

BALL, n. [G. ball ; D. bal ; Sw. ball] 1. A round body ; a 
spherical substance. 2. A bullet. 3. A printer's ball, con- 
sisting of hair or wool, covered with leather, and used to 
put ink on the types in the forms. 4. The globe or earth, 
from its figure. 5. A globe borne as an ensign of authori- 
ty. 6. Any part of the body that is round or protuberant ; 
as, the eye ball. 7. The weight at the bottom of a pendu- 
lum. 8. A familiar game both in Europe and America. 

BALL, n. [Fr. bal; It. ballo.] An entertainment of dancing. 

BALL, v. i. To form snow into balls, as on horses' hoofs or 
feet. Thus we say that a horse balls, in traveling through 
damp snow. 

BAL'LAD, n. [It. ballata.] \ song; originally, a solemn 
song of praise ; but now a meaner kind of popular song. 

BAL'LAD, v. i. To make or sing ballads. — Shak. 

BAL'L AD-ER, n. A writer of ballads.— Overbury. 

B AL'L AD-MaK-ER, n. A maker or composer of ballads, or 
songs for the people. 

BAL'LAD-MoN'GER, n. A dealer in writing ballads. 

BAL'LAD-RY, n. The subject or style of ballads. 



BAL'LAD-SING'ER, n. One whose employment is to suag 
ballads. 

EAL'LAD-STJLE, a. The air or manner of a ballad. 

B AL'L AD-TuNE, n. The tune of a ballad.— Warton. 

BAL'L AD-WRiTER, n. A composer of ballads. 

t BAL'LA-RAG, v. t. To bully; to threaten.— Warton. 

BAL'LAST, n. [Sax. bat, with last.] 1. Heavy matter, aa 
stone, sand, or iron, laid in the hold of a ship or other ves- 
sel to sink it in the water to such a depth as to enable it to 
carry sufficient sail without oversetting. — 2. Figuratively, 
that which is used to make a thing steady. 

BAL'LAST, v. t. 1. To place heavy substances in the hold 
of a ship or vessel to keep it from oversetting. 2. To keep 
any thing steady, by counterbalancing its force. 

BAL'L AST- AGE, n. A tt '1 paid for the privilege of taking up 
ballast in a port or hai jor. — Bouvier. 

BAL'LAST-ED, pp. Furnished with ballast ; kept steady by 
a counterpoising force. 

BAL'LAST-ING.jppr. Furnishing with ballast; keeping steady 

BAL'L AST-ING, n. Ballast ; that which is used for ballast. 

BAL'LA-TED, a. Sung in a ballad. [Little used.] 

BAL-LA-TGON', n. A heavy luggage boat employed on the 
rivers about the Caspian Sea. 

BAL'LA-TRY, n. A song ; a jig.— Milton. 

BALL-€aR'TRIDgE, n. A cartridge furnished with a ball. 

BALL'-GOGK, n. A contrivance which allows water to 
enter a cistern, but shuts of itself, by means of a floating 
ball, when the cistern is full. — Encyc. of Bom. Econ. 

*BAL'LET, n. [Fr. ballet.] 1. A kind of dance ; an interlude, 
consisting of a series of several airs, with different move- 
ments, representing some subject or action. 2. A kind of 
dramatic poem, representing some fabulous action or sub- 
ject. 

BAL'LI-AGE, more correctly BIIL'AgE, n. [Ir. baile.] A 
small duty paid to the city of London by aliens, and even 
by denizens, for certain commodities exported by them. 

BAL-LIS'TA, n.[L.] A machine used by the ancients in 
war for throwing darts, stones, &c. 

BAL-LIS'TIG, a. [L. balista.] Pertaining to the balista, or 
to the art of shooting darts. 

BAL-LIS'TIG PEND'U-LUM, n. An instrument for meas- 
uring the force and velocity of cannon and musket balls. 

BAL-LlS'TIGS, n. The science or art of throwing missive 
weapons, by the use of an engine. The term ballistics has . 
sometimes been used as synonymous with projectiles. 

BAL-LOON', n. [Fr. ballon.] 1. In general, any spherical, 
hollow body. — 2. In chemistry, a round vessel with a short 
neck, to receive whatever is distilled ; a glass receiver, of 
a spherical form. — 3. In architecture, a ball, or globe, on 
the top of a pillar, cupola, &c. — 4. In firewot Us, a ball of 
pasteboard, or kind of bomb, stuffed with combustibles, to 
be played off, when fired, either in the air, or- on water, 
which, bursting like a bomb, exhibits sparks of fire like 
stars. 5. A game, somewhat resembling tennis, played in 
an open field, with a large ball of leather, inflated with air. 
6. A bag or hollow vessel, made of silk or other light ma 
terial, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to 
rise and float in the atmosphere ; called, for distinction, an 
air-balloon. 

BAL-LOON', \n. A state barge of Siam, made of a single 

BAL'LOEN, 5 piece of timber. 

BAL-LOON'IST, n. One who makes or ascends in a balloon. 

BAL-LOON'RY, n. The art or practice of ascending in a 
balloon. — Quart. Rev. 

BAL'LOT, n. [Fr. ballotte.] 1. A ball used in voting. 2. A 
ticket, or written vote, being given in lieu of a ballot, is 
now called by the same name. 3. The act of voting by 
balls or tickets. 

BAL'LOT, v. i. 1. To vote by ballot. 2. To vote by writ- 
ten papers or tickets. 

BAL-LOT-I'TION, n. A voting by ballot. [Little used.] 

BAL'LOT-BOX, n. A box for receiving ballots. 

BAL'L OT-ED, pp. Voted by ballot. 

BAL'L OT-ING, ppr. Voting by ballot. 

BAL'LOT-ING, n. Voting by ballot. 

BALM (bam), n. [Fr. baume.] 1. The sap or juice of trees 
or shrubs remarkably odoriferous or aromatic. 2. Any 
fragrant or valuable ointment. — Shak. 3. Any thing which 
heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain.— 4. In botany, 
the name of several aromatic plants, particularly of the 
genus melissa. 

Balm of Gilead. A plant of the genus amyris. Its leaves 
yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent ; and from 
this plant is obtained the balm of Gilead of the shops, or 
balsam of Mecca or of Syria. 

BaZM, v. t. 1. To anoint with balm. 2. To soothe ; to mit- 
igate; to assuage. 

BliM'I-LY, adv. In a balmy manner. — Coleridge. 

BaZM'Y (bam'e), a. 1. Having the qualities of balm ; aro 
malic. 2. Producing balm. 3. Soothing ; soft ; mild. 4 
Fragrant ; odoriferous. 5. Mitigating ; easing ; assuaging. 

BAL'NE-AL, a. [L. balneum.] Pertaining to a bath. 

BAL'NE-A-RY, n. [L.balnearium.] A bathing-room.— Brown. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thie. t Obsolete. 
F 



BAN 



BAN 



3AL-NE-A/TI0N, n. The act of bathing.— Brown. 

BAL'NE-A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to a bath or stove. 

BAL'O-TADE, n. In the menage, a leap of a horse between 
two pillars, or upon a straight line, so that when his fore 
feet are in the air, he shows nothing but the shoes of his 
hind feet, without jerking out. 

BAL'SAM, n. [Gr. fjaXaauov.] An oily, aromatic, resinous 
substance, flowing spontaneously, or by incision, from cer- 
tain plants. 

Balsam Apple. An annual Indian plant 

Balsam of Sulphur. A solution of sulphur in oil. 

Balsam of Peru. The produce of a tree in Peru. 

Balsam of Tolu. A fragrant balsam from the Tolu-tree of 
South America, used as a pectoral. 

t BAL'SAM, v. t. To render balsamic ; to soften. 

BAL-SAM-a'TION, n. The act of rendering balsamic. 

BAL-SAM'I€, \ a. Having the qualities of balsam ; stim- 

BAL-SAMTG-AL, j ulating ; unctuous ; soft ; mitigating ; 
mild. 

BAL-SAMTG, n. A warm, stimulating, demulcent medicine, 
of a smooth and oily consistence. 

BAL-SAMTG-AL-LY, adv. In a balsamic manner. 

BAL-SAM-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing balsam. 

BAL'SA-MiNE, n. Touch-me-not, or impatien s, a genus of 
plants. 

BAL'SAM-SWEAT-ING (-swet-ing), a. Yielding balsam. 

BALTIC, n. The sea which separates Norway and Sweden 
from Jutland, Holstein, and Germany. 

BALTIC, a. Pertaining to the sea of that name ; situated 
on the Baltic Sea. 

BAL'US-TER, n. [It. balaustro ; Sp. balaustre; Fr. balustre.] 
This is corrupted into banister. A small column or pilas- 
ter, of various forms and dimensions, used for balustrades. 

BAI/US-TER.ED, a. Having balusters.— Soames. 

BAL'US-TRADE, n. [Sp. balaustrado ; It. balaustrata ; Fr. 
balustrade.] A row of balusters, joined by a rail, serving 
as a fence or inclosure for altars, balconies, staircases, ter- 
races, tops of buildings, &c. 

BAM, ? as an initial syllable in names of places, signifies 

BE AM. ) wood ; implying that the place took its name from 
a grove, or forest. Ger. baum, a tree. 

BAM-BOO', n. A plant of the reed kind, or genus arundo, 
growing in the East Indies, of a hard woody texture. 

BAM-BOO'ZLE, v. t. To confound ; to deceive ; to play low 
tricks upon. [A low word.] 

BAM-BOO'ZLER, n. A cheat; one who plays low tricks. 

BAN, n. [Sax. bannan, abannan.] 1. A public proclamation 
or edict ; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibit- 
ory. 2. Notice of marriage. [See Bans.] 3. An edict of in- 
terdiction or proscription. Hence, in the former German 
empire, to put a prince under the ban- of the empire, was 
to digest him of his dignities. 4. Interdiction ; prohibition. 
— Milton. 5. Curse ; excommunication ; anathema. — Ra- 
leigh. 6. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delin- 
quent for offending against a ban. 7. A mulct paid to the 
bishop by one guilty of sacrilege and other crimes. — 8. In 
military affairs, a proclamation by beat of drum, requiring 
a strict observance of discipline, either for declaring a new 
oflicer, or for punishing an offender. — 9. In commerce, a 
smooth, fine muslin, imported from the East Indies. 

BAN. a. t. To curse ; to execrate. — Shak. — Knolles. 

BAN, v. i. To curse.— Spenser. 

* BA-NX'NA, ii. A species of the genus musa, which includes 
the plantain-tree ; and its fruit, which is five or six inches 
long and one thick, growing in clusters, and forming a nu- 
tritious food. 

' BAN'GO, n. [It.] In law, a court is said to sit in banco, or in 
bank, when all the judges are together on the bench. — In 
commerce, banco denotes bank. 

BAN 'CO, n. A bench; a bank. A term denoting the bank 
money of Hamburg and other places. 

BAND, ii. [Sax. banda; Sw. band.] 1. A fillet; a cord; a 
tie; a chain; any narrow ligament with which a thing is 
bound, tied, or fastened, or by which a number of things 
are confined together.— 2. In architecture, any flat, low 
member or molding, broad, but not deep, called, also, fascia, 
face, or plinth.— 3. Figuratively, any chain ; any means of 
restraint ; that which draws or confines. 4. Means of 
union or connection between persons. 5. Any thing bound 
round or encircling another. 6. Something worn about 
the neck ; as, a clergyman's band. 7. A company of sol- 
diers ; the body of men united under one flag or ensign. 
Also, indefinitely, a troop, a body of armed men. 8. A 
company of persons united in any common design. 9. A 
slip of canvas, sewed across a sail to strengthen it. — The 
bands of a saddle are two pieces of iron nailed upon the 
bows to hold them in their proper situation. — Johnson. 
BAND, v. t. 1. To bind together ; to bind over with a band. 

2. To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy. 
BAND, v. i. To unite ; to associate ; to confederate for some 

common purpose. 
BAND'AGE, n. [Fr.] 1. A fillet, roller, or swath, used in 
dressing and binding up wounds, restraining hemorrhages, 



and joining fractured and dislocated bones. 2. Something 
resembling a bandage ; that which is bound over another. 

BAN-DAN'A, In. A species of silk or cotton handkerchief, 

BAN-DAN'NA ; j having a uniform red or blue ground, with 
small white figures, made by discharging the colors. The 
term is also applied to a style of calico-printing, in which 
white spots are produced on a dark ground by discharging 
the colors. 

BAND'BOX, ii. A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets, 
muffs, or other light articles. 

BAND'ED, pp. or a. Bound with a band ; united in a band ; 
striated across with colored bands. 

BAND'ER, ii. One who bands or associates with others. 

BAND'IED (ban'did), pp. Beat or tossed to and fro; agita- 
ted ; controverted without ceremony. 

BANDING, ppr. Binding with a band ; uniting in a band or 
company. 

BAN'DIT, ii. ; pi. Bandits, or Banditti (ban-difte), [It. ban- 
dito.] An outlaw ; also, in a general sense, a robber ; a 
high-wayman ; a lawless or desperate fellow. 

BAN'DLE, n. An Irish measure of two feet in length. 

BAND'LET, ? 11. [Fr. bandelette.] Any little band or fiat 

BAND'E-LET, 5 molding. 

BA.N'DOG, 7i. A large, fierce kind of dog, usually kept 
chained ; hence the name band dog or ban dog. 

BAN-DO-LEER', n. [Sp. bandolera.] A large leathern belt, 
thrown over the right shoulder, and hanging under the 
left arm ; worn by ancient musketeers for sustaining their 
fire-arms. The term is also applied to small leather cases, 
of which every musketeer wore twelve, suspended by i 
shoulder belt, and containing each a charge of powder. 

t BAN'DON, n. Disposal; license. — Chaucer. 

BANDORE, ii. [Sp. bandurria.] A musical stringed instru- 
ment, like a lute. 

BAND'RoL, ii. [Fr. banderole.] 1. A little flag or streamer, 
in form of a guidon, used to be hung on the masts of ves- 
sels. 2. The little fringed silk flag that hangs on a trumpet. 

BAND'STRING, n. A string appendant to a band. 

BANDY, n. [Fr. bander, to bend.] 1. A club bent at the low- 
er part for striking a ball. 2. A play at ball with such a club. 

BANDY, v. t. 1. To beat to and fro, as a ball in playing at 
bandy. 2. To exchange ; to give and receive reciprocally. 
3. To agitate ; to toss about, as from man to man. 

BANDY, v. i. To contend, as at some game, in which each 
strives to drive the ball his own way. 

BANDY-ING, ppr. Beating, impelling, or tossing from one 
to another ; agitating in controversy without ceremony. 

BANDY-LEG, n. [Fr. bander, to bend.] A crooked leg ; a 
leg ben'ding inward or outward. 

BANDY-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs. 

BaNE, n. [Sax. bana.] 1. Poison of a deadly quality; hence, 
any fatal cause of mischief. 2. A disease in sheep, common- 
ly termed the ro«.— Syn. Pest ; ruin ; destruction ; injury. 

t BaNE, v. t. To bathe.— Tuberville. 

BaNE, v. t. To poison.— Shak. 

BaNE'BER-RY, n. A name of the herb Christopher, or 
actaa spicata, bearing berries of a nauseous and dangerous 
quality. 

BaNE'FUL, a. Poisonous; pernicious; destructive. 

BaNE'FIIL-LY, adv. Perniciously; destructively. 

BaNE'FUL-NESS, n. Poisonousness ; destructiveness. 

BaNE'WoRT, n. A plant, called also deadly nightshade. 

BANG, v. t. [Dan. banker.] 1. To beat, as with a club or 
cudgel ; to thump ; to cudgel ; [a low word,] 2. To beat 
or handle roughly ; to treat with violence. 

BANG, n. A blow with a club ; a heavy blow.— -Shak. 

BANG'ING, a. Large; great. — Grose. A vulgar word used 
in the south of England, in Scotland, and sometimes in 
America. — Forby. 

BAN"GLE, v. t. To waste by little and little ; to squander 
carelessly. — Johnson. 

BAN"GLE, n. An ornament worn upon the arms and ankles 
in India and Africa. 

BANGUE', > n. The leaf of a kind of hemp, used in the East 
BANG', I for its narcotic qualities. 

: BAN'IAN (ban'yan), n. 1. A class among the Hindoos whos<i 
employment is trade. 2. A man's undress or morning 
gown, as worn by the Banians. 3. The banyan-tree. — 
Banian days, among seamen, are those days on which they 
are allowed no meat ; so called from the Banians, who eat 
no animal food. 
BAN'ISH, v. t. [Fr. bannir.] 1. To condemn to exile, or 
compel to leave one's country. 2. To drive away ; to 
compel to depart. 3. To banish one's self, is to quit one's 
country voluntarily. 
BANISHED (ban'isht), pp. or a. Compelled to leave one's 

country ; driven away. 
BAN'ISH-ER, 7i. One who compels another to quit his 

country. 
BAN'ISH-ING, ppr. Compelling to quit one's country ; driv- 
ing away. 
BANISHMENT, n. 1. The act of compelling a citizen to 
leave his country. 2. A voluntary forsaking of one's conn- 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, Sec., long.— a, e, i, &c., short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY -MARINE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK. 



Bajn 



83 



BAK 



try upon oath, called abjuration. 3. The state of being 
banished , exile. 4. The act of driving away or dispel- 
ling. — Syn. Exile ; expulsion ; proscription ; outlawry. 
BAN'IS-TER, n. A corruption of baluster, which see. 
6ANK, n. ] A mound, pile, or ridge of earth, raised above 
the surrounding plain. 2. Any steep acclivity, whether 
rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side 
of a ravine. 3. A bench, or a bench of rowers, in a galley. 
4. A collection, or stock of money. 5. The place where a 
collection of money is deposited ; a house used for a bank. 
6. A company of persons concerned in a bank. 7. An eleva- 
tion, or rising ground, in the sea ; called also flats, skoals, 
&c. 8. A stand on which paper is laid in the process of 
being printed. 
BANK, v. t. 1. To raise a mound or dike ; to inclose, de- 
fend, or fortify with a bank. 2. To pass by the banks of. 
— Shalt., [not in use.] 3. To lay up or deposit money in 
a bank, [little used.] 
BANK'A-BLE, a. Receivable at a bank, as bills; or discount- 
able, as notes. 
BANK-BILL, n. In America, the same as bank-note. In 
England, a note, or a bill of exchange of a bank, payable 
at some future specified time. Such bills are negotiable, 
but form strictly no part of the currency. — London Banker. 
BANK-BOOK, n. A book in which the officers of a bank 

enter the debt and credit of a customer. 
BANKED (bankt), pp. Raised in a ridge or mound of earth ; 

inclosed, or fortified with a bank. 
BANK ER, n. 1. One who keeps a bank. 2. A vessel em- 
ployed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland. 
— Mar. Diet. 
BANKTNG, ppr. Raising a mound or bank ; inclosing with 

a bank. 
BANKING, n. The business or employment of a banker. 
BANKING, a. Pertaining to or conducted by a bank. 
BANK'-NoTE, n. A promissory note, payable on demand, 
issued by a banking company. Such notes, in England 
and America, form a large part of the currency. 
BANKRUPT, n. [Fr. banqueroute.] One who becomes un- 
able to pay his just debts ; an insolvent debtor. In Eng- 
land, the bankrupt laws apply only to traders ; in the 
United States, all insolvent debtors are termed bankrupts. 
BANKRUPT, a. Having committed acts of bankruptcy ; un- 
able to pay just debts ; insolvent. 
"BANKRUPT, v. t. To break one in trade ; to make insolvent. 
BANK'RUPT-CY, n. 1. The state of being a bankrupt or 
insolvent ; inability to pay all debts. 2. Tbe act of becom- 
ing a bankrupt. 
3ANK'RUPT-ED, pp. Rendered insolvent. 
BANKTtUPT-ING, ppr. Breaking in trade ; rendering in- 
solvent. 
BANKRUPT-LAW, n. A law which, upon a bankrupt's 
surrendering all his property to commissioners, for the 
benefit of his creditors, discharges him .from the payment 
of his debts. 
BANKRUPT-SYSTEM, n. A system of laws and legal 

proceedings in regard to bankrupt. 
BANK-STO€K, n. A share or siares in the capital stock 

of a bank. 
BAN'LiE-UE, n. The territorj without the walls, but with- 
in the legal limits of a towa or city. 
BAN'NER, n. [Fr. bannierr.] 1. A square flag ; a military 
ensign ; the principal standard of a prince or state. 2. A 
streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere. — 3. In 
botany, the upper petal of a papilionaceous corol. 
BAN'NERJD, a. Famished with or bearing banners. 
BANNEB-ET, n, fFr.] 1. A rank between that of knight 
and baron, no^ extinct. 2. Formerly, a high officer who 
had charge d the banner in some of the Swiss cantons. 
BAN'NER-oL. See Bandrol. 

(■ BAN-Nl"TiON, n. [L. bannitus.] The act of expulsion. 
BAN'NOCK n. [Ir. boinneog.] A round cake made of oat, 
rye, pease, or barley-meal, baked on an iron plate over 
the fire. 
BAN'O Y, n. A species of hawk of the Philippine islands. 
BAN'QUET (bank'wet), n. [Fr. banquet.] A rich entertain- 
ment; literally, of meat and drink; figuratively, of any 
thing delightful. — Syn. Feast; entertainment ; treat. 
BAN'QUET, v. t. To treat with a feast. 
BAN'QUET, v. i. To feast ; to regale one's self with good 

eating and drinking. — Shah. 
B AN'QUET-ED, pp. Feasted ; richly entertained at the table. 
BAN'QUET-ER, n. 1. A feaster ; one who fives deliciously. 

2. One who makes feasts or rich entertainments. 
BAN'QUET-ING, ppr. 1. Feasting; entertaining with rich 

fare. 2. Partaking of rich fare. 
BAN'QUET-ING, n. A feast ; luxurious living. 
BAN'QUET-ING-HOUSE, ?rc. A house where entertain- 
SAN'QUET-HOUSE, 5 ments are made. 

8AN'QUET-ING-ROOM, n. A saloon, or spacious hall for 

public entertainments. 
*AN-QUETTE, (ban-kef), n. [Fr.] 1. In fortification, a 
iittle raised way or foot bank, nmning along the inside of 



a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the 

enemy. 2. The footway of a bridge, when raised above 

the carriage-way. 
BAN'QUET-TENT, n. A tent erected for an entertainment 

or banquet. 
BANS, n. pL Bans of matrimony, notice of an intention of 

marriage, given in a church or other place prescribed by 

law. 

BEN'lm E ' } *■ ^ Irish ^airy.— Chalmers. 
BAN'STI€K-LE, n. A small fish, called also stickle-back. 
BAN'TAM, n. 1. A very small variety of fowls, with feath- 
ered shanks, brought, probably, from the kingdom of Ban- 
tam. 2. A kind of painted or carved work, like that from 
Japan, but more gaudy. 
BAN'TER, v. t. To play upon in words and in good humor. 
—Syn. To rally; joke; jest; sport; play; ridicule; deride. 
BAN'TER, n. A joking or jesting ; raillery ; wit, or humor ; 

pleasantry. 
BANTERED, pp. Rallied ; laughed at in good humor. 
BAN'TER-ER, n. One who banters, or laughs at with pleas 

antry. 
BAN'TER-ING, ppr. Joking ; laughing at with good humor. 
BAN'TER-ING, u. The act of bantering. 
BANT'LING, n. A young child ; an infant. 
BANYAN, n. The Indian fig (Ficus Indica), a tree whose 
branches, bending to the ground, take root and form new 
stocks, till they cover a space many hundreds of feet in 
circumference. 
BI'O-BAB, n. The African name of the Adansonia digitata, 
the largest known tree in the world. The trunk is some- 
times 30 feet in diameter, but not more than 70 feet high. 
BAPTISM, n. [Gr. (3 air t to pa.] 1. The application of water 
to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by 
which he is initiated into the visible Church of Christ. 
2. The suffering? of Christ. 3. So much of the Gospel as 
was preached Sy John the Baptist. — Hypothetical baptism 
is the name given, in the Episcopal Church, to baptism 
when administered to persons of whom it is doubtful 
whether tney have or have not been baptized before. Tho 
formuls:, in this case, is, " If thou art not already baptized, 
I baptize thee," &c. — Hook. 
BAP-TIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to baptism. 
BAPTIST, n. 1. One who administers baptism. This ap- 
pellation is appropriately given to John, the foierunnei 
of Christ. 2. As a contraction of Anabaptist, one wlu 
denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that 
baptism ought to be administered only to adults or be 
lievers by immersing the body in water. 
BAP'TIST-ER-Y, n. [L. baptisterium.] A place where tbe 

sacrament of baptism is administered. 
BAP-TIST'IC 7 

BAP-TISTTG-AL \ a ' Pertaiain a to baptism.— Bram'uUl. 
BAP-TISTIC-AL-LY, adv. In a baptistical manner. 
BAP-TlZ'A-BLE, a. That may be baptized.— N. E. Eldets. 
BAP-TlZE', v. t. [Gr. £a7rr^w.] To administer the sacra- 
ment^ of baptism to ; to christen. 
BAP-TlZ'-ED (bap-tizd'), pp. or a. Having received baptism ; 

christened. 
BAP-TlZ'ER, n. One who christens, or administers bap- 
tism. 
BAPrTlZ'ING, ppr. Administering baptism to ; christening. 
BiR, n. [W. bar.] 1. A piece of wood, iron, or other solid 
matter, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various 
purposes, but especially for a hinderance or obstruction. 
2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders, or defends ; an 
obstruction ; a fortification. 3. The shore of the sea, 
which restrains its waters. 4. The railing that incloses 
the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice ; the 
body of lawyers licensed in a court. 5. Figuratively, any 
tribunal ; as, the bar of public opinion. 6. The inclosed 
place of a tavern, inn, or coffee-house, where the landlord 
or his servant delivers out liquors, and waits upon cus- 
tomers. 7. A bank of sand, gravel, or earth, forming a 
shoal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing en- 
trance, or rendering it difficult 8. A rock in the sea ; any 
thing by which structure is held together. 9. Any thing 
laid across another ; as, bars in heraldry, stripes in color, 
and the like. — 10. In the menage, the highest part of the 
place in a horse's mouth between the grinders and tusks. 
— 11. In music, bars are lines drawn perpendicularly 
across the lines of the staff, including between each two a 
certain quantity of time, or number of beats. — 12. In la,w, 
a peremptory exception, sufficient to destroy the plaintiff's 
action. 13. A bar of gold or silver is an ingot, lump, or 
wedge, from the mines, run in a mold, and unwrought. 
A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought in the forge, and 
hammered from a pig. — 14. Among printers, the iron with 
a wooden handle, by which the screw of the press is 
turned. — 15. In the African trade, a denomination of price, 
payment having formerly been made in bars of ircn. 
BiR, v. t. 1. To fasten with a bar. 2. To hindei , to ob- 
struct or prevent 3. To prevent ; to exclude ; to hinder . 



P6VE ; BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, WCIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z • cH as SH ; TH as in this, 't Obsolete 



BAR 



84 



BAR 



xo make impracticable. 4. To prohibit ; to restrain or ex- 
clude by express or implied prohibition. 5. To obstruct, 
prevent, or hinder by any intervening obstacle. 6. To ex- 
cept ; to exclude by exception. 7. To cross with stripes 
of a different color. 8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an 
operation upon the legs of a horse, to stop malignant hu- 
mors. 9. To adorn with trappings ; a contraction of barb. 

BARB, n. [L. barba.] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it, 
or grows in the place of it. 2. The down, or pubes, cov- 
ering the surface of some plants. 3. Anciently, armor for 
horses, made of leather set with iron spikes ; formerly, 
barbe or barde. 4. A common name of the Barbary pig- 
eon. 5. A horse from Barbary, of which it seems to be a 
contraction. 6. The points that stand backward in an ar- 
row, fish-hook, or other instrument for piercing, intended 
to prevent its being extracted.— 7. In botany, a straight 
process armed w^th teeth pointing backward, like the 
sting of a b^e. 

BARB, v. t. 1. To shave ; to dress the beard.— Skak., [obs.] 
2. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow, fish-hook, spear, or 
■ other instrument. 3. To put armor on a horse.— Milton. 

BaR'BA-CAN, n. [Fr. barbacane.] 1. A fortification or outer 
defense to a city or castle. 2. A fort at the end of a 
bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double wall with 
towers. 3. An opening in the wall of a fortress, through 
which guns are leveled and fired upon an enemy. 

t BaRBA-CAN-AGE, n. Money paid to keep up a barbacan. 

EaR-Ba'DI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Barbadoes 

BaR-Ba'DoES-CHER'RY, n. A tree of the West Indies, 
of the species malpighia, which bears an agreeable though 
tart fruit 

£aR-Ba'DoES-LEG, n. A disease of warm climates, char- 
acterized by a great enlargement and deformity of the 
leg ; the elephant-leg of the Arabians. 

BaR-Ba'D5ES TAR, n. A mineral nuid, of the nature of 
the thicker fluid bitumens. 

BaR-Ba'RI-AN, n. [L. barbarus ; Gr. Papt^pos.] 1. A man 
in his rude, savage state; an uncivilized person. 2. A 
cruel, savage, brutal man ; one destitute of pity or human- 
ity. 3. A foreigner. 

BaR-Ba'RI-AN, a. 1. Belonging to savages ; ruao ; uncivil- 
ized. 2. Cruel; inhuman. 

BAR-BARTG, a. [L. barbaricus.] Foreign ; imported from 
foreign nations. 

BaR'BA-RISM, n. [L. barbarismus.] 1. A form of speech 
contrary to the pure idioms of any language. 2. Ignorance 
of arts ; want of learning. — Dryden. 3. Rudeness of man- 
ners ; savagism ; incivility ; ferociousness ; a savage state 
of society. — 'Spenser. 4. Brutality; cruelty; barbarity. 

SAR-BARl-TY, n. 1. The manners of a barbarian ; savage- 
ness ; cruelty ; ferociousness ; inhumanity. 2. Barbarism ; 
impurity_of speech. 

BIR'BAR-lZE, v. t. To make barbarous. — Burke. 

* BaR'BAR-iZE, v. i. To commit a barbarism. — Milton. 

BaR'BAR-OUS, a. 1. In a state of barbarism ; unacquaint- 
ed with arts ; stranger to civility of manners. 2. Having 
the spirit of barbarians ; as, a barbarous decree. — Syn. Un- 
civilized ; unlettered ; uncultivated ; untutored ; ignorant ; 
cruel ; ferocious ; inhuman ; brutal. 

BIR'BAR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a barbarian ; 
ignorantly; without knowledge or arts; contrary to the 
rules of speech. 2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious, or inhu- 
man manner. 

BaR'BAR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Rudeness or incivility of man- 
ners. 2. Impurity of language. 3. Cruelty ; inhumanity ; 
barbarity. 

BJiR'BA-RY, n. A Barbary horse ; a barb. 

BAR'BAS-TEL, n. A species of bat with bearded lips. 

BaR'BATE, 1 a. [L. barbatus.] In botany, bearded ; also, 

BaR'Ba-TED, I gaping or ringent. 

BARBE, n. Armor of leather, for a horse, covered with 
sharp spikes. — Booth. In the military art, to fire in barbe 
is to fire the cannon over the parapet. 

BAR'BE-€tJE, n. In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole. 
— In America, an ox, or any large animal, dressed in like 
manner. Hence, also, a large social entertainment in the 
open air, at which animals dressed whole, and provisions 
of other kinds, are consumed. 

BaB/BE-GuE, v. t. To dress and roast a hog whole ; to 
roast any large animal whole. 

BaRB-ED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with armor. 2. Bearded ; 
jagged with hooks or points. 3. Shaved or trimmed ; 
having the beard dressed. 

BaRBE-FSATH'ERS, n. pi. The feathers under the beak 
of a hawk. 

BaRB'EL, n. [L. barba.} 1. A fish of the genus cyprinus, 
having on its upper jaw four beard-like appendages ; 
whence the name. 2. A knot of superfluous flesh, grow- 
ing in the channels of a horse's mouth ; written also barbie, 
or barb. 
BaRB'ER, n. [Persian barbr.] One whose occupation is to 

shave men, or to shave and dress hair. — Shak. 
BARB'ER, v. t. To shave and dress hair. — Shak. 



BaRB'ER-€HI-RUR'6EQN, n. One who joins the practice 
of surgery with that of a barber, a practice now unusual ; 
a low practitioner of surgery. 

BaRB'ER^D, pp. Dressed by a barber. 

t BARB'ER-ESS, n. A female barber. 

BaRB'ER-M6N"GER, n. A man who frequents the barber a 
shop ; a fop. — Shak. 

BaR'BER-RY, n. [L. berberis.] A thorny shrub, bearing 
yellow flowers and a small red, acid fruit ; called in Eng- 
land piper idge-b ash. 

BaR'BET, n. 1. A name of a species of worms. 2. The 
name of certain climbing birds found in warm climates. 
3. A dog, so called from his long hair. 

BaR'BULE, n. A very minute barb or beard.— -Booth. 

BaR'CA-RELLE, n. A popular song or melody sung by 
Venetian gondoliers. 

BARD, n. [W. bardd.] 1. A poet and a singer among the 
ancient Celts. 2. In modern usage, a poet. — Pope. 

BIRD, n. Armor of leather for a horse, studded with sharp 
spikes. See Barbe. 

BaR-DASH, n. A boy kept for unnatural purposes. Bar- 
dashing occurs in Hudibras. 

BARD'ED, a. In heraldry, caparisoned. 

BAR-DES'A-NISTS, n. pi. A branch of the Gnostics of the 
second century, so called from Bardesanes of Mesopota- 
mia. They held to two Gods, one good, the other evil 
that Christ had only the semblance of a body, and did not 
die on the cross, with other gross heresies. 

BaRDTG, a. Pertaining to bards, or their poetry. 

BaRD'ISH, a. Pertaining to bards ; written by a bard. 

BaRD'ISM, n. The science of bards ; the learning and 
maxims of bards. — Owen. 

BaRE, n. [Sax. bar, or bar.] 1. Naked ; without covering. 

2. With the head uncovered, from respect. 3. Plain ; 
simple ; unadorned ; without the polish of refined man- 
ners. 4. Laid open to view; detected; no longer con- 
cealed. 5. Poor ; destitute ; indigent ; empty ; unfur- 
nished. 6. Mere ; unaccompanied. 7. Thread-bare ; much 
worn. 8. Wanting clothes, or ill supplied with garments. 
—Bare poles. A ship is under bare poles when all the sail 
_is taken in on account of the wind. 

BaRE, v. t. [Sax. abarian.] To strip off the covering ; to 
make naked. 

t BaRE. _ The old preterit of bear, now bore. 

KaRE'BoNE, n . A very lean person. 

BARE'BoNED, a. Lean, so that the bones appear, or, 

^rather, so that the bones show their forms. 

^ARiSD, pp. Made bare ; made naked. 

BAliET A.C.ED (-faste), a. 1. With the face uncovered ; not 
nrnsked. 2. Undisguised; unreserved; without conceal 
3^ ) ei ^;_ nence » shameless; impudent; audacious; glaring. 

BaRE'FaCED-LY, adv. Without disguise or reserve ; open- 
ly ; impudently. 

BaRE'FaC£D-NESS, n. Effrontery ; assurance ; auda- 
ciousness. 

BaRE'FOOT, a. With the feet bare ; without shoes and 
_stockmgs. 

BaRE'FOOT. a. or adv. With the feet bare. 

BaRE'FOOT-ED, a. Having the feet bare. 

BaRE'GNAWN (barenawn,. a . Eaten bare.— Shak. 

BaRE'HeAD-ED, a. Having the head uncovered, either 
from respect or other cause. 

BaRE'HeAD-ED-NESS, n. The *tate of being bareheaded. 

BaRE'LEGGED, a. Having the le? s bare. 

BaRE'LY, adv. Nakedly; poorly; indigently , without dec- 
oration ; merely ; only ; without any thin°- more. 

BaRE'NE€K£D (-nekt), a. Having the neck uncovered. 

BaRE'NESS, n. Nakedness ; leanness ; poverty ; indigence ■ 
defect of clothes. 

BaRE'PICKED (-pikt), a. Picked to the bone— Shak 

BIRE'RIBB.ED, a. Lean.— Shak. 

BAR'ET, n. A cardinal's cap. 

BaR'FUL, n. Full of obstructions. — Shak. 

BaPi/GAIN (bar'gin), n. [Fr. barguigner.] 1. An agreement 
between parties concerning the sale of property. 2. A 
gainful transaction; as, an excellent bargain. — Coxuper. 

3. Purchase, or the thing purchased. 4. The final result , 
as, to make the best of a bad bargain. — Syn. Contract ; 
stipulation ; purchase ; engagement. 

BaR'GAIN, v. i. To make a contract or agreement. 

BaR'GAIN, v. t. To sell ; to transfer for a consideration. 

BAB--GAIN-EE', n. The party in a contract who receives or 
agrees to receive the property sold. 

BAR'GAIN-ER, n. The party in a contract who stipulates 
to sell and convey property to another. 

BARGE (barj), n. [D. bargie.] 1. A pleasure-boat ; a vessel 
or boat of state, elegantly furnished. 2. A flat-bottomed 
vessel of burden, for loading and unloading ships. 

BaRgE'-BoARD, n. A term applied to inclined projecting 
boards placed at the gable of a building, and hiding the 
horizontal timbers of the roof. 

BARGE'— GoUP-LiiS, n. pi. In architecture, two beams mor- 
tised the one into the other, to strengthen the building. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c. long— I, e, I, &c, short— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;_MARiNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



BAR 



85 



BAR 



BaB.GE'-CoURSE, n. In bricklaying, a part of the tiling 
wnich projects beyond the principal rafters. 

BaRgE'MAN. n. The man who manages a barge. 

BaRGE'MaS-TER, n. The proprietor of a barge, conveying 
goods for hire. 

BaRg'ER, n. The manager of a barge. 

Bi'RI-A, n. Baryta, which see. 

BA-RIL'LA, n. [Sp.] 1. A plant cultivated in Spain for its 
ashes, from which the best kind of mineral alkali is ob- 
tained. 2. The alkali procured from this plant, which is 
an impure carbonate of soda. 

BaR/-i-RON (i-urn), n. Iron wrought into malleable bars. 

BAR'I-TONE. See Barytone. 

Ba'RI-UM, n. The metallic basis of baryta, which is an oxyd 
of barium. — Davy. 

BaRK, n. [Dan. bark.] 1. The rind or exterior covering of 
a tree, corresponding to the skin of an animal. 2. By way 
of distinction, Peruvian bark, and also tanner's bark. 

BaRK, v. t. To peel ; to strip off bark. Also, to cover or 
inclose with bark. 

BARK, ) n. [It. bare ; Fr. barque.} A small ship ; but, 

BARQ.UE, } appropriately, a ship wliich carries three masts 
without a mizzen top-sail 

BaRK, v. i. [Sax. beorcan.] 1. To make the noise of dogs, 
when they threaten or pursue. 2. To clamor at ; to pur- 
sue with unreasonable clamor or reproach. 

BaRK, n. The peculiar noise made by a dog, wolf, &c. 

BaRK'-BaRjED, a. Stripped of the bark.— Mortimer. 

BaRK'-BED, n. A hot-bed made, at the bottom, of tanner's 
bark. — Booth. 

BaRK'-BOUND, a. Having the bark too firm or close, as 
with trees. 

BaRK£D (barkS), pp. Stripped of the bark ; peeled ; also, 
covered with bark. 

BARKER, n. One who barks, or clamors unreasonably ; 
one who strips trees of their bark. 

BaRK'ER-Y, n. A tan-house.— Booth. 

BaRK'-GALLJD, a. Having the bark galled, as with 
thorns. 

BiRKING, ppr. Stripping off bark ; covering with bark ; 
making the noise of dogs ; clamoring. 

BaRK'ING-i-RONS (l-urnz), n.pl. Instruments used in ta- 
king oflf the bark of trees. 

BaRK'-ITT, n. A tan- vat. 

BaRK'-STo VE, n. A glazed structure for securing tropical 
plants from the cold, having a bed of tanner's bark, or 
other fermentable matter, which produces moist beat 

BaRKT, a. Consisting of bark ; containing bark. — Shak. 

BaR'LEY, n. [W. barlys.] A species of grain, used espe- 
cially for making malt, from which are prepared distilled 
liquors of extensive use ; as beer, ale, and porta: 

BaR'LEY-BRaKE, n. A rural play ; a trial of swiftness. 

BaR'LEY-BROTH, n. A low word for strong beer. 

BaR'LEY-€ORN, n. A grain of barley ; the third part of 
an inch in length ; hence originated our measures of 
length. 

BIR'LEY-MO W, n. A mow of barley, or the place where 
barley is deposited. 

BaR'LEY-SUG-AR (barle-shug'ar), n. Sugar boded till it 
is brittle (formerly with a decoction of barley), and can- 
died with orange or lemon peel. 

BaR'LEY-WA'TER, n. A decoction of barley. 

BIRM, n. [Sax. beorm.] Yeast ; the scum rising upon beer, 
or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as 
leaven. 

BaRM'Y, a. Containing barm, or yeast. — Shak. 

BaRN, n. [Sax. berern.] A covered building for securing 
grain, hay, flax, and other productions of the earth. In 
the Northern States of America, the farmers generally use 
barns for stabling their horses and cattle ; so that, among 
them, a barn is both a corn-house, or grange, and a stable. 

t BaRN, v. t. To lay up in a bam. — Shak. 

BaR'NA-CLE, ti. [Port, bernaca.] 1. A shell-fish, which is 
often found on the bottoms of ships, rocks, and timber, 
below the surface of the sea. 2. A species of goose, found 
in the northern seas, but visiting more southern climates 
in winter. 3. In the plural, an instrument to put upon a 
horse's nose, to confine him, for shoeing, bleeding, or 
dressing. 

BaRN'-DoOR, n. The door of a barn.— Milton. 

BAR'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. (3 a pos and hdos.] Carbonate of 
barytes. 

BA-ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. fiapos and fxtrpov.} An instrument 
for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere. 
Its uses are to indicate changes of weather, and to deter- 
mine the altitude of mountains. 

BAR-O-METRIC-AL, a. Pertaining or relating to the ba- 
rometer ; made by a barometer. 

BAR-O-MET'RIC-AL-LY, adv. By means of a barometer. 

BAR'O-METZ, n. The Scythian Lamb, a singular vege- 
table production among the ferns, which, from its shaggy 
nature and position, has the appearance of a crouching 



BAR'ON, n. [Fr. baron; Sp. baron, or varan; It, oaroi^e.] 

1. In Great Britain, a title or degree of nobility ; a lord ; a 
peer ; one who holds the rank of nobility next below that 
of a viscount. 2. Baron is a title of certain officers ; as, 
barons of the exchequer. — Barons of the Cinque Ports, are 
members of the House of Commons, elected by the seven 
Cinque Ports. — 3. In law, a husband ; as, baron and feme, 
husband and wife. — 4. In cookery, a baron of beef consists 
of two sirloins of beef not cut asunder. — Smart. 

BAR'ON-AGE, n. 1. The whole body of barons or peers. 

2. The dignity of a baron. 3. The land which gives title 
to a baron. — Johnson. 

BAR'ON-ESS, n. A baron's wife or lady. 

BAR'ON-ET, n. [Fr. ; dimin. of baron.} A dignity or degree 
of honor next below a baron, and above a knight ; having 
precedence of all knights except those of the~garter, and 
being the only knighthood that is hereditary. 

BAR'ON-ET-AGE, ?i.~ The collective body of baronets. 

BAR'O-NET-CY, n. The condition or rank of a baronet. 

BA-Ro'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to a baron. — Encyc. 

BAR'O-NY, n. 1. The lordship, honor, or fee of a baron, 
whether spiritual or temporal. 2. In Ireland, a territorial 
division, corresponding nearly to the English hundred. 
There are 252 in all, and they are supposed to mark the 
territory of the early chiefi ains. 

BAR'O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. fiupos ond oicozeu.] An instrument 
to show the weight of the atmosphere ; superseded by the 
barometer. 

BAB.'0-SCOPTG, a. Pertaining to or determined by the 
baroscope. 

BAR-O-SEL'E-NlTE, n. [Gr. (3ap»s, or papvs, and selenite.] 
A mineral ; sulphate of baryta, or heavy spar. 

BA-RoUcHE' (ba-roosh'), n. A four-wheel carriage, with a 
falling top and seats as in a coach. 

BaR'-PoSTS, n.pl. Posts sunk into the ground, to receive 
the bars of a passage-way into a field. 

BAR'RA, n. In Portugal and Spain, a long measure for 
cloths. — Encyc. 

BAR-RA-Ca'DA, n. A fish, about fifteen inches in length, 
of a dusky color on the back, and a white belly, with 
small black spots. 

BARHA-GAN, n. [It. baracane.] A thick, 6trong stuff, some- 
thing like camlet ; used for cloaks, &c. 

BAR/RACK, n. [Sp. barraca ; Fr. baraque.] A hut or house 
for soldiers, especially in garrison. 

BAR'RAGK-MaS'TER, n. The officer who superintends 
the barracks of soldiers. — Swift. 

BAR'RA-COON. n. In Africa, a fort. 

BAR-RA-€uT)A, n. A species of fish, of the pike kind. 

BAR'RAS, n. The resin, which exudes from wounds madt 
in the bark of fir-trees. — Brande. 

BARHA-TOR, n. [Old Fr. barat.] 1. One who frequently 
excites suits at law ; an encourager of litigation. 2. The 
master of a ship, who commits any fraud in the manage 
ment of the ship. 

BAR'RA-TROUS, a. Guilty of barratry. 

BARTtA-TROUS-LY, adv. In a barratrous manner. 

BARHA-TRY. n. 1. The practice of exciting and encour 
aging lawsuits and quai-rels. — 2. In commerce, any species 
of cheating or fraud, in a shipmaster, by which the own 
ers or insurers are injured. 

BaRR-ED (bard), pp. Fastened with a bar ; hindered ; re- 
strained ; excluded ; forbidden ; striped ; checkered. 

BAR'REL, n. [W. Fr. baril ; Sp. barril.] 1. A round vessel 
or cask, of more length than breadth, and bulging in the 
middle, made of staves and heading, and bound with 
hoops. 2. The quantity which a barrel contains. 3. Any 
thing hollow and long ; as, the barrel of a gun ; a tube. 4. 
A cylinder ; as, the barrel of a watch. 5. A cavity behind 
the tympanum of the ear is called the barrel of the ear 

BAR'REL, v. t. To put in a barrel ; to pack in a barrel 

BAR'REL-BEL'LI£D, a. Having a large belly. 

BARRELED, pp. Put or packed in a barrel. 

BAR'REL^D, a. Having a barrel or tube. 

BAR'REL-ING, ppr. or n. Putting or packing in a barrel 

BAR'REN, a. 1. Not producing young, or ofl'spring ; ap- 
plied to animals. 2. Not producing plants ; unfruitful ; 
sterile ; not fertile ; or producing little ; unproductive. 3. 
Not producing the usual fruit ; applied to trees, &c. 4. 
Not copious ; scanty. 5. Not containing useful or enter 
taining ideas. 6. Unmeaning ; uninventive ; dull. 7. Un 
productive ; not inventive. Barren flowers, in botany, are 
those which either have stamens, but no pistils, or which 
have neither stamens nor pistils. 

BAR'REN, ii. 1. In the western states, a word used to denote 
a tract of land, rising a few feet above the level of a plain, 
and producing trees and grass. — Atwater. 2. Any unpro 
ductive tract of land. — Drayton. 

BARTtEN-LY, adv. Unfruitfully. 

BAR'REN-NESS, n. 1. The quality of not producing its 
kind ; want of the power of conception. 2. Unfruitftu- 
ness ; sterility ; infertility. 3. Want of invention ; want 
of the power of producing any thing new. 4. Want of 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BAS 



86 



BAS 



matter ; 6cantiness. 5. Defect of emotion, sensibility, or 
fervency ; as, barrenness of spiritual feeling. — Taylor. 

BAR'REN-SPIB. IT-ED, a. Of a poor spirit.— Shak. 

BARTcEN-WoRT, n. A plant, constituting the genus epi- 
medium. 

BiRR'FUL, a. Full of obstructions. — Shak. See Barful. 

BAR-RI-€IDE', n. [Fr. barricade.] 1. A fortification made 
in haste, of trees and earth, in order to obstruct the prog- 
ress of an enemy. 2. Any bar or obstruction ; that which 
defends. 

B &R-RI-€ IDE', v. t. 1. To stop up a passage ; to obstruct. 

2. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the ap- 
proach of an enemy. 

BAR-RI-€aT)0. The same as barricade. 
BAR'RI-ER, n. [Fr. barriered] 1. In fortification, a kind of 
fence made in a passage. — Encyc. 2. A wall for defense. 

3. A fortress or fortified town on the frontier of a country. 

4. Any obstruction ; any thing which confines, or which 
hinders approach, or attack. 5. A bar to mark the limits 
of a place ; any limit, or boundary ; a line of separation. 

BaR'RING, ppr. Making fast with a bar ; obstructing ; ex- 
cluding ; preventing ; prohibiting ; crossing with stripes. 
It is also used for excepting ; as, " barring accidents, I war- 
rant the goods to be sound." The word thus used is truly 
a participle, though reckoned by some among prepositions. 

BaR'RING-OUT, n. Exclusion of a person from a place ; 
especially of a schoolmaster from his school-room, a boy- 
ish sport in the English schools. — Swift. 

BAR'RIS-TER, n. A counselor, learned in the laws, quali- 
fied and admitted to plead at the bar. 

BAR'RoW, n. [Sax: berewe.] 1. A light, small carriage. A 
hand-barrow is a frame covered in the middle with boards, 
and borne by and between two men. A wheel-barrow is a 
frame with a box, supported by one wheel, and rolled by 
a single man. 2. A wicker case, in salt-works, where the 
salt is put to drain. 

BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. berga, or beorgh.] 1. In England, a 
hog ; and, according to Ash, obsolete. Barrow grease is 
hog's lard. — 2. In America, a male hog castrated ; [a word 
in common use.] 

BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. beara, or bearewe.] In the names of 
places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove. 

BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. beorg.] A hillock, or mound of earth, 
intended as a repository of the dead. 

BaRSE, n. An English name for the common perch. 

BaR'-SHoE, n. A kind of horseshoe, designed to protect a 
tender frog from injury. 

BaR'SHOT, n. Double-headed shot, consisting of a bar, 
with a half ball or round head at each end. 

BXR'TER, v. i. [Sp. baratar.] To traffic or trade, by ex- 
changing one commodity for another. 

BaR'TER, v. t. To give one thing for another in commerce. 

BARTER, n. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange 
of commodities. — Syn. Exchange ; dealing ; traffic ; truck ; 
interchange. 

BIRTER.ED, pp. Given in exchange. 

BaRTER-ER, n. One who traffics by exchange of com- 
modities. 

BiRTER-ING, ppr. Trafficking or trading by an exchange 
of commodities. 

fr BARTER- Y, n. Exchange of commodities in trade. 

BaR-THOL'O-MEW-TiDE, n. Time of the festival of St. 
Bartholomew, August 24th. — Shak. 

BaRTI-ZAN, n. A small overhanging turret, projecting 
from the walls of ancient fortifications. 

BaR'TON, n. [Sax. bere-ton.] The demain lands of a manor ; 
the manor itself, and sometimes the out-houses. 

B A.RTRAM, n. [L. pyrethrum.] A plant ; pellitory. 

BIR'WOOD, n. A red dye-wood from Africa. 

BAR-Y-STRONTIAN-lTE, n. [Gr. (lafivs, and strontian.] 
A mineral, called also stromnite, from Stromness, in Ork- 
ney. It is a compound of carbonate of strontian and 
sulphate of baryta. 

BA-Ry'TA, n. [Gr. jSapus, heavy.] The heaviest of the 
earths, the specific gravity being as high as 4. It is an 
oxyd of barytum, or barium. 

BA-RY'TeS, n. [Gr. (jnpvrvs, weight.] Sulphate of baryta, 
generally called heavy spar, which see. 

BA-RYTTG, a. Pertaining to barytes ; formed of barytes, or 
containing it. — Kirwan. 

BA-RY'TO-€AL'ClTE, n. A compound of carbonate of 
lime with carbonate of barytes, of a dark, or light-gray 
color. 

BARYTONE, a. [Gr. fapvs and tovoS-] Pertaining to, or 
noting a grave, deep sound, or male voice. — Walker. 

BARYTONE, n. 1. In music, a male voice, the compass 
of which partakes of the common base and the tenor. — 2. 
In Greek grammar, a word which has no accent marked 
on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood. 

BA-RY'TUM, n. A metal, the basis of baryta. See Barium. 

Ba'SAL, a. Pertaining to the base ; constituting the base. 

BA-SALT, n. A rock of igneous origin, consisting of the 
minerals augite and feldspar, with grains of magnetic or 



titanic iron, and bottle-green particles of olivin. It is usu 
ally of a greenish-black color, or some dull brown shade 
or black. 

BA-SALT'1€, a. Pertaining to basalt ; formed of or contain- 
ing basalt. 

BA-SALTI-FORM, a. In the form of basalt ; columnar. 

BA-SALT'lNE, n. 1. A variety of common hornblende, 
found in basalt and lavas ; f the term is not now used.] 2. A 
column of basalt. 

BAS'A-NiTE, n. [Gr. [Saoavos.] Lydian stone, or black 
jasper ; a variety of siliceous or flinty slate. 

BIS BLEUE' (ba-blew'), n. [Fr.] A literary lady; a blue- 
stocking, which see. 

BaSE, a. [Fr. bas, low; W. bas ; It. basso.] 1. Low in 
place, [obs.] — Spenser. 2. Mean ; vile ; worthless ; that is, 
low in value or estimation ; used of things. 3. Of low 
station ; of mean account ; without rank, dignity, or esti 
mation among men ; used of persons. 4. Of mean spirit . 
disingenuous ; illiberal ; low ; dishonorable ; without dig 
nity of sentiment. 5. Of little comparative value ; applied 
to metals. 6. Deep ; grave ; applied to sounds. 7. Of ille- 
gitimate birth ; born out of wedlock. — Shak. 8. Not held 
by honorable tenure. 

BaSE, n. [Gr. (3am s ; L. basis.] 1. The bottom of any thing, 
considered as its support, or the part of a thing on which 
it stands or rests. — In architecture, the base of a pillar 
properly is that part which is between the top of a pedes- 
tal and the bottom of a shaft. — Encyc. 2. The part of any 
ornament which hangs down, as housings. 3. The broad 
part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone. 4. The place 
from which racers or tilters start ; the bottom of the field : 
the starting-post. 5. The lowest or gravest part in music. 
6. A rustic play, called also bays, or prison bars. — 7. in ge- 
ometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure. — 8. In 
war, a fortified line from which the operations of an army 
proceed. — 9. In chemistry, that with which an acid unites 
to form a compound ; or, more exactly, the electro-posi- 
tive ingredient of a salt. — 10. In botany, the base of a leaf 
is the extremity next the stem ; the base of fruit is the 
part where it rests on the peduncle. — 11. Thorough base, 
in music, is continued base ; the fundamental base contin- 
ued throughout a composition. Also, the accompaniment 
of a continued base, marked by figures on the base. The 
term is likewise used, like counterpoint, as synonymous 
with the science of harmony. 

BaSE, v. t. 1. To embase ; to reduce the value by the ad- 
mixture of meaner metals. — Bacon, [little used.] 2. To 
found ; to lay the base or foundation.— Edinburgh Review 

BaSE'-BORN, a. 1. Born out of wedlock. 2. Born of low 
parentage. 3. Vile; mean. 

BaSE'-€oURT. n. [Fr. basse-cour.] The back yard, opposed 
to the chief court in front of a house ; the farm-yard. 

BaS-ED (baste), pp. Reduced in value ; founded. 

BaSE'-HEaRT-ED (base'-hart-ed), a. Vile in heart. 

BaSE'LESS, a. Without a base ; having no foundation, or 
support. 

BaSE'LY, adv. 1. In a base manner; meanly; dishonora 
_bly. 2. Illegitimately ; in bastardy. 

BaSE'MENT, n. In architecture, the ground floor of a build- 
ing, which is often sunk a story below the level of the 
_street. 

BaSE'-MIND'ED, a. Of a low spirit or mind ; mean. 

BaSE'-MiND'ED-LY, adv. With a base mind. 

BaSE'-MiND'ED-NESS, n. Meanness of spirit. 

BaSE'NESS, n. 1. Meanness ; vileness ; worthlessness. 2. 
Vileness of metal ; the quality of being of little compara- 
tive value. 3. Bastardy ; illegitimacy of birth. 4. Deen- 
ness of sound. 

BAS'E-NET, n. A helmet.— Spenser. 

BaSE'-SoULED (base'-sold), a. Vile in soul. 

BaSE'-SPIR-IT-ED, a. Low in courage ; mean ; cowardly. 

BaSE'-STRING, n. The string of an instrument which 
produces the lowest note. 

BaSE'-Vi-OL, n. A musical instrument, used for playing 
the base, or gravest part. See Bass- Viol. 

BASH, v. i. [Heb. ©li.] To be ashamed ; to be confounded 
with shame. — Spenser. 

BA-SHAW, n. [Ar. basha ; Pers. pasha ; Sp. baxa ; It. bascia; 
Turk, basch.] 1. A title of honor in the Turkish domin- 
ions ; appropriately, the title of the prime vizier, but given 
to viceroys, or governors of provinces, and to generals, 
and other men of distinction. 2. A proud, tyrannical, over- 
bearing man. 

BASHFUL, a. 1. Properly, having a downcast look ; hence, 
very modest. 2. Modest to excess ; diffident ; sheepish. 
3. Exciting shame. 

BASH'FULrLY, adv. Very modestly ; in a timorous man 
ner. 

BASH'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Excessive or extreme modesty; a 
quality of mind often visible in external appearance, as in 
blushing, a downcast look, confusion, &c. 2. Vicious or 
rustic shame. 

BASH'LESS, a. Shameless ; unblushing. — Spenser, v 



: See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



BAS 



87 



BAS 



BASTilr LE. See Basyle. 

Ba'SIC, a. 1. Relating to a base ; performing "the office of 
a base in a salt. 2. A term applied to a neutral salt in 
which the base is in excess, or constitutes a large propor- 
tion of the salt — Kane. 

Ba'SI-Fi-ER, n. That which converts into a salifiable base. 

Ba'SI-F?, v. l. To convert into a salifiable base. 

Ba'SI-Fy-LNG, ppr. Converting into a salifiable base. 
BAS-I-GYN'I-UM, n. [Gr. (3amS and yvvrj.] The pedicel on 
which the ovary of certain flowers is situated. 

BiSTL, n. The slope or angle of a tool or instrument, as 

of a chisel or plane. 
BASIL, v. t. To grind or form the edge of a tool to an angle. 

BAS'IL, n. [Fr. basilic; It. basilico.} A highly aromatic 
plant, allied to thyme, used in salads and soups, especially 
in mock-turtle soup, which derives from this pot-herb its 
peculiar flavor. — Farmer's Encyc. 

BAS'IL, n. The skin of a sheep tanned ; written also basan. 

BASiL-AR ? a. [See Basilic.] Chief ; an anatomical term 

BAS'IL-A-RY, 5 applied to several bones, and to an artery 
of the brain. 

BA-SLL'IAN MONKS, monks of the order of St. Basil. 

BA-SIL'IC, In. [Gv. j3aaiXiKr).) Anciently, a public hall, 

BAS-IL1-CA, J or court of judicature, where princes and 
magistrates sat to administer justice. The tenn basilica is 
now applied to some of the great churches of Rome. 

BA-SILTG, > n. The middle vein of the arm, or the in- 

BA-SIL'I-€A, 5 terior branch of the axillary vein. 

BA-SIL'IC, ? a. 1. Belonging to the middle vein of the 

. BA-SIL1C-AL, I arm. 2. Noting a particular nut, the wal- 
nut 3. Being in the manner of a public edifice, or ca- 
thedral. 

3A-SIL1-CON, n. [Gr. (la<ji\iico<;.) An ointment 

BAS'I-LISK, n. [Gr. (JaoiXtoKos.) 1. A fabulous serpent, 
called a cockatrice. The tenn is now applied to the spe- 
cies of a genus of lizards (basilicus). — 2. In military affairs, 
• a large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed re- 
semblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size. 

BASIL-WEED, n. Wild basil a slightly aromatic plant of 
_the genus chenopodium. — Muhlcnburg. 

Ba'S/N (ba'sn), n. [Fr. bassin.] 1. A hollow vessel or dish, 
to hold water for washing and for various other uses. — 
2. In hydraulics, any reservoir for water. 3. That which 
resembles a basin in containing water, as a pond. — i. In 
geology, a depression in strata, forming a hollow. — 5. In 
physical geography, a circular or oval valley ; also, the en- 
tire tract of country drained by some river. — 6. Among 
glass grinders, a concave piece of metal, by which convex 
glasses are formed. — 7. Among hatters, a large shell or 
case, usually of iron, placed over a furnace, in which the 
hat is molded into due shape. — In anatomy, a round cavity 
between the anterior ventricles of the brain. — 9. The scale 
of a balance, when hollow and round. 

BI'SiNUD (ba'snd), a. Inclosed in a basin. — Young. 

Ba'STN-SHaP'^D (-shapt), a. Having the form or shape 
of a basin. 

Ba'SIS, n. ; pi. Bases., [L.] 1. The foundation of any thing ; 
that on which a thing stands or lies ; the bottom or foot 
of the thing itself, or that on which it rests. [See Base.] 
2. The ground-work, or first principle ; that which sup- 
ports. 3. Foundation ; support. 4. Basis, in chemistry. 
See Base. 

Ba'SIST, n. A singer of base. 

BISK, v. i. To he In warmth ; to be exposed to genial heat ; 
to be at ease and thriving under benign influences. 

BaSK, v. t. To warm by continued exposure to heat ; to 
warm with genial heat. — Dryden. 

BISKED (baskt), pp. Exposed to warmth or genial heat. 

BaSK'ET, n. [W. basged, or basgawd.] 1. A domestic ves- 
sel made of twigs, rushes, splinters, or other flexible things 
interwoven. 2. The contents of a basket ; as much as a 
basket will contain. 

BaSK'ET. v. t. To put in a basket. — Cowper. 

BASKET-FISH, n. A species of sea-star, or star-fish. 

BaSK'ET-HILT, n. A hilt of a sword which covers the hand 
with a kind of basket-work, and defends it from injury. 

BaSKET-HILTED, a. Having a hilt of basket-work. 

BaSK'ET-SALT, n. A very pure kind of salt, put up in 
small baskets. 

BaSK'ET-WoM'AN, n. A woman who carries a basket to 
and from market 

BASKING, ppr. Exposing or lying exposed to the contin- 
ued action of heat or genial warmth. 

BaSKING-SHaRK, n. The sun-fish of the Irish, a large 
species of shark inhabiting the northern seas. 

BaS'QUISH (bask'ish), a. Pertaining to the people or lan- 
guage of Biscay. 

BaS-RE-LLeF' (ba-re-leef). See Bass-relief. 

BaSS, 7i. [it has no plural.] The name of several species 
of fish, much esteemed for food. 

BaSS, n. 1. The American name of the linden, lime, or tiel 
tree ; called also bass-wood. 2. [pro. bas.] A hassock or 
thick mat on which persons kneel at church. 



BaSS, n. In music, the base ; the lowest part in the harmo 
ny of a musical composition. This word is thus written 
in imitation of the Italian basso, which is the English base, 
low ; yet with the pronunciation of basi and plural bases ; 
an error that ought to be corrected, as the word used in 
pronunciation is the Enghsh word base. 

BaSS, v. t. To sound in a deep tone. — Shak. 

BJ£SS-RE-LIeF' (bas-re-leef), n. [It. basso and relievo.] 
Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far from the 
ground or plane on which they are formed. When fig- 
ures do not protuberate so as to exhibit the entire body, 
they are said to be done in relief; and when they are low, 
flat, or little raised from the plane, the work is said to be 
in low relief. When the figures are so raised as to be 
strikingly prominent they are said to be bold, strong, or 
high, alto relievo. See Relief. 

BaSS'-Vi-OL (base'-vi-ol), n. A musical instrument, used 
for playing the bass or gravest part 

BAS'SA. See Bashaw. 

BAS'SET, n. [Fr. bassette.] A game at cards. 

BAS'SET, v. i. Among coal-diggers, to incline upward, as 
strata. 

BAS'SET, a. Inclined upward ; as, the basset edge of strata. 

BAS'SET-HORN, n. A musical instrument resembling a 
clarinet, but of much greater compass. 

BAS'SET-ING, ppr. Having a direction upward. 

BAS'SET-ING, n. The upward direction of a vein in a coal 
mine. 

BAS-SETTO, n. A tenor or small base-viol. 

BAS'SIN-ET, n. A wicker basket, with a hood over one 
end, in which infants are placed, as in a cradle. — Encyc. of 
Bom. Econ. 

BaSS'-MAT, n. Matting made of the inner bark of trees, 
particularly the lime-tree. 

BAS'SOGK, n. The same as bass, a mat. 

BAS'SO-GON-CERT-AN'TE. In music, the base of the lit- 
tle chorus, or that which plays throughout the whole piece 

BASSO-€ON-TIN'U-0. Thorough base, which see under 
Base. 

BAS-SOON', ii. [Fr. basson.] A musical wind instrument 
blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, which 
are stopped as in other large flutes. 

BAS-SOON'IST,_rc. A performer on the bassoon. 

BASSO-RE-LlJZ'VO. See Bass-relief. 

BAS'SO-RE-PIe'NO is the base of the grand chorus, which 
plays only occasionally, or in particular parts. 

BAS'SO-RINE, n. A substance found in gum bassora, ati 
also in gum tragacanth and some other substances. 

BAS'SO-Vi-O-Li'NO is the base of the base-viol. 

BaST, n. 1. The inner bark of the lime-tree ; and hence 
matting or cordage made of this material. 2. A hassock 
or thick mat to kneel on in churches. — Ashe. 

BASTARD, n. [Arm. bastard ; Iv.basdard; Fr. bdtard.] A 
natural child ; a child begotten and born out of wedlock ; 
an illegitimate or spurious child. 

t BASTARD, n. A kind of sweet wine. — Shak. 

BASTARD, a. 1. Begotten and born out of lawful matri- 
mony ; illegitimate. 2. Spurious ; not genuine ; false ; 
supposititious ; adulterate ; counterfeit. 

BASTARD, v. t. To make or determine to be a bastard 

BASTARD-ISM, n. The state of a bastard. 

BASTARD-lZE, v. t. 1. To make or prove to be a bastard , 
to convict of being a bastard ; to declare legally, or decide 
a person to be illegitimate. 2. To beget a bastard. — Shak. 

BASTARD-LY, adv. In the manner of a bastard ; spurious- 
ly. — Donne. 

BASTARD-LY, a. Spurious.— Bp. Taylor. 

BASTARDS, n. pi. An appellation given to a faction or 
troop of bandits, who ravaged Guienne, in France, in the 
14th century. 

BAS'TARD-WLNG, n. In ornithology, a term applied to 
from three to five quill-like feathers rising from the middle 
part of a bird's wing. 

BASTARD-Y, n. A state of being a bastard, which condi- 
tion disables the person from inheriting an estate. 

BAS-TIRNTC, a. Pertaining to the Bastarnez. — Bastarnic 
Alps, the Carpathian Mountains, so called from the ancient 
inhabitants, the Bastarna. 

B1STE, v. t. [Arm. baz ; Fr. baton.] 1. To beat with a stick. 
2. To drip butter or fat upon meat as it turns upon the 
spit m roasting ; to moisten with fat or other liquid. 

BISTE, v. t. [Sp. bastear.] To sew with long stitches; to 
sew slightly. 

BaST'ED, pp. Beat with a stick ; moistened with fat or oth- 
er matter in roasting ; sewed together with long stitches, 
or slightly. 

IBIST'ER, it. A blow with a stick or other weapon.— 
Wagstaff. 

BASTlLE (bas't* -% n. [Fr. bdtir, bastir.] An old castle in 
Paris, built bei. m 1369 and 1383, used as a state prison 
It was dernoli*- ~A in 1789. 

f BA^TI-MENT ' 

t BASTI-MENT-* i n ' ^^ ^ r ' ^ ast ^ ment -] A rampart 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.--€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BAT 



BAT 



^AS-TI-NaDE', } n. [Fr. bastonnade. | A sound beating with 
BAS-TI-Na'DO, 5 a stick or cudgel ; the blows given with 

a stick or staff". A punishment in use among the Turks, of 

beating an offender on the soles of his feet. 

B4S-TI-NrD0' \ v - L To beat ^^ a stick or eud g el - 

BISTTNG, ppr. Beating with a stick ; moistening with drip- 
_ping ; sewing together with long stitches. 

BaSTLNG, n. A beating with a stick; a moistening with 
dripping ; a sewing together slightly with long stitches. 

BASTION (bas'chun), n. [Fr. and Sp. bastion.] A huge 
mass >f eartb, usually faced with sods, sometimes with 
brick or stones, standing out from the angles of a fortified 
work to defend the wall ; formerly called a bulwark. 

BAS'TO, n. The ace of clubs at quadrille. 

BAS'TON, I n. In architecture, a round molding in the base 

BA-TOON', > of a column ; called, also, a tore. 

BAS'yLE, n. [Gr. (Sams and vXrj.] In chemistry, a term re- 
cently employed to denote any electro-positive ingredient 
of a compound, whether elementary or compounded, per- 
forming the functions of an element. The term radical 
has the same meaning. See Radical. 

BAT, n. [Sax. bat.] 1. A heavy stick, broad at the lower 
end, and used to strike the ball in the game of cricket. 2. 
Bat or bate, a small copper coin of Germany. 3. A term 
given by miners to shale, or bituminous shale. 4. A sheet 
of cotton prepared for quilting into garments, bedding, &c. 

BAT, v. i. To manage a bat, or play with one. 

BAT, n. A mammiferous annual {cheiroptera, a hand and 
wing), having a body resembling that of a mouse. The 
fore feet have the toes connected by a membrane, expand- 
ed into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals 
fly. The species are numerous. 

BITA-BLE, a. Disputable. 

BAT-ARD-EAU (bat-ard-o'), n. [F.] A coffer-dam, which 
see._ 

BA-Ta'TAS, n. A species of tick or mite. 

BA-TI'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Holland, or the isle of Betaw 
in Holland. 

BA-Ta'VI-AN, ii. A native of Betaw, or Holland. 

BAT'-FOWL-ER, n. One who practices or is pleased with 
bat-fowling. — Barrington. 

B AT'-FOWL-ING, n. A mode of catching birds at night, by 
holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or 
perch where they roost. 

BAT-HIUNT-ED, a. Haunted with bats.— Wordsworth. 

BATCH, h. [D. bakzel.] 1. The quantity of bread baked at 
one time ; a baking of bread. 2. Any quantity of a thing 
made at once, or so united as to have like quafitiesi 

BATCH'E-LOR. See Bachelor. 

BaTE, n. [Sax. bate.] Strife ; contention ; retained in make- 
bate. [Bate, with its derivatives, is little used.] 

BITE, v. t. [Fr. battre.] To lesson by retrenching, deduct- 
ing, or reducing. We now use abate. 

BaTE, v. i. To grow or become less ; to remit or retrench 
a part. — Dryden. 

BA-TEAU (bat-t60, n. [Fr.] A fight boat, long in propor- 
tion to its breadth, and wider in the middle than at the 
ends. 

t BITE'-BREED-ING, a. Breeding strife.— Shak. 

BaTE'FUL, a. Contentious ; given to strife. 

BITE'LESS, a. Not to be abated.— Shak. 

BaTE'MENT, n. Abatement ; deduction ; diminution. 

"RAT'FNTSTS ' \ n - P^- ■*■ sect °* apostates from Moham- 

BA-TeW-ANS, S medism - 

t BATFUL, a. Rich, fertile, as land.— Mason. 

BATH, n. [Sax. bath, batho.] 1. A place for bathing ; a vat 
or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash their 
bodies in, and is either warm or cold. 2. A place in which 
heat is applied to a body immersed in some substance ; as, 
a vapor bath, a sand bath, &c. 3. A house for bathing. 4. Im- 
mersion in a bath ; as, to take a bath. 5. A Hebrew meas- 
ure, containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and 
four pints, as a measure for liquids ; and three pecks and 
.three pints, as a dry measure. 

B ITH, Order of the, n. A high order of British knighthood, 
consisting of three classes, viz., knights grand crosses, 
knights commanders, and- knights companions, abbrevia- 
ted thus : G B C, K B C, and K B.—P. Cyc. 

BITH'-BRI€K, n. A preparation of calcareous earth in the 
form of a brick, used for cleaning knives. 

BITHE, v. t. [Sax. bathian.] 1. To wash the body, or some 
part of it, by immersion, as in a bath. 2. To wash or moist- 
en, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or for cleans- 
ing, as a wound. 3. To moisten or suffuse with a liquid. 

BITHE, v. i. To be or lie in a bath ; to be in water or in 
other liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid. 

BITHE, n. The immersion of the body in water ; as, to take 
one's usual bathe. — Ed. Rev. 

BITHED, pp. Washed, as in a bath ; moistened with a liq- 
uid ; bedewed. 

BITH'ER, n. One who bathes. 



BITH'ING, ppr. Washing by immersion, or by applying a 
jiquid; moistening; fomenting. 

BaTHTNG, n. The act of bathing, or washing the body in 
water. — Mason. 

BITHING-TUB, n. A vessel for bathing. 

BATHORSE (bawliorse), n. A horse allowed a batman in 
_the British army for carrying the utensils in his charge. 

Ba'THOS, n. [Gr. [iado;.] A ludicrous descent from the 
elevated to the mean in writing or speech, 

BaTH'-ROOM, n. An apartment for bathing. 

BATING, ppr. Abating; taking away; deducting; except 
ing. — Locke. 

BAT'IN-IST. See Batenites. 

BAT'IST, n. A fine linen cloth. 

BATLET, n. A small bat, or square piece of wood with a 
handle, for beating linen. 

BAT'MAN (baw'man), n. A person allowed to each com- 
pany of the British army on foreign service, who has the 
charge of the cooking utensils, &c. 

BAT'MAN, n. A weight used in Smyrna. 

Ba-TON' (ba-tong'), ) n. [Fr. baton.] A staff or trunch- 

BAT-OON' (bat-toon'), j eon. Hence, 1. A marshal's staff; 
a badge of the highest military honor. 2. The badge or 
truncheon of inferior officers of justice ; as, the baton of a 
constable. — 3. In music, a term denoting a rest of four sem- 
ibreves. — 4. In heraldry, the baton is used to denote illegiti- 
mate birth. 

BA-TRI'€HI-A, n. pi. [See Batbachian.] Animals of the 
frog kind, including toads, salamanders, and other reptiles 
having a naked body with two or four feet. 

BA-TRa'€HI-AN, a. [Gr. fiarpaxos-] Pertaining to frogs ; 
an epithet designating an order of animals, including frogs, 
toads L &c. 

BA-TRI'-GHI-AN, n. An animal of the order above mentioned. 

BAT'RA-GHOID, a. [Gr. l3urpa X oS and udos.] Having the 
form of a frog. 

BATRA-GHOM-Y-OM'A-CHY, n. [Gr. (iarpaxoi, nvs, and 
na\v-] The battle between the frogs and mice ; a bur- 
lesque poem ascribed to Homer. 

BAT-RA-CHOPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. (SarpaxoS and <paya>.] 
Feeding on frogs. — Qjiart. Rev. 

BATS'MAN, n. In cricket and similar games, the one who 
wields the bat. 

BAT'TA, n. An allowance made to military officers in the 
East India Company in addition to their pay. 

t BAT'TA-BLE, a. Capable of cultivation. 

t BATT AIL-ANT, n. A combatant.— Shelton. 

BAT'TAIL-OUS, a. Warlike ; having the form or appear- 
ance of an army arrayed for battle. 

BAT-TaL'IA (bat-tale'ya), n. [Sp. batalla.] 1. The order ot 
battle ; troops arrayed in their proper brigades, regiments, 
battalions, &c, as for action. 2. The main body of an 
army in array, distinguished from the wings. 

BAT-TAL'ION, n. [Fr. bataillon.] A body of infantry, con- 
sisting of from 500 to 800 men. 

BAT-TAL/ION.ED, a. Formed into battalions.— Barlow. 

BATTEL (baftl), n. [See Battle.] In law, wager of bat- 
tel, a species of trial for the decision of causes between 
parties. 

BAT'T-EL, v. i. 1. To grow fat ; [not in use.] [See Batten.] 
2. To stand indebted in the college books at Oxford for 
provisions and drink from the buttery. Hence, 3. To re- 
side at the university ; to keep a term. 

BATTEL, n. 1. An account of the expenses of an Oxford 
student at the buttery. Hence, 2. Provisions from the 
buttery. 

t BATTEL, a. Fertile; fruitful.— Hooker. 

t BATT.EL-ER, n. 1. One who stands indebted on the col- 
lege books at Oxford for provisions and drink. Hence, 2. 
One who keeps terms, or resides at the university. 

t BAT'TE-MENT, n. [Fr.] A beating; striking; impulse. 

BATT.EN (bat'tn), v. t. 1. To fatten ; to make fat ; to make 
plump by plenteous feeding. 2. To fertilize or enrich land. 

BATT.EN, v. i. To grow or become fat ; to live in luxury 
or to grow fat in ease and luxury. 

BAT'TJSN, n. A piece of board or scantling of a few inches 
in breadth. 

BAT'TJSN, v. t. To form or fasten with battens. To batten 
down, to fasten down with battens nailed across, as tha 
hatches of a ship in a storm. 

BAT'T.EN-.ED (baftend), pp. 1. Formed with battens. 2. 
Become fat. 

BAT'TiSN-ING, n. 1. The act of attaching battens to walla 
for nailing up laths. 2. The battens thus attached. 

BAT'TER, v. t. [Fr. battre.] 1. To beat with successive 
blows ; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or de 
molish. 2. To wear or impair with beating, or by use ; as, 
a battered jade, a battered beau. 3. To attack with engines 
of war, as cannon, battering-rams^ &c. 

BATTER, v. i. A term applied to walls whose surface 
slopes gently from the person who views it. When it 
slopes toward him, it is said to overhang. 

BATTER, n. A mixture of several ingredients, as flour, 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, % i, & c ., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;- MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE. POOK, 



BAW 



89 



BE 



eggs, salt, &c, beaten together with some liquor, used in 
cookery. 

BATTERED (baf terd), £p. Beaten; bruised; broken; im- 
paired by beating or wearing. 

BAT'TER-ER, n. One who batters or beats. 

BATTER-IN G, ppr. Beating ; dashing against ; bruising or 
demoUshihg by beating. 

BAT'TER-ING-RAM, n. In antiquity, a military engine 
used to beat down the walls of besieged places. 

BATTER- Y, n. [Fr. batterie.] 1. The act of battering or 
beating. 2. The instrument of battering. — 3. In the mil- 
itary art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners, and 
others employed about them, from the enemy's shot, with 
the guns employed. — 4. In law, the unlawful beating of 
another. — 5. Electrical battery, a number of coated jars 
placed in such a manner that they may be charged at the 
same time, and discharged in the same manner. — 6. Gal- 
vanic battery, a pile or series of plates, of copper and zinc, 
or of any substances susceptible of galvanic action. 

BATTING, n. The management of a bat at play. 

BATTING, n. Cotton, in sheets, prepared for quilts, &c. 

BATTISH^a. Resembling a bat.— Vernon. 

BATTLE, n. [Fr. bataille.] 1. An encounter between ene- 
mies, or opposing armies. 2. A body of forces, or division 
of an army. — Syn. Engagement ; fight ; contest ; conflict ; 
combat 

BATTLE, v. i. [Fr. batailler; Sp. batallar.] To join in bat- 
tle ; to contend in fight. 

BATTLE, v. t. To cover with armed force. 

BATTLE-AR-RaY', n. Array or order of battle ; the dis- 
position of forces preparatory to a battle. 

BATTLE-AX, n. An ax anciently used as a weapon of war. 

BATTLE-DoOR (baftl-dore), n. 1. An instrument of play, 
with a handle and a flat board or palm, used to strike a 
ball or shuttle-cock; a racket. 2. A child's horn-book. 
[Not in use in U. S.] 

BATTLE-MENT, n. A wall raised on a building with open- 
ings oi embrasures, or the embrasure itself. 

BATTLE-MENT-ED, a. Having battlements. 

BATTLE ROY'AL, n. A fight with fists or a club, in which 
more than two persons' are engaged. The term is also 
applied to a fight of more than two game cocks at once. 
— A pitched battle is one in which the armies are previous- 
ly drawn up in form. — A drawn battle is one in which nei- 
ther party gains the victory. 

BATTLING, n. Conflict.— Thomson. 

BAT-TOL'O-GlST, n. One who repeats the same thing in 
speaking or writing. [Little used.] 

BAT-TOL'O-GlZE, v. t. To repeat needlessly the same thing. 
— Herbert. [Little used.] 

BAT-TOL'O-gY, n. [Gr. j3aTTo\oyia.] A needless repetition 
of words in speaking. 

BATTON, n. The same as batten, which see. 

BATTO-RY, n. Among the Hanse-Towns, a factory or mag- 
azine_in foreign countries. 

BATTuE, n. [Fr.] A beating up of game ; the game beat- 
en up. 

BATTU-LITE, v. t. To interdict commerce. 

BAT-TU-LITION, n. A prohibition of commerce. 

BAT-TOTA, n. [It.] The measuring of time by beating. 

BATTY, a. Belonging to a bat.— Shak. 

BiTZ, n. A small Swiss coin, worth about four cents, or 
two pence sterling. 

BAU-BEE', n. In Scotland and the North of England, a half- 
penny. 

BAUBLE, n. A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that 
which is without real value. See Bawble. 

BAUGE, n. A drugget manufactured in Burgundy, with 
thread spun thick, and of coarse wool. 

BAULK. See Balk. 

BAV'A-ROY, n. A kind of cloak or surtout. 

BAVIN, n. A stick like those bound up in fagots ; a piece 
of waste wood. — In war, fagots of brush-wood. 

BAWBLE, n. [Fr. babiole.] A trifling piece of finery ; a 
gewgaw ; that which is gay or showy without real value. 
For fool's bawble, see Fool. 

1 BAWB'LING, a. Trifling ; contemptible.— Shak. 

BA.W-COCK, n. A fine fellow.— Shak. 

BAWD, n. A procurer or procuress. A person who keeps 
a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues. 

BAWD, v. i. 1. To procure ; to provide women for lewd 
purposes. 2. To foul or dirty.— Skelton, [not in use.] 

BAWD'-BORN, a. Descended from a bawd.— Shak. 

BAWD'I-LY, adv. Obscenely ; lewdly. 

BAWD'I-NESS, n. Obscenity; lewdness. 

BAWD'RICK, n. [See Baldrick.] A belt— Chapman. 

BAWD'RY, n. 1. The practice of procuring women for the 
gratification of lust 2. Obscenity ; filthy, unchaste lan- 

Juage. 3. Illicit intercourse ; fornication. — Shak. 
WDY, a . Obscene ; filthy ; unchaste. 
BAWD'Y-HOUSE, n. A house of prostitution. 
BAWL, v. i. [Sax. bellan.] To cry out with a loud, full 
sound ; to hoot ; to cry loud, as a child. 



BAWL, v. t. To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier. 

BAWL'£D, pp. Proclaimed by outcry. 

BAWL'ER, n. One who bawls.— Echard. 

BAWL'ING, ppr. Crying aloud. 

BAWLTNG, n. The act of crying with a loud sound. 

BAWM > 

BAWN ' \ v ' *" T ^° a d orn ; to dress. — Westmoreland, Eng 

t BAWN, n. An inclosure with mud or stone walls for keep- 
ing cattle ; a fortification. 

BA W'REL, n. A kind of hawk.— Todd. 

BAW'SIN, n. A badger. — Ben Jonson. 

BAX-TE'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Baxter. 

BaY, a. [Fr. bai or baie.] Red, or reddish ; mclining to a 
chestnut color ; applied to the color of horses. 

BaY, n. [Fr. baie; Sp. Port, bahia.] 1. An arm of the sea, 
extending into the land, not ot any definite form, but 
smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. 2. A pond- 
head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driv- 
ing mill-wheels. — 3. In a barn, a place between the floor 
and the end of the building, or a low, inclosed place for 
depositing hay. Brande. — 4. In ships of war, that part on 
each side between decks which lies between the bitts. 5. 
Any kind of opening in walls. 

BaY, n. 1. The laurel-tree. 2. Bays, in the plural, an hon- 
orary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory, 
anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel. — 
3. In some parts of the United States, a tract of land cov- 
ered with bay-trees. — Drayton. 

BaY, n. At bay ; to keep at bay, denotes to ward off an at- 
tack ; to keep an enemy from closing in ; watching ; as, to 
keep a man at bay. [When a stag turns upon the dogs 
he keeps them at bay or barking [see To Bay], since they 
dare not close in upon him ; hence comes the meaning of 
the phrase, viz., to ward off an attack ; to keep an enemy 
from closing in. — Rich. Diet.] 

BaY, v. i. [Fr. aboyer ; It. baiare.] 1. To bark, as a dog at 
his game.— Spenser. 2. To encompass, or inclose, from 
bay. We now use embay. 

BaY, v. t. To bark at ; to follow with barking. 

BaY'-BER-RY, n. The fruit of the bay-tree. In some parts 
of the United States the name is applied to the fruit of the 
wax-myrtle, and to the plant itself. 

BaY'-BER-RY TAL'LoW, n. A waxy substance obtained 
from the bay-berry, or wax-myrtle ; called, also, myrtle 
_wax. 

BaY'-RUM, n. A spirit obtained by distilling the leaves oi 
_the bay-tree. 

BaY'-SALT, n. Salt which crystallizes or receives its con- 
sistence from the heat of the sun or action of the air. 

BIY'-TREE, n. A species of laurel. 

BaY'-WINTJOW, n. A window jutting out from the wall, 
as in shops. 

BaY'-YaRN, n. A denomination sometimes used promis- 
cuously with woolen yarn. — Chambers. 

BaYARD, n. 1. A bay horse. — Philips. 2. An unmannerly 
beholder. — Ben Jonson. 

BIY'ARD-LY, a. Blind; stupid— Taylor. 

B5Y.ED, a. Having bays, as a building. 

BaY'O-NET, n. [Fr. baionette ; Sp. bayoneta ; It. baionetta ; so 
called, it is said, because the first bayonets were made at 
Bayonne.] 1. A short, pointed, broad dagger, fixed at the 
end of a musket. 2. In machinery, a term applied to pins 
which play in and out of holes made to receive them, and 
which thus serve to engage or disengage parts of the ma- 
chinery. 

B AY'O-NET, v. t. 1. To stab with a bayonet. 2. To compel 
or drive by the bayonet. — Burke. 

BAY'oU (by'oo), n. [Fr. boyau, a gulf.] In Louisiana, the 
outlet of a lake ; a channel for water flowing out of a river 
into the lower country adjoining. 

ll¥zE.\ SeeBA ™- 

BA-ZIR, ? n. [Pers. ; Russ. bazari.] 1. In the East, an ex- 

BA.-ZAAR', ) change, marketplace, or place where goods 
of various kinds are exposed to sale. — 2. In Europe, a spa- 
cious hall or suite of rooms, fitted up with separate count- 
ers or stands, for the sale of goods. 

BAZ'AT, \n. A long, fine-spun cotton from Jerusalem, 

BAZ'A, j whence it is called Jerusalem cotton. 

BDELL'IUM (del'yum), n. [L.] A gum-resin, produced by a 
tree in the East Indies. It is semi-ppllucid, and not unlike 
myrrh in appearance, of a bitterish taste, and moderately 
strong smell. 

BE, v.i. substantive; p-pr.being; pp. been. [Sax.beou; G.bin, 
bist; D. ben.] 1- To be fixed; to exist; to have a real 
state or existence. 2. To be made to be ; to become. 3. 
To remain. This verb is used as an auxiliary in forming 
the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving to 
them the passive form. — Let be, is to omit, or to let alone. 

BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck, is the same 
word as by ; Sax. be, big ; Goth. bi. It denotes nearness, 
closeness, about, on, at, from some root signifying to pass 
or to press. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; 8 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BEA 



90 



BEA 



BkACH, n. The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is 
washed by the tide and waves ; the strand. 

BkACH'^D (beecht), a. 1. Exposed to the waves; washed 
by the tide and waves. — Shalt. 2. Stranded or driven on a 
beach ; as, the ship is beached. 

BeACH'Y, a. Having a beach or beaches. — Shak. 

BeA'-GON (be'kn), n. [Sax. beacen, becen.] 1. A signal erect- 
ed on an eminence, consisting of a pitch barrel, or some 
combustible matter, to be fired at night, or to cause a 
smoke by day, to make known the approach of an enemy. 
2. A signal erected on rocks or shoals to warn of danger. 
Hence a light-house is sometimes called a beacon. 3. Fig- 
uratively, that which gives notice of danger. 

BIA'-GON, v. t. To afford light as a beacon ; to light up. 

BeA'€ON-A6E (be'kn-aje), n. Money paid for the mainte- 
nance of a beacon. — Encyc. — Ash. 

BeA'€ON-£D (be'knd), pp. or a. Lighted as by a beacon ; 
having a beacon. 

BEAD, n. [Ger. bethe ; Sax. bead.] 1. A little perforated 
ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn about the neck 
for ornament. 2. Any small globular body ; hence a bub- 
ble on spirits is called a bead. 3. A small piece of metal 
on a gun-barrel to take sight by. — Among Roman Catholics, 
a string of beads is used in saying prayers, a bead being' 
dropped at the! close of each Pater Noster ; hence, to be at. 
one's beads, or to tell one's beads, is to be at prayer. — 4. In 
architecture, a round molding. 

BeA'DLE, n. [S&x..bydel, or badel.] 1. A messenger or crier 
of a court ; a servitor ; one who cites persons to appear 
and answer. 2. An officer in a university, whose chief 
business is to walk with a mace, before the masters, in a 
public procession ; or, as in America, before the president, 
trustees, faculty, and students of a college. 3. A parish 
officer, whose business is to punish petty offenders. 

BeA'DLE-SHIP, n. The office of a beadle. 

BeAD'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes beads. 

BeAD'-PROOF, a. Spirit is bead-proof when, after shaking, 
a crown of bubbles will stand on the surface. 

Be AD'-RoLL. n. Among Roman Catholics, a hst or catalogue 
of persons, for the rest of whose souls they are to repeat 
a certain number of prayers, which they count by their 
beads. 

BeAD'-TREE, ti. The azedarach, a species (Amelia. 

BeADS'-MAN, n. A man employed in praying, generally in 
praying for another, dropping a bead at each prayer. 

BSADS'-WoM'AN, n. A praying woman ; a woman who 
resides in an alms-house. — Ash. 

BEA'GLE (be'gl), n. [Fr. bigle.] A small hound, or hunting 
dog, formerly kept to hunt hares. They are now chiefly 
superseded by harriers. 

SkAK, n. [D. bek.] 1. The bill or nib of a bird. 2. A point- 
ed piece of wood, fortified with brass, resembling a beak, 
fastened to the end of ancient galleys, intended to pierce 
the vessels of an enemy. 3. Any thing ending in a point, 
like a beak. This, in America, is more generally pronounc- 
ed peak. 

BeAK, v. t. Among cock -fighters, to take hold with the 
beak. ' % 

BeAK'jED (beekt), a. Having a beak ; ending in a point, like 
a beak. 

BeAK'ER, n. [Ger. becher.] A cup or glass. 

BeAK'I-RON (beekl-urn), n. A bickern ; an iron tool, end- 
ing in a point, used by blacksmiths. 

BeAL, n. A pimple; a whelk; a small inflammatory tu- 
mor ; a pustule. 

BeAL, v. i. To gather matter ; to swell and come to a head, 
_as a pimple. 

BEAM, n. [Sax. beam.] 1. The largest, or a principal piece 
of timber in a building, that hes across the walls, and 
serves to support the principal rafters. 2. Any large piece 
of timber. 3. The part of a balance, from the ends of 
which the scales are suspended. 4. The part on the head 
of a stag which bears the antlers, royals, and tops. 5. The 
pole of a carriage, which runs between the horses. 6. A 
cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weav- 
ers wind the warp before weaving ; and this name is given 
also to the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is 
wove. 7. The straight part or shank of an anchor. — 8. In 
ships, a great, main, cross timber, which holds the sides of 
a ship from falling together. A ship is on her beam ends 
, when thrown over on one side till the beams of the deck 
stand upright. 9. The main piece of a plow, in which the 
plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn. 

BEAM, n. [Sax. beam.] A collection of rays emitted from 
the sun, or other luminous body. 

BEAM, v. t. To send forth ; to emit : followed ordinarily by 
forth ; as, to beam forth fight. 

BEAM, v. i. To emit rays of light, or beams ; to shine. 

BeAM'£D, a. The head of a stag is said to be beamed when 
all its antlers are put forth. 

BEAM'-BiRD, n. A small European bird, which often builds 
: ts nest on the end of a beam or rafter in a building ; also 
called the spotted fly-catcher. — Ed. Encyc. 



BeAM-Fe ATH'ER (-fefh'er), n. One of the long feathers ill 
the wing of a hawk. — Booth. 

Be AM'-FILL'ING, n. The filling in of mason-work betweeD 
beams or joists. 

BE AM'ING, ppr. or a. Emitting rays of light, or beams. 

BEAMING, n. 1. Radiation ; the emission or darting of light 
in rays. 2. The issuing of intellectual light ; as, the beam- 
ings of genius. 

BeAM'LESS, a. Emitting no rays of fight. 

BeAM'-TREE, n. 1. A species of wild-service. The Cratae- 
gus aria. 2. A tree bearing a very tough wood, used for 
beams. 

BE AM'Y, a. 1. Emitting rays of light ; radiant ; shining. 2. 
Resembling a beam in size and weight ; massy. 3 Hav- 
ing horns, or antlers. 

BE AN, n. [Sax. bean.] A well-known kind of pulse, which 
is among the most nutritious of vegetable productions. 

BeAN'~€a-PER, n. A plant, a species of zygophyllum, a na 
tive of warm climates. 

BeAN'-€OD, n. A small fishing vessel or pilot-boat. 

BeAN'-FED, a. Fed with beans.— Shak. 

BeAN'-FLy, n. A beautiful fly, of a pale purple color. 

BeAN'-GOOSE, n. A species of anas, a bird. 

BeAN'-TRe'FOIL. The cytisus.— Earn, of Plants. 

BeAN'-TRES-S£L, n. An herb. 

BEaR (bare), v. t. ; vret.bore: pp. born, borne. [S&x.baran, 
beran, beoran.] 1. To support ; to sustain, as a weight. 2. 
To carry ; to convey ; to support and remove from place 
to place. 3. To wear ; to bear as a mark of authority or 
distinction ; as, to bear a sword. 4. To keep afloat, as a 
ship. 5. To support or sustain without sinking or yield- 
ing ; to endure. 6. To entertain ; to carry in the mind, 
as ill-will. 7. To suffer ; to undergo. 8. To suffer with- 
out resentment, or interference to prevent ; to have pa- 
tience. 9. To admit or be capable of; as, the words will 
bear but one meaning. 10. To bring forth or produce, as 
the fruit of plants, or the young of animals. 11. To give 
birth to, or be the native place of. 12. To possess and 
use as power ; to exercise. 13. To gain or win, [obs.] 14. 
To carry on, or maintain ; to have ; as, to bear a part. 15 
To show or exhibit ; to relate ; as, to bear witness. 16. To 
sustain the effect, or be answerable for. 17. To sustain, as 
expense ; to supply the means of paying. 18. To be the 
object of. 19. To behave ; to act in any character. — Shak 
20. To remove, or to endure the effects of; and, hence, to 
give satisfaction for. 

To bear off, is to restrain ; to keep from approach ; and, in 
seamanship, to remove to a distance. — To bear down, is to 
impel or urge ; to overthrow or crush by force. — To bear 
down upon, to press to overtake ; to make all sail to come 
up with. — To bear hard, is to press or urge: — To bear on, 
is to press against ; also, to carry forward, to press, incite, 
or animate. — To bear through, is to conduct or manage ; 
to support. — To bear out, is to maintain and support to the 
end ; to defend to the last. — To bear up, to support ; to 
keep from falling. — To bear up, to keep afloat. — To bear 
date, is to have the mark of time when written or execu- 
ted.- — To bear a price, is to have a certain price. — To bear 
a hand, in seamanship, is to make haste, be quick. — To 
bear in hand, is to carry along with one, and hence, to de- 
lude with unfounded hopes. — Shak. 

BEAR, v. i. 1. To suffer, as with pain. 2. To be patient ; 
to endure. — Dryden. 3. To produce, as fruit ; to be fruit- 
ful. 4. To press, with on ; as, to bear heavily on the spir- 
its. 5. To take effect; to succeed. 6. To act in any 
character. 7. To be situated as to the point of compass. 
8. To relate or refer to, with on; as, how does this bear 
on the question ? 9. To have weight on the neck, as oxen 
attached to the neap of a cart. 10. To convey intelli- 
gence, as letters. — W. Scott. 

To bear away, in navigation, is to change the course of a ship, 
when close-hauled, or sailing with a side wind, and make 
her run before the wind. — To bear up, is used in a like 
sense, from the act of bearing up the helm to the wind- 
ward. — To bear down, is to drive or tend to. — To bear in, 
is to run or tend toward. — To bear up, is to tend or move 
toward ; to be supported ; to have fortitude. — To bear 
upon, or against, is to lean upon or against. — To bear 
against, to approach for attack or seizure. — To bear upon, 
to act upon ; to be pointed or situated so as to aft'ect : 
hence, figuratively, to operate or press ; as, to bear hard 
upon an antagonist. — To bear with, to endure what is un- 
pleasing ; to be indulgent. 

BEaR, n. [Sax. bera ; Ger. bar.] 1. A wild quadruped, of 
the genus ursus. 2. The name of two constellations in 
the northern hemisphere, called the greater and lesser 
bear. In the tail of the lesser bear is the pole-star. — 
Bears and bulls, cant terms applied to persons who gam- 
ble in stocks. The bear contracts to deliver, at a specified 
future day, stock which he does not own ; the bull con- 
tracts to take it. Hence, in the intervening time, it is the 
interest of the former to depress stocks, as the bear pulls 
down with his strong paws, and of the latter to raise 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY :— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoV E, BQQK. 



BEA 



91 



BEA 



Uiem, as tlte bull throws upward with his horns. When 
the day arrives, the loser pays the difference between the 
price of stock then and before. 

BEaR, In. A kind of barley, cultivated in Scotland, and 

BE RE, 5 the north of England and Ireland, called also big, 
but less esteemed than the common sort. 

BEaR'A-BLE, a. That can be borne ; tolerable.— Ed. Rev. 

BEaR'A-BLY, adv. In a bearable manner. — Westm. Rev. 

BEaR'-BaIT'ING, n. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. 

BEaR'-BER'RY, n. A medicinal plant, the uva ursi. 

BEIR'-BlND, n. A species of bind-weed. 

BEaR'-€LOTH, \n. A cloth in which a new-born 

BEaR'ING-€LOTH, 5 child is covered when carried to 
church to be baptized. 

BEaR'-FLy, n. An insect. — Bacon. 

BEaR'-GaR-DJEN, n. 1. A place where bears are kept for 
sport or fighting. Hence, 2. A rude, turbulent assembly. 

BEaR'-GaR-D£N, a. Rude ; turbulent.— Todd. 

BEaR'-HERD, n. A man who tends bears. — Shak. 

BEaR'S'-BREECH, n. Brank-ursine, or acanthus, a genus 
of plants. 

BEaR'S'-e AR, n. A name of primula auricula. 

BEaR'S'-eAR SAN'I-GLE, k. A species of cortusa. 

BEaR'S'-FOQT, n. A plant, a species of hellebore., 

BEaR'S'-GReASE, n. The fat of bears, an article extens- 
ively used for promoting the growth of hair. 

BEIR'S'-W6RT, n. A plant.— Shak. 

BEaR'- WHELP, n. The whelp of a bear.— Shak. 

1 BEARD (beerd), n. [Sax. beard ; D. baard.] 1. The hair 
that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the face. 
A gray beard and reverend beard, are terms for old age. 
2. Beard is sometimes used for the face. 3. The awn, or 
sharp prickles on the ears of corn. 4. A barb, or sharp 
point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward 
from the end, to prevent its being easily drawn out. 
5. The beard or chuck of a horse, is that part which bears 
the curb of a bridle, underneath the lower mandible and 
above the chin. 6. The rays of a comet, emitted toward 
that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems 
to direct it. 7. The gills or breathing organs of the oyster, 
and other bivalves, are vulgarly called the beard ; and also 
the fine threads or hairs of the muscle and similar shell-fish. 

* BeARD (beerd), v. t. 1. To take by the beard ; to seize, 
pluck, or pull the beard. 2. To oppose to the face ; to set 
at defiance. 

* BeARD'-GRaSS, n. A plant, the andropogon. 

* BeARD'ED (beerd'ed), a. 1. Having a beard. 2. Barbed 

or jagged, as an arrow. 

* BeARD'ED (beerd'ed), pp. Taken by the beard; opposed 
to the face. 

* BeARD'ING (beerd'ing), ppr. Taking by the beard ; op- 
posing to the face. 

* BEARD'LESS (beerdless), a. Without a beard ; young ; 
not having arrived to manhood. 

* BEARD'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 

destitute of beard. 

BEaR'ER, n. [See Bear.] 1. In a general sense, one who 
bears, sustains, or carries. 2. One who, carries a package 
or letter, often called the bearer. 3. One who bears a 
corpse to the grave, at a funeral. 4. One who wears any 
thing, as a badge or sword. 5. A tree or plant that yields 
its fruit. — 6. In architecture, a post or brick wall between 
the ends of a piece of timber, to support it. — 7. In herald- 
ry, a figure in an escutcheon, placed by the side of a shield, 
and seeming to support it. 

BEARING, ppr. Supporting ; carrying ; producing. 

BEARING, n. 1. The manner in which a person bears or 
conducts himself. — Shak. 2. The situation of an object, 
with respect to another object ; hence, relation, connec- 
tion ; as, the bearings of a subject. — 3. In architecture, the 
distance or length which the ends of a piece of timber 
rest upon, or are inserted into the wall which supports it. 
Bearing of a timber, the length or distance from one of its 
points of support to another. — 4. In navigation, the situa- 
tion of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as 
on the bow, on the lee-quarter, &c. — 5. In heraldry, coats 
of arms, or figures of armories. — Syn. Deportment ; ges- 
ture ; mien ; behavior ; direction ; relation ; tendency ; 
influence. 

BEARISH, a. Partaking of the qualities of a bear. 

BEaR'LiKE, a. Resembling a bear.— Shak. 

BEaRN, n. [Sax. beam ; Goth, barn.] A child. In Scot- 
land, bairn. — Shak. 

BEIR'SKIN, n. 1. The skin of a bear. 2. A shaggy wool- 
en cloth for overcoats. 

BEIR'WARD, n. A keeper of bears.— Shak. 

BEAST (beest), n. [Ir. Mast, piasd ; Corn, bist ; D. beest ; 
L. bestia; Fr. bete.] 1. Any four-footed animal, which 
may be used for labor, food, or sport ; distinguished from 
birds, insects, fishes, and man. 2. An irrational animal. — 
3. Figuratively, a brutal man. 4. A game at cards ; hence, 
to beast. 

BeAST, v. t. A term at cards. 



BeAST'INGS. See Biestings. 

BeAST'ISJH, a. Like a beast ; brutal. 

BeAST'LiKE, a. Like a beast; brutal. 

BE AST'LI-NESS. n. Brutality ; coarseness ; vulgarity , filtft- 
iness ; a practice contrary to the rules of humanity. 

BEASTLY, a. I. Like a beast. 2. Having the form or na- 
ture of a beast. — Syn. Brutal ; bestial ; brutish ; coarse ; 
filthy. 

t BEASTLY, adv. In the manner of a beast. 

BEAT (beet), v. t. ; pret. beat; pp. beat, beaten. [Sax. beatan.\ 
1. To strike repeatedly ; to lay on repeated blows. 2. To 
strike an instrument of music ; to play on. 3. To break, 
bruise, comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding 
4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable sub- 
stance ; or to hammer into any form ; to forge. 5. To 
strike bushes ; to shake by beating, or to make a noise to 
rouse game. 6. To thresh ; to force out corn from the 
husk by blows. 7. To break, mix, or agitate by beating. 

8. To dash or strike, as water ; to strike or brush, as wind. 

9. To tread, as a path. 10. To overcome in a battle, con- 
test, or strife ; to vanquish or conquer. 11. To harass ; to 
exercise severely ; to overlabor. 

To beat down, to break, destroy, throw down ; to press down. 
— Shak. To lower the price ; to depress or crush. — To 
beat back, to compel to retire or return. — To beat into, to 
teach or instill. — To beat up, to attack suddenly ; to alarm 
or disturb. — To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with 
fluttering agitation. — To beat off, to repel or drive back. — 
To beat the hoof, to walk ; to go on foot. — To beat time, to 
measure or regulate time m music by the motion of the 
hand or foot. — To beat out, to extend by hammering. In 
popular use, to be beat out, is to be extremely fatigued. — 
Syn. To strike ; pound ; bang ; buflet ; maul ; drub ; 
thump ; baste ; thwack ; thrash ; pommel ; break ; bruise ; 
bray; conquer; defeat; vanquish; overcome. 
BEAT, v. i. 1. To strike at intervals, as the pulse or a 
watch. 2 To dash with force, as a storm, flood, passion, 
&c. 3. To knock at a door. 4. To fluctuate; to be in 
agitation. 
To beat about, to try to find ; to search by various means or 
ways. — To beat upon, to act upon with violence. — To beat 
up for soldiers, is to go about to enlist men into the army. 
— In seamanship, to beat is to make progress against the 
direction of the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or trav- 
erse. — With hunters, a stag beats up and down when he 
runs first one way and then another. 
BEAT, n. 1. A stroke ; a striking ; a blow, whether with 
the hand or with a weapon. 2. A recurring stroke ; a pul- 
sation. 3. The rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regula- 
ting tlie divisions of time in music. 4. A transient grace- 
note in music, struck immediately before the note it is in- 
tended to ornament. 5. A round or course which is fr^ 
quenbly trodden ; as, a watchman's beat. Hence, 6. A 
place of habitual or frequent resort. 
BEAT, 1pp. Struck; dashed against; pressed or laid 
BEAT'^EN, ) down ; hammered ; pounded ; vanquished ; 

made smooth by treading ; worn by use ; tracked. 
BeAT'ER, n. 1. One who beats, or strikes ; one whose oc- 
cupation is to hammer metals. 2. An instrument for 
pounding, or comminuting substances. 
BeAT'ER-UP, n. One who beats for game. 
t BEATH, v. t. To bathe.— Spenser. 

BE-A-TIF'I€, ? a. [L. beatus and facio.] That has the 
BE-A-TIFT6-AL, 5 power to bless or make happy ; used 

only of heavenly fruition after death ; as, beatific vision. 
BE-A-TIF'IG-AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to complete 

happiness. 
BE-AT-I-FI-€a'TION, n. In the Roman Catholic Church, an 
act of the pope, by which he declares a person beatified 
or blessed after death. It is the first step toward canoni- 
zation. 
BE-AT'I-FY, v. t. [L. beatus and facio.] 1. To make happy ; 
to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment. 2. In 
the Roman Catholic Church, to declare, by a decree or 
public act, that a person is received into heaven, and is to 
be reverenced as blessed, though not canonized. 
BeAT'ING, ppr. Laying on blows ; striking ; dashing 
against; conquering; pounding; sailing against the direc 
tion of the wind, &c. 
BE ATTN G, n. The act of striking or giving blows ; punish 
ment or chastisement by blows ; conquering ; sailing' 
against the direction of the wind. 
BE-AT'1-TUDE, n. [L. beatitudo.] 1. Felicity of the highest 
kind ; consummate bliss ; [used of the joys of heaven]. 
2. The declaration of blessedness made by our Savior to 
particular virtues. — Syn. Blessedness ; felicity ; happiness. 
BEAU (bo), n. ; pi. Beaux. [Fr. beau.] A man of dress ; a 
fine, gay man ; one whose great care is to deck his person. 
In familiar language, a man who attends a lady. 
BEA U-I-DE'AL (uo-i-de'al), n. [Fr.] A conception or image 
of consummate beauty, formed in the mind, free from all 
the deformities, defects, and blemishes which nature ex- 
hibits. 



DOVE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BEC 



92 



BED 



BEAU'ISH (bo'ish), a. Like a beau ; foppish ; fine. 

BEAU-MONDE' (bo-mond'), n. [Fr. beau and monde.] The 
fashionable world ; people of fashion and gayety. — Prior. 

BEAu'TE-OUS (bu'te-us), a. Very fair; elegant in form; 
pleasing to the sight ; beautiful ; very handsome. It ex- 
presses a greater degree of beauty than handsome, and is 
chiefly used in poetry. 

BEAu'TE-OUS-LY, adv. In a oeauteous manner ; in a man- 
ner pleasing to the sight ; beautifully. 

BEAu'TE-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
beauteous ; beauty. 

BEAu'TI-Fl-ED, pp. Adorned ; made beautiful. 

BEAu'TI-Fl-ER, it. He or that which makes beautiful. 

BEAu'TI-FUL, a. 1. Having qualities that delight the eye. 
It expresses more than handsome. 2. Having the qualities 
which constitute beauty, or that which pleases the senses 
other than the sight, or which please the mind; as, a 
beautiful sound, a beautiful assemblage of virtues. — 
Syn. Lovely ; charming ; beauteous ; elegant ; fair ; hand- 
some ; comely ; graceful. 

BEAu'TI-FUL-LY (bu'te-ful-ly), adv. In a beautiful manner. 

BEAO'TI-FUL-NESS (bu'te-ful-nes), n. Elegance of form ; 
beauty ; the quality of being beautiful. 

BEAu'TI-FY (bu'te-fi), v. t. [beauty, and L.fatio.] To make 
or render beautiful ; to add beauty to. — Syn. To adom ; 
grace ; ornament ; embellish ; deck ; decorate. 

BEAu'TI-FY (bu'te-fi), v. i. To become beautiful ; to ad- 
vance in beauty. — Addison. 

BEAu'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Adorning ; embellishing. 

BEAu'TI-FY-ING, n. The act of rendering beautiful.— Bp. 
Taylor. 

\ BEAu'TI-LESS, a. Without beauty.— Hammond. 

BEAu'TY (bu'ty), n. [Fr. beaute.] 1. An assemblage of 
properties in the form of the person, or any other object, 
which pleases the eye. 2. A particular grace, feature, or 
ornament; any particular thing which is beautiful and 
pleasing. 3. A particular excellence, or a part which 
surpasses in excellence that with which it is united. 4. A 
beautiful person. 5. In the arts, symmetry of parts ; har- 
mony; justness of composition. 6. Joy and gladness. — 
Is., lxi. Order, prosperity, peace, holiness. — Ezek., xvi. 
-Syn. Elegance ; grace ; lovehness ; comeliness ; fair- 
ness ; goodliness ; gracefulness. 

f BEAu'TY (bu'ty), v. t. To adorn ; to beautify or embel- 
lish.— Shak. 

BEAu'TY-SPOT (bu'te-spot), n. A patch ; a foil ; a spot 
placed on the face to heighten beauty. 

BEAu'TY-WIN'ING, a. Declining in beauty.— Shak. 

BeA'VER (be'ver), n. [Sax. befor.] 1. An amphibious quad- 
ruped, of the genus castor, valuable for its fur, and remark- 
able for its ingenuity in constructing its lodges or habita- 
tions. 2. The fur of the beaver, and a hat made of the 
fur. 3. A part of a helmet that covers the face, made 
jointed, so that the wearer could raise it to drink ; hence 
the name, from the old French bever, to drink. 

BeA'VEILED, a. Covered with or wearing a beaver. 

Be A'VER-TEEN, n. A kind of fustian cloth. 

I- BE-BLEED', v. t. To make bloody.— Chaucer. 

\ bIIlSoDT cKdy), } V - ' T ° make ^oodj.-Sheldon. 
f BE-BLOT', v. t. To blot ; to stain.— Chaucer. 
BE-BLUB'BER.ED, a. Foul or swelled with weeping. 
BE€-A-Fi'GQ, n. A fig-pecker ; a bird like a nightingale, 

which feeds on figs. 
BE-GALM' (be-cam'), v. t. 1. To still ; to make quiet ; to 

appease ; to stop, or repress motion in a body. 2. To 

keep from motion for want of wind, as a ship. 
BE-CaLM'.ED (be-camd'), pp. or a. 1. Quieted ; appeased. 

2. Hindered from motion or progress by a calm. 
BE-GaLM'ING (be-cam'ing), ppr. Appeasing ; keeping from 

motion or progress. 
BE-GALM'ING (be-cam'ing), n. A calm at sea. 
BE-CaME', pret. of become. See Become. 
BE-CAUSE'. [Sax. be, for by, and cause.] By cause, or by the 

cause ; on this account ; for the cause which is explained 

in the next proposition ; for the reason next explained. 
BEC-GA-BUN"GA, n. Brooklime speedwell, veronica beca- 

bunga; a plant. 
BEcH'A-MEL, n. A fine white broth or sauce, thickened 

with cream. — Cooley. 
BE-CHaNCE', v. i. To befall ; to happen to.— Shak. 
BE-CHaRM', v. t. To charm ; to captivate. 
Be'CHIC, n. [Gr. j3^t/cu.] A medicine for relieving coughs, 

synonymous with pectoral. 
BECK, n. [Sax. becc] A small brook. — Gray. 
BE€K, n. [Sax. beacn.] A significant nod, or a motion of 

the hand, intended to be understood by some person, 

especially as a sign of command. 
BECK, v. i. To nod, or make a sign with the head or hand. 
BECK, v. t. To intimate a command to ; to notify by a mo- 
tion of the head or hand. 
BECKED (bekt), pp. Called or notified by a motion of the 

heal or hand. 



BECK'ET, n. A thing used in ships to confine loo^a rupes, 

tackles, or spars. 
BECKING, ppr. Directing by a nod or motion of the hand 
BECK/ON (bekTm), v. i. [See Beck.] To make a sign to 

another, by nodding, winking, or a motion of the hand oi 

finger, &c. 
BECK' ON (bekTm), v. t. To make a significant sign to. 
BECK'ON, n. A sign made without words. — Bolingbroke. 
BECKONED, pp. Having a sign made to. 
BEGKON-ING, ppr. Making a significant sign, as a hint, 
t BE-GL1P', v. t. [Sax. beclyppan.] To embrace. 
BE-GLOUD', v. t. To cloud ; to obscure ; to dim. 
BE-€LOUD'ED,£p. Clouded; darkened. 
BE-€LOUD'ING, ppr. Overspreading with clouds ; obscur 

BE-COME' (be-cuni), v. i. ; pret. became ; pp. become. [Sax. 
becuman ; D. bekoomen ; G. bskommen.] 1. To pass from 
one state to another ; to enter into some state or condi- 
tion. 2. To become of, usually with what preceding ; to be 
the fate of; to be the end of; as, what will become of our 
trade ? In the present, it applies to place as well as con- 
dition ; as, what has become of our companion ? 

BE-COME', v. t. In general, to suit or be suitable to ; to be 
congruous to; to befit; to accord with, in character or 
circumstances ; to be worthy of, decent, or proper. 

BE-€6M'ING, ppr. or a., but used rarely or never except as 
an adjective. Belonging to the character, or adapted to 
circumstances. — Syn. Fit ; suitable ; congruous ; meet ; 
appropriate ; befitting ; proper ; comely ; graceful ; decent. 

t BE-GOM'ING, n. Ornament.— Shak. 

BE-G6MTNG-LY, adv. After a becoming or proper manner. 

BE-C6MTNG-NESS, n. Fitness ; congruity ; propriety ; de- 
cency ; gracefulness arising from fitness. 

BE-GRIP'PLE, v. t. To make lame ; to cripple. [Little 

t BE-GURL', v. t. To curl. 

BED, n. [Sax. bed.] 1. A place or an article of furniture to 
sleep and take rest on. 2. Lodging ; a convenient place 
for sleep. 3. Marriage ; matrimonial connection. 4. A 
plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little 
raised above the adjoining ground. 5. The channel of a 
river, or that part in which the water usually flows. 
6. Any hollow place, especially in the arts; a hollow 
place, in which any thing rests. 7. A layer ; a stratum ; 
an extended mass of any thing, whether upon the earth 
or within it. — The bed of a carronade or mortar, is the 
carriage on which it is mounted. — Bed of justice, in France. 
The king was said to hold a bed of justice when, going in 
person to a refractory parliament, and seated on his throne 
(called lit, bed), he caused them to register his decrees. — 
To make a bed, is to put it in order. — To bring to bed, to 
deliver of a child, is rarely used ; but, in the passive form, 
to be brought to bed, that is, to be delivered of a child, is 
common. — To put to bed, in midwifery, is to deliver of a 
child. — From bed and board. In law, a separation of man 
and wife, without dissolving the bands of matrimony, is 
called a separation from bed and board, a mensa et toro. 

BED, v. t. 1. To place in a bed. — Bacon. 2. To go to bed 
with. — Shak., [unusual] 3. To make partaker of the bed. 
— Bacon. 4. To plant and inclose or cover ; to set or lay 
and inclose. 5. To lay in any hollow place, surrounded 
or inclosed. 6. To lay in a place of rest or security, cov- 
ered, surrounded, or inclosed. 7. To lay in a stratum ; 
to stratify ; to lay in order, or flat. 

BED, v. i. To cohabit ; to use the same bed. 

BE-DAB'BLE, v. t. To wet; to sprinkle.— Shak. 

BE-DAB'BL ED, pp. Wet; sprinkled. 

BE-DAB'BLING, ppr. Wetting; sprinkling. 

t BE-DAFF', v. t. To make a fool of.— Chaucer. 

BED'A-GAT, n. The name of the sacred books of the Bood- 
hists in Burmah. — Malcom. 

BE-DAG'GLE, v. t. To soil, as clotnes, by drawing the ends 
in the mud, or spattering them with dirty water. 

BE-DAG'GLED, pp. Soiled by reaching the mud in walk- 
ing; bespattering. 

t BE-DIRE', v. t. To dare ; to defy.— Peele. 

t BE-DaRK', v. t. To darken.— Gower. 

t BE-DaRKEN, v. t. To obscure ; to darken. 

BE-DaRK.EN.ED, pp. Darkened; obscured. 

BE-DASH', v. t. To wet, by throwing water or other liquor 
upon ; to bespatter with water or mud. 

BE-DASH'ED (be-dashf), pp. Bespattered with water or 
other liquid. 

BE-D ASHING, ppr. Bespattering dashing water upon, or 
other liquid. 

BE-DAUB', v. t. To daub over ; to besmear with viscous, 
slimy matter ; to soil with any thing thick and dirty. 

BE-DAUB'ED (be-daubd'), pp. Daubed over ; besmeared. 

BE-DAUB'ING, ppr. Daubing over ; besmearing. 

BE-DAZ'ZLE, v. t. To confound the sight bj too strong a 
light ; to make dim by luster. 

BE-DAZ'ZLED, pp. Having the sight confounded by toe 
strong a light. 



* Se£ Synopsis. A, E, T &c, long.—L, e, i, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



BED 



93 



BEE 



BE-DAZ'ZLING, ppr. Confounding or making dim by a too 
brilliant luster. 

BE-D AZ'ZLING-L1 , adv. So as to bedazzle. 

BED'-BUG, n. A troublesome insect, of an offensive smell, 
cimex lectularius, which infests the crevices of bedsteads, 
&c— P.Cyc. 

BED'-CHaIR, n. A chair with a movable back, which rises 
or falls, to sustain the sick while sitting up in bed. 

BED'CHaM-BER, n. An apartment or chamber for a bed, 
or for sleep and repose. 

BED'-€L5THES, n. pi. Blankets, or coverlets, &c. for 
beds. See Clothes. 

BEDDED, pp. or a. Laid in a bed ; inclosed as in a bed ; 
stratified. 

BED'DER, In. The nether stone of an oil mill.— Chal- 

BE-DETTER, 5 mers. 

BED'DING, ppr. Laying in a bed ; inclosing as in a bed. 

BEDDING, n. A bed and its furniture ; a bed ; the materi- 
als of a bed, whether for man or beast. 

BE-DEAD' (-ded'), v. t. To deaden.— Hallywell. 

BE-DECK', v. t. To deck ; to adorn ; to gra.ce.Shak. 

BE-DE€K'£D (be-dektf), pp. Adorned ; ornamented. 

BE-DECK'ING, ppr. Adorning; decking. 

BED'E-GUiR Cgar), n. A hairy or spongy substance on 
rose-bushes, produced by the puncture of certain insects, 
and once supposed to have valuable medicinal properties. 
—Booth. 

fBEDE'-HOUSE, n. Formerly, a hospital or ahns-house. 

Be'DjEL (be'dl), n. An officer in the universities of Eng- 
land ; a messenger or crier of a court ; an inferior officer 
of a parish. [A peculiar orthography of beadle.] 

Be'D£L-RY, n. The extent of a beadle's office.— Blount. 

BE-DEV7L (-devl), v. t. To throw into utter disorder and 
confusion, as if by the agency of evil spirits. — South. 

BE-DEVIL-.ED, pp. or a. Thrown into utter disorder.— 
W. Irving. 

BE-DE W (be-du'), v. t. To moisten, as with dew ; to moist- 
en in a gentle manner with any liquid. 

BE-DEW.ED (be-dude'), pp. Moistened, as if with dew ; 
gently moistened. 

BE-DEW'ER, n. That which bedews.— Sherwood. 

BE-DEWTNG, ppr. Moistening gently, as with dew ; wet- 
ting. 

BE-DEWT, a. Moist with dew. [Little used.] 

BED'FEL-LoW, n. One who lies with another in the same 
bed. — Shak. 

BED'HANG-INGS, n. Curtains.— Shak. 

BE-DlGHT' (be-dite'), v. t. To adorn ; to dress ; to set off 
witn ornaments. [Little used.] 

BE DlCHT ' \PP" Adorned ! set °ff wrtn ornaments. 
BE-DiGHTTNG, ppr. Adorning. 
BE-DIM', v. t. To make dim ; to obscure or darken. 
BE-DIM'M£D (be-dimcV), pp. Made dim ; obscured. 
BE-DIM'MING, ppr. Making dim ; obscuring ; darkening, 
t BE-DIS'MAL, v. t. To make dismal.— Student. 
BE-DIZ'JSN (be-diz'zn), v. t. To adorn ; to deck. [A low 

word." 
BE-DIZ'.EN.ED, pp. Bedecked ; adorned. 
BE-DIZ'.EN-ING, ppr. Adorning. 

BED'LAM, n. [corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a re- 
ligious house in London, afterward converted into a hos- 
pital for lunatics.] 1 . A mad-house ; a place appropriated 
for lunatics. 2. A madman ; a lunatic ; one who lives in 
Bedlam. 3. Figuratively, a place of uproar. 
BED'LAM, a. Belonging to a mad-house. — Shak. 
BED'LAM-lTE, n. An inhabitant of a mad-house ; a mad- 
man. _ 
BED'MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make beds, 

as in a college or university. 
EED'MaTE, n. A bed-fellow.— Shak. 

BED'-MoLD-ING, n. In architecture, the members of a cor- 
nice, wliich are placed below the coronet, 
f BE-DoTE', v. t. To make to dote.— Chaucer. 
BED'oU-iN (bed'oo-een), n. The name of those Arabs who 
live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Egypt, and 
other parts of Africa. 
BED'PoST, n. The post of a bedstead. 
BEDTRESS-ER, n. A lazy fellow ; one who loves his bed. 

— Shak. 
BED'QUILT. n. A quilted spread or covering for a bed. 
BE-DRAG'GLE, v. t. To soil, as garments which are suf- 
fered, in walking, to reach the dirt. 
BE-DRAG'GLjED, pp. Soiled by reaching the dirt in walk- 

BE-DRAG'GLING, ppr. Soiling by drawing along in dirt 

or mud. 
BE-DRENCH', v. t. To drench ; to soak ; to saturate with 

moisture. — Shak. 
BE-DRENCH'£D (be-drenchrO, pp. Drenched ; soaked. 
BE-DRENCHTNG, ppr. Soaking; drenching. 
BED'RID, }a. Confined to the bed by age or infirm- 

BED'RID-D.EN, j ity._ Shak. 



BED'RlTE, n. The privilege of the marriage bed. 
BED'ROOM, n. 1. A room or apartment intended or used 
for a bed ; a lodging-room. 2. Room in a bed. — Shak.. 
[not in use.] 
BE-DROP', v. t. To sprinkle, as with drops. 
BE-DROPT.ED (be-dropf), pp. Sprinkled as with drops , 

speckled ; variegated with spots. 
BED'SlDE, n. The side of the hed.—Middleton. 
BED'STaFF, n. A wooden pin anciently inserted on the 
sides of bedsteads, to keep the clothes from slipping on 
either side. 
BED'STeAD (bed'sted), n. A frame for supporting a bed. 
BED'STRAW, n. Straw laid under a bed to make it soft , 

also, the name of a plant. 
BED'SWERV-ER, n. One who swerves from his bed ; that 

is, one who is unfaithful to the marriage vow. — Shak. 
BED'TI-GK, n. A case of stout linen or" cotton cloth, used 

for inclosing feathers or other materials of a bed. 
BED'TlME, n. The time to go to rest ; the usual hour of 

going to bed. — Shak. 
BE-DUCK', v. t. To duck ; to put the head under water ; to 

immerse. — Spenser. 
t BE-DUNG', v. t. To cover with dung— Bp. Hall. 
t BE-DUSK', v. t. To smutch. — Cotgrave. 
BE-DUST, v. t. To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust. 
BEDWARD, adv. Toward bed.— Shak. 
BE-DWARF', v. t. To make little ; to stunt, or hinder 

growth. — Donne. 
BED'WoRK, n. Work done in bed, without toil of the 

hands, or with ease. — Shak. 
BE-DYE' (be-df), v. t. To dye ; to stain.— Spenser. 
BE-DV.ED (be-dide'), pp. Dyed ; stained. 
BEE, n. [Sax. beo ; D. bye.] 1. An insect of the genus apis. 
The species are numerous, of wliich the honey-bee is the 
most interesting to man. — 2. In America, in the rural dis- 
tricts, a meeting of neighbors and friends to aid a person 
in his work ; also, a meeting of ladies to sew for the poor. 
BEE'-BReAD, n. A brown, bitter substance, being the 
pollen of flowers collected by bees, as food for their 
young. 
BEE'-eAT-ER, n. A bird that feeds on bees. 
BEE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant ; a species of ophrys. 
BEE'-GaR-D.EN, n. A garden, or inclosure to set bee- 
hives in. 
BEE'-GLtJE, 71. A soft, unctuous matter, with which bees 
cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells ; 
called,_also, propolis. 
BEE'-HlVE, n. A case, box, or other hollow vessel, which 

serves as a habitation for bees. 
BEE'-MaS-TER, n. One who keeps bees. 
BEE'-MOTH, n. A moth from whose eggs are produced 

caterpillars, which feed on the contents of bee-hives. 
BEECH, n. [Sax. bece, boc] A tree arranged by Lrmueua 

under the_ genus fagus. 
BEECH'-€oAL, n. Charcoal from beech wood. 
BEECH'jBN (beech'n), a. Consisting of the wood or bark 

of the beech ; belonging to the beech. 
BEECH'-MaST, 7i. The fruit or nuts of the beech. 
BEECH'-NUT, n. The nut of the beech-tree. 
BEECH'-OIL, n. Oil expressed from the mast or nuts of 

the beech-tree. 
BEECH'-TREE, n. The beech. 

BEEF, n. [Fr. bceuf, beuf.] 1. An animal of the bovine genus, 
whether ox, bull, or cow. In this, which is the original 
sense, the word has a plural, beeves. 2. The flesh of an 
ox, bull, or cow, or of bovine animals generally, when 
killed. 
BEEF. a. Consisting of the flesh of the ox, or bovine kind. 
BEEF'-eAT-ER, n. 1 One who eats beef. 2. A yeoman of 
the guards in England, [corrupted from buffetur, a keeper 
of the sideboard or buffet, becaiise some of them were ar- 
ranged at side tables at solemn festivals. — Encyc. Am.] 3. 
The buphaga, an African bird. — i. In popular use, a stout, 
fleshy person. 
BEEF'-STEaK', 7i. A steak or slice of beef for broiling. 
BEEF'-WIT-TED, a. Dull in intellects ; stupid ; heavy 

headed. — Shak. 
tBEELD, n. [Sax. behlydan.] Protection; refuge.— Pair 

fax. 
BE-EL'ZE-BUB. n. A prince of devils. [The word signi- 
fies the deity of flies.] 
BEE'MOL, n. See Bemol. 
BEEN (bin), [Sax. beon,] Part. perf. of be. In old authors, 

it is also the present tense plural of be. 
BEEN, n. A fretted stringed instrument of music, having 

nineteen frets ; used in India. 
BEER, n. [W. bir ; Fr. Mere.] 1. A spirituous liquor made 
from any farinaceous grain ; but generally from barky, 
with the addition of hops. 2. Beer is a name given in 
America to fomenting liquors made of various other ma- 
terials ; as, root beer, spruce beer ; the last so called from 
the season of the year at which it is made. 
BEER'-BAR-REL, n. A barrel for holdm» beer. 



D6VE;— ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BEG 



94 



BEG 



BEER'-HOUSE, n. A house where malt liquors are sold ; 
an ale-house. 

BEESTINGS. See Biestings. 

BEES'WAX, n. , The wax collected by bees, and of which 
their cells are constructed. 

BEET, n. [D. Met; Ger. beete.] A sweet, succulent root, 
much used as a vegetable, of the genus beta. 

RFFT-R a VF ) 

BEET-RAD-ISH I n ' A liin ^ °^ beet ' use(i for salad - — As ^- 

BEETLE, n. [Sax. bitl or bytl, a mallet ; betel, the insect, 
beetle.'] 1. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer, used to 
drive wedges, &c, having one, two, or three handles, for 
as many men to use it. — 2. In zoology, the popular name 
of a genus of insects, the scarabceus, of many species. This 
term is popularly applied to all insects with hard or shelly 
wing-cases. 

BEE'TLE, v. i. To jut ; to be prominent ; to hang or ex- 
tend out. 

BEETLE-BROW, n. A prominent brow. 

BEETLE-BROWED, a. Having prominent brows. 

BEETLE-HEAD, n. A stupid fellow.— Scot. 

BEETLE-HEAD-ED (be'tl-hed-ed), a. Having a head like 
a beetle ; dull ; stupid. — Shak. 

BEETLE-STOCK, n. The handle of a beetle. 

BEETLING, ppr. or a. Jutting ; being prominent. 

BEEVES, n.,plu. of beef. Cattle; quadrupeds of the bovine 
genus, called, in England, black cattle. 

BE-FALL', v. t. ; pret. befell ; part, befallen. [Sax. befadlan.} 
To happen to ; to occur to. It usually denotes ill. 

BE-FALL', v. i. To happen ; to come to pass. 

BE-FALL'EN (be-fawln'), pp. Fallen on. 

BE-FALLTNG, ppr. Happening to ; occurring to ; coming 
to pass. n. That which befalls. 

BE-FELL', pret. of befall. 

BE-FIT', v. t. To suit ; to be suitable ; to become. 

BE-FITTING, ppr. or a. Having the quality of fitness or 
propriety.— Syn. Fit ; becoming ; suitable ; meet ; decent ; 
appropriate. 

BE-FLATTER, v. t. To flatter much. 

BE-FoAM', v. t. To cover with foam. [Little used.} 

BE-FOG'GED .(be-fogd'), a. Involved in a fog.— Irving. 

BE-FOOL', v. t. To fool ; to infatuate ; to delude. 

BE-FOOL'ED (be-foold 7 ), pp. Fooled ; deceived ; led into 
error. 

BE-FOOL'ING, ppr. Fooling ; making a fool of; deceiving ; 
infatuating. 

BE-FoRE', prep. [Sax. before, or beforan.] 1. In front ; on 
the side with the face, at any distance ; used of persons. 
2. In presence of, with the idea of power, authority, re- 
spect. 3. In sight of; as, before the face. 4. In the pres- 
ence of, noting cognizance or jurisdiction. 5. In the 
power of, noting the right or ability to choose or possess ; 
free to the choice. 6. In front of any object. 7. Preced- 
ing in time. 8. In preference to. 9. Superior ; preceding 
m dignity. 10. Prior to ; having prior right ; preceding 
in order. 11. Previous to ; in previous order ; in order 
to. 12. Before the wind, denotes in the direction of the 
wind and by its impulse. 

BE-FoRE', adv. 1. In time preceding. 2. In time preced- 
ing to the present, or to this time ; hitherto. 3. Further 
onward in place, in progress, or in front 4. In front ; 
on the fore part. 

BE-FoRE'ClT-ED, a. Cited in a preceding part. 

BE-FoRE'HAND, adv. 1. In a state of anticipation or pre- 
occupation ; often followed by ttritk. 2. Antecedently ; by 
way of preparation or preliminary ; aforetime. 3. In a 
state of accumulation, so as that more has been received 
than expended. 4. At first ; before any thing is done. 

BE-F5RE'MEN-TIONED, a. Mentioned before. 

\ BE-FoRE'-TIME, adv. Formerly ; of old time. 

BE-FORTETNB. v. t. To happen to ; to betide. 

BE-FOUL', v. t. [Sax. befylan.] To make foul ; to soil. 

BE-FRIEND' (be-frend'), v. t. To favor ; to act as a friend 
to ; to countenance, aid, or benefit. 

BE-FRIEND'ED, pp. Favored; countenanced. 

BE-FRIEND'ING, ppr. Favoring ; assisting as a friend ; 
showing kindness to. 

BE-FRIN6E' (be-frinj'), v. t. To furnish with a fringe ; to 
adorn as with fringe. 

BE-FRING'£D (be-frinjd'), pp. Adorned as with a fringe. 

BE-FUR'R-ED (be-furd'), a. Covered with fur. 

BEG, ) n. [the Turks write this word begh, or bek, but pro- 

EEY, i nounce it bey (ba).] In the Turkish dominions, a 
governor of a town or district ; more particularly, the 
lord of a sangiac or banner. — In Tunis, the beg, or bey, is 
the prince or king, answering -to the Dey of Algiers. 

BEG, v. t. 1. To ask earnestly, or with humility. 2. To ask 
or supplicate in charity. 3. To take for granted; to as- 
sume without proof; as, to beg the question. — Syn. To 
intreat ; solicit ; implore ; supplicate ; beseech ; petition ; 
crave ; request ; ask. 

BEG, v. i. To ask alms or charity ; to practice begging ; to 
live by asking alms. 



BE-GET, v. t. ; pret. begot, begat ; pp. begot, begotten. [Sax. 
begetan.] 1. To procreate, as a father or sire ; to gener- 
ate. 2. To produce, as an eftect ; to cause to exist ; to 
generate ; as, to beget strife. 

BE-GETTER, n. One who begets or procreates ; a father. 

BEG'GA-BLE, a. That may be begged.— Butler. 

BEG'GAR, n. 1. One who lives by asking alms, or makes 
it his business to beg for charity. 2. One who supplicates 
with humility ; a petitioner. 3. One who assumes in ar- 
gument what he does not prove. 

BEG'GAR, v . t. 1. To reduce to beggary ; to impoverish 
2. To deprive or make destitute ; to exhaust ; as, " to beg 
gar all description." 

BEG'GAR-MIID, n. A maid who is a beggar. — Shak 

BEG'GAR-MAN, n. A man who is a beggar. — Shak. 

BEG'GAR-WoM-AN, n. A female beggar.— Shak. 

BEG'GARED, pp. Reduced to extreme poverty. 

BEG'GAR-ING, ppr. Reducing to indigence or a state oi 
beggary. 

BEG'GAR-LI-NESS, n. The state of being beggarly ; mean- 
ness ; extreme poverty. — Barret. 

BEG'GAR-LY, a. Mean; poor; in the condition of a beg- 
gar ; extremely indigent. — Shak. [ Used of persons and 
things.] 

BEG'GAR-LY, adv. Meanly; indigently; despicably. 

BEG'GAR'S LlCE, n. The name of an obnoxious weed 
(Echinaspernum Virginicum), having a bur-like fruit, or 
nuts, furnished with hooked prickles, which fastens on 
those who pass by. 

BEG'GAR- Y, n. A state of extreme indigence. 

BEGGED, pp. Entreated ; supplicated ; asked in charity. 

BEG'GING, ppr. Asking alms ; supplicating ; assuming 
without proof. 

BEG'GING, n. The act of soliciting alms ; the practice of 
asking alms. 

BE-GHARDS', } n. A German word, denoting one who 

BE-GUARDS', > begs hard, or with importunity ; applied 
formerly to some of the Franciscan and other mendicant 
orders of Rome. The name was also given to certain 
classes of persons distinguished for the frequency and 
fervor of their prayers. 

BE-GILT, a. Gilded.— Ben Jonson. 

BE-GIN', v. i. ; pret. began ; pp. begun. [Sax. gynnan, agin 
nan, and beginnan.] 1. To have an original or first exist 
ence ; to come into existence. 2. To do the first act ; to 
enter upon something new ; to take the first step. 

BE-GIN', v. t. 1. To do the first act of any thing ; to enter 
on ; to commence. 2. To trace from any thing, as the 
first ground ; to lay the foundation. — Syn. To commence 
originate ; enter upon ; set about. 

BE-GTnNER, n. 1. The person who begins. 2. One who 
first enters upon any art, science, or business ; one whr 
is in his rudiments ; a young practitioner. 

BE-GIN'NING, ppr. First entering upon ; commencing , 
giving rise or original ; taking rise or origin. 

BE-GIN'NING, n. 1. The first cause ; origin. 2. That which 
is first ; the first state ; commencement ; entrance into 
being. 3. The rudiments, first ground, or materials. 

t BE-GINNING-LESS, a. That hath no beginning. 

BE-GiRD', v. t. ; pret. begirt, begirded ; pp. begirt. [Sax. be 
gyrdan.] 1. To bind with a band or girdle. 2. To sur 
round; to inclose; to encompass. 3. To besiege. — Ti 
begirt, used by Ben Jonson, is a corrupt orthography. 

BE-GiRD'ED, ? pp. Bound with a girdle ; surrounded ; in 

BE-GtRT, > closed; besieged. 

BE-GiRD'ING, ppr. Binding with a girdle ; surrounding 
besieging. 

BEG'LER-BEG, n. [See Beg.] The governor of a province 
in the Turkish empire, next in dignity to the grand- vizier 
His province is called beglerbeglic. 

t BE-GLOOM', v. t. To make gloomy; to darken. — Bad- 
cock. 

BE-GNAW (be-naw 7 ), v. t. [Sax. begnagan.] To bite or 
gnaw ; to eat away ; to corrode ; to nibble. 

t BE-GOD', v. t. To deify.— More. 

BE-GONE' {pro. nearly be-gawnO. Go away; depart. These 
two words have been improperly united. Be retains th& 
sense of a verb, and gone that of a participle. 

BE-GoR'-ED, a. Besmeared with gore. 

■D-pi pArrv \ 

BE-GOTTEN S pp ' °^& et - Proci 'eated ; generated. 

t BE-GRIVE',V t. 1. To deposit in the grave ; to bury. 2 

To engrave. — Gower. 
BE-GReASE', v. t. To soil or daub with grease, or other 

oily matter. 
BE-GRlME', v. t. To soil with dirt deep impressed, so tha\ 

the natural hue can not easily be recovered. — Shak. 
BE-GRlM'ED (be-grimd'), pp. Deeply soiled. 
BE-GRlM'ER, n. One who begrimes. 
BE-GRUDGE' (be-grudj'), v. t. To grudge ; to envy the pos 

session of. 
BE-GRUDg'ED (be-grudgd'), pp. Having excited envy 
BE-GRUDG'ING, ppr. Envying the possession of. 



See Synopsis. A. E, T, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



BEH 



95 



BEL 



BE-GUTLE (be-gile'), v. t. 1. To impose on by artifice or 
craft. 2. To elude by craft 3. To elude any thing disa- 
greeable by amusement or other means ; to pass pleas- 
ingly. — Sirs". To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; amuse. 

BE-GUIL/.ED (be-glld'), pp. Deluded ; imposed on ; misled 
by craft ; eluded by stratagem ; passed pleasingly. 

BE-GUlLE'MENT, n. Act of beguiling or deceiving. 

BE-GUiL'ER (be-gvler), n. He or that which beguiles or 
deceives. 

BE-GUILTNG, ppr. or a. Deluding ; deceiving by craft ; 
eluding by artifice ; amusing. 

BE-GUlLTNG-LY, adv. In a manner to deceive. 

BE-GUILT'Y (be-gil'te), v. t. To render guilty.— Sanderson. 
[A barbarous word.] 

BE-GU'fNE' (ba-geen'), n. One of a congregation of half 
nuns in Flanders. Similar societies of males were called 
beghards or beguins. See Beghard. 

Be'GUM, \n. In the East Indies, a princess or lady of 

BE'GAUM, 5 high rank.— Malcom. 

BE-GUN', pp. of begin. Commenced ; originated. 

BE-HaLF (be-haf'), n. [Sax. bekefe.] 1. Favor ; advantage ; 
convenience; profit; support; defense; vindication; as, 
to speak in behalf of some one. 2. Part ; side ; noting 
substitution, or the act of taking the part of another ; as, 
to appear in behalf of a client. 

BE-HAP'P£N (-hap'pn), v. i. To happen to.— Spenser. 

BE-HaVE', v. t. [G. gehaben.] 1. To restrain ; to govern ; 
to subdue. [ This sense is obsolete.'] 2. To carry ; to con- 
duct ; used with the reciprocal pronoun ; as, he behaves 
himself manfully. 

BE-HIVE', v. i. To act ; to conduct ; generally applied to 
manners, or to conduct in any particular business ; and 
in a good or bad sense. He behaves well or ill 

BE-HaV'£D (be-havdO, pp. Conducted. 

BE-HaVTNG, ppr. Carrying ; conducting. 

BE-HaV'IOR (be-hav'yur), n. Manner of behaving, whether 
good or bad ; conduct : manners ; carriage of one's self, 
with respect to propriety, or morals ; deportment. — To 
be upon one's behavior, is to be in a state of trial, in which 
something important depends on propriety of conduct. 
The modern phrase is. to be, or to be put, upon one's good 
behavior. Judges hold their offices during good behavior, 
i. e., while they conduct with integrity and "fidelity. — Syx. 
Deportment ; conduct ; demeanor ; carriage ; manner ; 
address ; breeding. 

BE-He AD' (be-hed"), v. t. To cut off the head ; to sever the 
head from the body with a cutting instrument. 

EE-HeAD'ED (be-hed'ed). pp. Having the head cut off. 

BE-HeADTNG (be-hed'ing), ppr. Severing the head from 
the body. 

BE-HeAD*TNG (be-hed'ing), n. The act of separating the 
head from the body by a cutting instrument ; decollation. 

BE-HELD', pret. and pp. of behold, which see. 

f BE-HE L', v. t. To torture as with the pains of hell. — Hewyt. 

BeTIE-MOTH, n. [Heb. r"-"^.] Authors are divided in 
opinion as to the animal intended in Scripture by this 
name ; some supposing it to be an ox or elephant, and 
others the hippopotamus, or river-horse. It seems to 
unite some of the peculiar characteristics of all ; and 
nence, some consider it as a kind of type or representa- 
tion of the largest land animals, under the general name 
of behemoth, which is a plural, denoting, literally, beasts. — 
Kitto. 

Be'HEN, J n. A plant. The behen of the shops, or white 

BEN. \ behen, is spatling poppy. Red behen is sea- 

BEK'EN. S lavender. 

BE-HEST', 7i. [be, and Sax hcese.] Command ; precept ; 
injunction : charge : mandate. 

\ BE-HiGHT' (be-hite'), v. t. ; pret. behot. [Sax. behetan.] To 
promise ; to intrust ; to call, or name ; to command ; to 
adjudge ; to address ; to inform ; to mean ; to reckon. 

RE-HTND', prep. [Sax. behindan.] 1. At the back of anoth- 
er. 2. On the back part, at any distance ; in the rear. 3. 
Remaining ; left after the departure of another, whether 
by removing to a distance, or by death. 4. Left at a dis- 
tance, in progress or improvement. 5. Inferior to another 
in dignity and excellence. 6. On the side opposite the 
front or nearest part, or opposite to that which fronts a 
person ; on the other side. — Behind the back, in Scripture, 
signifies out of notice, or regard ; overlooked; disregarded. 

BE-HfND', adv. 1. Out of sight ; not produced, or exhibited 
to view ; remaining ; as, there is still much evidence be- 
hind. 2. Backward ; on the back part ; as, to come behind. 
3. Past in the progress of time. 4. Future, or remaining 
to be endured. 5. Remaining after a payment ; unpaid. 
6. Remaining after the departure of; as, to be left behind. 

BE-HlNDTTAND, a. In arrear ; in an exhausted state ; in 
a state in which rent or profit has been anticipated, and 
expenditures precede the receipt of funds to supply them. 
In popular use, a state of poverty. Behindhand with, de- 
notes behind in progress. 

BE-HoLD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. beheld. [Sax behealdan, beheol 
dan.] 1. To fix the eyes upon ; to see with attention ; to 



observe with care. 2. To look upon ; to see. — Stn. To 
look upon ; consider ; eye ; view ; contemplate , observe 
regard ; attend to. 

BE-HoLD', v. i. 1. To look ; to direct the eyes to an ob- 
ject 2. To fix the attention upon an object ; to direct or 
fix the mind. 

BE-HoLD'ITN (be-hol'dn), pp. or a. Obliged ; bound in grat- 
itude ; indebted. 

BE-HoLD'ER, n. One who beholds ; one who looks upon, 
or sees. — Stn. Spectator ; observer ; witness ; looker on. 

BE-HoLDTNG. ppr. 1. Fixing the eyes upon ; looking on 
seeing. 2. Fixing the attention ; regarding with attention 

3. Obliged. A mistaken use of the word" for beholden.— 

4. n. Obligation. — Carew, [not used.] 

t BE-HoLD'fNG-NESS, n. The state of being obliged. 
BE-HoN'EY, v. t. To sweeten with honey. — Sherwood. 
BE-HOOF', n. [Sax. behofian.] 1. Need ; necessity. Hence, 

2. In present usage, that which is advantageous ; advau 

tage ; profit ; benefit. 
BE-HOOV'A-BLE, a. Needful ; profitable. 
BE-HOOVE' (be-hoov'), v. t. [Sax. behofian.] To be neces- 
sary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to 

necessity, duty, or convenience. It may, perhaps, be 

sometimes used intransitively ; as, let him behave as it be 

hooveth. 
BE-HOOVETUL (be-hoov'ful), a. Needful; useful; profit 

able : advantageous, 
t BE-HOOVE'FUL-LY (be-hooYiul-ly), adv. Usefully; pro) 

itably. 
t BE-HOOVE'LY, a Profitable.— Gower. 
t BE-HOT, pret. of behight. 

BE-HoVE' (be-hoov'), and its derivatives. See Behoove 
f BE-HOWL', v. i. To howl at. — Shah. 
j Be'ING, ppr. [See Be.] Existing in a certain state. 
j Be'ING, n. 1. Existence ; a particular state or condition 

2. A person existing. 3. An immaterial, intelligent exist 

ence, or spirit. 4. An animal ; any living creature. 
| t BeTNG-PLaCE, n. An existence.— Spenser. 
BE IT SO. A phrase of anticipation, suppose it be so; or o 

permission, let it be so. — Shak. 
i BE-J1DE', p. t. To tire.— Milton. 
t BE-JaPE', v. t. To laugh at; to deceive.— Chaucer. 
BE-JESH-IT, v. t. To initiate in Jesuitism.— Milton. 
t BE-KISS'. v. t. To kiss or salute. — Jonson. 
t BE-KXaYE', v. t. To call knave.— Pope. 
t BE-KNoW' (be-no'), v. t. To acknowledge. — Chaucer. 
BE-LaROE., v. t. To ply diligently ; to beat soundly ; to 

thump . — Dry den . 
BE-La.CE', ». t. 1. To fasten, as with a lace or cord. 2. To 

beat ; to whip. 
BE-LXCED (be-laste'), a. Adorned with lace. — Beaumont 
t BE-LAM', v. t. To beat ; to bang, 
t BEL'A-Mo UR, n. [Fr. bel-amour.] A gallant ; a consort 

— Spenser. 
t BEL'A-MY, n, [Fr. bel-ami.] A good friend • an intimate 

— Spenser. 
1 BE-LaTE', r. t. To retard or make too late. 
BE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Benighted : abroad late at night. 2. Too 

late for the hour appointed or intended ; later than the 

proper time. 
BE-LaTED-NESS. n. A being too late.— Milton. 
t BE-LaVE', v. t. To wash. 

t BE-LAWGlVE, v. t. To give a law to.— Milton. 
BE-LaY', v. t. 1. To block up, or obstruct. 2. To place m 

ambush. 3. To adorn, surround, or cover. 4. In seaman- 
ship, to fasten, or make fast by winding a rope round a 

cleat, kevil, or belaying-pin. 
BE-LaY'£D (be-ladeO, pp. Obstructed ; ambushed ; made 

fast 
BE-LaY-LNG, ppr Blocking up ; laying an ambush ; mak 

ing fast. 
BE-LaYTNG-PIN, 72. A strong pin in the side of a vessel, 

or by the mast around which ropes are wound, when 

they are fastened or belayed. 
BELCH, v. t. [Sax bealcan.] 1. To throw or eject wind 

from the stomach with violence. 2. To eject violently 

from within ; as, to belch forth curses. 
BELCH, v. i. [Sax bealcan.] 1. To eject wind from the 

stomach. 2. To issue out, as by eructation. 
BELCH, n. 1. The act of throwing out from the stomach, 

or violently from within ; eructation. 2. A cant name for 

malt liquor. 
BELCH'jED (belcht), pp. Ejected from the stomach, or 

from a hollow place. 
BELCHTNG, ppr. Ejecting from the stomach, or any deep, 

hollow place. 
BELCHTNG, n. Eructation.— Barret. 
BELT) AM, n. [Fr. belle, and dame. It seems to be used in 

contempt, or as a cant term.] 1. An old woman. — Shak. 

2. A hag. — Dry den. 
BE-LeA'GUER (be-le'ger), v.t. [Ger.belagem.] To surround 

with an army, so as to preclude escape.— Sy>\ To block 

up ; besiege ; environ ; invest ; encompass. 



DdVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;-- AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; (J as J ; S as Z j cH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



BEL 



96 



BEL 



BE-LeA'GUERoED, pp. Besieged. 

BE-LeA'GUER-ER, n. One who besieges. 

BE-LeA'GUER-ING, ppr. Besieging ; blocking up. 

\ BE-LeAVE', v. t. To leave.— May. 

BE-LECTUR.ED, a. Lectured frequently or much. 

BE-LEE', v. t. To place on the lee.—Shak. 

BE-LEM'NlTE, n. [Gr. ficKeixvov.] Arrow-head, or finger- 
Btone ; vulgarly called thunder-bolt, or thunder-stone '; a 
genus of extinct fossils, having a straight, tapering shell. 
They belonged to the animals of the class cephalopods. 

BE-LEP'ER, v. t. To infect with leprosy. 

BEL ES-PRi'T' (bel'es-pree'), n. ; pi. Be'aux Espeits (boz'- 
es-pree). [Fr.] A man of wit ; a fine genius. 

BEL'FRY, n. [Fr. befroy.) 1. Among military writers of the 
middle age, a tower erected by besiegers to overlook the 
place besieged, in which sentinels were placed. 2. That 
part of a steeple, or other building, in which a bell is hung. 

\ BEL-GaRD', n. [Fr. bel and egard.] A soft look or glance. 

BEL'gI-AN, a. Belonging to Belgium, or the Netherlands. 

BEL'Gl-AN, n. A native of Belgium, or the Netherlands. 

BEL'6I€, a. [L. Belgicus.] Pertaining to the Belga, or to 

- the Netherlands. 

Be'LI-AL, n. [Heb. ^>5>"£>i.] As a noun, unprofitableness ; 
. wickedness. Hence, an evil spirit of that name. — Milton. 
As an adjective, worthless ; wicked. — Sons ofBelvil, wicked 
men. — Parkhurst. 

BE-Ll'BEL, v. t. To libel or traduce.— Fuller. 

BE-LlE' (be-lT). «• *■ [be and lie. Sax. belecgan.] 1. To give 
the he to ; to show to be false ; as, his looks belie his 
words. 2. To counterfeit ; to mimic ; to feign resem- 
blance. 3. To give a false representation. 4. To tell lies 
concerning ; to calumniate by false reports. 5. To fill 
with lies. — Shalt. 

BE-Ll'.ED (be-llde'), pp. Falsely represented, either by word 
or obvious evidence and indication ; counterfeited ; mim- 
icked. 

BE-LlEF' (be-leef), n. [Sax. geleaf, geleafan, gelefan, gelief- 
an, gelyfan, to believe.] 1. A persuasion of the truth, or 
an assent of mind to the truth of a declaration, proposition, 
or alleged fact, on the ground of evidence. — 2. In theology, 
faith, or a firm persuasion of the truths of religion. 3. Re- 
ligious tenets or faith. 4. Persuasion or opinion. 5. The 
thing believed ; the object of belief. 6. A creed ; a form 
or summary of articles of faith. — Syn. Credence ; trust ; 
faith; credit; confidence; persuasion. 

BE-LIeV'A-BLE (be-le'va-bl), a. That may be believed ; 
credible. 

BE-LIEVE' (be-leev'), t>. t. 1. To credit upon the authority 
or testimony of another ; to be persuaded of the truth of 
something. 2. To expect or hope with confidence; to 
trust 

BE-LIeVE', v. i. 1. To have a firm persuasion of any thing. 
2. In popular use, the term denotes more loosely, to think, 
or suppose. — In theology, to believe- sometimes expresses a 
mere assent of the understanding ; and sometimes it im- 
plies, with this assent of the mind, a yielding of the will 
and affections. 

BE-LlE V.ED (be-leevd"), pp. Credited ; assented to, as true. 

BE-LIeVER, n. 1. One who believes ; one who gives 
credit to other evidence than that of personal knowledge, 
— 2. In theology, one who gives credit to the truth of the 
Scriptures, as a revelation from God. In a more restricted 
sense, a professor of Christianity. 

BE-LIeVING, ppr. Giving credit to testimony, or to other 
evidence than personal knowledge. 

BE-LIeV'ING-LY, adv. In a believing manner. 

BE-LlKE', adv. [be and like.] Probably ; likely ; perhaps. 

t BE-LlKE'LY, adv. Probably.— Hall. 

{• BE-LlME', v. t. To besmear with lime. — Bp. Hall. 

BE-LITTLE, v. t. To make smaller ; to lower in character. 
— Jefferson. [Rare in America : not used in England.] 

t BE-LlVE', adv. Speedily ; quickly. — Spenser. 

BELL, n. [Sax. bell, bella, belle.] 1. A vessel or hollow body 
of cast metal, used for making sounds. Its constituent 
parts are a barrel or hollow body enlarged or expanded at 
one end, an ear or cannon by which it is hung to a beam, 
and a clapper on the inside. 2. A hollow body of metal, 
perforated, and containing a «olid ball, to give sounds 
when shaken ; used on animals. 3. Any thing in form of 
a bell, as the cup, or calix, of a flower. — To bear the bell, is 
to be the first, or leader, in allusion to the bell-wether of a 
flock. — To curse by bell, book, and candle, was to read the 
curse in English, with the ringing of bells, and candles 
lighted, to inspire greater dread. — To shake the bells, in 
Shakspeare, is to give an alarm. 

BELL, v. i. To grow in the form of bells, as buds or flowers. 

BELL, v. t. To bell the cat, to encounter and cripple one 
of greatly superior force ; from the fable of the mice re- 
solving to put a bell on the cat, in order to guard them 
against her attacks. — Sir TV. Scott. 

BELL'-FASH-IONED, a. Having the -form of a bell. 

BELL'-FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, so named from 
the shape of the flower. 



BELL'-FOUND-ER, n, A man whose occupation is to found 

or cast bells. 
BELL'-FOUND'ER-Y, \ n. A place for founding or casting 
BELL'-FOUND'RY, 5 bells. 
BELL'-MAN, n. A man who ring3 a bell, especially to giv^ 

notice of any thing in the streets. 
BELL'-MET-^4L (bel'met-tl), n. A mixture of copper and 

tin, in the proportion of from three to five parts of copper 

to one of tin, and usually a small portion of brass or zinc ; 

used for making bells. 
BELL'-PEP-PER, n. A name of the Guinea pepper, a spe- 
cies of capsicum. 
BELL'-PULL, n. A bell-cord. 
BELL'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to ring a 

church or other bell. 
BELL'-SHIPM) (-shapt), a. Having the form of a bell. • 

In botany, campanulate ; swelling out without a tube at 

the base. 
BELL'-WETH-ER, n. A wether or sheep which leads the 

flock with a bell on his neck. 
BELL-W6RT, n. A plant, the zivularia. 
BEL-LA-DON'NA, n. The deadly nightshade, a species of 

atropa. 
BEL-La'TRIX, n. [L.] A ruddy, glittering star, of the sec 

ond magnitude, in the left shoulder of Orion. 
BELLE (bel), n. [Fr.] A gay young lady. — In popular use, 

a lady of superior beauty, and much admired. 
BELL'.ED (beld), a. Hung with bells. 

* BELLES-LETTRES (bel-lefter), n. pi. [Fr.] Polite lit- 
erature ; a word of very vague signification. It includes 
poetry and oratory ; but authors are not agreed to what par- 
ticular branches of learning the term should be restricted. 

t BELL'I-BONE, n. [Fr. belle and bonne.] A woman excell- 
ing both in beauty and goodness. 

BEL'LI_ED (bellid), pp. or a. Swelled or prominent, like the 
belly. — In botany, ventricose ; swelled out in the middle. 

t BEL-LI6'ER-aTE, v. i. To make war.— Oockeram. 

BEL-LIG'ER-ENT, a. [L. belliger, belligero.] Waging war . 
carrying on war. 

BEL-LIG'ER-ENT, n. A nation, or state carrying on war 

t BEL-LIG'ER-OUS, a. The same as belligerent. 

BELL'ING, n. [Sax. bellan.] 1. The noise of a roe in rutting 
time. 2. a. Growing or forming like a bell ; growing full 
and ripe ; used of hops ; from bell. 

BEL-LIP'O-TENT, a. [L. bellipotens.] Powerful or mighty 
in war. [Little used.] 

t BEL'LI-TUDE, n. [L. bellkudo.] Beauty.— Oockeram. 

t BEL-LiQUE' (bel-leek), a. [Old Fr.] Warlike. 

BELL'LESS, a. Having no bell.— Scott. 

BEL'LON, n. A disease, attended with languor and intol- 
erable griping of the bowels ; the lead colic. 

BEL-Lo'NA, n. The goddess of war. 

BEL'LoW, v. i. [Sax. bellan.] 1. To make a hollow, loud 
noise, as a bull ; to make a loud outcry ; to roar. — In con- 
tempt, to vociferate or clamor. 2. To roar, as the sea in a 
tempest, or as the wind when violent ; to make a loud 
hollow, continued sound. 

BEL'LoW,?;. A loud outcry ; roar. 

BEL'LoW-ER, n. One who bellows. 

BEL'LoW-ING, ppr. or a. Making a, loud, hollow sound, as a 
bull, or as the roaring of billows. 

BEL'LoW-ING, n. A loud, hollow sound, or roar, as of a bull 

* BEL'LoWS, n. sing, and pi. [Sax. bilig, or bylig ; Goth. 

balgs.] An instrument, utensil, or machine for blowing fire 

BEL'LoWS-FISH, n. The trumpet-fish. 

BEL'LU-INE, a. [L. belluinus.] Beastly ; pertaining to or 
like a beast ; brutal. [Little used.] 

BEL'LY, n. [Ir. bolg ; W.boly.] 1. That part of the human 
body which extends from the breast to the thighs, con- 
taining the bowels. 2. The part of a beast corresponding 
to the human belly. 3. The womb. — Jer., i., 5. 4. The 
receptacle of food ; that which requires food. 5. The 
part of any thing which resembles the human belly in pro- 
tuberance or cavity, as of a harp or a bottle. 6. Any hol- 
low, inclosed place. — 7. In the Scripture, belly is used for 

BEL'LY, v. t. To fill ; to swell out.— Shak. 

BEL'LY, v. i. 1. To swell and become protuberant, like the 

belly. 2. To strut. 
BEL'LY- I€HE, n. Pain in the bowels ; the colic. [Vulgar.] 
BEL'LY-I-GHE BUSH or WEED, n. A species of jatropha. 
BEL'LY-BAND, n.' A band that encompasses the belly of a 

horse, and fastens the saddle ; a girth. 
BEL'LY-BOUND, a. Diseased in the belly ; costive, 
t BEL'LY-CHEER, n. Good cheer.— Chaucer. 
BEL'LY-FRET-TING, n. The chafing of a horse's belly ' 

with a fore girt. 2. A violent pain in a horse's belly 

caused by worms. 
BEL'LY-GOD, n. A glutton ; one who makes a god of hia 

belly. 
BEL'LY-PINCHSD (-pincht), a. Pinched with hunger. 
BEL'LY-RoLL, n. A roller protuberant in the middle, to 

roll land between ridges, or in hollows. 



* See Synopsis. 1, E\ I. &c. Iovjt.—I, e, I fee, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



BEM 



S7 



BEN 



F-ELTY-SLaVE, n. A slave to the appetite. 

BEL'LY-TIM-BER, n. Food; that which supports the belly. 
— Prior. [ Vulgar.] 

BEL'LY-W6RM, %. A worm that breeds in the belly or 

stomach. — Johnson. 
•HEL'LY-FUL, n. As much as fills the belly, or satisfies the 
appetite.— In familiar language, a sufficiency ; more than 
enough.— Johnson. [ Vulgar.] 

BEL'LY-ING, ppr. or a. Enlarging capacity ; swelling out, 
like the belly. 

BE-LOCK', v. t. [Sax. belucan.] To lock, or fasten as with 
a lock. — Shdk. 

SEL'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. 0eA«* and navreia.) A kind of 
divination by arrows, practiced by the ancient Scythians, 
Babylonians, and other nations. 

BEL'O-NE, n. [Gr. peXovn.] A name given by Cuvier to the 
gar, garfish, or sea-needle, a species of esox. 

BE-LONG', v. i. [D. belangen.] 1. To be the property of. 2. 
To be the concern or proper business of; to appertain. 3. 
To be appendant to. 4. To be a part of, or connected 
with, though detached in place. 5. To have relation to. 
6. To be the onality or attribute of. 7. To be suitable for. 
8. To relate to; or be referred to. 9. To have a legal resi- 
dence, settlement, or inhabitancy. 10. To be the native of; 
to have original residence. — 11. In common language, to 
hyve a settled residence ; to be domiciliated. 

liE-LONG'ING, ppr. Pertaining ; appertaining ; being the 
property of; being a quality of; being the concern of; 
being appendant to ; being a native of, or having a legal or 
permanent settlement in. 

S BE-LONGING, n. A quality.— Shak. 

I BE-L6VE', v. t. To love. 
. BE-L6 V'ED, pp. or a. ; pron. beluvd' as a participle ; be- 
luv'ed as an adjective ; [be and loved, from love. Belove, 
as a verb, is not used.] Loved; greatly loved; dear to 
the heart. 

KE-LoW, prep. 1. Under in place ; beneath ; not so high. 
2. Inferior in rank, excellence, or dignity. 3. Unworthy 
of; unbefitting. 

BE-LoW, adv. 1. In a lower place, with respect to any ob- 
ject. 2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens. 3. In 
hell, or the region of the dead. 4. In a court of inferior 
jurisdiction. 

t BE-LO WT', v. t. To treat with contemptuous language. 

BEL'SWAG-GER, n. A lewd man ; a bully.— Dryden. 

BELT, n. [Sax. belt.] 1. A girdle; a band; a circlet;, as, a 
lady's belt, a sword belt, a belt of trees. 2. A term applied 
to two narrow passages at the entrance of the Baltic. 3. A 
bandage or band U6ed by surgeons for various purposes. 
— 4. In astronomy, certain girdles or rings which surround 
the planet Jupiter are called belts. 5. A disease among 
sheep, cured by cutting off the tail, laying the sore bare, 
then casting mold on it, and applying tar and goose- 
grease. 

BELT, 9. t. To encircle.— Warton. 

BEL'TANE, \n. May-day and its attendant ceremonies 

BEL'TIN, > among the Scottish Highlanders ; as the bel- 
tane-fire, &c. — Brande. 

BELTED, a. Wearing a belt. 

BE-Lu'GA, n. A fish of the cetaceous order.,- 

BEL'VE-DeRE' (bel've-deer 7 ), n. [It.] In Italian architec- 
ture, a pavilion on the top of an edifice ; an artificial em- 
inence in a garden. 

BEL'VI-DER.E, n. [L. bellus and video.] A plant, a species 
of chenopodium, goosefoot or wild orach. 

BE-LyE'. See Belie. 

\ Be'MA, n. [Gr. 0jjixa.] 1. A chancel. 2. In ancient Greece, 
a stage or kind of pulpit. 

f BE-MAD', v t. To make mad.— Shak. 

BE-MAN"GLE, v. t. To mangle; to tear asunder. — Beau- 
mont. [Little used.] 

BE-MaSK', v. t. To mjtsk ; to conceal. — Shelton. 

BE-MaZE', v. t. To bewilder. [Little used.] 

\ BE-MeTE', v. t. To measure.—- Shak. ■ 

BE-M1N"GLE, v. t. To mingle ; to mix. [Little used.] 

BE-MiRE', v. t. To drag or encumber in the mire. 

f BE-MIST', v. t. To cover or involve in mist. 

BE-Mo AN', v. t. To lament ; to bewail ; to express sorrow for. 

f BE-MoAN'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented. 

BE-Mo AN 'ED, .pp. Lamented; bewailed. 

BE-MoAN'ER, n. One who laments. 

B£-MoAN'ING, ppr. Lamenting; bewailing. 

BE-MOGK', v. t. To treat with mockery. [Little used.] 

BE-MO€K', v. i. To laugh at. 

) BE-MOIL', v. t. To bedraggle ; to bemire ; to soil or en- 
cumber with mire and dirt. — Shak. 

BE-MOIST'.EN, v. t. To moisten ; to wet. 

Be'MOL, n. In music, B flat, a semi-tone below B natural. 
— Bacon. 

) BE-MON'STER, v. t. To make monstrous.— Shak. 

BE-MoURN', v. t. To weep or mourn over. [Little used.] 
BE-MuS'-ED (be-muzd') 1 a. Overcome with musing ; dream- 
ing ; a word of contempt. — Pope. 



t BEN. [Sax.] Used for are, been, and to be. 

BEN'-NUT \ n ' ^ purgative fruit or nut. 

BENCH, n. [Sax. bene] 1. A long seat, usually of board of 
plank. 2. The seat where judges sit in court ; the seat oi 
justice. Hence, 3. The persons who sit as judges ; the 
court. — Dryden. 4. In old writers, an idler ; one who sits 
much on tavern benches. 

BENCH, v. t. 1. To furnish with benches. 2. To seat on a 
bench. 3. v. i. To sit on a seat of justice. — Shak. 

BENCH'-WAR-RANT, n. An order or warrant issued by a 
court for the apprehension of a person guilty of contempt 
or indicted for crime. — Bouvier. 

BENCHER, n. 1. In England, the benchers, in the inns of 
court, are the senior members of the society, who haye 
the government of it, and have been readers. 2. The al- 
derman of a corporation. 3. A judge. — Shak. 

BEND, v.t. ; pret. bended, or bent ; pp. bended, or bent. [Sax. 
bendan.] 1. To strain or to crook by straining, as a bow 
2. To crook ; to make crooked ; to curve ; to inflect, as 
the arm. 3. To direct to a certain point, as one's course 
4. To exert ; to apply closely ; to exercise laboriously ; to 
intend or stretch, as one's faculties. 5. To prepare or put 
in order for use ; to stretch or strain. 6. To incline ; to 
be determined ; that is, to stretch toward, or cause to tend ; 
as, bent on doing it. 7. To subdue ; to cause to yield ; to 
make submissive. — 8. In seamanship, to fasten, as one rope 
to another, or to an anchor ; to fasten, as a sail to its yard 
or stay ; to fasten, as a cable to the ring of an anchor. — 9. 
To bend the brow, is to knit the brow ; to scowl ; to frown. 

BEND, v. i. 1. To be crooked ; to crook, or be curving. 2. 
To incline ; to lean or turn. 3. To jut over ; as, a bending 
cliff. 4. To resolve, or determine. 5. To bow, or be sub- 
missive. 

BEND, n. 1. A curve ; a crook ; a turn in a road or river ; 
flexure ; incurvation. — 2. In marine language, a knot by 
which one part of a rope is fastened to another, or to an 
anchor. 3. Bends of a ship are the thickest and strongest 
planks in her sides, more generally called wales. — 4. In 
heraldry, one of the nine honorable ordinaries, containing a 
third part of the field, when charged, and a fifth, when plain 

f BEKD. n. A band. — Spenser. 

UEND'-WITH, n. A plant.— Diet. 

BEND'A-BLE, a. That may be bent or incurvated. 

BEND'ED, \pp. or a. Strained; incurvated; made crooked ■ 

BENT, j inclined; subdued.' 

BEND'ER, n. The person who bends, or makes crooked ; 
also, an instrument for bending other things. 

BENDING, ppr. Incurvating ; forming into a curve ; stoop- 
ing ; subduing ; turning, as a road or river ; inclining ; 
leaning ; applying closely, as the mind ; fastening. 

BEND'LET, n. In heraldry, a little bend, which occupies & 
sixth part of a shield. — Bailey. 

BEND'Y, n. In heraldry, the field divided into four, six, or 
more parts, diagonally, and varying in metal and color. 

BEN'E, n. The popular name of the sesamum orientale, or 
oil plant, called in the West Indies vangloe. 

BE-NeAP'£D (be-neeptf), a. Among seamen, a ship is be- 
neaped when the water does not flow high enough to float 
herfrom a dock or over a bar. 

BE-Ne ATH', prep. [Sax. beneath.] 1. Under ; lower in place, 
with something directly over or on. 2. Under, in a fig- 
urative sense ; bearing heavy impositions, as taxes, or op- 
pressive government. 3. Lower in rank, dignity, or ex 
cellence. 4. Unworthy of ; unbecoming; not equal to. 

BE-Ne ATH', adv. 1. In a low* place.— Mortimer. 2. Be- 
low, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region. 

BEN'E-DICT, In. A newly ^married man. [Derived from 

BEN'E-DICK, 5 the name of Benedick, one of the charac 
ters in Shakspeare's Much Ado about Nothing.] 

t BEN'E-DI€T, a. [L. benedictus.] Having mild and salu 
brious qualities. — Bacon. 

BEN-E-DICT'lNE, a. Pertaining to the order or monks o' 
St. Benedict, or St. Benet 

BEN-E-DICT'lNES, n. pi. An order of monks, who profess 
to follow the rules of St. Benedict In the canon law, they 
are called black friars. 

BEN-E-DIC'TION, n. [L. benedictio.] 1. The act of blessing , 
a giving praise to God, or rendering thanks for his favors ; 
a blessing pronounced. 2. Blessing, prayer, or kind wish- 
es, uttered in favor of any person or thing ; a solemn or 
affectionate invocation of happiness ; thanks ; expression 
of gratitude. 3. The advantage conferred by blessing. 4. 
The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the conse- 
cration of a bishop. 

t BEN-E-DICTIVE, a. Tending to bless ; giving a blessing 
— Gauden. 

BEN-E-FACTION, n. [L. benefacio.] 1. The act of confer- 
ring a benefit 2. A benefit conferred, especially a chari 
table donation. 

BEN-E-F ACTOR, n. He who confers a benefit. 

BEN-E-F ACTRESS, n. A female who confers a benefit 

BEN'E-FICE, a. [L. beneficium.] 1. Literally, a benefit, ad» 



D6VE;— BULL, UNITE;— AN'GER, VI"C10US.-- G as 
G • 



K: das J; 



SH ; TH as in this, 't Obsolete. 



BEN 



98 



BER 



vantage, or kindness. But, in present usage, an ecclesiastic- 
al living inferior to that of a bishop. 2. In the middle 
ages, benefice was used for a fee, or an estate in lands. 

BEN'E-FiCjBD (ben'e-fist), a. Possessed of a benefice or 
church preferment. — Auliffc. 

1 BEN'E-FlCE-LESS., a. Having no benefice. 

82-NEF'I-CENCE, iu [L. benefice ntia.] The practice of doing 
good ; active goodness, kindness, or charity. 

&E-NEF'I-CENT, a. Doing good ; performing acts of kind- 
ness and charity. — Syn. Bountiful ; bounteous ; liberal ; 
munificent; generous; charitable. 

BE-NEF'I-CENT-LY, ado. In a beneficent manner. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIAL (ben-e-tish'al), a. 1. Conferring benefits ; 
contributing to a valuable end. 2. Receiving or entitled to 
have or receive advantage, use, or benefit ;' as, the bene- 
ficial proprietor of an estate. — Syn. Advantageous ; use- 
ful ; profitable ; helpful. 

\ BEN-E-Fl"CIAL, n. A benefice. — Spenser. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIAL-LY,ai«. Advantageously ; profitably ; help- 
fully. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIAL-NESS, n. Usefulness ; profitableness. 

.BEN-E-Fl"CIA-RY (ben-e-fish'a-ry), a. [L. bene fie iarius.] 
Holding some office or valuable possession in subordina- 
tion to another. 

BEN-E-Fi"CIA-RY (ben-e-fish'a-ry), n. 1. One who holds a 
benefice. 2. One who receives any thing as a gift, or is 
maintained by charity. 

BEN-E-Fl"ClEN-CY, u. Kindness or favor bestowed. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIENT, a. Doing good.— Adam Smith. 

BEN'E-FIT, n. [L. benefixium ; Fr. bievfait.] 1. An act of 
kindness ; a favor conferred. 2. That which is useful or 
beneficial ; a word of extensive use, and expressing what- 
ever contributes to promote prosperity and happiness. 3. 
A performance at a theater, the proceeds of winch go to 
one of the actors as part of his recompense. The term is 
also applied to a performance for the benefit of some indi- 
gent, deserving person, or some public institution or chari- 
ty. — 4. In law, benefit of clergy. [See Clergy.]— Syn. Ad- 
vantage ; profit ; service ; use •, avail. 

BEN'E-FIT, v. t. To do good to ; to advantage ; to advance 
in health or prosperity. 

BEN'E-FIT, v. i. To gain advantage ; to make improvement. 

BEN'E-FIT-ED, pp. Profited ; having received benefit. 

BEN'E-FIT-ING, ppr. Doing good to ; profiting ; gaining ad- 
vantage. 

\ BE-Ne'GRO, v. t. To make extremely dark. — Hewyt. 

) BE-NeME', v. t. 1. To name. 2. To promise ; to give. 

\ BE-NEMP'NE, v. t. To name.— Spenser. 

BE'NE PLACI-TO. [It.] In music, at pleasure. 

\ BEN-E-PLAC'I-TtJRE, n. [L. beneplacitum.] Will ; choice. 
— Glanville. 

\ BE-NET, v. t. To catch in a net ; to insnare. 

BE-NEV'O-LENCE, n. [L. benevolentia.] 1. The disposition 
to do good ; the love of others, accompanied with a desire 
to promote their happiness. 2. An act of kindness ; good 
done ; charity given. 3. A species of contribution or tax, 
nominally a gratuity, but in fact illegally exacted by arbi- 
trary kings of England. — Syn. Love ; kindness ; good- 
will ; goodness ; tenderness ; affection ; charity ; benigni- 
ty; generosity. 

BE-NEV'O-LENT, a. [L. benevolens.] Having a disposition 
to do good ; possessing love to mankind, and a desire to 
promote their prosperity and happiness. — Syn. Kind ; af- 
fectionate ; tender : loving ; charitable ; generous ; hu- 



BE-NIG'NI-TY, n. 1. Goodness of disposition or heart ; kind 
ness of nature ; graciousness. 2. Actual goodness ; beneti- '• 
cehce. 3. Salubrity ; wholesome quality ; or that which 
tends to promote health. — Wiseman. 

BE-NiGN'LY (be-nine'ly), adv. Favorably ; kindly ; gra- 
ciously. 

BEN'I-SON (ben'e-zn), n. [Fr. benir, benissant.] Blessing 
benediction. [Nearly antiquated.] 

BEN'JA-MIN, n. 1. A tree, the laurus benzoin, called, also, 
spice-bush. 2. A gum or resin, or, rather, a balsam. See 
Benzoin. ' 

BEN'NET, n. The herb bennet, or avens ; known in botany 
by the generic term geum. 

BEN'NET-FISH, n. An African fish of two fe-:t in length 

BENT, pp. or a., from bend. Incurvated ; infier ced ; inclined , 
prone to, or having a fixed propensity ; determined. — Beat 
on, having a fixed inclination. 

BENT, n. 1. The state of being curving, or crooked ; flex- 
ure ; curvity. 2. Declivity ; as, the bent of a hill — Dryden, 
[unusual.] 3. A leaning or bias of mind. 4. Flexion ; par 
ticular direction. 5. Application of the mind.— Syn. Inclina- 
tion ; tendency ; disposition ; prepossession ; fixed purpose. 

BENT, In. 1. A kind of grass, called in bolary 

BENT'-GRiSS, 5 agrostis. 2. A withered stalk of grass. 

BENT'ING-TlME, n. The time when pigeons feed onbents, 
before pease are ripe. 

BE-NUMB' (-num), v. t. [Sax. beniman, benyman ; pp. benum- 
en.] 1. To make torpid ; to deprive of sensation. 2. To 
stupefy ; to render inactive. 

BE-NUMB'£D (benumd'), pp. Rendered torpid; deprived 
of sensation; stupefied. 

BE-NUMB'ED-NESS, n. Destitution of feeling.— Smith- 

BE-NUMB'ING, ppr. Depriving of sensation ; stupefying. • 

BE-NUMB'MENT, n. Act of benumbing.— Kirby. 

BEN'ZO-aTE, n. A salt formed by the union of the benzoic 
acid with any salifiable base. 

BEN-Zo'I€, a. Pertaining to benzoin. — Benzoic acid, or flow- 
ers of benzoin, is a peculiar vegetable acid, obtained from 
benzoin and other balsams by sublimation or decoction 

BENZOIN', 1 n. Gum benjamin ; a fragrant, concrete res 

BEN'JA-MIN, 5 rnous juice, flowing from the styrax benzo 
in, a tree of Sumatra, &e. 

BEN'ZULE, n. A compound of carbon, hydrogen, and ox 
ygen, regarded as the base of benzoic acid ; [also spelled 
benzyle.] 

BE-PaINT, v. t. To paint ; to cover with paint.— Shak. \IAl 
tie used.] 

1 BE-PaLE', v. t. To make pale. — Carew. 

BE-PINCH', v. t. To mark with pinches. 

BE-PINCHT ' \PP' ^- ar ^ e( ^ w ^ tn pinches. — Chapman,. 

BE-PLIIT'ED, a. Plaited.— Mrs. Butler. 

BE-POWDEB-, v. t. To powder; to sprinkle or covev "with 

powder. 
BE-PRaISE', v. t. To praise greatly or extravagantly. 
BE-PUCK'ER£D, a. Puckered. 
BE-PUFF'£D (be-puff), a. Puffed. 
BE-PUR'PLE, v. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color. 
BE-QUeAIH', v. t. [Sax. becwathan.] 1. To give or leave by 

will ; to devise some species of property by testament 

Hence, 2. To hand down to posterity ; as, to bequeath a 

family quarrel. 
BE-Q.UEATH'.ED (be-kweefhd'), pp. Given or left by wilL 
BE-QJJeATH'ER, n. One who bequeaths ; a testator. 
BE-QUeATH'ING, ppr. Giving or devising by testament 
BE-QUeATH'MENT, n. The act of bequeathing ; a bequeet 
BE-QUEST', n. Something left by will ; a legacy. 
BE-QUoTE', v. t. To quote frequently. 
t BE-RAIN', v. t. To rain upon. — Chaucer. 
BE-RaTE', v. t. To chide vehemently ; to scold. 
BE-RAT'TLE, v. t. To fill with rattling sounds or noise 

Shak._ 
t BE-RaY', v. t. To make foul ; to soil. — Milton. 
BER'BE-RIN, n. A yellow, bitter principle, contained in the 

alcoholic solution of the extract of the barberry plant 
BER'BER-RY, n. [L. berberis.] See Barberry. 
Be RE, n. The name of a species of barley in Scotland. 
BE-ReAVE', v. t. ; pret. bereaved, berift ; pp. bereaved, bereft 

[Sax. bereafian.] 1. To deprive ; to strip ; to make desti- 
tute; with of before the thing taken away. 2. To take 

away from. — Shak. 
BE-REAV.ED (be-reevd'), pp. or a. Deprived; stripped, and 

left destitute. 
BE-ReAVE'MENT, n. Deprivation, particularly by the loss 

of a friend by death. 
BE-ReAV'ER, n. He who bereaves. 
BE-ReAV'ING, ppr. Stripping bare ; depriving. 
BE-REFT',j?p. of bereave. Deprived; made destitute. 
BER-EN-GI'RI-ANS, n. pi. A sect in the eleventh century, 

named from Berengarius, who denied the doctrine of 

transubstantiation. 
t BERG, n. [Sax. beorg.] A borough ; a town that sends 

burgesses to parliament; a castle. — Ash. See Bur<3. 

See~Syno~psisT A~E, iJccJ~o~ng^A, e, 1, <fcc., short.— FIP^ FALL, wllAT^PRSYi-^IA^'NE, 1-il^D ;— HOVE, BOOK," 



f BE-NEV'0-LENT-NESS,%. Benevolence. 

t BE-NEV'O-LOUS, a. Kind ; friendly ; benevolent. 

BE-NEV'O-LENT-LY, adv. In a kind manner ; with good 
will. 

BEN-GAL', n. 1. That portion of Hindostan which lies on 
the lower part of the River Ganges. 2. A thin stuff, made 
of silk and hair, for women's apparel ; so called from 
Bengal. 

BEN'GAL-LIGHT, n. A species of fire-works, used as sig- 
nals by night or otherwise, prodxicing a steady and vivid 
blue-colored fire. 

BEN'GAL STRIPES, n. A kind of cotton cloth, covered 
with colored stripes. 

BEN-GAL-EE', n. The language or dialect spoken in Bengal. 

BEN-GAL-eSE', n. sing, and pi. A native, or the natives 
of Bengal.— As. Res., vh., 171. 

BE-NlGHT', v. t. 1. To involve in darkness ; to shroud with 
the shades of night. 2. To overtake with night. 3. To in- 
volve in moral darkness or ignorance ; to debar from in- 
tellectual light. 

BE-NlGHT'ED, pp. or a. Involved in darkness, physical or 
moral ; overtaken by the night 

BE-NIGN' (be-nineO, a. [L. benignus.] 1. Having qualities 
or dispositions which tend to produce good ; having a sal- 
utary influence ; [applied to persons and things.] — Syn. 
Kind ; propitious ; favorable ; salutary ; gracious ; whole- 
some ; liberal ; generous. 
BE-NIG'NANT, a. Kind ; gracious ; favorable. 



BES 



99 



BES 



BERG'A-MOT, n. [Fr. bergamotte.] 1. A variety of pear. 2. 
A species of citron. 3. An essence or perfume from the 
citron. 4. A species of snuff perfumed with bergamot. 5. 
5. A coarse tapestry. 

BERG'AN-DER, n. A burrow duck ; a duck that breeds in 
holes under cliffs ; the sheldrake. 

\ BERG'E-RET, n. [Fr. berger.] A song.— Chaucer. 

BERG'MAN-lTE, n. A variety of scapohte, found in Nor- 
way. 

BERG'MaS-TER, n. [Sax. beorg, and master.] The bailiff 
or chief officer among the Derbyshire miners. 

BERG'MOTE, n. [Sax. beorg, and mote.] A court held on a 
hill in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies 
between the miners. 

BE-RHyME', v. t. To mention in rhyme or verse ; used in 
con tempt. — Sliak. 

* BER'LIN, n. A vehicle of the chariot kind. 

BERLIN BLUE, n. Prussian blue. 

BER-LUG'CIO, n. A small bird, somewhat like the yellow- 
hammer, but less, and more slender. 

BERME, n. 1. hi fortification, a space of ground of three, 
four, or five feet in width, left between the rampart and 
the moat or loss. — 2. In canals, the slanting bank of a 
canal on the side opposite the towing-path ; called, also, 
the berme-bank. 

BEPv/NA-GLE. See Barnacle. 

BERTSTARD-iNE, a. Pertaining to St. Bernard, and the 
monks of the order. 

BER'NARD-INES, n, pi. An order of monks, founded by 
Robert, abbot of Moleme, and reformed by St Bernard. 

f BE-ROB', v. t. To rob.— Spenser. 

BER'O-E, n. An oceanic animal of the Medusa family, hav- 
ing an oval or globular body, of a transparent, gelatinous 
consistence. This is one of the animals that produce the 
phosphorescence of the ocean. 

BER'RI£D (ber'rid), a. Furnished with berries. 

BER'RY, n. [Sax. beria.] 1. A succulent or pulpy fruit, con- 
taining naked seeds, including many varieties. 2. A mound, 
[for barrow.] 

BER'RY, v. i. To bear or produce berries. 

BERHY-BEaR-ING, a. Producing berries. 

BERTtY-FORMED, a. Formed like a berry.— Smith. 

BERT, n. [Sax. beorht, berht ; Eng. bright.] This word enters 
into the names of many Saxon princes and noblemen ; as, 
Egbert, Sigbert. See Bright. 

BERTH, n. 1. A station in which a ship rides at anchor, 
comprehending the space in- which she ranges. 2. A room 
or apartment in a ship, where a number of officers or men 
mess and reside. 3. The box or place for sleeping, at the 
sides of a cabin ; the place for a hammock, or a repository 
for chests, &c. 4. A place or employment. 

BERTH, v. t. To berth, in seamen's language, is to allot to 
each man a place for his hammock. 

BER'THI-ER-lTE, n. [from M. Berthier.] A dark, steel-gray 
ore of antimony, consisting of antimony, iron, and sulphur. 

BERTRAM, n. Bastard pellitory, a plant. 

BER'YL, n. [L. beryllus.] A mineral of great hardness, oc- 
v curring in green or bluish-green, six-sided prisms. It is 
identical with the emerald, except in color, the latter hav- 
ing a purer and richer green. Beryl crystal is not now 
used except when speaking of the beryl. 
IERTL-LiNE, a. Like a beryl ; of a light or bluish green. 

3E-RYLTI-UM, n. The same as glucinum, which see. 

! BE-SaINT, v. t. To make a saint. 

BE-SaYLE', n. [Norm, ayle ; Fr. aieul.] A great-grand-father. 

f BE-SGATTER, v. t. To scatter over.— Spenser. 

\ BE-SGORN', v. t. To treat with scorn ; to mock at — 
Chaucer. 

\ BE-SGRATCH', v. t. To scratch ; to tear with the nails.— 
Chaucer. 

BE-SGRAWL', v. t. To scrawl ; to scribble over. 

BE-SGREEN', v. t. To cover with a screen ; to shelter ; to 
conceal. — Shah. 

BE-SGREEN'JJD (be-skreend') 1 pp. Covered ; sheltered ; 
concealed. 

BE-SGRIB'BLE, v. t. To scribble OYer.— Milton. 

f BE-SCUM'BER, v. t. To encumber.— Ben Jonson. 

\ BE-SEE', v. i. To look ; to mind.— Wicklije. 
BE-SEECH', v. t. ; pret. and pp. besought. [Sax. be and secan.] 
To ask or pray with urgency. — Syn. To entreat ; plead ; 
implore ; supplicate ; beg ; crave. 
BE-SEECH, n. Request. 
BE-SEECH'ER, n. One who beseeches. 
BE-SEECH'ING, ppr. Entreating. 
BE-SEECH'ING-LY, adv. In a beseeching manner, 
y BE-SEEK', v. t. To beseech.— Chaucer. 
BE-SEEM', v. t. To become ; to be fit for, or worthy of; to 

be decent for. 
BE-SEEM1NG, ppr. or a. Becoming ; fit ; worthy of. 
BE-SEEM1NG, n. Comeliness.— Barret. 
BE-SEEM1NG-LY, adv. In a beseeming manner. 
BE-SEEMTNG-NESS, n. Quality of being beseeming. 
BE-SEEM'LY, a. Becoming ; fit : suitable. 



t BE-SEEN', a. Adapted; adjusted.— Spem>&. 
BE-SET, v. t. ; pret. and pp. beset. [Sax. besettan.] 1. To set 
upon or encircle. Hence, 2. To press on all sides, so as to 
perplex ; to entangle, so as to render escape difficult or im- 
possible. 3. To waylay. 4. To fall upon. — Syn. To sur- 
round ; inclose : environ ; hem in ; besiege ; encircle ; 
encompass ; embarrass ; urge ; press. 
BE-SETTING, ppr. Surrounding; besieging; waylaying. 
BE-SETTING, a. Habitually attending, or pressing, 
t BE-SHINE', v. t. To shine upon. 
BE-SHREW, v. t. 1. To wish a curse to ; to execrate. 2. 

To happen ill to. — Shah. [Not in use.] 
BE-SHROUD'ED, a. Shrouded, 
t -BE-SHUT, v. t. To shut up.— Chaucer. 
BE-SlDE', prep. 1. At the side of a person or thing ; near 
2. Over and above ; distinct from. 3. On one side ; out 
of the regular course or order ; not according to, but not 
contrary. 4. Out of ; in a state deviating from. 5. With 
the reciprocal pronoun, beside one's self, is out of the wits 
or senses. 
BE-SlDE', ? adv. Moreover ; more than that ; over and 
BE-SlDES', j above ; distinct from ; not included in the 

number, or in what has been mentioned. 
BE-SlD'ER-Y, n. A species of pear. — Johnson. 
BE-SlDES', prep. Over and above ; separate or distinct from. 
BE-SIegE', v. t. [be and siege ; Fr. siege.] 1. To lay siege to, 
or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of com- 
pelling to surrender, either by famine or by violent at- 
tacks. 2. To throng rotmd, and press upon ; as, besieged 
by applicants for office. — Syn. To beleaguer ; beset ; en- 
viron ; hem in ; invest ; block up ; encompass. 
BE-8lEG'_ED (be-seejd'), pp. or a. Surrounded or beset with 

hostile troops. 
BE-SIEgE'MENT, n. Act of besieging ; state of being be- 
sieged. 
BE-SlEG'ER, n. One who lays siege, or is employed in a 

siege. 
BESLEG'ING, ppr. Laying siege ; surrounding with armed 

forces. 
BE-SlEGTNG, a. Snrrounding in a hostile manner ; era- 
ployed in a siege. 
BE-SlEG'ING-LY, adv. In a besieging manner, 
t BE-SIT', v. t. To suit ; to become. — Spenser. 
t BE-SLIVE', v. t. To subjugate ; to enslave. 
BE-SLIV'ER, v. t. To defile with slaver. 
BE-SLaV'ERED, pp. Defiled with slaver.— Heber. 
BE-SLIV'ER-ING, ppr. Defiling with slaver. 
t BE-SLlME', v. t. To daub with slime ; to soil. 
BE-SLOB'BER-ING, ppr. Beslubbering.— Ed. Rev. 
BE-SLUB'BER, v. t. To soil or smear with spittle, cr ary 

thing running from the mouth or nose. [ Vulgar.] 
BE-SLUB'BER-ING, ppr. Smearing with spittle. 
BE-SMeAR', v. t. To bedaub ; to overspread with any vis- 
cous, glutinous matter, or with any soft substance that ad 
heres. Hence, to foul ; to soil. 
BE-SMeAR'.ED (be-smeerd'), pp. Bedaubed ; overspread 

with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive ; soded. 
BE-SMeAR'ER, n. One who besmears. 
BE-SMeAR'ING, ppr. Bedaubing ; soiling. 
BE-SMiRCH' (-smurch), v. t. To soil ; to foul ; to disoolor 
BE-SMoKE', v. t. To fold with smoke ; to harden or dry in 

smoke. [Little used.] 
BE-SM5K'£D (be-smokt), pp. Fouled or soiled with smoke ; 

dried in smok£. 
BE-SMUT', v. t. To blacken with smut ; to foul with soot. 
BE-SMUTTED, pp. Blackened with smut or soot 
BE-SNoW, v. t. To scatter like snow. [Little used.] 
BE-SNo W.ED (be-snodeO, pp. or a. Covered or sprinklpH 

with snow, or with white blossoms. — Hanbury. 
BE-SNUFF', v. t. To befoul with snuff. 
BE-SNUFF'^D (be-snuff ), pp. Foul with snuff— Yoxng. 
BE'SOM, n. [Sax. besm.] A broom ; a brush of fcwigga for 

sweeping. 
BE'SOM, v. t. To sweep, as with a besom.— Barlow 
BE'SOM-ER, n. One who uses a besom. 
BE-SORT', v. t. To suit ; to lit; to become.— Shalt. 
t BE-SORT, n. Company ; attendance ; tram.—Shak. 
BE-SOT' v t 1. To make sottish ; to infatuate ; to stupefy , 

to make dull or senseless. 2. To make to dote. 
BE-SOTTED pp. or a. Made sottish or stupid. — Besotted on. 

infatuated with foolish affection. 
BE-SOTTSD-LY, adv. In a foolish manner. 
BE-SOTTED-NESS, n. Stupidity; arrant folly; infatuation. 
BE-SO PTING, ppr. Infatuating ; making sottish or foolish. 
BE-SOTTING-LY, adv. In a besotting manner. 
BE-SOUGHT (be-sawtf), pp. of beseech. Entreated; im- 
plored ; sought by entreaty. 
BE-SPAN"GLE, v. t. To adorn with spangles ; to dot or 

sprinkle with something brilliant 
BE-SPAN"GL ED, pp. Adorned with spangles, or something 

shiningt 
BE-SPAN"GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles or glid- 
ing objects. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VX"CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; 3 as Z ; CH as SH ; TE a x Aisi * Or 



LofC. 



BES 



100 



BkT 



BE-SPATTER, v.t. 1. To soil by spattering; to sprinkle 
witli water, or with dirt and water. 2. To asperse with 
calumny or reproach. — Swift. 

BE-SPATTER.ED (be-spaf terd), pp. Spattered over ; soiled 
with dirt and water ; aspersed ; calumniated. 

BE-SPAT'TER-ING, ppr. Spattering with water; soiling 
with dirt and water ; aspersing., 

BE-SPA-WL', v. t. To soil or make foul with spittle.— Milton. 

BE-SPe AK', v. t. ; pret. bespoke ; pp. bespoke, bespoken. 1. To 
speak for beforehand ; to order or engage against a future 
time. 2. To forebode ; to foretell, as dangers. 3. To speak 
to ; to address. This sense is mostly poetical. 4. To betok- 
en ; to show ; to indicate by external marks or appear- 
ances ; as, his language bespeaks him a scholar. 

BE-SPeAK'ER, n. One who bespeaks. 

BE-SPe AK'ING, ppr. Speaking for or ordering beforehand ; 
foreboding ; addressing ; showing ; indicating. 

BE-SPeAK'ING, n. A previous speaking or discourse, by 
way of apology, or to engage favor. 

BE-SPE€K'LE, v. t. To mark with speckles or spots. 

BE-SPlCE', v. t. To season with spices. — Shak. 

t BE-SPIRT, \ v. t. To spurt out, or over ; to throw out in 

t BE-SPURT, ) a stream or streams. 

BE-SPIT, v. t. ; pret. bespit ; pp. bespit, bespitten. To daub or 
soil with spittle. 

BE-SPoKE', pret. and pp. of bespeak. 

BE-SPOT', v. t. To mark with spots.— Mortimer. 

BE-SPOTTED, pp. Marked with spots. 

EE-SPOTTING, ppr. Marking with spots. 

BE-SPReAD' (be-spred'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. bespread. To 
spread over ; to cover over. 

BE-SPReAD'ING (-spred'ing), ppr. Spreading over. 

t BE-SPRENT', part. Besprinkled ; sprinkled over. 

BE-SPRINK'LE, v. t. To sprinkle over ; to scatter over ; as, 
to besprinkle with dust 

BE-8PRINK'L£D, pp. Sprinkled over. 

BE-SPRINK'LER, n. One who sprinkles over. 

BE-SPRINK'LING, ppr. Sprinkling over. 

BE-SPRINK'LINGS, n. pi. Sprinklings. 

t BE-SPUT'TER, v. t. To sputter over. 

BEST, a. superlative. [Sax. best.] Literally, most advanced. 
Hence, 1. Most good ; having good qualities in the highest 
degree. 2. Most advanced ; most accurate ; as, the best 
scholar. 3. Most correct or complete. 4. The best. This 
phrase is elliptical, and may be variously interpreted ; as, 
the utmost power ; the strongest endeavor ; the most, the 
highest perfection ; as, let a man do his best. 5. At best, 
in the best manner ; in the utmost degree or extent. — To 
make the best of, to carry to its greatest perfection. — The 
best of the way, is the greater part ; as, we have gone the 
best of the way. [ The original meaning of the word.] 

BEST, n. Utmost ; highest endeavor ; as, to do one's best. 

BEST, adv. 1. In the highest degree ; beyond all others ; 
as, to love one best. 2. To the most advantage ; with the 
most ease. 3. With most profit or success. 4. Most in- 
timately or particularly ; most correctly. 

BEST-AR-RaN6'.ED, a. Arranged in the best manner. 

BEST-CON-CERTED, a. Concerted in the best manner. 

BEST-G6V'ERNED, a. Governed in the best manner. 

BEST-SPoK'^EN (-spo'kn), a. Spoken in the best manner. 

BEST-TEMTER.ED, a. Having the most kind or mild 
temper. 

BEST-TRIIN'JED, a. Trained in the best manner. 

BEST-WRIT'TJSN, a. Written in the beSt manner. 

BE-STaIN', v. t. To mark with stains ; to discolor, either 
the whole surface of a thing, or in spots. 

BE-STeAD' (be-sted'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. bestead. 1. To 
profit. 2. To accommodate. 3. To dispose. — Spenser. 

* BES'TIAL (besfyal), a. 1. Belonging to a beast, or to the 
class of beasts. 2. Having the qualities of a beast ; below 
the dignity of reason or humanity. — Syn. Brutish ; beast- 
ly ; brutal ; carnal ; vile ; low ; depraved ; sensual. 
BES-TIAL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of beasts. 2. Unnatural 

connection with a beast 
BES'TIAL-lZE, v. t. To make like a beast. 
BES'TIAL-LY, adv. Brutally; in a manner below hu- 
manity. 
j BESTIaTE, v. t. To make like a beast ; to bestialize. 
BE-STICK', v. t. ; pret. and pp. bestuck. To stick over, as 

with sharp points. 
BE-STiR' (be-sturO, v. t. To put into brisk or vigorous ac- 
tion; to move with life and vigor. [Usually with the re- 
ciprocal pronoun.] 
BE-STiR'RED (be-sturd'), pp. Roused into vigorous action ; 

quickened in action. 
BE-STiR'RING, ppr. Moving briskly ; putting into vigorous 

action. 
• BEST'NESS, n. The state of being best.^— Morton. 
T BE-STORM', v. i. To storm ; to rage. — Young. 
BE-SToW, v. t. 1. To give; to confer; to impart; with 
on, or upon. 2. To give in marriage ; to dispose of. 3. 
To apply , to place for the purpose of exertion, or use, 
as time or labor. 4. To lay out, or dispose of ; to give in 



payment for. as money. 5. To lay up in store , to de 
posit for safe keeping , to stow ; to place, as goods. 

BE-ST5 W'AL, n. Act of bestowing ; disposal. 

BE-ST5W.ED (be-stodeO, pp. Given gratuitously ; confer 
red ; laid out ; applied ; deposited for safe keeping. 

BE-SToW'ER, n. One who bestows ; a giver ; a disposer 

BE-SToW'ING, ppr. Conferring gratuitously ; laying cut 
applying ; depositing in store. 

BE-STOW'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving gratuitously ; 
conferring. — Perry. 2. That which is conferred, or given , 
donation. — Thodey. 

BE-STRAD'DLE, v. t. To bestride. 

t BE-STRAUGHT, a. Distracted ; mad.— Shak. 

* BE-STREW, v. t. ; pret. bestrewed ; pp. bestrewed, bestrown 
To scatter over ; to besprinkle ; to strow. 

BE-STREW.ED, pp. of bestrew. 

BE-STRlDE', v. t. ; pret. bestrid, or bestrode ; pp. bestrid, be- 
stridden. 1. To stride over ; to stand or sit with any thing 
between the legs, or with the legs extended across. 2. To 
step over. 

BE-STRID'ING, ppr. Extending the legs over any thing, so 
as to include it between them. 

BE-STRoDE', pret. of bestride. 

BE-STRoWN', pp. of bestrew. Sprinkled over. 

BE-STUGK', pp. of bestick. Pierced in various places with 
sharp points. 

BE-STUD', v. t. To set with studs ; to adorn with bosses. 

BE-STUD'DED, pp. Adorned with studs. 

BE-STUD'DING, ppr. Setting with studs ; adorning as with 
bosses. 

BE-SURE' (-shure'), adv. Certainly. — Lothrop. [A vulgarism.] 

t BE-SWlKE' (be-swik'), v. t. [Sax. beswican.] To allure.— 
Gower. 

BET, n. [Sax. bad.] A wager ; that which is laid, staked, 
or pledged in a contest. 

BET, v. t. To lay a bet ; to lay a wager. 

BET, the old participle of beat, is obsolete or vulgar. 

BE-TaKE', v. t. ; pret. betook; ^.betaken. [Sax. betacan.] 1 
To take to ; to have recourse to ; to apply ; to resort , 
with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. Formerly, to take or 
seize. — Spenser, [obs.] 

BE-TaK'UN, part, of betake. 

BE-TaK'IJTG, ppr. Having recourse to ; applying ; resorting 

t BE-TAUGHT', pret. of betake.— Chaucer. 

t BE-TEEM', v. t. To bring forth ; to produce ; to shed ; to 
bestow. — Shak. 

Be'TjEL (be'tl), n. A species of pepper, the leaves of 
which are chewed with the areca, or betel-nut, and lime, 
by the inhabitants of the East Indies. 

Be'TEL-NUT, n. The nut of the areca palm. It is chewed 
in the East Indies with betel leaves and chunam, or lime. 

BE-THINK', v. t. ; pret. and pp. bethought. To call to mind • 
to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consider 
ation. — Syn. To recollect ; remember ; reflect. 

BE-THINK', v. i. To have in recollection ; to consider. 

BETH'LE-HEM, n. [Heb. the house of food or bread.] 1. A 
town in Judea, about six miles southeast of Jerusalem, 
famous for its being the place of Christ's nativity. 2. A 
hospital for lunatics ; corrupted into bedlam. 

BETH'LEM-lTE, n. 1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem ; a lu- 
natic. — 2. In Church history, the Bethlemites were a sort 
of monks. 

BE-THOUGHT (be-thawtf), pret. and pp. of bethink. 

BE-THRALL', v. t. To enslave ; to reduce to bondage ; to 
bring into subjection. [Little used.] 

BE-THRALL'JED, pp. Enslaved. 

BE-THRALL'ING, ppr. Reducing to slavery. 

BE-THUMP', v. t. To beat soundly. [Little used.] 

BE-TlDE', v. t. ; pret. betid, or betided ; pp. betid : [be and 
tidej Sax. tidan.] To happen ; to befall ; to come to. 

BE-TIDE', v. i. To come to pass ; to happen. 

BE-TIME', ladv. [be and time, that is, by the time.] 1 

BE-TlMES', > Seasonably ; in good season or time ; be- 
fore it is late. 2. Soon ; in a short time. 

BE-T5K/.EN (be-toTui), v. t. [Sax. betacan.] 1. To signify by 
some visible object ; to show by signs. 2. To foreshow 
by present signs. — Syn. To presage ; portend ; indicate , 
mark; note. 

BE-T5K/.EN.ED, pp. Foreshown ; previously indicated 

BE-ToK'UN-ING, ppr. Indicating by previous signs. 

BET'O-NY, n. [L. betonica.] The popular name of a genua 
of plants, of which one species was formerly much nsea 
in medicine. 

BE-TOOK', pret. of betake. 
BE-ToRN', a. Torn in pieces. 

BE-TOSS', v. t. To toss ; to agitate ; to disturb ; to put ia 

violent motion. — Sliak. 
BE-TOSS'£D (be-tosf ), a. Tossed ; violently agitated, 
t BE-TRAP', v. t. To entrap ; to insnare. — Occleve. 
BE-TRaY', v. t. [betray seems to be a compound of be and 
dragan, to draw.] 1. To deliver into the hands of an en 
emy by treachery or fraud. 2. To violate by fraud or £&> 
faithfulness, as a trust. 3. To violate confidence by dis 



Sx Sy 'wpsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FAT ,L, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



BEV 



101 



BEW 



closing a secret 4. To disclose, or permit to appear, what i 
is intended to be kept secret, or what prudence would 
conceal, as one's feelings. 5. To mislead or expose to in- 
convenience not foreseen. 6. To show ; to disclose ; to 
indicate what is not obvious at first view, or would other- 
wise be concealed. 7. To fail, or deceive. 

BETRaY'AL, n. Betrayment. 

BETRaY'ED (be-trade^, pp. Delivered up in breach of 
trust ; violated by unfaithfulness ; exposed by breach of 
confidence ; disclosed contrary to expectation or inten- 
tion ; made known. 

BE-TR,aY'ER, n. One who betrays ; a traitor. 

BE-TRaY'ING, ppr. Delivering up treacherously ; violating 
confidence ; disclosing contrary to intention ; exposing ; 
discovering. 

BE-TRaY'MENT, n. Act of betraying ; breach of trust. 

BE-TRIM', v. t. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn ; to grace ; to 
embellish ; to beautify ; to decorate. 

BETRIM'MED (be-trimd') ) pp. Adorned ; decorated. 

BETRIM'MING, ppr. Decking; adorning; embellishing. 

BE-TROTH' v. t. 1. To contract to any one, in order to a 
future marriage ; to promise or pledge one to be the fu- 
ture spouse of another ; to affiance. 2. To contract with 
one for a future spouse ; to espouse. 3. To nominate to 
a bishopric, in order to consecration. 

BETROTHED (be-trothtf) pp. or a. Contracted for future 
marriage. 

BETROTHING, ppr. Contracting to any one, in order to 
a future marriage, as the father or guardian ; contracting 
with one for a future wife, as the intended husband; 
espousing. 

BE-TROTH'MENT, n. A mutual promise or contract be- 
tween two parties, for a future marriage between the 
persons betrothed ; espousals. 

BETRUST, v. t. To intrust ; to commit to another in con- 
fidence of fidelity ; to confide. 

BE-TRUST'ED,^. Intrusted; confided; committed in trust. 

BE-TRUSTING, ppr. Intrusting ; committing in trust. 

BETRUST'MENT, n. The act of intrusting ; the thing in- 
trusted. 

BET'SO, n. The smallest Venetian coin. — Mason. 

BETTED, pp. Laid as a wager. 

BETTER, a. comp. [Sax. bet, more, better; betere, betera, 
better.] 1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than 
another ; applied to physical, acquired, or moral qualities. 
2. More advantageous. 3. More acceptable. 4. More safe. 
5. Improved in health ; less affected with disease. — 6. To 
be better off, to be in a better condition. — 7. To have the 
better, is to have the advantage or superiority. — 8. To get 
or gain the better, is to obtain the advantage, superiority, 
or victory. — 9. For the better, is for the advantage or im- 
provement. 

BETTER, adv. 1. In a more excellent manner ; with more 
skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage, or success. 2. More 
correctly, or fully. 3. With superior excellence. 4. With 
more affection ; in a higher degree. 

BETTER, v. t. [Sax. beterian, betrian.] To make better, 
either in the internal state, or external condition. — Syn. 
To improve ; meliorate ; mend ; amend ; correct ; emend ; 
reform ; rectify ; advance ; promote. 

BETTER, n. A superior ; one who has a claim to prece- 
dence on account of his rank, age, or office. 

BETTERED, pp. Improved; meliorated; made better. 

BETTER-ING, ppr. Making better ; improving. 

BETTER-ING-HOUSE, n. A house for the reformation of 
offenders. 

BETTER-MENT, n. Improvement. W. Montague.— Bet- 
terments, in law, are those improvements of an estate 
which render it better than mere repairs. — Bouvier. 

BETTER-NESS, n. Superiority.— Tooker. 

BETTING, ppr. Laying a wager. 

BETTING, n. The laying of a wager. 

BETTOR, 71. One who bets or lays a wager. 

BETTY, n. A small instrument to break open doors. 

BETUM'BLED, a. Rolled about ; tumbled ; disordered. 

BETuTORED, a. Tutored ; instruct*' d.— Coleridge. 

BETWATTLED, a. Confounded ; overpowered ; stupefied. 

BETWEEN', prep. [Sax. betweonan, betwynan.] 1. In the 
intermediate space, without regard to distance. 2. From 
one to another ; passing from one to another, noting ex- 
change of actions or intercourse. 3. Belonging to two or 
more, in common or partnership ; as, having property 
between them. 4. Having mutual relation to two or more ; 
as, contests between them. 5. Noting difference, or dis- 
crimination of one from another. 
BETWIXT, prep. [Sax. betwyx, betwyxt.] 1. Between ; in 
the space that separates two persons or things. 2. Pass- 
ing between ; from one to another, noting intercourse. 
BEVEL, n. [Fr. buveau.] 1. Among masons, carpenters, 
joiners, &c, an instrument, or kind of square, one leg of 
which is frequently crooked, according to the sweep of 
an arch or vault. It is movable on a point or center, and 
so may be set to any angle. An angle that is not a zight 



angle is called a bevel angle, whether obru->e or acute, ii. 
A slant or inclination of a surface from a right line. 

BEVEL, a. Slant ; having the form of a bevel. 

BEVEL, v. t. To cut to a bevel angle.— Moxon. 

BEVEL, v.i. To slant, or incline off to a bevel edge. 

BEVEL-GeAR (-geer), n. Wheel-work whose cogs stand 
beveling, or at oblique angles to the shaft. 

BEVELED, pp. or a. Formed to a bevel angle. — In miner- 
alogy, replaced (as an edge) by two planes m*'lining equally 
to the adjoining planes. 

BE VEL-ING, ppr. Forming to a bevel angle. 

BEVEL-IN G, a. Slanting toward a bevel angle ; bending 
from a right line. 

BEVEL-ING, n. 1. A hewing of timber with a proper and 
regular slant toward a bevel angle, according to a mold 
laid on one side of its surface. 2. The slant or bevel ol 
timber. 

BEVEL-MENT, n. In mineralogy, the replacement of an 
edge by two similar planes, equally inclined to the in- 
cluding faces or adjoining planes. 

Be'VER. See Beaver. 

t Be'VER, n. [It. bevere.] A small repast between meals ' 

Be'VER, v. i. To take a small repast between meals. 

BEVER-AGE, n. [It. beveraggio.\ 1. Drink; liquor for 
drinking. It is generally used of an agreeable liquor. 2. 
Formerly, a drink or treat given for labor. Hence, 3. A 
treat on wearing a new suit of clothes ; a treat on first 
coming into prison ; a garnish. — 3. In England, water- 
cider, a mixture of cider and water. 

BEV'lLE, n. In heraldry, a thing broken or opening, like a 
carpenter's bevel. 

BEVY, n. 1. A flock of birds. (Sportsmen now confine the 
term to quails. — Rich. Diet.) Hence, 2. A company ; an 
assembly or collection of persons ; [usually applied to fe- 
males.] 

BE-WIIL', v. t. To bemoan ; to lament ; to express deep 
sorrow for. 

BE-Wa.IL', v. i. To express grief. — Shalt. 

BE-WIIL'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented. 

BE-WaIL'ED (be-wald'), pp. Lamented; bemoaned. 

BE-WaIL'ER, n. One who laments or bewails. — Ward. 

BE-WaIL'ING, ppr. Lamenting; bemoaning; expressing 
grief for. 

BE-WaIL'ING, n. Lamentation.— Raleigh. 

BE-WaIL'ING-LY, adv. In a mournful manner. 

BE-WIIL'MENT, n. The act of bewailing. 

t BE-WIKE', v. t. To keep awake.— Gower. 

BE-WaRE', v. i. [Sax. bewerian, bewarian, gewaria?i.] Lit- 
erally, to restrain or guard one's self from. Hence, to re- 
gard with caution ; to avoid ; to take care. [It is hardly 
correct to use the word, as in Exodus, xxiii., in the sense, 
" to have a special regard to."] 

BE-WEEP', v. t. To weep over ; to bedew with tears. — 
Shak. [Little used.] 

BE-WEEP', v. i. To make lamentation. [Little used.] 

BE-WEPT,.pp. Wept over; bedewed with tears. [Littleused. 

t BE-WET, v. t. To wet ; to moisten. 

BE-WHoRE' (-hore'), v. t. To corrupt with regard to chas- 
tity. — Beaum. and Fletch. To pronounce a whore. — Shak 

BE-WIL'DER, v. t. [Dan. forvilder, vilder ; D. verwildcren.} 
To lead into perplexity or confusion ; to lose in pathless 
places. — Syn. To perplex ; puzzle ; entangle ; confuse , 
lead astray. 

BE-WIL'DERED, pp. Lost in mazes ,• perplexed with dis- 
order, confusion, or intricacy. 

BE-WIL'DER-ED-NESS, n. State of being bewildered. 

BE-WIL'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Losing in a pathless place ; 
perplexing with confusion or intricacy. 

BE-WIL'DER-ING-LY, adv. So as to bewilder. 

BE-WIL'DER-MENT, n. State of being bewildered. 

t BE-W1NTER, v. t. To make like winter. 

BEWITCH', v. t. 1. To fascinate ; to gain an ascendency 
over by charms or incantation. 2. To charm ; to fasci- 
nate ; to please to such a degree as to take away the pow- 
er of resistance. 3. To deceive and mislead by juggling 
tricks or imposture. 
BE-WITCH'ED (be-wichtT), pp. Fascinated ; charmed. 
BE-WIT CH'ED-NESS, n. State of being bewitched.— Bp. 

Gauden. 
BE-WITCH'ER, n. One who bewitches or fascinates. 
BE-WITCH'ER-Y, n. Fascination ; charm ; resistless pow- 
er of any thing that pleases. 
BE-WITCH'FUL, a. Alluring ; fascinating. 
BE-WITCHTNG, ppr. Fascinating; charming. 
BEWITCHING, a. That has power to bewitch or fasci- 
nate ; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing. 
BE-WITCH'ING-LY, adv. In a fascinating manner. 
BE-WJTCHTNG-NESS, n. Quality of bewitching. 
BE-WITCH'MENT, n. Fascination ; power of charming. 
Be'WITS, n. pi. Straps of leather by which bells are fast 

ened to a hawk's legs. — Booth. 
t BE -W6N'DERED, a. Amazed.— Fairfax. 
BE- WRAP' (be-rap'), v. t. To wrap up. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt 'CIOUS.— € asK; dasj; SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in this. Obsolete. 



BJB 



102 



BID 



BE-WRIY' (be-ra/), v. t. [Sax. wrecan, to tell; awreon, on- 
wreon, to reveal.] To disclose perfidiously ; to betray ; to 
show or make visible. [ This word is nearly antiquated.] 

BE-WRaY'.ED (be-radeO, pp. Disclosed; indicated; be- 
trayed; exposed to view. 

BE-WRa Y'ER, n. A divulger of secrets ; a discoverer. 

BE-WRa Y'ING, ppr. Disclosing ; making known or visible. 

BE-WRa YTNG-LY, adv. In a manner to bewray. 

BE-WRIY'MENT, n. Act of bewraying. 

f BE-WRECK' (be-rek'), v. t. To ruin ; to destroy. 

t BE-WROUGHT (be-rawf), a. Worked.— Ben Jonson. 

BEY (ba), n. In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a 
town or particular district of country ; also, in some places, 
a prince ; the same as the Arabic beg. See Beg. 

BE-YOND', prep. [Sax. begeond, begeondan.] 1. On the 
further side of; on the side most distant, at any indefinite 
distance from that side. 2. Before ; at a place not yet 
reached.— Pope. 3. Past; out of reach of; further than 
any given limit. 4. Above ; in a degree exceeding or sur- 
passing ; proceeding to a greater degree. — To go beyond, 
is a phrase which expresses an excess in some action or 
scheme ; to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in any 
thing else ; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circumvent. 

BE-YOND', adv. At a distance ; yonder. — Spenser. 

BEZAN, n. A cotton cloth from Bengal, white or striped. 

BE-ZANT, n. A gold coin of Byzantium. See Byzant. 

BE-ZANT'LER, n. [from antler.] The branch cf a deer's 
horn, next above the brow antler. 

BEZ'EL, n. [Sw. betzel, a rein.] The upper part of the col- 
let of a ring, which encompasses and fastens the stone. 

Be'ZoAR, n. [Pers.] 1. An antidote ; a general name for 
certain intestinal concretions of a calculous nature, for- 
merly supposed to be efficacious in prevenling the fatal 
effects of poison. 2. In a more general sense, any sub- 
stance formed, stratum upon stratum, in the stomach or 
intestines of animals. — Fossil bezoar is a figured stone, 
formed, like the animal bezoar, with several coats round 
some extraneous body, which serves as a nucleus ; found 
chiefly in Sicily, in sand and clay pits. — Bezoar-mineral, an 
oxyd of antimony. 

BEZ-O-aR'DIG, a. Pertaining to or compounded of bezoar. 

BEZ-O-aR'DI-G, n. A medicine compounded with bezoar. 

BEZ-0-aR'TI€-AL, a. Having the qualities of an antidote. 

t BEZ'ZLE, v. t. To waste in riot. 

BHU-CHAMPAC, n. A beautiful plant of India. 

BlA, n. In commerce, a small shell called a coiory, much 
used in the East Indies. 

Bi-AN"GU-LaTE, ) rT ,- ■, , , „ . _ 

Bl AN'GU La TED \ a ' C L> hls and an g ulus -\ Having two 

Bl-AN"GU-LOUS ' S an o les or corn ers. [Little used.] 

Bi'aRMT-AN, a. Noting a race of Finns in Northern Europe. 

Bi-aR-TIC'U-LATE, a. Having or consisting of two joints. 

BlAS, n. [Arm. bihays, or vies ; Fr. Mais.] 1. A weight on 
the side of a bowl, which turns it from a straight line. 2. 
A leaning of the mind toward an object. 3. That which 
causes the mind to lean or incline from a state of indiffer- 
ence to a particular object or course. This word is fa- 
miliarly used as an adjective or adverb for sloping, slant, 
crosswise ; as, a bias cheek ; to fall bias [Shak.] ; to cut 
cloth bias. — Syn. Tendency ; inclination ; propensity ; 
_disposition ; bent ; prepossession ; prejudice ; warp. 

Bi'aS, v. t. To incline to one side ; to give a particular di- 
rection to the mind. — Syn. To warp ; incline ; prejudice ; 
pervert; prepossess. 

t Bl'AS-DRAW-ING, n. Partiality.— Shak.. 

BIASSED (bi'ast), pp. or a. Inclined from a right line ; 
_warped; prejudiced. 

BlAS-ING, ppr. Giving a bias, particular direction, or pro- 
pensity; warping; prejudicing. 

f Bl'AS-NESS, n. Inclination to some side. 

Bl-AU-RIC'U-LATE, a. Having two auricles in the heart. 

Bl-AX'AL, a. Having two axes. — Brewster. 

BIB, n. 1. A small piece of linen, or other cloth, worn by 
children over the breast. 3. A fish about a foot in length, 
the back of a light olive, the sides yellow, and the belly 
white. 

BIB, v. i. [L. bibo.] To sip ; to tipple ; to drink frequently. 
—Locke. [Little used.] 

Bi-Ba'CIOUS (bi-ba'shus), a. [L. bibax.] Addicted to drink- 
ing ; disposed to imbibe. 

f Bl-BAC'I-TY, n. The quality of drinking much. 

BIB'BER, n. A tippler ; a man given to drinking ; chiefly 
used in composition ; as, wine-bibber. 

BIB'BLE-BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; prating to no purpose.— 
Shak. [A low word, and not used.] 

BIB'I-O, n. A name of the wine fly, a small insect. 

Bl'BLE, n. [Gr. (3i6\iov, (ii6\os, a book.] THE BOOK, by 
way of eminence ; the sacred volume, in which are con- 
tained the revelations of God. 

Bl'BLE SO-CI'E-TY, n. A society for the distribution of tfce 
Bible. 

BIB'LER, n. A tippler ; a great drinker. 

BIB'LI€-AL, a. Pertaining to the Bible. 



BIB'LI€-AL-LY, adv. In accordance with the Biblo, 

BIB'LI-GIST, n. One skilled in biblical knowledge. 

BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. (3i6\o$ and ypa<pw.] One wou 
composes or compiles the history of books ; one skilled in 
literary history ; a transcriber. 

BIB-LI-O-GRAPRTC, \a. Pertaining to the history ol 

BIB-LI-O-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 books. 

BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHY, n, A history or description of books : 
an account of books and manuscripts, with notices of the 
different editions, the times when they were printed, and 
other information tending to illustrate the history of lit- 
erature. 

BIB-LI-OL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. /MAto? and Xarpsia.] Worship 
or homage paid to books. — Southey. 

BIBU-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. j3i6\oS and [lavreta.] A kind oi 
divination, performed by means of the Bible, consisting in 
selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and drawing 
from them indications concerning things future. — Southey. 

BIB-LI-O-Ma'NI-A, n. [Gr. fhBXiov and navia.] Book-mad- 
ness ; a rage for possessing rare and curious books. 

BIB-L1-0-Ma'NI-A€, n. One who has a rage for books. 

BIB-LI-0-MA-NlA€-AL, a. Pertaining to a passion for books. 
— Quart. Rev. 

BIB-LI-0-PE61C, a. Relating to the binding of books. 

BIB-LI-OP'O-LIST, \7i. [Gr. (3i6\iov and ttwAew.] A book- 

BIB'LI-O-POLE, j seller. 

BIB-LI-0-THe'€AL, a. [L. bibliotheca.] Belonging to a li 
brary. 

BIB-LI-OTH'E-CA-RY, n. A librarian.— Hall. 

BIB'LI-O-TKIKE, n. A library.— Bale. 

BIB'LIST, n. 1. With the Roman Catholics, one who makes 
the Scriptures the sole rule of faith. 2. One who is conver- 
sant with the Bible. 

Bl-BRA-G'TE-ATE, a. Doubly bracteate.— Eaton. 

BIB'U-LOUS, a. [L. bibulus.] Spongy; that has the quality 
_of imbibing fluids -or moisture. 

Bl-€AL'€AR-ATE, a. Armed with two spurs, as the limb of 
an animal. 

Bl-GAP'SU-LAR, a. [L. bis and capsula.] In botany, having 
_two capsules containing seeds to each flower. 

BI-GaR'BON-AT£, n. A carbonate, containing two parts or 
equivalents of carbonic acid to one of base ; one of the 
_supercarbonates. 

BlCE, In. Among painters, a pale blue color, prepared 

BlSE, 5 from smalt. By the addition of orpiment a green 
color is produced^ bearing the same name. 

Bl-CEPHA-LOUS, a. [L. bis, and Gr. Kt<pa\n] Having two 
_heads. 

Bl-CIP'IT-AL, \a. [h. biceps and caput.] Having two heads 

Bl-CIP'IT-OUS, 5 Applied to the muscles, it signifies having 
two heads or origins ; and. any. such muscle is denomina- 



BICK'ER, v. i. [W. bicra ; Scot, bicker.] 1. To Skirmish ; to 
fight off and on ; [but in this sense rarely used.] 2. To 
quarrel ; to contend in words ; to scold ; to contend in 
petulant altercation. 3. To move quickly ; to quiver ; to 
be tremulous, like flame or water. — Milton. 

BI€K'ER-ER, n. One who engages in a petty quarrel. 

BI€K'ER-ING, ppr. Quarreling; contending; quivering. 

BI€K'ER-ING, n. Contention ; skirmish. 

t BICK'ER-MENT, n. Contention.— Spenser. 

BICK'ERN, n. An iron ending in a beak or pomt. 

Bl-GOL'LI-GATE, a. In ornithology, having the anterior 
_toes connected by a web. 

Bl-€6L'OR (-kullur), a. Having two distinct colors. 

Bl-CON'JU-GATE, a. [L.] In pairs ; placed side by side. 

Bl'CORN, ) „ . . , ' 

Bl-€ORN'OUS \ a ' Having two horns. — Browne. 

BI-COR'PO-RAL, a. [L. bicorpor.] Having two bodies. 

Bl-€Ru"RAL, a. Having two legs. 

Bl-€US'PID, }a. [L. bis and cuspis.] Having two 

Bl-CUS'PID-ATE, 5 points. 

BID, v. t. ; pret. bid, or bade ; pp. bid, bidden. [Sax. biddan. 
1. To ask ; to request ; to invite. 2. To command ; to or 
der or direct. 3. To offer ; to propose, as a price. 4." To 
proclaim ; to make known by a public voice. — Shal , [obs.] 
5. To pronounce or declare; as, to bid good-by. 6. To 
denounce, or threaten ; as, to bid defiance. 7. To wish, or 
pray. — To bid beads, is to pray with beads, as the Roman 
Catholics. — To bid prayers, is to exhort the congregation to 
pray for certain specified objects, which was formerly 
done by clergymen in the Church of England just before 
the sermon. Hook. — To bid fair, is to open or offer a good 
prospect ; to appear fair. 

BID, 

BID'] 

BID, n. An offer of a price ; [a word much used at auctions.' 

BID'aLE, n. In England, an invitation to drink ale at some 
poor man's house, and there to contribute in charity. 

BID'DER, n. One who bids or offers a price. — Burke. 

BID'DER-Y-WIRE, n. A kind of metallic ware made a, 
Biddery, in India, and composed of copper, lead, tin, ant 
spelter. — Encyc. Dom. Econ. 



)'D-EN \pP'°fbid. Invited; offered; commanded. 



See, Synopsis 1 E, I, &c, long.— I E T &c, short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOQK. 



BiG 



103 



B1L 



Bi D'DING, ppr. Inviting , offering ; commanding. 

BIDDING, n Invitation; command; order; a proclaraa- ; 
tion or notifying. — Shak. 

BlDE, v. i. [Sax. bidan.} 1. To dwell ; to inhabit. 2. To 
remain ; to continue, or be permanent ^ a place or state 
— Shak. [Nearly antiquated.'] 

BlDE. v. t. 1. To endure ; to suffer. — Shak. 2. To wait for ,. 
as, " I bide my time." — Scottish. 

Bi-DENTAL, a. [L. bideris.] Having two teeth. 

Bl-DENT'ATE, a. In botany, two-toothed. 

BI-DET, n. [Fr.] 1. A small horse. 2. An article of bed- 
room furniture, used in washing the body. 

BlD'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; continuing ; remaining. 

BlD'ING, n. Residence ; habitation. — Rowe. 

Bl-EN'NI-AL, a. [L. biennis.] 1. Continuing for two years ; 
taking place once in two years. — 2. In botany, continuing 
_for two years, and then perishing. Used also as a noun. 

Bl-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in two years ; at the return of 
two years. 

BIER (beer), n. [Sax. bar.] A carriage or frame of wood 
for conveying dead human bodies to the grave. 

BIeR'-BALK (-bawk), n. The church road for burials. — 
Homilies. [Not used in America.] 

BlE STINGS, n.pl. [Sax. byst, or bysting ; Ger. biestmilch.] 
_The first milk given by a cow after calving. 

Bl-FX'CIAL (-fa'shal), a. Having the opposite faces alike. 

Bi-Fa'RI-OUS, a. [L. bifarius.] Two-fold. — In botany, point- 
ing two ways. 

Bl-FI'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a bifarious manner. 

BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. bifer, biferus.] Bearing fruit twice a year. 

BIF'FIN, n. A baked apple crushed down into a flat, round 
cake. 

BI'FID, a. [L. bifidus.] In botany, two-cleft ; opening with a 
_cleft. 

Bl-FLo'ROUS, a. [L. bis and floreo.] Bearing two flowers. 
_— Martyn. 

Bl'FuLD, a. [L. bis and fold.] Two-fold ; double ; of two 
Jrinds, degrees, &c. 

Bl-Fo'LI-ATE, a. In botany, having two leaves. 

Bl'FO-RATE, a. Having two perforations, as the anthers of 
the rhododendron. 

BIF'O-RIN, n. A term applied to minute, oval sacks, found 
in the green, pulpy part of some plants. 

Bl'FORM, a. [L. biformis.] Having two forms, bodies, or 
_shapes. 

Bl'FORM ED, a. Compounded of two forms. 

Bl-FORM'I-TY, n. A double form.— More. 

Bl-FRoNT'ED, a. Having two fronts. 

Bl-FUR'€AT£, \ a. [L. bifurcus.] Forked ; divided into 

Bi-FUR'€a-TED, 5 two branches. 

Bi-FUR-€a'TION, n. A forking, or division into two 
branches. 

Bl-FUR'COUS, a. Two-forked.— Coles. 

BIG, a. 1. Literally, enlarged or swelled out in bulk or size. 
Hence, 2. Pregnant ; applied to females, and followed by 
with. 3. Full ; fraught, and about to have vent, or be brought 
forth ; as, a crisis big with events. 4. Distended ; full, as 
with grief or passion. — Shak. 5. Inflated, as with pride ; 
hence, haughty in air or mien, or indicating haughtiness ; 
as, to look big. 6. Great in spirit ; lofty ; brave. — Stn. 
Bulky; large; great; proud; arrogant. 

BIG, n. A kind of barley. 

t BIG, v. t. [Sax. byggan.] To build. 

f BIG'AM, n. A bigamist. — Bp. Peacock. 

BIGA-MIST, n. One who has committed bigamy, or had 
two wives or husbands at once. 

BIGA-MY, n. [L. bis, and Gr. yauos.] 1. The crime of hav- 
ing two wives or husbands at a time. — 2. In the canon law, 
the marriage of a second wife, or of a widow as a first wife. 
— Shak., Rich. III., 7. 

BIG-BEL'LLED, a. Having a great belly ; advanced in preg- 
nancy. 

BIG'-BoNjED, a. Having large bones. — Herbert. 

BIG'-€ORN£D, a. Having large grains.— Dryden. 

BIG.-NaM.ED, a. Having a great or famous name. 

BIG'-SOUND-ING, a. Having a pompous sound. 

BIG'-SWoLN, a. Greatly swelled ; ready to burst. 

EIG'-UD-DER£D, a. Having large udders, or udders swelled 
with milk. — Pope. 

Bl-GEM'IN-ATE, a. [L. bis and geminus.] Twin-forked. 

BIG'GIN, n. [Fr. beguin.] 1. A child's cap, or something 
worn about the head. 2. A building. [Sax. byggan.] — 
Shak., [obs.] 

BlGHT (bite), n. [D. bogt.] 1. A bend, or small bay be- 
tween two points of land. 2. The double part of a rope 
when folded, in distinction from the end ; that is, a round, 
bend, or coil, any where except at the ends. 3. The in- 
ward bent of a horse's chambrel, and the bent of the fore 
_knees. 

.Bl-GLAND'U-LAR, a. Having two glands, as a plant. 

BIG'LY, adv. In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner. 

BIG'NESS, n. Bulk ; size ; largeness ; dimensions. 

BIG'OT, n. [Fr. bigot.] A person who is obstinately and 



unreasonably wedded to a particular creed, opinion, prac- 
tice, or rituaL 

BIG'OT, ? a. Obstinately and blindly attached to some 

BIG'OT-ED, j creed, opinion, practice, or ritual. 

BIG'OT-ED-LY, adv. In the manner of a bigot; pertina 
ciously. 

BIG'OT-RY, n. 1. Obstinate or blind attachment to a par 
ticular creed ; unreasonable zeal or warmth in favor of a 
party, sect, or opinion ; excessive prejudice. 2. The prac- 
tice or tenet of a bigot. — Pope. 

Bi-Hy-DROG'U-RET, n. A compound of two atoms of hy- 
drogen, as the electro-negative ingredient, with one atom 
of some other substance, as the electro-positive ingredient. 

BI-J6U (be-zhoo'), n. , pi. Bijoux. [Fr.] A trinket, or a fit- 
tie box ; a jewel. 

Bi-JoUTRY (be-zhoo'try), n. The making or dealing in jew- 
_elry ; jewelry. 

Bl-Ju'GOUS, \a. [L. Ms sjaijugum.] Having two pairs of 

BI-Ju'GATE, 5 leaflets. 

Bt-LA'BI-aTE, a. [L. Ms and labium.] Having two lips, as 
the corols of flowers. 

Bl-L AM'EL-LATE, a. [L. bis and lamella ] Having the form 
of a flatted sphere, longitudinally bifid. 

BIL'AN-DER, n. [D. bylander.] A small merchant vessel, 
used chiefly on the Dutch canals ; so called, as moving 
_close by land. 

Bl-LATTER-AL, a. [L. Ms and lotus.] Having two sides. 

BIL'BER-RY, n. The name of a shrub and its fruit ; a spe- 
cies ofvaccinium, or whortle-berry, of a blue color. 

BIL'BO, n. A rapier ; a sword ; so named, it is said, from 
Bilboa, in Spain, where the best are made. 

BIL'BoES, n. pi. On board of ships, long bars of iron with 
shackles, used to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders. 

BIE'BO-QUET (bflbo-ket), n. [Fr.] The toy called a cup 
and ball._ 

BILD'STElN, n. See Agalmatolite. 

BlLE, n. [L. Mlis ; Fr. bile.] A yellow liquor, separated 
from the blood in the fiver, collected in the hepatic duct, 
and thence discharged by the common duct into the duo- 
denum. 

BlLE, n. An inflamed tumor. [See Boil, the correct or- 
thography.] 

BlLE'DUCT, n. [bile, and L. ductus.] A vessel or canal to 
convey_bile ; the hepatic duct and its branches. 

BILE'SToNE, n. A concretion of viscid bile. 

BILGE, n. [a different orthography of bulge.] 1. The pro- 
tuberant part of a cask at me middle. 2. The breadth of a 
ship's bottom on which she rests when aground. 

BIL6E, v. i. To suffer a fracture in the bilge ; to spring a 
leak by a fracture in the bilge. 

BILgE'-PUMP, n. A pump to draw the bilge-water from a 
ship. 

BILgE'-WA-TER, n. Water which lies on the bilge or bot- 
tom of a sbip, and ordinarily very offensive. 

BILGjED, pp. or a. Having a fracture in the bilgo. This 
participle is often used, as if the verb were transitive. 

BIL'IA-RY, a. [L. Mlis.] Belonging to the bile; conveying 
the bile. — Biliary calculus, a gall stone or concretion fornv 
ed in the gall-bladder. 

Br-LIN"GUAL, ) T . . 

Bl-LIN"GUAR; \ a - Jntwo kngMgea. 

Bl-LIN"GUOUS, a. [L. bis and lingua.] Having two tongues, 
or speaking two languages. 

BIL'IOUS (bil'yus), a. [L. Mliosus.] Pertaining to bile ; con- 
sisting or partaking of bile. 

BI-LITER-AL, a. [L. bis and literal.] Consisting of two let- 
ters. 

BILK, v. t. [Goth. Mlaikan.] To frustrate or disappoint; to 
deceive or defraud by non-fulfi llm ent of engagement. 

BILK'ED, pp. or a. Disappointed ; deceived ; defrauded. 

BILK'LNG, ppr. Frustrating ; defrauding. 

BILL, n. [Sax. bile.] 1. The beak of a fowl. 2. An instru- 
ment in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a handle, 
used in cutting, pruning, &c. 3. A kind of halberd, or bat- 
tle-ax, formerly used by English infantry. 4. A pickax. 

BILL, n. [Norm. Mile.] 1. In law, a declaration in writing, 
expressing some wrong or fault. — 2. In law, and in com- 
merce, in ^England, an obligation or security given for 
money, but without forfeiture for non-payment. 3. A form 
or draft of a law, presented to a legislature, but not enact- 
ed. 4. An advertisement posted up. 5. Any written pa- 
per, containing a statement of particulars, or amount of 
goods sold. — 6. A bill of exchange is an order drawn on a 
person, requesting him to pay money to some person as- 
signed by the drawer. — 7. A bill of entry is a written ac- 
count of goods entered at the custom-house. — 8. A bill of 
sight is a provisional entry, at the custom-house, of goods 
respecting which the importer has not full information so 
as to describe them exactly.— 9. A bill of lading is a writ- 
ten account of goods shipped by any person.— 10. A bill 
of mortality is an account of the number of deaths in a 
place in a given time.— 11. Bank-bill. [See Bank.] — 12. 
A bill of rights is a summary of rights and privileges 



DAVE -—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



BIN 



104 



BIP 



Claimed by a people. — 13. A bill of divorce, in the Jewish 
law, was a writing given by the husband to the wife, by 
which the marriage relation was dissolved. — 14. Bill of 
credit. A bill or note for raising money on the mere credit 
of a state. — 15. Bill of sale. A written conveyance of per- 
sonal property, corresponding to a deed of real estate. It 
must be a sealed paper in England, but in the United States 
it may be without seal. — 16. Bill of health. A certificate 
from the proper authorities as to the state of health of a 
ship's company at the time of her leaving port. 
BILL, v. i. To join bills, as doves ; to caress in fondness. 
\ BILL, v. t. To advertise by a bill or public notice. 
BILL'-BOOK, n. A book in which a person keeps an ac- 
count of his notes, bills, bills of exchange, &c. ; thus show- 
ing all that he issues and receives. — Bouvier. 
? BILL'-MAN, n. He who uses a bill ; applied particularly 

to soldiers. 
BILL'-STIGK'ER, n. One employed to stick up bills or 

placards in public places. 
BILL'ET, n. [Fr. billet.] A small paper or note in writing, 
used for various purposes ; sometimes it is a short letter, 
addressed to some person ; sometimes a ticket, directing 
soldiers at what house to lodge. — In heraldry, a billet is a 
bearing of an oblong square form. — Brande. 
BILL'ET, n. [Fr. billot.] 1. A small stick of wood. 2. An 

ornament in Norman architecture. 
BILL'ET, v. t. To direct a soldier by a ticket or note where 

to lodge ; to quarter, as soldiers. 
BILL'E T-^Do UX (bille-doo), n. [Fr.J A love note or letter. 
BILL'ET-ING, ppr. Quartering, as soldiers in private houses. 
BILLIARD (bil'yard), a. Pertaining to the game of billiards. 
BILLIARDS (bil'yardz), n.pl. [Fr.billard.] A game played 
on a rectangular table, covered with a green cloth, with 
small ivory balls, which the players aim to drive into haz- 
ard-nets, or pockets, at the sides and corners of the tables, 
by impelling one ball against another, with maces or cues. 
BIL'LING, ppr. or n. Joining of bills ; caressing. 
BIL'LINGS-GaTE, n. [from a market of this name in Lon- 
don, celebrated for fish and foul language.] Foul language ; 
ribaldry. 
BILLION (bil'yun), n. [L. bis, and million.] A million of 
millions. Among the French, a thousand millions. — Brande. 
BIL'LOT, n. Gold or silver in the bar or mass. 
BIL'LoW, n. [Dan. bulge ; Sw. bblja.] A great wave or surge 

of the sea, occasioned usually by violent wind. 
BLL'LoW, v. i. To swell ; to rise and roll in large waves or 

surges. — Prior. 
BIL'LoW-BeAT-£N, a. Tossed by billows. 
BIL'LoWED, pp. Swelled, like a billow. 
BIL'LoW-ING, ppr. Swelled into large waves or surges. 
BIL'LoW-Y, a. Swelling, or swelled into large waves , 

wavy; full of billows or surges. 
Bl'LoB.ED, ) a. [L. bis, and Gr. \o6oS.] Divided into two 
Bl-Lo'BATE, 5 lobes. 
Bl-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. bis and loculus.] Divided into two 

_cells, or containing two cells internally. 
Bl-MAG'U-LATE, a. Having two spot3. 
Bl-MA'NA, n. A term applied to the highest order of mam- 
malia, of which man is the type and sole genus 
BI-Ma'NOUS, a. [L. bis and manus.] Having two hands. 

Man is bimanous. — Lawrence. 
Bi-MaR'GIN-ATE, a. Having a double margin. 
BI-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. bis and medial.] In mathematics, if 
two medial lines, A B and B C, commensurable only in 
power, and containing a rational rectangle, are compound- 
ed, the whole line A C will be irrational, and is called a 
first bimedial line. 
Bl-MEN'SAL, a. Occurring once in two months. 
Bl-MUS'GU-LAR, a. [bis and muscular.] Having two at- 
taching muscles and two muscular impressions, as a vi- 
valve mollusk. 
BIN, n. [Sax. binn, or binne.] A wooden box or chest, used 

as a repository of corn or other commodities. 
t BIN. The old word for be and been. 
BIN'A-€LE 71. [formerly bittacle.] A wooden case, or box, 

in which the compass is kept on board a ship. 
Bl'NA-RY, a. [L. binus.] Compounded of two.— Binary 
number is that which is composed of two units.— Binary 
compound, in chemistry, a compound of two elements. — 
Binary star, a double star, whose members have a revolu- 
tion round their common center of gravity. 
Bl'NA-RY, n. The constitution of two.— Fotherby. 
BI'NaTE, a. [L. binus.] Being double, or in couples ; grow- 
ing in pairs. 
BIND, v. t. ; pret. bound ; pp. bound, and obs. bounden. [Sax. 
bindan.] 1. To tie together, or confine with a cord, or 
any thing that is flexible ; to fasten, as with a band, fillet, 
or ligature. 2. To gird, in wrap, or involve ; to confine by 
a wrapper, cover, or bandage. 3. To confine, or restrain, 
as with a chain, fetters, or cord. 4. To restrain in any 
manner. 5. To oblige by a promise, vow, stipulation, cov- 
enant, law, duty, or any other moral tie ; to engage. 6. 
To confirm or ratify. 7. To distress, trouble, or confine 



by infirmity. 8. To constrain by a powerful influence ot 
persuasion ; as, I am bound to do it. 9. To restrain the 
natural discharges cf the bowels ; to make costive 10. To 
form a border ; to fasten with a band, or any thing that 
strengthens the edges ; as, to bind a carpet. 11. To cover with 
leather, or any thing firm; to sew together and cover. 12. 
To cover or secure by a band. 13. To oblige to serve by 
contract. 14. To make hard or firm. — To bind to, is to con 
Jtract. — To bind over, is to oblige by bond to appear at a court 

BIND, v. i. 1. To contract ; to grow hard or stiff. 2. To 
grow or become costive. 3. To be obligatory. 

BIND, n. 1. A stalk of hops, so called from its winding 
round a pole or tree, or being bound to it. 2. The indu- 
rated clay of coal mines. Brande. — 3. In music, a ligaturs 
_or tie which groups notes together. 

BlND'-WEED,?i. A troublesome weed, of the genus con 
volvulus. 

BlND'ER, n. 1. A person who binds ; one whose occupation 
is to bind books ; one who binds sheaves. 2. Any thing 
Jthat binds, as a fillet, or band. 

BlND'ER- Y, n. A place where books are bound. 

BlND'ING, ppr. Fastening a band; confining; restraining, 
covering, as a book ; obliging by a promise, or other mora! 
_tie ; making costive ; contracting ; making hard or stiff 

BlND'ING, a. That binds ; that obliges ; obligatory. 

BINDING, n. The act of fastening with a band, or obliging, 
a bandage ; the cover of a book, with the sewing and ac 
companying work ; any thing that binds ; something thaU 
secures the edge of cloth. 

BlND'ING-LY, adv. So as to bind. 

BlND'ING-NESS, n. State of having force to bind. 

Bl-NERV'ATE, a. Having the wing, as that of an insect, 
supported by only two nerves. 

BING, n. In alum works, a heap of alum thrown together 

BIN'NA-CLE. n. The compass-box of a ship. 

BIN'O-GLE, n. [L. binus and oculus.] A dioptric telescope 
fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to 
_view an object with both eyes at once. 

Bl-NO€'tJ-LAR, a. Having two eyes ; also, having two ap 
ertures, or tubes. 

Bl-NOC'U-LATE, a. Having two eyes. 

Bl-No'MI-AL, a. [L. bis and nomen.] In algebra, a root con 
sisting of two members, connected by the sign plus or 
minus. 

Bl-NOM'IN-OUS, a. [L. bis and nomen.] Having two names, 

Bl-NOTO-NOUS, a. Consisting of two notes. 

Bl-NOXTD, n. [L. bis and oxyd.] In chemistry, deutoxyd, 
_which see. 

Bl-OC'EL-LiTE, a. Marked with two eye-like spots, as the 
_wings of an insect. 

Bl-OG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes an account of the life 
and actions of a particular person ; a writer of fives. 

Bl-O-GRAPHIG, \a. Pertaining to biography, or the 

Bl-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, 5 history of the life of a person ; con- 
taining biography. 

Bl-O-GRAPH'IG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a biography. 

Bl-OCRA-PHY, n. [Gr. (3io5 and ypafu.] The history of 
the life and character of a particular person. 

Bl OL'O-tiY ,n. [Gr. (3tos and \oyoi.] The science of life ; 8 
_term introduced by Treviranus in place of physiology. 

Bl-O-Tl'NA, \n. A mineral from Vesuvius. See Anor 

Bl'O-TlNE, 5 THITE. 

I : HO-VA€J &eBlvoUAC - 

BIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. bis and pario.] Bringing forth two at a 

birth. 
BI-PaRT'I-BLE, \a. [L. bis and partio.] That may be di- 
BIP'AR-TiLE, j vided into two parts. 
Bl-PAR'TIENT (bi-par'shent), a. [L. bis and partio, partiens.] 

Dividing into two parts. 
BIP'AR-TlTE, a. [L. bis and partitus.] 1. Having two cor 

respondent parts.- 2. In botany, divided into two parts to 
_the base, as a leaf. 
Bl-PAR-TI"TION, n. The act of dividing into two parts, or 

_of making two correspondent parts. 
Bl-PE-G'TIN-ATE, a. In botany, having two margins toothed; 

Jike a comb. 
Bl'PED, n. [L. bipes.] An animal having two feet, as man. 
BIP'E-DAL, a. Having two feet, or the length of two feet. 
Bl-PEL'TATE, a. Having a defense like a double shield 
Bl-PEN'NATE, a. Having two wings. 
Bl-PETAL-OUS, a. [L. bis and Gr. iteraXov.] Having twr 

flower leaves, or two petals. 
BI-PIN'NATE, > a. [L. bipinnatus.] In botany, having pin 
Bl-PINNA-TED, > nate leaves on each side of tho petiole. 
Bl-PIN-NATI-FID, a. [L. bis, pinna, and findo.] Doubly 

pinnatifid ; having the primary segments of the leaves 

pinnatifid. 
Bl-Po'LAR, a. Doubly polar. — Coleridge. 
Bl-PUNCTU-AL, a. Having two points. 
Bi-Pu'PIL-LaTE, a. In entomology, a term applied to an 

eye-like spot on the wing of a butterfly, having in it dots 

of a different color. 



See Synopsis, ill, &c, long.— a, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



B1R 



105 



BIS 



Bl-QCJAD'E-ATE, n. [L. bis and quadratus.) In mathematics, 

the fourth power, arising from the multiplication of a 

_square by itself. 
Bl-QUAD-RATIC, n. The same as biguadrate. 
Bl-QUAD-RAT'I€, a. Pertaining to the biquadratic, or fourth 

power. 
Bl-QUIN'TILE, n. [L. bis and quintus.] An aspect of the 

planets,- when they are distant from each other by twice 

the fifth part of a great circle. 
Bi-Ra'DI-aTE, \a. [L. bis and radiatus.] Having two 
Bi-Ra'DI-a-TED, 3 rays. 
BIRCH, n. [L. Sax. birce:] A genus of trees, the betula, of 

which there are several species. Its smaller branches, 

being tough and slender, were formerly much used for 

rods, especially in schools. 

BiRCH'EN l a ' Made of birch ; consisting of birch. 
BiRCH WINE, n. Wine made of the vernal juice of the 

birch. 
BIRD, n. [Sax. bird, or bridd, a chicken.] 1. Properly, a 

chicken, the young of fowls, and hence, a small fowl. 2. 

In modern use, any fowl, or flying animal. 
BIRD, v. t. To catch birds.—- Shak. 
BIRD OF PAR'A-DISE, n. A genus of birds found in the 

Oriental isles, some of them remarkably beautiful. 
BIRD'-BoLT, n. An arrow for shooting birds. 
BIRD'-Ca6E, n. A box or case for keeping birds. 
BiRD'-CALL, n. A little stick, cleft at one end, in which is 

put a leaf of some plant, for imitating the cry of birds. 
BIRD-CATCHER, n. One whose employment is to catch 

birds ; a fowler. 
BIRD'-CATCH-ING, n. The art of taking birds. 
BIRD'-CHER-RY, n. A tree, a species of prunus, whose 

fruit is peculiarly grateful to birds. 
BIRD'ER, n. A bird-catcher. 
B1RD-EY.ED (-ide), a. Quick-sighted ; catching a glance as 

one goes. 
BIRD'-FAN-CI-ER, n. 1. One who takes pleasure in rear- 
ing birds. 2. One who keeps for sale the various kinds 

of birds which are kept in cages. 
BIRDTNG-PIeCE, n. A fowling-piece. 
BIRD'-LiKE, a. Resembling a bird. 

BIRD'-LlME, n. A viscous substance, used to catch birds. 
B1RD-LIM.ED, a. Smeared with bird-lime ; spread to in- 

snare. — Howell. 
BIRD'-MAN, n. A fowler, or bird-catcher. 
BtRD'-OR-GAN, n. A small barrel-organ, used in teaching 

birds to sing. 
BIRD'-PEP-PER, n. A species of capsicum, affording the 

best Cayenne pepper. 
BtRDS'-EYE, a. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird ; 

seen at a glance : hence, general ; not minute, or detailed ; 

as, a birds-eye view of a subject. 
BIRDS'EyE, n. The popular name of a genus of flower- 
ing plants, called, also, pheasant' s-eye. 
BIRDS'EyE-Ma-PLE, n. A kind of maple having spots like 

the eye of a bird, much used in cabinet work. 
BIRDS'FOOT, n. A flowering plant, the ornithopus. 
BiRDS'FOOT-TRE'FOIL, n. A genus of plants. 
BIRDS'MOUTH, n. A term applied to an interior angle, or 

notch, cut at the extremity of a piece of timber, across the 

grain, to receive the edge of another piece to be inserted. 
BiRDS'NEST, n. 1. The nest in which a bird lays eggs, 

and hatches her young. 2. A plant— 3. In cookery, the 

nest of a small swallow, of China and the neighboring 

countries, delicately tasted, and esteemed a luxury. 

BfflSsTdNGUE,}*- Names of plant, 

BiRD'-WIT-TED, a. Flighty ; passing rapidly from one 
subject to another ; not having the faculty of attention. 

Bi'ReME, n. [L. biremis.] A vessel with two banks or tiers 
of oars.— Mitford. 

B1RGAN-DER, n. The name of a wild goose. 

BI-RHOM-BOID'AL, a. Having a surface composed of 
twelve rhombic faces. 

t BIRK'EN, v. t. [from birch, Sax. birce, byre] . To beat with 
a birch or rud. 

BIROS'TRaTE, )a. [L. bis and rostrum.] Having a 

Bi-ROS'TRa-TED, 5 double beak, or process resembling 
a beak. 

BlRT, n. A fish, called, also, turbot. 

BiRTH n. [Sax. byrd, beorth.] 1. The act of coming into 
life, or of being born. Except in poetry, it is generally 
applied to human beings. 2. Lineage ; extraction ; de- 
scent 3. The . condition in which a person is born; as, 
an Englishman by birth. ' 4. That which is born ; that 
which is produced, whether animal or vegetable. 5. The 
act of bringing forth. 6. Origin ; beginning ; as, a nation's 
birth. 

BEE TH s n ' A station i* 1 which a ship rides. See Berth. 
BiR TONIGHT, n. The night in which a person is born ; 
and the anniversary of that night in succeeding years. 



BIRTH -PL ICE, n. The town, city, or country where a 
person is born. 

BiRTH'-RIGHT (-rite), n. Any right or privilege to which 
a person is entitled by birth. 

BIRTH'-SONG, n. A song sung at the birth of a person. 

B1RTH-STRAN"GL£D, a. Strangled or suffocated in being 
born. — Shak. 

BIRTH'DIY, n. 1. The day in which any person is born. 
2. The same day of the month in which a person was 
born, in every succeeding year. 

t BiRTH'D6M, n. Privilege of birth.— Shak. 

BiRTH'ING. n. Any thing added to raise the sides of a 
ship. 

BIRTHLESS, a. Destitute of birth 

B1RTHW6RT, n. A genus of plants, aristolochia. 

BIS. In music, it denotes repetition of a passage. 

Bl'SA, In. A coin of Pegu, of the value of half a ducat , 

Bl'ZA, ) also, a weight. 

BIS'€0-TIN, n. [Fr.] A confection, made of flour, sugar, 
marmalade, and eggs. 

BIS'CUIT (bisTrit), n. [Fr. ; compounded of L. bis, twice, 
and cuit, baked.] 1. A kind of bread, formed into cakes, 
and baked hard for seamen. 2. A cake, variously made, 
for the use of private families. — 3. Earthen-ware, or por- 
celain, after the first baking, but before it has been glazed. 
4. In sculpture, a kind of unglazed porcelain, of which 
groups and figures are formed in miniature. —Bra?ide. 

BI-SEGT', v. t. [L. bis and seco.] To cut or divide into two 
parts. 

Bl-SECT'ED, pp. Divided into two equal parts. 

Bl-SECTTNG, ppr. Dividing into two equal parts. 

Bl-SECTION, n. The act of cutting into two equal parts ; 
the division of any fine or quantity into two equal parts. 

Bl-SEG'MENT, n. One of the parts of a line, divided into 
two equal parts. 

Bi-Se'RI-ATE, a. Existing in two series. 

Bi Sg'TOUS ( a ' [k- setosus.] Having two bristles. 
BI-SEX'OUS, a. Consisting of both sexes. — Brown. 
Bl-SEX'U-AL. a. In botany, hermaphrodite ; a term applied 

to flowers which contain both stamens and pistil in the 

same envelope. 
BISHOP, n. [L. episcopus ; Gr. miaKonos ; Sax. biscop.] 1. 

An overseer ; a spiritual superintendent, ruler, or director. 

2. In the primitive Church, a spiritual overseer ; an elder 
or presbyter ; one who had the pastoral care of a church. 

3. In the Greek, Latin, and some Protestant Churches, a 
prelate, or person consecrated for the spiritual govern- 
ment and direction of a diocese. 

BISHOP, 7i. 1. A cant word for a mixture of wine, oranges, 
and sugar. — Swift. 2. Part of a lady's dress. 

BISHOP, v. t. 1. To confirm ; to admit solemnly into the 
church. 2. Among horse-dealers, to use arts to make an 
old horse look like a young one. 

BISH'OP-LlKE, a. Resembling a bishop ; belonging to a 
bishop. 

BISHOP-D6M, n. Jurisdiction of a bishop. . 

BISHOP-ED (bish'opt), pp. Confirmed. 

BISHOP-ING, ppr. Confirming. 

BISH'OP-L Y, adv. In the manner of a bishop. — Hooker. 

BISH'OP-LY, a. Belonging to a bishop. 

BISH'OP-RIC, n. [bishop and ricJ] 1. A diocese ; the dis- 
trict over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. . 2. 
The charge of instructing and governing in spiritual con- 
cerns ; office. 

BISHOPS-WEED, n. A genus of plants, with the generic 
name ammi. 

BISHOPS-W6RT, n. A plant. 

BISK, n. [Fr. bisque.] Soup or broth, made by boiling sev- 
eral sorts of flesh together. 

BISK'ET, n. A biscuit. This orthography is adopted by 
many respectable writers. 

BIS'MUTH, n. [G. wissmuth.] A metal of a yellowish, or 
reddish-white color, and a lamellar texture. 

BIS'MUTH O'CHER, n. Native oxyd of bismuth, some- 
times containing a small portion of carbonic acid. 

BIS'MUTH- AL, a. Consisting of bismuth, or containing it 

BIS'MUTH-I€, a. Pertaining to bismuth. 

BIS'MUTH-INE, n. A rare mineral, composed of bismuth 
and sulphur ; a native sulphuret of bismuth. 

Bl'SON, n. [L.] A quadruped of the bovine genus, usually, 
but improperly, called the buffalo. 

BIS-SEX'TlLE, n. [L. bissextilis.] Leap-year, every fourth 
year, in which a day is added to the month of February 
on account of the excess of six hours, which the civil year 
contains above 365 days. 

BIS-SEXTiLE, a. Pertaining to the leap-year. 

t BIS'SON, a. [Sax. bisen.] Blind.*— Shak. 

BIS'TER, 1 n. [Fr. bistre.] A dark-brown pigment prepared 

BIS'TRE, ) from the soot of wood. 

Bl-STIP'UL.ED (bi-stip'uld), a. Having two stipules. 

BIS'TORT. n. [L. bistorta.) A plant, a species of polygo 
num, popularly 



D6VE ;— BULL, ¥NITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BIT 



106 



JBLA 



MS'ToU-RY (bis'tu-ry), n [Fr. bistourl.] A surgical instru- 
ment for making incisious. 

Br SUL'CATE, a. Two-furrowed. 

BI-SUL'COUS, a. [L. bisulcus.] Cloven-footed, as swine or 
oxen. 

Bl-SUL'PHU-RET, n. In chemistry, a sulphuret witli two 
atoms of sulphur as the electro-negative ingredient. 

BIT, n. [Sax. bitoi] The iron part of a bridle which is in- 
serted in the mouth of a horse, and its appendages, to 
which the reins are fastened. 

BIT, v. t. To put a bridle upon a horse ; to put the bit in 
the mouth. 

BIT, pret. and pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the teeth. 

BIT, n. [Sax. bita.] 1. A small piece ; a mouthful, or mor- 
sel; a bite. 2. A small piece of any substance. 3. A 
small coin of the West Indies. 4. A small instrument for 
boring holes. — This word is used, like jot and whit, to ex- 
press the smallest degree ; as, he is not a bit wiser or 
better. 

BITCH, n. [Sax. bicca, bicce, bice.] 1. The female of the 
canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox. 2. A name of 
_reproach for a woman. — Pope. 

BITE, v. t. ; pret. bit ; pp. bit, bitten. [Sax. bitan.] 1. To 
break or crush with the teeth, as in eating ; to pierce with 
the teeth, as a serpent ; to seize with the teeth, as a dog. 
2. To pinch or pain, as with cold. 3. To reproach with 
sarcasm ; to treat with severity by words or writing. 4. 
To pierce, cut, or wound ; as, a biting falchion. 5. To 
make to smart ; as, a biting pain. 6. To cheat ; to trick. 
— Pope. 7. To enter the ground, and hold fast, as the bill 
and palm of an anchor. — To bite the thumb at another was 
formerly a mark of contempt, intended to provoke a quar- 
rel ; as, in Shakspeare, " Do you bite your thumb at us ?" 

BITE, n. 1. The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an an- 
imal. 2. The wound made by the teeth. 3. A morsel ; a 
mouthful. 4. A cheat ; a trick ; a fraud ; [a low word.] 
5. A sharper ; one who cheats. 

BlT'ER, n. 1. One who bites ; that which bites ; a fish apt 
to take bait. 2. One who cheats or defrauds. 

Bl-TERN'ATE, a. [L. bis and ternus.] In botany, doubly 
ternate. 

BITING, ppr. Seizing, wounding, or crushing with the 
teeth ; pinching, paining, causing to smart with cold ; re- 
proaching with severity, or treating sarcastically ; cheating. 

BITING, a. Sharp ; severe ; sarcastic. 

BlT'ING, n. Act of biting. 

BITING-LY, adv. In a sarcastic or jeering manner. 

BITLESS, a. Not having a bit or bridle.— Fanshaw. 

BITMOUTH, n. The bit, or that part of a bridle which is 
put in a horse's mouth. 

BITTA-CLE, n. The box for the compass lights on board 
a ship. See Binnacle. 

BITTED, pp. Having the bit put in the mouth. 

BITT.EN (biftn), pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the 
teeth ; cheated. 

BITTER, a. [Sax. biter.] 1. Sharp or biting to the taste ; 
acrid ; like wormwood. 2. Sharp ; cruel ; severe ; as, 
bittei enmity. — Heb., i. 3. Sharp, as words ; reproachful ; 
sarcastic ; satirical. 4. Sharp to the feeling ; piercing ; 
painful , cruel ; severe ; that makes to smart. 5. Painful 
to the mind ; calamitous ; poignant. 6. Afflicted ; dis- 
tressed. 7. Hurtful ; very sinful. 8. Mournful ; distress- 
ing ; expressive of misery. 

BITTER, n. A substance that is bitter. See Bitters. 

BIT'TER, n. In marine language, a turn of the cable which 
is round the bitts. 

BITTER-GoURD, n. A plant, a species of cucumis. 

BITTER-SALT, n. Epsom salt ; sulphate of magnesia. 

BITTER-SPAR, n. A mineral resembling calc spar, but 
consisting of carbonate of magnesia and carbonate of 
lime. Dolomite is another name. 

BITTER-SWEET, n. A slender, climbing plant. — Encyc. 

BIT'TER-VETCH, n. 1. A species of ervum, or lentil, cul- 
tivated for fodder. 2. A genus of plants, known by the 
generic name orobus. 

BITTER-W6RT n. The plant called gentian. 

\ BIT'TER-FUL, a. Full of bitterness. 

BIT'TER,-ISH, a. Somewhat bitter ; bitter in a moderate 
degree. — Goldsmith. 

BITTER-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being moderately 
bitter. — Encyc. 

BITTER-LY, adv. 1. With a bitter taste. 2. In a severe 
manner ; in a manner expressing poignant grief. 3. In a 
manner severely reproachful. — Syn. Keenly; sharply ; 
severely ; cruelly ; painfully ; poignantly ; angrily. 

BITTERN, n. [D. butoor.] A bird of the grallic order, the 
ardea stellaris. It has. long legs and neck, and stalks 
among reeds and sedge, feeding upon fish. 

BITTERN, n. [from bitter.] 1. In salt-works, the brine re- 
maining after the salt is concreted. 2. A very bitter com- 
pound of quassia, cocculus indicus, &c, used to adulter- 

BIT'TER-NESS, n. 1. A bitter taste ; or, rather, a quality 



in things which excites a biting, disagreeable sensation 
in the tongue. 2. In a figurative sense, extreme enmity, 
grudge, hatred. 3. Sharpness ; severity of tempev . 4. 
Keenness of reproach ; piquancy ; biting satire, or sar- 
casm. 5. Keen sorrow ; painful affliction ; vexation ; ca- 
lamity ; deep distress of mind. 

BITTERS, n. pi. A liquor in which bitter herbs or roots 
are steeped. 

BITTING, ppr. Putting the bits in the mouth. 

BITTOUR, I ™ , .„ t, , 

BITTOR \ n - ■*■ ne bittern. — Dry den. 

BITT, v. t. To put round the bitts ; as, to bin the cable 

BITTS, n. pi. A frame of two strong pieces of timber fixed 
perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to 
fasten the cables when she rides at anchor. 

BI-TuME', n. Bitumen, so written for the sake of the 
rhyme. — May. 

BI-TuM'jED, a. Smeared with bitumen.— Shak. 

BI-Tu'MEN, n. [L.j This name is used to denote varioua 
inflammable substances, of a strong smell, and of different 
consistencies, which are found in the earth. 

BI-Tu'MI-NaTE, v. t. To impregnate with bitumen. 

BI-Tu'MI-Na-TED, pp. or a. Impregnated with bitumen 

BI-TU-MI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bitumen.— Kirwan 

BI-Tu'MIN-lZE, v. t. To form into, or impregnate with, bi- 
tumen. — Lit. Mag. 

Bl-Tu-MIN-I-ZITION, n. The process of forming bitumen 
— Mantell. 

BI-Tu'MIN-IZ-ING, ppr. Forming bitumen. 

BI-Tu'MI-NOUS, a. Having the qualities of bitumen ; com- 
pounded with bitumen ; containing bitumen. — Biiumino.<a 
shale, an argillaceous shale impregnated with bitumen, and 
jusually accompanying coal. 

Bl'VALVE, n. An animal having two valves, or a shell 
consisting of two parts, which open and shut. Also, a 
pericarp, whose seed vessel opens into two valves. 

Bl'VALVE, ^ a. Having two shells or valves which 

Bl-VALVU-LAR, > open and shut, as the oyster, and the 

BI-VALV'OUS, } seed vessels of certain plants. 

Bl- VAULTED, a. [L. bis and vault.] Having two vaults or 
arches. — Barlow. 

Bl-VEN'TRAL, a. [L. bis and venter.] Having two bellies. 
— Bailey. 

BIVI-OUS, a. [L. bivius.] Having two ways, or leading two 
ways. 

BIVOUAC (biv'wak), n. [Fr.] The guard or watch of a 
whole army; the encamping of soldiers for the night, with- 
out covering or tents, in readiness for immediate action. 

BIVOUAC (biv'wak), v. t. To watch, or be on guard, as a 
whole army ; to encamp during the night, without tent w 
covering. 

BIX'W6RT, n. A plant. 

BIZ'AN-TiNE. See Byzantine. 

BI-ZARRE', (be-zar / ), a. [Fr.] Odd; fantastical ; whimsical , 
extravagant. 

BLAB, v. t. [W. llavaru.] 1. To utter or tell in a thought 
less manner ; to publish secrets or trifles without discre 
tion. 2. To tell or utter ; in a good sense. — Shak. 

BLAB, v. i. To tattle ; to tell tales.— Shak. 

BLAB, n. A babbler ; a tell-tale ; one who betrays secrets 

BLAB'BER. n. A tattler ; a tell-tale. 

t BLAB'BER, v. i. 1. To whistle to a horse. 2. To falter , 
to fib. 

BLAB'BER-LIPP.ED (-lipt). See Blobber-lipped. 

BLAB'BING, ppr. Telling indiscreetly what ought to be 
concealed ; tattling. 

BLACK, a. [Sax. bloc, and Mac] 1. Of the color of night, 
destitute of light ; dark. 2. Darkened by clouds. 3. Sul- 
len ; having a cloudy look or countenance. 4. Atrociously 
wicked ; horrible. 6. Dismal ; mournful ; calamitous. — 
Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, 
which is accompanied with a mixture of blue. 

BLACK, n. 1. That which is destitute of light or whiteness ; 
the darkest color, or, rather, a destitution of all color. 2. 
A negro ; a person whose skin is black. 3. A black dress, 
or mourning. 

BLACK, v. t. To make black ; to blacken ; to soil. 

BLACK'-ACT, n. The English statute, 9 Geo. I., which 
makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren, 
&c, or to hunt or steal deer, &c, with the face blacked, or 
disguised. 

BLACK'-aRT, n. Conjuration. 

BLACKBALL, n. 1. A composition of tallow, &c, for black- 
ing shoes. 2. A ball of a black color, used as a negative 
in voting. 

BLACKBALL, v. t. To reject or negative in choosing, by 
putting black balls into a ballot-box. 

BLACK'BaR, n. A plea obliging the plaintiff to assign the 
place of trespass. 

BLA€K'BER-RI£D-HeATH', n. A plant. 

BLACK'BER-RY, n. [Sax. blacberian.] The berry of the 
bramble, genus rubus, of a pleasing taste. 

BLACK'BIRD, n. In England, a species of thrush, a sing- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BJRD ;- V OVE, BOOK, 



BLA 



107 



BLA 



ing bird with a fine note. The American black bird differs 
materially from the European. 

BLACKBOARD, n. A board used in schools, &c, for writ- 
ing, drawing lines, and various other purposes of instruc- 
tion. 

BLACK-BOOK, n. I. The Black-book of the exchequer in 
England, composed in 1175. 2. Any book which treats of 
necromancy. 3. A book compiled by order of the visitors 
of monasteries, under Henry VIII., containing a detailed 
account of the enormities practiced in religious houses, to 
blacken them, and to hasten their dissolution. 

BLA€K'-BROW.ED, a. Having black eye-brows ; gloomy ; 
dismal ; threatening. 

BLA€K-BRY'0-NY, n. A plant; the tamus. 

BLACK-CANK'ER n. A disease in turnips and other 
crops, produced by a species of caterpillar. — Farm. Enc. 

BLACK'GAP, n. 1. A bird; the mock -nightingale. 2. In 
cookery, an apple roasted till black. 

BLA€K'-€AT-TLE, n.pl. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, 
oxen, and cows, whatever may be their color. [English.] 

BLACK'-CHALK (black'-chawk), n. A mineral of a bluish- 
black color ; a variety of argillaceous slate. 

BLA€K'-€oAT, n. A common and familiar name for a 
clergyman, as red-coat is for a soldier. 

BLACK'COCK, n. A fowl, called, also, black-grouse and 
black-game. 

BLACK'-DaY, n. A day of gloom and disaster. — Sliak. 

BLACK-DeATH (-deth), n. The black plague. 

BLACK'DROP, n. A liquid preparation of opium in vinegar. 

BLACK'-eA'GLE, n. w. Scotland, a name given to the falco 
fulvus. 

BLACK-EARTH (-erth), n. Mold; earth of a dark color. 

BLA€K'-EY.ED (-ide), a. Having black eyes. 

BLACK'-FaCED (-faste), a. Having a black face. 

BLA€K'FISH, n. 1. A fish caugbt on the rocky shores of 
New-England ; the tautog. 2. A small kind of the whale, 
about twenty feet long. 

BLACK-FLUX, n. A mixture of carbonate of potash and 
charcoal, used as a flux. 

BLAGK-FOR-EST, n. A forest in Germany. 

BLACK'FRi-AR, n. A name given to the Dominican order ; 
called, also, preaching friars. 

BLA€K'-GUM. An American tree, of the genus Nyssa, 
whose wood is tough, and much used for naves of wheels, 
and in ship-building. 

FLA€K'-HEIRT-ED (-harfed), a. Having a black or ma- 
lignant heart. 

BLACK -JACK, n. 1. A name given by miners to blende. 2. 
A leathern cup of old times. 

BLA€K'-LEAD (-led), n. A mineral of a dark steel-gray 
color, called plumbago. 

BLA€K'-LEG, n. A notorious gambler and cheat. 

BLACK-LEGS, n. In some parts of England, a disease 
among calves and sheep. 

BLACK'-LET'TER, a. 1. Written or printed in the black- 
letter character. 2. Studious of books in black-letter. 

BLACK-LETTER, n. The old English, or modern Gothic 
letter or character. 

BLACK'-MaIL, n. 1. A certain rate anciently paid, in the 
north of England, to certain men who were alhed to rob- 
bers, to be by them protected from pillage. — 2. Black-rent, 
or rents paid in corn or flesh. 

BLACK'-MdNDAY (-mun'dy), n. Easter Monday, in 34 Ed. 
III., which was misty, obscure, and so cold that men died 
on horseback. — Stowe. 

BLACK-M6NKS, n. pi. A name given to the Benedictines. 

BLAGK'-MOOR, n. A negro; a black man. 

BLACK'-MOUTPLED, a. Using foul or scurrilous language. 
— Killingbeck. 

] BLA€K-PeO'PL.ED, a. Having people of a black color. 

BLACK'-PIG'MENT, n. A very fine lamp-black, used in 
making printer's ink. 

BLACK'-PUDDING, n. A kind of food made of blood and 
grain. 

BLACK'-ROD, n. [black and rod.] In England, the usher 
belonging to the order of the garter ; so called from the 
black rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, 
and usher of parliament. 

BLACK-SEA, n. The Euxine Sea. 

BLACK'-SHEEP, n. In Oriental history, the ensign or stand- 
ard of a race of Turkmans. 

BLACK'-SIL'VER, n. A mineral, called, also, brittle silver 
ore, consisting of silver, antimony, and sulphur. 

BLACKSMITH, n. A smith who works in iron, and makes 
iron utensils ; more properly an iron-smith. 

BLACK'-SNaKE, n. A serpent of a black color; two spe- 
cies are found in America neither of which is poisonous. 

BLA€K'STRAP, n. A coarse liquor drank by the vulgar. 

BLACKTaIL, n. A fish, a kind of perch. 

BLACKTHORN, n. A species oiprunus, called sloe. 

BLACKTIN, n. Tin ore, when dressed, stamped, and wash- 
ed, ready for melting. 

BLACK-TRESS'.ED (-trest), n. Having black tresses. 



BLACK'-VISAGED, a. Having a dark visage. 

BLAGK'-VOMTT, n. A copious vomiting of dark-colored 
matter, resembling coffee-grounds ; one of the most fata* 
attendants of the yellow fever. 

BLACK- WADD, n. An ore of manganese. 

BLAGK'-WAL'NUT, n. A well-known American tree, whose 
wood is of a dark color, forming a beautiful material for 
cabinet work. 

BLA€K'-WASH, n. A lotion composed of calomel and 
lime-water. 

BLAGK'-W6RK, n. Iron wrought by black-smiths. 

BLACKA-MOOR, n. A negro ; a black man. 

BLACKED (blakt), pp. Made black ; soiled. 

BLAGK'£N (blakkn), v. t. [Sax. bl&can.] 1. To make black 
— Franklin. 2. To make dark ; to darken ; to cloud. 3 
To soil. 4: To sully reputation ; to make infamous. 

BLAGK.EN, v. i. To grow black, or dark. 

BLACK.EN.ED (blak'nd), pp. Made black. 

BLACK'.EN-ER, it. He who blackens. 

BLAGK.EN-ING, ppr. Making black; darkening. 

BLACKGUARD, n. One who uses abusive, scurrilous lan- 
guage, or treats others with foul abuse. 

BLACK'GUaRD, v. t. To revile in scurrilous language. 
[Low.] 

BLACKGUARD, a. SQt^ilous ; abusive. 

BLACK'GUaRD-ISM, n. The conduct or language of a 
blackguard. 

BLACKING, ppr. Making black. 

BLACKING, n. A substance used for blacking shoes ; any 
factitious matter for making things black. 

BLACK'ISH, a. Somewhat black ; moderately black or 
dark. 

BLACKLY, adv. Darkly ; atrociously. 

BLACKNESS, n. The quality of being black ; black color , 
darkness ; atrociousness or enorrnity in wickedness. 

BLAD'-AP-PLE, n. In botany, a species of cactus. 

BLAD'DER, n. [Sax. bladr, blcedra, bleddra.] 1. A thin sac 
or bag in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some 
secreted fluid, as the urinary bladder, the gall bladder, &c. 
By way of eminence, the word, in common language, de- 
notes the urinary bladder. 2. Any vesicle, blister, or pus- 
tule, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery liquor. 
— 3. In botany, a distended, membranaceous pericarp. 

BLAD'DER-AN"GLING, it. Fishing by means of a baited 
hook attached to an inflated bladder. 

BLAD'DER£D, a. 1. Swelled like a bladder. 2. Put up in 
bladders ; as, bladdered lard. 

BLAD'DER-NUT, n. A genus of plants frequently culti- 
vated as ornamental shrubs. 

BLAD'DER-SEN'NA, or bastard-senna, a genus of plants, 
called, in botany, colutea. 

BLAD'DER- Y, a. Resembling a bladder. 

BLa.DE, n. [SRX.blad, bled.] 1. Properly, the leaf or flat 
part of the leaf of gramineous plants, though the term ia 
often applied to the spire. — [In the Southern States, the 
leaves of maize are called blades, or corn blades.] 2. The 
cutting part of an instrument, as the blade of a knife, or 
sword. 3. The blade of the shoulder, shoulder-blade, or 
blade-bone, is the scapula, or scapular bone. 4. A brisk 
man ; a bold, forward man ; a rake. 

BLADE, v. t. To furnish with a blade. 

BLaDE'BoNE, n. The scapula, or upper bone in the shoulder. 

BLADED, pp. 1. Having a blade or blades. It may be used 
of blade in the sense of a leaf, a spire, or the cutting part 
of an instrument. — 2. In mineralogy, composed of long 
and narrow plates, like the blade of a knife. 

BLaDE'SMITH, n. A sword cutler. 

BLaD'ING, ppr. Furnishing with a blade. 

BLaIN, n. [Sax. blegene; D. blein.] A pustule; a botch ; a 
blister. — In farriery, a small bladder at the root of an ani- 
mal's tongue. 

BL AKE, a. Yellow.— North of Englan d. 

BLaM'A-BLE. a. Deserving of censure. Dryden.— Syn 
Culpable ; faulty ; wrong ; inexcusable ; reprehensible , 
censurable ; blame-worthy ; guilty. 

BLaMA-BLE-NESS, n. Culpableness ; fault. 

BLaM'A-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner deserving of 
censure. 

BLAME, v. t. [Ft. bldmer.] 1. To express disapprobation of; 
to find fault with. 2. To bring blame or reproach upon ; 
to blemish; as, "she had blamed her noble blood." Spenser, 
[obs.] — Syn. To censure ; disparage ; condemn ; cry down , 
upbraid ; reprove ; reproach. 

BLAME, n. 1. Imputation of a fault; disapprobation; an 
expression of disapprobation. 2. That which is deserving 
of censure or disapprobation. 3. Hurt ; injury. — To blame, 
in the phrase, he is to blame, signifies blamable, to be 
blamed. — Syn. Censure ; reprehension ; condemnation 
reproach ; fault ; sin ; crime ; wrong-doing. 

BLIM.ED. pp. Censured; disapproved. 

BLAMK'FUL,a. Faulty; meriting blame ; reprehensible 

BLAME'FUL-LY, adv. In a blameful manner. 

BLaME'FUL-NESS, n. State of being blameful. 



D6VE ; BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS ;— C as K ; 6 as I ; S as Z CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete 



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108 



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JJLaME'LESS, a. Without fault ; not meriting censure. 
Syn. Innocent ; faultless ; spotless ; unblemished ; un- 
blamable; irreproachable; irreprovable. 

BLAME'LESS-LY, adv. Innocently ; without fault. 

BLAME'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence ; a state of being not 
worthy of censure. — Hammond. 

BLIM'ER, n. One who blames, finds fault, or censures. 

BLIME'WoR'THI-NESS, n. The quality of deserving cen- 
sure. 

BLIME'W6R-THY, a. Deserving blame ; censurable ; cul- 
pable; reprehensible. 

BLaM'ING, ppr. Censuring; finding fault. 

BLANCA.RD, n. [Fr. blanc] A kind of linen cloth, manu- 
factured in Normandy. 

BLANCH, v. t. [Fr. blanchir.] 1. To whiten ; to take out the 
color, and make white ; to obliterate. 2. To slur ; to balk ; 
to pass over; that is, to avoid; to make empty; [obs.] 
3. To make white by peeling ; as, to blanch almonds. — 4. 
In gardening, to whiten by excluding light, as the stalks 
or leaves of plants, by earthing them up, or tying them to- 
gether. 

BLANCH, v. i. To evade; to shift; to speak softly; to be 
reserved ; to remain blank, or empty ; as, books will speak, 
when counselors blanch. — Bacon, [obs.] 

BLANCHED (blancht), pp. Whined. 

BLANCH'ER, n. One who white"; also, one who anneals 
and cleanses money. 

BLaNCH-IM'E-TER, n. [blanch, and Gr. txerpov.] An in- 
strument for measuring the bleaching power of oxymu- 
riate of lime and potash. 

3LANCHTNG, n. The act of whitening. 

3LaNCH'ING. ppr. or a. Whitening. — In coinage, the op- 
eration of giving brightness to pieces of silver. 

3L aNCH'ING LIQ'UOR (-lick'or), n. A solution of chlorid 
of lime for bleaching, called, also, by workmen, chemic. 

BLANC-MANGE, T(blo-mttnje'). [Fr. white food.] In 

BLANC-MANGER, ) cookery, a preparation of dissolved 
isinglass, milk, sugar, cinnamon, &c, boiled into a thick 
consistence. 

BLAND, a. [L. blandus.] Mild; soft; gentle ; as, bland words. 
BLAND-A'TION, n. Gross flattery.— Camden. 

BLAND-IL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. blandus and loquor.] Fair, 
mild, flattering speech. 

BLAND'ISH, v. t. [L. blandior; Old Eng. blandise. — Chaucer.] 
To soften ; to caress ; to flatter by kind words or affec- 
tionate actions. 

BLAND'ISH-ER, n. One who flatters with soft words. 

BLANDTSH-ING, ppr. Soothing or flattering with fair words. 

BLAND'ISH-ING, n. Blandishment. 

BLANDISHMENT, n. Soft words ; kind speeches ; caress- 
es ; expression of kindness ; words or actions expressive 
of affection or kindness, and tending to win the heart. 

BLAND'NESS, n. State of being bland.— Chalmers. 

BLANK, a. [Fr. blanc] 1. Void ; empty ; consequently, 
white ; as, a blank paper. 2. White or pale ; as, the blank 
moon. — Milton. 3. Pale from fear or terror ; hence, con 
fused ; confounded ; dispirited ; dejected. 4. Without 
rhyme ; as, blank verse. 5. Pure ; entire ; complete, as a 
blank falsehood. 6. Not containing balls or bullets ; as, a 
blank cartridge. 

BLANK, n. 1. Any void space ; a void space on paper, or 
in any written instrument. 2. A lot by which nothing is 
gained ; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize. 3. A 
paper unwritten ; as, to sign a blank. 4. A paper contain- 
ing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, with va- 
cant spaces left to be filled. 5. The white part of a target 
point to which an arrow is directed ; [little used.] 6. Aim ; 
shot. — Q hak., [obs.] 7. Object to which any thing is di- 
rected. 8. A small copper coin, formerly current in France. 
— Point blank shot, in gunnery, the shot of a gun leveled 
horizontally. 

BLANK, v. t. 1. To make void ; to annul.— Spenser. 2. To 
deprive of color, the index of health and spirits ; to damp 
the spirits ; to dispirit or confuse. — Tillotson. 

BLANK-CARTRIDGE, n. A cartridge without a ball or 
bullet. 

BLANK'- VERSE, n. Any kind of verse in which there is not 
rhyme ; applied particularly to the heroic verse of five feet 
without rhyme. 

BLANKED (blankt),#p. Confused; dispirited. 

BLANKET, n. [Fr. blanchet.] 1. A cover for a bed, made 
of wool. 2. A kind of pear. — 3. Among printers, woolen 
cloth or white baize, to lay between the tympans. 
BLANK'ET, v. t. 1. To toss in a blanket by way of punish- 
ment ; an ancient custom. 2. To cover with a blanket. 
BLANKET-ING, ppr. Tossing in a blanket. 
BLANK'ET-ING, n. 1. The punishment of tossing in a blank- 
et. 2. Cloth for blankets. 
BLANKLY, adv. In a blank manner ; with paleness or con- 
fusion. 
BLANKNESS, n. State of being blank. 
BLAN-Q.UETTE' (blan-ketO, n. [Fr.] A white fricassee. 
BLARE, v. i. [Old Belgic blaren ; Teut. blarren] 1. To roar: 



to bellow ; [little used.] 2. To sweal, or melt away, as a 
candle. 

BLARE, n. 1. Roar ; noise. — Barlow, [little used.] 2. A 
small copper coin of Bern. 

BLAR'NEY, n. Smooth, deceitful talk ; flattery.— Irish, [col 
loquial.] 

BLAS-PHeME', v. t. [Gr. fiXacfnixeo).] 1. To speak of the 
Supreme Being in terms of impious irreverence. 2. To 
speak evil of; to utter abuse or calumny against ; to speak 
reproachfully of. 

BLAS-PHeME', v. i. 1. To utter blasphemy. 2. To arro- 
gate the prerogatives of God. 

BLAS-PHeM'ER, n. One who blasphemes ; one who speaks 
of God in impious and irreverent terms. 

BLAS-PHeM'ING, ppr. Uttering impious or reproachful 
words concerning God. 

BLAS'PHE-MOUS, a. Containing blasphemy ; calumnious ; 
impiously irreverent to God. 

BLAS'PHE-MOUS-L Y, adv. Impiously ; with impious irrev 
erence to God. 

BLAS'PHE-MY, n. 1. An indignity offered to God bywords 
or writing. 2. That which derogates from the prerogatives 
of God. 

BLAST, n. [Sax. blast'.] 1. A gust or puff of wind; or a sud- 
den gust of wind. 2. The sound made by blowing a wind 
instrument. *3. Any pernicious or destructive influence 
upon animals or plants. 4. The infection of any thing pes- 
tilential; a blight on plants. 5. A sudden compression of 
air, attended with a shock, caused by the discharge of 
cannon. 6. A flatulent disease nv sheep. 7. A forcible 
stream of air from the mouth, from a bellows, or the like. 
8. A violent explosion of gunpowder, in splitting rocks, 
and the explosion of inflammable air in a mine. 9. The 
whole blowing of a forge necessary to melt one supply of 
ore ; a common use of the word among workmen in forges in 
America. — Syn. Gust; gale; rush; breeze; storm. 

BLAST, v. t. 1. To make to wither by some pernicious in 
fluence; to blight, as trees or plants. 2. To affect with 
some sudden violence, plague, or calamity, which destroys 
or causes to fail ; as, to blast pride or hopes. 3. To con- 
found, or strike with force, by a loud blast or din. 4. To 
split rocks by an explosion of gunpowder. 

BLAST'-FUR-NACE, n. A furnace for smelting ores, in 
which the supply of air is furnished by very powerful 
bellows or other pneiunatic apparatus. 

BLAST'-PlPE, n. A pipe in locomotive engines to convey 
waste steam up the chimney ; also, a pipe to urge the fire, 
by creating a stronger current of air. 

BLASTED, pp. Affected by some cause that checks growth, 
injures, impairs, destroys, or renders abortive ; split by 
an explosion of gunpowder. 

BLASTER, n. He or that which blasts or destroys. 

BLASTING, ppr. Affecting by a blast; preventing from 
coming to maturity ; frustrating ; splitting by an explosion 
of gunpowder. 

BLASTING, n. 1. A blast; destruction by a pernicious 
cause. 2. The act of splitting by an explosion of gunpowder. 

t BLAST'MENT, n. Blast ; sudden stroke of some destruc- 
tive cause. — Shak. 

BLAS-TO-€AR'POUS, a. A term applied to fruit which 
germinates inside of the pericarp, as the mangrove. 

t BLATANT, a. Bellowing as a calf. 

BLATE, a. Bashful.— Scottish. 

t BLAT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. blateratio.] Noise.— Coles. 

BLATTER, v. i. To make a senseless noise. 

BLAT'TER-ER, n. A noisy, blustering boaster. 

BLATTER-ING, n. Senseless blustering. 

BLaY, n. A small river fish, the bleak. 

BLaZE, n. [Sax. blaze.] 1. Flame; the stream of light and 
heat from any body when burning. 2. Publication ; wide 
diffusion of report. 3. A white spot on the forehead or 
face of a horse. 4. A white spot made on trees by remov- 
ing the bark with a hatchet. 5. Light ; expanded light. 6. 
Noise ; agitation ; tumult. 

BLAZE, v\,t. 1. To flame. 2. To send forth or show a 
bright and expanded light. 3. To be conspicuous. 

BLAZE, v. t. 1. To make public far and wide. 2. To blazon 
[Not used. See Blazon.] 3. To set a white mark on & 
tree, by paring off a part of the bark ; as, to blaze a path 
through a forest. — Todd. 

BLAZED, pp. or a. Published far and wide ; marked with 
a white spot, as a tree. 

BLAZ'ER, n. One who publishes and spreads reports. 

BLaZTNG, ppr. Flaming; pubhshing far and wide; mark- 
ing with a white spot, as a tree. 

BLAZ'ING, a. Emitting flame, or fight. 

BLAZ'ING-STAR, n. A comet; a star that is accompanied 
with a coma, or train of fight. 

BLA'ZON (bla'zn), v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] 1. To explain, in 
proper terms, the figures on ensigns armorial. 2. To deck ; 
to embellish ; to adorn. 3. To display ; to set to show ; to 
celebrate by words or writing. 4. To blaze about ; to 
make public far and wide. 



See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



BLE 



109 



BL1 



BLI'ZON, n. 1. The ct of drawing, describing, or explain- 
ing coats of arms. 2. Publication ; show ; celebration ; 
pompous display. 

BLI'ZONJHD (bla'znd), pp. Explained; deciphered in the 
manner of heralds ; published abroad ; displayed pom- 
pously. 

BLA'ZON-ER (bla'zn-er), n. One who blazons; a herald; 
an evil speaker, or propagator of scandal. 

^ILa'ZON-ING, ppr. Explaining ; describing as heralds ; 
showing ; publishing ; blazing abroad ; displaying. 

BLI'ZON-RY (bla'zn-ry), n. The art of describing or ex- 
plaining coats of arms in proper terms. 

BLeA, n. The part of a tree which lies immediately under 
the bark. — Chambers. 

BLE I'BER-RY, n. A British plant and its fruit, having small 
leaves like those of box- wood, and little purple berries. 

BLEACH, v. t. [Sax. bhzcan.] To whiten ; to make white or 
whiter by taking out the original color. 

BLEACH, v. i. To grow white in any manner. 

BLe ACH'-FIeLD, n. A field where cloth or yarn is bleached. 

BLEACHED (bleecht), .pp. or a. Whitened; made white. 

BLEACHER, n. One who whitens, or whose occupation is 
to whiten cloth. 

BLEACH'ER-Y, n. A place for bleaching. 

BLe A "HING, ppr. Making white; becoming white. 

BLEACHING, n. The act or art of whitening, especially 
cloth. 

BLEACHING POW-DER, n. A powder for bleaching, con- 
sisting of chlorid of lime. 

BLEAK, a. [Sax. bloc, Mac.] 1. Pale. — Gower. 2. Open ; ex- 
posed to a free current of air ; hence cold, as a bleak hill. 

BLEAK, n. A small river fish, five or six inches long, with 
silvery scales. 

BLEAK'LY, adv. Coldly.— May. 

BLEAKNESS, n. Openness of situation ; exposure to the 
wind ; hence, coldness. 

BLEAKY", a. Bleak ; open ; unsheltered ; cold. 

BLEAPl, a. [D. blaar.] Sore, with a watery rheum ; applied 
only to the eyes. 

BLEAR, v. t. To make sore ; to affect with soreness of eyes, 
or a watery humor. — Dryden. 

BLEAR.ED (bleerd), pp. Dimmed by a watery humor. 

BLe AR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being bleared, or dimmed 
with rheum. — Wiseman. 

BLEAREY.ED (-Ide), a. Having sore eyes ; having the eyes 
dim with rheum ; dim-sighted. 

BLEARING, ppr. Dimming with a humor. 

BLe AT, v. i. [Sax. bl<zlan.] To make the noise of a sheep ; 
to cry as a sheep. 

BLe AT, n. The cry of a sheep. 

BLEATING, ppr. or a. Crying as a sheep. 

BLEATING, n. The cry of a sheep. 

BLEB, n. A little tumor, vesicle, or blister. 

BLEB'BY, a. Abounding with blebs. 

BLED, pret. and pp. of bleed. 

t BLEE, n. [Sax. bleo.] Color ; complexion. — Spenser. 

BLEED, v. i. ; pret. and pp. bled. [Sax. bledan.] 1. To lose 
blood ; to run with blood, by whatever means. 2. To die 
a violent death, or by slaughter. 3. To issue forth, or drop 
as blood, from an incision ; to lose sap, gum, or juice ; as, 
a vine branch bleeds when cut. 

BLEED, v. t. To let blood ; to take blood from, by opening 
a vein. 

BLEED'ING, ppr. Losing blood; letting blood; losing sap 
or juice. 

BLEED'ING, n. A running or issuing of blood, as from the 
nose ; a hemorrhage ; the operation of letting blood, as in 
surgery ; the drawing of sap from a tree or plant. 

BL^IT, }a. [Ger. blvde.] Bashful; used in Scotland and 

BLaTE, ) the north of England. 

BLEM'ISH, v. t. 1. To mark with any deformity; to injure 
or impair any thing which is well formed, or excellent ; 
to mar. 2. To tarnish, as reputation or character ; to de- 
fame. 

BLEM'ISH, 7i. 1. Any mark of deformity ; any scar or de- 
fect that diminishes beauty. 2. That which impairs rep- 
utation, and brings discredit. — Syn. Spot; speck; flaw; 
deformity ; stain ; defect ; fault ; taint ; reproach ; dishon- 
or ; imputation ; turpitude ; disgrace. 

BLEM'ISfJ£D (blem'isht). pp. Injured or marred by any 
marrc of deformity ; tarnished ; soiled. 

BLEM'ISH-ING, ppr. Marking with deformity; tarnishing. 
BLEM'lriH-LESS, a. Without blemish ; spotless. 
BLEM'ISH-MENT, n. Disgrace. {Little used.] 

BLENCH, v.i. To shrink; to start back; to give way. — Shalt. 
BLENCH, v. t. To hinder or obstruct says Johnson. But, 

in the passage he cites, it means to render ineffectual. 
BLENCH, n. _ A start or shrinltino: back. — Shak. 
BLENCH'-HoLD-ING, n. A tenure of lands upon the pay- 
ment of a small sum in silver. 
BLENCHED (blencht), pp. Shrunk ; rendered ineffectual. 
BLENCH'ER, n. That which frustrates. 
BLENCHING, ppr. Shrinking.' 



BLENCHING, n. A shrinking back ; a giving way. 

BLEND, v. t. [Sax. bleridian.] 1. To mix or mingle togem 
er; hence, to confound. 2. To pollute by mixture; U 
spoil or corrupt. — Spenser, [obs.] 3. To blind ; [obs.] 

BLEND, v. i. To be mixed ; to be united. — Irving. 

BLEND'-WA-TER, n. A distemper incident tiTcattle, is 
which the iiver is affected. 

BLENDE, n. [Ger. blenden.] An ore, the native sulphuret 
of zinc. 

BLEND'ED, pp. Mixed ; confounded by mixture. 

BLEND'ER, n. One who mingles or confounds. 

BLENDTNG, ppr. Mingling together ; confounding by mix 
ture. 

BLEND'OUS, a. Pertaining to blende. 

BLEN-NOR-RHCE'A, n. An inordinate discharge of mucus. 

BLEN'NY, n. [Sax. blinnan.] The name of different spe- 
cies of small fishes, of the genus Blennivs. 

BLENT. The obsolete participle of blend. 

BLESS, v. t. ; pret. and pp. blessed, or blest. [Sax. bledsian.] 

1. To pronounce a wish of happiness to one ; to express a 
wish or desire of happiness. 2. To make happy ; to make 
successful ; to prosper in temporal concerns. 3. To make 
happy in a future life. 4. To set apart or consecrate to 
holy purposes ; to make and pronounce holy ; as, He 
blessed the seventh day. 5. To consecrate by prayer ; to 
invoke a blessing upon; as, to bless the bread. 6. To 
praise ; to glorify for benefits received. 7. To praise ; to 
magnify ; to extol for excellences. 8. To esteem blessed, 
or count happy ; as, " they shall bless themselves in him." 
9. In this line of Spenser, " His sparkling blade about his 
head he blest," the meaning is threw, which idea is closely 
connected with this word. 

BLESSiSD (blest), pp. Made happy or prosperous ; ex- 
tolled ; pronounced happy. 

BLESS'ED, a. Happy ; prosperous in worldly affairs ; en- 
joying or pertaining to spiritual happiness and the favor 
of God ; enjoyinar or pertaining to heavenly felicitv. 

BLESS'ED-THIS'TLE, n. A plant of the genus centaurea 
formerly supposed to possess great medical powers. 

BLESS'ED-LY, adv. Happily ; in a fortunate manner. 

BLESS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Exalted enjoyment ; heavenly 
joys; the favor of God. 2. Sanctity. — Syn. Beatitude, 
felicity ; bliss ; happiness ; joy. 

BLESS'ER, n. One who blesses or prospers ; one who be- 
stows a blessing. 

BLESSING, ppr. Making happy ; wishing happiness to , 
praising or extolling ; consecrating by prayer. 

BLESSING, n. 1. Benediction ; a wish of happiness pro- 
nounced ; a prayer imploring happiness upon another. 

2. A solemn prophetic benediction. 3. Any means of hap- 
piness; a gift, benefit, or advantage. 4. Among the Jews 
a present ; a gift. 

BLEST, pp. of bless. 

BLEST, a. 1. Made happy. 2. Making happy ; cheering. 

BLE'TON-ISM, n. The faculty of perceiving and indicating 
subterraneous springs and currents by sensation; so called 
from one Bleton, of France, who was said to possess this 
faculty. 

BLe'TON-IST, n. One who possesses the faculty of per 
ceiving subterraneous springs by sensation. 

BLEW, pret. of blow. 

BLeYME, n. An inflammation in the foot of a horse, be- 
tween the sole and the bone. 

BLI-Ce'A, n. A small fish. 

BLIGHT (blite), n. [qu. Sax. blactha.] 1. A disease inci- 
dent to plants. 2. Any thing nipping or blasting. 

BLIGHT (blite), v. t. To affect with blight ; to blast : to 
prevent srrowth and fertility ; to frustrate. 

BLIGHTED, pp. or a. Blasted. 

BLIGHTING, ppr. or a. Blasting. 

BLIGHTING, n. Act of blkhting. 

BLlGHTTNG-LY, adv. By blasting. 

t BLIN, v. t. [Sax. blinnan.] To stop, or cease.— Spenser . 

BLIND, a. [Sax. blind.] 1. Destitute of the sense of seeing ; 
not having sight. 2. Not having the faculty of discern- 
ment; destitute of intellectual light; unable to understand 
or judge ; ignorant. 3. Unseen ; out of public view ; pri- 
vate ; dark. 4. Dark ; obscure ; not easy to be found ; 
not easily discernible. 5. Heedless ; inconsiderate ; unde- 
liberating. — Jay. 

BLIND, v. t. 1. To make blind ; to deprive of sight. 2. To 
darken ; to obscure to the eye. 3. To darken the under- 
standing. 4. To darken or obscure to the understanding. 
5. To eclipse. 

BLIND, n. 1. Something to hinder the sight. 2. Something 
to mislead the eye or the understanding. 3. A screen ; a 
cover, as for a window or the eyes. 

BUNDE.S &eBLENDE ' an0re - 

BLIND'ED, pp. or a. Deprived of sight ; deprived of intel 

lectual discernment ; made dark or obscure. 
BLIND'FoLD, a. Having the eyes covered; having the 

mental eye darkened. 



DOVE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— -G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. } Obsolete 



BLO 



110 



BLO 



iLlND'FoLD, v. t. To cover the eyes ; to hinder from 
seeing. _ 

ILlND'FoLD-ED, pp. Having the eyes covered ; hindered 
from seeing. 

8LLND'F5LD-ING, ppr. Covering the eyes ; hindering 
from seeing. 

BLINDING, ppr. or a. Depriving of sight, or of under- 
standing; obscuring. 

SLlND'LY, adv. 1. Without sight or understanding. 2. 
Without discerning the reason ; implicitly. 3. Without 
judgment. 

BLlND'MAN'S-BALL, n. A species of fungus. 

BLlND'MAN'S-BUFF, n. A play, in which one person is 
blindfolded, and hunts out the rest of the company. 

BLlND'NESS, n. Want of bodily sight ; want of intellect- 
ual discernment ; ignorance. 

BLIND'NET-TLE, n. A plant. 

BLINDS, n. pi. In the military art, a defense made of osiers 
or branches interwoven, to shelter and conceal the work- 
men. 

BLlND'SlDE, n. The side which is most easily assailed ; 
weakness ; foible ; weak part. 

BLlND-SERPENT, n. A reptile. 

BLlND-VES'SEL. With chemists, a vessel with an opening 
on one side only. 

BLlNDWoRM, n. A small reptile. 

BLINK, v. t. To shut out of sight ; to avoid, or purposely 
evade ; as, to blink the question at issue. 

BLINK, v. i. [Sax. blican.] 1. To wink ; to twinkle with 
the eye. 2. To see obscurely. — Johnson. To see with the 
eyes half shut. 

BLINK, n. A glimpse, or glance. — Hall. 

BLINK, n. Blink of ice, is the dazzling whiteness about the 
horizon, occasioned by the reflection of light from fields 
of ice at sea. 

BLINK'ARD, n. [blink, and ard, land.] A person who 
blinks, or has bad eyes ; that which twinkles, or glances. 

BLINK'ERS, n. pi. Blinds on a horse's bridle, to cover his 
eyes on the side. 

BLINKING, ppr. and a. Winking; twinkling; avoiding. 

BLISS, n. [Sax. bliss.] The highest degree of happiness ; 
heavenly joys. — Syn. Blessedness ; felicity ; beatitude ; 
happiness ; joy ; enjoyment. 

BLISS'FUL, a. Full of joy and felicity. 

BLISS'FtJL-LY, adv. In a blissful manner. 

BLISS'FUL-NESS, n. Exalted happiness ; felicity ; fullness 
of joy. — Barrow. 

BLISS'LESS, a. Destitute of bliss.— Hawkins. 

BLIS'SOM, v. i. [W. blys, blysiaic] To be lustful ; to cater- 
waul. [Little used.] 

BLISTER, n. [Ger. blase, and blatter.] 1. A pustule ; a thin 
bladder on the skin, containing watery matter or serum. 
2. Any tumor made by the separation of the film or skin, 
as on plants ; or by the swelling of the substance at the 
surface, as on steel. 3. A vesicatory ; a plaster of Spanish 
flies, or other matter, applied to raise a vesicle. 

BLISTER, v. i. To rise in blisters.— Dryden. 

BLISTER, v. t. 1. To raise a blister, by any hurt, burn, or 
violent action upon the skin. 2. To raise tumors on iron 
bars, in converting them into steel. 

BLISTER-FLY, n. The Spanish fly, used in raising a blister. 

BLISTER-PLASTER, n. A plaster designed to raise a 
blister. 

BLISTERED, pp. Having blisters or tumors. 

BLISTER-ING, ppr. Raising a blister ; applying a blistering 
plaster, or vesicatory. 

BLISTER-Y, a. FuU of blisters. 

BLlTE, n. [L. blitum ; Gr. /?Atrov.] 1. A genus of plants, 
called strawberry spinach. 2. A species of amaranth, or 
flower gentle. 

BLlTHE, a. [Sax. blithe,] Gay ; merry ; joyous ; sprightly ; 
mirthful. 

BLlTHE'FUL, a. Gay; full of gayety. 

BLlTHE'LY, adv. In a gay, joyful manner. 

BLlTHE'NESS, n. Gayety ; sprightliness ; the quality of 
being blithe. 

BLlTHE'SoME, a. Gay ; merry ; cheerful. 

BLlTHE'SoME-NESS, n. The quality of being blithesome ; 
gayety. 

BLoAT, v. t. [W. blwth, a puff.] 1. To swell, or make tur- 
gid, as with air ; to inflate ; to puff up ; hence, to make 
vain. 2. To swell or make turgid with water or other 
means. 3. To dry by smoke ; applied to fish, and espe- 
cially to herring, called, in some parts of England, bloaters. 
See Blote. 

BLoAT, v. i. To grow turgid ; to dilate. 

1- BLoAT, a. Swelled ; turgid. 

BLoATED, pp. or a. Swelled ; grown turgid ; inflated. 

BLoAT'ED-NESS, n. A turgid state ; turgidness ; dilatation 

from inflation or any morbid cause. 
BLoAT'ER, n. A dried herring. See Bloat. 

BLOATING, ppr. Swelling; inflating. 

BLoATTNG, n. A state of being swelled or bloated. 



BLOB'BER, n. [Ir. plub, or pluibin.] A bubble: pronounced 
by the common people in America, blubber. — Carew. 

BLOB'BER-LIP, n. A thick lip.— Dryden. 

BLOB'BER-LIPP.BD (blob'ber-lipt), a. Having thick lips. 

BLOBTaLE, n. A tell-tale ; a blab. 

BLOGK, n. [D. blok ; Ger. block.] ' 1. A heavy piece of tim 
ber or wood, usually with one plain surface. 2. Any mass 
of matter with an extended surface. 3. A massy body 
solid and heavy. 4. A continuovis row of buildings. 5 
The wood on which criminals are beheaded. 6. Any ob 
struction, or cause of obstruction ; a stop ; hindrance , 
obstacle. 7. A piece of wood, with one or more sheave9 
or wheels for ropes, used to increase the purchase. 8- A 
blockhead ; a stupid fellow. 9. Among cutters in wood, a 
solid piece of hard wood, on which figures are cut or en 
graved. 10. The wooden mold on which a hat is formed 

BLO€K, v. t. [Fr. bloquer.] To inclose or shut up, so as to 
hinder egress or passage ; to stop up ; to obstruct. 

BLO€K'-HOUSE, n. A military edifice, so called because 
constructed chiefly of timber. 

BLO€K'-LIKE, a. Like a block ; stupid. 

BLOGK'-PRINT'LNG, n. A mode of printing from engraved 
wooden blocks. 

BLO€K'-TIN, n. Tin which is pure and unwrought, as if 
comes in blocks from the foundery. 

BLO€K-IDE', n. [It. bloccato.] The shutting up .of a place, 
by surrounding it with hostile troops or ships. 

BLO€K-aDE', v. t. To shut up a town or fortress by troops 
or ships. 

BLO€K-aD'ED, pp. Shut up or inclosed by an enemy. 

BLO€K-aDTNG, ppr. Besieging by a blockade. 

BLO€K'He AD (-bed), n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a person 
deficient in understanding. 

BLO€K'H£AD-ED, a. Stupid; dull.— Shak. 

BLO€K'HeAD-LY, a. Like a blockhead. 

BLOGK'ISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; deficient in understanding 

BLOGKTSH-LY, adv. In a stupid manner. 

BLOGK'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness. 

BL5M'A-RY, n, The first forge through which iron passes, 
after it is melted from the ore. 

BLONDE, n. A person of a very fair complexion, with light 
hair and light blue eyes. 

BLOND'-LaCE, n. Lace made of silk. 

tBLONK'ET, a. Gray.— Spenser. 

BLOOD (blud), n. [Sax., Sw., and Dan. blod ; Ger. blut.l 

1. The fluid which circulates through the arteries and 
veins of the human body, and of other animals, which i? 
essential to the preservation of fife. 2. Kindred ; relation 
by natural descent from a common ancestor ; consanguin 
ity. 3. Royal lineage ; blood royal. 4. Honorable birth ; 
high extraction. — Shak. 5. Life. 6. Slaughter ; murder, 
or bloodshedding. 7. Temper of mind ; state of the pas- 
sions ; but, in this sense, accompanied with cold or warm 
8. A hot spark ; a rake. 9. The juice of any thing, espe- 
cially if red. — 10. In law, kinsmen of the whole blood are 
those who are born of the same ancestors on both sides 
Kinsmen of the half blood, are those who have the same 
ancestors only on one side. 

BL60D, v. t. 1. To let blood; to bleed by opening a vein 

2. To stain with blood. 3. To enter ; to inure to blood, 
as a hound. 4. To heat the blood ; to exasperate ; [un, 
itsuat] 

BLoOD'-BAPTISM, n. In the ancient Church, a name given 
to the martyrdom of those who had not been baptized ; it 
being considered a full substitute for literal baptism. 

BL60D'-BE-SPOTTED, a. Spotted with blood.— Shak 

t BLoOD'-BoLTER.ED, a. Sprinkled with blood. 

BL6OD-BR6THER, n. A brother by birth from the same 
parents. 

BL60D'-€6L-OR-ED (bludTml-lurd), a. Having the color 
of blood. 

BL60D'-€ON-Sf5MTNG, a. Wasting the blood. 

BLoOD'-DRENCHED (blud'drensht), a. Drenched in blood 

BL60D'-DRUNK, a. Drunk with blood.— More. 

BL60D'-DY£D (blud'dide), a. Dyed with blood. 

BL60D-FLOW-ER, n. Hamanthus. 

BL60D'-FR5Z-EN, a. Having the blood chilled. 

BL60D'-GUILTI-NESS (blud'gilfe-ness), n. The guilt oi 
crime of shedding blood. 

BL60D'-GUILT'Y, a. Guilty of murder.— Fairfax. 

BL60D-HORSE, n. One whose blood or lineage is derived 
from the purest and most highly-prized origin or stock. 

BLuOD'-HOT, a. Warm as blood in its natural temperature. 

BLOOD'-HOUND, n. A variety of dog, remarkable for the 
acuteness of its scent for blood. 

BLoOD'-LET, v. t. To bleed ; to let blood. 

BL60D-LET-TER, n. One who lets blood, as in diseases , 
a phlebotomist. — Wiseman. 

BLOOD'-LET-TING, n. The act of letting blood, or bleed- 
ing by opening a vein. 

BL60D'-MaRK£D (blud'markt), a. Marked with blood. 

BL60D'-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made with blood and 
other materials. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



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BI 60D'-RED, n. Red as blood 

BLOOD -ROOT, n. A plant, so named from the color of its 
root 

) BLOOD'-SHaK-jEN, a. Having the blood in commotion. 
— Ben Jonson. 

BLOOD'SHED, n. The shedding or spilling of blood ; 
slaughter ; waste of life. 

BL60D'SHED-DER, n. One who sheds blood. 

BLOOD'SHED-DING, n. The shedding of blood ; the crime 

. of shedding blood. 

BLOOD'SHOT, a. Red and inflamed by a turgid state of the 
blood-vessels. 

BLOOD'SHOT-TEN-NESS, n. The state of being blood- 
shotten, as applicable to the eye. 

BL0OD-SIZ.ED. a. Smeared or sized with blood. 

BLOOD'-SNaKE, n. A species of snake. 

BLOOD'-SPAV-IN, n. A dilatation of the vein that runs 
along the inside of the hock of a horse. 

BL60D'-SPILL-ING, a. Shedding blood. 

BLOOD'-SPIT-TER, n. One who spits blood. 

BLOQD'-STaIN.ED, a. Stained with blood ; also, guilty of 
murder. 

BLOOD'-SToNE, n. A green silicious stone, spotted with 
jasper, as if with blood ; hence the name. 

BLOOD'-SUCK-ER, n. Any animal that sucks blood, spe- 
cifically applied to the leech. A cruel man ; a murderer. 

BLOOD'-SUCK-ING, a. That sucks or draws blood. 

BL 6 OD'-S WELLED, a. Swelled with blood. 

BLOOD'-SWOLN, a. Suffused with blood. 

BLOOD'-THIRST-I-NESS, n. Thirst for shedding blood. 

BL60D'-THiRST-Y, a. Desirous to shed blood. 

BLOOD'-VES-SEL, n. Any vessel in which blood circu- 
lates in an animal body ; an artery or a vein. 

BLOOD'-WARM, a. Warm as blood ; lukewarm. 

BLOOD-WITE, n. In ancient law, a fine paid as a compo- 
sition for the shedding of blood. 

BLOOD'-WON, a. Won by shedding blood. — Scott. 

8L0OD-WOOD, n. A name given to log-wood, from its 
color. 

BL60DW6RT. n. A plant, a species of samguinaria. 

BLOOD'-WOR-THY, a. Worthy of blood. 

BLoOD'ED, pp. Bled ; stained with blood ; inured to blood. 

BLOOD'I-LY, adv. In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a 
disposition to shed blood. 

BLOOD'I-NESS, n. The state of being bloody ; disposition 
to shed blood. 

BLOODING, ppr. Letting blood ; staining with blood ; in- 
uring to blood, as a hound. 

BLOOD'LESS, a. 1. Without blood; dead. 2. Without 
shedding of blood. 3. Without spirit or activity. 

BLoOD'LE.SS-LY, adv. Without bloodshed. 

BL60DY, a. 1. Stained with blood. 2. Cruel ; murder- 
ous ; given to the shedding of blood ; or having a cruel, 
savage disposition 3. Attended with bloodshed ; marked 
by cruelty. 

BLOODY, v. t. To stain with blood.— Overbury. 

BLOODY, adv. Very ; as, bloody sick, bloody drunk. [This 
is very vulgar.'] 

BL0ODT-EY.ED, a. Having bloody or cruel eyes. 

BLOODY-FICED (blud'dy-faste), a. Having a bloody face 
or appearance. 

BLOODY-FLUX, n. The dysentery. 

BL60DY-FLUX.ED (blud'dy-fluxt), a. Afflicted with the 
bloody-flux. 

BLOOD'Y-HAND, n. A hand stained with the blood of a 
deer. — Ash. 

BLOODT-HUNT-LNG, a. Hunting for blood. 

BLOODY-MiND'ED, a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposi- 
tion ; barbarous ; inclined to shed blood. 

BL60DY-RED, a. Having the color of blood. 

BLOODY-SCEPTRED, \ a. Having a sceptre obtained 

BLOODT-SCEP'TER-ED, j by blood or slaughter.—- Shak. 

BLOODY-SWEAT (blud'dy-swet), n. A sweat accompanied 
by a discharge of blood ; also, a disease, called sweating 

BLOODY-ING, ppr. Staining with blood, 

BLOOM, n. [Goth, bloma.] 1. A blossom; the flower of a 
plant ; an expanded bud. 2. The opening of flowers in 
general ; flowers open, or in a state of blossoming. 3. The 
state of youth, resembling that of blossoms ; a state of 
opening manhood, life, beauty, and vigor. 4. The blue 
color upon plums and grapes newly gathered. 

BLOOM, n. [Sax. bloma.] A mass of iron that has passed 

. the blomary, or undergone the first hammering. 

BLOOM, v. i. 1. To produce or yield blossoms ; to flower. 
2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor ; 
to show the beauty of youth. 

. BLOOM, v. t. To put forth as blossoms. 

BLOOMAR-Y. See Blomary. 

BLOOMING, ppr. or a. 1. Opening in blossoms ; flower- 
ing. 2. Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor ; showing 
the freshness and beauty of youth. 

BLOOM'ING-LY, adv. In a blooming manner. 



BLOOMTNG-NESS, n. State of being blooming. 

BLOOM'Y, a. Full oi bloom ; flowery ; flourishing with tn«« 
vigor of youth ; as, a bloomy spray, bloomy beauties. 

t BLoRE, n. The act of blowing ; a blast. 

BLOS'SOM, n. [Sax. blosm.] 1. The flower or corol of a 
plant ; a general term, applicable to every species of tree 
or plant. 2. This word is used to denote the color of a 
horse, that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel and 
bay hairs. 

BLOS'SOM, v. i. 1. To put forth blossoms or flowers ; to 
bloom ; to blow ; to flower. 2. To flourish and prosper. 

BLOS'SOMED, pret. of Blossom. 

BLOS'SOM-ING, ppr. Putting forth flowers ; blowing. 

BLOS'SOM-LNG, n. The blowing or flowering of plants. 

t BLOS'SOM-Y, a. Full of blossoms. 

BLOT, v. t. [Goth, blauthjan.] 1. To spot with ink ; to stain 
or bespatter with'ink. 2. To obliterate writing or letters 
with ink. 3. To obliterate, in a figurative sense ; to cause 
to be unseen and no more remembered ; as, to blot out 
one's offenses. 4. To destroy ; as, to blot out a nation or 
people. 5. To stain with dishonor or infamy ; as, to blot 
one's innocence or reputation. 6. To darken. — Syn. To 
obliterate ; expunge ; erase ; efface ; cancel ; tarnish ; dis- 
grace. 

BLOT, n. 1. A spot or stain on paper, usually applied to 
ink. 2. An. obliteration of something written or printed. 
3. A spot in reputation ; a stain ; a disgrace ; a reproach ; 
a blemish. 4. Censure ; scorn ; reproach. 5. In backgam- 
mon, when a single man lies open to be taken up. 

BLOTCH, n. [Sax. blcectha.] A pustule upon the skin ; an 
eruption, usually of a large kind. 

BLOTCH, v. t. To blacken.— Harmar. 

BLoTE, v. t. To dry and smoke, as a fish. See Bloat 

BLOT'ED, pp. Smoked and dried. 

BLOTTED, pp. Stained; sported; erased. 

BLOTTER, n. In counting-houses, a waste book 

BLOTTING, ppr. Spotting: with ink ; obliterating ; staining. 

BLOTTING, n. The making of Hlo-s. 

BLOTTING-Pa'PER, n. Unsized paper, serving to imbibe 
ink. and thus prevent blots. 

BLOT'TING-LY, adv. By blotting. 

BLOUSE, I (blowze), n. A light, loose garment, resem- 

BLOWSE, 5 bling a frock-coat 

BLoW, n. 1. The act of striking ; more generally, the 
stroke. 2. The fatal stroke ; a stroke that kills ; hence, 
death. 3. An act of hostility. 4. A sudden calamity ; a 
sudden or severe evil. 5. A single act, or stroke ; as, to 
gain the victory by a single blow. 6. An ovum, or egg de- 
posited by a fly, and termed a fly-blow. 

BLoW, v. i. ; pret blew ; pp. blown. [Sax. blawen, blowan.] 

1. To make a current of air; to move as air. 2. To pant; 
to puff; to breathe hard or quick. 3. To breathe ; as, to 
blow hot and cold. 4. To sound with being blown, as a 
horn or trumpet. 5. To flower ; to blossom ; to bloom, as 
plants. — To blow over, to pass away without effect ; to cease 
or be dissipated. — To blow up, to rise in the air ; also, to 
be broken and scattered by the explosion of gunpowder. 

BLoW, v. t. 1. To throw or drive a current of air upon. 

2. To drive by a current of air ; to impel. 3. To breathe 
upon, for the purpose of warming. 4. To sound a wind 
instrument 5. To spread by report ; as, to blow abroad. 
6. To deposit eggs, as flies. 7. To form bubbles by blow- 
ing. 8. To swell and inflate, as veal. 9. To form glass 
into a particular shape by the breath, as in glass manufac- 
tories. 10. To melt tin, after being first roasted to get rid 
of the sulphur and arsenic. 11. To put out of breath ; as, 
to blow a horse. — To blow away, to dissipate ; to scatter 
with wind. — To blow down, to prostrate by wind. — To blow 
off, to shake down by wind ; as, to blow off fruit from trees ; 
to drive from land; as, to blow off a ship. — To blow out, to 
extinguish by a current of air, as a candle. — To blow up. 
1. To fill with air ; to swell. 2. To inflate ; to puff up. 

3. To kindle. 4. To burst to raise into the ah or to scat 
ter, by the explosion of gunpowder. Figuratively, to scat- 
ter or bring to naught suddenly. 

BLoW, n. 1. A flower; a blossom. This word is in gen 
eral use in the United States. In the Tatler, it is used" for 
blossoms in general. 2. Among seamen, a gale of wind. 
This, also, is in general use in the United States. 

BLOWBALL, n. The downy head of the dandelion. 

BLoW -FLY, n. A fly which is troublesome in summer, 
from depositing its eggs in meat. 

BLOWPIPE, n. An instrument by which a blast or cur- 
rent of air is driven through tbe flame of a lamp or candle, 
and that flame directed upon a mineral substance, to fuse 
or vitrify it. — Compound blow-pipe, an instrument in which 
oxygen and hydrogen are made to unite in a small stream, 
at the moment of ignition, thus producing the most in 
tense heat 

BLOW'POINT, ». A kind of play among children. 

BLoW'ER, n. 1. One who blows ; one who is employed la 
melting tin. 2. A fender or plate of iron used to increase 
the draft of a chimney. 



D6VE ;- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this. t Obsolete 



BLU 



112 



BOA 



8< 5 WING, ppr. Making a current of air ; breathing quick ; 
mounding a wind instrument ; inflating ; impelling by wind. 
jLOW'ING, n. The motion of wind, or act of blowing. 

BLOWN, pp. Driven by wind ; fanned ; put out of breath, 
as a horse ; sounded by blowing ; spread by report ; 
swelled ; inflated ; expanded, as a blossom. — Blown upon, 
made stale or common, as a passage in a writer. — Addison. 

BLOWSE, n. A light loose garment, resembling a frock-coat. 

BLoWTH, n. [Ir. blath, blahh.] Bloom, or blossom, or that 
which is expanded ; the state of blossoming. — Rich. Diet. 

BLOWZE (blouz), n. 1. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. 2. A 
kind of cap. 

BLOWZ'Y, a. Ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high-colored. 

f BLUB, v. t. To swell. See Bleb. 

BLUB'BER, n. [See Blobber, Blob, and Bleb.] 1. A blob- 
ber or bubble {Chaucer) ; [a common, vulgar word.] 2. The 
fat of whales and other large sea animals, of which is 
made train-oil. 3. Sea-nettle, or sea-blubber, the medusa. 

BLUB'BER, v. i. To weep in such a manner as to swell the 
cheeks. 

BLUB'BER, v. t. To swell the cheeks, or disfigure the face 
with weeping. 

BLUB'BER^D, pp. Swelled; big; turgid. 

BLUB'BER-ING, ppr. Weeping so as to swell the cheeks. 

BLUDGEON, n. [Goth, blyggwan.] A short stick, with one 
end loaded, or thicker and heavier than the other, and 
used as an offensive weapon. 

BLUE (blu), a. [Sax. bleo, bleoh. bleow.] One of the seven 
colors, into which the rays of light divide themselves 
when refracted through a glass prism. There are various 
shades of blue, as shy blue, or azure, Prussian blue, indigo 
blue, smalt blue, &c. — The blues (a contraction for blue 
devils), lowness of spirits ; melancholy. To look blue, to 
be confounded or terrified. — Grose. 

BL uE, v. t. To make blue ; to dye of a blue color ; to make 
blue by heating, as metals, &c. 

BLuE'BIRD *i. A small bird, a species of motacilla. 

BLuE'BON-NET, n. A plant, a species of centaurea. 

BLuE'BOOK, n. A book statedly published, giving the 
names of all who hold offices under the government of 
the United States. 

BLuE'BOT'TLE, n. 1. A plant, a species of centaurea. 2. 
A fly with a large blue belly. 

BLuE'BRE AST (bnYbrest), n. A small European bird, called, 
also, the blue-throated warbler. 

BLuE'GAP, n. 1. A fish of the salmon kind. 2. A small 
bird, called, also, blue titmouse, or tomtit. 

BLuE'-DEVILS, n. pi. Lowness of spirits ; hypochondria. 
[Colloquial.'] 

BLuE'-EYjED (-ide), a. Having blue eyes.—Dryden. 

BLuE'FISH, n. 1. A fish, a species of coryphcena. 2. A fish 
allied to the mackerel, common on the coast of New Eng- 
land. 

BLuE'-HIIR.ED, a. Having hair of a blue color. 

BLuE'-JOHN, n. Among miners, fluor spar, a mineral. 

BLuE'-LiGHT (-lite), n. A composition burning with a 
blue flame, used as a night signal by ships. 

BLuE'PE'TER, n. In the British marine, a blue flag with a 
white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing, to 
recall boats, &c. It is a corruption of blue repeater. 

BLuE'-STO€K'ING, n. A term applied to literary ladies, 
and usually with the imputation of pedantry. It is derived 
from the blue-stocking clubs, or meetings of ladies in John- 
son's time, for conversation with distinguished literary 
men. A Mr. Stillingfleet, one of the leading members, 
who gave these meetings their highest interest, always 
appeared at them in blue stockings ; and hence this appel- 
lation was sportively given to these meetings, and to the 
ladies who frequented them. — Boswell's Johnson. 

BLuE'THRoAT, n. A bird with a tawny breast. 

BLUE'- VEINED, a. Having blue veins or streaks. 

BLuE V1TRI-OL, n. Sulphate of copper. 

BLuE'LY, adv. With a blue color.— Swift. 

BLuE'NESS, n. The quality of being blue ; a blue color.— 
Boyle. 

BLuE'Y, a. Somewhat blue. 

BLUFF, a. Big ; surly ; blustering. — Dryden. 

BLUFF, n. A high bank, almost perpendicular, projecting 
into the sea ; a high bank, presenting a steep front. — Bel- 
knap. — Mar. Diet. 

BLUFF'-BOWED, a. Having broad and flat bows. 

BLUFF'-HeAD-ED, a. Having an upright stem. 

BLUFF'NESS, n. A swelling or bloatedness ; surliness. 

BLUFF'?, a. Having bluffs or bold points of coast. 

BLU'ISH, a. Blue in a small degree. — Pope. 

BLti'ISH LY, adv. In a bluish manner. 

BLu'ISB-NESS, n. A small degree of blue color. 

BLUN'DER v. i. 1. To mistake grossly ; to err widely or 
stupidly. 2. To move without direction, or steady guid- 
ance ; to plunge at an object ; to move, speak, or write 
with sudden and blind precipitance. 3. To stumble, as a 
horse. 

BLUN'DER, n. A mistake through precipitance, or without 



due exercise of judgment.- Syn. Mistake error , inad 
vertence ; bull. 

BLUN'DER-BUSS, n. [blunder, and D. bus.' 1. A short 
gun, or fire-arm, with a large bore, capable of holding a 
number of balls, and intended to do execution withou. 
exact aim. 2. A stupid, blundering fellow. — Hallowell. 

BLUN'DER- ED, pp. Done or spoken with gross mistake- 

BLUN'DER-ER, n. One who is apt to blunder, or to make 
gross mistakes ; a careless person. 
j BLUNDER-HEAD (-hed), n. A stupid fellow ; one who 
blunders. — L 'Estrange. 

BLUN'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Moving or acting with blind 
precipitance ; mistaking grossly ; stumbling. 

BLUN'DER-ING-LY, adv. In a blundering manner. 

BLUNT, a. 1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instra 
ment ; dull ; not sharp. 2. Dull in understanding ; slow 
of discernment. 3. Abrupt in address ; wanting the forma 
of civility ; rough in manners or speech. 4. Hard to pen- 
etrate ; [unusual.] — Syn. Pointless ; obtuse ; dull ; rough ; 
plain ; unceremonious ; unpolished ; coarse ; uncivil ; in- 
delicate ; rude. 

BLUNT, v. t. 1. To diill the edge or point, by making it 
thicker. 2. To repress or weaken any appetite, desire, or 
power of the mind. 

BLUNT-WIT-TED, a. Dull ; stupid.— Shak. 

BLUNT'ED, pp. or a. Made dull ; weakened ; impaired , 
repressed. 

BLUNTING, ppr. Maiding dull ; repressing ; impairing 

BLUNTING, n. Restraint ; repressing. — Taylor. 

BLUNTLY, adv. In a blunt manner ; coarsely ; plainly , 
abruptly ; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility. 

BLUNT'NESS. n. 1. Want of edge or point ; dullness ; ob- 
tuseness ; want of sharpness. 2. Coarseness of address , 
roughness of manners ; rude sincerity or plainness. 

BLUR, n. A dark spot; a stain; a blot, whether upon paper 
or other substance, or upon reputation. 

BLUR, v. t. 1. To obscure by a dark spot, or by any foul 
matter, without quite effacing. 2. Figuratively, to cover 
with disgrace, as reputation. — Syn. To spot ; blot ; disfig- 
ure ; disgrace ; stain ; sully ; blemish. 

BLURRED (blurd), pp. Darkened or stained ; obscured 

BLURRING, ppr. Darkening or staining ; spotting. 

BLURT, v. t. To throw at random, hastily, or unadvisedly 
to utter suddenly or inadvertentlv. — Young. 

BLURT'ED, pp. Thrown out hastily. 

BLURTING, ppr. Throwing out or uttering hastily. 

BLUSH, v. i. [D. bloozen.] 1. To .redden in the cheeks or 
face ; to be suddenly suffused with a red color in the 
cheeks or face, from a sense of guilt, shame, contusion, 
modesty, diffidence, or surprise. 2. To bear a blooming 
red color, or any soft, bright color. — Shakspeare has used 
this word in a transitive sense, to make red. 

BLUSH, n. 1. A red color suffusing the cheeks only, or tiie 
face generally, and excited by confusion, which may spring 
from shame, guilt, modesty, diffidence, or surprise. 2. A 
red or reddish color. 3. Sudden appearance ; a glance , 
as, it seems so at tltz first blush. — Locke. 

t BLUSH, v. t. To make red.— Shak. 

t BLUSH'ET, n. A young, modest girl. 

T BLUSHFUL, a. Full of blushes.— Thomson 

BLUSH'FUL-LY, adv. In a blushful manner. 

BLUSHING, ppr. or a. Reddening in the cheeks or face , 
bearing a bright color. 

BLUSH'lNG, n. The act of turning red ; the appearance <>l 
color on the cheek. 

BLUSH'ING-LY, adv. In a blushing manner. 

BLUSH'LESS, a. Unblushing ; past blushing ; impudent. 

BLUSH'Y, a. Like a blush ; having the color of a blush. 

BLUSTER, v. i. 1. To be loud, noisy, or swaggering ; to 
bully ; to puff; to swagger. 2. To roar, and be tumultu- 
ous, as wind ; to be boisterous ; to be windy ; to hurry. 

t BLUSTER, v. t. To blow down. 

BLUSTER, n. Roar of a tempest ; violent wind ; any ir 
regular noise and tumult from wind, or from boisterous 
and vain persons. — Syn. Noise ; boisterousness ; tumult , 
turbulence ; confusion ; boasting ; swaggering ; bullying 

BLUSTER-ER, n. A swaggerer ; a bully ; a noisy, tumult 
uous fellow, who makes great pretensions from vanity. 

BLUSTER-ING, n. Noisy pretension ; swaggering. 

BLUSTER-ING, ppr. Making a noise ; puffing ; boasting. 

BLUSTER-ING, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; windy. 

BLUSTER-ING-LY, adv. In a blustering manner. 

BLUSTROUS, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; boastful. 

BO, excl. [W. bw.] A word of terror ; a customary sound 
uttered by children to frighten their fellows. 

Bo'A, n. A genus of serpents, of the class amphibia, the 
characters of which ar^ the belly and tail are furnished 
with scuta. 

Bo'A, n. A fur tippet, large and round ; so called from as 
resemblance to the boa constrictor. 

Bo'A €ON-STRI€T'OR, n. A powerful serpent of tropical 
America, sometimes 30 or 40 feet long, and having a reg- 
ular succession of alternate bl^.o-K and yellow spots tha 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a. e. T &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— MAP'iNE. BtRD , -MoVF BOOK 



BOA 



113 



BOD 



whole length of its back ; so called from its crushing its 
prey in itscoils. The name is also loosely applied to oth- 
er large serpents, found in Asia and Africa, which crush 
their prey.- -P. Cyc. 

Bo-AN-ER'GES, n. pi. Sons of thunder ; an appellation given 
by Jesus Christ to his two disciples. James and John. 

RoAR, n. [Sax. bar ; Corn, bora.] The male of swine not 
castrated. 

BOAR., v. L In the manege, a horse is said to boar, when he 
shoots out his nose, raising it as high as his ears, and toss- 
es his nose in the wind. 

BoAR'-SPeAR, n. A spear used in hunting boars. 

h'oARD, n. [Sax. bord.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, 
and of considerable length and breadth, compared with 
the thickness, used for building and other purposes. 2. A 
table. 3. Entertainment ; food'; diet. 4. A table at which 
a council or court is held. 5. The deck of a ship ; the 
interior part of a ship or boat 6. The side of a ship ; as, 
to fall overboard. [Fr. bord ; Sp. borda.] 7. The line over 
which a ship runs between tack and tack. 8. A table for 
artificers to sit or work on. 9. A table or frame for a 
game ; as, a chess-board. 10. A body of men constituting 
a quorum in session ; a court, or council. 11. The boards, 
or college boards, in the English universities, are the offi- 
cial list of the members of the -university. To go by the 
board, is for the mast of a ship to be broken, and thrown 
over the bord, or side : hence, used figuratively to express 
a complete sweep or destruction. 

B5ARD, v. t. 1. To lay or spread with boards ; to cover 
with boards. 2. To enter a ship by force in combat, 
which answers to storming a city or fort on land. 3. To 
attack ; to make the first attempt upon a man. In Spen- 
ser, to accost [Fr. aborder.] [obs.] 4. To place at board, 
for a compensation, as a lodger. 5. To furnish with food, 
or food and lodging, for a compensation. 

BoARD. v. i. To receive food or diet as a lodger or without 
lodgings, for a compensation. 

BoARD'-RtJLE, n. A figured scale for finding the number 
of square feet in a board, without calculation. — Haldiman. 

BoARD'-WX-GES, n. pi. Wages allowed to servants to 
keep themselves in victuals. 

BOARD A-BLE, a. That may be boarded, as a ship. 

BoARD'ED, pp. or a. Covered with boards ; entered by armed 
men as a ship ; furnished with food for a compensation. 

BoARD'ER n. 1. One who has food or diet and lodging in 
another's family for a reward. 2. One who boards a ship 
in action ; one who is selected to board ships. 

BOARDING, ppr. Covering with boards ; entering a ship 
by force ; furnishing or receiving board. 

BoARDTN'G, n. 1. The act of entering a ship, particularly 
by force in combat. 2. The act of covering with boards, 
and also the covering itself. 3. The same as board ; 
food; diet 

BoARDTNG-SCHOOL, n. A school, the scholars of which 
board with the teacher. 

BoAR'ISH. a. Swinish ; brutal ; cruel — Siiak. 

BoAST, v. i. [W. bostiaw.] 1. To make an ostentatious dis- 
play, in speech, of one's own worth, property, or actions. 
2. To glory ; to speak with laudable pride and ostentation 
of meritorious persons or things. 3. To exalt one's self; 
usually followed by of or in. — Syn. To brag ; vaunt ; blus- 
ter ; vapor ; crow ; crack ; talk big. 

Bo AST, v. t. 1. To display in ostentations language ; to 
speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation, wifh"a view to 
self-commendation. 2. To magnify or exalt. 3. To exult 
in confident expectation. 

BoAST, n. 1. Expression of ostentation, pride, or vanity ; 
a vaunting. 2. The cause of boasting ; occasion of pride, 
vanity, or~laudable exultation. 

B5ASTER, n. One who boasts, glories, or vaunts ostenta- 
tiously. — Syn. Braggard ; braggart ; braggadocio. 

B5ASTFUL, a. Given to boasting ; ostentatious of personal 
worth or actions. 

B5ASTFUL-LY, adv. In a boastful manner. 

RoASTTUL-NESS, n. State of being boastful. 

ROASTING, j?pr. Talking ostentatiously; glorying; vaunting. 

BoASTTNG, n. Ostentatious display of personal worth, or 
actions. — Synt. Vaunting ; glorying ; ostentation ; vain- 
glory ; rhodomontade ; swaggering ; gasconade ; brag ; 
vaunt ; bluster ; parade ; vaporing. 

BoAST'ING-LY, adv. In an ostentatious manner ; with 
boasting. 

BoASTiVE. a. Presumptuous. [Unusual.'] 

R5ASTLESS, a. Without ostentation.— Thomson. 

BoAT, n. [Sax. and Sw. bat.] 1. A small open vessel, or 
water-craft usually moved by oars, or rowing. 2. A 
small vessel carrying a mast and sails ; but usually de- 
scribed by another word ; as, a packet-boat. 

BOAT, v. t. To transport in a boat ; as, to boat goods across 
_a lake. — Ash. 

BoAT-BILL, n. A genus of birds, the cancroma. 

BoAT-FL?, 



BoAT-IN-SECT. 



> n. A genus of insects. 



B5AT-HQOK, n. An iron hook with a point on the bac& 
fixed toa long pole, to pull or push a boat 

BoAT-RoPE, n. A rope to fasten a boat usually called * 
painter. 

BoAT-SHIPED (bote'-shapt), a. Having the shape of & 
boat ; navicular ; hollow, like a boat 

BoATA-BLE, a. Navigable for boats, or small river craft— 
Ramsay. 

BOATED, pp. Transported in a boat. 

BoAT'ING, ppr. Transporting in boats. 

BoATING, n. 1. The act or practice of sailing or transport- 
ing in boats. — 2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offend- 
ers by laying them on the back in a boat which is covered, 
where they perish. 

t BO-A'TION, n. [L. boo.] A crying out ; a roar. 

BoATMAN. In. A man who manages -a boat ; a rower of 

BoATS'MAN, $ a boat 

* BOATSWAIN, n. {in familiar speech, pronounced bo'sn.) 
[Sax. batswein.] An officer on board of ships, who has 
charge of the boats, sails, rigging, <fcc, and calls the men 
to their duty. 

BOB, n. 1. A short, jerking action ; as, a bob of the head ; a 
slight blow or jog. 2. Any small appendage which moves 
with a jerking action, or plays loosely : a pendant ; as, " In 
jewels dressed, and at each end a bob." Dryden. — 3. In a 
familiar language, a pendant or knot of worms, at the end 
of a line, used in catching eels. 4. The words repeated at 
the end of a stanza ; [obs.] 5. A jeer, or flout. 6. The ball 
of a short, quick-moving pendulum. 7. A mode of ring- 
ing. 8. A short wig ; a bob-wig. 

BOB, v. t. 1. To move with a short jerking motion ; as, to 
bob one's head ; to bob a courtesy. 2. To beat or bang. 
3. To cheat ; to gain by fraud. 4." To mock or delude. 5 
To cut short. 

BOB, v. i. 1. To play backward and forward ; to play loose 
ly against any thing. 2. To angle or fish for eels, or to 
catch eels with a bob. 

BOB'-CHER-RY, n. Among children, a play in which a 
cherry is hung so as to bob against the mouth, and V' 
caught with the teeth, 
i BOB'TXILED, a. Havin? the hair or tail cut short 
I BOB WIG, ? » , t . 

BOBT IIL-WIG I 72 " sil ort wig. — Spectator. 
J t BO-BANCE' (bo-bans'); n. A boasting.— Chaucer. 
j BOBBED (bobd), pp. Moved with a quick act ; beat ass 

shaken ; cheated ; gained bv fraud ; deluded. 
! BOB'BIN. n. [Fr. bobine: D. babyn.] 1. A small pin or cyl- 
indrical piece of wood, with a head, on which thread is 
wound for making lace. A similar instrument used in 
spinning ; a spooL 2. Round tape. 

BOB'BIN-W6RK, n. Work woven with bobbins. 

BOB-BIN -ET, n. A kind of lace wrought by machines, and 
not by hand. 

BOB'BING, ppr. Playing back and forth : striking ; cheat- 
ing ; angling for eels. 

BOB'BISH, a. In familiar discourse, used for being hearty • 
in good spirits. 

BOB'O-LINK, n. The popular name of the rice-bird. 

BOB'STaYS, n, pi. Ropes to confine the bowsprit of a ship 
downward to the stem. 

BOBT1IL, n. 1. A short tail, or a tail cut short. 2. The 
rabble : used in contempt. 

BOCA-SINE, n. [Fr.] A sort of fine linen or buckram 

BoCE, n. The sparus, a beautiful fish.— Ash. 

BOCK'E-LET, \ n . ,. , , . . , , . 

BOCK'E-RET \ long-wmged hawk. 

BOCK1NG, n. A particular sort of cloth, like baize v: 
druffget. 

BOCK'LAND. See Bootxand.— Encyc. 

BoDE, v. t. [Sax. bodian, bodigan.] To portend ; to fore- 
show ; to presage ; to indicate something future by signs ; 
to be the omen of. 

BoDE. v. i. To foreshow ; to presage. — Dryden. 
I BoDE, n. 1. An omen. — Chaucer. ~2. A stop. See Abidr. 

BoTjED, pp. or a. Presaged ; omened. 

f BoDE'MENT, n. An omen : portent; prognostic. 

t BODGE, v. i. To bo£gle ; to stop.— Shak. 

f BODGE, n. A botch.— Whitlock. 

BOD'f CE, n. Stays ; a waistcoat quilted with whalebontt 
worn by women*. 

BODIED (bod'id). a. Having a body.— Shak. 

BOD'I-LESS, a. Having no body or material form ; incor 
poreal. 

tBODl-LI-NESS, n. Corporality. — Minsheu. 

BOD1-LY, a. 1. Having or containing a body, or material 
form : corporeal. 2. Relating or pertaining to the body, 
in distinction from the mind. 3. Real ; actual. 

BOD'I-LY, adv. 1. Corporeally; united with a body or 
matter. 2. In respect to the whole body or mass ; en- 
tirely ; completely ; as, to carry away bodily. 

BODING, ppr. or a. Foreshowing ; presaging. 

BODING, n. An omen. — Bp. Ward. 

BOD'KIN, n. 1. An instrument for making hoies by pierc 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thi< ^Obsolete 
H 



BUi 



114 



BOL 



:iig. An instrument with an eye for draw^ig thread, 
tape, or ribbon through a loop, &c. An instrument to 
dress the hair. 2. A dagger ; [not in use.] 
BOD'LeI-AN. a. Pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, who 
founded a celebrated library at Oxford in the 16th century. 
BOD'Y, ??. [Sax. bodig.] 1. The frame of an animal ; the 
material substance of an animal. 2. The main central 
part of an animal, in distinction from the head and ex- 
tremities. 3. Matter, as opposed to spirit. — Hooker. 4. A 
person ; a human being ; sometimes alone ; more gener- 
ally, with some or no ; as, somebody ; nobody. 5. Reality, 
as opposed to representation. 6. A collective mass ; a 
number of individuals or particulars united. 7. The main 
army ; any number of forces. 8. A corporation ; a num- 
ber of men, united by a common tie, by one form of gov- 
ernment, or by occupation. 9. The main part; the bulk ; 
as, the body of a tree, or of a people. 10. Any extended, 
solid substance ; matter ; any substance or mass distinct 
from others. 11. A pandect ; a general collection ; a code ; 
a system. 12. Strength ; as wine of a good body. 13. 
Bodily appetite ; as, " I keep under my body." 

VOD'Y, v. t. To produce in some form. 

BOD'Y-CLoTHES, n. pi. Clothing or covering for the 
body, as for a horse. — Addison. 

BOD'Y-POL'I-TIC, n. The collective body of a people under 
a civil government ; a nation in their political capacity. 

BOD'Y-GUARD, n. The guard that protects or defends the 
person ; the life-guard. Hence, security. 

BODT-SNATCH-ER, n. One who robs graves for the pur- 
poses of dissection. — Miss Martineau. 

BODT-SNATCH-ING, n. The robbing of graves for the 
purposes of dissection. — Miss Martineau. 

BOG, n. [Ir. bog.] 1. A quagmire covered with grass or 
other plants. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, 
in marshes and swamps, filled with roots and grass. — New 
England. 

BOG, v. t. To whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire. 

BOG'-BeAN, n. Menyanthes, a marsh plant, having beauti- 
ful flowers, and leaves intensely bitter. 

BOG'-BER-RY, n. A name of the cranberry (oxycoccus), 
growing in marshy places. 

BOG'-HOUSE, n. A house of office. 

BOG'-LAND, a. Living in or pertaining to a marshy coun- 
try. — Dryden. 

BOG'-MOSS, n. The sphagnum, a genua of aquatic moss 
plants. 

BOG'-oRE, n. An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy 
land ; a variety of brown iron ore, or lemonite. 

BOG'-RUSH, n. 1. A rush that grows in bogs. 2. A bird, 
a species of warbler. 

BOG'-SPAV-IN, n. In horses, an encysted tumor on the in- 
side of the hough. 

BOG'-TROT-TER, n. One who lives in a boggy country.— 
Johnson. 

BOG-WH6RT, n. The bilberry or whortleberry, growing 
in low lands. 

BOG'GLE. v. i. 1. To stop, as if afraid to proceed, or as if 
impeded by unforeseen difficulties ; like one in a bog. — 
Rich. Diet. 2. To play fast and loose. 3. To dissemble. — 
Syn. To doubt ; hesitate ; waver ; shrink. 

BOG'GLE, v. t. To embarrass with difficulties ; [a popular 
or vulgar use of the word in the United States.] 

BOG'GLiSD, pp. Perplexed and impeded by sudden diffi- 
culties ; embarrassed. 

BOG'GLER, n. A doubter ; a timorous man. 

BOG'GLING, ppr. or a. Starting or stopping at difficulties ; 
hesitating. 

f BOG'GLISH, a. Doubtful.— Taylor. 

BOG'GY, a. Containing bogs ; full of bogs. 

BOG'GLE \ n - t W> hwg ^ Abu § bear ; a spectre. 

BO-HeA' (bo-heO, n. [Grosier informs us that this is named 
from a mountain in China, called Vou-y, or Voo-y.] A 
sort of coarse or low-priced tea from China ; a sort of 

Bo'HUN U-PAS. See Upas. 

BOI'AR, In. In the Russian empire, a nobleman ; a lord ; 

BOY'AR, > a person of quality ; a soldier. 

BOI'A-RIN, n. In Russia, a gentleman. 

BOIL, v. i. [Ft. bouillir ; L. bullio.] 1. To swell, heave, or 
be agitated by the action of heat ; to bubble ; to rise in 
bubbles. 2. To be agitated by any other cause than heat, 
as waves. 3. To be hot or fervid ; to swell by native 
heat, vigor, or irritation, as the blood. 4. To be in boiling 
water ; to suffer boiling heat in water or other liquid, for 
cookery or other purpose. 5. To bubble ; to effervesce ; 
as a mixture of an acid and some carbonate. — To boil 
away, to evaporate by boiling. — To boil over, is to run over 
the top of a vessel. 

BOIL, v. t. 1, To dress or cook in boiling water ; to seethe ; 
to extract the juice or quality of any thing by boiling. 2. 
To prepare for some use in boiling liquor. To form by 
boiling and evaporation. 



BOIL, n. [D. buil; Ger. beule; Dan. bylde; Sax. bile.] A 
tumor upon the flesh, accompanied with soreness and ir> 
flammation ; a sore, angry swelling. 
BOIL'A-RY, n. The water which arises from a salt wel», 

belonging to one who has no right in the soil. — Bouvier. 
BOIL£D, pp. or a. Dressed or cooked by boiling ; subject- 
ed to the action of boiling liquor. 
BOIL'ER, n. 1. A person who boils. 2. A vessel in which 

any thing is boiled.. 
BOIL'ER- Y, n. A place where salt is boiled. — Johnson. 
BOILING, ppr. or a. Bubbling ; heaving in bubbles ; being 
agitated, as boiling liquor ; swelling with heat, ardor, or 
passion ; dressing or preparing for some purpose by hoi 
water. — Boiling point, the temperature at which a fluid is 
converted into vapor with ebullition. That of water is 
212° of Fahrenheit. 
BOILING, n. The act or state of bubbling ; agitation by 
heat ; ebullition ; the act of dressing by hot water ; the 
act of preparing by hot water, or of evaporating by heat. 
BOIS'TER-OUS, a. [D. byster; W. bwyst.] 1. Pertaining to 
noise, confusion, or violence ; applied to persons or things ; 
as, the boisterous ocean, boisterous behavior. 2. Large ; 
unwieldly ; huge ; clumsily violent. — Syn. Loud ; roar- 
ing ; violent ; stormy ; turbulent ; furious ; tumultuous ; 
noisy ; violent ; impetuous ; vehement. 
BOIS'TER-OUS-LY, adv. Violently ; furiously ; with loud 

noise ; tumultuously. 
BOIS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 

boisterous ; turbulence ; disorder ; tumultuousness. 
Bo'LA-RY, a. Pertaining to bole or clay, or partaking of 

its nature and qualities: — Brown. 
BOLTBI-TINE, a. An epithet given to one of the channels 

_or mouths of the Nile. 
BoLD, a. [Sax. bald, beald.] 1. Having courage or intrepid- 
ity; as, a bold chieftain. 2. Requiring courage in the ex- 
ecution ; executed with spirit or boldness ; planned with 
courage and spirit ; as, a bold undertaking. 3. Confident ; 
not timorous.— 4. In an ill sense, rude, forward, impudent. 
5. Showing great liberty of fiction or expression ; as, a bold 
image. 6. Standing out to view ; striking to the eye, as 
bold figures in painting. 7. Steep ; abrupt ; prominent ; 
as, a bold shore. — To make bold, to take freedoms ; a com- 
mon, but not a correct phrase. To be bold is better. — Syn 
Courageous ; daring ; brave ; intrepid ; fearless ; dauntless 
valiant ; manful ; audacious ; stout-hearted ; high-spirited 
adventurous ; confident ; strenuous ; forward ; impudent 
t BoLD, v. t. To make daring.— Hall. 
BoLD'-FaCE, n. Impudence; saucinees ; a term of repre- 
hension and reproach. 
BoLD'-FaCjED (-faste), a. Impudent— Bramhall. 
BoLD'-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having bold spirit or courage. 
BoLD'.EN (bold'dn), v. t. To make bold ; to give confidence . 

—Ascham. This is nearly disused. 
BoLD'LY, adv. In a bold manner; courageously; intrep- 
idly; without timidity or fear; with confidence. Some- 
times, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently. 
BoLD'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from timidity or apprehension. 
2. Prominence ; the quality of exceeding the ordinary 
rules of scrupulous nicety and caution. 3. Freedom from 
distrust ; liberty. 4. Confidence ; confident assurance. 5. 
Freedom from bashfulness ; confident mien. 6. Prom- 
inence ; steepness. 7. Excess of freedom, bordering on 
impudence. — Syn. Courage ; bravery ; intrepidity ; daunt- 
lessness; hardihood; assurance. 
BoLE, n. [Sw. bol] 1. The body or stem of a tree. 2. A 

measure of corn, containing six bushels. 
BoLE, n. A kind of fine clay, often highly colored by iron 
BO-Le'RO, n. A favorite dance in Spain ; so called from 

the name of its inventor. 
BO-LETIC, a. Boletic acid is the acid of boletus. 
BO-Le'TUS, n. [L.] A genus of mushrooms. 
Bo'LIS, n. [L.] A fire-ball darting through the air, followed 

by a train of fight or sparks. 
BoLL, n. [W. bul ; Sax. bolla.] The pod or capsule of a 
plant, as of flax ; a pericarp. Bole, a measure of six bush- 
els, is sometimes written in this manner. 
BoLL, v. i. To form into a pericarp or seed-vessel. 
BoLLTNGS, n. pi. Pollard-trees, whose tops and branches 

are _cut off. — Ray. 
BO-Lo GN'A-SAU'S AgE, n. A large sausage made of bacon, 
veal, and pork-suet, chopped fine, and inclosed in a skin. 
BO-LoGN'I-AN ST5NE (bo-lo'ne-an stone). Radiated sul 

phate of barytes, first discovered near Bologna 
BoL'STER, n. [Sax. and Sw. bolster.] 1. A long pillow or 
cushion, used to support the head of persons lying on a 
bed. 2. A pad, or quilt. — 3. In saddlery, a part of a sad- 
dle raised upon the bows or hinder part, to hold the rider'* 
thigh. — 4. In ships, a cushion or bag, filled with tarred 
canvas, used to preserve the stays from being worn or 
chafed by the masts. 
BoL'STER, v. t. 1. To support with a bolster, pillow, or any 
soft pad or quilt. 2. To support ; tc hold up ; to maintain. 
BoL'STER, v. i. To lie together in a bed.— Shak. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, % f, &c„ short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, B1RL ;— MOVE, BOQK. 



BOM 



115 



BON 



B5L'STER£D, a. Swelled out ; supported. 
BoL'STER-ER, n. A supporter. 
BoL'STER-ING, n. A prop or support.— Taylor. 
BoLT, n. [Dan. bolt.] 1. An arrow ; a dart ; a pointed shaft. 
— Dry den. 2. A strong cylindrical pin, of iron or other 
metal, used to fasten a door, a plank, a chain, &c. 3. A 
thunder-bolt ; a stream of lightning, so named from its 
darting like a bolt. 4. The quantity of twenty-eight ells 
of canvas. — Bolt upright, as erect or straight up, as an ar- 
row placed on its head. — Grose. 
35LT, v. t. 1. To fasten or secure with a bolt, or iron pin, 
whether a door, a plank, fetters, or any thing else. 2. To 
fasten ; to shackle ; to restrain. — Shak. 3. To blurt out ; 
to utter or throw out precipitately ; as, to bolt out every 
thing that occurs. 4. To throw precipitately ; to swallow 
without chewing ; as, to bolt food down one's throat. 
35LT, v. t. [Russ. boltayu ; Norm, bulter, a bolting sieve.] 
1. To sift or separate bran from flour. — 2. Among sports- 
men, to start or dislodge, used of conies. 3. To examine 
by sifting; [inelegant.] 4. To purify; to purge. — Shak., 
[unusual.] 5. To discuss, or argue. 
3oLT, v. i. To shoot forth suddenly ; to spring out with 

_speed and suddenness ; to start forth like a bolt. 
BoLT-AU-GER, n. A large borer, used in ship-building. 
^.oLT-BoAT, n. A strong boat, that will endure a rough 

sea. — Ash. 
^oLT'-HEAD, n. A long, straight-necked glass vessel, for 

chemical distillations, called, also, a matrass or receiver. 
tJoLT-RoPE, n. A rope to which the edges of sails are 

sewed to strengthen them. 
BoLT-SPRIT. See Bowspbit. 
BoLT-UP-RIGHT, a. Perfectly upright.— Good. 
BoLT'ED, pp. or a. Made fast with a bolt ; shot forth ; sift- 
ed ; examined. 
BoLT'ER, n. 1. An instrument or machine for separating 

bran from flour. 2. A kind of net. 
f- BoLT'ER, v. t. To besmear.— Shak. 

BoLTTNG, ppr. Fastening with a bolt, or bolts; blurting 
out ; shooting forth suddenly ; separating bran from flour ; 
sifting; examining; discussing; dislodging. 
BoLTING, n. The act of fastening with a bolt or bolts ; a 

sifting; discussion. 
BoLTTNG-CLOTH, n. A linen or hair cloth, of which bolt- 
ers are made for sifting meal. 
BoLT'ING-HOUSE, n. The house or place where meal is 

bolted. 
BoLTlNG-HUTCH, n. A tub for bolted flour. 
B5LTTNG-MILL, n. A machine or engine for sifting meal. 
BoLT'ING-TUB, n. A tub to sift meal in. 
BoLTON-lTE, n. A granular mineral, of a grayish or yel- 
lowish color, from Bolton, Mass., consisting principally of 
j3ilica and magnesia. 
fio'LUS, n. [L.] A soft mass of any thing medicinal, made 

into a large pill, to be swallowed at once. 
BOMB (bum), n. [L. bombus ; Gr. [3on6oc;.] 1. A great noise. 
2. A large shell of cast iron, round and hollow, with a vent 
to receive a fusee, containing combustible matter. This 
being filled with gunpowder, and the fusee set on fire, the 
bomb is thrown from a mortar in such a direction as to 
fall into a fort, city, or enemy's camp. 3. The stroke upon 
a bell. 
i B6MB, v. t. To attack with bombs ; to bombard. 
R6MB, v. i. To sound. — Ben Jonson. 

B6MB-CHEST, n. A chest filled with bombs, or only with 
gunpowder, placed under ground to make destruction by 
its displosion. 
BoMB'-KETCH, In. A small ship or vessel, constructed 
B6MB'-VES-SEL, 5 for throwing bombs. 
BoMB'-PROOF, a. Secure against bombs. 
B6MB-SHELL (bum'shell), n. A bomb, or hollow globe, 

filled with gunpowder, to be discharged from a mortar. 
BoM'BaRD (bum'bard), n. [Fr. bombarde.] 1. A piece of 
short, thick ordnance. 2. An attack with bombs ; bom- 
bardment — Barlow. 3. A barrel; a drinking vessel; [obs.] 
B6M-BXRD', v. t. To attack with bombs thrown from mor- 
tars. 
RoM-BaRD'ED, pp. Attacked with bombs. 
B6M-BARD-IER', n. 1. One whose business is to attend the 
loading and firing of mortars. 2. A kind of beetle, called, 
also, the bombadier beetle, from its discharging from behind 
an aeriform fluid with a slight explosion. 
B6M-JB ARDTNG, ppr. Attacking with shells or bombs. 
B6M-BXRD'MENT, n. An attack with bombs ; the act of 

throwing bombs into a town, fort, or ship. 

BOM-BaR'DO, n. A musical instrument of the wind kind, 

much like the bassoon, and used as a bass to the hautboy. 

-Encyc. 

B6M-BA-S5JN', 1 n. [Fr.] A twilled fabric, of which the 

B6M-BA-ZINE', 3 warp is silk and the weft worsted. — 



To inflate.— Bp. Hall. 

Swelled; high-sounding. — Syn. Inflated, 

n. Swelling words without much meaning , 



BoM'BAST, n. Originally, a stuff of soft, loose texture, 
used to swell garments. Hence, high-sounding words ; an 
inflated style , fustian. 



* B6M'B AST, a. High-sounding ; inflated ; big without mean • 
ing.— Swift. 

\B6M-BAST,v.t. 

B6M-BASTTC, a. 
tumid; turgid. 

BoM'BAST-RY, 
fustian. — Swift. 

BOM'BaTE, n. A salt formed by a combination of the bom- 
bic acid and any base. — Lavoisier. 

BOM'BAX, n. The cotton tree. 

B6M-BA-ZET, n. A sort of thin woolen cloth. 

B6M-BA-Z1NE', n. A twilled fabric, of which the warp is 
silk and the weft worsted ; ordinarily black. 

BOM'BIG, a. Pertaining to the silk-worm. 

BOM'BIG ACID, n. An animal acid, obtained from the 
silk worm and from raw silk. Its existence as a distinct 
acid hasbeen denied. 

B6M-BI-L A'TION, n. [L. bombilo.] Sound ; report ; noise. 
— Brown. [Little used.] 

BOM'BlTE, n. A bluish black mineral found at Bombay 
and apparently a variety of flinty slate. 

BOM-BYC'I-NOUS, a. [L. bombycinus.] 1. Silken ; made ol 
silk. 2. Being of the color of the silk-worm ; transpa- 
rent, with yellow tint. 

BOM'BYX, n. [Gr. /? /i6u$.] The silk-worm. 

BON (bong), n. [Fr.J A good saying ; a jest ; a tale. — Svenser 

Bo'Na Fi'De, a. [L.] With good faith ; without fraud or 
deception. 

t BO-NIIR', a. [It. bonario.] Complaisant ; yielding. 

Bo-NA-PaRT'E-AN, a. Pertaining to Bonaparte. 

Bo'NA-PaRT-ISM, n. Attachment to Bonaparte and his 
principles. 

Bo'NA-P ART-ISM, n. The policy or manners of Bonaparte. 
— Lamartine. 

Bo'NA-PlRT-IST, n. One attached to the person or prin- 
ciples of Bonaparte. 

Bo'NA PER-I-TU'RA. [L.] Perishable goods. 

Bo'NA-Ro'BA, n. [It.] A showy wanton. — Shak. 

BO-Na'SUS, n. [L.] A species of bison, or wild ox. 

BON'BON (bong'bong), n. [Fr.] Sugar confectionery , a 
sugar plum. 

BON'-CHIeF, n. [Fr. bon chef] Good consequence. 

BON GHReT'IEN (bon-krefyen), n. [Fr.] A species of pear. 

BOND, n. [Sax. bond.] 1. Any tiling that binds, as a cord, a 
band. 2. Ligament; that which holds things together. 
3. Union ; connection ; a binding. — 4. In the plural, chains ; 
imprisonment ; captivity. 5. Cause of union ; cement 
which unites ; link of connection. 6. An obligation im- 
posing a moral duty, as by a vow, or promise, by law or 
other means. — 7. In law, an obligation or deed, by which a 
person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administra- 
tors, to pay a certain sum, on or before a future day ap- 
pointed. Commonly, a condition is announced that if the 
obliger performs a certain act (as paying a sum of money, 
&c.) before a given time, the obligation shall be void ; oth- 
erwise, in force. — Syn. Chains; fetters; captivity; im- 
prisonment. 
BOND, a. [for bound]. In a state of servitude or slavery , 

captive. 
BOND, v. t. To give bond for ; to secure payment of, by 

giving a bond. — War in Disguise. 
BOND-CREDITOR, n. A creditor who is secured bv a 

bond. 
BOND'MIID, n. A female slave. 
BOND'MAN, n. A man slave. 
BOND'SERV-ANT, n. A slave. 
BOND'SERV-lCE. n. The condition of a bond-servant 

slavery. 
BOND'SLIVE, 77. A person in a state of slavery. 

BOND'WoM-AN ' S U ' A woman slave - — Sen Jonson. 

BONDAGE, n. 1. Slavery, or involuntary servitude ; cap- 
tivity; imprisonment; restraint of a person's liberty by 
compulsion. 2. Obligation ; tie of duty. — -"Syn. Thralldom . 
captivity ; bond-service ; imprisonment. 

BOND'ED, pp. or a. Secured by bond, as duties. Bonded 
goods are those for the duties on which bonds are given at 
the custom-house. 

BONDS'MAN, n. 1. A slave; [obs.] 2. A surety; one who 
is bound, or who gives security for another. 

BoNDUC, n. A species of guilandina, or nickar-tree. 

BoNE, n. [Sax. ban.] 1. A firm, hard substance, of a duG 
white color, composing the skeleton or frame-work of the 
body in the higher order of animals. 2. A piece of bone, 
with fragments of meat adhering to it. — To be upon tkt 
bones, is to attack ; [little used, and vulgar.] — To malce na 
bones, is to make no scruple. 

BoNE, v. t. 1. To take out bones from the flesh, as in cook 
ery. — Johnson. 2. To put whalebone into stays. — Ash 

BoNE'-ICE, n. A game at cards. 

B5NE'-a€HE (-ake), n. Pain in the bones.— Shak. 

BoNE'BLACK, n. Animal charcoal, a black substance pro 
duced by burning bones in close vessels. 



D6VE ;— - BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS —6 as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH ^s in this: f QbsoleUt-. 



boo 



116 



BOO 



BoNE'-DUST, n. Bones ground for the purpose of being 
used as manure. — Brande. 

BoNE'-eARTH, n. The earthy residuum after the calcina- 
tion of bones, consisting chiefly of phosphate of lime. 

BoNE'-SET, v. t. To set a dislocated bone ; to unite broken 
bones. — Wiseman. 

BoNE'-SET, n. A plant; the thoroughwort. 

BoN E'-SET-TER, n. One whose occupation is to set and 
restore broken and dislocated bones. 

BoNE'-SET-TING, n. The act or art of setting bones. 

BoNE'-SPAV-IN, n. A bony excrescence, or hard swelling, 
on the inside of the hock of a horse's leg. 

B5N.ED, pp. Deprived of bones, as in cookery. 

BoNJED, a. Having bones ; used in composition ; as, large- 
boned, &c. 

) BoNE'LICE, n. A lace made of linen thread, so called 
because woven with bobbins of bone. 

BoNE'LESS, a. Without bones ; wanting bones. 

BoNES, n. A sort of bobbins, made of bones or ivory, for 
weaving lace; also, dice. 

BO-NETTA, n. A sea fish.— Herbert. 

BON'FlRE, n. [Fr. bon and fire.] A fire made as an ex- 
pression of public joy and exultation. 

f BON'GRICE, n. [Fr. bonne and grace.] A covering for 
the forehead. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

Bo'NI-FORM, a. Of a good shape. 

tBONl-F?, v. t. To convert into good. — Cudworih. 

BoN'ING, ppr. Depriving of bones. 

BO-N'f'TO, n. [Sp.] A fish of the tunny kind. 

t BON1-TY, n. Goodness. 

BONMOT' (bong'mo'), n. [ Fr. bon and mot.] A jest ; a witty 
repartee. 

BONNE B6UCHE (bon boosh), n. [Fr.] A delicious morsel 
or mouthful. 

BON'NET, n. [Fr. bonnet-.] 1. A covering for the head.— 
% In fortification, a small work with two faces, having 
only a parapet, with two rows of palisades. 

f BON'NET, v. i. To pull off the bonnet ; to make obeisance. 

BON'NET-PEP'PER, n. A species of capsicum. 

BON'NETS, n. pi. Small sails set on the courses of the miz- 
zen, mainsail, and foresails of a ship. 

BON'NET-ED, a. Wearing a bonnet. 

BON'NI-BEL, n. [Fr bonne and belle.] A handsome girl. — 
Spenser. 

BON'NI-LiSS, n. A beautiful girl.— Spenser. 

BON'Nl-LY, adv. Gayly ; handsomely ; plumply. 

BON'NI-NESS, n. Gayety ; handsomeness ; plumpness. 
{Little used.] 

BON'NY, a. [Fr. bon, bonne.] 1. Handsome ; beautiful. 2. 
Gay ; merry ; frolicksome ; cheerful ; blithe. — 3. In famil- 
iar language, plump. 

BON'NY, n. Among miners, a bed of ore. 

BONTNTY-CLAB-BER, n. A word used in Ireland for sour 
buttermilk. It is used in America for any milk that is 
turned, or become thick in the process of souring. 

BON'TEN, n. A narrow woolen stuff. 

BON-TON' (bong'tong'), a. [Fr.] The height of the fashion. 

Bo'NUM MAG'NUM. [L.] A species of plum. 

Bo'NUS, n. [L.] 1. A premium given for a charter or other 
privilege. 2. An extra dividend to the shareholders of a 
joint-stock company o\it of accumulated profits. — Gilbert. 

BON-V'i-VANT' (bong-vg-vong'), n. [Fr.] A high liver ; a 
jovial companion. 

Bo'NY, a. 1. Consisting of bones ; full of bones ; pertaining 
to bones. 2. Having large or prominent bones ; stout ; 
strong. y 

BON'ZE (bon'zy), n. A Boodhist priest in China, Japan, 
and the neighboring countries. 

BOO'BY, n. [Sp. bobo.] 1. A dunce; a stupid fellow ; a lub- 
ber. 2. A water fowl, allied to the pelican, remarkable for 
its apparent stupidity in allowing itself to be caught. 
BOOB'Y, a. Having the characteristics of a booby. 
BOO'B Y-HUT, n. A kind of covered sleigh.— (Am.) 

BOO'BY-HUTCH, n. A clumsy, ill-contrived covered car- 
riage or seat, used in the east of England. — Forby. 
BOODH, n. In Eastern Asia, a general name for the divinity. 
SOODHISM, n. A system of religion in Eastern Asia, em- 
braced by more than one third of the human race. It 
teaches that, at distant intervals, a Boodk, or deity, appears, 
to restore the world from a state of ignorance and decay, 
and then sinks into entire' non-existence, or, rather, per- 
haps of bare existence, without attributes, action, or con- 
sciousness. This state, called Nirva.na, or Nicban, is con- 
sidered as the ultimate supreme good, and the highest re- 
ward of virtue on earth. Four Boodhs have thus appeared 
in this world, and passed into Nirvana, the last of" whom, 
Gaudama, became incarnate about 500 years before Christ. 
From his death, in 543 B.C., many thousand years will 
elapse before the appearance of another; so that the sys- 
tem, in the mean time, is practically one of pure atheism. 
The objects of worship, until another Boodh appears, are 
the relics and images of Gaudama. — E. E. Salisbury, Mal- 



BOODH'IST, n. A believer in Boodhism. 

BOOK, n. [Sax. boc] 1. A general name of every literary 
composition which is printed ; but appropriately, a printed 
composition bound ; a volume. 2. A particular part of a 
literary composition ; a division of a subject in the sam« 
volume. 3. A volume or collection of sheets for writing, 
or in which accounts are kept. — In books, in kind remem- 
brance ; in favor. Without book, by memory ; without 
reading ; without notes ; without authority. 

BOOK, v. t. To enter, write, or register in a book. 

B0OK-AC-COUNT, n . An account or register of debt or 
credit in a book. 

BOOK'BlND-ER, n. One whose occupation it is to bind 
books. 

BOOK'BlND'ER-Y, n. A place for binding books. 

BOOKBlND-ING, n. The art or practice of binding books. 

BOOK-DEBT (book'-det), n. A debt for articles delivered 
and charged by the seller in his book account. 

BOOK'-KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps accounts, or the ac 
counts of another. 

BOOK'-KEEP-ING, n. The art of recording mercantile 
transactions in a regular and systematic manner ; the art 
of keeping accounts. 

BOOK-KN6WL-ED6E (-nollej), n. Knowledge gained by 
reading books. 

BOOK'-LeARN-ED (-lern-ed), a. Acquainted with books 
and literature. 

BOOK'-LeARN-ING, n. Learning acquired by reading. 

EOOK'-MAD-NESS, n. A rage for possessing books ; bib- 
liomany. 

BOOK'-MfND-ED-NESS, n. Love of books. 

BOOK'-MUS-LIN [originally buke muslin], n. A particular 
kind of muslin. 

BOOK'CISE, n. A case with shelves for holding books 

BOOKjSD (bookt), pp. Entered in a book ; registered. 

BOOK'FU L, a. Full of notions gleaned from books ; crowd 
ed with undigested learning. 

BOOKING, ppr. Registering in a book. 

BOOKISH, a. Given to reading ; fond of study ; more ac 
quainted with books than with men. 

BOOK'ISH-LY, adv. In the way of being addicted to books, 
or much reading. 

BOOK'ISH-NESS, n. Addicted to books. 

BOOK'LAND, In. In old English laws, charter laud, the 

BOCK'LAND, ) same as free socage land. 

BOOKLESS, a. Without books; unlearned. 

BOOK'MaK-ER, n. One who writes and publishes books. 

BOOK'MaK-ING, n. The practice of writing and publishing 
books. 

BOOKMAN, 77. A man whose profession is the study of 
books. 

BOOK'MaTE, n. A school-fellow.— Shak. 

BOOK'oATH, n. The oath made on the Book, or Bible. 

BOOK'S ELL-ER, n. One whose occupation is to sell books 

BOOK'SELL-ING, n. The employment of selling books. 

BOOKSTALL, n. A stand or stall, commonly in the open 
air, for retailing books. 

BOOKSTAND, n. A stand or frame for containing books 
offered for sale in the streets. 

BOOK'SToNE, n. See Bibliolite. 

BOOK'SToRE, n. A shop where books are kept for sale. 
[ United States.] The English say a bookseller's shop. 

BOOKW6RM, n. 1. A worm or mite that eats holes in 
books. 2. A student closely attached to books, or addict- 
ed to study. 

BOO'LEY, n. In Ireland, one who has no settled habitation, 

BOOM, n. [D. boom.] 1. A long pole, or spar, run out from 
various parts of a ship, or other vessel, for the purpose of 
extending the bottom of particular sails. 2. A strong iron 
chain, cable, or line of spars bound together, and extended 
across a river, or the mouth of a harbor. 3. A pole set up 
as a mark to direct seamen. 4. A hollow roar, as of waves, 
&c. 

BOOM, v. i. [Sax. byma, by?ne.] 1. In marine language, to 
rush with violence, as a ship under a press of sail. 2. To 
swell ; to roll and roar, as waves. 3. To cry as the bittern. 

BOOM'E-RANG, n. A wooden weapon used by the natives 
of Australia. See Kylee. 

BOOM'ING, ppr. or a. Rushing with violence ; roaring like 
waves. 

BOOM'KIN. See Bumkin. 

BOON, n. [L. bonus ; Fr. bon ; Norm, boon.] 1. A gift ; a 
grant ; a benefaction ; a present ; a favor granted. — Addi 
son. 2. [Dan. bijn.] A prayer, or petition. 

BOON, a. [Fr. bon ; L. bonus.] Gay; merry; kind; boun 
tiful; as, a boon companion. — Milton. 

BOON, n. The refuse or useless vegetable matter from 
dressed flax. — Library of Ent. Knowledge. 

Bo'OPS, n. A genus of fishes found chiefly in the Mediter 
ranean. 

BOOR, n. [Sax. gebur ; D. boer.] 1. A countryman; a peas 
ant ; a rustic ; a plowman ; a clown. 2. A name given t« 
the Russian peasantry. 



Synopsis. A, E, T, &c, long.— a, e, J, &c, short-— TAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



I 



BOR 



117 



BOR 



BOORISH, a. Clownish ; rustic; awkward in manners; 

illiterate. — Shah. 
BOOR/ISH-LY, adv. In a clownish manner. 
BOORTSH-NESS, n. Clownishness ; rusticity; coarseness 

of manners, 
t BOOSE, n. [Sax. bosig, bosg.\ A stall or inclosure for an 

ox. cow, or other cattle. 
BOOSE, > (booz), v.i. [W. bozi.] To drink hard; to guzzle. 
BOOZE, 5 —Maunder. [Vulgar.) 

BOOzIr, \ n - A S^ zzler of ^ uor - a tippler. 

BOO'SY (boo'zy), a. A little intoxicated ; merry with liquor. 
— Holloway. [ Vulgar.] 

BOOST, v. t. To lift or raise by pushing; to push up. [A 
common, vulgar word in Neic England.] 

BOOT, v. t. [Sax. bot, bote.] 1. To profit; to advantage. — 
Hooker. 2. To enrich ; to benefit — Shak., [obs.] 

BOOT, n. 1. Profit ; gain ; advantage ; that which is given to 
make the exchange equal. — 2. To boot, in addition to ; over 
and above. 3. Spoil; plunder. — Shak. See Booty. 

BOOT, n. [Fr. botte.] 1. A covering for the leg, made of 
leather, and united with a shoe. 2. A kind of rack for the 
leg, formerly used to torture criminals. 3. A box covered 
with leather La the fore part of a coach. Also, an apron 
or leathern cover for a gig or chair, to defend persons 
from rain and mud. This~latter application is local and im- 
proper. 4. In the plural, boots, a servant at hotels who 
blacks the boots. 

BOOT, v. t. To put on boots. 

r BOOT-CATCHER, n. The person at an inn whose busi- 
ness is to pull off" boots. — Swift. 

BOOTCRIMP, ft. A frame used by bootmakers for draw- 
ing in and shaping the body of a boot. 

BOOT-HoSE, «. Stocking-hose or spatterdashes, in lieu of 
boots. 

BOOTJACK, n. A machine for drawing off boots. 

BOOT-TOP-PING, ft. The operation of cleansing a ship's 
bottom, near the surface of the water, and rubbing on 
grease. 

BOOT-TREE, \ n. An instrument to stretch and widen 

BOOT-L AST, I the leg of a boot. 

BOOTED, pp. or a. Having boots on. — Dryden. 

BOOT-EE', n. A word sometimes used for a half or short 
boot _ 

BO-o'TES, n. A northern constellation. 

BOOTH n. [W. bwth ; It. boith, or both.] A house or shed 
built of slight materials, for a temporary residence. 

BOOTLEG,~rc. Leather cut out for the leg of a boot 

BOOTLESS, a. Unavailing ; unprofitable ; useless ; with- 
out advantage or success. — Shak. 

BOOTLESS-LY, adv. Without use or profit. 

BOOTLE3S-NES3, n. The state of being useless, or with- 
out avail. 

BOOTY, ft. [Sw. byte ; Dan. bytte.) 1. Spoil taken from an 
enemy in war. 2. That which is seized by violence and 
robbery. — To play booty, is to play dishonestly, with an in- 
tent to lose. — Syx. Plunder ; pillage ; spoil ; prey. 

BO-PEEP', n. The act of looking out from behind some- 
thing, and drawing back, as children in play, for the pur- 
pose of frightening each other. 

BoR'A-BLE.V That may be bored [Little used.] 

BO-RACH10, n. [Sp. borracho.] 1. A bottle or cask; [not 
used.) 2. A drunkard 

BO-RACTG ACTD, n. A compound of boron (a peculiar 
base obtained from borax) and oxygen. 

BoltA-ClTE, ft, Native borate of magnesia, 

BORAGE (burraje), ft. A plant of the genus borago. 

BORA-MEZ. See Barometz. 

Bo'RaTE, n. A salt formed by the combination of boracic 
acid with any base. 

BfVRAX, to. [Russ. bura.] A compound of boracic acid and 
soda. It is found native in some lakes of Thibet and Per- 
sia, and is used by workers in metal as a flux, and also in 
pharmacy. 

BOR'BO-RyGM (-rim), ft. [Gr. fiop6opvyi.ios.] A rumbling 
noise of wind in the bowels. 

B5RDAGE. See Bordlands. 

BORD'EL, ) n. [Fr. bordel ; It bordello.) A brothel ; a 

BOR-DEL'LO, 5 bawdy-house ; a house devoted to prosti- 
tution. 

BORD'EL-LER, a The keeper of a brothel.— Gower. 

BORDER, n. [Fr. bord.) The outer edge of any thing ; the 
extreme part or surrounding line ; the confine or exterior 
limit of a country ; the edge of a garment ; a bank raised 
at the side of a garden. — Sy>-. Edge ; verge ; brink ; mar- 
gin ; brim ; rim"; boundary. 

BORD'ER, v. i. 1. To touch at the edge, side, or end; to 
be contiguous or adjacent; with on or upon. 2. To ap- 
proach near to. 

BORD'ER, v. t. 1. To make a border; to adorn with a 
border of ornaments. 2. To reach to ; to touch at the 
edge or end ; to confine upon : to be contiguous to. 3. To 
confine within bounds ; to limit : [not used.] 



BORD'ER.ED, pp. Adorned or furnished with a border. 
BORD'ER-ER n. One who dwells on a border, or at th« 

extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of 

land ; one who dwells near to a place. 
BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Lying adjacent to ; forming a border. 
BoRD-HALF'PEN-NY (bofd-hap'pen-y), n. Money paid for 

jetting up boards or a stall in market. — Burns. 
BoRD'-LAND, n. In old law, the demain land which a lord 

kept in his hands for the maintenance of his bord, board 

or table. 

n. The service required of a tenant to 
carry timber from the woods to the 



A tenant of bord-land who supplied his 
An incursion upon the borders of a 
The tenure by which bord-land was 



B0RD-L0DE, 

BoARD'-LoAD, 
lord's house. 

BoRD'-MAN, ft. 

lord with provisions. 

f BORD'-RXG-ING, ft. 
c ountry . — Spenser. 

BoRD'-SERV-ICE, ft. 
held 

B0RDT7RE, n. In heraldry, a tract or compass of metal 
within the escutcheon, and around it 

BoRE, v. t. [Sax. borian.] 1. To perforate or penetrate a 
solid body, and make a round hole. 2. To eat out or make 
a hollow, by gnawing or corroding, as a worm. 3. To 
penetrate, or break through by turning or labor. 4. To 
weary by tedious iteration. 

BoRE, v. i. 1. To be pierced or penetrated by an instru 
ment that turns. 2. To pierce or enter by boring. 3. To 
push forward toward a certain point ; as, to bore through 
a crowd. — Gay. 4. With horsemen, a horse bores when he 
carries his nose to the ground. — 5. In a transitive or in- 
transitive sense, to pierce the earth with scooping irons, 
which, when drawn out, bring with them samples of the 
different strata through which they pass. This is a meth- 
od of discovering veins of ore and coal, without opening a 
mine. 

BoRE, ft. 1. The hole made by boring ; the cavity or hollow 
of a gun, or other fire-arm : the caliber. 2. Any instru- 
mentfor making holes, by boring or turning, as an auger, 
gimblet, or wimble. 3. A person or thing that wearies" by 
iteration. 

BoRE, ft. A rush of the tide in certain narrow estuaries, 
conflicting with the water from above. — Burke. 

BoRE, pret. of bear. 

BoRE'CoLE, ft. A kind of cabbage whose leaves are not 
formed into a compact head, but are loose, and generally 
curled or wrinkled 

BoTtE-AL, a. [L. borealis.) Northern ; pertaining to the 
north or the north wind — Tope. 

BcTtE-AS, ft, [L.] The northern wind; a cold, northerly 
wind. 

BoR-ET, pp. Perforated by an auger or other turning in- 
strument f made hollow; wearied by iteration. 
, BO-REE', ft. [Fr.] A certain dance. 

I BoR'ER, ft. 1. One who bores ; also, an instrument to make 
holes with by turning. 2. A genus of worms, or grubs, 
that pierce wood. 
I BoR'ING, ft. 1. The act of perforating a hole. 2. A hole 
made by perforating a body. 3. The chips produced in 
perforation are called borings. 

BoRTNG, ppr. Piercing or penetrating with an auger or 
other instrument that turns ; wearying by iteration. 

BORN, pp. of bear. Brought forth, as an animal. — To be 
born, is to be produced or brought into life. 

B5RNE, pp. of bear. Carried; conveyed; supported; do 
fraved. 

BORNiTE, ft. A tellurite of bismuth. 

B0T1.ON. ft. The elementary base of boracic acid 

BAR'OUGH (burro), n. [Goth, bairgs ; Sax. burg, burh 
Fr. bourg.) Originally, a fortified city or town. At pres- 
ent, the name is given, appropriately, to such towns and 
villages as send representatives or burgesses to parlia 
ment. 

BOR'OUGH (bur'ro). ft. [Sax. borhoe.) In Saxon times, a 
main pledge, or association of men, who were sureties or 
free pledges to the king for tne good behavior of each 
other. — In Connecticut, this word, borough, is used for a 
town, or a part of a town, or a village, incorporated with 
certain privileges. — In Scotland, a borough is a body cor- 
porate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district 

BoR'O UGH EN"GLISH. A customary descent of lands and 
tenements to the youngest son, instead of the eldest. 

BoR'OUGH-HEAD. The same as head-borough, the chief 
of a borough. 

B6R'oUGH-HoLD-ER. re. Ahead-borough: a borsholder 

B6R' oUGH-MaS-TER, ft. The mayor, governor, or bailiff 
of a borough. — Ash. 

B0R'5UGH-M6N'GER, n. One who buys or sells the pat- 
ronage of a borough. — Booth. 

f BOR'REL, a. Rustic ; rude. — Spenser. 

BOR'RoW, r. t. [Sax. borgian.] 1. To take from another 
by request and consent, with a view to use the thing 
taken for a time, and return it. 2. To take from another. 



D6 vE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER. Yl'CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH . TR a? in this, (t Obsolete. 



BOT 



118 



BOT 



for one's own use ; to copy or select from the writings of 
another author. 3. To take or adopt for one's own use, 
sentiments, principles, doctrines, and the like. 4. To take 
for use something that belongs to another; to assume, 
copy, or imitate. 

(■ BOR'RoW, n. A borrowing ; the act of borrowing. 

BOR'RdW.ED, pp. or a. Taken by consent of another, to 
be returned, or its equivalent in kind ; copied ; assumed. 

BQR'RoW-ER, n. 1. One who borrows. 2. One who takes 
what belongs to another to use as one's own. 

BOR'RoW-ING, ppr. Taking by consent to use and return, 
or to return its equivalent ; taking what belongs to another 
to use as one's own ; copying ; assuming ; imitating. 

BOR'RoW-ING, n. The act of borrowing. 

BORS'HoLD-ER, n. [a contraction of burh's ealdor.] The 
head or chief of a tithing or burg' of ten men ; the head- 
borough. 

Bo'RU-RET, n. A combination of boron with a simple body. 

BOS, n. [L.j In zoology, the technical name of a genus of 
quadrupeds, including the ox and allied animals. 

Bo'SA, n. An intoxicating drink among the Egyptians, ob- 
tained from the meal of darnel and hemp-seed. 

BOSCAGE, n. [Fr. boscage, now bocage.] 1. Wood ; under- 
wood; a thicket. — 2. In old laws, food or sustenance for 
cattle, which is yielded by bushes and trees. — 3. With 
painters, a landscape representing thickets of wood. 

BOS'CHAS, n. The common wild duck. 

BOSH, n. Outline ; figure.— Todd. 

BOSH'BOK, n. A species of antelope in South Africa. — P. 
Gyc. 

RnmcFT i 

ROS'QTTET \ n ' f It- ooscJlett0 -] In gardening, a grove ; a 

BUSK'ET ' S com P artme:at formed by branches of trees. 

BOSK/Y, a. Woody ; covered with thickets. 

Bo'SOM, n. [Sax. bosm, bosum.] 1. The breast of a human 
being, and the parts adjacent. 2. The folds or covering 
of clothes about the breast. 3. Embrace, as with the 
arms ; inclosure ; compass. 4. The breast, as inclosing 
the heart ; or the interior of the breast, considered as the 
feat of the passions. 5. The breast, or its interior, con- 
sidered as a close place, the receptacle of secrets. 6. Any 
inclosed place ; the interior. 7. The tender affections ; 
kindness ; favor. 8. The arms, or embrace of the arms. 
9. Inclination ; desire ; [not used.] — Bosom, in composition, 
implies intimacy, affection, and confidence ; as, a bosom- 
friend. 

BO'SOM, v. t. 1. To inclose in the bosom ; to keep with 
care. 2. To conceal ; to hide from view. 

B0'SOM2?D, pp. Inclosed in the breast ; concealed. 

Bo'SOM-ING, ppr. 1. Putting into the bosom. 2. Embrac- 
ing, as a fond mother her child. 

Bo'SON, n. A boatswain; a popular but corrupt pronun- 
ciation. 

BOS-Po'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to a bosporus, a strait, or nar- 
row sea between two seas, or a lake and a sea. 

BOS'PO-RUS, n. [Gr. fiovS and iropos.] A narrow sea, or a 
strait ; so called, it is supposed, as being an ox-passage, a 
strait over which an ox may swim. The term has been 
particularly applied to the strait between the Sea of Mar- 
mora and the Black Sea. 

BOSS, n. [Fr. bosse.] 1. A stud or knob; a protuberant 
ornament, of silver, ivory, or other material, used on bri- 
dles, harness, &c. 2. A protuberant part ; a prominence. 
3. A projecting ornament, at the intersection of the ribs of 
ceilings, and in other situations. 4. A water-conduit, in 
form of a tun-bellied figure. 

BOSS, n. [Dutch baas, master.] Among mechanics, the 
master workman, or superintendent. [U. S.) This word 
originated among the Dutch settlers of New York, but is 
now extensively used in the other States. 

BOSS'AGE, n. [Fr.] 1. A stone in a building which is left 
projecting and rough, to be afterward finished in sculpture. 
2. Rustic work, consisting of stones which advance be- 
yond the nave or level of the building. 

BOSS.ED (bost), pp. Studded ; ornamented with bosses. 

BOSS'IVE, a. Crooked ; deformed.— Osborne. 

BOSS'Y, a. Containing a boss ; ornamented with bosses. 

BOS'TRY-CHlTE, n. [Gr. (looTpvxoS.] A gem in the form 
of a lock of hair. — Ash. 

BOS'VEL, n. A plant, a species of crow's-foot. 

BOS'WELL-ISM, n. A peculiarity of Boswell. 

BOT. See Bots. 

BOT-FLy, n. A kind of insect which lays eggs on horses, 
from which bots are produced. 
BO-TAN'IC, n. One who is skilled in botany. 

BO-TAN'I€, ) a. Pertaining to botany ; relating to plants 

BO-TAN'I€-AL, 5 in general ; also, containing plants. — 
Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the culture of plants 
collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of 
botany. 

BO-TAN1G-AL-L Y, adv. According to the system of botany. 

BOTA-NIST, n. One skilled in botany ; one versed in the 
knowledge of plants or vegetables. 



BOTA-NiZE, v. i. To seek for plants for the purpose of 
botanical investigation. 

BOTAN-iZ-ING, n. The seeking of plants for botanies 
purposes. 

BOT-A-NOL'O-dY, n. [Gr. (ioravri and \oyos.] Botany. 

BOT'A-NO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. fioTavn and uavrsia.) An aa 
cient species of divination by means of plants. 

BOTA-NY, n. [Gr. fara vr,.] That branch of natural history 
which treats of the structure of plants, and their classifi- 
cation. 

BO-TaR'GO, n. [Sp.] A sausage or relish made on the 
shores of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, of the 
roes of the mullet. — M'Culloch. 

BOTCH, n. [It. bozxa.] 1. A swelling on the 6kin ; a large 
ulcerous affection. 2. A patch, or the part of a garment 
patched or mended in a clumsy manner ; ill-finished work 
in mending. 3. That which resembles a botch ; a part 
added clumsily or unsuitably. 

BOTCH, v. t. 1. To mend or patch in a clumsy manner, aa 
a garment. — Hudibras. 2. To put together unsuitably, oi 
unskilfully ; to make use of unsuitable pieces. 3. To mark 
with botches. 

BOTCHED (botcht), pp. Patched clumsily ; mended ud 
skillfully ; marked with botches. 

BOTCH'ER, n. A clumsy workman at mending ; a mende 
of old clothes, whether a tailor or cobbler. 

t BOTCH'ER-LY, a. Clumsy ; patched. 

BOTCH'ER- Y, n. A botching, or that which is done b? 
botching. 

BOTCHING, ppr. Patching, or mending clumsily. 

BOTCHY, a. Marked with botches ; full of botches. 

B5TE, n. [The old orthography of boot, but retained in law 
in composition. See Boot.] 1. In law, compensation 
amends.; satisfaction ; as, man-bote, a compensation for t 
man slain. 2. A privilege or allowance of necessaries 
used in composition as equivalent to the French estoveri 
supplies, necessaries ; as, house-bote, a sufficiency of woo« 
_to repair a house, or for fuel. 

BoTE'LESS, a. In vain. See Bootless. 

BoTH, a. [Sax. butu, butwu, or batwa.] Two, considered a>B 
distinct from others, or by themselves ; the one and tlit* 
other. This word is often placed before the nouns witb 
which it is connected ; as, He understands how to manage 
both public and private concerns. — Guth. Qjdntilian, p. 4. 
It is often used as a substitute for nouns ; as, And Abra- 
ham took sheep and oxen, and gave them to Abimelech 
and both of them made a covenant. — Gen., xxi. Both often 
represents two members of a sentence ; as, He will nol 
bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of hit 
estate ; but he will bear both, because he is prepared foi 
both. — Bolingbroke on Exile. Both often pertains to adjec 
tives or attributes, and, in this case, generally precedes 
them in construction ; as, He endeavored to render com- 
merce both disadvantageous and infamous. — Mickle's Lu- 
siad. 



A corruption of 



BOTHER, v. t. To tease or perplex. 
pother. 

BOTH'NIC, I a. Pertaining to Bothnia, a territory on th<; 

BOTH'NI-AN, 5 Baltic, and also to a gulf of the name. 

BOTH-RO-DENT)RON, n. An extinct genus of fossil plants 
found in coal formations. — Humble. 

BO-To'ToE, n. A bird of the parrot kind. 

BOTRY-OID, \ a. [Gr. fiorovs and eiSos.] Having the 

BOT-RY-OIDAL, j form of a bunch of grapes ; like a 
cluster of grapes. 

BOT'RY-O-LlTE, n. [Gr. (iorpvs and \idoS-) Literally, grape- 
stone, a variety of Datholite occurring in botryoidal forms. 
It consists of 6ilica, boracic acid, and lime, with ten pei 
cent, of water. 

BOTS, n. pi. A species of small worms found in the intes- 
tines of horses They are produced from eggs deposited 
by a gad-fly on the legs, <fec, where the horse is apt to lick, 
and thus get into the stomach. 

BOTTLE, n. [Fr. bouteille.] 1. A hollow vessel of glass, 
wood, leather, or other material, with a narrow mouth, 
for holding and carrying liquors. 2. The contents of a 
bottle ; as much as a bottle contains. 3. A quantity of hay 
in a bundle ; a bundle of hay. 

BOT'TLE, v. t. To put into bottles. 

BOT'TLE-ILE, n. Bottled ale.—- Shak. 

BOT'TLE-COM-P ANION, \n. A friend or companion lfi 

BOTTLE-FRIEND, I drinking. 

BOT'TLE-FLOW-ER, n. A plant, the cyanus. 

BOT'TLE-GLaSS, n. A coarse green glass used for mak 
ing bottles. 

BOTTLE-GoURD, n. 

BOT'TLE-NoS-ED, a. 

BOTTLE-SCREW, n 

BOTTL.ED, pp. or a. 

ties. 2. Having a protuberant belly.— 

BOTTLING, ppr. Putting into bottles. 

BOTTLING, n. The act of putting into bottles. 

BOTTOM, n. [Sax. botm.] 1. The lowest part of any thing 



The common gourd. 
Having a bottle-shaped nose.. 
A screw to draw corks out of bottles 
1. Put into bottles ; inclosed in bot 
-Shak. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



BOU 



119 



BOV 



2. The ground under any body of water. 3. The founda- 
tion or ground-work of any thing, as of an edifice ; the 
base. 4. A low ground ; a dale ; a valley ; applied, in the 
U. States, to the fiat lands adjoining rivers, <£c It is so 
used in some parts of England. — Mitford. 5. The deepest 
part ; that which is most remote from the view. 6. Bound ; 
limit. 7. The utmost extent or depth of cavity, or of in- 
tellect, whether deep or shallow. 8. The foundation, con- 
sidered as the cause, spring, or origin; the first moving 
cause. 9. A ship or vessel. 10. A ball of thread. 
[W. botwm.] 11. The bottom of a lane or alley, is the low- 
est end. 12. The bottom of beer, or other liquor, is the 
grounds or dregs. — 13. In the language of jockeys, stamina, 
native strength. 

BOTTOM, v. t. 1. To found, or build upon : to fix upon as 
a support 2. To furnish with a seat, or bottom. 3. To 
wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. 

BOTTOM, v. i. To rest upon, as its ultimate support 

BOTTOM-LANDS, n. pi. See Bottom, No. 4. 

BOTTOMED, pp. Furnished with a bottom ; having a bot- 
tom. Often used in composition ; as, a fiat-bottomed boat. 

BOTTOM-ING, ppr. Founding ; building upon ; furnishing 
with a bottom. 

BOTTOM-LESS, a. Without a bottom ; fathomless. 

BOTTOM-RY, n. The act of borrowing money, and pledg- 
ing the keel or bottom of the ship, that is, the ship itself, 
as security. It is, in effect a mortgage of the ship. 

BOTTON-Y, n. In heraldry, a cross bottony terminates at 
each end in three buds, knots, or buttons. 

BoUcHE. See Bouge. 

BoU-cHET, n. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 

BOUD, n. An insect that breeds in malt or other grain ; 
called, also, a weevil. — Diet. 

BdU'DOIR (bood'wor), n. A small private apartment. 

B6UGE (booj), v. i. [Fr. bouge.] To swell out. [Little used.] 

f BOUGE, n. Provisions. — Jonson. 

BOUGH (bou), *. [Sax. bog, boh, or bogh.] The branch of 

BOUGHT (bawt), fret, and pp. of buy. See Buy. 

BOUGHT (bawt), n. [D. bogt. See Bight.] 1. A twist ; a 
link ; a knot ; a flexure, or bend. — Milton. 2. The part 
of a sling that contains the stone. 

BOUGHTY (baWte), a. Bending.— Sherwood. 

BdU-GlE' (boo-zhe'), n. [Fr.] 1. A wax taper. 2. In sur- 
gery, a long, slender instrument, that is introduced through 
the urethil into the bladder, to remove obstructions. 

BoUIL'LOJS (bool'yon), n. [Ft.] Broth; soup. 

BOUK, v. i. To nauseate so as to be ready to vomit. — 
[Local.] 

BoU-LAN'GER-lTE, n. [from M. Boulanger.] An ore, the 
sulphuret of antimony and lead. 

BoULDER. See B<m t.der. 

BoUL'DER-WALL, n, [rather bowlder-wall. See Bowl- 
dek.] A wail built o ? round flints or pebbles laid in a 
strong mortar. 

B6U-LET', n. [Fr. boule.\ In the manege, a horse is so 
called when the fetlock or pastern joint bends forward, 
and out of its natural position. 

BoU'LE-VMRD (bool'e-var), n. [Fr.] Originally, the ram- 
part of a fortified city ; now, a public walk or street oc- 
cupying the site of demolished fortifications. 

BOU'LI-MY. See Bulimy. 

BoULT, an incorrect orthography. See Bolt. 

BoUL'TIN, n. [Sp. bulto.] In architecture, a molding, the 
convexity of which is one fourth of a circle. 

BOUNCE, v. i. [D. bonzen.] 1. To leap or spring ; to fly or 
rush out suddenly. 2. To spring or leap against any thing, 
so as to rebound ; to beat or thump by a spring. 3. To 
beat hard, or thump, so as to make a sudden noise. 4. To 
boast or bully ; used in familiar speech. 5. To be bold or 
strong. 

BOUNCE, n. 1. A heavy blow, thrust, or thump with a 
large, solid body. 2. A loud, heavy sound, as by an ex- 
plosion. 3. A boast; a threat; in low language. 4. A 
bold he ; as, " that was a bounce." — Goldsmith. 5. A fish, 
a species of dog-fish, or shark. 

BOUN'CER, n. A boaster ; a bully ; a bold he. 

BOUN'CING, ppr. Leaping ; bounding with violence, as a 
heavy body ; springing out ; thumping with a loud noise ; 
boasting ; moving with force, as a heavy, bounding body. 

BOUN'CING, a. Stout ; strong ; large and heavy ; a vulgar 
sense in the United States; as. a bouncing lass. — Ash. 

BOUN'CING-LY, adv. Boastingly. 

BOUND, n. [Norm, bonne, boune.] 1. A limit; the line 
which comprehends the whole of any given object or 
space. 2. A limit by which any excursion is restrained ; 
the limit of indulgence or desire. 3. [Fr. bondir.] A leap ; 
a spring ; a jump ; a rebound. — 4. In dancing, a spring 
from one foot to the other. 

BOUND, v. t. 1. To set limits to a thing ; to fix the furthest 
line of extension, whether physical or moral ; as, to bound 
our desires. 2. To mention the boundaries of a country ; 
as, to bound France. 3. To cause to bound. — Shakspeare. 



— Syn. To limit ; restrain ; circumscribe ; confine , re 
strict ; hem in ; border. 

BOUND, v. i. [Fr. bondir.] To leap ; to jump ; to spring ; 
to move forward by leaps ; to rebound. 

BOUND, pret. and pp. of bind. 1. As a participle, made fust 
by a band, or by chains or fetters ; obliged by moral ties , 
confined ; restrained. 2. As a participle, or, perhaps, more 
properly, an adjective, destined ; tending ; going, or intend- 
ing to go. — Bound is used in composition, as in ice-bound, 
wind-bound, when a ship is confined or prevented from 
sailing -by ice or by contrary winds. 

BOUND'A-RY, n. A visible mark designating a limit — Syn. 
Limit ; bound ; border ; term ; termination ; barrier ; 
verge ; confines ; precinct. 

BOUND-BaIL'IFF, n. An officer appointed by a sheriff u 
execute process. — Blackstone. 

BOUND'ED, pp. Limited ; confined ; restrained. 

BOUND'-EN, [from bind.] It was once a participle, but is 
now used only as an adjective ; as, it is our bounden duty." 

t BOUND'.EN-LY, adv. In a dutiful manner. 

BOUNDER, n. One who limits ; a boundary. 

BOUNDTNG, ppr. Limiting ; confining ; restraining ; leap 
ing ; springing ; rebounding ; advancing with leaps. 

BOUND'ING-SToNE, ) . . . , ... , _,. x 

BOUND'-SToNE \ stone to play with. — Drydcn 

BOUND'LESS, a. Without bound or limit— Syn. Unlimit- 
ed ; unconfined ; immeasurable ; illimitable ; infinite. 

BOUND'LESS-LY, adv. Without bound or limit. 

BOUND'LESS-NESS, v. The quality of being without limits. 

BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Liberal in charity; disposed to give 
freely ; free in bestowing gifts. — Syn. Liberal ; bountiful ; 
munificent ; generous ; beneficent ; kind. 

BOUN'TE-OUS-LY, adv. Liberally ; generously ; largely 

BOUN'TE-OUS-NESS, n. Liberality in bestowing gifts or 
favors ; munificence ; kindness. 

BOUN'TI-FUL, a. Free to give ; liberal in bestowing gilts 
and favors ; munificent : generous. See Bounteous. 

BOUN'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Liberally ; largely ; in a bountiful 
manner. 

BOUN'TI-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being bountiful ; 
liberality in the bestowment of gifts and favors. 

tBOUNTI-HEDE, ) 

t BOUNTI-HEAD, \n. Goodness. 

t BOUNTI-HOOD, > 

BOUNTY, n. [Fr. bonte.] 1. Liberality in bestowing gilts 
and favors. 2. A premium offered or given to induce 
men to enlist into the public service, or to encourage any 
branch of industry. — Queen Anne's bounty, a provision 
made in her reign for augmenting poor church livings. — 
Syn. Munificence ; generosity ; beneficence ; liberality ; 
kindness. 

BoU-QUET (boo-ka'), n. [Fr.] 1. A nosegay ; a bunch of 
flowers. 2. An aromatic odor from the best wines when 
uncorked. 

t BoURD, n. A jest — Spenser. 

t BoURD'ER, n. A jester. 

BOURDON, n. A pilgrim's staff. 

BOUR-GEOIS' (bur-jois / ), n. [Fr.] A small kind of printing 
types, in size between long primer and brevier. 

BOURGEON (burijun), v. i. [Fr. bourgeon.] To sprout ; to 
put forth buds ; to shoot forth as a branch. 

* BoURN (borne), n. [Fr. borne.] 1. A bound; a limit 2. 
A brook ■ a torrent ; a rivulet ; [obs.] Used in Scotland 
with the spelling burn. 

BoURN'LESS, a. Without limits. 

BoUR'NON-lTE, n. An ore consisting of lead, antimony, 
copper, and sulphur. It occurs in steel-gray crystals, 
often aggregated into shapes like small cog-wheels. 

BOURSE, n. The French name of an exchange. 

BOUSE, / (booz), v. i. [Arm. beuzi.] To drink freely ; tc 

BOOSE, 5 tope ; to guzzle. — Spenser. [A vulgar word.] 

BOU-STRO-PHEDON, n. [Gr.] An ancient mode of writ- 
ing, in which the lines go from right to left, and then from 
left to right, like oxen in ploughing. 

B5USY (boo'zy), a. Drunken ; intoxicated. — Dryden. [ Vul- 
gar.] 

BOUT, n. [Fr. bout.] A turn ; as much of an action as is 
performed at one time ; a single part of an action carried 
on at successive intervals ; essay ; attempt. 

BOUT, n. [It. beuita, or bevuta.] We use this word tauto- 
logically in the phrase, a drinking-bout. 

BOU-TJ'DE', n. [Fr.] Properly, a start; hence, a whim • 
Swift. [Not English.] 

BoU-TANT.'_ See Arc-boutant. 

BdUTE'FEU, n. [Fr.] An incendiary; a make-bate. — Ba- 
con. [Not English.] 

f BoUTI-SXLE, n. A cheap sale ; or, according to others, 

- a sale by a lighted match, during tie burning of which a 
man may bid. 

BoUTS'-RI-MES (boo-re-ma), n. pi. [Fr.] Wcrds which 
rhyme, given out to be formed into verses. 

Bo'VaTE,~7z. [in law L. bovato.] An ox-gate, or as much 
land as a yoke of oxen can plow in a year. 



~D( " R ;— BULL. UNITE ; -AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



BOW 



120 



BOY 



Bo'VJEY-CoAL, n. Brown lignite, an inflammable fossil. 
BOVID, a. [L. bos.] Relating to that tribe of ruminant 

mammals, of which the genus bos is the type. 
Bo'VTNE, a. [low L. bovinus.] Pertaining to oxen and 

cows, or the quadrupeds of the genus bos. 
BOW, v. t. [Sax. bugan, bygan.\ 1. To bend ; to inflect. 

2. To bend, the body in token of respect or civility. 3. 
To bend or incline toward, in condescension. 4. To de- 
press ; to crush ; to subdue ; as, to bow the nations ; to 
bow one's will. 

BOW, v. i. 1. To bend ; to curve ; to be inflected ; to bend, 
in token of reverence, respect, or civility ; often with 
down. 2. To stoop ; to fall upon the knees. 3. To sink 
under pressure. 

BOW, n. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the 
body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submis- 
sion. — The bow of a ship, is the forward part, commencing 
where the planks begin to bend inward till they meet. 

BOW'-GRaCE, n. In sea language, a frame or composition 
of junk, laid out at the sides or bows of ships, to secure 
them from injury by ice. 

BOW'-PIeCE, n. A piece of ordnance carried at the bow 
of a ship. 

B5W, n. 1. An instrument of war and hunting, made of 
wood, or other elastic matter, with a string fastened to 
each end, to throw arrows. 2. Any thing bent, or in form 
of a curve ; the rainbow ; the doubling of a string in a 
knot ; the part of a yoke which embraces the neck, &c. 

3. A small machine, formed with a stick and hairs, which, 
being drawn over the strings of an instrument of music, 
causes it to sound. 4. A beam of wood or brass, with 
three long screws, that direct a lathe of wood or steel to 
any arch. 5. An instrument for taking the sun's altitude 
at sea. 6. An instrument in use among smiths for turn- 
ing a drill ; with turners, for turning wood ; with hatters, 
for breaking fur and wool. 7. Bows of a saddle are the 
two pieces of wood laid archwise to receive the upper 
part of a horse's back, to give the saddle its due form, 
and to keep it tight. — 8. In architecture, a circular end of 
a church, apartment, or building. — Elmes. 

BoW'-BEaR-ER, n. An under officer of the forest, whose 
duty is to inform of trespasses. 

BoW'-BENT, a. Crooked.— Milton. 

BoW-€6M'PAS-SES, n. Compasses, one leg of which 
slides on a bow, or curved plate of metal, which is riveted 
into the other leg. Hence there is a greater accuracy in 
_their use. 

BoW'-DRILL, n. A drill worked by a bow and spring. 

BoW'-DYE. n. A kind of scarlet color. 

BoW'-HAND, n. The hand that draws a bow. 

BoW'-LEG, n. A leg crooked as a bow. — Bp. Taylor. 

BoW'-LEGGM), a. Having crooked legs. 

BoW-NET, n. An engine for catching lobsters and craw- 
fish, called, also, bow-wheel. 

B6W-PEN, n. A metallic ruling-pen, having the part 
jpvhich holds the ink bowed out toward the middle. 

BoW'-SHOT, ii. The space which an arrow may pass 
when sbot from a bow. 

BoW'SPRIT, n. A large boom or spar, which projects over 
the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward. 

BoW-STRING, n. The string of a bow. The Turks use 
the bow-string as an instrument of execution by stran- 
gling. Hence, the verb to bow-string is sometimes used. 

B5W-STRING.ED, a. Furnished with bow-strings. 

BoW-WIN-DoW, n. See Bay-window. 

BoWMAN, n. A man who uses a bow ; an archer. 

BOWMAN, n. The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat. 

t BOW'A-BLE, a. Of a flexible disposition. 

BOWED, pp. Bent: crushed; subdued. 

BoWEB, pp. or a. Bent ; like a bow. 

BOWEL, v. t. To take out the bowels ; to eviscerate ; to 
penetrate the bowels. — Ash. 

BOWEL-LESS. a. Without tenderness or pity. 

BOWELS, n. pi. [G. bauch ; Fr. boyau.] 1. The intestines 
of an animal ; the entrails, especially of man. The heart. 
2. The interior part of any thing ; as, the bowels of the 
earth. 3. The seat of pity or kindness ; hence, tender- 
ness, compassion ; [a Scriptural sense.] — Bowel, in the sin- 
gular, is sometimes used for gut. 

BOWER, n. An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. 

BOWER, n. [Sax. bur.] 1. A shelter or covered place in a 
garden, made with boughs of trees bent and twined to- 
gether. 2. A bed-chamber ; any room in a house except 
the hall. — Spenser; [obs.] 3. A country seat ; a cottage. — 
Shenstone. 4. A shady recess ; a plantation for shade. 

BOWER, v. t. To embower ; to inclose. — Shak. 

BOWER, v. i. To lodge.— Spenser. 

BOWRS ' \ n ' Musclcs that bend the joints. — Spenser. 
BOWER-Y, a. Covering ; shading as a bower ; also, con- 
taining bowers. — Thomson. 
BOWESS, 



BOWET, 



A young hawk. — Ash. 



BOWoE, v. i. To swell out. See Bouge. 

BOWgE, v. t. To perforate. — Ainsworth. 

Bo WTE-KNlFE (bo'e-nife), n. A long knife, or dagger, used 
by hunters and others in the Western States. 

BOWING, ppr. Bending; stooping; making a bow. 

BOWING-LY, adv. In a bending manner. 

BoWL (bole), n. [Sax. bolla.] 1. A concave vessel to hold 
liquors, rather wide than deep. 2. The hollow part of 
any thing ; as, the bowl of a spoon. 3. A basin ; a fountain. 

* BoWL, n. [D. bol ; Fr. boule.] A ball of wood, used fcr 
play on a level plat of ground. 

* B5WL, v. i. 1. To play with bowls, or at bowling. 2. To 
roll the ball at cricket. 3. Hence, to move smoothly and 
rapidly like a ball ; as, the carriage bowled along. 

* BoWL, v. t. To roll as a bowl ; also, to pelt with any 
thing rolled. Shak. — To bowl out at cricket, is to break 
down one's wicket by bowling. 

BoWL'DER, n. 1. A moderately-sized stone, of a rounded 
form. — 2. In geology, a rounded mass of rock lying on the 
surface, and apparently borne by water or ice from its 
original position. 

BoWL'DER-SToNE. See Bowlder. 

BoWL'DER- WALL, n. A wall constructed of pebbles or 
bowlders. 

* BoWL'ER, n. One who plays at bowls, or who rolls in 
cricket. 

BoW'LESS, a. Destitute of a bow. 

BoWLlNE, n. [Sp. and Port, bolina.] A rope fastened 
near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the 
square sails, to keep them out to windward. 

* BoWL'ING, ppr. Playing at bowls ; rolling the ball at 
cricket ; moving smoothly and rapidly. 

* BoWL'ING, 11. The act of rolling bowls, or the ball at 

cricket. 

BoWL'ING-AL'LEY, n. In the United States, a place for 
playing at bowls. 

BoWLTNG-GREEN, n. 1. A level piece of ground kept 
smooth for bowling. — 2. In gardening, a parterre in a 
grove, laid with fine turf, with compartments of divers 
figures, with dwarf trees and other decorations. 

* BoWL'ING-GROUND, n. The same as bowling-green. 
BOWSE, v. i. In seamen's language, to pull or haul hard, 
t BOWSS'.EN, v. t. To drink ; to drench. 

BoWYER, n. An archer ; one who uses a bow ; one who 

makes bows. [Little used.] 
BOX, n. [Sax. box.] 1. A coffer or chest, either of wood 
or metal. 2. The quantity that a box contains. 3. A cer- 
tain seat in a play-house, or in any public room. 4. The 
case which contains the mariner's compass. 5. A money- 
chest. 6. A tree or shrub, constituting the genus buxus. 
7. A blow on the head with the hand, or on the ear with 
the open hand. 8. A cylindrical hollow iron used hi 
wheels, in which the axle-tree runs. Also, a hollow tube 
in a pump, closed with a valve. 

BOX, v. %. To fight with the fist ; to combat with the hand 
or fist. 

BOX, v. t. 1. To inclose in a box ; also, to furnish with 
boxes. 2. To strike with the hand or fist, especially the 
ear or side of the head. 3. To rehearse the several points 
of the compass in their proper order. 4. To make a hole 
or cut in a tree, to procure the sap. 5. [Sp. boxar.] To 
sail round. — To box off, to divide into light compartments 

BOX'-€oAT, n. An overcoat used first by coachmen. 

BOX'-DRaIN, n. An under-ground drain, boxed up on the 
sides and on the top, and covered with earth.- -Brande. 

BOX-ELT»ER, n. The ash-leaved maple, a native of North 
America. 

BOX'-HAUL, v. t. To veer a ship in a particular manner 
in going from one tack to another. 

BOX'-LOB-BY, n. In a theater, the lobby leading fc the 
boxes. 

BOX'-THORN, n. A plant, the hjcium. 

BOX'-TREE, n. The box. 

BOX.ED (boxt), pp. Inclosed in a box ; struck on the head 
with the fist or hand ; furnished with a box or hollow 
iron, as a wheel. 

BOX'jEN (boks'sn), a. Made of box-wood ; resembling box 

BOX'ER, n. One who fights with his fist. 

BOX'ING, ppr. or a. Inclosing in a box ; striking with the 
fist ; furnishing with a box. 

BOX'ING, n. The act of fighting with the fist ; a combat 
with the fist. 

BOY, n. [Pers. bach; W. bacgen.] A male chiR; in gen- 
eral, applied to males under ten or twelve years of age ; a 
lad. Sometimes it is used in contempt for a young man 

BOY, v. t. _To act a part in the manner of a boy. 

t BOY'-BLlND, a. Blind as a boy ; undiscerning. 

BOY'S'-PLiY, n. Childish amusement ; any thing trifling. 

BO Y'AR, n. A nobleman of Russia, Transylvania, &c. See 
Boiak. 

BOY'AU (boy'o), n. ; pi. Boyaux. [Fr.] In fortification, a 
ditch covered with a parapet. 

BOY'ER, n. A Flemish sloop, with a castle at each end. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, Sec, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



BRA 



121 



BRA 



BO YTHOOD, n. The state of a boy, or of immature age. 

BOYISH, a. Belonging to a boy ; childish ; trifling ; resem- 
bling a boy in manners or opinions ; puerile. 

BOY'iSH-LY, adv. Childishly ; in a trifling manner. 

BOY'ISH-NESS, n. Childishness ; the manners or beharicr 
of a boy. 

BOY'ISM, n. 1. Childishness ; puerility— Dryden. 2. The 
state of a boy. 

BO-Y r u'NA, n. A large serpent of America, 

BP. An abbreviation of bishop. 

BRA-BANT'lNE, a. Pertaining to Brabant. 

I BRAB'BLE, n. [D. brabbelen.] A broil ; a clamorous con- 
test ; a wrangle. — Shak. 

t BRAB'BLE. v~ ' i. To clamor ; to contest noisily. 

f BRAB'BLER, n. A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow ; 
a wrangler. — Shak. 

t BRABBLING, ppr. Clamoring ; wrangling. 

BRAC'CITE, a. [L. bracca, breeches.] Having feathers 
which descend to, and cover the feet. 

BRaCE, a. [Fr. bras.] 1. In architecture, a piece of timber, 
framed in with bevel joints, to keep the building from 
swerving either way. 2. That which holds any thing 
tight ; a cincture or bandage. 3. A pair ; a couple ; as, a 
brace of ducks. — i. In music, a line or bracket placed per- 
pendicularly at the beginning of each set of staves, in a 
score, serving to bind them together. 5. A thick strap, 
which supports a carriage on wheels. 6. A crooked line 
in printing, connecting two or more words or lines ; thus, 

bowl ( — ^' * n mar ^ ne language, a rope reeved through a 
block at the end of a yard. 8. Brace, or brasse, is a for- 
eign measure answering to our fathom. 9. Harness ; war- 
like preparation. 10. Tension ; tightness. 11. Braces, pi. 
Suspenders, the straps that sustain pantaloons, >fcc. 12. 
The braces of a drum are the cords on the sides of it, for 
tightening the heads and snares. 13. A curved instrument 
of iron or wood for boring holes or driving screws, by 
pressure against the breast. 

BRICE, v. t~ 1. To draw tight ; to tighten ; to bind, or tie 
close : to make tight and firm. 2." To make tense ; to 
strain up. 3. To furnish with braces. 4. To strengthen ; 
to increase tension. — 5. In marine language, to bring the 
yards to either side. 

BRXC.ED (brast), pp. Furnished with braces ; drawn close 
and tight j made tense. 

* BRICE'LET, n. [Fr. brasselet and bracelet.'] 1. An orna- 
ment for the wrist. 2. A piece of defensive armor for 
the arm. 

BRa'CER, n. 1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm ; 
a band or bandage ; also, armor for the arm. 2. A med- 
icine which braces or strengthens the body. 

BRACH, n. [Fr. braque.] A bitch of the hound kind. 

BRACHIAL, a. [L. brachium.] Belonging to the arm. 

BRACH'I-ATE, a. In botany, having branches in pairs, de- 
cussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right an- 
gles with the next. 

BRACH'I-O-POD, n. One of a class of molluscous animals, 
having, instead of feet, two fleshy arms, which they can 
protrude or withdraw. 

BRaCH'MAN, > (bra'min), n. One of the sacerdotal order in 

BRaMTN, 5 India. 

BRACH-Y-CAT-A-LEC'TIC, n. A verse wanting two sylla- 
bles at its termination. 

BRACH-Y-DI-AG'O-NAL, n. The shortest of the diagonals 
of a rhombic prism. 

BRA-CHYG'RA-PHER, n. A writer in short hand.— Gayton. 

BRA-€HYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. $pix»S and yP'i(j>r,.] The art 
or practice of writing in short hand ; stenography. 

BRA-€HYL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. PpaxvS and Aoyo?.] In rhetoric, 
the expressing of any thing in the most concise manner. 

BRACHT-TyP-OUS, a. [Gr. j3pixvS, short, and rvzos, form.] 
In mineralogy, of a short form. — Mobs. 

BRA-CHYP'TER-OUS, a. A term denoting that the wings 
of a bird, when folded, do not reach to the base of the tall. 

BRA-CHYSTO-CHRONE, n. A curve in which a body, 
descending by the force of gravity, moves through a given 
space in the shortest time. 

BRACH-Y-UTtOUS, a. [Gr. j3pa X vS and ovpa.] Short-tailed ; 
a term applied to a tribe ol Crustacea, comprehending the 
crabs. 

BRACING, n. Act of bracing, or state of being braced. 

BRXC'LNG, ppr. Furnishing with braces ; making tight or 
firm. 

BRaCING, a. Having the quality of giving strength or tone. 

BRACK, 7i. [Gr. bruch.] An opening caused by the parting 
of anv solid body ; a breach ; a broken part. 

BRACKEN, n. Fern. See Brake. 

BRACK'ET, n. [Fr. braquer.] 1. Among workers in timber, 
an angular wooden stay, in form of the knee bent, to sup- 
port shelves, scaffolds, and the liAe. 2. The cheek of a 
mortar carriage, made of strong plank. — 3. In printing, 
hooks, inclosing one or more words ; thus, [ ] 

BRACK'ET, v. t. To place with brackets. 



BRACK'ISH, a. [D. brak.] Salt, or salt in a moderate de- 
gree ; it is applied to any water partially saturated with salt. 

BRACK'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being brackish ; salt- 
ness in a small degree. — Cheyne. 

t BRACKT. a. Brackish. 

BRAC'TE-A, ) n. [L.] In botany, an irregularly developed 

BRACT, 3 leaf, differing from other leaves in color, 
growing out from the peduncle of a flower, and so near 
the flower as easily to be mistaken for the perianth. 

BRAC'TE-ATE, a. Furnished with bracts. 

BRAC'TED, a. Furnished with bracts.— Martyn. 

BRAC'TE-oLE, n. A little bract.— Be Candolle. 

BRAC'TE-O-LATE, n. Furnished with bracteoles. 

BRACT'LESS, a. In botany, destitute of bracts. 

BRAD, in Sax., is broad, and occurs in names ; as in Brad- 
ford, broadford. 

BRAD, n. [Arm. brorid.] A kind of naiL without a broad 
head, used hi floors and other work. 

BRADT-PUS, n. The sloth, which see. 

BRAG, v. i. [W. bragiaw.] To display one's actions, mer- 
its, or advantages ostentatiously ; to tell boastful stories. 
[A low word.] With of. — Syn. To swagger ; boast ; va- 
por ; bluster ; vaunt ; flourish ; talk big. 

BRAG, n. A boast, or boasting ; ostentatious verbal display 
of one's deeds or advantages ; the thing boasted. 

BRAG. n. A game at cards. — Chesterfield. 

BRAG-GA-Do'CIO, n. A puffing, boasting fellow. 

BRAG'GARD-ISM, n. [old Fr. braggardise.] Boastfulness ; 
vain ostentation. 

BRAGGART, n. A boaster ; a vain fellow.— Shak. 

BRAGGART, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious. 

BRAG'GER, n. One who brags ; a boaster. 

BRAG'GET, ?i. [W. bragawd.] A liquor made by ferments 
ing the wort of ale and mead. 

BRAGGING, ppr. Boasting. 

BRAGGING, n. Boastful language. 

BRAG'GING-LY, adv. Boastihgly 

BRAG'LESS, a. Without bragging or ostentation. — Shan. 

1 BRAG'LY 7 , adv. Finely ; so as it may be bragged of. 

BRaH'MA, n. The first person in the trinity of the Hindoos, 
the creator. The others are Vishnoo, the preserver, and 
Siva, the destroyer. 

BRaH'MTN, n. A priest among the Hindoos. 

BR1ID, v. t. [Sax. bredan.] 1. To weave or infold three or 
more strands to form one. 2. In cookery, to mingle by 
rubbing in some fluid or other soft substance ; as, to braid 
starch. — Forby. 3. To break ; to tear ; to start ; [obs.] 4. 
To reproach ; [obs.] See Upbraid. 

BR.a ID, n. 1. A string, cord, or other texture, formed by 
weaving together different strands. 2. A start. — SackvilU. 
, BRIID, a. Deceitful; hasty; fickle.— Shak. 
I BRaID'ED, pp. or a. Formed into a braid ; mingled by 
rubbing. 

BRaID'LNG, ppr. Forming into a braid ; mingling by rub- 
bing. 

BRaIL, n. [Fr. brayer.] 1. A piece of leather to bind up a 
hawk s wing. — 2. In navigation, brails are ropes passing 
through pulleys. 

BRaIL, v. t. To brail up, is to haul up into the brails, or to 
truss up with the brails. 

BR2IN, n, [Sax. bragan, bregen, bragen.] 1. That soft, 
whitish mass, or viscus, inclosed in the cranium or skull, 
in which the nerves and spinal marrow terminate, and 
which is supposed to be the seat of the intelligent princi- 
ple in man. 2. The understanding. — Hale. 3. The affec- 
tions ; fancy; imagination. — Shak.; [unusual.] 

BRaIN, v. t. 1. To dash out the brains.— Pope. 2. To con- 
ceive ; to understand. — Shak. [Not used.] 

BRaIN'-Fe'VER, n. An inflammation of the brain. 

BRaIN'PAN, n. The skull which incloses the brain.— Dry 
den. 

BRaIN'-SICK, a. Disordered in the understanding ; giddy , 
thoughtless.— Shak. 

BRaIN 7 -SICK-LY, adv. Weakly ; with a disordered under- 
standing. — Shak. 

BRaIN'-SICK-NESS, ->. Disorder of the understanding; 
giddiness : indiscretion. 

BRaIN'-THROB, n. The throbbing of the brain. 

BRaIN'ISH, a. Hot-headed; furious.— Shak. 

BRIIN'LESS, a. Without understanding; silly; thought 
less ; witless. — Shak. 

BRaIT. n. Among jeicelers, a rough diamond. 

t BRaKE, pp. of break. See Break. 

BRaKE, n. [W. brwg.] 1. Brake is a name given to varl 
ous species of fern. 2. A place overgrown with brake. 3. 
A thicket ; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles, 
4. In the United States, a thicket of canes ; as, a cane-brake. 

BRaKE, n. 1. An instrument to break flax or hemp. 2. 
The handle or lever by which a pump is worked. 3. A 
baker's kneading-trough. 4. A sharp bit or snaffle. 5. A 
machine for confining refractory horses, while the smith 
is shoeing them. 6. That part of the carriage of a mova- 
ble battery or engine which enables it to turn. 7. A large 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J • tS ss Z- 5H as SH ; TH as in ihi?. t Obsolete. 



BRA 



122 



BRA 



UM'A, \ n - 
AH'MA, > 



The chief deity of the Indian nations, con- 
sidered as the creator of all things. 



aeavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing ; called, 
also, a drag. 

BRaKE, n. A machine attached to wheels, particularly 
the wheels of heavy carriages and of rail-road cars, which, 
by pressing on the wheels, retards or stops their mo- 
tion. 

BRaKE'MAN, n. One whose business it is to manage the 
brake in rail-road carriages. 

BRaK'Y, a. Full of brakes ; rough ; thorny. 

BRAM'A, 

BRUM' 

BRAH 

BRAM'BLE, n. [Sax. brembel.] A general name of the ge- 
nus rub us, of which there are several species, as the black- 
berry, the raspberry, &c. 

BRAM'BLE-BUSH, n. The bramble, or a collection of 
brambles growing together. 

BRAM'BLE-NET, n. A hallier, or a net to catch birds. 

BRAM'BL_ED, a. Overgrown with brambles. 

BRAM'BLING, \n. A bird, a species of fringilla, the 

BRAM'BLE, 3 mountain finch. 

BRAM'BLY, a. Full of brambles. 

BRAM'IN, )n. [See Brachman.] A priest among the 

BRAHMIN, 3 Hindoos and other nations of India. 

BRAM'IN-ESS, ? „ ™ ., „ tj 

BRAM-IN-EE', I n ' The Wlfe of a B ramin. 

BRA-MIN'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to the Bramins, or their 
doctrines and worship. 

BRAM'IN-ISM, n. The religion of the Bramins. 

BRAN, n. [W. bran.] The proper coat of wheat, rye, or 
other farinaceous grain, separated from the flour by bolt- 
ing. 

BRAN'-NEW. See Brand New. 

f BRANCARD, n. [Fr.] A horse litter. 

BRANCH, n. [Fr. branche.] 1. The shoot of a tree or other 
plant ; a limb ; a bough shooting from the stem, or from 
another branch or bough. 2. Any arm or extended part 
shooting or extended from the main body of a thing. 
3. Any member or part of a body or system ; a distinct 
article ; a section, or subdivision. 4. Any individual of a 
family descending in a collateral line ; any descendant 
from a common parent or stock. 5. Branches of a bridle, 
two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross 
chains, and the curb. 6. A warrant or commission given 
to a pilot. — Laws of Mass. 7. A chandelier. — Ash. 

BRANCH, v. i. 1. To shoot or spread in branches ; to ram- 
ify, as a plant, or as horns. 2. To divide into separate 
parts or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral 
subject; to ramify. 3. To speak diffusively; to make 
many distinctions or divisions in a discourse. 4. To have 
horns shooting out. 

BRANCH, v. t. 1. To divide, as into branches ; to make 
subordinate divisions. 2. To adorn with needle-work, 
representing branches, flowers, or twigs. 

BRANCH'-Le AF, n. A leaf growing on a branch. 

BRaNCH'-PE-DUN'€LE (-pe-dunkl), n. A peduncle spring- 
ing from a branch. 

BRANCH'-Pl-LOT, n. A pilot who has a branch, or public 
commission. — Laws of Mass. 

BRANCHED (brancht), pp. Divided or spread into branches ; 
separated into subordinate parts ; adorned with branches ; 
furnished with branches. 

BRANCHED'-W6RK (branchfwurk), n. The carved and 
sculptured leaves and branches in monuments and friezes. 

BPiANCH'ER. n. 1. One who shoots forth branches. 2. A 
young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest and take to 
the branches. 

BRANCH'ER-Y, n. The ramifications or ramified vessels 
dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit. 

BRANCH!- JE, n. pi. Gills, the organs of respiration in cer- 
tain aquatic animals, as fish, &c. 

BRANr-H'T-NESS, v. Fullness of branches. 

BRANCHING, ppr. Shooting in branches ; dividing into 
several subordinate parts. 

BRANCHING, a. Furnished with branches ; shooting out 
branches. 

BRANCH'1-O-POD, n., \ [Gr. (ipayxia, gills, and novg, 

BRANCH-I-OP'O-DA, n. pi. 5 foot] A small fresh-water 
crustacean, having some resemblance, in form, to the 
shrimp ; the legs look like gills. 

BRANCH-1-OS'TE-GOUS, a. [Gr. (Spayx"* and cTzyos.} 
Having gill-covers, or covered gills ; belonging to gill- 
covers. 

BRANCHI-ReME, n. [Gr. j3pay X ia, and L. remus.] An 
animal that has legs terminating in a bundle of setiform 
branches, connected with its respiration. — Kirby. 

BRANCHLESS, a. Destitute of branches or shoots ; with- 
out any valuable pr iduct ; barren ; naked. 

BRANCH'LET, n. A little branch ; a twig. 

BRANCHY, a. Full of branches ; having wide-spreading 
branches. — Pope. 

BRAND, n. [Sax. brand.} 1. A burning piece of wood ; or 
a stick or piece of wood partly burned. 2. A sword ; [now 



obsolete, unless in poetry.] Milton. — 3. A thunder-bolt.— 
Granville. 4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, 
as upon a criminal, or upon a cask ; hence, a stigma ; any 
note of infamy. 5. A disease in vegetables, called, also 
burn, by which their leaves and tender bark are partially 
destroyed, as if burned. 

BRAND, v. t. 1. To burn or impress a mark with a hot 
iron ; as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment ; or, 
to brand a cask, or any thing else, for the purpose of fixing 
a mark upon it. 2. To fix a mark or character of infamy, 
in allusion to the branding of criminals ; to stigmatize as 
infamous. 

BRAND'-GOOSE, n. A fpeeies of wild goose, usually 
called brant. 

BRAND'-I-RON (-i'urn), n. 1. A branding-iron. 2. An iron 
frame to set a pot on. 

BRAND'-NEW (-nii), a. Quite new ; bright as a brand of 
•fire. [This word, though now vulgar, was considered by 
Spelman as peculiarly elegant and appropriate.] — Rich. Diet. 

BRAND'ED, pp. or a. Marked with a hot iron ; stigmatized. 

BRANDING, ppr. Impressing a mark with a hot iron ; fix- 
ing a stigma, or mark of reproach 

BRAND'ING-I-RON (-i-urn), n. An iron to brand with. 

BRAN'DIED (bran'did), a. Mingled or strengthened with 
brandy. 

BRAND'ISH, v. t. [Fr. brendir.] 1. To move or wave, as a 
weapon ; to raise and move in various directions ; to shake, 
vibrate, or flourish. 2. To play with ; to flourish. 

t BRAND'ISH, n. A flourish.— Ben Jonson. 

BRANDISHED (bran'disht), pp. Raised and waved in the 
air with a flourish. 

BRAND'ISH-ER, n. One who brandishes. 

BRAND'ISH-ING, ppr. Raising and waving in the air, 
flourishing. 

tBRAN'DLE, v. i. [Fr.br undiller.] To shake.— Cotgrave. 

BRAND'LING, n. A kind of worm.— Walton. 

BRAN'DY, n. [D. branden.] An ardent spirit, distilled from 
wine. This is the appropriate sense, though the term is 
extended in America to spirit obtained from other sour- 
ces ; as, peach brandy, cider brandy. 

BRAN'DY-WlNE, n. Brandy.— Wiseman. 

BRAN"GLE, n. [Fr. branler.] A wrangle ; a squabble ; a 
noisy contest or dispute. — Swift. 

BRAN"GLE, v. i. To wrangle ; to dispute contentiously ; 
to squabble. — Swift. 

BRAN"GLE-MENT, n. Wrangle ; brangle. 

BRAN"GLER, n. A quarrelsome person ; a wrangler. 

BRAN"GLING, n. A quarrel— Whitlock. 

BRANK, n. 1. Buckwheat, a species of polygonum. 2. In 
some parts of England and Scotland, a scolding-bridle, an 
instrument for correcting scolding women. 

BRANK/UR-SrNE, n. [brank, and L. ursus.] Bear's-breech, 
or acanthus, a genus of plants. 

BRAN'LIN, 7i. A species of fish of the salmon kind. 

BRAN'NY, a. Having the appearance of bran ; consisting 
of bran. — Wiseman. 

t BRAN'SLE, n. A brawl, or dance. — Spenser. 

BRANT, n. A species of goose ; called, also, brent and brand- 
goose, which see. 

BRANT, a. Steep.— Todd. 

BRANT'-FOX, n. A kind of fox with black feet ; it is 
smaller than the common fox. 

BRa'SEN (bra'zn), a. Made of brass. 

BRASH, a. 1. Hasty in temper ; impetuous ; rash. — Grose. 
2. Brittle.— Pick. Voc, [local] 

BRa'SIER (bra'zhur), n. 1. An artificer who works in 
brass. 2. A pan for holding coals. 

BRA-SIL'. See Brazil. 

BRASS, n. [Sax. bras.] 1. An alloy of copper and zinc, of 
a yellow color. 2. Impudence ; a brazen face. 

BRaSS'-BAND, n. A company of musicians who perform 
on instruments of brass, as the trumpet, bugle, &c. 

BRASS'-FOIL, n. Dutch leaf, formed by beating out plates 
of brass to great thinness. 

BRASS'-PaVED, a. Hard as brass. — Spenser. 

BRASS'-VIS-AGED, a. Impudent. 

BRASSAGE, n. A sum formerly levied to defray the ex- 
pense of coinage. 

BRASS'ART, n. [Fr. bras, the arm.] In plate armor, the 
piece which protects the upper part of the arm, between 
the elbow and shoulder. 

BRASSE, n. The pale-spotted perch. 

BRAS'SET, n. A casque, or head-piece of armor. 

BRAS'SI-CA, n. [L.] Cabbage.— Pope. 

BRASS'I-NESS, n. A quality of brass ; the appearance ol 
brass. 

BRASSY, a. 1. Pertaining to brass ; partaking of brass | 
hard as brass ; having the color of brass. 2. Impudent; 
impudently bold. 

t BRAST, a. Burst.— Spenser. 

BRAT, n. [Germ, brut.] 1. A child, so called in contempt. 
2. Offspring; progeny. 

BRAUL, n. Indian cloth, with blue and white stripes. 



+ See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long, . a . E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD -—MOVE, BOOK, 



BRA 



r~'3 



JBRE 



BRA-VaT>0, n. [Sp. bravata.] A boast, or brag; an arro- 
gant menace, intended to intimidate. 

BRaVE, a. [Fr. brave.] 1. Fearless of danger. 2. Having 
a noble mien ; as, a brave grace. — Shak. 3. Magnificent ; 
grand ; as, a brave place. — Denham. 4. Excellent ; noble ; 
dignified ; but in modern usage it has nearly lost its appli- 
cation to things. 5. Gaudy ; showy in dress. — Spenser, 
[obsolete.'] — Syn. Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; 
valorous ; bold ; heroic ; intrepid ; fearless ; dauntless ; 
magnanimous ; high-spirited. 

BRaVE, n, 1. A hector; a man daring beyond discretion 
or decency. — Dryden. 2. A boast ; a challenge ; a defi- 
ance. — Shak. 3. A brave (from the French), is a term ap- 
plied to an Indian warrior in America. 

BRIVE, v. t. 1. To defy ; to challenge ; to encounter with 
courage and fortitude, or without being moved ; to set at 
defiance. 2. To carry a boasting appearance of. — Bacon. 

BRaVJSD, pp. Defied ; set at defiance ; met without dis- 
may, or being moved. 

BRaVE'LY, adv. 1. Courageously ; gallantly ; splendidly ; 
in a brave manner ; heroically. In Spenser, finely ; gau- 
dily. 2. In good health, or much recovered from illness. 
[In this sense, which is provincial in England, the word is 
still sometime* used in America.] 

RRaV'ER-Y, n. 1. Undaunted spirit; fearlessness of dan- 
ger. 2. Splendor ; magnificence ; showy appearance. — 
Spenser. 3. Show ; ostentation ; fine dress. — Bacon. 4. 
Bravado ; boast. — Sidney. 5. A showy person. — Spenser. 
[In the last four senses, this word is nearly antiquated.] 
— Syn. Courage ; heroism ; intrepidity ; gallantry ; valor ; 
fearlessness; dauntlessness ; hardihood; manfulness. 

BRaV'ING, ppr. Setting at defiance ; challenging. 

* BRa'VO, n. [It. and Sp.] A daring villain ; a bandit ; one 
who sets law at defiance ; an assassin, or murderer. 

BRa'VO, interj. Well done. 

BRa-Vu'RA, n. [It,] In music, an air requiring great force 
and spirit. 

BRAWL, v. i. [Germ, brullen.] 1. To quarrel noisily and 
indecently. 2. To speak loud and indecently. 3. To roar 
as water ; to make a noise. — Syn. To wrangle ; squabble ; 
contend. 

BRAWL, v. t. To drive or beat away. 

BHAWL, n. [Norm. braul.J 1. Noisy contention. — 2. For- 
merly, a kind of dance, said to resemble the modern cotil- 
lon. — Shak. Syn. Noise ; quarrel ; scurrility ; uproar. 

BRAWL'ER, n. A noisy fellow ; a wrangler. 

BRAWL'ING, ppr. or a. Quarreling ; noisy ; quarrelsome. 

BRAWLING, n. The act of quarreling. 

BRAWL'ING-LY, adv. In a quarrelsome manner. 

BRAWN, n. [L. aprugnus.] 1. The flesh of a boar, or the 
animal itself. 2. The fleshy, protuberant, muscular part 
of the body. 3. Bulk ; muscular strength. 4. The arm, 
from its muscles or strength. 5. In cookery, the flesh of 
the boar, or of swine, collared, so as to squeeze out much 
of the fat, boiled, and pickled. 

t BRAWN, v. t. To render strong.— Fuller. 

BRAWN ED, a. Brawny ; strong. — Spenser. 

BRAWN'ER, n. A boar killed for the table. 

BRAWN'I-NESS, n. The quality of being brawny ; strength ; 
hardiness. — Locke. 

BRAWNY, a. Having large, strong muscles. — Dryden. 
— Syn. Musculous ; muscular ; fleshy ; strong ; bulky. 

BRaY, v. t. [Sax. bracan.] 1. To pound, beat, or grind 
small. 2. To make a harsh sound, as of an ass. 3. To 
make a harsh, disagreeable, grating sound. 

BRaY, n. The harsh sound or roar of an ass ; a harsh, 
grating sound. 

t BRaY, n. [W. bre.] 1. A bank or mound of earth. 2. A 
declivity or slope of a hill : Scottish brae. 

BRaY'ER, n. 1. One who brays like an ass. 2. An instru- 
ment to temper ink in printing-offices. 

BRaYING, ppr. Pounding, or grinding small; making the 
noise of an ass ; roaring. 

BRaYING, n. 1. The noise of an ass. 2. Roar ; noise ; 
clamor. — Smith. 

BRaYLE, n. See Brail. 

BRaZE, v. t. [Fr. braser.] 1. To soder with an alloy of 
brass and zinc. 2. To harden to impudence ; to harden, 
as with brass. 

BRa'ZjBN (bra'zn), a. 1. Made of brass. 2. Pertaining to 
brass ; proceeding from brass. 3. Impudent ; having a 
front like brass. — Brazen age, or age of brass, in mytholo- 
gy, the degenerate age which succeeded the silver age. 

BRa'ZEN, v. i. To be impudent; to bully. 

BRa'Z.BN-BROW^D, a. Shameless; impudent.— Brown. 

BRa'ZEN-FaCE, n. An impudent person; one remark- 
able for effrontery. — Shak. 

BRa'Z.EN-FaCED (bra'zn-faste), a. Impudent; bold to 
excess ; shameless. — Dryden. 

BRa'Z.EN-LY, adv. In a bold, impudent manner. 

BRI'ZSN-NESS, n. 1. Appearance like brass. 2. Impu- 
dence ; excess of assurance. 

BRA'ZIER. See Brasieb. 



* BRA-ZIL', 1 n. [Port, braza.] Brazil, or Brazil- 

BRA-ZIL'-WOOD, j wood, is a very heavy wood, used for 
dyeing red, growing in Brazil, and other tropical countries. 

BRA-ZIL'-NUT, n. The nut of a large South American 
fruit-tree, the Bertholletia excelsa. — Brande. 

BRAZ-IL-ET'TO, n. An inferior kind of Brazil-wood, 
brought from Jamaica. 

BRA-ZIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Brazil.— Barlow. 

BRaZ'ING, n. The act of uniting by an alloy of brass and 
zinc. 

BREACH, n. [Fr. breche.] 1. The act of breaking, or state 
of being broken ; a rupture ; a break ; a gap ; the space 
between the several parts of a solid body, parted by vio- 
lence. 2. The violation of a law ; the violation or non 
fulfillment of a contract ; the non-performance of a moral 
duty. 3. An opening in a coast; [not usual] 4. Sepa- 
ration between friends by means of enmity ; difference ; 
quarrel. 5. Infraction ; injury ; invasion ; as, a breach 
upon kingly power. 6. Bereavement; loss of a friend, 
and its consequent affliction. 7. A violation of the public 
peace, as by a riot, affray, or any tumult which is con- 
trary to law, and destructive to the public tranquillity, is 
called a breach of the peace. — Syn. Rent ; cleft ; chasm ; 
rift; disruption; fracture; aperture; gap; break; infrac- 
tion ; infringement ; violation ; quarrel ; dispute ; conten- 
tion; difference; separation; misunderstanding. 

BREACH, v. t. To make a breach, or opening, as in the 
walls of a fortification. — Life of Wellington. 

BREACH'FUL, a. Full of breaches. 

BReACH'Y, a. Apt to break fences ; unruly. — Sussex. 

BREAD (bred), n. [Sax. bread.] 1. A mass of dough, made 
by moistening and kneading the flour or meal of some 
species of grain, and baking it in an oven or pan. 2. Food 
in general. 3. Support of fife, in general ; maintenance. 

t BREAD, v. t. [Sax. bradan.] To spread. — Ray. 

BReAD'-CHIP-PER, n. One who chips bread ; a baker's 
servant ; an under butler. 

BReAD'-€ORN, n. Corn of which bread is made. 

BReAD'-FRuIT-TREE, n. A tree which grows in the 
isles of the Pacific Ocean, to the height of forty feet, and 
produces a globular fruit five or six inches in diameter, 
which, when roasted, has somewhat the taste of the pota- 
to, and forms an excellent substitute for bread. 

BReAD'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship's hold, where 
the bread is kept. 

BReAD'^EN (bred'dn), a. Made of bread. [Little used.] 

BREAD'LESS, a. Without bread; destitute of food. 

BReAD'STUFF, n. Bread-com ; meal ; bread. [Used in 
the United States.] 

BREADTH (bredth), n. [Sax. brad and bred.] The meas- 
ure or extent of any plain surface from side to side. 

BREADTH'LESS, a. Having no breadth.— More. 
BREAK (brake), v. t. ; pret. broke, [brake, obs.] ; pp. broke, 
or broken. [Sax. bracan, brecan.] 1. To part or divide by 
force and violence, as a solid substance ; to rend apart. 
2. To burst or open by force. 3. To divide by piercing 
or penetrating ; to burst forth. 4. To make breaches, or 
gaps, by battering, as in a wall. 5. To destroy, crush, 
weaken, or impair, as the human body or constitution. 

6. To sink ; to appall, or subdue ; as, to break the spirits. 

7. To crush; to shatter; to dissipate the strength of, as 
of an army. 8. To weaken, or impair, as the faculties. 
9. To tame ; to train to obedience ; to make tractable, as 
a young horse. 10, To make bankrupt. 11. To discard, 
dismiss, or cashier. — Swift. 12. To crack ; to part, or di- 
vide, as the skin ; to open, as an aposteme. 13. To vio- 
late, as a contract or promise. 14. To infringe, or violate, 
as a law, or any moral obligation. 15. To stop ; to inter- 
rupt ; to cause to cease. 16. To intercept ; to check ; te) 
lessen the force of. 17. To separate ; to part. 18. To 
dissolve any union, sometimes with off. 19. To cause to 
abandon ; to reform, or cause to reform ; as, to break 
one's self of bad habits. 20. To open, as a purpose ; to 
propound something new ; to make a first disclosure cf 
opinions. 21. To frustrate ; to prevent. 22. To take 
away. 23. To stretch ; to strain ; to rack. — Syn. To dis- 
part;" rend; tear; crash; shatter; batter; violate; in- 
fringe ; demolish ; destroy. 

To break the back, to strain or dislocate the vertebras with 
too heavy a burden ; also, to disable one's fortune. — To 
break bulk, to begin to unload.— Mar. Diet. To break a 
deer, to cut it up at table. — To break cover, to come forth 
from a lurking-place, as hunted game. — To breakfast, to 
eat the first meal in the day, but used as a compound 
word. — To break ground, to plow. — To break giound, to 
dig; to open trenches ; and, figuratively, to commence an 
undertaking. — To break the heart, to afflict grievously. — To 
break a jest, to utter a jest unexpectedly. — To break the 
neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. — To break off. 1. 
To put a sudden stop to; to interrupt; to discontinue. 
2. T<> sever; to divide.— To break up. 1. To dissolve, or 
put an end to. 2. To open, or lay open. 3. To plow 
ground the first time, or after lying long unplowed. 4. To 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, t 



BRE 



124 



BRE 



separate. 5. To disband. — To break in, to train, or accus- 
tom. — To break ttpon the wheel, to stretch and break the 
bones by torture upon the wheel. — To break wind, to give 
vent to wind from the body backward. 

BREaK, v. i. 1. To part ; to separate ; to divide in two. 
2. To burst. 3. To burst, by dashing against something. 
4. To open, as a tumor. 5. To open, as the morning ; to 
9how the first light ; to dawn. 6. To burst forth ; to utter 
or exclaim. 7. To fail in trade or other occupation ; to 
become bankrupt. 8. To decline in health and strength ; 
to begin to lose the natural vigor. — Swift. 9. To issue out 
with vehemence. — Pope. 10. To make way with violence 
or suddenness ; to rush ; often with a participle. 11. To 
come to an explanation ; as, I am to break with thee on 
some affairs. — Shak. 12. To suffer an interruption of 
friendship ; to fall out. 13. To faint, flag, or pant. 

To break away, to disengage itself from ; to rush from ; also, 
to dissolve itself, or dissipate, as fog or clouds. — To break 
forth, to issue out. — To break from, to disengage from ; to 
depart abruptly, or with vehemence. — To break in, to en- 
ter by force ; to enter unexpectedly ; to intrude. — To 
break loose, to get free by force ; to escape from confine- 
ment by violence ; to shake off restraint. — To break off, to 
part ; to divide ; also, to desist suddenly. — To break off 
from, to part from with violence. — To break out. 1. To 
issue forth ; to discover itself by its effects ; to arise or 
spring Tip. 2. To appear in eruptions, as pustules. 3. To 
throw off restraint, and become dissolute. — To break up, 
to dissolve itself and separate ; as. a company breaks up. — 
To break with, to part in enmity ; to cease to be friends. 

BREaK, n. 1. A state of being open, or the act of sepa- 
rating ; an opening made by force ; an open place. 2. A 
pause ; an interruption. 3. A line in writing or printing, 
noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence. 
— 4. In a ship, the break of the deck is the part where it 
terminates and the descent on to the next deck below 
commences. 5. The first appearance of light in the 
morning ; the dawn ; as, the break of day. — 6. In archi- 
tecture-, a recess, or projection which breaks the continuity 
of the surface. 

BREaK'A-BLE, a. Capable of being broken. 

BREaKAgE, n. A breaking ; also, an allowance for things 
broken, in transportation. 

BREAKER, n. 1. The person who breaks any thing; a 
violator, or transgressor. 2. A rock which breaks the 
waves ; or the wave itself which is broken. 3. A pier, 
mound, or other solid matter, placed in a river, to break 
the floating ice. 4. One that breaks up ground. 5. A de- 
stroyer. — Micah, ii. 

BRE AK'FAST (brek'fast), n. The first meal in the day ; or 
the thins; eaten at the first meal. 

BRE AK'FAST (brek'fast), v. i. To eat the first meal in the 
day. 

BRe AK'FAST-ING (brek'fast-ing), ppr. Eating or taking the 
first meal in the day. 

BR£AK'FAST-ING, n. A party at breakfast. 

BREaK'ING, ppr. or a. Parting by violence ; rending asun- 
der ; subduing, as a youna; horse ; becoming bankrupt. 

BREAKING, re. The act of rending ; of dissolving friend- 
ship ; of subduing a young animal, <fec. Breaking in, the 
act of subduing and tamina:. See, also, the verb. 

BREaK'MAN. See Brakeman. 

BREaK'NECK, n. A fall that breaks the neck ; a steep 
place endangering the neck. a. Endangering the neck. 

fBREIK'PROM-ISE, re. One who makes a" practice of 
breaking his promise. 

t BREaK'VOW, re. One who habitually breaks his vows. 
— Shak. 

BREaK'WA-TER, re. 1. A mole or other obstruction at the 
entrance of a harbor, estuary, &c, to break or diminish 
the force of the waves, to secure the vessels in harbor. 
2. A small buoy fastened to a large one, when the rope 
of the latter is not long enough to reach the surface of the 
water. 

BREAM, re. [Fr. heme.'] A fish, the cyprinus brama, an in- 
habitant of lakes and deep water. 

BReAM, v. t. In sea language, to burn off the filth, such as 
grass, sea-weed, ooze, &c, from a ship's bottom. 

BREAST (brest), re. [Sax. breast.] 1. The soft, protuberant 
body, adhering to the thorax, which, in females, furnishes 
milk for infants. 2. The fore part of the thorax, or the 
fore part of the human body, between the neck and the 
belly. 3. The part of a beast which answers to the breast 
in man. 4. Figuratively, the heart ; the conscience ; the 
disposition of the mind ; the affections ; the seat of the af- 
fections and passions. 5. Formerly, the power of singing. 
— Tusser. 

BREAST (brest), v. t. To meet in front; to oppose breast 
to breast. — Goldsmith. 

BRSAST'-BAND, re. A rope or belt of canvas passed 
round the body of a man who heaves the lead in sounding, 
and fastened to the rigging, to prevent his falling into the 



BRS AST'-BoNE, re. The bone of the breast ; the sternum 
BRE AST'-CiSK-ET, re. One of the la. gest and longest oi 

the caskets or strings on the middle of the yard of a ship 
BReAST-FaST, re. A large rope to confine a ship sidewise 

to a wharf or key. 
BReAST'-DEEP, a. Breast-high ; as high as the breast 
BReAST'-HiGH (bresfhi), a. High as the breast. 
BRE AST'-HOOKS, re. pi. Knees placed across the stem of a 

ship, to strengthen the fore part, and unite the bows on 

each side. 
BRE AST-KNOT (bresf-not), re. A knot of ribbons worn on 

the breast. 
BRe AST-PIN, re. An ornamental pin, fixed in the linen near 

the breast ; sometimes, also, called a broach. 
BReAST'-PLaTE, re. 1. Armor for the breast. 2. A strap 

that runs across a horse's breast. — 3. In Jewish antiquity, a 

part of the vestment of the high-priest. 
BREAST'-PLOW, re. A plow, driven by the breast, used to 

cut or pare turf. 
BREAST'-RoPE. See Breast-band. 
BREAST-WHEEL, re. A water-wheel, which receives the 

water at about half its height, or at the level of its axis. 
BREAST-W6RK (bresfwurk), re. In fortification, a work 

thrown up for defense ; a parapet, which see. 
BREASTED, a. Having a broad breast ; having a fine voice. 
BREASTING, ppr. Meeting with the breast; opposing in 

front. — Breasting up a hedge, is cutting the face of it on one 

side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the 

plants. — Brande. 
BREATH (brefch), re. [Sax. brath.] 1. The air inhaled and 

expelled in the respiration of animals. 2. Life. — Dryden. 

3. The state or power of breathing freely ; opposed to a 
state of exhaustion from violent action ; as, out of breath. 

4. Respite ; pause ; time to breathe. 5. Breeze ; air in 
gentle motion. 6. A single respiration. 7. An instant ; the 
time of a single respiration ; a single act. — 8. Figuratively, 
a word ; as, " a breath can make them." — Goldsmith. 

BREATH'A-BLE, a. That may be breathed. 
BReATH'A-BLE-NESS, re. State of being breathable. 
BReATHE, v. i. 1. To respire ; to inspire and expire air. 
Hence, to live. 2. To take breath; to rest from action 

3. To pass as air. 

BReATHE, v. t. 1. To inhale as air into the lungs, and ex- 
pel it. 2. To inject by breathing ; to infuse ; followed by 
into. 3. To expire ; to eject by breathing ; followed by 
out. 4. To exercise; to keep in breath; as, "swift as 
breathed stags." — Shak. 5. To inspire or blow into ; tc 
cause to sound by breathing. 6. To exhale ; to emit as 
breath. 7. To utter softly or in private. 8. [W. brathu, 
to pierce,] To give air or vent to ; to open, as a vein. 9 
To expre'ss ; to manifest. 

BReATHJSD, pp. Inhaled and exhaled ; respired; uttered 

BREATHER, n. One who breathes or lives ; one who ut 
ters ; one who animates or infuses by inspiration. 

BREATH'FUL (breth'ful), a. Full of breath ; full of odor. 

BREATHING, ppr. 1. Respiring; living; uttering. 2. a. Ex 
hibiting to the life. 

BREATHING, re. 1. Respiration ; the act of inhaling and 
exhaling air. 2. A gentle motion of the air ; applied also, 
figuratively, to a gentle influence or operation ; as, the 
breathings of the Spirit. 3. Aspiration ; secret prayer. 

4. Breathing-place ; vent. 5. Accent ; aspiration ; as, a 
rough breathing. 

BReATHING-PLaCE, re. 1. A pause. 2. A vent. 

BREATHING-TIME, re. Pause ; relaxation. 

BREATHLESS (brethles), a. 1. Being out of breath ; spent 
with labor or violent action. 2. Dead. 

BREATHLESS-NESS, re. The state of being exhausted of 
breath. 

BRE€'CIA, re. [It] In mineralogy, a rock composed of an- 
gular fragments of the same mineral, or of different min- 
erals, united by a cement, and presenting a variety of 
colors. 

BRE-G'CIa-TED, a. Consisting of angular fragments, ce- 
mented together. 

BRED, pp. of breed. Generated ; produced ; contrived ; ed- 
ucated. 

IBReDE, re. A braid. — Addison. 
BREECH, re. 1. The lower part of the body behind. 2. 
Breeches ; but rarely used in the singular. 3. The hinder 
part of a gun or any thing else. 

BREECH, v. t. 1. To put into breeches. 2. To whip on 
the breech. 3. To furnish with breeching. 

BREECH, v. t. To fasten with breeching. 

BREECHED (breecht), pp. or a. Put into breeches ; whip- 
ped on the breech. 

BREECH'ES (brich'ez), re. pi. [Sax. brae, braccce.] A gar- 
ment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs. — To 
wear the breeches is, in the wile, to usurp the authority of 
the husband. 

BREECHING (brich'ing), ppr. 1. Furnishing with breeches, 
or with a breech. 2. Whipping the breech ; and, as a 
noun, a whipping. 



See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



ERE 



125 



BRI 



BREECHING, n. 1. That part of a harness which comes 
round the breech of a horse, also called breech-band. — 
Brandc. 2. Ropes with which cannon are lashed to the 
sides of a ship, to prevent their running back. 

BREED, v. t. ; pret. and pp. bred. [Sax. bredan, bradan.] 1. 
To generate ; to engender ; to hatch ; to produce the young 
of any species of animals. Always applied to the mother 
or dam. 2. To produce within or upon the body. 3. To 
cause ; to occasion ; to produce ; to originate. 4. To con- 
trive ; to hatch ; to produce by plotting. 5. To give birth 
to ; to be the native place of. 6. To educate ; to instruct ; 
to form by education. 7. To bring up ; to nurse and fos- 
ter ; to take care of in infancy, and through the age of 
youth ; to provide for, train, and conduct ; to instruct the 
mind and form the manners in youth. 

BREED, v. i. 1. To produce, as a fetus ; to bear and nour- 
ish, as in pregnancy. 2. To be formed in the parent or 
dam; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth. 
3. To have birth ; to be produced. 4. To be increased by 
a new production. — 5. To raise a breed, used of rearing an- 
imals.— 6. To breed in and in, to breed from animals of the 
same stock, and very nearly related. — Farmer's Encyc. 

BREED, n. 1. A race or progeny from the same parents or 
stock. 2. A cast; a kind ; a race of men or other animals. 
[But race is preferable when we speak of men, unless con- 
temptuously or in sport.] 3. Progeny ; oftspring : applied 
to other things than animals. 4. A number produced at 
once ; a hatch ; a brood. 

t BREED'-BITE, n. One who breeds or originates quarrels. 
— Shalt. 

BREED'ER, n. 1. The female that breeds or produces, 
whether human or other animal. 2. The person who ed- 
ucates or brings up ; that which brings up. 3. That which 
produces. 4. "One who raises a breed ; one who takes 
care to raise a particular breed, or breeds, as of horses or 
cattle. 

BREEDTNG, ppr. or a. Bearing and nourishing, as a fetus ; 
engendering; producing; educating. 

BPcEEDTNG, n. 1. The act of generating or of producing. 
2. The raising of a breed or breeds. 3. Formation of mind 
and manners. 4. By way of eminence, deportment or be- 
havior in the external offices and decorums of social life. 
Hence, good breeding is politeness. — Syn. Education ; in- 
struction ; nurture ; training ; manners. 

BREEZE, n. [Sax. briosa.] A genus of flies, technically 
called tabanus, whose sting greatly annoys animals. 

BREEZE, n. [It. brezza.] 1. A light wind ; a gentle gale. 2. 
A shifting wind, that blows from the sea or from the land, 
for a certain time, by night or by day. 

BREEZE, v. i. To blow gently ; a word common among sea- 
men. — Barlow. 

BREEZELESS, a. Motionless ; destitute of breezes. 

BREEZ'Y, a. 1. Fanned with gentle winds or breezes. 2. 
Subject to frequent breezes. — Gray. 

BReHON, n. In Irish, a judge ; and hence Brehon laws, 
the unwritten common law of the country. 

BReISLA-KiTE, n. A Vesuvian mineral. 

tBREME, a. [Sax. bremman.] Cruel; sharp. — Chancer. 

f BREN, v. t. [Sax. brennan.] To burn. — Spenser. 

BREN'NAGE, n. In the middle ages, a tribute or composi- 
tion which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which 
they were obliged to furnish for his hounds. 

\ BRANT } a - [W> 6ry "' ] Ste6p '' Mgh - 

BRENT, n. 1. A brant, or brand-goose ; a fowL 2. part. 
Burned ; [obs.] See Brex. 

BRE-PHOTRO-PHY, n. [Gr. (IpcQoS and T pt<pu).] The nur- 
ture of orphans. 

BR.EST, \n. In architecture, the member of a column, 

BREAST, ^ more usually called torus, or tore. 

RRE8T-SUM-MER n. In architecture, a piece in the out- 
ward part of a wooden building, into which the girders 
are framed. 

RRET, n. A local name of the turbot, called, also, burt or brut. 

\ BRETFUL, a. Brimful.— Chaucer. 

BRETHREN, n. ; pi. of brother. It is used almost exclu- 
sively in solemn and Scriptural language, in the place of 
brothers. See Brother. 

BRETTI-CES, n.pl. The name given by miners to the 
wooden supports for the roof of a coal mine. 

BReVE, n. [It. breve: L. brevis.] 1. In old music, a note 
or character of time equal to two semibreves. — 2. In law, 
a writ directed to the chancellor, judges, sheriffs, or other 
officers, whereby a person is summoned, or attached, to 
answer in the king's court. This word, in the latter sense, 
is more generally written brief. 

IRE-VET, n. 1. In French usage, a document without seal 
(a warrant), by which the king grants a favor, privilege, 
title, or dignity. 2. A commission to an officer, which en- 
titles him to an honorary rank in the army above his ac- 
tual rank and pay. Thus, a brevet-major serves and draws 
pay as a captain. 

BRE'VI-A-RY, n. [Fr. breviaire.] 1. An abridgment; acom- 



pend ; an epitome. 2. A book containing the daily service 

of the Roman Catholic Church. 
BREWI-AT, 1 . , . , 

BRe VI-ATE \ n ' short compend , a summary. 

t BRe'VI-aTE, v. t. To abridge. See Abbreviate. 

BRe'VI-A-TURE, n. An abbreviation. 

BRE-VIeR, n. [Fr. breviaire.] A small kind of printing 

types, in size between bourgeois and minion. 
BRE-VIL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. brevis and loquor.] A brief 

and pertinent mode of speaking. 
BREV'I-PED, a. f L. brevis and pes.] Having short legs, a« 

certain birds. 
BREV'I-PED, n. A fowl having short legs. 
BRE-VI-PENNTATE, a. Denoting grallatory birds, hav- 
ing short wings, as the ostrich. 
BREV'I-TY, n. [L. brevitas.] 1. Shortness ; applied to time. 

2. Shortness ; conciseness ; succinctness ; contraction into 

few words ; applied to discourses. 
BREW, v. t. [Sax. briwan.] 1. In a general sense, to boil 

and mix. — 2. In a more restricted sense, to make beer, ale, 

or other similar liquor. 3. To mingle. 4. To contrive ; to 

plot. 5. To put in a state of preparation. 
BREW, v. i. 1. To be in a state of preparation ; to be mix 

ing, forming, or collecting: as, mischief is brewing. 2. To 

perform the business of brewing or making beer. 
BREW, n. The mixture formed by brewing ; that which is 

brewed. 
BREW-HOUSE, n. A brewery; a house used for brewing. 
BREW'AgE, n. Malt liquor ; drink brewed. 
BREW.ED (brude), pp. Mixed, steeped, and fermented ; 

made by brewing. 
BREWER, n. One whose occupation is to prepare malt 

liquors : one who brews. 
BREWER- Y, n. A brew-house ; the house and apparatus 

where brewing is carried on. 
BREWING, ppr. 1. Preparing malt liquor. 2. In a state oi 

mixing, forming, or preparing. 3. Contriving ; preparing. 
BREWING, n. 1. The act or process of preparing liquors 

from malt and hops. 2. The quantity brewed at once. — 3. 

Among seoTToe-r;, a collection of black clouds portending a 

storm. 
BREWIS, 72. 1. Broth; pottage; [obs.] 2. Apiece of bread 

soaked in ItoDing fat pottage, made of salted meat. 
BRI-aHE-AN, a. Many-handed ; from Briareus, a fabulous 

monster having a hundred hands. 
BRIBE, n. [Ir. Ireab.] 1. A price, reward, gift, or favor be- 
stowed or promised with a view to pervert the judgment 

or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, or other per 

son. 2. That which seduces. 
BRiBE, v. t. 1. To give or promise a reward or considera 

tion, with a view to pervert the judgment, or corrupt the 

conduct. 2. 1 o gain by a bribe ; as, to bribe a child to take 

phvsic ; [rare, except in familiar language^ . 
BRiBE'-DE-VOUR'ING, a, Greedy of bribes. 
BRlBE'-PANDER, n. [bribe and pander.] One who pro 

cures bribes. — Burke. 
BRlBE'-WoRTHY, a. Worth bribing to obtain. 
BRlBELESS, a. That can not be bribed ; that is not bribed 
BRlB'ER n. One who bribes, or paysfor corrupt practices. 
BRTB'ER-Y, n. The act or practice of giving or taking re- 
wards for corrupt practices. 
BRICK, n. [Fr. brique.] 1. A mass of earth, chiefly clay, 

first moistened and made fine by grinding or treading, 

then formed into an oblong square in a mold, dried and 

baked or burned in a kiln ; used in buildings and walls. 2. 

A loaf shaped like a brick. 
BRICK, v. t. 1. To lay or pave with bricks. 2. To imitate 

or counterfeit a brick wall on plaster. To brick up, tc fill 

up with brick. 
BRICKBAT, n. A piece or fragment of a brick. 
BRICK-BUILT (-bilt), a. Built with bricks.— Di-yden-. 
BRICK-CLaY, n. Clay used or suitable for making bricks 
BRICK-DUST, n. Dust of pounded bricks. 
BRICK-EARTH (-erth), n. Clay or earth used or suitable 

for bricks. 
BRICK-KILN (briklril), n. A kiln, or furnace, in which 

bricks are baked or burned. 
BRICKLaY-ER n. One whose occupation is to build with 

bricks ; a mason. 
BRICKMiK-ER, n. [brick and make.] One who makes 

bricks, or whose occupation is to make biicks. 
BRrCKNOG'GING, n. In architecture, brick-work carried 

up and fitted in between timber framing. 
BRICKTPJM'MER n. A brick arch built against a wooden 

trimmer, in front of a fire-place, to prevent accidents by fire, 
BRICK-YXR.D, n. A place where bricks are made. 
BRICK-W6RK, n. The laying of bricks, or a wall of bricks 
t BRICKLE, a. Brittle ; easily broken. 
t BPJCKLE-NESS, n. Fragility ; brittleness. — Barret. 
BRICK'Y, a. Full of bricks^ or formed of bricks. 
BRiD'AL, a. Belonging to a bride, or to a wedding; nup 

rial ; connubial. 
BRIDAL, n. The nuptial festival.— Dryden. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — AN"GER Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BRI 



126 



BRI 



BRS-D AL-TY, n. Celebration of the nuptial feast 

BRIDE, n. [Sax. bryd.] 1. A woman new married. 2. A 
woman espoused, or contracted to be married ; [this it 
the_original meaning.] 
BRIDE, v. t. To make a wife of; to marry. 

BRIDE'-BED, n. The maniage bed.— Prior. 

BRiDE'-CaKE, n. The cake which is made for the guests 
at a wedding ; called, in the United States, wedding cake. 

BRIDE'-CHIM-BER, n. The nuptial apartment. 

BRlD'ED, a. Made a bride. 

BRlDE'GROOM, n. [originally and properly bridegoom ; 
from the Sax. brydguma, a brideman ; Dan. brudgom ; Sw. 
brudgumme.] A man newly married ; or a man about to 
be married. 

BRiDE'MaID, n. A woman who attends on a bride at her 
wedding. 

BRiDE'MAN, n. A man who attends upon a bridegroom 
and bride at their marriage. Often pronounced bride's 
man and bride's maid. 

BRiDE'STaKE, n. A stake or post set in the ground to 
dance round. — Ben Jonson. 

BRlDE'WELL, n. A house of correction, for the confine- 
ment of disorderly persons ; so called from the palace 
built near St. Bride's or Bridget's well, in London, which 
was turned into a workhouse. 

BRIDGE (bridj), n. [Sax. brie, bricg, brigg.] 1. Any struc- 
ture of wood, stone, brick, or iron, raised over a river, 
pond, or lake, for the passage of men and other animals. 

2. The upper part of tfa.« nose is called the bridge of the 
nose. 3. The part of a stringed instrument of music, over 
which the strings are stretched. — 4. In gunnery, the two 
pieces of timber which go between the two transoms of a 
gun-carriage. — A draw-bridge is one which can be raised 
or drawn back, so as to allow ships to pass through the 
opening. — A flying bridge is made of casks, pontoons, &c, 
for the passage of armies on an emergency. 

BRIDGE, v. t. 1. To build a bridge or bridges over. 2. To 
erect bridges on ; to make a passage by a bridge or bridges. 

BRIDgE'-HeAD, n. A fortification covering the extremity 
of a bridge nearest the enemy ; in French, tete de pont. 

BRIDGED, pp. Covered or furnished with a bridge. 

BRIDg'ING, ppr Erecting a bridge ; building a bridge over. 

BRIDgE'LESS, a. Having no bridge. 

f BRIDg'Y, a. Full of bridges.— S herwood. 

BRi'DLE, n. [Sax. bridl, or bridel.] 1. The instrument with 
which a horse is governed and restrained by a rider. 2. 
Any thing that restrains or checks. 3. A short piece of 
cable well served, attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a 
harbor, and the upper end drawn into a ship and secured 
to the bitts. — Syn. A check ; restraint. 

BRi'DLE, v. t. 1. To put on a bridle. — 2. Figuratively, to 
hold in, as with a bridle ; as, to bridle faction. — Syn. To 
check ; restrain ; curb ; govern ; control ; repress ; master ; 
subdue. 

BRi'DLE, v. i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin. 

BRl'DLE-HAND, n. The hand which holds the bridle in 
riding. — Sidney. 

BRi'DLE-WaY, n. A path for travelers on horseback. 

BRl'DLED, pp. Having a bridle on ; restrained. 

BRI'DLER, n. One who bridles ; one who restrains and 
governs. 

BRl'DLING, ppr. 1. Putting on a bridle ; restraining ; curb- 
ing. 2. Holding up the head, and drawing in the chin. 

BRID-OON', n. A light snaffle or bit of a bridle, in addition 
to the principal bit, having a distinct rein. 

BRIEF, a. [Fr. bref; L. brevis.] Short; concise; it is used 
chiefly of language, discourses, writings, and time. 

BRIEF, n. 1. An epitome ; a short or concise writing. — In 
modem times, an apostolical brief is a letter which the pope 
dispatches to a prince, or other magistrate, relating to pub- 
lic affairs. — 2. In law, an abridgment of a client's case, 
made out'for the instruction of council on a trial at law. 
Also, a writ, summoning a man to answer to any action. 

3. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a 
collection or charitable contribution of money in churches 
for any public or private purpose. — Brande. 4. A sum- 
mation in writing. 

BRieF'LESS, a. Having no brief. 

BRIEFLY, adv. Concisely ; in few words. 

BRIeF'NESS, a. Shortness; brevity; conciseness in dis- 
course or writing. 

BRT'ER, n. [Sax. br<zr ; Ir. briar.] 1, In a general sense, a 
prickly plant or shrub. — 2. In a limited sense, the sweet- 
brier and the wild-brier, species of the rose. 

BRl'ERED (bri'erd), a. Set with briers. 

BRl'ER-Y, a. Full of briers ; rough ; thorny. 

BRi'ER-Y, n. A place where briers grow. — Huloet. 

BRIG, the termination of names, signifies a bridge, or per- 
haps, in some cases, a town, or burg. 

BRIG, n. [from brigantine.] A vessel with two masts, 
square rigged, or rigged nearly like a ship's mainmast and 
foremast. 

BRI-GaDE', n. [Ft.] A party or division of troops, or sol- 



diers, whether cavalry or infantry, regular or militia, com 
manded by a brigadier. — A brigade of artillery consists of 
six pieces, with usually about 140 men. — A brigade of sap- 
pers consists of eight men. 

BRI-GIDE', v. t. To form into a brigade, or into brigades. 

BRI-GaDE'-Ma'JOR, n. An officer appointed by the briga- 
dier, to assist him in the management and ordering of his 
brigade. 

BRI-GiD'ED, pp. Formed into a brigade. 

BRIG-A-DIeR, n. [Ft.] The general officer who command? 
a brigade, whether of horse or foot, and in rank next be- 
low a major-general ; commonly called brigadier-general. 

BRI-GaD'ING, ppr. Forming into a brigade. 

BRIG'AND, n. [Fr.] A robber ; a freebooter ; a lawless fel- 
low, who lives by plunder. 

BRIG'AND-AgE, n. The employment of a brigand ; rob- 
bery; plunder. 

BRIG'AN-DlNE, n. Anciently, a coat of mail. 

BRIG'AN-TlNE, n. [Fr. brigantin.] See Brig. 

BRIGHT (brite), a. [Sax. beorht, briht, byrht, or bryht.] 1. 
Full of light and splendor. 2. Having the quality of clear- 
ness and transparency ; as, the brigfu wine. 3. Manifest 
to the mind, as light is to the eyes. 4. Resplendent with 
charms. 5. Bluminated with science ; sparkling with wit 
6. Illustrious ; glorious ; as, the brightest period of a na- 
tion's history. — 7. In popular langxtage, ingenious ; pos- 
sessing an active mind. 8. Promising good or success. 9. 
Sparkling ; animated ; as, bright eyes. — Syn. Shining , splen- 
did ; luminous ; brilliant ; resplendent ; effulgent ; reful- 
gent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; 
transparent ; translucent ; limpid. 

BRIGHT-BURN-ING, a. Burning with a bright flame 

BRiGHT'-EyED (britelde), a. Having bright eyes. 

BRIGHT-HaIRED, a. Having bright hair. 

BRlGHT-HuED, a. Having a bright color. 

BRlGHT'-HXR'NESSED, a. Having glittering armor. 

BRIGHT'-SHIN-ING, a. Shining with splendor. 

BRIGHTEN (bri'tn) v. t. 1. To make bright or brighter , 
to make to shine ; to increase lustre. 2. To make lumi- 
nous by light from without, or by dispelling gloom. 3. 
To cheer; to make gay or cheerful. 4. To make illus- 
trious, or more distinguished. 5. To make acute or witty. 

BRIGHTEN (bri'tn), v. i. 1. To grow bright, or more 
bright ; to clear up. 2. To become less dark or gloomy. 

BRIGHTENED, pp. Made bright or more bright. 

BRIGHT-EN-ING, ppr. Making bright or brighter. 

BRIGHTLY (britely), adv. Splendidly; with lustre. 

BRIGHTNESS (brite'-nes), n. 1. The state of being brignt, 
splendid, or clear. 2. Acuteness, applied to the faculties , 
sharpness of wit. — Syn. Splendor ; lustre ; radiance ; re- 
splendence ; brilliancy ; effulgence ; glory ; clearness ; 
transparency. 

f BRI-GoSE', a. Contentious.— Fuller. 

BRi'GUE (breeg), n. [Fr. brigue.] A cabal; intrigue; fac- 
tion; contention. — Chesterfield. [Little used.] 

BRi'GUE (breeg), w.i To canvass ; to solicit. [Little used.] 

BRlGE/TNG, ppr. Canvassing; soliciting. — Swift. 

BRILL, n. A fish somewhat resembling the turbot, and 
much esteemed in England as food. 

BRILL1AN-CY, n. Splendor; glitter; great brightness. 

BRIL-LANT'E (bril-lanfe), a. [It.] In music, in a gay and 
lively manner. 

BRILLIANT (bril'-yant), a. [Fr. brillant.] 1. Sparkling with 
lustre ; glittering. 2. Splendid ; shining ; as, a brilliant 
achievement. 

BRILLIANT, n. 1. A diamond of the finest cut, formed 
into a number of facets, so as to reflect the light, by which 
it is rendered more glittering. It has a face or flat table 
in the middle on the top, and is thus distinguished from a 
rose diamond, which comes off* to a point. 2. In the mar 
nege, a hic;h-spirited horse, with a stately carriage. 

BRILL'IANT-LY, adv. Splendidly.— Warton. 

BRILL'IANT-NESS, n. Brilliancy; splendor; glitter. 

BRILLS, n. The hair on the eyelids of a horse. 

BRIM, w. [Sax. brymm.] 1. The rim, Up, or broad bordei ol 
any vessel or other thing. 2. The upper edge of a vessel 
whether broad or not. 3. The top of any liquor ; the edge, 
or that next the border at the top. 4. The edge or brink 
of a fountain ; the verge. 

t BRIM, a. [Sax. bryme.] Public ; well-known ; celebrated. 

BRIM, v. t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top. 

BRIM, v. i. To be full to the brim.— Philips. 

BRIMTUL, a. Full to the top ; completely full ; as, a glass 
brimful. 

f BRIM'FUL-NESS, n. Fullness to the top.— Shak. 

BRIM'LESS, a. Having no brim. — Addison. 

BRIM'MER, n, A bowl full to the toy.— Dryden. 

BRIM'MING, a. Full to the top or brim.— Dryden. 

BRIM'SToNE, n. [Sax. bryne and stone, burn-stone.] Sul 
phur ; a hard, brittle, inflammable substance, of a lemon 
yellow color. 

BRIM'STONY , a. Full of brimstone, or containing it , ro 
sembling brimstone ; sulphurous. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, k, i, &c, short.— FAR, FAL L. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5VE, BOOK. 



BR1 



127 



BRO 



SRIN'DED, a. [It brinato.] Marked with spots ; tabby ; 
having different colors. — Milton. 

BRIN'DLE, n The state of being brindled ; spottedness. — 
Richardson. 

BRINDLED, a. Spotted; variegated with spots of differ- 
ent colors. — Addison. 

BRlNE, n. [Sax. bryne.] 1. Water saturated or strongly- 
impregnated with salt. 2. The ocean or sea. 3. Tears, 
so called from their saltness. 

BRlNE, v. t. To steep in brine, as corn to prevent smut ; 
also, to mix salt with. — Encyc. 

BRINE'-PAN, n. A pit of salt water, where, by the action 
of the sun, salt is formed by crystallization. 

BRlNE -PIT, n. A salt spring or well, from which water is 
taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt 

BRlNE'-SPRING, n. A spring of salt water. 

BRING, v. t.; pret and pp. brought. [Sax. bringan.] 1. To 
fetch ; to bear, convey, or lead from a distant to a nearer 
place, or to a person. 2. To produce ; to procure as a 
cause ; as, wealth brings care. 3. To attract or draw 
along. 4. To cause to come. 5. To cause to come to a 
point, by moral influence. The primary sense is, to lead, 
draw, or cause to come ; the sense of conveying or bearing 
is secondary. Its use is extensive, and, in general, it im- 
plies motion from a place remote, either in a literal or 
figurative sense. — To bring back, is to recall, implying 
previous departure, either in a literal or figurative sense. 
-To bring about, to bring to pass ; to effect ; to accom- 
plish ; to bring to the desired issue. — To bring forth, is to 
produce, as young or fruit : also, to bring to Hght ; that 
is, to make manifest ; to disclose. — To bring forward, to 
cavse to advance ; to produce to view. — To bring in, to 
import ; to introduce ; to place in a particular condition ; 
to collect things dispersed ; to reduce ; to produce, as in- 
I'ome, rent, or revenue ; to induce to join, &c. — To bring 
of, to bear or convey from a distant place ; also, to pro- 
cure to be acquitted ; to clear from condemnation ; to 
tause to escape. — To bring on. to cause to begin ; as, to 
bring on an action , also, to originate or cause to exist ; 
also, to bear or convey from a distance ; also, to attend, 
or to aid in advancing. — To bring over, to bear across ; 
also, to convert ; to draw to a new party ; to cause to 
change sides, or an opinion. — To bring out, to expose ; to 
detect; to bring to light from concealment. — To bring 
under, is to subdue ; to repress ; to restrain ; to reduce 
to obedience ; also, to bring beneath any thing. — To bring 
up, to nurse ; to educate ; to instruct ; to feed and clothe ; 
to introduce to practice ; to cause to advance near ; to 
bear or convey upward. — In navigation, to cast anchor. — 
To bring down, to cause to come down ; also, to humble 
or abase. — Tb bring to, in navigation, to check the course 
of a ship, by arranging the sails in such a manner that 
they shall counteract each other, and keep her nearly 
stationary. 

BRING'ER n. Ont> who brings, or conveys to. — Bringer 
in, the person who introdue ~s. — Bringer up, an instruct- 
or ; one who feeds, clothas, and educates ; also, one who 
is in the rear of an armf. 

BRINGING, ppr. Bearing to ; conveying ; persuading ; 
causing to come. 

BRINGING FoRTH, n. Prodi 'Hon.— Shah. 

BRlN'ISH, a. Like brine ; salt ; somewhat salt ; saltish. 

BRIN'ISH-NESS, n. Saltness ; the nua^ty of being saltish. 

BRINK, n. [Dan., Sw. brink.] The edge, margin, or border 
of a steep place, as of a precipice. 

BRlN'Y (bri'ne), a. Pertaining to brine, a- U. -he sea ; par- 
taking of the nature of brine ; salt 

Bftl'O-NY. See Bkyony. 

BRrSK, a. [W. brysg.] 1. Full of life and spirfc ; applied to 
persons. 2. Full of spirit or life ; effervescing, as hquors. 
3. Lively ; burning freely ; as, a brisk fire. 4. VivH ; 
bright ; [not used.] — Syn. Active ; lively ; agile ; a!ei\ 
nimble ; quick ; sprightly ; prompt ; vivacious ; gay. 

f- BRISK, v.t. To make brisk. 

BRISK'-LOOK-ING, a. Having a lively look. 

BRISK UP, v. t. To make lively ; to enliven ; to animate. 

BRISK UP, v. i. To come up with lite and speed ; to take 
an erect, or bold attitude. 

BRISK'ET, n. [qu. Fr. brechet] The breast of an animal ; 
or that part of the breast that lies next to the ribs. 

BRISKLY, adv. Actively ; vigorously ; with fife and spirit. 

BRISK'NESS. n. Liveliness ; vigor in action ; quickness ; 
gayety ; vivacity ; effervescence of hquors. 

BRISTLE (bris'sl), n. [Sax. bristl.] 1. The stiff, glossy hair 
of swine, especially that growing on the back, used for 
making brashes ; similar hair on other animals. 2. A spe- 
cies of pubescence on plants, in form of stiff, roundish hair. 

BRIS'TLE, v. t. 1. To erect in bristles ; to erect in defiance 
or anger, like a swine. — Shak. 2. To fix a bristle. 

BRIS'TLE, v. i. 1. To rise or stand erect 2. To raise the 
head and strut, as in anger or defiance. In this sense the 
word is common in the United States, but generally pro- 
nounced brus'l. 



BRISTLE-ARMED, a. Armed with bristles.— Kirby. 

BRISTLE-BE 1R-ING, a. Having bristles.— Kirby. 

BRISTLE-LIKE, a. Stiff as a bristle. 

BRISTLE-SHIPED (-shapt), a. Of the thickness and 
length of a bristle. — Martyn. 

BRISTLED (bris'sld), pp. or a. Raised in bristles; fur 
nished with bristles. 

BRISTLING (brisling), ppr. Rising in bristles. 

BRISTLY (brisly), a. Thick set with bristles, or with 
hairs like bristles ; rough. — Bacon. 

BRISTOL-FLOW-ER, n. A species of lychnis. 

BRISTOL-SToNE, > n. A term applied to small, brill- 

BRISTOL-DI'A-MOND, 5 iant pieces of quartz, or rock- 
crystal, found in the vicinity of Bristol, England, and used 
as ornaments. 

BRISTOL-WATER, n. The water of a warm spring, near 
the city of Bristol, in England. 

BRIT, n. A small fish of the herring kind. 

BRI-TAN'NI- A, n. A metallic compound, or alloy, consisting 
chiefly of block-tin, with some antimony, and a small pro- 
portion of copper and brass. 

BRI-TAN'NI€, a. Pertaining to Britain ; or, in its present 
use, to Great Britain. 

BRlTE, ) v. i. To be or become over-ripe, as wheat bar- 

BRIGHT, j ley, or hops. 

BRITISH, a. Pertaining to Great Britain or its inhabitants. 
It is sometimes applied to the language of the Welsh. 

BRITISH GUM, n. A gum made from starch, used for 
stiffening goods. 

BRIT'ON, n. A native of Britain. 

BRIT'ON, a. British.— Spenser. 

BRITTLE, a. [Sax. brittan.] Easily broken, or easily break- 
ing short, without splinters, or loose parts, rent from the 
substance ; fragile ; not tough or tenacious. 

BR1TTLE-LY, adv. In a brittle manner. 

BRITTLE-NESS, n. Aptness to break ; fragility ; opposed 
to toughness and tenacity. 

BRITZ'SKA, In. A long carriage with a calash top, and so 

BRITCH'KA, 3 constructed as to enable travelers to re- 
cline at their length by night, when on a journey. — Smart. 

BRlZE, n. The gad-fly. See Breeze. 

BRoACH, n. [Fr. broche.] 1. A spit, and, in some parts of 
the English dominions, an awl, and a bodkin. 2. A mu- 
sical instrument. 3. A clasp or small utensil to fasten a 
vest [See Brooch.] 4. A start of the head of a young 
stag. 5. A candle-rod. — Hebert. 

BRoACH, v. t. [W. prociaw.] 1. To spit ; to pierce, as with 
a spit 2. To trap ; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw 
the liquor ; hence, to let out. 3. To open, as a store 
[unusual.] 4. To utter ; to give out ; to publish first ; to 
make public what was before unknown. — To broach to, in 
navigation, to incline suddenly to windward. 

BROACHED (brocht), pp. Spitted; tapped; opened; ut- 
tered ; first published. 

BRoACH'ER, n. A spit ; one who broaches, opens, or ut- 
ters ; a first publisher. — Dryden. 

BRo A CH'ING, ppr. Piercing with a spit ; tapping ; first di- 
vulging. 

BROAD (brawd), a. [Sax. brad.] 1. Extended in breadth, 
or from side to side. 2. Extended in all directions ; as, 
the broad earth. 3. Not hemmed in, confined or con- 
cealed ; as, in broad day. 4. Not restrained by delicacy ; 
coarse ; gross ; as, broad humor. 5. Not restricted in 
sense or application ; as, a broad statement. — It is as broad 
as it is long, means it is equal on the whole. — Syn. Wide ; 
large ; ample ; extensive ; vast ; comprehensive ; vulgar ; 
coarse ; obscene. 

BROAD'-AX (brawd'-ax), n. Formerly, a military weapon. 
In modern usage, an ax for hewing timber. 

BROAD'-BACKED (-bakt), a. Having a broad back. 

BROAD'-BLoWN, a. Full blown.— Shak. 

BROAD'-BOTTOMED, a. Having a wide bottom. 

BRO AD'-BRE AST-ED, a. Having a broad breast 

BROAD'-BRIMMED, a. Having a broad brim. 

BROAD'CIST, n. Among farmers, a casting or throwing 
seed from the hand for dispersion in sowing. 

BRCAD'-GiST, adv. By scattering or throwing at large 
from the hand. 

BROAD'CIST. a. Cast or dispersed upon the ground with 
the hand, ^s seed in sowing ; opposed to planting in hills 
or rows. 

BR.OAD-CHE&T Ei.. % Having a broad chest or thorax. 

BROAD'-GLOTH, n. a species of woolen cloth, so called 
from its breadth. 

BROAD'-EyED, a. Having a wide view or survey. 

BROAD-FR6NT-ED, a. Having a broad front. 

BROAD'-HeAD-ED, a. Having a broad tead.—Scott. 

BROAD'-HORNED, a. Having wide-spread horn*. 



BROAD'-LeAFED, 
BROAD'-LeAVED, 



a. Having broad leaves. 



BROAD'-MOUTHED, a. Having a wide mouth. Iroi^. 
BROAD'-PIeCE, n. A piece of gold coin, larger and broaa 
er than a guinea 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this . * Obsolete. 



BRO 



128 



BRO 






BROAD'-SeAL, n. The great seal of England ; the public 
seal of a country or state ; [as a verb, not used.\ 

BROAD'-SH5UL'DER.ED, a. Broad across the shoulders. 

BROAD'SlDE, n. 1. A discharge of all the guns on one 
side of a ship, above and below, at the same time. 2. The 
side of a ship, above the water, from the bow to the quar- 
ter. — 3. In printing, a sheet of paper containing one large 
page, or printed on one side only. 

BROAD'-SPReAD (-spred). a. Wide-spread. 

BROAD'-SPReAD-ING, a. Spreading widely.— Shak. 

BROAD'SWoRD (brawd'sord), n. A sword with a broad 
blade and a cutting edge. — Ash. 

BROAD'-TIILiT), a. Having a broad tail.— Sandijs. 

BROADWISE, adv. In the direction of the breadth. 

BROADEN (brawd'dn), v. i. To grow broad. [Unusual] 

BROAD'EN, v. t. To make broad ; to extend in breadth. 

BROAD'ISH, a. Rather broad.— Russel. 

BROAD'LY, adv. In a broad manner. 

BROAD'NESS, n. Breadth; extent from side to side; 
coarseness ; grossness ; fulsomeness. 

BRO-CIDE', n. [Sp. brocado.] Silk stuff", variegated with 
gold and silver, or raised and enriched with flowers, foli- 
age, and other ornaments. 

BRO-CaDE'-SHELL, n. The trivial name of the conus ge- 
ograpkicus. 

BRO-CaD'ED, a. 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with 
gold and silver. 2. Dressed in brocade. 

BRo'CAGE, n. 1. The premium or commission of a broker. 
2. The hire given for any unlawful office. 3. The trade 
of a broker ; a deahng in old things. 4. The business of 
ajjroker. 5. The act of pimping. — Ash. 

BR5'€A-TEL, \ n. [Sp. brocatcl] 1. A calcareous stone. 

BRo-CA-TEL'LO, $ 2. A kind of coarse brocade, used 
chiefly for tapestry. 

BROG'CO-Li, n. [It. broccolo.] A sub-variety of the cauli- 
flower, having the head of a dark-green or purple color. 

BROCH'AN-TlTE, n. [from Brochant de Villiers.) A basic 
sulphate of copper occurring in emerald-green crystals. 

BRoCHE. The true, but not the common, orthography of 
broach. 

BROCK, n. [Sax. broc] A badger. 

BROCK'ET, n. A red deer two years old. Bailey writes 
this brock or brocket. The French write it brocard. 

BRoD'E-KIN, n. [Fr. brodequin.] A buskin or half boot. 

BRo'GANS, n. pi. Stout, coarse shoes. See Brogue. 

\ BROG'GLE, v. i. To fish for eels. 

BRoGUE (brog), n. [Ir. brog.] 1. A coarse shoe. 2. A cant 
word for a corrupt dialect or manner of pronunciation. 3. 
irogues is used by Shenstone for breeches, from the Irish 
brog. 

BRoGUE'-MIK-ER, n. A maker of brogues. 

\ BROID, v. t. To braid. See Braid. 

BROID'ER, v. t. [Fr. broder.] To adorn with figures of nee- 
dle-work. 

BROID'ER-ER, n. One who embroiders. 

BROID'ER- Y, n. Embroidery ; ornamental needle-work 
wrought upon cloth. — Ticket See Embroider. 

BROIL, n. [Fr. brouillerie.] A noisy quarrel ; discord, ei- 
ther between individuals or in the state. — Syn. Feud ; 
contention ; fray ; affray ; tumult ; altercation ; dissension ; 
discord. 

BROIL, v. t. [Fr. brouiller.] To dress or cook over coals, or 
before the fire. 

BROIL, v. i. To be subjected to the action of heat, like meat 
over the fire ; to be greatly heated, or to sweat with heat. 

BROILED, pp. or a. Cooked or dressed by heat. 

BROIL'ER, n. One who excites broils ; that which dresses 
by broiling. 

BROILTNG, ppr. or a. Cooking over coals ; sweating. 

BR5KE, v. i. [Sax. brucan.] To transact business for an- 
other in trade. 

BRoKE, pret. and pp. of break. 

BRo'KiJN (brolm), pp. or a., from break. Parted by vio- 
lence ; rent asunder ; infirm ; made bankrupt. 

BRo'K.EN-BACK.ED (bro'kn-bakt), a. A broken-backed ship 
is one which is so weakened in her frame as to droop at 
each end. 

BRo'K_EN-BEL-LI.ED, a. Having a ruptured belly. 

BRo'KEN-HEaRT-ED, a. Having the spirits depressed or 
crushed by_grief or despair. 

BRo'KEN-MkAT, n. Meat that has been cut up ; frag- 
ments. — Swift. 

BRo'KJSN-WIND, n. A disease in the lungs of horses, lead- 
ing to the necessity of two expirations for one inspiration. 
— Farm. Encyc. 

BRo'KEN-WIND'ED, a. Having short breath, as a horse. 

BRo'KEN-LY, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner ; 
without a regular series. — Hakewill. 

BRo'KEN-NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; uneven- 
ness. 2. Contrition. 

BRo'KER, n. 1. An agent or negotiator, who is employed 
by merchants to transact business. 2. One who deals in 
old household goods. 3. A pimp or procurer. — Shak. 



BRo'KER-AgE, n. 1. The business or employment ol a 
broker. — Burke. 2. The fee, reward, or commission given 
or charged for transacting business as a broker. 

BRo'KER-LY, a. Mean ; servile. — Jonson. 

f BRo'KER- Y, n. The business of a broker.— Hall. 

BRo'KING ppr. Pertaining to, or practiced by brokers. 

BRo'MAL, n. A fluid formed from bromine and alcohol. 

BRo'MATE, it. A compound of bromic acid with a base. 

BR5ME, n. [Gr. (IpuuoS.) See Bromine. 

BRoME'-GRaSS, n. A name common to many species of 
coarse grass, of little value as fodder. 

BRo'MIG ACID, n. An acid compound of bromine and 
oxygen. 

BRo'MID, n. A compound of bromine with a metallic or 
combustible base. 

BRo'MINE, n. [Gr. j3piofios-] An elementary acidifying and 
basifying substance, found in sea- water and marine pio- 
ductions. It is a deep-red fluid, very offensive in smell. 

BRONCH'I-AL, a. [Gr. fipoyxoS ■] Belonging to the bronchia, 
or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs. 

BRONCH'IC, a. The same as bronchial. 

BRONCHI A ' \ n ' pi ' The rarmfications of tiie trachea in 

BRONCHI, ' $ the lun § 9 - 

BRONCH-i'TIS, n. An inflammation of some part of the 

bronchial membrane. 
BRONCH'O-CeLE, n. [Gr. (Ipoyxos and x^Ar?.] An enlarged 

thyroid gland ; a tumor on the fore part of the neck, caSed 

goiter ; the Derbyshire neck. 



BRONCH-OPH'O-NY, n. [Gr. (IpoyxoS and <pu>w] In med- 
" ' i in the bronchial I 
occurring only in certain diseases. 



icine, the sound of the voice audible in the bronchial tubes , 



BRONCH-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. (IpoyxoS and tow] An incision 
into the wind-pipe or larynx, between the rings ; called, 
also, tracheotomy. 

BRONCHUS, n. [L. from Gr. fipoyxoS-] The wind-pipe. 

BROND, n. A sword. See Brand. 

BRON-TOL'O-gY, n. [Gr. (jpovrn and Xoyos.] A discourse 
or dissertation upon thunder. 

* BRONZE (bronze or bronze), n. [Fr. bronze.] 1. A com- 
pound of copper and tin, to which other metallic sab- 
stances are sometimes added, especially zinc. 2. A co^r 
prepared for the purpose of imitating bronze. — 3. Among 
antiquaries, any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece 
of sculpture, which the ancients made of bronze. 4. Any 
statue or bust cast of bronze. — 5. Among medalists, any 
copper medal. 

* BRONZE, v. t. 1. To imitate bronze, by means of copper- 

dust or leaf fastened on the outside. 2. To harden. 3. 
To make of the color of bronze. 

* BR5NZ'i?D, pp. or a. Made to resemble bronze ; browned. 

* BR5NZ'ING, ppr. Imitating bronze ; turning to the color 
of bronze. 

x BR5NZ1NG, n. The act or art of imitating bronze 
BR5NZTTE, n. A variety of hornblende, having nearly tn& 
lustre of bronze. 

* BRoOCH (broche), n. [Slav, obrutsh.] 1. An ornamental 

utensil for fastening the vest, or the bosom of a shirt. 2. 
A jewel. — 3. With painters, a painting all of one color. 

BRoOCH, v. t. To adorn or furnish with brooches or jew- 
els. — Shak. 

BROOD, v. i. [Sax. hrod n I To sit on and cover, as a fowl 
on her eggs. 2. To sit on ; to spread over, as with wings. 

3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous thought 

4. To mature any thing with care. 

BROOD, v. t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish. 2. To 

cherish ; as, to brood sorrow. — Dryden. 
BROOD, n. [Sax. brod.] 1. Offspring; progeny. 2. A hatch; 

the young birds hatched at once. 3. That which is bred ; 

species generated ; that which is produced. 4. The act 

of covering the eggs, or of brooding. — Shak.; [unusual] 
BROOD'-MaRE, n. A mare kept for breeding. 
BROOD'ED, pp. Covered with the wings ; cherished. 
BROODING, ppr. Sitting on ; covering and warming ; 

dwelling on with anxiety. 
BROOD'Y, a. In a state of sitting on eggs for hatching ; in- 
clined to sit. — Ray. [Unusual.] 
BROOK, n. [Sax. broc, or brooc] A small natural stream 

of water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain 

less than a river. 
BROOK, v. t. [Sax. brucan.] Literally, to chew or digest 

To bear ; to endure ; to support. — Dryden 
t BROOK, v. i. To endure.— Sidney. 
BROOK'-LlME, n. A plant. 
BROOK'-MINT, n. The water mint. 
BROOK-WEED, n. A plant ; water pimpernel. 
BROOK'LET, n. A small brook. 
BROOK'Y, a. Abounding with brooks. — Dyer. 
BROOM, n. [Sax. brum.] 1. A branched evergreen shrub, 

with yellow flowers, and growing on sandy soils. — Brands. 

2. A besom, or brush with a long handle, for sweeping 

floors. 
BROOM. See Bream. 



See Synopsis, a, e, T, &c, long.—L, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ,— PRE Y ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BQOK, 



BRO 



129 



BRU 



dK.00M'-C0RN, n. A species of Guineacorn, bearing a 

head, of which brooms are made. 
BROOM'-LAND, n. Land producing broom. 
BROOM'-R-aPE, n. A plant, orobanche, or strangle-weed, a 

genus of "British perennial epiphyte plants. 
BROOMING a ship. See Bream. 

BROOM'STaFF, \n. The staff or handle of a broom.— 
BROOM'STICK, 5 Swift. 
BROOM'Y. (i. Full of broom; containing broom. 

BRo'SEN, a. Burned. — Craven dialect. [Not used.] 
BROTH, n. [Sax. broth.] 1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled 
and macerated. 2. In America, the word is often applied 
to foaming water, or snow and water mingled ; as, snow- 
broth. 

BROTHEL, n. [Fr. bordel.] A house of lewdness ; a house 
appropriated to the purposes of prostitution ; a bawdy- 
house ; a stew. 

BROTHEL-HOUSE, n. A brothel. 

BROTH'EL-ER, n. One who frequents brothels. 

BROTH'EL-RY, n. Lewdness ; obscenity. 

BROTHER (brufh'er), n. ; pi. Brothers, or Brethren. 
[Goth, brothar ; Sax. brother. — The common plural is 
brothers ; in the solemn style, brethren is used.] 1. A hu- 
man male, born of the same father and mother. 2. Any 
one closely united ; as, a band of brothers. 3. One who 
resembles another in manners. — In Scripture, the term 
brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote 
than a son of the same parents. Persons of the same 
profession call each other brother. — In a more general sense, 
brother, or brethren, is used for man in general. — Brother- 
German is a brother by the father's and mother's side, in 
contradistinction to a uterine brother, or one by the 
mother only. 

BRoTHER-IN-LAW, n. The brother of a husband orwife ; 
also, a sister's husband. 

BRoTH'ER-LiKE, a. Becoming a brother.— Shale. 

BR6THER-L6VE, n. Brotherly affection.— Shalt. 

BR6THER-HOOD, ii. 1. The state or quality of being a 
brother. 2. An association of men for any purpose, as a 
society of monks ; a fraternity. 3. A class of men of the 
same kind, profession, or occupation. 

BR6THER-LESS, a. Without a brother.— Shale. 

BR6THER-LI-NESS, n. State of being brotherly. 

BR6TH'ER-LY (bruth'er-le), a. Pertaining to brothers ; 
such as is natural for brothers ; becoming brothers ; kind ; 
affectionate. Shakspeare uses this word as an adverb. " I 
speak but brotherly." 

BROUGHT (brawt), pret. end pp. of bring: See Bring. 

BROW, n. [Sax. braw, bruwa.] 1. The prominent ridge 
over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit. — To knit 
the brows, is to frown. 2. The hair that covers the brow, 
forming an arch, called the eye-brow. 3. The forehead. 
Hence, the general air of the countenance. 4. The edge 
of a steep place, as the brink of a river or precipice. 5. A 
fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a field. — Mason. 

BROW, v. t. To bound; to limit.— Milt on. 

BROW-ANT-LER, n. The first shoot that grows on a 
deer's horn, or the branch of a deer's hom next the head. 

BROW-PoST, n. Among builders, a beam that goes across 
a building. — Encyc. 

t BROW-SICK, a. Dejected ; hanging the head. 

BROWBEAT, v. t. To depress or bear down with haugh- 
ty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic as- 
sertions^ 

BROWBEAT- EN (brow^e-th), pp. Overborne by impu- 
dence. 

BRO WBE ATTN G, ppr. Overbearing with severe brows, 
stf ra looks, or positive assertions. 

BRO WBeAT-ING, n. A bearing down with stern looks, 
supercilious manners, or confident assertions. 

BRCWBOUND, a. Crowned; having the head encircled 
as with a diadem. — Shak. 

BROWED (browd), a. Formed into a border. 

BKOWLESS, a. Without shame.— Addison. 

BRO VVN, a. [Sax. brun.] Dusky ; of a dark or dusky col- 
or, inclining to redness ; but the shades are various. Brown 
results from a mixture of red, black, and yellow. 

BROWN, v. t. 1. To make brown or dusky. 2. To give a 
bright brown color to articles of iron, as gun-barrels, by 
forming a thin coat of oxyd on their surface. 

BROWN'-BILL, n. A weapon formerly used by the Eng- 
lish foot-soldiers. 

BROWN'-€oAL, n. Wood coal or lignite, which see. 

BROWN'-SPaR, n. A magnesian carbonate of lime, tinged 
by oxyd of iron and manganese. 

BROWN'-STOUT, n. A superior kind of porter. 

BROWN'-STUD-Y, n. Gloomy study ; dull thoughtfulness. 

BROWN'-W6kT, n. 1. A plant, prunella. 2. A species of 
scrophularia, the vernalis. 

8ROWN1E (brown'e), n. In Scottish superstitions, a good- 
natured spirit, who was supposed often to perform im- 
portant services around the house by night, such as thrash- 
ing, churning, &c. 



BROWNING, n. The act of giving a brown color, *>sp« 

cially to articles of iron, as gun-barrels. 
BROWNISH, a. Somewhat brown. 
BROWN'ISM, n. The doctrines of the Brownists. 
BROWN'IST, n. A follower of Robert Brown, who held 
that each local church has the power to govern itself, and 
is absolutely independent of every other church. 
BROWN'NESS, n. A brown color.— Sidney. 
tBROWN'Y, a. Brown.— Shak. 
BROWSE (browz), v. t. [Gr. (JpuxrKU).] To eat the ends ot 

branches of trees and shrubs, or the young shoots. 
BROWSE', v. i. To feed on the tender branches or shoots 
of shrubs and trees, as cattle. 

BROWSE (brows), n. The tender branches or twigs of 
trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals. 

BROWSE'-WOOD, n. Shrubs and bushes on which ani- 
mals browse. 

BROWSING, ppr. Feeding on branches, shrubs, or shoota 
of trees. 

BRu'CI-NA, \ n. A vegetable alkaloid, extracted from the 

BRu'CINE, j bark of the false angustura. 

BRu'CITE, n. A native hydrate of magnesia, a white, 
pearly mineral, having a thin, foliated structure, like talc. 
It was first found at Hoboken, New Jersey, and named in 
America in honor of A. Bruce, Esq. This name has also 
been given by mineralogists to the chondrodite of Berzelius. 

BRuTN, ii. A name given to a bear. — Pope's Dunciad. 

BRuISE (briize), v. t. [Sax. brysan.] To crush by beating 
or pounding with an instrument not edged or pointed. — 
Syn. To break ; crush , pound ; squeeze. 

BRuISE, n. A contusion ; a hurt upon the flesh of animals, 
upon plants or other bodies, with a blunt or heavy instru- 
ment. 

BRuISJD (bruzd), pp. or a. Crushed ; hurt or broken by a 
blunt or heavy instrument. 

BRuIS'ER, ii. 1. A concave tool for grinding the specula oi 
telescopes. — 2. In vulgar language, a boxer. 

BRuISE'WORT, n. A plant, comfrey. 

BRuISTNG, ppr. or a. Crushing ; breaking or wounding by 
a blunt or heavy instrument. 

BRuIS'ING, ii. In popular language, a beating or boxing. 

BRuIT (brute), n. [Fr.] Report ; rumor ; fame. 

t BRuIT, v. t. To report ; to noise abroad. 

BRUITED, pp. Reported. 

BRUITING, ppr. Reporting. 

BRu'MAL, n. [L. bruma.] Belonging to the winter. — Brown. 

BRUME, n. [Fr. brume.] Mist ; fog ; vapors. — Barlow. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

t BRUN, \n. A river or stream. [Burn is still used in Scot 

t BURN, 5 land.] 

BRU-NETTE', n. [Fr.] A woman with a brown or dark 
complexion. 

BRUN'ION (brun'yon), n. [Fr. brugnon.] A sort of fruit be- 
tween a plum and a ueach. 

BRUNSWICK GREEN. A compound of one part of chloride 
of copper and three parts of oxyd of copper, forming a 
color used for various purposes in the arts. 

BRUNT, n. [Dan. brynde, and brunst.] 1. The heat, or ut- 
most violence of an onset ; the strength or violence oi 
any contention. 2. The force of a blow ; violence ; shock 
of any kind. 3, A sudden effort. 

BRUSH, n. [Fr. brosse.] 1. An instrument for cleaning any 
thing of dust and dirt by light rubbing. 2. The larger 
pencils used by painters. 3. Branches octrees lopped off;, 
brushwood ; a sense common in the United States. 4. The; 
small trees and shrubs of a wood ; or a thicket of smalT 
trees. — Encyc. 5. A skirmish; a slight encounter; also, 
an assault ; a shock, or rude treatment, from collision. — 6. 
In electricity, the luminous appearance of electric matter. 
7. A bushy tail ; as, the brush of a fox. 

BRUSH, v. t. 1. To sweep or rub with a brush. 2.. To 
strike, as with a brush ; to strike lightly, by passing over 
the surface, without injury or impression. 3. To paint 
with a brush. 4. With off, to remove by brushing. 5; To 
move as a brush ; to pass over with a fight contact. 

BRUSH, v. i. 1. To move nimbly in haste; to move so 
lightly as scarcely to be perceived. 2. To move or skim • 
over, with a slight contact, or without much impression. 

BRUSH'-WHEELS, n. pi. Wheels which move each other 
without coggs. The rubbing surfaces are often covered 
with stiff hairs ; sometimes with woolen cloth, or buff 
leather. 

BRUSHED (brusht), pp. Rubbed with a brush; struck 
lightly. 

BRUSHER, n. One who brusnes. 

BRUSH'ET. See Bitsket. 

BRUSHING, ppr. Sweeping or rubbing with a brush ; strik- 
ing gently ; moving nimbly in haste ; skimming over 
lightly. 

BRUSHING, a. Brisk ; light.— Encyc. 

BRUSH'LlKE, a. Resembling a brush.— Asiat. Res. 

BRUSHWOOD, n. Brush; a thicket or coppice of smaL 
trees and shrul s ; also, branches of trees cut off. — Dryden 



D6VE -.—BULL, UNITE -AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
I 



BUG 



130 



BUD 



BRUSHY, a. Kesemblinga brush; rough; shaggy; having 

long hair. — Boyle. 
BRUSK, a. [Fr. brusque.] Rude; rough. — Wotton 
BRUS'SELS-SPROUTS, n. pi. A delicate variety of cab- 
bage. They are small green heads, each a cabbage in mini- 
ature, of one or two inches in diameter, which sprout forth 
from an upright stem or stalk. — Encyc. of Bom. Econ. 
BRUSTLE (brus'sl), v. i. [Sax. brastlian.] To crackle ; to 
make a small crackling noise ; to rustle, as a silk garment ; 
to vapor, as a bully. 
BRUSTLING, ppr. Crackling; rustling; vaporing. 

BRUT, v. i. [Fr. broutcr.] To browse. — Evelyn. 
BRUTAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a brute. 2. Unfeeling, like a 
brute.— -Syn. Savage ; cruel ; inhuman ; brutish ; merci- 
less ; barbarous. 
BRU-TAL'I-TY, n. Inhumanity; savageness ; churlishness; 

insensibility to pity or shame. 
BRu'TAL-lZE, v. t. To make brutal, churlish, or inhuman. 
BRu'TAL-lZE, v. i. To become brutal, inhuman, or coarse 

and beastly. — Addison. 
BRu'TAL-LY, adv. Cruelly ; inhumanly ; in a coarse, churl- 
ish, or brutal manner. — Arbuthnot. 
BRuTE, a. [Fr. brut.] 1. Senseless ; unconscious. 2. Ir- 
rational ; ferine. 3. Bestial ; in common with beasts. 4. 
Rough; uncivilized; insensible. 

BR0TE, n. 1. A beast; any animal destitute of reason. 
2. A brutal person ; a savage in heart or manners ; a low- 
bred, unfeeling man. 

f BRuTE, v. t., for bruit, to report. 

BRuTE'LY, adv. In a rude manner. — Milton. 

\ BRuTE NESS, n. Brutality.— Spenser. 

BRC'TI-Fy, v. t. To make a person a brute ; to make 
less, stupid, or unfeeling. — Congreve. 

BRUTISH, a. 1. Like a brute or beast, in respect to mind 
or feeling ; hence, characterized by ignorance or cruelty. 
-Syn. Ignorant ; untaught ; insensible ; stupid ; unfeel- 
ing ; savage ; cruel ; brutal ; barbarous ; inhuman ; fero- 
cious ; gross ; carnal ; sensual ; bestial. 

BRfJTISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a brute; grossly; ir- 
rationally ; stupidly ; savagely. 

BRu'TISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; insensibility ; brutality ; 
savageness ; the qualities of a brute. 

BRu'TISM, n. The nature and characteristic qualities of a 
brute. 

t BRUTTING, n. Browsing. 

BRU'TUM FUL'MEN. [L.] A loud but harmless threat- 
ening. 

BRY'O-NlNE, n. An alkaloid obtained from white bryony, 
one of the most virulent vegetable poisons. 

BRY'O-NY, n. [L. bryonia.] White jalap, the popular name 
of a genus of plants of several species. — Black bryony is 
the popular name of a genus of plants called tamus. 

BUB, n. A cant word for strong malt liquor. — Prior. 

f BUB, v. t. To throw out in bubbles. — Sackville. 

BUB'BLE, n. [D. bobbel.] 1. A small bladder or vesicle of 
water or other fluid, inflated with air. 2. Any thing that 
wants firmness or solidity ; a vain project ; a fraud. 3. A 
person deceived. 

BUB'BLE, v. i. 1. To rise in bubbles, as liquors when boil- 
ing or agitated. 2. To run with a gurgling noise. 

BUB'BLE, v. t. To cheat ; to deceive or impose on. 

BUB'BLER, n. One who cheats.— Digby. 

BUB'BLING, ppr. or a. Rising in bubbles ; running with a 
gergling sound ; cheating. 

BUB'BLY, a. Abounding in bubbles ; bubbling. 

BUB'BY, n. A woman's breast. — Arbuthnot. 

Bu'BO, n. [Gr. (iov&uv ; L. bubo.] An inflammation, with 
enlargement of a lymphatic gland, particularly in the 
groin or armpit. 

BU-BON'O-CeLE, n. [Gr. (3ov6wv and KrjXn.] Hernia ingui- 
nalis, ot inguinal rupture. 

t BtJ'BU-KLE, n. A red pimple.— Shale. 

BU-BUL'€A, n. A flat fresh-water fish. 

BUC-GA-NEER, 1 n. [Fr. boucaner.] Primarily, a bucca- 

BUC-A-NIER', 5 n eer is said to be one who dries and 
smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The 
name was first given to the French settlers in Hayti or 
Hispanioia, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and 
swine. It was afterward applied to the piratical adven- 
turers, English and French, who combined to make dep- 
redations on the Spaniards in America. 

BUCCAL, a. [L. bucca.] Pertaining to the cheek. 

BUC-CEL-LXTION, n. [L. buccella, buccea.] The act of 
breaking into large pieces. 

BUC-CI-NITQR, n. [L.] A muscle of the cheek used in 
blowing. 

BUC'CI-NAL, a. Trumpet-shaped ; resembling a trumpet. 

BUC'CI-NlTE, n. Fossil remains or petrifactions of the 
shells called buccinum. 

BU-CENT'AUR, n. 1. A mythological beast, half ox, and 
half man. 2. The state barge of Venice. 

BU-CEPHA-LUS, n. 1. The name of Alexander's horse. 
2. An animal of the gazel tribe. 



Bu'CE-ROS, n. The hornbill, or Indian raven. 

BUGH'OL-ZlTE, n. A fibrous mineral of great hardness, 
and a grayish or yellowish color, consisting of silica and 
alumina. 

BUCK, n. [G. bauche, beuche.] 1. Lye in which clothes are 
soaked in the operation of bleaching ; the liquor in which 
clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked or 
washed in lye. 

BUCK, v. t. [G. bewchen.] To soak or steep in lye, a process 
in bleaching ; to wash or steep in lye or suds. 

BUCK, n. [Sax. buc, bucca.] 1. The male of the fallow deer, 
of the goat, the sheep, the rabbit, and hare. 2. A gay, dash 
ing young fellow. 

BUCK, v. i. To copulate as bucks and does. 

BUCK'-BaSK-ET, n. A basket in which clothes are carried 
to the wash. — Shak. 

BUCK'BeAN, n. This is properly bogbean. 

BUGK.ED (buckt), pp. Soaked in lye.— Ash. 

BUCK'ET, n. [Sax. buc] 1. The vessel in which water is 
drawn or carried. — 2. In water-wheels, a term applied to 
cavities on the rim of the wheel, into which the water 
rushes, causing the wheel to revolve. 

BUCK'ET-FUL, n. As much as a bucket will hold. 

BUCK'EfE, n. A tree in the Western States. Hence the 
name given to an inhabitant of Ohio. 

BUCKING, ppr. Soaking in lye, in the process of bleach- 
ing; washing. 

BUCK'ING, n. The act or process of soaking cloth in lye 
for bleaching ; also, the lye or liquor ; a washing. 

BUCK'ING-STOOL, n. A washing block. 

BUCK'ISH, a. Pertaining to a buck, or gay young fellow , 
foppish. — Smart. 

BUCK'LE (buk'l), n. [Fr. boucle.] 1. An instrument made 
of some kind of metal, for fastening together certain parts 
of dress, as the straps of shoes. 2. A curl, or a state of be- 
ing curled or crisped, as hair. — 3. In coats of arms, a token 
of the surety, faith, and service of the bearer. 

BUCK'LE, v. t. 1. To fasten with a buckle, or buckles. 2. 
To prepare for action ; a metaphor, taken from buckling 
on armor. 3. To join in battle. 4. To confine or limit. 

BUCK'LE, v. i. To bend; to bow.— To buckle to, to bend 
to ; to apply with vigor ; to engage with zeal. — To buckle 
in, to close in ; to embrace or seize the body, as in a scuf 
fle ; a popular use in America. — To buckle with, to encounter 
with embrace ; to join in close combat. 

BUCK'LJSD, pp. Fastened with a buckle. 

BUCKLER, n. [W. bwccled.] A kind of shield, or piece of 
defensive armor. 

t BUCK'LER, v. t. To shield ; to defend.— Shak. 

BUCK'LER-HeAD-ED, a. Having a head like a buckler. 

BUCK'LER-THORN, n. Christ's thorn. 

BUCK'LING, n. A fastening by a buckle^ 

BUCKLING, ppr. Fastening with a buckle. 

BUCK'MaST, n. [buck, that is, beach, and mast.] The mast, 
or fruit of the beach-tree. 

BUCK'RAM, n. [Fr. bougran.] A coarse linen cloth, stif- 
fened with glue. 

BUCK'RAM, a. Stiff; precise.— Fulke. 

BUCK'RAMS, n. The same as wild garlic. 

BUCKS'HORN, n. A plant, a species of plantago, or plant- 
ain, called coronopus. 

BUCK'SKIN, n. The skin of a buck. As an adjective, made 
of leather prepared from the skin of a buck. 

BUCK'S TALL, n. A toil or net to take deer. 

BUCKTHORN, n. The popular name of a genus of orna- 
mental shrubs, called rhamnus. The bark and berries of 
some of the species are used in dyeing. 

BUCKWHEAT, n. [D. boek-weit; literally, beech wheat, so 
called from its seed's resembling the beech nut.1 A plant, 
and a species of edible grain ; called, also, brank. 

BU-COL1C, a. [Gr. /?oukoAo?.] Pastoral 

BU-COL'IC, n. 1. A pastoral poem, representing rural af- 
fairs. 2. A writer of pastorals. 

BUD, n. [D. bot.] 1. A gem ; the shoot of a plant ; a small 
protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, contain- 
ing the rudiments of future leaves or a flower. 2. An un- 
expanded flower ; as, the bud of a rose. 

BUD, v. i. 1. To put forth or produce buds or gems ; to 
germinate. 2. To put forth shoots ; to grow as a bud into 
a flower or shoot. 3. To begin to grow, or to issue from 
a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn. 4. To be in 
bloom, or growing like a young plant. 

BUD, v. t. To inoculate a plant ; to insert the bud of a plant 
under the bark of another tree, for the purpose of raising 
upon any stock a species of fruit different from that of tho 
stock. 

BUD'DED, pp. Put forth in buds ; inoculated. 

BuD'DHA. See Boodh. 

BuD'DHISM, n. The doctrines of the Buddhists. See Boodh 

BUD'DING, ppr. or a. Putting forth buds ; inoculating. 

BUD'DING, n. The act of inserting a bud of one tree within 
the bark of another for propagation ; inoculation. 

BUDTDING-NESS, n. State of budding. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, £, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BCQK, 



BUG 



131 



BUL 



BUD'DLE, n. In mining, a large square frame of boards, 
• used in washing tin ore. — Ash. 

BUD'DLE, v. i. Among miners, to wash ore. 

BtJPE' LIGHT, n. [from Bude, the residence of the invent- 
or, G. Gurney.] An intense white light, produced by burn- 
ing pi dfied coal-gas in a compound Argand lamp of a pe- 
culiar construction. 

BUDGE, v. t. [Fr. and Norm, longer.] To move off; to 
stir ; to wag. In America, wag is much used as equivalent 
to budge ; but the use of both words is vulgar. 

BUDgE, n. The dressed skin or fur of lambs. 

BUDGE, a. 1. Brisk; jocund 2. Surly; stiff; formal. [01) s.] 

BUDgE'-BACH'E-LORS, n. pi. A company of men who 
accompany the lord-mayor of London at his inauguration. 

BUDGE'-BAR-REL, n. A small barrel with only one head, 
used for carrying powder. 

fBUDGE'NESS, n. Sternness ; severity. 

BUDg'ER, n. One who moves or stirs from his place. 

BUDG'E-RO, n. A large Bengal pleasure-boat. 

BUDG'ET, n. [Fr. bougette.] 1. A bag ; a little sack, with its 
contents. Hence, a stock or store. 2. The papers re- 
specting the finances of the British nation. The word is 
now used in a similar sense in France. — To open the budg- 
et, to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates of 
the government. 

r B UDG'Y, a. C onsisting of fur. 

BUD'LET, n. A little bud springing from a parent bud. 

BUFF, n. [contracted from buffalo, or buffskin.] 1. Buff- 
skin ; a sort of leather, prepared with oil, like chamois, 
from the skin of the buffalo, and also the elk and some 
othes animals. 2. A military coat, made of buffskin or 
similar leather. 3. The color of a buff; a fight yellow. 4. 
A yellow, viscid substance, formed on the surface of blood 
drawn in inflammatory diseases. — Parr. 

BUFF, v. t. To strike. See Buffet. 

BUF'FA-LO, n. [It. and Sp. bvfalo.] The bubalus, a species 
of the bovine genus. The name is also applied to wild 
oxen in general, and particularly to the bison of North 
America. See Bison. 

BUF'FA-LO-RoBE, n. The skin of the bison of North 
America, incorrectly called buffalo, prepared with the 
hair on. 

BUFFEL-DUCK, n. Buffer s-head duck, a bird. 

BUFF'-GoAT, n. A military bodice without sleeves, made 
of buffalo or other thick leather. 

BUFF'ER, n. A cushion to deaden the buff or percussion 
of a moving body, as a rail road car, when striking some 
other object ; called, also, buffing apparatus. 

BUFF'ET, n. [Fr. buffet.} A cupboard, or set of shelves, for 
plates, glass, china, ana other like furniture. 

BUFF'ET, n. [It. buffeuo.] A blow with the fist ; a box on 
the ear or face ; a slap. — Milton. 

BUFF'ET, v. t. 1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box ; 
to beat. 2. To beat in contention ; to contend against. 

BUFF'ET, v. i. To exercise or play at boxing. 

BUFFET-ED, pp. Struck; beaten. 

BUFF'ET-ER, n. One who buffets ; a boxer. 

BUFF'ET-ING,#p7\ Striking with the hand; boxing; con- 
tending against. 

BUFF'ET-ING, n. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. A suc- 
cession of blows ; contention ; attack ; opposition. 

BUFF'IN, n. A sort of coarse stuff. 

BOTTLE, n. [Fr.] The buffalo. 

BUFFLE, v. i. To puzzle ; to be at a loss.— Swift. 

BUF'FLE-HeAD, n. One who has a large head. 

BUFFLE-HeAD-ED (buffl-hed-ed), a. Having a large head, 
like a buffalo ; dull ; stupid ; foolish. 

BUF'FO. [It.] The comic actor in an opera. 

BUF-FOON', n. [Fr. bouffon.] 1. A man who makes a prac- 
tice of amusing others by low tricks, antic jestures and 
postures, jokes, and other vulgar pleasantries. A droll ; 
a mimic. 2. He who uses indecent raillery. 

BUF-FOON', v. t. To make ridiculous. 

BUF-FOON'ER-Y, n. The arts and practices of a buffoon ; 
low jests ; ridiculous pranks ; vulgar tricks and postures. 

BUF-FOON'ING, n. Buffoonery.— Dryden. 

BUF-FOON'ISH, a. Like a buffoon ; consisting in low jests 
or gestures. 

BUF-FOON1SM, n. The practices of a buffoon. 

t BUF-FOON'lZE, v. i. To play the fool, jester, or buffoon. 

BUF-FOON'-LlKE, a. Resembling a buffoon. 

BUF-FOONTY, a. Consisting of low, vulgar tricks. 

BUFTT, a. 1. Resembling the buff of blood in color and 
texture ; as, the huffy coat of the blood. 2. Pertaining to 
buff on the blood. 

BuTON-iTE, n. [L. bufo.] Toadstone. 

BUG, n. [qu. W. bac, bycan.] The name of a vast multitude 
of insects, which infest houses and plants. 

BUG, \n. [W. bwg.] A frightful object; a walking 

BUG'BEaR, 5 spectre ; any thing imaginary that is consid- 
ered as frightful. — Locke. 

BUG'BEaR, v. t. To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms. 
— Archbishop King. 



BUG'GER, n. [Fr. bougre.] One guilty of the crime against 
nature. A vile wretch ; a term of reproach. 

BUG'GER-Y, n. The unnatural and detestable crime of car 
nal intercourse of man or woman with a beast; or of hu- 
man beings unnaturally with each other. Sodomy. 

BUG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being infected with bugs. 

BUG'GY, n. A small one-horse carriage. — Smart. 

BUG'GY, a. Abounding with bugs. 

Bu'GLE, In. [W. bugail.] 1. A hunting-horn. — 

Bu'GLE-HORN, ) Shak. 2. A militaiy instrument of music. 

Bu'GLE, n. An elongated glass bead, of various colors, 
though more commonly black. 

Bu'GLE, n. [L. bugula, or bugillo.] A genus of plants, aju- 
ga, of several species. 

Bu'GLE, n. [L. buculus.] A sort of wild ox. 

Bu'GLE-WEED, n. A plant, the lycopus virginicus, some- 
Junes used in medicine. 

Bu'GLOSS, n. [L. buglossus.] A genus of plants, anchusa, 
used for dyeing and coloring. 

BUG' W6R.T, n. A plant, the cimicifuga. 

BuHL (bide), n. The name of fight and complicated figures 
of brass, unburnished gold, &c, let as an ornament into 
jurfaces of ebony or other dark wood, or tortoise-shell. 

BuHL'-W6RK, n. Work in which wood is inlayed with buhl 

BUHR'SToNE (buristone), n. A sub-species of silex or 
quartz. This word is often written burr-stone. 

BUILD (bild), v. t. ; pretbuilt; pp. built. The regular pret. 
and pp., builded, is sometimes used. [Sax. byldan.] [The 
spelling bild would be more accordant with the deriva- 
tion.] 1. To frame, construct, and raise, as an edifice. 2. 
To raise by art ; to frame or shape into a particular form ; 
as, to build up a theory. 3. To raise any thing on a sup- 
port or foundation ; as, to build one's hopes. — 4. In Scrip- 
ture, to increase and strengthen ; to cement and knit to- 
gether ; to settle, or establish and preserve. 

BUILD (bild), v. i. 1. To exercise the art, or practice the 
business of building. 2. To construct, rest, or depend on 
as a foundation. 

BUILD'ER (bild'er), n. 1. One who builds ; an architect, a 
ship-wright, a mason, &c. 2. A creator. 

BUILDING (bil&'mg), ppr. Framing and erecting; resting on. 

BUILDING (bild'ing), n. A fabric or edifice constructed for 
use or convenience, as a house. 

BUILT (bilt), pp. Framed and raised ; constructed. 

BUILT (bilt), n. 1. Form ; shape ; general figure of a struc- 
ture. — Dryden. 2. Species of building. 

BUL, n. The common flounder. — Chambers. 

BULB, n. [Gr. fio\6os.] A round body, applied to many ob- 
jects. But in botany, it is appropriately a scaly body, either 
above or below ground, emitting fibrous roots from its 
base, and a stem from its center, as the onion. 

BULB, v. i. To bulb out, is to project, or be protuberant 
— Evelyn. [Little used.] 

BULB-a'CEOUS (bul-ba'shus), a. Bulbous. 

BULBED, a. Round-headed. 

BULB-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bulbs. 

BULB'OUS, a. 1. Containing bulbs, or a bulb ; growing 
from bulbs ; round, or roundish. 2. Containing a knob, 
or protuberant part; swelling out; presenting rounded 
elevations. 

BUL'BUL, n. The nightingale of the Persians, represented 
as enamored of the opening rose-bud. 

BUL'CHIN, n. A young male calf. — Marston. 

BULGE, n. A different orthography of bilge. [W. bwlg.) 
The bilge or protuberant part of a cask ; protuberance. 

BULGE, v. i. 1. To swell out ; to be protuberant. 2. To 
bilge, as a ship. See Bilge. 

BULG'ING, ppr. or a. Swelling out ; bilging. As an adjec- 
tive, protuberant. 

Bu'LI-MY, I n. [Gr. fiovhuia.] A voracious appetite ; a 

BU-LIM'I-A, j disease in which the patient has a perpetual 
and insatiable appetite for food, and often faints, if not in 
dulged. 

BULK, n. [W.bwlg.] 1. Magnitude of material substance , 
whole dimensions ; size of a thing. 2. The gross ; the 
majority ; the main mass or body. — Swift. 3. Main fabric. 
4. The whole content of a ship's hold for the stowage of 
goods. 5. A part of a building jutting out.— Shah. To 
break bulk, in seamen's language, is to begin to unload.- 
In bulk, in a mass, or solid state ; as, pork in bulk, or bulk 
pork, i. e., pork not cut up or prepared for packing.— Sale 
by bulk, is a sale of goods as they are, without weight or 
measure. — Laden in bulk, having the cargo loose in the 
hold, or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks. — Syn. Size ; 
magnitude; greatness; largeness; extent; majority. 

BULK'-HeAD, n. A partition in a ship, made with boards. 
&c, to form separate apartments. 

BULK'I-NESS, n. Greatness in bulk, size, or stature. 

BULKY, a. Large ; of great dimensions. 

BULL, n. [Germ, bull] 1. The male of the bos, or bovine 
genus of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female. 2. In a 
Scriptural sense, an enemy. 3. Taurus, one of the twelve 
signs of the zodiac. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;.— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; 6H as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



BUM 



132 



BFO 



BULL, ri. [It. holla. This name was given to the sea) 
which was appended to the edicts and briefs of the pope, 
and, in process of time, applied to the edict itself. — Spel- 
man.] 1. A letter, edict, or rescript of the pope, pub- 
lished or transmitted to the churches over which he is 
head, containing some decree, order, or decision. 

BULL, n. A verbal blunder, or contradiction. More exactly, 
an apparent congruity, but real incongruity of ideas, sud- 
denly discovered. — Rev. Syd. Smith. 

BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large 
head. 

BULL'-BaITTNG, n. The practice of baiting or exciting 
bulls with dogs. — Addison. 

BULL -BEEF, n. The flesh of a bull ; coarse beef. 

BULL -BEG-GAR, n. Something terrible, or frightful. 

BULL-€aLF (-kaf ), n. A male calf; a stupid fellow. 

BULL'-DOG, n. A species of dog, of remarkable courage. 

BULL'-FICED (-faste), a. Having a large face. — Dryden. 

BULL'-FkAST. See Bull-fight. 

BULL'-FlGHT, n. A combat with a bull ; an amusement 
among the Spaniards and Portuguese. 

BULL'-FINCH, n. A bird of the grosbeak kind. 

BULL'-FLY, \n. The gad-fly, or breeze, a tormentor of 

BULL'-BEE, i cattle. 

BULL'-FROG, n. A large species of frog. 

EULL'-HEAD, n. 1. A genus of fishes, the cottus, having a 
spinous head, which is broader than the body. 2. A stupid 
fellow ; a lubber. 3. A small, black water vermin. 

BULL -TROUT, n. A large species of trout. 

BULL'- WEED, n. Knap-weed. — Johnson. 

BULL'-WoRT, n. Bishop's-weed. — Johnson. 

BULL'S'-EyE (-1), n. 1. Among seamen, a piece of wood in 
the form of a ring. 2. A small circular window or open- 
ing. 3. A thick, round glass let into a ship's deck to give 
light below. 4. Aldebaran, a star. 5. A small, obscure 
cloud, portending a great storm. 

BULL'S'-NoSE, n. In architecture, the external angle of a 
polygon, or of two lines which meet at an obtuse angle. 

BUL'LA, n. 1. A genus of univalvular testaceous mollusca. 
2. A bleb ; a vesicle, or elevation of the cuticle, containing 
a transparent watery fluid. 

BULL'ACE. n. A wild, sour plum, of a light color. 

BULL-ANTIC, a. Designating certain ornamental capital 
letters, used in apostolic bulls. [It is used, also, as a noun.] 

BULL A-RY, n. A collection of papistical bulls. 

BUL'LATE. a. [L. bullatus.] Having elevations, like blisters. 

BUL'LEN-NaILS, n. pi. Nails with round heads and short 
shanks, turned and lackered. 

BULL'ET, n. [Fr. boulet.] A ball of iron or lead, used to 
load muskets, rifles, pistols, &c. 

B U/LL'E-TIN, n. [Fr.] 1. A report of a state of facts, issued 
by authority, as of military events, or the health of some 
distinguished personage. 2. In a wider sense, any public 
notice or announcement, especially of recent news. 

BUL'LE-TIN-BoARD, n. A board for posting up recent in- 
telligence, as at news-rooms, printing-offices, &c. 

BULL'I£D (buHid), pp. Insulted. 
BULLION (bull'yon), n. [Fr. billon.] Uncoined gold or 
silver in the mass. — In political economy, the word denotes 
gold and silver, both coined and uncoined. — P. Cyc. 

BUL'LI-RAG, v. t. To insult in a bullying manner. 

BULLISH, a. Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder. 
'—Milton. 

BULL'IST, n. A writer of papal bulls. — Harmar. 

BUL'LlTE, n. A petrified shell, or the fossil remains of 
shells, of the genus bulla. 

t BUL-Ll"TION, n. [L. bullio.] The act or state of boiling. 
Superseded by ebullition. 

BULL'O-GK, n. [Sax. bulluca.] An ox, or castrated bull. — 
In America, it is applied to a full-grown ox. 

BULL'OCK'S-EfE (-i), ft. A small, thick glass or sky-light 
in a covering or roof. 

BULLY", n. [Sw. bbla.] A noisy, blustering, overbearing, 
quarrelsome fellow, more distinguished for insolence and 
empty menaces than for courage. — Addison. 

BULL'Y, v. t. To insult and overbear with noise and blus- 
tering menaces. King. — Syn. To bluster ; swagger ; va- 
por; crow; hector; domineer. 

BULLY, v. i. To be noisy and quarrelsome. 

BULL'Y-ING, ppr. Insulting with threats. 

BUL'RUSH, n. [bole, or boll, and rush.] A large kind of 
rush, growing in wet land or water. 

BUL'RUSH- Y, a. Made of bulrushes.— Huloet. 

BULSE, n. A certain quantity of diamonds. Wraxall [India]. 

f BUL'TEL, n. A bolter, or bolting-cloth ; also, bran. 

BULWARK, n. [Sw. bolvarck.] 1. In fortification, a bas- 
tion, or a rampart, &c. 2. A fortification ; also, any means 
of defense. 3. That which secures against an enemy or 
external annoyance ; a screen or shelter ; means of pro- 
tection and safety. 

BULWARK, v. t. To fortify with a rampart ; to secure by 
a fortification ; to protect. — Addison. 

BUM, n. The buttocks ; the part on which we sit. 



BUM, v._i. To make a noise.— Marston. 

BUM-BaIL'IFF, n. [a corruption of bound bailiff.] In Eng 
land, an under-bailiff. 

BUM'-BoAT, n. A small boat, for carrying provisions to 8 
ship at a distance from shore. 

BUM'BARD. See Bombard. 

BUM'BAST, ri. [a different spelling of bombast, which see.] 
1. A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon another ; patch 
work. 2. Linen stuffed with cotton ; stuffing ; wadding. 

BUM'BLE-BEE, n. [L. bombus.] A large bee, sometimes 
called humble-bee ; so named from its sound. — Forby. 

BUM'KIN, n. [See Bumpkin.] 1. A short boom projecting 
from each bow of a ship. 2. A small out-iigger over the 
stern of a boat. 

BUMP, ri. [ W. pwmp.] 1. A swelling jr protuberance. 2. A 
thump ; a heavy blow. 

BUMP, v. i. To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the 
bittern. It is also written boom ; [W. bwmp.] 

BUMP, v. t. To strike as with or against any thing large or 
solid ; to thump. 

BUMP'ER, n. 1. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the 
liquor runs over. Hence, 2. A crowded house at a thea- 
tre, &c, in honor of some favorite performer. 

BUMP'KIN, n. An awkward, heavy rustic ; a clown, or 
country lout. — Locke. 

t BUMP'KIN-LY, a. Clownish.— Richardson. 

BUN. See Bunn. 

BUNCH, n. [W. pwng.] 1. A protuberance ; a hunch ; a 
knob, or lump. 2. A cluster ; a number of the same kind 
growing together. 3. A number of things tied together. 
4. A collection of things ; a knot. 

BUNCH, v. i. To swell out in a protuberance ; to be pro 
tuberant, or round. 

BUNCH, v. t. To form or tie in a bunch or bunches. 

BUNCH'-BA€K£D (bunch'-bakt), a. Having a bunch on the 
back; c-rxjked. 

BUNCH i-NFSS, n. The quality of being bunchy, or grow- 
ing in bum hes. 

BUNCH'Y, a. Growing in bunches ; like a bunch ; having 
tufts. 

BUN'DLE, ii. [Sax. byndel.] 1. A number of things put to- 
gether. 2. A roll ; any thing bound or rolled into a con- 
venient form for conveyance. 

BUN'DLE, *. t. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll ; often 
followed by up. — Swift. To bundle off, to send away in a 
hurry or pet. — Halloway. 

BUNG, n. [Fr. bondon.] The stopple of the orifice in the 
bilge of a cask. 

BUNG, v. t. To stop the orifice in the bilge of a cask with 
a bung ; to close up. 

BUNG'-DRAW-ER, n. A wooden mallet, of a peculiar form, 
for taking the bung out of a cask. [Local.] 

BUNG'-HoLE, n. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a cask. 
Sometimes shortened into bung. 

BUN"GA-LoW, n. In Bengal, a country-house, erected by 
Europeans, and made of wood, bamboo, mats, and thatch. 

BUN"GLE (bung'gl), v. i. To perform in a clumsy, awk- 
ward manner. — Dryden. 

BUN"GLE, v. t. To make or mend clumsily ; to botch ; to 
manage awkwardly ; with up. — Dryden. 

BUN"GLE, n. A botch ; inaccuracy ; gross blunder ; clumsy 
performance. — Ray. 

BUN"GLER, n. A clumsy, awkward workman ; one who 
performs without skill.— Peacham. 

BUN"GLING, ppr. Performing awkwardly. 

BUN"GLING, a. Clumsy ; awkwardly done. 

BUN"GLING-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly. 

BUN'ION (bun'yon), n. An excrescence on the great toe, 
corresponding to a corn. 

BUNK, n. [Dan. bynke] A case or frame of boards for a bed ; 
a word used in some parts of America. 

BUNK'ER, n. A large bin or receptacle for various things, 
as coals, &c. 

BUNN, \ n. [Scot, bun, bunn.] A small cake, or a kind of 

BUN, J sweet bread. — Gay. 

BUN'SING, n. An animal found at the Cape of Good Hope 

BUNT, n. The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail. 

BUNT, v. i. 1. To swell out. 2. In popular language, to 
push with the horns ; to butt. 

BUNT'ER, 7i. A cant word for a woman who picks up rags 
in the streets ; hence, a low, vulgar woman. 

BUNT'ING, n. A bird of the genus emberiza ; as, the rice- 
bunting, or bobolink. 

BUNT'ING, In. [Ger. bunt.] A thin woolen stuff, of which 

BUNT1NE, 3 the colors or flags and signals of ships are 
made. 

BUNT'LINES, n. pi. Ropes fastened to cringles on the bot 
toms of square sails. 

* BUoY (bwoy), n. [Fr. bouee.] 1. A float. 2. A floating 
mark (as a large cask, &c), to point out the position ot 
objects beneath the water, as shoals, rocks, an anchor, &0. 
— Life buoy, a float to sustain persons who have fallen 
overboard, till relief can be afforded them. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, Sic, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



BUR 



BUR 



* BUoY (bwoy), v. t. 1. To keep afloat in a fluid; to bear 
up, or keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water 01 air ; 
with up. 2. To support, or sustain ; to keep from sink- 
ing into ruin or despondency. 3. To fix buoys, as a direc- 
tion to mariners. 

* BUoY (bwoy), v. i. To float ; to rise by specific lightness. 

* BUoY'-RoPE, n. The rope which fastens a buoy to an 
anchor. 

* BUOY'AN-CY (bwoy'an-sy), n. 1. The quality of floating 

on the surface of water, or in the atmosphere ; specific 
lightness. 2. Figuratively, lightness of spirits ; animation ; 
vivacity. 

* BUOYANT (bwoy'ant), a. 1. Floating ; light ; that will not 
sink ; having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid. 
2. Bearing up, as a fluid. — Drydcn, [unusual.] 

BUoY'ANT-Ll r , adv. In a buoyant manner. — Coleridge. 

BUoY'JSD, pp. Kept afloat on water ; supported. 

BUoY'ING, ppr. Keeping afloat ; sustaining. 

BU-PRES'TI-DANS, n. pi. A tribe of coleopterous insects, 
of brilliant metallic colors. — Kirby. 

BUR, l 

BoUR, \n. [Sax. bur.~\ A chamber, or a cottage. 

BOR, > 

BUR, n. [Sax. hurre.] 1. A rough, prickly covering of the 
seeds of certain plants, as of the chestnut. 2. A rough- 
ness in sounding the letter R. 3. A broad ring of iron 
behind the place for the hand on a spear, used in tilting. 

BUR'BOT, n. [from L. barbatus.] A fish of the genus gadus, 
shaped like an eel. 

BUR'DE-LaIS (bur'de-lay), n. A sort of grape. 

BUR'D .EN (bur'cln), n., written, also, burthen. [Sax. byrden, 
byrthen.] 1. That which is borne or carried. 2. That 
which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is 
grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. 3. A birth. — Shak. 

4. [Fr. bourdon.] The verse repeated in a song, or the 
return of the theme at the end of each verse ; the chorus. 

5. In common language, that which is often repeated ; a 
subject on which one dwells ; as, the burden of a man's 
complaint. 6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities. 
7. The contents of a ship ; the quantity or number of tons 
a vessel will carry. 8. A club. — Spenser, [not in use.] — 
Byn. Load; encumbrance; weight; freight; cargo. 

BURDEN (bur'dn), v. t. 1. To load ; to lay on a heavy 
load ; to encumber with weight. 2. To oppress with any 
thing grievous. 3. To surcharge.- 

BUR'D ENET) (bur'dnd), pp. or a. Loaded with weight ; en- 
cumbered; oppressed. 

BUR'DEN-ER, n. One who loads ; an oppressor. 

BUR'D EN-OUS, a. 1. Grievous; heavy to be borne; op- 
pressive. 2. Cumbersome; useless. — Milton. 

BUR'D EN-S6ME, a. Grievous to be borne; causing un- 
easiness or fatigue. — Syn. Heavy ; weighty ; ponderous ; 
cumbersome ; oppressive ; vexatious ; afflictive ; weari- 
some. 

BUR'D EN-S6ME-LY, adv. In a burdensome manner. 

BUR'D EJN-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being burden- 
some ; heaviness ; oppressiveness. 

£UR'DO€K, n. A genus of well-known troublesome plants. 
^Bu'REAU (bu'ro), n. [Fr. bureau.] 1. A chest of drawers, 
for keeping papers, or clothes. 2. A department for the 
transaction of business by a public functionary. 

BU-REAU'€RA-CY (bu-ro'kra-sy). A system in which the 
government is administered in departments, each under 
the control of a chief; opposed to a system in which the 
officers have co-ordinate authority. — Brande. 

BU-RETTE', n. In chemistry, an instrument for dividing a 
fluid into hundredths or thousandths. 

BUR.G, n. [This is the same word as borough, the only dif- 
ference being in the pronunciation of the final letter.] A 
borough ; originally, a fortified town, but now, a city or 
town which sends members to parliament. See Borough. 

BURG'-MoTE, n. A borough court.— Burke. 

BURGAGE, n. [from burg.] In English law, a tenure, ap- 

Elied to cities, or towns, or where houses or lands are 
eld of some lord, in common socage, by a certain estab- 
lished rent. 

BURG'A-MOT, n. 1. A species of pear. [See Bergamot.] 
2. A kind of perfume. See Bergamot. 

BURG'A-NET, \ n. [Fr. bourguignote.] A kind of helmet, 

BURG'O-NET, 5 the Spanish murrion. 

BUR-GEOIS' (boor-zhwa/), n. [Fr. bourgeois.] A burgess. 

BUR-GEOIS' (bur-jois'), n. A species of type, or printing 
letter, smaller than long primer, and larger than brevier. 
See Bourgeois. 

BURGEON. See Bourgeon. 

BURGEON (bur'jun), n. In gardening, a knot or button, put 
forth by the branches of a tree, in the spring. — Chambers. 

BURG'ER-MaS'TER, n. An aquatic fowl. 

BUR'GESS, n. [Ft. bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a bor- 
ough, or walled town ; or, one who possesses a tenement 
therein ; a citizen or freeman of a borough. 2. A repre- 
sentative of a borough in parliament. 3. A magistrate of 
certain towns. 



BUR'GESS-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a burgess. 

BURG'GRaVE, n. [Ger. burggraf.] In Germany, an heredl 
tfirj commander of a burg or castle. 

BURGH (b ur g). n - A different orthography of burg, bor- 
ough, which see. 

BURGH'-BoTE, n. In old laws, a contribution toward the 
building or repairing of castles, <fec. 

BURGH'-BReCH, n. A fine imposed on a burgh for a 
breach of the peace. 

BURGH'-MaSTER, n. A burgomaster ; also, an officer in 
the tin-mines. 

BURGH'-MoTE, n. The court of a burg or borough. 

BURGHER, n. An inhabitant of a burgh or borough, or 
one who enjoys the privileges of a place. 

BURGH'ER-SHIP, n. The state or privilege of a burgher. 

BURGLAR, n. [burgh, or burg, a house, and Arm. laer, a 
thief.] _ One guilty of nocturnal house-breaking. 

BURG-La'RI-AN, n. A person guilty of burglary. 

BURG-La'RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to burglary ; constituting 
the crime of burglary. 

BURG'La'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With an intent to commit 
burglary ; in the manner of a burglar. 

BURG'LA-RY, n. The act or crime of nocturnal house- 
breaking, with an intent to commit a felony. 

BURG'O-MaS'TER, n. 1. A burgh-master; a magistrate, 
or one employed in the government of a city. 2. An 
aquatic bird, the glaucous gull. 

BUR'GoUT, n. A kind of thick gruel used by seamen. 

BUR'GRaVE, n. [burg, and Ger. graf.] In some European 
countries, a hereditary governor of a town or castle ; 
more properly, burggrave. 

BUR'GUN-DY. n. A kind of wine, so called from Burgundy, 
in France. — Shenstonc. 

BUR'GUN-DY-PITCH, n. Turpentine from which the es- 
sential oil has been distilled oft", used for plasters. 

BURH is the same as burg, burgh, with the aspirate. It is 
Saxon, and signifies a city, a castle, a house, or tower. 

BUR'I-AL (berie-al-), n. 1. The act of burying a deceased 
person ; sepulture ; interment. 2. The act of placing any 
thing under earth or water. 3. The church service for 
funerals. 

BUR'I-AL-PLaCE, n. A place appropriated to the burial 
of the dead ; a grave-yard. 

BUR'I-AL-SERV'ICE, n. The church service for burials. 

BUR'I-ED (berrid), pp. or a. Deposited in the earth, or in a 
grave. 

BUR'I-ER (berie-er), n. One who buries a deceased person. 

Bu'RIN, n. [Fr. burin.] A graver; an instrument for en- 
graving. 

BURKE, v. t. [from the name of the Irishman who first com- 
mitted the crime, in 1829.] To murder a person with tho 
intention of selling the body for dissection. 

BURK.ED (burkt), pp. Murdered, as above. [Modern.] 

BURK'ING, ppr. Murdering, as above. 

BURK'ISM, n. The practice of killing persons for the pur 
pose of obtaining bodies for dissection. — West. Rev. 

BURL, v. t. To pick burls, or knots, and other inequalities 
from cloth in the process of fulling. — Booth. 

BUR'LACE, n. [a contraction of burdelais.] A sort of grape 

BURL'ER, n. A dresser of cloth. 

BUR-LESQUE' (bur-lesk'), a. [Fr. ; It burlesco.] Jocular 
tending to excite laughter by ludicrous images. 

BUR-LESQUE', n. 1. Ludicrous representation ; a con- 
trast between the subject and the manner of treating it, 
which tends to excite laughter or ridicule. 2. A compo 
sition in which the contrast between the subject and the 
manner of considering it renders it ludicrous or ridiculous 
— Syn. Satire; irony; wit; humor; buffoonery. 

BUR-LESQUE', v. t. To turn into ridicule ; or to make 
ludicrous by representation. 

BUR-LESQ'UER (bur-lesk'er), n. One who burlesques, or 
turns to ridicule. 

BUR-LET'TA, n. [It] A comic opera ; a musical farce 

BUR'LI-NESS, n. Bulk ; bluster. 

BURLY, a. Great in size ; bulky ; timid ; falsely great , 
boisterous. — Dry den. 

BURN, v. t.; pret and pp. burned or burnt. [Sax. bernan, 
barnan, or byrnan.] 1. To consume with fire ; to reduce 
to ashes by the action of heat or fire. 2. To expel the 
volatile parts, and reduce to charcoal by fire. 3. To 
cleanse of soot by burning ; to inflame. 4. To harden in 
the fire ; to bake or harden by heat. 5. To scorch ; to af 
feet by heat. 6. To injure by fire ; to affect the flesh by 
heat. 7. To dry up, or dissipate ; with up. 8. To dry ex 
cessively ; to cause to wither by heat. 9. To heat or in- 
flame; to affect with excessive stimulus. 10. To affect 
with heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable 
taste. 11. To calcine with heat. 12. To affect with ex- 
cessive heat ; as, the fever burns the patient. To subject 
to the action of fire ; to heat, or dry ; as, to burn colors.— 
To burn up, to consume entirely by fire. — To burn out, to 
burn till the fuel is all consumed. 

BURN, v. i. 1. To be on fire ; to flame. 2. To shine ; to 



D6VE -.—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



BUR 



134 



BUS 



sparkle. 3. To be inflamed with passion or desire. 4. To 
act with destructive violence, as fire. 5. To be in com- 
motion ; to rage with destructive violence. 6. To be 
heated ; to be in a glow. 7. To be affected with a sensa- 
tion of heat, pain, or acidity. 8. To feel excess of heat. — 
To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted, and the Are 
ceases. 

BURN, n. A small stream or rivulet. — Scottish. 

BURN, n. 1. A hurt or injury of the flesh, caused by the 
action of fire. 2. The operation of burning or baking, as 
in brick-making. 

BURN'A-BLE, a. That may be burned. [Little used.] 

BURN-ED, 1pp. or a. Consumed with fire; scorched or dried 

BURNT, ) with fire or heat ; baked or hardened in the fire. 

BURN'ER, n. 1. A person who burns or sets fire to any 
thing. 2. An appendage to a lamp, designed to promote 
combustion. 

BURN'ET, n. A plant, poterium, or garden burnet. 

BURN'ET-SAX'I-FRAdE, n. A plant, pimpinella. 

BURNING, ppr. Consuming with fire ; flaming ; scorching ; 
hardening by fire ; calcining ; charring ; raging as fire ; 
glowing. 

BURNING, n. The act of expelling volatile matter, and re- 
ducitg to ashes, or to a calx ; the heat or raging of pas- 
sion. — Syn. Combustion ; fire ; conflagration ; flame ; 
blaze ; inflammation. 

BURNING, a. 1. Much heated ; very hot ; as, the burning 
deserts. 2. Figuratively, flagrant ; vehement ; as, a burn- 
ing shame. Shak. — Syn. Ardent ; scorching ; fiery ; hot. 

BURN'ING-GLaSS, n. A glass which collects the rays of 
the sun into a small space, called a focus, producing an 
intense heat. 

BURN'ING-MIR'ROR, n. A single concave mirror ; or a 
combination of plain mirrors, so arranged as to concen- 
trate their ravs to one focus. 

BURN'ING-THORN'Y-PLANT, n. A species of spurge. 

BURNISH, v. t. [Fr. brunir.] To polish by friction; to 
make smooth, bright, and glossy. 

BURN'ISH, v. I 1. To grow bright or glossy.— Swift. 2. 
To grow ; to SDread out. — Dryden. 

BURN'ISH, n. Gloss ; brightness ; lustre.— Christ. Obs. 

BURNISHED (burn'isht), pp. Polished ; made glossy. 

BURN'ISH-ER, n. 1. The person who polishes, or makes 
glossy. 2. An instrument used in polishing, of different 
kinds. 

BURN'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing ; making smooth and glossy. 

BURN'OOSE, 1 n. [Sp. albornoz.] An upper cloak or gar- 

BURN'OS, 5 ment among the Arabs. 

BURNT, pp. or a., from burn. Consumed ; scorched ; heat- 
ed ; subjected to the action of fire. 

BURNT'-EAR, n. A disease in grain, by which the seed is 
rendered abortive, and its coat covered with a black 
powder. 

BURNT'-OF'FER-ING, n. Something offered, and burned on 
an altar, as an atonement for sin ; a sacrifice ; called, also, 
burnt-sacrifice. 

BURR, n. 1. A roughness in sounding the letter R. 2. The 
lobe or lap of the ear. 3. The round knob of a horn next 
a deer's head. 4. The sweet-bread. 

BURR'-MILL'SToNE. See Buhr-stone. 

bh!e 7 -pump; } n - A lar § e kind of P um P- 

BURR'-SToNE, ) n. A silicious or quartz rock, containing 

BUHR'-SToNE, j many irregular cavities, and used for 
making mill-stones. 

BUR'RAS PlPE, n. An instrument or vessel used by sur- 
geons to keep corroding powders in. 

BUR'-REED, n. A plant, the sparganium. 

BUR'REL, n. A sort of pear, called the red butter pear. 

BUR'REL-FLY, n. The ox-fly, gad-bee, or breeze. 

BUR'REL-SHOT, n. [Fr. bourreler and shot.] Small shot, 
nails, stones, pieces of old iron, &c, put into cases to be 
discharged among enemies. 

BUR'ROCK, n. A small wier or dam where wheels are 
laid in a river, for catching fish. 

BUR'RoW, n. A different orthography of burgh, borough, 
which see. 

BUR'RoW, n. [Sax. byrgen.] A hollow place in the earth, 
or in_a warren, where small animals lodge. 

BUR'RoW, v. i. To excavate a hole under ground ; to lodge 
in any deep or concealed place. 

BUR'RoW-ING, ppr. Lodging in a burrow. 

BURS' AR, n. 1. A treasurer, or cash-keeper ; a purser. 2. 
A student, to whom a stipend is paid out of a burse, or 
fund. — Johnson. 

BURS' AR-SHIP, n. The office of a bursar.— Hales. 

BURS'A-RY, n. 1. The treasury of a college, or monastery. 
2. In Scotland, a stipend for the support of indigent stu- 
dents in a university, or college. 

BURSCH (bursb), n. ; pi. Burschen. [G.] A youth, espe- 
cially a student in a German university. 

BURSE (burs), n. [Fr. bourse.] 1. A public edifice in cer- 
tain cities, for the meeting of merchants, to consult on 



matters of trade and money ; an exchange. 2. In France, 
a fund or foundation for the maintenance of poor schol- 
ars in their studies. 

BURST, v. i. ; pret. and pp. burst. The old participle bursten 
is nearly obsolete. [Sax. byrstan, burstan.] 1. To fly or, 
break open with force, or with sudden violence ; to s\iffer 
a violent disruption. 2. To break away ; to spring from. 
3. To come or fall upon suddenly or with violence ; to 
rush upon unexpectedly. 4. To issue suddenly, or to 
come from a hidden or retired place into more open 
view. 5. To break forth into action suddenly. 6. To 
break or rush in with violence. 7. To open spontaneous- 
ly, as an abscess. — Syn. To crack ; break ; split ; rend , 
sever. 

BURST, v. t. To break or rend by force or violence , to 
open suddenly. 

BURST, n. 1. A sudden breaking forth ; a violent rending 
or disruption ; a sudden explosion or shooting forth. 2. 
A rupture ; a hernia. 

T>TTT> O^p 1 

BURSTEN \ PP' or °" Aff" ecte d. with a rupture, or hernia. 

BURST, pp. Opened or rent asunder by violence. 

BURST-W6RT, n. The herniaria, a plant said to be good 
against hernia or ruptures. 

BURST.EN-NESS, n. The state of having a rupture ; the 
hernia. 

BURSTER, n. One who bursts. 

BURSTING, ppr. Rending or parting by violence ; ex 
ploding. 

BURT, n. A flat fish of the turbot kind.— Johnson. 

BURTH'EN. See Burden. 

BURTON (bur'tn), n. A small tackle formed by two blocks 
or pulleys. 

BUR'Y (ber'ry), n. This word is a different orthography oi 
burg, burh, borough. It signifies a house, habitation, or 
castle, and is retained in many names of places, as in 
Shrewsbury, Danbury. The word is used by Grew for 
burrow. 

BUR'Y (ber'ry), v. t. [Sax. byrian, burgan.] 1. To deposit 
a deceased person in the grave ; to inter a corpse ; to en- 
tomb. 2. To cover with earth, as seed sown. 3. To put 
in a place of concealment ; to cover with any thing. 4. 
To withdraw or conceal in retirement. 5. To commit tc 
the water ; to deposit in the ocean. 6. To place one thing 
within another ; as, thy name so buried in her. — Shak. 7. 
To forget and forgive ; to hide in oblivion ; as, to bury all 
past injuries. — To bury the hatchet, in the language of 
America?! Indians, is to lay aside the instruments of war, 
forget injuries, and make peace. — Syn. To entomb ; inter ; 
hide ; cover ; conceal ; overwhelm ; repress ; keep down. 

BUR'Y-PEaR, n. [Fr. beuree.] Literally, butler pear; the 
name of a very tender and delicate pear. — Cotgrave. 

BUE/Y-ING (ber're-ing), ppr. Interring ; hiding ; covering 
with earth ; overwhelming. 

BUR'Y-ING, n. The act of interring the dead.— Syn. Inter- 
ment ; burying ; sepulture ; inhumation. 

BUR'Y-ING-GROUND, n. A place set apart for burying 
the dead. 

BUR'Y-ING-PLICE, n. A place appropriated to the sepul- 
ture of the dead. — Syn. Grave ; tomb ; sepulchre ; ceme- 
tery ; grave-yard ; church-yard. 

BUSH, n. [D. bosch.] 1. A shrub with branches ; a thick 
shrub ; also, a cluster of shrubs. With hunters, a fox tail. 
2. A thicket or place covered with trees or bushes. [This 
was the original sense of the word as used by Chaucer ; 
and in this sense it is prevalent in the British colonies, 
especially at the Cape of Good Hope, where the settlers 
may have borrowed it from the Dutch, with whom bosch 
is wood or thicket.] 3. A branch of a tree fixed or hung 
out as a tavern sign. 4. A circle of metal let into round 
holes or orifices to prevent their wearing. 

BUSH, v. i. To grow thick or bushy. — Milton. 

BUSH, v. t. To line an orifice with metal to prevent its 
wearing. 

BUSH'-MAN, n. [D. bosch-man.] A woodsman ; a race of 
ferocious savages at the Cape of Good Hope. 

BUSHEL, n. [Fr. boisseau.] 1. A dry measure, containing 
eight gallons, or four pecks. The Winchester bushel, 
formerly used in England, and still used in America, con- 
tains 2150 cubic inches. The imperial bushel, which has 
been used in England since 1826, contains about 2218 
cubic inches ; so that 33 Winchester bushels are nearly 
the same as 32 imperial bushels. 2. A large quantity. 3 
The circle of iron in the nave of a wheel ; in America 
called a box. 

BUSHEL-A6E, n. A duty payable on commodities by the 
bushel. 

BUSH'ET, n. A wood. 

BUSH'I-NESS, n. The quality of being bushy. 

t BUSH'MENT, n. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. 

BUSHY, a. 1. Full of branches ; thick and spreading, Kkfc 
a bush. 2. Full of bushes ; overgrown with shrubs. 

BUS'I-ED (biz'zid), pp. of busy. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c., long.— a, 1, 1, &c, short.— $ aR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK, 



BUT 



135 



BUT 



BUS'I-LESS (biz'ze-les), a. Without business ; at leisure ; 

unemployed. 
BUS'I-LY (biz'ze-ly), adv. 1. With constant occupation ; 
actively ; earnestly ■. as, to be busily employed. 2. With 
an air of hurry or importance ; wj'± too much curiosity ; 
importunately; officiously. 
BUS'I-NESS (biz'nes), n. 1. Employment ; that which oc- 
cupies the time, attention, and labor of men. 2. Con- 
cerns which demand attention. 3. The subject of em- 
ployment ; that wnich engages the care and attention. 4. 
Serious engagement ; important occupation, in distinction 
from trivial affairs. 5. Concern ; right of action or inter- 
posing. 6. A point ; a matter of question ; something to 
be examined, considered, or performed. — To do the busi- 
ness for a man, is to kill, destroy, or ruin him. — Syn. 
Affairs ; concern ; matter ; engagement ; employment ; 
calling ; occupation ; trade ; profession ; office ; duty. 
BUSl-NESS-LlKE (biz'ness-tike), a. Being in the true 

manner of business. 
BUSK, n. [Fr. busque.] A piece of steel, or whale-bone, or 

wood, worn by women on the breast. 
t BUSK, n. A bush. 

BUSK, v. i. To be active or busy. Fairfax uses it in the 
sense of prepare, transitively, "to busk them for the bat- 
tle." In the Scottish dialect it denotes to dress or attire. 
BUSKED (buskt), a. Wearing a busk.— Pollok. 
BUSK'ET, n. A small bush, or a compartment of shrubs in 

a garden. — Spenser. 
BUSK'IN, n. 1. A kind of half boot, or high shoe, covering 
the foot and leg to the middle, worn by ancient actors 
of tragedy. 2. In classic authors, the word is used for 
tragedy. 
BUSR1N.ED, a. Dressed in buskins.— Milton. 
BUSK'Y, a. Bushy ; wooded ; shaded or overgrown with 

trees or shrubs ; generally written bosky. 
BUSS, n. [L. basio ; Fr. baiser.] 1. A kiss ; a salute with 

the lips. 2. [D. buis.] A small vessel. 
BUSS, v. t. To kiss ; to salute with the lips. — Shah. 
BUST, n. [It. and Sp. busto.] 1. In sculpture, the figure of 
a person in relief, showing only the head, shoulders, and 
stomach. 2. The chest or thorax ; the trunk of the hu- 
man body. 
BUSTARD, n. The tarda, a species of bird of the grallic 

order, the largest land bird of Europe. 
BUSTLE (bus's!), v. i. To stir quick ; to be very active ; to 

be very quick in motion. 
BUS'TLE (bus'sl), n. Hurry ; great stir ; rapid motion with 

noise and agitation ; tumult. 
BUSTLER (busier), n. An active, stirring person. 
BUSTLING (busling), ppr. or a. Stirring ; moving actively 

with noise or agitation. 
BUST'O. n. A bust ; sometimes, perhaps, used for a statue. 
BUST (biz'zy), a. [Sax. bysi, bysig.] 1. Employed with 
constant attention ; engaged about something that renders 
interruption inconvenient. 2. Actively employed ; occu- 
pied without cessation ; constantly in morion. 3. Active 
in that which does not concern the person ; meddling with 
or piying into the affairs of others ; officious ; importu- 
nate ; vexatious. 4. Much occupied with employment ; 
as, a busy time. 
BUST (biz'zy), v. t. To employ with constant attention ; to 

keep engaged ; to make or keep busy. 
BUSY-BODY (biz'ze-bod'e), n. A meddling person ; one 
who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others. 
BUS'Y-MIND'ED, a. Having an active mind. 
BUSY-ING (biz'ze-ing), ppr. Constantly employing. 
BUT, part, for butan. (Commonly, but not correctly, 
classed by lexicographers among conjunctions or prepo- 
sitions.) [Sax. butan, buton.] 1. Except; besides; un- 
less. 2. Only. 
BUT, con). [Sax. bote.] More; further; noting an addition. 
BUT, n. [Fr. bout.] 1. An end ; a limit ; a bound. 2. The 
end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom, which unites 
with another ; generally written butt. 
BUT, v. i. To be bounded by ; to he contiguous to ; a word 

used in America. See Abut. 
BUT-END, n. The largest or blunt end of a thing. 
BUTCHER, n. [Fr. boucher.] 1. One who slaughters ani- 
mals for market. 2. One who kills men, or commands 
troops to kill them. 
BUTCHER, v. t. 1. To kill or slaughter animals for food, 
or for market. 2. To murder ; especially with circum- 
stances of uncommon cruelty. 
3UTCHER-BiRD, n. The shrike, a genus of birds (lanius) 

which feed on insects, and sometimes on smaller birds. 
BUTCHER-RoW, n. The row of shambles.— Whixlock. 
BUTCHERED, pp. or a. Killed ; slaughtered. 
BUTCHEB,-ING, ppr. Slaughtering. 

BUTCHER.-LI-NESS, n. A cruel, savage, butcherly manner. 
BUTCHER-LY, a. Cruel ; savage ; murderous ; grossly 

and clumsily barbarous. — Shalt. 
BUTCHERS-BROOM, n. Ruscus, a genus of plants ; call- 
ed, also, knee-holly. 



BUTCHER- Y, n. 1. The business of slaughtering cattle tor 
the table, or for market. 2. Great destruction of human 
fife. — Dryden. 3. The place where animals are killed for 
market ; a shambles, or slaughter-house. — Syn. Murder ; 
slaughter ; carnage ; massacre. 

BUT'LER, n. [Fr. bouteillier.] A servant or officer in the 
houses of princes and great men, whose principal business 
is to take charge of the liquors, plate, &c. 

BUTLER-AGE, n. A duty formerly levied of two shillings 
on every tun of wine imported into England by foreign- 
ers. 

BUTLER-SHIP, n. The office of a butler. 

BUTMENT, n. 1. A buttress of an arch ; the supporter, or 
that part which joins it to the upright pier. 2. The mas9 
of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which 
the extreme arches are sustained. It is written also abut- 
ment. 

BUTSHXFT, n. An arrow to shoot at butts with. 

BUTT, n. 1. Literally, end, furthest point. Hence, a mark 
to be shot at ; the point where a mark is set or fixed to be 
shot at. 2. The point to which a purpose or effort is di- 
rected. — Shak. 3. The object of aim. 4. The person at 
whom ridicule, jests, or contempt are directed. 5. [Sax. 
butte, or bytt.] A push or thrust given by the head of an 
animal. 6. A cask whose contents are two hogsheads ; 
called, also, a pipe. 7. The end of a plank in a ship's side 
or bottom. 8. A particular kind of hinge for doors, &c. — 
9. Butts and bounds. [See Butts.] — 10. A butts' length, 
the ordinary distance from the place of shooting to the 
butt, or mark ; as, " not two pah of butts' length from the 
town." — Rich. Diet. 

BUTT, v. i. [It. buttare.] To thrust the head forward ; to 
strike by thrusting the head against, as a ram. 

BUTTED, pp. 1. Struck with the head. 2. a. HaAing abut- 
tals ; as, the land is butted and bounded as follows. 

BUTTER, n. [Sax. buter ; Ger. Mater ; L. butyrum.] An 
oily substance obtained from cream or milk by churning. 

BUTTER, v. t. 1. To smear with butter. 2. To increase 
the stakes at every throw or every game. 

BUTTER-BUMP, n. The bittern.— Johnson. 

BUTTER-BURR, n. A plant, a species of tussilago, having 
leaves nearly three feet long. 

BUTTER-CUP, n. A name given to a species of ranuncu- 
lus, or crow-foot. 

BUTTER-FLOW-ER, n. A yellow flower.— Gay. 

BUTTER-FLY, n. The name of a very extensive group oi 
winged insects, including many famed for their activity 
and beauty. 

BUTTER-FLY-SHELL, n. A genus of testaceous mollusca. 
with a spiral, unilocular shell. 

BUTTEETS, ?2. An instrument of steel set in wood for 
paring the hoofs of a horse. 

BUTTER-MILK, n. The milk that remains after the but- 
ter is separated from it. 

BUTTER-NUT, n. The fruit of an American tree, the 
juglans cinerea, so called from its oily nature. 

BUTTER-PRLNT, \n. A piece of carved wood, used to 

BUTTER-STAMP, 5 mark cakes of butter. 

BUTTER-TOOTH, n, A broad fore tooth. 

BUTTE R-WoM- AN \ n ' A woman wno seus butter 

BUTTER-W6RT, n. A genus of pretty herbaceous plants, 
growing in bogs and marshes. 

BUTTEE.-Y, a. Having the qualities or appearance of but- 
ter. — Harvey. 

BUTTEE,-Y, n. An apartment in a house, where butter, 
milk, provisions, and utensils are kept. 

BUTTING, ppr. Striking with the head. 

BUTTOCK, n. 1. The rump, or the protuberant part be- 
hind. 2. The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern 

BUTTON (buttn), n. [Fr. bouton.] 1. A knob ; a small balL 
a catch used to fasten together the different parts of dress. 
2. Any knob or ball fastened to another body ; a small 
protuberant body. 3. A bud ; a gem of a plant. 4. A fiat 
piece of wood, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten doors. 
5. The sea-urchin. 6. A round mass of metal collected at 
the bottom of a crucible after fusion. 

BUTTON (buttn), v. t. 1. To fasten with a button, or but 
tons ; to inclose, or make secure with buttons. 2. To 
dress or clothe ; [not used.] 

BUTTON-BUSH. n. The popular name of cepJialanthus oc- 
cidentale, a'North American evergreen shrub. 

BUTTON-HoLE, n. The hole or loop in which a button 
is caught. 

BUTTON-M1K-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
buttons. 

BUTTON-SToNE, n. A species of figured stone, or hard 
flint, resembling a button. 

BUTTON-TREE, n. The conocarpus, a tropical plant 

BUTTON-WEED, n. A genus of herbs, mestly tropical. 

BUTTON-WOOD, n. The platanus occidentalis, western 
plane-tree, a large tree growing in North America, pro- 
ducing rough balls, from which it is named. 



DAVE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



tt* 



136 



BUTTONED (buftnd), pp. Fastened with a button. 

BUTTON-ING, ppr. Fastening with a button. 

BUTTRESS, to. 1. A prop ; a wall or abutment built arch- 
wise, serving to support another wall on the outside. 2. 
Figuratively, any prop or support; as, "the buttress of the 
good old cause." — South. 

BUTTRESS, v. t. To support by a buttress ; to prop. 

BUTTRESSED (butftrest), pp. or a. Supported with a but- 
tress. 

BUTTS, n. pi. 1. A place where archers meet to shoot at a 
mark. 2. Short ridges often left at the angles of a field in 

f flowing land. 3. Sides of the thickest and stoutest sole- 
eather. — i. Butts and bounds, the abuttals and boundaries 
of land.— Holloway. 

BUT- WINK, to. A bird.— Johnson. 

BUT-Y-Ra'CEOUS, \ a. [from Lat. butyrum, butter.] Hav- 

BUT'Y-ROUS, > ing the qualities of butter ; resem- 

bling butter. 

BU-TYR'IG. Butyric acid is an acid found in butter ; an 
oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of rancid butter. 

Bu'TYR-INE, n. A peculiar oily matter in butter, associated 
with elain and stearine. 

BUX'E-OUS, a. Belonging to the box-tree. 

BUX'I-NA, ) n. An alkaloid obtained from the buxus sem- 

BUX'lNE, J pervirens, or common box. 

BUX'OM, a. [Sax. bocs urn.] 1. Obedient; obsequkms ; ready 
to obey ; [obs.] 2. Gay ; lively ; brisk. — Milton. 3. Wan- 
ton ; jolly. — JJryden. 

BUX'OM-LY, adv. 1. Obediently ; [obs.] 2. Wantonly ; am- 
orously. 

BUX'OM-NESS, n. Meekness ; obedience ; [obs.] — Chaucer. 
2. Briskness; amorousness. 

BUY (bi), v. t. ; pret. and pp. bought, pron. bawt. [Sax. bigan, 
or bycgan, bygan.] 1. To acquire the property, right, or 
title to any thing, by paying a consideration or an equiva- 
lent in money; to purchase ; to acquire by paying a price. 
2. To procure by a consideration given ; to procure at a 
price ; as, to buy applause. 3. To bribe ; to corrupt or 
pervert the judgment by paying a consideration. 

To buy off, to influence to compliance ; to cause to bend or 
yield by some consideration. — To buy out. 1. To buy off, 
or detach from. 2. To purchase the share or shares of a 
person in a stock. — In popular language, to buy is to pay 
dear for, as in Chaucer. 

BUY (bi), v. i. To negotiate or treat about a purchase. 

BUYER (bi'er), n. One who buys ; a purchaser. 

BUYING, ppr. Purchasing. 

BUZZ, v. i. [It. buzzicare.] 1. To make a low, humming 
sound, as bees. 2. To whisper ; to speak with a low, hum- 
ming voice ; to make a low, humming sound. — Shah. 

BUZZ, v. t. To whisper ; to spread, as report, by whispers, 
or to spread secretly. — Bentley. 

BUZZ, n. The noise of bees ; also, a whisper. 

BUZZARD, n. [D. buzaard.] 1. A species of falco, or hawk, 
the buteo ; a rapacious, but sluggish bird. 2. A blockhead ; 
a dunce. 

BUZZARD, a. Senseless ; stupid.— Milton. 

BUZZARD-ET, n. A species of falco, or hawk. 

BUZZ'ER, n. A whisperer ; one who is busy in telling tales 
secretly. 

BUZZING, ppr. or a. Making a low, humming sound ; whis- 
pering ; tattling in secret. 

BUZZ'ING-LY, adv. With a low, humming sound. 

BY, prep. [Sax. be, or big ; Goth, bi.] 1. Near ; close ; as, 
sit by me, i. e., pressing upon me, which is the primary 
sense. Hence, by was formerly used for against ; as, I 
know nothing by myself (ovdev tfiavTy avvoida). — 1 Cor., 
iv., 4. 2. Near, in motion; as, to pass by a church. 3. 
Through or with, denoting the agent, means, instrument, 
or cause ; as, " a city is destroyed by fire." 4. " Day by 
day ;" " year by year ;" " article by article." In these 
phrases, by denotes passing from one to another, or each 
particular separately taken. 5. " By the space of seven 
years." In this phrase, by denotes through, passing or 
continuing, during. 6. " By this time the sun had risen." 
The word here seems to denote, at, present, or come to. 7. 
According to ; as, " this appears by his own account ;" 
"these are good rules to live by." 8. On; as, "to pass by 
land or water." 9. It is placed before words denoting 
quantity, measure, or proportion ; as, to sell by the pound. 
10. It is used to represent the means or instrument of 
swearing, or affirming; as, to swear by heaven. 11. In 
the phrase, "he has a cask of wine by him," by denotes 
nearness or presence. 12. " To sit by one's self," is to sit 
alone, or without company. 13. " To be present by at- 
torney." In this phrase, by denotes means or instrument ; 
through or in the presence of a substitute. 14. In the 
phrase, "north by west," the sense seems to be, north' 
passing to the west, inclining or going westward, or near 
west. — As an adverb, by denotes also nearness, or pres- 
ence ; as, there was no person by at the time.— Bxj-and-by 
is a phrase denoting nearness in time ; in a short time 
after ; presently ; soon. — By-the-by signifies, as we proceed 



or pass, [Fr. en passant], noting something interposed in 
the progress of a discourse, which is distinct from the 
main subject. — To stand by, is to stand near, or to support. 
— In the common phrase, good-by, by signifies passing, go- 
ing. The phrase signifies, a good going, a prosperous pas- 
sage, and it is equivalent to farewell. — By is used in many 
compound words, in most of which we observe the sense 
of nearness, closeness, or a withdrawing or seclusion. 

BY. See Aby. 

By'-BLoW, to. A side or incidental blow. 

BY'-BUS'I-NESS (bi'-biz'ness), n. Business aside of the com- 
mon mode. 

BY'-GOF'FEE-HOUSE, to. A coffee-house in an obscure 
place. — Addison. 

BY'-€ON-CERN'MENT, to. An affair distinct from the main 
_business. — Dry den. 

BY'-€ORN-ER, to. A private corner. 

BY-DE-PEND'ENCE, to. An appendage; that which de- 
fends on something else. 

BY-DE-STGN', to. An incidental design, or purpose. 

BY'-DRINK-ING, to. A private drinking. 

BY'-END, to. Private end; secret purpose or advantage 

BY'-GONE (-gawn), a. Past ; gone by. Let by-gones be by- 
gones, let the past be forgotten. — Scottish. 

BY'-INTER-EST, to. Self-interest ; private advantage. 

By'-LaNE, to. A private lane, or one out of the usual road. 

BY'-LAW, to. A town law ; the law of a city, town, or pri- 
vate corporation. — Bacon. 

BY'-MAT-TER, to. Something incidental.— Bacon. 

By'-NaME, to. Nickname ; an incidental appellation. 

By'-NaME, v. t. To give a nickname. — L. Camden. 

By'-PAS'SA6E, to. A passage by the way ; or a by-way 

By'-PaST, a. Past; gone by. — Scots dialect. 

By'-PaTH, to. A private path ; an obscure way. 

By'-PLaY, to. On the stage, a scene carried on aside, and 
commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds, 
_with a view, ordinarily, to enhance the sport. 

By'-PUR'POSE, to. An indirect or concealed purpose or 
design. 

BY'-RE-SPE€T, to. Private end, or view.—Dryden. 

BY-RoAD, n. A private or obscure road. — Swift. 

BY'-ROOM, to. A private room or apartment. — Shak. 

By'-SPEECH, to. An incidental or casual speech, not di- 
rectly relating to the point. — Hooker. 

t BY'-SPELL, to. [Sax. bigspell.] A proverb.— Coles. 

By'-STAND-ER, to. [Sax. bigstandan.] One who stands 
near ; a spectator ; one who has no concern with the busi 
ness transacting. 

BY'-STREET, to. A separate, private, or obscure street. 

BY-STRoKE, to. An incidental or sly stroke. 

By'-TURN-ING, to. An obscure road.— Sidney. 

By'- VIEW (-vu), to. Private view ; self-interested purpose. 

By'-WALK, to. A secluded or private walk. — Dryden 

By'-WaY, to. A secluded, private, or obscure way. 

BY -WEST, adv. Westward ; to the west ol—Davies 

BY'-WlPE, to. A secret stroke or sarcasm. — Milton. 

BY'-WoRD, to. [Sax. bi. or big, and word.] A common say- 
ing ; a proverb ; a saying that has a general currency. 

BY'ARD, to. A strap across the breasts of those who drag 
sledges in coal mines. 

By'ASS. See Bias. 

BYE, to. [Sax.] 1. A dwelling. Gibson. — 2. In certain games, 
a station or goal for the players. 

BYRE, to. A cow-house. 

f 'RY C V C !T'N ) 

t BYS'SUS S n ' ^ Gr- /^ ffff0f -l A silk or linen hood.— Gotoe? 

BYS'SlNE, a. Made of silk ; having a silky or flax-like ap 
pearance. 

BYS'SO-LITE, to. [Gr. fivaoos and \idos-] A variety of ami- 
anthus, or hornblende asbestus, occurring in short silken 
fibres. 

BYS'SUS, to. [L.] 1. Among the ancients, a cloth of exceed- 
ingly fine texture, either of linen, cotton, or silk. 2. A tuft 
or thread of fibres, by which certain shell-fish are attached 
to rocks. 3. The name of a genus of filamentous fungi. 
Most of these are regarded as the young of other fungi. 4. 
The asbestus is, by some, called by this name. 

BYZ'ANT,_ 1 n. [from Byzantium.] A gold coin of the 

BYZANTINE, j value of fifteen pounds sterling, so called 
from being coined at Byzantium. 

BY-ZAN'TlNE, > v , . . . „ 

BY-ZAN'TIAN S a ' -^ ertamm o to Byzantium. 



C. 

Cthe third letter in the English alphabet and the second 
5 articulation or consonant, is a palatal, nearly corre- 
sponding in sound with the Greek k, kappa. 
In English, C has two sounds : one close, like k, which oc- 
curs before a, o, and u ; the other, a sililant, precisely like 
s, which occurs befoi'e e, i, and y. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, £, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



CAB 



137 



CAD 



.as an abbreviature, C stands for Cams, Caroms, Caesar, con- 
demno, &c, and CC for consulibus. As a numeral, C stands 
for 100, CC for 200, &c— In music, C after the clef is the 
mark for common time. 

©A-A'BA, n. A square stone in the temple of Mecca, regard- 
ed with adoration by Mohammedans, as presented by an 
angel to Abraham. The enth-e temple is sometimes called 
by this name. — Brande. 

GAB, n. [Heb. Ch. ^p kab.] An Oriental dry measure, con- 
taining two pints and five sixths, English and American 
corn measure. 

GAB, n. A covered carriage with two or four wheels, drawn 
by one horse. 

GA-BAL', n. [Fr. cahale.] 1. A number of persons united in 
some close design, usually to promote their private views 
in church or state by intrigue. A junto. This name was 
given to the ministry of Charles II., Cliiford, Ashley, Buck- 
ingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale, the initials of whose 
names compose the word. 2. Intrigue ; secret artifices of 
a few men united in a close design. Dryden. — Syn. Junto ; 
intrigue ; plot ; combination ; conspiracy. 

GA-BAL', v. i. To unite in a small party to promote private 
views by intrigue. — Syn. To plot ; intrigue ; conspire. 

GABA-LA, n. Tradition, or a mysterious kind of science 
among Jewish rabbins, pretended to have been delivered 
to the ancient Jews by revelation, and transmitted by oral 
tradition ; serving for the interpretation of the hidden sense 
of Scripture. 

GABA-LISM, n. The secret science of the cabalists. 

GABA-LIST, n. A Jewish doctor who professes the study 
of the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. 

GAB-A-LISTTC, )a. Pertaining to the cabala; contain- 

CAB-A-LISTTG-AL, 5 ing an occult meaning. 

CAB-A-LISTIG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the cabalists. 

GABA-LlZE, v. i. To use the manner or language of the 
cabalists. [Not much used.] 

GA-BAL'LER, n. One who unites with others in close de- 
signs to effect an object by intrigue ; one who cabals. 

GABAL-LlNE, a. [L. caballinus.] Pertaining to a horse. 

GA-BAL'LING, ppr. Uniting in a cabal ; intriguing in a 
small party. 

GABA-RET, n. [Fr.] A tavern. 

GAB'BAgE, n. [It. cappuccio.] 1. A genus of plants, called, 
in botany, brassica, of several species, some of which are 
cultivated for food. 2. Cloth filched by tailors in cutting 
out garments. — Perry. [See Cabbage, v. t.] 

GAB'BAgE, v. i. To form a head in growing. 

GAB'BAgE, v. t. [D. kabassen.] To purloin or embezzle, as 
pieces of cloth, after cutting out a garment. — Arbuthnot. 

GAB'BAgE-NET, n. A small net to boil cabbage in. 

GAB'BAgE-TREE, n. The cabbage-palm, a species of areca, 
the areca oleracea, a native of warm climates. 

GAB'BAgE-W6RM (-wurm), n. An insect.— Johnson. 

GAB'BAgED, pp. Purloined, as cloth by him who cuts out 
a garment. 

GAB'BAg-ING, ppr. Purloining, as pieces of cloth. 

GAB1I-I, n. An animal of S. America resembling a hog. 

■GAB'IN, n. [Fr. cabane.~\ 1. A small room ; an inclosed 
place. 2. A cottage ; a hut, or small house. 3. A shed ; 
any covered place for a temporary residence. 4. An apart- 
ment in a ship for officers and passengers. 

GAB'IN, v. i. To live in a cabin ; to lodge. — Shak. 

GAB'IN, v. t. To confine in a cabin. — Shak. 

CABTN-BOY, n. A boy whose duty it is to wait on the offi- 
cers and passengers on board of a ship. 

GABTN-MaTE, n. One who occupies the same cabin with 
another. — Beaum. fy Fl. 

GAB'INJED, pp. or a. Inclosed in, or furnished with, a cabin. 

GAB'IN-ING, ppr. Inclosing in a cabin. 

CABTN-ET, n. [Fr.] 1. A closet ; a small room, or retired 
apartment. 2. A private room, in which consultations are 
held. 3. The select or secret council of a prince or exec- 
utive government ; so called from the apartment in which 
it was originally held. 4. A piece of furniture, consisting 
of a chest or box, with drawers and doors. A private box. 
5. Any close place where things of value are reposited for 
eafe keeping. 6. A hut ; a cottage ; a small house. — Spen- 
ser; [obs.] 

GABTN-ET, v. t. To inclose.— Howel. [Little used.] 

€AB'IN-ET-GOUN'CIL, n. 1. A council held with privacy ; 
the confidential council of a prince or executive magis- 
trate. 2. The members of a privy council ; a select num- 
ber of confidential counselors. 

GAB'IN-ET-MIK-ER, n. A man whose occupation is to 

make cabinets, tables, bureaus, &c. 
GAB'IN-ET-ED, pp. Inclosed in a private apartment, or in 

a cabinet. 
CAB-I-ReAN,^.. One of the Cabiri.—Faber. [SfeeCABiRiAN.] 
CA-BIR'LAN, ^ a. Pertaining to the Cabi'ri, certain deities 
GA-BIR'I-G, \ greatly venerated by the ancient pagans 
GAB-I-RIT'IG, ) in Greece and Phenicia.— Bryant.— Faber. 
Ga'BLE, n. [Sp., Fr. cable.] 1. A large, strong rope or 
chain, used to retain a vessel at anchor. — 2. In architec- 



ture, cables are wreathed circular moldings, resembling * 
rope. 
Ca'BLE-TIeR, n. The place where the cables are coiled 

away. — Mar. Diet. 
Ca'BLJSD, a. 1. Fastened with a cable. 2. Having wreathed 

circular moldings resembling a cable. 
CAB'LET, n. A little cable.— Mar. Diet. 
■GAB'MAN, n. The driver of a cab. 
CA-BOB', v. t. To roast meat in a certain mode. 
CA-BOcHjED' ) (ka-boshf), a. In heraldry, having the head 
GA-BOSRED' $ cut close, so as to have no neck left 
CA-BOOSE', n. [G. kabuse.] 1. The cook-room or kitchen 
of a ship ; a fireplace or stove for cooking in a small ves- 
sel. 2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship. 
■GAB-RI-O-LET' (kab-re-o-la'), ?i. [Fr. cabiiolet.] A one-horse 
chaise, with a calash top, and a covering for the legs and lap. 
■GAB'URNS, n. pi. Small lines made of spun-yarn, to bind 

cables, seize tackles, and the like. 
GA-Ga'O, n. The chocolate-tree, a species of the tJieobroma, 

a native of the West Indies. 
CACHA-LOT, n. A cetaceous fish, the physetcr, or sperma- 
ceti whale. 
■6 ACHE (kash), n. [Fr.J A hole in the ground for hiding 
and preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to car- 
ry ; used by settlers in the West. 
CA-GHEGTIC, I a. 1. Having an ill habit of body. 2. 
GA-GHEG'TIC-AL, J Pertaining to, or partaking of, ca- 
chexy. 
■GAcH-ET' G^ash-aO, n. [Fr. from cacher.] A seal. Lettre dt 
cachet, a private letter of state, or warrant for the impris- 
onment of some person or persons. 
*CA-€HEXY, n. [Gr. Ka X tiui.] A deranged state of the 
constitution ; properly, any morbid affection of the func- 
tions dependent on the sympathetic nerve, not including 
fever or inflammation. 
CACH-IN-NX'TION, n. [L. cachinnatio.] Loud laughter. 

[Little used.] 
GAcH'O-LONG, n. An opaque or milk-white chalcedony. 
GA-ClQUE' (ka-seek'), n. A Mexican term, from which 

came the word cazigue, which see. 
GAGK, v. i. [L. caco.] To ease the body by stool. 
G AGK'ER-EL, n. A species of fish. 

GAGK'LE, v. i. [D. kaakelen.] 1. To make a particular 
noise, as a hen. 2. To laugh with a broken noise, like 
the cackling of a goose ; to giggle. 3. To prate ; to prat- 
tle ; to tattle ; to talk in a silly manner. 
■GAGK'LE, n. 1. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 2. 

Idle talk ; silly prattle. 
GACK'LER, n. 1. A fowl that cackles. 2. A telltale ; a tattler. 
€ AGK'LING, ppr. or a. Making the noise of a goose or hen. 
CACK/LING, n. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 
GAC-O-GHYM'IG, \a. Having the fluids of the body 
CAC-O-CHYM'IC-AL, 5 vitiated, especially the blood. 
GAG'O-CHYM-Y, n. [Gr laKoxv/Ma.] A vitiated state of the 

vital humors, especially of the blood. 
CAG-O-De'MON, n. [Gr. kukos and Siu/awv.] An evil spirit. 
GAG-O-E'THeS, n. [Gr. KuKorjOeia.] 1. A bad custom or 
habit ; a bad disposition. — 2. In medicine, a bad quality or 
disposition in disease ; an incurable ulcer. 
■GA-G-O-e'THeS S-GRI-BEN'Dl. [L.] A diseased propens- 
ity for writing, 
t GA-COG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. kukos and ypacpn.] Bad spelling. 
GA-COL'O-GY, n. [Gr. kukos and Xoyos-] Bad speaking. 
GAC-O-PHONTG, ? B miTW ,, T1 „ w oV ,w 
€ AC-O-PHON'IC-AL, \ a ' Sounding harshly. 
CA-GOPH'O-NOUS. Harsh sounding. 

CA-GOPH'O-NY, n. [Gr. kqkos and fuvr).] 1. In rhetoric, an 
uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding from 
the meeting of harsh letters or syllables.— 2. In medicine, 
a depraved voice ; an altered state of the voice. -3. In 
music, a combination of discordant sounds. 
CAC-O-TEGH-NY, n. [Gr. kukos and rexw-] A corrupt art. 
GA-€OT'RO-PHY, n. [Gr. kukos and rpuxprj.] Bad food, or 

bad nutrition. 
GA-COX'ENE, n. A mineral occurring in yellowish radia- 
ting tufts, and consisting of phosphoric acid, with alumina, 
fluoric acid, and water. 
CACTUS, n. A genus --"plants, remarkable for their large 
and beautiful flowers., and the grotesque shapes they often 
assume. 
GA-CCMIN-aTE, v. t. To make sharp or pointed. 
CAD, n. 1. A boy at the door of an omnibus. 2. A runnei 

or messenger, sometimes called cadie. — Scottish. 
GA-DVVER, n. [L.] A corpse. 

CA-DAV'ER-OUS, a. [L. cadaver.] 1. Having the appear- 
ance or color of a dead human body ; pale ; wan ; ghastly. 
2. Having the qualities of a dead body 
GA-DAV'ER-OUS-LY, adv. In a cadaverous form. 
GA-DAV'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being cadav- 

erous. 
CAD'DIS, n. 1. A kind of tape or ribbon.— Shak. 2. The cud- 
dis-worm, or case-worm, is the larva or grub of certain in- 
sects. It is found in fresh-water streams or ponds, and 



D6VE -—BULL UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



CAG 



138 



CAL 



lives inside of a tube constructed by itself out of grains of 
sand or shells, or bits of wood, leaves, &c, carrying about 
its portable dwelling, from whicb the head and fore feet 
protrude. 

GADDoW, n. A chough ; a jackdaw. 

GAD'DY, ?i. A small box for keeping tea. 

GXDE, a. Tame ; bred by hand ; domesticated ; as, a cade 
lamb. 

GIDE, v. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with ten- 
derness ; to tame. 

GaDE, n. [L. cadus.] A barrel or cask. 

GaDE'-OIL, n. In the materia medica, an oil obtained by 
distillation from the wood of the juniper. 

GaDE'-W6RM, n. The same as caddis. 

GI/DENCE, \ n. [Fr. cadence ; Sp., Port, cadencia.] 1. A 

€aT)EN-CY, ) fall ; a decline ; a state of sinking. 2. A 
fall of the voice at the end of a sentence. 3. The general 
tone of reading verse ; [rare.] 4. Sound or tone ; as, 
" making harsh cadence." Milton. — 5. In music, repose ; 
the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose, or on 
a perfect chord. — 6. In horsemanship, an equal measure or 
proportion observed by a horse in all his motions. — 7. In 
heraldry, the distinction of families. 

GS/DENCE, v. t. To regulate by musical measure. 

Ga'DENOED (ka'denst), pp. or a. Having a particular ca- 
dence. 

GA-DeNE', n. A species of inferior carpet from the Levant. 

GaT)ENT, a. [L. cadens.] Falling down ; sinking. 

GA-DEN'ZA, n. [It.] The fall or modulation of the voice 
in singing. 

GA-DET', n. [Fr. cadet; It. cadetto.] 1. The younger of two 
brothers ; the youngest son. 2. A gentleman who carries 
arms in a regiment, as a private man, with a view to ac- 
quire military skill, and obtain a commission. 3. A young 
man in a military school. 

GA-DE W, n. 1. A straw-worm. [See Caddis.] 2. An Irish 
mantle. 

t CADGE, v. t. To carry a burden. — Ray. 

GADG'ER, n. A market man or huckster. — Johnson. 

GAD'GY, a. Cheerful ; merry after good eating and drink- 
ing. — Brockett, North of England. 

GI'Dl, 7i. In the Turkish dominions, an inferior judge, an- 
swering to a justice of the peace. 

GA-DILLAG, n. A sort of pear. — Johnson. 

GAD-MeAN, 1 a. Relating to Cadmus, a reputed prince of 

GAD'MI-AN, 5 Thebes, who introduced into Greece the 
sixteen simple letters of the alphabet — a, (3, y, 6, e, i, k, A, 
ix, v, o, n, p, a, t, v. These are called Cadmean letters. 

GAD'MI-A, n. An oxyd of zinc which collects on the sides 
of furnaces where zinc is sublimed. 

GAD'MI-UM, n. A white metal resembling tin ; its ores are 
associated with those of zinc. Its oxyd is used as a pig- 
ment. 

GA-Du'CE-AN, a. Belonging to Mercury's wand. 

GA-Du'CE-US, n. [L.] In ancient mythology, Mercury's rod, 
a wand entwisted by two serpents. 

CA-Dfj'CI-TY, n. [L. caducus.] Tendency to fall.— Chcster- 
Jield. [Little used.] 

GA-Du'€OUS, a. In botany, falling early, or soon after de- 
velopment, as flowers. 

IGa'DuKE, a. [Old Fr. caduc] Fleeting, or frail.— Hickes. 

CiE'CIAS, n. [L.l A wind from the northeast. 

CiE'CUM, n. [L.j In anatomy, the commencement of the 
large intestine, being a closed tube before the insertion of 
the smaller intestine. 

CiE'RULE. See Cerule and Cerulean. 

CiE-SITlI-AN. See Cesarian. 

CiE-Su'RA, or C^E-Su'RA, n. [Fr. cesure ; It. cesura ; L. cm- 
sura.] A pause in verse, so introduced as to aid the re- 
cital, and render the versification more melodious. It 
divides a verse or line into equal or unequal parts. 

CiE-Su'RAL, a. Pertaining to the csesura. 

■GAF'E (kaf'fa), n. [Fr.] A coffee-house. 

GAF'E-NET, n. [Fr. cafe.] In Turkey, a hotel or house of 
rest for travelers. 

GAF-Fe'IG, n. Obtained from coffee ; as, caffeic acid. 

GAF-Fe'IN. n. A crystallizable substance obtained from 
coffee. It is the same with the essential principle of tea, 
called theine. 

GAF'FRE (-fer), n. [ Ar.] An unbeliever ; a name given to a 
people in South Africa, who reject the Mohammedan faith. 

GAF'TAN, n. [Persic] A Persian or Turkish vest or gar- 
ment. 

GAG, n. [Fr. caque ; Dan. *.ag.] A small cask, or barrel. It 
is generally written keg. 

SAGE, n. [Fr. cage.] 1. A box or inclosure for confining 
birds or beasts. 2. An inclosure made with palisades for 
confining wild beasts. 3. A prison for petty criminals. — 
4. In carpentry, an outer work of timber, inclosing another 
within it. 

GagE, v. t. To confine in a cage ; to shut up, or confine. — 
Donne. 

GIG.ED, pp. or a. Confined in a cage. 



Gag'ING, pp. Confining in a cage. 

GAG'MAG, n. Tough old geese sent to market ; tough, dry 
meat. — Smart. 

■CA-Hi'ER' (ka-heer 7 ), n. [Fr.] Literally, a number of sheets 
of paper loosely put together, but now applied to the succes- 
sive portions of a work when printed in parts or numbers. 

Ga'iQUE \ n - t Fr cawue -] A skiff belonging to a galley. 

GAIL. See Kail. 

GaI'MAN. See Cayman. 

GA-IN'CIG, a. The caincic acid is an acid obtained from the 
root of the cainca, a Brazilian plant, used in intermittent 
fevers. 

Ca I-Ra' (sa-e-ra/), n. [Fr. Literally, it (the revolution; 
shall go on.] The burden of a famous revolutionary song 
during the French revolution. 

GaIRN, n. [Welsh cam.] A rounded or conical heap of 
stones erected as a sepulchral monument. 

GaIRN'GORM, n. A yellowish quartz crystal, the false topaz. 

* GaIS'SON, n. [Fr.] 1. A wooden chest into which sev- 
eral bombs are put, and sometimes gunpowder. 2. A 
wooden frame or chest used in laying the foundation of 
the pier of a bridge. 3. An ammunition chest or wagon. 
4. A sunken panel in a flat or arched ceiling. 

G Al'TIFF, n. [It. cattivo.] A mean villain ; a despicable knave. 

GaITIFF, a. Belonging to a caitiff: base ; servile. — Spenser. 

GAJ'E-PUT, n. An oil from the East Indies, which is a 
powerful stimulant and diaphoretic. This word is often 
spelled cajuput, and pronounced cayoopoot. 

GA-JoLE', v. t. [Fr. cajoler.] To deceive or delude by flat- 
tery. — Syn. To flatter ; wheedle ; deceive ; delude ; coax ; 
soo_the ; entrap. 

GA-JoL'ER, n. A flatterer ; a wheedler. 

GA-JoL'ER-Y, n. Flattery ; a wheedling to delude. 

GA-JoLTNG, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling ; deceiving. 

GaKE, n. [D. koek.] 1. A small mass of dough baked ; or 
a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, 
baked in a small mass. 2 Something in the form of a 
cake, rather flat than high, but roundish. 3. A mass of 
matter concreted ; as, a cake of ice. 4. A hard swelling 
on the flesh, or a concretion. 

GaKE, v. t. To form into a cake or mass. 

GaKE, v. i. To concrete, or form into a hard mass. 

t GaKE, v. i. To cackle.— Ray. 

GaKED (kakt), pp. Formed into a hard mass. 

G A KING, ppr. Forming hard masses. 

GaK'ING, n. The act of forming into a hard mass. 

GALA-BASH, n. [Sp. calabaza.] 1. A vessel made of a 
dried gourd-shell, or of the shell of a calabash-tree. 2. A 
popular name of the gourd-plant, or cucurbita. 

GALA-BASH-TREE, n. A tree of two species, known, in 
botany, by the generic name crescentia. 

GAL-A-BOOSE', n. A corruption of the Spanish word cal 

. abozo, prison ; used in the southwestern states. 

GA-LaDE', n. The slope or declivity of a rising manege- 
ground. 

CA-LaTTE, n. A name given to the turquois, which see. 

GAL-A-MAN€'0, n. [Fr. callimanque.] A woolen stuff, of a 
fine gloss, and checkered in the warp. 

GAL'AM-BAG, n. [Sp. calambuco.] A gallo chum, which see. 

GALAM-BoUR, n. A species of the agallo chum-tree, used 
in cabinet-making. 

GAL-A-MIF'ER-OUS, a. A term applied to plants having a 
long, hollow, knotted stem. 

GAL'A-MlNE, n. Lapis calaminaris, the native carbonate of 
zinc, used in the manufacture of brass. Electric calamine 
silicious oxyd of zinc. 

GAL'A-MINT, n. [L. calamintha.] An aromatic plant. 

t GAL-A-MIS'TR1TE, x. t. To curl or frizzle the hair. 

t GAL-A-MIS-TRI'TION, n. The act of curling the hair. 

GAL'A-MITE, n. [L. calamus.] A variety of hornblende al- 
lied to tremolite, of a vitreous lustre. 

GA-LAM'I-TOUS, a. [Fr. calamite.ux.] 1. Involved in deep 
distress ; oppressed with infelicity ; wretched from mis- 
fortune. 2. Producing distress and misery ; making 
wretched. 3. Full of misery. — Syn. Miserable ; deplora- 
ble ; distressful ; afflictive ; wretched ; grievoxis ; baleful , 
disastrous ; adverse ; unhappy ; severe : sad. 

GA-LAM'I-TOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to bring great dis 
tress. 

CA-LAM'I-TOUS-NESS, n. Deep distress ; wretchedness ; 
misery ; the quality of producing misery. 

GA-LAM'I-TY, n. [L. calamitas.] Any great misfortune, or 
cause of misery.— Syn. Disaster ; distress ; affliction ; ad- 
versity ; misfortune ; unhappiness ; infelicity ; mishap ; 
mischance ; misery ; evil ; extremity ; exigency ; downfall. 

GALA-MUS, n. [L.] 1. The generic name of the Indian 
cane, called, also, rotang. — 2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula 
a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk. 3. A 
rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parch- 
ment or papyrus. 4. The root of a sort of reed, or sweet- 
scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. 5. The 
sweet-flag. 



* See Synopsis I. E, T, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



CAL 



139 



CAL 



GA-LAN'DO. [It calure.] In music, directs to a diminution 
of time and sound, till the sound is nearly lost. 

€A-LAN'DRA, n. A species of lark. 

€A-LAN'DRE, n. The French name of a species of insect 
of the beetle kind ; the corn or grain weevil. 

€A-LAN"GXY, n. A species of white parrot. — Ash. 

•GA-LASH', ?i. [Fr. caleche.] 1. A light chariot or carriage 
with very low wheels. 2. A cover for the head, used by 
ladies. 3. A hood or top of a carriage, which can be 
thrown back. 

€AL'€A-DIS, n. White vitriol. 

€AL€AR, n. In glass-works, a kind of oven. 

€AL€ARATE, a. [L. calcar.] Furnished with, or resem- 
bling, a spur. 

€AL-€a'RE-0-aR-6IL-La'CEOUS, a. Consisting of, or 
containing, calcareous and argillaceous earth. 

GAL-Ca'RE-O-BI-Tu'MIN-OUS, a. Consisting of, or con- 
taining, lime and bitumen. 

€AL-€a'RE-0-SI-Li"CIOUS, a. Consisting of, or contain- 
ing, calcareous and silicious earth. 

€AL-€a'RE-0-SULTHUR-OUS, a. Having lime and sul- 
phur in combination, or partaking of both. 

CAL-GX'RE-OUS, a. [L. calcarius.] Partaking of the na- 
ture of lime; containing lime. — Calcareous spar, n. Crys- 
tallized carbonate of lime. 

CAL-Ci'RE-OUS-NESS, ti. Quality of being calcareous. 

€AL-CA-VAL'LA, n. A kind of sweet wine from Portugal. 

GAL'CE-a-TED, a. [L. calceatus.] Shod ; fitted with or 
wearing shoes. 

CAL'CE-DON, n. With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalcedony, 
found in some precious stones. — Ash. See Chalcedony. 

€AL-CE-DON'IC, \a. Pertaining to, or resembling, chal- 

GAL-CE-Do'NI-AN, 5 cedony. 

€AL-CED'0-NY. See Chalcedony, the more correct or- 
thography. 

€AL-CIF'ER-OUS, a. Containing calx or lime. 

CAL'CI-FORM, a. In the form of calx. 

CAL-CI-Mu'RlTE, n. A species of earthy mineral, of the 
muriatic genus, of a blue or olive-green color. [Not used.] 

GAL-ClN'A-BLE, a. Thatmay be calcined ; capable of being 
reduced to a friable state by the action of fire. 

CAL'CI-NITE, v. t. To calcine. 

CAL-CI-NI'TION, n. 1. The operation of expelling from a 
substance, by heat, some volatile matter with which it is 
combined, and thus reducing it to a friable state.— 2. Among 
the old chemists, the operation of reducing a metal to a 
metallic calx. 

CAL-CIN'A-TO-RY, n. A vessel used in calcination. 

* GAL-CINE', or CAL'ClNE, v. t. [Fr. calciner.} 1. To re- 

duce a substance to a powder, or to a friable state. — 2. 
Among the old chemists, to reduce to a metallic calx. This 
is now_called oxydation. 3. To dissolve. 

* GAL-ClNE', or CAL'ClNE, v. i. To be converted into a 
powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action 
of heat. 

€AL-ClN2vD', pp. or a. Reduced to a friable state by heat. 

CAL-ClNTNG, ppr. Rendering friable by heat. 

t CAL'CI-TRITE, v. i. [L. calcitro.] To kick.— Cotgrave. 

f CAL-CI-TRa'TION, n. The act of kicking.— Ross. 

€AL'CI-UM, %. [L. calx.] The metallic basis of lime. 

CALC'-SIN-TER, n. Stalactitic carbonate of lime. 

GALC'-SPaR, 7i. Calcareous spar, or crystallized carbon- 
ate of lime. 

GALC-TUFF, n. Calcareous tufa, a loose deposit of carbon- 
ate of lime from water holding it in solution. 

GAL'GU-LA-BLE, a. That may be calculated, or ascertain- 
ed by calculation. 

CAL'€U-LA-RY, n. [L. calculus.] A congeries of little stony 
knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear and 
other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap. 

€AL'€U-LA-RY, a. Relating to the disease of the stone in 
the bladder. 

CAL'€U-L ITE, v. t. [Fr. calculer.] 1. To compute ; to reck- 
on. 2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers. 3. 
To form tables upon mathematical principles, as loga- 
rithms. 4. To compute the situation of the planets at a 
certain time, for astrological purposes ; as, to calculate a 
nativity.— Bentley. 5. To adjust by computation ; to fit or 
prepare by the adaptation of the means to the end. — Til- 
lot son. 

GAL'CU-LaTE, v. i. To make a computation. — In New 
England this word is often equivalent to intend or pur- 
pose ; as, a man calculates to go a journey ; but there is no 
authority for this in English usage. 

€AL'€U-La-TED,£/j. Computed; reckoned; suited; adapt- 
ed by design. 

CAL'€U-La-TLNG, ppr. Computing ; reckoning ; adapting 
by design ; adjusting. 

PAL-GU-L A'TION, n. 1. The art, practice, or manner of com- 
puting by numbers. 2. The result of an arithmetical op- 
eration ; computation ; reckoning. 3. Estimate formed in 
the mind by comparing the various circumstances and 
facts which influence its determination. 



Pertaining to calculation ; teu ling to 



GAL'€U-LA TrVE, 

calculate. 

GAL'€U-La-TOR, n. One who computes or reckons. 
CAL'€U-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to calculation. 
tGAL'CULE, n. Reckoning: conrputation. 
f CAL'CULE, v. t. To calculate.— Chaucer. 
€AL'€U-Ll. See Calculus. 
€AL'€U-LOUS, a. 1. Stony; gritty ; hard, like stone. 2. Af 

fected with the gravel or stone. 
€AL'€U-LUS, 7i. ;j?Z. Calculi. [L.] I. The stone in the blad- 
der or kidneys; sometimes, also, in other parts, as the 
gall-bladder, &c. — 2. In mathematics, the term calculus ia 
applied to various branches of algebraical analysis. Thus 
the differential and integral calculus is a method of calcu- 
lation in which quantities are supposed to undergo certain 
variations of value, to facilitate investigations respecting 
them. The object of the differential calculus is to deduce 
from given algebraic expressions certain other expressions 
called differentials ; that of the integral calculus is from 
given expressions to find others, called integrals, of which 
those given are the differentials. — A. D. Stanley. 

CALTJRON (cawl'dron), 7i. [Old Fr. chauldron, now chau- 
dron.] A large kettle or boiler. 

CA-LEcHE' (ka-lash'), 72. See Calash. 

€AL-E-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Caledonia. 

CAL-E-Do'NLAN, 71. A native of Caledonia, now Scotland. 

GAL'E-DON-lTE, n. A mineral of a green color, consisting 
of the sulphate and carbonate of lead. 

G AL-E-FX'CTENT (-fa'shent), a. Warming ; heating. 

CAL-E-Fa'CIENT, 7i. That which warns or heats. 

CAL-E-FAC'TION, 71. [L. calefactio.] 1. The act or opera- 
tion of warming or heating. 2. The state of being heated. 

CAL-E-F ACTIVE, )a. That makes warm or hot; that 

CAL-E-FAC'TO-RY, S communicates heat. 

CAL'E-FT, v. i. [L. calefio.] To grow hot or warm ; to be 
heated._ 

€AL'E-FY, v. t. To make warm or hot. 

■CAL'EM-BoURG, n. [Fr. from a German Count Kalem 
bourg, noted for his blunders in language.] A pun. 

GAL'EN-DAR, ti. [L. calendarhcm.] A register of the year, 
in which the months, weeks, and days are set down in or- 
der, with the feasts observed by the church, &c. ; an al- 
manac. 2. An orderly table or enumeration of persons 
or things. — 3. In congress, a list of bills prepared for its 
action.-— 4. In courts, a list of causes which stand for triaL 
In England this refers only to criminal causes, but in some 
of the states of America it extends also to civil causes, as 
arranged for trial. — Calendar month, a solar month as it 
stands in almanacs. 

CAL'EN-DAR, v. t. To enter or write in a calendar. 

CAL'EN-DER, v. t. [Fr. calendrer.] To press between roll- 
ers, for the purpose of making smooth, glossy, and wavy. 

CAL'EN-DER, 71. A machine, or hot press, used in manu 
factories to press cloths and make them smooth. 

CAL'EN-DER, ) n. The name of a sort of dervises in Tur- 

KAL'EN-DER 5 key and Persia. 

€AL'EN-DER£D, pp. Made smooth by calendering. 

CAL'EN-DER-LNG, ppr. Making smooth or glossy By being 
pressed between rollers. 

CAL'EN-DRER, n. The person who calenders cloth. 

CAL'ENDS, 71. pi. [L. calenda.] Among the Romans, the 
first day of each month. 

CA-LENDRIC-AL, a. Belonging to a calendar. 

GAL'EN-TURE, n. [Sp. calentura.] A violent, burning fe- 
ver, attended with delirium, incident to persons in hot cli- 
mates, especially natives of cooler climates. 

CA-LES'CENCE, ti. [L. calesco.] Growing warmth ; grow- 
ing heat 

CALF (kaf), 72, ; pi. Calves (kavz). [Sax. cealf; Sw. half; 
Dan. Jcalv ; D. half.] 1. The young of the cow.— 2. In con- 
tempt, a dolt; an ignorant, stupid person: a weak or cow- 
ardly man. 3. The thick, fleshy part of the leg behind.— 
4. 'the calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify the pure ofl'er- 
ings of prayer, praise, and thanksgiving. — Brown. 

GXLF'-LlKE, a. Resembling a calf.— Shah. 

CILF'-SKIN, ti. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather 
made of the skin. 

CAL'I-BER, > 71. [Fr.] 1. The diameter of a body. 2. The 

CAL1-BRE, 5 bore of a gun, or the capacity of its bore.— 
3. Figuratively, the capacity of a man's mind. Burke.— 
Caliber-compasses, caliber^ or callipers, a sort of compass- 
es made with arched legMto take the diameter of round 
bodies, as masts, shot <fcc 

CAL'iCE, 71. [L. calix ; Fr. calice.] Usually written chalice. 
A cup ; appropriately, a communion cup. 

CxlLI-CO, 71. [from Calicut, in India.] Cotton cloth. — In 
England, white or unprinted cotton cloth is called calico 
— In the United States, calico is printed cotton cloth, hav 
ing dhferent colors. 

€ AL'I-CO-PRLNT'ER, 7i. One whose occupation is to print 
calicoes. 

€AL'I-€0-PRINT'ING, 71. The printing of figured patterns 
on calico, or white cotton cloth. 



DOVE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; cH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



CAL 



140 



CAL 



GALTD, a. [L. calidus.] Hot ; burning ; ardent. 

GA-LID'I-TY, to. Ileal— Brown. 

GAL'I-DUGT, to. In architecture, a pipe or canal used to con- 
vey heat to the apartments of a house by means jf hot air 
or steam. 

GI'LIF, n. ; written, also, Caliph and Kalif. [from Ar. 
calafa, to succeed. Hence a calif is a successor, a title 
given to the successors of Mohammed.] A successor or 
vicar ; a representative of Mohammed, bearing the same 
relation to him as the pope claims to bear to St. Peter. 

IaL'IPH ATE X n - The office or to&atj of a calif; or the 

KAT IF ATF ' \ g overnmen t of a calif. — Harris. 

GAL-I-GITION, to. [L. caligatio.] Darkness ; dimness ; 
cloudiness. — In medical writers, obscurity of vision from 
opacity or other obstruction. 

GA-LIg'IN-OUS, a. Dim ; obscure . dark. 

GA-LIG'IN-OUS-LY, adv. Obscurely. 

GA-LIg'IN-OUS-NESS, to. Dimness ; obscurity. 

GAL-I-GRAPHTG, a. Pertaining to elegant penmanship. — 
Warton. 

€A-LIG'RA-PHIST, to. An elegant penman. 

GA-LlG'RA-PHY, to. [Gr. naXos and ypa<pn.] Fair or elegant 
writing, or penmanship. See Calligraphy. 

Ga'LIN, to. A compound metal of the Chinese. 

GAL'I-PASH n- In cookery, that part of a turtle which be- 
longs to the upper shell. 

GAL'I-PEE, to. In cookery, that part of a turtle which be- 
longs to the lower shell. 

GAL'I-PERtB, \n.pl. Compasses with curved 

G AL'I-PER-CdM'P ASS-ES, 5 legs for measuring the diam- 
eter of round bodies. 

GAL-IS-THEN'IG, a. Pertaining to calisthenics. 

GAL-IS-THEN'IGS, to. [Gr. Ka Xo<;, beautiful, and cQevos, 
strength.] Exercises designed to promote grace of move- 
ment and strength of body. 

GAL'I-VER, n. A kind of hand-gun, musket, or arquebuse. 
—Shak. 

Ga'LIX, to. [L. calix.] A cup. See Calyx. 

GALK (cawk), v. t. 1. To drive oakum, or old ropes un- 
twisted, into the seams of a ship or other vessel, to pre- 
vent their leaking, or admitting water. — 2. In some parts of 
America, to set upon a horse or ox, shoes armed with sharp 
points of iron, to prevent their slipping on ice. 

GALK (cawk), to. In New England, a sharp-pointed piece 
of iron on a shoe for a horse or an ox, called, in Great 
Britain, calkin ; used to prevent the animal from slipping. 
Also, an instrument with sharp iron points, worn on the 
feet to prevent slipping on the ice. — [United, States.] 

GALK (cawk), n. A variety of argillo-ferruginous lime- 
stone. — Brande. 

G aLK, ) v. t. [Fr. calquer, to chalk.] To copy a drawing, 

GILQUE', I by rubbing the back of it with red or black 
chalk, and then tracing the lines thrcagh on paper, &c, 
with a blunt style. 

GALK.ED (cawkt), pp. Having the seams stopped ; furnish- 
ed with shoes with iron points. 

GALK'ER (cawk'er), to. A man who calks. Also, in Eng- 
land, a calk or calkin. 

GALKTN (cawk'in), to. A calk or sharp point of a horse's 
shoe, to prevent slipping. 

CALKING (cawk'ing), ppr. Stopping the seams of a ship ; 
putting on shoes with iron points. 

GALKTNG, n. In painting, the covering of the back side 
of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and tracing lines 
through with a stile, which leaves an impression of the 
color on the paper or wall. 

GALK'ING-I-RON (cawk'ing-I-urn), n. An instrument like 
a chisel, used in calking ships. 

GALL, v. t. [L. calo.] 1. To name ; to denominate, or give 
a name. 2. To convoke ; to summon ; to direct or order 
to meet; to assemble by order or public notice. 3. To 
request to meet or come. 4. To invite. 5. To invite or 
summon to come or be present ; to invite, or collect. 6. 
To give notice to come by authority; to command to 
come. 7. To proclaim ; to name, or publish the name. 
8. To appoint, or designate, as for an office, duty, or em- 
ployment. 9. To invite ; to warn ; to exhort. 10. To in- 
vite or draw into union with Christ. 11. To own and ac- 
knowledge. 12. To invoke or appeal to. 13. To esteem 
or account. 
To call down, to invite, or to br^ng down. — To call back, to 
revoke, or retract ; to recall^ to summon, or bring back. 
— To call for, to demand, require, or claim ; or to cause to 
grow. Also, to speak for ; to ask ; to request. — To call in, 
to collect; or to draw from circulation, or to summon 
together ; to invite to come together. — To call forth, to 
bring or summon to action. — To call off, to summon away ; 
to divert. — To call up, to bring into view or recollection; 
also, to bring into action, or discussion. — To call over, to 
read a list, name by name ; to recite separate particulars 
in order. — To caU -mt, to summon to fight; to challenge; 
also, to summon into service. — To call to mind, to recol- 



lect ; to revive in memory. — Syn. To name denominate 
invite ; bid ; summon ; convoke ; assemble ; collect ; ex- 
hort ; warn ; proclaim ; invoke ; appeal to ; appoint ; des- 
ignate. 

GALL, v. i. 1. To utter a loud sound, or to address by 
name ; to utter the name. 2. To stop, without intention 
of staying; to make a short stop. — To call on, to make a 
short visit to ; also, to solicit payment, or make a demand 
of a debt. — In a theological sense, to pray to, or worship. 
— To call out, to utter a loud voice ; to bawl ; a popular 
use of the phrase. 

GALL, to. 1. A vocal address, of summons or invitation. 2. 
Demand ; requisition ; public claim. 3. Divine vocation, 
or summons. 4. Invitation ; request of a public body or 
society. 5. A summons from heaven; impulse. 6. Au- 
thority ; command. 7. A short visit ; as, to make a call. 
8. Vocation ; employment. 9. A naming ; a nomination. 
— 10. Among hunters, a lesson, blown on the horn, to com- 
fort the hounds. — 11. Among seamen, a whistle or pipe. 
12. The English name of the mineral called by the Ger- 
mans tungsten or wolfram. — 13. Among fowlers, a noise or 
cry in imitation of a bird, or a pipe to call birds, by imi 
tating their voice. — 14. In legislative bodies, the call of the 
house, is a calling over the names of the members, to dis 
cover who is absent, or for other purpose. 

GALL.ED, pp. Invited ; summoned. ; addressed ; named 
appointed ; invoked ; assembled by order ; recited. 

GALL'ER, to. One who calls. 

t GAL'L AT ] n - A fr 1111 - or a scold.— Shak. 

tGAL'LET,' v. i. To rail; to scold. 

tGAL'LI-GO. See Calico. 

GAL'LID, a. Cunning. 

GAL-LID'I-TY, to. [L. calliditas.] Skill ; discernment , 
shrewdness ; craftiness. 

GAL-LIG'RA-PHY, to. [Gr. KaWiypuQia.] Fair or elegant 
penmanship. — Ben Jonson. See Caligraphv. 

CALLING, ppr. Inviting; summoning; naming; address- 
ing; invoking. 

GALLING, to. 1. A naming, or inviting ; a reading over or 
reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtain 
an answer, as in legislative bodies. 2. Usual occupation, 
or employment in life. 3. Class of persons engaged in 
any profession or employment. 4. Divine summons, vo- 
cation, or invitation. — Syn. Occupation ; employment ; 
business ; trade ; profession ; office ; engagement ; voca- 
tion. _ 

GAL-Ll'O-PE, to. In pagan mijthology, the muse that pre- 
sides over eloquence and heroic poetry. 

GAL'LI-PERS. See Calipers. 

GAL-LIS-THEN1GS. See Calisthenics. 

GAL-LOS1-TY, to. [Fr. callosite.] Hardness of skin, or 
horny hardness ; the hardness of the cicatrix of ulcers. 

GAL'LOT. See Calotte. 

GAL'LOUS, a. [L. callus.] In a state of hardness, literally of 
body, or figuratively of mind. — Syn. Hard; hardened ; in- 
durated ; insensible ; unfeeling ; obdurate ; unsusceptible. 

GAL'LOUS-LY, adv. In a hardened or unfeeling manner. 

GAL'LOUS-NESS, to. Hardness, induration, applied to the 
body ; insensibility, applied to the mind or heart. 

GAL'LoW, a. [Ir. calbh ; L. calvus.] Destitute of feathers ; 
naked ; unfledged ; as a young bird. 

GAL'LUS, to. [L.] 1. Any unnatural hardness of the body, 
particularly of the skin from friction. 2. The new growth 
of osseous matter between the extremities of fractured 
bones, serving to unite them. 

GXLM (cam), a. [Fr. calme.] 1. Being at rest, as the air ; 
not stormy or tempestuous ; not agitated, as a lake. 2. 
Undisturbed by passion ; not agitated or excited, as the 
mind, temper, or attention. — Syn. Still ; quiet ; undisturb- 
ed ; tranquil ; peaceful ; serene ; composed ; unruffled , 
sedate ; collected ; placid. 

GaLM (cam), to. Stillness ; tranquillity ; quiet ; freedom 
from motion, agitation, or disturbance. 

GiLM (cam), v. t. To reduce to a state of calmness or 
quiet. — Syn. To still; quiet; appease; allay; pacify; tran- 
quilize ; compose ; assuage. 

GaLM'-BROWjED, a. Wearing the look of calmness. 

GALM'ER (cam'er), to. The person or thing that calms, or 
has the power to still, and make quiet ; that which allays 
or pacifies. 

GaLMTNG (earning), ppr. Stilling; appeasing. 

GaLM'LY (camly), adv. In a quiet manner ; without dis- 
turbance, agitation, tumult, or violence ; without passion ; 
quietly. 

GILMNTESS (cam'nes), to. A state of rest ; an unruffled 
state; [applied to persons and things.] — Syn. Quietness, 
quietude ; stillness ; tranquillity serenity ; repose ; com 
posure ; sedateness ; placidity. 

GaLM'Y (cam'y), a. Calm; quiet; peaceable. — Cowley. 

GA-LOG'RA-PHY, a. [Gr. ica'Xos and ypa<p>).] Elegant pen- 
manship. — Ed. Rev. See Caligraphy and Calligraphy. 

GAL'O-MEL, to. A preparation of mercury, much used in 



See dynoj sis. A, E, I, <fcc. long.—W. E. 1 &c, short.- FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5VE BOOK 



CAL 



141 



CAM 



medicine, containing two equivalents of mercury and one 
of chlorine. 

GA-LOR'IG, n. [L. color, heat] The principle or matter of 
heat, or the simple element of heat. 

CA-LORIG,_a Pertaining to the matter of heat. 

GA-LOR'I-F£RE, n. [L. color and fero.] An apparatus for 
conveying and distributing heat, especially in conserva- 
tories. 

GAL-O-RIF'IG, a. That has the quality of producing heat ; 
causing heat ; heating. — Calorific rays, the invisible, heat- 
ing rays of the sun and other heated bodies. They differ 
from the colorific rays, or those which impart color. 

CA-LOR-I-FI-GI'TION, n. The production of heat, especial- 
ly of animal heat. 

CAL-O-RIM'E-TER, n. [L. calor, and Gr. nerpov.] An ap- 
paratus for measuring relative quantities of heat, or the 
specific caloric of bodies. 

GA-LOR-I-Mo'TOR, n. [caloric, and L. motor.'] A galvanic 
instrument for evolving caloric, in which the caloric influ- 
ence or effects are attended by scarcely any electrical, but 
great magnetic power. 

GA-LOTTE', ) n. [Fr. calotte.] 1. A cap or coif of hair, satin, 

GA-LoTE', 5 or other stuff. — 2. In architecture, a cavity 
or depression. 

GAL'O-TyPE, n. A name given by Mr. Fox Talbot to his in- 
vention for making pictures on paper or other smi'aces by 
the agency of light. 

€A-LOY'ERS, \ n. pi. Monks of the Greek Church, of three 

GA-L06'E-Rl, 5 orders, who follow the rules of St. Basil. 

GALP, n. Argillo-ferruginous limestone. 

GAL'TROP, n. [Sax. coltrappe.] LA kind of thistle, the 
Latin tribulus. — 2. In military affairs, an instrument with 
four iron points disposed in a triangular form, so that, three 
of them being on the ground, the other points upward, to 
wound horses' feet. 

GA-LUM'BA, n. [from Kalumb, its native name in Mozam- 
bique.] A plant growing in Mozambique ; also, the root, 
a bitter tonic, much used in medicine. 

GALQUE, v. t. See Calk. 

GAL'tJ-MET, n. Among the aboriginals of America, a pipe 
for smoking tobacco, used in making treaties. 

GA-LUM'NI-ITE, v. t. To charge one falsely and knowing- 
ly with some crime, offense, or something disreputable. — 
Syn. To slander ; defame ; vilify ; detract from ; accuse 
falsely ; traduce ; asperse ; belie ; bespatter ; blacken ; 
backbite ; libel ; lampoon. 

GA-LUM'NI-aTE, v. i. To charge falsely and knowingly 
with a crime or offense ; to propagate evil reports, with a 
design to injure the reputation of another. 

€A-LUM'NI-A-TED, pp. or a. Slandered ; falsely and mali- 
ciously accused of what is criminal, immoral, or disgrace- 
ful. 

GA-LUM'NI-a-TING, ppr. Slandering. 

GA-LUM-NI-a'TION, n. False accusation of a crime or of- 
fense, or a malicious and false representation of the word3 
or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name. 

GA-LUM'NI-a-TOR, n. One who slanders ; one who ma- 
liciously propagates false accusations or reports. — Syn. 
Slanderer ; defamer ; backbiter ; libeler ; detractor ; lam- 
pooner. 

GA-LUM'NI-A-TO-RY, a. Slanderous. 

CA-LUMTMI-OUS, a. Slanderous ; bearing or implying cal- 
umny ; injurious to reputation. 

GA-LUM'NI-OUS-LY, adv. Slanderously. 

GA-LUM'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Slanderousness. 

GAL'UM-NY, n. [L. calumnia.] False accusation of a crime 
or offense, maliciously made or reported. — Syn. Slander ; 
detraction ; libel ; falsehood ; backbiting ; evil-speaking ; 
lying; defamation. 

GAL'VA-RY, n. [L. calvaria.] 1. A place of skulls ; particu- 
larly, the place where Christ was crucified. — 2. In heraldry, 
a cross so called, set upon steps. 3. A chapel on a hill, 
where the mysteries of the crucifixion are represented by 
the Roman Catholic Church. — Elmes. 

SALVE (cav), v. i. [Sax. calfian.] 1. To bring forth young, 
as a cow. — 2. In a metaphorical sense, to bring forth ; to 
produce. 

SaLVES'-SNOUT, n. A plant, snap-dragon, antirrhinum. 

\ G XL V'ER, v. t. To cut in slices. — Ben Jonson. 

f GaLV'ER, v. i. To shrink by cutting, and not fall to pieces. 

GAL-VILLE', n. [Fr.] A sort of apple. 

GAL'VIN-ISM, n. The theological tenets or doctrines of 
Calvin. 

GAL'VIN-IST, n. A follower of Calvin ; one who embraces 
the theological doctrines of Calvin. 

GAL-VIN-IST'IG, \a. Pertaining to Calvin, or to his 

GAL-VIN-IST'IG-AL, 5 opinions in theology. 

GAL'VIN-lZE, v. t. To convert to Calvinism. 

GXLV'ISH (cav'ish), a. Like a calf. [More properly, catf- 
ish.} — Sheldon. 
GAL'VI-TY, n. Baldness. 

GALX, n. ; pi. Calxes, oi Calces. [L.] Properly, lime or 
chalk ; but among the early chemists, the substance of a 



metal or mineral which remains after being subjected to 
violent heat or solution by acids. — Calx viva, quicklimo, 
is lime not slacked. 

GA-LYC'IN-AL, ) a. Pertaining to a calyx ; situated on a 

GAL'Y-CINE, 5 calyx. 

GAL'Y-GLE, n. [L. calyculus.] 1. In botany, a row of small 
leaflets, at the base of the calyx, on the outside. — 2. In 
zoology, a term applied to small cup-like prominences 
covering many corals, and containing -each a polyp-cell. 

CA-LYC'U-LATE, > „ . , . 

CAL'Y-CL£D, T Having a calycle. 

GA-LYP'TRA, n. [Gr. KaXvnrnp.] The calyx of mosses, ac- 
cording to Linnceus. 

GA-LYP'TRI-FORM, a. Having the form of a calyptra. 

Ga'LYX, n. ; pi. Calyxes. [L. calyx.] 1. The outer cover 
ing of a flower. 2. A membranous sac, called, also, infun- 
dibulum. 

GAL-ZOOMS', n. pi. [Sp. calzones.] Drawers.— Herbert. [Not 
English.] 

GAM, n. A mechanical contrivance for changing a circ ular 
motion into an alternate one, or vice versa. 

GAM'-WQQD, n. A tropical wood used in dyeing. 

GA-MaTEu (ka-ma'yu), n. A painting with but one color. 
See Monochrome. 

GAM'BER, n. [Fr. cambrer.] Among builders, a term ap- 
plied to that slight degree of arching which is usually given 
to beams. A cambered-deck of a vessel is an arched deck. 

GAM'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Eending ; arched. 

GAM'BI-AL, a. Pertaining to cambistry, or to exchange. 

GAM'BIST, n. [It. cambista.] A banker; one who deals in 
exchange, or is skilled in the science. 

GAM'BIST-RY, n. The science of commercial exchanges, 
and also of weights and measures. 

GAM'BI-UM, n. In botany, a viscid secretion, which, in the 
spring, separates the alburnum of an exogenous plant 
from the liber, or inner bark. — Lindley. 

GAMB'LET. See Camlet. 

GAM-BoGE'. See Gamboge. 

GAM-BOOSE', n. [D.kombuis.] A ship's cook-room or kitch- 
en. See Gamboose. 

GAM'BREL, n. A crooked piece of wood, or iron, to hang 
meat on. See Gambrel. 

GaM'BRIG, n. A species of fine white linen, made of flax, 
said to be named from Cambray, in Flanders, where it 
was first manufactured. Cambric is also made of cotton. 

GaME, pret. of come, which see. 

GAME, n. A term applied to small, slender rods of cast lead, 
of which glaziers make their turned lead for receiving the 
glass of casements. — Gwilt. 

GAM'EL, n. [L. camelus.] 1. A large quadruped used in 
Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. 2. 
In Holland, camel [or kameel, as Coxe writes it] is a large 
floating machine for bearing ships over bars into a harbor. 

GAM'EL-BAGK£D (-bakt), a. Having a back like a camel ; 
humpbacked. 

GA-ME'LE-ON MIN'ER-AL, n. [See Chameleon.] A com- 
pound of pure potash and black oxyd of manganese. 

* GA-MEL'O-PARD, or GAM'EL-O-PaRD, n. [L. camelus and 
pardalis.] The giraffe, a species of the genus camelopar- 
dalis. 

GAM'E-LOT. See Camlet. 

GAM'E-O, n. [It. cammeo.] A precious stone (originally the 
onyx, and afterward the agate, &c), carved in relief ; op- 
posed to an intaglio, which is cut into the stone. In the true 
cameo, a stone is used having layers of different colors, 
and the art consists in so cutting as to appropriate these 
different colors to different parts or elevations of the 
carved work. Shells are often used for the same purpose. 

GAM'E-RA Lu'CI-DA, n. An optical instrument, which, by 
means of a stile, lenses, &c, gives the outlines of external 
objects on paper or canvas, so that an artist can sketch 
the subject. — Elmes. 

GAM'E-RA OB-SGU'RA, or dark chamber, in optics, an ap- 
paratus representing an artificial eye, in which the images 
of external objects, received through a double convex 
glass, are exhibited distinctly, and in their native colors, 
on a white surface placed opposite, in the focus of the 
glass, within a darkened chamber. 

GAM'E-RADE, n. [L. camera.] One who lodges or resides 
in the same apartment ; now comrade. 

GAM-E-RA-LIST'IG, a. Pertaining to finance and public 
revenue. 

CAM-E-RA-LIST'IGS, n. pi. [L. camera.] The science of 
finance or public revenue. 

GAM'ER-ITE, v. t. [L. camero.] To vault ; to ceil. [Littld 
used.] 

GAM'ER-a-TED, pp. or a. [L. cameratus.] 1. Arched ; vault- 
ed.— 2. a. In conchology, divided into chambers. 

GAM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Arching. 

GAM-ER-1'TICN, n. An arching or vaulting. 

GAM-E-RO'NI-ANS, n. pi. A sect in Scotland who refused 
to accept the indulgence granted to the Presbyterian cler- 
gy in the persecuting times of Charles II.. lest, by iumg 



D6'VE ;— BULL, UNTTE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this. t Obsolete 



CAM 



142 



CAN 



so, they might seem to acknowledge his ecclesiastical au- 
thority. 

GAM'IS, n. [It. camice.] A thin dress. [Not English.'] 

GAM-IS-IDE', n. [Fr.] An attack by surprise, at night or 
at break of day, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed. 

CAM'IS-A-TED, a. Dressed with a shirt outward. — Johnson. 

GAM'LET, n. [from camel ; sometimes written camelot and 
camblet.] A stuff originally made of camel's hair. It is 
now made sometimes of wool, sometimes of silk, some- 
times of hair, especially that of goats, with wool or silk. 

GAM'LET-ED, a. Colored or veined. — Herbert. 

CAM'MOGK, n. [Sax. cammoc, or cammec] A plant, petty 
whin or_ rest-harrow, ononis. 

GAM'O-MlLE, n. See Chamomile. 

Ga'MOUS, ? a. [Fr. camus.] Flat ; depressed. [Applied only 

GA-MOYS', J to the nose, and little used.] 

G I'MOUS-ED (ka'must), a. Depressed ; crooked. — Ben Jon- 
son. 

GI'MOUS-LY, adv. Awr j.—Skelton. 

GAMP, n. [L. campus ; Fr. camp and champ.] 1. The ground 
on which an army pitch their tents. 2. The order or ar- 
rangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for rest. 3. 
An army or body of troops encamped on the same field. 
— Hume. 

GAMP, v. t. or i. To rest or lodge, as an army or travelers 
in a wilderness ; to pitch a camp ; to fix tents. See En- 
camp. 

GAMP'-BED'STEAD (-bed'sted), n. A bedstead made to 
fold up within a narrow space ; a tressel bedstead. 

GAMP-BOY, n. A boy that serves in a camp. — Dwight. 

GAMP'-FlGHT (-fite), n. In law writers, a trial by duel, or 
the legal combat of two champions. 

CAMP-STOOL, n. A seat or stool with cross legs to fold up. 

GAMP '-VIN'E-GAR, n. A mixture of vinegar with Cayenne 
pepper, soy, walnut ketchup, anchovies, and garlic. 

GAM-PAG'NOL, n. A species of short-tailed rat. — Kirby. 

GAM-PaIGN' (kam-pane'), n. [Fr. campagne.] Literally, an 
open field ; hence, the time that an army keeps the field, 
either in action, marches, or in camp, without entering 
into winter-quarters. 

GAM-PaIGN', v. i. To serve in a campaign. 

CAM-PAIGN'ER (kam-pa'ner), n. One who has served in 
an army several campaigns ; an old soldier ; a veteran. 

GAM-Pa'NA, n. [L.] The pasque-flower. 

GAM-Pa'NI-A, n. 1. A large extent of open country, ap- 
plied to the country round Rome, &c. 2. A campaign ; 
[obs.] 

GAM-PANI-FORM, a. [L. campana.] In botany, in the shape 
of a bell. [Applied to flowers.] 

GAM-PA-Nl'LE, n. [It.] In architecture, a clock or bell-tower. 
— Elmes. 

GAM-PA-NOL'O-GY, n. [L. campana, and Gr. Aovoj.] The 
art of ringing bells. 

GAM-PAN'U-LA, n. [L.] The bell-flower. 

GAM-PAN'U-LATE, a. [L. campanula.] In botany, in the 
form of a bell. 

GAM-PEACHY-WOOD, n. From Campeacky, in Mexico. 
See Logwood. 

GAM-PES'TRAL, \a. [L. campestris.] Pertaining to an 

GAM-PES'TRI-AN, 3 open field ; growing in a field or 
open ground. 

GAM'PHeNE, n. [a contraction of camphogen.] A name for 
pure oil of turpentine, or spirit of turpentine, and much 
used, in order to disguise the nature of the substance, 
when sold for burning in lamps. 

CAMTHO-6EN, n. [Gr. Ka^fopav, or Kan<povpa, and yevvacj.] 
A hydrocarbon ; a compound of hydrogen and carbon. 
Camphogen, when combined with a certain definite pro- 
portion of oxygen, becomes camphor, and hence its name. 

GAM'PHOR, n. [Low Lat. camphora ; Fr. camphre ; Ar. ka- 
for.] A solid, concrete substance, from the laurus cam- 
phora, or Indian laurel-tree. It has a bitterish, aromatic 
taste, and a very fragant smell, and is a powerful diaph- 
oretic. 

GAM'PHOR-OIL. See Camphor-tree. 

GAM'PHOR-TREE, n. The tree from which camphor is 
obtained, found in Borneo, Sumatra, and Japan. 

GAM-PHOR-I'CEOUS, a. Of the nature of camphor ; par- 
taking of camphor. — Barton. 

GAM'PHOR- ITE, v. t. To impregnate with camphor. 

GAM'PHOR-ATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by the 
combination of camphoric acid with a base. 

SAM'PHOR-ATE, a. Pertaining to camphor, or impreg- 
nated with it. 

GAM'PHOR- a-TED, a. Impregnated with camphor. 

GAM-PHOR'IG, a. Pertaining to camphor. — Camphoric acid, 
a crystallized acid produced by long distillation of cam- 
phor. 

GAMP'ING. ppr. Encamping. 

GAMP'ING, n. A playing at football. — Bryant. 

GAMP1-ON, n. A plant, the popular name of the lychnis. 

CAMTJS, ) n. [L. camisa.] A thin dress.— Spenser. [Not 

€AivI1S, > English.] 



GAN, n. [D. Ttan ; Sax. canna.] A £up or vessel for liquors. 

CAN, v. i. ; pret. could, which is from another root. [Sec 
Could.] [Sax. cunnan, to know, to be able ; Dan. Itan, tc 
be able.] To be able ; to have sufficient moral or physic- 
al power, or capacity. 

t CAN, v. t. To know. — Spenser. 

GAN'-BUoY, n. In seamanship, a buoy in form of a cone. 

GAN'-HOOK, n. An instrument to sling a cask by the ends 
of its staves. 

GA-Na'DI-AN, a. Pertaining to Canada, 

GA-Na'DI-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Canada. 

■CA-NaILLE' (ka-nal'), n. [Fr., from L. canis, a dog.] TV. 
lowest class of people ; the rabble ; the vulgar. 

GAN'A-KIN, n. A little can or cup. — Shah. 

GA-NAL', n. [L. canalis.] 1. A passage for water ; a water- 
course ; properly, a long trench or excavation in the earth 
for conducting water, and confining it to narrow limits , 
but the term may be applied to other water-courses. — 2. 
In anatomy, a duct or passage in the body of an animal, 
through which any of the juices flow, or other substances 
pass. 3. A surgical instrument ; a splint. 

GA-NAL'-BoAT, n. A boat used on canals. 

GAN'AL-GoAL. See Cannel-coal. 

GAN-A-LIG'U-LATE, \a. [L. canaliculars.] Channeled, 

GAN-A-LICH-L A-TED, 3 furrowed.— In botany, having a 
deep longitudinal groove above, and convex underneath. 

GA-Na'RY, n. 1. Wine made in the Canary isles. 2. An 
old dance. — Shahspeare has used the word as a verb for to 
dance. 

GA-Na'RY, v. i. To dance ; to frolic. 

CA-Na'RY-BIRD, n. A singing bird from the Canary isles, 
a species of fringilla. 

GA-Na'RY-GRaSS, n. A plant, the phalaris. 

GAN'CEL, v. t. [Fr. canceller.] 1. To cross the lines of a 
writing, and deface them. 2. To set aside or render in- 
valid by any means ; as, to cancel a note. — 3. In printing, 
to suppress and reprint for the sake of substituting other 
matter ; as, to cancel a page. — Syn. To blot out ; obliter- 
ate ; deface ; erase ; efface ; expunge ; annul ; abolish ; re- 
voke ; abrogate ; repeal ; destroy ; do away ; set aside 

t GAN'CEL, v. i. To become obliterated. — Cowley. 

GAN'CEL, n. In printing, the suppression and reprinting 
of a leaf or more of a work ; the part thus altered. 

CANCELED, pp. Crossed; obliterated; annulled. 

GAN'CEL-ING, ppr. Crossing ; obliterating ; annulling. 

GAN'CEL-LATE, a. In botany, having a net-work of veins, 
like some leaves, without the intermediate parenchyma, 

GAN'CEL-LA-TED, a. [L. cancellatus.] 1. Cross-barred ; 
marked with cross lines. 2. Cellular ; as the porous 
structure of bones. — Mantell. 

GAN-CEL-L I'TION, n. The act of defacing by cross lines ; 
a canceling. 

GAN'CER, n. [L. cancer; Sax. cancre.] 1. In zoology, a ge- 
nus of Crustacea, embracing the European crab, and a few 
allied species. — 2. In astronomy, one of the twelve signs of 
the zodiac, the sign of the summer solstice, represented 
by the form of a crab. — 3. In medicine, a roundish, hard, 
unequal, scirrhous tumor of the glands, which usually ul- 
cerates, is very painful, and generally fatal. 

GAN'CER-aTE, v. i. To grow into a cancer ; to become 
cancerous. 

GAN-CER-a'TION, n. A growing cancerous, or into a 
cancer. 

GAN'CER-OUS, a. Like a cancer ; having the qualities of 
a cancer. 

GAN'CER-OUS-LY, adv. In the manner of a cancer. 

GAN'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being cancerous. 

GAN'GRI-FORM, a. 1. Cancerous. 2. Having the form of 
a cancer or crab. 

GAN'GRJNE, a. Having the qualities of a crab. 

GAN'GRlTE, n. A fossil or petrified crab. 

GAN-DE-La'BRUM, n ; pi. Candelabra. [L.] A tall stand 
or support for a lamp ; also, a candlestick with branches. 

GAN'DENT, a. [L. candens.] Very hot ; heated to white- 
ness ; glowing with heat. 

GAN'DI-GANT, a. Growing white.— Vict. 

GAN'DID, a. [L. candidus^] 1. White. — JJryden; [but tn 
this sense rarely used.] 2. Disposed to think and judge ac- 
cording to truth and justice ; without partiality or preju- 
dice ; free from undue bias. — Syn. Fair ; open ; ingen- 
uous ; impartial ; just ; frank ; artless ; unbiased ; equi. 
table. 

GAN'DI-DITE, n. [L. candidatus.] 1. One who seeks or 
aspires to some office or privilege, and offers himself for 
the same. 2. One who is in contemplation for an office 
or for preferment. 3. One who, by his services or ac- 
tions, will or may justly obtain preferment or reward, or 
whose conduct tends to secure it. 4. A man who is qual- 
ified, according to the rules of the Church, to preach the 
gospel, and take the charge of a parish or religious soci- 
ety, and proposes to settle in the ministry. — U. Stales. 5, 
One who is in a state of trial or probation ; as, a candi 
date for another world. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short— FIB, FALL, WHAT —PREY ;— MARINE B tRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



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143 



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CANDID-LY, adv. Openly ; frankly ; without trick or dis- 
guise ; ingenuously. 

CANDID-NES8, n. Openness of mind ; frankness ; fair- 
ness ; ingenuousness. 

GANDI.ED (kan'did), pp. or a. Preserved with sugar, or in- 
crusted with it ; covered with crystals of sugar or ice, or 
with matter resembling them ; as, candied raisins. 

€AN'DI-FY, v. t. or i. To make or become white or can- 
died. 

CANDLE, n. [L., Sp., It. candela.] 1. A long, but small, cyl- 
indrical body of tallow, wax, or spermaceti, formed on a 
wick, used for a portable light of domestic use. 2. A 
light. 3. A luminary ; [poetical.] 

CANDLE-BER-RY-TREE, n. The myrica cerifera, or wax- 
bearing myrtle or bayberry. 

CANDLE-B6MB (-bum), n. A small glass bubble, filled with 
water, placed in the wick of a candle, wiiere it bursts with 
a report. 

CANDLE-CoAL. See Cannel-coal. 

GANDLE-HoLD-ER, n. A person who holds a candle. 
Hence, one who remotely aids another. 

CANDLE-LlGHT, n. The light of a candle ; the necessary 
candles for use. 

CANDLE-STUFF, n. A material of which candles are 
made, as tallow, wax, &c. 

CANDLE-WaST-ER, n. One who wastes or consumes 
candles ; a hard student ; a spendthrift. — Shak. 

CANDLE-WIGK, n. The wick for candles. 

■CANDLE-MAS, n. [L. candle and mass; Sax. nuzssa; can- 
dle-feast.] The feast of the Church, celebrated on the 
second day of February, in honor of the purification of 
the Virgin Mary ; so called from the great number of 
lights used on that occasion. 

CANDLE-STICK, n. [Sax. candel-sticca.] An instrument 
or utensil to hold a candle. 

CANDLES-ENDS, n. pi. Scraps ; fragments. 

CANDOGK, n. A plant or weed that grows in rivers. 

CANDOR, n. [L. candor.] A disposition to treat subjects 
with fairness ; freedom from prejudice or disguise. — Syn. 
Fairness ; ingenuousness ; frankness ; openness ; sincer- 
ity ; impartiality. 

CANDY, v. t. [It. candire.] 1. To conserve or dress with 
sugar ; to boil in sugar. 2. To form into congelations or 
crystals. — 3. Figuratively, to cover or incrust with con- 
gelations, or crystals of ice. 

CANDY, v. i. To form into crystals, or become congealed ; 
to take on the form of candied sugar. 

CANDY, n. A species of confectionery, or compound of 
sugar with some other substance ; as, sugar candy, mo- 
lasses candy, &c. — 2. In Bombay, a weight of 560 pounds. 

CANDY-Ll-ONS-FOOT, n. A plant.— Millet-. 

CANDY-TUFTS, n. ' 1. A plant, the iberis. 2. A Cretan 
flower. 

CANDY-TUFT-TREE, n. A plant.— Cliambers. 

CANDY-IN G, ppr. Conserving with sugar. 

CANDY-ING, n. The act of preserving simples in sub- 
stance, by boiling them in sugar. 

CINE, n. [L. canna.] 1. In botany, this term is applied to 
several species of plants. [See .Sugar-cane.] 2. A walk- 
ing-stick. 3. A lance or dart made of cane. — Dryden. 4. 
A long measure, in several countries of Europe. 

CaNE, v. t. To beat with a cane or walking-stick. 

GaNE'-BRaKE, n. A thicket of canes. 

CaNE'-HoLE, n. A hole or trench for planting the cuttings 
of cane on sugar plantations. 

GaNE'-MILL, n. A mill for grinding sugar-cane for the 
manufacture of sugar. 

GaNE'-TRASH, n. Refuse of sugar-cane after grinding, &c. 

CA-NES'CENT, a. [L. canescens.] Growing white or hoary. 

GA-NIGD-LA, )n. [L. canicula.] A star in the constella- 

CANT-CULE, 5 tion of Canis Major, called, also, the dog- 
star, ox Sirius. 

CA-NICU-LAR, a. [L. canicularis.] Pertaining to the dog- 
star: 

CA-NlNE', a. [L. caninus.] Pertaining to dogs ; having 
the properties or qualities of a dog ; as, a canine appetite, 
insatiable hunger ; canine madness, or hydrophobia. — Ca- 
nine teeth are two sharp-pointed teeth in each jaw of an 
animal, one on each side, between the incisors and grind- 
ers : so named from their resemblance to a dog's teeth. 

GiNING, n. A beating with a stick or cane. 

CAN1S-TER, n. [L. canistrum.] Properly, a small basket, 
as in Dryden ; but more generally, a small box or case, for 
tea, coffee, &c. 

3ANKER, n. [L. cancer ; Sax. cancere, or cancre.] 1. A dis- 
ease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and 
fall. 2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers 
in the mouth, particularly of children. 3. A virulent, cor- 
roding ulcer ; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts, or de- 
stroys. 4. An eating, corroding, virulent humor ; corro- 
sion. 5. A kind of rose, the dog-rose. Slidk. — 6. In far- 
riery, a running thrush of the worst kind ; a disease in 
horses' feet. 



CANK'ER, v. t. 1. To eat, corrode, corrupt, consume, it 

the manner that a cancer affects the body. 2. To infect, 

or pollute. 
CANK'ER, v. i. To grow corrupt ; to decay or waste away 

by means of any noxious cause ; to grow rusty, or to be 

oxydized, as a metal. 
CANK'ER-FLY, n. A fly that preys on fruit. 
CANK'ER-LTKE, a. Eating or corrupting like a canker. 
CANK'ER-W6RM, n. A worm, destructive to tree3 or 

plants. In America, this name is given to a worm that, in 

some years, destroys the leaves of various trees, and espe 

cially of the apple-tree. 
CANK'ER-BIT, a. Bitten with a cankered or envenomed 

tooth.— Shak. 
GANK'ER_ED, pp. or a. 1. Eaten, corroded, or corrupted 

2. Crabbed ; uncivil. — Spenser. 
CANK'ERJD-LY, adv. Crossly ; adversely. 
CANK'ER-OUS, a. Corroding like a canker 
GANK'ER-Y, a. Rusty. 
CAN'NA-BlNE, a. [L. cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp , 

hempen. 

GANNEL-GoAL, ) n. A fossil coal of a black color, suffi- 
GANDLE-G5AL, > ciently hard to be cut and polished. 

It burns readily with a clear yellow flame, and has been 

used as a substitute for candles ; hence the name. 
GANNE-QUIN, n. White cotton cloth from the East In- 
dies, suitable for the Guinea trade. 
GAN'NI-BAL, n. A human being who eats human flesh. 
CANNI-BAL-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of eating hu- 
man flesh by mankind. 2. Murderous cruelty. — Burke. 
CAN'NI-BAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a cannibal. — Shak. 
CANNI-PERS. See Callipers. 
CANNON, n. [Fr. canon.] A large military engine for 

throwing balls, and other instruments of death, by the 

force of gunpowder. 
CANNON-BALL, n. A ball usually made of cast iron, to 

be thrown from cannon. — Cannon-bullet, of the like signi- 
fication, is not now used. 
CAN'NON-BoNE, n. The single metacarpal or metatarsal 

bone of the horse. 
CANNON-METAL, n. A kind of bronze, an alloy of cop 

per and tin. 
CANNON-PROOF, a. Proof against cannon-shot. 
CANNON-SHOT, n. A ball for cannon ; also, the range or 

distance a cannon will throw a ball. 
CAN-NON-aDE', n. The act of discharging cannon and 

throwing balls, for the purpose of destroying an army, oi 

battering_a town, ship, or fort. 
CAN-NON-aDE', v. t. To attack with heavy artillery ; to 

batter with cannon-shot. 
CAN-NON-aDE', v. i. To discharge cannon , to play with 

large guns. 
CAN-NON-ID'ED, pp. Attacked with cannon-shot. 
CAN-NON-aDTNG, ppr. or n. Battering with cannon-shot 
CAN-NON-EER', \ n. A man who manages cannon; an en- 
CAN-NON-lER', 5 gineer. 
GANNON-ING, n. The noise, as it were, of a cannon. — 

Brewer. 
CANNOT, [can and not] These words are usually united, 

but perhaps without good reason ; canst and not are never 

united. 
CANNU-LAR, a. [L. canna.] Tubular ; having the form of 

a tube. 

C ANNIE \ a ' Cautimis ; wary; skillful; dextrous.— Burns. 

GA-NoE' (ka-noo')," n. [Fr. canot ; Sp. canoa.] 1. A boat 
formed of the body or trunk of a tree excavated. 2. A 
boat made of bark or skins, used by savages. 

CAN'ON, n. [Sax., Fr., Span., Port, canon.] 1. In ecclesi 
astical affairs, a law, or rule of doctrine or discipline. 2. 
A law or rule in general. 3. The genuine books of the 
Holy Scriptures, called the sacred canon. 4. A dignitary 
of the Church. Regular canons five an ascetic life in 
monasteries or in community, and to the practice of their 
rules have added the profession of vows. — 5. In monaster- 
ies, a book containing the rules of the order. 6. A cata- 
logue of saints canonized. — 7. Canon of the mass, the en- 
tire offices of the mass, but particularly the secret words 
of the mass from the preface to the Pater.— 8. In ancient 
music, a rule or method for determining the intervals of 

notes. 9. In modern music, a kind of perpetual fugue, in 

which the different parts, beginning one after another, re- 
peat incessantly the same air. Busby.— 10. In geometry 
and algebra, a general rule for the solution of cases of a 
oiven kind. — 11. In pharmacy, a rule for compounding 
medicines. — 12. In surgery, an instrument used in sewing 
up wounds. — Canon-law is a collection of ecclesiastical 
laws, serving as the rule of church government. 

CAN'ON-BIT, n. That part of a bit let into a horse's 
mouth. 

CAN'ON-ESS. n. A woman who enjoys a prebend, affixed, 
by the foundation, to maids, without obliging them to 
make any vows, or renounce the world. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS ;— C as K ; 6 as J ; SasZ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



CAN 



144 



CAN 



G A-N0N1C, 1 a. [L. canonicus.] Pertaining to a canon ; 

€A-NON'IG-AL, ) according to the canon or rule. — Canon- 
ical books, or canonical Scriptures, are those books of the 
Scriptures which are admitted, by the canons of the 
Church, to be of divine origin. — Canonical hours are cer- 
tain stated times of the day, fixed by the ecclesiastical laws, 
or appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion. En- 
cyc. — Canonical obedience is submission to the canons of a 
Church. — Canonical punishments are such as the Church 
may inflict. — Canonical life is the method or rule of living 
prescribed by the ancient clergy who lived hi community. 
-Canonical sins, in the ancient Church, were those for 
which capital punishment was inflicted. — Canonical letters, 
anciently, were letters which passed between the orthodox 
clergy, as testimonials of their faith, to keep up the catho- 
lic communion, and to distinguish them from heretics. — 
Canonical epistles is an appellation given to those epistles 
of the New Testament which are called general or cath- 
olic. — Encyc. 

CA-NON'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner agreeable to the 
canon. 

€A-NON'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being canonical 

€A-NON'I€-ALS, n. pi. The full dress of the clergy, worn 
when they officiate. 

€A-NON'I€-ATE, n. The office of a canon. 

CAN-ON-IC'I-TY, n. The state of belonging to the canon, 
or genuine books of Scripture. 

GAN'ON-IST, n. A professor of canon law ; one skilled in 
the study and practice of ecclesiastical law. 

CAN-ON-ISTIG, a. Having the knowledge of a canonist. 

€AN-ON-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of declaring a man a 
saint, or the act of ranking a deceased person in the cata- 
logue of 6aints. 2. The state of being sainted. 

€AN'ON-lZE, v. t. To declare a man a saint, and rank him 
in the catalogue called a canon. 

€AN'ON-iZ£D, pp. or a. Declared to be a saint. 

GAN'ON-iZ-ING, ppr. Declaring to be a saint. 

€AN'ON-RY, \n. An ecclesiastical benefice in a cathe- 

GAN'ON-SHIP, j dral or collegiate church. 

CAN'0-PI.ED (kan'o-pid), a. Covered with a canopy. 

CAN'O-PY, n. [Gr. ku)vu)t:£iov.] 1. A covering over a throne, 
or over a bed ; more generally, a covering over the head. 
— 2. In architecture and sculpture, a magnificent decora- 
tion, serving to cover and crown an altar, throne, tribunal, 
pulpit, chair, or the like. 

CAN'O-PY, v. t. To cover with a canopy. 

CAN'O-PY-ING, ppr. Covering with a canopy. — Dryden. 

GA-No'ROUS, a. [L. canorus.] Musical ; tuneful. 

€A-N5'ROU8-NESS, n. Musicalness. 

CANT, v. t. [L. canto.] 1. In popular usage, to give a sud- 
den thrust or impulse ; as, to cant round a timber, to cant 
a football. — Forby's East Anglia. 2. To incline or pitch 
forward, as a cask to make it run more freely. 3. To 
speak with a whining voice, or an affected, singing tone. 
[In this sense it is usually intransitive.] 4. To sell by auc- 
tion, or to bid a price at auction. — Swift. 

CANT, n. 1. Literally, a thrust, or impulse, with a sudden 
jerk. 2. An inclination from a horizontal line ; as, to be 
on the cant. 3. A whining, singing manner of speech, ei- 
ther in conversation or preaching. 4. The whining speech 
of beggars, as in asking ahns, and making complaints of 
their distresses. 5. The peculiar words and phrases of 
professional men ; phrases often repeated, or not well au- 
thorized. 6. Any barbarous jargon in speech. 7. Whining 
pretension to goodness. 8. Outcry at a public sale of 
goods ; a call for bidders at an auction. 

CANT, n. [D. hant.] An external angle or quoin of a build- 
ing. — Gwilt. 

•CAN- TAB'I-LE. [It.] In music, denotes a smooth, graceful 
style. 

CAN-TI'BRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cantabria. 

CAN-TA-BRlG'I-AN, n. A student or graduate of the Uni- 
versity of Cambridge, Eng. ; often abridged into Cantab. 

CAN'T A-LIV-ER, \ n. [cantle and eaves.] In architecture, a 

CAN'TI-LEV-ER, 5 piece of wood, framed into the front 
or side of a house, to suspend the molding and eaves 
aver it. 

CAN'T A-LoUPE, \n. A small, round variety of muskmel- 

CAN'TA-LEUP, ) on, of a very delicate flavor. 

CAN-Ta'Ta, n. [It.] A poem set to music ; a composition 
or song, intermixed with recitatives and airs, chiefly in- 
tended for a single voice. 
CAN-Ta'TION, n. A singing. 

CAN-TEEN', n. [It. cantina.] A tin vessel used by soldiers 
for carrying liquor for drink. 

CAN'TLE' S n ' ^ e k" 1 ^ k° w of a saddle. 

CANT'ER, v. ?. [Arm. cantreal.] To move as a horse in a 

moderate gallop, raising the two fore feet nearly at the 

same time, with a leap or spring. 
CANT'ER, v. t. To ride upon a canter. 
CANTER, n. 1. A moderate gallop ; a Canterbury gallop. 

2. One who cants, or whines. 



CANT'ER-BUR-Y (kanfer-ber-ry), n. A receptacle for ran 
sic, port folios, loose papers, &c., being a stand with di 
visions. 

CANT'ER-BUR-Y-BELL' (kanfer-ber-re-bel* ;i. A specie? 
of campanula. See Bell-flower. 

CANTER-BUR- Y-GAL'LOP, n. The moderate gallop of a 
horse, commonly called a canter ; said to be derived from 
the pilgrims riding to Canterbury at this pace. 

CANT'ER-BUR-Y TaLE, n. A fabulous story ; so calleo 
from the tales of Chaucer. 

CANTERED, pp. Ridden upon a canter. 

CANT'ER-ING, ppr. Moving or riding with a moderate gal 
lop. 

CAN-THAR'I-DeS, n. pi. ; Can'tha-ris, sing. [Gr. KavOa 
pis.] Spanish flies, used to raise a blister. 

CAN-THAR'I-DIN, n. That peculiar substance existing in 
cantharides, which causes vesication. 

CANTH'US, n. [Gr. KavOos.] An angle of the eye; a cavity 
at each extremity of the eyelids. 

CAN'TI-CLE, n. [Sp. and It. cantico.] 1. A song.— In the 
plural, Canticles, the Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon. 
2. A canto ; a division of a song ; [obs.] 

CAN'TI-LEV-ER, n. See CantalIver. 

CAN'TIL-LaTE, v. t. [L. cantillo.] To chant ; to recite with 
musical tones. — M. Stuart. 

CAN-TIL-La'TION, n. A chanting ; recitation with music 
al modulations. 

CANTING, ppr. or a. 1. Giving a sudden thrust or impulse 
2. Speaking with a whine. 3. n. Ridiculous pretense o\ 
goodness. 

CANT'ING-LY, adv. With a cant. 

CANT'ING-NESS, n. Quality of uttering hi cant. 

t CAN'TION, n. A song or verses. — Spenser. 

t CAN'TLE, n. [Arm. chantell ; Fr. chanteau.] A fragment , 
a corner or edge of any thing ; the hind bow of a saddle. 

f CAN'TLE, v. t. To cut into pieces ; to cut out a piece. 

CANT'LET, n. A piece ; a little corner ; a fragment. 

CAN'TO, n. [It.] A part or division of a poem, answering 
to what, in prose, is called a booh. In Italian, canto is a 
song, and it signifies, also, the treble part, first treble, or 
highest vocal part, or the leading melody. 

€ AN'TON, n. [It. cantone.] 1. A small division of territory ; 
also, the inhabitants of a canton. 2. A small portion or 
district of territory, constituting a distinct state or govern- 
ment, as in Switzerland. — 3. In heraldry, a corner of the 
shield. 4. A distinct part or division ; as, the canton of a 
painting. 

CAN'TON, v. t. [Sp. acantonar.] 1. To divide into small 
parts or districts, as territory. 2. To allot separate quar- 
ters to different parts or divisions of an army or body of 
troops. 

CAN'TON-AL, a. Pertaining to a canton ; divided into can- 
tons. 

GAN'TONUD, pp. Divided into distinct parts or quarters , 
lodged in distinct quarters, as troops. 

CAN'TON-ING, ppr. Dividing into distinct districts ; allot- 
ting separate quarters to each regiment. 

CANTON-lZE, v. t. To canton, or divide into small dis- 
tricts. — Davies. 

CAN'TON-MENT, n. A part of a town or village, assigned 
to a particular body of troops ; separate quarters. 

CAN'TRAP. [L. cantus.] 1. An incantation or spell. 2. Mis- 
chief artfully performed. — Scottish. 

CAN'TRJSD, > n. [L. centum.] A hundred villages, as in 

CAN'TREF, 5 Wales. 

CAN'VAS, n. [Fr. canevas.] 1. A coarse cloth, made of 
hemp or flax, used for tents, sails of ships, painting, and 
other purposes. 2. A clear, unbleached cloth, wove reg- 
ularly in little squares, used for working tapestry with the 
needle. — 3. Among the French, the rough draught or model 
on which an air or piece of music is composed, and given 
to a poet to finish. — 1 Among seamen, cloth in sails, or 
sails in general. 

CAN'VAS-BACK, n. A kind of duck, so called from the 
color of its back, found in the rivers of Chesapeake Bay, 
and highly e_steemed for the delicacy of its flesh. 

CAN'VAS-CLlMB'ER (-klim'er), n. A sailor that goes aloft 
to handle sails. — Shah. 

CAN'VASS, v. t. [Old Fr. cannabasser.] 1. To discuss. 2 
To examine returns of votes ; to search or scrutinize. 3 
To go through in the way of solicitation ; as, to canvass i 
district for votes. 

CAN'VASS, v. i. To seek, or go about to solicit votes or in 
terest ; to use efforts to obtain ; to make interest in favor of 

CAN'VASS, n. 1. Examination : close inspection to know 
the state of. 2. Discussion ; de&ate. 3. A seeking, solici- 
tation, or efforts to obtain. 

CAN'VASSiSD (kan'vast), pp. Discussed ; examined. 

CAN'VASS-ER, n. 1. One who solicits votes, or goes about 
to make interest. 2. One who examines the returns of 
votes for a public officer. 

CAN'VASS-ING, ppr. Discussing; examining; sifting; 6eek^ 
ing. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARlNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



CAP 



145 



CAP 



t-'AN'VASS-ING, n. The act of discussing, examining, or 
making interest. 

€a'NY, a. Consisting of cane, or abounding with canes ; 
made of cane. 

€AN-ZO'NE, n. [It.] A song or air in twe >r three parts, 
with passages of fugue and imitation. 

GAN-ZO-NET', n. [It. canzonetta.] A little or short song, in 
one, two, or three parts. 

CAOUTCHOUC (koo'chook), n. Indian rubber, an elastic 
substance produced from the Hcvea Guianensis, and va- 
rious other plants in South America and Asia. It is im- 
penetrable by water. 

GAOUT'CHoU-ClNE (koo'choo-sin), n. A highly inflamma- 
ble and very light, volatile, oily liquid, obtained by distil- 
lation from caoutchouc. — Brande. It is called caoutchine 
by Graham. 

GAP, n. [Sax. cceppe.] 1. A part of dress made to cover the 
head.' 2. The ensign of a cardinalate. 3. The top, or the 
uppermost; the highest. 4. A vessel in form of a cap. 
5, An act of respect, made by uncovering the head. 

GAP, v. t. 1. To cover the top, or end ; to spread over. 2. 
To deprive of the cap, or take off a cap. — To cap verses, is 
to name alternately verses beginning with a particular let- 
ter ; to name in opposition or emulation ; to name alter- 
nately in contest. 

I €AP, v. i. To uncover the head in reverence or civility. 

GAP-A-PiE' (kap-a-pee'). [Fr.] From head to foot; as, 
armed cap-a-pie. 

GAP'-PI-PER, n. A coarse paper, so called from being 
used to make caps to hold commodities. — Boyle. 

CAP'-SQUaPlES, n. pi. Strong plates of iron which come 
over the trunnions of a cannon and hold it down. 

Ga-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable ; capacity ; 
capableness. — Sliak. 

Ga'PA-BLE, a. [Fr. capable.] Having the requisite capacity or 
ability, physical, intellectual, moral, civil, &c. 1. Physical ; 
as, a box capable of holding the books. 2. Intellectual ; as, 
a capable instructoi\ 3. Moral; as, capable of generous 
feeling ; not capable of a base action. 4. Civil ; as, capable 
of holding office. Shakspeare uses it for hollow; [obs.] — 
Syn. Able ; competent ; qualified ; fitted ; efficient ; ef- 
fective ; skillful. 

Ga'PA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being capa- 
ble ; capacity ; power of understanding ; knowledge 

CA-PAC'I-Fx", v. t. To qualify. [Unusual.] 

CA-PI'CIOUS (ka-pa'shus), a. [L. capax.) 1. That will hold 
or embrace much ; as, a capacious building, or harbor. — 
2. Figuratively, able to take large views ; as, a capacious 
intellect— Syn. Large; wide; broad; extensive; ample; 
comprehensive. 

GA-PI'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a wide or capacious manner. 

GA-PI'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Wideness ; largeness ; as of a 
vessel. 2. Extensiveness ; largeness ; as of a bay. 3. 
Comprehensiveness ; power of taking a wide survey. 

GA-PACI-TITE, v. t. 1. To make capable ; to enable ; to 
furnish with natural power. 2. To endue with moral 
qualifications ; to qualify ; to furnish with legal powers. 

GA-PAGT-TI-TED, pp. Made capable ; qualified. 

CA-PAC-I-Ti'TION, n. The act of making capable. 

CA-PAd-TY, n. [L.capacitas.] 1. Passive power ; the pow- 
er of containing or holding ; extent of room or space. 
2. The extent or comprehensiveness of the mind ; the 
power of receiving ideas or knowledge. 3. Active pow- 
er ; ability. 4. State ; condition ; character ; profession ; 
occupation. 5. Ability, in a moral or legal sense ; qualifi- 
cation; legal power or right. — 6. In geometry, the solid 
contents of a body. — 7. In chemistry, that state, quality, 
or constitution of bodies by which they absorb and con- 
tain, or render latent, any fluid. — Syn. Ability ; faculty ; 
talent; capability; skill; efficiency. 

€A-P ART-SON, n. [Sp. caparazon.] A cloth or covering 
laid over the saddle or furniture of a horse. 

GA-PARl-SON, v. t. 1. To cover with a cloth, as a horse. 
2. To dress pompously ; to adorn with rich dress. 

GA-PAR1-SON.ED, pp. Covered with a cloth ; dressed pomp- 
ously. 

GA-PAR'I-SON-ING, ppr. Dressing pompously. 

GAP'GaSE, n. A covered case. 

G1PE, n. [Sp., Port, cabo ; Italian capo ; French cap.] 1. 
A head-land ; properly, the head, point, or termination of 
a neck of land, extending some distance into the sea, 
beyond the common shore. 2. That part of a garment 
which hangs from the neck behind and over the shoul- 
ders. 

CAP'E-LAN, n. A small fish of the northern seas. 

CA-PEL'LA, n. A bright fixed star in Auriga. 

€AP'EL-LET, n. A kind of swelling, like a wen, growing 
on the heel of the hock on a horse, and on the point of the 
elbow. 

CI'PER, v. i. [Fr. cabrer.] To leap ; to skip or jump ; to 
prance ; to spring. 

CI'PER, n. A leap; a skip; a spring; as in dancing or 
mirth, or in the frolic of a goat or lamb. 



Ga'PER, n. [Fr. capre.] The flower-bud of the caper-busk 
which is much used for pickling. 

Ca'PER-BUSH, n. A low shrub brought from the south of 
Europe, and sending forth large white flowers with long 
purple stamens. 

€a'PER-€UT TING, a. Leaping or dancing in a frolic 
some manner. — Beaui.i. <V Fl. 

GX'PER-ER, n One who capers, leaps, and skips about, or 
dances. 

Ga'PER-ING, ppr. or a. Leaping ; skipping. 

Ga'PI-AS, n. [L. capio.] In law, awrit of two sorts; one be 
fore judgment, the other after judgment. 

GA-PIB'A-NA, n. A rodent animal -"the cabiai. 

GAP-IL-LI'CEOUS, a. Having long filaments ; hairy. 

€AP-IL-LaIRE', n. [Fr.] Originally, a kind of sirup, ex- 
tracted from maiden-hair. Now, any simple sirup, flavor 
ed with orange-flower water. — Brande. 

GA-PIL'LA-MENT, n. [L. cap ilium entum.] 1. A filament, a 
small fine thread, like a hair, that grows in the middle ci 
a flower, with a little knob at the top ; a chive. 2. One (4 
the fine fibres or filaments of which the nerves are com 
posed. 

GAP-IL-AR'I-TY, n. The state or condition of being capii 
lary. 

* G AP'IL-LA-RY, or GA-P1LLA-RY, a. [L. capillaris.] 1. Re- 
sembling a hair, fine, minute, small in diameter, though 
long. — 2. In botany, capillary plants are hair-shaped, as the 
ferns. 3. Pertaining to capillary tubes, and to capillary 
vessels in animals. Capillary attraction or repulsion, the 
cause which determines the ascent or descent of a fluid in 
capillary tubes. 

GAP'IL-LA-RY, n. A fine vessel or canal. The capillaries 
are minute vessels of the sanguineous system, interposed 
between the arteries and veins. 

t GAP-IL-La'TION, n. A blood-vessel like a hair. 

GA-PIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. capillus and forma.] In the shape 
or form of a hair, or of hairs. 

GAP'I-TAL, a. [L. capitalis.] 1. Literally, pertaining to the 
head ; [this use is not common.] 2. First in importance ; 
as, the capital articles of one's faith. 3. Punishable by loss 
of the head or of life. 4. Taking away life, or affecting 
life; as, capital punishment. 5. Great; important; as, a 
capital speculation. 6. Large ; of great size ; as, capital 
letters. — Capital stock is the sum of money or stock which ■ 
a merchant, banker, or manufacturer employs in his busi 
ness. — Syn. Chief; principal; leading; controlling; prom 
inent. 

GAP'I-TAL, n. [L. capitellum.] The uppermost part of a 
column, pillar, or pilaster. By the customary omission, of 
the noun, to which the adjective, capital, refers, it stands 
for, 1. The chief city or town in a kingdom or state; a 
metropolis. 2. A large letter or type, in printing. 3. A 
stock in trade, in manufactures, or in any business re- 
quiring the expenditure of money with a view to profit. 

GAP'I-TAL-IST, n. A man who has a capital or stock in 
trade. — Burki. 

GAP'I-TAL-LY, adv. 1. In a capital or excellent manner; 
nobly ; finer./-. 2. In a way involving loss of fife. 

GAPT-TAL-NLSS, n. A capital offense. [Little used.] 

GAP'I-TaTE. a, [L. capitatus.] In botany, growing in a 
head, applied to a flower, or stigma. 

GAP-I-Ta'TION, ii. [L. capitatio] 1. Numeration by the 
head; a numbering of persons. 2. A tax, or imposition 
upon each head or person ; a poll-tax. Sometimes writ- 
ten capitation-tax. 

■GAP'I-TE. [L.] In English law, a tenant in capite, or in 
chief, is one who holds lands immediately of the king. 

GAP'I-TOL, n. [L. capitolium.] 1. The Temple of Jupiter, 
in Rome, and a fort, or castle, on the Mons Capitolinus. 
2. The edifice occupied by the Congress of the United 
States in their deliberations. In some states, the state- 
house, or house in which the legislature holds its sessions. 

GAP'I-TOL-Jnf' \°" F ertamm o t0 me Capitol in Rome. 

CA-PITU-LAR, } n. [L. capitulum.] 1. An act passed in 

GA-PITU-LA-RY, > a chapter, either of knights, canons, 
or religious. 2. The body of laws or statutes of a chap- 
ter, or of an ecclesiastical council. 3. The member of a 
chapter. 4. The laws made by Charlemagne, and other 
early French kings, have been called capitularies. 

GA-PIT'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the form of an ecclesiastical 
chapter. — Swift. 

G A-PITU-LA-RY, a. Relating to the chapter of a cathedral. 

GA-PITU-LaTE, v. i. 1. To draw up a writing in chapters, 
heads, or articles.— Shah. ; [obs.] 2 To surrender as an 
army or garrison, to an enemy, by treaty. 

GA-PIT-U-Ll'TION, ii. 1. The act of capitulating, or sur- 
rendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms. 2. The 
treaty or instrument containing the conditions of surren- 
der. 3. A reducing to heads ; a formal agreement ; [not 
much used.] 

GA-PIT'U-La-TOR, n. One who capitulates. 

tGAP'I-TULE, n. A summary.— Wickliffe. 



DAVE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as 



K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; ell %* 2 r l TH as in this. \Oltoku 



CAP 



146 



CAP 



CA-PIT'U-LUM, ?2. [L.] In botany, a species or mode of in- 
florescence, in which the flowers are sessile, on the same 
horizontal plane of the peduncle. 

A -Pi' VI, to. A balsam of the Spanish West Indies. See 
Copaiba. 

GAP'NO-MAN-CY, to. [Gr. xairvos and (lavraa.] Divination 
by the ascent or motion of smoke. 

CAPTCO-MOR, to. [Gr. m-nvos and fioipa.] A transparent, 
colorless, oil-like fluid obtained from the smoke of organic 
bodies. 

GA-P5CH' (ka-pooch'), to. [Sp. capucko,] A monk's hood ; 
silso. the hood of a cloak. 

f GA-P6CH, v. t. To cover with a hood; hence, to hood- 
wink or blindfold. — Hudibras. 

Ca'PON (ka'pn), n. [Sp. capon.] A young cock which has 
been castrated for the purpose of improving his flesh for 
the table. 

Ga'PON-iZE, I v ' L To castrate > as a cock.— Birch. 

GAP-ON-IeRE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a passage from one 
part of a work to another, protected on each side by a 
wall or parapet, and sometimes covered overhead. When 
there is a parapet, or wall, on one side only, it is called a 
demi-caponiere. — Brande. 

€A-POT, n. [Fr.] A winning of all the tricks of cards at 
the game ot piquet. 

GA-POT", v. t. To win all the tricks of cards at piquet. 

GA-PoTE', n. An outer garment worn in the East. 

GAP'PER, n. One whose business is to make or sell caps. 

■GAP'RATE, n. A salt formed by the union of capric acid 
with a base. 

CAP'RE-O-LATE, a. [L. capreolus.] In botany, having ten- 
drils, or filiform spiral claspers. 

■GA-PRlC'CIO (ka-preefcho). [It. freak, whim.] A loose, 
irregular kind of music. 

■VA-PRIC-CIO'SO. [It.] A free, fantastic style of music. 

CAP'RIG ACID, n. An acid obtained from butter. It has 
the peculiar smell of the goat, and hence the name. 

GA-PRlCE' (ka-prees'), to. [Fr. caprice.] A sudden start of the 
mind ; a sudden change of opinion, or humor. — Syn. Freak ; 
whim; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey; fickleness. 

CA-PRlCH'I-O, n. Freak; fancy.— Shak. 

eA-PRi"CIOUS (ka-prish'us), a. Apt to change opinions 
suddenly, or to start from one's purpose ; subject to change 
or irregularity. — Syn. Freakish ; whimsical ; unsteady ; 
changeable ; fickle ; fanciful. 

€A-PRi"CIOUS-LY, adv. In a capricious manner ; whim- 
sic oil v 

CA-PRI"CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being led by 
caprice ; whimsicalness ; unsteadiness of purpose or opin- 
ion. 2. Unsteadiness ; liableness to sudden changes. 

G AP'RI-CORN, to. [L. capricornus.] One of the twelve signs 
of the zodiac, the winter solstice. 

€AP'RID, a. [L. capra, a goat] Relating to that tribe of 
ruminant mammals, of which the genus Capra is the type. 

€AP-RI-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. caprificatio.] 1. The supposed 
impregnation of the fig by an insect. 2. A mode of ripen- 
ing figs, by subjecting them to the puncture of certain in- 
sects, or by the puncture of a needle dipped in oil. 

€AP'RI-FOLE, n. [L. caprifolium.] Honeysuckle ; wood- 
bine. — Spenser. 

GAP'RI-FORM, a. [L. caper and forma.] Having the form 
of a goat. — Eel. Rev. 

CA-PRIG'E-NOUS, a. Produced by a goat 

GAP'RINE, n. A substance found in butter, which, with 
butyrin and caprone, gives it its peculiar agreeable taste 
and odor. 

f!AP'RI-OLE, n. [Fr., now cabriole ; Sp., Port, cabriola.] In 
the manege, caprioles are leaps that a horse makes in the 
same place without advancing. 

CAP'RI-PED, a. [L. caper and pes.] Having feet like those 
of a goat. 

C APHO-ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of capric acid 
with a base. 

GAP-Ro'IC ACID, n. An acid obtained from butter, having 
the odor of sweat and a nauseous sweetish taste. 

GAP'RONE, n. A substance found in butter ; a compound 
of caproic acid and glycera. 

GAP'SHeAF, 7i. The top sheaf of a stack of grain ; the 
crowner. 

GAP'SI-CUM, n. Cayenne pepper. — Chambers. 

CAP'SlZE', v. t. To upset or overturn ; a seaman's phrase. 

GAP'SlZ.ED (kap-sizdO, pp. Overset. 

CAP'SlZ-ING, ppr. Overturning. 

GAP'STAN, n. ; sometimes written capstern. [Fr. cabestm.] 
A strong, massy column of timber, formed like a truncated 
cone, and having its upper extremity pierced, to receive 
bars or levers, for winding a rope round it to raise great 
weights. 

€AP'SU-LAR, » „.. ... , . 

GAP'SU-LA-RY, } a ' HoUow > '^e a chest 

GAP'S U-LATE, \ a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest 

GAP'SU-LI-TED, 5 or box. 



CAPSULE, }n. [L.capsula.] 1. In botany, a dry, many-seed 

GAP'SU-LA, 5 ed pericarp, or seed-vessel, which opens by 
valves. 2. A small saucer made of clay for roasting sam- 
ples of ores for melting them. Also, a small, shallow 
evaporating dish. 

GAP'TAIN (kap'tin), n [Fr. capitaine.] 1. Literally, a head 
or chief officer; appropriately, the military officer who 
commands a company. 2. The commander of a ship. 3. 
The commander of a military band. 4. A man skilled in 
war or military affairs. 5. A chief commander. — Shak. 
But in this sense rarely used but in composition. 

Captain-general is the commander in chief of an army, or oi 
the militia. — Captain-lieutenant is an officer, who, with the 
rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, commands a com- 
pany or troop. — Captain-bashaw, or Capudan-bashaw, in 
Turkey, is the high admiral. 

GAP'TAIN, a. Chief; valiant.— Skak. 

GAP'TAIN-CY, to. 1. The rank, post, or commission of a 
captain. — Washington. 2. The jurisdiction of a captain, 
or commander, as in South America. 

GAP'TAIN-RY, to. The power or command over a certain 
distinct ; chieftainship. — Spenser. 

GAP'TAIN-SHIP, to. 1. The condition or post of a captain 
or chief commander. 2. The rank, quality, or post of ? 
captain; [captaincy is more common.] 3. The command 
of a clan, or government of a certain district. 4. Skill it. 
military affairs. 

t GAP-Ta'TION, to. [L. captatio.] The act or practice of 
catching favor or applause by flattery or address. 

CAPTION, to. [L. captio.] 1. The act of taking or appre- 
hending by a judicial process ; [Utile used.] 2. A certifi- 
cate appended to a legal instrument, showing when, where, 
and by what authority it was taken, found, or executed. — 
Bouvier. 

CAPTIOUS (kap'shus), a. [L. captiosus.] 1. Disposed to 
find fault, or raise objections ; as, a captious question. 2. 
Fitted to catch or insnare ; as, a captious criticism. 3. 
Proceeding from a caviling disposition. — Syn. Caviling , 
carping ; fault-finding ; censorious ; critical ; peevish ; in 
sidious ; insnaring. 

GAP'TIOUS-LY, adv. In a captious manner , with an incli. 
nation or intention to object or censure. 

GAP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to find fault; inclination 
to object ; peevishness. — Locke. 

GAPTI-VaTE, v. t. [L. captivo.] 1. To take prisoner, as an 
enemy in war.— Shak. ; [obs.] 2. To overpower and gain 
with excellence or beauty ; to engage the affections ; to 
bind in love. Addison.— Syn. To enslave ; subdue ; over 
power ; charm ; enchant ; fascinate ; lead captive. 

GAPTI-VATE, a. Taken prisoner.— Shak 

GAPTI-Vi-TED, pp. Made prisoner ; charmed. 

GAPTI-Va-TING, ppr. 1. Taking prisoner ; engaging th- 
affections. 2. a. Having power to engage the affections. 

GAP-TI-Va'TION, to. The act of takins one captive. 

CAPTIVE, n. [Fr. captif.] 1. A prisoner taken in war bj 
an enemy. 2. One who is charmed or subdued by beaut> 
or excellence ; one whose affections are seized. 3. One 
who is insnared by love or flattery, or by wiles. 4. A 
slave. 

CAPTIVE, a. 1. Made prisoner in war ; kept in bondage 
or confinement. 2. Holding in confinement. 

f CAPTIVE, v. t. To take prisoner ; to bring into subjec 
tion. — Dryden. 

GAP-TIV'I-TY, to. [Fr. captivite ; L. captivitas.] 1. The state 
of being a prisoner. 2. Subjection to love. 3. A state ot 
being under control. — Syn. Imprisonment ; confinement ; 
bondage ; subjection ; servitude ; slavery. 

CAPTOR, to. [L. capio.] One who takes, as a prisoner oi 
a prize. It is, appropriately, one who takes a prize at sea. 

CAPTURE (kapfyur), to. [L. captura ; Fr. capture.] 1. The 
act of taking or seizing. 2. The thing taken ; a prize ; 
prey taken by force, surprise, or stratagem. — Syn. Seiz- 
ure ; arrest ; detention. 

CAPTURE, v. t. To take or seize by force, surprise, or 
stratagem, as an enemy or his property ; to take by force 
under the authority of a commission. 

CAPTURED (kapf yurd), pp. or a. Taken as a prize. 

CAPTUR-ING, ppr. Seizing as a prize. 

GA-PUCCI-O (ka-puch'i-o), to. [It] A capuchin, or hood. 

CA-PUCH'^D, a. Covered with a hood.— Brown. [Rare.] 

€AP-U-cHlN' (kap-u-sheen'), to. [Fr. capucine.] 1. A gar- 
ment for females, consisting of a cloak and hood, made in 
imitation of the dress of capuchin monks. 2. A pigeon 
whose head is covered with feathers. 

GAP-U-cHiN', to. One of the monks of the order of St 
Francis, who cover their heads with a capuchon or cowl. 

GAP'U-CINE, n. A species of monkey, the sagoo, or sat. 

GAP'U-LIN, to. The- Mexican cherry. 

Ga'PUT (ka'put), n. [L. the head.] A council of six per- 
sons, annually choser, in the University of Cambridge. Eng- 
land, by whom every grace must be examined and appro- 
ved before it can be acted upon by the senate. — Cain. Col. 

€a'P UT MOR'TU- UM. [L.l The inert residuum after the 



See Synopsis, a, f I, &c, long.— I, e, i, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MSVE, BOOK 



CAR 



147 



CAit 



eul Jiniation or distillation of any substance. Hence, worth- 
less residuum or remains. — Junius. 

PATTR ^ n names °f places, it is sometimes the Celtic 

piVatr X C aer ' a t° wn or c lty> as * n Caermarthen. 

CAR, n. [W. car.] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels, 
usually drawn by one horse. — 2. In poetical language, any 
vehicle of dignity or splendor ; a chariot of war, or of tri- 
umph. 3. A large carriage used on rail-roads. 4. The 
consteUation called Charles's wain, or the bear. 

CARA--BINE, ? n. [Fr. carabine.] A short gun, or fire-arm, 

CIR'BlNE, > carrying a ball of 24 to the pound. 

CAR-A-BI-NEER', n. A man who carries a carabine ; one 
who carries a longer carabine than others, which is some- 
times used on foot. 

CARAG, ) n. f Port, carraca ; Fr. caraque.) A large ship 

€ AR AC K, ) of burden ; a Portuguese Indiaman. 

CARA-C AL, n. A species of lynx. 

€AR'A-€oLE, n. [Fr. caracole.] 1. In the manege, a semi- 
round, or half turn, which a horseman makes. — 2. In ar- 
chitecture, a winding staircase. 

€ARA-€oLE, v. i. To move in a caracole ; to wheel. 

CARA-C5L-ING, ppr. Moving in a caracole. 

€AR'A-€OL-l, n. A mixture of gold, silver, and copper. 

CAR'A-MEL, n. Burned sugar dissolved in water, and used 
for coloring spirits. 

€AR'AT, n. [It. carato ; Fr. carat.] 1. The weight of four 
grains, used by goldsmiths and jewelers. 2. The weight 
that expresses the fineness of gold. The whole mass of 
gold is divided into 24 equal parts, and as many 24th parts 
as it contains of pure gold, it is called gold of so many car- 
ats. Thus, gold of twenty -two parts of pure metal is gold 
of twenty-two carats. 3. The value of any thing ; [obs.] 

CAR' A- VAN, n. [Ar., Sp. caravana; Fr. caravane.] 1. A 
company of travelers associated together for mutual se- 
curity in traversing various desert parts of Asia and Africa. 
2. A large, close carriage for holding wild beasts, when 
carried round as a show. 

OAR-A-VAN'SA-RY, > n. A kind of inn in the East, where 

CAR-A-VAN'SE-RA, > caravans and other travelers rest at 
night, being a large, square building, with a spacious court 
in the middle. 

CAR'A-VEL, in. [Sp. caravela; It. caravello ; Fr. caravelle.] 

CaR'VEL, S 1- A small vessel on the coast of France, 
used in the herring fishery. 2. A light, round, old-fash- 
ioned ship. 

CAR/A- WAY, n. [Gr. Kapos, Kapov.] A plant of the genus 
carum, a biennial plant. 

•PAR-BA-ZOT'I€ ACID, n. [carbon and azote.] A yellow, 
bitter, cry stalliz able substance, obtained by the action of 
nitric acid on indigo and some other substances. 

CaR'BiNE. See Carabine. 

CaR'BON, n. [h.carbo; Sp. carbon.] An elementary, com- 
bustible substance, existing pure and crystallized in the 
diamond, and forming the basis of animal and vegetable 
charcoal, and of coke. 

CXR-BON-a'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing, or 
composed of carbon. See Carbonic. 

CaR'BO-NaDE, n. Flesh, fowl, or the like, cut across, sea- 
soned, and broiled on coals. 

GaR'BO-NaDE, v. t. To cut or hack.— Shak. 

•GaR-BO-NaD'ED, pp. Cut for broiling or frying. 

CaR-BO-NaDTNG, ppr. Cutting for broiling or frying. 

CART.ON-ATE, n. In chemistry, a compound formed by 
the union of carbonic acid with a base ; as, the carbonate 
of lime. 

€AR'BfiN-A"TED, a. Combined with carbonic acid. 

€aP»-BON'I€, a. Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it. 
Ca>ionic acid is a combination of carbon and oxygen, in 
whifh the latter exists in the greatest proportion, often 
called fixed air. It gives the peculiar pungency to cham- 
pagne wine, bottled cider, beer, &c. Carbonic oxyd, a gas- 
eous compound of oxygen and carbon, containing a less 
proportion of oxygen than exists in carbonic acid. 

CAR-BON-IF'ER-OUS, a. [h.carbo and fero.] Producing or 
containing carbon or coal. 

CaR-BON-1-ZITION, n. The act or process of carbonizing. 

CaR'BON-IZE, v. t. To convert into carbon by combustion 
or the action of fire. 

CaR'BON-IZ_ED, pp. Converted into carbon or charcoal. 

'CaRBON-iZ-ING, ppr. Converting into carbon. 

CAR-BON -O-HY'DROUS, a. [L. carbon, and Gr. vSwp.] Com- 
posed of carbon and hydrogen. 

€AR'BOY, n. A large globular bottle of green glass, pro- 
tected by basket-work. 

€AR'BO-SUL'PHU-RET, n. A term formerly applied to 
the compounds formed by the action of the bisulphuret of 
carbon on the metallic and alkaline metallic sulphurets. 

CaR'BUN-CLE (karl)unk-l), n. [L. carbunculus.] 1. An an- 
thrax ; an inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil 
or ulcer. 2. A beautiful gem, of a deep-red color ; proba- 
bly the Oriental ruby, or some crystallized variety of co- 
rundum. — 3. In heraldry, a charge or bearing consisting of 



eight radii, four of which make a common cross, and tt-e 
other four a saltier. 

CARBUN-GL.ED (kar'bunk-ld), a. Set with carbuncles; 
spotted. 

CaR-BUNCU-LAR, a. Belonging to a carbuncle ; resem 
bling a carbuncle ; red ; inflamed. 

CaR-BUNC-U-La'TION,?*, [h.carbunculatio.] The blasting 
of the young buds of trees or plants. 

€ aR'BU-RET, n. A combination of carbon with some other 
substance, the resulting compound not being an acid or base. 

CAR'BU-RET-ED, a. Combined with carbon in the man 
ner of a carburet ; as, carbureted hydrogen. 

€ AR'CA-JoU, n. The glutton, a voracious, carnivorous quad- 
ruped. 

CaR'CA-NET, n. [Fr. carcan.] A chain or collar of jewels 

CAR'CASS, n. [Fr. carcasse.] 1. The body of an animal ; 
usually the body when dead. 2. The df caying remains 
of a bulky thing, as of a boat or ship. 3. The frame or 
main parts of a thing unfinished, or without ornament 

CaR'CASS, n. [It. carcassa.] An iron case or hollow ves- 
sel, about the size of a bomb, of an oval figure, filled with 
combustible and other substances, as meal-powder, salt- 
petre, sulphur, broken glass, turpentine, Sec, to be thrown 
from a mortar into a town, to set fire to buildings. 

t CaR'CEL-A6E, n. [L. career.] Prison fees. 

CaR'CEL-LAMP, n. A lamp in which the oil is raised 
through tubes by clock-work, so as continually to over- 
flow at the bottom of the burning wick, thus producing a 
very clear and brilliant light. 

CaR/CER, n. [L.] A starting-post. 

CaR'CER-AL, a. Belonging to a prison. 

CaR-CI-No'MA, n. [Gr. KapKivu>ua.] A cancer ; also, a tur 
gescence of the veins of the eye. 

CaR-CI-No'MA-TOUS, a. Cancerous ; like a cancer, or tend- 
ing to it. 

CARD, n. [Fr. carte.] 1. A paper or pasteboard of an ob- 
long figure, on which are painted figures or points ; used 
in games. 2. A piece of pasteboard used for containing a 
person's name, address, &c, or for conveying an invitation, 
or a business advertisement, &c. 3. A note published by 
some one in the papers, containing a brief statement, ex- 
planation, request, &c. 4. The paper on which the points 
of the compass are marked. 

CARD, v. i. To play much at cards ; to game. 

CARD, n. [D. kaard.] An instrument for combing, opening, 
and breaking wool or flax. 

CARD, v. t. To comb, or open wool, flax, hemp, &c, with 
a card or carding-machine. 

CaRD'-MaK-ER, n. A maker of cards. 

CARD -MATCH, n. A match made by dipping pieces ef 
card in melted sulphur. 

CaRD'-Ta-BLE, n. 1. A gambling table. 2. A table, one 
of whoseleaves folds over on the other. 

ClRDA-MlNE, n. [Gr.] A genus of plants, including lady's 
smock, cuckoo-fiower, meadow-cress, Sec. 

CiRD'A-MOM, n. [Gr. KapSauuuov.] A plant of the genus 
amomum. 

CiRD'ED, pp. or a. Combed ; opened ; cleansed with cards. 

CaRD'ER, n. One who cards wool ; also, one who plays 
much at cards. — Wotton. 

GiR'DI-AG, la. [L. cardiacus.] 1. Pertaining to the 

CaR-Di'AC-AL, ) heart. 2. Exciting action in the heart 
through the medium of the stomach. — The cardiac orifice 
of the stomach is the upper or left orifice, so called from 
its vicinity to the heart. 

CaR'DI-AC, n. A medicine which excites action in the 
stomach, and animates the spirits. 

CaR'DI-ACE, n. A precious stone. 

CXR-DI-AL'GI-A, in. [Gr. icapSia and aXyoi-] The heartburn. 

CiR'DI-AL-6Y, 5 R i s called, also, the cardiac passion. 

CaB'DI-NAL, a. [L. cardinalis.] Chief, principal, pre-eml, 
nent, or fundamental ; as, the cardinal virtues, which pa- 
gans supposed to be justice, prudence, temperance, and 
fortitude. — Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, 
&c, in distinction from first, second, third, &c, which are 
ordinal numbers.— Cardinal points, the four points of the 
compass. 

CaRDI-NAL, n. 1. An ecclesiastical prince in the Roman 
Catholic Church, who has a voice in the conclave at the 
election of a pope. 2. A woman's short cloak. 

€aR'DI-NAL-FLOW-ER n. A plant, a native of North 
America, the lobelia cardinalis ; so called from its brilliant 
red flowers, resembling in color a cardinal's dress. 

CaRDI-NAL- ATE, \ n. The office, rank, or dignity of a 

CARDI-NAL-SHIP, j cardinal. 

€aRTJI-NAL-IZE, v. t. To make a cardinal [Little used.] 

CiRD'lNG, ppr. or a. 1. Combing, as flax, wool, &c. 2. 
The act of playiug a", cards. [Little used.] 

CiRD'lNG. n. The act of breaking or cleansing with cards. 

€aRD'ING-MA-cHxNE', tj. A machine for combing, break- 
ing, and cleansing wool and cotton. 

CaR'DI-OID, n. [Gr. xaflSia ind e^o?.] An algebraic cur^ 
so called from its resemblance to a heart 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;- -AN "GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as In this, <t Obs>letc. 



CAR 



148 



CAR 



OAR-DIOL'O-dY, n. The science which treats of the heart. 
GAR-Dl'TIS, n. Inflammation of the fleshy substance of the 

heart. 
GaR-DOON', n. [Sp. cardon.] A species of cynara, resem- 
bling the artichoke, but larger, used in cookery. 
GaR'DU-US BEN-E-DICTTJS, n. The herb blessed thistle. 
GaRE, n. [Sax. car, cara.] 1. Some degree of pain in the 
mind, from the weight of duty or apprehension of evil. 
" They shall eat bread by weight and with care." — Ezek., 
iv. 2. A looking to ; attention, or heed, with a view to 
safety or protection ; as, the care of property. 3. Charge 
or oversight, implying concern for safety and prosperity ; 
as, the care of a physician. 4. The object of care, or 
watchful regard and attention. — Syn. Anxiety ; solicitude ; 
concern ; caution ; regard ; management ; direction ; over- 
sight. 
GaRE, v. i. 1. To be anxious or solicitous ; to be concerned 
about. 2._ To be inclined or disposed ; to have regard to. 
GaRE'-CRaZM) (-krazd), a. Broken or disordered by 

care or solicitude. 
GaRE'-DE-Fy'ING, a. Bidding defiance to care. 
GIRE'-TuNjED, a. Tuned by care ; mournful.— Shak. 
GaRE'-WOUND-ED (-wound-ed or -woond-ed), a. Wound- 
ed with care. — May. 
f GAR'ECT, n. A charm. See Charact. 
GA-REEN', v. t. [Fr. carener.] In sea language, to heave or 
bring a ship to he on one side, for the purpose of re- 
pairing. 
GA-REEN', v. i. To incline to one side, as a ship under a 

press of sail — Mar. Diet. 
GA-REENM)' (ka-reend'), pp. Laid on one side ; inclined. 
GA-REEN'ING, ppr. Heaving down on one side ; inclining. 
GA-REEN'ING, n. The act of heaving down on one side or 

inclining, as of a ship. 
GA-REER', n. [Fr. carriere.) 1. A course ; a race, or run- 
ning ; a rapid running ; speed in motion. 2. General 
course of action or movement ; procedure ; course of 
proceeding. 3. The ground on which a race is run. — 4. 
In the manege, a place inclosed with a barrier, in which 
they run the ring. — 5. In falconry, a flight or tour of the 
hawk, about 120 yards. 
GA-REER', v. i. To move or run rapidly. 
GA-REER'ING, ppr. Running or moving with speed. 
«URE'FUL, a. 1. Full of care. 2. Attentive to support and 
protect. 3. Giving good heed. 4. Producing care or so- 
licitude ; exposing to concern, anxiety, or trouble ; full of 
cares. — Syn. Anxious ; solicitous ; disturbed ; troubled ; 
provident ; thoughtful ; cautious ; circumspect ; heedful ; 
watchful ; vigilant. 
GaRE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With care, anxiety, or solicitude. 
2. Heedfully ; watchfully ; attentively. 3. In a manner 
that shows care. 4. Providently ; cautiously. 
GIRE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Anxiety; solicitude. 2. Heedful- 
ness ; caution ; vigilance in guarding against evil, and pro- 
viding for safety. 
GaRE'LESS, a. 1. Having no care ; heedless ; incautious ; 
as, a careless servant. 2. Free from care or anxiety ; 
whence, undisturbed ; cheerful. 3. Done or said without 
care ; unconsidered ; as, a careless motion. 4. Not regard- 
ing with care ; unmoved by ; unconcerned for ; as, care- 
less of consequences. 5. Contrived without art. — Syn. 
Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking; inattentive; 
incautious ; remiss ; supine ; forgetful ; regardless ; incon- 
siderate; listless. 
GaRE'LESS-LY, adv. In a careless manner or way ; neg- 
ligently ; heedlessly ; inattentively ; without care or con- 
cern. 
GaRE'LESS-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; inattention ; negli- 
gence ; manner without care. 
t Ga'REN-CY, n. Lack ; want. — Bishop Richardson. 
GAR'EN-TANE, n. [Fr. quarantaine.] A papal indulgence, 
multiplying the remission of penance by forties. — Tay- 
lor. 
GA-RESS', v. t. [Fr. caresser.] To treat with fondness, af- 
fection, or kindness ; to fondle ; to embrace with tender 
affection, as a parent a child. 
GA-RESS', n. An act of endearment ; any act or expression 

of affection ; an embracing with tenderness. 
GA-RESS.ED' (ka-resf), PP- Treated or embraced with af- 
fection. 
GA-RESSTNG, ppr. Treating with endearment or affection. 
GA-RESS'ING-LY, adv. In a caressing manner. 
GI'RET, n. [L.] In writing, this mark, a, which shows that 
something, omitted hi the line, is mentioned above, or in- 
serted in the margin, and should be read in that place. 
GAR'GA-SON, n. A cargo, which see.— Howell. 
GAR'GO, n. [W. carg ; Sp. cargo.] The lading or freight 
of a ship ; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is convey- 
ed in a ship or other merchant vessel. 
GAR'GOOSE, n. A water-fowl, also called crested diver. 
6A/RI-A-TED, a. Carious. See Carious. 
GAR'I-BOO, n. A quadruped of the stag kind. 
SAR'I-GA, n. A genus of plants to which the papaw be- 



longs. Also, the trivial name of a species of the fig-tre* 
producing the common tig. 

CAR'I-CA-TURE, n. [It. caricatura.] A figure or dnscrip 
tion, in which beauties are concealed and blemishes ex 
aggerated, but still bearing a resemblance to the object. 

GAR'I-GA-TURE, v. t. To make or draw a caricature ; to 
represent as more ugly than the life. — Lyttleton. 

GAR'1-GA-TUR.ED, pp. Made ridiculous by grotesque re- 
semblance. 

GAR'I-CA-TEJR-ING, ppr. Making ridiculous by grotesque 
resemblance. 

GAR'I-GA-TUR-IST, n. One who cancauues others. 

GAR-I-GOG'RA-PHY, n. [L. carex, and Gr. ypatyta.] A de- 
scription of the plants of the genus carex, or sedge. — 



GAR'I-GOUS, a. [L. carica.] Resembling a fig. 

Ga'RI-eS, n. [L.] The mortification of a bone ; an ulcer oi 
a bone. 

GAR'IL-LON, n. [Fr.] A little bell. Also, a simple air in 
music. See Carol. 

GAR'I-NATE, ) a. [L. carinatus.] In botany, shaped like 

GAR'I-Na-TED, J the keel of a ship. 

GA-RIN'THIN, n. A name given to such massive varieties 
of hornblende as are jet black, shining, and easily cleav- 
able. 

GAR'I-OLE, n. [Fr.] A small open carriage. 2. A covered 
cart. 3. A kind of calash. 

Gl-RI-OS'I-TY, n. [See Caries.] Mortification, or ulcera- 
tion of a bone. — Wiseman. 

Ga'RI-OUS, a. Mortified ; ulcerated, as a bone. — Wiseman. 

t GARK, n. [W. care] Care ; anxiety ; concern ; solici- 
tude ; distress. — Sidney. 

t GaRK, v. i. To be careful ; anxious ; solicitous , con- 
cerned. — Sidn ey. 

t GaRK'ING, ppr. or a. Distressing ; perplexing ; 
anxiety. 

GaRL, n. [Sax. carl.] 1. A rude, rustic, brutal man. 
See Churl.] 2. A kind of hemp. — Tusser. 

t GaRL, v. i. To act like a churl. — Burton. 

CAROLINE \ n ' A silver coin in Na P les - 

GaRLiNE, } n. [Fr. carlingue, or escarlingue.] A piece of 

GAR'LING, > timber in a ship, ranging fore and aft, from 

one deck beam to another.-^-Carline-knees are timbers in 

a ship lying across from the sides to the hatchway, and 

serving to sustain the deck. 
GaR'LiNE-THIS'TLE, n. The popular name of somt 

herbaceous plants, natives of France, Great Britain, &c 
GaRL'ISH, 



giving 
[Obs. 



GaRL'ISH-NESS. 



See Churlish. 



C&R'LOGK, n. A sort of isinglass from Russia. 
tGAR'LOT, ii. A countryman. See Carle. 
GaR-LO-VIN'GI-AN, a. Pertaining to Charlemagne. 
GaR'MAN, n. A man whose employment is to drive a cart 

GAR'MEL-lTE \ °" B^ 011 ^? t0 tne order of Carmelites. 

GaR'MEL-ITE, n. 1. A monk of an order established or 
Mount Carmel in the 12th century. 2. A sort of pear. 

GlR-MIN'A-TlVE, a. Expelling wind from the body, 
warming ; antispasmodic. 

GaR-MIN'A-TIVE, n. [L. carmen.] A medicine which tends 
to expel wind, or to remedy colic and flatulencies. 

GXR'MlNE, n. [Fr. carmin.] A beautiful lake-red color, 
used by painters. 

GAR'NAGE, n. [Fr. carnage.] 1. Literally, flesh, or heaps 
of flesh, as in shambles. Hence, great destruction of men 
in war or by violence. — Syn. Slaughter ; massacre ; hav- 
oc ; butchery ; murder. 

GaR'NAL, a. [Fr. charnel; L. carnalis.] 1. Pertaining to 
flesh ; fleshly ; sensual ; opposed to spiritual. 2. Being 
in the natural state ; unregenerate. — Rom., viii. 3. Per- 
taining to the ceremonial law ; as, carnal ordinances. 4. 
Lecherous ; lustful ; libidinous ; given to sensual indul- 
gence. Shak. — Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse 

GAR'NAL-MlND'ED, a. Worldly-minded.— More. 

GAR'NAL-MIND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness of mind. 

GAR'NAL-ISM, ii. The indulgence of carnal appetites. 

GIR'NAL-IST, n. One given to the indulgence of sensual 
appetites_. 

GaR'NAL-iTE, n. A worldly-minded man. 

GXR-NAL'I-TY, n. 1. Fleshly lust, or desires, or the indul- 
gence of those lusts ; sensuality. 2. Grossness of mind or 
desire ; love of sensual pleasures. 

GaR'NAL-IZE, v. t. To make carnal ; to debase to carnal 
ity. — Scott. 

GiR'NAL-LY, adv. In a carnal manner ; according to the 
flesh. _ 

GaR-Na'TION, n. [Fr. carnation.] 1. Flesh color; the parts 
of apicture which are naked, or without drapery, exhibit 
ing the natural color of the flesh. 2. The popular name 
of a plant of the genus dianthus, or clove pink, so named 
from the color of the flower. 

GaR-NaTION£D, a. Made like carnation ^olor. 



See Synopsis. A, 1 , 1, &c, long.— a, % T, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5 VE, EOQK 



CAR 



149 



CAR 



GaR-NeL'IAN (kar-neTyan), n. [Fr. cornalim.] A red or 
flesh-colored siliceous stone, a variety of chalcedony. 

CAR In CL-W6RK, n. In ship-building, the putting together 
the umbers, beams, and planks. 

GIR'NE-OUS, a. [L. carneus.] Fleshy; having the quali- 
ties of flesh. 

GiR'NEY, n. A disease of horses, in which the mouth is so 
furred that they can not eat. 

GaR-NI-FI-Ga'TION, n. A turning to flesh. 

CAR'NI-FY, v. i. To form flesh ; to receive flesh in growth. 

GAR'NI-VAL, n. [L. carnivale, farewell to meat.] A fes- 
tival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman 
Catholic countries during the week before Lent. 

GaR-NIV'O-RA, n. pi. An order of animals which subsist on 
flesh, as the hyena. — Cuvier. 

CAR-NIV-O-RAC'I-TY, n. Greediness of appetite for flesh. 

GAR-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. caro and voro.] Eating or feed- 
ing on flesh ; an epithet applied to animals which naturally 
seek flesh for food. 

CAR-NOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. carnosite.] A little fleshy excres- 
cence. 

SSmSSIJ* Fk8h y- ^Caeneous. 

CAR'OB, n. [Sp. algarroba; It. carruba.] A tree in the 
south of Europe, having fruit-pods of a foot in length, con- 
taining a reddish pulp of an agreeable taste, which is some- 
times^ used for food. 

CA-RocHE', n. [It. carrozza.] A carriage of pleasure. 

GA-RocH'iCD (ka-rosht), a. Placed in a caroche. 

CAR'OL, n. [It. carola ; W. carawl.] A song ; a song of 
joy and exultation ; a song of devotion. 

€AR'OL, v. i. [It. carolare.] To sing ; to warble ; to sing 
in joy or festivity. — Shak. 

€AR'OL, v. t. To praise or celebrate in song. — Milton. 

GAR-O-Ll'NA, n. The name of two of the Atlantic States in 
North America, called North Carolina and South Carolina. 

€ AR'OL-ING, n. A song of praise or devotion. 

CAR-O-LIN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Carolina. 

GAR-O-LIN'I-AN, n. A native or inhabitant of Carolina. 

CAR-O-LIT'IC, a. Decorated with branches. 

CAR'O-MEL, n. The smell exhaled by burned sugar. 

CA-ROT'ID, a. [Gr. KapwricJeS.] The carotid arteries in the 
body are two arteries, the right and left, which convey 
the blood from the aorta to the head and brain. 

f CA-ROT'ID-AL, a. Carotid.— Smith. 

GA-ROUS'AL, n. A feast or banquet. — Johnson. But in 
America it signifies a noisy drinking-bout, or reveling. 

GA-RQUSE' (ca-rouz'), v. i. [Fr. carrouse.] To drink hard; 
to guzzle. In the United States, it signifies, also, to be noisy, 
as bacchanalians. 

1 CA-ROUSE', v. t. To drink lavishly.— Shak. 

GA-ROUSE' (ca-rouz'), n. A drinking match ; a full draught 
of liquor ; a noisy drinking match. 

CA-ROUS'ER, n. A drinker ; a toper ; a noisy reveler, or 
bacchanalian. 

GA-ROUS'ING, ppr. Drinking hard ; reveling. 

GA-ROUSTNG-LY, adv. In a carousing manner. 

CARP, v. i. [L. carpo.] Literally, to snap or catch at, or to 
pick. Hence, to censure, cavil, or find fault, particularly 
without reason, or petulantly. 

t GARP, v. t. To blame. — Abp. Cranmer. 

GARP, n. [Fr., Port, carpe.] A fish, a species of cyprinus, 
found in rivers and ponds, and good for food. 

GaR'PAL, a. [L. carpus.] Pertaining to the wrist. 

GAR-PaTHI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Carpates, a range of 
mountains between Poland, Hungary, and Transylvania. 

CARTEL, > n. In botany, a small seed vessel or peri- 

GaR-PELTiUM, J carp, that is one of a group, produced 
by a single flower. — De Candolle. 

GIR'PEL-LA-RY, a. Belonging to, or containing carpels. 

CAR'PEN-TER, n. [Fr. charpentier.] An artificer who 
works in timber ; a framer and builder of houses, and of 
ships. 

GAR'PEN-TRY, 7i. 1. The art of cutting, framing, and join- 
ing timber, in the construction of buildings. 2. The work 
of a carpenter. 

GARP'ER, n. One who carps ; a caviler. 

GiR'PET, n. 1. A covering for floors, tables, stairs, &c. 
2. Level ground covered, as with grass. Shak. — To be on 
the carpet, is to be under consideration. The French 
phrase, to be on the tapis, is used in the like sense. — Carpet- 
knight, in Shakspeare, is a knight who enjoys ease and se- 
curity, or luxury. — Carpet-monger is used in a like sense. 

GaR'PET, v. t. To cover with a carpet. — Bacon. 

GARTET-STRIP, 7i. The piece under a door, to raise it 
above the carpet 

CARPET- WALK, n. A walk on smooth turf. 

CAR'PET-ED,' pp. or a. Covered with a carpet. 

GaR'PET-ING, 7i. Cloth for carpets ; carpets in general. 
GARP'ING, ppr. or a. Caviling ; captious ; censorious. 
GARPTNG, n. The act of caviling; a cavil; unreasonable 

censure. 
GARP'ING-LY, adv. Captiously ; in a carping manner. 



GaRP'Me ALS, n. A kind of coarse cloth made in England 

GaR'PO-LiTE, n A petrifaction of fruit or seeds. 

GaR-POL'O-gIST, n. [Gr. itapnos and \eyu>.] One who 
describes fruits. 

GAR-POL'O-GY, n. A description of fruits. More strictly, 
that division of botany which relates to the structure Oi 
seeds and seed vessels, or of the fruit. 

CaPi/PUS, 7i. [L.] The wrist, but not an English worn. 

GAR'RAG. See Caeac. 

GAR'RAT. _See Carat. 

GAR'RA-WaY, n. 1. A plant [cat-urn carisi, L.l, whose 
seeds have a warm, pungent taste, and are used in con- 
fectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative. 2. A 
kind of apple. — Mason. 

GAR'REL, \n. A peculiar kind of arrow used in tht 

QUARREL, ] cross-bow. 

t GAR'RI-A-BLE, a. That may be carried. 

CARRIAGE (carridje), n. [Fr. charriage.} 1. The act of 
carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying. 2. The 
act of taking by an enemy ; conquest; acquisition; [obs.\ 
3. That which carries, especially on wheels ; a vehicle , 
applied particularly to a coach or elegant vehicle. 4. The 
price or expense of carrying. 5. That which is carried ; 
burden, as baggage, vessels, &c. ; as, "David left his car- 
riage in the hand of the keeper." — 1 Sam., xvii. ; [little 
used.] 6. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; 
conduct; deportment; demeanor; gait; personal man- 
ners. — I>ryden. 7. Measures ; practices ; management.— 
Shak. 

GAR'RIAGE-HORSE, n. A horse kept for drawing a car- 
riage. 

GAR'RIAgE-MaK-ER, n. A maker of carriages. 

GAR'RI-BOO. See Cariboo. 

CAR'RICK-BEND, n. A particular kind of knot. 

CAR'RIGK-BITTS, n. pi. In a ship, the bitts which support 
the windlass. — Mar. Diet. 

GAR'RIjBD (karirid), pp. Borne ; conveyed ; transported. 

GAR'RI-ER n. 1. One who carries ; that which carries or 
conveys ; also, a messenger. 2. One who is employed to 
carry goods. 

GAR'RI-ER PRVEON, n. A pigeon that conveys letters 
from place to place, the letters being tied to the neck. 

GAR'RI-ON, n. [It. carogna.] 1. The dead and putrefying 
body or flesh of animals. 2. A worthless woman ; a term 
of reproach. — Shak. 

GAR/RI-ON, a. Relating to dead and putrefying carcasses , 
feeding on carrion. — Shak. 

GAR-RON- aDE', n. [from Carron, in Scotland, where it was 
first made.] A short piece of ordnance, having a large 
caliber, and a chamber for the powder, hke a mortar. 

GAR-ROON', n. 1. In London, a rent received for the priv- 
ilege of driving a cart. — Ash. 2. A species of cherry.— 
Tooke. 

GAR/ROT, n. [It. carota ; Fr. carotte.] An esculent root of 
a yellow color, of the genus daucus. 

GAR'ROT-Y, a. Like a carrot in color ; an epithet given to 
red hair. 

GAR'RoWS, 71. pi. In Ireland, people who wander about, 
and get their living by cards and dice; strolling game- 
sters. — Spenser. 

GARRY, v. t. [W. cariaw; Fr. charrier.] 1. To bear, con- 
vey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing car- 
ried. 2. To convey ; as, sound is carried in the air. 3. 
To effect ; to accomplish ; to prevail ; to gain the object ; 
as, to carry a point. 4. To bear out ; to face through. 5. 
To urge, impel, lead, or draw, noting moral impulse. 6. 
To bear ; to have. 7. To bear ; to show, display, or ex- 
hibit to -view. 8. To imply or import. 9. To contain or 
comprise. 10. To extend or continue in time. 11. Tc 
extend in space. 12. To support or sustain. 13. To bear 
or produce, as trees. 14. To marage or transact, usually 
with 07i. — 15. To carry one's self, to behave, conduct, or 
demean. 16. To remove, lead, or drive. 17. To remove ; 
to cause to go. 18. To transport ; to affect with extra- 
ordinary impressions on the mind. 19. To fetch and 
bring. 20. To transfer. 21. In war, to obtain possession 
of by force ; as, to carry the outworks of a place. 

To carry coals, to bear injuries. Mason. — To carry coals to 
Newcastle, to bring things to a place where they already 
abound ; to lose one's labor.— To carry off, to remove to a 
distance ; also, to kill.— To carry on. 1. To promote, ad- 
vance, or help forward. 2. To manage; prosecute. 3. 
To conduct in wild rude manner ; as, he carries on at a 
great rate. — To carry through, to support to the end; to 
sustain or keep from failing, or being subdued.— To earn, 
out, to bear from within ; also, to sustain to the end ; to 
continue to the end. — To carry away, in seamanship, is to 
break ; to carry sail till a spar breaks. 

GAR'RY, v. i. 1. To run on rotten ground, or on frost, 
which sticks to the feet, as a hare. 2. To bear the head 
in a particular manner, as a horse. 3. To eonvey; to 
propeL 

t GAR'RY, n. The motion of the clouds. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Yi"CIOUS ;— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; GH as SH • TH as in this. , t Obsolete. 



i 



CAR 



150 



CAS 



CAR11Y-ALL, n. [corrupted from cariole.] A light vehi- 
cle for one horse, having usually four wheels, ana design- 
ed to carry a number of persons. 

tGAR'RY-TILE, n. A tale-bearer.— Shak. 

GAR'RY-ING, ppr. Bearing, conveying, removing, &c. 

CAR'RY-ING, n. A bearing, conveying, removing, trans- 
porting. — Carrying trade, the trade which consists in the 
transportation of goods by water from country to country, 
or place to place. — Carrying wind, among horsemen, is 
tossing the nose as high as the horse's ears. 

GaRSE, n. Low, fertile land, adjacent to a river. [Scottish.] 

CaRT, n. [W. cart.] 1. A carriage with two wheels. 2. 
A carriage in general. 

CART, v. i. To use carts for carriage. — Mortimer. 

GaRT, v. t. 1. To carry or convey on a cart. 2. To ex- 
pose in a cart, by way of punishment. 

GaRT-BoTE, n. In English law, wood to which a tenant 
is entitled for making and repairing carts and other instru- 
ments of husbandry. 

GaRT-HORSE, n. A horse that draws a cart 

GaRT'-JaDE, n. A sorry horse ; a horse used in drawing, 
or fit only for the cart. — Sidney. 

CaRT-LoAD, n. A load borne on a cart ; as much as is 
usually carried at once on a cart, or as is sufficient to 
load it 

CaRT-RoPE, n. A rope for binding hay or other articles 
on a cart. 

CART-RUT, n. The cut or track of a cart-wheeL 

GaRT-TiRE, n. The tire, or iron bands, used to bind the 
wheels of a cart 

CaRT-WaY, n. A way that is or may be passed with 
carts, or other wheel carriages. 

CaRT-WHEEL, n. The wheel of a cart. 

OaRT'-WHIP, n. A large whip used in driving animals in 
carts. 

CVRT-WRlGHT (kartf-rlte), n. An artificer who makes 
carts. 

CARTAGE, n. The act of carrying in a cart or the price 
paid for carting. 

GaR'TA-RET, n. A cot 

CaRTE-BLaNcHE' (kart-blansb/). [Fr.] A blank paper 
signed at the bottom with a person's name, given to an- 
other person with permission to superscribe what condi- 
tions he pleases. Hence, unconditional terms ; unlimited 
power to decide. 

PARTED, pp. Borne or exposed in a cart. 

* GaR-TEL' or GaR'TEL, n. [It. ; Fr., Sp., Port, cartel] 1. 
An agreement for the exchange of prisoners. 2. A letter 
of defiance or challenge ; [obs.] — A cartel or cartel-ship, is a 
ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying 
propositions to an enemy. 

1 GaR'TEL, v. i. To defy.— B. Jonson. 

GaRTER, n. The man who drives a cart, or whose occu- 
pation is to drive a cart. 

I GaRTER-LY, adv. Rude, like a carter.— Cotgrave. 

GAR-Te'SIAN (kar-te'zhun), a. Pertaining to the philoso- 
pher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy. 

GaR-Te'SIAN, n. One who adopts the philosophy of Des 
Cartes. 

GaR-THA-GIN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to ancient Carthage. 

GaR-THA-GIN'I-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Car- 
thage. 

GiR'THA-MlNE, n. A red coloring matter obtained from 
the flowers of the safflower, or Carthamus. 

GaR'THA-MUS, n. The generic name of bastard saffron, 
from whose flower is produced a rich red-dye, and also 
the rouge used by ladies. Sec Safflower. 

GaR-THU'SIAN (kar-thu'zhun), n. One of an order of 
monks, so called from Chartreuse, the place of their insti- 
tution. _ 

GaR-THU'SIAN, a. Pertaining to the order of Carthusians. 

GaR'TI-LAgE, n. [L. cartilago; Fr. cartilage.] Gristle; a 
smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone. 

GaR-TI-LAGTN-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling a 
cartilage; gristly; consisting of cartilage. — 2. In ichthyol- 
ogy, cartilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are sup- 
ported by cartilages instead of bones. 

GaRTING. ppr. Conveying or exposing in a cart. 

CARTING, n. The act of carrying in a cart. 

GaR-TOG'RA-PHER, n. A person who prepares charts. 

GaR-TO-GRAPH'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to cartography. 

GaR-TO-GRAPH'IG-AL-LY, ad. In a cartographical man- 
ner 

GaR-'IuG'RA-PHY, n. The art of preparing charts or maps. 

CAR-TOON', n. [It. cartone.] In painting, a design drawn 
on strong paper for fresco subjects. Also, a design drawn 
as a pattern for tapistry, mosaics, &c. The cartoons of 
Raflaelle are some of the most celebrated. 

GIR-TOUCH', n. [Fr. cartouche.] 1. A case of wood, girt 
with marlin, holding about four hundred musket balls, and 
eix or eight iron balls of a pound weight, to be fired out 
of a howitz, for defending a pass. 2. A portable box for 
charges. [See Cartridge-box.] 3. A roll or scroll on 



the cornice of a column ; applied, also, to the scrolls coa 
taming the names, &c, of kings, in the Egyptian monu 
ment and papyri. 

CARTRIDGE, n. A case of paper, or pasteboard, or other 
materials, holding the exact charge for a fire-arm o. 
musket, cannon, &c. 

GIR'TRIDGE-BOX, n. A case, usually of wood, covered 
with leather, with cells for cartridges. 

CaRTRIDGE-Pa'PER, n. Thick, stout paper, of which 
cartridges are made. 

GaR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr. cartulaire.] A register-book, n 
record, as of a monastery. 

GAR'U-GaTE, n. [L. caruca,] As much land as one teara 
can plow in the year. 

GAR'UN-GLE, n. [L. caruncula.] 1. A small, fleshy ex 
crescence, either natural or morbid. — Coxe. 2. A naked, 
fleshy excrescence on the head of certain birds, as tha 
wattles of the turkey, &c. 

GA-RUNC'U-L AR, a. In the form of a caruncle. 

GA-RUNG'U-La-TED, a. Having a fleshy excrescence, ut 
soft, fleshy protuberance. 

CARVE, v. t. [Sax. ceorfan, cearfan.] 1. To cut into small 
pieces or shces, as meat at table. 2. To cut wood, stone, 
or other material into some particular form ; to engrave ; 
to cut figures or devices on hard materials. 3. To make 
or shape by cutting. 4. To apportion; to distribute; to 
provide at pleasure ; to select and take, as to one's self, or 
to select and give to another. 5. To cut; to hew. Shak. 
— To carve out, is to cut out or to lay out, by design ; to 
plan. 

CARVE, v. i. 1. To cut up meat. 2. To exercise the trade 
of a sculptor. 3. To engrave or cut figures. 

t GaRVE, n. A carucate. 

GaRV ED, pp. or a. Cut or divided ; engraved ; formed by 
carving. 

GaR'VEL, n. 1. A small ship. See Caravel. 2. The ur- 
tica marina, or sea blubber. 

CARVER n. 1. One who cuts meat at table ; a sci^ptor ; 
one who apportions or distributes at will. — Dryden. 2. A 
large table knife for carving. 

GaRV'ING, ppr. Cutting or dividing, as meat; cutting in 
stone, wood, or metal ; apportioning ; distributing. 

GaRV'ING, n. The act of cutting, as meat ; the act or art 
of cutting figures in wood or stone; sculpture; figures 
carved. 

GAR'VIST, n. A hawk of proper age and training to be 
carried on the hand. [A corruption of carry-fist.] 

GAR-Y-a'TeS,_ )n.pl. In architecture, figures of women 

GAR-Y-ATI-DeS, 5 dressed in long robes, after the Asiatic 
manner, serving to support entablatures. 

CAR-Y-ATIG, a. Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides. 

GAR-Y-O-PHYL-La'CEOUS, a. A term denoting plants, or 
a family of plants, with caryophylleous flowers. 

GAR-Y-O-PHYL'LE-OUS, a. [Gr. Ka pvov and 4>uAAov.] A 
term in botany applied to corals having five petals with 
long claws and expanded limbs, in a tubular calyx, as in 
the pink. 

GA-RY-OP'SIS, n. [Gr. xaftva and 07rrw.] In botany, a peri- 
carp which is one-celled, one-seeded, superior, indehiscent 
dry, with the integuments of the seed cohering inseparably 
with the endocarp, as wheat and barley, &c. — Lindley. 

GA-SaRG'A, n. A species of wild goose. 

GAS'GA-BEL, n. [Port, cascavel.] The knob, extremity, or 
pommel of a cannon, behind the breach. 

GAS-GaDE', n. [Fr. cascade.] A waterfall. The word is 
applied to falls that are less than a cataract. 

GAS-GAL'HO, n. [Port] In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles, 
gravel, and sand, in which the diamond is usually found. 

GAS-GA-RIL'LA, n. The bark of a tree called Croton 
Eleutheria, a powerful tonic. 

CASE, n. [Fr. caisse.] 1. A covering, box, or sheath ; that 
which incloses or contains. 2. The receptacle for types 
in a printing office. 3. The outer part of a building. 4. 
A certain quantity; as, a case of common glass. 5. A 
building unfurnished ; [not used.] 

GISE, v. t. 1. To cover with a case ; to surround with any 
material that shall inclose or defend. 2. To put in a case 
or box. 3. To strip off' a case, covering, or the skin ; [un- 
h,svl ] — Shak. 

GaSE, n. [Fr. cas ; L. casus.] 1. Literally, that which falls, 
comes, or happens ; an event. Hence, the particular state, 
condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or in 
which he is placed. 2. An individual occurrence, or par- 
ticular instance of disease ; as, a case of fever. 3. The 
state of the body, with respect to health or disease. — To 
be in good case, is to be fat, and this phrase is sometimes 
abridged, to be in case. 4. A question; a state of facts in- 
volving a question for discussion or decision. 5. A cause 
or suit in court 6. In 'grammar, the inflection of nouns, 
or a change of termination. 7. A box in which merchan- 
dise is packed.— -In case, is a phrase denoting condition or 
supposition ;*if it should so fall out, or happen. — Put the 
case, suppose the event, or a certain state of things. — Ac 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long -X, E, t, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



CAS 



151 



CAS 



tton on the case, in law, is an action in which the whole 
cause of complaint is set out in the writ. — Syn. Situation ; 
condition; state, circumstances; plight; predicament 
CiSE, v. i. To put cases. — L'Estrange. 

GISE'-HaPlD-JSN, v. t. To harden the outer part or super- 
ficies, as of iron, by converting it into steel. 

OaSE'-HaRD-jEN-ED,^. or a. Having the outside hardened. 

CaSE'-HARD-.EN-ING, ppr. Hardening the outer part. 

CaSE'-HaRD-.EN-ING, n. The act or process of converting 
the surface of iron into steel. 

GISE'-KNiFE, n. A large table knife, formerly kept in a case. 

CaSE'-SHOT, n. Musket balls, stones, old iron, &c, put in 
cases, to be discharged from cannon. 

CISE'-WoRM, n. A worm that makes itself a case ; the 
caddis. 

€aS1?D (kast), pp. Covered with a case. 

Gi'SE-IN, n. The curd, or coagulable portion of milk. A 
substance identical with casein is found in certain legu- 
minous plants, and is hence called vegetable casein or 
legumm 

CASE'MAN, n. Among printers, une who works at the case, 
or setsup type ; a compositor. 

GaSE'MaTE, n. [Fr. casemate.] 1. In fortification, a vault 
of mason's work in the flank of a bastion, next to the cur- 
tain, serving as a battery to defend the face of the oppo- 
site bastion, and the moat or ditch. 2. A well, with its 
subterraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion. 

€aSE'Ma-TED, a. Furnished with casemate. — Kirby. 

CISE'MENT, n. [It. casamento.] 1. A portion of a window- 
sash made to open or turn on hinges. — Brande. 2. A hol- 
low molding, usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle. 

CaSE'MENT-ED, a. Having casements. 

CI'SE-OUS, a. [L. caseus.] Pertaining to cheese ; like 
cheese ; having the qualities of cheese. — The caseous prin- 
ciple, casein. 

Ca'SERN, n. [Fr. caserne.'] A lodging for soldiers in gar- 
rison towns ; barracks. 

€ ASH, . n. [Fr. caisse.] Money ; primarily j ready money, 
money in chest or on hand, in bank or at command. 

€ASH, v. t. 1. To turn into money, or to exchange for 
money. 2. To pay money for. 

\ €ASH, v. t. To discard. [For cashier.] 

CASH-AC-COUNT,' n. An account of money received, 
paid, or on hand. 

CASH-BOOK, n. A book in which is kept a register or ac- 
count of money received or paid. 

CASH-KEEP-ER, n. One intrusted with the keeping of 
money. 

GASHED (kasht), pp. Exchanged for coin, or other money 
equivalent. 

CASHEW, n. A tree of the West Indies, the anacardium. 

GASH'EW-NUT, n. A nut at one extremity of the fruit of 
the cashew-tree, containing a black liquor, used in mark- 
ing linen, &c. 

EASH-IeR' (kash-eer'), n. [Fr. caissier.] dne who has 
charge of money ; a cash-keeper. 

EASH-IeR', v. t. [Fr. casser.] 1. To dismiss from an office 
or place of trust, by annulling the commission ; to break, 
as for mal-conduct, and therefore with reproach. 2. To 
dismiss or discard from service or from society. 3. To 
reject ; to annul or vacate. 

GASH-IeRJSD' (kash-eerd"), pp. Dismissed ; discarded ; an- 
nulled. 

EASH-IeR'ER n. One who rejects, discards, or breaks. 

£ASH-IeRTNG, ppr. Discarding ; dismissing from service. 

CASHING, ppr. Exchanging for money. 

GASH'MeRE, n. A rich and costly kind of shawl ; so called 
from the country where first made. 

GASH'OO, n. The juice or gum of a tree in the East Indies. 

GaS'ING, ppr. Covering with a case. 

BaS'ING, n. I. The act or operation of plastering a house 
with mortar on the outside. 2. A covering ; a case. 

GA-S'tNO (ka-se'no), n. [It] A term applied, on the conti- 
nent of Europe, to a club-house, or building used for so- 
cial meetings, having commonly a reading-room, a dan- 
cing saloon,~&c. 
CASK, v. t. To put into a cask. 

CaSK, n. [Sp., Port, casco.] A close vessel for containing 
liquors, as a pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, &c. 

CaSK'ET, n. 1. A small chest or box, for jewels or other 
small articles. — 2. In seamen's language, a small rope, 
fastened to gromets. 

CaSK'ET, v. t. To put in a little chest— Shah. 

GAS'PI-AN, a. [L. Caspia.] An epithet given to a large 
lake between Persia and Astrachan, called the Caspian Sea. 

G aSQUE, ) n. [Sp., Port, casco ; Fr. casque.] A head-piece ; 

GiSK, j a helmet ; a piece of defensive armor, to 
cover and protect the head and neck in battle. 

CaSQUE'-SHaP.ED (kask'-shapt), a. Shaped like a casque. 

1 CASS, v. t. [Fr. casser ; L. quasso.\ To quash ; to defeat ; 
to annul. — Raleigh. 

GASS'A-DA, ) n. A tropical plant the jatropha or janipha 

CASSA-DO, j manihot, producing a very nutritious sub- 

D6VE; 



stance, which, prepared in one way, is called cassava, and 

in another, tapioca. 
tGAS'SITE,!). t. [Fr. casser.] To vacate, annul, or make void. 
CAS-Sa'TION, n. The act of annulling.— In France, the 

Court of Cassation is the highest court of appeal, having 

the power to break {casser) or reverse the decisions oi 

courts below. — Brande. 
*€AS'SA-VA, n. A nutritious substance like starch, obtained 

from the cassada plant Tapioca is a finer preparation ot 



CAS'SA-WARE. See Cassowary. 

CAS'SE-Pa-PER n. Broken paper, the two outside quires 
of a ream. 

CAS'SIA (kash'ya), n. [Fr. casse.] A genus of plants of many 
species, including senna. Cassia is also the name of a 
species of laurus, the bark of which usually passes under 
the name of cinnamon. From a plant of this kind was ex- 
tracted an aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews. 

CAS'SIA BUDS, n. pi. The unexpanded flowers of a spe- 
cies of cinnamon. 

CAS-SID'E-OUS, a. A term applied to the upper petal of a 
flower, when dilated into a broad, helmet-shaped leaf, aa 
in the aconitum. 

€AS'SI-DO-NY, n. [Fr. cassidoine.] A species of plant, of 
the genus gnaphalium, cotton-weed. 

CAS'SI-MeRE, n. [Sp. casimira.] A twilled woolen cloth. 
Also spelled kerseymere. 

CAS-SI-NETTE', n. A cloth made of cotton warp, and the 
woof of very fine wool, or wool and silk. 

GAS-SifNO, n. A game at cards. — Todd. 

CAS'SI-O-BER-RY, n. The fruit of plants of the genus cas- 
sine. Also, the fruit of the viburnum kevigatum. 

CAS-SI-O-Pe'IA (-pe'ya), n. A constellation in the northern 
hemisphere. 

CAS-SI-Te'RI-A, n. [L. cassiteron.] A kind of crystals. 

€AS'SI-US, purple of, n. [from the name of its inventor.] A 
beautiful purple color, obtained from the chlorid of gold 
by means of tin, and much valued for the color it gives to 
glass or enamel. 

CAS'SOCK, n. [Sp. casaca.] 1. Formerly, a cloak or gown 
worn over the other garments. — Shah. 2. A close gar- 
ment, resembling a long frock-coat worn by clergymen ot 
the Roman Catholic and Episcopal Churches under the 
surplice or gown. 

CAS'SOCKED (kas'sokt), a. Clothed with a cassock. 

CAS-SON-aDE', n. [Fr.] Cask-sugar ; sugar not refined. 

€AS'SO-WA-RY, n. [Sp. casuel.] A large bird, much re- 
sembling the ostrich, but having on its head a helmet^ or 
horny crest It is found only in the southeastern parts ol 
Asia. 

CAS-SU-Mu'NAR, n. An aromatic root of the ginger kind. 

CASS'-WEED, n. A weed called shepherd's pouch. 

CaST, v. t.; pret and pp. cast. [Dan. kaster; Sw. kasta.] 1 
To throw, fling, or send ; that is, to drive from by force, 
as from the hand, or from an engine. 2. To sow ; to scat- 
ter seed. 3. To drive or impel by violence. 4. To shed 
or throw off; as, trees cast their fruit. 5. To throw or let 
fall. 6. To throw, as dice or lots. 7. To throw on the 
ground, as in wrestling ; so, a horse is cast when he is en- 
tangled in a rope and thrown down. 8. To throw away, 
as worthless. 9. To emit, or throw out. 10. To throw, 
to extend, as a trench. 11. To thrust. 12. To put, or set 
in a particular state. 13. To condemn ; to convict, as a 
criminal. 14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any con- 
test of strength or skill. 15. To cashier or discard. 16. 
To lay aside, as unfit for use ; to reject as a garment. 17. 
To make to preponderate ; to throw into one scale, for the 
purpose of giving it superior weight ; to decide by a vote 
that gives a superiority in numbers ; as, a casting vote. 
18. To throw together several particulars, to find the sum : 
to compute ; to reckon ; to calculate. 19. To contrive ; 
to plan. 20. To judge, or to consider, in order to judge. 
21. To fix, or distribute the parts of a play among the 
actors. 22. To throw, as the sight ; to direct, or turn, as 
the eye ; to glance. 23. To found ; to form into a partic- 
ular shape, by pouring liquid metal into a mold ; to run. 
24. Figuratively, to shape ; to form by a model. 25. To 
communicate ; to spread over. 

To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconvenient. 

To cast away, to reject ; to throw away ; to lavish or 

waste by profusion ; to turn to no use ; to wreck, as a 

ship. To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard with 

neglect or hate, or as useless. — To cast down, to throw 
down ; to deject or depress the mind. — To cast forth, to 
throw out or eject as from an inclosed place ; to emit, oi 
send abroad ; to exhale. — To cast off, to discard or reject; 
to drive away ; to put off ; to put away ; to disburden. — 
Amon^ huntsmen, to leave behind, as dogs ; to set loose, 
or free. — Among seamen, to loose, or untie. — To cast out, 
to send forth , to reject or turn out ; to throw out, as 
words ; to speak, or give vent to. — To cast up, to com 
pute ; to reckon ; to calculate. Also, to eject ; to vomit 
— To cast on, to refer or resign to. — To cast one's self on. 



BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in this. ( t Obsolete. 



CAS 



152 



CAS 



to resign or yield one's self to the disposal of, without re- 
serve. — To cast young, to miscarry ; to suffer abortion.— 
To cast in the teeth, to upbraid ; to charge ; to twit. — To 
cast off copy, is to ascertain how many printed pages will 
be made out of a manuscript, by setting up a portion for 
trial. — Brande. 

OaST, v. i. 1. To throw forward, as the thoughts, with a 
view to some determination ; or to turn or revolve in the 
mind ; to contrive. 2. To receive form or shape. 3. To 
warp ; to twist from regular shape, as a board. Moxon. — 
4. In seamen's language, to fall off, or incline, so as to bring 
the side of a ship to the wind, 

FaST, n. 1. The act of casting ; a throw ; the thing thrown ; 
the form or state of throwing ; kind or manner of throw- 
ing. 2. The distance passed by a thing thrown ; as, at 
the distance of a stone's cast. 3. A stroke ; a touch. 4. 
Motion or turn of the eye : direction, look, or glance ; a 
squinting. 5. A throw of dice ; hence, a state of chance or 
hazard. 6. Form ; shape. 7. A tinge ; a slight coloring, 
or slight degree of a color ; as, a cast of green. 8. Man- 
ner ; ah- ; mien ; as, a peculiar cast of countenance. 9. A 
flight ; a number of hawks let go at once. 10. An impres- 
sion in plaster ; a small statue of bronze, &c. — 11. Among 
founders, a tube of wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape 
to metal. Also, that which is cast. 12. A cylindrical piece 
of brass or copper, slit in two lengthwise, to form a canal, 
or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal. — 13. Among 
plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end of a mold, for 
casting pipes without soldering, by means of which the 
melted metal is poured into the mold. 14. An unex- 
pected opportunity or advantage. Walter Scott. — 15. A 
trick. Martin. — 1(1 The assignment of the parts of a play 
to the different actors. 

CAST' I-RON (j-urn), n. Iron wh:ch has been cast into pigs 
or into molds for various utensils ; a compound of carbon 
and iron. 

CAS-Ta'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on 
Parnassus, sacred to the muses. 

CAS'TA-NET, n. [Sp. castaneta, castahuela.] An instrument 
of music used in dancing the saraband, and formed of 
small concave shells of ivory and hard wood, shaped like 
spoons. 

CaSTA-WaY, n. That which is thrown away. A person 
abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor ; a reprobate. 

CaSTA-WIY, a. Rejected; useless; of no value. 

CiSTE, n. 1. In Hindostan, a name (from casta, race) first 
given by the Portuguese to the several classes into which 
society is divided, having fixed occupations, which have 
come down from the earliest ages. There are four great 
and many smaller castes. 2. A distinct order in society. 

GXST'ED, pp. for cast, is not in use. 

GASTEL-LAN, n. [Sp. castellan.] A governor or constable 
of a castle. 

CAS'TEL-LA-NY, n. The lordship belonging to a castle ; or 
the extent of its land and jurisdiction. 

€AS'TEL-La-TED, a. 1. Inclosed in a building, as a fount- 
ain or cistern. 2. Adorned with turrets and battlements, 

CAS-TEL-LITION, n. The act of fortifying a house, and 
rendering it a castle. 

CASTER, n. 1. One who throws or casts ; one who makes 
castings hi metal, &c. ; one who assigns the parts in a 
play to the actors ; one who computes ; one who calcu- 
lates fortunes. 2. A small vial or vessel for the table ; as, 
a set of casters. 3. A small wheel on a swivel, on which 
furniture is cast, or rolled, on the floor. 

CASTERS, n. pi. A stand with bottles for oil, vinegar, &c. 

GASTI-GATE, v. t. [L. castigo.] To chastise ; to punish by 
stripes ; to correct ; to chasten ; to check. 

GASTI-GI-TED, pp. Punished; corrected. 

€AS'TI-Ga-TING, ppr. Punishing ; correcting ; chastising. 

€AS-TI-GA'TION, n. 1. The infliction of stripes with a 
view to correction or punishment. — 2. Among the Romans, 
a military punishment inflicted on offenders, by beating 
with a wand or switch. — 3. Figuratively, severe animad- 
version, by way of chastisement, either in writing or 
speech. — Syn. Punishment ; correction ; chastisement ; 
discipline. 

CASTI-Ga-TOR, n. One who corrects. 

€ASTI-GA-TO-RY, a. Tending to correction ; corrective ; 
punitive.— Bramhall. 

€AS'TI-GA-TO-RY, n. An engine formerly used to punish 
and correct arrant scolds ; called, also, a ducking-stool, or 
trebucket. 

CAS'TiLE-SoAP, n. A fine, hard soap, white or mottled, 
made of olive oil and soda. 

€AS-TIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Castile, in Spain. 

CAS-TIL'IAN (kas-til'yan), n. An inhabitant or native of 
Castile, in Spain. 

CASTING, ppr. Throwing; sending; computing; calcu- 
lating ; turning ; giving a preponderancy ; deciding ; run- 
ning or throwing into a mold to give shape; assigning 
parts in a play. 



CASTING, n. I. The act of casting or founding. 5. Iha» 
which is formed by casting melted metal into a mold, or 
hi sand. 3. The taking of casts and impressions of figures, 
busts, medals, &c. 4. The assigning of parts in a play. 5. 
The warping of a board. — 6. Casting of draperies, the 
proper adjustment of the folds of garments in painting 
and sculpture. 

CASTTNG-NET, n. A net which is cast and drawn, in dis 
tinction from a net that is set and left. 

CASTING-VoTE, ? n. The vote of a presiding officer in 

CaST'ING-VOICE, 5 an assembly or council, which de- 
cides a question when the votes of the assembly or house 
are equally divided between the afnrrnative and negative. 
— United States. — Coze. 

CAS'TLE (kas'sl), n. [Sax. castel; L. castellum.] 1. A house 
fortified for defense against an enemy ; a fortress. 2. The 
house or mansion of a nobleman or prince. — 3. In a ship 
there are two parts called by this name : the forecastle, a 
short deck in the fore part of a ship, above the upper 
deck ; and the hindcastle, at the stern. — Castle in the air, a 
visionary project ; a scheme that has no solid foundation. 

CAS'TLE, v. t. In the game of chess, to cover the king with 
a castle, by a certain move. 

CAS'TLE-BUiLD'ER (kas'sl-bild'er), n. One who forms 
visionary schemes. 

CAS'TLE-BUILD'ING, n. The act of building castles in 
the air. 

CASTLE-CROWNED, a. Crowned with a castle. 

CASTLE-GUARD, n. A feudal tenure. 

CASTLE-WARD, n. An imposition laid for maintaining 
watch and ward in the castle. 

CASTL-ED (kas'sld), a. Furnished with castles. — Dryden. 

€AS'TLF-RY, n. The government of a castle. 

CASTLET, n. A small castle.— Leland. 

€AST'L»NG, n. An abortion or abortive. 

CASTOR, n. [L.] 1. A beaver, an amphibious quadruped, 
with a flat, ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fore 
feet, and large hind feet 2. A reddish-brown substance, 
of a strong, penetrating .smell, taken from bags or cods in 
the groin of the beaver. It has been regarded as an anti- 
spasmodic. — 3. In astronomy, a moiety of the constellation 
Gemini, called, also, Apollo. — Castor and Pollux, in meteor- 
ology, a fiery meteor, which, at sea, appears sometimes 
adhering to a part of a ship, in the form of balls. 

CAS'TOR-OIL, n. [A corruption of castus oil, from agnus 
castus.] The oil of the ricinus, or palma Christ i. It is a 
mild cathartic. 

GAS-To'RE-UM. n. [L.] Castor; the peculiar substance 
found in the inguinal sacs c f the beaver. 

CASTO-RINE, n. An animal principle, prepared by boiling 
castor in alcohol. 

t€AS'TO-RY, n. The oil drawn from the castoreum, and 
used in the preparation of colors. 

€AS-TRA-ME-Ta'TION, n. [L. castrametor.) The art or act 
of encamping ; the marking or laying out of a camp. 

CASTRATE, v. t. [L. castro.] 1. To geld ; to deprive of the 
testicles ; to emasculate. 2. To take away or retrench, as 
the obscene parts of a writing. 3. To take out a leaf or 
sheet from a book, and render it imperfect. 

GAS'TRa-TED, pp. or a. Gelded ; emasculated ; purified 
from o_bscene expressions. 

CAS'TRa-TING, ppr. Gelding; taking away the obscene 
parts of a writing. 

CAS-TRa'TION, n. The act of gelding ; the act or practice 
of making eunuchs ; the act of taking away the obscene 
parts of a writing ; the act of taking out a leaf or sheet of 
a book. — In botany, the cutting oft' of the anthers, or tops 
of the stamens of flowers, before the ripening of the 
pollen . 

CAS-TRa'TO, n. [It.] A male person emasculated for the 
purpose of improving his voice for a singer. 

CAS'TREL, ? n. A kind of hawk, resembling the lanner in 

KES'TREL, > shape, and the hobby in size. 

CAS-TREN'SIAN, a. [L. castrensis.] Belonging to a camp 

CaST STEEL, n. Steel that has been fused in a crucible 
and then cast into bars. 

GAS'U-AL (kazh'yu-al), a. [Fr. casuel ; Sp., Port, casual. 

1. Falling ; happening, or coming to pass, without design 
in the person or persons affected, and without being fore- 
seen, or expected ; coming by chance. 2. Coming at cer- 
tain times, without regularity, in distinction from stated 
or regular. 3. Taking place, or beginning to exist, with- 
out an efficient intelligent cause, and without design. — 
Syn. Accidental ; fortuitous ; incidental ; occasional ; con- 
tingent. 

CAS1J-AL-LY, adv. Without design; by chance. 
€AS'U-AL-NESS, n. Accidentd-ness ; the quality of being 

casual. 
GAS'U-AL-TY (kazh'yu-al-ty), TC . i. That which comes by 

chance or without design, or without being foreseen. 

2. Any injury to the body from accident, whether result- 
ing in death or not ; and, by a metonymy, death, or other 
misfortune, occasioned by an accident. — In military returns, 



" See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, % I, & c ., short.— F AR FALL WHAT ;— P RE Y —MARINE, BIRD ;— Mb /E, BOOK, 



CAT 



153 



CAT 



.he head of casualties embraces all who die, desert, or are 
discharged. — 3. In Scots law, an emolument due from a 
vassal to his superior, beyond the stated yearly duties, 
upon certain casual events. — Syn. Accident; contingency ; 
misfortune. 

CAS'F-IST (kazh'yu-ist), n. [It., Sp., Port, casuista.] One 
who studies and resolves cases of conscience. 

GaS'U-IST, v. i. To play the part of a casuist. 

CAS-U-IST'IG, ? -c , *• ,. - 

CAS-U-ISTIC-AL \ °" Kelatm S to cases 01 conscience. 

GASIJ-IST-RY (kazh'yu-ist-re), n. The science or doctrine 
of cases of conscience ; the science of determining the 
lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do. 

€J?SUS FCEDE-RIS. [L.] The case stipulated by treaty. 

€AT, n. [Ir. cat; Fr. chat.] 1. A name applied to a certain 
species of carnivorous quadrupeds, of the genus felis. 
2. A ship employed in the coal trade. — Brande. 3. A 
strong tackle or combination of pulleys, to hook and draw 
an anchor perpendicularly up to the cat-head of a ship. 
4. A double tripod, having six feet. — Cat of nine tails, an 
instrument of punishment, consisting of nine pieces of 
line or cord. — To turn a cat in pan, is to abandon one's 
principles for those of the dominant party, in order to 
come out uppermost, like a cat, who always falls on her 
feet, however turned or thrown. — Toone. 

CAT-BiRD (-burd), n. An American bird, whose cry re- 
sembles that of a cat; the turdus felivox. 

CAT-BLOCK, n. A tw-3 or three fold block, with an iron 
strap and large hook, used to draw up an anchor to the 
cat-head. 

CAT-EY.ED (kafide), a. Having eyes like a cat. 

CAT-FALL, n. In skips, a rope used in hoisting the anchor 
up to the cat-head. 

CAT-FISH, n. A species of shark. Also, a fresh-water fish 
of the bullhead kind. 

CAT-HaRP-INGS, n. pi. Ropes serving to brace in the 
shrouds of the lower masts behind their respective yards. 
to tighten the shrouds, and give more room to draw in the 
yards, when the ship is close-hauled. 

CAT-HeAD (-hed), n. A strong beam projecting horizon- 
tally over a ship's bows. 

GAT-HOOK, n. A strong hook fitted to the cat-block. 

CAT-LIKE, a. Resembling a cat— Shah. 

CAT-MINT, n. A plant of the genus nepeta. 

CAT-PlPE. See Catcall. 

GAT-SALT, n. A sort of salt beautifully granulated, formed 
out of the bittern or leach-brine. 

GAT-SIL- VER, n. A mineral, a variety of mica. 

CAT-TaIL, n. 1. A tall reed with insignificant flowers, in 
a dense cylindrical spike at the end of the stem. Its long, 
flat leaves are much used for the bottoms of chairs. 2. A 
substance growing on nut-trees, pines, &c. 

CATS'-EyE, n. A variety of quartz or chalcedony, exhib- 
iting yellowish opalescent reflections from within, resem- 
bling those from the eye of a cat : hence the name. 

GAT'S'-FOOT, n. A plant of the genus glechoma. 

GAT'S'-HeAD, n. A kind of apple. 

CAT'S-PAW, n. 1. Among seamen, a light air, perceived, 
in a calm, by a rippling of the surface of the water; also, 
a particular turn in the bight of a rope, made to hook a 
tackle on. 2. A dupe ; the instrument which another 
uses to accomplish his purposes. [Derived from the sto- 
ry of the monkey who used the paws of the cat to draw 
the roasting chestnuts out of the fire.] 

GAT-A-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. Kara and PaKrurrriS.] One who 
opposes baptism. 

CAT-A-CAUSTIC, a. [Gr. Kara/avaiS.] Catacaustic curves, 
in geometry, caustic curves formed by reflection. 

CAT-A-CHRE'SIS, n. [Gr. KaTaxPnmi.] An abuse of a trope 
or of words ; a trope which borrows the name of one 
thing to express another ; as, the blood of the grape. 

CAT-A-CHRESTIG, \a. Belonging to a catachresis ; 

€AT-A-€HRES'TIC-AL, 5 forced; far-fetched; wrested 
from its natural sense. 

CAT-A-CHRESTIC-AL-LY, adv. In a forced manner. 

CATA-GLYSM, n. [Gr. kiituk'XvcixoS.] A deluge, or over- 
flowing of water. — Hall. [Little used.] 

CATA-C5MB (kaf a-kome), n. [Gr. K ara and kv/jiS^S.] A cave, 
grotto, or subterraneous place for the burial of the dead. 

CAT-A-COUSTICS, n. [Gr. Kara/cow.] That part of acous- 
tics, or the doctrine of sounds, which treats of reflected 
sounds. 

GAT-A-DI-OP'TRIG, \ a. [Gr. Kara and Siozrotiai.] Re- 

CAT-A-DI-OP'TRIC-AL, 5 fleeting light. 

CATA-DOPE. n. [Fr., from Gr. Kara and Sovnew.] A cata- 
ract or waterfall. — Brewer. 

GAT-A-FAL'CO, n. A temporary structure, representing a 
tomb, decorated with paintings and sculpture, and used in 
funeral solemnities. 

CAT-AG-MATIG, a. [Gr. Karayua.] That has the quality of 

consolidating broken parts. 
CATA-GRAPH, n. [Gr. Kara and ypaepw.] The first draught 
of a picture ; also, a profile. 



D6VE ;-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thii. ,t 



CAT-A-LECTIG, a. [Gr. Kara and Xcyw.J In prosody, want- 
ing a syllable at the end, or terminating with an imperfect 
foot ; as, a catalectic verse. 
GAT-A-LEP'SIS, >ra. [Gr. KaraXv^ns.] A sudden suppres- 
GATA-LEP-SY, > sion of motion and sensation, in which 
the patient is speechless, senseless, and fixed in one pos- 
ture. 
€AT-A-LEP'TIG, a. Pertaining to catalepsy, 
t CATA-LO-GlZE, v. t. To insert in a catalogue. 
CATA-LOGUE (kafa-log), n. [Gr. Karah>yos.] A list or 
enumeration of the names of men or things disposed in 
order. — Catalogue raisonne (ra-zon-a/), a catalogue of 
books classed according to their subjects. Brande, — Syn. 
List; register; roll; record. 
CATA-LOGUE, v. t. To make a list of.— Herbert. 
€A-TAL'PA, n. A large tree of the southern and south- 
western states. 
GA-TALT-SIS, n. [Gr. KaraXvai;.] Literally, dissolution. 
In chemistry, a decomposition and new combination of tho 
proximate and elementary principles of compounds, by 
the presence of substances which do not of themselves so 
combine. 
GAT-A-LYT'IG, a. Relating to catalysis.— Catalytic force, 
that modification of the force of chemical affinity which 
determines catalysis. 
GATA-MA-RAN', n. A kind of raft used in India and Brazil 
for fishing and landing goods from ships. The term wa9 
also applied to the flat-bottomed boats constructed by Bo 
napartefor the invasion of England. 
CAT-A-Me'NI-A, n. The menses ; the monthly courses. 
€AT-A-Me'NI-AL, a. [Gr. K.ira/xriviuS-] Pertaining to the 

catamenia or menstrual discharges. 
GATA-MlTE, n. [L. catamitus.] A boy kept for unnatural 

purposes. 
CATA-MOUNT, \ n. Cat of the mountain ; the wild 

CAT-A-MOUNTAIN, $ cat. 

GAT-AN'DRO-MOUS, \ a. In ichthyology, moving once a 
CAT-AN-AD'RO-MOUS, J year from salt water into fresh. 

— Knowles. 
CATA-PASM, n. [Gr. Kara-aaaixa.] A dry powder for sprink- 
ling the body. — Coxe. 
GAT-A-PELTIC, a. Pertaining to the catapult. As a noun, 

the catapult. 
CAT-A-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. Kara and ttztoXov.] An epithet 
applied to petals of a flower, held together by stamens, 
which grow to their bases, as in the mallow. 
CAT-A-PHON'ICS, n. [Gr. Kara and q)wvn.] The doctrine 

of reflected sounds, a branch of acoustics. 
CATA-PHRAGT, n. [L. cataphracta.] 1. In the ancient mil- 
itary art, a piece of heavy defensive armor. 2. A horse 
man in complete armor. — Milton. 
CATA-PHRACT-ED, a. Covered with hard, callous skin. 

or horny plates of scales. 
GATA-PLASM, n. [Gr. K arair)<acKa.] A poultice, 
t CATA-PUCE, n. The herb spurge.— Chaucer. 
€ ATA-PULT, n, [L. catapulta.] A military engine used by the 
ancient Greeks and Romans for throwing darts, stones, &c. 
CATA-RACT, n. [L. cataracta.] 1. A great fall of water 
over a precipice, as that of Niagara. It is a cascade upon 
a great scale. — 2. In medicine and surgery, an opacity of 
the crystalline lens, or its capsule ; a disorder in the eye, 
by which the pupil, which is usually black and transparent, 
becomes opaque, blue, gray, brown, &c, by which vision 
is impaired or destroyed. 
CAT-A-RACT'OUS, a. Partaking of the nature of a cataract 

in the eye. 
CA-TaRRH' (ka-taiO, n. [L. catarrhus.] 1. A defluxion of 
mucus from the membranes of the nose, fauces, and bron 
chiae, with sneezing, cough, thirst, lassitude, and loss ot 
appetite ; called, also, a cold, coryza. An epidemic catarrh 
is called influenza. — 2. In popular language, a chronic dis- 
charge from the mucous membrane of the nose, fauces, &c. 
CA-TaRRHAL, la. Pertaining to catarrh, produced by 
CA-TaRRH'OUS, 5 it, or attending it. 
CA-TAS'TE-RISM, n. [Gr. Karaar epic ixog.] A constellation, 

or a placing among the stars. 
CA-TAS'TRO-PHE, n. [Gr. Karaarpn^.] 1. The change or 
revolution which produces the final event of a dramatic 
piece ; or the unfolding and winding up of the plot. 2. A 
final event; conclusion; generally, an unfortunate con- 
clusion, calamity, or disaster.— In geology, a term applied 
to supposed violent convulsions of the globe, causing the 
elevation or subsidence of its solid parts. 
GA-TAS'TRO-PHIST, n. One who maintains that the great 
changes of our globe have been the result of catastrophies, 
or violent physical convulsions. 
CATCALL, n. A squeaking instrument, used in play-houses 

to condemn plays. 
CATCH, v. t. ; pret. and pp. catcked, or caught. [Sp. coger, 
to catch, coinciding in elements with Gr. /ciyew.] 1. To 
seize or lay hold on with the hand ; carrying the sense Oi 
pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on. ',',. To 
seize, in a general sense. 3. To seize, as in a snare or trap 

Icte. 



CAT 



154 



CAT 



to uisnare ; to entangle. 4. To seize in pursuit; hence, 
simply, to overtake. 5. To take hold ; to communicate 
to; as, the tire caught the next house. 6. To seize the 
affections . to engage and attach to. 7. To take or receive 
by contagion or infection. 8. To snatch ; to take suddenly. 
9. To receive something passing. — To catch at, to endeav- 
or to seize suddenly. — To catch up, to snatch ; to take up 
suddenly. 
SATCH, v. i. 1. To communicate ; to spread by infecting. 

2. To seize and hold. 
GATCH, n. 1. Seizure ; the act of seizing. 2. Any thing 
that seizes or takes hold, as a hook. 3. The posture of 
seizing ; a state of preparation to catch, or of watching an 
opportunity to seize. 4. A sudden advantage taken. 5. 
The thing caught, considered as an object of desire ; prof- 
it; advantage. 6. A snatch; a short interval of action. 
7. A little portion. 8. A song sung in succession, where 
one catches it up after another. — Johnson. 
GATCH'-DRaIN, n. A drain on a hill-side, to catch the 
surface water. Also, a ditch on the side of a canal to catch 
the water which escapes. 
GATCH'-FLY, n._ A plant of the genus lychnis ; campion. 
GATCH'-MeAD'oW (-med'do), n. A meadow which is ir- 
rigated by water from a hill-side. 
GATCH'-PoLL, n. A bailiff 's assistant, so called by way of 

reproach. 
CATCH'-W6RD, n. Among actors, the last word of the 
preceding speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak 
next. — Among printers, the word placed at the bottom of 
each page, under the last line, which is to be inserted as 
^ the first word on the following page. 

GATCH' A-BLE, a. That may be caught. [Not well author- 
ized.] 
GATCH'ER, n. One who catches ; that which catches, or 

in which any thing is caught. 
GATCH'ING, ppr. Seizing; taking hold; insnaring; en- 
tangling. 
GATCH'ING, a. Communicating, or that may be commu- 
nicated by contagion ; infectious ; contagious. 
GATCH'ING-BaR'GAIN, n. A bargain made with an heir- 
expectant for the purchase of his expectancy, at an inad- 
equate price. — Bouvier. 
GATCHTEN-NY, n. Something worthless, particularly a 
book or pamphlet, adapted to the popular taste, and in- 
tended to gain money in market. 
GATCH'UP, \n. A liquor extracted from mushrooms, to- 
*GAT'SUP, 5 matoes, &c, used as a sauce. 
GITE. SeeCATES. 

GAT-E-CHET IG-AL, la. 1. Relating to oral instruction, 
GAT-E-CHET'IG, J and particularly in the first princi- 
ples of the Christian religion. 2. Relating to, or consisting 
in asking questions and receiving answers. 
GAT-E-CH£T'1€-AL-LY, adv. By question and answer ; in 

the way of oral instruction. 
CAT-E-CHI-Sa'TION, n. The act of catechising. 
GATE-GHISE, v, t. [Gr. ranjx^w.] 1. To instruct by ask- 
ing questions, receiving answers, and offering explana- 
tions and corrections. 2. To question ; to interrogate ; to 
examine or try by questions, and sometimes with a view 
to reproof, by eliciting answers from a person which con- 
demn his own conduct. — 3. Appropriately, to ask ques- 
tions concerning the doctrines of the Christian religion ; 
to interrogate pupils, and give instruction in the princi- 
ples of religion. 
GAT'E-€HiS£D (kafe-kizd), pp. Instructed. 
€ATE-€HlS-ER, n. One who catechises; one who instructs 
by question and answer, and particularly in the rudiments 
of the Christian religion. 
GATE-€HlS-ING, ppr. Instructing in rudiments or princi- 
ples. 
GAT'E-CHISM (kafe-kizm), n. [Gr. /car W ffi"o?.] A form 
cf instruction by means of questions and answers, partic- 
ularly in the principles of religion. 2. An elementary 
book, containing a summary of principles in any science 
or art, but appropriately in religion, reduced to the form of 
questions and answers. 
GAT'E-CHIST, n. [Gr. /car^xtorr???.] One who instructs by 
question and answer ; a catechiser ; one appointed by the 
church to instruct in the principles of religion. 
CAT-E-CHIST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a catechist, or cat- 
CAT-E-CHIST'IC-AL, \ echism. 

CAT-E-GHIST'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a catechistical manner. 
GAT'E-GHU, n. A brown astringent substance brought from 
India, and containing a large portion of tannin or tannic 
acid. It has been absurdly called terra japonica, and is 
used in the arts and in medicine. 
GAT-E-€Hu'I€ ACID, n. An acid soluble in water, ob- 
tained from catechu. 
GAT-r-CHu'MEN, n. [Gr. Kiirnxovixsva.] One who is in 
the first rudiments of Christianity ; one who is receiving 
instruction and preparing himself for baptism. 
CAT-E-CHU-MEN'IG-AL, a. Belonging to catechumens. 
CAT-E-CHu'MEN-IST, n. A catechumen. 



* See Synopsis. A, E I, &c., long— A, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— M ARlNE, BiRD 



CAT-E-GOR-E-MATIG, a. In logic, a term applied to i 
word which is capable of being employed by itself as 
term, or predicate of a proposition. 

GAT-E-GOR'IG-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a category. 2. Ab 
solute ; positive ; express ; direct ; explicit ; not evasive 
not relative or hypothetical. 

GAT-E-GOR'IG-AL-LY, adv. Absolutely ; directly ; express 
ly ; positively. 

GATE-GO-RY, n. [Gr. Karnyopia.] In logic, a series or or 
der of all the predicates or attributes contained under t 
genus. _ 

GAT-E-Na'RI-AN, I a. [L. catenarius.] Relating to a chain , 

GATE-NA-RY, j like a chain. 

GATE-NaTE, v. t. [L. catena.] To chain, or, rather, to con 
nect in a series of links or ties. 

GAT'E-Na-TED, pp. Connected, as links in a chain. 

GAT'E-Na-TING, ppr. Connecting, as links in a chain. 

GAT-E-Na'TION, n. Connection of links, union of parts, m 
in a chain ; regular connection. See Concatenation. 

GA-TEN'U-LATE, a. [L. catena, a chain.] Presenting a sur 
face with a series of ridges and oblong tubercles, resem 
bling a chain. — Brande. 

Gl'TER, v. i. To provide food ; to buy or procure provis 
ions. 

Gl'TER, n. A provider. [See Caterer.] Old Eng. acha- 
tor. — Chaucer. 

Ga'TER, n. The four of cards or dice ; so written for Fr 
quatre. 

G a'TER-G6US'/N (-kuz'n), n. A quatre-cousin, a remote re- 
lation. 

G A'TER-ER, n. [from cater. In Chaucer, achator, from ache- 
ter.] A provider, buyer, or purveyor of provisions. 

Ga'TER-ESS, n. A woman who caters ; a female providei 
of food. 

GATER-PIL-L AR, n. The colored and often hairy larva o\ 
the lepidopterous insects, or of butterflies and moths. 

GAT'ER-PIL-LAR-eAT'ER, n. A worm bred in the body 
of a caterpillar, which eats it. 

GATER-WAUL, v. i. To cry or waul, as cats in rutting 
time ; to make a harsh, offensive noise. 

GAT'ER-WAUL-ING, n. The cry of cats; a harsh, disa- 
greeable noise or cry. 

Ga'TER- Y, n. The place where provisions are deposited. 

GaTES, n. pi. Delicious food or viands ; dainties. 

CATGUT, 7i. 1. The intestines of sheep and other ani 
mals dried and twisted, used as strings for musical instru- 
ments, &c. 2. A kind of linen or canvas, with wide inter- 
stices. 

GATH'A-RlNE WHEEL, n. A circular, ornamented win- 
dow, or compartment of a window, in a Gothic building. 

CATH'A-RIST, n. [Gr. Kadapoi.] One who pretends to 
more purity than others possess. 

GA-THAR'SIS, n. [Greek.] Purgation; alvine discharges, 
evacuation. 

GA-THaR'TIG, >a. [Gr. KadapriKoS.] Purging; cleans- 

GA-THaR'TIG-AL, 5 ing the bowels ; promoting evacua- 
tions by stool ; purgative. 

GA-THaR'TIC, n. A medicine that promotes alvine dis 
charges, and thus cleanses the stomach and bowels. 

GA-THaR'TIG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a cathartic. 

CA-THARTIG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of promoting dis- 
charges from the bowels. 

€A-THaR'TI-NA, > n. The active purgative principle ot 

GA-THaRTiNE, ) senna. It has more recently been call 
ed sennin. 

GATH'E-DRA or GA-THe'DRA, n. [Gr.] A chair ; appro- 
priately, the chair or seat of a person in authority, as a 
chief or lecturer. Hence, ex cathedra, with authority. 

GA-THE'DRAL, n. [L. cathedra.] The see or seat of a bish 
op ; the principal church in a diocese. 

GA-THE'DRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the church which is 
the bishop's seat, or head church of a diocese ; containing 
the see of a bishop. 2. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral 

GATH'E-DRa-TED, a. Relating to the authority of the 
chair or office of a teacher. 

GATH'E-RiNE-PEaR, n. An inferior kind of pear. 

GATH'E-TER, n. [Gr. Kadernp.] In surgery, a tubular in 
strument, usually made of silver, to be introduced into the 
bladder, to draw off" the urine when the natural discharge 
is suppressed. 

GATH'E-TUS, n. [Gr. KaBeros.] 1. In geometry, a line or 
radius, falling perpendicularly on another. — 2. In architec- 
ture, a perpendicular, passing through the middle of a cyl- 
indrical body ; also, the center of the Ionic volutes. 

GATH'ODE (kafode), n. [Gr. Kara, downward, and oSos, 
way.] In electro-chemistry, the way or surface by which the 
electric current leaves substances through which it passes. 
It is opposed to anode, and is equivalent to negative pole. 

GAT'HoLES, n. pi. Two little holes astern above the gun- 
room ports of a ship. 

GATHO-LIG, a. [Gr. khBo\iko<;.] 1. Universal or general, 
as, the catholic church. This name is now claimed par- 
ticularly by the Roman Catholic Church. 2. Liberal ; not 

move," book. 



CAu 



155 



CAU 



uarrow-minaed, partial, or bigoted. 3. Pertaining to or 
affecting the Roman Catholics ; as, Catholic emancipation. 
-— Catholic epistles, the epistles of the apostles which are 
addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church. 

CATH'O-LIC, n. An adherent of the Roman Catholic 
Church. 

CA-THOL'I€-AL, a. General.— Gregory. 

CA-THOL'I-CISM, or CATH'O-LI-CISM, n. 1. Adherence 
to the Roman Catholic Church. 2. Universality, or the 
orthodox faith of the whole church. — 3. More generally, 
liberality of sentiments. 

CATH-O-LIC'I-TY, n. 1. The religion of the Roman Cath- 
olics. — 2. Among some in the English Church, the doc- 
trines and usages of the fathers of the first five centuries. 

CA-THOL'I-ClZ£, v. i. To become a Roman Catholic. 
[Little used.] 

CATH'O-LIC-LY, adv. Generally ; in a catholic manner. 

CATH'O-LIC-NESS, n. Universality. 

€A-THOL'I€-ON, n. [Gr. kuOoXikov.] A remedy for all dis- 
easas ; a universal remedy ; a remedy supposed to be ef- 
ficacious in purging away all humors ; a panacea. 

€A-THOL'IC-OS, n. The primate or head of the Armenian 
Church. 

CAT-I-LI-Na'RI-AN, a. Resembling Catiline, the Roman. 

€AT-I-LI-Na'RI-AN, n. One who resembles Catiline. 

CAT'I-LIN-ISM, n. The practices of Catiline, the Roman 
conspirator ; conspiracy. 

CATKIN, n. In botany, a species of calyx, or, rather, of in- 
florescence. 

CATLING, n. 1. A dismembering knife, used by surgeons. 
2. The down or moss growing about walnut-trees, resem- 
bling the hair of a cat. 3. Catgut. — Shak. 

CATMINT, )n. A plant with broad whitish leaves and 

CATNIP, 3 white flowers, somewhat resembling mint. 
Cats are fond of it, and hence the name. 

CA-To'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling Cato ; grave ; 
severe; inflexible. 

€AT-0-NINETa1LS, n. A whip with nine lashes. 

€A-TOP'TRON,} w - t Gr - *&™7rrpov.] A mirror. [Obs.] 

€A-TOP'TRIC, ? a. Relating to catoptrics, or vision by 

CA-TOPTR1C-AL, 5 reflection. 

CA-TOPTRICS, n. [Gr. KaTOTrrpucos.] That part of optics 
which explains the properties of reflected light. 

CA-TOPTRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. KaronTpo/xavrtia.] A spe- 
cies of divination among the ancients. 

* CATSUP. See Catchup. 

CATTLE, n. sing, or pi. [Norm, catal, chastel.] 1. Beasts 
or quadrupeds in general, serving for tillage, or other la- 
bor, and for food to man. In its primary sense, the word 
includes camels, horses, asses, all the varieties of domesti- 
cated horned beasts of the bovine genus, sheep of all 
kinds, and goats. — 2. In the United States, cattle, in com- 
mon usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus, oxen, 
bulls, cows, and their young. — 3. In Great Britain, black 
cattle are bulls, oxen, cows, and their young, while small 
cattle are sheep and goats. — 4. In reproach, human beings 
are called cattle. 

CATTLE-SHoW, n. An exhibition of domestic animals 
for prizes, or for the encouragement of agriculture. 

CATTY, n. A Chinese weight of 1% pound. 

€AU-CA-Se'AN \ a ' P ertam i n S to Mount Caucasus in Asia. 

CAUCUS, n. A word used in America to denote a meeting 
of citizens to agree upon candidates to be proposed for 
election to offices, or to concert measures for supporting 
a party. The origin of the word is not ascertained. 

CAUDAL, n. [L. cauda.] Pertaining to a tail, or to the 
thread which terminates the seed of a plant. 

CAU'DITE, la. [L. cauda.] Having a tail; having a long 

CAU'Da-TED, 5 termination like a tail.— Fairfax. 

CAU'DEX, n. ; pi. Caudexes. [L.] In botany, the stem of 
a tree. 

CAU'DLE, n. [Fr. chaudeau.] A kind of warm drink; a 
mixture of wine, gruel, and other ingredients for the sick. 

CAUDLE, v. t. To make or prepare caudle, or to dress 
with caudle — Shak. 

C AUF, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water. 

CAUGHT (cawt), pret. and pp. of catch. 

CAUK. See Cawk. 

CAUL, n. [L. caula.] 1. In anatomy, a membrane in the ab- 
domen, covering the greatest part of the lower intestines. 
2. A kind of net in which females inclose their hair ; the 
hinder part of a cap. 3. Any kind of net. 

CAU-LES'CENT, a. [L. caulis.] In botany, having a herba- 
ceous stem which bears both leaves and fructification. 

CAU'LET, n. [L. caulus.] Colewort. 

CAU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. caulis and fero.] In botany, the 
same as caulescent. 

CAU'LI-FLOW-ER, n. [It. cavolfiore.] A variety of brassica, 
or cabbage, having numerous and compact flowers plant- 
ed on a short stem, and forming a curd-like head, which is 
the part eaten. 



CAU'LL FORM, a. [L. caulis and forma.] Havh g the form 
of a stalk, or herbaceous stem. 

CAU'LINE, a. [L. caulis.] In botany, growing immediately 
on the herbaceous stem or stalk, called caulis. 

CAULK. See Calk. 

CAU-MAT'IC, a. Of the nature of cauma, which is a simple 
phlogistic fever. 

t CAUP'O-NaTE, v. i. [L. cauponor.] To keep a victualing 
house. 

f CAUP'O-NISE, v. t. To sell wine or victuals. 

CAUSA-BLE, a. That may be caused, produced, or effected 

CAUSAL, a. Relating to a cause or causes ; implying or 
containing a cause or causes ; expressing a cause. 

CAUSAL, n. In grammar, a word that expresses a cause, 
or introduces the reason. 

€AUS-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The agency of a cause. — 2. In phre 
nology, the faculty of tracing effects to causes. 

CA-USAL-LY, adv. According to the order or series of 
causes. — Brown. 

CAUSAL-TY, n. Among miners, the fighter, earthy parts 
of ore, carried oil' by washing. 

CAUS-a'TION, n The act of causing or producing ; the act 
or agency by wmch an efl'ect is produced. 

CAUSA-TlVE, a. That expresses a cause or reason ; also, 
that effects a cause. 

€AUS'A-TlVE-LY, adv. In a causative manner. 

CAUS-A'TOR, n. One who causes or produces an effect. 

CAUSE, n. [Fr. cause ; Sp., Port., It. causa ; L. causa.] 1. A 
suit or action in court ; any legal process which a party 
institutes to obtain his demand. 2. That which produces 
an effect; that by virtue of which any thing is done ; that 
from which any thing proceeds, and without which it 
would not exist. 3. The reason or motive that urges, 
moves, or impels the mind to act or decide. 4. Sake ; ac- 
count. 5. That which a party or nation pursues ; or, rath- 
er, pursuit, prosecution of an object ; as, the cause of truth. 
— 6. Without cause, without good reason. — Syn. Reason ; 
motive; inducement; incitement. 

CAUSE, v. t. 1. To produce ; to occasion ; to bring into ex 
istence. 2. To efl'ect by agency, power, or influence. 

t CAUSE, v. i. To assign insufficient cause. 

CAUSED, pp. Produced ; effected ; brought about. 

CAUSE'LESS, a. 1. Having no cause, or producing agent 
2. Without just ground, reason, or motive. 

€AUSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without cause or reason. 

CAUSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being causeless. 

CAUS'ER, n. He that causes ; the agent by which an effect 
is produced. 

C AUSE'WaY, \ n. [Norm, calsay ; Fr. chaussee.] A way 

CAUS'EY, j raised above the natural level of the 
ground by stones, earth, timber, fascines, &c, serving as a 
dry passage over wet or marshy ground. Also, a road 
laid regularly with stones. 

CAUSE'WaY£D, \a. Having a causey or raised way 

CAU'SEY£D, j Dwight. 

CAU-SID'IC-AL, a. [L. causidicus.] Pertaining to an ad 
vocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits. 

CAUSING, ppr. Producing; effecting; bringing into being. 

CAUSTIC, \a. [Gr.icavGTiKoS.] 1. Burning; corroding; 

CAUS'TIC-AL, j destroying the texture of animal flesh.— 2. 
Figuratively, severe ; as, a caustic article in a re vie w.- 
Caustic curve, in geometry, a curve to which the rays of 
fight, reflected or refracted by another curve, are tan- 
gents. The catacaustic is formed by reflection, and the 
diacaustic by refraction. Gwilt. — Syn. Stinging; cutting, 
pungent; searching. 

CAUSTIC, n. In medicine, any substance which, applied to 
living animals, acts like fire ; an escharotic. — Lunar caus- 
tic, a nitrate of silver, used as a corrosive. 

CAUS-TIC'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of acting like fire on ani 
mal matter. 2. Figuratively, cutting remark ; severity. 

CAUS'TIC-NESS, n. The quality of being caustic— Scott. 

tCAUTEL, n. [Yr.cautel] Cunning ; wile ; caution.— Shak 

CAU'TEL-OUS, a. [Fr. caiaeleux.] 1. Cautious ; wary ; prov 
ldent. 2. Cunning; treacherous; wily. 

CAUTEL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Cunningly ; slily ; treacherous 
ly.— Bacon. 2. Cautiously; warily.— Brown. 

CAU'TEL-OUS-NESS, n. Cautiousness. 

CAU'TER, n. A searing hot iron.— Minsheu. 

CAUTER-ISM, n. The application of cautery. 

CAU-TER-I-Z5TION, n. In surgery, the act of burning or 
searing some morbid part by the application of fire. 

CAU'TER-lZE, v. t. [Fr. cauteriser.] To burn or sear with 
fire or a hot iron, as morbid flesh. 

CAUTER-IZ.ED, pp. or a, Burned or seared with a hot iron. 

€AU'TER-lZ-ING, ppr. Burning, as with a hot iron. 

CAUTER-IZ-ING, n. The act of burning, as with a hot iron. 

CAU'TER- Y, n. [Gr. Kavrrjpiov.] A burning or searing, as of 
morbid flesh, by a hot iron, which is the actual cautery ; 
or by caustic medicines, which is the potential i autery. 

C &.UTION, n. [L. cautio ; Fr. caution.] 1. Provident care ; 
prudence in regard to danger 2. Security for.— Claren 
don ; [rare.] 3. Provision or security against ; measures 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.-- -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



OAV 



156 



CEI 



taken for security. 4. Precept ; exhortation, inte ided as 
security or guard against evu. 5. Vulgarly, a reason for 
caution ; as, the manner he beat him was a caution. — Syn. 
Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence; watchful- 
ness ; vigilance ; circumspection ; anxiety ; providence ; 
counsel ; advice ; warning ; admonition. 

CAUTION, v. t. To give notice of danger ; to warn ; to ex- 
hort ; to take heed. 

GAUTION-A-RY, a. 1. Containing caution, or warning, to 
avoid danger. 2. Given as a pledge or in security. 

CAUTIONjED, pp. Warned ; previously admonished. 

GAUTION-ER, n. In Scots law, the person who is bound 
for another to the performance of an obligation. 

CAUTION-IN G, ppr. Warning ; giving previous notice of 
danger. 

CAUTION-RY, n. In Scots law, the act of giving security 
for another. 

CAUTIOUS, a. Careful to avoid evils ; attentive to exam- 
ine probable effects and consequences of measures, with a 
view to avoid danger or misfortune. — Syn. Wary ; watch- 
ful ; vigilant ; prudent ; circumspect ; discreet ; heedful ; 
thoughtful ; scrupulous ; anxious ; careful 

CAUTIOUS-LY, adv. With caution ; in a wary, scrupulous 
manner. 

CAUTIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being cautious ; watch- 
fulness ; provident care ; circumspection ; prudence with 
regard to danger. 

CAVAL-CaDE, n. [Fr. cavalcade.] A procession of per- 
sons on horseback. 

CAV-A-LIeR' (kav-a-leer'), n. 1. A horseman, especially an 
armed horseman ; a knight. 2. A gay, sprightly, military 
man. 3. The appellation of the party of King Charles I. 
— 4. In fortification, an elevation of earth, situated ordina- 
rily in the gorge of a bastion, bordered with a parapet, 
vvith embrasures. — 5. In the manege, one who understands 
horsemanship. 

CAV-A-LIeR', a. 1. Gay; sprightly; warlike; brave; gen- 
erous ; [obs.] 2. Haughty ; disdainful. 3. Pertaining to 
the cavaliers, or adherents of Charles I. 

€AV-A-LIeR'ISM, n. The practice or principles of cava- 
liers. — Scott. 

€ AV-A-LIeR'LY, adv. Haughtily; arrogantly; disdainfully. 

CAV-A-LIeR'NESS, n. Haughtiness ; a disdainful manner. 

CAVAL-RY, n. [Fr. cavalerie.] A body of mihtary troops 
on horses ; a general term, including fight-horse, dragoons, 
and other bodies of men, serving on horseback. 

€ L'VITE, v. t. To dig out and make hollow ; but super- 
seded by excavate. 

CI'VA-TED, pp. Made hollow. 

Ga'Va.-TING, ppr. Making hollow. 

GAV-ATl'NA (kav-a-te'na), n. [It.] In music, a short air, 
without a return or second part, which is sometimes re- 
lieved by recitative. 

€A-Va'ZION (ka-va'zhun), n. [L. cavo.] In architecture, the 
underdigging or hollowing of the earth for the foundation 
of a bunding. 

€ A VE, re. [Fr. cave ; L. cavea.] ' A hollow place in the earth ; 
a subterraneous cavern ; a den. 

CaVE, v. t. To make hollow. — Spenser. 

CaVE, v. i. To dwell in a cave. — Shak. To cave in, to fall 
in and leave a hollow. — Forby. 

Ga'VE-A, n. [L.] In ancient architecture, a term applied 
to the dens or stables for wild beasts, under the seats and 
around the arches of an amphitheatre. — Elmes. 

CX'VE-AT, n. [L.] 1. In law, a process in a court, espe- 
cially in a spiritual court, to stop proceedings, as to stop 
the proving of a will ; also, to prevent the institution of a 
clerk to a benefice. — In America, it is used in courts of 
common law. 2. Intimation of caution ; hint ; warning ; 
admonition. — 3. In the Patent Laws of the United States, a 
notice of intention to apply for the patenting of a particu- 
lar invention, with a description of the same, which oper- 
ates as a bar to a similar application from any other quar- 
ter, and thus gives the inver.tor time to perfect his work. 

Ca'VE-AT, v. i. To enter a caveat. — Judge Innes. 

■GA'VE-AT EMPTOR. [L.] Let the purchaser beware; 
that is, let him examine the quality of what he buys, since 
the risk lies with him. — Bouvier. 

€a'VE-1-TING, n. In fencing, the shifting of the sword 
from one side of an adversary to the other. 

€a'VE-a-TOR, n. One who enters a caveat.— Judge Innes. 

CAVERN, n. [L. caverna.] A deep, hollow place in the 
earth. 

CAV'ERNED, a. 1. Full of caverns, or deep chasms ; hav- 
ing caverns. 2. Inhabiting a cavern. 

CAVERN-OUS, a. [L. cavernosus.] Hollow; full of caverns, 
or of cavities. 

€A-VERN'U-LOUS, a. [L.cavernula.] Full of little cavities. 

CA-VETTO, n. [from It. cavo.] In architecture, a hollowed 
molding, whose profile is the quadrant of a circle —Gwilt. 

GAVE-ZON, In. [Fr. cavecon, or cavesson.] Asortofnose- 

GA VES-SON, 5 band, which is put on the nose of a horse, 
to forward the breaking of him. 



GA-ViiARE' (ka-veer'), ? n. [Sp. cabial; It. caviale.] The roes 

CAV'I-aR (kav'e-ar), > of certain large fish, prepared aiiu 
salted. It was considered as a delicacy by some in Shaks- 
peare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence Ham- 
let says of a certain play, " Twas caviare to the general," 
i. e., to the common people, who could not relish or un- 
derstand it. 

CAV'I-CORN, n. [L. cavus and cornu.] A name given to 
ruminant animals having the horns hollowed like a sheath, 
and planted on a bony process of the front, as the antelope. 

CAVIL, v. i. [Sp. cavilar.] 1. To raise captious and frivo- 
lous objections ; to find fault without good reason ; to 
carp ; to censure. 2. To advance futile objections, or to 
frame sophisms, for the sake of victory in an argument. 

CAVIL, v. t. To receive or treat with objections. [Not 
usual.] 

CAVIL, n. False or frivolous objections ; a fallacious kind 
of reason. 

CA VIL-ER, 7i. One who cavils ; one who is apt to raise 
captious objections; a captious disputant. 

CAVIL-ING, ppr. or a. Raising frivolous objections. 

CAVIL-ING, n. The raising ot frivolous objections. 

CAVIL-ING-LY, adv. In a caviling manner. 

CAVIL-ING-NESS, n. The disposition to cavil. 

CAV-IL-La'TION, n. [L. cavillatio.] The act or practice ot 
caviling, or raising frivolous objections. 

CAVIL-OUS, a. Captious; unfair in argument; apt to ob- 
ject without good reason. 

CAVIL-OUS-LY, adv. In a cavilous manner; captiously. 

CAVIL-OUS-NESS, n. Captiousness ; disposition or apti- 
tude to raise frivolous objections. 

CAVIN, 7i. [Fr.] In the military art, a hollow way, or natu- 
ral hollow, adapted to cover troops. 

CAVITY, n. [L. cavitas.] A hollow place ; hollowness ; 
an opening, or aperture. 

CAV'0-LIN-lTE, n. A variety of nepheline, which see. 

Ca'VY, n. A genus of quadrupeds, embracing the guinea 
pig, holding a middle place between the murine and lepo- 
rine tribes. 

CAW, v. i. [Sax. ceo.] To cry like a crow, rook, or raven. 

CAWING, 7i. The cry of the crow, rook, or raven. 

GAWK, \n. A name given by miners to an opaque massive 

GAUK, > or compact variety of sulphate of baryta. 

GAWKY, a. Pertaining to cawk; like cawk. — Woodward. 

GAX'ON, n. A cant expression for a wig. 

CAX'oU, n. [Sp. caxa, cazon.] A chest of ores of any metal 
that has been burned, ground, and washed, and is ready 
to be refined. 

CaY-ENNE'-PEP'PER, n. A very pungent kind of pepper ; 
red pepper, or capsicum. 

CaY'MAN, n. An animal of the genus lacerta, found in the 
West. Indies ; the alligator. 

CA-ZlC, I (ca-zeek'), n. The title of a king or chief 

CA-ZlQUE', j among several tribes of Indians in America. 

CeASE, v. i. [Fr. cesser.] 1. To stop moving, acting, oi 
speaking; to leave off; to give over. 2. To fail; to be 
wanting. 3. To stop ; to be at an end ; as, the remem- 
brance of them shall cease. 4. To abstain ; to desist ; to 
discontinue. 

CeASE, v. t. To put a stop to ; to put an end to.— Milton. 

t CeASE, n. Extinction. — Shak. 

CEASED (ceest), pp. Stopped; ended. 

CeASE'LESS, a. 1. Without a stop or pause ; incessant . 
continual; without intermission. 2. Endless; enduring 
forever. 

CEASE'LESS-LY, adv. Incessantly ; perpetually. 

CeASTNG, ppr. Stopping; ending; desisting; failing. 

CeAS'ING, 7i. Cessation; stopping; desisting; pause; in- 
termission. 

CEC-CHlN' (che-keen'), n. A coin of Italy and Barbary 
See Zechin. 

* Ce'CITY, n. [L. ccecitas.] Blindness. — Brown. 

t CE-€uTIEN-CY, n. Tendency to blindness. 

CE'DAR, n._ [L. cedrus.] A tree. 

Ce'DAR-LiKE, a. Resembling a cedar. 

Ce'DARJSD, a. Covered or furnished with cedars. — Milton. 

Ce'DARN, a. Pertaining to the cedar. — Milton. 

CEDE, v. t. [Fr. ceder.] 1. To yield up to another. 2. To 
relinquish and grant. — Syn. To surrender; give up; re- 
sign ; transfer ; deliver. 

CeD'ED, pp. or a. Yielded ; surrendered ; given up. 

CE-DIL'LA, n. A mark used on the French c (thus, c), tc 
show that it is to be sounded like s. 

CeD'ING, ppr. Yielding ; giving up. 

Ce'DRAT, n. A species of citron-tree. 

CE'DRINE, a. Belonging to cedar. 

CeTjRY, a. Having the Golor or properties of cedar 

tCED'ULE, n. A scroll; a writing. — Cotgrave. 

CED'U-OUS, a. Fit to be felled.— Evelyn. 

CeIL (seel), v. t. [Sp. cielo.] To overlay or cover the innei 
roof of a building ; or to cover the top or roof of a room 

CeILjED, pp. or a. Overlaid with timber, or with plastering 

CeIL'ING, ppr. Covering the top of a room or building. 



See Suvovsis. A, E, I, &c, Ions 



E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARlNE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



CEL 



157 



CEN 



CEILING, n. 1 The upper horizontal or curved surface 
of an apartment, opposite the floor ; the covering which 
overlays the inner roof of a building, or the t mbers which 
form the top of a room. — 2. In ship-building, the inside 
planks of a ship. 

CeIL'INGUD, a. Furnished with a ceiling. — Wordsworth. 

CEL'AN-DINE, n. [D. celedonie.] A plant, swallow-wort, 
honied or prickly poppy. 

CEL'A-TURE, n. [L. calatura.] 1. The act or art of en- 
graving or embossing. 2. That which is engraved. 

CEL'E-BRANT, n. One who performs a public religious 
act; applied particularly to the officiating priest in any 
service of the Roman Catholic Church. 

CEL'E-BRXTE, v. t. [Fr. celebrer ; L. celebro.] 1 . To praise ; 
to extol ; to commend ; to give praise to ; to make famous. 
2. To distinguish by solemn rites ; to keep holy. 3. To 
honor or distinguish by ceremonies and marks of joy and 
respect 4. To mention in a solemn manner, whether of 
joy or sorrow. 

CEL'E-BRa-TED, pp. 1. Praised ; extolled ; honored. 2. a. 
Having celebrity. — Syn. Famous ; renowned ; illustrious ; 
distinguished. 

CEL'E-BRa-TING, ppr. Praising; honoring. 

OEL-E-BRa'TION, 7i. 1. Solemn performance; a distin- 
guishing by solemn rites. 2. A distinguishing by cere- 
monies, or by marks of joy or respect. 3. Praise ; re- 
nown ; honor, fame, or distinction bestowed. 

CEL'E-BRa-TOR, n. One who celebrates. 

CE-LE'BRI-OUS. a. Famous ; renowned. [Little used.] 

CE-Le'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With praise or renown. [Little 
used.} 

CE-LE'BRI-OUS-NESS, n. Fame ; renown. [Little used.] 

CE-LEB'RI-TY, n. [L. celebritas.] 1. Fame; renown; the 
distinction or honor publicly bestowed on a nation or in- 
dividual, on character or exploits. 2. Public and splendid 
transaction, [obsolete]. 

CEL'E-Rl. See Celery. 

CE-Le'RI-AC, n. A variety of celery, called, also, the tur- 
nip-rooted celery. See Celery. 

CE-LERT-TY, n. [L. celeritas.] 1. Rapidity of motion or 
movement. — Syn. Quickness ; speed ; swiftness ; fleet- 
ness; velocity. 

CEL'E-RY, n. [Fr. celeri.] A plant, a species of apium, cul- 
tivated for the table. 

CE-LES'TIAL (se-lesfyal), a. [L. ccelestis.] 1. Heavenly; 
belonging or relating to heaven ; dwelling in heaven. 

2. Belonging to the upper regions, or visible heaven. 

3. Descending from heaven. 
CE-LES'TIAL, n. An inhabitant of heaven.— Pope. 
CE-LESTIAL-iZE, v. t. To make celestial. 
CE-LESTIAL-IZ.ED (se-lesfyal-izd), pp. Made celestial.— 

Qjiar. Rev. 
CE-LESTIAL-LY, adv. In a heavenly or transporting 

manner. 
\ CE-LESTI-FY, v. t. To communicate something of a 

heavenly nature to any thing. 
CEL'ES-TIN, \n. In mineralogy, native sulphate of stron- 
CEL'ES-TINE, 5 tian. 
CEL'ES-TINS, n. pi. A religious order, founded by Celestin 

V., in the thirteenth century. 
Ce'LI-AC, a. [L. cceliacus.] Pertaining to the lower belly, 

or intestines. 

* CE-LIB'A-CY or CEL'1-BA-CY, n. [L. ceelebs, ccelibatus.] 
An unmarried state ; a single life. 

CEL'I-BATE, n. 1. The state of being unmarried.— Hall. 
2. A person who is unmarried. 

CEL-ID-OG'RA-PHY, n. A description of apparent spots on 
the disk of the sun, or on planets. 

CELL, n. [L. cella.] 1. A small or close apartment, as in a 
prison, or a bath. 2. A cottage ; a cave ; a small or mean 
place of residence. 3. A small cavity or hollow place, 
variously applied. — 4. In botany, a hollow place in a peri- 
carp, particularly in a capsule, in which seeds are lodged. 
— 5. In anatomy, a little bag, or bladder, containing fluid 
or other matter. 6. A religious house. — 7. In ancient 
architecture, the cell or cella fvas the part of a temple 
within the walls. 

CEL'LAR, n. [L. cellarium.] A room under a house or 
other building, used as a repository of liquors, provisions, 
and other stores for a family. 

CEL'LAR-AGE, n. 1. The room for a cellar ; a cellar, or 
cellars. 2. Charge for storage in a cellar. — Smart. 

CEL-LA-RET, n. A case of cabinet-work, for holding bot- 
tles of liquors. 

CEL'LAR-IST, \ n. An officer in a monastery who has the 

CEL'LAR-ER, 5 care of the cellar. 

• CEL'LER-ER, n. A butler. 

CEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cella and fero.] Bearing or pro- 
ducing cells. 

CEL'LU-LAR, a. [L. cellula.] Consisting of cells, or con- 
taining cells. — Kirwan. The cellular membrane, or tissue, 
in animal bodies, is composed of an infinite number ol mi- 
nute cells, communicating with each other. — Cellular tis- 



sue, in plants, that kind of elementary organic matte i 
which answers to the flesh in animals. 

CEL'LU-LAR, n. A plant having no spiral vessels, and 
which is flowerless. — Lindley. 

CEL'LU-La-TED, a. Formed with cells.— Caldwell. 

t CEL'LULE, n. A little cell. 

CEL-LU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cellula and fero.\ Bearing oi 
producing little cells. 

CEL'LU-LoSE, a. Containing cells. 

CELS'I-TUDE, n. [L. celsitvdo ] Height ; elevation.— Cliau 
cer. 

CELT, n. One of the primitive inhabitants of the South ol 
Europe. See Celtic. 

CELT-I-Be'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Celtiberia. 

CELT-I-Be'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Celtiberia 

CELTIC, a. [W. Celt.] Pertaining to the primitive hihabl 
tants of the South and West of Europe, or to the early in- 
habitants of Italy, Gaul, Spain, and Britain. 

CELTIC, n. The language of the Celts. 

CELTT-CISM, n. The manners and customs of the Celts 
— Warton. 

CELTIS, n. The nettle-tree, of several species. 

CEM'ENT, n. [L. ccementum.] 1. Any glutinous or other 
substance, capable of uniting bodies in close cohesion. 
2. Bond of union; that which unites firmly. 3. Powders, 
or pastes, surrounding bodies in pots and crucibles, for 
chemical purposes. Pronounced Cc-ment by Brande and 
Smart. 

CE-MENT, v. t. 1. To unite by the application of matter 
that produces cohesion of bodies. 2. To unite firmly or 
closely ; as, to cement friendship. 

CE-MENT', v. i. To unite or become solid ; to unite and 
cohere. 

CEM-ENT-ITION, n. 1. The act of cementing ; the act of 
uniting by a suitable substance. — 2. In chemistry, a process 
which consists in surrounding a solid body with the pow- 
der of other substances, and heating the whole to redness. 
Iron is thus converted into steel, glass into porcelain, &c. 
Brande. 

CE-MENTA-TO-RY, a. Cementing ; having the quality of 
uniting firmly. 

CE-MENTED, pp. or a. United by cement ; changed by 
cement ; firmly united ; consolidated. 

CE-MENT'ER, n. The person or thing that cements. 

CE-MENT'LNG, ppr. or a. Uniting by cement, changing by 
means of a cement ; uniting closely ; consolidating. 

CEM-ENT-I"TIOUS (sem-en-tish'us), a. Having the quality 
of cementing ; conglutinating ; tending to unite or consol- 
idate. 

CEMTE-TER-Y, n. [L. ccemeterium.] A place where the dead 
bodies of human beings are buried. 

CEN and CIN denote kinsfolk.— Gibson. 

* CEN'A-TO-RY, a. [L. canatorius.} Pertaining or relating 
to supper. — Brown. 

CEN'O-BlTE, n. [Gr. Koivo6ioTng.] One of a religious order 
who live in a convent, or in community. 

CEN-O-BITTC, \a. Living in community, as men be. 

CEN-O-BITTC-AL, } longing to a convent. 

Ce'NO-BY, 7i. A place where persons live in community. 
Buck. 

CEN'O-TAPH (sen'o-taf), n. [Gr. Kevorafiov.] An empty 
tomb erected in honor of some deceased person ; a monu 
ment erected to one who is buried elsewhere. 

CENSE (sens), n. [L. census.] 1. A public rate or tax 
Bacon. 2. Condition ; rank : [obs.] — Ben Jonson. 

CENSE, v. t. [Fr. encenser.] To perfume with odors from 
burning substances. 

CENS'ER, n. [Fr. encensoir.] A vase or pan in which in- 
cense is burned. 

CENSING, ppr. Perfuming with odors. 

CEN'SION (sen'shun), n. [L. censio.] A rate, tax, or assess- 
ment. — J. Hall. 

CEN'SOR, n. [L. censor.] 1. An officer in ancient Rome, 
whose business was to register the effects of the citizens, 
to inspect their manners, and impose taxes. 2. One who 
is empowered to examine all manuscripts and books, be- 
fore they are committed to the press. 3. One who is 
given to censure. 

CEN'SOR-LTKE, a. Censorious ; austere.— Cotgrave. 

CEN-So'RI-AL, ? a. 1. Belonging to a censor, or to the cor 

CEN-So'RI-AN, 3 rection of public morals. 2. Full of c en 
sure. See Censorious, the proper word. 

CEN-So'PJ-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to censure; apt to blame 
or condemn ; severe in making remarks on others, or on 
their writings or manners. 2. Implying cr expressing 
censure. — Syn. Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious" 
severe ; condemnatory. 

CEN-So'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a censorious manner. 

CEN-SoTJ-OUS-NES'S, n. 1. Disposition to blame and 
condemn ; the habit of censuring or reproaching. 2. The 
quality of being censorious. 

CEN'SOR-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of a censor ; the 
time during which a censor holds his office. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € as K ; <> as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ,1 Obsolete. 



CEN 



158 



CKR 



ChN'SU-AL (sen'shu-al), a. [L. ceusualis.] Relating to, or 
containing a census ; liable to be rated. 

CEN'SUR-A-BLE (sen'shu-ra-bl), a. [See Censuke.] Wor- 
thy of censure. — Syn. Blamable ; culpable ; faulty ; repre- 
hensible ; blameworthy. 

CEN'SUR-A-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; fitness to be 
censured. — W hillock. 

CEN'SUR-A-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of blame. 

CEN'SURE (sen'shur), n. [L. censura ; Fr. censure.] 1. In 
old writers, a mere estimate or judgment, [obs.] 2. The 
act of blaming or finding fault, and condemning as wrong. 
3. Judicial sentence; judgment that condemns. — Syn. 
Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation; disapprov- 
al ; disapprobation ; reprehension ; animadversion ; repri- 
mand; reflection; dispraise; abuse. 

CEN'SURE (sen'shur), v. t. [Fr. censurer.] 1. To find fault 
with and condemn as wrong ; to blame ; to express dis- 
approbation of 2. To condemn by a judicial sentence, as 
in ecclesiastical affairs. 3. To estimate. — Shak., [not in use.] 

f CEN'SURE, v. i. To judge. 

CEN'SUR-ED, pp. Blamed; reproved; condemned. 

CEN'SUR-ING, ppr. Blaming; finding fault with ; condem- 
ning. 

CEN'SUS, n. [L. from censeo. See Cense.] 1. In ancient 
Rome, an authentic declaration made before the censors, 
by the citizens, of their names and places of abode. 2. In 
the United States of America, an enumeration of the inhab- 
itants, taken by public authority. 

CENT, n. [Fr. cent.] 1. A hundred. — In commerce, per cent. 
denotes a certain rate by the hundred. — 2. In the United 
States of America, a copper coin, whose value is the hun- 
dredth part of a dollar. 

CENTA6E, n. Rate by the cent or hundred. 

CENTAUR, n. [L. centaurus.] 1. In mythology, a fabulous 
being, supposed to be half man and half horse. 2. One of 
the constellations of the southern hemisphere. 

CENTAUR-LlKE, a. Having the appearance of a centaur. 

CENTAUR-lZE, v. i. To perform the acts of, or to be like 
a centaur ; to be a man and act like a brute. — Young. 

CENTAU-RY, n. [L. centaurea.] The popular name of 
numerous plants, generally herbaceous. 

CEN-TE-Na'RI-AN, n. A person a hundred years old. — 
Trans, of Malte-Brun. 

CENTE-NA-RY, n. [L. centenarius.] The number of a 
hundred. 

CEN'TE-NA-RY, a. Relating to a hundred ; consisting of a 
hundred. 

CEN-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. centum.] 1. Consisting of a hundred 
years, or completing that term. 2. Pertaining to a hun- 
dred years. 3. Happening every hundred years. 

CEN'TER, In. [Gr. Kevrpov.] 1. A point equally distant 

CENTRE, 5 from the extremities of a line, figure, or body ; 
the middle point or place of any thing. 2. The middle or 
central object. — In an army, the body of troops occupying 
the place in the line between the wings. 3. A single body 
or house. — Center of gravity, the part about which the 
parts of a body exactly balance each other, so that when 
that point is supported the whole body is supported. 

CEN'TER, > v. t. 1. To place on a center ; to fix on a cen- 

CEN'TRE, 5 tral point. 2. To collect to a point. 

CEN'TER, \v. i. 1. To be collected to a point. 2. To be 

CEN'TRE, 5 collected to a point ; to rest on. 3. To be 
placed in the middle. 

CENTER-BIT, \n. An instrument turning on a center, 

CENTRE-BIT, > for boring holes. 

CENTER-ED, \ pp. Collected to a point or center ; fixed on 

O'ENTR-ED, 5 a central point. 

JENTER-ING, n. In architecture, the temporary frame on 
which an arch is supported during its construction. — 
Brande. 

CENTER-ING, \ppr. Placing on the center; collecting to 

CENTRING, J a point. 

CEN-TES'I-MAL, a. [L. centesimus.] The hundredth. As a 
noun, the next step of progression after decimal in the 
arithmatic of fractions. 

CEN-TES-1-Ma.TION, n. A military punishment for deser- 
tion, mutiny, or the like, where one person in a hundred 
is selected for execution. 
\ CENTESM, n. [L. centesimus.] The hundredth part of an 

integer or thing. 
CEN-TI-CIP'O -OUS, a. Having a hundred heads. 
CEN-TIF'I-DOUS, a. Divided into a hundred parts. 
CEN-TI-Fo'LI OUS, a. [L. centum and folium.] Having a 

hundred leases. 
CENTI-GRADE, a. [L. centum and gradus.] Having a hun- 
dred degrees. — Centigrade thermometer, a thermometer 
having the distance between the freezing and boiling 
points of water divided into 100 degrees. 
CEN'TI-GRAMME, n. [L. centum and gramme.] In French 

measure, the hundredth part of a gramme. 
CEN-TIL'I-TER, \ n. [L. centum, and Fr. litre, or litron.] 
CEN'TI-Ll-TRE, S The hundredth part of a litre. 
CEN-TIL'O-QUY, n. A hundred-fold discourse.— Burton. 



CEN-Ti'ME' (san-teem'), n. [Fr.] The hundredth pari ol a 
franc. 

CEN-TIM'E-TER, )n. [L. centum, and Gr. uerpov.] In 

CEN'TI-ME-TRE, 5 French measure, the hundredth part 
of a metre. 

t CEN-TIN'O-DY, n. Knotgrass. 

CENTI-PED, n. [L. centipeda.] A term applied to insecta 
having a great number of feet. 

CENTI-PEE, for centiped, is not used. 

CENTNER, n. [L. centum, centenarius.] In metallurgy and 
assaying, a weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and 
then into smaller ones. 

CENTO, 71. [L.] A composition formed by verses or pas- 
sages from difl'erent authors, disposed in a new order. 

CENTRAL, a. [L. centralis.] Relating to the center ; placed 
in the center or middle ; containing the center, or pertain- 
ing to the parts near the center. — Central forces, in me- 
chanics, the two antagonist forces (the centripetal and 
centrifugal) by whose united action bodies are caused to 
revolve round a central point. 

CEN-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being central 

CEN-TRAL-1-Za'TION, «. Act of centralizing. 

CENTRAL-lZE, v. t. To draw to a central point; to bring 
to a center. 

CENTRAL-LY, adv. With regard to the center ; ^n a cen 
tral manner. 

CEN'TRE. See Centek. 

CENTRIC, a. Placed in the center or middle. 

CENTRIC-AL-LY, adv. In a central position. 

CENTRIC-AL-NESS, n. Situation in the center. 

CEN-TRIF'U-GAL, a. [L. centrum and fugio.] Tending to 
recede from the center. — The centrifugal force of a body 
is that force by which all bodies moving round another 
body in a curve tend to fly off from the axis of their mo- 
tion. — 2. In botany, expanding first at the summit, and 
later at the base, like a flower. 

CEN-TRlP'E-TAL, a. [L. centrum and peto.] Tending to- 
ward the center. — Centripetal force is that force which 
draws or impels a body toward some point as a center. — 
2. In botany, expanding first at the base, and afterward at 
the summit, as a flower. 

CEN-TUM'VIR, n. ; pi. Centum'viki. [L. centum and vir.] 
A name given to certain judges selected in ancient Rome, 
by the praetor, to decide common causes among the peo- 
ple. At first three were taken for each tribe, making 105, 
though, for the sake of the round number, they were called 
Centumviri. The number was afterward increased to 180 
but without a change of their name. — Smith's Diet. 

CEN-TUM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the centumviri. 

CENTUM' VI-RATE, n. The office of a centum vir. 

CENTU-PLE, a. [Fr.] A hundred fold. 

CENTU-PLE, v. t. To multiply a hundred fold. 

CEN-Tu'PLI-CaTE, v. t. [L. centum and plicatus.] To makf 
a hundred fold. 

CEN-Tu'RI-AL, a. Relating to a century, or a hundred 
years. — J. Woodbridge. 

CEN-Tu'RI-aTE, v. t. [L. centurio.] To divide into hun 
dreds. 

CEN-TuHI-I-TOR, I n. [Fr. centuriateur.] An historian 

CENTU-RIST, 5 who distinguishes time into centu- 
ries. 

CENTu'RI-ON, n. [L. centurio.] Among the Romans, a 
military officer who commanded a hundred men. 

CENTU-RY (senfyu-re), n. [L. centuria.] 1. In a general 
sense, a hundred. 2. A division of the Roman people ; a 
company consisting of a hundred men. 3. A period of a 
hundred years. 

CEOL. [Sax. a ship ; L. celox, or Eng. keel] This word ia 
sometimes found prefixed to names. 

CEPH-AL-AL'<HC, a. Relating to headache. 

CEPH'AL-AL-<3Y, n. [Gr. KE<pa\n\yia.] The headache. 

CE-PHAI/IC, a. [Gr. K£(pa\iKoS.] Pertaining to tbe head. 

CE-PHALTG, n. A medicine for headache or other disor- 
der in the head. 

CEPH'AL-O-EX-TRACT'OR, n. An instrument to extract 
a fetus by clasping the head. — Casanova. 

CEPH'AL-O-POD, n. [Gr. K e<pa\rj, head, and rroda, the feet.] 
In natural history, an animal belonging to one of the di- 
visions of the mollusca, characterized by a distinct head, 
surrounded by a circle of long arms, by which it crawls 
and seizes objects. The cuttle-fish is one of these animals. 

CEPH-A-LO-POD'I€, )a. Pertaining to the cephalopodous 

CEPH-A-LOP'O-DOUS, $ mollusca, e. g., the cuttle-fish. 

CE-PHe'US, n. A constellation in the northern hemisphere. 

Ce'PHUS, n. A water fowl of the duck kind ; also, a spe- 
cies of monkey, the mona. 

CE-Ra'CEOUS (se-ra'shus), a. Wax-like; partaking of the 
nature of wax. 

CER'A-SIN, n. [L. cerasus.] Any gummy substance which 
swells in cold water, but does not readily dissolve in it 

CER'A-SlTE, n. [L. cerasum.] 1. A potrifaction resembling 
ti cherry. 2. The native muriate of lead, a rare mineral 
found in Somersetshire, England. — Dana. 



* Sm Synopsis. 1, t , I, &c, long.— X, ft, T, &c, short— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— M5 VE. BOOK 



CER 



159 



CES 



CE-.RAS TeS, n. [Gr. KspaoTys .] In zoology, a genus of pois- 
onous African serpents with small horns. — Brande. 

Ce'RATE, n. [L. ceratum.] A thick kind of ointment, com- 
posed of wax and oil, with other ingredients. 

CE'Ra-TED, a. [L. ceratus.] Covered with wax. 

CER'A-TRIN, \i. The bitter principle in Iceland moss 

CER'BE-RUS, n. [L.] In mythology, a monster in the form 
of a dog, who guarded the entrance to the infernal re- 
gions, and was represented by different ancient writers 
as having three, fifty, and even a hundred heads. 

CERE, n. "The naked skin that covers the base of the bill in 
some birds, as in those of the hawk tribe. 

CERE, v. t. [L. cera.] To wax, or cover with wax. 

CeHE-AL, a. [from Ceres.] Pertaining to edible grain, as 
wheat, rye, &c— Humboldt 

CE-RE- I'LI-A, n. pi. A technical term for the edible grains. 

t CE-RE- A'Ll-OUS, a. Perttdoing to corn.— Sir T. Brown. 

CER-E-BEL'LUM, n. [L. cerebellum.] The hinder and low- 
er part of the brain, or the little brain. 

CER'E-BRAL, ) a. [L. cerebrum, the brain.] Pertaining to 

CER'E-BRlNE, J the cerebrum, or brain. 

CER'E-BRUM, n. [L.] The front and larger part of the 
brain. 

CeRE'-GLOTH, n. [L. cera, and cloth.] A cloth smeared 
with melted wax, or with some glutinous matter. 

CER.ED (seerd), pp. Spread over with melted wax. 

CERE'MENT, n. [L. cera.] Cloths dipped in melted wax, 
with which dead bodies were infolded when embalmed. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-AL, a. 1. Relating to ceremony, or external 
rite; ritual. 2. Formal; observant of old forms. — Dryden. 
[In this latter sense, ceremonious is now used.] 

CER-E-Mo'NI-AL, n. 1. Outward form ; a system of rules 
and ceremonies, enjoined bylaw or established by custom, 
whether in religious worship, in social intercourse, or in 
the courts of princes. 2. The book containing the rules 
prescribed to be observed on solemn occasions. ; 

CER-E-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. In a ceremonial or formal man- 
ner. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-AL-NESS, n. Ceremonial. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Consisting of outward forms and 
rites. [In this sense, ceremonial is now used.] 2. Full of 
ceremony, or solemn forms. 3. According to the rules 
and forms prescribed or customary ; civil ; formally re- 
spectful. 4. Formal ; according to the rules of civility 
5. Formal ; exact ; precise ; too observant of forms. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. In a ceremonious manner 
formally ; with due forms. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. The use of customary forms : 
the practice of too much ceremony ; great formality in 
manners. 

CER'E-MO-NY, n. [L., Sp., It, Port, ceremonia.] 1. Outward 
rite ; external form in religion. 2. Forms of civility j 
rules established by custom for regulating social inf^r- 
course. 3. The forms established for the purpose of 
civility or magnificence, as in levees of princes, the recep- 
tion of embassadors, &c. — Master of ceremonies, an officer 
who regulates the forms to be observed by the company 
or attendants on a public occasion. 

Cfi'RE-O-LlTE, n. [L. cera, and Gr. XtOos.] A substance 
which in appearance and softness resembles wax ; some- 
times confounded with steatite. 

CE'RE-OUS, a. [L. cereus.] Waxen ; like wax. — Gayton. 

CeTR.eS, n. [L.] 1. In mythology, the inventor ft goddess 
of corn, or, rather, the name of corn deified. 2. One of 
the asteroids. It was discovered by M. Piozzi, in 1801. 

Ce'RIN, n. [L. cera.] 1. A peculiar waxy substance ob- 
tained from grated cork when boiled in alcohol. 2. The 
part of common wax which dissolves in alcohoL 3. A 
variety of the mineral allanite. 

CE-RIN'THI-ANS, n. pi. The earliest branch of the Gnostic 
sect of heretics, so called from Cerinthus. 

CE'RlTE, n. [See Cerium.] The silicious oxyd of cerium, 
a rare mineral, of a pale rose-red color, with a tinge of 
yellow. 
Ce'RI-UM, n. [from Ceres.] A metal discovered in Sweden, 
in the mineral cerite. 

CER'NU-OUS, a. [L. cernuus.] hi botany, having the top 
curved downward. 

CE-RO-GRAPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to cerography. 
CE-ROG'RA-PHIST, n. One who is versed in or who prac- 
tices cerography. 
CE-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [L, cera, and Gr. ypacpu).] 1. A writ- 
ing on wax. 2. The rat of engraving on wax, gpi ead. 
on a sheet of copper, from which a stereotype plate is 
taken. 
CE-Ro'MA, n. In ancient architecture, that port of the an- 
cient baths and gymnasia in which bathers and wrestlers 
used to anoint themselves with a composition of oil and 
wax. 
CER'O-MAN-CY, n. Divination by dropping melted wax in 

water. 
GE-ROON', n. [from the Spanish.] A bale or package made 
of skins. 



CE-RO-PLASTIC, n. In sculpture, the art of modeling or 
of forming models hi wax. — Elmes. 

CE'ROTE, n. The same with cerate. 

CER'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the cerris, or bitter oak. 

CER'RIS, n. [L.] The bitter oak. 

CERTAIN (ser'tin), a. (Fr. certain.] 1. That can not be de- 
nied; existing in fact and truth. 2. Assured in mind; 
having no doubts; followed by of, before a noun. 3. Un- 
failing; always producing the intended effect. 4. Not 
doubtful or casual ; really existing ; as, the reward is cer- 
tain. 5. Established and settled; as, to perform a cer- 
tain task daily. 6. Particular ; as, " a certain creditor has 
two debtors." — Syn. Sure ; true ; undeniable ; unques- 
tionable ; undoubted ; plain ; indubitable, indisputable, in- 
controvertible ; competent ; unhesitating ; undoubting ; 
regular ; constant ; fixed ; stated ; determinate. 

t CERTAIN, n. Quantity; part.— Chaucer. 

CER'TAIN-LY, adv. 1. Without doubt or question ; in 
truth and fact. 2. Without failure. 

CERTAIN-NESS, n. Certainty, wVfieh see. 

CER'TAIN-TY (ser'tin-te), n. 1. A fixed or real state ; truth , 
fact. 2. Full assurance of mind ; exemption from doubt 
3. Exemption from failure ; as, the certainty of an event 
or of the success of a medicine. 4. Regularity ; settled 
state. 

t CER'TES, adv. Certainly ; in truth ; verily.— Chaucer. 

CER-TIF'I-CATE, n. [Fr. certificat.] 1. A written testimony 
not sworn to ; a declaration in writing, signed by the party, 
and intended to verify a fact. 2. A written declaration, 
under the hand or seal, or both, of some public officer, tc 
be used as evidence in a court, or to substantiate a fact 

CER-TIF'I-CaTE, v. t. or i. 1. To give a certificate; to 
lodge a certificate with the proper officer, for the purpose 
of being exempted from the payment of taxes. — New Eng- 
land. 2. To give a certificate to, acknowledging one to be 
a parishioner. — Blackstone. 3. To verify by certificate. 

CER-TIF'I-CI-TED, pp. Declared ; verified by a certificate. 

CER-TIF'I-Ca-TING, pp>\ Furnishing with a certificate; 
verifying by a certificate. 

CER-TI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of certifying. 

CERTI-FIjED, pp. or a. Testified to in writing; assured, 
made certain ; informed. 

CER'TI-Fl-ER, n. One who certifies, or assures. 

CERTI-Fr, v. t. [Fr. certifier.] 1. To testify to in writing; 
to make a declaration in writing, under hand, or hand and 
seal ; to make known or establish a fact. 2. To give cer- 
tain information to. 3. To give certain information of. 

CERTI-FY-ING.^pr. Giving a written testimony, or certif- 
, icate ; giving certain notice ; making certainly known. 

CER-TIO-Ra'Ri, n. [Low L. certioror.] A writ issuing out 
of chancery, or other superior court, to call up the records 
of an inferior court or remove a cause there depending. 

CER'TI-TL/DE, n. [Low L. certitudo.] Certainty; assurance; 
freedom from doubt. — Dryden. 

t CERULE, a. [L. caruleus.] Blue.— Dyer. 

CE-RO'LE-AN, * rT 7 . „, , , ,. 

CE-Ru'LE-OUS s a " >■ Cecru ^ ens -1 Sky-colored ; blue. 

CER-U-LlF'IC, 'a. Producing a blue, or sky-color. 

CER'U-LIN, n. Indigo dissolved in sulphuric acid ; used in 
dying Saxon blue. 

CE-Ru'MEN, n. [L. cera.] The wax or yellow matter se- 
creted by the ear. 

Ce'RUSE, n. [Fr. ceruse.] White-lead ; a carbonate of 
lead, produced by exposing the metal in thin plates to the 
vapor of vinegar. 

Ce RuSED (se'rust), a. Washed with a preparation of 
white-lead. 

CEE/VI-CAL, a. [L. cervicalis.] Belonging to the neck. ♦ 

CER'VINE, a. [L. cervinus.] Pertaining to the deer, or to 
animals of the genus cervus. 

CE-SA'RE-AN, a. The Cesarean operation is the taking of 
a child from the womb by cutting ; an operation which is 
said to have brought Julius Cesar into the world. 

CES-PI-Tl"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. [L. cespes.] Pertaining to 
turf; made of turf. — Gough. 

CES'PI-ToSE, a. [L. cespes.] In botany, growing in tufts. 

CES'PI-TOUS, a. Pertaining to turf; turfy. 

t CESS, as a noun, a rate or tax, and as a verb, to rate or lay 
a tax, is, probably, a corruption of assess, or from the 
same root. — Spenser. 

CESS, \ Out of all cesse (sans cesse), is out of all stay ; ex- 

CESSE, $ cessively.— Shah. 

tCESS, v. i. [L. cesso.] 1. To cease.— Spenser ; iobs.l 2. 
To neglect a legal duty. 

tCESS, v. t. To rate.— Spenser. 

CESS'-POOL, n. A cavity sunk in the earth to receive and 
retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains. 

CESS'ANT, a. Ceasing ; intermitting action.— Montague. 

CES-Sl'TION, n. [L. cessatio.] A ceasing or suspension of 
the operation, force, or effect of any thing. — Cessation of 
arms, a truce. — Syn. Stop; rest; stay; pause; discon 
tinuance ; intermission ; interval ; respite ; interruption , 
recess ; remission. 



D6 VE ;• -ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 1 1 Obsolete. 



CHA 



160 



CHA 



CESSAVIT, n. [L.] In law, a writ given by statute, to re- 
cover lands, when the tenant or occupier has ceased for 
two years to perform the service, which constitutes the 
condition of his tenure. 

CES'SER, n. A ceasing ; a neglect to perform services or 
payment for two years. — Blackstone. 

CES-SI-BIL'1-TY, n. The act of giving way, or receding. 
— Digby. [Little used.] 

CES'SI-BLE, a. Giving way ; yielding ; easy to give way. 

CES'SION (sesh'un), n. [L. cessio.] 1. The act of giving 
way ; a yielding to force or impulse. 2. A yielding, or 
surrender, as of property, or rights, to another person. — 3. 
In the civil law, a voluntary surrender of a person's effects 
to his creditors, to avoid imprisonment. — 4. In ecclesiasti- 
cal law, the leaving of a benefice without dispensation, or 
being otherwise qualified. — Syn. Transfer ; conveyance. 

CES'SION-A-RY, a. Having surrendered etfects. 

f CESS'MENT, n. An assessment or tax. 

CES'SOR, n. [L. cesso.] 1. In law, he that neglects, for two 
years, to perform the service by which he holds lands, so 
that he incurs the danger of the writ of cessavit. 2. An 
assessor or taxer. 

CEST, n. A lady's girdle.— Collins. 

CEST'US, n. [L.] The girdle of Venus, or marriage-girdle, 
among the Greeks and Romans. 

CE-StJ'RA or CE-SfJ'RA, n. [L. casura.] A pause in verse, 
so introduced as to aid the recital, and render the versi- 
fication more melodious. It divides a verse or line into 
equal or unequal parts. 

CE-SU'RAL, a. Pertaining to the cesura. 

CE-Ta'CE-A, n. pi. ) In natural history, terms applied to the 

CE-Ta'CEAN, n. 5 order of cetaceous animals ; marine 
mammalia. — Bell. 

CE-Ta'CEOUS (se-ta'shus), a. [L. cete.] Pertaining to the 
cetacea ; belonging to the whale kind. 

Ce'TATE, n. A compound of cetic acid with a base. 

CETE-RACH, n. A name of a species of asplenium. 

Ce'TIG, a. [L. cetas.] Pertaining to the whale. 

CE'TIN, n. [L. cetus.] A name given to pure spermaceti. 

CET-0-L061C-AL, a. Pertaining to cetology. 

CE-TOL'O-GIST, n. One who is versed in the natural his- 
tory of the whale and its kindred animals. 

CE-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ktjtos and Aoyoj.] The doctrine or 
natural history of cetaceous animals. 

Ce'TUS, n. [L.] In astronomy, the whale, a large constel- 
lation of the southern hemisphere. 

CEY'LAN-lTE, n. [from Ceylon.] A dingy blue, or grayish- 
black variety of spinel, also called pleonaste. 

CHAB'A-SlE, ^[Gr. xag^tos-] A mineral classed with 

CHABA-SlTE, 3 the zeolites, occurring usually in oblique 
glassy crystals. It is either colorless, or tinged with red 
or a shade of yellow. It is composed chiefly of silica, 
alumina, and lime, 

CHICE. See Chase. 

CHA-COON', n. [Sp. chacona.} A dance like a saraband. 

CHAD (shad), n. A kind of fish ; the shad. — Carew. 

CHaFE, v. t. [Fr. eckaufer.] 1. To excite heat or inflam- 
mation by friction ; also, to fret and wear by rubbing. 2. 
To excite heat in the mind ; to make angry ; to cause to 
fret. 3. To excite violent action ; as, the wind chafes the 
ocean. 4. To perfume ; to excite by pungent odors ; 
[rare.] — Syn. To rub ; fret ; gall ; vex ; provoke ; inflame. 

CHaFE, v. i. 1. To be excited or heated ; to rage ; to fret ; 
to be in violent action. 2. To act violently upon, by rub- 
bing ; to fret against, as waves against a shore. 3. To be 
fretted and worn by rubbing. 

CHaFE, n. 1. Heat excited by friction. 2. Violent agita- 
tion of the mind or passions ; heat ; fret ; passion. 

CHaFE'-WAX, n. In England, an officer belonging to the 
lord chancellor, who fits the wax for the sealing of writs. 

CHIF.ED (chaft), pp. or a. Heated or fretted by rubbing ; 
worn by friction. 

CHIF'ER, n. One who chafes. 

CHIF'ER, n. [Sax. ceafor.] A buzzing insect, a species of 
scarabczus, or beetle. 

CHIF'ER-Y, n. In iron works, a forge where the metal is 
subjected to a welding heat. 

CHAFF, n. [Sax. ceaf.] 1. The husk, or dry calyx of corn 
and grasses. 2. Refuse ; worthless matter ; especially 
that which is light, and apt to be driven by the wind. 

CHIFF'-CUT'TER, n. A machine for cutting up chaff. 

CHIFF'-WEED, n. A plant ; cud-weed. 

CHAF'FER, v. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To treat about a purchase ; 
to bargain ; to haggle ; to negotiate ; to chop and change. 

f CHAF'FER. v. t. To buy ; to exchange.— Spenser. 

t CHAF'FER, n. Merchandise.— Skelton. 

CHAF'FER-ER, n. One who chaffers ; a bargainer ; a 
buyer. 

CHAF'FER-ING, ppr. or a. Bargaining ; buying. 

CHAF'FERN, n. A vessel for heating water. [Local] 

t CHAF'FER- Y, n. Traffic ; buying and selling. 

CHAF'FINCH, n. A species of bird belonging to the frin- 
gillida, or finch family. 



CHIFF'LESS, a. Without chaff— Shah 

CHIFF'Y, a. Like chaff; full of chaft"; fight. 

CHaF'ING, ppr. Warming or fretting by friction; vexing 

or fretting the mind. 
CH IF'IN G, n. The act of rubbing or fretting ; state of being 

chafed. 
CHIFTNG-DISH, ti. A dish or vessel to hold coals fo; 

heating any thing set on it ; a portable grate for coals. 

* CHA-GRLN' (sha-grin'), n. [Fr.] Ill-humor, resulting oidi 

narily from disappointment. — Syn. Vexation ; mortifica 
_tion; peevishness; fretfulness; disgust; disquiet. 

* cHA-GRIN', v. t. [Fr. chagriner.] To excite ill-humor in 

to vex ; to mortify. 

* cHA-GRIN'£D (sha-grind 7 ), pp. Vexed ; fretted ; dis> 



CHUN, n. [Fr. chaine.] 1. A series of links or rings con 
nected, or fitted into one another. 2. That which binds ; 
that which restrains, confines, or fetters; a bond. 3. 
Bondage ; affliction. 4. Bondage ; slavery. 5. Ornament 

6. A series of things linked together, or following in suc- 
cession. 7. A range, or line of things connected. 8. A 
series of links, forming an instrument to measure land, 
four rods, or 66 feet long, and containing 100 links. 9. A 
string of twisted wire, or something similar, to hang a 
watch on ; and also for other purposes. 10. In France, a 
measure of wood for fuel, and various commodities, of 
various length. — 11. In ship-building, chains are strong 
links or plates of iron, bolted at the lower end to the ship's 
side. — 12. The warp in weaving, as in French. 

CHaIN, v. t. 1. To fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; 
to fasten or bind with any thing in the manner of a chain. 
2. To enslave ; to keep in slavery. 3. To guard with a 
chain, as a harbor or passage. 4. To unite; to form 
chain-work. 

CHaIN'-PUMP, n. A pump consisting of a long chain equip- 
ped with a sufficient number of valves or buckets, moving 
on two wheels, one above, the other below, passing down- 
ward through a wooden tube, and returning through an- 
other. 

CHaIN'-SHOT, n. Two balls connected by a chain, and 
used to cut down masts, or cut away shrouds and rigging. 
—Chain-wales of a ship. See Channel. 

CHaLN'-WORK, n. Work consisting of threads, cords, and 
the like, linked together in the form of a chain. 

CHaIN^ED, pp. or a. Made fast, or bound by a chain ; con- 
nected by a chain ; bound ; enslaved. 

CHIIN'ING, ppr. Binding; fastening, or connecting with a 
chain ; binding, or attaching to ; enslaving. 

CHaIN'LESS, a. Having no chains. 

CHaIR, n. [Fr. chaire.] 1. A movable seat ; a frame will, 
a bottom, made of different materials, used for persons tt. 
sit in ; originally, a stool. 2. A seat of justice or of au- 
thority. 3. A seat for a professor, and hence his office. 
4. The seat for a speaker or presiding officer of a public 
council or assembly ; as, the speaker's chair. 5. A sedan ; 
a vehicle on poles, borne by men. 6. A pulpit; [rare.] 

7. A two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse ; a gig. 

8. Supreme office or magistracy. — Belknap. 9. The iron 
blocks which support the rails of a rail-road. — Curule 
chair, an ivory seat placed on a car, used by the prime 
magistrates of Rome. — Chair day and chair are used by 
Shakspeare for the evening of life ; as, in thy chair days 
thus to die ; to bring thy father to his drooping chair. — 
Toone. 

CHaIR, v. t. To carry publicly in a chair, in triumph ; ap- 
plied to a candidate for office who has gained his election 
[Eng.] 

CHIIR.ED, pp. or a. Carried, or seated in a chair. 

CHIIR'ING, ppr. and n. Carrying a successful candidate 
for office in a chair in token of triumph. [Eng.] 

CHAIRMAN, n. 1. The presiding officer of an assembly; 
also, the president or senior member of a committee. *. 
The porter of a sedan chair. 

CHIIR'MAN-SHLP, n. The office of a chairman or presid 
ing officer of a meeting. — Parriana. 

CHIISE (shaze), n. [Fr. chaise.] A two-wheeled carriage, 
drawn by one horse ; a gig. It is open or covered. 

€HA-LI'ZA, n. [Gr.] In botany, a small brown spot upon 
the testa of a seed ; a part of a seed, springing from an ex 
pansion of the raphe. — Lindley. 

€HAL-CE-DON'I€, a. Pertaining to chalcedony. 

^HAL-CED'O-NY or €HAL'CE-DO-NY, n. [from Chalcedon.] 
An uncrystallized translucent variety of quartz, having a 
whitish color, and a lustre nearly like wax. 

CHAL-CED'O-NYX, n. A variety of agate. 

CHAL'ClTE, n. [Gr. xaA/coj.] Sulphate of iron, of a red 
color, so far calcined as to have lost much of its acid. 

€HAL-€OG'RA-PHER, n. An engraver on copper or 

CHAL-COG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. X a**os and ypatyu ] The act 

or art of engraving on copper or brass. 
■GHAL-DaIC, a. Pertaining to Ctaldea. 
€HAL-Da'I€, n. The language or dialect ot the Chaldeans 



See. Synopsis. 1, £, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M'WE, BOOK 



CHA 



161 



CHA 



€ flAL'DA-ISM, n. An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee 

dialect._ 
OHAL-De'AN, n. An inhabitant of Chaldea. 
CHAL'DEE. a. Pertaining to Chaldea. 
CHAL'DEE, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans. 

* CHAL'DRON, } n. [Fr. chaudron.] A measure of coals, 
't CHAL'DER, > consisting of 36 bushels. Pronounced 
CHAU'DRON, ) in England chawl'dron or cha'dron. 
*CHAL'iCE, n. [Fr. calicc] A cup or bowl; usually, a 

communion cup. 

* CHAL'lOED (chal'ist), a. Having a cell or cup, as a 
flower. 

CHALK (chawk), n. [Sax. cealc] A well-known calcare- 
ous earth, or carbonate of lime, of an opaque-white color, 
soft, and admitting no polish. — Black-chalk is a species of 
earth used by painters for drawing on blue paper. — Red- 
chalk is an indurated clayey ochre, used by painters and 
artificers. — French-chalk is steatite, or soap-stone, a soft 
magnesian mineral. 

CHALK, v. t. 1. To rub with chalk ; to mark with chalk. 

2. To manure with chalk, as land. 3. From the use of 
chalk in marking lines, the phrase to chalk out is used to 
signify to lay out ; as, to chalk out a course ; [inelegant.] 

CHALK'-CUT-TER, n. A man that digs chalk. 

CHALK-PIT, n. A pit in which chalk is dug. 

CH4.LK-ST0NE, n. 1. In medicine, 1 calcareous concretion 
in the hands and feet of men violently affected by the 
gout, once supposed to be of a chalky nature. 2. A small 
lump of chalk. 

CHALKED (chawkt), pp. Marked with chalk. 

CHALKI-NESS (chawk'e-nes), n. The state of being 
chalky. 

CHALKING, ppr. Marking with chalk. 

CHALKY (chawk'y), a. 1. Resembling chalk. 2. Consist- 
ing of, or impregnated with chalk. 

CHAL'LEN6E, n. [Norm. calenge.~\ 1. A calling upon one 
to fight in single combat; an invitation or summons to de- 
cide a controversy by a duel ; hence, the letter containing 
the summons is called a challenge. 2. An invitation to a 
contest of any kind ; as, a challenge to a public debate. 3. 
The act of a sentry, who challenges those who approach 
his post. 4. A claim or demand made of a right or sup- 
posed right. — 5. Among hunters, the opening and crying 
of hounds at first finding the scent of their game. — 6. In 
law, an exception to jurors ; the claim of a party that cer- 
tain jurors shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause. — 7. In 
elections, an exception to a person, as not legally qualified 
to vote ; [United States.] 

CHAL'LEN&E, v. t. 1. To call, invite, or summon to an- 
swer for an offense by single combat, or duel. 2. To call 
to a contest of any kind ; as, to challenge to public de- 
bate. 3. To accuse ; to call to answer. 4. To claim as 
due ; to demand as a right. — 5. In law, to call off a juror, 
or jurors ; or to demand that jurors shall not sit in trial 
upon a cause. — 6. In elections, to object to a person, as 
not qualified to vote; [United States.] 7. To call to the 
performance of conditions. 

CHAL'LENGE-A-BLE, a. That may be challenged; that 
may be called to account. 

CHAL'LENGED, pp. or a. Called to combat or to contest ; 
claimed ; demanded as due ; objected to, as a juror or 
voter. 

CHAL'LENG-ER, n. One who challenges ; one who invites 
to a single combat ; one who claims superiority ; one 
who objects to a juror or voter. 

CHAL'LEN6-ING, ppr. Summoning to a duel, or to con- 
test ; claiming as a right ; defying ; objecting to a juror or 
voter. 

CHAL'LIS (shally), n. An elegant twilled, fine woolen 
fabric, used for ladies' dresses. 

€HA-LYB'E-AN, a. Pertaining to steel well tempered. 

CHA-LYB'E-ATE, a. [L. chalybs.] Impregnated with par- 
ticles of iron. 

CHA-LYB'E-ATE, n. Any water or other liquor into which 
iron enters. 

CHAM (kam), n. The sovereign prince of Tartary. Usual- 
ly written khan. 

lHA-MaDE', n. [Fr.] In war, the beat of a drum, or sound 
of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley. 

CHaM'BER, n. [Fr. chambre.] 1. An apartment in an up- 
per story, or in a story above the lower floor of a dwell- 
ing-house ; often used as a lodging-room. 2. Any retired 
room; any private apartment; as, the judge's chamber. 

3. Any retired place : as, the chambers of dgath. 4. A hol- 
low or cavity; as, the chamber of the ear. — Shah. 5. A 
place where an assembly meets, and the assembly itself; 
applied particularly to judicial and legislative bodies ; as, 
the Chamber of Peers. — 6. In military affairs, the chamber 
of a mortar is that part of the bore where the powder 
lies. — 7. A powder-chamber, or boirio-chamber, a place un- 
der ground for holding powder and bombs, where they 
may be safe and secured from rains. 8. The chamber of a 
mine, a place, generally of a cubical form, where the pow- 



der is confined. 9. A species of ordnance. 10. The clouds 
Ps. civ. ] 1. Certain southern constellations which are 
hid from us. — Job, ix. 

CHaM'BER, v. i. 1. To reside in or occupy as a chamber. 
2. To be wanton ; to indulge in lewd or immodest be 
havior. 

CHaM'BER, v. t. To shut up as in a chamber. — Shak. 

CHaM'BER-COUN'CIL, n. A private or secret council.- 
Shak. 

CHaM'BER-COUN'SEL. n. A counselor who gives his opin- 
ion in a private apartment, but does not advocate causes 
in court. 

CHaM'BER-FEL'LoW, n. One who sleeps in the sam« 
apartment. — Spectator. 

CHaM'BER-HANG'ING, n. Tapestry or hangings for t 
chamber. 

CHaM'BER-LyE, n. Urine. 

CHaM'BER-MaID, n. A woman who has the care of chain 
bers, making the beds, and cleaning the rooms, &c. 

CHaM'BER OF COM'MERCE. A board for the protection 
of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and trad- 
ers of a city. 

CHaM'BER-POT, n. A vessel used in bed-rooms. 

CHaM'BER-PRAC'TiCE, n. The practice of counselors at 
law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear 
in court. 

CHaM'BER- WINDOW, n. The window of a chamber. 

CHaM'BER^D, pp. or a. 1. Shut up as in a chamber. 
Shak. — 2. a. In conclwlogy, divided into compartments by 
walls or partitions ; as, a chambered shell. — Buckland. 

CHaM'BER-ER, n. One who intrigues, or indulges in wan- 
tonness. 

CHIM'BER-ING, n. Wanton, lewd, immodest behavioi. 

CHIM'BER-LAIN (-lin), n, [Fr. chambellan.] 1. An officer 
charged with the direction and management of the pri- 
vate apartments of a monarch or noble. He was origi- 
nally keeper of the treasure chamber, and hence, in some 
municipal corporations, the term denotes treasurer. The 
Lord Chamberlain of Great Britain is the sixth officer of 
the crown. 2. A servant who has the care of the cham- 
bers in an inn or hotel. 

CHiM'BER-LAIN-SHIP, n. The office of a chamberlain. 

t CHAM'BLET, v. t. To vary ; to variegate. 

CHAM'BREL, n. The joint or bending of the upper part ot 
a horse's hind leg. In New England, pronounced gain- 
brel, which see. 

€HA-M£'LE-ON, n. [L. chameeleon.] An ^Rimal allied to the 
lizard, with a naked body, a tail, and four feet It is dis 
tinguished for its sudden and great changes of cc 

€HA-ME'LE-ON-lZE, v. t. To change into varic 

CHAM'FER, v. t. 1. To channel ; to cut a furr«^K in 
column, or to cut into a sloping form, or bevwlP2. To 
wrinkle. — Shak. 

CHAM'FER, \n. LA small gutter or furrow cut in wood 

CHAM'FRET, > or other hard material. 2. A slope or bevel. 

CHAMTER.ED, pp. or a. Cut into furrows, or cut sloping 
or beveling. 

CHAM'FER-ING, ppr. Cutting a gutter in ; cutting in a slope 
or bevel. 

CHAM'lTE, 7i. Fossil remains of the chama, a shell. 

CHAM'LET. See Camlet. 

* CHAM'OIS (sham'me or sha-mof), n. [Fr.] An animal of 
the goat kind, whose skin is made into soft leather, called 
chamois, or chamois leather. 

CHAM'O-MlLE, n. A bitter plant much used in medicine. 
CHAMP, v. t. [Fr. champayer.] 1. To bite with repeated 

action of the teeth. 2. To bite into small pieces ; to chew ; 

to masticate ; to devour. 
CHAMP, v. i. To chew ; to perform the action of biting by 

repeated motion of the teeth. 
CHAMP DE MaRS (shang-de-maxz) L Fr.] Literally, the 

field of Mars ; an extensive, open space in Paris, used for 

military reviews and public assemblies. 
5HAM-PaGNE' (sham-pane'), n. A kind of brisk, sparkling 

wine, from Champagne, in France. 

* CHAM-PA.IGN', n. A flat, open country.— Milton. 
CHAM-PIIGN' (sham-pane'), a. Level, open ; as, a cham 

paign country. 

CHAM-PIIN', n. In heraldry, champain, or point champain 
is a mark of dishonor in the coat of arms of him who ha* 
killed a prisoner of war after he has asked for quarter. 

CHAMPED (champt), .pp. Bitten; chewed. 

CHAMP'ER, n. One who champs or bites. 

CHAM'PER-TOR, n. In law, one who is guilty of cham 
perty. 

CHAM'PER-TY, n. [Fr. champart.] A bargain with a plain 
tiff or defendant to divide the land, or other matter in sui 
between them, if they prevail ; whereupon the champer 
tor is to carry on the party's suit at his ctvn expense. 

CHAM-PIGN'ON (sham-pin'yon), n. [Fr.j A kind of edibk 
mushroom 

CHAMPING, ppr. Biting with repeated action. 

CHAMTI-ON, re. [Fr. champion.] 1. A man who under 



as J ; S as Z ; JH as SH ; TH as in this. ] O^solcU 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNI 



TE ;— AN"GER, Vi"C!OUS.— G as 
L 



CHA 



162 



CHA 



takes a combat in the place or cause of another. 2. A 
man wh© fights in his own cause in a duel. 3. A hero ; a 
brave warrior. Hence, one who is bold in contest. 

CHAM'PI-ON, v. t. To challenge to a combat 

CHAMTI-ON.ED, pp. Challenged to combat. 

CHAM'PI-ON-ESS, n. A female champion. 

CHAM'PI-ON-ING, ppr. Challenging to combat. 

CHAM'PI-ON-SHIP, n. State of being a champion.— N. A. 
Rev. 

CHAM-PoL'LION-IST, n. A follower of Champollion the 
Younger in respect to Egyptian hieroglyphics. 

CHANCE, n. [Fr. chance.] 1. An event that happens, falls 
out, or takes place without being contrived, intended, ex- 
pected, or foreseen ; the effect of an unknown cause ; ac- 
cident; casualty ; fortuitous event. 2. Fortune; what for- 
tune may bring. 3. An event good or evil; success or 
misfortune ; luck. 4. Possibility of an occurrence ; oppor- 
tunity. 

CHANCE, v. i. To happen ; to fall out ; to come or arrive 
without design, or expectation. 

CHANCE, a. Happening by chance ; casual. 

CHANCE-C6M-ER, n. One who comes unexpectedly. 

CHaNCE'-MED'LEY, n. In law, the killing of another in 
self-defense, upon a sudden and unpremeditated encoun- 
ter. The term has sometimes been applied to any kind of 
homicide by misadventure, but is strictly applicable only 
to killing in self-defense. — Bouvier. 

CHiNCE'A-BLE, a. Accidental; casual; fortuitous. 

CHXNCEA-BLY, adv. Casually ; by chance. 

CHANCED (chanst), pp. of chance. 

CHXNCE'FUL, a. Hazardous.— Spenser. 

CHAN'CEL, n. [Fr. chancel, or chanceau.] That part of a 
church where the altar or communion table is placed, hav- 
ing usually a railing in front 

CHAN'CEL-LOR, n. [Fr. chancelicr.] Originally, a chief 
notary or scribe, under the Roman emperors ; but in Eng- 
land, in later times, an officer invested with judicial pow- 
ers, and particularly with the superintendence of all char- 
ters, letters, and other official writings of the crown that 
required to be solemnly authenticated. Hence, this offi- 
• cer became the keeper of the great seal. — The Lord High 
Chancellor of Great Britain, or Keeper of the Great Seal, is 
the highest officer of the crown, and keeper of the king's 
conscience. — Chancellor of an Ecclesiastical Court, is the 
bishop's lawyer, to direct the bishop in causes of the 
church.— Chawjfttor of a Catkedral,is an officer who hears 
lessons and lecCTn-es in the church, inspects schools, &c. 
— Chancellor of the Exchequer, is an officer who presides 
in fbjUgourt, and takes care of the interest of the crown. 
He ^^^Lhighest finance minister of the British govern- 
me^^^manccllor of a University, is an officer who seals 
the aromas, or letters of degree, &c, and is the chief 
magistrate in the government. — Chancellor of the Order of 
the Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals 
the commissions and mandates of the chapter. — In France, 
a secretary is, in some cases, called a chancellor. — In the 
United States, a chancellor is the judge of a court of chan- 
cery or equity, established by statute. 

CHIN'CEL-LOR-SHIP, n. The office of a chancellor; the 
time during which one is chancellor. 

CHaN'CE-RY, n. [Fr. chancellerie.] 1. In Great Britain, the 
highest court of justice, next to the parliament. — 2. In the 
United States, a court of equity. 

CHXNCTNG, ppr. Happening. 

5HAN'€RE (shank'er), n. [Fr. chancre.] A venereal ulcer. 

CHAN'CROUS (shank'rous), a. Ulcerous ; having the quali- 
ties of a chancre. 

CHAN-DE-LIER' (shan-de-leeri), n. [Fr.] 1. A frame with 
branches to hold a number of lights, to illuminate a public 
or large room. — 2. In fortification, a movable parapet, 
serving to support fascines to cover pioneers. 

CHaND'LER, n. A general term for a dealer, the particu- 
lar meaning being determined by a prefix, as tallow-chand- 
ler, ship-chandler, &c. 

CHaND'LER-LY, adv. Like a chandler.— Milton. 

CHaND'LER- Y, n. The commodities sold by a chandler. 

CHaND'RY, n. The place where candles are kept 

CHAN'FRIN, n. The fore-part of a horse's head. 

CHaNGE. v. t. [Fr. changer.] 1. To cause to turn or pass 
from one state to another ; to make different ; to vary in 
external form or in essence. 2. To put one thing in the 
place of another ; to shift. 3. To quit one thing or state 
for another. 4. To give and take reciprocally; to ex- 
change. 5. To barter; to exchange goods. 6. To quit 
as one place for another. 7. To give one kind of money 
for another. 8. To become acid or tainted ; to turn from 
a natural state of sweetness and purity. — Syn. To alter ; 
vary ; innovate ; diversify ; shift ; veer ; turn. 

CHaNGE, v. i. 1. To be altered ; to undergo variation. 2. 
To pass the sun, a3 the moon in its orbit ; as, the moon 
changes to-night. 

CHANGE, n. 1. Any variation or alteration in form, state, 
quality, or essence ; or a passing from one state or form 



to another. 2. A succession of one thing in the place \.. 
another; vicissitude. 3. A revolution. 4. A passing bv 
the sun, and the beginning of a new monthly revolution. 
5. A different state by removal ; novelty ; variety. 6. Al- 
teration in the order of ringing bells ; variety of sounds. 
7. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for 
another. 8. Small coins of money, which may be given 
for larger pieces. 9. The balance of money paid beyond 
the price of goods purchased. 10. The dissolution of the 
body; death. — 11. Change, for exchange, a place where 
merchants and others meet to transact business ; a build- 
ing appropriated for mercantile transactions. — 12. In arith- 
metic, permutation ; variation of numbers. — Syn. Variety ; 
variation; alteration; mutation; transition ; vicissitude; 
innovation; novelty; transmutation; revolution; reverse 

CHaNgE-A-BIL'1-TY, n. Changeableness, which is general 
ly used. — Fleming. 

CHaNGE'A-BLE, a. 1. That may change ; subject to al 
teration. 2. Having the quality of suffering alteration oi 
external appearance. — Syn. Mutable ; variable ; fickle ; in- 
constant ; unstable ; unsteady ; unsettled ; versatile ; wa- 
vering ; erratic ; giddy ; volatile. 

CHANGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being change- 
able ; fickleness ; inconstancy ; instability ; mutability, 2. 
Susceptibility of change, or alteration. 

CHa.NGEA.-BLY, adv. Inconstantly. 

CHaNG.ED, pp. or a. Altered ; turned ; converted ; shifted* 

CHaNgE'FUL, a. Full of change ; inconstant ; mutable , 
fickle ; uncertain ; subject to alteration. 

CHaNGE'LESS, a. Constant ; not admitting alteration. 

CHaNgE'LING, n. 1. A child left or taken in the place ot 
another. 2. An idiot; a fool. — Locke. 3. One apt to 
change ; a waverer. 4. Any thing changed and put in the 
place of another. — Shak. 

CHaNG'ER, n. 1. One who alters the form of any thing. 2. 
One who is employed in changing and discounting money ; 
a money-changer. 3. One given to change. 

CHANGING, ppr. or a. Altering; turning ; putting one thing 
for another ; shifting. 

CHANGING, n. An altering or putting one thing for another. 

CHaNGTNG-PIeCE, n. A tenn of contempt for one who 
is fickle. — Shak. 

CHAN'NEL, n. [Ir. cainneal ; Fr. canal.] 1. A passage ; a 
place of passing or flowing ; a water-course. 2. The place 
where a river flows. 3. The deeper part of a strait bay, 
or harbor, where the principal current flows. 4. That 
through which any thing passes ; means of passing, con- 
veying, or transmitting. 5. A gutter or furrow in a col- 
umn. 6. An arm of the sea ; a strait or narrow sea, be- 
tween two continents, or between a continent and an isle. 
— 7. Channels of a ship, broad pieces of plank, bolted edge- 
wise to the outside of a vessel, and used for spreading the 
lower rigging. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

CHAN'NEL, v. t. To form a channel ; to cut channels in 
to groove. 

CHAN'NELjBD, pp. or a. Having channels ; grooved longi- 
tudinally. 

CHAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Cutting channels ; grooving longi- 
tudinally. 

cHAN'SON, n. [Fr.] A song.— Shak. 

CHANT, v. t. [Fr. chanter.] 1. To sing ; to utter with a me- 
lodious voice. 2. To celebrate in song. 3. To sing after 
the manner of a chant 

CHANT, v. i. 1. To sing ; to make melody with the voice. 
2. To repeat after the manner of a chant. 

CHANT, n. Song ; melody ; a peculiar kind of sacred mu 
sic, in which prose is sung with less variety of intonation 
than in common airs. 

CHANTED, pp. Sung ; performed as a chant. 

CHANTER, n. 1. One who chants ; a singer or songster. 
2. The chief singer, or priest of the chantry. 3. The pipe 
which sounds the tenor or treble in a bag-pipe. 

CHANT1-CLEER, n. [chant and clear, Fr. clair.] A cock, 
so called from the clearness of his voice in crowing. 

CHANTING, ppr. or a. Singing ; performing as a chant 

CHANTING, n. The act of singing, or performing as a 
chant. 

CHANTRESS, n. A female singer.— Milton. 

CHANTRY, n. [Fr. chantrerie.] An endowed chapel, where 
priests daily sing or say mass for the souls of the donors, 
or others. 

€HA-OL'0-GY, n. A treatise on chaos, or chaotic matter. 

■GHa'OS, n. [L. chaos.] 1. That confusion, or confused 
mass, in which matter is supposed to have existed before 
it was reduced to order by the creating power of God. 2. 
Any mixed mass, without due form or order. 3. Confu 
sion ; disorder ; a state in which the parts are imdistin 
guished. 

CHA-OTIC, a. Resembling chaos ; confused. 

CHAP or CHAP, v. t. To cleave, split, crack, or open Ion 
gitudinally, as the surface of the earth, or the skin and 
flesh of the hand. 

CHAP or CHAP, v. i. To crack ; to open in long slits. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, S, I &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARifNE, BIRD —MOVE, BOOK. 






CHA 



163 



CHA 



CHAP or CHAP, n. A longitudinal cleft, gap, or chink, as 
the surface of the earth, or in the hands or feet. 

CHAP, n. [Sax. ceafl.) The upper and lower part of the 
mouth ; the jaw. It is applied to beasts, and, vulgarly, to 
men ; generally in the plural, the chaps, or mouth. 

CHAP, n. A man or a boy ; a youth. It is used also in the 
sense of a buyer. " If you want to sell, here is your chap." 
In this sense it coincides with chapman. [See Cheap.] — 
Steele. 

\ CHAP, v. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To cheapen. 

CHAP-AR-RAL', n. [Sp.] A thicket of low evergreen oaks. 

CHAP'BOOK, n. A small book carried about for sale by 
hawkers. 

CHaPE, n. [Fr. chape.] 1. The catch of any thing, as the 
hook of a scabbard, or the catch of a buckle, by which it 
is held to the back strap. 2. A brass or silver tip or case, 
that strengthens the end of a scabbard. 

CHAP'EAU (sh&ip'Tpo), n.; pi. Chapeaux (shap'poze). [Fr.] 
A hat. In heraldry, a cap or bonnet. 

CHAP'EAU BRA'S (shap'o-bra), n. A military hat, which 
can be flattened and placed under the arm (bras). 

CHAP'EL, n. [Fr. chapelle.] 1. A house for public worship, 
erected separate from a church ; primarily, a private ora- 
tory, or house of worship belonging to a private person. — 
Chapels, in universities and colleges, are their places of 
worship. — In Great Britain, parochial chapels are distinct 
from the mother church. Chapels of ease are additional 
churches built in large parishes for the accommodation of 
the inhabitants. — 2. In England, a place of worship for dis- 
senters. 3. A printer's workhouse. Also, an association of 
workmen in a printing-office. — Brande. 

CHAP'EL, v. t. To deposit in a chapel. — Beaumont. 

CHIPE'LESS, a. Without a chape. 

CHAP'EL-ET, \n. [Fr. chapelet.] A pair of stirrup leathers, 

CHAP'LET, j with stirrups. 

CHAP'EL-ING, n. The act of turning a ship round, when 
taken aback without bracing the heady ards. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

CHAP'EL-LA-NY, n. A place founded within some church, 
and dependent thereon. — Ayliffe. 

CHAP'EL-RY, 7i. The bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel. 

* CHAP'E-RoN (shap'e-ron), n. [Fr.] 1. A hood or cap 
worn by the knights of the garter in their habits. 2. One 
who attends a lady to pubhc places as a protector and 
guide. 

* CHAP'E-RoN (shap'e-rone), v. t. To attend on a lady to 

pubhc places as a guide and protector. 

CHAP-E-R5N.ED' (shap-e-rond'), pp. Waited on in a pubhc 
assembly by a male or female friend. 

CHAP-E-RoN'ING, ppr. Attending on a female in a pubhc 
assembly. 

CHAP-FA.LL-.EN (chop'fawln), a. Having the lower chap 
depressed ; hence, dejected ; dispirited ; silenced. 

CHAP'I-TER n. [Fr. chapiteau.] 1. The upper part or cap- 
ital of a column or pillar ; [obs.] 2. That which is deliv- 
ered by the mouth of the justice in his charge to the in- 
quest. 

CHAP'LAIN (-lin), n. [Fr. chapelain.] 1. An ecclesiastic who 
has a chapel, or who performs service in a chapel. 2. A 
clergyman who belongs to a ship of war, to a regiment of 
land forces, or to some public institution, for performing 
divine service. 3. A clergyman who is retained to per- 
form divine service in a family. 

CHAP'LAIN-CY, n. The office or station of a chaplain. 

CHAP'LAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The office or business of a chap- 
lain. 2. The possession or revenue of a chapel. 

CHAP'LESS, a. Without any flesh about the mouth.— Shak. 

CHAP'LET, n. [Fr. chapelet.] 1. A garland or wreath to be 
worn on the head ; the circle of a crown. 2. A string of 
beads used by the Roman Catholics, by which they count 
the number of their prayers. — 3. In architecture, a httle 
molding, carved into round beads, pearls, ohves, or the 
like. — 4. In horsemanship, a chapelet, which see. 5. A tuft 
of feathers on a peacock's head. 6. A small chapel or 
shrine. 

CHAP'MAN, 7i. ; pi. Chapmen. [Sax. ceapman.] 1. A cheap- 
ener ; one who offers as a purchaser. 2. A seller ; a mar- 
ket-man. 

CHAPP.ED (chapt), pp. Cleft ; opened, as the surface or skin. 

CHAP'PING, ppr. Cleaving, as the surface or skin. 

CHAP'PY, n. Full of chaps ; cleft. 

CHAPS, n. pi. The mouth or jaws. See Chap. 

CHAPT. See Chapped. 

CHAPTER, n. [Fr. chapitre.] 1. A division of a book or 
treatise. — 2. In ecclesiastical polity, a society or communi- 
ty of clergymen belonging to a cathedral or collegiate 
church. 3. An organized branch of some society or fra- 
ternity, as the freemasons. 4. A place where delinquents 
receive discipline and correction. 5. A decretal epistle. 

CHAPTER, v. t. To tax ; to correct.— Dryden, 

CHAPTER-HOUSE, n. A house where a chapter meets. 
CHAPTREL, 7i. The same as imposts. 
CHiR, 7i. A delicious fish, preferred to the salmon, inhab- 
iting deep lakes in mountainous regions. 



CHaR, v. In Eng land, work done by the day ; a single job o? 

task. — In New England, it is pronounced chore, which see. 
CHaR, v. t. To perform a business. — May. 
CHaR, v. i. To work at others' houses by the day without 

being a hired servant ; to do small jobs. 
CHAR, v. t. [Rubs, jaryu, or charyu.] 1. To burn or reduce 

to coal or carbon. 2. To expel all volatile matter from 

stone or earth by heat 
CHaR'-WoM-AN, n. A woman hired for odd work, or for 

single days. 

tCHAR'ECT \ n ' An i nscr iption. — Skelton. 

CHAR'AC-TER, n. [L. character ; Fr. caractere.] 1. A marK 
made by cutting or engraving; a mark or figure made 
with a peii or style ; a letter or figure used to form words, 
or communicate ideas. 2. A mark or figure made by 
stamping or impression, as on coins. 3. The manner of 
writing ; the peculiar form of letters used by a particular 
person. 4. The peculiar qualities, impressed by nature or 
habit on a person, which distinguish him from others. 5. 
An account, description, or representation of any thing, 
exhibiting its qualities and the circumstances attending it. 
6. A person. — 7. By way of eminence, distinguished or good 
qualities ; those which are esteemed and respected ; and 
those which are ascribed to a person in common estima 
tion. 8. Adventitious qualities impressed by office, or sta- 
tion ; the qualities that, in public estimation, belong to a 
person in a particular station. 9. The peculiar qualities 
or properties by which one thing is distinguished from 
another, as animals, plants, and minerals. 10. Distinctive 
quality of any kind strongly marked, particularly energy 
or force ; as, a man has a great deal of character. 

CHAR'AC-TER, v. t. 1. To engrave ; to inscribe. 2. To de- 
scribe ; to distinguish by particular marks or traits. 

CHAR/AC-TER.ED, pp. Engraved ; inscribed ; distinguished 
by a particular character. 

CHAR'AC-TER-ISM, n. 1. The distinction of character. 
2. A particular aspect or configuration of the heavens. 

CHAR-AC-TER-IS'TIC, \ a. [Gr. xapaKTripicriKoS-] That 

CHAR-AC-TER-IS'TIC-AL, $ constitutes the character ; 
that marks the peculiar, distinctive qualities of a person oi 
thing : followed by of. 

CHAR-AC-TER-IS'TIC, n. 1. That which constitutes » 
character ; that which characterizes ; that which distin- 
guishes a person or thing from another. — 2. In grammar, 
the principal letter of a word, which is preserved in mest 
of its tenses, in its derivatives and compounds. 

CHAR-AC-TER-ISTIC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner that dis- 
tinguishes character. 

CHAR-AC-TER-ISTIC-AL-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of being characteristic. 

€HAR-A€-TER-I-ZITION, n. Act of characterizing. 

CHARACTERIZE, v. t. [Gr. xa/JaKr^w.l 1. To give a 
character, or an account of the personal qualities of a 
man ; to describe by peculiar qualities. 2. To distinguish ; 
to mark or express the character ; to exhibit the peculiar 
qualities of a person or thing. 3. To engrave or imprint ; 
[little used.] 4. To mark with a peculiar stamp or figure. 
— Syn. To describe ; distinguish ; mark ; designate ; entitle. 

€HAR'A€-TER-lZ£D, pp. Described or distinguished by 
peculiar qualities. 

€HAR'A€-TER-IZ-ING, ppr. Describing or distinguishing 
by peculiar qualities. 

CHAR'AC-TER-LESS, a. Destitute of any peculiar char- 

t CHAR'AC-TER-Y, n. Impression ; mark ; distinction. 

CHA-RIDE' (sha-rade 7 ), n. [Fr.] A composition in which 
the subject must be a word of two or more syllables, each 
forming a distinct word ; and these syUables are to be 
concealed in an enigmatical description, first separately, 
and then together. 

CHaR'CoAL, 7i. [char and coal] Coal made by charring 
wood. 

CHaRD, n. [Fr.charde.] The leaves of artichokes bed and 
wrapped all over, except the top, in straw, during autumn 
and winter. The term is also applied to the leaves of the 
white beet. , * _, •. 

CHiR'FRON, n. A defense for a horse s head, made of 
plates of steel or pieces of leather.— Brande. 

CHIR6E, v. t. [Fr. charger.] L To rush on ; to fall on ; te> 
attack, especially with fixed bayonets. 2. To load, as i 
musket or cannon ; to thrust in powder, or powder and 
ball or shot. 3. To load or burden; to throw on or im- 
pose that which oppresses ; as, to charge th e stomach. 
4. To set or lay on ; to impose, as a tax. 5. To lay on or 
impose as a task ; as, to charge the memory. 6. To put 
or lay on ; as. to charge a building with ornaments : often 
implying superfluity. 7. To lay on, as a duty : followed 
by with ; as, to charge with a duty. 8. To intrust to ; as, 
an officer is charged with dispatches. 9. To s-st to, as a 
debt ; to place on the debit side of an account 10. To load 
or lay on, in words, something wrong, reproachful, or 
criminal ; to impute to ; as, to charge with stealing, 11. T« 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH;THasin this. ' t Obwlete. 



CHA 



164 



CHA 



;ay on in v, or ds , to impute to ; as, to charge theft upon 
some one. 12. To censure ; to accuse. 13. To lay on, 
give, or communicate, as an order, commandr or earnest 
request ; to enjoin ; to exhort. 14. To give directions to ; 
to instruct authoritatively. 15. To communicate electrical 
matter to, as to a coated vial, or an electrical battery. 

CHARGE, v. i. To make an onset. 

CHARGE, n. [Fr. charge.] 1. That which is laid on or in. 
2. The quantity of powder, or of powder and ball or shot, 
used or proper to be used in loading a musket, cannon, or 
other like instrument. 3. A rushing on an enemy. 4. An 
order given to some one. 5. That which is enjoined, com- 
mitted, intrusted, or delivered to another, implying care, 
custody, oversight, or duty to be performed by the person 
intrusted. 6. The person or thing committed to another's 
custody, care, or management; a trust. 7. Instructions 
given by a judge to a jury, by a bishop to his clergy, or by 
an ordaining council, through one of its members, to one 
6et as pastor over a congregation, or to the congregation 
themselves. 8. Imputation, in a bad sense ; accusation. 
9. That which constitutes debt, in commercial transac- 
tions ; an entry of money, or the price of goods, on the 
debit side of an account. 10. Cost ; expense. 11. Impo- 
sition on land or estate ; rent, tax, or whatever constitutes 
a burden or duty. — 12. In military affairs, a signal to at- 
tack. 13. The posture of a weapon fitted for an attack or 
combat. — 14. Among farriers, a preparation of the consist- 
ence of a thick decoction, or between an ointment and a 
plaster, used as a remedy for sprains and inflammations. 
— 15. In heraldry, that which is borne upon the color ; or 
the figures represented on the escutcheon, by which the 
bearers are distinguished from one another. — 16. In elec- 
trical experiments, a quantity of electrical fluid, communi- 
cated to a coated jar, vial, or pane of glass. — 17. In paint- 
ing, charge or overcharge is an exaggeration of color, out- 
line, &c. — A charge of lead is thirty-six pigs, each contain- 
ing six stone, wanting two pounds. — Syn. Care ; custody ; 
trust ; , management ; cost ; price ; expense ; assault ; at- 
tack; onset; injunction; command; order; mandate. 
CHXRgE'-HOUSE, n. A school-house.— Shah. 

CHARgEA-BLE, a. 1. That may be charged ; that may be 
set, laid, imposed. 2. Subject to be charged. 3. Expens- 
ive ; costly. 4. Laying or bringing expense. 5. Impu- 
table ; that may be laid or attributed, as a crime, fault, or 
debt. 6. Subject to be charged or accused ; censurable ; 
blamable. 

CHaRgEA-BLE-NESS, n. Expensiveness : cost ; costli- 
ness. — Boijle. 

CHaRgEA-BLY, adv. Expensively ; at great cost 

CHARGED, pp. Loaded ; burdened ; attacked ; laid on ; in- 
structed ; imputed ; accused ; placed to the debt ; ordered ; 
commanded. 

CHARGE PAF-FAlRES? (shaVzha-daf-fairi), n. [Fr.] A 
person intrusted with the public interest in a foreign na- 
tion, in the place of an embassador or other minister. 

t CHaRgE'FUL, a. Expensive ; cosily.— Shak. 

CHARgE'LESS. a. Not expensive ; free from expense. 

CHaRG'ER, n. 1. In Scots law, one who charges another in a 
suit. 2. A large dish. — Num., vii. 3. A horse used in battle. 

CHARGING, ppr. Loading ; attacking ; laying on ; instruct- 
ing; commanding; accusing; imputing. 

CHaR'I-LY, adv. Carefully ; warily ; frugally.— Shak. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

CHaR'I-NESS, n. Caution ; care ; nicety ; scrupulousness. 
— Shak. [Little used.] 

CHaRTNG, for choring, doing chores. — Coleridge. 

CHAR'I-OT, n. [Fr. chariot.] 1. A half coach ; a carriage 
with four wheels and one seat behind, used for conven- 
ience and pleasure. 2. A car or vehicle used formerly in 
war, drawn by two or more horses. 

CHAR'I-OT, v. t. To convey in a chariot. — Milton. 

CHAR'I-OT-MAN, n. The driver of a chariot. 

CHAR'I-OT-RaCE, n. A race with chariots ; a sport in 
which chariots were driven in contest for a prize. 

CHAR'1-OT-ED, pp. Borne in a chariot. — Cowper. 

CHAR-I-OT-EER', n. The person who drives or conducts 
a chariot. 

CHAR-I-OT-EERTNG, ppr 1. Driving a chariot. 2. a. Us- 
ing a chariot. 
CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.] I. Benevolent and kind. 2. Lib- 
eral in benefactions to the poor, and in relieving them in 
distress. 3. Pertaining to charity ; springing from charity, 
or intended for charity. 4. Formed on charitable princi- 
ples ; dictated by kindness ; as, a charitable construction 
of words, a charitable foundation. — Syn. Kind; benevo- 
lent ; liberal ; favorable ; indulgent. 
CHAR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to be chari- 
table ; or the exercise of charity. 2. Liberality to the poor. 
CHAR'I-TA-BLY, adv. Kindly; liberally ; benevolently; 
with a disposition to help the poor ; favorably. 
CHART-TA-TlVE, a. Disposed to tenderness. 
CHAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. charite ; L. charitas.] 1. In a general 
sense, that disposition of heart which inclines men to think 



favorably of their fellow-men, and to do them good. — In a 
theological sense, it includes supreme love to God, and unl 
versal good will to men. — 2. In a more particular sense, love,, 
kindness, affection, tenderness, springing from natural re- 
lations ; as, the charities of life. 3. Liberality to the poor, 
consisting in alms-giving or benefactions, or in gratuitous 
services to reheve them in distress. 4. Alms ; whatever 
is bestowed gratuitously on the poor for their relief. 
5. Liberality in gifts and services to promote public objecta 
of utility, as to found and support Bible societies, mission 
ary societies, and others. 6. Candor ; liberality in judg- 
ing of men and their actions ; a disposition which inclines 
men to think and judge favorably, and to put the bes' 
construction on words and actions which the case "wLi 
admit. 7. Any act of kindness or benevolence. 8. A char- 
itable institution. — Sisters of Charity, in the Roman Catholic 
Church, are an order or society of females, whose office is 
to attend the sick. — Syn. Love ; benevolence ; good will ; 
affection ; tenderness ; liberality ; indulgence ; alms-giving. 

CHAR'I-TY-S€HOOL, n. A school maintained by volun 

'_ tary contributions, for educating poor children. 

CHAR-I-V A-R'i' (shar-e-va-ree'), n. [Fr.] A mock serenade 
of discordant music, kettles, tin horns, &c, designed to 
insult and annoy. 

t CHARK, v. t. To burn to a coal ; to char. See Char. 

CHARLA-TAN (sharl'a-tan), n. [Fr.] One who prates much 
in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions to 
skill ; a quack ; an empiric ; a mountebank. 

cHaRL-A-TAN'I€-AL, a. Quackish ; making undue pre- 
tensions to skill ; ignorant. — Cowley. 

cHARL-A-TAN'I€-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a 
charlatan. 

CHaRLA-TAN-RY, n. Undue pretensions to skill ; quack 
ery ; wheedling; deception by fair words. 

CHaRLES'S'-WaIN, n. In astronomy, seven stars in the 
constellation of the Great Bear. It has the form of a wain 
or wagon, four stars forming the body, and the other three 
the tongue or neap. Charles, or Carl, denotes the man, or 
rustic, and hence CJiarles's-ioain is the rustic's or farmer's 
wagon. It has also been called, from its form, the Dipper. 
[Ed.] 

CHARLOCK, n. [Sax. cerlice.] The English name of the 
raphanus raphanistrum and sinapis arvensis, very perni- 
cious weeds among grain. 

CHARM, n. [Fr. charme.] I. Words, characters, or othei 
things imagined to possess some occult or unintelligible 
power; spell; enchantment. 2. That which has power 
to subdue opposition, and gain the affections ; that which 
can please irresistibly ; that which delights and attracts 
the heart. 

CHARM, v. t. 1. To subdue or control by incantation or 
secret influence. 2. To subdue by secret power, espe- 
cially by that which pleases and delights the mind ; to al- 
lay, or appease. 3. To give exquisite pleasure to the mind 
or senses. 4. To fortify with charms against evil ; [not in 
use.] 5. To make powerful by charms; [rare.] 6. To 
summon by incantation. 7. To temper agreeably. — Syn. 
To fascinate ; enchant ; enrapture ; captivate ; bewitch ; 
allure ; subdue ; delight 

CHARM, v. i. To sound harmonically. — Milton. 

CHAR'MA, n. A fish resembling the sea-wolf. 

CHaRMjED, pp. or a. Subdued or defended by charms , 
delighted ; enchanted. 

CHARM'ER, n. 1. One who uses or has the power of en 
chantment 2. One who delights and attracts the affections 

CHaRM'ER-ESS, n. An enchantress. — Chaucer. 

CHaRM'FUL, a. Abounding with charms. — Cowley. 

CHARMTNG, ppr. 1. Using charms. 2. a. Pleasing in the 
highest degree. — Syn. Enchanting ; bewitching ; captiva- 
ting; enrapturing; alluring; fascinating; dehghtful; pleas- 
urable ; graceful ; lively ; amiable. 

CHARMTNG-LY, adv. Delightfully ; in a manner to charm 
or to give delight. 

CHaRM'ING-NESS, n. The power to please. 

CHARMLESS, a. Destitute of charms.— Swift. 

CHAR-NE'CO, n. A kind of sweet wine. — Shak. 

CHAR'NEL, a. [Fr. charnel.] Containing flesh or ca< 
casses. 

CHAR'NEL-HOUSE, n. A place under or near churches, 
where the bones of the dead are reposited. 

CHa'RON, n. [Gr.] In mythology, the ferryman of hell. 

CHaR'PIE (shar'py), n. [Fr.] Lint for dressing a wound. 

CHaRR, n. A fish, a species of salmo. &e Chae. 

CHaRR-ED (chard), pp. or a. Reduced to a cosl.—Charre» 
wood, wood whose outer surface is carbonized. 

CHA RUING, ppr. Reducing to coal ; depriving of volatile 
matter. 

CHAR'RY, a. Pertaining to charcoal ; like charcoal, or par 
taking of its qualities. 

* CHaJ.T, n. [L. charta.] A hy orographic al or marine map 
a draught or projection of some part of the earth's super 
ficies on paper, with the coasts, isles, rocks, banks, chan 
nels or entrances into harbors, rivers, and bays, the point* 



* See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, £,£&&, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



CHA 



165 



CHE 



of compass, soundings or depth of water, &.C., to regulate 
the courses of ships in their voyages. 

CHaR-Ta'CEOUS (-shus), a. Resembling paper ; quite 
opaque, like most leaves. 

CHaRTE (shart), n. [Fr.] The constitution or fundamental 
law of the French monarchy, established at the restoration 
of Louis XVIIL, in 1814. 

CHaRTEL. See Caktkl. 

CHaR'TER, n. [Fr. chartre.] 1. A written instrument, ex- 
ecuted with usual forms, given as evidence of a grant, 
contract, or whatever is done between man and man. An 
instrument of a grant conferring powers, rights, and priv- 
ileges. 2. Any instrument, executed with form and 
solemnity, bestowing rights or privileges. 3. Privilege ; 
immunity; exemption. 

CHARTER v. t. 1. To establish by charter. 2. To hire or 
to let a ship by charter. 

CHaR'TER-LAND, n. Land held by charter, or in socage. 

CHaR'TER-PaR'TY, n. [Fr. charte-partie.] In commerce, an 
agreement respecting the hire of a vessel and the freight. 

CHARTERED, pp. or a. 1. Invested with privileges by 
charter ; privileged. 2. Granted by charter. 3. Hired, or 
let, as a ship. 

CHiR'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Giving a charter ; establishing by 
charter. 2. Hiring or letting by charter. 

CHaRTTSM, n. In England, the principles of a political 
party, who desire universal suifrage, the vote by ballot, 
annual parliaments, and other radical reforms, as set forth 
in a document called the People's Charter. 

CHARTIST, 7i. One infected with chartism, or radical 
principles. 

CHaRTLESS, a. Without a chart ; of which no chart has 
been made ; not delineated on paper. 

CHaR-TREUSE' (shar-trooze'), n. [Fr.l A celebrated mon- 
astery of Carthusians, in France, whose regulations are 
exceedingly severe. 

OHARTU-LA-RY, n. [Fr. chartulaire.] An officer in the an- 
cient Latin Church, who had the care of charters and 
other papers of a public nature. 

OHiR'Y, a. [Sax. cearig.] Careful ; wary ; frugal. — Skak. 

UHaS'A-BLE, a. That may be chased ; fit for the chase. 

JHaSE, v. t. [Fr. chasser.] 1. Literally, to drive, urge, press 
forward with vehemence : hence, to pursue for the pur- 
pose of taking, as game ; to hunt. 2. To pursue, or drive, 
as a defeated or flying enemy. 3. To follow or pursue, 
as an object of desire ; to pursue for the purpose of tak- 
ing. 4. To drive ; to pursue. — To chase away, is to com- 
pel to depart ; to disperse. — To chase metals, to emboss. 

THaSE, n. 1. Vehement pursuit ; a running or driving af- 
ter, as game, in hunting. 2. Pursuit with an ardent desire 
to obtain, as pleasure" &c. ; earnest seeking. 3. That 
which may be chased; that which is usually taken by 
chase. 4. That which is pursued : thus, a ship, when 
chased, is called the chase. — 5. In law, a driving of cattle 
to or from a place. 6. An open ground, or place of re- 
treat for deer and other wild beasts. 7. [Fr. chasse.] An 
iron frame used by printers to confine types, when set in 
columns or pages. 8. A wide groove. — 9. Chase of a gun, 
is the forward part, from the trunnions to the mouth. — 
Park. 10. A term in the game of tennis. — Chase guns, in 
a ship of war, guns used in chasing an enemy, or in de- 
fending a ship when chased. These have their ports at 
the head or stern. 

CHXS-ED (chast), pp. or a Pursued ; sought ardently ; driv- 
en; embossed. 

CHaS'ER n. 1. One who chases ; a pursuer ; a driver ; a 
hunter. 2. A term applied to guns at the head and stern 
of a vessel, for firing when in chase. 3. An enchaser. 
See Enchase. 

CHaSI-BLE. See Chasuble. 

CHaS'ING, ppr. Pursuing ; driving ; hunting ; embossing 
on metals. 

CHaS'ING, n. The act or art of embossing on metals ; em- 
bossed work. 

CHASM (kazm), n. [Gr. xa^a.] 1. A cleft; a fissure ; a 
gap ; properly, an opening made by disrupture, as a breach 
in the earth or a rock. 2. A void space ; a vacuity. 

CHASM.ED (kazmd), a. Having gaps or a chasm. 

CHASM'Y, a. Abounding with chasms. 

CHAS'SE-LAS, n. A sort of grape. 

CHASSEUR (shas'saur), n. [Fr.] One of a body of cavalry 
trained for rapid movements. 

CHASTE, a. [Fr. chaste.] 1. Pure from all unlawful com- 
merce of sexes. 2. Free from obscenity. 3. In language, 
pure ; genuine ; uncorrupt ; free from barbarous words 
and phrases, and from quaint, affected, extravagant ex- 
pressions. 

CHISTE'-EfED (-ide), a. Having modest eyes. 

CHISTE'-TREE, n. The agnus castus, or vitex. 

CHISTE'LY, adv. In a chaste manner ; without unlawful 
commerce of sexes ; without obscenity ; purely ; without 
Barbarisms or unnatural phrases. 

CHIS'TEN (chas'n), v. t. [Fr. chatter.] 1. To correct by 



punishment ; to punish ; to inflict pain for the purpose of 
reclaiming an offender. 2. To afflict by other means. 
3._To purify 1'ror.i errors or faults. 

CHaS'T£N£D (chas'nd), pp. or a. Corrected ; punished , 
afflicted for correction ; purified from faults. 

CHaS'T-EN-ER n. One who punishes for the purpose of 
correction. 

CHaSTE'NESS, n. Chastity; purity. 

CHaSTEN-ING, ppr. Correcting ; afflicting for correction. 

CHaS'TEN-ING, n. Correction ; suffering inflicted for the 
purpos_e of reclaiming. 

CHAS-TlS'A-BLE, a. Deserving of chastisement. 

CHAS-TlSE', v. t. [Fr. chatter.] 1. To correct by punisn 
ing ; to punish ; to inflict pain, for the purpose of punish 
ing an offender, and recalling him to his duty. 2. To re- 
duce to order or obedience ; to restrain ; to awe ; to re- 
press. _ 3. To correct ; to purifv bv expunging faults. 

CHAS-TlSED' (chas-tlzd'), pp. Punished; corrected. 

CHAS'TlSE-MENT, n. [Fr. chdtiment.] Pain inflicted for 
punishment and correction, either by stripes or otherwise. 

CHAS-TlS'ER, n. One who chastises ; a corrector. 

CHAS-TlS'lNG, ppr. Punishing for correction. 

CHAS'TI-TY, n. [L. castitas.] 1. Purity of the body ; free- 
dom from all unlawful commerce of sexes. 2. Freedom 
from obscenity, as in language or conversation. 3. Free- 
dom from bad mixture ; purity in words and phrases. 
4. Purity ; unadulterated state. 

CHAS'U-BLE, n. In the Roman Catholic Church, an outward 
vestment worn by the priest in saying mass, having a 
large gilt or embroidered cross on the back. 

CHAT, v. i. [Ger. kosen.] 1. To talk in a familiar manner ; to 
talk without form or ceremony. 2. To talk idly ; to prate 

t CHAT, v. t. To talk of.— Shah. 

CHAT, n. Free, familiar talk ; idle talk ; prate. 

CHAT, n. A twig, or little stick. See Chit. 

CHAT-PO-Ta'ToES, n. pi. Small potatoes, fit only lor 
pigs, &c. 

CHAT-EAU' (shat-to'), n. [Fr.] A castle ; a seat in the coun 
try. 

cHATE-LET, n. A little castle.— Chambers. 

CHAT'EL-LA-N Y, n. [Fr. chatellenie.] The lordship or juris- 
diction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. See Cas- 

TELLANY. 

CHA-TOY'ANT, a. [Fr. chat and ceil.] Having a changeable 

_ lustre, or color, like that of a cat's eye in the dark. 

CHA-TOY'ANT, n, A hard stone, with a changeable lustre. 

CHA-TOY'MENT, n. Changeable colors, or changeableness 
of color, in a mineral ; play of colors. 

CHATTAH, n. In India, an umbrella, 

CHATTED, pp. Talked familiarly, or on light subjects. 

CHATTEL, n. A term including all kinds of property, ex- 
cept the freehold, and things that are parcel of it. — Bouv. 

CHATTER, v. i. 1. To utter sounds rapidly and indistinct- 
ly, as a magpie or a monkey. 2. To make a noise by 
collision of the teeth. 3. To talk idly, carelessly, or rap- 
idly ; to jabber. 

CHATTER, n. Sounds like those of a pie or monkey ; idle 
talk. 

CHATTER-BOX, n. One that talks incessantly. 

CHATTER-ER n. 1. A prater ; an idle talker. 2. A name 
given to some species of dentirostral birds, from their loud 
and monotonous notes. — Swainson. 

CHATTER-ING, ppr. or a. Uttering rapid, indistinct sounds, 
as birds; talking idly; moving rapidly and clashing, as 
the teeth. 

CHATTER-ING, n. Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds , 
idle talk ; rapid striking of the teeth, as in chilliness. 

CHATTING, ppr. Talking familiarly. 

CHATTY, a. Given to free conversation ; talkative. 

CHATWOOD, n. Little sticks ; fuel. 

CHAU'DRON. See Chawdron and Chaldron. 

CHAUF'FER n. [Fr.] In chemistry, a small furnace— Fyf&- 

cHAU-MON-TELLE', n. [Fr.J A sort of pear. 

tCHAWN,} 71 - A & a P- SeeY ™- 

t CHAUN.'a. i. To open ; to yawn. 

CHaUNT. See Chant. 

CHAV'EN-DER ) % [Fr ckevesne .] The chub, a fish. 

CHAW, v'.t. [Sax. ceowan.] 1. To grind with the teeth; to 

masticate ; to ruminate. 2. To ruminate in thought ; to 

revolve and consider ; [obsolete] 
CHAW, n. 1. The jaw. 2. In vulgar language, a cud ; as 

much as is put in the mouth at once. 
CHAWED (chaud), pp. Chewed. 
CHAWING, ppr. Chewing. 
CHAWDKON, n. Entrails.— Shak. 
CHaY'-ROOT, n. The root of the oldenlandia umbellata 

used to give the beautiful red to the Madras cottons. 
CHeAP, a. [Sax. ceap.] 1. Bearing a low price in market ; 

that may be purchased at a low price. 2. Being of small 

value ; common ; not respected, 
t CHEAP, n. Bargain ; purchase. 



DOVE ,— BULL, UNITE ;— AN 'GER, VFCIOUS.— € asK; d as J ; SasZ; CHasSH, THasin this * Obsolete 



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166 



CHE 



CHeAP'EN (chep'n), v. t. [Sax. ceapian.] 1. To attempt to 
buy ; to ask the price of a commodity ; to chaffer. 2. To 
lessen value. 

CHeAP'ENED, pp. Bargained for ; beat down in price. 

CHeAP'EN-ER, n. One who cheapens or bargains. 

CHe AP'EN-ING (chep'n-ing), ppr. Chaffering ; beating down 
the price of. 

CHEAPLY, adv. At a small price ; at a low rate. 

CHeAP'NESS, n. Lowness in price, considering the usual 
price, or real value. 

CHeAR. See Cheer. 

CHeAT, v. t. [Sax. ceatt.] 1. To deceive and defraud in a 
bargain. 2. To deceive by any artifice, trick, or device, 
with a view to gain an advantage contrary to common 
honesty. — Syn. To trick ; cozen ; gull ; chouse ; fool ; 
outwit ; circumvent ; beguile ; impose on ; deceive. 

CHEAT, n. 1. A fraud committed by deception. 2. A per- 
son who cheats ; one guilty of fraud by deceitful prac- 
tices. — Syn. Deception ; imposture ; fraud ; delusion ; ar- 
tifice ; trick ; deceit ; imposition ; guile ; finesse ; strata- 
gem ; imposition. 

CHeAT-BReAD (-bred), n. Fine bread purchased, or not 
made in the family. [Little used.] 

CHeATA-BLE-NESS, n. Liability to be cheated. 

CHEATED, pp. Defrauded by deception. 

CHeAT ER, n. One who practices a fraud in commerce. 

CHEATING, j»pr. or a. Defrauding by deception ; imposing 
on. 

CHEATING, n. The act of defrauding by deceitful arts. 

CHeAT'ING-LY, adv. In a cheating manner. 

CHECK, v. t. [Fr. echec] 1. To stop ; to restrain ; to hin- 
der or repress ; to curb. 2. To rebuke ; to chide or re- 
prove. 3. To compare any paper with its counterpart or 
with a cipher, with a view to ascertain its authenticity ; 
to compare corresponding papers ; to control by a count- 
er-register. 4. To make a mark against names in going 
over a list. — 5. In seamanship, to case on a little of a rope, 
which is too stiffly extended ; also, to stopper the cable. 

CHECK, v. i. 1. To stop ; to make a stop. 2. To clash or 
interfere. 3. To strike with repression. 

CHECK, n. 1. A stop ; hinderance ; rebuff; sudden restraint. 
or continued restraint ; curb ; control ; government. 2. 
That which stops or restrains, as reproof, reprimand, re- 
buke, slight or disgust, fear, apprehension, a person ; any 
stop or obstruction. 3. A mark put against names in go- 
ing over a list. 4. A token given to rail-road passengers, 
serving to identify them in claiming their luggage, &c. 
Also, in theatres, &c, a similar token, to identify those 
who go out, expecting to return. — 5. In falconry, when a 
hawk forsakes her proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or 
other fowls that cross her in her flight. 6. The correspond- 
ent cipher of a bank note ; a corresponding indenture ; 
any counter-register. 7. A term in chess, when one party 
obliges the other either to move or guard his king. 8. An 
order for money drawn on a banker, or on the cashier of 
bank, payable to the bearer. — 9. In popular use, checkered 
cloth ; check, for checkered. — Check, or check-roll, a roll or 
book containing the names of persons who are attendants 
and in the pay of a king or great personage, as domestic 
servants. — Clerk of the check, in the British king's house- 
hold, has the check and control of the yeomen of the guard. 

CHECK-BOOK, n. A book containing blank checks upon 
a bank. 

CHECK ED, } pp. Stopped ; restrained ; repressed ; curbed ; 

CHECKT, > moderated ; controlled ; reprimanded. 

CHECKER, v. t. 1. To variegate with cross lines ; to form 
into little squares, like a chess-board, by lines or stripes of 
different colors. 2. To diversify ; to variegate with differ- 
ent qualities, scenes, or events. 

CHECKER, n. 1. One who checks or restrains ; a rebuker. 
2. A chess-board. 

CHECK'ER > n. Work varied alternately as to its 

CHECKER-WORK, 5 colors or materials ; work consist- 
ing of cross fines. 

CHE€K'ER-ED, pp. or a. Diversified; variegated. 
CHECK'ERS, n. pi. Draughts ; a common game on a 

checkered board. 
CHECKING, ppr. Stopping; curbing; restraining; mod- 
erating; controlling; rebuking. 
CHECKLESS, a. That can not be checked or restrained. 
CHECKMATE, n. 1. The movement in the game of chess 
that hinders any further moving, so that the game is fin- 
ished. — 2^ Figuratively, defeat ; overthrow. 
CHECKMATE, v. t. To make a movement in chess, which 
stops all further moving, and ends the game. Hence, to 
arrest and defeat. 
CHECKMaT-ED, pp. Stopped in the game of chess. 
CHECK'MaT-ING, ppr. Making a last move in chess. 
CHECKS, n. A kind of checkered cloth, as gingham. 

plaids, &.c. 
CHECK'Y, n. In heraldry, a border that has more than two 
rows of checkers, or when the bordure or shield is check- 
ered like a chess-board. 



CHEEK, n. [Sax. ccac, ceoca.] 1. The side of the lace 
below the eyes on each side. — 2. Among mechanics, cheek* 
are those pieces of a machine, or other kind of workman- 
ship, which form corresponding sides, or which are double 
and alike. — Cheek by jowl, closeness ; proximity. — Beau 
mont and Fletcher. 

CHEEK-BONE, n. The bone of the cheek. 

CHEEK-TOOTH, n. The hinder tooth or tusk.— Joel, i., 6 

CHEEKED (cheekt), a. Brought near the cheek. 

CHEEP, v. i. To chirp, as a small bird. 

CHEER, v. t. [Fr. chere.] 1. To salute with shouts of joy 
or cheers, or with stamping and other expressions of ap- 
plause. 2. To dispel gloom, sorrow, silence, or apathy ; 
to cause to rejoice. 3. To infuse life, spirit, or animation 
— Syn. To gladden ; encourage ; inspirit ; comfort ; con- 
sole ; enliven ; refresh ; exhilarate ; animate. 

CHEER, v. i. To grow cheerful ; to become gladsome or 
joyous. 

CHEER, n. 1. A shout of joy ; stamping or other expres- 
sions of applause. 2. A state of gladness or joy ; a state 
of animation. 3. Mirth ; gayety ; jollity ; as at a feast. 4. 
Invitation to gayety. 5. Entertainment ; that which makes 
cheerful ; provisions for a feast. 6. State or condition as 
to enjoyment ; as, " What cheer ?" " His word their droop- 
ing cheer enlightened." — Milton. 

C HEERED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; made glad. 

CHEER'ER, n. One who cheers ; he or that which gladdens. 

* CHEERFUL, a. 1. Having good spirits ; moderately joy- 
ful. This is the most usual signification of the word, ex- 
pressing a degree of animation less than mirth and jollity. 
2. Full of fife. 3. Expressive of good spirits ; as, a cheer- 
ful song. — Syn. Lively ; animated ; gay ; joyful ; fight- 
some ; gleeful ; blithe ; airy ; sprightly ; jocund ; jolly. 

* CHEERFUL-LY, adv. In a cheerful manner ; with alac- 
rity or willingness ; readily ; with life, animation, or good 
spirits. 

* CHEER'FUL-NESS, n. Life ; animation ; good spirits ; a 
state of moderate joy, or gayety ; alacrity. 

CHEER'I-LY, adv. With cheerfulness ; with spirit. 

CHEER'I-NESS, n. Cheerfulness. 

CHEERING, ppr. or a. Giving joy or gladness ; enliven- 
ing ; encouraging ; animating. 

CHEER'ING-LY, adv. In a cheering manner. 

t CHEER'ISH-NESS, n. State of cheerfulness. 

CHEER'LES'S, a. Without joy, gladness, or comfort , 
gloomy ; destitute of any thing to enliven or animate the 
spirits. 

CHEER'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of comfort or enjoy- 
ment. 

CHEER'LY, a. Gay ; cheerful ; not gloomy. 

CHEER'LY, adv. Cheerfully ; heartily ; briskly. 

CHEERTjP, \ v. t. To make cheerful ; to enliven ; to chirp 

CHIRRUP, 5 —Dr. Cheyne. [Colloquial] 

CHEERY, a. Gay; sprightly; having power to make gay. 

CHEESE, n. [Sax. cese, or cyse.] 1. The curd of milk, co 
agulated usually by rennet, separated from the serum or 
whey, and pressed in a vat, hoop, or mold. 2. A mass ot 
pomace or ground apples, placed on a press. 

CHEESE'-GIKE, n. A cake made of soft curds, sugar, and 
butter. 

CHEESE'-M6N"GER, n. One who deals in or sells cheese. 

CHEESE'-PaR-ING, n. The rind or paring of cheese. 

CHEESE -PRESS, n. A press, or engine, for pressing curd 
in the making of cheese. 

CHEESE'-REN-NET, n. A plant, ladies' bed-straw, galium 
verum. 

CHEESE-VAT, n. The vat or case in which curds are 
confined for pressing. — Glanville. 

CHEES'Y, a. Having the nature, qualities, taste, or form of 
cheese. 

CHEF-UCEUV'RE (shef-doov'er), n. [Fr.] A master-piece 
or performance in arts, &c. 

CHEG'RE, ? ?7. [Sp. chiquito, small.] A tropical insect that 

CHEG'oE, 5 enters the skin of the feet, and multiplies in- 
credibly, causing an itching. It is written, also, chigger, 
chigre, jigger. 

CHEl-ROP'TER, n. \ [Gr. %£</> and nrcpov.] Terms 

€HEl-ROP'TER-A, n. pi. > applied to animals whose an- 
terior toes are connected by a membrane, and whose feet 
thus serve for wings, as the bat. 

CHEl-ROP'TER-OUS, a. Belonging to the cheiroptera. 

CHEl-RO-THE'RI-UM, n. [Gr. xtip and Oripiov.] An extinct 

animal whose footsteps only are found in Germany. 
CHEK-OA, n. The Chinese porcelain clay. 

CHEL'I-DON, n. [Gr.] A brown fly with silvery wings. 

€HE-LIF'ER : OUS, a. [Gr. xn \i, t and L. fero.] Furnished 
with claws, as an animal. 

CHEL'I-FORM, a. [L. chela, and form.] Having the form 
of a claw. 

€HE-Lo'NI-A, n. pi. ) [Gr. x&uvv-] Terms applied to ani 

€HE-Lo'NI-AN, n. 5 mals of the tortoise kind. 

€HE-Lo'NI-AN, a. [Gr. %£/\uf, %£Xwi'J7.] Pertaining to or 
designating animals of the tortoise kind. 



' See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, T, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



CHE 



167 



CHI 



CHe'LY (kele), n. \ L. chela.] The claw of a shell-fish. 

€HEM'IG-AL (kim'ik-al or kem'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to 
chemistry. 2. Resulting from the operation of the prin- 
ciples of bodies by decomposition, combination, &c. 3. 
According to the principles of chemistry. 

€HEM'I€!-AL-LY, adv. According to the principles of chem- 
istry ; by chemical process or operation. 

2HE-MiSE' (she-mez'), n. [Fr. chemise.] 1. A shift, or under 
garment worn by females. 2. A wall that lines the face 
of any work of earth. 

CHEM'IST (kim'ist or kem'ist), n. A person versed in 
chemistry ; a professor of chemistry. 

CHEM'IST-RY (kim'ist-ry or kem'ist-ry, n. The science 
which relates to the elements of matter, the proportions in 
which they unite, the means of their separation, and the 
laws which govern and affect these agencies. — Brande. 

CHEM-I-SETTE' (shem-e-zetf), n. An under garment worn 
over the chemise. 

CHEQUE. See Check. 

CHEQ'UER. See Checker. 

CHE-QUiN'. See Cecchin. 

CHER'IFF, n. [written, also, slieriff.] The prince of Mecca ; 
a high priest among the Mohammedans. 

CHERISH, v. t. [Fr. cherir.] 1. To treat with tenderness 
and affection ; to give warmth, ease, or comfort to. 2. To 
hold as dear ; to embrace with affection. 3. To treat in 
a manner to encourage growth, by protection, aid, attend- 
ance, or supplying nourishment. 4. To harbor and en- 
courage in the mind. — Svn. To foster ; nurse ; entertain ; 
encourage ; comfort ; support 

CHERISHED (cher'isht), pp. or a. Treated with tender- 
ness ; warmed ; comforted ; fostered. 

CHER'ISH-ER, n. One who cherishes ; an encourager ; a 
supporter. 

CHER'ISH-ING, ppr. Warming ; comforting ; encouraging ; 
fostering ; treating with affection. 

CHER'ISH-ING, n. Support ; encouragement 

CHER'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In an affectionate manner. 

\ CHER'ISH-MENT, n. Encouragement ; comfort. 

CHERMeS. See Keemes. 

CHE-ROOT', n. A kind of cigar, brought, when genuine, 
from Manilla, in the Philippine Islands, and highly prized 
for its delicate flavor. 

CHER-O-POT'A-MOS, n. [Gr. xoipog and nora/ios.] A pach- 
ydermatous animal, aliied to the hog, now extinct. 

CHER'RY, n. [Fr. cerise ; L. cerasus, so named from Cera- 
sus, a city in Pontus, whence the tree was imported into 
Italy.] The fruit of a tree, a species of prunus, of which 
there are many varieties. 

CHER'RY, a. Like a red cherry in color ; red ; ruddy ; 
blooming. 

CHER'RY, n. A cordial composed of cherry -juice and spir- 
it sweetened and diluted. 

CHER'RY-BIY. See Laurel. 

CHERRY-CHEEKED (-cheekt), a. Having ruddy cheeks. 

CHER'RY-PIT, %. A child's play, in which cherry-stones 
are thrown into a hole. 

CHER'RY-TREE, n. A tree whose fruit is cherries. 

CHER'SO-NeSE, n. [Gr. x^ovvaos .] A peninsula ; a tract 
of land of any indefinite extent, which is nearly surround- 
ed by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck of land, 
or isthmus. 

CHERT, n. In mineralogy, an impure variety of quartz or 
flint, of various dull shades of color. It includes petrosilex 
and hornstone. 

CHERT'Y, a. Like chert ; containing chert. — Pennant. 

CHER'UB, n. ; pi. Cherubs, but the Hebrew plural Cher- 
ubim is also used. [Heb. ^1~iD.] 1. A figure composed of 
various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle, or a lion. In 
the celestial hierarchy, cherubs are represented as spirits 
next in order to seraphs. 2. A beautiful child is called a 
cherub. 

CHER-u'BI-G, ) a. Pertaining to cherubs ; angelic— Shel- 

CHER-O'BIC-AL, J don. 

CHER'U-BIM, n. The Hebrew plural of cherub. 

CHERU-BIN, a. Cherubic ; angelic— Shak. 

CHERU-BIN, n. A cherub.— Dryden. 

CHER'UP. A corruption of chirrup or chirp, which see. 

CHERVIL, n. [Sax. cerfille.] A British plant of the genus 
charophyllum, cultivated as a salad or pot-herb. 

CHES'A-PE AK, n. A bay of the United States. 

CHES-I-BLE. See Chasuble. 

CHES'LIP, n. A small vermin that lies under stones and 
tiles. — Skinner. 

CHESS, n. [Fr. echecs.] An ingenious game performed by 
two parties, with dhferent pieces, on a checkered board, 
that is, a board divided into sixty-four squares or houses. 

CHESS, n. In New England, a grass which grows among 
wheat, and is supposed, but. according to botanists, erro- 
neously, to be wheat degenerated or changed. 

CHESS'-AP-PLE, n. A species of wild service. 

CHESS'-BoARD, n. The board used in the game of chess, 
and from the squares of which chess has its name. 



CHESS'-MAN. n. A piece used in the game of chess. 

CHESS'-PLIY-ER, n. One who plays chess ; one skilled 
in the game of chess. 

CHESS'-TREE, n. In ships, a piece of wood, bolted per- 
pendicularly on the side, to confine the clews of the main- 
sail. 

CHESS'OM, n. Mellow earth.— Bacon. 

CHEST, n. [Sax. cest, or cyst.] 1. A box of wood or other 
material, in which goods are kept or transported. 2. The 
trunk of the body, from the neck to the belly ; the thorax. 
— 3. In commerce, a certain quantity ; as, a chest of sugar.— 
Chest of drawers is a case of movable boxes, called drawers. 

CHEST, v. t. To reposit in a chest ; to hoard. 

CHEST-FOUND-ER-ING, n. A disease in horses. 

CHESTED, a. Having a chest, as in narrow chested. 

CHESTNUT (ches'nut), n. [Sax. cystel.] The edible fruit, 
seed, or nut of a tree belonging to the genus castanea ,- 
often written chesnut. 

CHESTNUT, a. Being of the color of a chestnut ; of a 
brown color. 

CHESTNUT-TREE, n. The tree which produces the 
chestnut. 

CHES'TON, n. A species of plum. — Johnson. 

CHe'TAH,_%. The hunting leopard of India. 

t cHEV'A-cHIe, n. An expedition with cavalry. — Chaucer. 

CHe'VAgE. See Chiefage. 

cHEV-AL', n. [Fr.] Literally, a horse ; and hence, in com- 
position, a support or frame. Thus, a cheval-glass is a 

_ large swing-glass mounted in a frame, &c 

CHEV-AL' BE FRYSE, generally used in the plural, chev- 
aux defrise (shev'o-de-freez'). [Fr. cheval and frise.] 1. A 
piece of timber, traversed with wooden spikes, pointed 
with iron, five or six feet long ; used to defend a passage, 
stop a breach, or make a retrenchment to stop cavalry. 2. 
A kind of trimming. 

CHEV-A-LIeR' (shev-a-leeiO, n. [Fr.] 1. A knight ; a gal- 
lant young man. — 2. In heraldry, a horseman armed at all 
points. 

CHEV'EN, n. [Fr. chevesne.] A river fish, the chub. 

CHEV'ER-IL, n. [Fr. chevereau.] Soft leather made of kid 
skin. Hence, a yielding disposition ; yielding ; pliable 
[Used as a noun or adjective.] 

CHEV'ER-IL-lZE, v. t. To make as pliable as kid leather. 

CHEVI-SANCE (shev'e-zans), n. [Fr. chevir.] 1. Achieve- 
ment ; deed; performance; enterprise accomplished , 
[obs.] — 2. In law, a making of contracts ; a bargain. 3. 
An unlawful agreement or contract. 4. An agreement or 
composition, as an end or order set down between a ared 

_ itor and his debtor. 

CHEVRON, n. [Fr.] 1. In heraldry, an honorable ordinary, 
representing two rafters of a house meeting at the top. — 

2. In architecture, an ornament in the form of zigzag work. 

3. The distinguishing mark on the coat-sleeves of non- 
commissioned officers. 

CHEVRON.ED (shev'rond), a. Having a chevron, or the 
form of it. — Ben Jonson. 

cHEVRON-EL, n. A small chevron. 

CHE V-RO-TaIN', n. [from Fr. chcvre.] The smallest of the 
antelope kind. 

CHEW (chu), v. t. [Sax. ceowan.] 1. To bite and grind 
with the teeth ; to masticate, as food, to prepare it for deg- 
lutition and digestion. 2. To ruminate in the thoughts ; to 
meditate. 3. To champ ; to bite, hold, or roll about in 
the mouth. 4. To taste without swallowing. 

CHEW, v. i. To champ upon ; to raminate. 

CHEW, n. That which is chewed ; that which is held in 
the mouth at once ; a cud. [Vulgar.] 

CHEWED (chude), pp. Ground by the teeth ; masticated. 

CHEW'ET, n. A kind of pie. made with chopped sub- 
stances. 

CHEWING, ppr. or a. Grinding with the teeth ; masticat 
ing ; ruminating ; maditating ; champing. 

CHl'A, n. A beautiful Mexican plant. 

CHl'AN, a. Pertaining to Chios, an isle in the Levant 

€HI-A'RO-OS-€u'RO. See Clare-obscure. 

€HI-AS'TO-LlTE, n. See Andalusite. 

CHIB'BAL, n. [Fr. ciboule.] A small sort of onion. 

CHI-CINE' (she-kane'), n. [Fr. chicane.] 1. In law, shift ; 
turn ; trick ; cavil ; an abuse of judiciary proceedings, by 
artifices, unfair practices, or idle objections. 2. Sophistry. 
3. Any artifice or stratagem. 

cHI-GaNE' v. i. [Fr. chicaner.] To use shifts, cavils, or 
artifices. — Burke. 

cHI-CaN'ER, n. [Fr. chicaneur.] One who uses shifts, 
turns, evasions, or undue artifices in litigation or disputes, 
a caviler ; a sophister ; an unfair disputant. 

cHI-€aN'ER-Y, n. [Fr. chicanerie.] Mean or unfair artifice* 
to perplex a cause and obscure the truth.— Syn. Trick , 
sophistry ; quib ble ; fetch ; stratagem ; tergiversation. 

CHICCO-RY, n. The cichorium intybus, also called succory. 
One species is cultivated hi England as a salad, an<? an 
other species is used in France to adulterate coflee. 

CHICH'ES, n. pi. Dwarf pease. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl' CIOUS.— € asKj G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



CHI 



Ib8 



CHI 



CHiCH'LING, \n. A vetch or pea, of tha genus 

CHICH'LING VETCH, 5 lathyrus. 

CHICK, v. i. To sprout, as seed in the ground ; to vegetate. 
— Todd. 

CHI€K, In. ["Sax. cicen.] 1. The young of fowls, par- 

CHICK'EN, > ticularly of the domestic hen, or gallinaceous 
fowls. 2. A person of tender years. 3. A word of ten- 
derness. 

CHICK'EN-HEaRT'ED, a. Timid ; fearful ; cowardly. 

CHICKEN-POX, n. A mild, contagious, eruptive disease, 
generally appearing in children. 

CHICK-A-REE', n. The American red squirrel. 

CHICKLING, n. A small chick or chicken. 

CHICK'-PeA, n. [L. cicer.] A plant or pea cultivated in 
the south of Europe as an article of diet, but chiefly for 
feeding poultry. 

CHICK-WEED, n. A low, creeping weed, of which birds 
and poultry eat readily ; hence the name. 

CHlDE, v. t. ; pret. chid ; [chode is obs.] part, chid, chidden. 
[Sax. cidan.] To utter words in anger, or by way of dis- 
approbation. — Syn. To blame ; rebuke ; reprove ; scold ; 
censure ; reproach. 

CHlDE, v. i. 1. To scold ; to clamor ; to find fault ; to con- 
tend in words of anger. 2. To quarrel. 3. To make a 
rough, clamorous, roaring noise. 

CHlDE, n. Murmur ; gentle noise. — Thomson. 

CHlD'ER, n. One who chides, clamors, reproves, or re- 
bukes. 

f CHiD'ER-ESS, n. A female who chides. 

CHlD'ING, ppr. Scolding ; clamoring ; rebuking ; making 
a harsh or continued noise. 

CHlD'ING, n. A scolding or clamoring ; rebuke ; reproof. 

CHlDTNG-LY, adv. In a scolding or reproving manner. 

CHIEF (cheef), a. [Fr. chef.] 1. Highest in office or rank. 

2. Most eminent in any quality or action ; most distin- 
guished ; having most influence ; commanding most re- 
spect ; taking the lead ; most valuable ; most important. 

3. First in affection ; most dear and familiar. — Syn. Prin- 
cipal; leading; main; first; paramount; supreme; prime; 
vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master. 

CHIEF, n. 1. A commander ; particularly a military com- 
mander. 2. The principal person of a tribe, family, or 
congregation, &c— -3. In chief, in English law, in capite. 
To hold land in chief, is to hold it directly from the king, 
by honorable personal services. — 4. In heraldry, the upper 
part of the escutcheon, divided into three points, dexter, 
middle, and sinister. — 5. In Spenser, it seems to signify 
something like achievement, a mark of distinction. — John- 
son. 6. This word is often used, in the singular number, 
to express a plurality. 7. The principal part ; the most 
or largest part of one thing or of many. 

CHIEF, adv. Chiefly. 

CHIeF'-JUS'TICE, n. The presiding justice ; particularly 
the presiding judge in the courts of Common Pleas and 
King's Bench in England, and of the Supreme Court of the 
United states ; and also of the Supreme Court in some of 
the states. 

CHlEF'-JUSTiCE-SHIP, n. The office of chief justice. 

I CHS fv'AdE,' \ n - A tribute b y the head - 

CHIEFTJ6M, n. Sovereignty. — Spenser. 

t CHIeF'ESS, n. A female chief among the Indians.— 
Carver. 

CHIeF'LESS, a. Without a chief or leader. 

CHIeF'LY, adv. 1. Most of all ; in the first place. 2. For 
the most part. — Syn. Principally; mainly; especially; 
eminently. 

CHIeF'RiE, n. A small rent paid to the lord paramount. 

CHIEFTAIN (-tin), n. A captain, leader, or commander; a 
chief; the head of a troop, army, or clan. 

CHIeF'TAIN-CY, \n. Headship ; captaincy ; the govern- 

CHIEF'TAIN-SHIP, 5 ment over# clan. 

t CHlE VANCE, n. [Norm, chivisance.] An unlawful bar- 
gain; traffic in which money is extorted. 

f CHIE VE, ) v. i. [Fr. chevir.] To come to an end ; to issue ; 

\ CHeVE, 5 to succeed. — Chaucer. 

CHIF-FO-NIER' (shif-fon-eerO, n. 1. Literally, a receptacle 
for rags or shreds. 2. A movable and ornamental cup- 
board or receptacle — Smart. 

CHIF'FY, n. An instant. 

CHIG'GER, 7 _ _ 

CHI'GO. ' J 5« Chegbe. 

CHIL'BLaIN, n. A blain or sore produced by cold. 

CHIL'BLaIN, v. t. To produce chilblains. 

CHILD, n. ; pi. Children. [Sax. cild.] 1. A son or a daugh- 
ter ; the immediate progeny of parents ; applied to the 
human race, and chiefly to a person when young. 2. One 
weak in knowledge, experience, judgment, or attainments. 
3. One young in grace. 4. One who is born again, spirit- 
ually renewed and adopted. 5. One who is the product 
of another, or whose principles and morals are the pi-od. 
uct of another ; as, " thou child of the devil." 6. In the 
plural, the descendants of a man, however remote ; as, the 



children of Israel. 7. The inhabitants of a country. — T« 
be with child, to be pregnant. 

t CHILD, v. i. To bring children.— Shak. 

CHiLD'-BEaR-ING, ppr. or a. Bearing or producing chil 
dren. 

CHlLD'-BEIR-ING, n. The act of producing or bringing 
forth children ; parturition. 

CHILD'BED, n. The state of a woman bringing forth a 
child, or being in labor ; parturition. 

CHlLD'BiRTH, n. The act of bringing forth a child ; trav 
ail ; labor. 

CHlLDE, n. A cognomen formerly prefixed to the family 
name by the eldest son, and continued till he gained new 
honors by his own prowess, or succeeded to the titles o! 
his ancestors. — Booth. 

t CHILD'ED, a. Furnished with a child.— Shak. 

CHILD'ER-MAS-DaY, n. An anniversary o;' the Church of 
England, held on the 28th of December, in commemora- 
tion of the children of. Bethlehem slain by Herod ; called, 
also, Innocents' -Day. 

CHlLD'HOOD. n. [Sax. cildhad.] 1. The state of a child, 
or the time in which persons are children, including the 
time from birth to puberty. 2. The properties of a 
child. 

t CHiLDTNG, ppr. [The verb to child is not now used.j 
Bearing children ; producing ; as, childing women. 

CHlLD'ISH, a. 1. Belonging to a child. 2. Pertaining to a 
child or children ; as, childish fear. — Syn. Puerile ; tri- 

. fling ; silly ; weak ; ignorant. 

CHlLD'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a child ; in a trifling 
way ; in a weak or foolish manner. 

t CHlLD'ISH-MIND'ED-NESS, n. Triflingness.— Bacon. 

CHlLD'ISH-NESS, n. Triflingness ; puerility ; the state or 
qualities of a child. 

CHlLD'LESS, a. Destitute of children or offspring. 

CHlLD'LESS-NESS, n. State of being without children. 

CHlLD'LlKE, a. Resembling a child, or that which belongs 
to children ; becoming a child ; meek ; submissive ; du 
ttful. 

CHILD'LY, a. Like a child. 

CHIL'DREN, n. ; pi. of child. — Syn. Offspring ; issue ; prog 
eny. 

€HIL'I-AD (kil'e-ad), n. [Gr. %<Ai«<r.J 1. A thousand ; a Col 
lection or sum containing a thousand individuals or par- 
ticulars. 2. The period of a thousand years. 

€HIL'I-A-GON, n. [Gr. x^ia and ymvia.] A plane figure OJ 
a thousand angles and sides. 

€HIL-I-A-HE'DRON, n. [Gr. % <Aia and iSpa.] A solid figure 
of a thousand equal sides or faces. 

CHIL'I-aRCH (kil'e-ark), n. [Gr. x «Aia and ap%og.\ Ta« 
military commander or chief of a thousand men. 

CHIL'I-aRCH-Y, n. A body consisting of a thousand men. 

€HIL'I-ASM (kil'e-azm), n. [Gr. %(Xta.] The millennium, 
or thousand years, when Satan is to be bound. — Rev., xx 

€HIL'I-AST, n. One of the sect of Millenarians. 

CHIL-I-F ACTIVE. See Chylifactive. 

€HIL-I-OL'I-TER. See Kiloliter. 

€HIL-I-OM'E-TER. See Kilometer. 

CHILL, n. [Sax. cele, cyle, cyl] 1. A shivering with cold , 
rigors, as in an ague ; the cold fit that precedes a fever ; 
sensation of cold in an animal body ; chilliness. 2. A mod- 
erate degree of cold ; chilliness in any body ; that which 
gives the sensation of cold. — 3. Figuratively, a check to 
feelings of joy; as, a chill came over the assembly. 

CHILL, a. 1. Cool; moderately cold; tending to cause 
shivering. 2. Shivering with cold. 3. Cool ; distant ; 
formal ; not warm, animated, or affectionate ; as, a chill 
reception. 4. Depressed; dispirited; dejected; discour- 
aged. 

CHILL, v. t. 1. To cause a shivering or shrinking of the 
skin ; to check circulation or motion. 2. To make cold, 
or cool ; as, the evening air chills the earth. 3 To blast 
with cold; to check the circulation in plants, and stop 
their growth. 4. To check motion, life, or action ; to do 
press ; to deject ; to discourage. 

t CHILL, v. i. To shiver. 

CHILL ED, pp. Made cool ; made to shiver ; dejected. 

CHIL'LI, n. The pod of the Cayenne or Guinea pepper 

CHILL'I-NESS, n. 1. A sensation of shivering ; rigors. 
A moderate degree of coldness. 

CHILLTNG, ppr. or a. Cooling; causing to shiver. 

CHILL'ING-LY, adv. In a chilling manner. 

CHILL'NESS, n. Coolness ; coldness ; a shivering. 

CHILL'Y, a. Cool ; moderately cold. 

t CHILL'Y, adv. Coldly.— Sherwood. 

CHIL'O-GRAM. See Kilogram. 

CHIL'O-POD, n. [Gr. xaAoj, a lip, and izovs, a foot] *u 
zoology, an animal of the order of myriapods or centi- 
peds, in which the lower lip is formed by a pair of feet 

CHIL'TERN HUND'REDS, n. A tract in Buckinghamshire 
and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached the nom- 
inal office of steward under the crown. As members of 
parliament can not resign their seats, when they wish to 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, % I, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BlRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



CHI 



169 



CHI 



go out they accept this nominal office, or stewardship, and 
thus vacate their seats. — Brande. 

CHlJIB, n. The edge of a cask, &c. See Chime. 

CHlME, ra. [Chaucer, chimbe ; Dan. kimer.] 1. The conso- 
nant or harmonic sounds of several correspondent instru- 
ments. 2. Correspondence of sound. 3. The musical 
sounds of a set of bells struck with hammers. 4. Corre- 
spondence of proportion or relation. 5. A kind of period- 
ical music, or tune of a clock, produced by an apparatus 
annexed to it 6. A set of bells which chime, or ring in 
harmony. 

CHlME, v. i. 1. To sound in consonance or harmony ; to 
accord. 2. To correspond in relation or proportion. 3. 
To agree ; to fall in with. 4. To agree ; to suit with. 5. 
To jingle ; to clatter. 

CHlME, v. t. 1. To move, strike, or cause to sound in har- 
mony. 2. To strike or cause to sound, as a set of bells. 

CHlME, n. [D. kirn ; G. kimme.] The edge or brim of a 
cask or tub, formed by the ends of the staves. 

CHTM'ER, n. One who chimes. 

CHI-MeHA n. [L. chimcera.] 1. A fabulous monster, vom- 
iting flames, with the head of a lion, the body of a goat, 
and the tail of a dragon ; supposed to represent a volcanic 
mountain in Lycia, having lions near the top, goats in the 
middle, and poisonous serpents below. — 2. In modern 
usage, a vain or idle fancy. 

CHI-MeRE' (she-meer 7 ), n. The upper robe of a bishop. 

€HI-MER'I€-AL, a. Wildly or vainly conceived ; that has 
or can have no existence except in thought. — Syn. Imag- 
inary ; fanciful ; fantastic ; wild ; unfounded ; vain ; de- 
ceitful; delusive. 

€HI-MER'I€-AL-LY, adv. Wildly ; vainly ; fancifully ; fan- 
tastic all v. 

!_€HlM'ER-lZE, v. I To entertain wild fancies. 

CHIMTN-AGE, n. [Fv. chemin.] In law, a toll for passage 
through a forest 

CHlM'ING. ppr. Casing to chime ; sounding in accordance. 

CHIMIS-TRY. See Chemistry. 

OHIM'NEY, n. ; pi. Chimneys. [Fr. cheminee.] 1. In archi- 
tecture, a body erected in a building containing a funnel or 
funnels to convey smoke through the roof from the fire- 
place. 2. A fireplace ; the lower part of the body of brick 
or stone, which confines and conveys smoke. 3. A tall 
glass tube around the flame of a lamp. 

CHLM'NEY-BoARD, n. A fire-board which see. 

CHIM'NEY-COR'NER, n. 1. The corner of a fireplace, or 
the space between the fire and the sides of the fireplace. 
— 2. In a more enlarged sense, the fireside, or a place near 
the fire. 

CHDPNEY-HOOK, n. A hook for holding pots and kettles 
over a fire. 

CHDFNEY-MdN'EY (-mun'ny), n. Hearth-money, a duty 
paid for each_chimney in a house. 

CHLMNEY-PIeCE, n. An ornamental piece of wood or 
stone set round a fireplace. 

CHIM'NEY-POT, n. A cylinder of earthen-ware, -resem- 
bling in appearance a stone pot, placed at the top of chim- 
nies to prevent smoking. 

CHIMBE Y-S WEE P'ER, n. One whose occupation is to 
sweep and scrape chimneys. 

CHIM'NEY-TOP, n. The summit of a chimney. 

CHIM-PAN'ZEE, n. An animal of the ape kind; the Afri- 
can orang-outang. 

CHIN, n. [Sax. dune.] The lower extremity of the face 
below the mouth ; the point of the under jaw. 

♦CHl'NA, n. A species of earthen-ware made in China, and 
so called from the country ; called also, china-ware and 
porcelain. See Porcelain. 

* CHTNA-OR'ANGE, n. The sweet orange, said to have 
been originally brought from China. 

* CHl'NA-ROOT, n. The root of a species of smilax. 
CH1/NAR, n. A tree of India. 

CHLNCA-PLN, n. The dwarf chestnut, a small tree of the 
Southern States. 

CHINCH, n. A kind of bug of a disgusting smelL which 
does great injury to wheat and other grains. 

CHTN-CHIL'LA, n. A small animal of South America, pro- 
ducing a beautiful fur known by this name. — Brande. 

CHLN'-COUGH (-kauf). n. [D. kind, a child, and kuch, cough.] 
A disease often epidemic among children ; the hooping- 
cough. 

CHiNE, n. [Fr. echine.] 1. The back-bone, or spine of an 
animal. 2. A piece of the back-bone of an animal, with 
Che adjoining parts, cut for cooking, as a chine of pork, 
corresponding to a baron of beef, or a saddle of mutton. 
3. The chime of a cask, or the ridge formed by the ends of 
the staves. — Slat, of Penn. 

CHINE, v. t. To cut through the back-bone, or into chine- 
pieces. 

CHIN.ED, a. Pertaining to the back. — Beaumont. 

CHI-NeSE', a. Pertaining to China. 

CHI-NeSE', n., sing, and pi. A nativs of China ; also, the 
language of China. 



CHIN'GLE, n. Gravel free from dirt See Shingle. 

CHIN"GLY. A less common spelling of shingly. 

CHINK, n. [Sax cina or cinu.] A small aperture length 
wise ; a cleft rent, fissure, or cranny ; a gap or crack. 

CHINK, v. i. To crack ; to open. — Barret. 

CHINK, v. t. To open or part, and form a fissure. 

CHINK, v. t. To cause to sound by shaking coins or smail 
pieces of metal. 

CHINK, v. i. To make a small, sharp sound as by the col- 
lision of little pieces of money, or other sonorous bodies. 

CHINKT, a. Full of chinks or fissures ; gaping ; opening 
in narrow clefts. — Dry den. 

CHINNED (chind), a. Having a long chin. — Kersey. 

CHIN'QUA-PIN. See Chincapin. 

CHINSE, v. t. In naval affairs, to thrust oakum into the 
seams or chinks of a ship with a chisel or point of a knife. 

CHINTZ, n. [D. chits; Hindoo, cheent; Pers. chinz.] Cot- 
ton cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a 
number of different colors. 

CHJOP-PiNE' (chop-peen'), n. [Sp. chapin.] A high shoe, 
formerly worn by ladies. — Shak. 

CHIP "i 

CHe 4.P ( k" t ^ Le names °f Pl aces > imply a market ; from 

CHIPPING > ^ ax * cea P an > c yv an ^ t0 buy or sell. 

CHIP, n. 1. A piece of wood, or other substance, cut or 
broken off from a body. 2. A fragment ; a small piece. 

CHIP, v. t. To cut into small pieces, or chips ; to hew. 

CHIP, v. i. To fly off in small pieces, as in potter's-ware 

CHIP'-AX, n. An ax for chipping. 

CHIP'-HAT, n. A hat made of wood split into thin fila- 
ments. 

CHIPPED (chipt), pp. Cut in chips, or small pieces ; hewed. 

CHIP'PER, v. i. To chirp, or chirrup. Forby. — In New Eng- 
land, this word is colloquially used as an adjective for live- 
ly, talkative, as kipper is used in the Craven dialect. 

CHIP'PING, ppr. Cutting off in small pieces. 

CHIP'PING, n. 1. A chip ; a fragment. 2. The flying or 
breaking off, in small pieces, of the edges of potter's-ware 
and porcelain. 

CHi-Ra'GRA, n. [Gr. %£<p and ay pa.] Gout in the hands. 

CHl-RAGTUC-AL, a. [from chiragra.] Having the gout in 
the hand, or subject to that disease. 

CHiRK (churk), a. [D. circken.] Lively ; cheerful , in good 
spirits; in a comfortable state. [Colloquial in J\ T ev> Eng- 
land.] See the verb. 

t CHiRK, v. i. To chirp.— Chaucer. 

t CHiRM, v. i. [Sax. cyrman.] To sing as a bird. 

CHT'RO-GRAPH (ki'ro-graf), n. [Gr. X eip and ypa$u.] I 
Anciently, a writing which, requiring a counterpart was 
engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment with a 
space between, in which was written the word chirogra- 
phum, through which the parchment was cut, and one part 
given to each party. It answered to what is now called 
a charter-party. 2. A fine, so called from the manner of 
engrossing, which is still retained in the cliirographer's of- 
fice in England. 

CHl-ROGHA-PHER, n. He who exercises or professes the 
art or business of writing. — In England, an officer in the 
common pleas, who engrosses fines. 

IS1"Io-G?:1pI5IaL. } a - Pertai ^ to cbirography. 

CHl-ROG'RA-PHIST, n. One who tells fortunes by exam 
ining the hand. — Arbuthnot. 

CHI-ROGHA-PHY, n. The art of writing, or a writing with 
one's own hand ; penmanship. 

CHl-RO-LOG'I-G-AL, a. Pertaining to chirology. 

CHl-ROL'O-GlST, n. [Gr. %tip and \oyos.] One who com 
municates thoughts by signs made with the hands and 
fingers. 

€Hl-ROL'0-GY, n. The art or practice of communicating 
thoughts by signs made by the hands and fingers ; a sub- 
stitute for language of discourse used by the deaf and 
dumb. 

*€Hl'RO-MAN-CER, n. One who attempts to foretell fu 
ture events, or to tell the fortunes and dispositions of per 
sons, by inspecting the hands. 

* CHFRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. x^P .^ i^avrua.] Divination 

by the lines of the hand ; palmistry. 

* €Hl-PcO-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to chiromancy, or divina- 

tion by the hand. 
€Hl'RO-MAN-IST, In. One who foretells future events, 
CHIR.O-MAN-TIST, ) in relation to an individual, by in 

specting his hands. 
€HT-RO-NOM'I€, a. Relating to chironomy. 
€Hl-RON'0-MY, n. [Gr. x^'P and vofiog.] The art or rule 

of moving the hand in oratory ; gesture. 
CHl'RO-PLAST, n. [Gr. xup and -r:\acKo.] An instrument 

to form the hand for playing on the pianoforte. 
CHI-ROP'O-DIST. n. [Gr. X etp and -ov?.] Literally, on© 

who handles the feet ; one who extracts corns, removes 

bunions, &c. The term has sometimes been extended to 

those who remove excrescences from the hands. 
€HI-ROS'OPH-IST, n. A fortune-teller. 



Dt VE :— BULL, HNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € asK; GasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete. 



CHL 



170 



CHO 



CHIRP (churp), v. i. [Ger. zirpen.) To make the noise of 

certain small birds, or of certain insects. 
CHiRP, v. t. To make cheerful.— Pope. 
CHiRP, n. A particular voice of certain birds or insects. 
CHiRP'ER, 72. One that chirps, or is cheerful. 
CHiRP'ING, ppr. or a. Making the noise of certain small 

birds. 
CHiRP'ING (churp'ing), n. The noise of certain small birds 

and insects. 
CHiRP'ING-LY, adv. In a chirping manner. 
CH1RRE, v. i. [Sax. ceorian.] To coo, as a pigeon. 
CHIR'RUP, v. t. To cheer up ; to incite or animate ; to 

quicken ; as, to chirrup one's horse. 
f €HI-RUR'GEON, n. [Gr. x^povpyog.] A surgeon ; one 

whose profession is to heal diseases by manual operations, 

instruments, or external applications, 
t €Hi-RUR'gE-RY, n. [Gr. xapoupyta.1 Surgery. 

t CHi-RUR'Gl€-AL. \ a - Pertaining to surgery ; surgical. 

CHIS'EL, n. [Fr. ciseau.] An instrument of iron or steel, 
used either for paring wood or stone. 

CHIS'EL, v. t. To cut, gouge, or engrave with a chisel. 

CHIS'EL^D, pp. or a. Cut or engraved with a chisel. 

CHIS'EL-LNG, ppr. Cutting with a chisel. 

CHIS'LEu, n. [Heb. 1PDD.] The ninth month of the Jew- 
ish year, answering to a part of November and a part of 
December, in the modern division of the year. 

CHIT, n. [Sax. citk.] 1. A shoot or sprout. 2. A lively 
child, in familiar language. 3. A freckle, i. e., a push. 

CHIT, v. i. To sprout ; to shoot, as a seed or plant. 

CHIT'-CHAT, n. [See Chat, Chatter.] Prattle ; familiar 
or trifling talk. 

\ CHIT'TER, v. i. [Dutch citteren.] To shiver. 

CHITTER-LING, n. The frill to the breast of a shirt. 

CHITTER-LINGS, n. pi. [G. kuttel] The smaller intestines 
of swine, &c, fried for food. 

CHITTY, a. 1. Childish ; like a babe. 2. Full of chits or 
sprouts. • 

* CHIV'AL-RIC (shiv-), a. Partaking of the character of 
jmivalry. 

* CHIV'AL-ROUS (shiv'al-rus), a. Pertaining to chivalry, or 
knight-errantry ; warlike ; bold ; gallant. 

* CHIVAL-ROUS-LY, adv. In a chivalrous spirit. 

* CHIV'AL-RY (shiv'al-re), n. [Fr. chevalerie.] 1. Knight- 
hood ; a military dignity, founded on the service of sold- 
iers on horseback, called knights : a service formerly 
deemed more honorable than service in infantry. 2. The 
qualifications of a knight, as valor and dexterity in arms. 
3. The system of knighthood ; the privileges, characteris- 
tics, or manners of knights ; the practice of knight-errantry, 
or the heroic defense of life and honor. 4. An adventure 
or exploit, as of a knight. 5. The body or order of knights. 
— 6. In English law, a tenure of lands by knight's service. 

CffiVE, n. See Cive. 

CHlVES, n. pi. In botany, slender threads or filaments in 

the' blossoms of plants. 
CHLAM'Y-PHORE, ) n. [Gr.\Xa[xvi and <pepw.] A small 
CHLA-MYPH'O-RUS, 5 South American quadruped, allied 

to the armadillo, and covered with a scaly shell like a 

cloak. — Harlan. 
GHLa'MYS, n. [L. and Gr.] A tunic or loose coat worn by 

the ancients over the vest or doublet. — Elmes. 
CHLO-RA-Ce'TIC ACID, n. An acid formed by the action 

of chlorine on acetic acid. — Dana. 
CHLo'RAL, n. A liquid composed of chlorine, carbon, and 

oxygen, obtained by the action of chlorine upon alcohol. 
•GHLo'RATE, n. A compound of chloric acid with a salifi- 
able base. 
CHLo'RIC, a. Pertaining to chlorine, or obtained from it. 

— Chloric acid, that acid of chlorine and oxygen which 

contains the greatest proportion of oxygen. 
CHLo'RID, n. A term applied to combinations of chlorine, 

corresponding to the oxyds ; a non-acid combination of 

chlorine with another element. 
CHLO-RID'IC, a. Pertaining to a chlorid.— Ure. 
CHLo'RlNE, ? n. [Gr. xAwpoj.] A greenish yellow gas, ob- 
CHLo'RIN, 3 tainted from common salt. It is a powerful 

agent in disinfecting, and also in bleaching. 
CHLO-Rl'O-DlNE, ? n. A compound of chlorine and 

€HLO-RI-OD'IC ACID, ) iodine. 

CHLo'RIS, n. [Gr. ^Aw/Jos.] The greenfinch, a small bird. 
CHLo'RlTE, n. [Gr. %Awp ?.] A soft, olive-green mineral, 

consisting of mhmte scales, and somewhat soapy to the 

touch. It is allied to talc, but contains also silica, magne- 

sia,_and alumina. — Dana. 
CHLo'RlTE, n. A salt formed of chloric acid and a base. 
CHLO-RITIC, a. Pertaining to or containing chlorite ; as, 

chloritic sand. — Lyell. 
€HLo'RO-€XR-BON'I€, \a. Terms applied to a com- 
CHLo'RO-CaR'BON-OUS, 5 pound of chlorine and car- 
bonic oxyd. 
€HLO-Ro'PAL. n. A greenish, earthy mineral, consisting 

of silica and oxyd of iron —Dana. 



CHLO-RO-CY-ANTC, a. Composed of chlorine and cyano- 
gen. 

CHLO-ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. xAwpo? and nerpov.] An in- 
strument for testing the decoloring or bleaching powers 
of chlorid of lime. 

CHLO-ROM'E-TRY, n. The process for testing the bleach- 
ing power of any combination of chlorine. 

CHLo'RO-PHANE, n. [Gr. %Xu)poS and (paiva .] A variety 
of fluor spar, from Siberia. 

CHLO-ROPHjE'iTE, n. [Gr. xAwooj and (patoi-] A rare 
mineral, found in small nodules. 

CHLo'RO-PHYL, n. [Gr. %Aw/>o? and QvWov.] The green 
matter of the leaves of vegetables. 

GHLO-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. %Au)/>uj.] 1. The green sickness ; a 
disease of females, giving them a pale hue. 2. A disease 
in plants, giving them a pale hue. 

CHLO-ROTIC, a. 1. Pertaining to chlorosis. 2. Affected 
by chlorosis. 

CHLo'ROUS, a. Chlorous acid is that acid of chlorine 
and oxygen which contains the smallest proportion of 
oxygen. 

CHLO-ROX-AL'IC, a. Chloroxalic ether, an oxalic ethei 
containing chlorine instead of hydrogen. — Chloroxalic ac- 
id, a name formerly used for chloracetic acid. 

CHLo'RU-RET, n. The old name of a chlorid- 

CHoAK._ See Choke. 

€Ho'AN-lTE, n. A zoophyte of the chalk. — Mantelt. 

CHOCK, v. i. 1. To fill up a cavity (to choke) ; as, ' the 
wood-work exactly chocked into the joints." — Fuller. 2 
To encounter. See Shock. 

CHOCK, n. 1. A wedge, or something to confine a cask oi 
other body, by chocking into the space around it. [Hence 
the word chock-full, meaning completely filled. — Toda\ 
So chock up means completely up.] 2. An encounter. 
See Shock. 

CHOC'O-LATE, n. [Fr. chocolat ; Sp., Port, chocolate.] 1. A 
paste or cake composed of the roasted kernels of the ca- 
cao, with other ingredients, usually a little sugar, cinna- 
mon, or vanilla. 2. The liquor made by dissolving choc- 
olate in boiling water. 

CHOC'O-LATE-HOUSE, n. A house where company may 
be served with chocolate. 

CHOC'O-LATE-NUT. See Cacao. 

CHoDE. The old preterit of chide, which see. 

CHOICE, n. [Fr. choix.] 1. The act of choosing or select- 
ing from two or more things that which is preferred; 
election. 2. The power of choosing ; option. 3. Care in 
selecting ; as, " they were collected with judgment and 
choice." — Bacon. 4. The thing chosen ; selection. 5. The 
best part of any thing ; that which is preferable ; and prop- 
erly, the object of choice. 6. The act of electing to office 
by vote ; election. — To make choice of, to choose ; to select 
to separate and take in preference. 

CHOICE, a. 1. Worthy of being preferred ; very valuabk 

2. Holding dear ; selecting or using with care ; as, chou 
of one's time, choice as to one's company. — Syn. Select 
precious ; costly ; exquisite ; uncommon ; rare ; sparing 
frugal; chary; careful. 

CHOICE'-DRA WN, a. Selected with particular care.— Shah 

CHOICE'LESS, a. Not having the power of choosing ; nol 
free. 

CHOICELY (choisly), adv. 1. With care in choosing; 
with exact choice. 2. Valuably ; excellently ; preferably ; 
curiously. 3. With great care ; carefully. 

CHOICE'NESS (chois'ness), n. Valuableness ; particular 
value or worth. 

* CHOIR (kw!re\ n. [L. chorus.] 1. A collection of singers, 
especially in divine service, in a church. 2. Any collec- 
tion of elngera. 3. That part of a church appropriated for 
the singers. 4. That part of a cathedral or collegiate 
church eastward of the nave, and separated from it usual- 
ly by a screen of open work, corresponding to the chancel 
in parish churches. — 5. In nunneries, a large hall adjoining 
to the body of the church, separated by a grate, where the 
nuns sing the office. 

CHOIR'-SER'VlCE (kwire-), n. The service of singing per- 
formed by a choir. 

CHoKE, v. t. [Sax. aceocan.] 1. To stop the passage of the 
breath, by filling the windpipe, or compressing the neck ; 
to suffocate ; to strangle. 2. To stop by filling ; to ob- 
struct; to block up; as, to choke up a road or harbor. 

3. To hinder by obstruction or impediments ; to hinder 
or check growth, expansion, or progress ; as, to choke the 
growth of plants. 4. To smother or suffocate, as fire. 
5. To suppress, or stifle ; as, to choke the strong concep- 
tion. — Shak. 6. To offend; to cause to take an excep- 
tion. 

CHoKE, v. i. 1. To have the windpipe stopped. 2. To be 
offended ; to take exceptions. 

CHoKE, n. The filamentous or capillary part of the arti- 
choke. 

CHoKE'-CF^R-RY, n. The popular name of a species of 
wild cherrv, remarkable for its astringent qualities. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, £, i, & c ., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE. BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



CHO 



171 



CHO 



CHoKE'-DAMP, n. Noxious vapor (carbonic acid gas) in 
wells, coal mines, and other pits. 

CHoKE'-FULL, a. Full as possible ; quite full.— Todd. 

CHoKE'-PEaR, n. 1. A kind of pear that has a rough, as- 
tringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty. 2. An as- 
persion or sarcasm by which a person is put to sDence ; 
[a low term.] 

CHoKE'-VVEED, n. A plant so called. 

CHoKED (chokt), pp. or a. Suffocated ; strangled ; ob- 
structed by filling ; stifled ; suppressed ; smothered. 

CHoKTNG, ppr. or a. Suftbcating ; strangling. 

CHoK'ER, n. One who chokes another ; one who puts an- 
other to silence ; that which can not be answered. 

CHoKT, a. That tends to or has power to suffocate. 

€HOL'A-GOGUE (kol'a-gog), n. [Gr. xo^yayo;.] A medi- 
cine that has the specific quality of evacuating the bile. 

CHOL'ER, n. [L. cholera.] 1. The bile. 2. Anger ; wrath ; 
irritation of the passions. 

€HOL'ER-A, n. A sudden evacuation of the alimentary 
canal, both upward and downward ; popularly called 
cholera morbus. 

CHOLTSR-A AS-PHYXl-A, n. A disease differing from or- 
dinary cholera morbus, in a more rapid progress, produc- 
ing more violent spasms, cessation of pulse, and speedy 
death ; also called Asiatic cholera. 

€HOL'ER-I€, a. 1. Abounding with choler. 2. Easily ir- 
ritated ; irascible ; petulant ; peevish ; angry. 

€HOL'ER-I€-NESS, n. Irascibility ; anger ; peevishness. 

CHO-LESTER-IC, a. Pertaining to cholesterine, or obtained 
from it. 

€HO-LES'TER-lNE, n. [Gr. X o*v and ortutos.] A fatty 
substance resembling spermaceti, found in the bile and 
biliary concretions. 

€HO-LI-AM'BI€, n. [L. choliambi.] A verse in poetry hav- 
ing an iambic foot in the fifth place, and a spondee in the 
sixth or last 

CHoL'TRY, n. A Hindoo caravansary, or empty house for 
the use of travelers. 

€HON'DRO-DiTE, n. A light-yellow, brittle mineral, oc- 
curring disseminated through primary limestone. It is 
sometimes brownish, reddish, or apple-green, and consists 
of silica, flourine, and magnesia. 

CHON-DROL'O-OY, n. [Gr. X ove~poS and \oyos.] The his- 
tory of cartilages. 

CHON-DROP-TE-RYgI-AN, n. [Gr. %ow5/)o f and nrepv.] A 
term applied to an order of fishes, characterized by the 
gristly nature of the spines which support the fins. 

€HON-DROP-TE-RYG'I-AN, a. Having gristly fins. 

CHOOSE, v. t. ; pret. chose ; pp. chosen, chose. [Sax. ceosan ; 
D. kiezen.] 1. To pick out ; to take by way of preference 
from two or more things offered ; to make choice of. 
2. To take in preference, or as the object of choice. 3. To 
elect for eternal happiness ; to predestinate to life. 4. To 
elect or designate to office or employment by votes or 
suffrages. — Syn. To select ; prefer ; elect ; adopt ; follow. 

CHOOSTE, v. i. 1. To prefer ; as, I choose to go. 2. To have 
the power of choice. 

CHOOS'ER, n. He who chooses ; he who has the power or 
right of choosing ; an elector. 

CHOOSING, ppr. Selecting ; taking in preference ; electing. 

CHOOSING, n. Choice ; election.— Choosing notes, in mu- 
sic, a term applied to two or more notes, either of which 
may be taken, at the option of the performer. 

CHOOSTNG-LY, adv. By choosing. 

CHOP, n. 1. In China, a permit, or stamp. 2. A Chinese 
word signifying quality ; as, silk or goods of the first chop. 

('HOP, v. t. [Ger. and D. happen.] 1. To cut off or separate, 
by striking with a sharp instrument, either by a single 
blow or by repeated blows. 2. To cut into small pieces ; 
to mince. 3. To grind and mince with the teeth ; to de- 
vour eagerly : with up. 4. To break or open into chinks 
or fissures ; to crack ; to chap. See Chap. 

tCHOP, v. i. 1. To catch or attempt to seize with the 
mouth. 2. To light or fall on suddenly.— To chop in, to 
become modish. — To chop out, to give vent to. 

CHOP, v. t. [Sax. ceapian, cypan.] 1. To buy, or, rather, to 
barter, truck, exchange. 2. To exchange ; to put one 
thing in the place of another. 3. To bandy ; to altercate ; 
to return one word or thing for another ; [obsolete.] 

CHOP, v. i. To turn, vary, change, or shift suddenly ; as, 
the wind chopped round. 

CHOP, n. 1. A piece chopped off; a small piece of meat. 
2. A crack or cleft. 3. The chap ; the jaw : pi. the jaws ; 
the mouth; the sides of a river's mouth or channel. 
See Chap. 

CHOP'-CHURCH, n. An exchange or an exchanger of 
benefices. 

CHOP'-FALL-EN (-fawl-n), a. Dejected; dispirited. 

CHOP'-HGUSE, n. A house where provision, ready dressed, 
is sold. 

* CHOPTN, n. [Ft. chopine.] A liquid measure in France. 
— In Scotland, a quart of wine measure. 

CHOPPED (chopt),#p. or a. Cut; minced. 



CHOP'PER, n. A butcher's cleaver. 

CHOP'PING, ppr. Cutting; mincing; buying; bartering. 

CHOP'PING, a. Stout ; lusty ; plump. 

CHOP'PING, n. [Sp. chapin.] 1. A hish-heeled shoe, worn 
by ladies in Italy. [See Chioppine.] 2. A cutting; a 
mincing : from chop. 

CHOP'PING-BLOCK, n. A block on which any thing is 
laid to be chopped. 

CHOPTING-KNiFE, n. A knife for mincing meat. 

CHOP'PY, a. Full of clefts or cracks.—- Shak. 

CHOPS. See Chop. 

CHOP'STICKS, n. pi. Two small sticks of wood, ivorj 
&c, held by the Chinese between the thumb and fingers, 
and used to convey food to the mouth. 

CHO-RAGIC; a. Pertaining to the choragus. 

€HO-Ra'GUS, n. [Gr. xopnyog.] In Athens, a term applied 
to those who superintended a musical or theatrical enter- 
tainment, and provided a chorus at their own expense. 

CHo'RAL, a. [from chorus.] 1. Belonging to or composing 
a choir or concert. 2. Singing in a choir. 

€Ho'RAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a chorus. 

CHORD (kord), n. [L. chorda.] 1. The string of a musical 
instrument. — 2. In music, the combination of two or more 
sounds uttered at the same time, according to the laws of 
harmony. — 3. In geometry, a right line drawn or supposed 
to extend from one end of an arc of a circle to the other. 

CHORD, v. t. To string.— Dryden. 

CHORD'ED, pp. Strung ; furnished with strings. 

CHORD-EE', n. In medicine and surgery, a painful erection 
of the penis, under which it is considerably curved. 

CHORDTNG, ppr. Furnishing with strings. 

CHORE (tshore), n. [Eng. char.] In America, this word de- 
notes small work of a domestic kind, as distinguished from 
the principal woi k of the day. See Char. 

€H5R-E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. [Gr. X w/>os and emano^os.] Per 
taming to the power of a suffragan, or local bishop. 

t €HoR : E-PIS'CO-PUS, n. A suffragan, or local bishop. 

CHO-RE'US, 1 n. [Gr. xopeiog.] In ancient poetry, a foot of 

CHO-REE', 3 two syllables, the first long, and the second 
short ; the trochee. 

CHo'RI-AMB, \n. [Gr. xoP £ir >S ajl ^ la^Sos.] In ancient 

CHO-RI-AM'BUS, 5 poetry, a foot consisting of four sylla- 
bles, of which the first and last are long, and the others 
short. 

€HO-RI-AM'BIC, n. A choriamb. 

€HO-RI-AM'BI€, a. Pertaining to a choriamb. — Mason. 

CHo'RI-ON, n. [Gr. xoPioi, or xufiov.] In anatomy, the 
exterior membrane which invests the fetus in utero. 

CHoltlST, n. [Ft. choriste.] A singer in a choir. 

* CHOR'IST-ER, n. 1. Literally, a singer; one of a choir; 
a singer in a concert. 2. One who leads a choir in church 
music. [This is the sense in the United States.] 

CHO-ROG'RA-PHER n. A person who describes a partic- 
ular region or country ; or one who forms a map of par- 
ticular countries. 

CHO-RO-GRAPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to chorography ; 
descriptive of particular regions or countries ; laying 
down or marking the bounds of particular countries. 

CHO-RO-GRAPH'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a chorographical man- 
ner ; in a manner descriptive of particular regions. 

CHO-ROCRA-PHY, n. [Gr. X wf)ic.] The art or practice of 
making a ma}) or description of a particular region, coun- 
try, or province; or of marking its limits, bounds, or 
position. 

CHo'BOlD, n. [Gr. x°f Jl0v an( ^ «&>?•] hi anatomy, a term 
applied to several parts of the body that resemble the 
chorion, as the second coat of the eye, &c. 

CHo'RUS, n. [L. chorus.] 1. A company of persons sing- 
ing in concert ; hence, a piece performed by a whole 
company in concert. — 2. In the ancient drama, persons who 
are supposed to behold what passes in the acts of a piece, 
and sing their sentiments between the acts. 3. The song 
between the acts of a piece. 4. Verses of a song in which 
the company join the singer ; or the union of a company 
with a singer, in repeating certain couplets or verses, at 
certain periods in a song. 5. A musical composition of 
two or more parts. 

CHOSE (shoze), n. [Ft. thing.] In law, property. Chose in 
action, property which a person has not in possession, but 
has a right to sue for, as a debt. 

CHoSE, pret. and pp. of choose. 

CHo'SEN (cho'zn), pp. 1. Selected from a number ; picked 
out ; taken in preference ; elected ; predestinated ; desig- 
nated to office. 2. a. Select; distinguished by prefer- 
ence; eminent. 

cHoU'ANS (shoo'anz), n. pi. Royalist insurgents on the 
River Loire, during the French Revolution^ They were 
mostly brigands. — Brande. 

CHOUGH (chufl'). n. [Ft. choucag.] Cornish though, a bird 
of the crow family, also called red-billed jackdaw. 

CH5ULE. See Jowl. 

CH SULTRY. See Choltry. 

CHOUSE, v. t. To cheat, trick, defraud.— Swift. [Vulgar.] 



D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; & as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



CHR 



172 



CHR 



CHOUSE, n. One who is easily cheated ; a tool ; a simple- 
ton. A trick ; sham ; imposition. 

CHOUSED (choust), pp. Cheated; defrauded; imposed on. 

CHOUSING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. 

CHOWDER, n. In New England, a dish of fiiih boiled with 
biscuit, salt pork, &c. 

CHOWDER, v. t. To make a chowder. 

CHOWTER, v. i. To grumble like a frog or a froward 
child. — Phillips. 

CHRE-MA-TISTICS, n. [Gr. xpwara. The science of 
wealth ; a branch of political economy. 

GHRESTOM'A-THY, n. [ Gr. xp^To/iadaa.] A book of ex- 
tracts useful in learning a language. 

CHRISM (krizm), n. [Gr. xP^l^a-] Unguent ; unction ; 
consecrated oil used in sacred ceremonies. 

CHRIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to chrism. — Brevint. 

CHRIS-Ma'TION, n. The act of applying the chrism, or 
consecrated oiL 

€HRIS'MA-TO-RY, n. A vessel to hold the oil for chrism. 

CHRIS'OM, n. [See Chrism.] A child that dies within a 
month after its birth ; so called from the chrisom-cloth. 
Also, the cloth itself. 

CHRIST, n. [Gr. Xpicrros.] The Anointed ; an appella- 
tion given to the Savior of the world, and synonymous 
with the Hebrew Messiah. 

CHRi'ST'-CROSS-Ro W (kris'kros-ro'), n. An old term for 
the alphabet, probably from the cross usually set before 
it.— -Whitlock. 

CHRlST'S'-THORN, n. The rhamnus paliurus, said to be 
the plant which furnished the crown of thorns. 

CHRIST.EN (kris'sn), v. t. [Sax. Cristnian.] 1. To baptize, 
or, rather, to baptize and name ; to initiate into the visible 
Church of Christ by the application of water. 2. To 
name : sometimes applied to things. 

CHRISTEN-D6M (kris'sn-dum), n. [Sax. Cristendom.] 1. 
The countries or regions inhabited by Christians ; particu- 
larly, all countries under Christian sovereigns and institu- 
tions. 2. The whole body of Christians. 3. Christianity ; 
the Christian religion ; [unusual.] 

CHRISTENED (kris'snd), pp. Baptized and named ; ini- 
tiated into Christianity. 

CHRIST.EN-ING, ppr. Baptizing and naming. 

CHRISTENING, n. The act or ceremony of baptizing 
and naming ; initiation into the Christian religion. 

CHRISTIAN (krisf yan), n. [Gr. xptartavog ; L. Christianus.] 
• 1. A professor of his belief in the religion of Christ. 2. A 
real disciple of Christ ; a believer in Christ who is char- 
acterized by real piety. — 3. In a general sense, the word 
Christians includes all who are born in a Christian coun- 
try, or of Christian parents. 

CHRISTIAN, a. Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or re- 
ceived from him. 2. Professing the religion of Christ. 
3. Belonging to the religion of Christ ; relating to Christ, 
or to his doctrines, precepts, and example. 4. Pertaining 
to the Church ; ecclesiastical. 

t CHRISTIAN, v. t. To baptize.— Fulke. 

CHRlSTIAN-LlKE, a. Becoming a Christian. 

CHRISTIAN-NaME, n. The name given in baptism, as 
distinct from the surname. 

CHRISTIAN-ISM, n. [Gr. xpioTtavionos.] 1. The Christian 
religion. 2. The nations professing Christianity. 

CHRISTIAN-lTE, n. The same as anorthite, which see. 

CHRIS-TlAN'I-TY (krist-yan'e-te), n. The religion of Christ- 
ians ; or, the system of doctrines and precepts taught by 
Christ, and recorded by the evangelists and apostles. 

CHRIS-TIAN-J-ZA'TION, n. The act of Christianizing. 

CHRISTIAN-lZE, v. t. To convert to Christianity. 

CHRIST IAN-IZED, pp. or a. Converted to Christianity. 

CHRISTIAN-IZ-ING, ppr. Converting to Christianity. 

CHRISTIAN-LY, adv. In a Christian manner. 

CHRISTIAN-NESS, n. The profession of Christianity. 

t CHRIS-TIAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. A description of Christian 
nations. 

CHRTSTLESS, a. Having no interest in Christ^-C7t. Spec. 

CHRISTMAS (krisftnas), n. [Christ and mass; Sax. massa; 
D. kersmis.} 1. The festival of the Christian Church, ob- 
served annually on the 25th day of December, in memory 
cf the birth of Christ. 2. Christmas-day. 

CHRISTMAS-BOX, n. 1. A box in which little presents 
are deposited at Christmas. 2. The presents themselves. 

CHRISTMAS-DaY, n. The 25th day of December. 

CHRISTMAS-FLOW-ER, n. Hellebore. 

CHRlSTMAS-RoSE, n. A plant of the genus helleborus. 

CHRIS-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. xpinroi and \oyos-] A discourse 
or treatise concerning Christ. 

CHRO-AS'TA-CeS, n. [Gr. xpoa-\ In natural history, a ge- 
nusof pellucid gems. 

CIIRo MATE, n. A salt or compound formed by the chro- 
mic acid with a base. 

CHRO-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. ^u^m/cos.] 1. Relating to color. 
2. Noting a particular species of music, which proceeds 
by several semitones in succession. 

CHRO-MAT'IC, n. A kind of music that proceeds by sev- 



eral consecutive semitones : or it denotes accidental sen> 



CHRO-MAT1C-AL-LY, adv. In the chromatic manner, 

CHRO-MAT'ICS, n. The science of colors. 

€HRO-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. xp^pa and ypa^.] A 
treatise on colors. 

CHR5ME, In. [Gr. xpw^a.l A grayish-white, brittle 

CHRo'MI-UM, 3 metal, remarkable for the variety and 
beauty of its colored preparations. 

CHRo'MIC, a. Pertaining to chrome. — Chromic yellow, the 
artificial chromate of lead, a beautiful pigment. 

CHRONIC, )a. [Fr. chronique.] Continuing a long 

CHRON'I€-AL, 3 time, as a disease. A chronic disease is 
one which is inveterate, or of long continuance, in dis- 
tinction from an acute disease, which speedily terminates. 

CHRON'I-CLE, n. 1. A historical account or register of 
facts or events disposed in the order of time. — 2. In a 
more general sense, a history. 3. That which contains his- 
tory. — 4. Chronicles, pi. Two canonical books of the OJd 
Testament. 

CHRON'I-CLE, v. t. To record in history, or chronicle ; to 
record ; to register. 

CHRON'I-CLED (kron'e-kld), pp. Recorded ; registered. 

CHRON'1-CLER, n. A writer of a chronicle ; a recorder 
of events in the order of time ; a historian. 

CHRON'I-CLING, ppr. Recording. 

CHRON'IQUE (kron'ik), n. A chronicle.— Addison. 

CHRON'O-GRAM, >n. [Gr. xpovos and ypaupa.] An In- 

CHRON'O-GRAPH, 3 scription in which a certain date 
or epoch is expressed by numeral letters, as in the motto 
of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632 : 
ChrlstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs. 

CHRON-O-GRAM-MAT'IG, ? a. Belonging t;o a chrono 

CHRON-O-GRAM-MATIC-AL, 3 gram, or containing one. 

CHRON-O-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of chronograms. 

CHRO-NOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. xpovos and v/9a«/»w.] One 
who writes concerning time or the events of time ; a chro- 
nologer. 

CHRO"~-NOG'RA-PHY, n. The description of time past. 

CHRO-NOL'O-GER, \ n. 1. A person who attempts to dis- 

CHRO-NOL'O-GIST, 3 cover the true dates of past events 
and transactions, and to arrange them under their proper 
years. 2. One who studies chronology, or is versed in 
the science. 

CHRO-NO-LOG'IC, \a. Relating to chronology; con- 

€HRO-NO-LOg'I€-AL, 3 taining an account of events in 
the order of time ; according to the order of time. 

CHRO-NO-LOg'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a chronological man- 
ner ; in a manner according with the order of time, the 
series of events, or rules of chronology. 

CHRO-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. xpovoXoyta.] The science of time, 
the method of ascertaining the true periods or years when 
past events took place, and arranging them in their proper 
order, according to their dates. — A. Holmes. 

CHRO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. xpovoi and ^rfiov.] Any in- 
strument that measures time, or that divides time into 
equal portions, or that is used for that purpose, as a clock, 
watch, or dial ; particularly, an instrument that measures 
time with great exactness. Chronoscope is now rarely 
used. — To rate a chronometer, is to ascertain the exact 
rate of its gain or loss, as compared with true time, for 
the sake of making a due allowance in computations de 
pendent thereon. 

CHRO-NO-MET'RIC, \ a. Pertaining to a chronometer • 

CHRO-NO-MET'RIC-AL, 3 measured by a chronometer. 

CHRO-NOM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring time ; th* 
measuring of time by periods or divisions. 

CHRYS'A-LID, a. Pertaining to a chrysalis. — J. M. Good 

CHRYS'A-LID, n. A chrysalis, which see. 

CHRYS'A-LIS (kris'a-lis), n. ; pi. Chrys-ai/i-des. [L. chrys- 
alis; Gr. xpwaXXis.] The particular form which butter- 
flies, moths, and some other insects assume before they 
arrive at their winged or perfect state. 

CHRYS'O-BER-YL, n. [Gr. xpvcos and fapvXhov.] A yel- 
lowish-green gem, next to sapphire in hardness, consisting 
of alumina and the earth glucina. — Dana. 

CHRYS'O-CHLORE. n. [Gr. xpvcos and %Xo)/)o?.] A species 
of mole at the Cape of Good Hope, the fur of which re- 
flects most brilliant metallic hues of green and gold. 

CHRYS'O-COL-LA, n. [Gr. xP^aoKoWa.} A name given by 
the Greeks to borax, and, also, to the green and blue car- 
bonate of copper. 

CHRYS-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. X pv™S and ypaipr,.] A writ- 
ing in letters of gold. 

CHRYS'O-LITE, n. [Gr. xpvcos and Xidog.] A mineral of 1 
yellowish or greenish color, of but little hardness, and not 
much prized in jewelry. — Olivin is a variety of a bottle- 
green color. 

CHRYS-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. xpvoos and \oyos.] That branch 
of political economy which relates to the production of 
wealth. 

CHRYS'O-PRASE, n. [Gr. xpvcoirpaoos.] A mineral, a va- 
riety of quartz. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, t 



-A, E, I, &c, short— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



CHU 



> ;3 



GIB 



CHUB, v. A riper fish, called, also, cheven, of tne yenus 

cyprinns. 
CHUB'-FaCED (-f&8te), a. Having a plump, round face. 

CHUB'BY ' \ a - Like a chub ; short and thick- 

CHUB'BED-NESS, n. The state of being chubby. 

CHUCK, v. i. To make the noise of a hen or partridge, 
when she calls her chickens. 

CHU€K, v. t. To call, as a hen her chickens. 

CHU€K, v. i. To jeer ; to laugh. See Chuckle. 

CHUCK, v. t. [Fr. choquer.] 1. To strike, or give a gentle 
blow. 2. To throw, with quick motion, a short distance ; 
to pitch ; [vulgar.] 

CHUCK, n. 1. The voice or call of a hen. 2. A sudden, 
small noise. 3. A word of endearment, corrupted from 
chick, chicken. 4. A slight blow under the chin. 

CHUCK'-FAR-THING, n. A play, in which a farthing is 
pitched into a hole. 

CHUCK-HOLE, n. A steep hole in a wagon rut. [Local] 

CHUCK'LE, v. t. 1. To call, as a hen her chickens. 2. To 
fondle ; to cocker. 

CHUCK'LE, n. A short, broken, and suppressed laugh. 

CHUCK'LE, v. i. [Ch. -pn, chuk.] To laugh in a suppressed 
or broken manner ; to feel inward triumph or exultation. 

CHUCK'LE-HeAD (chukl-hed), n. A person with a large 
head ; a dunce. — Knowles. Bailey says, a rattling, noisy, 
empty fellow ; [vulgar.] 

CHUCK'LE-HeAD'ED, a. Large or thick headed.— Smart. 

CHUCKLING, n. Suppressed laughter; inward triumph 
or exultation. 

t CHUD, v. t. To champ ; to bite.— Stafford. 

CHu'ET, n. Forced meat. — Bacon. 

CHUFF, n. A clown ; a coarse, heavy, dull, or surly fellow. 

CHUFF'I-LY, adv. In a rough, surly manner ; clownishly. 

CHUFF'I-NESS, n. Surliness. 

CHUFF'Y, a. Originally, fat or swelled out, especially in 
the cheeks ; as, a chuffy lad. — Rich. Diet. Hence, figura- 
tively, surly ; angry ; stomachful. In New England, this 
word expresses that displeasure which causes a swelling 
or surly look and grumbling, rather than heat and violent 
expressions of anger ; used in Sussex and Hants, Eng. 

CHUK, n. [Pers.] A word used in calling swine. 

CHUM, n. [Arm. chomm.] A chamber-fellow ; one who re- 
sides in the same room ; [a word used in colleges.] 

CHUM, v. i. [from the noun.] To occupy a chamber with 
another ; [used in American colleges.] 

CHUMP, n. A short, thick, heavy piece of wood, less than 
a block. — Johnson. 

CHU-NAM', n. The name in India for lime, and hence 
stucco, &c. — Malcom. 

CHUNK, n. A short, thick block, or bit of wood, metal, &c. 
[Local in England; colloquial in America.] 

CHURCH, n. [Sax. circe, circ, or cyric ; Scots, kirk.] 1. A 
house consecrated to the worship of God, among Christ 
ians ; the Lord's house. 2. The collective body of Christ- 
tians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ. In 
this sense, the Church is sometimes called the catholic or 
universal Church. 3. The collective body of saints in 
heaven and on earth, called the invisible Church. 4. A 
particular number of Christians, united under one form 
of ecclesiastical government, in one creed, and using the 
same ritual and ceremonies. 5. The followers of Christ 
in a particular city or province. 6. The disciples of Christ 
assembled for worship in a particular place, as in a private 
house. 7. The worshipers of Jehovah, or the true God, 
before the advent of Christ. 8. The body of clergy, or 
ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. Hence, ecclesi- 
astical authority. 9. An assembly of sacred rulers, con- 
vened in Christ's name, to execute his laws. 10. The col- 
lective body of Christians, who have made a public profes- 
sion of the Christian religion, and who are united under 
the same pastor, in distinction from those who belong to 
the same parish, or ecclesiastical society, but have made 
no profession of their faith. 

CHURCH, v. t. To perform with any one the office of re- 
turning thanks in the church, after any signal deliverance, 
as from the dangers of childbirth. 

CHURCH'-aLE, n. A wake or feast commemoratory of 
the dedication of the church. 

CHURCH'-AT-TTRE', n. The habit in which men officiate 
in divine service. 

CHURCH'-AU-THOR'I-TY, n. Ecclesiastical power ; spir- 
itual jurisdiction. 

CHURCH'-BENCH, n. The seat in the porch of a church. 

CHURCH'-BU-RI-AL (church'-ber-ry-al), n. Burial accord- 
ing to the rites of the Church. 

CHURCH'-DlS'CI-PLiNE, n. Discipline of the Church, in- 
tended to correct the offenses of its members. 

CHURCH'-FOUND'ER, n. He who builds or endows a 
church. — Hooker. 

CHURCH'-Go-ER, n. One who usually goes to church. 

CHURCH'-Go-ING, a. Usually attending church. 

OHURCH'-HISTO-RY, n. History of the Christian Church. 



CHURCH'-LAND, n. Land belonging to a church. 
CHURCH'-LIV'ING, n. A benefice in an established church 
CHURCH'-MEM'BER, n. A member in communion with 

a church ; a professor of religion. 
CHURCH'-MEM'BER-SHIP, n. State of being a church 

member. 
CHURCH'-MO'SIG, n. 1. The service of singing or chant 

ing in a church. 2. Music suited to church service. 
CHURCH'-PRE-FER'MENT, n. Benefice or advancement 

in the church. 
CHURCH'-WAR'DEN, n. A keeper or guardian of the 

church, and a representative of the parish. 
CHURCH'-WIY, n. Tne way, street, or road that leads to 

the church. 
CHURCH-W6RK, n. Work carried on slowly.— Chalmers. 
CHURCH'-YaRD, n. The ground adjoining to a church, 

in which the dead are buried ; a cemetery. 
CHURCH'DOM, n. The government c-r authority of the 

church. 
CHURCHING, n. The act of offering thanks in church af 

ter childbirth. 
CHURCH'LlKE, a. Becoming the church. 
CHURCHMAN, n. 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman; one 

who ministers in sacred things. 2. An Episcopalian, as 

distinguished from a Presbyterian or Congregationalism. 

&c. 
CHURCH'MAN-SHIP, n. State of being a churchman, or 

of belonging to the Episcopal Church. — Ec. Rev. 
CHURCH'SHIP, n. Institution of the Church. 
CHURL, n. [Sax. cecrl.] 1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man. 2. 

A rustic, or laborer. 3. A miser ; a niggard. 
CHURL'ISH, a. 1. Rude; surly; austere; sullen; rough 

in temper ; unfeeling ; uncivil. 2. Selfish ; narrow-mind- 
ed; avaricious. 3. Unphant; unyielding; cross-grained; 

harsh; unmanageable. 4. Hard; firm. 5. Obstinate. 
CHURL'ISH-LY, adv. Rudely ; roughly ; in a churlish 

manner. 
CHURL'ISH-NESS, n. Rudeness of manners ; sullenness ; 

austerity ; indisposition to kindness or courtesy. 
CHURL'Y, a. Rude ; boisterous. 

t CHURME, ) n. [Sax. cyrm.] Noise ; clamor, or confused 
CHiRM, i noise. — Bacon. 
CHURN, n. [Sax. ciern.] A vessel in which cream or mink 

is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous 

and serous parts, to make butter. 
CHURN, v. t. 1. To stir or agitate cream for making but 

ter. 2. To shake or agitate with violence or continued 

motion, as in the operation of making butter. 
CHURN'-STaFF, n. The staff or instrument used in chum 

ing. 
CHURN-ED, pp. or a. Agitated ; made into butter. 
CHURNING, ppr. Agitating to make butter ; shaking ; stir 

ring. 
CHURNTNG, n. 1. The operation of making butter from 

cream by agitation; a shaking or stirring. 2. As much 

butter as is made at one operation. 
CHURR'WoRM (-wurm), n. [Sax. cyrran.] An insect that 

turns about nimbly, called, also, afancricket. 
CHuSE. See Choose. 

CHu'SlTE, n. A decomposed variety of chrysolite. 
CHUTE (shiite), n. [Fr.] A fall. 
CHY-AZ'IC, a. [from the initials of carbon, hydrogen, and 

azote.] A term applied to the compounds of hydrocyanic- 
acid. _ 
CHY-La'CEOUS, a. Belonging to, or consisting of, chyle. 
■GHYLE, n. [Gr. %uAo?.] In animal bodies, a white or milky 

fluid, prepared from the chyme, and passing into the 

blood as the means of nutrition. 
CHYL-I-F ACTION, n. [chyle, and L. facio.) The act or 

process by which chyle is formed from food in animal 

bodies. 
€HYL-I-FA€'TlVE, a. Forming or changing into chyle ; 

having the power to make chyle, 
f CHYL-I-FI-Ca'TO-RY, a. Making chyle. 
CHY-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. chylus and fero.] Bearing or 

transmitting chyle. 
CHY-LO-PO-ET'lG, a. [%uXoJ and ttouco.] Chylifactive ; 

having the power to change into chyle ; making chyle. 
CHyL'OUS, a. Consisting of chyle, or partaking of it 
CHYME (kime), n. [Gr. %t^o?.] That particular modifica- 
tion which food assumes after it has undergone the action 

of the stomach. 
CHYM'IC, ) 

CHYM'IST, > See Chemical, Chemist, Chemistey. 
CHYM'iS-TRY, > 
€HYM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The process of becoming or being 

formed into chyle. 
CHYMTFY, v. [L. chymus and facio. | To form or become 

chyme. 
CHyM'OIIS, a. Pertaining to chyme. 
CI-Ba'RI-OUS, a. [L. cibarius.] Pertaining to food • useful 

for food ; edible. 
CIB'OL, n. [Fr. ciboult , L. cepula.] A sort of small onion. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



C1M 



174 



CIR 



CI-Bo'RI-UM, Tu. [L.] 1. In architecture, an insulated arched 
vault on four columns. 2. The coffer containing the host 
in Roman Catholic ceremonies. 3. The tomb of a mar- 
tyr, sculptured and used as an altar. 4. Any insulated 
tabernacle. 5. A large drinking cup. 6. The Egyptian 
bean. 

C1-€a'DA, n. [L.] A term applied to a group of insects of 
many species, living on trees or shrubs, and celebrated 
for their shrill chirp, embracing the tree-hoppers, frog- 
hoppers, &c. In America, they are called locusts. 

CIC'A-TRIC-LE (sik'a-trik-1), n. JL. cicatricula.] The germi- 
nating or fetal point in the embryo of a seed or the yolk 
of an egg. 

CI€'A-TRi-Sl VE, a. Tending to promote the formation of 
a cicatrix. 

CI-Cl'TRIX, ~)n. [L. cicatrix; Fr. cicatrice.] A scar; a 

CICA-TRICE, ) little seam or elevation of flesh remaining 
after a wound or ulcer is healed. 

CI€'A-TRl-ZANT, n. A medicine or application that pro- 
motes the formation of a cicatrix. 

€I€-A-TRI-Za'TION, n. The process of healing or forming 
a cicatrix; or the state of being healed, cicatrized, or 
skinned over. 

CIC'A-TRIZE, v. t. To heal, or induce the formation of a 
cicatrix in wounded or ulcerated flesh, or to apply medi- 
cines for that purpose. 

CIC'A-TRiZE, v. i. To heal or be healed; to skin over ; as, 
wounded flesh cicatrizes. 

CICA-TRIZ.ED, pp. or a. Healed, as wounded flesh ; hav- 
ing a cicatrix formed. 

CICA-TRlZ-ING, ppr. Healing; skinning over ; forming a 
cicatrix. 

CIC E-LY, n. A plant, a species of cluzrophyllum. See, also, 
Sweet-Cicely. 

CIC-E-Ro'NE (che-che-ro'ne or sis-e-r6'ne), n. [It., from Cic- 
ero.] A guide ; one who shows strangers the curiosities 
of a place. — Addison. 

CIC-E-Ro'NI-AN, a. Resembling Cicero. 

CIC-E-Ro'NI-AN-ISM, n. Imitation or resemblance of the 
6tyle or action of Cicero. 

CICH-O-Ra'CEOUS (-shus), a. [from L. cichoriwm.] Having 
the qualities of succory. 

CI-CIS'BE-ISM, n. The state or conduct of a cicisbeo. 

CIC-IS-BE'O (che-chis-ba'o or se-sisTje-o), n. [It.] A dangler 
about females ; the professed gallant of a married woman. 

CI€'U-RaTE, v. t. [L. cicuro.] To tame ; to reclaim from 
wildness. [Little used.] 

CI€-U-Ra'TION, n. The act of taming wild animals. [Rare.] 

CI-€u'TA, n. [L. cicuta.] The cow-bane, a genus of poison- 
ous plants, including water-hemlock ; also, the plant and 
the ancient poison called hemlock. See Hemlock, Nos. 1 
and 3. 

CID, n. [Ar. seid, lord.] The name of an epic poem of the 
Spaniards. 

ClTJER, n. [Fr. cidre, or sidre.] The juice of apples ex- 
pressed, a liquor used for drink. The word was former- 
ly used to signify also other strong liquors. 

Cl'DER-IST, n. A maker of cider.— Mortimer. 

Cl'DER-KIN, n. The liquor made of the gross matter of 
apples, after the cider is pressed out. 

Ci BE- VaNT' (se de-vang^. [Fr.] Formerly ; used to desig- 
nate men who have been in office, and retired from it. 

ClEL'INGf See Ceiling. 

CIeRgE, n. [Fr.] A wax candle used in religious rites. 

CI-GAR', n. [Sp. cigarro.] A small roll of tobacco, so form- 
ed as to be tubular, used for smoking. 

CIL'ER-Y, n. The drapery or foliage carved on the heads 
of columns. — Gwilt. 

CIL'I-A, n.pl. [L.] 1. The eyelids. — 2. In botany, long hairs 
on the margin of a vegetable body. — 3. In zoology, very 
minute filaments which project from animal membranes, 
and have the form of vibratory motion. 

CIL/IA-RY, a. [L. cilium.] Belonging to the eyelids; per- 
taining to the cilia in animals or vegetables. 

CIL1-ATE, \a. In botany, furnished or surrounded with 

CIL1-A-TED, 5 parallel filaments, or bristles, resembling 
the hairs of the eyelids. 

CI-LI"CIOUS (se-lish'us), a. Made or consisting of hair. 

CIL'I-O-GRADE, a. or n. A term applied to animals which 

_swim by means of cilia, as the sea nettle. 
Cl'MA. See Cyma. 
CI-MaR'. See Chimere, and Simar. 
CIM'BAL, n. [It. ciambella.] A kind of cake. 
CIM'BRIC, a. Pertaining to the Cimbri. 
CIM'BRIC, n. The language of the Cimbri. 
\ CIMe'LI-aRCH, n. [Gr. tceinvhos and apxos- The chief 
keeper of the things of value belonging to a church. — Diet. 
C'IM'E-TER, n. [Fr. cimiterre ; Sp. and Port, cimitarra ; It. 
scimitarra.] A shr rt sword with a convex edge or re- 
curvated point, usjd by the Persians and Turks. 
CFMISS, n. [L. cimez.] The bedbug. 
CIM-Me'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cimmerium. 
CIMO-LlTE, n. [Gr. KiyioXia.] A species of clay, used by 



the ancients as a remedy for erysipelas and other inflam- 
mations. 

CIN-GHo'NA, n. [named from the Countess del Cinchon.] 
The Peruvian bark tree, quinquina, of numerous species. 

CIN-CHo'NI-NA, f n. An alkaloid obtained from the bark 

CIN'€HO-NlNE, > of cinchona, and one of its medicinal 

CIN-GHo'NI-A, ) active principles. 

CINCTURE (sinkt'yur), n. [L. cinctura.] 1. A belt, a gir- 
dle, or something worn round the body. 2. That which 
encompasses, or incloses. — 3. In architecture, a ring or list 
at the top and bottom of a column, separating the shaft at 
one end from the base ; at the other, from the capital. 

CINCTURED, a. Having a cincture or girdle. 

CIN'DER, n. chiefly used in the plu., cinders. [Fr. cendre.] 
1. Small coals or particles of fire mixed with ashes ; em- 
bers. 2. Small particles of matter, remaining after com- 
bustion, in which fire is extinct. 

CIN'DER-WENCH, In. A woman whose business is to 

CIN'DER-WoM'AN, J rake into heaps of ashes for cinders. 

CIN'DER- Y, a. Resembling cinders, or composed of them 

CIN-E-F ACTION, n. Reduction to ashes. . 

CIN'E-RA-RY, a. Pertaining to ashes. 

CIN-E-Ra'TION. n. The reducing of any tiling to ashes by 
combustion. 

CIN-E'RE-OUS, \ a. [L. cinereus.] Like ashes ; having 

CIN-E-Rl'CEOUS, 3 the color of the ashes of wood ; gray. 

CIN-E-Ri"TIOUS (-rish'us), a. [L. cinericius.] Having the 
color or consistence of ashes. 

CIN-ER'U-LENT, a. Full of ashes. 

CIN"GA-LESE, n. A native of Ceylon, a. Pertaining to 
Ceylon. 

CLN"GLE, n. [L. cingulum.] A girth ; but the word is little 
used. See Surcingle. 

CIN'NA-BAR, n. [Gr. Kivva6a.pi ; L. cinnabaris.] Native red 
sulphuret of mercury. — In the arts, it is called vermilion, 
and is used as a paint. — Hepatic cinnabar, is an impure 
cinnabar of a lion-brown color. 

CIN'NA-BAR-INE, a. Pertaining to cinnabar ; consisting of 
cinnabar, or containing it 

CIN/NA-MON, n. [Gr. Kivvauov, or Kivvaiiwuov; L. cinna- 
momum.] The bark of two species of laurus. The true 
cinnamon is the inner bark of" the laurus cinnamomum, a 
native of Ceylon, and is a most grateful aromatic. 

CIN'NA-MON-SToNE, n. A mineral found in Ceylon, and 
so named from its resembling cinnamon in color. It is 
sometimes cut and polished for jewelry. — Brande. 

CINQUE (sink), n. [Fr., five.] A five; a word used in 
games. 

CINQUE'-FOIL, n. [Fr. cinque and feuille.] I. A creeping 
plant, often called five-fingered grass ; a species of poten- 
tilla. — 2. In Gothic architecture, an ornamental foliation, 
having five points or cusps, used in windows, panels, &c. 

CINQUE'-PaCE, n. [Fr. cinque and pas.] A kind of grave 
dance. 

CINQUE'-PoRTS, u. pi. [Fr. cinque, and ports.] Five ports 
(to which three were afterward added), near Dover, Eng- 
land, having peculiar privileges, and placed under a Ward- 
en, which office is now a sinecure. Their members of 
parliament were called Barons of the Cinque-Ports. 

CINQUE'-SPOT-TED, a. Having five spots.— Shak. 

CIN'TER, n. [Fr.] In architecture, the framing erected be 
tween piers to support the materials of an arch when in 
_building till they are keyed. — Elmes. 

Cl'ON, n. [Fr. cion, or scion.] 1. A young shoot, twig, or 
sprout of a tree or plant, or, rather, the cutting of a twig, 
intended for ingrafting on another stock ; also, the shoot 
or slip inserted in a stock for propagation. 

Cl'PHER, n. [Fr. chiffre.] 1. In arithmetic, an Arabian or 
Oriental character of this form, 0, which, standing by it- 
self, expresses nothing, but increases or diminishes the 
value of other figures, according to its position. 2. A 
character in general. 3. An intertexture of letters, as 
the initials of a name ; a device ; an enigmatical character. 
4. A secret or disguised manner of writing ; certain char- 
acters arbitrarily invented and agreed on by two or more 
persons, to stand for letters or words, and understood 
j>nly by the persons who invent, or agree to use them. 

Cl'PHER, v. i. In popular language, to use figures, or to 
practice arithmetic. 

Cl'PHER, v. t. 1. To write in occult characters. 2. To des 
ignate ; to characterize. 

Ci'PHER-KeY (si'fer-kee), n. A key for deciphering writ 
jngs. 

Cl'PHER-ING, ppr. 1. Using figures, or practicing arith 
jnetic. 2. Writing in occult characters. 

Cl'PHER-ING, n. The act or art of computing by numbers 

CIP'O-LIN, n [qu. It. cipolla.] A green marble. 

CIP'PUS, n. [L.] A small pillar or column, usually bearing 
an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes 
often as a funeral monument. 

CiRG. See Circus. 

CiR'CXR, n. A name in India for district or province. — 
Rennell. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c long.— I, e, I, &c , short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—MARiNE, BiRD ;— M(> VE, BOOK. 



CIR 



175 



Clft 



CiR CAS'SIAN (sur kash'an), a. Pertaining to Circassia. 2. 
A term applied to a kind of woolen cloth. 

CIR-Ce'AN, a. Pertaining to Circe; a fabled goddess who 
fascinated by poisonous drugs, and then converted her 
victims into swine. 

CiR-CEN'SIAN, a. [L. circenses.] Pertaining to the circus 
in Rome. 

CIR'CI-NAL, )a. [L. circinus.] Rolled in spirally down- 

CIR'CI-NATE, 3 ward, the tip occupying the center ; a 
term in foliation or leafing, as in ferns. 

CIR CI-N1TE, v. t. [L. circhw.] To make a circle ; to com- 
pass. 

\ C1R-CI-NaTION, n. An orbicular motion. 

CIR'CLE (surTd), n. [Fr. cercle ; It. circolo ; L. circulus.] 1. 
In geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve 
line, called its circumference, every part of which is equal- 
ly distant from a point called the center. — 2. In popular 
use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane, or 
surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid mat- 
ter of a round substance, are denominated a circle ; ring ; 
An orb ; the earth. 3. A territorial division ; as, a circle 
of the German empire. 4. An assembly surrounding the 
principal person. 5. A series ending where it begins, and 
perpetually repeated ; a going round. 6. Circumlocution ; 
indirect form of words. — 7. In logic, an inconclusive form 
of argument, when the same terms are proved in orbem 
by the same terms, and the parts of the syllogism alter- 
nately by each other, directly and indirectly. — Syn\ Ring ; 
circlet; compass; circuit, orb; inclosure; assembly. 

CIR'CLE, v. t. 1. To move round ; to revolve round. 2. 
To encircle ; to encompass ; to surround ; to inclose. — 3. 
To circle in, to confine ; to keep together. 

CIR'CLE. v. i. To move circularly. " 

CIR'CL JED, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; inclosed. 

CIR'CL ED, a. Having the form of a circle ; round. 

CIR'CLER, n. A mean poet, or circular poet 

CIR'GLET, ii. A little circle ; a circle ; an orb. 

CIRCLING, ppr. or a. Encompassing; going round; in- 
closing. 

\ CiR'€LY 1 a. In the form of a circle.— Huloet. 

CIR'CO-CeLE, n. [Gr. Kpioaos, or Kpioos, and kvM-] A va- 
rix, or dilatation of the spermatic vein ; a varicocele ; 
hernia varicosa. 

CIR'CUTT (surlrit), n. [Fr. circuit.] 1. The act of moving 
or passing round. 2. The space inclosed in a circle, or 
within certain limits. 3. Any space or extent measured 
by traveling round. 4. That which encircles ; a ring ; a 
diadem. — Shak. 5. The journey of judges for the purpose 
of holding courts. 6. The counties or states in which the 
saane judge or judges hold courts and administer justice. 
7. A long deduction of reason. — 8. In law, a longer course 
of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sued 
for. 

CIR'CUTT, v. i. To move in a circle ; to go round. — Philips. 

CtR'CUIT, v. t. To move or go round. — Warton. 

CtR-CUTT-EER', n. One who travels a circuit.— Pope. 

CtR.-€U-l"TION (sur-ku-ish'on), n. [L. circuitio.] The act 
of going round ; compass ; circumlocution. — Hooker. 
{Little used.] 

CtR-Cul-TOUS (sur-ku'e-tus), a. Going round in a circuit ; 
not direct. 

CtR'Cu'I-TOUS-LY (sur-kul-tus-ly), adv. In a circuit. 

CiR-Cul-TY, n. A going round ; a course not direct 

\ CtR'CU-LA-BLE, a. That may be circulated. 

CIR'CU-LAR, a. [L. circularis.] 1. In the form of a circle ; 
round ; circumscribed by a circle. 2. Successive in order ; 
always returning. 3. Vulgar : mean ; circumforaneous ; 
as, a circular poet. — Dennis. 4. Ending in itself; used of 
a paralogism, where the second proposition at once proves 
the first and is proved by it. 5. Addressed to a circle, or 
to a number of persons having a common interest ; as, a 
circular letter.— 6. Circular lines, straight lines pertaining 
to the circle, as sines, tangents, &c. — 7. Circular numbers 
are those whose powers terminate in the same digits as 
the roots, as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36. — 8. 
Circular sailing- is the method of sailing by the arc of a 
great circle. 

CIR'CU-LAR, n. A circular letter, or paper. 

CtR-CU-LARl-TY, n. State of being circular. 

C1R'€U-LAR-LY, adv. In a circular manner; in the form 
of a circle ; in the form of going and returning. 

t CiR'CU-LA-RY, a. Endina" in itself.— Hooker. 

CIR'CU-LITE, v. i. [Fr. circular ; L. circulo.) 1. To move 
in a circle ; to move round, and return to the same point 
2. To pass from place to place, from person to person ; 
as, the story circulates. 3. To move round; to flow in 
veins or channels ; as, sap circulates in plants. — Syn. To 
spread ; diffuse ; propagate ; disseminate. 

CiR'CU-LITE, v. t. To cause to pass from place to place, 
or from person to person ; to put about ; to spread. 

CIR'CU-La-TED. pp. Caused to pass round. 

CIR'CU-La-TING, ppr. or a. Moving or passing round; 
passing from one to another. 



CIR'CU-La-TING DEC'IM-AL, n. In arithmetic, a term ap 
plied to decimals in which two or more figures are con 
stantly repeated in the same order. — Brande. 

C1R'€U-LI-TING Me'DI-UM, n. The currency, or money 
of a country. 

CiR-CU-LaTION, n. 1. The act of moving round, or in a 
circle ; as, the circulation of the blood. 2. A series in 
which the same order is preserved, and things return to 
the same state. 3. The act of going and returning, or of 
passing from place to place, or frorn person to person. — 4. 
Currency ; circulating coin, or notes or bills current for 
coin. — 5. In chemistry, circulation is an operation by which 
the same vapor, raised by fire, falls back to be returned 
and distilled several times. 

CiR-CU-LA-ToTJ-OUS, a. Traveling in a circuit, or from 
house to house. [Little used.] 

CiR'CU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Circular. 2. Circulating. 

CiR'€U-LA-TO-RY, n. A chemical vessel. 

CiR-CUM-AG'I-TlTE, v. t. To agitate on all sides. 

CiR-€UM-AM'BI-EN-CY, n. [L. circum and ambio.] The 
act of surrounding; or encompassing. 

CiR-CUM-AM'BI-ENT, a. Surrounding; encompassing ; in- 
closing, or being on all sides ; used particularly of the ail 
about tiie earth. 

CiR-CUM-AM'BU-LlTE, v. i. [L. circumambulo.] To walk 
round about 

CiR-€UM-AM-BU-L a'TION, n. The act of walking round. 

CiR-CUM-CELLlON, n. Id Church history, one of a set 
of illiterate peasants that adhered to the Donatists in the 
fourth century. 

CIR'CUM-ClSE, v. t. [L. ctrcumcido.] 1. To cut off the 
prepuce or foreskin ; a ceremony or rite in the Jewish 
and Mohammedan religions. — 2. Figuratively, to purify 
the heart. 

CiR'CUM-ClSED (surkum-sizd), pp. or a. Having the pre- 
puce cut off; purified spiritually. 

CiR'€UM-CiS-ER, n. One who performs circumcision. 

CiR'CUM-ClS-ING, ppr. Cutting off the prepuce ; purify- 
ins spiritually. 

CIR^CUM-CIS'ION (-sizh'un), n. 1. The act of cutting off 
the prepuce or foreskin. 2. Spiritual purification. — 3. The 
circumcision, Jew3 as distinguished from Gentiles. 

ClR-€UM-€Lu'3ION, n. The act of inclosing on all sides. 
! t CIR-CUM-CUR-Sa'TION, 7i. [L. circum and curso.] The 
act of running about 

C1R.-CUM-DUCT, v. t. [L. circumduco.] To contravene ; to 
nullifv ; a term of civil law. [Little used.] 

CiR-CUM-DUCTION, n. 1. A leading about; [little used.] 
2. An annulling ; cancelation ; [little used.] 
I t CIR'CUM-FER, v. t. [L. circumfero.] To bear or carry 

round. — Bacon. 
j CiR-CUMTER-EXCE, n. [L. circumferentia.] 1. The line 
that goes round or encompasses a figure ; a periphery ; 
applied particularly to the line that goes round a circle, 
sphere, or other figure approaching these in form. 2. The 
space included in a circle. 3. An orb or circle ; as, " the 
broad circumference (a shield) hung on his shoulders like 
the moon." — Milton. 

t CiR-CUM'FER-ENCE, v. t. To include in a circular space. 
— Broxon. 

CiR-€UM-FE-RENTIAL, a. Pertaining to the circumfer- 
ence. — Parkhurst. 

CIR-CUM-FE-RENTOR, n. An instrument used by sur- 
veyors for taking angles with the magnetic needle. 

CiPi/CUM-FLECT, v. t. To place the circumflex on a word. 

CiR'CUM-FLEX, n. [L. circumflezus.] 1. A wave of the 
voice embracing both a rise and fall on the same syllable. 
2. A character or accent denoting a rise and fall of the 
voice on the same long syllable, marked, in Greek, thus, ~, 
and in Latin, thus, A . 

CiR'CUM-FLEX, v. t. To mark or pronounce with the ao 
cent called a circumflex. 

CiR-CUM'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. circumfluens.] A flowing round 
on all sides ; an inclosure of waters. 

CiR-CUMTLU-ENT, a. Flowing round ; surrounding as a 
fluid. — Pope. 

CiR-CUMTLU-OUS, a. [L. circumfluus.] Flowing round ; 
encompassing as a fluid ; circumfluent 

CiR-€UM-FO-RI'NE-AN, ? a. [L. circumforaneus.] Going 

CiR-GUM-FO-RX'NE-OUS, y about ; walking or wander- 
ing from house to house. 

CiR-CUM-FuSE', v. t. [L. circumfusus.] 1. To pour round, 
as a fluid. 2. To spread round ; to surround. 

CiR-CUM-Fu'SlLE, a. [L. circum and fusilis.] That may 
be poured_or spread round. 

CiR-CUM-Fu'SION, n. The act of pouring or spreading 
round ; the state of being poured round. 

CiR-CUM-gES-Ta'TION, n. [L. circum and gestatio.] A 
carrying about — Taylor. 

CiRCUM'gY-RaTE, ? v. t. [L. circum and gyrus.] To roll 

CiR-CUM-GYRE', j or turn round. [Little used.] 

CiR-€UM-GY-RA'TION, n. The act of turning, rolling, or 
whirling round ; the turning of a limb in its socket 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til u in this. X Obsolete. 



CiR 



176 



CIS 



y OiR-CUM I'TION (sur-kum-ish'un), n. [L. circumeo.] The 
act of going round. — Diet. 

OIR-CUM Ja'CENT, a, [L. circumjacens.] Lying round; 
bordering on every side. 

CtR-€UM-LI-GA'TION, n. [L. circumligo.] The act of 
binding round; the bond with which any thing is en- 
compassed. 

CiR-€UM-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. circumlocutio.] A circuit or 
compass of words ; a periphrase ; the use of a number of 
words to express an idea instead of a single term. 

CIR-CUM-LOC'U-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to circumlocution, 
or a compass of words ; periphrastic. 

01R-€UM-MuR'£D, a. [L. circum and murus.] Walled 
round ; encompassed with a wall. 

CiR-€UM-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be sailed round. 

CIR-CUM-NAV'I-GaTE, v. t. [L. circumnavigo.] To sail 
round ; to pass round by water. 

CtR-€UM-NAV-I-GA'TION, n. The act of sailing round 

CiR-CUM-NAVI-GI-TOR, n. One who sails round. 

OiR-CUM-PLI-CI'TION, n. [L. circumplico.] A folding, 
winding, or wrapping round ; or a state of being enwrap- 
ped. [Little used.] 

CiR-€UM-Po'LAR, a. About the pole. 

CiR-€UM-PO-Sl"TION (-zish'un), n. The act of placing in 
a circle ; or the state of being so placed. 

CIR-GUM-Ra'SION, n. [L. circumrasio.] The act of shav- 
ing or paring round. [Little used.] 

ClR-€UM-Ro'TA-RY, a. Turning, rolling, or whirling round. 
— Shenstonc. 

CIR-CUM-RO-Ta/TION, n. [L. circum and rotatio.] The 
act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel ; circumvo- 
lution ; the state of being whirled round. 

CiR-CUM-SCIS'SlLE, a. [L. circumscindo, to cut round.] 
A term applied to a mode of dehiscence in botany, occur- 
ring by a transverse circular separation of the sides of the 
ovary. 

CiR-eUM-S€RlB'A-BLE,a. Capable of being circumscribed. 

ClR-€UM-S€RlBE', v. t. [L. circumscribo.] 1. To inclose 
within a certain limit. 2. To write round ; [little used.] — 
Syn. To bound ; limit ; restrict ; confine ; abridge ; re- 
strain. 

CiR-€UM-S€RlB'£D (sur-kum-skribd'), pp. or a. Drawn 
round, as a line ; limited ; confined. 

CiR-€UM-S€RlBTNG, ppr. Drawing a line round; in- 
closing ; limiting ; confining. 

C1R-€UM-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. That may be circumscribed 
or limited by bounds. 

CtR-€UM-S€RIPTION, n. 1. The line that limits ; limita- 

, tion ; bound ; confinement. 2. The margin, termination, 
or limits of a body. 3. A circular inscription. 

ClR-€UM-S€RIP'TiVE, a. Defining the external form; 
marking or inclosing the limits or superficies of a body. 

CiR-€UM-S€RIP'TiVE-LY, adv. In a limited manner. 

CIR'CUM-SPECT, a. [L. circumspectus.] Cautious ; pru- 
dent ; watchful on all sides ; wary ; thoughtful. 

t CiR€UM-SPE€T, v. t. To examine carefully. 

C1R-CUM-SPECTION, n. [L. circumspectio.] Attention to 
all the facts and circumstances of the case. — Syn. Caution ; 
watchfulness ; deliberation ; thoughtfulness ; wariness ; 
forecast. 

CiR-€UM-SPE€TiVE, a. Looking round every way ; cau- 
tious ; careful of consequences ; watchful of danger. 

CIR-€UM-SPEGT'lVE-LY, adv. Cautiously ; vigilantly ; 
needfully ; with watchfulness to guard against danger. 

C1R'€UM-SPE€T-L Y, adv. Cautiously ; with watchfulness 
every way ; with attention to guard against surprise or 
danger. 

C1R'€UM-SPE€T-NESS, n. Caution ; circumspection ; vig- 
ilance in guarding against evil from every quarter. 

CiR'CUM-STANCE, n. [L.circumstantia.] 1. Something at- 
tending, appendant, or relative to a fact, or case ; a par- 
ticular thing, which, though not essential to an action, in 
some way att'ects it. 2. One of the adjuncts of a fact, which 
make it more or less criminal, or make an accusation 
more or less probable ; accident ; something adventitious ; 
incident ; event. — 3. Circumstances, in the plural, condition 
in regard to worldly estate ; state of property. 

t CiR'CUM-STANCE, v. t. To place in a particular situa- 
tion. — Donne. 

ClR'CUM-STANCED, pp. or a. Placed in a particular man- 
ner, with regard to attending facts or incidents ; as, cir- 
cumstanced as we were, we could not escape. 

t CIR'CUM-STANT. a. Surrounding. 

f CiR-CUM-STAN'TIA-BLE, a. Capable of being circum- 
stanced. — Bishop Taylor. 

CIR-CUM-STANTIAL, a. 1. Attending ; relating to ; but 
not essential. 2. Consisting in or pertaining to circum- 
stances, or to particular instances. 3. Incidental ; casual. 
4. Abounding with circumstances, or exhibiting all the cir- 
cumstances ; minute ; particular. — 5. In law, circumstantial 
evidence is that which is obtained from circumstances, 
which necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular 
nature, from which arises presumption. 



CIR-€UM-STAN'TIAL, n, Circumstantials are tuings inci 
dent to the main subject, and hence of less importance. 

CiR-€UM-STAN-TIAL'I-TY, n. 1. The appendage of cir- 
cumstances ; the state of any thing as modified by circum- 
stances. 2. Particularity in exhibiting circumstances ; mi 
nuteness. 

C1R-€UM-STAN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. According to circum- 
stances ; not essentially ; accidentally. 2. Miuutely ; ex- 
actly ; in every circumstance or particular. 

CiR-CUM-STAN'TIITE, v. t. 1. To place in particulai- cir- 
cumstances. I*. To place in a particular condition with 
regard to power or wealth. — Swift. [This word is little 
used 1 

CiR-CUM-TER-Ra/NE-OUS, a. [L. circum and terra.] 
Around the earth. 

CiR-CUM-UN'DU-LITE, v. t. [L. circum and undulatus.] To 
flow round, as waves. 

CIR-CUM-VAL'LaTE, v. t. To surround with a rampart. 
[Little used.] 

CiR-CUM-VAL-LITION, n. [L. circumvallo.] In the art 
of war, a surrounding with a wall or trench ; also, the wall 
or trench which thus surrounds either the place besieged 
or the camp of the besiegers. 

t CiR-€UM-VE€T10N, n. [L. circum and veho.] A carry- 
ing about. 

CIR-CUM-VENT', v. t. [circumvenio.] To gain advantage 
over another, or to accomplish a purpose by arts, strata- 
gem, or deception. — Syn. To deceive ; de'ude ; impose 
on ; come round ; cheat. 

CiR-CUM-VENT'ED, pp. Deceived by craft or stratagem . 
deluded. 

C1R-CUM-VENTTNG, ppr. Deceiving ; imposing on. 

CiR-€UM-VEN'TION, n. 1. The act of prevailing over an- 
other by arts, address, or fraud ; deception ; fraud : im- 
posture; delusion. 2. Prevention; preoccupation. — Shak.; 
[obs.] 

CtR-CUM-VENTlVE, a. Deceiving by artifices ; deluding. 

CiR-CUM-VEST', v. t. [L. circumvestio.] To cover round, 
as with a garment. — Wotton. 

CiR-CUM-VO-La'TION, n. [L. circumvolo.] The act of fly- 
ing round. [Little used.] 

CiR-€UM-VO-LtJ'TION, n. The act of rolling round ; the 
state of being rolled ; also, the thing rolled round another. 
— 2; In architecture, a turn in the spiral line of the Ionic 
capital. 

CiR-€UM-VOLVE' (sur-kum-volv'), v. t. [L. circumvolvo.] 
To roll round ; to cause to revolve ; to put into a circular 
motion. 

CiR-€UM-VOLVE', v. i. To roll round ; to revolve. 

CiR-€UM-VOLV'.ED (sur-kum-volvd'), pp. Rolled round , 
moved in a circular manner. 

CiR-€UM-VOLV'ING, ppr. Rolling round ; revolving. 

CiR'CUS, n. ; pi. Circuses. [L.] 1. In antiquity, a long, 
oval edifice, used for the exhibition of games and shows 
to the people. 2. The open area, or space inclosed, in 
which were exhibited games and shows. — 3. In modern 
times, a circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of 
horsemanship. 

CiRL, n. An Italian bird about the size of a sparrow. 

CIR'RHO-POD, n. See Cirriped. 

CIR-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cimis and /em] Producing ten- 
drils or claspers, as a plant. 

CIR-RId'ER-OUS, a. [L. cirrus and gero.] Having curled 
locks. 

CIR'Rl-PED, n. [L. cirrus and pes.] A general term ap- 
plied to the barnacle kind, which are inclosed in a shell 
more or less conical, and have long and slender feet, which 
curve together in a kind of curl. 

CIR'RO-CU'MU-LUS, n. In meteorology, a cloud composed 
of the cumulus broken up into small masses, presenting a 
fleecy appearance, as in a mackerel-back sky. — D. Olmsted. 

CIR'RO-STRa'TUS, n. In meteorology, a cloud having the 
characters of the stratus in its main body, but of the cirrus 
on its margin. — D. Olmsted. 

CIR'ROUS, a. [L. cirrus.] In botany, terminating in a curl 
or tendril. 

CIR'RUS, n. [L. a lock or curl.] 1. In meteorology, a name 
given to one of the four fundamental clouds, from its 
fibrous appearance resembling carded wool. — D. Olmsted. 
2. A fossil turbinated shell of the chalk. — Mantell. 

CiR'SO-CELE (sur'so-seel), n. [Gr. Kipoos and KrjXr}.] A dil- 
atation of the spermatic vein. — Quincy. — Coxe. 

CIS-ALP'lNE, a. [L. cis and Alpes.] On this side of the 
Alps, with regard to Rome ; that is, on the south of the 
Alps ; opposed to transalpine. 

CIS-AT-LANTIC, a. On this side of the Atlantic— Story. 

CIS'PA-DANE, a. [L. cis and Pad 3.] On this side of the 
Po, with regard to Rome ; that is, on the south side. 

CIS'SOID, n. [Gr. kktctoS and eiSog.] In geometry, a curve 
of the second order, invented by Diocles. 

t CIS'SOR. See Cizar and Scissor. 

CIST, n. [Gr. kkjtt), a chest.] In architecture and sculpture, 
a chest, or basket, usually applied to the baskets employed 



Se£ Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X. E ¥, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M(> VE, BQOK. 



CIV 



177 



CLA 



In processions connected with, the Eleusinian mysteries. — 
Brande. See, also, Cyst. 

CISTED, a, Inclosed in a cyst See Cysted. 

CIS-TER'CIAN (-shan), n. [Cisteaux.] A monk, a reformed 
Benedictine. 

CISTERN, n. [L. cisterna.] 1. An artificial reservoir or re- 
ceptacle for holding water or other liquids. 2. A natural 
reservoir ; a hollow place containing water ; as a fountain 
or lake. 

CISTIC. See Cystic. 

CISTUS, n. [Gr. kivtoi.] The rock-rose.— Encyc. 

CIT, n. [contracted from citizen.] A citizen ; [in, a low sense ;] 
an inhabitant of a city ; a pert townsman ; a pragmatical 
trader. — Pope. 

CITA-DEL, n. [Fr. citadelle ; It cittadella.) A fortress or 
castle in or near a city, intended for its defense ; a place 
of arms. 

Cl'TAL, n. 1. Reproof; impeachment. — Shah. : [little used.] 
2. Summons ; citation ; quotation ; [little used.] 

Ci-Ta'TION, n. [L. citatio.] 1. A summons ; an official call 
or notice, given to a person, to appear in court 2. Quo- 
tation ; the act of citing a passage from a book. 3. Enu- 
meration ; mention. 

Cl'TA-TO-RY, a. Citing; calling; having the power or 
Jx>rrn of citation. 

ClTE, v. t. [L. cito.] 1. To call upon officially, or authori- 
tatively ; to summon ; to give legal or official notice, as to 
a defendant to appear in court 2. To enjoin ; to direct ; 
to summon ; to order or urge. 3. To quote ; to name or 
repeat, as a passage or the words of another, either from 
a book or from verbal communication. 4. To call or name 
in support, proof or confirmation. 

CITED, pp. Quoted; summoned. 

ClTER, n. 1. One who cites or summons into court 2. 
One who quotes a passage or the words of another. 

CIT'ESS, n. A city woman. [Little used.] 

CITH-A-RIS'TI€, a. [L. cithara.] Pertaining to or adapted 
to the harp. 

CITH'ERN, n. [L. cithara.] A stringed musical instrument 
among the ancients. 

CIT'I-CISM, n. The manners of a cit or citizen. 

CITI.ED (sifid), a. Belonging to a city.— Drayton, 

CIT'I-GRADE, a. Relating to" a tribe of spiders, whose legs 
are usually fit only for running. 

CITING, ppr. Quoting ; summoning. 

CIT'1-Z.EN (sire-zn), n~ [Fr. citoyen.] 1. A native of a city, 
or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privileges of 
the city in which he resides. 2. A townsman ; a man of 
trade ; not a gentleman. 3. An inhabitant ; a dweller in 
any city, town, or place. — 4. In a general sense, a native or 
permanent resident in a city or country. — 5. In the United 
States, a person, native or naturalized, who has the privi- 
lege of exercising the elective franchise, and of purchasing 
and holding real estate. 

CIT'I-Z2?N, a. Having the qualities of a citizen. 

CITI-ZjEN-SoLTJIER, n. A term applied to those who are 
at once citizens and soldiers, as the militia of a country. 

CITI-ZSN-ESS, n. A female citizen.— Booth. [Rare.] 

CITI-Z.EN-SHH\ n. The state of being vested with the 
rights and privileges of a citizen. 

CITRATE, n. [L. citrus.] In chemistry, a salt formed by 
a union of the citric acid with a base. The onion yields 
citrate of lime. — Ure. 

CITRENE. n. A crystalline compound of hydrogen and 
carbon obtained from the essential oil of lemons. 

CITRIC, a. Belonging to lemons or limes ; as, citric acid. 

CITRIC ACID, n. An acid obtained,from lemon juice and 
some other substances. 

CITRIL, n. A beautiful song bird of Italy. 

CIT-RI-Na'TION, ii. The turning to a yellow-green color. 

CITRINE, a. [L. citrinus.] Like a citron or lemon ; of a 
lemon color ; yellow, or greenish-yellow. 

CITRINE, n. A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz crystal. 

CITRON, ii. [Fr. citron.] The fruit of the citron-tree, a 
large species of lemon. 

CITRON-TREE, n. The tree which produces the citron, 
of the genus citrus. 

CITRON-WA'TER n. A liquor distilled with the rind of 
citrons. 

t CITRUL. ri. The pompion or pumokin. 

CITTERN. See Cithern. 

CITY, n. [Fr. cite ; It. citta.] 1. In a general sense, a large 
town.— 2. In a more appropriate sense, a corporate town fa 
town or collective body of inhabitants incorporated and 
governed by particular officers, as a mayor and aldermen. 
— In Great Britain, a borough or town corporate which is 
or has been the seat of a bishop or the capital of his see. — 
Brande. 3. The collective body of citizens, or the inhab- 
itants of a city. 

CITY, a._ Pertaining to a city.— Shak. 

CITY-CoURT, n. The municipal court of a city, consisting 
of the mayor or recorder and aldermen. — United States. 

ClVES, n. [Fr. cive.] A species of leek, growing in tufts. 



CIVET, n. [Fr. chette.] A substance, of the consistence of 
butter or honey, taken from a bag under the tail of the 
civet-cat It is used as a perfume. 

CIVET-CAT, n. The animal that produces civet a specie3 
of viverra, allied to the pole-cat and fox. 

CIVIC, a. [L. civicus.] Literally, pertaining to a city or 
citizen ; relating to civil affah-3 or honors. — Civic crown, 
among the Romans, a crown or garland of oak leaves and 
acorns given to the soldier who had preserved the life of 
a citizen in battle. 

CIVIL, a. [L. civilis.] 1. Relating to the community, or to 
the policy and government of the citizens and subjects of 
a state. 2. Relating to any man as a member of a com 
munity. 3. Reduced to order, rule, and government 
under a regular administration ; implying some refine 
ment of manners ; not savage or wild. 4. Civilized ; cour 
teous ; complaisant ; gentle" and obliging ; well bred ; affa- 
ble ; kind ; having the manners of a" city. 5. Sober ; not 
gay or showy; as, " cir^-suited morn." — Milton, 6. Com- 
plaisant ; polite ; a popular colloquial use of the word. — 7. 
Civil death, in law, is that which cuts off a man from civil 
society, as outlawry, banishment, <fcc. — 8. Civil law, in a 
general sense, the law of a state, city, or country ; but in 
an appropriate sense, the Roman law. — 9. Civil list, in 
England, formerly a fist of the entire expenses of the civil 
government ; and hence the officers of civil government, 
who are paid from the public treasury. By a late law, 
the civil list now embraces only the expenditures for the 
support of the reigning monarches household. Brande. — 
10. Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens, not 
included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical 
states. — 11. Civil war, a war between people of the same 
state or city. — 12. Civil year, the legal year, or annual ac- 
count of time which a government appoints to be used in 
its own dominions. — 137 Civil architecture, the architecture 
which is employed in constructing buildings for the pur- 
poses of civil life. 14. This term is often employed in 
contrast with military ; as, a civil hospital ; the civil serv- 
ice, Sec. 

CIVIL EN-Gl-NEER/, n. One employed in civil engineer- 
ing. 

CIVIL EN-Gl-NEERTNG, n. The scienee or art of con- . 
structing canals, rail-roads, docks, and other public im- 
provements, as distinguished from military engineering 
which is confined to war. 

CI-VII/IAN, 7i, 1. One who is skilled in the Roman or civij 
law ; a professor or doctor of civil law. — 2. In a more ex- 
tended sense, one who is versed in law and government. 3. 
A student of the civil law. 4. One engaged in civil, no; 
military or clerical pursuits. Civilist is not used. 

CI-VIL1-TY, n. [L. civilitas.] 1. The state of being civil 
ized; civilization; [little used.] 2. Good breeding ; deco- 
rum of behavior in the treatment of others, accompanied 
with kind offices. Civility respects manners or external 
deportment, and, in the plural, civilities denote acts of po- 
liteness. 

CIV-IL-I-Zi'TION, ii. 1. The act of civilizing, or the state 
of being civilized. 2. The act of rendering a criminal 
process civil ; [not used.] 

CI VlL-lZE, v. t. [It. civilizzare ; Fr. civiliser.] To reclaim 
from a savage state ; to introduce civility of manners 
among a people, and instruct them in the arts of regular 
life. 

CIVIL-IZED, pp. or a. Reclaimed from savage life and 
manners ; instructed in arts, learning, and civil manners. 

CIVIL-lZ-ER, ii. 1. One who civilizes ; he who reclaims 
others from a wild and savage life, and teaches them the 
rules and customs of civility. 2. That which reclaims 
from savageness. 

CI VIL-IZ-LNG, ppr. or a. Reclaiming from savage life ; in- 
structing in arts and civility of manners. 

CIVIL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner relating to government, or 
to the rights or character of a member of the community. 
2. In a manner relating to private lights. 3. Not natu- 
rally, but in law. 4. Politely ; complaisantly ; gently ; with 
due decorum ; courteously. 5. Without gaudy colors or 
finery ; [obs.] „ . . 

CIVISM, n. [L. civis.] State of citizenship ; patriotism. 

t CIZ'AR, v. t. To clip with scissors.— Beaumont and Fl. 

CIZ'AR. See Scissors. 

CIZE, for Size, is not in use 

CLAB'BER, \ n - Muk tamed, become thick, or 

BONNY-CLAB'BER 5 inspissated. 

CLACK, v. i. [Fr. claquer.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp 
noise, as by striking or cracking ; to clink ; to click. 2. 
To utter words rapidly and continually, or with sharp, ab- 
rupt sounds : to let the tongue run. 

CLACK, n. [W. dec] 1. A sharp, abrupt sound, continual 
ly repeated, such as is made by striking an object ; h°.nce 
2. Continual talk. 3. The instrament that strikes the hop- 
per of a grist-mill, to move or shake it, for discharging the 
corn. And, according to Johnson, a bell that rings whea 
more corn is required to be put in. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN'GER, VI "CIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; 8 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t, Ob^lete. 
M 



CLA 



178 



CLA 



CLA.CK-DISH, n. A beggar's dish, with a movable cover, 
which they clack. — Shak. 

€LA€K'ER, n. One who clacks ; that which clacks. 

CLACKING, ppr. or a. Making a sharp, abrupt sound, con- 
tinually repeated ; talking continually ; tattling. 

CLACKING, n. A prating. 

■GLAD, pp. [See Clothe.] Clothed ; invested ; covered as 
with a garment. For yclad, see Yclad. 

GLaIM, v. t. [L. clamo.] 1. To call for ; to ask or seek to 
obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right ; to 
challenge as a right ; to demand as due. 2. To assert, or 
maintain as a right. 3. To have a right or title to. 4. To 
proclaim ; [obs.] 5. To call or name ; [obs.] 

GLUM, n. A demand of a right or supposed right ; a call- 
ing on another for something due, or supposed to be due. 
2. A right to claim or demand ; a title to any debt, priv- 
ilege, or other thing in possession of another. 3. The 
thing claimed or demanded. 4. Aloud call; as, this is a 
claim on your charity. — Spenser. 

CLilM'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded as due. 

•CLAIMANT, n. 1. A person who claims ; one who de- 
mands any thing as his right 2. A person who has a right 
to claim or demand. 

CLaIMjBD, pp. Demanded as due ; challenged as a right ; 
asserted ; maintained. 

CLaIM'ER, n. A claimant ; one who demands as due. 

GLaIMTNG, ppr. Demanding as due ; challenging a3 a right ; 
asserting; maintaining. 

CLaIM'LESS, a. Having no claim. 

CLaIR'-OB-SCuRE'. See Clare-obscure. 

€L aIR-VOYANCE, n. [Fr.] Literally, clear-sightedness ; a 
power attributed to persons in a mesmeric state, of dis- 
cerning objects not present to the senses. 

CLaIR-VOY'ANT, a. Discerning things not present to the 
senses. 

CLAM, n. A bivalvular shell-fish, valued for food. 

CLAM, v. t. [Sax. clamian.] To clog with glutinous or vis- 
cous matter. 

CLAM, v. i. In bell ringing, to unite sounds in the peal. — 
Smart. [Eng.] 

CLAM, v. i. To be moist. [Little used.] 

CLAM'-SHELL, n. The shell of a clam. 

GLa'MANT, a. Crying ; beseeching. 

CLAM'BER, v. i. To climb with difficulty, or with hands 
and feet. 

CLAM'BER-ING, ppr. Climbing with effort and labor. 

GLAM'MI-NESS, n. The state of being viscous ; viscosity ; 
stickiness ; tenacity of a soft substance. 

CLAM'MY, a. Thick ; viscous ; adhesive ; soft and sticky ; 
glutinous; tenacious. 

CLAM'OR, n. [L. clamor.] 1. A great cry ; continued vo- 
ciferation. Shak. — 2. Figuratively, loud and continued 
noise, or complaint. — Syn. Outcry ; exclamation ; noise ; 
uproar. 

CLAM'OR, v. t. To stun with noise. Bacon. — To clamor 
bells, is to multiply the strokes. 

CLAM'OR, v. i. To utter loud sounds, or outcries ; to talk 
loud ; to utter loud voices repeatedly ; to vociferate ; to 
complain ; to make importunate demands. 

CLAM'OR-ER, n. One who clamors. 

CLAM'OR-ING, ppr. Making a great and continued noise, 
particularly in complaint or importunate demands. 

CLAM'OR-OUS, a. Speaking and repeating loud words. — 
Syn. Noisy ; vociferous ; loud ; turbulent ; boisterous. 

CLAM'OR-OUS-LY, adv. With loud noise or words. 

GLAM'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being loud 
or noisy. 

3L AMP, n. [D. klamp.] 1. In general, something that fastens 
or binds ; a piece of timber or of iron, used to fasten work 
together ; or a particular manner of uniting work by let- 
ting boards into each other. 2. An instrument with a 
screw at one end, used by joiners to hold pieces of wood 
together. — 3. In ship-building, a thick plank on the inner 
part of a ship's side, used to sustain the ends of the beams. 
4. A smooth, crooked plate of iron,forelocked on the trunn- 
ions of a cannon to keep it fast to the carriage. 5. A pile 
of bricks laid up for burning. 

CLAMP, v. t. 1. To fasten with clamps.— 2. In joinery, to fit 
a piece of board with the grain to the end of another piece 
of board across the grain. 

CLAMP, v. i. [D. klompen.] To tread heavily. [Craven di- 
alect.] 

CLAMP.ED (klampt), pp. United or strengthened with a 
clamp. 

CLAMPING, ppr. Fastening or strengthening with a clamp. 

CLAN, n. [Ir. clann, or eland; Erse, clan, or klaan.] 1. A 
race ; a family ; a tribe. — 2. In Scotland, a tribe or collec- 
tion of families united under a chieftain, usually having the 
same surname, and supposed to be descended from a com- 
mon ancestor. — 3. In contempt, a sect, society, or body of 
persons closely united. — Swift. 
CLAN'CU-LAR. a. [L. clancularius.] Clandestine ; secret ; 
private ; concealed. [Little used.] 



CLAN'CU-LAR-LY, adv. Privately ; secretly. [Little used.\ 

CLAN-DES'TlNE, a. [L. clandestinus.] Used in a bad sense , 
withdrawn from public view. — Syn. Hidden , secret ; pri 
vate; concealed; underhand; sly; fraudulent. 

GLAN-DES'TlNE-LY, adv. Secretly ; privately. 

CLAN-DES'TlNE-NESS, n. Secrecy ; a state of conceal 
ment. 

t GLAN-DES-TIN'I-TY, n. Privacy or secrecy. 

CLANG, v. t. or i. [L. clango.] To make a sharp, shrill sound, 
as by striking metallic substances ; or to strike with a 
sharp sound. 

CLANG, n. [L. clangor.] A sharp, shrill sound, made by 
striking together metallic substances, or sonorous bodies, 
or any like sound. 

€LAN"GOR (klang'gor), n. [L.] A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. 
— Dryden. See Clang. 

CLAN"GOPl-OUS, a. Sharp or harsh in sound. 

€LAN"GOUS, a. Making a clang, or a shrill or harsh sound. 

CLANK, n. The loud, shrill, sharp sound, made by a col- 
lision of metallic or other sonorous bodies. 

CLANK, v. t. or i. To make a sharp, shrill sound ; to strike 
with a sharp sound. 

CLAN'NISH, a. Closely united, like a clan; disposed to ad- 
here closely, as the members of a clan. 

CLAN'NISH-LY, adv. In a clanish manner. 

CLAN'NISH-NESS, n. Close adherence or disposition to 
unite, as a clan. 

CLANSHIP, n. A state of union, as in a family or clan ; an 
association under a chieftain. 

CLAP, v. t. ; pret. and pp. clapped or clapt. [D.Jclappen, klop- 
pen.] 1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to make a 
noise by the collision ; to strike with something broad, or 
having a flat surface. 2. To thrust; to drive together; to 
shut hastily ; as, to clap to the door. 3. To thrust, or drive 
together ; to put one thing to another by a hasty or sud- 
den motion ; as, to clap spurs to a horse. 4. To thrust ; 
to put, place, or send ; as, to clap one into prison. 5. To 
applaud ; to manifest approbation or praise by striking the 
hands together. 6. To infect with venereal poison. — To 
clap up. 1. To make or complete hastily. 2. 1\> imprison 
hastily, or with little delay. 

CLAP, v. i. 1. To move or drive together suddenly with 
noise. 2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness, with 
to ;* as, " clap to," in respect to any work or business. 3, 
To strike the hands together in applause. 

CLAP, 7i. 1. A driving together ; a thrust and collision of 
bodies with noise, usually with broad surfaces. 2. A sud- 
den act or motion ; as. to pay your debts at a clap. — Shck. , 
[rare.] 3. A burst of sound ; a sudden explosion. 4. An 
act of applause ; a striking of hands to express approba- 
tion. 5. [Fr. clapoir.] A venereal infection. Pope.— 6. 
With falconers, the nether part of the beak of a hawk. 

CLAP'-BOARD (klab'bord), n. A thin, narrow board for 
covering houses. The word is also used as a verb for to 
cover with clap-board? ; [United States.] — In England, ac- 
cording to Bailey, a clap-board is what in America is called 
a stave for casks. 

CLAP'- DISH, n. A wooden bowl or dish. 

CLAP'-DOC-TOR, n. One who is skilled in healing the 
clap, or venereal disease. 

CLAP-NET, n. A net for taking larks. 

CLAP-TRAP, n. A trap for clapping in theatres ; hence a 
trick or device to gain applause. 

CLAPPED (klapt), pp. Thrust or put on or together ; ap- 
plauded by striking the hands together ; infected with the 
venereal disease. 

CLAP'PER, n. 1. A person who claps, or applauds by clap- 
ping. 2. That which strikes, as the tongue of a bell, or the 
piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper. 3. A burrow or 
inclosure; [obs.] 

t CLAP'PER, n. [Old Fr. clapier.] A place for rabbits to 
burrow in. — Chaucer. 

GLAP'PER-CLAW, v. t. 1. To fight and scratch.— Smart. 
Hence, 2. To scold ; to abuse with the tongue ; to revile 
— Shak. 

CLAP'PING, ppr. Driving or putting on, in, over, or under 
by a sudden motion ; striking the hands together. 

CLAP'PING, n. The act of striking the hands together, or 
dinarily by way of applause. 

CLaRE, n. A_nun of the order of St. Clare. 

CLAR'EN-CEuX \ n , , , . C n. In Great Britain, the 

€LAR'EN-CIEuX5^ laren - 8lm )^ second king at arms, 
so called fromthe Duke of Clarence. 

CLaRE-OB-S€uRE', n. [L. clarus and obscunts.] In paint- 
ing, the art of judiciously distributing fight and shade ; 
also, a painting executed in two colors. 

CLAR'ET, n. [Fr. clairet.] A species of French wine, of a 
clear pale red color. 

CLAR'I-CHORD, n. [L. clarus and chorda.] A musical in- 
strument in form of a spinet, now out of use. 

€LAR-I-FI-€a'TI0N, n. The act of clearing ; particularly 
the clearing or fining of liquid substances by chemical 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



OLA 



179 



(JLA 



QLAR1-F1ED, pp. or a. Purified ; made clear or fine ; def- 
ecated. 

CLAR'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. That which clarifies or purifies. 2. A 
vessel in which liquor is clarified. 

GLAR'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. clarificr.] 1. To make clear ; to purify 
from feculent matter ; to defecate ; to fine. 2. To make 
clear ; to brighten or illuminate ; [rarely used.] 

SLAR/I-FY, v. i. 1. To clear up ; to grow clear or bright. 2. 
To grow or become clear or fine ; to become pure, as liquors. 

GLAR'I-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Making clear, pure, or bright ; 
defecating ; growing clear. 

* GLAR1-ON, n. [Fr. clairon.] A kind of trumpet, whose 
tube is narrower, and its tone more acute and shrill, than 
that of the common trumpet. 

CLAR-IO-NET',??i. [Fr. clarinette.} A wind instrument 

GLAR'I-NET, 5 of music, with a mouth partaking of a 
trumpet form, and played on by holes and keys. 

GLA-RIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. clarus and sonus.] Having a clear 
sound. 

€LAR'I-TUDE, n. Clearness ; splendor. [Little used.] 

SLAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. clarte; L. claritas.] Clearness; bright- 
ness ; splendor. [Little used.] 

GLaRT, v. t. To daub ; to smear ; to spread. — North of 
England. 

GLaRTY, a. Wet ; slippery ; dirty ; miry.— Grose. 

t CLaRT, v. i. To make a loud or shrill noise. 

GLa'RY, n. [a corruption of selarea.] A plant of the genus 
salvia, or sage ; salvia selarea. 

€L ITRY-WA'TER, n. A composition of brandy, sugar, cla- 
ry-flowers, and cinnamon, with a little ambergris dissolved 
in it. 

CLASH, v. i. [D. kletsen.] 1. To strike against with force ; 
as, their arms clashed. 2. To meet in opposition ; to be 
contrary ; to act in a contrary direction ; to interfere ; as, 
their interests clash. 

GL ASH, v. t. To strike one thing against another with sound. 

CLASH, n. 1. A meeting of bodies with violence ; a strik- 
ing together with noise ; collision, or noisy collision of 
bodies. 2. Opposition ; contradiction, as between difter- 
ing or contending interests, views, purposes, &e. 

CLASHING, ppr. or a. Striking against with noise ; meet- 
ing in opposition ; opposing ; interfering. 

GL ASHING, n. A striking against ; collision of bodies ; op- 
position ; interference. 

GLASH'ING-LY, adv. With clashing. 

GLXSP, n. [Ir. clasba.] 1. A hook for fastening ; a catch. 
2. A close embrace ; a throwing of the arms round. 

GLaSP, v. t. 1. To shut or fasten together with a clasp. — 
Pope. 2. To catch and hold by twining ; to surround and 
cling to. 3. To inclose and hold in the hand ; or simply 
to inclose or encompass with the fingers. 4. To embrace 
closely ; to throw the arms round ; to catch with the arms. 
5. To inclose and press. 

GLaSPjED (klaspt), pp. Fastened with a clasp; shut; em- 
braced; inclosed; encompassed; caught. 

GLaSP'ER, n. He or that which clasps: usually the tendril 
of a vine or other plant, which twines round something 
for support. 

GLaSP'ERjED, a. Furnished with tendrils. 

CLXSPTNG, ppr. or a. 1. Twining round ; catching and 
holding; embracing; inclosing; shutting or fastening with 
a clasp. — 2. In botany, surrounding the stem at the base, 
as a leaf. 

CLXSP'-KNlFE, n. A knife which folds into the handle. 

GLASS, n. [L. classis.) 1. An order or rank of persons ; a 
number of persons in society, supposed to have some re- 
semblance or equality, in rank, education, property, tal- 
ents, and the like. 2. A number of students in a college 
or school, of the same standing, or pursuing the same 
studies. 3. Scientific division or arrangement; a set of 
beings or things having something in common, or ranged 
under a common denomination. 

GLXSS, v. t. 1. To arrange in a class or classes ; to arrange 
in sets or ranks, according to some method founded on 
natural distinctions. 2. To place in ranks or divisions 
students that are pursuing the same studies ; to form into 
a class or classes. — Syn. To arrange ; distribute ; classify ; 
rank. 

CLASSED (klast), pp. Arranged in a class or in sets. 

GLAS'SIG, \a. [L. classicus.] 1. Relating to ancient 

GLAS'SIG-AL, 3 Greek and Roman authors of the first 
rank or estimation. 2. Pertaining to writers of the first 
rank among the moderns ; being of the first order. 3. 
Pertaining to a class or classis. 

GLAS'SIG, n. 1. An author of the first rank; a writer whose 
style is pure, correct, and refined ; primarily, a Greek or 
Roman author of this character. 2. A book written by an 
author of the first class. 

glIIIig-aLness, } n - 1** ^^ of bein s c lassicaL 

GLAS'SIG-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of classes ; ac- 
cording to a regular order of classes or sets. 2. In a clas- 
sical manner; according to the manner of classical authors. 



GLAS-SIF'IG, a. Constituting a class or classes noting 
classification, or the order ot distribution into sets. — Med. 
Repos. [Rare.] 
CLAS-SI-FI-C A'TION, n. The act of forming into a class or 
classes ; distribution into sets, sorts, or ranks. 

GLAS'SI-FI-GA-TO-RY, n. Belonging to classification. 
€LAS'SI-Fli£D, pp. or a. Arranged in classes ; formed into 

a class or classes. 
GLAS'SI-FY, v.t. [L. classis.] To make a class or classes , 
to distribute into classes ; to arrange in sets according to 
some common properties or characters. 
GLAS'SI-Fy-ING, ppr. Forming a class or classes ; arrang- 
ing in sorts or ranks. 

GLASSING, ppr. Arranging in a class or classes. 

GL AS'SIS, n. 1. Class ; order ; sort 2. A judicatory in the 
Reformed Dutch and French Churches, corresponding to 
a presbytery. 

CLATTER, v. i. [D. klateren.] 1. To make rattling sounds ; 
to make repeated sharp sounds, as by striking sonorous 
bodies. 2. To utter continual or repeated sharp sounds, 
or rattling sounds, by being struck together. 3. To talk 
fast and idly ; to run on ; to rattle with the tongue. 

CLATTER v. t. 1. To strike and make a rattling noise. 2. 
To dispute, jar, or clamor. 

CLATTER, n. 1. A rapid succession of abrupt, sharp sounds, 
made by the collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies ; 
rattling sounds. Tumviltuous and confused noise ; a rep- 
etition of abrupt, sharp sounds. 

GLATTER-ER, ft. One who clatters ; a babbler. 

GLATTER-ING, ppr. or a. Making or uttering sharp, ab- 
rupt sounds, as by a collision of sonorous bodies ; talking 
fast with noise ; rattling. 

GLAT'TER-ING, n. A rattling noise. 

CLAT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With clattering. 

GLAU'DENT, a. [L. claudens.] Shutting ; confining ; draw- 
ing together. [Little used.] 

CLAU'DI-GANT, a. Halting ; limping. [Little used.] 

CLAU'DI-CaTE, v.t. [L. claudico.] To halt or limp. [Lit- 
tle used, orjiot at all.] 

GLAU-DI-G A'TION, n. A halting or limping. [Little used, j 

CLAUSE, n. [Fr. clause ; L. clausura.] 1. A member of a 
period or sentence ; a subdivision of a sentence. 2. An 
article, or a distinct part of a contract, will, agreement, 
charter, commission, or other writing. 

GLAUS'THAL-lTE, n. Native seleniuret of lead, having a 
lead gray color. 

GLAUS'TRAL, a. [L. claustrum.] Relating to a cloister, or 
religious house. 

GLAU'SU-LAR, a. Consisting of, or having clauses.— Smart 

CLAUS'URE (klaw'zhur), n. 1. The act of shutting up or 
confining; confinement; [little used.] — 2. In anatomy, an 
imperforated canal. 

CLa'VATE, )a. [L. clava.] 1. Club-shaped; having the 

CLa'Va-TED, > form of a club ; growing gradually thick- 
er toward the top, as certain parts of a plant 2. Set with 
knobs. 

CLAVE, pret. of cleave. 

GLAV'EL-LX-TED, a. An epithet applied to potash and 
pearlash (clavellati cineres), from the billets of wood with 
which they were burned. — Core.. 

tGLA'VER, n. [Sax. clafer.] Clover.— Sandys. 

€La'VI-A-RY, n. [L. clavis.] In music, an index of keys, cr 
a scale of lines and spaces. 

GLAV'I-GHORD, n. A musical instrument like the spinet 

CLAV'I-CLE, n. The collar bone. 

GLAV'I-CORN, n. The name of a family of insects. 

CLA-VIG-U-LAR, a. Pertaining to the clavicle. 

€La'VI-ER, n. [L. clavis.] In music, an assemblage of ail 
the keys of an organ or piano-forte, representing all the 
sounds used in melody and harmony. 

GLAV'I-GER n. [L. clavis and gero.] One who keeps the 
keys of any place. 

CLAW, n. [Sax. claw.] 1. The sharp, hooked nail of a beast 
bird, or other animal. 2. The whole foot of an animal, 
armed with hooked nails. 3. The hand, in contempt. 

CLAW, v. t. [Sax. clawen.] 1. To pull, tear, or scratch with 
the nails. 2. To scratch or tear in general ; to tickle. 3. 
To flatter; [obs.] — To claw off, or away. 1. To scold or 
rail at.. — 2. In seamanship, to turn to windward and beat, 
to prevent falling on a lee shore. — Hence, in vulgar Ian 
guage, to get oft* or escape. 

GLAW'BACK, n. One who flatters; a sycophant; awheed 
ler — Jewel. 

t GLAW'BACK, a. Flattering.— Bishop Hall. 

CLAWED (klawd), pp. 1. Scratched j pulled or torn with 
claws. 2. a. Furnished with claws. — Grew. 

CLAWING, ppr. Pulling, tearing, or scratching with claws 
or nails. 

CLAW'ING-OFF, n. The act of beating or working off 
from a lee shore, or from another vessel. — Totten. 

GLAWLE3S, a. Destitute of claws. — Journ. of Science. 

CLaY, n. [Sax. clag.] 1. The name of certain substances 
which are mixtures' of silica and alumina, sometimes witk 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CTOUS.— C as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



CLE 



180 



CLE 



lime, magnesia, alkali, and metallic oxyds; a species of 
earths, tenacious, and capable of being kneaded with wa- 
ter. —2. In poetry and in Scripture, earth in general. — 3. In 
Scripture, clay is used to express frailty, liableness to de- 
cay and destruction. 

CLiY, v. t. 1. To cover or manure with clay. 2. To purify 
and whiten with clay, as sugar. 

GLiY-BRAlN'ED, a. Stupid.— Shak. 

GLa Y'-BUlLT (-bilt), a. Built with clay. 

CLIY'-CoLD, a. Cold as clay or earth ; lifeless. — Rome. 

€L aY'-GROUND, n. Ground consisting of clay, or abound- 
ing -with it. 

CLaY-LAND, \n. Land consisting of clay, or abounding 

GLaY'-SOIL, 5 with it. 

GLaY'-MaRL, n. A whitish, smooth, chalky clay. 

GLaY'-PIT, n. A pit where clay is dug.— Woodward. 

GLaY'-SLITE, n. In mineralogy, argillaceous schist; ar- 
gillite. 

GLaY'-SToNE, n. An earthy stone resembling compact or 
calcareous marl; Xhethonstein of Werner. 

CLaYED, pp. or a. 1. Covered or manured with clay. 2. 
Purified and whitened with clay. 

GLaYES. 7i.pl. [Fr. elate.] In fortification, wattles or hur- 
dles made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover 
lodgments. 

GLaY'EY, a. Consisting of clay ; abounding with clay ; 
partaking of clay ; like clay. 

CLaYTNG, ppr. 1. Covering or manuring with clay. 2. 
Purifying with clay. 

GLIY'ISH, a. Partaking of the nature of clay, or contain- 
ing particles of it. 

CLIY'MoRE, n. A large sword used formerly by the Scot- 
tish Highlanders. 

CLEAN, a. [Sax. clane.] 1. Free from dirt, or other foul 
matter. 2. Free from weeds or stones, as a field. 3. Free 
from knots or branches ; as, clean timber. In America, 
clear is generally used. 4. Free from moral impurity ; in- 
nocent; pure. 5. Free from ceremonial defilement. 6. 
Free from guilt ; sanctified ; holy. 7. That might be eaten 
or used by the Hebrews. 8. Free from a foul disease ; 
cured of leprosy. 9. Dextrous ; adroit ; not bungling ; 

■ free from awkwardness ; as,, a clean conveyance, beyond 
detection. 10. Free from infection. 

GLEAN, adv. 1. Quite ; perfectly ; wholly ; entirely ; fully. 
2._Without miscarriage ; dextrously. 

CLEAN, v. t. [Sax. clcenan.] To remove all foreign matter 
from ; to purify ; to cleanse. 

GLeAN'-HAND-ED, a. Having clean hands. 

GLeAN'-HEaRT-ED, a. Having a p\ire heart. 

t CLeAN'-TIM'BERED, a. Well-proportioned. 

GLEANED (kleend), pp. Freed from filth or dirt. 

GLeAN'ER, n. A person or thing that cleans. 

GLeAN'ING, ppr. Freeing from filth. 

■CLEANING, n. 1. The act of making clean. 2. The after- 
birth of cows, ewes, &c. 

GLEAN'LI-NESS (klenle-ness), n. 1. Freedom from dirt, 
filth, or any foul, extraneous matter. 2. Neatness of per- 
son or dress ; piirity. 

t CLeAN'LI-LY (klenle-ly), adv. In a cleanly manner. 

GLeAN'LY (klenly), a. 1. Free from dirt, filth, or any foul 
matter ; neat ; carefully avoiding filth. 2. Pure ; free 
from mixture ; innocent ; as, cleanly joys. — Prior, [rare.] 

3. Cleansing ; making clean. 4. Nice ; artful ; dextrous ; 
adroit; [obsolete.] 

GLeAN'LY (klenly), adv. In a clean manner ; neatly ; 
without filth. 

CLeAN'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from dirt, filth, and foreign 
matter; neatness. 2. Freedom from infection or a foul 
disease. 3. Purity in respect to style ; as, cleanness of ex- 
pression.— Dryden, [obs.] 4. Pmity ; innocence. — In Scrip- 
ture, cleanness of hands denotes innocence. Cleanness of 
teeth denotes want of provisions. 

CLE ANSA -BLE (klenz'a-bl), a. That may be cleansed. 

CLEANSE (klenz), v. t. [Sax. clcensian.] 1. To purify ; to 
make clean ; to remove filth or foul matter. 2. To free 
from a foul or infectious disease ; to heal. 3. To free 
from ceremonial pollution, and consecrate to a holy use. 

4. To purify from guilt or crime. Commonly with away ; 
as, to cleanse away iniquities. 

CLEANSED (klenzd), pp. Purified ; made clean ; purged ; 
healed. 

GLEANS'ER (klenz'er), n. He or that which cleanses. — 
In medicine, a detergent. 

CLEANSING (klenz'ing), ppr. or a. Purifying ; making 
clean ; purging ; removing foul or noxious matter from ; 
freeing from guilt. 

CLEANSING (klenz'ing), n. The act of purifying purging, 
or freeing from guilt. 

CLEAR, a. [W. claer.] 1. Open ; free from obstruction. 
2. Free from clouds, or fog ; serene. 3. Free from foreign 
matter ; unmixed. 4. Free from any thing that creates 
doubt or uncertainty ; apparent; evident; manifest; not 
obscure ; conspicuous ; that is, open to the mind. 5. Un- 



clouded ; luminous ; not obscured. 6. Unobstructed ; un 
obscured. 7. Perspicacious ; sharp. 8. Not clouded with 
care or ruffled by passion ; cheerful ; serene. 9. Evident 
undeniable ; indisputable. 10. Quick to understand ; 
prompt ; acute. 11. Free from guilt or blame ; innocent ; 
unspotted; irreproachable. 12. Free from bias; unpre 
possessed ; not preoccupied ; impartial. 13. Free from 
debt or obligation ; not liable to prosecution. 14. Free 
from deductions or charges. 15. Not entangled ; unem 
barrassed ; free. A ship is clear when so far from land as 
to be out of danger. 16. Open; distinct; not jarring or 
harsh. 17. Liberated ; freed ; acquitted of charges. 18 
Free from spots or any thing that disfigures. — Syn. Pure ; 
unmixed ; pellucid ; transparent ; luminous ; obvious ; 
visible ; plain ; evident ; apparent ; manifest ; distinct ; 
perspicuous. 

CLEAR, adv. 1. Plainly ; not obscurely ; manifestly. 2. 
Clean ; quite ; entirely ; wholly ; indicating entire separa- 
tion. — Clear, or in the clear, among joiners and carpenters, 
is applied to the nett distance between two bodies, where 
no other intervenes, or between their nearest surfaces 3 
e.g., to the space between the walls of a room. 

CLEAR, v. t. 1. To make clear; to fine; to remove any 
thing foreign ; to separate from any foul matter ; to puri- 
fy ; to clarify. 2. To free from obstructions. 3. To free 
from any thing noxious or injurious. 4. To remove em- 
barrassment. 5. To free ; to liberate or disengage ; to ex ■ 
onerate. 6. To cleanse. 7. To remove any thing that 
obscures. 8. To free from obscurity, perplexity, or am- 
biguity. 9. To purge from the imputation of guilt ; to 
justify or vindicate. — 10. In a legal sense, to acquit on trial, 
by verdict. 11. To make gain or profit, beyond all ex- 
penses and charges. 12. To remove wood from land ; to 
cut down trees, remove or burn them, and prepare land 
for tillage or pasture. 13. To leap over without touching ; 
as, to clear a fence or ditch. W. Scott. — To clear a ship at 
the custom-house, is to perform the required conditions at 
the custom-house, and procure a permission to sail. — To 
clear the land, in marine language, is to have open sea- 
room, without danger of going on shore. — To clear the 
hold, is to empty or unload a ship. — To clear for action, to 
remove every encumbrance from the decks, and prepare 
to_ fight. 

CLEAR, v. i. 1. To become free from clouds or fog ; to be 
come fair. 2. To be disengaged from encumbrances, dis- 
tress, or entanglements ; to become free or disengaged. 



CLSAR'-SHlNTNG, a. Shining with brightness or unob- 
structed splendor. 

CLeAR'-SIGHT'ED, a. Seeing with clearness ; having 
acuteness of sight ; discerning ; perspicacious. 

CLeAR'-SiGHT'ED-NESS, n. Acute discernment. 

CLeAR'-STaRCH, v. t. To stiffen with starch, and then 
clear by clapping between the hands. 

GLeAR'-STARCHED (-starcht), pp. or a. Stiffened and 
cleared with starch. 

CLeAR'-STaRCH'EPv,, n. One who clear-starches. 

GLeAR'-STaRCH'ING, ppr. 1. Stiffening with starch, and 
then clearing by clapping between the hands. 2. n. The 
act of stiffening with starch, and then clearing by clapping 
between the hands. 

CLeAR'-STo-RY, to. In Gothic architecture, an upper story, 
or row of windows, in a church, tower, or other erection 
rising clear above the adjoining parts of the building.— 
Gloss, of Arch. 

CLeAPl'-ToNED, a. Having a clear sound. 

GLEAR'AGE, n. The removing of any thing. [Little used.} 

CLEARANCE, n. A certificate that a ship or vessel has 
been cleared at the custom-house ; permission to sail. 

CLEARED, pp. or a. Purified ; freed from foreign matter, 
or from encumbrance ; made manifest; made luminous ; 
cleansed ; liberated ; acquitted. 

CLeAR'ER, n. That which clears, purifies, or enlightens , 
that which brightens. 

CLEARING, ppr. Purifying; removing foul matter, encum- 
brances, or obstructions ; making evident, or luminous ; 
cleansing ; liberating ; disengaging ; acquitting ; making 
gain beyond all costs and charges. 

CLeAR'ING, n. 1. A defense ; justification ; vindication 
2. A place or tract of land cleared of wood, for cultivation . 
[a common use of the word in America.] 3. The act of mak 
ing clear. 

CLeAR'ING-HOUSE, n. A place in London where bank 
ers meet daily, to exchange drafts and settle balances. 

CLeAP/LY, adv. 1. Plainly ; evidently ; fully ; distinctly 
2. Without obstruction ; luminously. 3. With clear dis 
cernment. 4. Without entanglement or confusion. 5 
Plainly ; honestly ; candidly ; explicitly. 6. Without re 
serve, evasion, or subterfuge. 

CLeAR'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from lorn or extraneous 
matter ; purity. 2. Freedom from obstruction or encum 
brance. 3. Freedom from fogs or clouds ; openness 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, &% long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WPIAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



cm: 



181 



CLI 



4. Fieedom from mental obscurity; distinctness; perspi- 
cuity ; luminousness. 5. Plainness, or plain dealing ; sin- 
cerity ; honesty ; fairness ; candor. 6. Freedom from im- 
putation of ill. 7. Freedom from spots or any thing that 
disfigures. 

GLeAT, n. 1. A narrow strip of wood, nailed on, in join- 
ery. 2. A term applied to small wooden projections in 
tackle, to fasten ropes by. 

GLeAVA-BLE, a. That may cleave or be divided. 

CLeAVAgE, n. 1. The act of cleaving or splitting. 2. In 
mineralogy, the capability observed in crystals to undergo 
mechanical division in certain fixed directions. 

CLEAVE, v. i. ; pret. clave or cleaved. [Sax. cleojian.] 1. To 
stick ; to adhere ; to hold to ; and hence, to unite aptly ; 
to fit. 2. To adhere to morally, i. e., to unite or be united 
closely in interest or affection ; to adhere with strong at- 
tachment. 

GLeAVE, v. t. ; pret cleft ; pp. cleft or cleaved. The old 
pret. clove is obsolete ; clave is obsolescent. The old par- 
ticiple cloven is obsolescent, or, rather, used as an adjec- 
tive. [Sax. cleojian or clifian.] 1. To part or divide by 
force ; to split or rive ; to open or sever the covering parts 
of a body. 2. To part or open naturally. — Deut., xiv., 6. 

CLEAVE, v. i. To part ; to open ; to crack ; to separate, 
as parts of cohering bodies. 

GLeAVjBD, pp. Split ; rived ; divided. 

GLeAVE'LAND-iTE, n. A variety of the mineral albite, 
occurring in thin white or bluish-white plates, forming 
wedge-shaped masses. It is named after Prof. Cleaveland, 
of Bowdoin College, Maine. 

GLeAV'ER, n. 1. One who cleaves. 2. That which cleaves ; 
a butcher's instrument for cutting animal bodies into 
joints or pieces. 

GLeAVTNG, ppr. Sticking ; adhering ; uniting to. Also, 
splitting; dividing; riving. 

GLfiAVTNG, n. The forcible separation of a body into 
parts ; particularly, of wood in the direction of its fibres. 

CLE CHE, n. In heraldry, a kind of cross. 

GLEDgE, n. Among miners, the upper stratum of fuller's 
earth. 

GLEDdT, a. A term applied to stiff, tenacious, clayey soils. 
— Holloway. 

GLEF, ». [Fr. clef] A character in music, used to mark 
the position of the letters or sounds on the staff. 

GLEFT, pp. or a. [from cleaoe.] Divided ; split ; parted 
asunder. 

GLEFT, n. 1. A space or opening made by splitting. 2. A 
disease in horses ; a crack on the bought of the pastern. 
3. A piece made by splitting. — Syn. Crack ; crevice ; fis- 
sure; chink; cranny. 

GLEFT-FOOT-ED, a. Having a cloven foot. 

CLEFT-GRIFT, v. t. To ingraft by cleaving the stock, 
and inserting a cion. 

CLEFT-GRIFT-ING, n. A mode of grafting, in which the 
cion is inserted in a cleft made in the stock. 

GLEG, n. [Dan. klceg.] The horse-fly. 

t GLEM, v. i. [Ger. klemmen.] To starve. — Ben Jonson. 

GLEM'A-TIS, n. The virgin's bower, a climbing plant ; so 
called from its clemata, or tendrils. 

GLEM'EN-CY, n. [L. dementia.] 1. A disposition to treat 
with favor and kindness. 2. A disposition to treat with 
lenity, to forgive or to spare, as offenders ; opposed to se- 
verity, harshness, or rigor. 3. Softness in respect to the 
elements ; as, the clemency of the season. Dry den. — Syn. 
Mildness ; tenderness ; indulgence ; lenity ; mercy ; gen- 
tleness; compassion. 

CLEMENT, a. Mild in temper and disposition. — Syn. Gen- 
tle; lenient; merciful; kind; tender; compassionate. 

GLEM'ENT-lNE, a. Pertaining to St. Clement, or to his 
compilations, or to the constitutions of Clement the Fifth. 

GLEM'ENT-LY, adv. With mildness of temper; merciful- 
ly. — Taylor. 

CLENCH. See Clinch. 

t GLePE, v. t. or i. [Sax. clepan.] To call or name. — Shak. 
For ycleped, -see Ycleped. 

GLEP-SAM'MI-A, n. [Gr. kXetttm and a^ics.] An instrument 
for measuring time by sand, like an hour-glass. 

GLEP'SY-DRA, n. [L.] 1. A time-piece used by the Greeks 
and Romans, which measured lime by the discharge of a 
certain quantity of water. 2. A chemical vessel. 

GLeRE'-STo-RY. See Clear-story. 

t GLER'GlG-AL, a. Pertaining to the clergy. See Clerical. 

GLER6Y, n. pi. [Fr. clerge.] 1. The body of men set apart 
to the service of God, in the Christian Church ; the body 
of ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. — In England, 
the term is confined to ministers of the established church. 
2. The privilege or benefit of clergy. Blackstone.— Benefit 
of clergy, in English law, originally, the exemption of the 
persons of clerks, or clergymen, from criminal process, 
before a secular judge. This was extended to all who 
could read, such persons being clerks in the eye of the law. 

GLER'GY-A-BLE, a. Entitled to or admitting the benefit 
of clergy. — Blackstone. 



GLER'GY-MAN, /?. A man in holy order.-: ; a m,.n legularlj 
authorized to preach the Gosjel and administer .ts ordi 
nances. — In England, the term is confined to ministers of 
the established church. 

GLER.TC, n. A clerk or clergyman. — Horsley. 

CLERIC, a. Relating to the character of a clergyman. 

CLER'IC-AL, a. [L. clericus.] Belonging to the'clergy. 

GLERI-SY, n. The literati or well-educated. 

CLERK, u. [Sax. cleric ; L. clericus.] 1. A clergyman, or 
ecclesiastic ; a man in holy orders ; [English.] 2. A man 
that can read ; [obs.] 3. A man of letters ; a scholar. — Sid- 
ney, [obs.] 4. In modem usage, a writer; one who is em- 
ployed in the use of the pen, in an office, public or private. 
5. An assistant in a shop or store, who sells goods, keeps 
accounts, &c. 6. A layman who is the reader of responses 
in church service. 

GLERK'-aLE, n. In England, the feast of the parish 
clerk. 

CLERK'-LIKE, a. Like a clerk ■ learned.— Shak. 

tGLERK'LESS, a. Ignorant; unlearned. — Waterhouse. 

CLERK'LY, a. Scholar-like. — Cranmer. 

CLERK'LY, adv. In a learned manner. — Gascoigne. 

CLERK/SHIP, n. 1. A state of being in holy orders. 2. 
Scholarship. 3. The office or business of a clerk. — Swift. 

GLER'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. xhipos and fxavreia.] A divination 
by throwing dice or little bones, and observing the points 
or marks turned up. 

GLER'STO-RY. See Clear-story. 

GLeVE, } In the composition of names, denote a place situ 

GLIF, > ated on or near a cliff, on the side of a hill, 

GLlVE, ) rock, or precipice ; as, Cleveland, Clifton. 

CLEVER, a. 1. Dextrous ; adroit ; using tools or other 
means of accomplishing an end with readiness and skill , 
as, a clever artisan, a clever chambermaid. 2. Expert ; in- 
genious ; handling all subjects requiring intellectual ability 
with skill, dexterity, and success ; as, a clever reviewer, a 
clever debater. It does not denote, however, the highesi; 
order of talent. 3. Executed or performed with adroit- 
ness and dexterity ; as, a clever review, a clever speech, a 
clever device or trick.— 4. In New England, good-natured, 
possessing an agreeable mind or disposition. 

CLE V'ER-LY, adv. Fitly ; dextrously ; handsomely. 

GLEV'ER-NESS, n. 1. Dexterity ; adroitness ; skill.— 2. In 
New England, mildness or agreeableness of disposition ; 
obligingness ; good nature. 

CLE VT ' \ n ' Tiie draft""" 011 on a plow; cart, &c. 

CLEW, n. [Sax. cleow, cliwe.] 1. A ball of thread. 2. The 
thread that forms a ball ; the thread that is used to guide 
a person in a labyrinth. Hence, any thing that guides or 
directs one in an intricate case. 3. The lower corner of a 
square-sail, and the aftermost corner of a stay-sail. 

CLEW, v. t. 1. In seamanship, to truss up to the yard, by 
means of clew-garnets, or clew-lines, in order to furling 
2. To direct 

CLEW'-GaR'NETS, n. pi. In marine language, a sort of 
tackle, or rope and pulley, fastened to the clews of the 
main and fore sails, to truss them up to the yard. 

GLEW'-LlNES, n. pi. These are the same tackle, and used 
for the like purpose as clew-garnets. 

GLEW-ED (klude), pp. Trussed up, as sails. 

CLEWING, ppr. Trussing up. 

CLICK, v. i. [D. klikken.] To make a small, sharp noise, 
or, rather, a succession of such sounds, as by a gentle 
striking. 

CLICK, n. A pall, or small piece of iron falling into a notched 
or ratchet wheel. 

CLICK, n. 1. A small, sharp sound. 2. A door-latch ; [local.] 

CLICK'ER, n. The servant of a salesman, who stands at 
the door to invite customers. [Not used in the U. States.] 

GLIGK'ET, n. The knocker of a door. [Not used in the 
United States.] 

CLICKING, ppr. or a. Making small, sharp noises. 

CLICKTNG, n. A small, sharp noise. 

GLl'ENT. n. [Fr. client; L. cliens.] 1. Among the Romans, 
a citizen who put himself under the protection of a man 
of distinction and influence, who, in respect to that rela- 
tion, was called his patron. 2. One who applies to a law- 
yer or counselor for advice in a question of law, or com- 
mits his cause to his management. 3. A dependent 

GLI-ENT'AL, a. Dependent— Burke. [Unusual.] 

GLl'ENT-ED, a. Supplied with clients.— Carew. 

t €LI-EN-TkLE', n. The condition or office of a client. 
Bp. Hall. 

CLi'ENT-SHIP, n. The condition of a client; a state of be- 
ing under the protection of a patron. 

CLIFF, n. [Sax. clifi] 1. A steep bank, 2. A high and 
steep rock ; any precipice. [This word has been some- 
times written clift.] 

CLIFF, in music. See Clef. 

CLIFF'Y, a. Having cliffs; broken; craggy. 

GLIFT'ED, a. Broken. 

GLIFT'Y, a. The same as cliffy. — Pennant. 



D6 V E ;• -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— G asK;GasJ;SasZ;eHasSH;THaBin this, t Obsolete. 



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3LI-MAGTER, ft. [G>\ icXinaKTrip.] 1. A critical year in 
human life. 2. A certain space of time ; [not used.] 

* GLI-MAG'TER-I€, la. [Gr. K \ifxaKTnpiKog.] Literally, 
GLI-M aC-TER'IC-A L, > noting a scale, progression, or gra- 
dation ; properly, denoting a critical period of human life. 

* GLI-MAGTER-IG, n. A critical period in human life, or 

a period in which some great change is supposed to take 
place in the human constitution. The critical periods are 
supposed by some persons to be the years produced by 
multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9 ; to which 
others add the 81st year. The 63d year is called the grand 
climacteric. 

CLT-MA-TaRCH'IC, a. [Gr. kXiucl and apxn-] Presiding 
over climates. 

GLl'MATE, n. [Gr. K^ifia.] 1. In geography, a part of the 
surface of the earth, bounded by two circles parallel to the 
equator, and of such a breadth that the longest day in the 
parallel nearest the pole is half an hour longer than that 
nearest to the equator. The climates within the polar cir- 
cles are measured by a month instead of half an hour. 
2. The condition of a place in relation to the various mete- 
orological phenomena, as temperature, moisture, &c. 

GLl'MATE, v. i. To dwell ; to reside in a particular region. 
— Shak. [Little used.] 

GLI-MATIC, > a. Pertaining to a climate ; limited by a 

GLI-MAT'IC-AL, 5 climate.— S. S. Smith. 

GLl-MA-TIC'I-TY, n. The property of climatizing. 

€Ll'MA-TlZE, v. t. To accustom to a new climate, as a 
plant. 

GLl'MA-TlZE, v. i. To become accustomed to a new cli- 
mate. [Useless.] 

GLl'MA-TlZJED, pp. Accustomed to a new climate. 

GLl-MA-TOL'O-dY, n. [Gr. Kh/xa and Xoyos.] The science 
of climates ; an account of the different climates ; the in- 
vestigation of those causes on which the climate of a place 
depends. — Bran de. 

r CLl'MA-TEJRE, n. A climate.— Shak. 

GLl'MAX, n. [Gr. k\iixu\.] 1. Gradation; ascent; a figure 
of rhetoric, in which a sentence rises, as it were, step by 
step. 2. A sentence, or series of sentences, in which the 
successive members or sentences rise in force, import- 
ance, or dignity to the close of the sentence or series. 

CLIMB (klime), v. i. ; pret. and pp. climbed, or clomb, but the 
latter is not elegant. [Sax. climan, or climban.] 1. To 
creep up by little and little, or step by step ; to rise on any 
fixed object, by seizing it with the hands and lifting the 
body, and by thrusting with the feet. 2. To mount or as- 
cend with labor and difficulty. 3. To rise or ascend with 
a slow motion ; as, " black vapors climb aloft." — Dm/den. 
4. To mount or climb by means of tendrils or adhesive 
fibres ; [applied to plants.] 

GLlMB (klime), v. t. 1. To ascend by means of the hands 
and feet, implying labor, difficulty, and slow progress. 

2. To mount or ascend with labor or a slow motion. 3. To 
mount or climb by means of tendrils or adhesive fibres ; 
| applied to plants.] 

CLIMB' A-BLE (klim'a-bl), a. That may be climbed. 

GLlMB£D (klimd), pp. Ascended by the use of the hands 
and feet, or by tendrils ; ascended with labor. 

GLlMB'ER (klim'er), n. 1. One who climbs, mounts, or 
rises by the bands and feet; one who rises by labor or 
effort. 2. A plant that creeps and rises on some support. 

3. One of an order of birds that climb. 

f GLlMB'ER, v. i. To climb ; to mount with effort. 

GLlMB'ING, ppr. or a. Ascending by the use of the hands 
and feet, or by tendrils ; ascending with difficulty. 

GLlMB'ING, n. The act of ascending. 

GLlME, n. [L. clima.] A climate ; a tract or region of the 
earth; [a 'poetical word, but sometimes vised in prose.] 
See Climate. 

GLINCH, v. t. [D. klinken.] 1. To gripe with the hand. 
2. To bend the point of a nail, &c, as on the other side of 
a board, and thus to fix or fasten. Hence, 3. To make 
firm or binding; as, to clinch an argument. 

GLINCH, v. i. To hold fast upon. 

GLINCH, n. 1. A word used in a double meaning ; a pun ; 
an ambiguity ; a duplicity of meaning, with identity of ex- 
pression. 2. A witty, ingenious reply. 3. In seaman's lan- 
guage, the part of a cable which is fastened to the ring of 
an anchor. 

CLINCHED (klincht), pp. Made fast by doubling or em- 
bracing closely. 

GLINCH'ER, n. 1. That which clinches ; a cramp or piece 
of iron bent down to fasten any thing. 2. One who makes a 
smart rebly ; [rare.] 3. Figuratively, that which makes fast. 

GLINCH'ER-BUiLT (-bilt), ? ., , - ,. ■ , 

CLINKER-BUILT \ a - Made of clincher-work. 

GLINCH'ER-WdRK, n. In ship-building, the disposition 
of the planks in the side of a boat or vessel, when the 
lower edge of every plank overlays the next below it, like 
elates on the roof of a house. 

GLINCH'ING, ppr. Making fast by doubling over or em- 
bracing closely ; griping with the fist. 



GLING, v. i. ; pret and pp. clung. [Sax. clingan.] 1. To 
adhere closely ; to stick to, as a viscous substance ; to hold 
fast upon, especially by winding round or embracing 
2. To adhere closely and firmly, in interest or affection. 

t GLING, v. t. To dry up, or wither; as, "till famine cling 
thee." — Shak. 

GLING'-SToNE, n. [cling and stone.] A variety of peach 
whose pulp adheres closely to the stone. 

CLINGING, ppr. Adhering closely ; sticking to ; winding 
round and holding to. 

GLING'Y, a. Apt to cling; adhesive. 

GLIN'IG, la. [Gr. k^ivikos.] In a general sense, pertain 

GLIN'IG-AL, 3 ing to a bed. A clinical lecture is a dis 
course delivered at the bedside of the sick. 

GLIN'IG, n. One confined to the bed by sickness. 

GLIN'IG-AL-LY, adv. In a clinical manner ; by the bedside 

CLINK, v. t. [Sw. klinga.] To ring or jingle ; to make & 
small, sharp sound, or a succession of such sounds. 

CLINK, n. A sharp sound, made by the collision of small 
sonorous bodies. 

CLINK, v. i. To utter a small, sharp noise. — Prior. 

GLINK'-SToNE, n. [clink and stone.] A slaty mineral 
which rings, or clinks, when struck. 

CLINK'ER, 7i. 1. Vitreous matter which collects in fur 
naces where stone-coal is used ; slag. 2. A very hart" 
kind of brick. 

CLINKING, ppr. Making a small, sharp sound, or succe? 
sion of sounds. 

GLl-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. *Xu<w and utrpov.] An instru 
ment for measuring the dip of mineral strata. 

CLIN-O-MET'RIG-AL, a. Performed by a clinometer. 

CLINQUANT (klink'ant), n. [Ft.] Tinsel ; false glitter — 
Shak. 

CLINQ'UANT (klink'ant), a. [Fr.| Glittering; dressed in 
tinsel finery. — Shak. [Not English.] 

GLl'O, 7i. [L.] In mijihology y the muse who presided over 
history. 

CLIP, v. t. [Sax. clypan.] 1. To cut off with shears or scis 
sors ; to separate by a sudden stroke. 2. To diminish 
coin by paring the edge. 3. To curtail ; to cut short ; as, 
to clip the king's English. 4. To confine ; to embrace ; to 
hug. — Shak. ; [little used.] 5. To run rapidly, a term in fal- 
conry ; as Dryden says of the falcon, " Straight flies at check, 
and clips it down the wind." This is still retained in Neu 
England ; as, '; he clips it," of one who runs very fast. 

CLIP, v. i. A term in falconry. — Dryden. 

CLIP, ft. 1. A blow or stroke with the hand.— New Englana. 
2. The act or product of sheep-shearing ; as, there will be 
a large clip this year. — Forby's East Anglia. [Tins is still 
retained in New England.] 3. An embrace ; that is, a 
throwing the arms round. — Sidney. 

CLIPPED, 1pp. or a. Cut off; cut short; curtailed; di- 

GLIPT, 5 minished by paring. 

CLIP'PER, 7i. One who clips ; especially one who cuts of! 
the edges of coin. 

CLIP'PING, ppr. Cutting off with shears or scissors ; di- 
minishing coin by paring off the edges ; curtailing. 

CLIP'PING, 7i. 1. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or di 
minishing. 2. That which is clipped off; a piece separat 
ed by clipping. 

■GL'iQUE (kleek), n. [Ft.] A narrow circle of persons ; a 
party. [Used, commonly, in a bad sense.] 

GLISH'-GLASH, v. i. To sound like the clashing of swords 

CLIV'ER. See Cleaver. 

CLIVERS, 71. A plant, the galium aparine. 

CLIV'I-TY, n. [L. clivus.] Inclination ; ascent or descent. 

GLo AK, 1 7i. [Sax. lach.] 1. A loose outer garment worn 

GLoKE, 5 over other clothes both by men and women 
2. A cover ; that which conceals ; a disguise or pretext ; 
an excuse ; a fair pretense. 

GLo AK, 1 v. t. 1. To cover with a cloak. 2. To use a false 

GLoKE, ) covering or pretense. — Syn. To hide ; conceal , 
mask ; cover ; veil ; screen. 

GLoAK'-BAG, n. A bag in which a cloak or other clothes 
are carried ; a portmanteau. 

GL0AK.ED (klokt), pp. Covered with a cloak ; concealed 
under a cover. 

CL5AK ED-LY, adv. In a concealed manner. 

CLOAKING, ppr. Covering with a cloak ; hiding under an 
external covering. 

t CLo'cHARD (klo'shard), n. A belfry.— Weever. 

CLOCK, 7i. [Sax. clugga ; D. klok ; G. klocke ; Dan. klokke ; 
Sw. klocka; Ft. cloche; W. cloc] 1. A machine which 
measures time and its divisions, by means of a pendulum 
and wheels moved by weights. The phrases, what o'clock 
is it ? it is nine o'clock, seem to be contracted from what 
of the clock ? it is nine of the clock. 2. A figure or figured 
work in the side or angle of a stocking. 

CLOCK, v. t. To call. See Cluck. 

CLOCK, v. i. To make a noise like the hen. 

€LO€K'-MaK-ER, 7i. An artificer whose occupation is U. 

f CLOCK'-SET-TER, n. One who regulates the clock. 



See Synopsis. A, F, I, &c, long— X, £, i, &c, sliort— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



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183 



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G1jOGK'-W6RK (-wurk), n, 1. The machinery and move- 
ments of a clock. 2. Well-adjusted work, with regular 
movement — Prior. 

CLOD, n. [D. kluit ; G. Mots.] 1. A hard lump of earth of 
any kind ; a mass of earth cohering. 2. A lump or mass 
of metal; [little used.] 3. Turf; the ground ; as, "the clod 
we tread." — Young. 4. That which is earthy, hase, and 
vile, as the hody of man compared to his soul. 5. A dull, 
gross, stupid fellow ; a dolt. 6. Any thing concreted ; 
[but clot is more common.] 

GLOD, v. i. To collect into concretions, or a thick mass ; 
to coagulate. See Clot. 

CLOD, v. t. To pelt with clods. 

GLODTJY, a. 1. Consisting of clods; abounding with clods. 
2. Earthy; mean; gross. 

CLOD HOP-PER, n. A clown ; a dolt. 

CLODTITE, n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a thickskulL 

CLOD'P IT-ED, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish. 

CLOD'PoLL, n. A stupid fellow; a dolt; a blockhead.— Shak. 

GLOFF, n. In commerce, the same with dough. 

GLOG, v. t. [W. cleg.] 1. To load or fill with something 
that retards or hinders motion. 2. To put on any thing 
that encumbers, with a view to hinder or restrain leaping ; 
to shackle. 3. To load with any thing that encumbers ; to 
burden ; to embarrass. 4. To obstruct natural motion, or 
render it difficult ; to hinder ; to impede. — Syn. Impede ; 
hinder ; obstruct ; embarrass ; burden ; restrain ; restrict. 

GLOG, v. i. 1. To coalesce ; to unite and adhere in a cluster 
or mass. 2. To form an accretion ; to be loaded or en- 
cumbered with extraneous matter. 

CLOG, n. 1. Any thing put upon an animal to hinder mo- 
tion or leaping, as a piece of wood fastened to his leg. 2. 
An encumbrance ; that which hinders motion, or renders 
it difficult 3. An over-shoe with a thick sole of leather 
or wood, for wet weatht r. 4. A wooden shoe. [Provin- 
cial in England.] — Syn. Load; weight; burden; encum- 
brance ; obstruction ; impediment ; hinderance. 

GLOSGED, pp. or a. Wearing a clog ; shackled ; obstruct- 
ed ; loaded with encumbrance. 

CLOG'GI-NESS, 7t. The state of being clogged. 

CLOGGING, ppr. Putting on a clog ; loading with encum- 
brance; obstructing; impeding. 

CLOG'GY, a. That does, or has power to clog; thick; gross. 

CLOISTER, n. [Tr.cloitre; Sax. cldustr.] 1. A monastery 
or nunnery ; a house inhabited by monks or nuns. 2. The 
principal part of a regular monastery, being a square, in 
which the monks meet for conversation. — 3. In architect- 
ure, an arcade or colonnade round an open court. 

CLOIS'TER, v. t. 1. To confine in a cloister or monastery. 
2. To shut up ; to confine closely within walls ; to im- 
mure ; to shut up in retirement from the world. 

CLOIS'TER-AL, a. Confined to a cloister; retired from 
the world ; recluse. Sometimes shortened into cloistral. 

CLOISTERED, pp. 1. Shut up in a cloister ; inhabiting a 
monastery. 2. a. Solitary; retired from the world. 3. 
Built around, as a court ; inclosed. 

GLOISTER-ER, n. One belonging to the cloister. 

GLOISTER-ING, ppr. Shutting up in a monastery ; con- 
fining ; secluding from the world. 

CLOISTRESS, n. A nun; a woman who has vowed relig- 
ious retirement. [Little used.] 

CLoKE. See Cloak. 

CLOMB, pret. of climb. 

CLONG, old part, of cling. 

CLON'IC, a [Gr. kAovo?.] Shaking; convulsive ; irregular. 
Coxe. — Clonic spasm, that in which the muscles or mus- 
cular fibres contract and relax alternately in quick suc- 
cession. 

GLOOM, v. t. [Sax. cl&man.] To close with glutinous mat- 
ter. — Mortimer. [Local] 

CLoSE (kloze), v. t. [Fr. clos.] 1. To shut ; to make fast, 
by pressing together, or by stopping an open place ; as, 
to close the eyes, to close a book. 2. To end ; to finish ; to 
conclude ; to complete ; to bring to a period ; as, to close 
a bargain, or contract 3. To unite, as the parts of a 
breach or wound ; to make whole ; to consolidate. 4. To 
cover ; to inclose ; to encompass ; to overwhelm. 5. To 
inclose ; to confine. [See Inclose.] 6. To move or bring 
together ; to unite separate bodies or parts. 
CLoSE, v. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce ; to come together, 
as the parts of a wound or fracture, or parts separated. 2. 
To end ; to terminate, or come to a period ; as, the day 
closed. 
7*" close on, or upon, to come to a mutual agreement ; to 
agree on or join in. — To close with, to accede to ; to con- 
sent or agree tc ; to unite with. — To close with, or to close 
in with, to unite ; to join closely ; to grapple, as persons 
in a contest 
GLoSE, 7i. 1. An inclosed place ; a small field surrounded 
by a fence or other body which defends or confines it. 2. 
Conclusion ; termination ; final end. 3. A temporary fin- 
fshing ; a pause ; rest ; cessation ; intermission ; as, at 
each close of a strain of music. 4. The manner of shut- 



ting ; as, the close of the doors was very exact ; [rare,] 5 
A grapple in wrestling. 
CLoSE, a. 1. Shut fast ; tight ; made fast, so as to have no 
opening. 2. Having parts firmly united ; compact ; dense ; 
applied to solid substances of any kind. 3. Having parts 
firmly adhering ; viscous ; tenacious. 4. Confined ; stag- 
nant ; without ventilation or motion. 5. Confined ; re- 
tired. 6. Hid ; private ; secret. 7. Confined within nai - 
row limits ; narrow. 8. Near ; within a small distance. 
9. Joined ; in contact, or nearly so ; crowded. 10. Com- 
pressed, as thoughts or words ; hence, brief ; concise ; op- 
posed to loose, or diffuse. 11. Very near, in place or time •, 
adjoining, or nearly so. 12. Having the quality of keep- 
ing secrets, thoughts, or designs ; cautious. 13. Having 
an appearance of concealment ; implying art craft, or 
wariness. 14. Intent ; fixed ; attentive ; pressing upon 
the object. 15. Full to the point ; home ; pressing. 1G. 
Pressing ; earnest ; warm. 17. Confined ; secluded from 
communication. 18. Covetous ; penurious ; not liberal. 
19. Applied to the weather or air, close, in popular lan- 
guage, denotes warm and damp, cloudy or foggy, or 
warm and relaxing, occasioning a sense of lassitude and 
depression. 20. Strictly adhering to the original. — 21. In 
heraldry, drawn in a coat of arms with the wing3 close, 
and in a standing posture. — Close communion, communiou 
at the Lord's table with one's own sect only. — Close elec- 
tion, one in which the votes are very nearly equal. — Clos* 
vote, one in which the vote3 on the different sides are very 
nearly equal. 

CLoSE, adv. Closely ; nearly ; densely ; secretly ; press- 
in sly. — Milton. 

€L5SS'-BAND-ED, a. Being in close order ; closely united. 

CLoSE'-BaRRED (-bard), a. Made close by bars"; firmly 
closed. 

CLoSE'-BOD-IED (-bod'id), a. Fitting the body exactly ; 
setting close, as a garment. 

CLoSE COM-MfJN'fON, n. The practice, in some sects, of 
admitting none, even to occasional communion, at the 
Lord's Supper, except those who embrace the distinctive 
peculiarities of the sect. 

CLoSE'-€OM-PAGT v ED, a. Being in compact order ; com- 
pact. — Addison. 

CLoSE COR-PO-R.ATION, n. A body or corporation which 
fills its own vacancies, and is not open to the public. 

CLoSE'-COUCHED (-koucht), a. Quite concealed.— M ilton. 

GLoSE'-GURTAIKED, a. Inclosed or surrounded with cur- 
tains. 

GLoSE'-FIST-ED, a. Covetous ; nissrardly.— Berkeley. 

GLoSE'-HAND-ED, a. Covetous ; penurious.— Hale. 

GLoSE'-HAND'ED-NESS, n. Covetousness. 

CLoSE'-HAULET). a. In seamanship, having the tacks or 
lower corners of "the sails drawn close to the side to wind- 
ward, and the sheets hauled close aft in sailing near the 
wind, that is. near that point from which the wind blows. 

GLOSE'-PENT, a. Shut close.— Dryden, 

CLoSE'-QUARTERS, n. pi. Strong barriers of wood used 
in a ship for defense when the ship is boarded. Hence, to 
come to close quarters, is to come into direct contact with 
an enemy. 

GLoSE'-SHUT, a. Shut closely. 

GLoSE'-STOOL, n. A chamber utensil for the convenience 
of the sick and infirm. 

GLoSE'-ToNGUED (-rungd), a. Keeping silence ; cautious 
in speaking. — Shak. 

CLoSED, TV- or a. Shut; made fast; ended; concluded. 

CLoSE'LY, adv. 1. In a close, compact manner ; with the 
parts united, or pressed together, so as to leave no vent. 
2. Nearly ; with little space intervening. 3. Intently : at- 
tentively ; with the mind or thoughts" fixed ; with n^ar 
inspection. 4. Secretly; slily. 5. With near affection, 
attachment or interest; intimately. 6. Strictly, within 
close limits ; without communication abroad. 7. With 
strict adherence to the ori<tinal. 

GLoSE'NESS, n. 1. The state of bein? shut pressed to- 
gether, or united. 2. Compactness ; solidity-. 3. Narrow- 
ness ; straitness. 4. Tightness in building, or in apart- 
ments ; firmness of texture in cloth, &c. 5. Want of ven- 
tilation. 6. Confinement or retirement of a person ; re- 
cluseness ; solitude. 7. Reserve in intercourse ; secrecy ; 
privacy ; caution. 8. Covetousness ; penuriousness. — Ad- 
dison. 9. Connection ; near union ; intimacy, whether of 
friendship or of interest. 10. Pressure ; urgency ; vari- 
ously applied; as, the closeness of the investigation. 11. 
Adherence to an original ; as, the closeness of a translation 
or version. 

GLoS'ER, n. A finisher ; one that concludes or finishes. 

CLOS'ET, n. 1. A small room or apartment for retirement ; 
any room for privacy. 2. An apartment for curiosities or 
valuable things. — Dn/den. 3. A small, close apartment or 
recess in the side of a room for repositing utensils and 
furniture. 

CLOS'ET, v. t. To shut up in a closet ; to cc nceal ; to take 
into a private apartment for consultation. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J, S as Z ; cH as SH , TH as in this , t Obsolete. 



CLO 



184 



CLO 



CLOS'ET-SIN, n. Sin committed in privacy. 

CLOS ET-ED, pp. Shut up in a closet ; concealed. 

€LOS'ET-ING, ppr. Shutting up in a private room ; con- 
cealing. I 

€LOSH, n. A disease in the feet of cattle ; called, also, the 
founder. 

GLoS'ING, ppr Shutting ; coalescing ; agreeing ; ending. 

GLoS'ING, a. That ends or concludes ; as, a closing word 
or letter. 

CLOSING, n. End; period; conclusion. 

CLoS'URE (klo'zhur), n. 1. The act of shutting; a closing. 
— Boyle. 2. That which closes, or shuts ; that by which 
separate parts are fastened, or made to adhere. — Pope. 3. 
Inclosure ; that which confines ; [obs.] 4. Conclusion. — 
Shak.; [obs.] 

CLOT, n. A concretion, particularly of soft or fluid matter, 
which concretes into a mass or lump. 

€LOT, v. i. 1. To concrete ; to coagulate, as soft or fluid 
matter into a thick, inspissated mass. 2. To form into 
clots or clods ; to adhere. 

CLOT'-BiRD, n. The common ananthe, or English ortolan. 

CLOT'-BUR, n. [G. hlette.] Burdock. 

GLOTH, n. [Sax. cloth. The plural is regular, cloths ; but 
when it signifies garments, it is written clothes.] 1. A 
manufacture or stuft" formed by weaving or intertexture 
of threads, and used for garments or other covering ; 
often, a fabric of wool in contradistinction to that made of 
other material. 2. The covering of a table ; usually called 
a table-cloth. 3. The canvas on which pictures are drawn. 
— Dryden ; [not used.] 4. A texture or covering put to a 
particular use ; as, cloth of state. 5. Dress ; raiment, [See 
Clothes.] 6. The covering of a bed ; [not used.] — 7. The 
cloth is familiarly used for the clerical profession or cler- 
gy. — Smart. So we say, " a person of your cloth." 

CLOTH'-SHEAR-ER, n. One who shears cloth, and frees 
it from superfluous nap. 

CLOTH'-WoRK-ER (-wurk-er), n. A maker of cloth. 

GLoTHE, v. t. ; pret. and pp. clothed, or clad. 1. To put on 
garments ; to invest the body with raiment ; to cover 
with dress. 2. To furnish with raiment ; to provide with 
clothes ; as, a master is to feed and clothe his apprentice. 
3. To put on ; to invest ; to cover, as with a garment ; as, 
to clothe thoughts in language. 4. To invest ; to surround ; 
to encompass. 5. To invest ; to give to by commission ; 
as, to clothe with authority. 6. To cover or spread over ; 
as, to clothe the fields with verdure. 

GLoTHE, v. i. To wear clothes. 

GLoTHiSD, pp. Covered with garments ; dressed ; in- 
vested ; furnished with clothing. 

* GLoTHES (clothz, or cloze) n. ; plu. of cloth. 1. Cover- 
ing for the human body ; a general term for whatever 
covering is worn, or made to be worn, for decency or 
comfort. 2. The covering of a bed ; bed-clothes. — Syn. 
Garments ; dress ; apparel ; attire ; vesture ; raiment ; 
garb. 

GLoTHES'-BaSK-ET, n. A large basket for clothes. 

GLoTHES'-BRUSH, n. A brush for removing dust, Sec, 
from clothes. 

CLoTHES'-LlNE, n. A line for drying clothes. 

GLoTHTER (klofh'yer), n. 1. In English authors, a man 
who makes cloths ; a maker of cloth. Johnson. — 2. In 
America, a man whose occupation is to full and dress 
cloth. 

GLoTHTNG, ppr. or a. Covering with or putting on vest- 
ments of any kind ; providing with garments ; covering. 

CL5THTNG, n. 1. Garments in general ; clothes ; dress ; 
raiment; covering. 2. The art or practice of making 
cloth; [unusual.] 

GLOT'PoLL, n. A blockhead. See Clodpoll. 

CLOTTED, pp. or a. Concreted into a mass ; adhering in 
a lump. — Clotted cream, cream obtained by warming new 
milk. — Brande. 

€L OTTER, v. i. To concrete or gather into lumps. 

CLOTTING, ppr. Concreting ; forming into clots. 

CLOTTY, a. Full of clots, or small, hard masses. 

GLOUD, n. 1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery par- 
ticles suspended in the atmosphere at some altitude. The 
clouds are distributed into four classes, depending on their 

. prevailing forms, viz. : cumulus, stratus, cirrus, and nimbus ; 
and three subordinate varieties, viz. : cirro-cumulus, cirro- 
stratus, and cumulo-stratus, which see. 2. A collection of 
smoke, or a dense collection of dust, rising or floating in 
the air. 3. The dark or varied colors, in veins or spots, on 
stones or other bodies, are called clouds. 4. A great mul- 
titude ; a vast collection ; as, a cloud of witnesses. — 5. Fig- 
uratively, a state of obscurity, darkness, or danger ; as, 
" amid the clouds of war ;" a cloud hung over his charac- 
ter ; there was a cloud thrown over their prospects. 

GLOUD, v. t. 1. To overspread with a cloud or clouds. 2. 
To obscure ; to darken. 3. To darken in veins ox spots ; 
to variegate with colors. 4. To make of a gloomy as- 
pect ; to give the appearance of sullenness. 5. To sully ; 
to tarnish. 



GLOUD, v. i. To grow cloudy ; to become obscure witb 
clouds. 

GLOUD'-AS-CEND'ING, a. Ascending to the clouds. 

GLOUD'-BEB,-RY, n. A plant, called, ahio, knot-berry ; rumir 
chamamorus 

GLOUD'-BORN, a. Born of a cloud.— Dryden. 

GLOUD'-GAPT, a. Capped with clouds ; touching tae 
clouds ; lofty. — Shak. 

GLOUD'-GOM-PEL'LER, n. He that collects clouds ; Jo\ e 

GLOUD'-GOM-PEL'LING, a. Collecting clouds ; or drW 
ing clouds. — Dryden. 

CLOUD'-G6V-ER£D, a. Enveloped with clouds. 

GLOUD'-DIS-PEL'LING, a. Having power to disperse 
clouds. 

CLOUD'-E-CLIPSJSD' (kloud'-e-klipst/), a. Eclipsed by e 
cloud. — Shak. 

CLOUD'-FENOED (-fenst), a. Fenced with clouds. 

GLOUD'-GiRT (-gurt), a. Girt with clouds. 

GLOUD'-KISS-ING, a. Touching the clouds.— Shak. 

GLOUD'-PIeRC-ING, a. Penetrating or rising above th@ 
clouds. — Philips. 

GLOUD'-TOPT, a. Having the top covered with a cloud. 
— Gray. 

GLOUD'-T6UCH-ING (kloud'-tuch-ing), a. Touching the 
clouds. 

GLOUD'-WRAPT (-rapt), a. Involved in clouds.— Bow- 
ring. 

GLOUD'ED, pp. or a. Overcast ; overspread with clouds ; 
obscured ; darkened ; rendered gloomy or sullen ; varie 
gated with colored spots or veins. 

GLOUD'I-LY, adv. With clouds ; darkly ; obscurely. 

GLOUD'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being overcast with 
clouds. 2. Obscurity ; gloom ; want of brightness. 3. 
Darkness of appearance ; variegation of colors in a fossil 
or other body. 4. Appearance of gloom or sullenness. 

CLOUDING, ppr. or n. Overspreading with clouds; o.b 
scuring ; giving an appearance of gloom or sullenness , 
variegating with colors. 

CLOUD'LESS, a. Being without a cloud ; unclouded ; 
clear ; bright ; luminous. 

CLOUD'LESS-LY, adv. Without clouds. 

CLOUDY, a. 1. Overcast or obscured with clouds. 2 
Consisting of a cloud or clouds. 3. Obscure ; dark ; not 
easily understood. 4. Having the appearance of gloom 
indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill-nature ; not 
open or cheerful. 5. Indicating gloom or sullenness ; as 
cloudy wrath. 6. Marked with veins or spots of dark oi 
various hues, as marble. 7. Not bright ; as, a cloudy dia 
mond. 
CL6UGH (kluf), n. [Sax. dough.] A cleft in a hill. 

GL5UGH (klof), n. In commerce, an allowance of two 
pounds in every hundred weight, after tare and tret have 
been deducted ; often written cloff. [It is little used.] 

CLOUT, n. [Sax. clut.] 1. A patch ; a piece of cloth or 
leather, Sec, to close a breach. 2. A piece of cloth for 
mean purposes. 3. A piece of white cloth for archers to 
shoot at. — Shak. ; [not now used.] 4. An iron plate on an 
axletree, to keep it from wearing. 5. [Fr. clou, clouter.] 
A small nail. — 6. In vulgar language, a blow with the 
hand. — New England. — Chalmers. 

CLOUT, v. t. 1. To patch ; to mend by sewing on a piece 
or patch. 2. To cover with a piece of cloth. 3. To join 
clumsily. 4. To cover or arm with an iron plate. 5. To 
strike ; to give a blow. 

GLOUT'ED, pp. or a. Patched ; mended clumsily ; covered 
with a clout. — Clouted cream, in Gay, is used for clotted 
cream, which see. 

GLOUT'ER-LY, a. Clumsy; awkward.— Mortimer. 

CLOUTING, ppr. Patching ; covering with a clout. 

CLo'VATE, a. In conchology, noting a shell which is thick 
er toward the top, and elongated toward the base. 

t GLoVE, pret. of cleave. — Spenser. 

GLoVE, n. [D. kloof] A cleft ; a fissure ; a gap ; a ravine. 
It is properly a Dutch word. — Journ. of Science. 

GLoVE, n. [Sax. clufe.] 1. A very pungent, aromatic spice, 
the unexpanded flower-bud of the clove-tree, caryophyllut. 
2. [from cleave.] The parts into which garlic separates, 
when the outer skin is removed. 3. A certain weight , 
seven pounds of wool ; eight pounds of cheese or butter. 

GLoVE-GlL'LY-FLOW-ER, n. The carnation pink, a spe 
cies of dianthus, bearing a beautiful flower. 

GLo VE'-PINK, n. The clove-gilly -flower, or carnation pink. 

GLo'V.EN (klo'vn), pp. or a. from cleave. Divided ; parted. 

CLo'ViEN-FOOT-ED, I a. Having the foot or hoof divided 

GLo'VjEN-HOOF£D, 5 into two parts, as the ox ; bis'd 

cous. 
CLo'VER, "in. [Sax. clafer-wyrt.] A genus of 

GLo'VER-GRaSS, 5 plants, called trifolium, trefoil, or 
three-leafed, of which cattle are very fond. Hence, to 
live in clover, is to five luxuriously, or in abundance. 
GLo'VER_ED, a. Covered with clover. — Thomson. 
CLOWN, n. [L. colonus.] 1. A countryman ; a rustic ; 
hence. 2. One who has the manners of a rustic ; a churl ; 



■ See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, F \LL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVF, BOOK, 



CLU 



ito5 



COA 



a man of coarse manners ; an ill-h 'ed man. 3. The fool 
or buffoon in a play, circus, &c. 
/CLOWN'AgE, n. The manners of a clown. 
GLOWN'ER-Y, n. Hi-breeding, rustic behavior ; rudeness 

of manners. [Little used.] 
GLOW N'ISH, a. Pertaining to, resembling, or consisting of 
clowns ; as, a clownish neighborhood ; clownish manners. 
— Syi|. Coarse ; rough ; clumsy ; awkward ; ungainly ; 
rude; uncivil; ill-bred; boorish; rustic. 
GLOWN'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of clowns ; coarsely ; 

rudely. 
GLOWN'ISH-NESS, n. The manners of a clown ; rusticity ; 
coarseness or rudeness of behavior ; incivility ; awkward- 
ness. 
GLOWN'S-MUSTARD, n. A plant. 

GLOY, v. t. [Fr. clouer.] 1. To fill ; as, to cloy a harbor by 
sinking ships ; to cloy one's couch with tears. — Rich. Diet. ; 
[obs.] 2. To glut ; to satisfy, as the appetite ; to satiate. 
3. To spike up a gun; to drive a spike into the vent. — i. 
In farriery, to prick a horse in shoeing. [Not used in the 
last two senses in the United States.] 

GLOY ET>, pp. Filled; glutted; filled to satiety and lothing; 
spiked ; pricked in shoeing. 

GLOYTNG, ppr. or a. Filling ; filling to satiety or disgust. 

GLOY'LESS, a. That can not cloy, or fill to satiety. 

GLOY'MENT, n. Surfeit; repletion beyond the demands 
of appetite. — Shak. ; [little used.] 

CLUB, n. [W. clopa, clwpa.] 1. Properly, a stick or piece of 
wood, with one end thicker and heavier than the other, 
and no larger than can be wielded with the hand, used 
for beating or defense. 2. The name of one of the suits 
of cards, so named from its figure. 3. A collection or as- 
sembly of men ; usually, a select number of friends met 
for social or literary purposes. 4. An association which 
meets tor the promotion of some common object, as 
literature, hilarity, politics, &c. 5. An association for the 
support of a club-house, which see. 6. The dividing cf ex- 
pense at a club or social meeting ; as, to pay one's club. 
7. Joint charge or effort. — Hudibras. 

GLUB, v. i. [W. clapiaw.] 1. To join, as a number of indi- 
viduals, to the same end. 2. To pay an equal proportion 
of a common reckoning or charge. 

GLUB, v. t. 1. To unite for the accomplishment of a com- 
mon end ; as, to club their exertions. 2. To raise by a 
proportional assessment ; as, to club the expense. — 3. In 
common parlance, to raise or turn uppermost the breech 
or club of a musket. 

GLUB'-FIST, n. A large, heavy fist. 

CLUB'-FIST-ED, a. Having a large fist— Howell. 

GLUB'-FOOT, n. A short, deformed foot. 

GLUB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having short or crooked feet. 

CLUB'-HeAD-ED, a. Having a thick head.— Derham. 

GLUB'-HOUSE, n. An establishment for furnishing meals, 
and a place of rendezvous to a select number of individ- 
uals, called loosely a club, to which additions can be made 
only by ballot. Each member pays an annual tax for the 
support of the house, and receives his meals and other re- 
freshments at their actual cost. — P. Cyc. 

GLUB'-LAW, n. Government by clubs, or violence; the 
use of arms, or force, in place of law ; anarchy. 

GLUB'-MAN, n. One who carries a club. 

GLUB'-MOSS, n. A kind of moss, lycopodium clavatum, 
whose minute seeds are burned in theatres to imitate 
lightning. — Brande. 

GLUB'-B,OOM, n. The apartment in which a club meets. 

CLUB-RUSH, n. A genus of plants, the sebpus. 

CLUB-SHAPED (-shapt), a. Shaped like a club ; growing 
thicker toward the top ; clavated. 

CLUBBED (klubd), pp. 1. Collected into a sum and aver- 
aged, as different expenses. 2. United to one end or 
effect. 3. Shaped like a club. 4. Having the breech 
turned upward, as a musket. 5. Heavy, like a club. 

GLUB'BER, \n. One who belongs to a party, club, or as- 

GLUB'BIST, I sociation.— Burke. 

CLUB'BING, ppr. Joining in a club ; uniting to a common 
end. 

CLUCK, v. i. [Sax. cloccan.] To make the noise, or utter 
the voice, of the domestic hen, when calling chickens. 

CLUCK, v. t. To call chickens by a particular sound. — 
Shak. 

CLUCKING, ppr. or a. Uttering the voice of a sitting hen ; 
calling chickens. 

GLUCK'ING, n. The noise of a hen when she calls her 
chickens. 

CLUE. See Clew. 

CLUMP, n. [G. Mump.] 1. A thick, short piece of wood, 

. or other solid substance ; a shapeless mass. 2. A cluster 
of trees or shrubs ; formerly written plump. 3. The com- 
pressed clay of coal strata. — Brande. In some parts of 
England it is. an adjective, signifying lazy, unhandy. 

CLUMP'ER, v. t. To form into clumps or masses. — More. 

CLUMPS, n. A stupid fellow ; a numskull. [Vulgar.] 

CLUM'SI-LY, adv. In a clumsy manner ; awkwardly ; in 



an unhandy manner ; without readiness, dexterity, oi 
grace. 

CLUM'SI-NESS, n. The quality of moving heavily ; awk- 
wardness ; unhandiness ; ungainliness. 

CLUM'SY, a. Properly, short and thick. 1. Moving heavily, 
slowly, or awkwardly. 2. Awkward ; ungainly ; unhandy ; 
untoward ; uncouth ; without readiness, dexterity, or 
grace. 3. Ill-made ; badly constructed. 

GLUNCH, n. Among miners, indurated clay, found in coal 
pits next to the coal. — Bailey. 

CLUNG, pret. and pp. of cling, which see. 

t CLUNG, v. i. To shrink. See Cling. 

t CLUNG, a. Wasted with leanness ; shrunk with cold. 

GLu'NI-AG, n. One of a reformed order of Benedictine 
monks, so called from Cluni, in Burgundy. 

CLUSTER, n. [Sax. cluster.] 1. A bunch ; a number of 
things of the same kind growing or joined together ; a 
knot. 2. A number of individuals or things rollected or 
gathered into a close body. 3. A number of Things situ- 
ated near each other. 

CLUSTER, v. i. 1. To grow in clusters; to gather or unite 
in a bunch or bunches. 2. To collect together in masses ; 
as, the men cluster together, the flakes of snow cluster. 

CLUSTER, v. t. To collect into a bunch, or close body 

CLUSTER-GRIPE, n. A small black grape. 

CLUSTERED, pp. or a. Collected into a cluster, or crowd. 

CLUSTER-ING, ppr. or a. Growing in a cluster, or in 
bunches ; uniting in a bunch, or in a flock, crowd, or close 
body. 

GLUSTER-ING-LY, adv. In clusters. 

€ LUSTER- Y, a. Growing in clusters ; full of clusters. 

CLUTCH, v. t. 1. To double in the fingers, and pinch or 
compress them together ; to clinch. 2. To seize, clasp, or 
gripe with the hand*. 3. To seize, or grasp. 

CLUTCH, n. 1. A griping or pinching with the fingers , 
seizure ; grasp. 2. A projecting tooth, or other piece of 
machinery, for connecting shafts with each other, or with 
wheels, so as to be disengaged at pleasure. — Hebert. 

CLUTCHED (klucht), pp. Seized ; grasped. 

CLUTCHES, n. pi. 1. The paws or talons of a rapacious 
animal, as of a cat or dog. 2. The hands, in the sense of 
instruments of rapacity or cruelty, or of power. 

CLUTCHTNG, ppr. Seizing ; grasping. 

CLUTTER, n. [W. cluder.] 1. A confused assemblage ; as, 
a clutter of words. 2. Confused noise ; bustle; 

CLUTTER, v. t. To crowd together in disorder; to fill 
with things in confusion. 

CLUTTER, v. i. To make a bustle, or fill with confusion. 

CLUTTEPi. ED, pp. Encumbered with things in disorder. 

€LUTTER-ING,£/;r. Encumbering with things in confusion 

CLYP'E-ATE, a. [L. clypeus.] Shaped like a buckler. 

CLYSMIG, a. [Gr. xXva/xa.] Washing; cleansing. 

* CLYSTER, n. [Gr. KXvarnp.] An injection ; a liquid sub- 
stance injected into the lower intestines. 

CLYSTER-PiPE, n. A tube or pipe used for injections 

GL YSTER-WlSE, adv. In the manner of a clyster. 

CLYSTER-lZE, v. t. To apply a clyster.— Cotgrace. 

CO, a prefix, signifying with, in conjunction. See Con. 

CO-A-CERV'aTE, v. t. [L. cdacervo.] To heap up ; to pile. 
[Little used.] 

CO-A-CERV'ATE. a. \L. coacervatus.] Heaped ; raised into 
a pile; collected into a crowd; accumulated. [Rare.] 

CO-AC-ER-VATION, n. The act of heaping, or state of 
being heaped together. [Little used.] . 

G5ACH, n. [Fr. coche.] A close vehicle for commodious 
traveling, borne on four wheels, and drawn by horses or 
other animals. It differs from a chariot in having seats in 
front, as well as behind. — Hackney-coach, a coach kept for 
hire. — Mail-coach, a coach that carries the public mails. 
— Stage-coach, a coach that regularly conveys passengers 
from town to town. See Stage. 

CoACH, ? n. An apartment in a large ship of war near the 

COUCH, ) stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop. 
—Mar. Diet. 

CoACH, v. t. To carry in a coach. — Pope. 

t CoACH, v. i. To ride in a coach. — Waterhouse. 

CoACH -BOX, n. The seat on which the driver of a coach 
sits. — Arbuth not. 

CoACH'-HlRE, n. Money paid for the use of a hired coach. 

CoACH'-HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing coaches. 

CoACH'-HOUSE, n. A house to shelter a coach from the 
weather.— Swift. 

CoACH'-MaK-ER, n. A man whose occupation is to mate 
coaches. — Swift. 

CoACH'FUL, n. A coach filled with persons. — Addio&K 

CoACH'MAN, n. The person who drives a coach 

C5ACHMAN-SHIP, n. Skill in driving coaches 

t CO-ACT', v. i. To act together.— Shak. 

t CO-ACTED, pp. or a. Forced; compelled. 

CO-ACTION, n. [L. coactio.] Force; compulsion, either in 
restraining or impelling. — South. 

CO-ACT'I VE, a. 1. Forcing ; compulsory ; having the power 
to impel or restrain. — Raleigh. 2. Acting in concurrence. 



Do YE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS— C as K ; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



COA 



186 



COA 



€0-AGT'IVE-LY, adv. In a compulsory manner. 

* €0-AD'JU-MENT, n. Mutual assistance. 

*GO-AD'JU-TANT, a. [L. con and adjutans.] Helping; 
mutually assisting or operating. 

GO-AD-Ju'TOR, n. 1. One who aids or co-operates with 
.another. — 2. In the canon law, one who is empowered or 
appointed to perform the duties of another. — 3. In the 
Roman Catholic Church, the assistant of a bishop or other 
prelate. — Syn. Assistant ; ally ; fellow-helper ; associate ; 
partner; colleague. 

CO-AD-JuTOR-SHIP, n. Joint aid. 

CO-AD-Ju'TRIX, n. A female assistant. — Smollett. 

CO-AD-Ju'VAN-C Y, n. Joint help ; assistance ; concurrent 
aid ; co-operation. [Little used.] 

€0-AD-Ju'VANT, n. In medicine, an ingredient in a pre- 
scription designed to aid the effect of some other ingredi- 
ent. 

CO-AD'U-NATE, a. [L. coadunatus.] In botany, coadunate 
leaves are* several united at the base. 

GO-AD-U-NYTION, n. The union of different substances in 
one mass. — Hale. [Little used.] 

CO-AD-VENTUR-ER, n. A fellow-adventurer. 

CO-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To convert ground into a forest. 

GO-a'gENT, n. An assistant or associate in an act. — 
Beaumont and Fletcher. 

*CO-AG-MENT, v. t. [L. coagmento.] To congregate or 
heap together. — Glanville. 

€0-AG-MENT-A'TION, n. Collection into a mass or united 
body ; union ; conjunction. [Little used.] 

CO-AG-MENT'ED, a. Congregated ; heaped together ; unit- 
ed in one mass. [Little used.] 

€0-AG-U-LA-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being coagulated. 

CO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That may be concreted; capable of 
congealing or changing from a liquid to an inspissated 
state. 

GO-AG'U-LANT, n. That which produces coagulation. 

GO-AG'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. coagulo.] To concrete ; to curdle ; 
to congeal ; to change from a fluid into a fixed substance, 
or solid mass. 

CO-AG'U-LITE, v. i. To turn from a fluid into a consist- 
ent state, or fixed substance. — Syn. To thicken ; con- 
crete ; curdle. 

GO-AG'U-La-TED, pp. or a. Concreted ; curdled. 

GO-AG'U-LA-TING,#pr. Curdling; congealing; thickening. 

GO-AG-U-La'TION, n. The act of changing from a fluid to 
a fixed state ; concretion ; the state of being coagulated ; 
the body formed by coagulating. 

CO-AG'U-LA-TIVE, a. That has the power to cause con- 
cretion. — Boyle. 

GO-AG'U-La-TOR, n. That which causes coagulation. 

CO-AG'U-LUM, n. A coagulated mass, as curd ; a clot of 
blood, separated by cold, acid, &c. 

GO-aFTi, ?i. A species of monkey in South America. 

GoAK. See Coke. 

€oAL, n. [Sax. col, or coll.] 1. A piece of wood, or other 
combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. 2. 
In the language of chemists, any substance containing oil, 
which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that 
its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat 
without further decomposition. — 3. In mineralogy, a solid, 
opaque, inflammable substance, found in the earth, and, by 
way of distinction, called fossil coal. 

CoAL, v. t. 1. To burn to coal, or charcoal; to char. 2. 
To mark or delineate with charcoal. 

G5AL'-BaSK-ET, n. A large basket for coal. 

CoAL'-BLAGK, a. Black as coal ; very black. 

GoAL'-BOX, n. A box to carry coal to the fire. — Swift. 

GoAL'-GaRT, n. A cart employed in conveying coal. 

GoAL'-EY ED (-ide), a. Having eyes as black as a coal. 

GoAL'-FIeLD, n. A field for coal. A bed of fossil coal. 

€oAL'-FIRE, n. A fire of which coal is the fuel. 

G5AL-FISH, n. A species oigadus, or cod. 

G5AL' FORM-a'TION, n. In geology, the formation or 
group of strata in which coal is found. 

GoAL'-HeAV'ER, n. One employed in carrying coal. 

GoAL'-HOD, n. A scuttle to hold coal.— Forby. 

GoAL'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed for keeping coal. 

GoAL'-MeAS-URE (-mezh'ur), n. The measure used in 
ascertaining the quantity of coal. 

GoAL'-MeAS-URES (-mezh'urz), n.pl. Strata of coal, with 
jheir attendant rocks. 

GoAL'-Me'TER, n. One appointed to measure coals. — 
Smart. 

CoAL'-MlNE, n. A mine or pit containing mineral coal. 

GoAL'-MlN'ER, n. One who works in a coal-mine. 

GoAL'-MOUSE, n. A small species of tit-mouse, with a 
black head. 

GoAL'-OF-FlCE, n. An office of a coal-dealer. 

CoAL'-PIT, n. A pit where coal is dug. — In America, a 
place where charcoal is made. 

CoAL'-SGUT-TLE, n. A vessel for carrying coal. 

GoAL'-SHIP,. n. A ship employed in transporting coal. 

GoAL'-SToNE, n. A kind of cannel-coal. 



G0AL-W6RK (-wurk). n. A coalery ; a place where coal 
js dug, including the machinery for raising the coal. 

GoAL'-YiRD, n. An inclosure for the deposit of coal. 

GoAL'ER-Y, n. A coal-mine, coal-pit, or place where coals 
are dug. [ Colliery is now more common.] 

GO-A-LESCE' (ko-a-less'), v. i. [L. coalesco.\ 1. To grow to- 
gether ; to unite, as separate bodies, or separate parts, into 
one body. 2. To unite and adhere in one body or mass, 
by spontaneous approximation or attraction. 3. 'to unite 
in society, in a more general sense. 

GO-A-LES'CENCE, n. The act of growing together; the 
act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction ; the state of 
being united ; union ; concretion. 

GO-A-LES'CENT, a. Joined ; united. 

GO-A-LES'CING, ppr. Growing or coming together ; unit- 
ing in a body or mass ; uniting and adhering together. 

I?1l'Uer.}^ Co — 

t Go A-LlTE, v. i. To unite or coalesce. — Bolingbroke. 

GO-A-Ll"TION, n. 1. Union in a body or mass ; a coming to- 
gether, as of separate bodies or parts, and their union in 
one body or mass. 2. Union of individual persons, par- 
ties, or states. — Syn. Affiance ; confederation ; confed- 
eracy; league; combination; conjunction; conspiracy. 

GO-A-Ll'TION-IST, \ n. One who joins or promotes a coa- 

GO-A-LI"TION-ER } lition.— Byron. 

GO-AL-LV, n. A joint ally ; as, the subject of a co-ally. 
Kent. 

G5ALT, a. Like coal ; containing coal. — Milton. 

GoAMTNGS, n. pi. In ships, the raised borders or edges of 
the hatches. 

GO-AN-NEX', v. t. To annex with something else. 

GO-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To apprehend with another.— 
Brown. [Little used.] 

GO-AP-Ta'TION, n. The adaptation or adjustment of parts 
to each other. — Boyle. 

CO-A.RGT,_ ? v. t. [L. coarcto.] 1. To press together ; 

GO-aRGT'aTE, 5 to crowd; to straiten ; to confine close 
ly. 2. To restrain ; to confine. 

GO-ARGT'ATE, a. Pressed together.— Humble. 

GO-ARG-TI'TION, n. 1. Confinement ; restraint to a nar- 
row space. 2. Pressure; contraction. 3. Restraint of 
liberty. 

GoARSE, a. 1. Thick ; large or gross in bulk ; compara- 
tively of large diameter ; as, coarse thread ; coarse sand. 
2. Thick ; rough ; or made of coarse thread or yarn. 3. 
Not refined ; not separated from grosser particles or im 
purities. 4. Rude ; rough ; unrefined ; uncivil. 5. Gross ; 
not delicate. 6. Rude ; unpolished ; inelegant ; as, coarse 
expressions. 7. Not nicely expert ; not accomplished by art 
or education. 8. Mean ; not nice ; not refined or elegant. 

GoARSE'LY, adv. Roughly; without fineness or refine- 
ment; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly; without 
art or polish. 

CoARSE'NESS, n. 1. Largeness of size; thickness. — 2. 
The quality of being made of coarse thread or yarn; 
whence thickness and roughness. 3. Unrefined state ; the 
state of being mixed with gross particles or impurities. 4. 
Roughness ; grossness ; rudeness. 5. Grossness ; want of 
refinement or delicacy ; want of polish. 6. Meanness ; 
want of art in preparation ; want of nicety, as of food. 

GO-AS-SESS'OR, n. A joint assessor. 

CO-AS-SuME', v. t. To assume something with another. • 
Walsall. 

GoAST, n. [L. costa ; W. cost ; Fr. cdte.] 1. The exterior 
line, limit, or border of a country. 2. The edge or margin 
of the land next to the sea ; the sea-shore. 3. A side or 
part of the country ; as, the coasts of Jordan ; [cbs.] 4. 
The country near the sea-shore. — The ffoast is clear, is a 
proverbial phrase, signifying the danger is over ; the ene- 
mies have departed, or left the coast. 

GoAST, v. i. 1. To sail near a coast ; to sail by or near the 
shore, or in sight of land. 2. To sail from port to port in 
the same country. 

GoAST, v. t. 1. To sail by or near to. 2. To draw near ; 
to approach ; to follow ; [obs.] 

GoAST'-ROGK, n. A rock on a coast. — Coleridge. 

CoAST'-SED'I-MENT, n. Sediment lodged on a coast.- 
Phillips. 

G0AST-W1SE, adv. By .way of, or along the coast. 

GoAST'ED, pp. Sailed by. 

GoAST'ER, n. 1. One who sails near the shore. 2. A ves- 
sel that is employed in sailing along a coast, or is licensed 
to navigate or trade from port to port in the same country. 

GoASTING, ppr. or a. Sailing along or near a coast. 

COASTING, n. I. The act of sailing along or near a shore. 
2. The sport of sliding down a hill-side upon sleds, sledges, 
&c, in winter. [Used in the Eastern States, and also in 
New Brunswick, where this application of the word may 
possibly have originated among the Acadians from cote, 
old French coste, a hill-side. — Ed.] 

GoASTING-Pl'LOT, n. A pilot who conducts vessels along 
a coast. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



COB 



187 



coc 



GoAST'I NG-7 R A.DE, n. The trade which is carried on be- 
tween the different ports of the same country. 

COASTING- VES'SEL. n. A vessel employed in coasting; 
a coaster. 

G6AT, n. [Ft. cotte.] 1. An upper garment 2 A petticoat; 
a garment worn by infants or young children. 3. The 
habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or 
office; as, "men of his coat should be minding their pray- 
ers." — Swift. The most common expression is " men of 
his cloth." 4. External covering; as, the fur or hair of a 
beast. 5. A tunic of the eye ; a membrane that serves as 
a cover ; a tegument. 6. The division or layer of a bulb- 
ous root. 7. A cover ; a layer of any substance covering 
another. 8. That on which ensigns armorial are portray- 
ed, usually called a coat of arms. — 9. A coat of mail is a 
piece of armor, in form of a shirt, consisting of a net-work 
of iron rings. 10. A card ; a coat-card is one on which a 
king, queen, or knave is painted. 

C5AT, v. t. 1. To cover or spread over with a layer of any 
substance. 2. To cover with cloth or canvas ; as, to coat 
a mast. 

CoAT-aR-MOR, n. A coat of arms ; armorial ensigns. 

CoAT'-CaRD, n. [from the dress or coat in which the king, 
queen, and knave are represented.] A card bearing a 
Mated figure ; called, also, court-card. — Ben Jonson. 

GoAT-EE^ n. A coat with short flaps. 

CoATED, pp. 1. Covered with a coat; loricated; covered 
or overspread with any thing that defends ; clothed with 
a membrane. 2. a. Having concentric coats or layers. 

GO-ITl (ko-a'te), n. An animal of South America, resem- 
bling the raccoon, but with a longer body and neck, short 
er fur, and smaller eyes. 

CoATING, ppr. Covering with a coat ; overspreading. 

GoATTNG, n. 1. A covering, or the act of covering; lorica- 
rion ; any substance spread over for cover or defense. 2. 
Cloth for coats ; as, merchants advertise an assortment of 
coatings. 

COAX (koks), v. t. [W. cocru.] To appease or persuade by 
flattery and fondling; to lead on by kind treatment; to 
bring about by management. — Syn. To wheedle ; flatter ; 
soothe ; fawn. [A low word.] 

tGoAX, n. A dupe. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

t GoAX-I'TION, n. The art of coaxing. 

C5AX.ED (koxt), pp. Soothed or persuaded by flattery. 

CoAX'ER, n. A wheedler ; a flatterer. 

COAXING, ppr. Wheedling; flattering. 

GoAX'ING, n. Wheedling ; leading on by kind treatment ; 
managing. 

CoAX'ING-LY, adv. By coaxing. 

COB, 11. [W. cob, or cop.] 1. The top or head ; a covetous 
wretch ; a foreign coin. 2. In America, the receptacle of 
the maize, or American corn ; a shoot in form of a pin or 
spike, on which grows the corn in rows. This recep- 
tacle, with the corn, its called the ear. 3. [It. gabbiano.] 
A sea-fowl, the sea-cob. 4. A ball or pellet for feeding 
fowls. 5. In some parts of England, a spider. 6. A close- 
built, strong, hardy kind of pony. 7. A large cobble 
stone. — Rich. Diet. 8. Clay mixed with straw, as in the 
cob-trills of cottages in some parts of England. 

COB, v. t. Among soldiers and sailors, to punish by striking 
the breecb. with a flat piece of wood, or with a board. 

COB'BING, n. A beating on the breech with a flat piece of 
wood. 

* Co'BALT, n. [D. cobalt.] A metal of a reddish-gray or 
grayish- white color. — Co'balt-bloom., acicular arseniate of 
cobalt. — Co'balt-crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. 

CO-BALTIC, a. Pertaining to cobalt, or consisting of it ; 
resembling cobalt, or containing it. 

€5'BALT-lNE, n. A crystallized mineral of a silver or yel- 
lowish color, composed chiefly of the arseniate and sulphu- 
ret of cobalt. 

COB'BLE, n. A small fishing boat.— W Scott. [Scottish.] 

GOB'BLE, )n. [Eng. copple.] A roundish stone ; 

GOB'BLE-SToNE, S supposed to be a fragment, rounded 
by the attrition of water. We give this name to stones of 
various sizes, from that of a hen's egg, or smaller, to that 
of large paving stones. These stones are called by the 
English copple-stones. — Cobbles, lumps of coal from the size 
of an egg to that of a football. — Brande. 

COB'BLE, v. t. 1. To make or mend coarsely, as shoes ; 
to botch. 2. To make or do clumsily or unhandily. — 
Dryden. 

COB'BLER, n. 1. A mender of shoes. 2. A clumsy work- 
man. 3. A mean person. 

COB'BLING, ppr. Mending coarsely. 

tCOB'BY, a. Stout ; brisk.— Chaucer. 

COB'CAL, n. A sandal worn by ladies in the East 

COB'BLES ' S n ' &" Lar & e round coals. 
CO-BEL-LI&'ER-ENT, a. Carrying on war in conjunction 

with another power. 
CO-BEL-LI6'ER-ENT, n. A nation or state that carries on 

war in connection with another. 



GOBI-RON (-I-urn), n. An andiron with a knob at tne top 

CO-BISH'OP, n. A joint or coadjutant bishop. 

GOB'LE.w. [Sax. cuople.] A boat used in the herring, fishery 

COB'LoAF, n. A loaf that is irregular, uneven, or crusty; 
applied, also, to personal appearance. — Gilbert. 

COB'NUT, n. A boy's play, or a hazel-nut ; the conquering 
nut. 

CO-BOB'. See Cabob. 

COB'SToNE. See Cobble. 

GOB'SWAN, n. The head or leading swan. 

COB'- WALL, n. A wall made of unburned clay, mixed 
with straw. — Brande. 

COBWEB, n. [cob, or koppe.] 1. The line, thread, or fila- 
ment which a spider spins from its abdomen ; the net 
work spread by a spider to catch its prey. 2. Any snare, 
implying insidiousness and weakness. — In this sense it is 
used adjectively, or in composition, for thin, flimsy, slender, 
feeble.— Swift. 

GOBWEBBJJD (kob'webd), a. 1. In botany, covered with 
a thick, interwoven pubescence. 2. Covered with cobwebs. 

€OB'WEB-Y, a. Covered with cobwebs.— Hooker. 

Co'CA, n. A highly-stimulating narcotic, the dried leaf of 
the erythroxylon coca, a plant found wild in Peru. — P. Cyc. 

COG-aGNE' (kok-ane'), n. An imaginary country of idle- 
ness, luxury, and delight. Hence, applied to London and 
its suburbs. 

Go'GA-LON, n. A large cocoon, of a weak texture. 

COC-CIF'ER-OUS (kok-sif'er-us), a. [L. coccus and fero.] 
Bearing or producing berries. 

COG'GO-LlTE, n. [Gr. kokkos and \idos-] A variety of au- 
gite or pyroxene. 

COG'CU-LUS IN'DI-CUS, n. [L.] Indian berry, a poison- 
ous fruit, often used in adulterating beer. 

COCCYX, n. [L.] In anatomy, a small bone joined to the 
extremity of 'he os sacrum. 

* GOCH'I-NeAL, n. [Sp. cochinilla.] An insect, the coccus 
cacti, found chiefly in Mexico. These insects form a mass 
or drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. It is 
used in giving red colors, especially crimson and ecarlet 

COCH-LE-AR'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a snail-shell. 

GO€H'LE-A-RY, } a. [L. cochlea.] Having the form of a 

COCH'LE-ATE, } screw; twisted like a snail-shell; spi- 

COGH'LE-A-TED, ) ral ; turbinated. 

COGH'LlTF, n. [Gr. Ku X \tas.] A fossil shell. 

COCK, n. [Sax. coc ; Fr. coq.] 1. The male of birds, particu- 
larly of gallinaceous or domestic fowls. 2. A weather-cock ; 
a vane in shape of a cock. 3. A spout ; an instrument to 
draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat, or pipe ; so 
named from its projection. 4. The projecting corner of a 
hat. 5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped for shed 
ding rain ; called in England a cop. 6. The style or gno- 
mon of a dial. 7. The needle of a balance. 8. The piece 
which covers the balance in a clock or watch. 9. [It co+- 
ca.] The notch of an arrow. 10. The part of a musket 
or other fire-arm to which a flint is attached, and which, 
being impelled by a spring, strikes fire. 11. A small boat 
[W. ewe ; It. cocca.] It is now called a cock-boat. 12. A 
leader ; a chief man. 13. Cock-crowing ; the time when 
cocks crow in the morning. — Cock a hoop, or cock on the 
hoop, a phrase denoting triumph ; triumphant ; exulting. — 
Cock and a bull, aphrase applied to tedious, trifling stories. 

COCK, v. t. 1. To set erect ; to turn up like a cock. 2. To 
set the brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points ; 
or to set up with an air of pertness. 3. To make up hay 
in small conical piles. 4. To set, or draw back the cock 
of a gun, in order to fire. 

COCK, v. i. To hold up the head; to strut; to look big, 
pert, or menacing ; as, " every one cocks and struts upon 
it." — Addison; [obs.] 2. To train or use fighting-cocks ; 
[little used.] 3. To cocker; [not in use.] 

COGK'-BILL. In seamen's language, the anchor is a cock- 
bill when it is suspended perpendicularly in .i: the cat 
head, ready to be let go in a moment. 

COGK'-BoAT, n. A small boat. See Cock, No. 11 

€OGK'-BRaIN£D, a. Giddy; rash.— Milton. 

GOGK'-BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling a cock. 

COGK'-CHaF'ER, n. The May-bug or dorr-beetle, a spe- 
cies of scarabaus. 

GOCK'-GROW, n. A cock-crowing.— Coleridge. 

GOGK'-GRoW-ING, n. The time at which cocks crow , 
early morning. 

COGK'-EYE (-1), n. A squinting eye.—Forby. [Norf.. Hants.] 

GOGK'-FlGHT. In. A match or contest of game 

COGK'-FIGHT-ING, 5 cocks. 

GOG K'-HE AD-ED, a. Having a head like that of the cocX. 

GOGK'-HORSE, a. On horseback; triumphant; exulting. 

GOGK'-LOFT, n. The top loft ; the upper room in a house 
or other building ; a lumber room. 

GOCK'-MaS-TER, n. One who breeds game cocks. 

COGK'-MATCH, n. A match of cocks ; a cock-fight. 

GOGK'-PAD-DLE, n. The lump-fish or sea-owl.— Encyc. 

GOGK'-WEED, n. A plant, called, also, dittander and pepper- 
wort. 



D'')VE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



COD 



188 



COE 



€OCK-aDE', n. [Fr. cocarde.] A ribbon or knot of ribbon, 
or something similar, worn on the hat, usually by officers 
of the army or navy, sometimes by others. 

COCK-ID'ED, a. Wearing a cockade. — Young. 

COGK'AL, n. A game called huckle-bone. — Kinder. 

COCK-A-TOO', n. A bird of the parrot kind.— Herbert. 

COCK'A-TRlCE, n. [Fr. cocatrix.] A serpent imagined to 
proceed from a cock's egg. 

COCKED (kokt), pp. or a. 1. Turned up at the side; as, a 
cocked hat. 2. Having the cock drawn back, as a gun. 3. 
Made into a cock, as hay. 

€0€K'ER, v. t. [W. cocru.] To fondle ; to indulge ; to treat 
with tenderness ; to pamper. 

COCK'ER, n. 1. One who follows cock-fighting. 2. A sort 
of spatter-dash. 

COCK'ER-EL, n. A young cock.— Dryden. 

COCK'ER-ING, n. * Indulgence.— Milton. 

COCK'ET, a. Brisk ; pert.— Sherwood. 

COCK'ET, n. A seal of the custom-house ; a royal seal ; 
rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the 
officers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant 
that their merchandise is entered. The office of entry. 

COCK'ET-BRe AD, n. The finest sort of wheat bread. 

COCKWG, ppr. 1. Holding or turning up, as a cock does 
his head. 2. Turning up, as a hat. 3. Drawing back the 
cock, as of a gun, &c. 

€0€K'ING, n. Cock-fighting. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

COCKLE, n. [Sax. cocccl.] A plant or weed. 

COCKLE, n. [Fr. coque, coquille.] 1. A small testaceous 
shell ; or, rather, a genus of shells, the cardium. 2. A min- 
eral. 3. A young cock ; \obs.] See Cockerel. 

COCKLE, v. i. or t. To contract into wrinkles ; to shrink, 
pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth. 

COCKLE-STAIRS, n. pi Winding or spiral stairs. 

COCKLED, pp. 1. Contracted into folds or wrinkles ; wind- 
ing. 2. a. Having shells. 

COCKLER, n. One who takes and sells cockles. 

COCK'NEY (kok'ny), n. [most probably from L. coquina, a 
kitchen, or coquino, to cook.] 1. A native of London, by 
way of contempt. 2. An effeminate, ignorant, despicable 
citizen. 

COCK'NEY, a._ Pertaining to or resembling a cockney. 

COCK'NEY-LlKE, a. Resembling the manners of a cock- 
ney. 

COCKNEY-ISM, n. The peculiar dialect, pronunciation, 
manners, &c, of a cockney. 

COCKTIT, n. 1. A pit or area, where game-cocks fight. 
The privy council-room at Westminster has this name, 
because built on the cockpit of Whitehall Palace. — 2. In 
ships of war, a room or apartment in which the wounded 
men are dressed. 

COCK'RoACH, n. One of a genus of troublesome insects, 
infestingpantfies, &c. ; the blatta. 

COCKS'CoMB, n. 1. The caruncle or comb of a cock. 2. 
A plant. _ 3. A fop, or vain, silly fellow. See Coxcomb. 

COCKS'HeAD, n. A plant, the hedysarum or sainfoin. 

COCK'SHUT, n. The close of the day, when fowls go to 
roost. — Shak. 

COCK'SPUR, n. Virginia hawthorn, a species of medlar. 

COCK'SuRE, a. Confidently certain. [A gun with a cock 
being much more sure to fire than the old match-lock.] 
[A low word.] 

* COCKSWAIN, n. [in familiar speech, .contracted into cox- 
en.] An officer on board of a ship who has the care of the 
boat and the boat's crew. 

Co'CoA (koTso), n. A name given to a simple preparation 
of the ground kernels of the cacao, or chocolate tree, and 
considered more healthy than chocolate. [The proper 
word would be cacao, the name of the plant] 

Co'CoA (koTco), n. [Sp. coco.] A tree belonging to the ge- 
nus cocos, of the order of palma, and the fruit or nut of 
the tree. 

Co'CoA-NUT, n. The nut or fruit of the cocoa-tree. 

CO-COON', n. [Fr. cocon.] An oblong ball or case in which 
the silk-worm involves itself. The term is also applied to 
the envelop of other larva. 

CO-COON'ER-Y, n. A building or apartmentfor silk- worms, 
when feeding and forming cocoons. 

COCTiLE, a. [L. coctilis.] Made by baking, or exposing to 
heat, as a brick. 

€!OC'TION n. [L. coctio.] The act of boiling or exposing 
to heat in liquor.— In medicine, that alteration in the crude 
matter of a disease which fits it for a discharge ; digestion. 

COD, In. A species of fish, of the genus gadus, in- 

COD'FISH, 5 habiting northern seas, much used for food. 

COD, n. [Sax. codd.] 1. Any husk, envelop, or case, con- 
taining the seeds of a plant ; a pod. 2. A bag ; the scro- 
tum. 3. A pillow ; [not in use.] 

t COD, v. i. To inclose in a cod. — Mortimer. 

Co'DA, n. [It.] In music, the close of a composition, or an 
additional close. 

COD'DED, a. Inclosed in a cod. — Mortimer. 

COD'DER, n. A gatherer of cods or pease. — Johnson. 



COD'DY, a. Husky.— Sherwood. 

CoDE. n. [L. codex, or caudsx : Fr. code.] 1. A collection o 
the laws and constitutions of the Roman emperors. 2. 
Anycrderly collection or digest of laws. 
CO-De'1-NA, ^ n. [Gr. Kutdcia, a poppy-head.] An alkaloid 
CO-De'IA, £ obtained from opium, and one of its medic 
CO-De'INE, j inal active principles. 
COD'GER, n. A rustic ; a clown ; a miserly man, 
•Go'DEX, n. [L.j A manuscript ; a book ; a code. 

COD'I-CIL, n. [L. codicillus.] A writing by way of suppie 
ment to a will. 

€OD-I-CIL'LA-RY, a. Of the nature of a codicil. 

CO-DI-FI-CA'TION, n. The act or process of reducing laws 
to a code or system. 

Co'DI-FlED (ko'de-flde), pp. Reduced to a code. 

€o'DI-Fl-ER, )n. One who forms a code, one who le- 

Co'DIST, > duces to a code. 

€o'DI-FY, v. t. [code and facio.] To reduce to a ^ode 

CoDI-FY-ING, ppr. Forming mto a code. 

CO-DIL'LA, n. The coarsest part of hemp, which is sorted 
by itself; also sometimes applied to the coarsest part o A 
flax.- M'Culloch. 

CO-DILLE' (ko-dill'), n. [Fr. codille.] A term at ombre, 
when the game is won. 

COD'LE, > (kod'dl), v. t. To parboil, or soften by the heat 

COD'DLE, J of water. 

t COD'LE, v. t. To make much of. 

CODLING, In. An apple codled; or one suitable for cod- 

CODLIN, ) ling, or \ised for that purpose. 

COD'LING, n. A young cod. 

CO-EF'FI-CA-CY, n. Joint efficacv. 

CO-EF-FI"CIEN-CY, n. Co-operation ; joint power of two 
or more things or causes, acting to the same end. 

CO-EF-FI"CIENT (-fish'ent), a. Co-operating; acting in 
union to the same end. 

CO-EF-FI"CIENT, n. 1. That which unites in action with 
something else to produce the same effect. — 3. In algebra, 
a number or known quantity put before a letter, or quan- 
tity, known or unknown, and into which it is supposed 
to be multiplied. — 3. In. fluxions, the coefficient of any gen- 
erating term is the quantity which arises from the division 
of that term by the generated quantity. 

CO-EF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. By co-operation. 

CO-ELD'ER, n. An elder of the same rank. — Trapp. 

CO-E-LEC'TION, n. Joint election. 

CCE'LI-AC, la. [Gr. koiXiukos.] Pertaining to the belly, or 

CE'LI-AC, ) to the intestinal canal. — Cceliac artery is the 
artery which issues from the aorta just below the dia- 
phragm. — Cceliac passion, the lientery, a flux or diarrhea 
of undigested food. — Cceliac vein, a vein of the intestinum 
rectum. 

CO-EMP'TION, n. [L. coemptio.] The act of purchasing the 
whole quantity of any commodity. — Bacon. 

CO-EN-JOY', v. t. To enjoy together.— Howell. 

CO-EN-JOY' ED (-joyd'), pp. Enjoyed together. 

CO-EN-JOY'ING, ppr. Enjoying together. 

CO-E'OUAL, a. [L. con and equalis.] Equal to another per- 
son or thing; of the same rank, dignity, or power. 

CO-E'QUAL, n. One who is equal to another. 

CO-E-QUAL'I-TY, n. The state of being equal to another 
equality in rank, dignity, or power. 

CO-E'QUAL-LY, adv. With joint equality. 

CO-ERCE' (ko-ers'), v. t. [L. coerceo.] 1. To restrain by 
force ; to keep from acting or transgressing ; to repress 
2. To compel; to constrain. — Dwight. — Rich. Diet. — Burke 

CO-ERC-ED' (ko-erstf), pp. Restrained by force ; compelled. 

CO-ERCI-BLE, a. That may or ought to be restrained or 
compelled. 

CO-ERC'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being coercible. 

CO-ERC'ING, ppr. Restraining by force ; constraining. 

CO-ER'CION (-er'shun), n. Restraint, check, particularly 
by law or authority; compulsion; force. 

CO-ERCfVE, a. 1. That has power to restrain, particularly 
by moral force, as of law or authority. 2. Compulsory 
constraining; forcing. 

€0-ERC'¥VE-LY, adv. By constraint. 

CO-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. Partaking of the same essence. 

CO-ES-SEN-TIAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same es 
sence. 

CO-ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a coessential manner. 

CO-ES-TAB'LISH-MENT, n. Joint establishment. 

CO-E-TaTSTE-OUS, a. [L. cocetaneus.] Of the same age with 
another ; beginning to exist at the same time. [Coetanean 
is rarely used.] 

CO-E-TERN'AL, a. Equally eternal with another. 

CO-E-TERN'AL-LY, adv. With equal eternity. 

CO-E-TERN'I-TY, n. Existence from eternity equal with 
another eternal being ; equal eternity. 

CO-E'VAL, a. [L. coavus.] Of the same age ; beginning ro 
exist at the same time ; of equal age ; cotemporary ; co- 
temporaneous. 

CO-e'VAL, n. One of the same age; one who begins to 
exist at the same time. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



COG 



1«9 



COH 



• GO-K'VOUS, a. The same as coeval, but not used. 

GO-EX-EG'U-TCR, n. A joint executor. 

GO EX-ECU TRIX. n. A joint executrix. 

GO-EX-IST, v. i To exist at the same time with another. 

G0-EX-ISTEKCE, n. Existence at the same time with an- 
other. 

CO-EX-ISTEXT, a. Existing at the same time with an- 
other. 

GO-EX-ISTTNG, ppr. or a. Existing at the same time with 
another thing. 

GO-EX : TEXD'7 v. i. To extend through the same space or 
duration with another ; to extend equally. 

CO-EX-TEXD'ED, pp. Being equally extended. 

€0-EX-TEND'IXG. ppr. Extending through the same space 
or duration with another. 

GO-EX-TEX'SIOX, n. The act of extending equally, or the 
state of being equally extended. — Hale. 

CO-EX-TEXSfVE, a. Equally extensive. 

CO-EX-TEX'SiYE-LY, adv. Of equal extent 

GO-EX-TEXSIYE-XESS, n. Equal extension or extent 

COFFEE, n. [Fr. cafe; It. cage; Sp. cafe.] 1. The berry 
of a tree belonging to the genus coffea, growing in Arabia, 
Persia, and in other warm" climates of Asia and America. 
2. A drink made from the berry of the coflee-tree by de- 
coction. 

€OFTEE-€UP, n. A cup from which coffee is drank. 

COF'FEE-HOUSE, n. 1. A house of entertainment, where 
guests are supplied with coffee and other refreshments. 
2. A house of entertainment for boarders or lodgers ; a 
hotel, or inn. 

COFFEE-MAN, n. One who keeps a coffee-house. 

€OFTEE-POT, n. A covered pot in which coffee is boiled, 
or in which it is brought upon the table for drinking. 

GOFTEE-MILL, n. A small mill for arinding coffee. 

COFFER, n. [Fr. coffre.] 1. A chest or trunk 2. A chest ! 
for holding money ; a treasure. — 3. In architecture, a square ! 
depression or sinking in each interval between the modil- 
lions of the Corinthian cornice. — 4. In fortifications, a hol- 
low lodgment across a dry moat from six to seven feet 
deep, and from 16 to 18 broad. 

COF'FER, v. t. To reposit or lay up in a coffer. 

COFTER-DAM, n. A water-tight case or curb, serving as 
a barrier to exclude water, in laying the foundation of 
piers, bridges, &c. 

COFFERED, pp. Laid up in a coffer. 

COF'FER-ER, n. The cofferer of the king's household in 
Great Britain was a principal officer of the court, next un- 
der the controller. 

GOFTER-IXG. ppr. Depositing in a coffer. ' 

€OFTIX, n. [Fr. coffre.] 1. The chest or box in which a ! 
dead human body is buried, or deposited in a vault. 2. A j 
mold of paste for a pie. 3. A paper case, in the form of a ■ 
cone, used by grocers. — i. In farriery, the hollow part of a 
horse's hoof, or the whole hoof above the coronet, in- 
eluding the coffin-bone, which i3 a small, spongy bone in 
the midst of the hoof.— 5. In printing, a wooden frame, in- 
closing the stone on which the fornfis imposed. 

COFFIN, v. t. To put in or inclose in a coffin. 

COFFINED, pp. Inclosed in a coffin. 

COF'FIN-LESS, a. Having no coffin.— Wilson. 

GOFTIN-MaK-ER n. One who makes, or whose occupa- 
tion is to make coffins. 

€0-FOTJND'ER, n. A joint founder.— Weever. 

€OG, v. t. [W. coegiaw.] 1. To deceive ; to wheedle ; to ! 
seduce or draw from, by adulation or artifice. 2. To ob- j 
trude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception. — To cog a j 
die, to load it so as to direct its fall ; to cheat in playing \ 
dice. 

€OG, v. i. 1. To deceive ; to cheat ; to lie. — Shak. 2. To j 
wheedle. 

GOG, n. [W. cocos.] 1. The tooth of a wheel, by which it ' 
is connected in motion with another wheel or body. 2. A ] 
trick or deception ; [obs.] 

GOG. v. t. To fix a cog ; to furnish with cogs. 

GOG-WHEEL, n. A wheel furnished with cogs, by which 
it drives another wheel. 

COG'GLE s n ' ^ k° at ; a ns hing-boat 

COG'GLE-SToNE, n. A small pebble. [Obs.] 

Co'GEN-CY, n. [L. cogens.] Power of compelling or of pro- 
ducing conviction ; literally, urgency, or driving. — Syn. 
Force ; strength ; power. 

fCO-GEXI-AL, for congenial. — Warton. 

Go'GEXT, a. [See Cogency.] 1. Forcible, in a physical 
sense. 2. Pressing on the mind ; not easily resisted. — 
Stn. Forcible ; powerful ; urgent ; convincing ; conclu- 
sive ; irresistible; resistless. 

Go'gENT-LY, adv. With urgent force ; with powerful im- 
pulse ; forcibly. — Locke. 

GOGGED (kogd),pp. Flattered; deceived; cheated; thrust 
in deceitfully ; falsified ; furnished with cogs. 

GOG'GER, n. A flatterer or deceiver. 

GOG'GER-Y, n. Trick; falsehood.— Watson. [Little used.] 



| COG'GING, ppr. Wheedling; deceiving; cheating; insert 
ing deceitfully ; fixing cogs. 

COG'GING. n. Cheat; deception ; fallacy. — Beaum.andTl 

COG'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be thought on ; that may be 
meditated on. — Johnson. 

GOgI-TaTE, v. i. [L. cogito.] To think ; to meditate. [Lit 
tie used.] 

COg-1-Ta.'TION, n. 1. The act of thinking; thought; med- 
itation ; contemplation. 2. Thought directed to an object , 
purpose. 

GOgTTA-TiVE, a. 1. Thinking ; having the power of think- 
ing or meditating. 2. Given to thought, or contemplation. 

GOGXaTE, a. [L. cognatus.] 1. Allied by blood; kindred 
by birth. 2. Related in origin ; proceedingfrom the same 
stock; as, a cognate dialect. 3. Allied in "the manner oi 
formation or utterance ; as, a cognate letter. 

GOGXaTE, n. In Scots law, any male relation through the 
mother. 

GOGNaTE-NESS, n. State of being cognate.— Coleridge. 

GOG-XaTIOX, [L. cognatio.] 1. In" the civil law, kindred 
or natural relation between males and females, both de- 
scended from the same father ; as agnation is the rela- 
tion between males only descended from the same stock. 

2. Kindred ; relation by descent from the same original. 

3. Relation ; participation of the same nature. 
GoGX'IAG, } (kon'yak), n. The best kind of brandy, so 
CoGXAC, S named from a town in France. Smart gives 

a preference to the spelling Cogniac. 

COG-nT-1ee'' \ See CoGNIZOB > Cognizee. 

GOG-Ni"TION, n. [L. cognitio.] Knowledge or certain 
knowledge, as from personal view or experience. 

GOGXI-TlVE, a. Knowing, or apprehending by the under- 
standing. — South. [Little used.] 

*COGNI-ZA-BLE (koghe-za-bl or kon'e-za-bl), a. [Fr. con- 
noissahle.] 1. That falls or may fall under judicial no- 
tice ; that may be heard, tried, and determined. 2. That 
falls or may fall under notice or observation ; that maj 
be known, perceived, or apprehended. 

GOGNI-ZA-BLY, adv. In a cognizable manner. — Words- 
worth. 

* GOGXI-ZAXCE (koghe-zans or kon'e-zans), n. [Fr. con- 
noissance.] 1. Judicial notice or knowledge; the hear- 
ing, trying, and determining of a cause or action in court. 
2. Jurisdiction, or right to try and determine causes. — 3. 
In law, an acknowledgment or confession. 4. A badge 
worn by a retainer or dependent, to indicate the per.-ou 
or party to which he belongs. 5. Knowledge or notice ; 
perception - r observation. 6. Knowledge by recollection. 

GOGNT-Z ANT (kog'ne-zant or kon'e-zant)^. Having knowl 
edge of. 

* GOG-XI-ZEE' (kog-ne-zee'orkon-ne-zee 1 ), n. In law. one 
to whom a fine is acknowledged, or the plaintiff in an 
action for the assurance of land by fine. 

*GOG-XI-ZOR' (kog-ne-zor' or kon-e-zori). n. One who ac- 
knowledges the right of the plaintiff or cognizeej in a fine ; 
otherwise called the defendant, or deforciant. 

GOG-No'MEN, n. [L.] The last of the three names among 
the Romans. It described the house or family of a per- 
son, as the nomen did the gens ; while the pranomen was 
the name of the individual. — Brande. 

GOG-NOMTN-AL, a. [L. cognomen.] 1. Pertaining to a sur- 
name. 2. Having the same name. [Little used.] 

tCOG-NOMTN-ITE. v. t. To give a name.— Cockeram. 

GOG-XOM-LX-a'TION, n. [L. cognomen.] A surname; the 
name of a family ; a name given from any accident or 
quality ; as, Alexander the Great. 

GOG-XOS'CEXCE. n. Knowledge ; the act or state of 
knowing. [Little used ] 

■€OG-NOS-CEN'TE, n.; pi. Cognoscenti. [It] A cou- 
noisseur. 

f GOG-XOS-CI-BILI-TY, n. The quality of being cognos- 
cible. 

GOG-XOS'CI-BLE, a. That may be known.— Hale. [Rare.] 

GOG-XOS'CI-TlVE, a. Having'the power of knowing. 

€OG-NQ'VI T. [L. he acknowledges.] In law, used when the 
defendant acknowledges the justice of the plaintiff's claim, 
or a part of it, and suffers judgment to be entered accord- 
inglv. 

GO-GUaRDT-AN, n. A joint guardian. — Kent. 

G5GUE (kog), n. A small wooden vessel ; a dram. [Local] 

GO-HAB'IT,~t : . i. 1. To dwell with ; to inhabit or reside in 
company, or in the same place or country ; [rare.] 2. 
To dwell or five together as husband and wife ; usually 
or often applied to persons not legally married. 

GO-HABIT- AXT, n. One who dwells with another, or in 
the same place. 

GO-HAB-IT-aTIOX, n. 1. The act or state of dwelling to- 
gether, or in the same place with another. 2. The state 
of living together as man and wife, without being legally 
married. 

G0-HAB1T-IXG, ppr. or n. Dwelling together, or the act of 
doing so. 



D6VE ;— BULL. FNITE ; AX"GER VT'CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH : TH as in this., t Obsolete. 



COl 



190 



COL 



CO-HEIR' (ko-air'), n. [L. coheres.] A joint heir; one who 
succeeds to a share of an inheritance, which is to be di- 
vided among two or more. 

CO-HEIR'ESS (ko-air'es), n. A female who inherits a share 
of an estate, which is to be divided among two or more 
heirs or heiresses ; a joint heiress. 

CO-HEB/ALD, n. A joint herald. 

CO-HeRE', v. i. [L. cohareo.] 1. To stick together ; to hold 
fast, as parts of the same mass. 2. To be well connected ; 
to follow regularly in the natural order ; to be suited in 
connection, as the parts of a discourse. 3. To be fitted ; 
to be suitable. — Syn. To cleave ; unite ; adhere ; stick ; 
suit^ agree ; fit ; be consistent. 

CO-HeR'ENCE, In. LA sticking, cleaving, or hanging 

CO-HeR'EN-CY, > together ; union of parts of the same 
body, or a cleaving together of two bodies, by means of 
attraction. — Locke. 2. Connection ; suitable connection 
or dependence, proceeding from the natural relation of 
parts or things to each other, as in the parts of a dis- 
course ; consistency. — Locke. 

CO-HeR'ENT, a. Sticking together ; cleaving ; as the parts 
of bodies, solid or fluid. 2. Connected ; united by some 
relation in form or order. 3. Suitable, or suited ; regu- 
larly adapted. 4. Consistent ; having a due agreement of 
parts. 

€0-HeR'ENT-LY, adv. In a coherent manner ; with due 
connection or agreement of parts. 

CO-HE-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of one part of mat- 
ter to unite with another. 

€0-He'SI-BLE, a. Capable of cohesion. 

CO-He'SION, n. [It. coesione.} 1. The act of sticking to- 
gether ; the state of being united by natural attraction, as 
the constituent particles of homogeneous bodies which 
unite hi a ma-ss, by a natural tendency ; one of the differ- 
ent species of attraction. 2. Connection ; dependence ; as 
the cohesion of ideas. But in this sense, see Coherence. 

CO-He'SiVE, a. That has the power of sticking or coher- 
ing ; tending to unite in a mass, and to resist separation. 

CO-He'SiVE-LY, adv. With cohesion. 

CO-HE'S* VE-NESS, n. The quality of being cohesive ; the 
quality of adhering together, as particles of matter. 

t CO-HIB'IT, v. t. [L. cohibeo.] To restrain. 

CO-HIBTT-ED, pp. Restrained. 

\ €0-HI-Bl"TION, n. [L. cohibitio.] Hinderance ; restraint 

CO-HIBTT-ING. ppr. Restraining. 

Co'HO-BaTE, v. t. [Port, cohorar.] Among the early chem- 
ists, to repeat the distillation of the same liquor, or that 
from the same body, pouring the liquor back upon the 
matter remaining in the vessel. 

Co'HO-BI-TED, pp. Repeatedly distilled. 

CoTIO-Ba-TING, ppr. Distilling repeatedly. 

CO-HO-Ba'TION, n. [Sp. cohobacion.] The operation of 
repeatedly distilling the same liquor, or that from the 
same substance. 

€0-HoES', ? n. A fall of water, or falls ; a word of Indian 

CO-HoZE', ) origin in America. 

€5'HORT, n. [L. cohors ; Fr. cohorte,] 1. Among the Ro- 
mans, the tenth part of a legion, a body of about five or six 
hundred men. — 2. In poetry, a band or body of warriors. 

I CO-HORT-I'TION, n. Exhortation ; encouragement. 

COIF, n. [Fr. coiffe.] A kind of cauL or cap, worn on the 
head. 

COIF, v. t. To cover or dress with a coif. 

COIFED (koift), a. Wearing a coif. 

COIF'FURE, n. [Fr.] A head-dress.— ;4<2cfeo7i. 

COIGNE, for coin. See Coin, a corner or external angle. 

COIGNE, \ v. i. To live by extortion. — Bryskett. [An Irish 

COIN'Y, j word.} 

COIL, v. t. [Fr. cueillir.] To gather, as a line or cord into a 
circular form ; to wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a rope. 

COIL, n. 1. A rope gathered into a ring. 2. A noise ; tu- 
mult ; bustle ; confusion. — Shak. 

COILED, pp. or a. Gathered into a circular form, as a rope 
or a serpent. 

COLLING, ppr. Gathering or winding into a ring or circle. 

COIN, n. [Fr. coin.] 1. A corner or external angle ; a jut- 
ting point, as of a wall. — Shak. 2. A wedge for raising or 
lowering a piece of ordnance. — Bailey. 3. A wedge or 
piece of wood to lay between casks on shipboard. — Bailey. 
COIN, n. [Sp. cuna ; Fr. coin.] 1. Money stamped ; a piece 
of metal, as gold, silver, copper, or other metal, converted 
into money, by impressing on it marks, figures, or char- 
acters. — Current coin is coin legally stamped, and circu- 
lating in trade. — Ancient coins are chiefly those of the 
Jews, Greeks, and Romans, which are kept in cabinets as 
curiosities. — 2. In architecture, a kind of die cut diagonally, 
after the manner of a flight of a staircase. 3. That which 
serves for payment; as, to pay in the same coin. 
COIN, v.t. 1. To stamp a metal, and convert it into money ; 
to mint. 2. To make or fabricate for common use ; as, 
to coin new words. 3. To make ; to forge ; to fabricate ; 
as, to coin falsehoods. — Dryden. 
COIN'AGE, n. 1. The act, art, or practice of stamping me- 



tallic money. 2. Coin ; money coined ; stamped and le 
gitimated metal for a circulating medium. 3. Coins of a 
particular stamp. 4. The charges or expense of coining 
money. 5. A making ; new production ; formation ; as, 
the coinage of new words. 6. Invention ; forgery ; fab- 
rication. 

CO-IN-ClDE', v. i. [Low L. coincido.] 1. To fall or to meet 
in the same point, as two lines or bodies ; followed by with 
2. To concur ; to be consistent with ; to agree. 

CO-IN'CI-DENCE, n. 1. The falling or meeting of two or 
more lines, surfaces, or bodies in the same point. 2. Con 
currence ; consistency ; agreement ; as, coincidence of 
views. 3. A meeting of events in time ; concurrence ; a 
happening at the same time. 

CO-IN'CI-DENT, a. 1. Falling on the same point ; meeting, 
as lines, surfaces, or bodies. 2. Concurrent ; consistent ; 
agreeable to ; accordant. 

CO-IN'CI-DENT-LY, adv. With coincidence. 

CO-IN-ClD'ER, n. He or that which coincides or concurs 

CO-IN-ClD'ING, ppr. or a. Meeting in the same point , 
agreeing ; concurring. 

CO-IN-DI-Ca'TION, n. [L. con and indicatio.] In medicine, 
a sign or symptom, which, with other signs, assists to 
show the nature of the disease, and the proper remedy ; 
a concurrent sign or symptom. 

COINED, pp. or a. Struck or stamped, as money ; made , 
invented; forged. 

COIN'ER, n. 1. One who stamps coin ; a minter ; a maker 
of money. 2. A counterfeiter of the legal coin ; a makei 
of base money. 3. An inventor or maker, as of words 

CO-IN-HAB'IT-ANT, n. One who dwells with another 

CO-IN-HER'IT-ANCE, n. Joint inheritance. 

CO-IN-HERTT-OR, n. A joint heir ; a coheir. 

COINING, ppr. Stamping money ; making ; inventing , 
forging ; fabricating. 

COINING, n. The act, art, or practice of stamping metallic 
money. 

t CO-IN'QUI-NaTE, v. t. [L. coinquino.] To pollute. 

t CO-IN-QUI-NX'TION, n. Defilement ; pollution. 

CO-IN-STAN-TX'NE-OUS, a. Instantaneous at the same 
moment. 

COIR, n. A material for cordage, consisting of the fibres of 
the cocoa-nut ; also, the cordage made of this material. - 
P. Cyc 

COIS'TRIL, n. 1. A coward a runaway.— Shak. 2. A 
young lad. 

COIT, n. A quoit, which see. 

COIT'ING. See Quoit. 

€0-l"TION (-ish'un), n. [L. coitio.] A coming together , 
chiefly the venereal intercourse of the sexes ; copulation. 

CO-JOIN', v. t. [L. conjungo.] To join with another in the 
same office. — Shak. [Little used.] 

€O-J0'ROR, n. One who swears to another's credibility. 

CoKE, n. Fossil coal charred, or deprived of its bitumen, 
sulphur, or other extraneous or volatile matter, by fire. 

CoKE, v. t. To convert into coke. 

C6LAN-DER (kuilen-der), n. [L. colo.] A vessel with a 
bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquors. 
In America, this name is given, I believe, exclusively to a 
vessel of tin, or other metal. In Great Britain, the name 
is given to vessels, like sieves, made with hair, osiers, or 
twigs. — Dryden. 

CO-La'Pv.eS, n. The genuine wine of Portugal. 

CO-La'TION, n. The act of straining or purifying liquor, 
by passing it through a perforated vessel. [Little used.] 

GOL'A-TURE, n. The act of straining ; the matter strained 
[Little used.] 

COL'BER-TlNE, n. A kind of lace worn by wemen. 

COL'CHI-CINE, n. A vegetable alkaloid obtained from col 
chicum autumnale. 

COL'CHI-CUM, n. The meadow saffron, from the bulbs ot 
one species of which, colchicum autumnale, a medicine is 
prepared as a remedy for gout and rheumatism. 

GOL'CO-THAR, n. The brown-red oxyd of iron which re- 
mains after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of 
iron ; used in polishing, and sometimes called crocus 
mortis. 

CoLD, a. [Sax. cald.] 1. Not warm or hot ; a relative term. 
2. Having the sensation of cold ; shivering, or inclined to 
shiver. 3. Having cold qualities ; as, a cold plant. 4. 
Wanting passion, zeal, or ardor ; not animated, or easily 
excited into action. 5. Not moving ; unaifecting ; not an- 
imated ; unable to excite feeling ; as, a cold discourse. 6, 
Not affectionate, cordial, or friendly ; indicating indiffer- 
ence ; as, a cold reception. 7. Not heated by sensual de- 
sire. 8. Not hasty; not violent. 9. Not affecting the 
scent strongly ; not having the scent strongly affected, aa 
of dogs. Shak. — Syn. Gelid ; bleak ; frigid ; chill ; indif- 
ferent ; unconcerned ; spiritless ; reserved ; coy. 

CoLD, n. [Sax. cele, cyl, cyle.] 1. The sensation produced 
in animal bodies by the escape of heat, and the consequent 
contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of that 
sensation. 2. A shivering: ; the effect of the contraction 



* See Synopsis. A, %, I, &c, long.— a, e, L &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;--MoVE. BOOK. 



COL 



191 



COJL, 



of toe fine vessels of the body; chilliness, or dullness. 3. 
A disease ; indisposition occasioned by cold ; catarrh. 

GoLD'-BLdOD'ED, a. 1. Having cold blood. 2. Without 
sensibility 'or feeling; hard-hearted. 

CoLD'-FINCH, n. A species of motacilla, a bird. 

CoLD'-HEaRTED, a. Wanting feeling ; indifferent. 

€oLD'-HEaRTED-LY, adv. In a cold-hearted manner. 

€5LD'-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or sensibility. 

CoLD'-SHORT, a. Brittle when cold, as a metal. 

CoLD'-SHoUL'DER, n. To give the cold-shoulder to any 
one, is to treat him with cool neglect. 

CoLD'ISH, a. Somewhat cold. 

GoLDTY, adv. In a cold manner ; without warmth ; with- 
out concern ; without ardor or animation ; without appa- 
rent passion, emotion, or feeling ; with indifference, neg- 
lect, or contempt. 

CoLD'NESS, n. 1. Want of heat. 2. Unconcern ; indiffer- 
ence ; a frigid state of temper ; want of ardor, zeal, emo- 
tion, animation, or spirit ; negligence. 3. Want of appa- 
rent affection, or kindness. 4. Coyness ; reserve ; indif- 
ference. 5. Want of sensual desire ; frigidity ; chastity. 

€6LE, n. [Sax. caul, cawl, or cawel.] The general name of 
all sorts of cabbage or brassica ; but we generally use it in 
its compounds, cole-wort, cauliflower, &c. 

CoLE'-MOUSE. See Coal-mouse. 

CoLE'-PERCH, n. A small fish. 

€oLE'-W6RT, n. A particular species of cole or cabbage. 

CO-LE-OP'TER-AL, \a. Having wings covered with a 

CO-LE-OPTER-OUS, J case or sheath ; belonging to the 
coleoptera. 

CO-LE-OPTER-AN, n. 1 [Gr. koacos and Tirepov.] A term 

CO-LE-OP'TER-A, n. pi. i applied to an order of insects 
having shells or outside wings, which serve as a covering 
and protection for the true wings, which are beneath. The 
beetle is of this kind. — Brands. 

CoLE'SEED, n. 1. The seed of the rape or French turnip. 
2. Cabbage-seed. — Mortimer. 

GOL'ET, \ n. A corruption of acolyte, an inferior church 

COL'LET, I servant. 

COLTG, n. [L. colicus.] A severe pain in the bowels, of 
which there are several varieties. 

f OT 'T-p'aT ( °" Aff ect ™g me bowels. — Milton. 

COLICKY,' a. Pertaining to colic. 

COLIN, n. A bird of the partridge kind. 

COL-I-SeTTM, n. The amphitheatre of Vespasian at Rome, 
the largest in the world ; also written Colosseum. 

t€OLL, v. t. To embrace. — Spenser. See Collar. 

€OL-LAB'0-Ra-TOR, n. [Fr. collaborateiir.] An associate 
in labor, particularly literary or scientific. [Recent.] 

COL-LAPSE' (kol-laps'), n. [L. collapsus.] 1. A falling to- 
gether, as of the sides of a hollow vessel. 2. An extreme 
depression of the bodily energies. 

COL-LAPSE' (kol-laps'), v. i. [L. collapsus.] To fall togeth- 
er, as the two sides of a vessel ; to close by falling to- 
gether. 

COL-LAPS'ED (kol-lapsf), pp. or a. Fallen together ; closed. 

COL-LAP'SION, n. A state of falling together ; a state of 
vessels closed. 

COL'LAR, n. [L. collare.] 1. Something round the neck, as a 
ring of metal, or a chain. 2. The part of a garment which 
surrounds the neck. 3. A part of a harness for the neck 
of a horse or other beast, used in draught. — 4. Among sea- 
men, the upper part of a stay ; also, a rope in form of a 
wreath, to which a stay is confined. — 5. In architecture, a 
horizontal piece of timber connecting and bracing two 
opposite rafters. — B.rande. Also, a ring, cincture, or as- 
tragal. Gwilt. — 6. To slip the collar, is to escape or get 
free ; to disentangle one s self from difficulty, labor, or en- 
gagement. — A collar of brawn is the quantity tied up in 
one parcel. 

€OL/LAR, v. t. 1. To seize by the collar. 2. To put a col- 
lar on. — To collar beef, or other meat, is to roll it up and 
bind it close with a string ; [English.] 

€OL'LAR-BeAM, n. In architecture,.^, horizontal piece of 
timber connecting and bracing two opposite rafters ; 
also called collar. — Gwilt. 

eOL'LAR-BqNE, n. The clavicle. 

GOL'LAR-DaY, n. A day on which knights appear at 
court in their collars. — Smart. 

€OI/LAR-A6E, n. A tax or fine laid for the collars of 

wine-drawing horses. [English.] 
€OL'LAR£D (kollard), pp. 1. Seized by the collar. 2. 

a. Having a collar on the neck. 
GOL-L AT A-BLE, a. Capable of being collated. 
GOL-LaTE' v. t. [L. collatum, collatus] 1. To lay together 
and compare, by examining the points in which two or 
more things of a similar kind agree or disagree. 2. To 
confer or bestow a benefice. 3. To bestow or confer ; as, 
to collate baptism. — Taylor. 4. To gather and place in 
order, as the sheets of a book for binding. 
GOL-L aTE', v. i. To place in a benefice, as by a bishop. 
GOL-LaT'ED, pp. Laid together and compared ; examined 



by comparing; presented and instituted, as a clergyman, 
to a benefice. 
COL-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. collateralis.] 1. Being by the side, 
side by side, on the side, or side to side. — 2. In genealogy 
descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not one 
from the other ; as distinguished from lineal. — 3. Collateral 
security is security for the performance of covenants or 
the payment of money, besides the principal security. 4. 
Running parallel. 5. Diffused on either side ; springing 
from relations ; as, collateral love. — Milton. 6. Not direct, 
or immediate ; as, by collateral hand. — Shah. 7. Concur- 
rent ; as, by collateral strength. 

COL-LATER-AL, n. A collateral relation or kinsman. 

COL-LATER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Side by side ; or by the side. 
2. Indirectly. 3. In collateral relation ; not in a direct 
line ; not lineally. 

COL-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The state of being collateral. 

€OL-La.TING, ppr. Comparing; presenting and instituting. 

COL-La'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing or laying togeth- 
er, and comparing ; a comparison of one copy or thing of 
a like kind with another. 2. The act of conferring or be- 
stowing ; a gift. — 3. In the canon law, the presentation of 
a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his 
own gift or patronage. — 4. In common law, the presenta- 
tion of a copy to its original, and a comparison made by 
examination, to ascertain its conformity. 5. In Scots law, 
the right winch an heir ha3 of throwing the whole herita- 
ble and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, 
and sharing it equally with others who are of the same 
degree of kindred. 6. A repast between full meals ; as, a 
cold collation. — Collation of seals denotes one seal set on 
the same label, on the reverse of another. 

€OL-LA-Ti"TIOUS, a. Done by the contribution of many. 

COL-La'TiVE, a. Advowsons are presentative, collative, or 
donative. An advowson collative is where the bishop and 
patron are one and the same person. 

COL-La'TOR, n. 1. One who collates or prepares man- 
uscripts or copies of books. 2. One who collates to a 
benefice. 

COL-LAUD', v. t. [L. collauda.] To unite in praising.- 
Howell. [Little used.] 

GOL'LeAGUE (kolleeg), n. [L. collega; Fr. collegue.] A 
partner or associate in the same office, employment, or 
commission, civil or ecclesiastical. — Syn. Coadjutor ; ally. 

COL-LeAGUE' (kol-leegO, v. t. or i. To unite with in the 
same office. 

COL-LeAGUED' (kol-leegd'), pp. United as an associate in 
the same office. 

€OL'LeAGUE-SHIP, n. Partnership in office. 

COL-LECT, v. t. [L. colligo, collectum.] 1. To bring to- 
gether, as separate persons or things, into one body or 
place. 2. To gain by observation or information. 3. To 
gather from premises ; to infer as a consequence. 4. To 
gather money or revenue from debtors ; to demand and 
receive. 5. To gather, as crops ; to reap, mow, or pick, 
and secure in proper repositories. 6. To draw together ; 
to bring into united action. 7. To obtain from contribu- 
tion. — To collect one's self is to recover from surprise, or a 
disconcerted state ; to gain command over the thoughts, 
when dispersed ; over the passions, when tumultuous ; or 
the mind, when dismayed. — Syn. To gather ; assemble , 
aggregate ; amass ; infer ; deduce. 

COL-LECT', v. i. To run together ; to accumulate. 

COL'LECT, n. 1. A short, comprehensive prayer ; a prayer 
adapted to a particular day or occasion. 2. A collection 
or gathering of money ; [little used.] 

€OL-LEC-Ta'NE-a, n. pi. [L. things collected.] In literature, 
a term applied to a selection of passages from various au- 
thors, usually made for the purpose of instruction. 

COL-LEC-TA'NE-OUS, a. [L. collectaneus.] Gathered ; col- 
lected. 

COL-LECT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Gathered ; assembled ; con- 
gregated ; drawn together. 2. a. Recovered from surprise 
or dismav ; not disconcerted ; cool ; firm ; prepared. 

COL-LECTED-LY, adv. In one view ; together ; in one 
body ; in a cool, prepared state of mind. 

COL-LECT'ED-NESS, n. A collected state of the mind , 
recovery from surprise. 

€OL-LE€T'I-BLE, a. I. That may be collected or gathered , 
that may be inferred. 2. That may be gathered or recov- 
ered ; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible. 

COL-LECTING, ppr. or a. Gathering ; drawing together 
assembling. 

GOL-LEC'TION, n. 1. The act of gathering or assembling 
2. The body formed by gathering ; an assemblage. 3. A 
contribution ; a sum collected for a charitable purpose 
4. A gathering, as of matter in an abscess. 5. The act of 
deducing consequences ; inference ; [little used.] 6. A 
corollary ; a consectary ; a deduction from premises , 
consequence. 7. A book compiled from other books, by 
the putting together of parts. — Syn. An assembly ; assem- 
blage ; group ; crowd ; meeting ; mass ; heap ; compila 
tion ; selection. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;-— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this., f Obsolete 



COL 



192 



COL 



f COL-LEG-TfTIOUS (-tish'us), a. Gathered up. 
GOL-LEGTlVE, a. [L. collectivus.] 1. Formed by gather- 
ing ; gathered into a mass, sum, or body ; congregated, or 
aggregated. 2. Deducing consequences ; reasoning ; in- 
ferring. — 3. In grammar, expressing a number or multi- 
tude united ; as, a collective noun. 
GOL-LEGT'IVE-LY, adv. In a mass or body ; in a collect- 
ed state ; in the aggregate ; unitedly ; in a state of combi- 
nation. 
COL-LECT'lVE-NESS, n. A state of union ; mass. 
60L-LEGTOR, n. 1. One who collects or gathers things 
which are scattered or separate. 2. A compiler ; one 
who gathers and puts together parts of books, or scattered 
pieces, in one book. — 3. In botany, one who gathers plants, 
without studying botany as a science. Also, a term ap- 
plied to the dense hairs covering the styles of some plants. 
-Brande. 4. An officer appointed and commissioned to 
collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or toll. 5. A 
bachelor of arts in Oxford, who is appointed to super- 
intend some scholastic proceedings in Lent. — Todd. 
GOL-LECT'OR-ATE, \n. 1. The office of a collector of 
€OL-LE€T'OR-SHIP, 5 customs or taxes. 2. The juris- 
diction of a collector. 
€OL-LEGA-TA-RY, n. In the civil law, a person who has 
a legacy left to him in common with one or more other 
persons. 
GOL'LEGE, n. [L. collegium.] 1. In a general sense, a col- 
lection, assemblage, or society of men, invested with cer- 
tain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or en- 
gaged in some common employment, or pursuit. — 2. In a 
varticular sense, an assembly for a political or ecclesiastical 
purpose. — In Great Britain and the United States of Amer- 
ica, a society of physicians is called a college. So, also, 
there are colleges of surgeons, &c. 3. An establishment 
or edifice for students who are acquiring the languages 
and sciences. 4. The society of persons engaged in the 
pursuits of literature, including the officers and students. 
— 5. In foreign universities, a public lecture. 6. A com- 
munity; as, a college of bees. — Dryden ; [improper.] 

GQL'LE6E-LlKE, a. Regulated after the manner of a 
college. 

GOL-Le'GI-AL, a. Relating to a college ; belonging to a 
college ; having the properties of a college. 

GOL-Le'gI-AN, n. A member of a college, particularly of a 
literary institution so called ; an inhabitant of a college. 

GOL-Le'GI-ATE, a. 1. Pertaining to a college. 2. Contain- 
ing a college ; instituted after the manner of a college. 3. 
A collegiate church is one that has no bishop's see, but has 
the ancient retinue of a bishop, canons and prebends. 

GOL-Le'GI-ATE, n. The member of a college. 

GOL'LET. n. [Fr. collet.] 1. Among jewelers, the horizontal 
face or plane at the bottom of brilliants : or the part of a 
ring in which the stone is set. — 2. In glass-making, that 
part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instrument 
used in taking the substance from the melting-pot. — 3. An- 
ciently, a band or collar. 4. A term used by turners. — 
5. In botany, the neck or part of a plant from which 
spring the ascending and descending axes. — Lindley. 

GOL-LET'IG, a. Having the property of gluing ; agglutin- 
ant. 

GOL-LETTG, n. [Gr. koXXjjtikos.] An agglutinant. 

GOL-LlDE', v. i. [L. collido.] To strike or dash against 
each other. ->-Brown. 

€OL-LiDTNG, ppr. Striking or dashing against. 

GOLL'IER (kolyer), n. 1. A digger of coal ; one who works 
in a coal-mine. 2. A coal-merchant, or dealer in coal. 
3. A coasting vessel employed in the coal trade. 

GOLL'IER-Y (kol'yer-y), n. 1. The place where coal is dug. 

2. The coal trade. 
€OL'LI-FLOW-ER. See Cauliflower. 
GOL'LI-GaTE, v. t. [L. colligo.] To tie or bind together. 
GOL'LI-Ga-TED, pp. Tied or bound together. 
GOL'LI-Ga-TING, ppr. Binding together. 
€OL-LI-Ga'TION, n. A binding together. 
GOL-LI-MI'TION, n. [L. collimo.] The act of aiming at a 

mark ; aim. — In a telescope, the line of collimation is the 
line of sight ; or that which passes through the center of 
the object-glass and the intersection of the wires placed in 
the focus^ — Brande. 

€OL-LI-MaTOR, n. An instrument for determining the 
horizontal point. 

GOL-LIN-E-a'TION, n. [L. collineo.] The act of aiming, or 
directing in a line to a fixed object. 

t GOL'LING, n. [L.collum.] An embrace ; dalliance. 

GOL-LIN"GUAL (-ling'gwal), a. Having or pertaining to the 
same language. 

GOL-LIQ'UA-BLE (kol-lik'wa-bl), a. That may be liquefied, 
•ii- melted ; liable to melt. 

€'.< >L-LIQTJA-MENT, n. 1. The substance formed by melt- 
ing ; that which is melted. 2. The fetal part of an egg. 

3. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. 
GOLTJ-QUANT, a. That has the power of dissolving or 

melting. 



GOL'LI-QUaTE, v. i. [L. colliqueo.] To melt; to dissolve 

to change from solid to fluid ; to become liquid. 
GOL'LI-QUaTE, v. t. To melt or dissolve. 
GOL'LI-QUa-TED, pp. Melted ; dissolved ; turned from s 

solid to a fluid substance. 
GOL'LI-QUI-TLNG, ppr. Melting dissolving. 
GOL-LI-QUi'TION, n. 1. The act of melting. 2. A dissolv 

ing, flowing, or wasting. 
GOL-LIQ'UA-TIVE, a. Melting ; dissolving. Applied to 
excessive evacuations, which melt down, as it were, the 
strength and substance of the body. 
COL-LIQ-UE-F ACTION (kol-lik-we-fak'shun), n. [L. col 
liquefacio.] A melting together; the reduction of different 
bodies into one mass by fusion. 
GOL-LiS'ION (kol-hzh'un), w . [L. collisio.] 1. The act of 
striking together ; a striking together of two hard bodies 
2. The state of being struck together. 3. Figuratively, l 
state of contrariety and interference ; as, a collision of in 
terests. 4. A running against each other, as ships at sea. 
Marshal. — Syn. Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition, 
GOL-LIT'I-GANT, n. One who litigates with another. 
GOL'LO-GaTE, v. t. [L. colloco.] To set, or place; to set ; 

to station. 
GOL'LO-GaTE, a. Set; placed.— Bacon. 
GOI/LO-Ga-TED, pp. Placed. 
GOL'LO-Ga-TING, ppr. Setting; placing. 
GOL-LO-Ga'TION, n. [L. collocatio.] 1. A setting ; the art 
of placing ; disposition in place. 2. The state of being 
placed, or placed with something else. 
GOL-LO-GO'TION, n. [L. collocutio.] A speaking or ci. 

versing together ; conference ; mutual discourse. 
GOL-LO-Gu'TOR, n. One of the speakers in a dialogue 
t GOL-LoGUE', v. t. To wheedle. 
tGOL-LoGU'ING, n. Flattery; deceit.— Burton. 
GOL'LOP, n. 1. A small slice of meat; a piece o' flesh, a 

thick piece or fleshy lump. — 2. In burlesque, a child. 
GOL-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to common conversationi 

or to mutual discourse. 
GOL-Lo'QUI-AL-ISM, n. A colloquial form of expression. 
GOL-Lo'QUI-AL-LY, adv. By mutual conversation. 
COL'LO-QUIST, n. A speaker in a dialogue. 
GOL'LO-QUY, n. [I,, colloquium.] Conversation ; mutual 

discourse of two or more ; conference ; dialogue. 
GOL'LoW. See Colly. 

GOL-LUG'TAN-CY, n. [L. colluctor.] A struggling to re- 
sist ; a striving against ; resistance ; opposition of nature 
GOL-LUG'Ta'TION, n. A struggling to resist ; contest ; re 

sistance; opposition; contrariety. 
GOL-LuDE', v. i. [L. colludo.] To play into the hand of 

each other ; to conspire in a fraud ; to act in concert. 
COL-LfJD'ER, n. One who conspires in a fraud. 
COL-LfJDTNG, ppr. Conspiring with another in a fraud. 
GOL-LCD'ING, n. A trick ; collusion. 
GOL-Lu'SION (kol-lu'zhun), n. [L. collusio.] 1. In law. a 
deceitful agreement or compact between two or mce 
persons, for the one party to bring an action against fne 
other, for some evil purpose. 2. A secret agreement and 
co-operation for a fraudulent purpose. 
GOL-Lu'SIVE, a. Fraudulently concerted between two oi 

more. 
COL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. By collusion ; by secret agreement 

to defraud. 
GOL-Lu'SiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being collusive. 
GOL-Lu'SO-RY, a. Carrying on a fraud by a secret con 

cert ; containing collusion. 
GOL-Lu'VI-eS, n. [L.] Filth ; a sink ; a mixed mr.sa of re- 
fuse matter. s 
GOL'LY, ? n. The black grime or soot of coal <r burne*' 
GOL'LoW, I wood. 
GOL'LY, v. t. To make foul ; to grime with tiw «nut of 

coal. 
GOL'LY-RlTE, n. [Gr. Ko'X'Svpiov.] A variety of clay, of a 

white color. 
GOL-LYR'I-UM, n. [L.] A lotion intended t<-. prevent ex- 
cessive discharges : now applied only to eye-waters 
Brande. 
GOL'MAR, n. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 
GOL'O-CYNTH, n. [Gr. koXokwOiS.] The oloquintida, oi 

bitter apple of the shops ; a violent purgative. 
GOL-O-CYNTH'IN, n. The supposed cc'ive medicinal prin- 
ciple of the colocynth. 
GO-LoGNE'-eARTH (ko-16ne'-erth), n. A kind of light bas- 
tard ochre, of a deep brown color. 
CO-LoGNE'-WA-TER (ko-l6ne'-wa-ter), n. A liquor com 
posed of spirits of wine, oil of lavender, oil of rosemary, 
essence_of lemon, and oil of cinnamon. 
GOL'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. kwXov and Xidos.] A name given to 

the fossil intestines of fishes. 
Go'LON, n. [Gr. kioXuv.] 1. In anatomy, the largest of the 
intestines, or, rather, the largest division of the intestinal 
canal. — 2. In grammar, a point or character formed thus 
(:), used to mark a pause greater than that of a sernicolcn, 
but less than that of a period. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—L, % I. &c, short.— FAR, FILL, WHAT :— PREY;--MAEiNE, BIRD ;— MOVE. BQQF. 



, 



COL 



193 



COL 



GOLONIT (kur'nel), n. [Fr. colonel.] The chief com- 
dander of ■» 1 egiment of troops. 

GOL'ONEL-CY (kur'nel-sy), \n. The office, rank, or 

GOL'ONEL-SHIP (kur'nel-ship), 5 commission of a col- 
onel. — Swift. — Washington. 

GO-LoW-AL, a. Pertaining to a colony. 

fGO-LON'IC-AL, a. Relating to husbandmen. — Spelman. 

GOL'O-NIST, n. An inhabitant of a colony. 

GOL-O-NI-ZaTION, n. The act of colonizing, or state of 
being colonized. — Colonization Society, a society in the 
United States, designed to aid free blacks in emigrating to 
Africa. 

GOL-O-NI-ZITION-IST, n. One friendly to the Coloniza- 
tion Society or to colonization. 

eOL'O-NlZE, v. t. 1. To plant or establish a colony in ; to 
plant or settle a number of the subjects of a kingdom or 
state in a remote country, for commercial or other pur- 
poses. % To migrate and settle in, as inhabitants. 

GOL'O-NlZE, v. i. To remove and settle in a distant coun- 
try ; as^to colonize in India. — Buchanan. 

COL'0-NlZ.ED, pp. Settled or planted with a colony. 

GOL'O-NlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Planting with a colony. 

GOL'O-NlZ-ING, n. The act of establishing a colony. 

GOL-ON-NaDE', n. [It. colonnata.~\ In architecture, a se- 
ries or range of columns, placed at regular intervals. 
When disposed in a circle, or when surrounding a build- 
ing of any shape, they are called a peristyle. When the 
rows of columns are double or more, they form a poly- 
style. 

GOL'O-NY, n. [L. colonia.] 1. A company or body of peo- 
ple transplanted from their mother-country to a remote 
province or country, to cultivate and inhabit it, and re- 
maining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state. 
2. The country planted or colonized ; a plantation ; also, 
the body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including 
the descendants of the first planters. 3. A collection of 
animals ; as, colonies of shell-fish. 

GOL'O-PHA-NY. See Colophony. 

GOL'O-PHON, n. An inscription on the last page of a book, 
before title-pages were used, containing the place or year, 
or both, of its publication, the printer's name, &c. The 
word is derived from a Greek proverb respecting the 
people of Colophon, in Ionia, that they always came hind- 
most. — Brande. 

COL'O-PHON-lTE, n. A variety of garnet. 
COL'O-PHO-NY, n. The dark-colored resin obtained by 
the distillation of turpentine. So called from Colophon, in 
loria, whence it was first brought. — Brande. 

GOL-O-QUINTI-DA, n. [Gr. koXokwOlS.] The colocynth, 
or bitter apple, a violent purgative. 

C6L'OR (kullur), n. [L. color; It. colore; Sp., Port, color; 
Fr. couleur.] 1. In physics, a property inherent in light, 
which, by a difference in the rays and the laws of refrac- 
tion, or some other cause, gives to bodies particular ap- 
pearances to the eye. The principal colors are red, orange, 
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. 2. Appearance of 
a body to the eye, or a quality of sensation, caused by the 
rays of tight ; hue ; dye. 3. A red color ; the freshness 
or appearance of blood in the face. 4. Appearance to the 
mind ; as, to put a false color on the subject 5. Superfi- 
cial cover ; palliation ; that which serves to give an ap- 
pearance of right ; as, there was no color of excuse. 6. 
External appearance ; false show ; pretense ; guise ; as, 
under color of commending him. 7. Kind ; species ; 
character ; complexion. — Shak. 8. That which is used 
for coloring; paint; as red lead, ochre, orpiment, cinna- 
bar, or vermilion, &c. — 9. Colors, with a plural termina- 
tion, in the military art, a flag, ensign, or standard, borne 
in an army or fleet. [See Flag.] — 10. In law, color, in 
pleading, is when the defendant in assize or trespass gives 
to the plaintiff" a color or appearance of tide, by stating his 
title specially ; thus removing the cause from the jury to 
the court. — Water-colors are such as are used in painting 
without being mixed with oil. 
GdL'OR, v. t. 1. To change or alter the external appearance 
of a body or substance ; to dye ; to tinge ; to paint ; to 
stain. 2. To give a specious appearance ; to set in a fair 
light ; to palliate ; to excuse. 3. To make plausible ; to 
exaggerate in representation. — To color a stranger's goods, 
is when a freeman allows a foreigner to enter goods at the 
custom-house in his name, to- avoid the alien's duty. 

o6L'OB., v. i. To turn red; to have color come into the 
cheeks, from embarrassment, anger, &c. 

C6L/OR-A-BLE (kullur-a-bl), a. Designed to cover or con- 
ceal ; specious ; plausible ; giving an appearance of right 
or justice. 

C6LOR-A-BLE-NESS, %. Speciousness ; plausibleness. 

G6L'OB,-A-BLY, adv. Speciously ; plausibly ; with a fair 
external appearance. — Bacon. 

G6L'ORATE, a. [L. coloratus.] Colored; dyed; or tinged 
with some color. [Little used.] 

G6L-OR-ATION, n. [L. coloro.] The art or practice of col- 
oring, or the state of being colored. 



C6L'OR.-A-TURE, n. In music, all manner of variations, 

trill?, &c, intended to make a song agreeable. 
C6L/OR-ED (kullurd). pp. or a. 1. Having the external ap- 
pearance changed ; dyed ; tinged ; painted or stained. 2. 
Streaked ; striped ; having a diversity of hues. 3. Having 
a specious appearance. — Colored people, black people, Af- 
ricans or then- descendants, mixed or unmixed. 
G6L-OR-IFIC, a. [color, and L. facio.] That has the qual- 
ity of tinging ; able to give color or tint to other bodies. 
€6L'OR-ING, ppr. 1. Dyeing; staining; tinging. 2. Giving 

a fair external appearance ; palliating ; excusing. 
G6L'OR-ING, n. 1. The act or art of giving a color; the 
state of being colored; color. 2. A specious appearance; 
fair artificial representation. — 3. Among painters, the man 
ner of applying colors, or the mixture of tight and shad^ 
formed by the various colors employed. 
G6L'OR-IST, n. One who colors ; a painter who excels in 

giving the proper colors to his designs. 
C6L'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of color ; not distinguished by 

any hue ; transparent. 
GO-LOS'SAL, I a. Like a colossus; very large; huge 
GOL-OS-Se'AN, 5 gigantic. 

GOL-OS-SE'UM, n. The name given to the largest amphi- 
theatre in the world, that of Vespasian, at Rome. Also 
written Coliseum. 
GO-LOS'SUS, n. [L.] A statue of a gigantic size. The 
most remarkable colossus of antiquity was one at Rhodes. 
GO-LOS'SUS-WlSE, adv. In the manner of a colossus. 
COLT0RT-A6E, n. The system of distributing tracts, &c., 

by colporteurs. 
GOL'PoRT-EUR, \ (kol'port-er), n. [Fr. colporteur.] Liter 
GOL'PoRT-ER, 5 ally, a peddler ; but recently applied to 
persons who travel for the purpose of selling and distrib- 
uting tracts and religious books. 
GOL'STaFF, n. A staff for carrying burdens by two per- 
sons on their shoulders. [Local.') 
GoLT, n. [Sax. colt.] 1. The young of the equine genus of 
animals, or horse kind. — In America, colt is equally applied 
to the male or female. The male is called a horsc-colt, and 
the female is called a filly. 2. A young, foolish fellow; a 
person without experience or stability, 
t GoLT, v. i. To frisk, riot, or frolic, like a colt ; to be licen . 

tious. — Spen ser. 
t GoLT, v. t. To befool— Shak. 

GoLT'S'-FOOT, n. A mucilaginous and bitter herbaceous 
plant, whose leaves were once much employed in modi 
cine. 
GoLT'S'-TOOTH, n. 1. An imperfect or superfluous toot!> 
in young horses. 2. A love of youthful pleasure ; [litde 
used.] 
GoLTER, n. [L. culter.] The fore iron of a plow, with a . 

sharp edge, that cuts the earth or sod. 
G5LTISH, a. Like a colt ; wanton ; frisky ; guy. 
GOL'U-BER n. [L.] In zoology, a genus of serpents, distin- 
guished by having the plates or scales on the under sur- 
face of the tail arranged in pair3. 
GOLTEJ-BRlNE, a. [L. colubrinus.] Relating to the coluber, 

or to serpents ; cunning; crafty. [Little used.] 
GOL1JM-BA-RY, n. [L. columbarium.] A dove-cot ; a pig- 

con-house. 
GO-LUM'BATE, n. A salt, or compound of eolumbic aeid 

with a base. 
GO-LUM'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to the United States, or to 

America, discovered by Columbus. 
GO-LUM'BIG, a. Pertaining to columbium. 
COL-UM-BIPER-OUS, a. Producing or containing colum- 
bium. 
GOLTJM-BlNE, a. Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove ; 

of a dove-color, or like the neck of a dove. 
COL'UM-BINE, n. [L. columbine..] Aquilegia, a genus of 

plants, of several species. 
GO-LUM'BlTE, n. The ore of columbium. 
CO-LUM'BI-UM, n. A metal first discovered in an ore or 

oxyd found at New London, in Connecticut. 
GO-LUM'BO. See Calumba. 

COL-U-MEL'LA, n. 1. In botany, the central column in a 
capsule, taking its rise from the receptacle, and having the 
seeds fixed to it all round ; the axis of the fruit. — 2. In 
cxmchology, the upright pillar in the center of most of the 
univalve shells. — Humble. 
GOLTJMN (koilum), n. [L. columna, columen.] 1. In arclii- 
tecture, a long, round body of wood or stone, used to sup- 
port or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft, and 
a capital. 2. An erect or elevated structure, resembling a 
column in architecture. 3. Any body pressing perpen- 
dicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as its base ; 
as, a column of water. — 4. In the military art, a large body 
of troops drawn up in deep files, with a narrow front 
So, also, a number of ships following each other in order. — 
5. Among printers, a division of a page ; a perpendicular 
set of lines separated from another set by a tine or blank 
space. — 6. In botany, the stamen of a plant, when the fila 
ments are united into a tube aroimd the styles. 



D6V. 



BlJLL, UNITE ;- 
N 



-AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S a? Z ; cH a^ SH , TH as in this. ,t Obsolete 



COM 



194 



COM 



©O-LUM'NAR, a. Formed in columns ; having the form of 
columns ; like the shaft of a column. 

-SOL'UMNM) (kollumd), a. Having columns. 

€0-LuRE', n. [Gr. ko\qvoos.] In astronomy and geography, 
the colures are two great circles| supposed to intersect 
each other at right angles, in the poles of the world, one 
passing through the solstitial and the other through the 
equinoctial points of the ecliptic. 

€OL'ZA, n. A plant resembling cabbage, from which a val- 
uable oil is extracted. 

€OM, in composition, as a prefix, Ir. comh, or coimh, W. cym, 
or cyv, L. com, or cum, denotes with, to, or against. 

€6'MA, n. [Gr. icuua.] Lethargy; dozing; a preternatural 
propensity to sleep. 

Co'MA, n. [L.] 1. In botany, a species of bracte, terminat- 
ing the stem of a plant in a tuft or bush. — 2. In astronomy, 
a dense nebulous covering which surrounds the nucleus 
or body of a comet. 

t Co'MXRT, n. A treaty ; article ; agreement — Shak. 

Co'MaTE, a. [L. comatus.] Hairy ; encompassed with a 
coma, or bushy appearance, like hair. 

Co'MaTE, n. A fellow-mate, or companion. — Skak. 

€o'MA-T53E, ) a. Preternaturally disposed to sleep ; drow- 

■}0'MA-TOUS, J sy ; dozing, without natural sleep ; le- 
thargic. 

■GoMB (kome), n. [Sax.] A valley between hills or mount- 
ains. [Local.] 

GoMB (kome), n. [Sax. camb.] 1. An instrument with 
teeth, for separating, cleansing, and adjusting hair, wool, 
or flax. 2. The crest, caruncle, or red fleshy tuft growing 
on a cock's head. 3. The substance in which bees lodge 
their honey. 4. A dry measure of four bushels ; proper- 
ly, coomb. 

€oMB (kome), v. t. To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and 
adjust with a comb. 

€oMB (kome), v. i. In the language of seamen, to roll over, 
as the top of a wave, and break in foam. 

€oMB'-BiRD, n. A gallinaceous fowl of Africa. 

CoMB'-BRUSH, n. A brush to clean combs. 

GoMB'-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
combs. _ 

CoMB'-MaK-ING, n. The art or business of making combs. 

* ©OM'BAT, v. i. [Fr. combattre.] 1. To struggle or contend 

with an opposing force. 2. To act in opposition. Fol- 
lowed by with before persons, and for before things. 

* GOM'BAT, v. t. 1. To oppose by force. 2. To contend 
against — Syn. To fight ; contend ; contest ; resist ; op- 
pose. 

* GOM'BAT, n. 1. A fighting ; a struggling to resist, over- 

throw, or conquer ; contest by force ; engagement ; bat- 
tle. 2. A duel ; a fighting between two men ; formerly, a 
formal trial of a doubtful cause, or decision of a contro- 
versy between two persons, by swords or batoons. — 
Syn. A battle ; engagement ; conflict ; contest ; encoun- 
ter; rencounter; fight; strife. 
COM-BATA-BLE, a. That may be disputed, or opposed. 



* GOM'BAT ANT, a. Contending ; disposed to contend. 
COM'BAT-ANT, n. 1. A person who combats ; any per- 
son who fights with another, or in an army, or fleet. 2. A 
duelist ; one who fights or contends in battle, for the de- 
cision of a private quarrel or difference ; a champion. 
3. A person who contends with another in argument or 
controversy. 

* COM'BAT-ED, pp. Opposed; resisted.— Locke. 

* €OM'BAT-ER, n. One who fights or contends. 

* GOM'BAT-ING, ppr. Striving" to resist; fighting; oppos- 

ing by force or by argument. 

COM-BATlVE, a. Disposed to combat. 

GOM-BATlVE-NESS, n. Among phrenologists, an organ 
which predisposes a person to fight; disposition to con- 
tend. 

C5MB.ED (k6md), pp. or a. Separated, cleaned, or dressed 
with a comb. 

-GoMB'ER, n. One who combs ; one whose occupation is 
to comb wool, &c. 

I €6M'BER (kunVber), n. Incumbrance. 

COM'BER, n. A long, slender tish, with a red back, found 
in Cornwall, England. 

GOM-BlN'A-'iLE, a. Capable of combining. 

COM-BlN'/ BLE-NESS, n. State of being combinable. 

\ COM'BI-NATE, a. Espoused ; betrothed.— Shak. 

GOM-BI-Na'TION, n. [Fr. combinaison.} 1. Intimate union 
or association of two or more persons or things, to accom- 
plish some object; as, a combination to resist oppression, 
a combination to put down the government. When the 
word stands by itself, it is commonly taken in a bad 
sense ; as, combinations have been formed among the 
people. 2. An assemblage ; union of particulars ; as, a 
combination of circumstances. 3. Commixture ; union of 
bodies or qualities in a mass or compound. 4. Chemical 
union ; union by affinity. — 5. In mathematics, the union of 
numbers or quantities in every possible manner ; or the 



variation or alteration of any number of qiiantities, letters 
sounds, or the like, in all the different manners possible. - 
Combination Room, in the University of Cambridge, Eng 
land, a room into which the fellows withdraw after din 
ner, for wine, dessert, and conversation. — Syn. Alliance 
unionj confederacy ; coalition ; conspiracy ; cabal. 
GOM-BlNE', v. t. [Fr. combiner.] 1. To unite or join two or 
more things ; to link closely together. 2. To agree ; V 
accord ; to settle by compact ; [?iot usual] 3. To join 
words or ideas together ; opposed to analyze. 4. To caus? 
to unite ; to bring into union or confederacy. 
€OM-BlNE', v. i. 1. To unite, agree, or coalesce. 2. To 
unite in friendship or design ; to league together. 3. To 
unite by affinity or natural attraction. 4. To confederate , 
to unite, as nations. 
GOM-BiN'ED (kom-bmd'), pp. or a. United closely; asso 

ciated ; leagued ; confederated ; chemically united. 
COM-BlN'ER, n. The person or thing that combines. 
CoMB'ING, ppr. Separating and adjusting hair, wool, &c 
CoMB'ING, n. Borrowed hah* combed over a bald part of 

the head. [Local.] 
COM-BIN'ING, ppr. or a. Uniting closely ; joining in pur 

pose ; confederating ; uniting by chemical affinity. 
CoMB'LESS (komeless), a. Without a comb or crest. 
GOM-BUST", a. [L. combustus.] When a planet is in con- 
junction with the sun, or apparently very near it, it is said 
to be combust, or in combustion. [An old mathematical 
term, now disused.] 
COM-BUSTl-BLE, a. [Fr. combustible.] That will take fire 

and burn ; capable of catching fire. 
€OM-BUST'I-BLE, n. A substance that will take fire and 

burn. 
COM-BUSTI-BLE-NESS, ) n. The quality or capability of 
COM-BUST-I-BIL'I-TY, J taking fire and burning. 
COM-BUSTION (kom-bustyun), n. [Low L. combustio.] 1. 
The operation of fire on inflammable substances. 2. A 
burning ; the process or action of fire in consuming a body, 
attended with heat, or heat and flame. 3. Conflagration ; 
a great fire. 4. Tumult ; violent agitation, with hurry and 
noise ; confusion ; uproar. — Milton. 
tGOM-BUST'iVE, a. Disposed to take fire.— Bp. Gauden. 
€6ME (kum), v. i. ; pret came, part. come. [Sax. cuman.] 1 
To move toward; to advance nearer, from any distance; 
as, the wind comes from the west. 2. To d' - aw nigh; to 
approach ; to arrive ; to be present ; as, the men have 
come. 3. To advance and arrive at some state or condi- 
tion ; as, the ships came to action. 4. To happen or fall 
out; as, how comes that? 5. To advance or move into 
view; to appear; as, the color comes and goes. 6. To 
sprout, as plants ; to spring. 7. To become. 8. To ap- 
pear or be formed, as butter. 9. Come, in the imperative, 
is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint 
action ; come, let us go. 
To come about, to happen ; to fall out ; to come to pass ; to 
arrive. — To come about, to turn ; to change ; to com* 
round. — To come again, to return. — To come after, to fol 
low. Also, to come to obtain. — To come at, to reach ; to 
arrive within reach of; to gain ; to come so near as to bf 
able to take or possess. — To come away, to depart from 
to leave ; to issue from. — To come back, to return. — To 
come by, to pass near. Also, to obtain ; gain ; acquire 
Dryden. — To come down, to descend. Also, to be humbled 
or abased. — To come for, to come to get or obtain ; to come 
after. — To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Also, to 
depart from ; to leave. Also, to come abroad. — To conu 
from, to depart from ; to leave. — To come in, to enter ; as 
into an inclosure ; to comply; to yield; to arrive at a 
port, or place of rendezvous ; to become fashionable ; to 
be brought into use ; to enter as an ingredient or part of a 
composition; to grow and produce; to come to maturity 
and yield. — To come in for, to arrive in time to take a 
share. — To come into, to join with ; to bring help; to agree 
to ; to comply with. — To come near, to approach.— To come 
nigh is used in like senses. — To come no near, in seaman- 
ship, is an order to the helmsman not to steer so close to 
.the wind. — To come of to issue from ; to proceed from 
as a descendant. — To come off, to depart from ; to remove 
from on. — Bacon. To escape ; to get free. — To come off 
from, to leave ; to quit. Also, to take place ; as, the meet 
ing came off at such a time.— To come on, to advance; to 
proceed ; to fall on ; to happen to. — To come over, to pass 
above or across, or from one side to another ; to pass 
from one party, side, or army, to another; to change 
sides. — To come out, to depart or proceed from ; to become 
public ; to escape from concealment or privacy ; to be dis 
covered. Also, to appear after being clouded ; as, the sun 
has come out. — To come out of, to issue forth, as from con 
finement, or a close place ; to proceed or depart from. — 
To come out with, to give publicity to ; to disclose. — To 
come short, to fail; not to accomplish. — To come to, to con- 
sent or yield ; to amount to ; to recover, as from a swoon, 
— To come together, to meet or assemble. — To come to pass, 
to be ; to happen ; to fall out ; to be effected. — To come up, 



" See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



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195 



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to ascend ; to rise ; to spring ; to come into use. — To come 
up the capstern, in seamanship, is to turn it the contrary 
way, so as to slacken the rope about it. — To come up the 
tackle fall, is to slacken it gently. — To come up to, to ap- 
proach near; to amount to; to advance to ; to rise to. — 
To come up with, to overtake. — To come upon, to fall on ; 
to attack or invade. — To come, in futurity ; to happen here- 
after. — Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses haste, 
or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces a 
threat 
€6ME, n. A sprout. — Mortimer. 

C6MEj-OFF, n. Means of escape ; evasion ; excuse. 

eO-ME'DI-AN, n, 1. An actor or player in comedy; or a 
player in general, male or female. 2. A writer of comedy. 

€OM'E-DY, n. [L. comcedia.] A dramatic representation of 
the lighter passions and actions of mankind. The termi- 
nation is happy, and the piece is designed, moreover, to 
promote mirth. — Brande. 

COME'LI-LY (kum/le-ly), adv. In a suitable or decent man- 
ner. — Sherwood. [Little used.] 

eOME'LI-NESS (kumle-nes), n. That which is becoming, 
fit, or suitable, in form or manner. 

€"jME'LY (kumly), a. 1. Properly, becoming ; suitable ; 
whence, handsome ; graceful. 2. Decent ; suitable ; prop- 
er; agreeable; becoming; suited to time, place, circum- 
stances, or persons. 

€6ME'LY (kumly), adv. Handsomely ; gracefully. 

€<iM'ER (kum'er), n. One who comes ; one who approach- 
es ; one who has arrived, and is present 

COM-ES-SITION, n. [L. comessatio.] Feasting or reveling. 

t €0-MESTI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Eatable.— Wotton. 

€OM'ET, n. [L. cometa.] A body composed either wholly 
or in part of nebulous matter, revolving round the sun in 
a very eccentric orbit, and approaching very near, or re- 
ceding very far from the sun, at its perihelion and its 
aphelion. A comet, when perfectly formed, consists of 
three parts, the nucleus, the envelope or coma, and the tail ; 
but one or more of these three parts is frequently wanting. 
— D. Olmsted. 

€OM'ET, n. A game at cards. — Southerne. 

€OM-ET-a'RI-UM, n. An astronomical instrument intended 
to represent the revolution of a comet round the sun. 

eOM'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a comet. — Cheyne. 

€0-MET'I€, a. Relating to a comet 

€OM'ET-LlKE, a. Resembling a comet— Shak. 

OOM-ET-OG'RA-PHY, n. [comet, and Gr. ypa^w.] A de- 
scription or treatise of comets. 

€6M'FIT, \n. [D. konfyt ; Fr. confit, confiture.] A dry 

€6M'FIT-URE, } sweet-meat ; any kind of fruit or root 
preserved with sugar and dried. 

€OM'FIT, v. t. To preserve dry with sugar. 

€OM'FIT-MaK-ER, n. One who makes or prepares com- 
fits. 

€6M'FORT (kum'furt), v. t. [Low L. comforto.] 1. To 
strengthen ; especially, to strengthen the mind when de- 
pressed or enfeebled ; to give new vigor to the spirits ; to 
relieve from depression or trouble. — 2. In law, to relieve, 
assist, or encourage, as the accessory to a crime after the 
fact — Syn. To cheer ; solace ; console ; revive ; encour- 
age ; enliven ; invigorate ; inspirit ; gladden ; recreate ; ex- 
hilarate ; refresh ; animate ; confirm ; strengthen. 

€6M'FORT, n. 1. Relief from pain ; ease ; rest or moder- 
ate pleasure after pain, cold, or distress, or uneasiness of 
body. 2. Relief from distress of mind; the ease and quiet 
which is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation, or 
affliction ceases ; consolation. 3. Support ; consolation 
under calamity, distress, or danger. 4. That which gives 
strength or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or in- 
firmity. — 5. In law, support ; assistance ; countenance ; en- 
couragement. 6. That which gives security from want, 
and furnishes moderate enjoyment 

€6M'FORT-A-BLE (kum'furt-a-bl), a. 1. Being in a state of 
ease, or moderate enjoyment ; as, a person after sickness 
or pain. [This is the most common tise of the word in the 
United States.] 2. Admitting comfort ; that may afford 
comfort. 3. Giving comfort ; affording consolation ; as, 
"be comfortable to my mother." — Shah. ; [obs.] 4. Placing 
above want and affording moderate enjoyment ; as, a 
comfortable support for life. 

€6M'F0RT-A-BLE, n. A warm coverlet for a bed, contain- 
ing down or cotton quilted. [America.] 

COM'FORT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of enjoying com- 
fort 

COM'FORT-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to give comfort or 
consolation. 2. With comfort, or cheerfulness ; without 
despair. 

G6M FORT-ED, pp. Strengthened; consoled ; encouraged. 

€£>M'FORT-ER, n. 1. One who administers comfort or 
consolation ; one who strengthens and supports the mind 
in distress or danger. 2. The title of the Holy Spirit, 
whose office it is to comfort and support the Christian. 
3. A long knit woolen tippet. 
C6MFORT-FUL, a. Full of comfort 



€6M'FORT-ING, ppr. or a. Giving strength or sphits ; gr? 
ing ease ; cheering ; encouraging ; consoling. 

C6MTORT-LESS, a. Without comfort— Syn. Forlorn 
desolate ; inconsolable ; wretched ; miserable. 

€6M'FORT-LESS-LY, adv. Without comfort. 

CoM'FORT-LESS-NESS, n. State of being comfortless, 

€6M'FORT-RESS, n. A female that affords comfort. 

€6M'FREY ) (kum'fry), n. A wild plant, the Symphytum, 

€6M'FRY 5 whose root is used in medicine. 

COM-IC, a. [L. comicus.] 1. Relating to comedy, as distinct 
from tragedy. 2. Raising mirth; fitted to excite merri- 
ment. 

€OM'I€-AL, a. 1. Relating to comedy; cojuic. 2. Ex- 
citing mirth. — Syn. Droll; diverting; sportive; ludicrous; 
laughable ; ridiculous. 

COMTC-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner befitting comedy. 2. 
In a comical manner ; in a manner to raise mirth. 

€OM'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being comical; the 
power or quality of raising mirth. 

€6M'ING (kum'ing), ppr. 1. Drawing nearer, or nigh ; ap- 
proaching; moving toward; advancing. 2. a. Future; 
yet to come ; as, in coming ages. 3. Forward ; ready to 
come. — Pope ; [improper.] 

C6M1NG, n. 1. The act of coming; approach. 2. The 
state of being come; arrival. 

€6M'ING-IN, n. 1. Entrance. 2. Beginning; commence- 
ment 3. Income ; revenue j [not now used.] 4. Com- 
pliance ; submission ; [not in use.] 

CO-MIN"GLE. See Commingle. 

■60-MFTI-A (ko-mish'e-a), n. pi. [L.] In ancient Rome, a 
term applied to the assemblies of the people. 

CO-Ml"TIAL (ko-mish'al), a. [L. comitia.] 1. Relating to 
the comitia, or popular assemblies of the Romans, for elect- 
ing officers and passing laws. 2. Relating to an order of 
Presbyterian assemblies. 

€OM'I-TY, n. [L. comitas.] Mildness and suavity of man- 
ners ; courtesy of intercourse between individuals or com- 
munities. — Syn. Civility ; good breeding ; courtesy. 

COM'MA, n. [Gr. KOfxfxa.] I. In writing and printing, this 
point [ , ], denoting the shortest pause in reading. — 2. In 
music, a name applied to the interval between the major 
and the minor tone ; also to some other small intervals. 
3. Distinction. 

COM-MaND', v. t. [Fr. commander ; con, or com, and L. 
mando.] 1. To issue an injunction; implying authority, 
and power to control, and to require obedience. 2. To 
exercise supreme authority over ; as, to command an 
army. 3. To have in power ; to be able to exercise 
power or authority over ; as, the fort commands the har- 
bor. 4. To overlook, or have in the power of the eye, 
without obstruction ; as, the hill commands a prospect of 
the whole country. 5. To direct ; to send. 6. To have 
or to exercise a controlling influence over; as, he com- 
mands the respect of all. — Syn. To bid; order; direct; 
charge ; govern ; overlook. 

€OM-MaND', v. i. To have or to exercise supreme authori- 
ty ; to possess the chief power ; to govern. 

COM-MaND', n. 1. The right or power of governing with 
chief or exclusive authority; supreme power. 2. The 
power of controlling ; governing influence. 3. Cogent or 
absolute authority. 4. The act of commanding ; the man- 
date uttered ; order given. 5. The power of overlooking, 
or surveying, without obstruction. 6. The power of gov- 
erning or controlling by force, or of defending and protect- 
ing. 7. A body of troops, or any naval or military force, 
under the command of a particular officer. 8. An order 
or message ; as, " Have you any commands for your friends 
when I see them ?" — Syn. Control ; sway ; power ; authori- 
ty ; mandate ; order ; injunction ; charge ; direction ; be- 
hest. 

€OM-MaND'A-BLE, a. That may be commanded. 

COM-MAN-D1NT, n. [Fr.] A commander ; a commanding 
officer of a place or of a body of forces. 

COM-MaND'A-TO-RY, a. Having the force of a command. 

€OM-MaND'ED, pp. Ordered ; directed ; governed ; con- 
trolled. 

€OM-MaND'ER, n. 1. A chief; one who has supreme au- 
thority ; a leader ; the chief officer of an army, or of any 
division of it — 2. In the navy, an officer between a lieuten- 
ant and captain. 3. One on whom was bestowed a com- 
mandry. 4. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet used in 
paving, &c. 5. An instrument of surgery. 

COM-MAND'ER-Y, ? n. [Fr. commanderie.] A district con- 

€OM-MaND'RY, > taining estates with a revenue an- 
nexed, belonging to a military order, and governed by a 
knight. 

COM-MANDTNG.^pr. or a. 1. Bidding; ordering; directing 
with authority ; governing ; bearing rule ; exercising su- 
preme authority ; having in power ; overlooking without 
obstruction. 2. a. Controlling by influence, authority, ot 
dignity. — Syn. Authoritative ; imperative ; imperious. 

€OM-MaND'ING-LY, adv. In a commanding manner. 

COM-MaND'MENT, n. 1. A command ; a mandate ; an cr- 



DOVE ;— By LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— -G asK; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ' t Obsolete. 



COM 



196 



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der or injunction given by authority ; charge ; precept. — 
2. By way of eminence, a precept of the decalogue, or moral 
law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai. 3. Au- 
thority ; coercive power. 

GOM-MAND'RESS, n. A woman invested with supreme 
authority. 

GOM'MaRK, n. [Fr. comarque.] The frontier of a country. 

GOM-MA-Te'RI-AL, a. Consisting of the same matter with 
another thing. — Bacon. 

COM-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same mat- 
ter. 

GOM-MATTG, a. Having short clauses or sentences; con- 
cise. 

COM'MA-TISM, n. Briefness ; conciseness in writing. — Bp. 
Horsley. 

GOM-MeAS'GR-A-BLE (kom-mezh'ur-a-bl), a. Having a 
common measure. But commensurable is generally used. 

■60MME IL FA UT (kom il fo). [Fr.] As it should be. 

COM-MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. Memorable; worthy to be re- 
membered, or noticed with honor. See Memorable. 

GOM-MEM'O-RaTE, v. t. [L. commenwro.] To call to re- 
membrance by a solemn act ; to celebrate with honor and 
solemnity. 

COM-MEM'O-Ra-TED, pp. Called to remembrance by some 
act of solemnity. 

GOM-MEM'O-Ra-TLNG, ppr. Celebrating with honor by 
some solemn act. 

GOM-MEM-O-RI'TION, n. The act of calling to remem- 
brance by some solemnity ; the act of honoring the 
memory of some person or event by solemn celebration. — 
Commemoration Day, at the University of Oxford, England, 
is an annual solemnity in honor of the benefactors of the 
university, when orations are delivered, and prize com- 
positions are read, in the theatre. It is the great day of 
festivity for the year. — Huber. 

GOM-MEM'O-RA-Tl VE, a. Tending to preserve the remem- 
brance of something. 

COM-MEM'O-RA-TO-RY, a. Serving to preserve the mem- 
ory of. 

€OM-MENCE' (kom-mens'), v. i. [Fr. commencer.] 1. To be- 
gin to take rise or origin ; to have first existence. 2. To 
begin to be, as in a change of character. 3. To take a 
degree, or the first degree in a university or college. 

€OM-MENCE', v. t. 1. To begin; to enter upon; to per- 
form the first act. 2. To begin ; to originate ; to bring. 

COM-MENCED' (kom-menst'), pp. Begun ; originated. 

COM-MENCE'MENT, n, 1. Beginning; rise; origin; first 
existence. 2. The time when students in colleges com- 
mence bachelors ; a day in which degrees are publicly con- 
ferred in the English and American colleges and universi- 
ties. 

€OM-MENC'ING,fp?\ Beginning; entering on; originating. 

GOM-MEND', v. t. [L.commendo.] 1. To represent as worthy 
of notice, regard, or kindness ; to speak in favor of; to 
recommend. 2. To commit ; to intrust or give in charge ; 
as. I commend him to your care. 3. To praise ; to mention 
with approbation. 4. To make acceptable or more ac- 
ceptable. 5. To produce or present to favorable notice. 
6. To send or bear to. Dryden. — Syn. To applaud ; rec- 
ommend; praise; extol; laud. 

f GOM-MEND', n. Commendation.— Shak. 

*COM-MEND'A-BLE, a. [formerly accented improperly on 
the first syllable.] That may be commended or praised ; 
worthy of approbation or praise ; laudable. 

* COM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being commendable. 

* GOM-MEND' A-BLY, adv. Laudably ; in a praise-worthy 
manner. 

GOM-MEND'AM, n. [L.] In ecclesiastical law, in England a 
benefice or living commended, by the king or head of the 
Church, to the care of a clergyman, to hold till a proper 
pastor is provided. — Blackslone. 

GOM-MENDA-TA-RY, n. [Fr. commendataire.] One who 
holds a living in commendam. 

GOM-MEND-aTION, n. [L. commcndatio.] 1. The act of 
commending ; praise ; favorable representation in words ; 
declaration of esteem. 2. Ground of esteem ; approbation 
or praise ; that which presents a person or thing to an- 
other in a favorable light, and renders worthy of regard, 
or acceptance ; as, good-nature is the best commendation 
of a man. 3. Service ; respects ; message of love. 

GOM-MEND'A-TOR, n. He who holds a benefice in com- 
mendam. 

€OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. 1. Which serves to commend ; 
presenting to favorable notice or reception; containing 
praise. 2. Holding a benefice in commendam. 

GOM-MENDA-TO-RY, n. A commendation ; eulogy. 

GOM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised; represented favorably ; com- 
mitted in charge. 

€OM-MEND'ER, n. One who commends or praises. 

GOM-MEND'ING, ppr. Praising ; representing favorably ; 
committing, or delivering in charge. 

fCOM-MENS'AL, n. [L. con and mensa.] One who eats at 
the same table. — Chaucer. 



GOM-MEN-SAL'I-TY, n. [Sp. commensalia.] Fellowship at 
table ; the act or practice of eating at the same table.- 
Brown. — Gillies. [Little used.] 

t GOM-MEN-Sa'TION, ?i. Eating at the same table. 

GOM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, \n. [Fr. commensurabiliUA 

GOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE-NESS, > The capacity of bein° 
compared with another in measure, or of being measured 
by another, or of having a common measure. 

GOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That have a common 
measure ; that may be measured by the same number or 
quantity. 

GOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLY, adv. In a commensurable manner 

GOM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. [It. commensurare.] 1. Having ? 
common measure. 2. Equal ; proportional ; having equaJ 
measure or extent. 

GOM-MEN'SU-RITE, v. t. To reduce to a common meas 
ure. 

GOM-MEN'SU-Ra-TED, pp. Reduced to a common meas 
ure. 

GOM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. With the capacity oi 
measuring or being measured by some other thing. £ 
With equal measure or extent. 

GOM-MEN-SU-Ra'TION, n. Proportion, or proportion in 
measure ; a state of having a common measure. 

GOM-MEN'SU-Ra-TING, ppr. Reducing to a common meas- 
ure. 

GOM-MEN'SU-RATE-NESS, n. Quality of being commen- 
surate. — Foster. 

*GOM'MENT, v. i. [L. commentor.] 1. To write notes on 
the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his mean- 
ing ; to explain ; to expound ; to annotate. 2. To make 
remarks, observations, or criticisms ; as, he commented 
very severely on this proceeding. 

* GOM'MENT, v. t. 1. To explain. 2. To feign ; to devise ; 
[obs.] 

GOM'MENT, n. A note intended to illustrate a writing or 
a difficult passage in an author ; annotation ; explanation ; 
exposition. 2. That which explains or illustrates. 3 
Remark ; observation ; criticism ; stricture. 

GOM'MENT-A-RY, n. 1. A comment ; exposition ; explana- 
tion ; illustration of difficult and obscure passages in an 
author. 2. A book of comments or annotations. 3. A 
historical narrative ; a memoir of particular transactions ; 
as. the commentaries of Cesar. 

GOM'MENT-A-RY, v. t. To write notes upon. [Rare.] 

GOM'MEN-TaTE, v. i. To make comments ; to annotate , 
to write notes upon. — Pursuits of Lit. 

GOM'MENT-a-TOR, n. One who comments ; one who 
writes annotations ; an expositor ; an annotator. 

GOM-MENT-a'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a commentator. 

COM'MENT-ER, n. 1. One who writes comments ; an an- 
notator. 2. One who makes remarks. 

GOM'MENT-ING, ppr. Making notes or comments on some- 
thing said or written. 

GOM-MEN-TI"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. [L. commentitius.] In- 
vented ; feigned ; imaginary. 

GOM'MERCE, n. [Fr. commerce.] 1. In a general sense, an 
interchange or mutual change of goods, wares, produc- 
tions, or property of any kind, between nations or indi- 
viduals, either by barter, or by purchase and sale. 2. In- 
tercourse between individuals ; as, the commerce of the 
world. 3. Familiar intercourse between the sexes. 4. 
Reciprocal communications ; as, the commerce of ideas.- 
Syn. Trade ; traffic ; dealing ; intercourse ; interchange , 
communion ; communication. 

GOM-MERCE', v. i. 1. To traffic ; to carry on trade. 2. To 
hold intercourse with. 

t GOM-MER'CER n. One who traffics or holds intercourse 
with another. 

GOM-MER'CIAL (kom-mer'shal), a. 1. Pertaining to com- 
merce or trade. 2. Carrying on commerce. 3. Proceed- 
ing from trade. 

GOM-MER'CIAL-LY, adv. In a commercial view. 

GOM-MER'CING, ppr. Holding intercourse with; " ir.d 
looks commercing with the skies." — Milton. 

GOM'MERE (-mare), n. [Fr. mere.] A common mother. 

GOM-MET'IG, a. Giving a gloss or beauty. 

GOM'MI-GRaTE, v. i. [L. commigro.] To migrate together; 
to move in a body from one country or place to another 
for permanent residence. [Little used.] 

GOM-MI-GRa'TION, n. The moving of a body of people 
from one country or place to another with a view to per- 
manent residence. 

GOM-MI-Na'TION, n. [L. comminatio.] 1. A threat or 
threatening ; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance. 
2. The recital of God's threatenings on stated days ; an 
office in the liturgy of the Church of England. 

GOM-MIN'A-TO-RY, a. Threatening; denouncing punish- 
ment. 

GOM-MIN"GLE, v. t. To mix together ; to mingle in one 
mass, or intimately ; to blend. 

GOM-MIN'GLE, v. i. To mix or unite together, as different 
substances. — Bacon. 



Is. I, E, I, &c, long.—L, E, I, &c„ short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOPK 



i Sunvpsi 



COM 



197 



COM 



GOM-MIN 'GL ED, pp. Mingled together. 
COM-MIVGLLNG, ppr. or a. Mingling together. 
\ €OM-ML\"U-aTE, v. t. To grind. 
GOM-MLS'U-I-BLE, a. Reducible to powder. 
COM'Ml-NuTE, v. t. [L. comminuo.] To make small or fine ; 
to reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder ; to pul- 
verize ; to triturate ; to levigate. 
GOxM MIXu-TED, pp. or a. Reduced to fine particles ; pul- 
verized; triturated. 
GOM'MI-Nu-TING, ppr. Reducing to fine particles ; pul- 
verizing ;_ levigating. 
GOM-MI-Nu'TION, n. 1. The act of reducing to a fine pow- 
der or to small particles ; pulverization. 2. Attenuation. 
GOM-MISER-A-BLE, a. Deserving of commiseration or 
pity ; pitiable ; that may excite "sympathy or sorrow. 
[Little used.]_ 
COM -MIS'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. commiseror.] To feel sorrow, 
pain, or regret for another in distress ; to be sorry for. — 
Syjs*. To pity ; compassionate ; feel for ; lament ; condole. 
COM-MIS'ER-I-TED, pp. Pitied. 

COM-MIS'ER-a-TING, ppr. Pitying j compassionating ; feel- 
ing sorrow for. 
GOM-MIS-ER-l'TION, n. A sympathetic suffering of pain 
or sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or distresses~of anoth- 
er. — Syn. Pity ; compassion ; sympathy ; fellow-feeling ; 
tenderness ; concern. 
GOM-MISER-A-TIVE, a. Compassionate. 
COM-MIS'ER-A-TlYE-LY, adv. From compassion. 
GOM-MISER-i-TOR n. One who pities. 
GOM-MIS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a commissary. Smol- 
lett uses commissorial ; but this is not authorized. 
€OM-MIS-SX'RI-AT, n. [Sp. comisariato.] The office or 
employment of a commissary ; or the whole body of offi- 
cers in the commissary's department. 
GOMMIS-SA-RY, n. [Fr. commissaire.] 1. A commission- 
er ; one to whom is committed some charge, duty, or of- 
fice. — i In ecclesiastical law. an officer of the bishop, who 
exercises spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese. — 
3. In a military sense, an officer who has the charge of 
furnishing provisions, clothing, &c, for an army. 4. An 
officer (commissary of musters) who musters the army, 
receives and inspects the muster-rolls, and keeps an ac- 
count of the strength of the army. 
GOMMIS-SA-RY-<iEXER-AL, n. The head of the com- 
missary department. 
COM MI3-SA-RY-SHIP, n. The office of a commissary. 
GGM-MIS'SION (kom-mish'un), n. [Ft. commission.] 1. The 
act of committing, doing, performing, or perpetrating. 2. 
The act of committing or sending to ; the act of intrusting, 
as a charge or duty. 3. A writing from proper authority, 
given to a person as his warrant for exercising certain 
powers, or the performance of any duty. 4. The thing 
committed, or power and authority given. By a metony- 
my, a number of persons joined in an office or trust. — 5. 
In commerce, the state of acting under authority in the 
purchase and sale of goods for another. 6. The allow- 
ance made to a factor or commission-merchant for trans- 
acting business. — 7. To put a ship into commission, is to 
send it forth on public service after it has been laid up. — 
8. To put the great seal in'o commission, is to place it in the 
hands of commissioners during the period that intervenes 
between the going out of one "lord keeper and the acces- 
sion of another. — Syn. Charge ; warrant ; authority ; man- 
date ; office. 
GOM-MIS'SION, v. t. 1. To give a commission to. 2. To 
send with a mandate or authority.— [Note. Commission- 
ate, in a like sense, has been used but rarely.] — Syn. To 
appoint ; depute ; authorize ; empower. 
COM-MIS'SIOX-MER'CHAIST, n. A merchant who trans- 
acts btisiness as the agent of other men, in buving and 
selling. 
COM-MIS'£10\ T -AL, \a. Appointed by warrant. [Little 
€OM-MIS'SION-A-RY, j used.] 
COM-MIS'SIONjED (kom-mish'und), pp. or a. Furnished 

with a commission ; empowered ; authorized. 
COM-MIS'SION-ER., n. A person who has a commission 
or warrant from proper authority to perform some of- 
fice, or execute some business. 
GOMMIS'SION-ING, ppr. Giving a commission to; fur- 
nishing with a warrant; empowering; authorizing. 
• €OM'MIS-SUR.E, n. [L. commissura.] 1. A joint seam, or 
closure ; the place where two bodies or parts of a body 
meet and unite ; an interstice or cleft between particles 
or parts, as between plates or lamella. — 2. In architecture, 
the joint \ etween two stones, or application of the sur- 
face of one to that of another. — 3. In anatomy, a suture of 
the cranium or skull ; articulation ; vie corners of the 
hps. Also, certain parts in the ventricles of the brain, 
uniting the two hemispheres. 
COM-MlT\ v.t. [L. committo.] 1. To give in trust; to put 
nto the hands or power of another; to intrust; with to. 
2. To put into any place for preservation ; to deposit 3. 
To put or send to, for confinement 4. To do ; to effect 



or perpetrate. 5. To join or put together for a contest; to 
match ; followed by with, a Latinism, 6. To expose or 
endanger by a preliminary step or decision which can not 
be recalled ; as, to commit the honor of the sovereign. — 
Junius. 7. To engage ; to pledge ; or to pledge by impli- 
cation ; a3, to commit the faith of the country. — Marshall. 
8. To refer or intrust to a committee, or select number oi 
persons., for their consideration and report : a term of leg- 
islation. — To commit fully, is to commit to prison for trial, 
in distinction from a temporary commitment while under 
examination. 
t COM-MIT, v. i. To be guilty of incontinency.— . Shalt. 
COM-MITMENT, n. 1. The act of committing; a sending 
to prison; a putting into prison; imprisonment 2. A a 
order for confining in prison. But more generally we use 
mittimus. 3. The "act of referring or intrusting to a com- 
mittee for consideration : a term in legislation. 4. The 
act of delivering in charge, or intrusting. 5. A doing, or 
perpetration, as of sin or a crime ; commission. ti. The 
act of pledging or engaging; or the act of exposing or en- 
dangering. — Hamilton. 
COM-MITTAL, n. LA pledge, actual or implied. 2. The act 
of committing, or state of being committed to custody. — 
Lord Eldon. " 
COM-MIT TED, pp. Delivered in trust; given in charge ; 
deposited; imprisoned; done; perpetrated; engaged; ex- 
posed; leferred to a committee. — Fully committed, com- 
mitted to prison for trial. See Commit. 
€OM-MIT'TEE, n. One or more persons, elected or ap- 
pointed, to whom any matter or business is referred, ei- 
ther by a legislative body or either branch of it or by a 
court, or by" any corporation, or by any society, or col- 
lective body of men acting together. 
COM-MIT'TEE-SHIP, n. The office and profit of coiamit- 

tees. 
COM-MITTER, n. One who commits ; one who does or 

perpetrates. 
€OM-MITTI-BLE,a. That may be committed. [Little used.] 
€OM-MITTING,£pr. Giving in trust; depositing; impris- 
oning ; perpetrating ; engaging ; referring to a committee ; 
exposing. 
COM-M1X', v. t. [L. commisceo.] To mix or mingle ; to 

blend ; to mix, as different substances. 
COM-MIX, v. i. To mix ; to mingle.— Shale. 
€OM-MIX'£D (kom-mLxtO, pp. Mixed; blended. 
COM-MIX'ING, ppr. Mixing; blending. 
COM-MIX'TION (kom-mix'chun), n. "Mixture ; a blending 

of different ingredients in one mass or compound. 
COM-MIXT'URE (kom-mixt'yur), n. 1. The act of mixing; 
the state of being mingled : the blending of ingredients in 
one mass or compound. 2. The mass formed by mingling 
different things ; composition ; compound. — 3. In Scots 
law, a method of acquiring property by blending different 
substances belonging to different proprietors. 
COM-MoDE'. n. [Fr. ; L. commodus. J Literally, a convenient 
article. Hence, 1. A kind of head-dress formerly worn 
by ladies. 2. A chest of drawers, often with shelves" above, 
and other conveniences. 
COM-MoTJl-OUS, a. [Fr. commode.] Adapted to its use uj 
purpose, or to afford ease and convenience. — Syx. Con- 
venient; suitable: fit; proper; useful; comfortable. 
€OM-Mo DI-OUS-LY. adv. Conveniently; in a commodi- 
ous manner; suitably; in a manner to afford ease, or to 
prevent uneasiness. 
■GQM-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Convenience ; fitness ; suita- 
bleness for its purpose. 
€OM-MOD'I-TY, n. [L. commoditas.] 1. Primarily, conven 
ience ; advantage. [In this sense nearly obsolete.] Hence, 
2. That which affords convenience or advantage ; partic- 
ularly every article of commerce, including every thing 
movable that is bought and sold, goods, wares, merchan- 
dise, produce of land and manufactures. — Staple commod- 
ities are those which are the produce or manufacture of a 
country, and constitute the principal articles of exporta- 
tion. 
€OM'MO-D5RE, n. [It comandatore.] 1. The officer who 
commands a squadron or detachment of ships. 2. A title 
given by courtesy to the senior captain when two or more 
ships of war are cruising in company. 3. The convoy or 
leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen, which carries a 
light in her top to conduct the other ships. 
€0Si-M0D-hEJ-La'TI0N, n. [L. con and modulatio.] Meas- 
ure : agreement. [Little used.] 
f COM'MOIGNE, n. [Fr.] A monk of the same convent. 
COM'MON, a. [L. communis ; Fr. commun.] 1. Belonging 
equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely. 2."Be- 
longing to the public ; having no separate owner. 3. Gen- 
eral; serving for the use of all; as, the book of common 
prayer. 4. Universal; belonging to all; as, our common. 
country. 5. Public; general; frequent. 6. Usual: ordi 
nary. 7. Of no rank or superior excellence ; ordinary 
Applied to men, it signifies, lot noble. 8. Prostitute ; lewd. 
— 9. In grammar, such verbs as signify both action and 



DrtVE ;— BULL, UHITE ;— AX'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. 



CUM 



198 



COM 



passion, are called common ; also, such nouns as are both 
masculine and feminine, aspai-ens. — 10. Common divisor or 
measure, in mathematics, a quantity which divides two or 
more quantities without leaving a remainder. 

Jommon law, in Great Britain and the United States, the un- 
written law, the law that receives its binding force from 
immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinction 
from the written or statute law. — Common Pleas, in Great 
Britain, one of the king's courts, now held in Westminster 
Hall. In some of the American slates, a court of common 
pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdiction is limited to 
a county, and it is sometimes called a county court. — Com- 
mon Prayer, the liturgy of the Church of England, which 
all the clergy of the church are enjoined to use. — Common 
time, in music, a term applied to those varieties of time in 
which each measure is divided into two or four equal 
parts. — Syn. General; public; popular; national: univer- 
sal; frequent; ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; ha- 
bitual ; vulgar ; mean ; trite ; stale ; threadbare ; common- 
place. 

GOM'MON, n. 1. A tract of ground, the use of which is not 
appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public, 
or to a number. — In law, an open ground, or that soil the 
use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town 
or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors. — 
In common, a phrase applied to conjoint possession, as ten- 
ants in common. 

€OM'MON, v. i. 1. To have a joint right with others in 
common ground. 2. To board together ; to eat at a table 
in common. 

COM'MON, adv. Commonly. 

COM'MON-€AR'RI-ER, n. One who undertakes for hire 
to transport goods from place to place, and who thus be- 
comes responsible for their safe delivery, unless prevent- 
ed by the act of God, of foreign enemies, or of the owner 
of fie goods himself. — Bouvicr. 

COM'MON-COUN'CIL, n. The council of a city or corpo- 
rate town, empowered to make by-laws for the govern- 
ment of the citizens. 

GOM'MON-€OUN'CIL-MAN, n. A member of a common- 
council. 

€OM'MON-€Rl'ER, n. A crier whose occupation is to give 
notice of lost things. 

COM'MON-HALL, v. A hall or house in which citizens 
meet for business. 

€OM'MON-LAW. See Common. 

GOM'MON-LAWYER n. One versed in common law. 

t'OM'MON-LOOK'ING, a. Having a common appearance. 

GOM'MON-PLE AS, n. pi. See Common. 

GOM'MON-SENSE, n. Sound, practical judgment ; the in- 
stantaneous decision of unperverted reason. 

SOM'MON-A-BLE, a. 1. Held in common. 2. That maybe 
pastured on common land. — Burke. 

€OM'MON-AgE, n. The right of pasturing on a common ; 
the joint right of using any thing in common with others. 

GOM'MON-AL-TY, n. 1. The common people. In Great 
Britain, all classes and conditions of people who are be- 
low the rank of nobility. 2. The bulk of mankind. 

€OM'MON-ER, n. 1. One of the lower rank, or common 
people ; one under the degree of nobility. 2. A member 
ef the House of Commons. 3. One who has a joint right 
in common ground. 4. A student of the second rank in 
the University of Oxford, England (corresponding to the 
pensioner at Cambridge), who is not dependent on the 
foundation for support, but pays for his board or commons, 
together with all other charges. 5. A prostitute.— Shah. 
6. A partaker. — Fuller. 

€OM-MO-NI"TION (-nish'un), n. [h.commonkio.] Advice; 
warning; instruction. [Little used.] 

COM-MON'I-TIVE, a. Warning ; monitory. [Little used.] 

€OM-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Calling to mind; admonishing. 

COM'MON-LY, adv. Usually ; generally ; ordinarily ; fre- 
quently ; for the most part. 

COM'MON-NESS, n. 1. Frequent occurrence; a state of 
being common or usual ; frequency. 2. Equal participa- 
tion by two or more. [Little used.] 

GOM'MON-PLiCE, a. Common ; trite ; not new or striking. 

GOM'MON-PLaCE, n. A memorandum; a common topic. 

GOM'MON-PLaCE, v. t. To enter in a commonplace-book, 
or to reduce to general heads. 

eOM'MON-PLACE'-BQOK, n. A book in which things to 
be remembered are recorded. 

COM'MON-PLICED (-plast), a. Entered in a common- 
place-book. 

GOM'MONS, n.pl. 1. The common people, who inherit or 
possess no honors or titles ; the vulgar. Dryden.—2. In 
England, the lower house of parliament, consisting of the 
representatives of cities, boroughs, and counties. This 
body is called the House of Commons. 3. Common grounds ; 
land possessed or used by two or more persons in com- 
mon. 4. Food provided at a common table, as in colleges, 
where many persons eat at the same table or in the same 
hall. — Doctors Commons, in London, a college founded by 



Dr. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law, where tlia 
civilians common together. 

t COM-MON'STRaTE, v. t. To teach.— Cockeram. 

GOM'MON-TY, n. In Scots law, land belonging to two or 
more common proprietors ; or a heath or muir, of which 
there has been a promiscuous possession by pasturage. 

COM-MON-WeAL', \n. 1. An established form of gov- 

COM'MON- WEALTH', 3 ernment or civil polity ; or, more 
generally, a state ; a body politic ; properly, a free state. 
2. The whole body of people in a state ; the public. 3. 
The territory of a state ; as, all the land within the limita 
of the commonwealth. Massachusetts. — 4. The common- 
wealth, in English history, the form of government estab- 
lished on the death of Charles I., and which existed under 
Oliver Cromwell and his son. — Syn. State; realm; re- 
public; community. 

OOM-MON-WeALTH'S'MAN, n. One who favored the 
English Commonwealth. See Commonwealth, No. 4. 

COM'MO-RANCE, > n. [L. commorans.] A dwelling or or- 

€OM'MO-RAN-CY, I dinary residence in a place ; abode ; 
habitation. 

€OM'MO-RANT, a. Dwelling; ordinarily residing ; inhab- 
iting. 

t€OM-MO-RA'TION, n. A staying or tarrying.— Cockeram. 

GOM-Mo'RI-ENT, a. [L. commoriens.] Dying at the sama 
time. — Buck. 

GOM'MoTH-ER (-mufh'er), n. A god-mother. [LittleusedA 

€OM-Mo'TION, n. [L. commotio.] A state of excited and 
tumultuous action, either of the elements (as the commo 
tion of the sea), or of passion and feeling in individuals oj 
masses of men ; as, men should debate without commotion. 
— Syn. Excitement; agitation; heat; pertm-bation ; dis 
turbance ; tumult ; disorder ; violence. » 

€OM-Mo'T10N-ER, n One who excites commotion. [Lit 
tie used.] 

GOM-MoVE', v. t. [L. commovco.] To put in motion ; t<< 
disturb; to agitate; to unsettle. [A poetic xoord.] — Thorn 
son. 

COM-MiiV'^D, pp. Moved ; agitated. 

GOM-MoVTNG, ppr. Agitating. 

GOM-M0NAL, a. Pertaining to a commune. 

COM-MuNE', v. i. [Ft. communier.] 1. To converse ; to 
confer ; to talk together familiarly ; to impart sentiments 
mutually, in private or familiar discourse. 2. To have in- 
tercourse in contemplation or meditation ; as, to communt 
with God. 3. To partake of the sacrament or Lord's Sup- 
per ; to receive the communion ; [a common use of the word 
in America.] 

■COM'MuNE, n. A small territorial district in France. In 
the country, a commune sometimes embraces a number 
of villages, while some of the large cities are dirided into 
a number of communes. 



■COM-MCNI-BUS AN'NIS. [L.l One year with another. 
~* [L.] " 
on a medium. 



•eOM-MCNT-BUS Lo'CIS. 



One place with another 



GOM-MU-NI-GA-BILI-TY, n. The quality of being commit 
nicable ; capability of being imparted from one to another 

GOM-MD'NI-GA-BLE, a. [Fr.] l. That may be communi- 
cated; capable of being imparted from one to another. 2 
That may be recounted. 3. Communicative; ready to 
impart; [not used.] 

GOM-MCNI-GA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being commu 
nicable. 

GOM-Mu'NIGA-BLY, adv. With communication. 

GOM-MCNI-GANT, n. One who communes at the Lord's 
table ; one who is entitled to partake of the sacrament at 
the celebration of the Lord's Supper. 

COM-MO'NI-GaTE, v. t. [L. communico.] 1. To impart ; to 
give to another, as a partaker ; to confer for joint pos- 
session ; to bestow, as that which the receiver is to hold, 
retain, use, or enjoy. 2. To impart reciprocally, or mu- 
tually; to have or enjoy a share of. 3. To impart, as 
knowledge ; to reveal ; to give, as information, either by 
words, signs, or signals. 4. To deliver ; to give, as to com- 
municate information. — Syn. To impart ; bestow ; confer 
reveal ; disclose ; make known. 

GOM-Mu'NI-GaTE, v. i. To partake of the Lord's Supper 
— Taylor. 2. To have a communication or passage from 
one to another ; to have the means of passing from one to 
another ; as, the canals communicate with each other. 3. 
To have intercourse ; [applied to persons.] 4. To have, en , 
joy, or suffer reciprocally ; to have a share with another 

GOM-Mu'NI-Ca-TED, pp. Imparted from one to another, 
bestowed ; delivered. 

GOM-MO'NI-Ca-TING, ppr. 1. Imparting ; giving or be- 
stowing; delivering. 2. Partaking of the sacrament oi 
the Lord's Supper. 3. Leading or conducting from place 
to place, as a passage ; connected by a passage or chan- 
nel. 4. Having intercourse by words, letters, or messages, 
corresponding 

GOM-MrJ-NI-GI'TION, n. 1. The act of imparting, confer 
ring, or delivering from one to another. 2. Intercourse 
by words, letters, or messages ; interchange of thoughts 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a. e, 1, &c., short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRT) ;— MoVE, BOQR 



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or opinions, by conference or other means. 3. Intercourse ; 
interchange of knowledge ; correspondence ; good under- 
standing between men. 4. Connecting passage ; means of 
passing from place to place. 5. That which is communi- 
cated or imparted. — 6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a 
speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner 
in his sentiments, and 6ays we, instead of I or you. — Syn. 
Commerce , correspondence ; conference. 

COM-Mu'NI-CA-TiVE, a. 1. Inclined to communicate ; 
ready to impart to others. 2. Disposed to impart or dis- 
close, as knowledge, opinions, or facts ; free to communi- 
cate ; not reserved. 

COM-Mfj'NI-e A-TI VE-NESS, n . The quality of being com- 
municative ; readiness to impart to others ; freedom from 
reserve. 

COM-Mu'NI-Ca-TOR, n. One wno communicates. — Dwight. 

COM-Mu'NI-CA-TO-RY, a. Imparting knowledge. 

GOM-MuNTNG, ppr. Conversing familiarly; having famil- 
iar intercourse. 

COM-MuN'ING, n. Familiar converse ; private intercourse. 
— E. T. Fitch. 

COM-MuN'ION (kom-mun'yon), n. [L. communio ; Fr. com- 
munion.] 1. Mutual intercourse between two persons 
or more ; interchange of transactions, or offices ; a state 
of giving and receiving. 2. Mutual intercourse or union 
in religious worship, or in doctrine and discipline. 3. A 
body of Christians who have one common faith and dis- 
cipline. 4. The celebration of the Lord's Supper ; the 
participation of the blessed sacrament. 5. Union of pro- 
fessing Christians in a particular church ; as, a member in 
full communion. — Communion-service, in the liturgy of the 
Episcopal Church, is the office for the administration of 
the holy sacrament. — Syn. Fellowship ; converse ; inter- 
course ; unity ; concord ; agreement. 

GOM-MuN'ION-IST, n. One of the same communion.— 
Dury. 

COM'MU-NISM, n. [Fr. commune.] Community of property 
among all the citizens of a state ; a new French word, 
nearly synonymous with agrarianism or socialism. 

COM'MU-NIST, n. One who holds the principles of com- 
munionism. 

COM-Mu'NI-TY, n. [L. communitas.] 1. Property, common 
possession or enjoyment. 2. A society of people, having 
common rights and privileges, or common interests ; or 
living under the same laws and regulations ; as, a commu- 
nity of monks ; a body politic. [In this sense the word 
6hould not be used absolutely, like society ; as, " the in- 
terests of community require this;" but the interests of the 
community, &c] 3. Society at large ; the public or peo- 
ple in general. 4. Commonness ; frequency. — Skak., [obs.] 

COM-Mu-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
being exchanged, or put, one in the place of the other. 

€OM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. [L. commutabilis.] That may be ex- 
changed, or mutually changed ; that may be given for an- 
other. — In philology, that may pass from one into another. 

COM-MU-TITION, n. [L. commutatio.) 1. Change ; altera- 
tion ; a passing from one state to another. 2. Exchange ; 
the act of giving one thing for another , barter. — 3. In law, 
the change of a penalty or punishment from a greater to 
a less ; as banishment instead of death. 

€OM-MuTA-TlVE, a. [Fr. commutatif.] Relative to ex- 
change ; interchangeable ; mutually passing from one to 
another. 

€OM-Mu'TA-TlVE-LY, adv. By way of reciprocal exchange. 

€OM-MuTE', v. t. [L. commuto.] 1. To exchange ; to put 
one thing in the place of another ; to give or receive one 
thing for another. — 2. In law, to exchange one penalty or 
punishment for another of less severity. 

€OM-MuTE', v. i. To atone ; to compensate ; to stand in 
the place of. 

€OM-MuT'ED, pp. Exchanged. 

€OM-MuT'ING, ppr. Exchanging. 

€OM-MuTU-AL, a. Mutual ; reciprocal. [Used in poetry.] 

Co'MoSE, a. [L. comosus.] In botany, ending in a tuft or 

kind of brush. 
COM-P ACT', a. [L. compactus.] 1. Closely and firmly unit- 
ed, as the particles of solid bodies. — A compact leaf, in bot- 
any, is one having the pulp of a close, firm texture. 2. 
Composed ; consisting ; as, " a wandering fire compact of 
unctuous vapor." — Milton. 3. Joined ; held together ; [lit- 
tle used.] 4. Not diffuse ; not verbose. — Syn. Firm ; close ; 
solid ; dense ; brief ; close ; pithy ; sententious. 
COM'PACT, 7i. [L. compactum.] An agreement ; a contract 
between parties ; a word that may be applied, in a gen- 
eral sense, to any covenant or contract between individu- 
als ; but it is more generally applied to agreements be- 
tween nations and states, as treaties and confederacies. 
COM-P ACT, v. t. . 1. To thrust, drive, or press closely to- 
gether ; to join firmly ; to consolidate ; to make close ; as 
the parts which compose a body. 2. To unite or connect 
firmly, as in a system. 3. To league with ; as, " thou 
pernicious woman, compact with her that's gone." — Shak. 
4. To compose or make out of ; as, " compact of jars or 



contentions." — Pope. [In the last two examples, compact 
is used for compacted.] 

COM-P ACTED, pp. or a. Pressed close ; firmly united, cr 
connected. [Compact! is often used for this word by the 
old writers.] 

COM-PACTED-LY, adv. Closely ; in a compact manner. 

COM-P ACTED-NESS, n. A state of being compact ; firm- 
ness ; closeness of parts ; density, whence results hardnes* 

COM PACT'ER, n. One who makes a compact. 

t COM-PACT'I-BLE, a. That may be joined. 

COM-P ACTING, ppr. Uniting closely ; consolidating. 

COM-P ACTION, n. The act of making compact ; or the 
state of being compact. 

COM-P ACT'LY, adv. Closely; densely; with close union 
of parts. 

COM-P ACTNESS, n. Close union of parts.— Syn. Close 
ness ; firmness ; density. 

COM-P ACT'URE, n. Close union or connection of parte ; 
structure^ well connected ; manner of joining. 

€OM-Pa'(jES, n. [L.] A system or structure of many part* 
united. 

t COM-P Ag'IN-aTE, v. t. To set together that which u 
broken. 

COM-PAG-IN-a'TION, n. [L. compago.] Union of parts 
structure ; connection ; contexture. [Little used.] 

t C6MTA-NA-BLE, a. Companionable. — Chaucer. 

t COM'PA-NA-BLE-NESS, n. Sociableness.— Sidney. 

t COM-PAN'I-A-BLE, a. Social.— Bacon. 

t COM-P AN'I-A-BLE-NESS, n. Sociableness.— Hall. 

€6M'PA-NI£D (kum'pa-nid), pp. Associated with ; attended. 

COM-P AN'ION (kom-pan'yun), n. [Fr. compagnon.] 1. One 
who keeps company with another ; one with whom a 
person frequently associates and converses. 2. One who 
accompanies another ; as two persons meeting casually 
and traveling together are called companions. 3. One as- 
sociated with another in any duty or employment ; as, a 
companion in arms. 4. A term sometimes applied to a 
knight as distinguished from the knight commanders of 
the same order. 5. A sort of wooden porch placed over 
the entrance or stair-case of the cabin in merchant ships. 
Hence, the cabin stairs are called the companion-way, and 
the ladder by which officers ascend to and descend from 
the quarter deck is called the companion-ladder. — Syn 

■ Associate ; comrade ; mate ; compter ; partner ; ally , 
confederate ; coadjutor ; accomplice. 

€OM-PAN'ION-A-BLE, a. Fit for good fellowship ; quali- 
fied to be agreeable in company ; sociable ; agreeable ad 
a companion. 

COM-P AN'ION-A-BLY, adv. In a companionable manner. 

COM-PAN'ION-LESS, a. Having no companion. 

COM-PAN'ION-SHIP, n. 1. Fellowship ; association. 2. 
Company ; train. 

G6MTA-NY (kum'pa-ny), n. [It. compagnia.] 1. In military 
affairs, the soldiers united under the command of a cap- 
tain ; a subdivision of a regiment. 2. Any assemblage of 
persons ; a collection of men, or other animals, in a very 
indefinite seiise. 3. An assemblage of persons for enter- 
tainment or festivity ; a party collected by invitation or 
otherwise. 4. Persons that associate with others for con- 
versation or pleasure ; society. 5. The state of being a 
companion ; the act of accompanying ; as, we enjoy the 
company of the good. 6. A number of persons united for 
the same purpose, or in a joint concern ; as, a mercantile 
company. 7. The crew of a ship, including the officers ; 
also, a fleet. — To bear company, to accompany ; to attend ; 
to go with. — To keep company, to accompany ; to attend ; 
also, to associate with frequently or habitually. — Syn. As- 
semblage ; assembly ; society ; group ; circle ; crowd ; 
troop ; crew ; gang ; corporation ; association. 

C6MTA-NY, v. t. To accompany ; to attend ; to go with ; 
to be companion to. 

C6MTA-NY, v. i. 1. To associate with ; to frequent the 
company of. 2. To be a gay companion ; [obs.] 3. To 
have commerce with the other sex. 

€6M'PA-NY-ING,£pr. Associating with ; attending. 

COM'PA-RA-BLE, a. [L. comparabilis.] That may be com 
pared ; worthy of comparison ; being of equal regard ; 
that may be estimated as equal. 

COM'PA-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree worthy to 
be compared, or of equal regard. 

COM'PA-RaTES, n. pi. In logic, the two things compared 
to one another. 

COM-P A-Ra'TION, n. Provision ; a making provision. 

COM-PAR'A-TIVE, a. [L. comparativus.] 1. Estimated by 
comparison ; not positive or absolute. 2. Having the 
power of comparing different things.— 3. In grammar, ex- 
pressing more or less. The comparative degree of an 
adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity, 
or quality, than the positive ; as brighter. — Comparative 
anatomy, that branch of anatomy which treats of the anat- 
omy of man and of other animals in one connected view, 
in order to compare them together, and arrive at general 
conclusions. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



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COM-PAR'A-TIVE, n. One who is equal, or pretends to 
be an equal. — Shah. 

GOM-PAR'A-TiVEvLY, adv. In a state of comparison ; by- 
comparison ; according to estimate made by comparison ; 
not positively, absolutely, or in itself. 

GOM-PXRE', v. t. [L. comparo.] 1. To set or bring things 
together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the 
relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain 
their agreement or disagreement. 2. To liken ; to repre- 
sent as similar, for the purpose of illustration. 3. To ex- 
amine the relations of things to each other, with a view 
to discover their relative proportions, quantities, or quali- 
ties. — 4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees 
of comparison ; as blackish, black, blacker, blackest. 5. To 
get ; to procure ; to obtain ; as in Latin ; [obs.] 

GOM-PaRE', v. i. 1. To hold comparison ; to be like or 
equal. 2. To vie. — Spenser; [obs.] 

GOM-PaRE', n. 1. The state of being compared; compar- 
ative estimate ; comparison ; possibility of- entering into 
comparison, or being considered as equal. 2. Simile ; 
similitude ; illustration by comparison. 

GOM-PIRjED' (kom-pard'), pp. Set together and examined 
with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or disa- 
greement ; likened ; represented as similar. 

GOM-PaR'ER, n. One who compares or makes a com- 
parison. 

GOM-PaRING, n. Act of comparing.— Baxter. 

GOM-PaR'ING, ppr. Examining the relations of things to 
each other ; likening. 

GOM-PAR'I-SON, n. [It. comparazione ; Fr. comparaison.] 1. 
The act of comparing. 2. The state of being compared. 
3. Comparative estimate ; proportion ; as, this is a small 
evil in comparison with the other. — 4. In grammar, the 
formation of an adjective in its several degrees of signifi- 
cation. 5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by simili- 
tude. — 6. In rhetoric, a figure by which two things are 
considered with regard to some property or quality 
which is common to them both. 

COM-PaRT", v. t. [Fr. compartir.] To divide ; to mark out 
a plan or design into its several parts, or subdivisions. — 
Wotton. 

GOM'PaRT, n. A member.— Scott. 

GOM-PaRT'ED, pp. Divided into parts or apartments. 

GOM-PaRT'ING, ppr. Dividing or disposing into parts. 

GOM-PaR-T¥"TION, n. 1. The act of dividing into parts. 
2. Division; part divided ; a separate part. — Wotton. 

GOM-PIRTMENT, n. [Fr. compartiment.] 1. A division or 
separate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a 

f round-plot. 2. A design composed of several different 
gures, disposed with symmetry, for ornament. 

GOM-PaRTNER, n. A sharer.— Pearson. 

CoM'PASS (kum'pas), n. [Fr. compos.] 1. Stretch ; reach ; 
extent ; the limit or boundary of a space, and the space 
included. 2. A passing round ; a circular course ; a cir- 
cuit ; as, " my life has run its compass" — Shak. ; they 
fetched a compass of seven days' journey. 3. Moderate 
bounds ; limits of truth ; moderation ; due limits ; as, to 
speak within compass. 4. The extent or limit of the voice 
or of sound. 5. An instrument, often called the mariner's 
compass, used for directing or ascertaining the course of 
ships at sea. It consists of a circular box. containing a 
paper card marked with the thirty-two points of direc- 
tion, and fixed on a magnetic needle, that always points to 
the north, the variation "excepted. 6. An instrument used 
in surveying land, constructed in the main like the mari- 
ner's compass, except that the card does not move round 
with the needle. 

G6MTASS, v. t. 1. To stretch round ; to extend so as to em- 
brace the whole to inclose, encircle, grasp, or seize. 2. 
To surround ; to environ ; to inclose on all. sides. 3. To 
go or walk round. 4. To besiege ; to beleaguer ; to block 
up. 5. To obtain ; to attain to ; to procure ; to bring 
within one's power ; to accomplish ; as, to compass one's 
designs. 6. To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot; 
to contrive ; as we say, to go about to perform, but in 
mind only ; as, to compass the king's death. — Blackstone. 

G6M'P ASS-BOX. n. A box for a compass. — Phillips. 

G6MTASS-NEE-DLE, n. The needle of a compass. 

C< M'PASS-SAW, n. A saw that cuts in a circular manner. 

C6M'PASS-A-BLE, a. That may be compassed.— Burke. 

GoM'PASSjED (kumpast), pp. Embraced ; surrounded ; 
inc\osed ; obtained ; imagined. 

CoM'PASS-ES, n. pi. An instrument for describing circles, 
measuring figures, &c, consisting of two pointed legs 
joined at top by a rivet, on which they move. 

G6MTASS-ING, ppr. 1. Embracing ; going round ; inclos- 
ing ; obtaining ; accomplishing ; imagining ; intending. — 
2. In ship-building, incurvated ; arched. 

€OM-PAS'S10N (kom-pash'un), n. [It. compassione.] A suf- 
fering with another ; a sensation of sorrow excited by 
the distress or misfortunes of another. — Syn. Pity ; sym- 
pathy ; commiseration ; fellow-feeling. 
€OM-PAS'SION, v. t. To pity.— Shak. 



COM-PAS'SION-A-BLE, a. Deserving of pity. — Barrow, 
[Little used.] 

f GOM-PAS'SION-ARY, a, Compassionate.— Cotgrave. 

GOM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Having a temper or disposition 
to pity ; inclined to show mercy ; having a heart that is 
tender, and easily moved by the distresses, sufferings, 
wants, and infirmities of others. — Syn. Tender ; merciful 
melting; soft ; Jndulgent ; kind. 

GOM-PAS'SION-aTE. v. t. To pity ; to commiserate ; to 
have compassion for. 

GOM-PAS'SION-a-TED, pp. Pitied. 

COM-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. With compassion ; mere: 
fully. — Claren don . 

COM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being com- 
passionate. 

GOM-PAS'SION-S-TING, ppr. Having pity on. 

G6MTASS-LESS (kum'pass-less), a. Haying no compass. 
— Knowles. 

GOM-PA-TERN'I-TY, n, The relation of a god-father to the 
person for whom he answers. 

GOM-PAT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Consistency ; the quality or pow- 
er of coexisting with something else ; suitableness. 

GOM-PATI-BLE, a. [Fr. compatible.] That may exist with , 
not incongruous. — Syn. Consistent ; suitable ; agreeable ; 
accordant ; congruous. 

COM-PATI-BLE-NESS, n. Consistency ; fitness ; agree- 
ment ; the same as compatibility, which is generally used. 

GOM-PAT'I-BLY, adv. Fitly; suitably; consistently. 

GOM-Pa'TIENT, a. Suffering together. [Little used.] 

* GOM-PA'TRI-OT or COM-PATRI-OT, n. [lt.compatriotta.\ 

One of the same country, and having like interests and 
feelings. — Burke. 

* GOM-Pa'TRI-OT or GOM-PAT'RIOT, a. Of the same 

country. 

* GOM-Pa'TRI-OT-ISM or GOM-PAT'RI-OT-ISM, n. Fel- 

low patriotism. 

GOM-PEER', n. [L. compar.] An equal ; a companion ; an 
associate ; a mate. 

GOM-PEER', v. t. To equal ; to match ; to be equal with. 
— Shak. 

SOM-PEER', v. i. [L. compareo.] To appear. [Obs.] 

GOM-PEL', v. t. [L. compello.] 1. To drive or urge with 
force, or irresistibly. 2. To take by force or violence ; as, 
" they compel from each of us a sixth part of his sub- 
stance." — Shak. ; [little used.] 3. To drive together ; to 
gather ; to unite in a crowd or company : a Latinism, 
compellere gregem. 4. To seize ; to overpower ; to hold , 
[unusual.] 5. To call forth; [obs.] — Syn. To force; con- 
strain ; oblige ; necessitate. 

GOM-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be driven, forced, or con 
strained. 

GOM-PEL'LA-BLY, adv. By compulsion. 

GOM-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. compellatio.] A ceremonious 
appellation, as sire, &c. 

t GOM-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Compulsator y.— Cavendish. 

GOM-PEL/L.ED (kom-peld'), pp. Forced ; constrained ; 
obliged. 

GOM-PEL'LER, n. One who compels or constrains. 

GOM-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving by force ; constraining ; 
obliging. 

GOM'PEND, )n. [L. compendium.] An abridgment; 

COM-PENDl-UM, 5 a summary ; an epitome ; a brief 
compilation or composition. 

GOM-PEND-I-a'RI-OUS, a. Short; contracted. [Rare.] 

t GOM-PEND'I-aTE, v. t. To sum or coUect together. 

t GOM-PEND-I-OS'I-TY, n. Shortness. 

GOM-PEND'I-OUS, a. 1. Containing the substance or gen 
eral principles of a subject or work in a narrow compass ; 
as, a compendious system of chemistry. 2. Direct ; not 
circuitous ; as, a compendious mode of gaining knowledge 
— Syn. Short ; summary ; abridged ; comprehensive ; 
succinct; brief; concise. 

GOM-PEND'I-OUS-LY, adv. In a short or brief manner ; 
summarily; in brief ; in epitome. 

GOM-PEND'I-OUS-NESS, n. Shortness ; brevity ; compre- 
hension in a narrow compass. 

GOM-PENS'A-BLE, a. That may be compensated. [Rare.] 

* GOM-PEN'SITE or GOM'PEN-SaTE, v. t. [L. compenso.] 

1. To give equal value to ; to recompense ; to give an 
equivalent. 2. To be equivalent in value or effect to ; to 
counterbalance ; to make amends for. — Syn. To recom- 
pense ; remunerate ; reward ; requite. 

* GOM-PEN'SITE or GOM'PEN-SITE, v. i. To make 

amends ; to supply an equivalent. — This word is gener- 
ally accented on the second syllable, most unfortunately, 
as any ear will determine by the feebleness of the last 
syllables in the participles, corn-pen' sa-ted, corn-pen' sa-ting. 

* GOM-PEN'Sa-TED or COM'PEN-SI-TED, pp. or a. Reo 

ompensed ; supplied with an equivalent in amount or ef 
feet; rewarded. 
*COM-PEN'SI-TING or GOM'PEN-Sa-TING, ppr. Giving 
an equivalent ; recompensing ; remunerating ; making 
good a deficiency. 



* See Synopi is. A, E, I, Sec, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



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fcUM-PEN-S 1TION, n. 1. That which is given or received 
as an equivalent for services, debt, want, loss, or suffering. 
2. That which supplies the place of something, or makes 
good a deficiency. Paley. — 3. In law, a set-off; the pay- 
ment of a debt by a credit of equal amount. — Syx. Rec- 
ompense ; reward ; remuneration ; requital ; amends ; 
satisfaction. 

COM-PEN'SA-TIVE, a. Making amends or compensation. 

€OM-PEN'3A-TO-RY, a. Serving for compensation ; mak- 
ing amends. 

f COM-PENSE', v. t. To recompense. 

t €OM-PE-RENT>I-NaTE, v. t. TL. camper en dino.} To delay. 

t COM-PE-REN-DI-NITION, n. Delay; dilatoriness. 

€OM-PeTE', v. i. [L. competo.] 1. To seek, or strive for 
the same thing as another ; to carry on competition or 
rivalry. 2. To strive or claim to be equal. — Milner. 

€OM'PE-TENCE, )n. [L. competent.] 1. Sufficiency; such 

€OM'PE-TEN-CY, J a quantity as is sufficient ; property 
or means of subsistence sufficient to furnish the necessa- 
ries and conveniences of life, without superfluity. 2. 
Sufficiency, applied to other things than property ; as, a 
competency of talent. 3. Legal capacity or qualifications ; 
fitness ; as, the competency of a witness. 4. Right or au- 
thority ; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a 
cause, as of a judge. 5. Fitness ; adequacy ; "suitableness ; 
legal sufficiency; as, the competency of evidence. 

COM'PE-TENT, a. 1. Suitable; fit; convenient; hence, 
sufficient, that is, fit for the purpose ; adequate. 2. Qual- 
ified ; fit ; having legal capacity or power. 3. Incident ; 
belonging ; having adequate power or right ; as, it is not 
competent for the plaintiff to allege fraud in this case ; [le- 
gal usage.] 

COM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Sufficiently; adequately; suita- 
bly ; reasonably. 

\ €OM-PET'I-BLE. See CoxMpatible. 

\ COM-PETI-BLE-NESS, n. Suitableness ; fitness. 

COM-PeTTNG. ppr. Striving in rivalry. 

€OM-PE-TI"TION, n. [Low L. competitio.] 1. The act of 
seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is endeav- 
oring to gain at the same time ; mutual strife for the 
6ame object ; also, strife for superiority. 2. A state of 
rivalship ; a state of having equal claims. 3. Double 
claim ; claim of more than one to the same thing. — Syx. 
Rivalry ; rivalship ; contest ; struggle ; contention ; emu- 
lation ; opposition ; jealousy. 

COM-PET1-TOR, n. 1. One who seeks and endeavors to 
obtain what another seeks ; or one who claims what an- 
other claims ; a rival. 2. An opponent. 

GOM-PET'I-TO-RY, a. Rivaling ; acting in competition.— 
Dangers of the Country. 

COM-PET1-TRESS, ) . „ , _ 

COM-PET'I-TRIX \ n ' female competitor. 

€OM-PI-La'TION, n. 1. A collection of certain parts of a 
book or books into a separate book or pamphlet 2. A 
collection or assemblage of other substances ; or the act 
of collecting and forming an aggregate. 

t COM-PI-LITOR, n. A collector. 

€OM-PlLE', v. t. [L. compilo.] 1. To collect parts or pas- 
sages of books or writings into a book or pamphlet ; to se- 
lect and put together parts of an author, or to collect parts 
of different authors ; or to collect and arrange separate 
papers, laws, or customs in a book, code, or system. 2. 
To write ; to compose. 3. To contain ; to comprise ; [not 
used.] 4. To make up ; to compose ; [not used.] 5. To 
put together ; to build ; [not used.] 

€OM-PlL'£D (kom-pIldO, pp. Collected from authors ; se- 
lected and put together. 

€OM-PiLE'MENT, n. The act of piling together or heap- 
ing ; coacervation. [Little used.] 

€OM-PIL'ER, n. A collector of parts of authors, or of sep- 
arate papers or accounts ; one who forms a book or com- 
position from various authors or separate papers. 

€OM-PlLTNG, ppr. Collecting and arranging parts of 
books, or separate papers, in a body or composition. 

COM-PLa'CENCE, \n. [L. complacens.] 1. A state of being 

€OM-PLi'CEN-CY, 5 pleased or gratified. 2. The cause 
of pleasure or joy; as, " Oh thou, my sole complacence I" 
— Milton. 3. Complaisance ; civility ; softness of man- 
ners ; deportment and address that afford pleasure. — In 
the latter sense, complaisance, from the French, is now 
used. [See Complaisance.] — Syx. Pleasure; gratifica- 
tion ; satisfaction. 

COM PLa'CENT, a. Civil ; complaisant— Burke. 

COM-PLA-CENTIAL, a. Marked by complacence ; accom- 
modating. — Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

COM-PLA-CENTIAL-LY, adv. In a complacential or ac- 
commodating manner. 

€OM-PLa'CENT-LY, adv. Softly; in a complacent manner. 

COM-PLaIN', v. i. [Fr. complahtdre.] 1. To utter expres- 
sions of grief. 2. To utter expressions of censure or re- 
sentment ; to find fault. 3. To utter expressions of un- 
easiness or pain. 4. To charge ; to accuse of an offense ; 
to present an accusation against a person to a proper offi- 



cer. 5. To represent injuries, particularly in a "writ uf 
audita querela. — Syx. To lament bewail ; repine ; mur- 
mur ; regret ; grieve ; mourn. 

COM-PLaIN', v. t. To lament ; to bewail. 

t COM-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be complained of. 

COM-PLILN'ANT, n. [Fr . complaignant.] 1. A prosecutor ; 
one who prosecutes by complaint, or commences a legal 
process against an offender. 2. The plaintiff in a writ "of 
audita querela. 

COM-PLaLN'ER n. One who complains or expresses grief ; 
one who laments ; one who finds fault ; a murmurer. 

t COM-PL IIN'FTJ L, a. Full of complaint. 

COM-PLaLN'ING, ppr. or a. Expressing grief, sorrow, or 
censure; finding fault; accusing of an offense. — Syx. 
Murmuring ; lamenting ; querulous ; querimonious. 

COM-PLaLN'ING, n. The expression of regret, sorrow, oi 
injury. 

€OM-PLXL\T y , -n. [Fr. complainte.] 1. Expression of grief, 
regret, pain, censure, or resentment ; lamentation ; mur- 
muring ; a finding fault. 2. The cause or subject of com- 
plaint, or murmuring. 3. The cause of complaint, or of 
pain and uneasiness in the body ; a malady ; usually ap 
plied to disorders not violent. 4. Accusation ; a charge 
against an offender. 5. Representation of injuries, in a 
general sense ; and, appropriately, in a writ of audita querela. 
— In late, a complaint comes from an individual ; an in- 
formation from the prosecuting officer ; an indictment. 
from the grand jury. — Syx. Lamentation ; murmuring 
sorrow ; grief ; disease ; illness. 

COM'PLAI-SANCE (kom'pla-zance), n. [Fr. complaisance.] 

1. A pleasing deportment ; that manner of address and 
behavior in social intercourse which gives pleasure ; civil- 
ity ; obliging condescension ; kind and affable reception 
and treatment of guests ; exterior acts of civility. 2. 
Condescension ; obliging compliance with the wishes or 
humors of others. 3. Desire of pleasing ; disposition to 
oblige. — Syx. Civility ; courtesy ; urbanity ; suavity ; affa- 
bility; good-breeding. 

COM'PLAI-SANT (kom'pla-zant), a. 1. Attentive and pleas- 
ing in manners ; desirous to please. — Sfn. Courteous , 
affable ; civil ; obliging ; polite ; well-bred. 

€OM'PLAI-SAls'T-LY (kbm'pla-zant-ly). adv. In a pleasing 
manner ; with civility ; with an obliging, affable address 
or deportment 

COM'PLAI-SANT-NESS, n. Civility ; complaisance. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

COM'PLA-NaTE, a. Flat or laminate ; having thin plates. 

COM'PLA-NaTE, )v. t. [L. complano.] To make level; to 

COM-PLaNE', ) reduce to an even surface. 

COM-PL IN £D' ' \PP' plane(i t0 an even surface. 

loM^LiN'mG^ 0, \ ppr - Reducin2 t0 a level solace 

€OM-PL£AT y . See Complete. 

COM'PLE-MENT, n. [L. complementum.] 1. A filling out, 
completion ; whence, perfection ; as, " a prayer for the 
complement and execution of justice ;" [obs.] 2. Full quan- 
tity or number ; the quantity or number limited ; as, a 
ship has its full complement of men, stores, &c. 3. That 
which is added, not as necessary, but as ornamental ; 
something adventitious to the main thing ; ceremony. 
[See Compliment.] — 4. In trigonometry, the complement 
of an arc, or angle, is the difference between the arc or 
angle and ninety degrees. — 5. In geometry, the complements 
of a parallelogram are the two spaces which, with the 
parallelograms about the diagonal, make up or complete 
the whole parallelogram. — 6. Arithmetical complement of a 
number is the difference between the number and 10, 100, 
1000, &c. ; used chiefly in working propositions by loga- 
rithms. — 7. In fortification, the complement of the curtain is 
that part in the interior side which makes the demigorge. 

COM-PLE-MENTAL, a. Filling ; supplying a deficiency ; 
completing. 

t €OM-PLE-MENT'A-RY, n. One skilled in compliments. 

COM-PLkTE', a. [L. completus.] 1. Having no deficiency. 

2. Brought to an end or conclusion ; as, the edifice is com- 
plete. — 3. In botany, a complete flower is one furnished with 
a calyx and corolla; or having all the parts of a flower. — 
Syx. Full ; entire ; utter ; total ; absolute ; perfect ; thor- 
ough; plenary; finished; faultless. 

COM'-PLeTE', v. t. 1. To finish ; to end ; to perfect. 2. To 
fill ; to accomplish ; as, " to complete the nation's hopes." — 
Pope. 3. To fulfill ; to accomplish ; to perform. — Syx. To 
perform ; execute ; terminate ; conclude ; finish ; end , 
fill up ; achieve ; realize ; effect ; consummate ; accom- 
plish ; effectuate ; fulfil : bring to pass. 

COM-PLeT'ED, pp. Finished ; ended ; perfected ; fulfilled , 
accomplished. 

COM-PL E TE'LY, adv. Fully; perfectly; entirely. 

COM-PLeTE'MENT, n. The act of completing ; a finishing 

COM-PLeTE'NESS, 7i. The state of being complete ; per- 
fection._ 

COM-PLeTTNG. ppr. Finishing; perfecting; accomplishing. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € asK; ciasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t, Obsokm 



COM 



202 



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©OM-PLe'TION, n. 1. Fulfillment; accomplishment. 2. 
Act of completing ; state of being complete ; utmost ex- 
tent ; perfect state. 

€OM-PLe'TiVE, a. Filling; making complete.— i/ams. 

€OM-PLE'TO-RY. a. Fulfilling ; accomplishing. 

COM-PLe'TO-RY, n. The evening service ; the compline 
of the R )man Catholic Church. 

€OM'PLEX, ) a. [L. complexus.] 1. Composed 

€OM-PLEX'£D (-ext), > of two or more parts or things ; 
composite ; not simple ; including two or more particulars 
connected. 2. Involved ; difficult ; complicated ; intricate. 

€OM'PLEX, n. Assemblage ; collection ; complication. 
[Little used.] 

€OM-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. Complication; involution of parts 
in one integral ; compound state. 

COM-PLEX'ION (kom-plex'yun), n. 1. A complex state; 
condition; as, "to this complexion we must come at last." 
-Shak. ; [little used.] 2. The color of the skin, particu- 
larly of the face ; the color of the external parts of a body 
or thing. 3. The temperament, habitude, or natural dis- 
position of the body ; the peculiar cast of the constitution, 
which gives it a particular physical character ; as, men of 
this complexion are apt to despond ; [a medical sense.] 

€OM-PLEX'ION-AL, a. Depending on or pertaining to 
complexion. 

COM-PLEXION-AL-LY, adv. By complexion.— Brown. 

€OM-PLEX'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the complexion, or 
to the care of it. 

COM-PLEX'IONiiJD (kom-plex'yund), a. Having a certain 
temperament or state. 

eOM-PLEX'i-TY, n. The state of being complex ; com- 
plexness ; intricacy. 

COM'PLEX-LY, adv. In a complex manner ; not simply. 

COM'PLEX-NESS, n. The state of being complex or in- 
volved. 

€OM-PLEX'URE (kom-plex'yur), n. The involution or 
complication of one thing with others. 

€OM-PLl'A-BLE, a. That can bend or yield. 

€OM-PLl'ANCE, n. 1. The act of complying, or yielding 
to proposals, demands, obligations, wishes, Sec. ; followed 
by with. 2. A disposition to comply ; as, he was all com- 
pliance. — Syn. Concession ; submission ; consent ; obedi- 
ence ; performance ; execution. 

€OM-PLl'ANT, a. 1. Yielding ; bending ; as, compliant 
boughs. — Milton. 2. Yielding to request or desire ; civil ; 
obliging; complaisant. 

€OM-PLl'ANT-LY, adv. In a yielding manner. 

COM'PLI-CA-CY, n. A state of being complex or intricate. 

COM'PLI-€aTE, v. t. [L. complico.] 1. Literally, to inter- 
weave ; to fold and twist together. Hence, to make com- 
plex ; to involve ; to entangle ; to unite or connect mutu- 
ally or intimately, as different things or parts. 2. To make 
intricate ; followed by with. 

COM'PLI-CATE, a. 1. Complex ; composed of two or more 
parts united. — 2. In botany, folded together, as the valves 
of the glume or chaff in some grasses. 

€OM'PL1-€a-TED, pp. or a. Interwoven ; entangled ; in- 
volved ; intricate ; composed of two or more things or 
parts united. 

€OMTLI-€ATE-LY, adv. In a complex manner. 

COMTLI-CATE-NESS, n. The state of being complicated ; 
involution; intricacy; perplexity. 

€OM'PLI-€a-TING, ppr. Interweaving; infolding; uniting. 

COM-PLI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of interweaving, or in- 
volving two or more things or parts ; the state of being 
interwoven, involved, or intimately blended. 2. The in- 
tegral consisting of many things involved or interwoven, 
or"mutually united. 

€OMTLI-€A-TlVE, a. Tending or adapted to involve. 

COM'PLlCE, 7i. [It. complice.] One who is united with 
another in the commission of a crime, or in an ill design ; 
an associate or confederate in some unlawful act or de- 
sign ; an accomplice. The latter is now used. See Ac- 
complice. 

COM-PLIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. complicite.] The state or condi- 
tion of_being a complice or accomplice. [Little used.] 

€OM-PLl'£D (kom-plide'), pret. of comply. 

COM-PLi'ER, n. One who complies, yields, or obeys ; a 
person of ready compliance ; a man of an easy, yielding 
temper. 

COMTLI-MENT, n. [Fr. id. ; It. complimcnto.] 1. An ex- 
pression of civility, respect, or regard. 2. A present or 
favor bestowed. 
COM'PLI-MENT, v. t. 1. To address with expressions of 
approbation, esteem, or respect. 2. To congratulate ; as, 
to compliment a prince on the birth of a son. 3. To bestow 
a present ; to manifest kindness or regard for, by a present 
or other favor ; as, he complimented us with tickets for the 
exhibition. — Syn. To praise ; flatter ; adulate. 
COM'PLI-MENT, v.i. To pass compliments ; to use cere- 
mony or ceremonious language. 
COM-PLI-MENTAL, a. Expressive of civility or respect; 
imj lying compliments. 



COM-PLI-MENTAL-LY. adv. In the nature of a corapU 

ment ; by way of civility or ceremony. 
COM-PLI-MENTA-RY, a. Expressing civility, regard, ot 

praise. — Syn. Complimental ; gratulatory ; congratulate 

ry; flattering. 
€OM'PLI-MENT-ED, pp. Praised. 
COM'PLI-MENT-ER, n. One who compliments • one given 

to compliments ; a flatterer. 
COM'PLI-MENT-ING, ppr. Praising; bestowing on aa a 

present. 
COM'PLlNE, )n. [Fr. compile.] The last division of the 
COM'PLIN, 5 Roman Catholic breviary ; the last prayer 

at night, to be recited after sunset. 
COM'PLISH, for accomplish, is not now used, 
t COM-PLoRE', v. i. [L. comploro.] To lament togethei . 

* COM'PLOT, n. [Fr., of con, or com, and plot.] A plotting 
together ; a joint plot ; a plot ; a confederacy in some evil 
design ; a conspiracy. 

COM-PLOT, v. t. To plot together ; to conspire ; to form a 
plot ; to join in a secret design, generally criminal. 

€OM-PLOT'MENT, n. A plotting together ; conspiracy. 

COM-PLOT'TED, pp. Plotted together ; contrived. 

COM-PLOT'TER, n. One joined in a plot; a conspirator 

COM-PLOTTING, ppr. Plotting together ; conspiring; con 
triving an evil design or crime. 

COM-PLOTTING-LY, adv. By complotting. 

€OM-PLU-TEN'SIAN, a. The Complutensian copy of ths 
Bible is that of Complutum, or Alcala de Henares, first 
published in 1575, by Cardinal Ximenes, in Spain. 

COM-PLY, v. i. ; pret. complied. [It. compiacere.] 1. To cm/y 
ply with, to fulfill ; to perfect or carry into effect ; to com- 
plete ; to perform ot execute. 2. To yield to ; to be ob 
sequious ; to accord ; to suit. 

COM-PLY'ING with, ppr. Fulfilling; performing; yielding 
to. 

t COM-PON'DER-ITE, v. t. [L. compondero.] To weigh to- 
gether. 

t COM-PoNE', v. t. To compose ; to settle. See Compose. 

COM-PoNE', I n. In heraldry, a bordure compone is that 

COM-P6N.ED', 5 formed or composed of a row of angular 
parts or checkers of two colors. 

COM-Po'NENT or COM'PO-NENT, a. [L. componens.] Lit- 
erally, setting or placing together ; hence, composing ; 
constituting ; forming a compound. 

COM-Po'NENT or COM'PO-NENT, n. A constituent pare 
—Digby. 

COM-PoRT, v. i. [It. comportare ; Fr. comporter.] To com- 
port with, literally, to bear to or with; to carry together 
Hence, to agree with ; to suit ; to accord. 

COM-PoRT, v. l. 1. With the reciprocal pronoun, to behave , 
to conduct. — Burke. ; [little used.] 2. To bear ; to endure ; 
[not used.] 

* COM'PoRT, n. Behavior; conduct; manner of acting, 

[Rarely used.] 

COM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Suitable ; consistent. 

f COM-PoRT'ANCE, n. Behavior; deportment. 

t COM-PoRT- a'TION, n. An assemblage. 

COM-PoRT'ED, pp. Behaved ; suited. 

COM-PoRT'ING, ppr. Behaving; suiting. 

t €OM-PoRT'MENT, n. Behavior; demeanor; manner ol 
acting. — Addison. 

■eOM'POS MEN'TIS. [L. con and pos.] Possessed of 
mind^ in a sound state of mind. 

COM-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. camposer.] 1. To form a compound, 
or one entire body or thing, by uniting two or more 
things, parts, or individuals. 2. To invent and put together 
words and sentences ; to make, as a discourse or writing ; 
to write, as an author. 3. To constitute, or form, as parts 
of a whole ; as, syllables compose words. 4. To calm ; U. 
quiet ; to appease ; to tranquilize ; that is, to set or lay. 
5. To settle ; to adjust ; as, to compose difficulties. 6. To 
place in proper form, or in a quiet state ; as, to compose 
one's limbs. 7. To settle into a quiet state; as, the sea 
composed itself after the storm. 8. To dispose ; to put in 
a proper state for any purpose ; [obs.] — 9. In printing, to 
set types or characters in a composing-stick, from a copy, 
arranging the letters in the proper order. — 10. In music, to 
form a tune or piece of music with notes, arranging them 
on the stave in such a manner as, when sung, to produce 
harmony. 

€OM-P6S'-EB (kom-pozd'), pp. 1. Set together, or in due 
order ; formed ; constituted ; calmed ; quieted ; settled ; 
adjusted. 2. a. Calm ; sedate ; quiet ; tranquil ; free from 
agitation. 

€OM-PoS'ED-LY, adv. Calmly ; seriously ; sedately. 

€OM-Po3'EDNESS, n. A state of being composed ; calm 
ness ;_sedateness ; tranquillity. 

€OM-PoS'ER, n. 1. One who composes ; one who writes 
an original work, as distinguished from a compiler ; an an 
thor ; also, one who forms tunes, whether he adapts then 
to particular words or not. 2. One who quiets or calms , 
one who adjusts a difference. 

COM-PoSTNG, ppr. or a. Placing together ; forming; con 



See Syjuopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, ft, I. &c. short.— FAR. FALL. WHAT:— PREY;— MARlNE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOQK, 



COM 



203 



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etituting ; writing an original work ; quieting ; settling ; 
adjusting ; setting types. 

€ DM-PoS'ING-STI€K, n. Among printers, an instrument 
on which types are set from the cases, adjusted to the 
length of the lines. 

COMPOSITE, a. 1. Made up of parts ; as, a composite lan- 
guage. — 2. In architecture, the composite order is the last 
of the five orders of columns ; so called because its capital 
is composed of the Ionic order grafted upon the Corinthian. 
It has the same general character with the Corinthian, 
slightly modified. — Composite number, one which can be 
measured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 
2 or 3. 

COM-PO-Sl'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of com- 
posing, or that which is composed ; the act of forming a 
whole or integral, by placing together and uniting different 
things, parts, or ingredients ; or the whole body, mass, or 
compound thus formed. — 2. In literature, the act of invent- 
ing or combining ideas, clothing them with words, arrang- 
ing them in order, and, in general, committing them to 
paper, or otherwise writing them. 3. A written or print- 
ed work ; a. writing, pamphlet, or book. — 4. In music, the 
act or art of forming tunes; or a tune, song, anthem, air, 
or other musical piece. 5. The state of being placed to- 
gether ; union; conjunction; combination. — 6. Inthe^we 
arts, that combination of the several parts in which each 
is presented in its due proportion. 7. Adjustment ; or- 
derly disposition. 8. Mutual agreement to terms or con- 
ditions. 9. Mutual agreement for the discharge of a debt, 
on terms or by means different from those required by 
the original contract, or by law, as by the payment of a 
different sum, or by making other compensation. Hence, 
the sum so paid, or compensation given, in lieu of that 
stipulated or required. 10. Consistency; congruity ; [lit- 
tle used.] 11. The act of uniting simple ideas in a complex 
idea or conception ; opposed to analysis. 12. The joining 
of two words in a compound, as in book-case ; or, the act 
of forming a word with a prefix or affix, which varies its 
signification; as return, from turn. 13. The synthetical 
method of reasoning ; synthesis ; a method of reasoning 
from known or admitted truths or principles, as from ax- 
ioms, postulates, or propositions previously demonstrated, 
and from these deducing a clear knowledge of the thing 
to be proved. — 14. In printing, the act of setting types or 
characters in the composing-stick, to form lines, and of ar- 
ranging the fines in a galley, to make a column or page, 
and from this to make a form. — 15. In chemistry, the com- 
bination of different substances, or substances of different 
natures, by affinity. — 16. Composition of forces, in mechan- 
ics, the finding of a simple force which shall be equal to 
two or more given forces, when acting in given directions. 
-17. Composition of proportion, in mathematics, is when, 
of four proportionals, the sum of the first and second is to 
the second as the sum of the third and fourth is to the 
fourth. 

€OM-POSI-TOR, n. 1. In printing, one who sets types, 
and makes up the pages and forms. 2. One who sets in 
order. 

GOM-POSl-TIVE, a. Compounded ; or having the power 
of compounding or composing. 

COM-POS-SESS'Oll, n. A joint possessor. 

f €OM-POS'SI-BLE, a. Consistent. 

COM'PoST, n. [It. composta.] 1. In agriculture, a mixture 
or composition of various manuring substances, for fertil- 
izing land. 2. A mixture or composition for plastering 
houses, usually called compo. — Smart. 

fOM'PoST, v. t. To manure with compost. 

t COM-POSTURE, n. Soil ; manure. 

€OM-P0S'URE (kom-po'zhur), n. 1. The act of composing, 
or that which is composed ; a composition ; [obs.] 2. Com- 
position ; combination ; arrangement ; order ; [little used.] 

3. The form, adjustment, or disposition of the various 
parts. 4. Frame ; make ; temperament ; [rare.] 5. A set- 
tled state of the mind ; sedateness; calmness; tranquillity. 
[In this sense only is the word now much used.] 6. Agree- 
ment; settlement of differences; composition; [little used.] 

€OM-PO-TaTION, n. [L. compotatio.] The act of drinkin^ 
or tippling together. 

€OM-PO-Ta'TOR, n. One who drinks with another. 

€OM-POUND', v. t. [L. compono.] 1. To mix or unite two 
or more ingredients in one mass or body. 2. To unite or 
combine. 3. To compose ; to constitute ; [not used.]— 

4. In grammar, to unite two or more words ; to form one 
word of two or more. 5. To settle amicably ; to adjust 
by agreement ; as a difference or controversy. 6. To pay 
by agreement ; to discharge, as a debt, by paying a part, 
or giving an equivalent different from that stipulated or 
required.— To compound felony, is for the person robbed 
to take the goods again, or other compensation, upon an 
agreement not to prosecute the thief or robber. 

COM-POUND', v. i. 1. To agree upon concession; to come 
to terms of agreement, by abating something of the first 
demand. 2. To bargain in the lump ; to agree. 3. To 



come to terms, by granting something on each side , to 
agree. 4. To settle with a creditor by agreement, and 
discharge a debt by paying a part of its amount ; or tc 
make an agreement to pay a debt by means or in a man 
ner different from that stipulated or required by law.— 
To compound with a felon, is to take the goods stolen, oi 
other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute him. 

COM'POUND, a. 1. Composed of two or more ingredients 
— 2. In grammar, composed of two or more words. — 3. In 
botany, a compo mid flower is a species of aggregate flower 
containing several florets, inclosed in a common perianth 
on a common receptacle, as the dandelion. A compouno 
stem is one that divides into branches. A compound leaf 
connects several leaflets in one petiole. A compound ra 
ceme is composed of several small racemes. A compouna 
spike is composed of several spikelets. A compound cor 
ymb is formed of several small corymbs. A compouna 
umbel is one which has all its rays bearing small umbels 
at the top. A compound fructification consists of several 
confluent florets. — 4. Compound interest is when the inter 
est is added to the principal, and bears interest. — 5. Com- 
pound motion is that by two or more conspiring powers 
acting in different but not opposite directions. — 6. Com 
pound or composite number is that which may be divided 
by some number greater than unity, without a remainder 
7. Compound ratio is that which the product of the ante- 
cedents of two or more ratios has to the product of then- 
consequents. — 8. Compound quantity, in algebra, a quantity 
composed of two or more simple quantities or terms, con- 
nected by the sign -j- (plus), or — (minus). — 9. Compound 
larceny is that which is accompanied with taking goods 
from one's house or person. Blackstone. — 10. Compound 
time, in music, a term applied to those varieties of time in 
which each measure is divided into six equal parts. 

COM'POUND, n. A mass or body formed by the union or 
mixture of two or more ingredients or different substan- 
ces ; the result of composition. — 2. In Hindostan, a yard 
round a building ; a corruption of the Portuguese word 
campania. 

€OM-POUND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being compounded. 

€OM-POUND'ED, pp. Made up of different materials ; 
mixed ; formed by union of two or more substances. 

COM-POUND'ER, n. 1. One who compounds or mixes dif- 
ferent things. 2. One who attempts to bring parties to 
terms of agreement ; [little used.] 3. One who compounds 
with a debtor or a felon. 4. One at a university who pays 
extraordinary fees, according to his means, for the degreo 
he is to take. — Smart. 

COM-POUNDTNG, ppr. Uniting different substances in one 
body or mass ; forming a mixed body ; agreeing by con 
cession or abatement of demands ; discharging a debt by 
agreement to pay less than the original sum, or in a differ- 
ent manner. 

€OM-PE.E-€a'TION, n. [L. con and precatio.] A praying 
together. [Little used.] 

€C*i-PRE-HEND', v. t. [L. comprehendo.] Literally, to lay 
nold of, or embrace within the grasp. Hence, 1. To em- 
brace within limits ; as, the act comprehends all others. 
2. To embrace by implication or construction. 3. To em- 
brace or take into the mind ; to have or hold in idea ; as, 
to comprehend one's meaning. — Syn. To contain ; include • 
embrace ; comprise ; imply ; apprehend ; conceive ; u» 
derstand, &c. 

€OM-PRE-HENB'ED, pp. Contained ■ included ; implie,. 
understood. 

COM-PRE-HENDTNG, ppr. Including; comprising; under 
standing; implying. 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. [L. comprehensibilis.] 1. That 
may be comprehended or included ; possible to be com- 
prised. 2. Capable of being understood ; intelligible ; 
conceivable by the mind. 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being un 
derstood. 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. With great extent of em 
brace or comprehension ; with large extent of significa- 
tion ; in a manner to comprehend a large circaiit. [Hare.] 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SION, n. [L. comprehension 1. The act or 
quality of comprehending, or containing ; a compri.-in^. 
2. An including or containing within a narrow comp;is> ; 
inclusion; a summary; an epitome or compend. 3. Ca- 
pacity of the mind to understand ; power of the under 
standing to receive and contain ideas ; capacity of Know- 
ing, In "rhetoric, a trope or figure by which the name of n 

whole is put for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a 
definite number for an indefinite. 

€OM-PRE-H£N'SlVE, a. 1. Having the quality of compris- 
ing much, or including a great extent. 2. Having the 
po°wer to comprehend or understand many things at once. 
Syn. Extensive ; wide ; large ; full. 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. In a comprehensive man- 
ner ; with great extent of embrace 

COM-PRE-HEN'SlVE-NESS, n, 1. The quality of being 
comprehensive, or of including much extent. 2. The 



T)A VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this \ Obsolete 



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204 



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quality of including much in ». few words or narrow 
compass. 

; COM-PRE-HEN'SOR, n. One who has obtained knowl- 
edge. — Rail. 

GOM-PRES-BY-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the Presbyterian 
form of ecclesiastical ministration. 

GOM-PRESS', v. t. [L. compressus.] 1. To press together by 
external force ; to force, urge, or drive into a narrower 
compass ; to crowd. 2. To embrace carnally. 3. To bring 
within narrow limits or space. — Syn. To crowd ; press ; 
squeeze ; condense. 

GOM'PRESS, n. In surgery, a bolster of soft linen cloth, 
with several folds, used by surgeons to cover a plaster or 
dressing. 

GOM-PRESS'JJD (kom-presf), pp. or a. 1. Pressed or 
squeezed together ; forced into a narrow or narrower 
compass ; embraced carnally. — 2. In botany, flatted ; hav- 
ing the two opposite sides plane or flat. 

GOM-PRESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being compress- 
ible ; the qualit/ of being capable of compression into a 
smaller space or compass. 

GOM-PRESS'1-BLE, a. Capable of being forced or driven 
into a narrower compass. 

€OM-PRESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Compressibility; the quality 
of being compressible. 

€OM-PRESS'ING, ppr. Pressing together. 

€OM-PRES'SION (kom-presh'un), n. 1. The act of com- 
pressing, or of pressing into a narrower compass ; the act 
of forcing the parts of a body into closer union or density, 
by the application of force. 2. The state of being com- 
pressed. 

€OM-PRESS'iVE, a. Having power to compress. 

COM-PRESS'URE, n. The act or force of one body press- 
ing against another ; pressure. 

tGOM'PRlEST, n. A fellow priest.— Milton. 

COM-PRINT, v. i. [See Print.] To print together. It is 
taken, in law, for the deceitful printing of another's copy, 
or book, to the prejudice of the proprietor. [Little used.] 

€OM'PRINT, n. The surreptitious printing of a work be- 
longingto another ; a work thus printed. — Smart. 

GOM-PRlS'AL, n. The act of comprising or comprehend- 
ing. — Barrow. 

GOM-PRlSE', v. t. [Fr. compris.] To comprehend, or in- 
clude within itself; as, the substance of a discourse may 
be comprised in a few words. — Syn. To embrace ; include ; 
comprehend ; contain ; encircle ; inclose ; involve ; imply. 

GOM-PRiS'.ED(kom-prizd'),#p. Comprehended; contained. 

GOM-PRlS'ING, ppr. Containing ; including ; comprehend- 
ing. 

GOM'PRO-BaTE, v. i. To agree in approving; to concur 
in testimony. — Elyot. 

GOM-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. comprobatio.] Proof; joint at- 
testation. [Little used.] 

COM'PRO-MlSE, n. [L. compromissum.] 1. A mutual prom- 
ise of parties in controversy, to refer their differences to 
the decision of arbitrators. 2. An amicable agreement be- 
tween parties in controversy, to settle their differences by 
mutual concessions. 3. Mutual agreement; adjustment. 

GOMTRO-MTSE, v. t. 1. To adjust and settle a difference by 
mutual agreement, with concessions of claims by the par- 
ties ; to compound. 2. To agree ; to accord. — Shalt. ; 
[obs.\ '•> To commit; to put to hazard; to pledge by 
some act or declaration ; as, to compromise the state ; to 
compromise one's honor. — Smart. [In this sense, see Com- 
promit.] 

GOM'PRO-MlSE, v. i. To agree ; to accord.— Fuller. 

GOM'PRO-MlS-ED (kom'pro-mizd), pp. Settled by agree- 
ment with mutual concessions. 

COM'PRO-MlS-ER, n. One who compromises. 

COMTRO-Mlffi-ING, ppr. Adjusting by agreement 

GOM-PRO-MIS-So'RI-AL, a. Relating to a compromise. 

GOM'PRO-MIT, v. t. [Fr. compromettre.] 1. To pledge or en- 
gage, by some act or declaration, which may not be a di- 
rect promise, but which renders necessary some future 
act. Hence, 2, to put to hazard by some previous act or 
measure, which can not be recalled. 

GOM'PRO MIT-ED, pp. Pledged by some previous act or 
declaration. 

GOM'PRO-MIT-ING, ppr. Pledging ; exposing to hazard. 

GOM-PRO-VIN'CIAL (-shal), n. One belonging to the same 
province or archiepiscopal jurisdiction. 

fGOMPT (kount), n. [Fr. compte.] Account; computation. 

tCOMPT, v. t. To compute. See Count. 

tGOMPT, a. [L. comptus.] Neat; spruce. 

tGOMPTI-BLE, a. Accountable; subject; submissive. 

fGOMPT'LY, adv. Neatly.— Sherwood. 

tGOMI'T'NE_SS, n. Neatness.— Sherwood. 

GOMPTON-lTE, n. A mineral from Vesuvius, the same 
as Thomsonite. 

GOMPTRoLL' (kon-troV). See Control, the true spelling. 

GOM-PUL'SA-TIVE, la. [L. compulsus.] Compelling; 

GOM-I'UL'SA-TO-RY, > forcing; constraining; operating 
by force. 



€OM-PUL'SA-TIVE-LY, adv. By constraint or compulsion. 

GOM-PUL'SION, n. [Low L. compulsio.] 1. The act of 
driving or urging by force, physical or moral; force ap- 
plied ; constraint of the will ; the application of a force 
that is irresistible. 2. The state of being compelled or 
urged by violence. 

COM-PUL'SlVE, a. Having power to compel; Iriving, 
forcing ; constraining ; applying force. 

GOM-PUL'Sf VE-LY, adv. By compulsion ; by force. 

GOM-PUL'SlVE-NESS, n, Force ; compulsion. 

GOM-PUL'SO-RI-LY, adv. In a compulsory manner; by 
force or constraint. 

GOM-PUL'SO-RY, a. Having the power or quality of com- 
pelling ; forcible ; driving by violence ; constraining. 

t€OM-PUN€T', a. Pricked; stimulated. 

GOM-PUNGTION, n. [L. compunctio.] 1. Literally, a prick 
ing ; stimulation , irritation ; [not used.] 2. A pricking of 
heart ; poignant grief or remorse, proceeding from a con- 
sciousness of guilt ; the sting of conscience proceeding 
from a conviction of having violated a moral duty. 

GOM-PUN€'TION-LESS, a. Not feeling compunction. 

GOM-PUNG'TIOUS (kom-punk'shus), a. Pricking the con- 
science ; giving pain for offenses committed. 

COM-PUNG'TiVE, a. Causing remorse, 

GOM-Pu'PIL, a. A fellow pupil. [Little used.] 

GOM-PUR-GI'TION, n. [L. compurgo.] In law, the act or 
practice of justifying a man by the oath of others, who 
swear to their belief of his veracity. 

GOM-PUR-Ga'TOR, n. One who bears testimony or sweara 
to the veracity or innocence of another. 

GOM-PuT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being computed, number- 
ed, or reckoned. 

t GOM'PU-TaTE, v. t. To account; to reckon.— Cockeram. 

GOM-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. computatio.] I. The act of com- 
puting, numbering, reckoning, or estimating ; the process 
by which different sums or particulars are numbered, es- 
timated, or compared. 2. The sum, quantity, or amount 
ascertained by computing or reckoning. — Syn. Reckon- 
ing ; calculation ; estimate ; account. 

GOM-PuTE', v. t. [L. computo.] 1. To cast up an account; 
to cast together several sums or particulars, to ascertain 
the amount, aggregate, or other result. 2. To cast or esti- 
mate in the mind; to estimate the amount by known or 
supposed data. — Syn. To number ; accouRt ; reckon ; cal- 
culate ; estimate ; enumerate ; rate. 

tCOM-PuTE', n. Computation.— Brown. 

COM-PuTED, pp. Counted ; numbered ; reckoned ; esti- 
mated. 

GOM-PuT'ER, n. One who computes ; a reckoner ; a cal- 
culator — Swift. 

GOM-POT'ING, ppr. Counting; numbering; reckoning; es- 
timating. 

f GOM'PU-TIST, n. A computer.— Wotton.—H. More. 

* GOM'RADE, n. [Fr. camarade.] A fellow ; a mate or com- 
panion ; an associate in occupation. 

GOM'RADE-SHIP, n. State of being comrades. 

t GOM'RoGUE, n. A fellow rogue. 

GON. [with or against.] A Latin inseparable preposition or 
prefix to other words. In compounds, it is changed into I 
before I, as in colligo, to collect ; and into m before a labial, 
as in comparo, to compare. Before a vewel or h, the n is 
dropped, as in coalesco, to coalesce, to co-operate ; cohibeo, 
to restrain. It denotes union, as in conjoin ; or opposition, 
as in conflict, contend. 

GON. [abbreviated from Latin contra, against.] In the 
phrase pro and con, for and against, con denotes the nega- 
tive side of a question. As a noun, a person who is in tha 
negative ; as, the pros and cons. 

GON, v. t. [Sax. cennan, connan, cunnan.] 1. To know ; 
[obs.] 2. To make one's self master of; to fix in the 
mind, or commit to memory ; as, to con a lesson Milton. 
— To con thanks, to be pleased or obliged, or to thank.— 
Shak; [obs.] 

■GON A-Mo'RE. [It] With love or pleasure. 

GO-NITUS. n. [L.] 1. Effort ; attempt. 2. The tendency 
of a body toward any point. — Paley. 

GON-GAM'ER-XTE, v. t. [L. concamero.] To arch over; 
to vault ; to lay a concave over. 

CON-CAM'ER-I-TED, pp. Arched over. 

GON-GAM-ER-a'TION, n. An arching; an arch cr vault; 
an arched chamber. 

GON-GATE-NITE, v. t. [It. concatenare.] To link together; 
to unite in a successive series or chain, as things depend- 
ing on each other. 

CON-GAT'E-NA-TED,£p. Linked together ; unitedin a series. 

GON-GATE-NI-TING, ppr. Linking together in a series. 

GON-GAT-E-NI'TION, n. A series of links united ; a suc- 
cessive series or order of things connected or depending 
on each other. 

tGON-GAUSE', n. Joint cause.— Fotherby. 

GON-GA-Va'TION, n. The act of making concave. 

GON'GaVE, a. [L. concavus.] 1. Hollow, and arched or 
rounded, as the inner surface of a spherical body ; opposed 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—ji, g, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOQX, 



CON 



205 



CON 



to convex. 2. Hollow, in a general sense; as, "the concave 
shores of the Tiber." Shak. — 3. In botany, a concave leaf 
is one whose edge stands above the disk. 
GON'GaVE, n. A hollow ; an arch or vault ; as, the ethereal 

concave. 
GON'GaVE, v. t. To make hollow.— Seward. 
GON'€aV£D, pp. Made hollow. 
CON'GaVE-NESS, n. Hollowness. 
CON'GIV-ING, ppr. Making hollow. 

GON-GAV'I-TY, n. [It. concavita.} Hollowness; the inter- 
nal surface of a hollow spherical body, or a body of other 
figure, or the space within such body. 
G'ON-Ga'VO-GON'GaVE, a. Concave or hollow on both 

surfaces. 
CON-Ga'VO-GON'VEX, a. Concave on one side, and con- 
vex on the other. 
GON-Ga'VOUS, a. [L. concavus.] Concave, which see. 
GON-€a'VOUS-LY, adv. With hollowness ; in a manner to 

discover the internal surface of a hollow sphere. 
GON-CeAL', v. t. [Low L. concelo.} 1. To keep close or se- 
cret ; to forbear to disclose ; to withhold from utterance 
or declaration ; as, to conceal one's thoughts. 2. To hide, 
withhold, or withdraw from observation ; to cover or keep 
from sight ; as, a mask conceals the face. — Syn. To hide ; 
secrete ; screen ; cover ; disguise ; dissemble. 
GON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be concealed, hid, or kept 

close. 
GON-CeAL'SD (kon-seeld'), pp. or a. Kept close or secret; 

hid ; withdrawn from sight ; covered. 
GON-CeAL'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be detected. 
tGON-CEAL'ED-NESS, n. State df being concealed; pri- 
. vacy;_obscurity. 
GON-CeAL'ER, n. One who conceals. 
GON-CeAL'ING, ppr. Keeping close or secret; forbearing 

to disclose ; hiding ; covering. 
GON-CeALTNG, n. A hiding; a withholding from disclosure. 
GON-CeAL'MENT, n. 1. Forbearance of disclosure ; a 
keeping close or secret. 2. The act of hiding, covering, 
or withdrawing from sight; as, concealment of one's face. 
A. The state of being hid or concealed; privacy; as, a 
pioject formed in concealment. 4. The place of hiding; a 
secret place ; as, to draw one forth from his concealment. — 
Syn. Secrecy ; disguise ; hiding; ; retreat ; hiding-place. 
CON-CEDE', v. t. [L. concedo.] To admit as true, just, or 
proper; to let pass undisputed. — Syn. To grant; allow; 
admit ; yield ; give up ; surrender. 
CON-CEDE', v. i. To admit ; to grant.— Bentley. 
GON-CeD'ED, pp. or a. Yielded; admitted; granted; as, a 

question, proposition, fact, or statement is conceded. 
GON-CeD'ING, ppr. Yielding; admitting; granting. 
CON-CeIT (kon-seep, n. [It. concetto.} 1. Conception; 
that which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind ; 
idea; thought; image. 2. Understanding; power or facul- 
ty of conceiving ; apprehension ; as, a man of quick con- 
ceit ; [nearly antiquated.} 3. Opinion ; notion ; fancy ; 
imagination ; fantastic notion ; as, a strange or odd conceit. 
4. Pleasant fancy ; gayety of imagination. 5. Affected or 
unnatural conception; as, "some to conceit alone their 
works confine." — Pope. 6. Favorable or self-flattering 
opinion ; a lofty or vain conception of one's own person 
or accomplishments. — Out of conceit with, not having a 
favorable opinion of; no longer pleased with. 
GON-CeIT, v. t. To conceive ; to imagine ; to think ; to 

fancy. _ 
tGON-CElT, v. i. To form a notion; to conceive. 
GON-CeITED, pp. 1. Conceived ; imagined , fancied. 2. 
"part. a. Endowed with fancy or imagination ; [obs.} 3. a. 
Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; having a 
vain or too high conception of one's own person or ac- 
complishments. — Syn. Vain , proud ; opinionated ; ego- 
tistical. 
GON-CEITED-LY, adv. In a conceited manner; fancifully; 

whimsically. 
GON-CEIT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being- conceited ; con- 
ceit; vanity; an overweening fondness of one's own per- 
eon or endowments. 
fCON-CElTLESS, a. Of dull conception ; stupid ; dull of 

apprehension. — Shak. 
GON-CeIVA-BLE, a. [Fr. concemble.} 1. That may be 
imagined or thought ; capable of bein? framed in the 
mind by the fancy or imagination. 2. That may be un- 
derstood or believed. 
BON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being conceivable. 
eON-CElV'A-BLY, adv. In a conceivable or intelligible 

manner. 
GON-CeIVE' (kon-seeve'), v. t [Fr. concevoir.} 1. To re- 
ceive irio the womb, and breed ; to begin the formation 
of the embryo or fetus of an animal. 2. To form a con- 
ception in the mind ; to imagine. 3. To form a full idea 
Sn the mind ; to comprehend ; as, I can not conceive how 
that can be. 4. To have an opinion or belief ; to think. — 
Syn. To apprehend ; imagine ; suppose ; understand ; 
comprehend; believe; think. 



GON-CeIVE'. v: i. 1. To have a fetus formed in the womo ,' 
to breed ; to become pregnant. 2. To have a conception 
or idea. 3. To understand ; to comprehend ; to have a 
complete idea of. 

GON-CeIVED (kon-seevd"), pp. Formed in the womb ; 
frame_d in the mind ; devised ; imagined ; understood. 

GON-CeIV'ER, n. One who conceives ; one who compre- 
hends. 

GON-CeIVTNG, ppr. Forming a fetus in the womb ; fram- 
ing in the mind ; imagining ; devising ; thinking ; compre- 
hending. 

GON-CeIV'ING, n. Apprehension; conception. 

t CON-CEL'E-BRITE, v. t. To celebrate together. 

GON-CENT, n. [L. concentus.} 1. Concert of voices ; con 
cord of sounds ; harmony. 2. Consistency ; accordance. 

GON-CENT'ED, part. a. Made to accord.— Spenser. 

GON-CEN'TER, > v. i. [Fr. concentrer.} To come to a point, 

GON-CEN'TRE, 3 or to meet in a common center ; [used 
of converging lines, or other things that meet in a point.} 

GON-CEN'TER, 1 v. t. To draw or direct to a common cen- 

GON-CEN'TRE, ) ter ; to bring to a point, as two or more 
lines or other things. 

GON-CEN'TERED, )pp. Brought to a common center . 

CON-CENTRED, 5 united in a point 

GON-CEN'TER-ING, \ppr. Tending to a common center , 

GON-CEN'TRING, 5 bringing to a center. 

GON-CENTFUL, a. Harmonious.— Fotherby. 

GON-CEN'TRaTE, v. t. 1. To bring to a common center, 
or to a closer union ; to bring nearer to each other. 2. 
To increase the specific gravity of bodies. 3. To free from 
extraneous matter ; as, to concentrate an acid. 

GON-CEN'TRl-TED, pp. or a. Brought to a point or cen- 
ter ; brought to a closer union ; reduced to a narrow com- 
pass ; collected into a closer body. 

GON-CEN'TRa-TING, ppr. Bringing to a point, or to closer 
union ; collecting into a closer body or narrow coir 
pass. 

GON-CEN-TRa'TION, n. The act of concentrating ; the act 
of bringing nearer together ; collection into a central point ; 
compression into a narrow space; the state of being 
brought to a point. — In chemistry, the act of volatilizing 
part of a liquid in order to strengthen the remainder. 

GON-CEN'TRA-TIVE-NESS, n. Among phrenologists, the 
power or faculty of concentrating the intellectual force. 

GON-CEN'TRIG, a. [It. concentrico.} Having a common 
center. 

GON-CEN'TRIG-AL-LY, adv. In a concentric manner. 

CON-CEN-TRIC'I-TY, n. State of being concentric. 

CON-CENT'U-AL, a. Harmonious ; accordant. 

GON-CEP'TA-GLE, n. [L. conccptaculum.} 1. That in which 
any thing is contained ; a vessel ; a receiver or receptacle 
— 2. In botany, a follicle ; a pericarp of one valve, opening 
longitudinally on one side, and having the seeds loose in it 
The term has also been applied to a case containing thf 
reproductive organs of such plants as ferns. 

tCON-CEP'TI-BLE, a. That may be conceived; conceiv 
able; intelligible. 

CON-CEPTION, n. [L. conception 1. The act of conceiv 
ing ; the first formation of the embryo or fetus of an ani 
mal. 2. The state of being conceived. — 3. In pneumatol 
ogy, apprehension of any thing by the mind ; the act of 
conceiving in the mind. 4. Conception may be sometimes 
used for the power of conceiving ideas, as when we say, 
a thing is not within our conception. 5. Purpose conceived ; 
conception with reference to the performance of an act ; 
as, "note his dangerous conception in this point." — Shak.; 
[obs.} 6. View or opinion; as, these are my conceptions 
on that subject. 7. Conceit ; affected sentiment or thought 
[rare.]— Syn. Notion; idea; image; thought; apprehen 
sion; sentiment; view. 

t GON-CEP'TIOUS (-sep'shus), n. Apt to conceive ; fruitful ; 
pregnant. — Shak. 

GON-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of conceiving.— Brown. ^Lit- 
tle used.} , 

GON-CEPTU-AL-IST, n. One who maintains that concep 
tions are the only universals in philosophy. — J. Murdoch. 

GON-CERN', v. t. [Fr. concerner.) 1. To relate or belong 
to. 2. To relate or belong to in an emphatical manner ; 
to affect the interest of; to be of importance to. 3. To 
interest or affect the passions ; to take an interest in ; to 
engage by feeling or sentiment. 4. To disturb ; to make 
uneasy ; [little used.} 5. To intermeddle ; as, to concern 
ourselves with the affairs of our neighbors. 

GON-CERN', n. 1. That which relates or belongs to one 
business ; affair. 2. Interest ; importance , moment ; that 
which affects the welfare or happiness ; as, a matter of 
great concern. 3. Affection; regard; careful regard; soli 
citude ; anxiety. 4. Persons connected in business ; or 
their affairs in general; as, the whole concern must be 
consulted. 

GON-CERN'ED (kon-sernd'). pp. or a. 1. Interested ; eu 
gaged; having a connection with that which may affect 
the interest, welfare, or happiness. 2. Interested in busi 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t 'Obsokie 



CON 



206 



COiN 



ness 5 having connection in business. 3. Regarding with 
care ; solicitous ; anxious. 

CON-CERN'ED-LY, adv. With affection or interest. 

CON-CERN'ING, ppr. [commonly, but not correctly, classed 
among prepositions.] Pertaining to ; regarding ; having 
relation to. 
€ON-CERN'ING, n, Business.— Shaft. 

eON-CERN'MENT, n. 1. The thing in which one is con- 
cerned or interested ; concern ; affair ; business ; interest. 
2. A particular bearing upon the interest or bappiness of 
one ; importance ; moment. 3. Concern ; interposition ; 
meddling. 4. Emotion of mind; solicitude. 

CON-CERT', v. t. [It. concertare.] To frame by. mutual com- 
munication of opinions or propositions. — Syn. To con- 
trive ; arrange ; settle ; adjust. 

CON'CERT, n. 1. Agreement of two or more in a design 
or plan ; union formed by mutual communication of opin- 
ions and views ; accordance in a scheme ; harmony. 2. 
A number or company of musicians, playing or singing 
the same piece of music at the same time ; or the music 
of a company of players or singers, or of both united. 3. 
A singing in company. 4. Accordance ; harmony. 

CON'CERT-PITCH, n. The pitch or degree of elevation 
generally adopted for a given note, and by which the other 
notes are governed. — Pen. Cyc. 

CON-CERT-A'TION, n. Strife ; contention. [Little used.] 

tCON-CERTA-TIVE, a. Contentious; quarrelsome.— Diet. 

CON-CERT'ED, pp. or a. Mutually contrived or planned. 

€ON-CERT'ING, ppr. Contriving together. 

CON-CERTO, n. [It.] A piece of music composed for a 
particular instrument which bears the greatest part in it, 
or in which the performance is partly alone and partly ac- 
companied by other parts. — Brande. 

CON-CES'SION (kon-sesh'un), n. [L. concessio.] 1. The 
act of granting or yielding. 2. The thing yielded.— 3. In 
rhetoric or debate, the yielding, granting, or allowing to the 
opposite party some point or fact that may bear dispute, 
with a view to obtain something which can not be denied, 
or to show that, even admitting the point conceded, the 
cause is not with the adverse party, but can be maintained 
by the advocate on other grounds. 4. Acknowledgment 
by way of apology ; confession of a fault. 

€ON-CES'SION-A-RY, a. Yielding by indulgence or allow- 
ance. 

GON-CES'SION-IST, n. One who is in favor of making 
concessions. 

CON-CES'SlVE, a. Implying concession. 

CON-CES'Sl VE-LY, adv. By way of concession or yielding ; 
by way of admitting what may be disputable. — Brown. 

€ON-CES'SO-RY, a. Conceding; yielding. 

fCON-CETTO, n. [It. J Affected wit; conceit [Not Eng- 
lish.] 

CONCH (konk), n. [L. conclia,] A marine shell. 

CONCH'I-FER (konk'e-fer), n. [L. concha and fero.] An 
animal that is covered with a shell ; applied particularly 
to bivalve mollusks. — Cuvier. — Kirby. 

CONCH-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or having shells. 

CONCH'iTE, n. A fossil or petrified conch or shell. 

CONCH'OID (konk'oid), n. [conch, and Gr. ados.] The 
name of a curve, given to it by its inventor, Nicomedes. 

CONCH-OID'AL (konk-oid'al), a. In mineralogy, a term 
applied to surfaces produced by fracture, having curved 
elevations and depressions like those in bivalve shells. A 
fracture of this kind is termed conchoidal. 

CONCH-O-LOgTC-AL, a. Pertaining to conchology. 

CONCH-OL'O-GIST, n. One versed in the natural history 
of shells; one who studies the nature, properties, and 
habits of shells and their included animals. 

CONCH-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. Koyxn and Xoyos.] The doctrine 
or science of shells and the animals that inhabit them. 

CONCH-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Koyxn and ixerpEw.] An instru- 
ment for measuring shells. 

CONCH- YL-I-I'CEOUS (-shus), a. Pertaining to shells ; re- 
sembling a shell. 

CONCH-YL-I-OL'O-GlST, \ See Conchologist and Conch- 

CONCH-YL-I-OL'O-OY. 5 ology. 

CONCH- YL-I-OM'E-TRY, n. [L. conchylium, and Gr. ^erpov.] 
The art or science of taking the measurement of shells or 
their curves. 

CONCH-YL'I-OUS, a. Of the nature or species of shells. 

€ON'C1a-TOR, n. In glass-works, the person who weighs 
and proportions the salt on ashes and sand, and who works 
and tempers them. 

€ON-CIERgE (kon-sarj'), ti. [Fr.] The keeper of a prison, 
a palace, &c. 

\ €ON-CIL'I-A-BLE, n. [L. conciliabulum.] A small assem- 
bly. — Bacon. 

CON-CIL'IAR a. Pertaining or relating to a council. [Rare.] 

CON-CIL'I-ITE (kon-sil'e-ate), v. t. [L. concilio.] 1. To 
lead or draw to, by moral influence or power ; as, to con- 
ciliate favor or affection. 2. To reconcile, or bring to a 
state of friendship, as persons at variance. — Syn. To win ; 
gain ; engage ; propitiate ; reconcile ; appease. 



CON-CIL'I-X-TED, pp. Won : gained , engaged by mora} 

influence.as by favor or affection ; reconciled. 
CON-CIL'I-A-TING, ppr. 1. Winning; engaging; reconcil- 
ing. 2. a. Winning ; having the quality of gaining favor. 
CON-CIL-I-A'TION, n. The act of winning or gaining, as en 

teem, favor, or affection ; reconciliation. 
CON-CIL'I-A-TOR, n. One who conciliates or reconciles. 
CON-CIL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Tending to conciliate or recon 
cile ; tending to make peace between persons at varianca 
— Syn. Kind ; pacific ; winning ; engaging ; affectionate. 
ICON-CINNaTE, v. t. To make fit.— Cocker am. 
€ON-CIM'NI-TY, n. [L. concinnitas.] 1. Fitness ; suitable 

ness ; neatness ; [little used.] 2. A jingling of words. 
CON-CIN'NOUS, a. [L. concinnus.] Fit; suitable; agreea 

ble ; becoming ; pleasant. 
■eON'CI-0 AD €LE'RUM (kon'she-o-). [L.] A sermon to 

the clergy, 
t CON'CIO-Ni-TOR, n. A preacher. 
CON'CIO-NA-TO-RY, a. [L. concionatorius.] Pertaining to 

preaching, or discourses to public assemblies. 
CON-ClSE', a. [L. concisus.] Literally, cut off; hence, in 
application to language, containing few words; compre- 
hending much in lew words, or the principal matters only. 
— Syn. Brief; short; compendious; comprehensive; sum- 
maryj succinct ; laconic. 
CON-ClSE'LY, advt Briefly; in few words; comprehen- 
sively. 
CON-CISE'NESS, n. Brevity in speaking or writing. 
CON-ClS'ION (kon-sizh'un), n. [Low L. concisio.] Literal- 
ly, a cutting off. Hence, in Scripture, the Jews, or those 
who adhered to circumcision. 
CON-CI-TITION, n. [L. concitatio.] The act of stirring up, 

exciting, or putting in motion, 
t CON-ClTE', v. t. [L. concito.] To excite. 
CON-CITED, pp. Excited. 
CON-CITING, ppr. Exciting. 
€ON-CITI-Z£N (-sit'e-zn), n. A fellow-citizen. 
CON-CLA-Ma'TION, n. [L. conclamatio.] An outcry or 

shout of many together. 
CON'CLaVE, n. [L. conclave.] Literally, that which is 
locked up with a key. Hence, 1. A private apartment 
particularly the room in which the cardinals of the Roman 
Catholic Church are locked up in privacy, for the election 
of a pope. 2. The assembly or meeting of the cardinals, 
shut up for the election of a pope. 3. A private meeting ; 
a close assembly. 
CON'CLA-VIST, n. An attendant whom a cardinal takes 

with him into the conclave for choosing a pope. 
CON-CL0DE', v. t. [L. concludo.] 1. To shut up ; [obs.] £ 
To include ; to comprehend ; as, " God hath concluded 
them all in unbelief ;" [obs.] 3. To collect by reasoning, 
to infer, as from premises ; to close an argument by in- 
ferring. 4. To determine ; to make a final judgment or 
determination. 5. To bring to a conclusion or end. 6 
To stop or restrain ; or, as in law, to estop from further 
argument or proceedings ; to oblige or bind. — Syn. To 
infer ; decide ; determine ; close ; finish ; terminate ; end 
CON-CLuDE', v. i. 1. To infer, as a consequence ; to deter 
mine. 2. To settle opinion ; to form a final judgment 3 
To end_. 
CON-CLuD'ED, pp. Shut; ended; finished; determined, 

inferred ; comprehended ; stopped, or bound. 
€ON-€LuD'EN-CY, n. Inference; logical deduction from 

premises. 
CON-CLuD'ENT, a. Bringing to a close ; decisive. 
CON-CLuD'ER, n. One who concludes. 
CON-CLuD'ING, ppr. 1. Shutting; ending; determining 
inferring ; comprehending. 2. a. Final ; ending ; closing , 
as, the concluding sentence of an essay. 
CON-CLuDTNG-LY, adv. Conclusively; with incontrovert- 
ible evidence. [Little used.] 
CON-CLu'SI-BLE, a. That may be concluded or inferred 

determinable. [Little used.] 
CON-CLu'SION (kon-klu'zhun), n. [L. conclusion 1. End 
close ; the last part. 2. The close of an argument, de 
bate, or reasoning ; inference that ends the discussion ; 
final result. 3. Determination ; final decision. 4. Conse- 
quence ; inference ; that which is collected or drawn from 
premises ; particular deduction from propositions, facts, 
experience, or reasoning. 5. The event of experiments ; 
experiment ; [little used.] 6. Confinement of the thoughts ; 
silence ; [not used.] 
t COIS-CLU'SION-AL, a. Concluding.— Hooper. 
CON-CLu'SlVE, a. [It. conclusivo.] 1. Decisive ; giving 9 
final determination ; precluding a further act ; concludutj 
the question ; putting an end to debate ; as, a conclusive 
argument, a conclusive answer. 2. Regularly consequential 
— Syn. Final ; convincing ; satisfactory. 
€ON-CLu'SlVE-LY, adv. Decisively; with final determi 

nation. 
CON-CLu'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being conclusive 
or decisive ; the power of determining the opinion, or <f 
settling a question. 



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207 



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t>ON-GLfJ'SO-RY, a. Conclusive. 

GON-CO-AG'U-LITE, v. t. To curdle or congeal one thing 
with another. 

GON-CO-AG'U-La-TED,£/>. Curdled; concreted. 

GON-CO-AG'U-La-TING, ppr. Concreting; curdling. 

CON-CO-AG-U-LI'TION, n. A coagulating together, as dif- 
ferent substances, or bodies, in one mass. Crystallization 
of different salts in the same menstruum. 

CON-GOCT, v. t. [L. concoquo, concoctum.] 1. To digest by 
the stomach, so as to turn food to chyle or mitriment. 2. 
To purify or sublime ; to refine by separating the gross or 
extraneous matter. 3. To ripen. Bacon ; [obs.] — 4. Fig- 
uratively, to form and prepare in the mind ; as, to concoct 
a scheme. 

GON-COGTED. pp. or a. Digested ; purified ; ripened. 

€ON-€0€T"ER, n. A person who concocts. 

CON-GOCTING, ppr. Digesting; purifying; ripening. 

CON-GOCTION, n. [L. concoctio.] 1. Digestion or solution 
in the stomach ; the process by which food is turned into 
chyle. 2. Maturation ; the process by which morbid mat- 
ter i3 separated from the blood or humors, or otherwise 
changed and prepared to be thrown off. 3. A ripening ; 
the acceleration of any thing toward perfection. 

GON-COGTIVE, a. Digesting; having the power of digest- 
ing or ripening. 

t €ON-€6L'OR (-kullur), a. Of one color.— Brown. 

€ON-€OM'I-TANCE, In. [L. con and comitor.] A being to- 

GON-COM'I-TAN-CY, > gether, or in connection with an- 
other thing. 

€ON-€OM'I-TANT, a. Accompanying ; conjoined with ; 
concurrent; attending. 

GON-COM'I-TANT, n. A companion ; a person or thing 
that accompanies another, or is collaterally connected. 

CON-COM'I-TANT-LY, adv. In company with others. 

t GON-GOM'I-TaTE, v. t. To accompany or attend; to be 
collaterally connected. — Harvey. 

GON'GORD, n. [Fr. Concorde ; L. concordia.] 1. Agreement 
between persons; union in opinions, sentiments, views, 
or interests; peace; harmony. 2. Agreement between 
things ; suitableness ; harmony. — 3. In music, concent of 
sounds ; harmony ; the relation between two or more 
sounds which are agreeable to the ear. [See Chord.] 4. A 
compact ; an agreement by stipulation ; treaty. — 5. In law, 
an agreement between the parties in a fine, made by leave 
of the court. — 6. In grammar, agreement of words in con- 
struction. — Form of concord, in ecclesiastical history, is a 
book among the Lutherans containing a system of doc- 
trines to be subscribed as a condition of communion, com- 
posed at Torgau in 1576. 

\ CON-CORD', v. i. To agree.— Lord Clarendon. 

€ON-€ORD'A-BLE, a. That may accord ; agreeing ; har- 
monious. 

€ON-€ORD'A-BLY, adv. With agreement.— Rogers. 

€ON-€ORDANCE, n. [Fr. concordance.} 1. Agreement— 
2. In grammar, concord ; [not used.] 3. A dictionary or 
index, in which all the principal words used in the Scrip- 
tures are arranged alphabetically, and the book, chapter, 
and verse in which each word occurs are noted. 

GON-CORD'AN-CY, n. Agreement. 

GON-CORDANT, a. Agreeing ; agreeable ; correspondent ; 
harmonious. 

€ON-€ORDANT, n. That which is accordant 

CON-CORD ANT-LY, adv. In conjunction. 

€ON-€ORD'AT, n. 1. An agreement made by a temporal 
sovereign with the pope relative to ecclesiastical matters. 
—2. In the canon law, a compact, covenant, or agreement 
concerning some beneficiary matter, as a resignation, per- 
mutation, promotion, and the like. 

CON-CORD'IST, n. The compiler of a concordance.— 
Christian Observer. 

t GON-COR'PO-RAL, a. Of the same body.— Diet. 

€ON-€ORTO-RaTE, v. t. [L. concorporo.] To unite differ- 
ent things in one mass or body ; to incorporate. [Rare.] 

CON-CORTO-RiTE, v. i. To unite in one mass or body. 

€ON-€OR'PO-Ra-TED, pp. United in a mass or body. 

CON-CORTO-RI-TING, ppr. Uniting in a mass or body. 

CON-COR-PO-RI'TION, n. Union of things in one mass or 
body._ 

eON'CoURSE n. [Fr. concours.] 1. A moving, flowing, or 
running together ; confluence. 2. A meeting ; an assem- 
bly of men ; an assemblage of things ; a collection formed 
by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting in one 
place. 3. The place or point of meeting, or a meeting ; the 
point of junction of two bodies. — Newton. 

GON-CRE-ITE', v. t. To create with, or at the same time. 

GON-CRE-aTED, pp. or a. Created at the same time, or in 
union with. 

\ GON-GREDIT, v. t. To intrust.— Barrow. 
GON-CRE-Ma'TION, n. [L. concremo.] The act of burning 

different things together. [Little used.] 
CON'GRE-MENT, n. [Low L. concrementum.] A growing 

together ; the mass formed by concretion. — Hale. 
GON-CRES'CENCE, n. [L. concrescentia.] Growth or in- 



crease . the act of growing or increasing by spontaneout 
union, or the coalescence of separate particles.— Raleigh. 

CON-CREti'CI-BLE, a. Capable of concreting; that may 
congeal or be changed from a liquid to a solid state. 

CONCRETE, a. [L.coucretus.] 1. Literally, united in growth. 
Hence, formed by coalition of separate particles in one 
body ; consistent in a mass ; united in a solid form.-- 2. In 
logic, existing in a subject ; not abstract ; as, white snr. w ; a 
fool. Here white and fool are concrete terms. A concrete 
number expresses or denotes a particular subject ; as, three 
men. — 3. In phonology, a concrete sound or movement of 
the voice, is one which rises or falls by a continuous slide, 
either up or down, as distinguished from a discrete move- 
ment, in which the voice leaps at once from one line of 
pitch to another. 

CON'CReTE, n. 1. A compound ; a mass formed by con- 
cretion. — 2. In philosophy, a mass or compound body, 
made up of dhferent ingredients ; a mixed body or mass. 
— 3. In logic, a concrete term ; a term that includes both 
the quality and the subject in which it exists. — I. In urchi- 
tecture, a mass of stone chippings, pebbks, &c, cemented 
by mortar, laid at the foundation of walls in spongy soils 
— Brande. 

GON-GReTE', v. i. To unite or coalesce, as separate parti 
cles, into a mass or solid body, chiefly by spontaneous co- 
hesion, or other natural process. 

CON-CReTE', v. t. To form a mass by the cohesion or co- 
alescence of separate particles. 

CON-€RE'f'ED,£p. or a. United into a solid mass; con- 
gealed ;_ inspissated ; clotted. 

GON-GReTE'LY, adv. In a concrete manner ; in a manner 
to include the subject with the predicate ; not abstractly 
— Norris. 

CON-CReTE'NESS, n. A state of being concrete ; coagu- 
lation. 

GON-GReTTNG, ppr. Coalescing or congealing in a mass ; 
becoming thick ; making solid. 

CON-CRE'TION, n. 1. The act of concreting; the process 
by which soft or fluid bodies become thick, consistent, 
solid, or hard. 2. The mass or solid matter formed by 
growing together, by congelation, condensation, coagula- 
tion, or induration ; a clot ; a lump. 

CON-CRe'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to concretion. 

GON-GRe'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to, made up of, or 
producing concretions. 

GON-GRe'TiVE, a. Causing to concrete ; having power to 
produce concretion ; tending to form a solid mass from 
separate jparticles. 

t GON-CRe'TUPlE, n. A mass formed by concretion. 

t GON-GREW, v. i. To grow together.— Spenset . 

GON-GRIM-IN-a'TION, n. A joint accusation. 

GON-Gu'BIN-AgE, n. [Fr.] The act or practice of cohabit- 
ing, as man and woman, in sexual commerce, without the 
authority of law, or a legal marriage. 

GON-Gu'BIN-AL, a. Pertaining to concubinage. 

t GON-Gu'BIN-A-RY, a. Relating to concubinage. 

GON-Gu'BIN-A-RY, n. One who indulges in concubinage 

t CON-Cu'BIN-ATE, n. Whoredom ; lewdness. 

GON'GU-BlNE (konk'yu-bin), n. [Fr. ; L. concubina.] 1. A 
woman who cohabits with a man, without the authority 
of a legal marriage ; a woman kept for lewd purposes ; a 
kept mistress. 2. A wife of inferior condition ; a lawful 
wife, but not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, 
and of inferior condition. 

GON-GUL'GaTE, v. t. [L. conculco.} To tread on ; to tram- 
ple under foot. — Montagu. 

CON-GUL'Ga-TED, pp. Trampled on. 

GON-GUL'Ga-TING, ppr. Treading on. 

GON-GUL-Ga'TION, 7i. A trampling under foot [Rare.] 

GON-Gu'PIS-CENCE, n. [L. concupiscentia.] Lust ; unlaw 
ful or irregular desire of sexual pleasure ; inclination for 
unlawful enjoyments. 

CON-Gu'PIS-CENT, a. Desirous of unlawful pleasure; li 
bidinous. 

t GON-GU-PIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Relating to concupiscence. 

GON-GO'PIS-CI-BLE, a. Exciting or impelling to the en- 
joyment of carnal pleasure ; inclining to the attainment o< 
pleasure or good. 

CON-CUR', v. i. [L. concurro.] 1. To meet in the same 
point ; as, reason and sense concur. 2. To join or unite, 
as in one action or opinion ; to meet, mind with mind ; as, 
the two houses concur. 3. To unite or be conjoined, with 
the consequential sense of aiding or contributing power or 
influence to a common object ; as, many causes concur to 
produce this result. — Syn. To agree; unite; combine ; 
conspire ; coincide ; approve. 

GON-GURRENCE, n. 1. A meeting or coming together ; 
union ; conjunction. 2. A meeting of minds ; agreement 
in opinion ; union in design ; implying joint approbation. 
3. A meeting or conjunction, whether casual or intended , 
combination of agents, circumstances, or events. 4. Agree- 
ment; consent; approbation. 5. Agreement or consent, 
implying joint aid or contribution of power or influence. 



rxWE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VJ"CIOUS.— G as K ; <J as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoleU. 



CON 



208 



COJS 



6. A meeting, as of cairns, or power ; joint rights ; imply- 
ing equality in different persons or bodies. 

CON-GUR'REN-CY, n. The same as concurrence; but little 
used. 

CON-CURRENT, a. 1. Acting in conjunction ; agreeing in 
the same act ; contributing to the same event or effect ; 
operating with. 2. Denoting union or concomitance. 3. 
Joint and equal; existing together, and operating on the 
same objects. — Syn. Meeting ; uniting ; accompanying ; 
conjoined ; associated ; coincident ; united. 

€ON-€UR'RENT, n. That which concurs ; joint or con- 
tributory cause. 

€ON-€UR'RENT-LY, adv. With concurrence ; unitedly. 

GON-GUR'RING, ppr. or a. Meeting in the same point ; 
agreeing; running or acting together; uniting in action; 
contributing to the same event or effect ; consenting. 

CON-GUS-Sa'TION, n. [See Concussion.] A violent shock 
or agitation. 

CON-GUS'S£D (kon-kustf), a. Shaken.— Cockeram. 

GON.GUS'SION (kon-kush'un), n. [L. concussio.] 1. The act 
of shaking, particularly and properly, by the stroke or im- 
pulse of another body. 2. The state of being shaken ; a 
shock ; as, the concussion of the brain by a stroke. It is 
used, also, for shaking or agitation in general. 

GON-GUS'Si VE, a. Having the power or quality of shaking. 
— Johnson. 

COND, v. t. [Fr. conduire.] In seamen's language, to con- 
duct a ship ; to direct the man at the helm how to steer. 

GON-DEMN' (kon-dem'), v. t. [L. condemno.] 1. To pro- 
nounce to be utterly wrong ; to utter a sentence of disap- 
probation against; to censure; to blame. 2. To deter- 
mine or judge to be wrong, or guilty ; to disallow ; to dis- 
approve. 3. To witness against ; to show or prove to be 
wrong, or guilty, by a contrary practice. 4. To pronounce 
to be guilty ; to sentence to punishment ; to utter sentence 
against judicially ; to doom. 5. To doom or sentence to 
pay a fine ; to fine. 6. To judge or pronounce to be unfit 
for use or service ; as, to condemn a ship as not sea- worthy. 

7. To judge or pronounce to be forfeited; as, to condemn 
a prize. — Syn. To blame ; censure ; reprove ; reproach ; 
upbraid; reprobate; doom; sentence; adjudge. 

CON-DEM'N A-BLE, a. That may be condemned ; blamable ; 
culpable. — Broum. 

CON-DEM-Na'TION, n. [L. condemnation 1. The act of 
condemning ; the judicial act of declaring one guilty, and 
dooming him to punishment. 2. The state of being con- 
demned. 3. The cause or reason of a sentence of con- 
demnation. — John, iii. 

GON-DEM'NA-TO-RY, a. Condemning ; bearing condem- 
nation or censure. 

CON-DEM'NJSD (kon-demd'), pp. or a. Censured ; pro- 
nounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited ; ad- 
judged or sentenced to punishment. 

GON-DEM'NER, n. One who condemns or censures. 

CON-DEM'NING, ppr. or a. Censuring ; disallowing ; pro- 
nouncing to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited ; sen- 
tencing to punishment. 

CON-DENSA-BLE, a. Capable of being condensed ; that 
may be compressed into a smaller compass, and into a 
more close, compact state. 

GON-DENS'aTE, v. t. To condense ; to compress into a 
closer form ; to cause to take a more compact state ; to 
make more dense. 

€ON-DENS'aTE, v. i. To become more dense, close, or 
hard. 

GON-DENS'aTE, a. Made dense ; condensed ; made more 
close or compact. 

GON-DENS'a-TED, pp. Condensed ; made more compact. 

GON-DENS'a-TING, ppr. Making more close or compact. 

GON-DEN-SITION, a. [L. condensation The act of making 
more dense or compact ; or the act of causing the parts 
that compose a body to approach or unite more closely, 
either by mechanical pressure, or by a natural process ; 
the state of being condensed. 

GON-DENS'A-TlVE, a. Having a power or tendency to 
condense. 

CON-DENSE' (ken-dens'), v. t. [L. condenso.] 1. To make 
more close, thick, or compact ; to cause the particles of a 
body to approach, or to unite more closely, either by their 
own attraction or affinity, or by mechanical force. 2. To 
make thick; to inspissate. 3. To reduce into a smaller 
compass, or into a close body. — Syn. To compress ; con- 
tract ; crowd ; thicken ; constipate. 
CON-DENSE' (ken-dens'), v. i. To become close, or more 
compact, as the particles of a body ; to approach or unite 
more closely ; to grow thick. 

CON-DENSE' (kon-dens'), a. Close in texture or compo- 
sition ; Cv/mpact ; firm ; dense ; condensated. See Dense, 
which is generally used. 
CON-DENS' JED (kon-denstf), pp. or a. Made dense, or more 
close in parts; made or become compact; compressed 
into a narrower compass. 
GON-DENS'ER, n. 1. A pneumatic engine or syringe, in 



which air or other elastic fluid may be compressed. 2. A 
vessel, or part of machinery, in which aqueous or spirit 
uous vapors are reduced to a liquid form. 

GON-DENS'ING, pvr. or a. Making more close or compact 

GON-DENS'I-TY, n. The state of being condensed ; dense- 
ness ; density. [The latter are generally used.] 

GOND'ER, n. [Fr. conduire.] 1. A person who stands upon 
a cliff, or elevated part of the sea-coast, in the time of the 
herring fishery, to point out to the fishermen, by signs, the 
course of the shoals of fish. 2. One who gives directions 
to a helmsman how to steer the ship. 

t GON-DE-SCENCE', n. Descent from superiority.— Puller. 

GON-DE-SCEND', v. i. [It. condescendere.] 1. To descend 
from the privileges of superior rank or dignity ; to submit 
or yield, as to an inferior. 2. To recede from one's rights 
in negotiation, or common intercourse ; to do some act 
which strict justice does not i equire. 3. To stoop or de- 
scend ; implying a relinquishment of rank, or dignity of 
character, and sometimes a sinking into debasement — 
Syn. To yield ; submit ; stoop ; descend ; deign ; vouch- 

GON-DE-SCEND'ENCE, n, A voluntary yielding or sub 
mission to an inferior. 

GON-DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. 1. Descending from rank or 
distinction in the intercourse of life ; receding from rights 
or claims ; yielding. 2. a. Yielding to inferiors ; courte- 
ous ; obliging. 

GON-DE-SCEND'ING-LY, adv. By way of yielding to infe- 
riors ; with voluntary submission ; by way of kind coa- 
cession ; courteously. 

GON-DE-SCEN'SION, n. Voluntary descent from rank, 
dignity, or just claims ; relinquishment of strict right ; 
submission to inferiors in granting requests or performing 
acts which strict justice does not require. — Syn. Complai 
sance ; courtesy ; affability. 

GON-DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Condescending; courteous. 

t CON-DE-SCENT', n. Condescension.— Bishop Hall. 

GON-DlGN' (kon-dineO, a. [L. condignus.] Deserved ; wor- 
thy ; merited ; suitable ; applied, at present, only to pun 
ishment, though Spenser speaks of " condign praise." 

GON-DIG'NI-TY, n. Merit ; desert.— In school divinity, the 
merit of human actions which claims reward on the scor< 
of justice. 

GON-DlGN'LY (kon-dinely), adv. According to merit. 

GON-DlGN'NESS (kon-dine'nes), n. Agreeableness to de 
serts ; suitableness. 

GON'DI-MENT, n. [L. condimentum.] Seasoning ; sauce ; 
that which is used to give relish to meat or other food, 
and to gratify the taste. 

GON-DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. condiscipulus.] A school-fellow , 
a learner in the same school, or under the same instructor. 

GON-DlTE', v. t. [L. condio, conditum.] To prepare and 
preserve with sugar, salt, spices, or the like ; to pickle. — 
Taylor. [Little used.] 

GON-DlTE'MENT, n. A composition of conserves, pow- 
ders, and spices, in the form of an electuary. [Rare.] 

GON-DlT'ING, ppr. Preserving. [Little used.] 

€ON-DI"TION (kon-dish'un), n. [L. conditio.] 1. State ; a 
particular mode of being ; [applied to external circumstan- 
ces, to the body, to the mind, and to things.] 2. State in 
respect to quality, properties, attributes ; as, it is a condi- 
tion of our being that we are liable to suffering. 3. State 
of the mind ; temper ; temperament ; complexion. 4. 
Moral quality ; virtue or vice. 5. Rank, that is, state with 
respect to the orders or grades of society, or to property ; 
as, persons of the best condition. 6. Terms of a contract 
or covenant ; stipulation ; that is, that which is set, fixed, 
established, or proposed. 7. A clause in a bond, or other 
contract, containing terms or a stipulation that it is to be 
performed, and, in case of failure, the penalty of the bond 
is to be incurred. 8. Terms given, or provided, as the 
ground of something else. 9. That which must exist as 
the ground or necessary adjunct of something else. — Syn. 
State ; situation ; circumstances ; station ; case ; plight ; 
predicament ; stipulation ; article ; terms ; provision ; ar 
rangement. 

GON-DI"TION, v. i. To make terms ; to stipulate. 

GON-Di"TION, v. t. To contract ; to stipulate. 

GON-Dl"TION-AL, a. 1. Containing or depending on a con 
dition or conditions ; made with limitations ; not absolute ; 
made or granted on certain terms. — 2. In grammar and 
logic, expressing a condition or supposition. 

GON-Dl"TION-AL, n. A limitation.— Bacon. 

GON-Di"TION-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being conditions 
or limited : limitation by certain terms. 

GON-DI"TION-AL-LY, adv. With certain limitations : ot 
particular terms or stipulations ; not absolutely or posi- 
tively. 

t GON-DI"TION-A-RY, a. Conditional ; stipulated. 

t GON-DI"TION-ATE, a. Conditional; established oe cer 
tain terms. — Hammond. 

tGON-Dl"TION-ATE, v. t. To qualify; to regulate. 

GON-Dl"TION£D (kon-dish'und), pp. 1. Stipulated ; con 



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taining terms to be performed. 2 a. Having a certain 
state or qualities. [ This word is usually preceded by some 
qualifying term.] 

CON-Df'TION-ING, ppr. Making terms or conditions. 

tCON-DI"T10N-LY, adv. On certain terms. 

GONDI-TO-RY, n. [L. conditorium, from condo, to hide.] A 
repository for holding things. 

CON-Do'LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing condolence. 

GON-DoLE', v. i. [L. condoleo.] To feel pein, or to grieve, 
at the distress or misfortunes of another ; to sympa- 
thize^ 

GON-DoLE', v. t. To lament or bewail with another, or on 
account of another's misfortune. [ Unusual] 

GON-DoLE'MENT, n. Grief; pain of mind at another's 
loss or misfortune ; sorrow ; mourning. 

GON-Do'LENCE, n. Pain of mind, or grief excited by the 
distress or misfortune of another. — Syn. Sympathy ; com- 
miseration ; compassion. 

GON-DoL'ER, n. One who condoles. 

GGN-DoLTNG, ppr. Grieving at another's distress. 

GON-DoLTNG, n. Expression of grief for another's loss. 

GONT>0-MA, n. An animal of the antelope kind, as large 
as a stag, and of a gray color. 

GON-DO-Na'TION, n. [L. condono.] The act of pardoning. 
[Little used.] 

CONDOR, n. A large bird of the genus vultur, fcrand in 
the most elevated part of the Andes. It flies higher than 
any other bird. 

CON-DuCE', v. i. [L. conduco.] To lead or tend to some 
end or object ; as, this conduces to health. — In the transi- 
tive sense, to conduct, it is not authorized. — Syn. To con- 
tribute ; forward ; advance ; promote. 

GON-DuCE'MENT, n. A leading or tending to ; tendency. 
— Gregory. 

GON-DG'CENT, a. Tending or contributing to. 

GON-Du'CI-BLE, a. [L. conducibilis.] Leading or tending 
to ; having the power of conducing ; having a tendency 
to promote or forward. 

GON-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of leading or con- 
tributing to any end. 

GON-Du'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner to promote. 

CON-DuC'ING, ppr. Tending or contributing. 

GON-Du'ClVE, a. That may conduce or contribute ; hav- ! 
ing a tendency to promote. 

CON-Du'ClVE-NESS.ra. The quality of conducing or tend- I 
ing to promote. — Boyle. 

CONDUCT, n. [Sp. conducta.] 1. Literally, the act of lead- 
ing; guidance, command; as, "conduct of armies is a \ 
prince's art." 2. The act of convoying, or guarding ; guid- ] 
ance, or bringing along under protection. — Shak. 3. Guard j 
on the way; convoy; escort; as, ,: the king hath appoint- 
ed this conduct to convey me to the tower." — Shak. [ These 
three senses are now chiefiy disused, though not improper.] j 
— 4. In a general sense, personal behavior; course of ac- ! 
tions ; deportment ; [applicable equally to a good or bad \ 
course of actions.] 5. Exact behavior ; regular life. — Swift; 
[unusual.] 6. Management; mode of carrying on. 7 
The title of two clergymen appointed to read prayers at 
Eton College in England. — Syn. Carriage ; deportment ; 
behavior ; demeanor ; management 

EON-DUCT', v. t. [Sp. conducir.] 1. To lead ; to bring along ; 
to guide ; to accompany and show the way. 2. To lead ; 
to direct or point out the way. 3. To lead ; to usher in ; 
to introduce ; to attend in civility. 4. To give a direction 
to ; to manage ; to direct ; [applied to things ;] as, to con- 
duct a negotiation. 5. To lead, as a commander ; to di- 
rect ; to govern ; to command. 6. With the reciprocal 
pronoun, to conduct one's self, is to behave. Hence, by a 
customary omission of the pronoun, to conduct, in an in- 
transitive sense, is to behave ; to direct personal actions. 
7. To escort ; to accompany and protect on the way. 

GON-DUGT'ED, pp. Led ; guided ; directed ; introduced ; 
commanded; managed. 

GON-DUGT-I-BIL1-TY, n. Capability of being conducted ; 
as, the conductibility of the electric fluid. 

GON-DUCTTNG, ppr. or a. Leading ; escorting ; introdu- 
cing ; commanding ; behaving ; managing. 

GON-DUG'TION, n. 1. The act of training up ; [obs.] 2. 
Transmission by a conductor ; as, the conduction of heat. 

CON-DUG-Tl'TIOUS (-tish'us), a. [L.conductitius.] Hired; 
employed for. wages. — Ayliffe. 

GON-DUGT'IVE, a. Directing ; leading ; managing. 

GON-DUGT'OR, n. 1. A leader ; a guide ; one who goes 
before or accompanies, and shows the way. 2. A chief; 
a commander ; one who leads an army or a people. 3. A 
director ; a manager ; a superintendent ; as, the conductor 
on a rail-road line. — 4. In surgery, an instrument which 
serves to direct the knife in cutting for the stone, and in 
laying up sinuses and fistulas ; also, a machine to secure a 
fractured limb. — 5. In physics, a substance which forms a 
medium for the transmission of some other substance or 
fluid, particularly of heat or electricity. Hence, 6. A me- 
tallic rod, erected by buildings or in ships, to conduct light- 



ning to the earth or water, and protect the building from 

its effects. 
GON-DUGTO-RY, a. Used or employed in conducting. 
CONDUCTRESS, n. A female who leads or directs ; a di- 

TGCtTGSS. 

CONDUIT (kon'dit), n. [Fr. cond'uit.] Literally, that which 
leads cr conducts. Hence, 1. In ancient architecture, a nar- 
row passage, often under ground, between the apartments 
of a building. 2. A channel or pipe to convey water, &c 
or to drain off filth. — 3. Figuratively, any thing that con 
veys or conducts ; as, "the conduits of my blood." — Shak. 

CON-DU'PLI-CATE, a. [L. conduplicatus.] Doubled or fold 
ed over or together. 

GON-Du'PLI-GaTE, v. t. To double ; to fold together. 

GON-Du'PLI-€I-TED, a. Doubled ; folded together. 

CONDU-PLI-Ga'TION, n. [L. conduplicatio.] A doubling , 
a duplicate. 

CONDYLE (kon'dil), n. [L. condylus.] A protuberance on 
the end of a bone ; a knot, or joint ; a knuckle. 

CON'DYL-OID, a. [Gr. kovSvXos and u5o?.] The condyloid 
process is the posterior protuberance at the extremities of 
the under jaw. 

CONDYL-OID, n. The apophysis of a bone ; the projecting 
soft end, or process of a bone. 

GONDyL-OPE, \n. [Gr. kovPvXoS and -novc,.] A general 

CON-DyL'O-POD, 3 term applied by Cuvier to insects, 
Crustacea, and spiders, in allusion to the fact that they 
have jointed feet. — Dana. 

C5NE, n. [Fr. cone; Gr. kwvoS.] 1. A solid body or figure 
having a circle for its base, and its top terminated in a 
point or vertex, like a sugar-loaf. — 2. In botany, the conical 
fruit of several evergreen trees, as of the pine, fir, cedar, 
and cypress. 

GoNE'-SHaP.ED (-sha.pt), a. Having the form of a cone. 

CO-Ne'iNE. See Coniina. 

Iq^JUaTL } n - The Mexican name of the skunk- 

Go'NEY. See Cony. 

CON-FABD-LITE, v. i. [L. confabulor.] To talk familiar^ 
together ; to chat ; to prattle. — Cowper. [Little used.] 

GON-FAB-U-LI'TION, n. [L. confabulatio.] Familiar talk , 
easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation ; famil- 
iarly abridged into confab. 

GON-FAB'U-L A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to familiar talk. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

t €ON-FA-MIL'IAR (-fa-mil'yar), a. Very familiar. 

GON-FAR-RE-ITION, n. [L. confarreatio.] The solemny . 
zation of marriage among the Romans, by a ceremony in 
which the bridegroom and bride tasted a cake made of 
flour, with salt and water. 

t GON-FiTED, a. Fated together. 

GON-FEGT', v. t. To make sweetmeats. -See Comfit. 

GON'FEGT, n. [L. confectus.] Something prepared with 
sugar or honey, as fruit, herbs, roots, and the like; a 
sweetmeat. 

GON-FEGTED. pp. Made into sweetmeats. 

GON-FEGT1NG, ppr. Making into sweetmeats. 

GON-FEG'TION, n. [L. confectio.) 1. Any thing prepared 
with sugar, as fruit ; a sweetmeat ; something preserved. 
2. A composition or mixture. 3. A soft electuary. 

GON-FEG'TION-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
or to sell sweetmeats, &c. [Confectionery for confectioner 
is obsolete.] 

GON-FEG'TION-ER-Y, n. 1. A place for sweetmeats; p 
place where sweetmeats and similar things are made oi 
sold. 2. Sweetmeats in general ; things prepared or sold 
by a confectioner. 

GON-FEG'TOR, n. [L.] An officer in the Roman games, 
whose business was to kill any beast that was danger- 
ous. 

GON-FEG'TO-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of making sweet 
meats. 

GON-FED'ER-A-CY, n. [Low L. confaderatw.] 1. A con- 
tract between two or more persons, bodies of men, or 
states, combined in support of each other, in some act or 
enterprise ; mutual engagement ; federal compact. 2. The 
persons, states, or nations united by a league. — 3. In law, 
a combination of two or more persons to commit an un- 
lawful act.— Syn. League ; covenant ; compact ; alliance : 
combination; coalition ; confederation. 

GON-FED'ER-ATE, a. [Low L. confcsderatus.] United in a 
league ; allied by treaty ; engaged in a confederacy. 

GON^FED'ER.-ATE, n. One who is united with others in a 
league ; a person or nation engaged in a confederacy ; an 
ally. — Dry den. 

GON-FED'ER-aTE, v. i. [Fr. confedcrer.] To Unite in a 
league ; to join in a mutual contract or covenant. 

GON-EED'EPl-aTE. v. t. To unite in a league ; to ally. 

GON-FED'ER-A-TED, pp. or a. United in a league. 

GON-FED'ER-A-TING. ppr. Uniting in a league. 

GON-FED-ER-A'TION, n. [Fr. confederation.] 1. The act 
of confederating ; a league ; a compact for mutual sup- 
port ; alhance, particularly of princes, nations, or states 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. Vi"C10US.— G as K ; 3 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 
O 



CON 



210 



CON 



2. The United States of America are sometimes called the 
confederation. 

0ON-FER', v. i. [Fr. conferer.] To consult together ; imply- 
ing conversation on some serious or important subject ; 
in distinction from mere talk, or light, familiar conversa- 
tion. — Syn. To counsel or advise with ; discourse ; con- 
verse. 

€ON-FER', v. %. 1. To give or bestow ; as, to confer favors ; 
followed by on. 2. To compare ; to examine by compar- 
ison ; literally, to bring together ; [obs.] [See Compare.] 

3. To contribute ; to conduce to ; that is, to bring to ; [obs.] 
CON'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr. conference.] 1. The act of "con- 
versing on a serious subject ; a discoursing between two 
or more for the purpose of instruction, consultation, or 
deliberation ; formal discourse ; oral discussion. 2. A 
meeting for consultation, discussion, or instruction. 3. 
Comparison ; examination of things by comparison ; [obs.] 

4. A meeting of the two branches of a legislature, by their 
committee, to adjust differences respecting bills, <fec. 5. 
A stated meeting of preachers in the Wesleyan Method- 
ist Church for the transaction of business. 

CON-FERTL.ED (kon-ferd'), pp. Given; imparted; bestowed. 

CON-FER'RER, n. One who confers ; one who converses ; 
one who bestows. 

CON-FER'RING, ppr. Conversing together ; bestowing. 

CON-FER'RING, n. 1. The act of bestowing. 2. Compari- 
son ; examination. 

€ON-FER-Ru'MIN-a-TED, a. Sodered together.— Hooker. 

CON-FER'VA, n.; pi. Confervje. [L.J In botany, an ex- 
tensive section of the Alga, consisting of tubular, jointed 
water-weeds. 

CON-FESS', v. t. [Fr. confcsscr.] 1. To acknowledge, as a 
crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or something that is against 
one's interest or reputation. — 2. In the Roman Catholic 
Church, to acknowledge sins and faults to a priest ; to dis- 
close the state of the conscience to a priest, in private, 
with a view to absolution ; sometimes with the reciprocal 

Sronoun. 3. To acknowledge ; publicly to declare a be- 
ef in and adherence to. 4. To acknowledge, as time dis- 
ciples, friends, or children. 5. To acknowledge ; to de- 
clare to be true ; opposed to deny. 6. To show by the 
effect ; as, this work confesses the hand of a master. 7. 
To hear or receive the confession of another. — Syn. Ad- 
mit ; grant ; concede ; avow ; own ; assent ; recognize ; 
prove ; exhibit ; attest. 

CON-FESS', v. i. To make confession ; to disclose faults, 
or the state of the conscience. 

CON-FESSANT, n. One who confesses to a priest. 

t€ON-FESS'A-RY, n. One who makes a confession. 

€ON-FESS'.ED (kon-fesf), pp. or a. Owned ; acknowledged ; 
declared to be true ; admitted in words ; avowed ; admit- 
ted to disclose to a priest. 

€ON-FESS'ED-LY, adv. 1. By confession or acknowledg- 
ment ; avowedly; undeniably. 2. With avowed purpose. 

CON-FESSTNG, ppr. Owning ; avowing ; declaring to be 
true or real ; granting or admitting by assent ; receiving 
disclosure of sins, or the state of the conscience of an- 
other. 

€ON-FES'SION (kon-fesh'un), n. 1. The acknowledgment 
of a crime or fault, or something to one's disadvantage ; 
open declaration of guilt, failure, debt, accusation, &c. 2. 
Avowal ; the act of acknowledging ; profession. 3. The 
act of disclosing sins or faults to a priest ; the disburden- 
ing of the conscience privately to a confessor ; sometimes 
called auricular confession.—-*!. Confession, or confession 
of faith, a formulary in which the articles of faith are com- 
prised ; a creed. 5. The acknowledgment of a debt by a 
debtor before a justice of the peace, &c, on which judg- 
ment is entered and execution issued. 

€ON-FES'SION-AL, n. The seat where a priest or confess- 
or sits to hear confessions ; a confession-chair. 

-GON-FES'SION-A-RY, n. [Sp. confesionario.] A confession- 
chair, as above. 

€ON-FES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to auricular confession. 

CON-FES'SION-IST, n. One who makes a profession of 
faith. — Montagu. 

•* €ON-FESS'OR, n. [Fr. confesseur ; Sp. confesor.] 1. One 
who confesses ; one who acknowledges his sins. 2. One 
who makes a profession of his faith in the Christian relig- 
ion. The word was applied in the early Church to one 
who avowed his religion in the face of danger, and ad- 
hered to it in defiance of persecution and torture. If 
death ensued, he was called a martyr. — 3. In the Roman 
Catholic Church, a priest who hears the confessions of 
others, and has power to grant them absolution. 

€ON-FEST, pp. or a. for confessed. Owned ; open ; ac- 
knowledged ; apparent ; not disputed. 

CON-FEST'LY, adv. [for confessedly.] Avowedly; indispu- 
tably. [Little used.] 

t CON-Fl"CIENT (kon-fish'ent), a. [L. conficiens.] That 
causes or procures. 

* GON'FI-DANT, n. m. 1 One intrusted with secrets ; a con- 

CONTI-DANTE, n. f. $ tidential or bosom friend. 



CON-FTDE', v. t. [L. confido.] To trust ; to rely on, witfi t 
persuasion of faithfulness or veracity in the person trust- 
ed, or of the reality of a fact ; to give credit to ; to believe 
in, with assurance. 

CON-FlDE', v. t. To intrust ; to commit to the charge oi, 
with a belief in the fidelity of the person intrusted ; to de- 
liver jnto possession of another. 

CON-FlD'ED, pp. Intrusted ; committed to the care of; for 
preservation, or for performance or exercise. 

CON'FI-DENCE, n. [L. confidential 1. A trusting or reli- 
ance ; an assurance of mind or firm belief in the integrity, 
stability, or veracity of another, or in the truth and reality 
of a fact. 2. Belief in one's own competency, as opposed 
to diffidence or timidity. 3. That in which trust is placed ; 
ground of trust ; he or that which supports. 4. Safety.. 
or assurance of safety ; security ; as, " Jehovah shall be 
thy confidence." 5. Boldness ; courage. 6. Excessive 
boldness ; assurance, proceeding from vanity or a false 
opinion of one's own abilities or excellences. — Syn. Trust; 
affiance ; assurance ; expectation ; hope. 

CON'FI-DENT, a. 1. Having full belief ; trusting; relying; 
fully assured. 2. Positive ; dogmatical ; as, a confident 
talker. 3. Trusting; without suspicion. 4. Bold to a 
vice ; having an excess of assurance. 

CON'FI-DENT, n. One intrusted with secrets ; a confiden 
tial or bosom friend. — Mitford. [Commonly spelled con- 
fidant.] 

CON-FI-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Enjoying the confidence of an- 
other ; trusty ; that may be safely trusted. 2. That is to 
be treated or kept in confidence ; private. 3. Admitted 
to special confidence. 

CON-FI-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In confidence ; in reliance oq 
secrecy. 

CON'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With firm trust ; with strong assU' 
ranee ; without doubt or wavering of opinion ; positively. 

CON'FI-DENT-NESS, n. Confidence ; the quality or stats 
of having full reliance. 

€ON-FID'ER,'7i. One who confides ; one who intrusts to 
another. 

CON-FID'ING, ppr. or a. Trusting ; reposing confidence. 

CON-FIG'U-RaTE, v. i. [L. configuro.] To show like the 
aspects of the planets toward each other. 

CON-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. External form, figure, 
shape ; the figure which bounds a body. 2. Relative po- 
sition or aspects of the planets ; or the face of the horo- 
scope, according to the relative positions of the planets a* 
any time. 3. Resemblance of one figure to another. 

CON-FIG'URE, v. t. [L. configuro.] To form ; to dispose 
in a certain form, figure, or shape. 

CON-FIG'URjBD, pp. To dispose in a certain form. 

CON-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Forming to a figure. 

CON-FlN'A-BLE, a. That may be confined or limited. 

CON'FlNE, n. [L. confinis.] Border ; edge ; exterior pan ; 
the part of any territory which is at or near the end or 
extremity. It is used, generally, in the plural. 

CON'FlNE, a. Bordering on ; lying on the border ; adja- 
cent ; having a common boundary. 

CON'FlNE, v. i. [Fr. confiner.] To border on ; to touch the 
limit ; to be adjacent or contiguous, as one territory, king- 
dom,_or state to another; followed by on. 

CON-FINE', v. t. [Sp. confinar.] 1. To restrain within lim- 
its ; hence, to shut up ; to restrain from escape by force 
or insurmountable obstacles. 2. To keep close, by a vol- 
untary act ; to be much at home, or in retirement ; as, to 
confine one's self to the house. 3. To limit or restrain 
voluntarily in some act or practice ; as, to confine one's 
remarks to a particular point. 4. To tie or bind ; to make 
fast or close. 5. To restrain by a moral force ; as, to con- 
fine men by laws. — Syn. To bound ; limit ; restrain ; cir- 
cumscribe ; restrict. 

CON-FIN.ED' (kon-find'), pp. or a. Restrained within lim- 
its ; imprisoned ; limited ; secluded ; close ; brought to 
bed. See Confinement. 

CON-FiNE'LESS, a. Boundless ; unlimited ; without end. 

CON-FlNE'MENT, n. 1. Restraint within limits ; imprison- 
ment ; any restraint of liberty by force or other obstacle 
or necessity. 2. Voluntary restraint ; seclusion. 3. Vol- 
untary restraint in action or practice. 4. Restraint from 
going_ abroad by sickness, particularly by childbirth. 

CON-FlN'ER, n. He or that which limits or restrains. 

CON'FlN-ER, n. 1. A borderer ; one who fives on the con- 
fines or near the border of a country. 2. He or thai 
which is near the limit ; a near neighbor ; he or that which 
is adjacent or contiguous. 

CON-FlN'ING, ppr. Restraining; limiting; imprisoning. 

■CON-FIN'I-TY, n. [L. confinitas.] Contiguity ; nearness ; 
neighborhood. — Diet. 

GON-FiRM', v. t. [L. confirmo.] 1. To make firm, or more 
firm; to add strength to, as to health. 2. To fix more 
firmly ; to settle or establish ; as, to confirm the courage. 
3. To make firm or certain; to give new assurance of 
truth or certainty ; to put past doubt ; as. to confirm a re- 
port 4. To fix; "to radicate. 5. To strengthen; to ratify, 



Se( Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &.C., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY — MARi'NE, BIRD ;— M0V.E, BOOK, 



CON 



211 



CON 



as an agreement. 6. To make more firm ; to strengthen, 
as an opinion. 7. To admit to the full privileges of a 
Christian, by the imposition of a bishop's hands. — 8. In 
the government of the United States, to assent to, establish, 
or ratify ; as, the Senate confirms or rejects the appoint- 
ments proposed to them by the President of the United 
States. — Syn. To strengthen ; corroborate ; establish ; fix ; 
settle ; verify ; assure. 

eON-FlRM'A-BLE, a. That may be confirmed, established, 
or ratified ; capable of being made more certain. 

CON-FIRM- a'TION, n. 1. The act of confirming or estab- 
lishing ; a fixing, settling, establishing, or making more 
certain or firm ; establishment. 2. The act of ratifying. 
3. The act of giving new strength. 4. The act of giving 
new evidence. 5. That which confirms ; that which gives 
new strength or assurance ; additional evidence ; proof ; 
convincing testimony. — 6. In law, an assurance of title, by 
the conveyance of an estate or right in esse, from one man 
to another, by which a voidable estate is made sure or un- 
avoidable, or a particular estate is increased, or a posses- 
sion made perfect. — 7. In church affairs, the act of ratifying 
the election of an archbishop or bishop, by the king, or by 
persons of his appointment 8. The act or ceremony of 
laying on of a bishop's hands, in the admission of bap- 
tized persons to the enjoyment of Christian privileges. 

CON-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. Having the power of confirming ; 
tending to establish. 

CON-FiRM'A-TlVE-LY, adv. In a confirmative manner. 

CON-FiRM-A'TOR, n. He or that which confirms.. 

CON-FIRM' A-TO-RY, a. 1. That serves to confirm; giving 
additional strength, force, or stability, or additional as- 
surance or evidence. 2. Pertaining to the rite of con- 
firmation. 

€ON-FiRM'.ED (kon-fermd'), pp. or a. 1. Made more firm ; 
strengthened ; established. 2. Admitted to the full privi- 
leges of the church. 

CON-FIRM'ED-NESS, n. A fixed state. 

CON-F1RM-EE', n. One to whom any thing is confirmed. 
— Ash. 

CON-FiRM'ER, n. He or that which confirms, establishes, 
or ratifies ; one that produces new evidence ; an attester. 

€ON-FiRM1NG, ppr. Making firm or more firm ; strength- 
ening ; ratifying ; giving additional evidence or proof ; 
establishing ; administering the rite of confirmation. 

CON-FiRM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strengthen or 
make firm. 

CON-FIS'CA-BLE, a. That may be confiscated ; liable to 
forfeiture. — Browne. 

* CON-FIS'CaTE or CONTIS-CITE, v. t. [L. confisco.] To 

adjudge to be forfeited to the public treasury. 

* €ON-FIS'€XTE or CON'FIS-CITE, a. Forfeited and ad- 
judged to tbe public treasury, as the goods of a criminal. 

*€ON-FIS'Ca-TED or CON'FIS-CI-TED, pp. or a. Ad- 
judged to the public treasury, as forfeited goods or estate. 

* CON-FIS'Ca-TING or CON'FIS-€I-TING, ppr. Adjudg- 

ing to the public use. 

€ON-FIS-€a'TION, n. The act of condemning as forfeited, 
and adjudging to the public treasury. 

CON'FIS-CI-TOR, n. One who confiscates. 

CON-FIS'CA-TO-RY a. Consigning to forfeiture.— Burke. 

CON'FIT, n. A sweetmeat. See Confect. 

CON'FI-TENT, n. [L. confitens.] One who confesses his 
sins and faults. [iYo? much used.] 

CON'FIT-URL, n. [Fr.] A sweetmeat ; confection. — Bacon. 

CON-FIX', v. t. [L. conflg o.] To fix down ; to fasten.— Shak. 

€ON-FIX'£D (kon-fikstf), pp. Fixed down or to ; fastened. 

CON-FIXTNG, ppr. Fixing to or on; fastening. 

CON-FIX'URE, n. The act of fastening. 

CON-FLa'GRANT, a. [L. confiagrans.] Burning together ; 
involved in a common flame. 

CON-FLA-GRa'TION, n. [L. conflagratio.] 1. A great fire, 
or the burning of any great mass of combustibles, as a 
house, but more especially a city or a forest. 2. The 
burning of the world at the consummation of things. 

CON-FLa'GRA-TiVE, a. Causing conflagration. 

CON-FLa'TION, n. [L. conflatio.] A blowing together, as 
of many instruments, in a concert ; or of many fires, in 
melting metals. [Little used.] 

t CON-FLEXURE, n. A bending. 

CON'FLICT, n, [L. conflictus.] 1. A striking or dashing 
against each other, as of two moving bodies in opposition ; 
violent collision of substances. 2. A contest or fighting 
between men, and applicable to individuals or to armies. 
3. A struggling with difficulties ; a striving to oppose or 
overcome. 4. A struggling of the mind ; distress ; anxie- 
ty. 5. The last struggle of life ; agony. 6. Opposing 
operations ; countervailing actions ; as, a conflict between 
duty and inclination. — Syn. Collision ; contest ; struggle ; 
combat; strife; contention; battle; fight; pang; agony. 

CON-FLICT, v. i. To strike or dash against; to meet and 
oppose, as bodies driven by violence. 2. To drive or 
strike against, as contending men or armies. 3. To strive 
or struggle to resist and overcome ; as, to conflict with 



difficulties. 4. To be in opposition, or conti adictory 
as, to conflict with a statement. — Syn. To fight : contend 
contest ; oppose ; resist ; struggle ; combat. 

CONFLICTING, ppr. 1. Striking or dashing together, 
fighting ; contending ; struggling to resist and overcome. 
2. a. Being in opposition ; contrary ; contradictory. 

CON-FLICT'lVE, a. Tending to conflict. 

CONTLU-ENCE, n. [L. confluentia.] 1. A flowing together ; 
the meeting or junction of two or more streams of water 
or other fluid ; also, the place of meeting. 2. The running 
together of people ; the act of meeting and crowding in a 
place ; a crowd ; a concourse. 3. A collection ; meeting f 
assemblage. 

CON'FLU-ENT, a. [L. confluens.] 1. Flowing together ; 
meeting in their course, as two streams. — 2. In medical 
science, running together, and spreading over a large sur- 
face of the body. — 3. In botany, united at the base ; grow- 
ing in tufts ; running into each other. 

CONTLUX, n. [Low L. confluxio.] 1. A flowing together, 
a meeting of two or more currents of a fluid. 2. A col- 
lection ; a crowd ; a multitude collected. 

CON-FLUX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of fluid? to rnn 
together. — Boyle. [Little used.] 

CON-FORM', a. [L. conformist Made to resemble : assum- 
ing the same form ; like ; resembling. — Bacon. [Ra? e.] 

CON-FORM', v. t. [L. conformo.] 1. To make like, in ex- 
ternal appearance ; to reduce to a like shape, or form, 
with something else ; with to ; as, to conform any thing to 
a model. 2. More generally, to reduce to a likeness or 
correspondence in manners, opinions, or moral qualities ; 
as, " Be not conformed to the world." 3. To make agree- 
able to ; to square with a rule or directory ; as, to conform 
ourselves to our instructions. 

CON-FORM', v. i. To comply with, or yield to ; to live or 
act according to. 2. To comply with ; to obey. 

CON-FORMA-BLE, a. 1. Correspondent; having the same 
or similar external form or shape ; like ; resembling. 
2. Having the same or similar manners, opinions, or 
moral qualities. 3. Agreeable ; suitable ; consistent. 4. 
Compliant; ready to follow directions: submissive; ob- 
sequious ; peaceable ; disposed to obey. 5. In geology, 
when two sets of strata in contact are very nearly paral- 
lel to each other, they are said to be conformable. — Lyell. 

CON-FORM'A-BLY, adv. With or in conformity ; suitably ; 
agreeably. 

CON-FORM-1'TION, n. The manner in which a body is 
formed ; the particular texture or structure of a body, or 
disposition of the parts which compose it ; form ; struc- 
ture. 2. The act of conforming; the act of producing 
suitableness or confonnity. — 3. In medical science, the 
particular make or construction of the body peculiar to 
an individual. 

CON-FORM'XD (kon-formd'), pp. Made to resemble ; re- 
duced to a likeness of; made agreeable to ; suited. 

CON-FORM'ER, n. One who conforms ; one who complies 
with established forms or doctrines. 

CON-FORM'ING, ppr. Reducing to a likeness ; adapting ; 
complying with. 

CON-FORM'IST, n. One who conforms or complies ; ap- 
propriately, one who complies with the worship of the 
Church of England, or of the established church, as dis- 
tinguished from a dissenter, or non-conformist. 

CON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Likeness ; correspondence with a 
model in form or manner ; resemblance ; agreement 
congruity with something else. 2. Consistency ; agree 
ment. — 3. In theology, correspondence in manners and 
principles ; compliance with established customs. 

f CON-FOR-Ta'TION, n. The act of comforting or giving 
strength. — Bacon. 

CON-FOUND', v. t. [Fr. confondre.] 1. To mingle and blend 
different things, so that their forms or natures can not be 
distinguished ; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that individ- 
uals can not be distinguished. 2. To throw into disorder , 
as, to confound their language. — Gen., xi. 3. To mix or 
blend, so as to occasion a mistake of one thing for another ; 
as, to confound ideas with words. 4. To perplex ; to dis- 
turb the apprehension by indistinctness of ideas or words ; 
as, to be confounded by a multiplicity of objects. 5. To 
throw tbe mind into disorder ; to cast down ; to make 
ashamed ; as, Saul confounded the Jews at Damascus. 
6. To perplex with terror ; to throw into consternation ; 
to stupefy with amazement ; as, " Satan stood confounded 
what to say." — Milton. 7. To destroy; to overthrow; as, 
" So deep a malice to confound the race of man." — Milton. 
Syn. To mix ; mingle ; blend ; confuse ; baffle ; abash ; 
terrify; dismay; astonish; defeat. 

CON-FOUND'ED, pp. 1. Mixed or blended in disorder , 
perplexed ; abashed ; dismayed ; put to shame and silence , 
astonished. 2. a. Very great ; enormous ; [vulgar.] 

€ON-FOUND'ED-LY, adv. Enormously ; greatly ; shame- 
fully. [A loio word.] 

CON-FOUND'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded 
— Milton. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



CON 



212 



CON 



CON-FOUND'ER, n. One who confounds ; one who dis- 
turbs the mind, perplexes, refutes, frustrates, and puts to 
shame or silence ; one who terrifies. 

•GON-FOUND'ING, ppr. Mixing and blending ; putting into 
disorder; perplexing; disturbing the mind ; abashing and 
putting to shame and silence ; astonishing. 

€ON-FRA-TER'NI-TY, n. [It. amfratemita.] A brother- 
hood; a society or body of men, united for some purpose 
or in some profession. 

<X)N-FRI-€a'TION, n. [It. confricazione.] A rubbing against; 
friction. — Bacon. 

€ON-FRl'ER, n. [Fr. confrere.] One of the same religious 

order. — Weever. 
►eON-FRoNT (kon-frunr). v. t. [It. confrontare.] 1. To 
stand face to face, in full view ■ to face ; to stand in front. 
2. To stand in direct opposition; to oppose; as, to con- 
front his accusers. 3. To set face to face ; to bring into 
the presence of, as an accused person and a witness, in 
court, for examination and discovery of the truth ; fol- 
lowed by with. 4. To set together for comparison ; to 
compare one thing with another. 

€ON-FRON-Ta'TION, n. The act of bringing two persons 
into the presence of each other for examination and dis- 
covery of truth. 

€ON-FR6NT'ED, pp. Set face to face, or in opposition ; 
brought into the presence of. 

€ON-FR6NTING, ppr. Setting or standing face to face, or 
in opposition, or in presence of. 

€ON-FR6NT'MENT, n. Comparison.— Oley. 

€ON-FuSE', v. t. [L. confusus.] 1. To mix or blend things, 
eo that they can not be distinguished. 2. To throw into 
disorder; as, the alarm confused the troops. 3. To per- 
plex; to render indistinct; as, his ideas were confused. 
4. To throw the mind into disorder ; to agitate by surprise 
or shame ; as, he was greatly confused by the tidings. — 
Syn. To derange ; disorder ; abash ; disconcert ; con- 
found ; obscure ; distract. 

€ON-FuSE'. a. Mixed ; confounded. — Barret. 

€ON-FuS'.ED (kon-fuzd'), pp. or a. 1. Blended, so that the 
things or persons mixed can not be distinguished. 2. Per- 
plexed by disorder or want of system. 3. Put to the 
blush or to shame. — Syn. Mixed ; indiscriminate ; indis- 
tinct ; intricate ; involved ; deranged ; disordered ; tumult- 
uous ; abashed; agitated; disconcerted; cast down. 

€ON-FuS'ED-LY, adv. In a mixed mass ; without order or 
separation ; indistinctly ; not clearly ; tumultuously ; with 
agitation of mind ; without regularity or system. 

€ON-FuS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being confused ; want 
of order, distinction, or clearness. 

€ON-FtJSE'LY, adv. Obscurely.— Barret. 

€ON-F0S'ING, ppr. Mixing; confounding. 

€ON-Fu'SION (kon-fti'zhun), n. 1. A mixture of several 
things promiscuously; hence, disorder; irregularity. 2. 
Tumult ; disturbance ; want of order in society. 3. A 
blending or confounding: indistinct combination ; opposed 
to distinctness or perspicuity. 4. Abashment ; shame. 5. 
Astonishment ; agitation ; perturbation ; distraction of 
mind. 6. Overthrow ; defeat ; ruin. 7. A shameful 
blendms: of natures ; a shocking crime. 

GON-FuTA-BLE, a. That may be confuted, disproved, or 
overthrown ; that may be shown to be false, defective, or 
invalid. 

€ON-Fu'TANT, n. One who confutes or undertakes to 
confute. — Milton. 

CON-FU-TI'TION, n. The act of confuting, disproving, or 
proving to be false or invalid ; rsfulation ; overthrow. 

€ON-FuTE', v. t. [L. confuto.) 1 . To prove to be false, de- 
fective, or invalid. 2. To prove to be wrong ; to convict 
of error, by argument or proo/'. — Syn. To disprove ; over- 
throw; set aside ; refute; oppugn. 

GON-FuT'ED, pp. Disproved ; proved to be false, defective, 
or unsound ; overthrown by -argument, fact, or proof. 

€ON-FtJTER, 11. One who disproves or confutes. 

CON-FuTTNG, ppr. Disproving ; proving to be false, de- 
fective, or invalid ; overthrowing by argument or proof. 

t CON-FOTE'MENT, n. Confutation ; disproof.— Milton. 

* CON'GE (kon'jee), n. [Fr. conge.] 1. Leave ; farewell ; 
parting ceremony. 2. The act of respect performed at 
the parting of friends. Hence, the customary act of civil- 
ity on other occasions ; a bow or courtesy. 

GON'GE, v. i. To take leave with the customary civilities ; 
to bow or courtesy. 

€ON'GE D'E-LiRE (kon'zha-da-leer'). In ecclesiastical af- 
fairs, the king's license or permission to a dean and chap- 
ter, to choose a bishop ; or to an abbey or priory of his 
own foundation, to choose their abbot or prior. 

GON'GE, ii. In architecture, a molding, in form of a quarter 
round, or a cavetto, which serves to separate two mem- 
bers from one another; an apophyge. Also, a ring or 
ferule, formerly used on the extremities of columns. 

GON-GeAL' (kon-jeel'), v. t. [L. congelo.) 1. To change from 
a fluid to a solid state, by a loss of heat, as water in freez- 
ms, liquid metal or wax in coolina, blood in staimatinsi or 



cooling, &c. , to harden into ice, or into a substance of less 
solidity. 2. Figuratively, to bind or fix with cold , as, his 
blood was congealed at the sight. 

GON-GEAL', v. i. To grow hard, stiff, or thick from loss of 
heat ; to pass from a fluid to a solid state ; to concrete into 
a solid mass. 

•GON-geAL'A-BLE, a. That may be congealed ; capable of 
being converted from a fluid to a solid state. 

CON-geAL'jED (kon-jeeld'), pp. or a. Converted into ice, ot 
a solid mass, by the loss of heat, or other process ; con 
creted. 

GON-geAL'ED-NESS, n. State of being congealed. 

CON-geALTNG, ppr. Changing from a liquid to a solid 
state ;_ concreting. 

CON-GeAL'MENT, n. A clot or concretion ; that which is 
formed by congelation. Also, congelation. 

GON-gE-La'TION, n. [L. congelatio.) The process of pass- 
ing, or the act of converting from a fluid to a solid state, 
by the abstraction of heat ; or the state of being con- 
gealed; concretion. 

t GON-GEM-1-Na.TION, n. A doubling or often repeating. 

GON'GE-NER, n. [L. congener.] A thing of the same genus, 
kind, or nature. 

GON'GE-NER, 1 a. Of the same genus, kind, or nature 

GON-gEN'ER-OUS, 5 allied in origin or cause. 

GON-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. Similarity of origin. 

GON-gE-NER'IG, a. Being of the same kind or nature. 

CON-GEN'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being from the 
sameoriginal, or of belonging to the same kind. 

GON-ge'NI-AL, a. [L. con and "genus.] 1. Parcaking of the 
same genus, kind, or nature ; kindred ; cognate. 2. Belong- 
ing to the nature; natural; agreeable to the nature. 3. 
Natural; agreeable to the nature ; adapted; as, congenial 
to his disposition. 

GON-gE-NI-AL'I-TY, In. Participation of the same genus, 

GON-GE'NI-AL-NESS, 5 nature, or original ; cognation ; 
natural affinity ; suitableness. 

GON-GE'NI-AL-lZE, v. t. To make congenial. 

t CON-GE'NI-OUS, a. Of the same kind. 

GON-GEN'iTE, la. [L. cougenitus.] Of the same birth ; 

GON-GEN'I-TAL, 5 bom with another; connate; begotten 
together. 

€ON"GER, } (kong'gur-), n. [L. conger or congrus.] 

€ON"GER-EEL, 5 The sea-eel ; a species of eel, some 
times ten feet long. 

CON-Ge'RT-eS, n. [L.] A collection of several particles oj 
bodies in one mass or aggregate. 

GON-GE8T, v. t. [L. congero, c-ongestum.] To collect oj 
gather into a mass or aggregate. 

GON-GESTI-BLE, a. That may be collected into a mass- 

GON-GESTION (kon-jesfyun), n. [L. congestio.] An un 
natural accumulation of blood in any part of the body, o» 
any subordinate system of parts. 

GON-gESTi VE, a. Indicating an accumulation of blood ir. 
some part of the body. 

CON'Gl-A-RY, n. [L. congiarium.] Properly, a present made 
by the Roman emperors to the people, originally in corn 
or wine, measured out to them in a congius. 

CON-GLa'CIaTE, v. i. [L. conglacio.] To turn to ice; to 
freeze. 

€ON-GLa-CI-a'TION, n. The act of changing into ice, or 
the state of being converted to ice ; a freezing ; congela- 
tion. 

GON-GLO'BATE, a. [L. conglobatus.] Formed or gathered 
into a ball. 

GON-GLO'BaTE, v. t. To collect or form into a ball or 
hard, round substance. 

GON-GLo'Ba-TED, pp. Collected or formed into a ball. 

€0N-GL<1'BATE-LY, adv. In a round or roundish form. 

GON-GLO-Ba'TION, n. The act of forming into a ball ; a 
round body. 

CON-GLOBE', v. t. [L. conglobo.] To gather into a ball ; to 
collect into a round mass. 

CON-GLOBE', v.i. To collect, unite, or coalesce in a round 
mass. 

€ON-GL0B'.ED (kon-globd'), pp. Collected into a ball. 

GON-OLoB'ING. ppr. Gathering into a round mass or ball. 

CON-GLOB'¥-L7vTE, v. i. To gather into a little round 
mass or trlobule. 

CON-GLOM'ER-ATE, a. [L. conglomero.] 1. Gathered into 
a ball or round body ; as, a conglomerate gland, which is 
formed of many smaller ones. — 2. In botany, conglomerate 
flowers grow on a branching peduncle or foot stalk, on 
short pedicles, closely compacted together without order. 
—3. Conglomerate rocks. See Pudding-stone. 

GON-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. To gather into a ball or round 
body ; to collect into a round mass. 

GON-GLOM'ER-ATE, n. In geology, a sort of pudding- 
stone, or rock, composed of pebbles cemented together by 
another mineral substance. 

GON-GLOM'ER-a-TED, pp. or a. Gathered into a ball or 
round muss. 

GON-GLt ;M'ER-a-TING, ppr. Collecting into a ball. 



- See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X. E. I, &c„ short.— FAR, FALL, W tl AT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BlRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



CON 



213 



CON 



CON-GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. The act of gathering into a 
bail ; the state of being thus collected ; collection ; accu- 
mulation. 

CON-GLU'TI-NANT, a. Gluing; uniting; healing. 

€ON-GLu'TI-NANT, n. A medicine that heals wounds. 

CON-GLu'TI-NaTE, v. t. [L. conglutino.] 1. To glue to- 
gether ; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious sub- 
stance. 2. To heal; to unite the separated parts of a 
wound by a tenacious substance. 

CON-GLuTI-NlTE, v. i. To coalesce ; to unite by the In- 
tervention of a callus. 

CON-GLu'TI-NI-TED, pp. or a. Glued together ; united by 
a tenacious substance. 

€ON-GLtj'TI-Na-TING, ppr. Gluing together ; uniting or 
closing by a tenacious substance. 

€ON-GLU-TI-NI'TION, n. The act of gluing together ; a 
joining by means of some tenacious substance ; a healing 
by uniting the parts of a wound ; union. 

CON-GL u'TI-NA-Ti VE, a. Having the power of uniting by 
glue, or other substance of like nature. 

€ON-GLu'TI-Na-TOR n. That which has the power of 
uniting wounds. 

€ON"GO (kong'go), n. A species of black tea from China. 

CON-GRAT'U-LANT, a. Rejoicing in participation. 

GON-GRAT'U-LaTE (kon-grafyu-late), v. t. [L. congratu- 
lor.] To profess one's pleasure or joy to another on ac- 
count of an event deemed happy or fortunate, as on the 
birth of a child, success in an enterprise, victory, escape 
from danger, &c. ; to wish joy to another. 

GON-GRAT'U-LaTE, v. i. To rejoice in participation.— 
Swift. 

GON-GRATU-Li-TED, pp. Complimented with expres- 
sions of joy at a happy event. 

GON-GRATU-LI-TING, ppr. Professing one's joy or satis- 
faction on account of some happy event, prosperity, or 
success. 

CON-GRAT-U-L 1'TION, n. The act of professing one's joy 
or good wishes at the success or happiness of another, or 
on account of an event deemed fortunate to both parties, 
or to the community. 

GON-GRATU-La-TOR, n. One who offers congratulations. 

GON-GRATU-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy for the good 
fortune of another, or for an event fortunate for both par- 
ties, or for the community. 

tGON-GREE', v. i. To agree.— Shale. 
CON-GREET, v. t. To salute mutually.— Shak. 

GON'GRE-GaTE, v. t. [L. congrego.] To collect separate 
persons or things into an assemblage ; to assemble ; to 
gather ; to bring into one place, or into a crowd or united 
body. 

GON"GRE-GITE, v. i. To come together ; to assemble ; to 
meet. — Denham. 

CON"GRE-GITE, a. Collected ; compact ; close.— Bacon. 
[Little used.] 

CON"GRE-Ga-TED, pp. or a. Collected; assembled in one 
place. 

CON"GRE-Ga-TING, ppr. Collecting; assembling; coming 
together. 

CON"GRE-Ga'TION (kong-gre-ga'shun), n. 1. The act of 
bringing together, or assembling. 2. A collection or as- 
semblage of separate things. 3. More generally, an assem- 
bly of persons ; and, appropriately, an assembly of persons 
met for the worship of God. 4. An assembly of rulers. — 
Numb., xxxv. 5. An assembly of ecclesiastics or cardinals 
appointed by the pope. Also, a company or society, form- 
ing a subdivision of a monastic order. 6. At the Univer- 
sity of Oxford, the assembly of masters and doctors, for 
transacting the ordinary business of conferring degrees, 
&c. — Brande. 

GON"GRE-Ga'TION-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a congrega- 
tion. 2. Belonging to the system of Congregationalism. 

GON"GRE-Ga'TION-AL-ISM, n. That system of church 
government which vests all ecclesiastical power in the 
assembled brotherhood of each local church as an inde- 
pendent body. 

GON"GRE-Ga'TION-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to a 
congregational church or society. 

UON"GRESS (kong'gress), n. [L. congressus.] 1. A meet- 
ing of individuals ; an assembly of envoys, commissioners, 
deputies, &c, particularly a meeting of the representa- 
tives of several courts, to concert measures for their com- 
mon good, or to adjust their mutual concerns. 2. The 
assembly of delegates of the several British colonies in 
America, which united to resist the claims of Great Brit- 
ain in 1774. 3. The assembly of the delegates of the sev- 
eral United States, after the declaration of independence, 
in 1776, and until the adoption of the present Constitution. 
4. The assembly of senators and representatives of the 
United States of North America, according to the present 
Constitution, or political compact, by which they are unit- 
ed in a federal republic. 5. A meeting of two or more 
persons in a contest; an encounter; a conflict. 6. Tbe 
meeting of the sexes in sexual commerce. — Syn. Assem- 



bly ; meeting ; convention ; convocation ; synod ; council 
diet. 

t CON-GRES'SION (kon-gresh'un), n. A company. 

€ON-GRES'SION-AL (kon-gresh'un-al), a. Pertaining to 
a congress, or to the Congress of the United States. — 
Barlow. 

CON-GRES'SlVE, a. 1. Meeting, as Jie sexes. 2. Encoun- 
tering. 

CON'GREVE ROCK'ET, n. A very destructive kind of 
rocket, filled with inflammable matter, invented by Sir 
William Congreve. 

t CON-GRuE', v. i. To agree.— Shak. 

GON"GRU-ENCE, > n. [L. congruentia.] Suitableness of ono 

€ON-GRu'EN-CY, > thing to another ; agreement; consist- 
ency. 

€0N"GRU-ENT, a. Suitable ; agreeing ; correspondent. 
Davies. 

GON-GRul-TY, n. 1. Suitableness ; the relation of agree, 
ment between things. 2. Fitness ; pertinence. 3. Rea 
son ; consistency ; propriety. — 4. In school divinity, the 
good actions which are supposed to render it meet and 
equitable that God should confer grace on those who per- 
form them. — 5. In geometry, figures or lines, which, when 
laid over one another, exactly coincide, are in congruitv. 

t €ON"GRU-MENT, n. Fitness ; adaptation. 

€ON"GRU-OUS, a. [L. congruus.] 1. Accordant ; suitable ; 
consistent ; agreeable to. 2. Rational ; fit. 

GON"GRU-OUS-LY, adv. Suitably; pertinently; agreeably, 
consistently. — Boyle. 

CON'IC, )a. [L. conicus.] 1. Having the form of a 

CON'IC-AL, > cone ; round, and decreasing to a point. 2. 
Pertaining to a cone. — Conic section, a curve fine formed 
by the intersection of a cone and plane. The conic sections 
are the parabola, hyperbola, and ellipse. 

CON'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the form of a cone. 

€ON'I€-AL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being conical. 

CON'ICS, n. That part of geometry which treats of the 
cone and the curves which arise from its sections. 

Co'NI-FER, n. [L.] A plant bearing cones. 

€0-NIF'ER-A, n.pl. [L.] An order of plants, which, like 
the fir and pine, bear cones or tops in which the seeds 
are contained. — Lyell. 

€0-NIF'ER-OU3, a. [L. conifer, coniferus.] Bearing cones , 
producing hard, dry, scaly seed-vessels of a conical figure 
as the pine, fir, cypress, and beech. 

€5'NI-FORM, a. In form of a cone ; conical. 

CO-Nl'I-NA, 1 

CO Ne'I NA 

CO~NIC'INA \ n ' [ Gt - K( x>v£iov.] An alkaloid obtained from 

•PONt'A " ? f c °nium maculatum., the modem officinal 

•PO Nt'TNF hemlock, and its active medicinal principle. 

CO-Ne'iNE, J 

CON-I-SOR'. See Cognisor. 

CO-NI-ROS'TERS, n. pi. [L. conus and rostrum.] A tribe 
of insessorial birds, including those which have a strong 
bill of a conical form, as crows and finches. — Brande. 

CO-NI-ROSTRAL, a. Having a thick conical beak, as crows 
and finches. — Swain son. 

CO-NIS'TRA, n. [Gr.] The pit of a theatre. 

Co'NlTE, n. [Gr. Kovi$.} A variety of magnesian carbonate 
of lime, occurring massive or in stalactites. It contains 
three parts of carbonate of magnesia and one of carbon- 
ate of lime. — Dana. 

t CON-JECT', v. t. To throw together, or to throw. 

t€ON-JE€T', v. i. To guess.— Shak. 

CON-JECT'OR, n. [L.] One who guesses or conjectures. 
—Swift. 

CON-JECTU-RA-BLE, a. That may be guessed or con- 
jectured. 

CON-JECTU-RAL, a. Depending on conjecture ; done or 
said by guess. 

t CON-JECT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. That which depends upon 
guess. — Brown. 

CON-JE€T'U-RAL-LY, adv. Without proof or evidence , 
by conjecture ; by guess. 

CON-JECT'URE (kon-jekfyur), n. [L. conjectural 1. Lit- 
erally, a casting or throwing together of possible or prob 
able events, or a casting of the mind to something future 
or something past, but unknown ; a guess ; supposition 
preponderance of opinion without proof; surmise. 2, 
Idea ; notion. — Shak. 

CON-.IECTURE, v. t. To judge by guess, or by the prob 
ability or the possibility of a fact, or by very slight evi 
dence ; to form an opinion at random. — Syn. To imagine ; 
suspect ; guess ; divine. 

CONJECTURED (kon-jekfyurd).^p. Guessed; surmised. 

CON-JECTUR-ER, n. One who guesses; a guesser; one 
who forms or utters an opinion without proof. 

CON-JECTUR-ING, ppr. Guessing; surmising. 

CON-JOB'BLE, v. t. To settle ; to concert. [A cant word.] 

CON-JOIN', v. t. [Fr. conjoindre.] 1. To join together, with- 
out any thing intermediate ; to unite two or more persons 
or things in close connection. 2. To associate, or connect 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE • -AN"GER, \T'CIOUS.~ € asK;6asJ;Sa3Z;CHasSH;THasin this. ' t Obsolete 



CON 



214 



CON 



CON-JOIN', v. i. To unite ; to join ; to league. — Shak. 

€ON-JOIN'.ED (kon-joind'), pp. or a. Joined to or with ; 
united; associated. 

CON-JOINTNG, ppr. J oining together ; uniting; connecting. 

CON-JOINT, a. United ; connected ; associate. — Conjoint 
degrees, in music, two notes which follow each other im- 
mediately in the order of the scale. — Conjoint tetrachords, 
two tetrachords or fourths, where the same note is the 
highest of one and the lowest of the other. 

CON-JOINTLY, adv. Jointly ; unitedly ; in union ; to- 

2"6t£l61* 

CON-JOINTNES8, n. The state of being conjoined. 
CON'JU-GAL, a. [L. conjugalis.] 1. Belonging to marriage ; 
matrimonial ; connubial. 2. Suitable to the married state ; 
becoming a husband in relation to his consort, or a con- 
sort in relation to her husband. 

€ON'JU-GAL-LY, adv. Matrimonially ; connubially. 

CON'JU-GaTE, v. t. [L. conjugo.] 1. To join ; to unite in 
marriage ; \not now used.] — 2. In gramma?; to distribute 
the parts or inflections of a verb into the several voices, 
modes, tenses, numbers, and persons. 

CON'JU-GATE, n. A word agreeing in derivation with an- 
other word, and therefore generally resembling it in sig- 
nification. 

€ON'JU-GATE, a. In botany, a conjugate leaf is a pinnate 
leaf which has only one pair of leaflets. — Conjugate diam- 
eter, in geometry, a diameter parallel to a tangent at the 
vertex of the primitive diameter. 

CON'JU-Ga-TED, pp. Passed through its various forms. 

€ON'JU-Ga-T1NG, ppr. Passing through its modes of forma- 
tion. 

CON-JU-GITION, n. [L. conjugatio.] 1. A couple or pair. 
— Brown; [little used.] 2. The act of uniting or compil- 
ing ; union ; assemblage. Bentley. — 3. In grammar, the 
distribution of the several inflections or variations of a 
verb, into their different voices, modes, tenses, numbers, 
and persons; a connected scheme of all the derivative 
forms of a verb. 

CON-JUNCT, a. [L. conjunctus.] Conjoined ; united ; con- 
current. — Shak. 

CON-JUNCTION, n. [L. conjunctio.] 1. Union ; connec- 
tion; association by treaty or otherwise. Bacon. — 2. In 
astronomy, heavenly bodies are said to be in conjunction 
when they are seen in the same part of the heaven, or 
have the same longitude, i. e., distance from the first of 
Aries. — 3. In grammar, a connective or connecting word. 
4. The copulation of the sexes. 

CON-JUNCTlVE, a. 1. Closely united.— Shak. 2. Uniting; 
serving to unite. — 3. In grammar, the conjunctive mode is 
that which follows a conjunction, or expresses some con- 
dition, or contingency. It is more generally called sub- 
junctive. 

CON-JUNC'TlVE-LY, adv. In conjunction, or union ; to- 
gether. 

CON-JUNCTlVE-NESS, n. The quality of conjoining or 
uniting. 

CONJUNCTLY, adv. In union ; jointly ; together. 

CON-JUNCTURE (kon-junktfyur), n. [Fr. covjoncture.] 1. 
A joining ; a combination or union, as of causes, events, 
or circumstances. 2. An occasion ; a crisis ; a critical 
time, proceeding from a union of circumstances. 3. Union ; 
connection; mode of union. 4. Connection; union; con- 
eistency._ 

C6N-JU-Ra'TION (kun-ju-r a/shun), n. The act of using cer- 
tain words or ceremonies to obtain the aid of a superior 
being ; the act of summoning in a sacred name ; the prac- 
tice of arts to expel evil spirits, allay storms, or perform 
supernatural or extraordinary acts. 

CON-JuRE', v. t. [L. conjuro.] 1. To call on or summon by 
a sacred name, or in a solemn manner ; to implore with 
solemnity . 2. To bind two or more by an oath ; to unite 
in a common design ; as, " conjured against the Highest." 
— Milton ; [rare.] Hence, intransitively, to conspire ; [not 
usual.] 

CoN'JURE (kun'jur), v. t. To act upon by supernatural in- 
fluence ; as, to conjure the stars. — 2. To conjure up, to raise 
up or frame without reason, or unnaturally ; as, to con- 
Jure up difficulties, to conjure up a plot. 

CoN'JURE (kun'jur), v. i. 1. To practice the arts of a con- 
jurer; to use arts to engage the aid of spirits in perform- 
ing some extraordinary act. — 2. In a vulgar sense, to be- 
have_very strangely ; to act like a witch ; to play tricks. 

CON-JuR .ED (kon-jurd'), pp. Bound by an oath. 

CON-JuRE'MENT, n. Serious injunction ; solemn demand. 
— Milton. 

€6N'JUR-ER (kun'jur-er), n. One who practices conjura- 
tion ; one who pretends to the secret art of performing 
things supernatural or extraordinary by the aid of supe- 
rior powers. Ironically, a man of shrewd conjecture ; a 
man of sagacity. 

CON-JuR'ING, ppr. Enjoining or imploring solemnly. 

CON-NAS'CENCE, n. [L. con and nascor.] 1. The com- 
mon birth of two or more at the same time ; production 



of two or more together. 2. A being born or produced 
with another. 3. The act of growing together or at the 
same time. 

CON'NITE, a. [L. con and natus.] 1. Born with another , 
being of the same birth. — 2. In botany, united in origin , 
growing from one base ; united into one body. 

CON-NaTION, n. Connection by birth; natural union. 

CON-NAT'U-RAL, a. 1. Connected by nature ; united in 
nature ; born with another. 2. Participating of the same 
nature. 

CON-NAT-U-RAL'1-TY, n. Participation of the same na 
ture ; natural union. 

CON-NATU-RAL-lZE, v. t. To connect by nature.— Scott 

CON-NATU-RAL-IZ-.ED, pp. Connected by nature.— More. 

CON-NATU-RAL-IZ-ING, ppr. Connecting by nature. 

CON-NATU-RAL-LY, adv. By the act of nature ; original 
ly. — Hale. 

CON-NATU-RAL-NESS, n. Participation of the same na 
ture ; natural union. — Pearson. 

CON-NECT', v. t. [L. connecto.] 1. Literally, to knit or link 
together ; to tie or fasten together. 2. To conjoin, in al- 
most any manner, either by junction, by any intervening 
means, or by order and relation. — Syn. To unite ; join 
combine ; associate. 

CON-NECT, v. i. To join, unite, or cohere ; to have a clos. 
relation ; as, one line of stages connects with another. 

CON-NECT'ED, pp. or a. Linked together ; united. 

CON-NECTED-LY, adv. By connection; in a connected 
manner. 

CON-NECTING, ppr. or a. Uniting; conjoining. 

CON-NEC'TION, n. [L. connexio.] The act of joining, or 
state of being joined. ; a state of being knit or fastened to- 
gether ; union by junction, by an intervening sxibstance or 
medium, by dependence or relation, or by order in a se- 
ries ; [a word of very general import.] 2. A relation by blood 
or marriage. 3. A religious sect or community ; as, the 
Methodist connection. — Syn. Union ; coherence ; continui- 
ty ; junction ; association ; dependence ; intercourse ; 
commerce ; communication ; affinity ; relationship. 

CON-NECTIVE, a. Having the power of connecting. 

CON-NECTlVE, n. In grammar, a word that connects 
other words and sentences ; a conjunction. — Harris. 

CON-NECT'lVE-LY, adv. In union or conjunction ; joint- 
ly.— Swift. 

t CON-NEX', v. t. [L. connexum.] To link together ; to join. 
— Hall. 

CON-NEX'ION. 7i. Connection. [But, for the sake of reg- 
ular analogy, I have inserted connection, as the derivative 
of the English connect, and would discard connexion.) 

CON-NEX'IVE, a. Connective ; having the powei to con- 
nect ; uniting ; conjunctive. [Little used.] 

t CON-NIC-Ta'TION, n. [L. connicto.] A wmkmg.—Dict. 

CON-Nl VANCE, n. Properly, the act of winking. Hence, 
figuratively, voluntary blindness to an act ; intentional for 
bearance to se|g generally implying consent. 

CON-NlVE', v. £$[L. conniveo.] 1. Literally, to wink; to 
close and op$) the eyelids rapidly. — 2. In a figurative 
sense, to close the eyes upon a fault or other act; to pre- 
tend ignorance or blindness ; to forbear to see ; to over- 
look a fault. 

CON-NlV'EN-CY, n. Connivance, which see. 

CON-NlV'ENT, a. 1. Shutting the eyes ; forbearing to see. 
— 2. In anatomy, the connivent valves are those wrinkles, 
cellules, and vascules which are found on the inside of the 
intestines. — 3. In botany, closely united ; converging to- 
gether. — Eaton. 

CON-NlV ER, n. One who connives. 

CON-NlV'ING, ppr. Closing the eyes against faults ; per 
mitting faults to pass uncensured. 

* CON-NOIS-SEuR' (kon-nis-sur' or ko-nis-sauri), n. [Fr.J 
A person well versed in any subject ; a skillful or knowing 
person ; a critical judge or master of any art, particularly 
of painting and sculpture. 

CON-NOIS-SEuR'SHIP, n. The skill of a connoisseur. 

CON'NO-TaTE, v. t. [con and note ; L. noto.) To designate 
with something else ; to imply. — Hammond. [Rare.] 

CON'NO-Ta-TED, pp. Designated. 

€ON'NO-TA-TING,_ppr. Designating. 

CON-NO-Ta'TION, n. The act of designating with some 
thing; implication of something beside itself; inference 
[Little used.] 

CON-NoTE', v. t. [L. con and nota.] To make known to- 
gether ; to imply ; to denote or designate ; to include. 
[Little used.] 

CON-N5TED, pp. Denoted. 

€ON-Nu'BI-AL, a. [L. connubialis.] Pertaining to marriage , 
nuptial; belonging to the state of husband and wife. 

CON-NU-MER-I'TION. n. A reckoning together. 

CON'NU-SANCE, n. [Fr. connoissance.] Knowledge. Set 
Cognizance. 

CON'NU-SANT, a. Knowing ; informed ; apprised. — 
Browne. 

CON-NU-SOR'. See Cognizok. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c., short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— MARi'NE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



CON 



215 



CON 



€ON-NU-TRI"TIOU8, a. Nourishing together. 

GON'NY, a. [W. cono.] Brave ; fine.— Grose. [Local] 

Go'NOID, n. [Gr. Kix/voeicnS.] 1. In geometry, a solid form- 
ed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. — 2. 
In anatomy, a gland in the third ventricle of the brain. 

CO-NOID'AL, a. Nearly, but not exactly conical. — Lindley. 

CO-NO ID'IG, \a. Pertaining to a conoid; having the 

GO-NOID'I€-AL, j form of a conoid. 

GO-NOM-I-NEE', n. One nominated with another. 

GON-QUAD'RATE, v. t. To bring into a square. 

CON-QUAS'SaTE, v.t. [L. conquasso.] To shake. — Harvey. 
[Little used.] 

eON-QUAS'SI-TED.jRp. Shaken. 

fCON-QUAS-SI'TION, n. Agitation; concussion. 

GON-OUAS'SI-TING, ppr. Shaking. 

GON'QUER (konk'er), v. t. [Fr. conquerir.] 1. To reduce, 
by physical force, till resistance is no longer made. 2. To 
take possession by violent means ; to gain dominion or 
sovereignty over ; as, to conquer a nation. 3. To subdue 
opposition or resistance of the will by moral force ; to 
overcome by argument, persuasion, or other influence. 4. 
To overcome, as difficulties ; to surmount, as obstacles ; 
to subdue whatever opposes. 5. To gain or obtain by ef- 
fort ; as, to conquer freedom, i. e., obtain by conquering : 
[a French usage, not fully established.] — Syn. To subdue ; 
vanquish ; overcome ; overpower ; overthrow ; defeat : 
route ; discomfit ; subjugate ; reduce ; humble ; crush ; 
surmount ; subject ; master, 

GON'QUER v. i. To overcome ; to gain the victory. 

CONQUER- A-BLE, a. That may be conquered, overcome, 
or subdued. 

GON'QUER-A-BLE-NESS, n. A state that admits of being 
conquered. 

CONQUERED (konk'erd), pp. or a. Overcome ; subdued ; 
vanquished; gained; won. 

CON'QUER-ESS, n. A female who conquers; a victorious 
female. 

CON'QUER-ING, ppr. or a. Overcoming; subduing; van- 
quishing ; obtaining. 

CON'QUER-ING-LY, adv. By conquering. 

GON'QUER-OR (konk'er-or), n. One who conquers ; one 
who gains a victory ; one who subdues and brings into 
subjection or possession, by force or by influence. 

eON'QUEST (konk'west), n. [Fr. conquete.] 1. The act of 
conquering : the act of overcoming or vanquishing oppo- 
sition by force, physical or moral. 2. Success in arms ; 
the overcoming of opposition ; as, the joys of conquest. 3. 
That which is" conquered ; possession gained by force, 
physical or moral ; as, that island was a valuable conquest. 
— 4. In a feudal sense, acquest; acquisition; the acquiring 
of property by other means than by inheritance. Black- 
stone. — 5. In the law of nations, the acquisition of sov- 
ereignty by force of arms. 6. The act of gaining or re- 
gaining by effort; as, the conquest of freedom; [French 
usageJ] — Syn. Victory ; subjiigation ; subjection ; tri- 
umph. 

GON-SAN-GUIN'E-OUS, a. [L.consangui7ieus.] Of the same 
blood ; related by birth ; descended from the same parent 
or ancestor. 

GON-SAN-GUINI-TY, n. [L. consanguinitas.] The relation 
of persons by blood; the relation or connection of persons 
descended from the same stock or common ancestor. — 
Syn. — Kindred ; relationship. 

GON-SaR-CIN-a'TION, ti. The act of patching together. 

GON'SCIENCE (kon'shens), n. [FT.,fromL.conscientia.] 1. 
Internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right and wrong ; 
or the faculty, power, or principle within us, which de- 
cides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our own ac- 
tions and affections, and instantly approves or condemns 
them. It is called by some writers the moral sense. 2. 
The estimate or determination of conscience ; justice ; 
honesty ; as, I can not, in conscience, do it. 3. Real senti- 
ment; private thoughts; truth ; as, "Do you in conscience 
think it is so ?" 4. Consciousness ; knowledge of our own 
actions or thoughts. [This primary sense of the word is 
nearly, perhaps icholly, obsolete.] 5. Knowledge of the ac- 
tions of others. Ben Jonson.—Q. In ludicrous language, 
reason or reasonableness; as, "This, in all conscience, 
should satisfy you." — To make conscience, or a matter of 
conscience, is to act according to the dictates of conscience. 
— Court of Conscience, in England, a court established for 
the recovery of small debts in London, and other trading 
cities anj <v,stricts. 

CONSCIENCE-PROOF, a. Proof against the compunc- 
tions of conscience. 

CONSCIENCE-SMITTEN, a. Stung by conscience. 

CON'SCIENCED (kon'shenst), a. Having conscience. 

GON'SCIENCE-LESS, a. Having no conscience. — Hooker. 

TCON'SCIENT, a. Conscious.— Bacon. 

GON-SCI-ENTIOUS (kon-she-en'shus), a. 1. Governed by 
a strict regard to the dictates of conscience. 2. Regulated 
by conscience; as, a conscientious discharge of duty. — 
Syn. Scrupulous ; exact. 



CON-SCI-ENTIOUS-LY, adv. According to the directioo 
of conscience ; with a strict regard to right and wrong. 

GON-SCI-ENTIOUS-NESS, n. A scrupulous regard to the 
decisions of conscience ; a sense of justice, 

GON'SCTON-A-BLE, a. According to conscience , reasona- 
ble; just. 

GON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reasonableness ; equity. 

GON'SCION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner agreeable to con 
science; reasonably; justly. 

CONSCIOUS (kon'shus), a. [L. conscius.] 1. Possessing 
the faculty or power of knowing one's own thoughts 
or mental operations. 2. Knowing from memory, or with- 
out extraneous information ; as, I am not conscious of hav- 
ing done it. 3. Knowing by consciousness, or internal per- 
ception or persuasion. — Syn. Aware ; apprized ; sensible. 

GON'SCIOUS-L {, adv. With knowledge of one's own men- 
tal operations or actions. 

GON'SCIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The knowledge of sensations 
and mental operations, or of what passes in one's own 
mind ; the. act of the mind which makes known an inter- 
nal object. 2. Internal sense or knowledge of guilt or in- 
nocence. 3. Certain knowledge from observation or ex- 
perience. — Gibbon. 

GON'SGRIPT, a. [L. conscriptus.] Written; enrolled; as 
conscript fathers, the senators of Rome, so called because 
their names were written in the register of the senate. 

GON'SGRIPT, n. One taken by lot from the conscription 
list, and compelled to serve as a soldier or sailor ; [a word 
used in France.] 

GON-SCRIP'TION, n. [L. conscriptio.] 1. An enrolling or 
registering. 2. A compulsory enrollment of individuals 
for military or naval service, a system which existed 
among the Romans, and was adopted in Franr-e during 
the Revolution. 

GON'SE-GRaTE, v. t. [L. consecro.] 1. To make or declare 
to be sacred, by certain ceremonies or rites ; to appropri- 
ate to sacred uses ; to set apart, dedicate, or devote to the 
service of God. 2. To canonize ; to exalt to the rank of a 
saint; to enroll among the gods. 3. To set apart and 
bless the elements in the eucharist. 4. To render venera- 
ble ; to make respected ; as, maxims consecrated by time. 
— Syn. To sanctify ; devote ; dedicate ; hallow. 

GON'SE-GRITE, a. Sacred; consecrated; devoted; dedi 
cated. 

GON'SE-GRI-TED, pp. or a. Made sacred by ceremonies 
or solemn rites ; separated from a common to a sacred 
use ; dedicated to the service of God ; made venerable. 

GON'SE-GRa-TED-NESS, n. State of being consecrated. 

GON'SE-GRa-TING, ppr. or a. Making sacred ; appropria- 
ting to a sacred use; dedicating to the service of God; 
devoting ; rendering venerable. 

GON-SE-GRa'TION, n. 1. The act or ceremony of sepa- 
rating from a common to a sacred use, or of devoting and 
dedicating a person or thing to the service and worship 
of God, by certain rites or solemnities. 2. Canonization ; 
the act of publicly enrolling or numbering among the ac 
knowledged saints or gods ; the ceremony of the apothe 
osis of an emperor. 3. The benediction of the elements 
in the eucharist ; the act of setting apart and blessing fee 
elements in the communion. 

GON'SE-GRa-TOR, n. One who consecrates; one who 
performs the rites by which a person or thing is devoted 
or dedicated to sacred purposes. 

GON'SE-GRA-TO-RY, a. Making sacred.— Bp. Morton. 

GON-SEG-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Following of course.— Gilbert. 

GON'SEG-TA-RY, a. [L. consectarius.] Following; conse- 
quent; consequential; deducible. 

GON'SEG-TA-RY, n. That which follows ; consequence , 
deduction from premises ; corollary. 

GON-SE-Gu'TION, n. [L. consecutio.] 1. A following or se- 
quel ; train of consequences from premises ; series of de- 
ductions. 2. Succession ; series of things that follow each 
other. 

GON-SECU-TtVE, a. [It. consecutivo.] 1. Following in a 
train ; succeeding one another in a regular order ; suc- 
cessive ; uninterrupted in course or succession. 2. Fol 
lowing; consequential: succeeding. — 3. Consecutive chords. 
in music, imply a succession or repetition of the same con- 
sonance in similar motion. 

GON-SECU-TtVE-LY, adv. By way of consequence or 
succession. 

GON-SEC'U-TIVE-NESS, n. State of being consecutive. 

t GON-SEM'I-NaTE, v. t. [L. consemino.] To sow different 
seeds together. — Diet. 

GON-SE-NES'CENCE, \n. [L. consenesco.] A growing 

GON-SE-NES'CEN-CY, j old; decay from zge.—Ray. 

GON-SEN'SION, n. [L. consensio.] Agreement ; accord. 
[Little used.] 

GON-SENT', n. [L. consensus.] 1. Agreement of the mind 
to what is proposed or stated by another ; accord ; hence, 
a yielding of the mind or will to that which is proposed. 
2. Accord of minds ; agreement ; unity of opinion ; as 
with one consent. 3. Agreement ; coherence : corrt:- 



DO VE ;— BULL. UNITE r -AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. > t Obs.-lete 



CON 



216 



CON 



spondence in parts, qualities, or operation. — 4. In the ani- 
mal economy, an agreement, or sympathy, by which one 
affected part of the system affects some distant part. — 
Syn. Assent; acquiescence; concurrence; free-will. 

eON-SENT', v. i. [L. conseutio.] 1. Literally, to think with 
another. Hence, to agree or accord. More generally, 
to agree in mind and will ; to yield to what one has the 
power, the right, or the disposition, to withhold, or refuse 
to grant. — Syn. To accede ; yield ; assent ; comply ; agree ; 
allow; concede; permit; admit. 

€ON-SEN-TA-Ne'I-TY, n. Mutual agreement. 

€ON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. consentaneous.] Agreeable; 
accordant ; consistent with ; suitable. 

€ON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Agreeably; consistently; 
suitably. 

€ON-SEN-TI'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Agreement ; accordance ; 
consistency. — Diet. 

€ON-SENT'ER, n. One who consents. 

■€ON-SENTIENT (kon-sen'shent), a. [L. consentiens.] Agree- 
ing in mind ; accordant in opinion. 

•eON'SE-QUENCE, n. [L. consequential 1. That which fol- 
lows from any act, cause, principle, or series of actions. 
Hence, an event or effect produced by some preceding 
act or cause ; a result or issue. — 2. In logic, a proposition 
collected from the agreement of other previous proposi- 
tions ; the conclusion which results from reason or argu- 
ment; inference; deduction. 3. Connection of cause and 
effect; consecution. 4. Influence ; tendency, as to effects; 
weight ; moment ; avail ; as, a thing of no consequence. 5. 
Importance ; extensive influence ; distinction ; as, a per- 
son of great consequence. — In consequence, by means of; as 
the effect of. 

€ON'SE-QUENT, a. [L. consequens.] 1. Following, as the 
natural effect. 2. Following by necessary inference or 
rational deduction. 

€ON'SE-Q,UENT, n. 1. Effect ; that which follows a cause. 
2. That which follows from propositions by rational de- 
duction ; that which is deduced from reasoning or argu- 
mentation ; a conclusion or inference. 

€ON-SE-QJUENTIAL, a. 1. Following as the effect; pro- 
duced by the connection of effects with causes ; as, " a 
consequential ill." — Prior. 2. Having the consequence 
iustly connected with the premises; conclusive. 3. As- 
suming the air of a person of consequence ; pompous ; 
as, a consequential personage ; [applied to persons]. 

€ON-SE-QJJEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With just deduction of 
consequences ; with right connection of ideas. 2. By con- 
sequence ; not immediately ; eventually. 3. In a regular 
series ; in the order of cause and effect. 4. With assumed 
importance ; with conceit. 

€ON-SE-Q_UEN'TIAL-NESS, n. Regular consecution in 
discourse. 

■CON'SE-QUENT-LY, adv. By consequence ; by necessary 
connection of effects with their causes ; in consequence 
of something. 

■GON'SE-QUENT-NESS, n. Regular connection of proposi- 
tions following each other ; consecution of discourse. 
[Little used.] 

CON-SERTION, n. [L. consero.] Junction ; adaptation. — 
Young. 

•eON-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be kept or preserved from 
decay or injury. 

€ON-SERV'AN-CY, n. [L. conservans.] A court of con- 
servancy is held by the lord-mayor of London, for tae 
preservation of the fishery on the Thames. 

-GON-SERV'ANT, a. Preserving; having the powsr or 
quality of preserving from decay or destruction. 

■eON-SER-VI'TION, n. [L. conservation The act of pre- 
serving, guarding, or protecting; preservation from loss, 
decay, injury, or violation ; the keeping of a thing in a safe 
or entire state. 

€ON-SERV'A-TISM, n. The desire and effort to preserve 
what is established. 

€ON-SERV'A-TIVE, a. Preservative ; having power to pre- 
serve in a safe or entire state, or from loss, waste, or in- 
jury. 

€ON-SERV'A-TlVE, n. One who aims to preserve from 
ruin, innovation, injury, or radical change ; one who wishes 
to maintain an institution, or form of government, in its 
present state. [Modern usage.] 
«ON-SER-Va'TOR, n. 1. A preserver ; one who preserves 
from injury or violation. Appropriately, an officer who 
has the charge of preserving the public peace, as judges 
and sheriffs ; also, an officer who has the charge of pre- 
serving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation, or 
community. — 2. In Connecticut, a person appointed to 
superintend idiots, lunatics, &c, manage then property, 
and preserve it from waste. 
JON-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of preserving 

from loss, decay, or injury. 
SON-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. 1. A place for preserving any 
thing in a state desired, as from loss, decay, waste, or in- 
jury. 2. A green-house for exotics, often attached to a 



dwelling as an ornament. In large conservatories the 
plants are reared in the free soil, and noi in pots. 3. A 
society for the promotion of music. 

CON-SERVE' (kon-serv'), v. t. [L. coiiservo.] To keep in a 
safe or sound state ; to save ; to preserve from loss, de- 
cay, waste, or injury ; to defend from violation. 

€ON'SERVE, n. 1. A sweetmeat made of fresh fruits, and 
beat into a uniform mass with fine sugar, and without 
boiling. — 2. In pharmacy, a similar preparation designed to 
preserve the flowers, herbs, roots, or fruits of simples, as 
nearly as possible, in their natural fresh state. 3. A con- 
servatory ; [not usual.] 

CON-SERV.ED (kon-servd'), pp. Preserved in a safe and 
sound state ; guarded , kept ; maintained ; protected ; pre- 
pared with sugar. 

CON-SERVER, n. One who conserves ; one who keeps 
from loss or injury ; one who lays up for preservation , 
a preparer of conserves. 

€ ON-SERVING, ppr. Keeping in safety ; defending; main 
tabling ; preparing with sugar. 

€ON-SES'SION (-sesh'un), n. [L. consessio.] A sitting to- 
gether. [Little used.] 

CON-SES'SOR, n. One who sits with others. [Little used.^ 

CON-SID'ER, v. t. [L. considero.] 1. To fix the mind on, 
with a view to a careful examination ; to think on witb 
care. 2. To view attentively ; to observe and examine. 
3. To attend to ; to relieve ; as, to consider the poor. 4. 
To have regard to ; to respect. 5. To take into view in 
examination, or into account in estimates ; as, to consider 
one's services. 6. In the imperative, consider is equivalent 
to think with care, attend, examine the subject with a 
view to truth or the consequences of a measure. 7. To 
requite ; to reward ; particularly for gratuitous services.— » 
Syn. To ponder ; weigh ; revolve ; study ; meditate on , 
contemplate ; examine. 

€ON-SID'ER, v. i. 1. To think seriously, maturely, or care- 
fully. 2. To turn in the mind, a3 in the case of a single 
person ; to deliberate or consult, as numbers. — Syn. To 
reflect ; ponder ; deliberate. 

€ON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a. [Ft., Sp.J 1. That may be consid- 
ered ; that is to be observed, remarked, or attended to. 
[This primary use of the word very rarely occurs.] 2. 
Worthy of consideration ; worthy of regard or attention. 

3. Respectable; deserving of notice; of some distinction. 

4. Important; valuable; or moderately large, according 
to the subject. 

€ON-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Some degree of importance, 
moment, or dignity ; a degree of value or importance that 
deserves notice. 

€ON-SID'ER-A-BLY, ado. In a degree deserving notice ; 
in a degree not trifling, or unimportant. 

t €ON-SID'ER-ANCE, n. Consideration; reflection; sober 
thought. 

CON-SID'ER-ATE, a. [L. consideratus.] 1. Given to con- 
sideration, or to sober reflection ; hence, circumspect ; 
not hasty or rash; not negligent. 2. Having respect to; 
regardful ; [little used.] 3. Moderate ; not rigorous ; as, 
he was considerate in his demands. — Syn. Thoughtful ; re- 
flective; careful; discreet; prudent; deliberate; serious. 

CON-SID'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With deliberation; with due 
consideration ; calmly ; prudently. 

CON-SID'ER- ATE-NESS, n. Prudence ; calm deliberation 

CON-SID-ER.-ATION, n. [L. consideration 1. The act of 
considering ; mental view ; regard ; notice. 2. Mature 
thought; serious deliberation. 3. Contemplation; medi 
tation. 4. Some degree of importance ; claim to notice, 
or regard ; a moderate degree of respectability. 5. That 
which is considered ; motive of action ; influence ; ground 
of conduct. 6. Reason ; that which induces to a determi- 
nation. — 7. In law, the reason which moves a contracting 
party to enter into an agreement ; the material cause of a 
contract ; the price or motive of a stipulation. 

CON-SID'ER-A-TIVE, a. Taking into consideration. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

tCON-SID'ER-X-TOR, n. He who is given to consideration. 



€ON-SID'ER.ED, pp. Thought of with care; pondered; 
viewed attentively ; deliberated on ; examined. 

CON-SID'ER-ER, n. A thinker ; one who considers ; a man 
of reflection. 

CON-SID'ER-ING,#pr. Fixing the mind on ; meditating on ; 
pondering ; viewing with care and attention ; deliberating 
on. — [Note. We have a peculiar use of this word, which 
may be a corruption for considered, or which may be a 
deviation from analogy by an insensible change in the 
structure of the phrase. " It is not possible for us to act 
otherwise, considering the weakness of our nature."] 

CON-SID'ER-ING, n. The act of deliberating, or carefully 
attending to ; hesitation. 

CON-SID'ER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera 
tion. 

CON-SIGN' (kon-sine'), v. t. [L. consigno.] 1. To give, send, 
or set over ; to transfer or deliver into the possession of 



See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



CON 



217 



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another, or into a different state, with the sense of fixed- 
ness in that state, or permanence of possession ; as, to 
consign the bady to the tomb. 2. To deliver or transfer, 
as a charge or trust ; as, to consign a child to the care of 
any one; to consign a cargo to a merchant. 3. To set 
over or commit, for permanent preservation ; as, to con- 
sign these events to history. — Syn. To deliver ; commit ; 
intrust; resign. 

GON-SlGN' (kon-sine'), v. i. To submit to the same terms 
with another ; also, to sign ; to agree or consent. 

t GON-SIG'NA-TA-RY, n. One to whom is consigned any 
trust or business. 

GON-SIG-N1TION, n. The act of consigning; the act of 
delivering or committing to another person, place, or state. 
[Little used.] 

GON-SIG'NA-TURE, n. Full signature; joint signing or 
stamping. 

€ON-SIGN'.ED (kon-sind'), pp. Delivered; committed for 
keeping, or management ; deposited in trust. 

€ON-SIGN'EE (kon-se-nee'), it. The person to whom goods 
or other things are delivered in trust, for sale or superin- 
tendence ; a factor. 

GON-SlGN'EP> C (kon-sin'er) ) , n. The person who con- 

CON-SlGN-OR' | (kon-se-nor') $ signs ; one who sends, de- 
livers, or commits goods to another for sale, or a ship for 
superintendence, &c. 

GON-SIG-NIF-I-GI'TION, n. Joint signification. 

GON-SIG-NIF'I-CA-TlVE, a. Having a like signification, or 
jointly significative. 

GON-SIGN'ING, ppr. Delivering to another in trust ; send- 
ing, or committing. 

GON-SlGN'MENT (kon-sine'ment), n. 1. The act of con- 
signing ; consignation ; the act of sending or committing, 
as a charge for safe-keeping or management; the act of 
depositing with, as goods for sale. 2. The thing consigned ; 
the goods sent or delivered to a factor for sale. 3. The 
writing by which any thing is consigned. 

CON-SIM'I-LAR, a. Having common resemblance. [Rare.] 

GON-SI-MIL'I-TUDE, n. Resemblance. [Little used.] 

t €ON-Si-MIL'I-TY, n. Resemblance.— A ubrey. 

GON-SIST', v. i. [L. consisto.] 1. To stand together ; to be 
in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts 
in union or connection. Hence, to be; to exist; to sub- 
sist ; to be supported and maintained ; as, by him all things 
consist ; [little used.] 2. In the more common use of this 
word, the meaning is modified by the preposition which 
follows. (1.) To consist of, points' to the various parts of 
which the whole is composed; as, this book consists of 
passages selected from the best writers. (2.) To consist 
in, points to that in which the thing spoken of stands, or 
has its being, i. e., consists as, repentance consists in 
hating and renouncing sin. (3.) To consist with, points to 
some object in connection with which the thing spoken of 
stands, or has its being ; as, " health consists with temper- 
ance alone." — Pope. Thus it denotes, to agree, to be com- 
patible with. (4.) To consist togetiier, to co-exist ; to have 
being concurrently. 

GON-SIST'ENCE, \n. 1. A standing together; a being 

GON-SIST'EN-C Y, } fixed in union, as the parts of a body ; 
that state of a body in which component parts remain 
fixed. 2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite. 
3. Substance; make; firmness of constitution. 4. A stand- 
ing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct, &c. ; 
agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing 
among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at dif- 
ferent times ; congruity ; uniformity. 5. A standing ; a 
state of rest, in which things capable of growth or de- 
crease remain for a time at a stand. 

€ON-SIST'ENT, a. [L. consistens.] 1. Fixed; firm; not 
fluid. 2. Standing together or in agreement ; compatible ; 
congruous; uniform; accordant; consonant. 

GON-SISTENT-LY, adv. In a consistent manner ; in agree- 
ment; agreeably. 

GON-SIS-To-RI-AL, > a. Pertaining or relating to a consist- 

GON-SIST'O-RY, j ory, or ecclesiastical court of an 

archbishop or bishop. 
GON-SIS-To'RI-AN, a. Relating to an order of Presbyterian 

assemblies. 
* CON-SISTO-RY, n. [L. consistorium.] 1. Primarily, a 
place of meeting ; a council-house, or place of justice. — 2. 
In the English Church, a place of justice in the spiritual 
court, or the court itself; the court of every diocesan 
bishop, held in their cathedral churches, for the trial of ec- 
clesiastical causes. — 3. In the Roman Catholic Church, an 
assembly of prelates ; the college of cardinals at Rome. 4. 
A solemn assembly or council. 5. A place of redden ce ; 
[not used.] 6. In some churches, as the Dutch, a consist- 
ory is the lowest tribunal, corresponding to a church ses- 
sion ; and, in others, it is composed of ministers and elders, 
corresponding to a presbytery. 
€ON-So'CIATE, n. [L. consociatus.] An associate ; a part- 
ner or confederate ; an accomplice. — Hayward. 
GON-So'CLITE, v. t. [L. consociatus.] 1. To unite ; to join ; 



to associate. 2. To cement, or hold in dose union. 3 
To unite in an assembly or convention, as pastors and 
messengers, or delegates of churches. — Saybrooh Platform. 
GON-So'CIaTE, v. i. 1. To unite; to coalesce. 2. To 
unite, or meet in a body ; to form a consociation of pas- 
tors and messengers. — Saybrook Platform. 
GON-So'CII-TED. pp. or a. Associated in a body. 
GON-So'CIa-TING, ppr. Uniting in a body. 
GON-SO-CI-a'TION (kon-so-she-a'shun), n. 1. Intimate union 
of persons ; fellowship ; alliance ; companionship ; union 
of things. — Wotton. 2. An assembly of the pastors and 
delegates of the Congregational churches within a certain 
district, forming a court of appeal; [Connecticut.] 
GON-SO-CI-A'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to consociation. 
GON-SoL'A-BLE, a. That admits comfort; capable of re- 
ceiving consolation, 
t GON'SO-LaTE, v. t. To comfort. 

CON-SO-LI'TION, n. [L. consolatio.] 1. Comfort; allevia- 
tion of misery, or distress of mind ; refreshment of mind 
or spirits. 2. That which comforts, or refreshes the spirits ; 
the cause of comfort. 
GON'SO-LI-TOR, n. One who comforts. 
GON-SOL'A-TO-RY, a. [L. consolatorius.] 'Tending to 
give comfort ; refreshing to the mind ; assuaging grief. 
GON-SOLA-TO-RY, n. A speech or writing containing 

topics of comfort. — Milton. [ Obs.] 
GON-SoLE', v. t. [L. consolor.] To cheer the mind in dis- 
tress or depression ; to alleviate grief, and give refresh- 
ment to the mind or spirits ; to give contentment or mod- 
erate happiness by relieving from distress. — Syn. To com- 
fort ; solace ; soothe ; cheer ; sustain ; encourage ; sup- 
port^ 
GON'SoLE. n. [Fr.] In architecture, a bracket, often in the 
form of the letter S, to support a cornice, &c. ; or an orna- 
ment cut upon the key of an arch. 
GON-SoL'JED (kon-sold), pp. Comforted; cheered. 
GON-SoL'ER, n. One who gives comfort. 
GON-SOL'I-DANT, a. Having the quality of uniting wounda 

or forming new flesh. 
GON-SOL'I-DANT, n. A medicine that heals or unites the 

parts of wounded flesh. — Coxe. 
GON-SOL'1-DaTE, v. t. [It. consolidare.] 1. To make solid, 
to press together loose or separate parts, and form a com. 
pact mass; to harden or make dense and firm. 2. To 
unite the parts of a broken bone, or the lips of a wound, 
by means of applications. 3. In a more general sense, to 
unite various particulars into one mass or body; as, to 
consolidate the forces of an army ; to consolidate various 
funds. Hence, in parliamentary usage, to consolidate two 
bills, is to unite them into one. — In law, to consolidate 
benefices, is to combine them into one. — Syn. To unite; 
combine ; harden ; compact ; condense ; compress. 
GON-SOL'I-DITE, v. i. To grow firm and hard ; to unite 

and becomesolid. 
GON-SOL'I-DITE, a. Formed into a solid mass. 
GON-SOL'I-DI-TED, pp. or a. Make solid, hard, or com- 
pact; united. 
GON-SOL'I-DI-TING, ppr. Making solid; uniting. 
GON-SOL-I-Da'TION, n. 1. The act of making, or process 
of becoming, solid ; the act of forming into a firm, com- 
pact mass, body, or system. 2. The uniting of several 
particulars into one body ; as, a consolidation of the funds. 
Hence, 3. The annexing of one bill to another in parlia- 
ment or legislation. 4. The combining of two benefices 
in one. 5. The uniting of broken bones or wounded 
flesh, 
t GON-SOL'I-DA-TlVE, a. Tending to consolidate ; healing. 
GON-SoL'ING, ppr. or a. Giving consolation ; comforting. 
GON'SOLS, n. pi. In England, thiee per cent, annuities 
granted at different times, and at last consolidated into 
one stock or fund. They constitute nearly half the pub- 
lic debt, and hence their rise or fall is taken as an index 
of the state of stocks. — Brande. 
GON'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr., from L. conso?iantia.] 1. Accord 
or agreement of sounds. — In music, consonance is an ac- 
cord of sounds simultaneously produced, which creates an 
agreeable sensation in the ear. — 2. In a more general sense, 
the agreement of one thing with another ; as, consonance 
of views and feelings. — Syn. Agreement; accord; con- 
sistency ; unison ; harmony ; congruity ; suitableness ; 
agreeableness. 
GON'SO-NANT, a. 1. Agreeing ; according ; congruous ; 

consistent. — 2. In music, composed of consonances. 
GON'SO-NANT, n. 1. An element of speech having either 
no vocality. as p and the other mutes, or only an imper- 
fect vocality, as b, I, &c. For this reason, consonants are 
ordinarily sounded only in connection with vowels, and 
hence their name. 2. A letter or character standing for 
a consonant sound. 
GON'SO-NANT-LY, adv. Consistently ; in agreement. 
GON'SO-NANT-NESS, n. Agreeableness ; consistency. 
GON'SO-NOUS, a. [L. consonus.] Agreeing in sound ; sym 
phonious. 



DOVE ;- -BULL, UNI1 E ;— AN"GER, Vi"C10US — G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete 



(JON 



218 



CON 



t 4JON-SOT1-&.TE, v. t. To lull asleep. 
CON-SO-PI- A'TION, n. A lulling asleep. 
CON'SO-PjTE, v. t. [L. consopio7] To compose ; to lull to 
sleep. 

f CQN'SO-PlTE, a. Calm ; composed. — Mare. 

<30N'SORT, n. [L. consors.] 1. A companion ; a partner ; 
an intimate associate ; particularly, a partner of the bed ; 
a wile or husband. 2. An assembly or association of per- 
sons convened for consultation ; [obs.] 3. Union ; con- 
junction ; concurrence. 4. A number of instruments 
played together ; a symphony ; a concert. [In the last 
two senses, concert is now used.] — 5. In navigation, any 
vessel keeping company with another. — Queen consort, 
the wife of a king, as distinguished from a queen regent, 
who rules alone, and a queen dowager, the widow of a 
king. 

CON-SORT, v. i. To associate ; to unite in company ; to 
keep company. 

CON-SORT', v. t. 1. To join; to marry. 2. To unite in 
company. 3. To accompany ; [not used.] 

CON-SORTA-BLE, a. Suitable.— Wotton. 

€ON-SORT'ED, pp. United in marriage. 

CON-SORT-'ING, ppr. Uniting in company with ; associa- 
ting. 

t €ON-SOR'TION (-shun), n. Fellowship.— Rro»«. 

CON'SORT-SHIP, n. Fellowship; partnership. 

CON'SOUND, n. The name of several species of plants. 

t CON-SPEC'TA-BLE, a. [L. conspectus.] Easy to be seen. 

CON-SPECTION, n. A beholding. [Not used.] 

€ON-SPE€-T0'I-TY, n. Sight ; view. [Not used.] 

CON-SPER'_SION, n. A sprinkling. [Not used.] 

CON-SPI-€u'I-TY, n. Conspicuousness ; brightness.— Shak. 
[Little used.] 

CON-SPIC'U-OUS, a. [L. conspicuus.] 1. Open to the view; 
obvious to the eye ; easy to be seen ; manifest. 2. Obvi- 
ous to the mental eye ; clearly or extensively known, per- 
ceived, or understood. Hence, eminent ; famous ; distin- 
guished ; illustrious ; prominent ; celebrated. 

CON-SPIC'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a conspicuous manner ; ob- 

1 viously ; in a manner to be clearly seen ; eminently ; re- 
markably. 

€ON-SPI€'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Openness or exposure to 
the view ; a state of being visible at a distance. 2. Emi- 
nence ; lame ; celebrity ; renown ; a state of being extens- 
ively known and distinguished. 

CON-SPIRA-CY, n. [L. conspiration 1. A combination of 
men for an evil purpose ; an agreement between two or 
more persons to commit some crime in concert ; particu- 
larly, a combination to commit treason, or excite sedition 
or insurrection against the government of a state. — 2. In 
law, an agreement between two or more persons, falsely 
and maliciously to indict, or procure to be indicted, an in- 
nocent person of felony. 3. A concurrence ; a general 
tendency of two or more causes to one event. — Syn. Com- 
bination ; plot ; cabal. 

€ON-SPiR'ANT, a. [L. conspirans.] Conspiring; plotting; 
engaging in a plot to commit a crime. 

€ON-SPI-Ra'TION, n. Conspiracy ; agreement or concur- 
rence of things to one end. 

CON-SPIR'A-TOR, n. 1. One who conspires ; one who en- 
gages in a plot to commit a crime, particularly treason. — 
2. In law. one who agrees with another falsely and mali- 
ciously to indict an innocent person of felony. 

€ON-SPlRE', v. i. [L. conspiro.] 1. Literally, to breathe to- 
gether ; hence,' to concur to one end ; as, every thing con- 
spired to promote his elevation. 2. To agree, by oath, cov- 
enant, or otherwise, to commit a crime ; to plot ; to hatch 
treason. — 3. In law, to agree falsely and maliciously to in- 
dict an innocent person of felony. — Syn. To unite ; con- 
cur ; combine ; complot ; confederate. 

€ON-SPlR'ER, n. One who conspires or plots ; a conspir- 
ator.— Sltak. 

€ON-SPlR'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Uniting or concurring to one 
end. 2. Agreeing to commit a crime ; plotting.— 3. Con- 
spiring forces, in mechanics, are forces which act obliquely 
to each other, but which may be severally resolved into 
two parts, one of which, in each case, acts in the same di- 
rection with the other. 

€ON-SPIR'ING-LY, adv. In the manner of a conspiracy ; 
by conspiracy. — Milton. 

€ON-SPIS-SaTION, n. [L. conspissatus.] The act of mak- 
ing thick or viscous ; thickness. 

tCON'SPUR-CXTE, v. t. [L. conspurco.] To defile. 

tCON-SPUR-CXTION, n. [L. conspurco.] The act of de- 
filing; defilement; pollution. 

€6N'STA-BLE (kun'6ta-bl), n. [Sp. condestable ; It. conesta- 
bile; Fr. connctable; L. comes stabuli.] 1. A high officer 
in the monarchical establishments of the middle ages. 
The lord-high-constable of England was the seventh offi- 
cer of the crown. He had the care of the common peace. 
in deeds of arms, and matters of war ; being a judge of 
the court of chivalry, now called the court of honor. 2. An 
officer of the peace. — In England, there are high consta- 



bles, petty constables, and constables of Lone" on. Thetr 
duty is to keep the peace, and for this purpose they are 
invested with the power of arresting and imprisoning, and 
of breaking open houses. — 3. In the United States, consta- 
bles are town-officers of the peace, with powers similar to 
those possessed by the constables in Great Britain. They 
are invested, also, with powers to execute civil as well aa 
criminal process, and to levy executions. — To overrun tht 
constable, to spend more than a man is worth or can pay ; 
[a vulgar phrase.] 

C6N'STA-BLER-Y (kun'sta-bler-ry), n. The body or juris- 
diction of constables. 

€6N'STA-BLE-SHIP, n. The office of a constable. 

€6N'STA-BLE-WI€K, n. The district to which a consta 
ble's power is limited. — Hale. 

CoN-STAB'U-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to constables ; consist' 
ing of constables. 

CON'STAN-CY, n. [L. constantia.] 1. A standing firm , 
hence, applied to God or his works, immutability ; unal- 
terable continuance ; a permanent state. 2. A firm state 
of mind ; persevering resolution ; steady, unshaken deter- 
mination ; lasting affection ; stability in love or friendship. 
3. Certainty ; veracity ; reality. Shak. — Syn. Fixedness ; 
stability ; firmness ; steadiness ; permanence ; steadfast- 
ness ; resolution. 

CON'STANT, a. [L. constans.] 1. Fixed ; firm ; opposed to 
.fluid. [In this sense not used.] 2. Not varied ; without 
change or alteration ; immutable. 3. Fixed or firm in 
mind, purpose, affection, or principle. 4. Certain ; steady ; 
firmly adherent ; as, constant to duty. 5. Without inter- 
mission ; as, constant fluctuation. — SrN. Fixed ; steadfast ; 
unchanging ; permanent ; unalterable ; immutable ; inva- 
riable ; perpetual ; continual ; resolute ; firm ; unshaken , 
determined. 

CON'STANT, n. In physics, that which remains unchanged 
or invariable. Thus, a quantity, force, law, &c, when it 
continues unchanged, is called a constant. 

CON-STAN-TI-NO-POL'I-TAN, a. Relating to Constantino- 
ple, the metropolis of the empire of Turkey. 

€ON'STANT-LY, adv. Firmly; steadily; invariably; con- 
tinually ; perseveringly ; perpetually ; incessantly. 

CON'STAT, n. [L.] 1. In England, a certificate given by 
the clerk of the pipe and auditors of the exchequer to a 
person who intends to plead or move for a discharge of 
any thing in that court. The effect of it is to show what 
appears upon the record, respecting the matter in question. 
2. Any exemplification, under the great seal, of the enroll- 
ment of any letters patent. 

* CON'STEL-LaTE, v. i. [Low L. constellatus.] To join 

lustre ; to shine with united radiance, or one general light. 
[Little used.] 

* CON'STEL-LaTE, v. t. To unite several shining bodies 

in one splendor. [Little used.] 

* €ON'STEL-La-TED, pp. or a. 1. United in one splendor. 
2. Starry ; set or adorned with stars or constellations. — 
J. Barlow. 

CON-STEL-LI'TION, n. 1. A cluster, assemblage, or group 
of fixed stars ; a number of stars which appear as if situ- 
ated near each other in the heavens, and are considered 
as forming a particular division. 2. An assemblage of 
splendors or excellences. 

CON-STER-Na'TION, n. [L. consternatio.] A state of ter- 
ror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates a per- 
son for consultation and execution. — Syn. Horror ; amaze- 
ment ; astonishment ; surprise ; wonder ; perturbation. 

CON'STI-PXTE, v. t. [L. constipo.] 1. To crowd or cram 
into a narrow compass ; to thicken or condense. 2. To 
stop, by filling a passage, and preventing motion. 3. To 
fill or crowd the intestinal canal, and make costive. 

CON'STI-PI-TED, pp. Made costive. 

€ON'STI-Pa-TING, ppr. Making costive. 

CON-STI-Pa'TION, n. 1. The act of crowding any thing 
into a less compass ; a pressing together ; condensation. 
2. More generally, a crowding or filling to hardness the 
intestinal canal, from defective excretion ; costiveness ; 
obstipation. 

€ON-STIT'U-EN-CY, n. The act of constituting ; or, more 
frequently, the body of constituents. [Modern usage.] 

CON-STIT'U-ENT, a. [L. constituens.] Setting; constituting. 
Hence, 1. Necessary or essential ; elemental : forming ; 
composing or making as an essential part. 2. Having the 
power of constituting or appointing ; as, the constituent 
body of a government. — Junius. 

CON-STIT'U-ENT, n. 1. He or that which sets, fixes, or 
forms ; he or that which constitutes or composes. 2. That 
which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential 
part. 3. A term applied to those who elect a person to 
office as their representative. — Burke. 

CON'STI-TOTE, v. t. [L. constituo.] 1. Literally, to put to- 
gether ; hence, to cause to be ; to set up ; to establish • to 
give formal existence to ; as, the government is regularly 
constituted. 2. To form or compose ; to make a thing 
what it is ; as, law and order constitute the essence of so 



See Synopses, a, K, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD — McVE, BOOK 



CON 



219 



CON 



ciety. 3 To appoint, depute, or elect to an office or em- 
ployment ; to make and empower ; as, to constitute some 
one an attorney or agent. 
CON'STI-TuTE, n. An established law. 

CON'STI-Tu-TED, pp. or a. Set ; fixed ; established ; made ; 
elected; appointed. 

GON'STI-Tu-TED AU-THORI-TiES, n. pi. The magis- 
trates or eovemors of a people. — H. More. 

GON'STI-Tu-TER, to. One who constitutes or appoints. 

eON'STI-Tu-TrNG, ppr. Setting; establishing; composing; 
electing ; appointing. 

GON-STl-Tu'TION, to. 1. The act cf constituting, enacting, 
establishing, or appointing. 2. The state of being; that 
form of being, or peculiar structure and connection of 
parts, which makes or characterizes a system or body. 
Hence, the particular frame or temperament of the human 
body is called its constitution. 3. The frame or temper of 
mind, affections, or passions ; as, man, from his constitu- 
tion, is a moral being. 4. The established form of govern- 
ment in a state, kingdom, or country ; a system of funda- 
mental rules, principles, and ordinances for the govern- 
ment of a state or nation. 5. A particular law, ordinance, 
or regulation, made by the authority of any superior, civil 
or ecclesiastical : as, the constitutions of the church. 6. 
A system of fundamental principles for the government 
of rational and social beings. 

eON-STI-TO'TION-AL, a. 1. Bred or inherent in the con- 
stitution, or in the natural frame of body or mind ; as, a 
constitutional tendency. 2. Consistent with the constitu- 
tion ; authorized by the constitution or fundamental rules 
of a government ; legal. 3. Relating to the constitution ; 
as, a constitutional question — Foley. 

eON-STI-Tli'TlON-AL-IST, n. 1. An adherent to the con- 
stitution of government. 2. An innovator of the old con- 
stitution, or a frainer or friend of the new constitution in 
France. 

€ON-STI-Tu-T10N-AL'I-TY, to. 1. The state of being con- 
stitutional ; the state of being inherent in the natural 
frame. — Ccze. 2. The state of being consistent with the 
constitution or frame of government^ or of being author- 
ized by its provisions. 

CON-STI-TO'TION-AL-LY, adv. In consistency with the 
coniritution or frame of government. 

GON-?TI-Tu'TION-A-RY, a. Constitutional. [Bad.] 

CON-STI-Tu'TION-IST, n. One who adheres to the consti- 
tution of the country. 

* GON'STI-Tu-Tl VE, a. 1. That constitutes, forms, or com- 
poses ; elemental ; essential. 2. Having power to enact, 
establish, j)r create ; instituting. 

CON'STI-Tu-TIVE-LY, adv. In a constitutive manner. 

€ON-STRaIN'. v. t. [Fr. contraindre.] 1. To urge stith ir- 
resistible power, or with a power sufficient to produce 
the effect. 2. To confine by force ; to restrain from escape 
or action ; to repress ; [rare.] 3. To hold by force ; 
to press ; to confine ; [rare.] 4. To constringe ; to bind ; 
[rare.] 5. To tie fast; to bind; to chain ;"to confine; 
[rare.] 6. To necessitate. 7. To force ; to ravish ; [not 
used] 8. To produce in opposition to nature. — Syn. To 
compel ; force ; drive ; impel ; urge ; press. 

GON-STRaINA-BLE, a. That may be constrained, forced, 
or repressed ; liable to constraint, or to restraint. 

G0N-3TR1IN'£D (kon-straind'), pp. or a. Urged irresisti- 
bly or powerfully ; compelled ; forced ; restrained ; con- 
fined ; bound ; imprisoned ; necessitated. 

GON-STRaIN'ED-LY, adv. By constraint ; by compulsion, 

GON-STRaIN'ER, n. One who constrains. 

GON-STRI1NTNG, ppr. or a, Urging with irresistible or 
powerful force ; compelling; forcing; repressing; confin- 
ing ; holding by force ; pressing ; binding. 

GON-STRaINT, n. [Fr. contrainte.] Irresistible force, or 
its effect ; any force, or power, physical or moral, which 
compels to act or to forbear action, or which urges so 
strongly as to produce its effect upon the body or mind. 
— Syn. Compulsion ; violence ; necessity ; urgency. 

GON-STRaINTTVE, a. Having power to compel.— Carew. 

GON-STRIGT, v. t. [L. constringo.] To draw together ; to 
bind ; to cramp ; to draw into a narrow compass ; hence, 
to contract or cause to shrink. 

GON-STRICT'ED, pp. Drawn together: bound; contracted. 

GON-STRICTING, ppr. Drawing together ; binding ; con- 
tracting. 

GON-STRICTION, n. A drawing together or contraction 
by means of some inherent power, or by spasm, as distin- 
guished from compression, or the pressure of extraneous 
bodies. 

GON-STRIGTOR, n. 1. That which draws together or 
contracts. — In anatomy, a muscle which draws together 
or closes an orifice of the body. 2. A term applied to 
large serpents which crush their prey in their folds, as 
the boa constrictor, &c. 

GON-STRIN6E' (kon-strinj'), v. t. [L. constringo.] To draw 
together ; to strain into a narrow compass ; to contract ; 
to force to contract itself. 



GON-STRINg'£D (kon-strinjd'), pp. Contracted; drawn 
together. 

GON-STRING'ENT, a. Having the quality of contracting, 
binding, or compressing. 

CON-STRlN6'ING, ppr. Drawing or compressing into a 
smaller compass ; contracting ; binding. 

CON-STRUCT, 71. t. [L. construo, const-nictum.] 1. To put 
together the parts of a thing in their proper place and or- 
der ; as, to construct a house. 2. To devise and compose ; 
as, to construct a new system. 3. To interpret or under- 
stand. — To construct an equation, in geometry, is to form 
a geometrical figure corresponding to the equation. — Syn. 
To build ; erect ; form ; make ; originate ; invent. 

GON-STRUGT'ED.pjO. Built; formed; composed; compiled 

GON-STUGT'ER, to. One who constructs or frames. 

GON-STRUGT'ING, ppr. Building ; framing ; composing. 

CON-STRUCTION, to. [L. constructio.] 1. The act of 
building, or of devising and forming ; fabrication. 2. The 
form of building ; the manner of putting together the 
parts of a buildiKg, a machine, or system ; structure ; 
conformation ; as, the excellence of a machine depends 
on its construction. — 3. In grammar, syntax, or the ar- 
rangement and connection of words in a sentence, accord- 
ing to established usages, or the practice of good writers 
and speakers. 4. Sense ; meaning ; interpretation ; ex- 
planation ; or the manner of understanding the arrange- 
ment of words, or of understanding facts. 5. The man- 
ner of describing a figure or problem in geometry. — 6. In 
geometry, the construction of equations is the drawing of 
such lines and figures as are necessary to the solution of 
a problem or the demonstration of a theorem. 

GON-STRUG'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to construction. [Un- 
usual.] 

GON-STRUG'TION-IST, n. One who puts a construction 
on the law, a paper, or public document. 

GON-STRUGT'lVE, a. By construction; created or de- 
duced by construction, or mode of interpretation ; not 
directly expressed, but inferred. 

GON-STRUGT'lVE-L Y, adv. In a constructive manner ; by 
way of construction or interpretation ; by fair inference. 

GON-STRUCT'f VE-NESS, n. Among phrenologists, the fac- 
ulty which leads to the formation of parts into a whole. — 
Combe. 

CON-STRUCTURE (kon-strukfyur), n. An edifice ; pile ; 
fabric. — Blackmore. 

* CONSTRUE, v. t. [L. construo.] 1. To arrange words in 
their natural order ; to reduce from a transposed to a 
natural order, so as to discover the sense of a sentence , 
hence, to interpret ; and, when applied to a foreign lan- 
guage, to translate ; to render into "English. 2. To inter- 
pret ; to explain ; to show or to understand the meaning ; 
as, I know not how to construe this conduct. 

CON'STRui?D, pp. Arranged in natural order ; interpreted , 
understood; translated. 

GON'STRU-ING,£pr. Arranging in natural order ; expound- 
ing; interpreting ; translating. 

GON'STU-PRaTE, v. t. [L. constupro.] To violate : to de- 
bauch ; to defile. 

GONSTU-PRa-TED, pp. Debauched. 

GON'STU-PRa-TING, ppr. Violating. 

GON-STU-PRa'TION, n. The act of ravishing ; violation , 
defilement. — Bishop Hall. 

GON-SUB-SIST, v. i. To subsist together. 

GON-SUB-STAN'TIAL (-stan'shal), a. [L. consubstanlialis.] 
1. Having the same substance or essence; co-essential. 2. 
Of the same kind or nature. 

GON-SUB-STANTIAL-IST. n. One who believes in con- 
substantiation . — Ba rrow. 

GON-SUB-STAN-TI-AL'I-TY(-stan-she-al'e-te),72, 1. The ex- 
istence of more than one in the same substance. — Ham- 
mond. 2. Participation of the same nature. 

CON-SUB-STAN'TIITE, v. t. [L. con and substantia.] To 
unite in one common substance or nature. 

GON-SUB-STANTIITE, v. i. To profess consubstantia- 
tion. — Dryden. 

CON-SUB-STANTIX-TED, pp. United in a common sub- 
stance. 

GON-SUB-STAN'TlA-TING, ppr. Uniting in a common sub- 
stance. 

CON-SUB-STAN-TI-X'TION (-stan-she-a'shun), n. The un- 
ion of the body of our blessed Savior with the sacramental 
elements. The followers of Luther maintain that, after 
consecration of the elements, the body and blood of 
Christ are substantially present with the substance of the 
bread and wine, which is called consubstantiation, or im- 
panation. 

GON'SUE-TUDE, to, Custom ; usage.— Scott. 

GON-SUE-Tu'DIN-AL, a. Customary. 

GON'SUL, n. [L.j 1. The chief magistrate of tne ancient 
Roman republic, invested with regal authority for one 
year. 2. A chief magistrate among the French during 
their revolution, in imitation of the Romans. 3. A person 
commissioned by a king or state to reside in a foreign 



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country as an agent or representative, to protect the 
rights, commerce, merchants, and seamen of the state, 
and to aid the government in any commercial transac- 
tions with such foreign country. 4. An adviser. — Bacon ; 
[not authorized.] 

GON'SUL &EN'ER-AL, n. A consul in the commercial 
sense, appointed for several places, or over several con- 
suls. — Encyc. Am. 

GON'SUL-A6E, n. A duty laid by the British Levant Com- 
pany on imports and exports for the support of the com- 
pany's affairs. — Eton. 

GON'SUL-AR, a. Pertaining to a consul. 

GON'SUL-ATE, n. [L. consulates.] 1. The office of a con- 
sul. 2. The jurisdiction or extent of a consul's authority. 
3. The residence of a consul. 

GON'SUL-SHIP, n. The office of a consul ; or the term of 
his office. 

©ON-SULT', v. t. [L. consulto.] 1. To seek the opinion or 
advice of another, by a statement of facts and suitable in- 
quiries, for the purpose of directing one's own judgment ; 
to advise with. 2. To take counsel together ; to seek 
opinions and advice by mutual statements, inquiries, and 
reasonings ; to deliberate in common. 3. To consider 
with deliberation. 

GON-SULT, v. t. 1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion 
of another, as a guide to one's own judgment. 2. To seek 
for information, or facts, in something ; as, to consult the 
books. 3. To regard ; to have reference or respect to, in 
judging or acting ; to decide or to act in favor of ; as, to 
consult one's ease. 4. To plan, devise, or contrive ; [rare.] 

* GON-SULT', n. The act of consulting ; the effect of con- 

sultation ; determination ; a council or deliberating assem- 
bly. — Dry den. [This word is, I believe, entirely obsolete, ex- 
cept in poetry.] 

GON-SULT-I'TION, n. 1. The act of consulting ; delibera- 
tion of two or more persons, with a view to some decision. 
2. A meeting of persons to consult together ; a council for 
deliberation ; as of legal counsel retained in a cause, or 
of physicians in a case of dangerous disease. — Writ of con- 
sultation, in law, a writ awarded by a superior court, to 
return a cause, which had been removed by prohibition 
from an inferior court, to its original jurisdiction. 

GON-SULT'A-Tl VE, a. Having the privilege of consulting. 

GON-SULT'ED, pp. Asked ; inquired of for opinion or ad- 
vice ; regarded. 

©ON-SULTER, n. One who consults, or asks counsel or 
information. 

GON-SULT'ING, ppr. or a. Asking advice ; seeking informa- 
tion jdehberatmg and inquiring mutually ; regarding. 

CON-SuM'A-BLE, a. That may be consumed ; possible to 
be destroyed, dissipated, wasted, or spent. 

GON-SuME', v. t. [L. consumo.] 1. To destroy, by separating 
the parts of a thing, by decomposition, as by fire, or by 
eating, devouring, and annihilating the form of a sub- 
stance. 2. To destroy by dissipating or by use; as, to 
consume an estate. 3. To spend ; to cause to pass away, 
as time. 4. To cause to disappear ; to waste slowly ; as, 
"my flesh is consumed away." — Job. 5. To bring to utter 
ruin ; to exterminate ; as, " to consume them in his an- 
ger." — Syn. To destroy ; swallow up ; ingulf ; absorb ; 
waste; expend; squander; lavish; dissipate. 

GON-SuME', v. i. To waste away slowly ; to be exhausted. 

GON-SuM'£D (kon-sumd'), pp. Wasted; burned up; de- 
stroyed ; dissipated ; squandered ; expended. 

©ON-riuM'ER, n. One who consumes, spends, wastes, or 
destroys ; that which consumes. 

GON-SuMTNG, ppr. 1. Burning; wasting; destroying; ex- 
pending ; eating ; devouring. 2. a. That destroys. 

* ©ON-SUM'MITE or GON'SUM-MaTE, v. t. [L. ccnsum- 

mo, consummates.] To end ; to finish by completing what 
was intended ; to perfect ; to bring or carry to the utmost 
point or degree. 
€ON-SUM'MATE, a. Complete ; perfect ; carried to the ut- 
most extent or degree. 

* GON-SUM'MI-TED or CON'SUM-Ma-TED, pp. Com- 

pleted ; perfected ; ended. 

GON-SUM'MATE-LY, adv. Completely; perfectly. 

*GON-SUM'MI-TING or GON'SUM-MI-TING, ppr. Com- 
pleting ; accomplishing ; perfecting. 

GON-SUM-MITION, n. [L. consummation 1. Completion ; 
end ; perfection of a work, process, or scheme. 2. The 
end, termination, or completion of the present system of 
things ; the end of the world. 3. Death ; the end of life. 
-Consummation of marriage, the most intimate union of 
the sexes, which completes the connubial relation. 

SON-SUMPTION, n. [L. consumption 1. The act of con- 
suming; destruction by burning, eating, devouring, scat- 
tering, dissipation, or by passing away, as time. 2. The 
state of being wasted, or diminished. — 3. In medicine, a 
wasting of flesh ; a gradual decay or diminution of the 
body; [a word of extensive signification.] 'Rut particularly, 
the disease called phthisis pulmonalis, pulmonic consump- 
tion, a disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic 



fever, cough, &.c. — Syn. Decay ; decline ; waste ; destruc- 
tion. 

GON-SUMPTlVE, a. 1. Destructive ; wasting; exhaust- 
ing ; having the quality of consuming or dissipating. 2. 
Affected with a consumption or pulmonic disease ; as, con- 
sumptive lungs ; or inclined to consumption ; pertaining 
to consumption ; as, a consumptive cough. 

GON-SUMPTlVE-LY, adv. In a way tending to consump- 
tion. 

GON-SUMPTiVE-NESS, n. A state of being consumptive, 
or a tendency to a consumption. 

t GON-Su'TlLE, a. [L. consutilis.] That is sewed ov stitched 
together. 

GON-TAB'U-LaTE, v.t. [h.contabulo.] To floor with boards. 

GON-TAB'U-La-TED, pp. Floored with boards. 

GON-TAB'U-L A-TING, ppr. Flooring with boards. 

GON-TAB-U-L ITION, n. The act of laying with boards, or 
of flooring. 

CONTACT, n. [L. contactus.] A touching ; touch ; close 
union or juncture of bodies. 

GON-TAGTION (-shun), n. The act of touching. 

GON-Ta'AION (kon-ta'jun), n. [L. contagio.] 1. Literally, a 
touch or touching. Hence, the communication of a dis 
ease by contact, or the matter communicated. More gen- 
erally, that subtile matter which proceeds from a diseased 
person or body, and communicates the disease to another 
person. 2. That which communicates evil from one to 
another; infection; that which propagates mischief; as, 
the contagion of bad example. 3. Pestilence ; a pestilen- 
tial disease ; venomous exhalations. 

CON-Ta'(*ION.ED, a. Affected by contagion. 

GON-Ta'GION-IST, n. One who believes in the contagious 
character of certain diseases, as the plague, &c. 

GON-Ti'GlOUS (kon-ta'jus), a. 1. Containing or generating 
contagion ; catching ; that may be communicated by con- 
tact, or by a subtile, excreted matter. 2. Poisonous ; pesti- 
lential ; containing contagion. 3. Containing mischief that 
may be propagated. 4. That may be communicated from 
one to another, or may excite like affections in others. 

CONTa'GIOUS-LY, adv. By contagion. 

CON-Ta'GIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being contagious. 

CON-TaIN', v. t. [L. contineo.] 1. To hold, as a vessel; to 
have capacity ; to be able to hold ; as, a gallon contains 
four quarts. 2. To hold or comprehend ; as, " the heavens 
can not contain thee." 3. To hold or include within cer- 
tain limits ; as, this review contains the article, this envel- 
op contains a letter. 4. To hold or restrain ; as, he could 
not contain himself. — Syn. To comprise ; embrace ; in- 
close ; include. 

CON-TaIN', v. i. To live in continence or chastity. — Ar 
buthnot. 

GON-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be contained or comprised 

CONTAINED (kon-tand'),#/?. Held; comprehended; com 
prised; included; inclosed. 

GON-TIIN'ER, n. That which contains. 

GON-TaINTNG, ppr. Holding ; having capacity to hold , 
comprehending; comprising; including; inclosing. 

GON-TAM'I-NaTE, v. t. [L. contamino.] To corrupt the pu 
rity or excellence of; as, to contaminate the blood. It is 
usually employed in a figurative sense ; as, to contaminatt 
the principles of the young. — Syn. To pollute ; defile , 
sully; taint. 

GON-TAM'I-NATE, a. Polluted; defiled; corrupt. 

GON-TAM'I-Na-TED, pp. Polluted; defiled; tarnished. 

GON-TAM'1-NI-TING, ppr. or a. Polluting ; defiling ; tar 
nishing. 

GON-TAM-I-NITION, n. The act of polluting ; pollution 
defilement; taint. 

GON-TAM'I-NA-TfVE, a. Adapted to contaminate.— West 
Rev. 

GON'TEGK, n. Quarrel ; contention. — Spenser. [Not Eng 
lish.] 

t GON-TEG'TION. n. [L. contego.] A covering. — Sir 7 
Browne. 

t GON-TEM'ER-I-TED, a. Violated ; polluted.— Diet. 

GON-TEMN' (kon-tem'), v. t. [L. contemno.] 1. To consider 
and treat as mean and despicable. 2. To neglect as un 
worthy of regard ; to reject with disdain. — Syn. To de- 
spise ; scorn; disdain; spurn; defy; slight; neglect; un- 
derrate ; overlook. 

GON-TEM'N.ED (kon-temd'), pp. Despised; scorned; slight- 
ed ; neglected, or rejected with disdain. 

GON-TEM'NER, n. One who contemns ; a despiser ; a 
scorner. 

GON-TEM'NING, ppr. Despising ; slighting as vile or des 
picable ; neglecting or rejecting, as unworthy of regard. 

GON-TEM'PER, v. t. [Low L. contempero.] To moderate 
to reduce to a lower degree by mixture with opposite oi 
different qualities ; to temper. 

GON-TEM'PER-A-MENT, n. Moderated or qualified de- 
gree ; a degree of any quality reduced to that of another ; 
temperament. 

GON-TEM'PER- STE, v. t. To temper ; to reduce the qsal 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiNE, BIRD :— MoVE, BOOK 



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221 



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lty of, by mixing something opposite or different to mod- 
erate. 

GQN-TEM-PER- a'TION, n. 1. The act of reducing a qual- 
ity by admixture of the contrary ; the act of moderating 
or tempering. 2. Temperament; proportionate mixture. 
[Instead of these words, temper and temperament are now 
generally used.] 

CON-TEM'PER-A-TURE, n. Like temperature or temper- 
ament. 

* GON-TEM'PLaTE or CON'TEM-PLITE, v. t. [L. con- 
templor.] 1. To view or consider with continued atten- 
tion ; as, to contemplate the mysteries of redemption. 2. 
To consider or have in view, in reference to a future act 
or event ; to intend. Hamilton. — Syn. To study; ponder ; 
muse ; meditate on ; dwell on ; consider ; intend ; design ; 
plan ; purpose. 

* GON-TEM'PLaTE or CON'TEM-PLITE, v. i. To think 

studiously; to study; to muse; to meditate. 

* CON-TEM'PLI-TED or CON'TEM-PLZ TED, pp. or a. 

Considered with attention ; meditated on . intended. 

► CON-TEM'PLa-TING or CON'TEM-PLI-TING, ppr. Con- 
sidering with continued attention ; meditating on ; musing. 

CON-TEM-PLX'TION, n. [L. contemplation 1. The act of 
the mind in considering with attention ; meditation ; study ; 
continued attention of the mind to a particular subject. 2. 
Holy meditation ; attention to sacred things. — To have in 
contemplation , to intend or purpose, or to have under con- 
sideration. 

CON-TEM'PLA-TIST, n. One who contemplates. 

CON-TEM'PLA-TlVE, a. 1. Given to contemplation, or 
continued application of the mind to a subject ; studious ; 
thoughtful. 2. Employed in study. 3. Having the ap- 
pearance of study, or a studious habit. 4. Having the 
power of thought or meditation. 

eON-TEM'PLA-TlVE-LY, adv. With contemplation ; at- 
tentively ; thoughtfully ; with deep attention. 

* GON'TEM-PLI-TOR, n. One who contemplates ; one 
employed in study or meditation ; an inquirer after knowl- 
edge. 

CON-TEM-PO-RiNTE-OUS, a. [See Cotempokaky.j Liv- 
ing cr being at the same time. 

€ON-1EM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being 
contemporary, or of the same time. 

CON-TEM-PO-RI'NE-OUS-LY, adv. At the same time with 
some other event. 

CON-TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, n. Existence at the same point 
of time. — Howell. 

CON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [It., Sp. contemporaneo ; Fr. con- 
temporain. For the sake of easier pronunciation, this 
word is often changed to cotemporary.) Coetaneous ; con- 
temporaneous ; living at the same time ; being or exist- 
ing at the same time. See Cotempobaky, the preferable 
word. 

€ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time 
with another. 

tCON-TEM'PO-RIZE, v. t. To make contemporary; to 
place in the same age or time. 

CON-TEMTO-RIZ ED, pp. Placed in the same time. 

CON-TEM'PO-RlZ-ING, ppr. Placing in the same time. 

CON-TEMPT (kon-temf), n. [L. contemptus.] 1. The act 
of despising ; the act of viewing or considering and treat- 
ing as mean, vile, and worthless ; hatred of what is mean 
or deemed vile. 2. The state of being despised; whence, 
in a Scriptural sense, shame, disgrace. — In law, disobedi- 
ence of the rules and orders of a court, which is a pun- 
ishable offense. — Syn. Disdain ; scorn ; derision ; mock- 
ery; contumely; neglect; disregard; slight. 

CON-TEMPT'I-BLE, a. [L. contemptibilis.) 1. Worthy of 
contempt ; that deserves scorn or disdain. 2. Apt to de- 
spise ; contemptuous. Shak. ; [not legitimate.) — Syn. Des- 
picable ; abject ; vile ; mean ; base ; paltry'; worthless ; 
sorry; pitiful; scurrile. 

CON-TEMPTI-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being contempt- 
ible, or of being despised ; despicableness ; meanness ; 
vileness. 

CON-TEMPT'I-BLY, adv. In a contemptible manner.— 
Syn. Meanly ; basely ; scurvily ; abjectly ; vilely ; despi- 
cablv. 

CON-TEMPTU-OUS, a. Manifesting or expressing contempt 
or disdain.— Syn. Scornful; insolent; haughty; disdain- 
ful ; cavalier ; supercilious ; insulting ; contumelious ; af- 
frontive ; abusive ; fastidious. 

CON-TEMPTU-OUS-LY, adv. In a contemptuous manner ; 
with scorn or disdain ; despitefully. 

CON-TEMPT'U-OUS-NESS, n. Disposition to contempt ; 
act of contempt ; insolence ; scornfulness ; haughtiness. 

CON-TEND', v. i. [L. contendo.] 1. To strive, or to strive 
against ; to struggle hi opposition. 2. To strive ; to use 
earnest efforts to obtain, or to defend and preserve ; as, 
to contend for the faith. 3. To dispute earnestly ; to strive 
in debate. 4. To reprove sharply ; to chide ; to strive to 
convince and reclaim. 5. To strive in opposition. 6. To 
quarrel ; to dispute fiercely ; to wrangle. — To contend for, 



to strive to obtain. — Syn. To struggle ; vie with ; strive ; op- 
pose; emulate; contest; litigate; dispute, rebuke; debate 

CON-TEND', v. t. To dispute ; to contest. This transitive 
use of contend is not strictly legitimate. 

CON-TEND'ED, pp. Urged in argument or debate ; dis- 
puted ; contested. 

CON-TEND'ENT, n. An antagonist or opposer. 

CON-TEND'ER, n. One who contends; a combatant; a 
champion. — Locke. 

CON- TENDING, ppr. 1. Striving ; struggling to oppose , 
debating; urging in argument; quarreling. 2. a. Clash- 
ing ; opposing ; rival 

CON-TEN'E-MENT, n. Land, or freehold, contiguous to a 
tenement. — Blackstone. 

CON-TENT, a. [L. contentus.] Literally, held, contained 
within limits ; hence, quiet ; not disturbed ; having a mind 
at peace ; easy ; satisfied, so as not to repine, object, or 
oppose. 

CON-TENT, v. t. 1. To satisfy the mind ; to make quiet 
so as to stop complaint or opposition ; to appease ; to make 
easy in any situation. 2. To please or gratify. 

CON-TENT, n. 1. Rest or quietness of the mind in the 
present condition. 2. Acquiescence ; satisfaction without 
examination. 3. That which* is contained; capacity; but 
contents is more common. 4. The term used in the House 
of Lords, in England, to express an assent to a bill or mo- 
tion. 

CON-TENT- a'TION, n. Content; satisfaction. 

CON-TENTED, pp. or a. Satisfied ; quiet ; easy in mind , 
not complaining, opposing, or demanding more. 

CON-TENTED-LY, adv. In a contented manner ; quietly , 
without concern. 

CON-TENTED-NESS, n. State of resting in mind ; quiet ; 
satisfaction of mind with any condition or event. 

t CON-TENTFUL, a. Full of contentment. 

CON-TEN'TION, n. [L. contention 1. Strife ; a violent ef- 
fort to obtain something, or to resist a person, claim, or 
injury. 2. Strife in words or debate ; controversy. 3. 
Strife or endeavor to excel ; emulation. 4. Eagerness ; 
zeal ; ardor ; vehemence of endeavor ; [obs.] — Synon. 
Struggle ; contest ; litigation ; controversy ; quarrel ; con- 
flict ; feud ; dissension ; variance ; disagreement ; debate , 
competition ; emulation ; discord. 

CONTENTIOUS (kon-ten'shus), a. [Fr. contentieux.] 1. 
Apt to contend; given to angry debate. 2. Relating to 
contention in law ; relating to litigation ; having power to 
decide causes between contending parties ; as, a court of 
contentious jurisdiction. 3. Exciting, or adapted to pro- 
voke contention or disputes. — Syn. Quarrelsome ; pug- 
nacious ; dissensious ; wrangling ; litigious ; perverse ; 
peevish. 

CON-TEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. In a contentious manner ; quar- 
relsomely; perversely. 

CON-TEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. A disposition to contend • 
proneness to contest ; perverseness ; quarrelsomeness. 

CON-TENT'LESS, a. Discontented; dissatisfied; uneasy. 

tCON-TENT'LY, adv. In a contented way. 

CON-TENTMENT, n. [Fr. contentement.] A resting or sat- 
isfaction of mind without disquiet. — Syn. Content; re- 
pose ; acquiescence : gratification. 

* CONTENTS or CON-TENTS', n. pi. 1. That which is 
contained ; the thing or things held, included, or compre- 
hended within a limit ; heads of what a book contains ; 
as, the contents of a book. — 2. In geometry, the quantity 
of matter or space included in certain lines ; area or so- 
lidity. — Bacon. 

CON-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. [L. con and terminus.] Capable 
of the same bounds. 

CON-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Having the same bounds.— Ben 
Jon son. 

CON-TERM1N-OUS, \a. [L.conterminus.] Bordering upon; 

CON-TERM'IN-AL, > touching at the boundary ; contig- 
uous. 

t CON-TER-Ra'NE-AN, )a. [L. conterraneus.] Being of 

t CON-TER-Ra/NE-OUS, > the same country. 

€ ON-TES-SE-R A'TION, n. Assembly; collection. 

CON-TEST. v. t. [Fr. contester.] To strive earnestly in ac- 
tion or argument ; as, the soldiers contested every inch of 
ground ; this point was warmly contested by the lawyers. 
— Syn. To dispute ; controvert ; debate ; litigate ; oppose ; 
argue ; contend. 

CON-TEST, v. i. 1. To strive; to contend. 2. To vie ; to 
emulate. 

CONTEST, n. 1. Struggle for victory, superiority, or in 
defense ; struggle in arms. 2. Violent controversy ; strife 
in argument. — Syn. Conflict; combat; battle; encounter; 
shock ; struggle ; dispute ; altercation ; debate ; contro- 
versy ; difference ; disagreement ; strife. 

CON-TEST'A-BLE, a: That may be disputed or debated ; 
disputable ; controvertible. 

CON-TESTA-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being contested. 

CON-TEST- A'TION, n. 1. The act of contesting ; strife ; 
dispute. 2. Testimony ; proof by witnesses. 



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CON-TESTED, pp. or a. Disputed. 

CON-TESTING, ppr. Disputing. 

CON-TESTING, n. The act of contending.— Baiter. 

€ON-TEST'ING-LY, adv. In a contending manner. 

GON-TESTLESS, a. Not to be disputed.— Hill. 

t €ON-TEX', v. t. To weave together.— Boyle. 

€ON'TEXT, n. fL. contextus.] The general series or com- 

Sosition of a discourse ; more particularly, the parts of a 
iscourse which precede or follow the sentence quoted ; 
the passages of Scripture which are near the text, either 
before it or after it. 

GON-TEXT', a. Knit or woven together ; close ; firm. 

t CON-TEXT", v. t. To knit together. 

CON-TEXTURE (kon-texfyur), n. The interweaving sev- 
eral parts into one body ; the disposition and union of the 
constituent parts of a thing, with respect to each other ; 
composition of parts; constitution. 

GON-TEXT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to contexture, or to the 
human frame. 

CON-TEXTURED, a. Woven ; formed into texture. 

CON-TIG-Na'TION, n. [L. contignatio.] 1. A frame of 
beams ; a story. 2. The act of framing together, or unit- 
ing beams in a fabric. 

GON-TI-Gu'I-TY, n. Actual contact of bodies ; a touching. 
— Hale. 

CON-TIG'U-OUS, a. [L. contiguus.] Touching ; meeting or 
joining at the surface or border. [The word is sometimes 
used in a wider sense, though not with strict propriety, for 
aajacent or near, without being absolutely in contact.] — 
Syn. Adioining; adjacent; near. 

GON-TIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to touch; without 
intervening space. 

GON-TIG'U-OUS-NESS, n. A state of contact ; close union 
of surfaces or borders. 

CON'TI-NENCE, \n. [L. continentia.] 1. In a general sense, 

GONTI-NEN-CY, 5 the restraint which a person imposes 
upon his desires and passions ; self-command. — 2. Appro- 
priately, the restraint of the passion for sexual enjoyment ; 
resistance of concupiscence ; forbearance of lewd pleas- 
ures ; hence, chastity. But the term is usually applied to 
males, as chastity is to females. 3. Forbearance of lawful 
pleasure. 4. Moderation in the indulgence of sexual en- 
joyment. 5. Continuity ; uninterrupted course ; [not now 
used.] 

CON'Ti-NENT, a. [L. continens.] 1. Refraining from un- 
lawful sexual commerce, or moderate in the indulgence 
of lawful pleasure ; chaste. 2. Restrained ; moderate ; 
temperate. 3. Opposing ; restraining. 4. Continuous ; 
connected ; not interrupted. — Brerewood. 

CON'TI-NENT, n. 1. In geography, a great extent of land, 
not disjoined or interrupted by a sea; a connected tract 
of land of great extent ; as, the eastern and western con- 
tinent. 2. That which contains any thing. — Shak.; [not used.] 

GON-TI-NENTAL, a. Pertaining or relating to a conti- 
nent. — In America, pertaining to the United States, as con- 
tinental money, in distinction from what pertains to the 
separate states ; [a word much used during the Revolution.] 

€ON'TI-NENT-LY, adv. In a continent manner ; chastely; 
moderately ; temperately. 

t CON-TINGE', v. i. [L. co?itingo.] To touch ; to happen. 

CON-TIN'GENCE, I n. [L. contingens.] 1. The quality of 

€ON-TIN'GEN-CY, 5 being contingent or casual ; a hap- 
pening ; or the possibility of coming to pass. 2. A fortu- 
itous event; as, various contingencies may alter the re- 
sult. — Syn. Casualty; accident; chance. 

CONTINGENT, a. 1. Falling or coming by chance; that is, 
without design or expectation on our part. — 2. In law, de- 
pending on an uncertainty. — Syn. Accidental ; casual ; 
fortuitous ; incidental. 

CONTINGENT, n. 1. A fortuitous event ; that which 
comes without our design, foresight, or expectation. 2. 
That which falls to one in a division or apportionment 
among a number ; a quota ; a suitable share ; proportion ; 
as, each party shall furnish his contingent of men and 
money. 

CONTIN'GENT-LY, adv. Accidentally; without design or 
foresight. 

CONTIN'GENT-NESS, n. The state of being contingent ; 
fortuitousness. 

€ONTIN'U-A-BLE, a. That may be continued. 

€ONTIN'U-AL, a. [Fr. continuel ; L. continuus.] 1. Pro- 
ceeding without interruption or cessation ; not intermit- 
ting ; used in reference to time. 2. Very frequent ; often 
repeated ; as, continual interruptions.— -3. Continual fe- 
ver, or continued fever, a fever that abates, but never en- 
tirely intermits till it comes to a crisis ; thus distinguished 
from remitting and intermitting fever.— 4. Continual claim, 
in law, a claim that is made from time to time within ev- 
ery year or day, to land or other estate, the possession of 
which can not be obtained without hazard. 5. Perpetual. 
— 6. Continual proportionals, quantities in continued pro- 
portion. [Sec Continued.] — Syn. Constant; perpetual; 
unceasing ; incessant ; uninterrupted ; unintermitted. 



CON-TIN^- AL-LY, adv. 1. Without pause or cessation ; 
unceasingly. 2. Very often ; in repeated succession ; from 
time to time. — Syn. Constantly ; incessantly ; perpetual- 
ly; always. 

CONTIN'U-AL-NESS, n. Permanence.— Hales. 

GONTTN'U-ANCE, n. 1. A holding on or remaining in a 
particular state, or in a course or series. Applied to time, 
duration ; a state of lasting ; as, the pleasures of the world 
are of short continuance. 2. Perseverance ; as, " by pa- 
tient continuance in well doing/'— Rom., ii. 3. Abode ; res- 
idence ; as, during my continuance in the country. 4. Sue 
cession uninterrupted ; continuation ; a prolonging of ex- 
istence. 5. Progression of time.— 6. In law, the deferring 
of a suit, or the giving of a day for the parties to a suit to 
appear. 7. In the United States, the deferring of a trial or 
suit from one stated term of the court to another. 8. Con- 
tinuity ; resistance to a separation of parts ; a holding to- 
gether ; [not used.] 

CONTINU-ITE, v. t. To join closely together.— Potter. 

GON-TIN'U-ATE, a. [L. co7itinuatus.] 1. Closely united , 
holding together ; [Utile used.] 2. Uninterrupted ; un- 
broken ; [little used.] 

GONTIN'U-a TED, pp. Closely joined. 

GONTIN'U-ATE-LY, adv. With continuity ; without inter- 
ruption. [Little used.] 

CONTIN'U-A-TING, ppr. Closely uniting. 

GONTIN-U-A'TION, n. [L. continuatio.] 1. Extension of 
existence in a series or fine ; as, the continuation of the 
species. 2. Extension or carrying on to a further point ; 
as, the continuation of a history. 3. Extension in space ; 
a carrying on in length ; as, the continuation of a road. — 
Syn. Prolongation ; continuance ; extension ; protraction. 

GON-TINU-ATlVE, n. 1. An expression noting perma- 
nence or duration. — 2. In grammar, a word that continues. 

€ON-TIN'U-a-TOR, n. One who continues or keeps up a 
series or succession. 

CON-TIN'UE (kon-tin'yu), v. i. [Fr. continuer; L. continuo.] 
1. To remain in a state or place ; to abide for any time 
indefinitely ; as, " they continue there to this day." 2. To 
last ; to be durable ; to endure ; to be permanent ; as, 
" thy kingdom shall not continue" 3. To persevere ; to 
be steadfast or constant in any course ; as, " continue ye 
in my word." 

CON-TIN'UE, v. t. 1. To protract ; not to cease from or to 
terminate. 2. To extend from one thing to another ; to 
produce or draw out in length ; as. to co-ntinue a fine from 
C to D. 3. To persevere in ; not to cease to do or use. 
4. To hold to or unite ; [not used.] 

CON-TIN'U-ED, pp. or a. 1. Drawn out ; protracted ; pro- 
duced ; extended in length ; extended without interrup- 
tion. 2. a. Extended in time without intermission ; pro- 
ceeding without cessation ; uninterrupted ; unceasing. — 
Continued proportion, in arithmetic and algebra, a propor- 
tion composed of two or more equal ratios, in which the 
consequent of each preceding ratio is the same with the 
antecedent of the following one, as 4 : 8 : : 8 : 16 : : 16 : 32 

CON-TIN'U-ED-LY (kon-tin'yu-ed-le), adv. Without inter- 
ruption ; without ceasing. — Norris. 

GON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who continues ; one who has the. 
power of perseverance. 

GONTIN'U-ING, ppr. 1. Remaining fixed or permanent; 
abiding ; lasting ; enduring ; persevering ; protracting ; 
producing in length. 2. a. Permanent. 

GONTI-Nu'ITY, n. [L. continuitas.] Connection uninter- 
rupted ; cohesion ; close union of parts ; unbroken tex- 
ture. — Law of continuity, in physics, the principle thai 
nothing passes from one state into another without pass- 
ing through all the intermediate states. — Brande. 

■CON-TlN'V-O. [It.] In music, continued. 

CONTINU-OUS, a. [L. contircuus.] Joined without inter- 
vening space. 

CON-TIN'U-OUS-LY, adv. In continuation without inter- 
ruption. 

■CON-TOR-NI-A'T'f, n. [It. contorno.] In numismatics, a 
species of medals or medallions, with a curved furrow 
{contorno) on each side, supposed to be of the time oi 
Constantine. 

CON-TORT', v. t. [L. contorqueo, contortus.] To twist to- 
gether ; to writhe. 

CON-TORT'ED, pp. or a. Twisted over each other in oblique 
directions. 

CON-TOR'TION, n. [Fr. contorsion.] 1. A twisting ; a writh- 
ing ; a wresting ; a twist ; wry motion. — 2. In medicine, a 
twisting or wresting of a limb or member of the body out 
of its natural situation ; the iliac passion ; partial disloca- 
tion ; distorted spine ; contracted neck. 

■CON-ToUR' (kon-toor'), n. [Fr. contour.] The outline ; the 
fine that, bounds, defines, or terminates a figure. 

CON-ToUR'NI-a-TED (kon-toor'ne-a-ted), a. Having edges 
appearing as if turned in a lathe. 

CONTRA. A Latin preposition signifying against, in op- 
position, entering into the composition of some English 
words. 



See Synopsis, a. E, T, &c, long.— i, e, i, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY; - MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



CON 



223 



COIN 



GON'TRA-BAND, a. Literally, contrary to ban or edict; 
prohibited. — Contraband goods are such as are prohibited 
to be imported or exported, either by the laws of a par- 
ticular kingdom or state, or by the law of nations, or by 
special treaties. 

GONTRA-BAND, n. 1. Prohibition of trading in goods 
contrary to the laws of a state or of nations. 2. Illegal 
traffic. — Burke. 

GONTRA-BAND, v. t. To import goods prohibited. 

GON'TRA-BAND-IST, n. One who traffics illegally. 

■£OX-TRA-BAS'SO. [It.] The largest kind of bass-viol, usu- 
ally called the double bass. 

€OIS'TRA Bo'NoS MO'ReS. [L.] Against good morals. 

GON-TRACT', v. t. [L. contraho, contractum.] 1. To draw 
together or nearer ; to draw into a less compass ; as, to 
contract the mind, to contract one's business. 2. To draw 
the parts together ; to wrinkle ; as, to contract one's brow. 
3. To betrolh ; to affiance ; as, to contract a daughter in 
marriage. 4. To draw to ; to bring on ; as, to contract 
debts. 5. To shorten by omission of a letter or syllable. 
6. To reduce to narrower limits ; as, to contract an essay. 
-Syn. To shorten ; abridge ; epitomize ; narrow ; lessen ; 
condense ; reduce ; confine ; incur. 

GON-TRACT', v. i. 1. To shrink ; to become shorter or 
narrower. 2. To bargain ; to make a mutual agreement, 
as between two or more persons. 

CON-TRACT, for contracted, pp. Affianced ; betrothed.— 
Shak. 

CONTRACT, n. 1. An agreement or covenant between 
two or more persons ; a mutual promise upon lawful con- 
sideration or cause, which binds the parties to a perform- 
ance ; a bargain ; a compact. 2. The act by which a man 
and woman are betrothed, each to the other. 3. The 
writing which contains the agreement of parties, with the 
terms and conditions. — Syn. Covenant ; agreement ; com- 
pact ; stipulation ; bargain ; arrangement ; obligation. 

GON-TRACTED, pp. 1. Drawn together, or into a shorter 
or narrower compass ; shrunk ; betrothed ; incurred ; 
bargained. 2. a. Drawn together ; narrow ; mean ; self- 
ish. — Contracted vein, or vefna contradta, a term denoting 
the diminution which takes place in the diameter of a 
stream of water issuing from a vessel at a short distance 
from the discharging aperture. — Hebert. 

eON-TRA€TED-LY, adv. In a contracted manner. 

CON-TRAGT'ED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being contract- 
ed. 2. Narrowness ; meanness ; excessive selfishness. 

GON-TRA€T-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Possibility of being contract- 
ed ; quality of suffering contraction. 

GON-TRACTT-BLE, a. Capable of contraction. 

GON-TRAGTI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of suffering con- 
traction ; contractibility. — Diet. 

GON-TRAGTlLE, a. Tending to contract; having the 
power of shortening, or of drawing into smaller dimen- 
sions. 

CON-TRACT-ILl-TY, n. The inherent quality or force by 
which bodies shrink or contract. 

CONTRACTING, ppr. 1. Shortening or narrowing ; draw- 
ing together ; lessening dimensions ; shrinking ; making a 
bargain ; betrothing. 2. a. Making or having made a con- 
tract or treaty ; stipulating. 

GON-TR ACTION, %._ [L. contractio.] 1. The act of drawing 
together, or shrinking ; the act of shortening, narrowing, 
or lessening extent or dimensions, by causing the parts 
of a body to approach nearer to each other ; the state of 
being contracted. 2. The act of shortening, abridging, or 
reducing within a narrower compass by any means. — 3. 
In grammar, the shortening of a word, by the omission of 
a letter or syllable. 4. A contract ; marriage contract ; 
[not used.] 5. Abbreviation. 

CON-TRACTOR, n. 1. One who contracts ; one of the 
parties to a bargain ; one who covenants to do any thing 
for another. 2. One who contracts or covenants with a 
government to furnish provisions or other supplies, or to 
perform any work or service for the public, at a certain 
price or rate. 

GONTRA-DaNCE, n. [Fr. contre-danse.] A dance in which 
the partners are arranged in opposition, or in opposite lines. 
[It is more generally spelled and pronounced country- 
dance, though in opposition to the meaning and derivation.] 

GON-TRA-DIGT, v. t. [L. contradico.] 1. To oppose by 
words ; to assert the contrary to what has been asserted, 
or to deny what has been affirmed. 2. To oppose ; to be 
directly contrary to ; as, his actions contradict his words. 
-Syn. To oppose ; gainsay ; deny ; resist ; impugn ; cor- 
rect ; rectifv ; retract ; recall ; recant. 

GON-TRA-DIGT'ED, pp. Opposed in words ; opposed ; de- 
nied. 

CON-TRA-DIGTER, n. One who contradicts or denies ; 
an opposer. — Swift. 

CON-TRA-DICTTNG, ppr. Affirming the contrary to what 
has been asserted ; denying ; opposing. 

CON-TRA-DICTION, n. [L. contradictio.] 1. An assertion 
of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed ; denial ; 



contrary declaration. 2. Opposition, whether by worda. 
reproaches, or attempts to defeat. 3. Direct opposition 
or repugnancy ; inconsistency with itself ; incongruity or 
contrariety of things, words, thoughts, or propositions. 

t CON-TRA-DICTION-AL, a. Inconsistent. 

CON-TRA-DICTIOUS (-dik'shus). a. 1. Filled with contra- 
dictions ; inconsistent. 2. Inclined to contradict ; dis- 
posed to deny or cavil. 3. Opposite ; inconsistent. 

GON-TRA-DICTIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Inconsistency ; contra- 
riety to itself. 2. Disposition to contradict or cavil. 

GON-TRA-DICT'lVE, a. Containing contradiction. 

CON-TRA-DICT'IVE-LY, adv. By contradiction. 

GON-TRA-DIGTO-RI-LY, adv. In a contradictory manner ; 
in a manner inconsistent with itself, or opposite to others. 

GON-TRA-DICTO-RI-NES8, n. Direct opposition ; contra- 
riety in assertion or effect. 

CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, a. 1. Affirming the contrary ; im- 
plying a denial of what has been asserted. 2. Inconsist- 
ent ; opposite ; contrary. 

CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, n. A proposition which denies or 
opposes another in all its terms ; contrariety ; inconsisfr 
ency. 

GON-TRA-DIS-TINGT, a. Distinguished by opposite quat 
ities. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TINC'TION, n. Distinction by opposite qual- 
ities. 

GON-TRA-DIS-TINGT'lVE, a, Distinguishing by opposite*. 
— Harris. 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TIN"GUISH (-ting'gwish), v. t. To distin- 
guish, not merely by differential, but by opposite qualities. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISELED (-ting'gwisht), pp. Distin- 
guished by opposites. 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TrN"GUISH-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by op- 
posites. 

GON-TRA-FIS'SURE (fish'yur), n. In surgery, a fissure or 
fracture in the cranium, on the side opposite to that which 
received the blow, or at some distance from it. 

CON-TRA-IN'DI-CANT, n. A symptom that forbids to treat 
a disorder in theusual way. — Burke. 

€ON-TRA-IN'DI-€aTE, v. t. In medicine, to indicate some 
method of cure, contrary to that which the general tenor 
of the disease requires ; or to forbid that to be done which 
the main scope of the malady points out. 

CON-TRA-IN'DI-Ga-TED, pp. Indicating a method contrary 
to the usual one. 

CON-TRA-IN'DI-Ga-TING, ppr. Indicating a contrary meth- 
od of cure. 

GON-TRA-IN-DI-Ga'TION, n. An indication, from some 
peculiar symptom or fact, that forbids the method of 
cure which the main symptoms or nature of the disease 
requires. 

■CON-TRAIJTO, n. [It.] In music, the part immediately 
below the treble ; called, also, the counter tenor. 

GON'TRA-MURE, n. An out wall. See Countermttre. 

GON-TRA-NAT'U-RAL, a. Opposite to nature. [Rare.] 

€ON-TRA-Ni'TEN-CY, n. Reaction ; resistance to force. 

f CON-TRA-PoSE', v. t. To set in opposition. 

€ON-TRA-PO-Si"TION (-zish'un), n. A placing over against ; 
opposite position. 

CON-TRA-PUNT'AL, a. Pertaining to counterpoint. 

CON-TRA-PUNTIST, n. One skilled in counterpoint 

GON-TRA-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Contrariety to rule, or to 
regularity. 

CON-TRI'RI-ANT, a. [Fr.] Contradictory ; opposite ; in- 
consistent. [Little used.] 

GON'TRA-RIES (kon'tra-riz), n. pi. In logic, propositions 
which destroy each other, but of which the falsehood of 
one does not establish the truth of the other. 

CON-TRA-R.I'E-TY, n. [L. contrarietas.] 1. Opposition in 
fact, essence, quality, or principle. 2. Quality or position 
destructive of its opposite.— Syn. Inconsistency; discep 
ancy; repugnance. 

GON'TRA-RI-LY, adv. In an opposite manner ; in opposi- 
tion ; on the other side ; in opposite ways. 

GONTRA-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety; opposition. 

CON-TRX'RI-OUS, a. Contrary ; opposite ; repugnant. 

GON-TRa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Contrarfly; oppositely.— Shak. 

€ON'TRA-RI-WiSE, adv. On the contrary ; oppositely ; on 
the other hand. 

CON'TRA-RY, a. [L. contrarius.] 1. Acting against or in an 
opposite direction ; as, a contrary wind. 2. Contradictory ; 
not merely different, but inconsistent or repugnant ; as, 
contrary to your interests. [This adjective, in many 
phrases, is to be treated grammatically as an adverb, or as 
an adjective referring to a sentence or affirmation ; as, 
this happened contrary to my expectations.]— Syn. Ad- 
verse ; repugnant ; hostile ; inimical ; discordant ; incon- 
sistent. 

CON'TRA-RY, n. 1. A thing that is contrary or of opposite 
qualities. 2. A proposition contrary to another, or a fact 
contrary to what ia alleged. — On the contrary, in opposi- 
tion ; on the other side. — To the contrary, to an opposite 
purpose or fact 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



CON 



224 



CON 



€ON'TRA-RY, v. t. [Fr. contrarier.] To contradict or op- 
pose. 

€ONTRA-RY-MlND'ED, o. Of a different mind or opin- 
ion. — Hall. 

€ON-TRaST", v. t. [Fr. contr aster.) 1. To set in opposition 
different things or qualities, to show the superior excel- 
lence of one ; as, to contrast the condition of the rich and 
the poor. — 2. In painting and sculpture, to place figures in 
such opposition or dissimilitude that the one shall give 
greater visibility and effect to the other ; as, " the figures 
of the groups must contrast each other." — Dryden. 

€ON-TRiST, v. i. To stand in contrast or opposition to ; 
as, " this region contrasts, in most respects, with the bar- 
ren wastes of Anti-Libanus." — Kitto. 

GON'TRaST, to. 1. Opposition of things or qualities ; or 
the placing of opposite things in view, to exhibit the supe- 
rior excellence of one to more advantage. — 2. In painting 
and sculpture, an opposition or dissimilitude of figures, 
&c, by which one part gives more visibility and effect to 
another. — Elmes. 

GON-TRIST'ED, pp. or a. Set in opposition ; examined in 
opposition. 

GON-TRaSTTNG, ppr. Placing in opposition, with a view 
to exhibit the difference of things, and exhibit the advan- 
tage or excellence of one beyond that of the other. 

GON'TRA-TEN'OR, n. In music, a middle part between the 
tenor and treble ; contralto ; counter. 

GON'TRITE-WHEEL, to. A wheel, the teeth of which he 
contrary to those of the other wheels, that is, parallel to 
the axis ; used chiefly for clock-work. 

GON-TRA-VAL-La'TION, n. [Fr. contrcvallation.] In forti- 
fication, a trench guarded with a parapet, formed by the 
besiegers between their camp ana the place besieged, to 
secure themselves, and check the sallies of the garrison. 

GON-TRA-VeNE', v. t. [L. contravenio.] To oppose in prin- 
ciple or effect ; to obstruct in operation ; as, this law con- 
travenes the principles of the constitution. — Syn. To con- 
tradict ; set aside ; nullify ; defeat ; cross ; obstruct. 

€ON-TRA-VeN'£D (kon-tra-veend'), pp. Opposed; ob- 
structed. 

GON-TRA-VeN'ER, to. One who opposes. 

GON-TRA-VeN'ING, ppr. Opposing in principle or effect. 

GON-TRA-VEN'TION, to. Opposition ; obstruction ; a de- 
feating of the operation or effect. 

GON-TRA- VERSION, to. [L. contra and versio.] A turning 
to the opposite side ; antistrophe. 

GON-TRA-YER'VA, to. [Sp. contrayerba.] Literally, an anti- 
dote ; the popular name of several South American herba- 
ceous plants, whose roots are sometimes used in medicine. 

GON-TREG-Ta'TION, to. [L. contrectatio.] A touching or 
handling. — Ferrand. 

€ON-TRE-TEMPS' (kon-tr-tangO, n. [Fr.] An unexpect- 
ed accident, which throws every thins: into confusion. 

CON-TRIB'U-TA-BLE, a. That can be contributed. 

GON-TRIB'U-TA-RY, a. Paying tribute to the same sover- 
eign ; contributing aid to the same chief or principal. 

€ON-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. contribuo.] 1. To give or grant in 
common with others ; to give to a common stock, or for 
a common purpose ; to pay a share. 2. To impart a por- 
tion or share to a common purpose. 

GON-TRIB^TE, v. i. To give a part ; to lend a portion of 
power, aid, or influence ; to have a share in any act or 
effect. — Syn. To impart ; minister ; conduce ; administer ; 
promote ; forward. 

GON-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Given or advanced to a common 
fund, stock, or purpose ; paid as a share. 

GON-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Giving in common with others to 
some stock or purpose ; imparting a share. 

GON-TRI-Bu'TION, n. 1. The act of giving to a common 
stock, or in common with others ; the act of lending a 
portion of power or influence to a common purpose ; the 
payment of each man's share of some common expense. 
2. That which is given to a common stock or purpose, 
either by an individual or by many. — 3. In a military sense, 
impositions paid by a frontier country to secure them- 
selves from being plundered by the enemy's army ; or im- 
positions upon a country in the power of an enemy, which 
are levied under various pretenses. 

GON-TRIB'U-TlVE, a. Tending to contribute ; contribu- 
ting ; having the power or quality of giving a portion of 
aid or influence ; lending aid to promote, in concurrence 
with others. 

GON-TRIB'U-TOR, n. One who contributes; one who 
gives or pays money to a common object. 

GON-TRIB'U-TO-RY, a. Contributing to the same stock or 
purpose ; promoting the same end ; bringing assistance to 
some joint design, or increase to some common stock. 

t GON-TRISTITE, v. t. [L. contristo.] To make sorrowful. 

t GON-TRIS-TA'TION, n. The act of making sad.— Bacon. 

k GONTP-lTE, a. [L. contritus.] Literally, worn or bruised. 
Hence, broken-hearted for sin ; deeply affected with grief 
and sorrow for having offended God. — Syn. Penitent ; re- 
pentant ; humble ; sorrowful. 



* COhTRlTE-LY, adv. In a contrite manner ; with penl 

tence. 

* €ON'TRlTE-NESS, to. Deep sorrow and penitence for sin. 
CON-TRl"TION (kon-trish'un), to. [L. contrilio.) 1. The ac 

of grinding or rubbing to powder. 2. Deep sorrow for 
sin ; grief of heart for wrong doing, especially toward 
God. — Syn. Repentance; penitence; humiliation; com 
punction ; self-reproach ; remorse. 

GON-TRlVA-BLE, a. That may be contrived ; capable of 
being planned, invented, or devised. 

GON-TRlVANCE, n. 1. The act of inventing, devising, or 
planning. 2. The thing invented or planned ; disposition 
of parts or causes by design. — Syn. Device ; plan ; scheme: 
invention ; project ; design ; machination ; shift. 

€ON-TRlVE', v. t. [Fr. controuver.] 1. To frame or devise 
something, as a machine, a plan, &c. 2. To wear out; 
[" Totum nunc contrivi diem." — Ter.] " Three ages such 
as mortal men contrive." — Spenser; [obs.] — Syn. To in- 
vent ; discover ; plan ; concert ; project ; plot ; hatch. 

GON-TRl VE', v. i. To form or design ; to plan ; to scheme. 

€ON-TRlV'£D (kon-trivd'), pp. or a. Invented ; planned ; 
devised. 

€ON-TRIVE'MENT, to. Contrivance ; invention. 

GON-TRlVER, to. An inventor ; one who plans or devises , 
a schemer. 

GON-TRIVTNG, ppr. Planning; forming in design. 

€ON-TRoL', to. [Fr. controlled 1. Primarily, a book, regis- 
ter, or account, kept to correct or check another account 
or register ; a counter-roll. Hence, check ; restraint. 2. 
Power ; authority ; government ; command. 3. He or 
that which restrains. — Burke. 

GON-TRoL', v. t. To keep under check by a counter-regis- 
ter or double account ; as, to control the public accounts. 
2. To place or keep under restraint ; as, to control one's 
passions. 3. To have under command and direction ; as, 
to control the measures of government. — 4. In law, to over- 
rule and govern in opposition ; as, " a recital can not con- 
trol the plain words in the granting part of a deed." — Syn. 
To restrain ; rule ; govern ; direct ; check ; curb ; over- 
power ; counteract. 

€ON-TR5L'LA-BLE, a. That may be controlled, checked, 
or restrained ; subject to command. 

GON-TRoL'L£D (kon-troW), pp. Checked ; restrained , 
governed. 

GON-'PRoL'LER, n. [Norm, countre-rouler.] 1. One who 
controls or restrains ; one who has the power or authority 
to govern or control. 2. An officer appointed to keep a 
counter-register of accounts, or to oversee, control, or ver- 
ify the accounts of other officers ; as, in Great Britain, the 
controller of the hanaper, of the household, of the pipe, 
and of the pells. — In the United States, the duty of the con- 
troller of the treasury is to superintend the adjustment and 
preservation of the public accounts. 

€ON-TR5L'LER-SHIP, to. The office of a controller. 

CON-TRoL'LING, ppr. or a. Checking; governing. 

€ON-TR5L'MENT, n. 1. The power or act of controlling, 
the state of being restrained ; control ; restraint. 2. Op- 
position ; resistance ; counteraction ; refutation. [Control 
is more used.] 

t GON-TRO-VER'SA-RY, a. Disputatious.— Bishop Hall. 

t GON'TRO-VERSE, n. and v. Controversy ; to dispute 

t IonSSvErIo!, \ n - A ^^t-Montagu. 

GON-TRO-VER'SIAL, a. Relating to disputes ; as, a con- 
troversial discourse. 

GON-TRO-VEPi/SIAL-IST, n. One who carries on a con- 
troversy ; a disputant. 

CON-TRO-VERSIAL-LY, adv. In a controversial manner. 

t-CON-TRO-VER'SI-LESS, a. Not admitting controverf y ; 
questionless. 

GON-TRO-VER'SION, to. Act of controverting. 

€ON'TRO-VER-SY, to. [L. controversial 1. Opposition car- 
ried on in outward acts ; as, " the Lord hath a controversy 
with his people." 2. A debate between parties, particu- 
larly in writing. 3. A law-suit. — Syn. Dispute; contest, 
debate ; disputation ; wrangle ; strife ; quarrel ; hostility. 

GON'TRO-VER-SY-WRlT'ER, n. A controversialist. 

€ON'TRO-VERT, v. t. [L. controverto.] To dispute ; to op 
pose by reasoning ; to contend against in words or writ 
ings ; to deny, and attempt to disprove or confute ; to agi 
tate contrary opinions. 

GON'TRO- VERT-ED, pp. or a. Disputed ; opposed in debate. 

€ON'TRO-VERT-ER, to. One who controverts ; a contro 
versial writer. — Ben Jonson. 

GON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may fee disputed ; disput 
able ; not too evident to exclude difference of opinion. 

GON-TRO-VERT'I-BLY, adv. In a controvertible manner. 

€ON'TRO-VERT-ING, ppr. Disputing; denying, and at- 
tempting to refute. 

GON'TRO- VEPi/T-IST, to. One who controverts ; a dispu- 
tant ; a man versed or engaged in controversy or dispu- 
tation. 

€ON-Tu'BER-NAL, a. [L. contubernalis.] Pertaining to fel 



See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— Mi) VE, BOOK. 



CON 



225 



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Jowship in a mess or lodging ; denoting a species of con- 
cubinage. 

€ON-TU-Ma'CIOUS (kon-tu-ma'shus), a. [L. contumax.] 1. 
Literally, swelling against. Hence, opposing rightful au- 
thority with pride and stubbornness. — 2. In law, willfully- 
disobedient to the orders of a court. — Syn. Stubborn ; ob- 
stinate ; perverse ; unyielding ; inflexible ; proud ; haugh- 
ty; headstrong. 

CON-TU-Ma'CIOUS-LY, adv. Obstinately; stubbornly; 
perversely ; in disobedience of orders. 

GON-TU-Ma'CIOUS-NESS, n. Obstinacy; perverseness ; 
stubbornness ; contumacy. 

CON'TU-MA-CY, n. [L. contumaciam 1. Unyielding resist- 
ance to rightful authority. — 2. In law, a willful contempt 
and disobedience to any lawful summons or order of 
court. — Syn. Stubbornness ; perverseness ; haughtiness. 

GON-TU-ME'LI-OUS, a. [L. contumeliosus.] 1. Haughtily 
reproachful ; contemptuous ; insolent ; rude and sarcastic. 
2. Haughty and contemptuous ; disposed to utter reproach, 
or to insult ; insolent ; proudly rude. 3. Reproachful ; 
shameful ; ignominious. 

GON-TU-ME'LI-OUS-LY, adv. In a contumelious manner; 
with pride and contempt ; reproachfully ; rudely ; inso- 
lently. 

GON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-NESS, n. Reproach ; rudeness ; con- 
tempt. 

GONTU-ME-LY, n. [L. contumelia.] Rudeness or reproach 
compounded of haughtiness and contempt; contemptu- 
ousness ; insolence ; contemptuous language. 

f GON-Tu'MU-LaTE, v. t. [L. contumulo.] To bury ; to lay 
in the grave. 

GON-TUND', v. t. [L. contundo.] To beat; to bruise by 
beating. [Little used.] 

GON-TuSE', v. t. [L. contusus.] To beat ; to bruise ; to in- 
jure the flesh or substance of a living being or other thing, 
without breaking the skin or substance, sometimes with a 
breach of the skin or substance. 

GON-T0S.ED', pp. or a. Bruised. 

CON-TuS'ING, ppr. Bruising. 

GON-TU'SION (kon-tu'zhun), n. [L. contusio.) 1. The act 
of beating and bruising, or the state of being bruised. 
2. The act of reducing to powder or fine particles by beat- 
ing. — 3. In surgery, a bruise ; a hurt or injury to the flesh 
or some part of the body, by a blunt instrument, or by a 
fall, without breach or apparent wound. 

GO-NUN'DRUM, n. A sort of riddle, in which some odd re- 
semblance is proposed for discovery between things quite 
unlike ; a quibble ; a low jest. — Smart. 

f GON'U-SA-BLE, a. Liable to be tried or judged. 

GON'U-SANCE, n. [Fr. connoissance.] Cognizance ; knowl- 
edge; notice. 

CONUSANT, a. Knowing ; having notice of. 

CON-U-SOR'. See Cognizor. 

GON-VA-LESCE' (kon-va-less'), v. i. To recover health. 

GON-VA-LES'CENCE, \n. [L. convalesco.} Renewal of 

GON-VA LES'CEN-CY, 5 health; the insensible recovery 
of health and strength after disease; the state of a body 
renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness. 

GON-VA-LES'CENT, a. Recovering health and strength 
after sickness or debility. 

GON-VA-LES'CING, ppr. Recovering health. 

GON-VEGTION, n. [L. convectio.] The act of carrying or 
conveying ; as, the convection of heat. 

GON-VeN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be convened or assem- 
bled. _ 2. Consistent. — Spenser ; [obsolete.] 

GON-VeNE', v. i. [L. convenio.] 1. To come together, as 
things ; [unusual.] 2. To come together in the same 
place, as persons. — Syn. To meet; assemble. 

GON-VeNE', v. t. 1. To cause to assemble ; to call together; 
to convoke. 2. To summon judicially to meet or appear. 

GON-VeN'ED (kon-veend'), pp. Assembled ; convoked. 

GON-VeN'ER, n. 1. One who convenes or meets with 
others ; [obs.] 2. One who calls an assembly together. 
Hence, 3. The chairman of an organized body, as a com- 
mittee ; it being his province to convene them. — Scottish. 

GON-VeN'IENCE, }n. [L. convenient.] 1. Fitness; suit- 

GON-VEN'IEN-CY, 5 ableness ; propriety ; adaptation of 
one thing to another, or to circumstances. 2. Commodi- 
ousness ; ease ; freedom from difficulty. 3. That which 
gives ease ; accommodation ; that which is suited to wants 
or necessity. 4. Fitness of time or place. 

GON-VeNTENT, a. Adapted to use or to wants.— Syn. Fit ; 
suitable; adapted; fitted; suited; commodious. 

€JON-VeN'IENT-LY, adv. 1. Fitly ; suitably ; with adapta- 
tion to the end or effect. 2. Commodiously ; with ease ; 
without trouble or difficulty. 

GON-VeNTNG, ppr. Coming together ; calling together. 

GON-VeN'ING, n. The act of coming together ° conven- 
tion. 

CON'VENT, n. [L. conventus.] 1. An assembly of persons 
devoted to religion ; a body of monks or nuns. 2. A house 
for persons devoted to religion ; an abbey ; a monastery ; 
a nunnery. 



GON-VEN.T, v. t. [L. conventus.] To call before a judge of 
judicature. — Shak. 

t CON-VENT, v. i. To meet ; to concur. 
CON-VENTT-GLE, n. [L. conventiculum.] 1. An assem 
bly or meeting ; usually applied to a meeting of dissenters 
from the established church, for religious worship. Hence, 
an assembly, in contempt. — In the United States, this word 
has no appropriate application. 2. A secret assembly or 
cabal ; a meeting for plots. 

GON-VENTI-GLE, v. i. To belong to a conventicle. 
CON-VENTT-CLER, n. One who supports or ft vmente 
conventicles. — Dryden. 

GON-VEN'TION, n. [L. convention 1. The act of Mining 
together; a meeting of several persons or indiv'duals. 
2. Union ; coalition. 3. An assembly. [In this sense the 
word includes any formal meeting or collection of men 
for civil or ecclesiastical purposes.] 4. An agreement or 
contract between two parties, as between the command- 
ers of two armies ; an agreement previous to or hi the 
place of a definitive treaty. 

CON-VEN'TION-AL, a. [Fr. conventional] 1. Stipulated : 
formed by agreement. 2. Arising out of custom or tacit 
agreement ; as, a conventional use of language. 

CON-VEN-TION-AL'I-TY, n. A conventional mode of liv- 
ing and acting. 

GON-VEN'TION-AL-LY, adv. By tacit agreement. 

GON-VENTION-AL-ISM, n. That which is received or es- 
tablished by tacit agreement, as a phrase, <fec. 

GON-VE NTION-A-RY, a. Acting under contract ; settled 
by stipulation ; conventional. 

GON-VEN'TION-ER, n. One who belongs to a convention. 

GON-VENTION-IST, n. One who makes a contract. 

CON-VENT<U-AL, a. [Fr. conventuel] Belonging to a con- 
vent ; monastic. 

CON-VENTU-AL, n. One who lives in a convent ; a monk 
or nun. — Addison. 

GON-VERdE' (kon-verj'), v. i. [Low L. convergo.] To tend 
to one point ; to incline and approach nearer together, aa 
two lines which continually approach each other ; opposed 
to diverge. 

GON-VERg'ENCE, ) n. The quality of converging ; tend 

GON-VERd'EN-CY, > ency to one point. 

CON-VER6'ENT, a. Tending to one point; approaching 
each other, as they proceed or are extending. 

CON- VERGING, ppr. or a. Tending to one point , approach- 
ing each other, as lines extended. — Converging rays, in 
optics, those rays of fight which, proceeding from differ- 
ent points of an object, tend toward a single point; at this 
point they cross, and become diverging" rays. — Converg- 
ing series, in mathematics, is that in which the magnitude 
of the several terms gradually diminishes. — Encyc. 



GON-VERS'A-BLE, 



[It. conversabile ; Fr. conversable. 



Disposed to converse ; ready or inclined to mutual com- 
munication of thoughts ; sociable ; free in discourse. 

CON-VERS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being free in 
conversation ; disposition or readiness to converse ; socia- 
bility. 

GON-VERS'A-BLY, adv. In a conversable manner. 

CON'VER-SANCE, \ n. Disposition to associate ; habjfr of 

GON'VER-SAN-CY, 5 familiarity. 

* CON'VER-SANT, a. [It. conversante.] Having mueft con 
verse, intercourse, or familiarity ; as, convcrsemt with 
books, with men, with business, <fcc. Formerly, it was 
followed by in or about ; but with is now used. 

GON'VER-SANT-LY, adv. With conversance or familiarity. 

GON-VER-SA'TION, n. 1. General course of manners ; be- 
havior; deportment; especially as it respects morals ; as,. 
a conversation becoming the Gospel ; [nearly obsolete.] 
2. A keeping company ; familiar intercourse ; intimate 
fellowship or association; commerce in social fife; as, 
conversation with the best company. — Dryden. 3. Inti- 
mate and familiar acquaintance ; as, conversation in bookg. 
— Bacon ; [obs.] 4. Familiar discourse ; general inter- 
course of sentiments ; opposed to a formal conference.- 
Syn. Intercotirse ; communion ; commerce ; familiarity , 
discourse ; dialogue ; colloquy ; talk ; chat 

GON-VER-SXTION-AL, a. Pertaining to conversation 
done in mutual discourse or talk. 

CON-VER-Sa'TION-AL-IST, 72. One who-excels in conver- 
sation. 

t CON-VER-Sa'TION-ED, a. Acquainted with -the manner 
of acting in life. 

GON-VERS'A-Tl VE, a. Relating to a> intercourse with men. 

■eON'VER-SAZ-I-0'NE(konS-ev-&iX-zf J -b'ria.),n. [It.] A meet- 
ing for conversation, generally on literary topics. 

GON- VERSE' (kon-versO, »• *'• [L. conversor.] 1. To keep 
company ; to hold intercourse and be intimately acquaint- 
ed ; as, " Seek the hills, and there converse with nature." — 
Thomson. 2. To have sexual commerce. 3. To talk fa- 
miliarly : to have free intercourse in mutual communica- 
tion of thoughts and opinions; to convey thoughts recip 
rocally. — Syn. To associate ; commune ; discourse ; talk j 
speak. 



D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VFCIOUS.— C as K; d as J; S as Z; cH as SH; TH as in this. 
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U-U4A 



CON 



22H 



CON 



CON'VERSEj n. 1. Conversation ; familiar discourse or 
talk | free interchange of thoughts or opinions. 2. Ac 
quaintance by frequent or customary intercourse ; cohab- 
itation ; familiarity. — 3. In logic, the converse of a prop- 
osition is that which arises from interchanging the terms, 
i. c. putting the predicate for the subject and the subject 
for the predicate. It should not be confounded (as is 
sometimes done) with the contrary or opposite of a prop- 
osition, which is formed by introducing the negative not 
or no. — 4. In mathematics, an inverted proposition, i. e., 
one in which the supposition and conclusion of a preced- 
ing proposition change places. 

€ON'VERSE, a. Opposite, or reciprocal. 

CON'VERSE-LY, adv. With change of order ; in a contrary 
order; reciprocally. 

CON- VERSION, n. [L. conversio.] 1. In a general sense, a 
turning or change from one state to another ; with regard 
to substances, transmutation. — 2. In military affairs, a change 
of front, as when a body of troops is attacked in the flank, 
and they change their position to face the enemy. — 3. In 
a theological or moral sense, a change of heart, or dispo- 
sitions, succeeded by a reformation of life. 4. Change 
from one side or party to another. 5. A change from one 
religion to another. 6. The act of appropriating to private 
use. — Conversion of equations, in algebra, the reduction of 
equations by multiplication, or the manner of altering an 
equation, when the quantity sought, or any member of it, 
is a fraction ; the reducing of a fractional equation into an 
integral one. — Conversion of proportion, in mathematics, is 
when, of four proportionals, it is inferred that the first is 
to its excess above the second as the third is to it* excess 
above the fourth. — Conversion of propositions, in logic, is 
a changing of the subject into the place of the predicate, 
and still retaining the quality of the proposition. 

f CON-VERS'lVE, a. Conversable. 

CON- VERT, v. t. [L. converto.] 1. To change or turn into 
another substance or form ; as, to convert water into 
steam. 2. To change from one state to another; as, to 
convert the wilderness into a fruitful field. 3. To change 
or turn from one religion to another, or from one party 
or sect to another ; as, to convert the heathen. 4. To turn 
from a bad life to a good one ; to change the heart and 
moral character, from enmity to God, and from vicious 
habits, to love of God and to a holy life ; as, to convert sin- 
ners. 5. To turn toward a point ; f unusual.} 6. To turn 
from one use or destination to another ; as, to convert the 
press into an engine of licentiousness. 7. To appropriate 
or apply to one's own use, or to personal benefit ; as, to 
convert the property of others to his own use. 8. To 
change one proposition into another, so that what was the 
subject of the first becomes the predicate of the second. 
9. To turn into another language. 

CON- VERT, v. i. To turn or be changed ; to undergo a 
change. 

CON'VERT, n. 1. A person who is converted from one 
opinion or practice to another ; a person who renounces 
one creed, religious system, or party, and embraces an- 
other. 2. In a more strict sense, one who is turned from 
sin to holiness. — 3. In monasteries, a lay-friar or brother, 
-admitted to the service of the house, without orders, and 
, not allowed to sing in the choir. 
r€ON- VERTED, pp. or a. Turned or changed from one 
substance or state to another ; turned from one religion 
or sect to another ; changed from a state of sin to a state 
of holiness ; applied to a particular use ; appropriated. 
- CON-VERTER, n. One who converts ; one who makes 

converts. 
. CON-VERT-I-BILT-TY, n. 1. The capability of being con- 
verted or changed from one substance, form, or state to 
another. — Burke. 2. The quality of being changeable from 
one letter to another. 
. CON.VERTT-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be changed ; sus- 
ceptible of change ; transmutable ; transformable. 2. So 
much alike that one may be used for another. 3. That 
may be changed, as one letter for another. 

CON-VERT'I-BLE-NESS, n. Convertibility. 

CON-VERTI-BLY, adv. Reciprocally ; with interchange 
of terms. 

CONVERTING, ppr. or a. Turning from one substance or 
state to another ; turning from one religion to another ; 
changing from a state of sin to a state of holiness ; apply- 
ing to a particular use ; appropriating. 

t CON'VERT-iTE, n. A convert. 

CON'VEX, a. [L. convexus.] Rising or swelling on the ex- 
terior surface into a spherical or round form ; gibbous ; 
opposed to concave, which expresses a round form of the 
interior surface. 
. CON'VEX, n. A convex body ; as, heaven's convex. 

CON'VEXED (kon'vext), «• Made convex ; protuberant in 
a spherical form. 

CON-VEX'ED-LY, adv. In a convex form. 

flON-VEX'I-TY, n. [L. convexitas.] The exterior surface 
of a convex body ; a gibbous or globular form ; roundness. 



CON'VEX-LY, adv. In a convex form. 

CON'VEX-NESS, n. Convexity, which see. 

CON-VEX'0-CON'CXVE, a. Convex on one side and con 
cave on the other ; having the hollow on the inside cor 
responding to the convex surface. 

CON-VEX'O-CON'VEX, a. Convex on both sides. 

CON-VEY' (kon-va'), v. t. [L. conveho.] 1. To carry, beai 
or transport, either by land or water, or in air ; as, to con 
vey a package. 2. To pass or cause to pass ; to transmit , 
as, to convey a right, &c. 3. To transfer ; to pass a title 
to any thing from one person to another, as by deed, as- 
signment, or otherwise ; as, to convey land by deed. 4. To 
cause to pass ; to transmit ; to carry, by any medium ; as, 
to convey ideas. 5. To manage with privacy ; as, " I wilj 
convey the business as I shall find means." — Shak: ; [obs.] 
6. To impart ; to communicate. 

f CON-VEY (kon-va'), v. i. To play the thief— Shak. 

CON-VEY' A-BLE (kon-va'a-bl), a. That may be conveyed 
or transferred. — Burke. 

CON-VEY'ANCE (kon-va'ans), n. 1. The act of conveying, 
the act of bearing, carrying, or transporting, by land or 
water, or through any medium. 2. The act of transmit 
ting or transferring, as titles, estates, or claims, from one 
person to another ; transmission ; transferrence ; assign- 
ment. 3. The instrument or means of passing a thing 
from place to place, or person to person. 4. Removal , 
the act of removing or carrying. 5. Management ; arti- 
fice ; secret practices ; [obsolete.] 

CON-VEY'AN-CER (kon-va'an-ser), n. One whose occu- 
pation is to draw conveyances of property, deeds, &c. 

CON-VEY'AN-CING, n. The act or practice of drawing 
deeds, leases, or other writings for transferring the title to 
property from one person to another. 

€ON-VEY.ED'(kon-vade'),£p. Carried; transmitted; trans- 
ferred. 

CON-VEY'ER (kon-Va'er), n. 1. One who conveys ; he or 
that which conveys, carries, transports, transmits, or trans- 
fers from one person or place to another. 2. A juggler. 

CON-VEY'ING, ppr. Carrying ; transporting ; transferring. 

€ON-VI-CIN'I-TY, n. Neighborhood; vicinity.— Warton. 

CON- VICT, v. t. [L. convinco, convictum.] 1. To prove or 
find guilty of a crime charged; to determine or decide to 
be guilty. 2. To convince of sin ; to prove or determine 
to be guilty, as by the conscience. 3. To confute ; to prove 
or show to be false ; [obsolete.] 4. To show by proof or 
evidence ; as, to convict a person of error. — Syn. To con- 
fute ; convince ; confound. 

CON- VICT, pp. for convicted. Proved or found guilty. — 
Shak. 

CONVICT, n. A person proved or found guilty of a crime 
alleged against him, either by the verdict of a jury or 
other legal decision. — Syn. Malefactor ; culprit ; felon. 

CON-VICTED, pp. or a. Proved or determined to be guilty, 
either by verdict of a iury or by the decision of conscience^ 

CON-VICT'ING, ppr. or a. Proving or finding guilty >iS ^^ 

CON-VICTION, n. 1. The act of proving, finding, or -determ- 
ining to be guilty of an offense charged against a person 
before a legal tribunal ; as, the conviction of a prisoner by 
the jury. 2. The act of convincing, or compelling one to 
admit the truth of a charge ; the act of convincing of sin 
or sinfulness ; the state of being convinced or convicted 
by conscience ; the state of being sensible of guilt. 3. The 
act of convincing of error ; confutation. 4. Strong belief, 
on the ground of satisfactory evidence, without any impli- 
cation of previous error ; as, the convictions of an honest 
mind. — Steele. 

CON-VICT'lVE, a. Having the power to convince or con- 
vict. 

CON-VICTJVE-LY, adv. In a convincing manner. 

CON-VICT'I VE-NESS, n. Power of convicting. 

CON-VINCE', v. t. [L. convinco.] 1. To satisfy the mind by 
evidence ; to subdue the opposition of the mind to truth, 
or to what is alleged, and compel it to yield its assent. 
2. To convict; to prove guilty; as, "to be convinced by 
the law as transgressors ;" [obs.] 3. To evince ; to prove ; 
as, " to convince the honor of my mistress." — Shak. ; [obs.) 
4. To overpower ; to vanquish ; as, " to convince with wine 
and wassail." — Shak. ; [obs.] 

€ON-VINC2?D' (kon-vinsr/), pp. or a. Persuaded in mind ; 
satisfied with evidence ; convicted. 

CON-VINCE'MENT, n. Conviction. [Little used.] 

CON-VIN'CER, n. He or that which convinces ; that which 
makes manifest. 

CON-VIN'CI-BLE, a. 1. Capable, of conviction. 2. Capable 
of being disproved or refuted ; [little used.] 

CON-VIN'CING, ppr. 1. Persuading the mind by evidence ; 
convicting. 2. a. Persuading the mind by evidence ; ca- 
pable of subduing the opposition of the mind, and compel 
ling its assent 

CON-VIN'CING-LY, adv. In a convincing manner ; in a 
manner to leave no room to doubt, or to compel assent 

CON-VIN'CING-NESS, n. The power of convincing. 

t CON-VI'TIOUS, a. [L. convitior.] Reproachful. 



.See Synopsis. A, E, I. &c u#v. ~£, E , 1, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5VE, BOOK 



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227 



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CC\-VlVE', v. t. To entertain; to feast— Shah. 

CON-VIV'I-AL, a. [L. convivalis.] Relating to a feast or en- 
tertainment. — Syn. Festive ; festal ; jovial ; social. 

CON-VIV-I-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The good humor or mirth in- 
dulged at an entertainment. 2. A convivial spirit or dis- 
position. _ 

CON'VO-CaTE, v. t, [L. convocc] To convoke ; to call or 
summon to meet ; to assemble by summons. 

CON-VO-CX'TION, n. [L. convocation 1. The act of calling 
or assembling by summons. 2. An assembly. — 3. In the 
Church of England, an assembly of the clergy, by then- 
representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical afl'airs. It has 
not, however, transacted any business for more than a 
century past— 4. In the University of Oxford, an academ- 
ical assembly, in which the business of the university is 
transacted. — Syn. Meeting ; assembly ; congregation ; con- 
gress^ diet; convention; synod; council. 

€ON-VoKE', v. t. [L. convoco.] To call together ; to sum- 
mon to meet ; to assemble by summons ; to convene. 

CON-V5K.ED' (kon-vokf), pp. Summoned or assembled by 
order. 

CON-VoKTNG. ppr. Summoning to convene ; assembling. 

€ON'VO-LUTE, { a. Rolled together, or one part on an- 

€ON'VO-LU-TED, j other. 

CON-VO-LtJTION, n. [L. convolutio.] 1. The act of rolling 
or winding together, or one thing on another ; the state 
of being rolled together. 2. A winding or twisting; a 
winding motion. 

€ON-VOLVE' (kon-volv'), v. t. [L. convolvo.] To roll or 
wind together ; to roll one part on another. 

CON-VOLV'ED, pp. Rolled together. 

CON-VOLVTNG, ppr. Rolling or winding together.- 

CON-VOLVU-LUS, n. [L.] Bindweed, a genus of plants 
of many species. 

€ON-VOY', v. t. [Fr. convoyer.] To accompany on the way 
for protection, either by sea or land. 

CON'VOY, 71. 1. A protecting force accompanying ships or 
property on their way from place to place, either by sea 
or land. By sea, a ship or ships of war which accompany 
merchantmen for protection from an enemy. By land, 
any body of troops which accompany provisions, ammu- 
nition, or other property for protection. 2. The ship or 
fleet conducted and protected ; that which is conducted 
by a protecting force ; that which is convoyed. 3. The 
act of attending for defense. 4. Conveyance ; [obs.] 

€ON-VOY'.ED (kon-voyd'), pp. Attended on a passage by a 
protecting force. 

CON-VOY'ING, ppr. Attending on a voyage or passage for 
defense from enemies ; attending and guarding. 

€ON-VULSE' (kon-vuls / ), v. t. [L. convulsus.] 1. To draw 
or contract, as the muscular parts of an animal body ; to 
affect by irregular spasms. 2. To shake ; to affect by vio- 
lent irregular action ; as, to convulse society. — Syn. To 
agitate ; disturb ; tear ; rend. 

€ON-VULS'£D (kon-vulstf), pp. Contracted by spasms ; 
shaken -violently. 

CON- VULSTNG, ppr. Affecting by spasmodic contractions ; 
shaking with violence. 

CON-VUL'SION, n, [L. convulsio.] 1. A preternatural, vio- 
lent and involuntary contraction of the muscular parts of 
an animal body. 2. Any violent and irregular motion ; as, 
convulsions in the body politic. — Syn. Agitation ; commo- 
tion ; tumult ; disturbance. 

CON-VUL'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to convulsion. 

CON-VUL'SiVE, a. 1. That produces convulsion. 2. At- 
tended with convulsion or spasms. 

CON-VUL'SIVE-LY, adv. With violent shaking or agitation. 

* CCN Y or €6N'Y, n. [D. konyn.] A rabbit ; a quadruped 

of the genus lepus, which has a short tail and naked ears. 
[Smart says, this word is pronounced cunny in familiar 
discourse, and cbny in solemn reading.] 

* Co'NY-BUR-RoW (ko'ne- or kun'ne-), n. A place where 

rabbits burrow in the earth. 

* Co'NY-CATCH (ko'ne- or kun'ne-), v. i. In the cant of 

thieves, to cheat : to bite ; to trick. — Shalt. 

** Co'NY-CATCH'ER, n. A thief; a cheat; a sharper. 
* Co'NY-CATCHTNG, n. Banter.— Shak. 

COO, v. i. To cry, or make a low sound, as pigeons or 
doves. — Thomson. 

COCK-ED (kood), pret. of Coo. 

COO'ING, ppr. or a. Uttering a low sound, as a dove. 

COOING, n. Invitation, as the note of the dove. 

COOK, v. t. [Sax. gecocnian ; D. kooken.] 1. To prepare, 
as victuals for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broil- 
ing, &e. To dress, as meat or vegetables, for eating. 2. 
To prepare for any purpose. 3. To throw. — Grose; [obs. 
or local.] 

COOK, v. i. To make the noise of the cuckoo. 

COOK, n. [Sax. coc ; D. kok.] One whose occupation is to 
prepare victuals for the table ; a man or woman who 
dresses meat or vegetables for eating. 

COOK'-MIID, 7i. A female servant or maid who dresses 
provisions. 



COOK'-ROOM, 7t. A room for cookery; a kitchen. On 
board of ships, a galley or caboose. 

COOKED (kookt), pp. or a. Prepared for the table. 

€OOK'ER-Y, 7i. The art or the practice of dressing and pre- 
paring victuals for the table. 

COOKING, ppr. or a. Preparing victuals for the table. 

COOKT, 7i. [D. kock, kockje, a cake.] A small cake, mod- 
erately sweet; [a familiar word in New England.] 

COOL, a. [Sax. col.] 1. Moderately cold ; being of a tem- 
perature between hot and cold. 2. Not ardent or zealous ; 
not angry ; not fond ; not excited by passion of any kind ; 
indifferent ; as, a cool answer, reception, lover, &c. 3. Not 
hasty ; deliberate ; as, a cool falsehood or deception. Hence, 
4. Impudent in a high degree, as when speaking of some 
trick, pretension, <fcc, we say, " that is cool." 5. Not re- 
taining heat ; as, a cool dress. — Syn. Calm ; dispassionate ; 
self-possessed ; composed ; repulsive ; frigid ; alienated ; 
impudent. 

COOL, 7i. A moderate state of cold; moderate tempera- 
ture of the air between hot and cold. 

COOL, v. t. [Sax. colian, acolian.] 1. To allay heat ; to make 
cool or cold ; to reduce the temperature of a substance. 
2. To moderate excitement of temper ; to allay, as passion 
of any kind ; to appease or calm, as anger ; to abate, as 
love ; to moderate, as desire, zeal, or ardor ; to render in- 
different 

COOL, v. i. 1. To become less hot ; to lose heat. 2. To 
lose the heat of excitement or passion ; to become less ar- 
dent angry, zealous, or affectionate ; to become more 
moderate. 

COOL'-CUP, 7i. A beverage that is cooling. 

COOL'-HEAD-ED (-hed'ed), a. Having a temper not easily 
excited ; free from passion. — Burke. 

COOL-TANK'ARD, n. An old English beverage, of various 
composition, but usually made of wine and water, or of 
ale with a small quantity of wine and lemon-juice, spices 
and burrage, or some other seasoning herbs. 

COOLED, pp. Made less hot, or less ardent. 

COOL'ER, 7i. 1. That which cools ; any substance which 
abates heat or excitement. 2. A vessel in which liquors 
or otner things are cooled. 

COOL'ING, ppr. or a. Abating heat or excitement ; making 
or becoming cool. 

COOL'ISH, a. Somewhat cool. — Goldsmith. 

COOL'LY, adv. 1. Without heat or sharp cold. 2. In a 
cool or indifferent manner; not cordially; without pas- 
sion or ardor. 3. Without haste ; calmly ; deliberately. 

COOL'NESS, 7i. 1. A moderate degree of cold ; a tempera- 
ture between cold and heat. 2. A moderate degree, or a 
want of passion ; want of ardor or zeal ; ^difference ; 
want of affection ; as, they parted with coolness. 

COOL'Y, 7i. An East Indian porter or carrier. 

COOM, 7i. [Fr. cambouis.] Soot that gathers over an oven's 
mouth ; also, the matter that works out of the naves or 
boxes of carriage wheels. 

COOMB, ) 7i. [qu. L. cumulus.] A dry measure of four 

CoMB, > bushels, or half a quarter. 

COOP, 7i. [D. kuip.] 1. A box of boards, grated or barred 
on one side, for keeping fowls in confinement 2. A pen ; 
an inclosed place for small annuals. 3. A barrel or cask 
for the preservation of liquors. 4. A tumbrel or close cart 
[The last three senses not American.] 

COOP, v. t. To put in a coop ; to confine in a coop ; to 
shut up or confine in a narrow compass. — Syn. To crowd ; 
confine ; imprison. 

COOPiD (koopt), pp. Shut up in a coop ; confined to nar- 
row limits. 

COO-PEE', 7i. A motion in dancing. 

COOP'ER, 7i. One whose occupation is to make barrels, 
hogsheads, butts, tubs, and casks of various kinds. 

COOP'ER, v. t. To do the work of a cooper ; to mend or 
put in order, as a cooper does casks. 

€OOP'ER-A6E, n. 1. The price paid for cooper's work. 2. 
A place where cooper's work is done. — Jameson. 3. The 
work or business of a cooper. — Perry. — Ash. 

CO-OP'ER-ANT, a. Working together ; laboring to the same 
end — Bishop Nicholson. 

CO-OP'ER-iTE, v. i. [L. C07i and opero ; Fr. coopercr.] 1 
To act or operate jointly with another or others to the 
same end ; to work or labor with mutual efforts to pro- 
mote the same object; as, the two armies co-operated dur- 
ing the whole campaign. 2. To act together; to concur 
in producing the same efl'ect; as, many causes co-operated 
to produce the result. 

CO-OP'ER-A-TING, ppr. Acting or operating togr*her. 

CO-OP-EPv.-A'TION, 7i. The act of working, or perating 
together, to one end; joint operation; concv-«-<mt effort 
or labor. 

CO-OP'ER-A-TIVE, a. Operating jointly to the same end. 

CO-OP'ER-I-TOR, 7i. One who endeavors jointly with oth- 
ers to promote the same end. 

COOP'ER-ING, ppr. Making barrels, &c, or putting them 
in order. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in ti is. ^Obsolete 



COP 



228 



COP 



COOP'ER-ING, n. The occupation of a cooper. 

COO'PiE. See Coupee. 

fCO-OPTITE, v. t. [L.coopto.] To choose, or chose with 
another. 

CO-OP-TXTION, n. Adoption ; assumption.— Howell. 

CO-OR'DI-NANCE, n. Joint ordinance. 

CO-OR'DI-N ATE, a. [L. con and ordinatus.) Being of equal 
order, or of the same rank or degree ; not subordinate ; 
as, two courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction. 

CO-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In the same order or rank ; in 
equal degree ; without subordination. 

CO-OR'DI-NATE-NESS, n. The state of being co-ordinate ; 
equality of rank and authority. 

CO-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. The state of holding equal rank, 
or of standing in the same relation to something higher or 
lower. 

€OOT, n. [D. koet.] A water fowl of the genus fulica, fre- 
quenting lakes and other still waters. 

•GOP, n. [Sax. cop or copp.] 1. The head or top of a thing, 
as in cob-castle for cop-castle, a castle on a hill ; a tuft on 
the head of birds. — Chaucer. 2. The conical ball of thread 
which is formed on the spindle of a wheel or spinning- 
frame. 

■GO-PaI'BA, \n. [Sp., Port.] Balsam of copaiba, or capivi, 

CO-Pa.I'VA, 5 is a liquid, resinous juice, flowing from in- 
cisions made in the stem of a tree called copaifera offici- 
nalis. 

Co'PAL, n. [Mexican, copalli.] The concrete juice of a tree 
growing in South America and the East Indies, forming 
with alcohol a transparent and beautiful varnish. 

CO-PXR'CE-NA-RY, n. Partnership in inheritance ; joint 
heirship ; joint right of succession, or joint succession to 
an estate of inheritance. 

CO-PAR'CE-NER, n. [con and parcener.] A coheir ; one 
who has an equal portion »f the inheritance of his or her 
ancestor with others. 

€0-PaR'CE-NY, n. An equal share of an inheritance. 

tCO-PARTMENT, n. The same as compartment. 

CO-PaRT'NER, n. [con and partner.] 1. One who has a 
share in a common stock for transacting business, or who 
is jointly concerned with one or more persons in carrying 
on trade or other business ; a partner ; an associate, par- 
ticularly in trade or manufactures. 2. A sharer ; a par- 
taker. 

CO-PARTNER-SHIP, n. 1. Joint concern in business ; a 
state of having a joint share in a common stock, or a joint 
interest and concern in business, particularly in trade and 
manufactures. 2. The persons who have a joint concern. 

CO-PaRTNER-Y, n. The state of being copartners in any 
undertaking ; not confined, like copartnership, to trade or 
business. — King. 

f €o'PA-TAIN, n. High raised ; pointed.— Shalt. 

€0-Pa'TRI-OT or CO-PAT'RI-OT, n. A joint patriot.— G. 
Morris. 

€0-PIY'VA. See Copaiba. 

CoPE, n. [W. cob ; Sax. cappe.] 1. A cover for the head. 
2. A sacerdotal cloak, worn in sacred ministrations. 3. 
Any thing spread or extended over the head ; the arch or 
concave of the sky ; the roof or covering of a house ; the 
arch over a door, &.c. 4. An ancient tribute due to the 
king or lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in some part 
of Derbyshire. 5. A meeting or encounter. — Rich. Diet. ; 
[obs.] 

CoPE, v. t. 1. To cover, as with a cope. — Addison. 2. To 
pare the beak or talons of a hawk. — Bailey. 3. To meet 
or encounter ; as, " I like to cope him in these sullen fits." 
—Shak. ; [obs.] 

CoPE, v. i. [Dan. kiv.] 1. To strive or contend on equal 
terms, or with equal strength ; to equal in combat ; to 
match; to oppose with success. — Addison. 2. To con- 
tend ; to strive or struggle ; to combat. 3. To encounter ; 
to interchange kindness or sentiments. 4. To make re- 
turn ; to reward ; [obs.] 5. To exchange or barter. — 
Bailey ; [obs.] 

C5TECK. See Kopeck. 

CoPED (kopt), pp. or a. Covered with a cope. 

t CoPE'MAN, n. A chapman.— Shak. 

CO-PERT^I-CAN, a. Pertaining to Copernicus. 

t CoPES'MaTE, n. A companion or friend. 

CoPE'STONE. n. Head or'top stone.— Scott. 

COPIED (kop'id). pp. Taken off; written or transcribed 
from an original or form; imitated. 

CO-PHo'SIS, n. [Gr.] Deafness. 

COP'I-ER, > n. One who copies ; one who writes or tran- 

COP'Y-IST, 5 scribes from an original or form; a tran- 
scriber ; an imitator ; also, a plagiary. 

CoP'ING, ppr. Striving; contending. 

CoP'ING, n. The top" or cover of a wall, usually made 
sloping to carry off the water. 

Go'PI-OUS, a. [Fr. copieux; L. copiosus.] 1. In great quan- 
tities ; furnishing full supplies ; as, a copious shower. 2. 
Furnishing abundant matter ; not barren ; rich in sup- 
plies ; as, copious materials for history. — Syn. Ample ; 



abundant ; plentiful ; plenteous ; rich ; full ; exuberant ; 
overflowing. 

Co'PI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Abundantly; plentifully; in larga 
quantities. 2. Largely ; fully ; amply ; diffusely. 

COTI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Great quantity ; full supply. 2. 
Diffusiveness of style or manner of treating a subject. — 
Syn. Abundance ; plenty ; richness ; exuberance ; diffu- 
sion ; amplitude. 

COP'IST, n. A copier; [an ill-formed word.] 

COP'LAND, n. A piece of ground terminating in a cop, or 
acute angle. [Not used in America.] 

t CO-PLANT', v. t. To plant together.— Hotccl. 

t CO-P5RTION, re. Equal share.— Spenser. 

COP'P-ED (kopt), J t,. . . . . , -, 

COP'PLED \ ' K - lsm S to a P om t or head. 

COP'PEL. ' See Cupel. 

COPTER, n. [D. koper ; G. kupfer ; Sw. koppar.] A metal, 
of a pale-red color, tinged with yellow. Next to gold, sil- 
ver, and platinum, it is the most ductile and malleable of 
the metals, and it is more elastic than any metal except 
steel, and the most sonorous of all the metals. 

COPTER, a. Consisting of copper. — Cleaveland. 

COPTER, n. 1. A vessel made of copper, particularly a 
large boiler. 2. Formerly, a small copper coin. — Franklin. 

COPTER, v. t. To cover or sheath with sheets of copper. 

COP'PER-BEL'LY, n. An American serpent of the genus 
coluber. 

COPTER-BOTTOMED, a. Having abottom sheathed with 
copper. 

COPTER-FaSTENED (-fas'snd), a. Fastened with copper 
bolts. 

COP'PER-HeAD (-hed), n. [from its color.] A poisonous 
American serpent, belonging: to the genus trigonocephaly 

COPTER-N5SE, n. A red iiose.—Shak. 

COP'PER-PLaTE, n. 1. A plate of polished copper, on 
which concave lines are engraved or corroded, according 
to some delineated figure or design. 2. A print or im- 
pression on paper, &c, from a copper-plate. 

COPTER-SMITH, n. One whose occupation is to manu 
facture copper utensils. 

COPTER-W6RK (-wurk), n. A place where copper is 
wrought or manufactured. — Woodward. 

COPTER-WORM (-wurm), n. A little worm in ships ; a 
worm that frets garments ; a worm that breeds in one's 
hand. 

COP'PER-AS, n. [Fr. couperosc.] Sulphate of iron, or green 
vitriol ; a salt of a peculiar astringent taste, and of various 
colors, green, gray, yellowish, or whitish, but more usu 
ally green. 

COPTER ED, pp. or a. Covered with sheets of copper 
sheathed. 

COP'PER-ISH, a. Containing copper ; like copper, or par 
taking of it. 

COPTER- Y, a. Mixed with copper ; containing copper, or 
made of copper ; like copper in taste or smell. 

COPTING. See Coping. 

COP'PlCE, ? n. [Norm, coupiz.] A wood of small growth, 

COPSE, ) or consisting of underwood or brushwood; 
a wood cut at certain times for fuel or other purposes, 

COP'PLE-CROWN, n. A tuft of feathers on the head of a 
fowl. — Holloway. 

COP'PLED, a. Rising to a point ; conical. 

COP'PLE-DUST, n. Powder used in purifying metal3 , 
properly, cupel dust. 

COP'PLE-SToNES, n. pi. Lumps and fragments of stone 
broke from the adjacent cliffs, rounded by being bowled 
and tumbled to and again by the action of water. John- 
son. — In New England we pronounce this word cobble, 
cobble-stones, and apply it to small, round stones, from the 
size of an inch or two to five or six inches or more in di- 
ameter, wherever they may be found. 

COP'RO-LlTE, n. [Gr. Konpos, and \idos.] Petrified dung 
of carnivorous reptiles. — Backland. 

COP-RO-LITIC, a. Containing or resembling coprolite. 

CO-PROPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on excrements. 

COPSE, n. A wood of small growth. See Coppice. 

COPSE, v. t. To preserve underwood. — Swift. 

COP'SY, a. Having copses. — Dyer. 

COPTIC, a. Pertaining to the descendants of the ancient 
Egyptians, called Copts or Cophti. 

COPTIC, n. The language of the Copts. 

€OP'U-LA, n. [L.] In logic, the word which unites the 
subiect and predicate of a proposition. 

COPTJ-LATE, a. Joined. [Little used.] 

€OP'{J-LaTE, v. t. [L. copulo.] To unite ; to join in pairs , 
[little used.] 

COP'U-LITE, v. i. To unite in sexual embrace. 

COP'U-La-TED, pp. Joined in pairs. 

COP'U-La-TING, ppr. Uniting in pairs ; embracing. 

COP-U-La'TION, n. [L. copulatio.] The act of coupling ; 
the embrace of the sexes in the act of generation ; co- 
ition. 

COPTJ-LA-TlVE, a. That unites or couples.— In grammar, 



JStv S'jnopsis. I, E, I, &.c, long.— I, g, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE BOOK, 



COR 



229 



COR 



the copulative conjunction connects two or more subjects 
or predicates. 

SOP'U-LA-TIVE, n. 1. A copulative conjunction. 2. Con- 
nection ; [not in use.] 

EOP'Y, n. [Fr. copie ; Arm. copy.] 1. A transcript from an 
archetype or original ; as, the copy of a deed. Hence, 2. 
Any single book or set of books ; as, a copy of Johnson's 
works. 3. The imitation or likeness of any thing ; as, the 
copy of a picture. 4. An original work ; the autograph ; 
the archetype ; that which is to be imitated in writing or 
printing ; a pattern or example for imitation ; as, the copy 
is in the printer's hands. 5. [L. copia.] Abundance; [obs.] 

COPT, v. t. 1. To write, print, or engrave, according to an 
original ; to form a like work or composition by writing, 
printing, or engraving ; to transcribe. 2. To paint or draw 
according to an original. 3. To form according to a mod- 
el, as in architecture. 4. To imitate or attempt to resem- 
ble ; to follow an original or pattern in manners or life. 

COPY, v. i. To imitate or endeavor to be like ; to do any 
thing in imitation of something else : followed by from or 
after. 

GOP'Y-BOOK, n. A book in which copies are written or 
printed for learners to imitate. 

BOP'Y-ING PRESS, n. A machine for taking an exact copy 
of any manuscript recently written. 

EOP'Y ED (kop'id), pp. Transcribed; imitated; usually writ- 
ten copied, but copyed is preferable. 

GOP'Y-ER, n. One who copies or transcribes ; usually writ- 
ten copier, but copyer is most regular. 

COP'Y-HoLD, n. In England, a tenure of estate by copy 
of court i oil; or a tenure for which the tenant hath noth- 
ing to show, except the rolls made by the steward of the 
lord's court. — Blackstone. 

COP'Y-HoLD-ER, n. One who is possessed of land in 
copyhold. 

COP'Y-ING, ppr. Transcribing. 

€OP'Y-IS_T, n. A copyer ; a transcriber ; an imitator. 

€OPY-RiGHT (-rite), n. The exclusive right of an author 
or his assignee to print, publish, and vend a literary work. 

CO-QUAL'LIN, n. A small quadruped of the squirrel kind, 
but incapable of climbing trees. 

CoQUE'LI-COT 1 (kokele-ko), n, [Fr.] Wild poppy ; hence, 

CoQUE'LI-CO ) the color of wild poppy, a brilliant red, 
or mixture of scarlet and orange. 

€0-QUET (ko-kef), v. t. To attempt to attract notice, ad- 
miration, or love from vanity ; to treat with an appear- 
ance of tenderness or regard, with a design to deceive and 
disappoint. 

800.UET (ko-kef), v. i. To trifle in love ; to treat a per- 
son with an appearance of favor, but with a design to de- 
ceive and disappoint. 

30-QUET'RY (ko-kefry), n. [Fr. coqaetterie.] Attempts 
to attract admiration, notice, or love from vanity ; affecta- 
tion of amorous advances ; trifling in love. 

t!0-QUETTE' (ko-kef), n. [Fr.] A vain, airy, trifling girl, 
who endeavors to attract admiration and advances in love, 
from a desire to gratify vanity, and then rejects her lover ; 
a jilt. 

CO-QUET'TED, pret. and pp. of Coquet. 

€0 aUETTING, ppr- Trifling in love. See Coquet. 

COQUETTISH (ko-kefish), a. Practicing coquetry. 

CO-QUET'TISH-LY (ko-kefish-ly), adv. In a coquettish 
manner. 

f COR, n. The measure of a pottle. 

€OR'A-€LE, n. [W. cwrwgle.] A boat used in Wales by 
fishermen, made by covering a wicker frame with leath- 
er or oil-cloth. It was used also by the ancient Egyptians. 

GOR'A-COID, n. A small, sharp process of the scapula, 
shaped like a crow's beak. The name has been extended 
to a bone in birds, &c, near the shoulder-joint. 

COR'A-COID, a. Shaped like a crow's beak.— Buckland. 

COR'AL, 72. [L. corallium.] 1 In zoology, a substance com- 
posed of carbonate of lime, having sometimes the form of 
trees or shrubs, and sometimes assuming a round form, 
as in the brain-stone. Corals are the solid secretions of 
zoophytes, produced within the tissues of polyps, and cor- 
responding to the skeleton in the higher animals. The 
surface is usually covered with radiated cells, each of 
which marks the position of one of the polyps ; and when 
alive, these polyps appear like flowers over every part of 
the zoophyte. — Dana. 2. A piece of coral us^d by chil- 
dren as a plaything. 

SOR'AL, a. Made of coral ; resembling coral. 

£OR'AL~PiAG, it,. In geology, a coralliferous deposit, form- 
ing a member of the middle division of oolite. 

COR'AL-TREE, n. A genus of plants, erythrina, of several 
species, natives of Africa and America. They are all 
shrubby, flowering plants, adorned chiefly with bifoliate 
or three-lobed leaves, and scarlet spikes of papilionaceous 
flowers. 

€OR'AL-W6RT, n. A genus of plants, dentaria ; tooth-wort. 

€OR-AL Li'CEOUS, a. Like coral, or partaking of its qual- 
ities. 



€OR-AL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. Containing coral 

CORAL-LI-FORM, a. Resembling coral ; forked and croo* 
ed. — Kirwan. 

€OR-AL-LIg'EN-OUS, a. Producing coral. 

CORAL-LlNE, a. Consisting of coral; like coral; contain- 
ing coral. 

CORAL-LINE, n. A submarine, semi-calcareous, or calca- 
reous plant, consisting of many jointed branches, and often 
resembling moss. The term has also been applied to cer- 
tain minutecorals growing in moss-like forms. — Dana. 

COR'AL-LIN-lTE, n. A fossil polypier or coralline. 

COR'AL-LlTE, n. A mineral substance or petrifaction, in 
the form of coral ; or a fossil polypier, larger than a cor- 
allinite. — Kirwan. 

COR'AL-LOID, la. [coral, and ttSos.] Having the form 

€OR-AL-LOID'AL, J of coral ; branching like coral. 

COR'AL-LOID, n. A term formerly applied to a species of 
minute corals, called escara, and sometimes to the gor 



€o'RAM JU'DI-CE. [L.] Before the judge. 

€o'RAM NOJY JU'DI-CE. [L.] Before one not a judge , 
before one who has not jurisdiction. 

CO-RANT, n. [Fr. courant.] A lofty, sprightly dance.— 
Temple. 

CORB, n. [L. corbis.] 1. A basket used in collieries. 2. An 
ornament in a building. 

CORB' AN, n. [Heb. ; L. corbis.] 1. In Hebrew antiquity, an 
ofl'ering, sacrifice, or oblation presented to God. — Gese- 
nius. 2. An alms-basket ; a vessel to receive gifts of chari- 
ty , a gift ; an alms ; a treasury of the church, where of- 
ferings are deposited. — 3. Among Mohammedans, a cere- 
mony performed at the foot of Mount Arafat in Arabia, 
near Mecca. It consists in killing a number of sheep, and 
distributing them among the poor. 

t CORBE, a. [Fr. courbe.] Crooked.— Spenser. 

CORB'EIL (kor'bel), n. [Fr. corbeille.] 1. In fortification, a 
little basket, to be filled with earth, and set upon a para 
pet, to shelter men from the fire of besiegers. 

CORB'EL, n. 1. In architecture, the representation of a 
basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides. 2. The 
vase or tambour of the Corinthian column ; so called from 
its resemblance to a basket. 

CORB'EL, n. 1. A short piece of timber, iron, &c, in a 
wall, jutting six or eight inches, in the manner of a shoul- 
der-piece. 2. A niche or hollow left in walls for images. 
figures, or statues. 

t CORBY, n. A raven. 

COR'CULE, In. [L. corculum.] In botany, the heart of the 

€OR'€L.E, 5 seed, or rudiment of a future plant. 

CORD, n. [W. cord ; Fr. corde.] 1. A siring, or small rope 
composed of several strands twisted together. 2. A quan 
tity of wood, or other material, originally measured with 
a cord or line. The cord is a pile containing 12S cubic 
feet ; or a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet 
broad. — 3. In Scripture, the cords of the wicked are the 
snares with which they catch the unwary. 

CORD, v. t. 1. To bind with a cord or rope ; to fasten with 
cords. 2. To pile wood or other material for measure 
ment and sale by the cord. 

CORD'-MIK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
ropes ; but, in America, called rope-maker. 

CORD-WOOD, n. Wood cut and piled for sale by the 
cord, in distinction from long wood ; properly, wood cut 
to the length of four feet. 

CORD' AGE, n. [Sp. cordage ; Fr. id.) A term applied to all 
sorts of cords or ropes used in the running rigging of a ship. 

CORDATE, la. [L. cordatus.] Having the form of a 

CORD'I-TED, > heart ; heart-shaped ; a term used by 
naturalists. 

€ORD'ATE-LY, adv. In a cordate form. 

CORD'ED, pp. or a. 1. Bound or fastened with cords. 
2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord. 3. Made 
of cords ; furnished with cords. 4. Striped or furrowed, 
as by cords.— 5. In heraldry, a cross corded is one wound 
with cords, or made of two pieces of wood. 

COR-DE-LIeR' (kor-de-leeri), n. [Fr.] A Franciscan friar; 
one of the order founded by St. Francis ; a gray friar 
They were so named from the knotted cord worn by 
them as a gfirdle. 

GOR'DEL-ING, a. Twisting. 

* €ORD'I-AL, a. [Fr.] 1. Proceeding from the heart ; not 
hypocritical ; as, a cordial welcome. 2. Reviving the 
spirits ; giving strength or spirits ; as, " with looks of cor 
dial love." Milton. — Syn. Hearty; heart-felt; sincere 
warm ; affectionate ; cheering ; invigorating. 

* €ORD'I-AL, n. 1. A medicine which increases strength, 

raises the spirits, and gives life and cheerfulness to a per- 
son when weak and depressed. 2. Aromatized and sweet- 
ened spirit, used as a beverage. 3. Any thing that com- 
forts, gladdens, and exhilarates ; as, hope is a cordial to 
the heart. 
CORD'I-AL-HEXRT-ED (-hart-ed), a. Having cordial affec- 
tion. — Moore. 



D6VE ;— BULL UNITE ;— AN'GER, WCIOUS.— C as K.- 6 a« J : S as Z ; CH as SH TH as in this, t Obsolete 



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230 



COR 



c?ORD-I-AL'l-TY, n. 1. Relation to the heart.— Brown ; 
[not used.] 2. Sincerity; freedom from hypocrisy; sin- 
cere affection and kindness. 

CORD'1-AL-lZE, v. t. To render cordial. — Ec. Rev. 

GORD'1-AL-lZ.ED, pp. Rendered cordial 

eORD'I-AL-iZ-ING, ppr. Making cordial. 

* €ORD'I-AL-L Y, adv. Heartily ; sincerely ; without hypoc- 

risy ; with real affection. 

* CORD'I-AL-NESS, n. Cordiality ; hearty good will. 
eORD'IE-RlTE, n. The mineral called otherwise iolite and 

dichroite. 

€ORD'l-FORM, a. Heart-shaped ; having the form of the 
human heart. 

t €ORD'I-NER. See Cordwainer. 

€ORD'ING, ppr. Binding with cords ; piling for measure- 
ment. 

<SORT)ON, n. [Fr., Sp. cordon.] 1. In fortification, a row of 
6tones jutting before the rampart, and the basis of the 
parapet. — 2. In military language, a line or series of mili- 
tary posts. Cordon sanitaire, a line of troops or military 
posts, on the borders of a district of country infected with 
disease, to cut off communication, and thus prevent the 
disease from spreading. 

€OR'DO-VAN, n. Spanish leather. 

COR-DU-ROY', n. A thick cotton stuff, corded or ribbed. 

€!ORD'WaIN, n. [Sp. cordoban ; Port, cordovam ; Fr. cor- 
douan ; from Cordova.] Spanish leather ; goat-skin tanned 
and dressed. 

€ORDWaIN-ER, n. [from cordwain.] A shoemaker. This 
word was formerly written cordiner. 

CORE, n. [Fr. cceur; Norm, core.] 1. The heart or inner 
part of a thing; particularly, the central part of fruit, con- 
taining the kernels or seeds. It was formerly applied to 
place ; as, in the core of a square. — Raleigh. 2. The inner 
part of an idcer or boil. — Dryden. 3. In architecture, the 
interior part of any thing, as of a column. — Gwilt. 4. [Fr. 
corps.] A body ; [not used.] 5. A disorder of sheep, occa- 
sioned by worms in the liver. 

€5R£D (kord), a. In the herring fishery, rolled in salt and 
prepared for drying. — Ash. 

CO-Re'6ENT, n. A joint regent or ruler. — Wraxall. 

€0-RE-La'TION, ti. Corresponding relation.— Kidd. 

CO-REL'A-TlVE. See Correlative. 

CORF, n. A basket for carrying coals and other minerals 
in mines. 

CO-RI-a'CEOUS (ko-re-a'shus), a. [L. coriaceous.] 1. Con- 
sisting of leather, or resembling leather ; tough. — 45. In 
botany, stiff, like leather or parchment. 

CO-RI-AN'DER, n. [L. coriandrum.] A plant whose seeds 
are highly aromatic, and are used in cooking, and also as 
a carminative. 

CO-RIN'DON. See Corundum. 

COR'INTH, n. 1. A city of Greece. Hence, 2. A small 
fruit, now called currant, which see. — Philips. 

CO-RINTH'I-AC, a. Pertaining to Corinth.— UAnville. 

CO-RINTH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Corinth.— The Corinthian 
order, in architecture, is the most delicate of all the orders, 
and enriched with a profusion of ornaments. 

€0-RINTH'I-AN, n. An inhabitant of Corinth. 

CO-Rl'VAL, n. [con and rival ; written improperly corrival.] 
A rival, or fellow rival ; a competitor. — Shak. 

CO-Rl'VAL, v. t. To rival ; to pretend to equal.— Shak. 

lai™HIP> Joint rivalry. 

CORK, n. [D. kurk; G. kork.] 1. A glandiferous tree, a 
species of quercus or oak, growing in Spain and Portugal, 
having a thick, rough, fungous, cleft bark. The tree is 
evergreen, and often grows to a great height. 2. The out- 
er bark of the tree, or epidermis, of which stopples fci 
bottles and casks are made. 3. A stopple for a botLe oe 
cask, cut out of cork. 

CORK, v. t. To stop bottles or casks with corks ; tt confine 
or make fast with a cork. See, also. Calk. 

CORK'-SCREW, n. A screw to draw corks from bottles. 

CORKED (korkt), pp. Stopped with s. cork. 

CORKING, ppr. Stopping with corks. 

€ORK'ING-PIN, ti. A pin of a large size.— Swift. 

CORKY, a. Consisting of cork ; resembling cork ; dry and 
toush, like cork ; as, " bind fast his corky arms." — Shak. 

COR'MO-RANT, n. [Fr. cormoran.] 1. A genus of sea birds, 
phalacrocorax, often called the sea-raven, and distinguished 
for their voracity. 2. A glutton. 

COR'MUS, to. [Gr. Kopuos. ) 1. In botany, the name of a stalk 
of any plant.— D. C. Willdenow. 2. The dilated base of 
the stems of monocotyledonous plants, between the roots 
and the first buds, forming the reproductive portion of 
euch plants, when they are not caulescent. — Lindley. 

CORN, ti. [Sax. corn.] 1. A single seed of certain plants, 
as wheat, rye, barley, and maize ; a grain. In this sense, 
it has a plural ; as, three barley corns make an inch. 2. 
The seeds of certain plants in general, in bulk or quantity ; 
as, corn is dear or scarce. In this sense, the word com- 
prehends all the kinds of grain which constitute the food 



of men and horses. — In Great Britain, corn is generally 
applied to wheat, rye, oats, and barley. — In the United 
States, it has the same general sense, but, by custom, it is 
appropriated to maize. In this sense, cor7i has no plural. 
3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in the 
field ; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears, and seeds, 
after reaping and before thrashing. — 4. In surgery, a hard 
excrescence, or induration of the skin, on the toes or some 
part of the feet, occasioned by the pressure of the shoes , 
so called from its hardness and resemblance to a corn. 
5. A small, hard particle. See Grain. 

CORN, v. t. 1. To preserve and season with salt in grains ; 
to sprinkle with salt. 2. To granulate ; to form into small 
grains. 

CORN-BaSK-ET, ti. A large basket for maize. 

CORN'-BL IDE, ti. The leaf of the maize. 

CORN'-BReAD (-bred), n. A kind of bread cake made ot 
the meal of Indian corn. 

CORN'-CHAND-LER, ti. A dealer in corn. 

CORN'-CLAD, a. Covered with growing corn. — Barlow. 

CORN'-CRaKE, n. The crake, or land-rail ; the corn-crow. 

CORN'-CUT-TER, n. One who cuts corns or indurations 
of the skin. 

CORN'-FLAG, 7i. A genus of plants, the gladiolus, of sev- 
eral species, bearing red or white flowers. 

CORN'-FLoOR, n. A. floor for corn, or for thrashing corn. 

CORN'-FLOW-ER, ti. A flower or plant growing among 
corn, as the blue-bottle, wild poppy. &c. 

CORN'-HeAP, ti. A heap of corn.— Hall. 

CORN'-LAND, ti. Land appropriated or suitable to the 
production of corn or grain. 

CORN'-LAWS, 7i. pi. In Great Britain, laws prohibiting the 
importation of foreign corn or grain for home consump- 
tion, except when the price rises beyond a certain rate. 
[Repealed in 1846.]— M'Culloch. 

CORN'-LOFT, n. An apartment for corn ; a granary. 

CORN'-MARY-GoLD, ti. A genus of plants, the chrysan- 
themum. 

t CORN'-MaS-TER, ti. One who cultivates corn for sale. 

CORN'-MILL, ti. A mill for grinding corn, more generally 
called a grist-mill. 

CORN'-PaRS-LEY, ti. A genus of plants, the si'soti. 

CORN'-PiPE, 7t. A pipe made by slitting the joint of a 
green stalk of corn. — Johnson. 

€ORN'-RO€K-ET, ti. A genus of plants, the bunias. 

CORN'-RoSE, 7i. A species of poppy, or papaver. 

CORN'-SAL-AD, n. A plant, a species of Valeriana. 

CORN'-SN IKE, ti. A serpent of the Southern States, of the 
genus coluber. 

CORN'-Vl-O-LET, ti. A species of campanula. 

CORN'-WIIN, 7i. A wagon that carries corn. — Bp. Horslef 

€GR.N'A6E, ti. An ancient tenure of lands, which obliged 
the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing * 
horn. 

CORN'BlND, n. Climbing buckwheat.— Grose. [Local.] 

CORN'BRASH, ti. A coarse, shelly limestone, forming ir 
Wiltshire, England, a good soil for corn. — Mantell. 

€ORN'E-A, ti. [from L. cornu.] The strong, horny, trans 
parent membrane in the fore-part of the eye, through 
which the rays of light pass. 

CORKED, pp. or a. 1. Sprinkled with salt ; cured by salt- 
ing ; as, corned beef 2. Drunk. — Grose ; [low.] 

COR'NEL, )ti. [L. cor7ius.] The cornelian 

CORBEL-TREE. \ cherry, or dog-wood a tree yield- 

€OR-NEL'LiN-TivEE, ) ing small edible fruit resembling 
cherries. 

COL.-NeL'IAN. See Carnelian. 

CORN'A-MTJTE \ n ' [^ r - cornemuse -] A bagpipe. — Drayton. 

CORN'E-OUS, a. [L. corneus.] Horny ; like horn ; consist- 
ing of a horny substance, or substance resembling horn ; 
hard. 

CORNER, n. [W. cornel] 1. The point where two con- 
verging lines meet ; properly, the external point ; an angle. 

2. The interior point where two lines meet ; an angle. 

3. The space between two converging lines or walls which 
meet in a point. 4. An inclosed place, a secret or retired 
place ; as, " this thing was not done in a corner." 5. In- 
definitely, any part ; a part ; as, " all corners of the earth." 
— S}iak. 6. The end, extremity, or limit ; as, " the corners 
of the beard." 

COR'NER-CAP, ti. The chief embellishment or ornament 

— Shakspeare. 
COR'NER-SToNE, 7i. The stone which lies at the corner 

of two walls, ar>^ unites them ; the principal stone, and 

especially the stone which forms the corner of the fsun 

dation of an edifice. 
COR'NER-TEETH, ti. pi. The four teeth of a horse, be- 

tween the middle teeth and the tushes. 
COR'NER-WlSE, adv. Diagonally; with the corner in 

front ; not parallel. 
COR'NER_ED (korn'erd), a. Having corners ; having three 

or more angles. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



COR 



231 



COR 



fJORN'ET, n. [Fr. cornet, cornette.] 1. An instrument of 
music, of the nature of a trumpet, sounded by blowing 
with the mouth. — 2. In modern usage, a commissioned 
officer of cavalry, next below a lieutenant, who bears the 
ensign or colors of a troop. 3. A company of cavalry ; a 
troop of horse; [not used.] — i. The cornet of a horse (cor- 
onet) is the second of the consolidated phalanges of the 
hoof. 5. A little cap of paper in which retailers inclose 
small wares. 6. A scarf anciently worn by doctors. 7. A 
head-dress. 

€ORN'ET-A-PISTONS. [Fr.] A brass wind musical in- 
strument, like the French horn, but capable of much 
greater inflection, from the valves and pistons with which 
it is furnished. — Brande. 

€ORN'ET-CY, n. The commission or rank of a cornet. 

€ORN'ET-ER, n. One who blows a cornet.— Hakewill. 

CORN'FiELD, n. A field where corn is growing. 

CORNICE, n. [It.] 1. In architecture, the upper grand di- 
vision of the entablature of a column, or the highest pro- 
jecture ; that which crowns an order. 2. A little prefect- 
ure in joinery or masonry. — Cornice-ring of a cannon, is 
the ring next from the muzzle-ring backward. 

CORN'I CLE, n. [L. corniculum.] A little horn. 

COR-NIC'U-LATE, a. 1. Horned; having horns.— 2. In 
botamj, producing horned pods ; bearing a little spur or 
horn. 

€OR-NIFl€, a. Producing horns. 

€ORN'I-FORM, a. Having the shape of a horn. 

€OR-NI6'ER-OUS, a. [L. corniger.] Horned; having horns. 

CORNING, ppr. Sprinkling with salt. 

CORNTNG-HOUSE, n. A house or place where powder is 
granulated. 

€ORN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Cornwall, in England ; and, as 
a noun, the language of Cornwall. 

CORN'IST, n. A performer on the cornet or horn. 

CORN'LESS, a. Destitute of corn. 

•CORN'Mk-TER, n. One who measures corn. 

CORN'STALK (-stawk), n. A stalk of corn, particularly a 
stalk of the maize. — America. 

€OR'NU-AM-M6'NIS, n. [L.] A fossil shell like a ram's 
horn ; anammonite. 

€OR-NU-€o'PI-A, n. ; pi. Cornucopia. [L. cornu and copia.] 

1. The horn of plenty, an emblem of abundance of fruits. 
— 2. In architecture and sculpture, the figure of a hom.from 
which fruits and flowers are represented as proceeding. 

COR-NuTE', v. t. [L.cornutus.] To bestow homs ; to cuck- 
old. 

€OR-NuTED, pp. or a. 1. Grafted with horns ; horned ; 
cuckolded. — 2. In botany, horn-shaped. 

€OR-Nu'TO, ft. [It.l A man that wears the horns ; a cuck- 
old. 

€OR-Nu'TOR, ft. A cuckold-maker.— Jordan. 

€ORN'Y, a. [L. cornu.] Horny ; strong, stiff, or hard like 
horn : resembling horn. 

€ORN'Y, a. Producing corn ; containing corn. 

COR'O-Dy, in. [It. corredo.] An allowance of meat, drink, 

€OR/RO-Dy, ) or clothing due to the king from an abbey 
or other religious house. 

COR'OL, In. [L. corolla.] In botany, the inner covering 

CO-ROL'LA, 5 of a flower. 

€OR-OL-La'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to a corol; inclosing 
and protecting like a wreath. 

* COROL-LA-RY, ft. [L.corollarium.] 1. An inference from 
a preceding proposition. 2. A surplus ; [because the word 
originally denoted a gratuity to a person beyond his due.] 
— Shak. 

COR'OL-LITE, } T ., ,, , . „ 

COR'OL-La-TED \ a ' a coroua ! having corollas. 

€OR'OL-LET, in. One of the partial flowers which make 

€OR'OL-LULE, > a compound one ; the floret in an aggre- 
gate flower. 

CO-RoTSTA, ft. [L.] 1. In architecture, a large, flat member 
of a cornice, usually of considerable projection, to carry 
oft" the rain that falls on it, called by workmen the drip. — 

2. In anatomy, the upper surface of the molar teeth, or 
grinders. — 3. In botany, the circumference or margin of a 
radiated compound flower. An appendage of the corol 
or petals of a flower, proceeding from the base of the 
limb. Lindley. — 4. In optics, a halo or luminous circle 
around the sun, moon, or stars. 

COR'O-NAL, a. Belonging to the crown or top of the head. 

eOR'O-NAL, «. 1. A crown ; wreath : garland. 2. The 
first suture of the skull. 

GOR'O-NA-RY, a. Relating to a crown ; seated on the top 
of the head, or placed as a crown. — Coronary vessels and 
ligaments, in anatomy, those which spread round certain 
viscera, bones, &c. — Coronary arteries, two arteries which 
spring from the aorta. 

CJOR'O-Na-TED, a. In conchology, crowned, or girt toward 
the apex with a single row of eminences. 

BOR-O-Na'TION, ft. The act or solemnity of crowning a 
sovereign, and investing him with the insignia of royalty, 
on his succeeding to the sovereignty. 2. The pomp or 



assembly attending a coronation — Coronation-oath, Vhf, 
oath taken by a monarch at his coronation. 

tCOR'O-NEL (kur'nel), n. [Sp. coronel.] The officer who 
commands a regiment. — Spenser. 

COR/O-NER, ft. [law Lat. coronator.] In England, an offi- 
cer whose office is concerned principally with pleas of the 
crown. One chief part of his duty is, when a person dies, 
or is supposed to die a violent death, to inquire into the 
manner of his death. — In some of the states in America, 
there is a coroner, but his principal or only duty is to in 
quire into the causes of violent death. 

COR'O-NET, n. [from corona,.] 1. An inferior crown worn 
by noblemen. — 2. Inpoelical language, an ornamental head 
dress. — Coronet of a horse. See Cornet. 

COR'O-NET-ED, a. Wearing, or entitled to wear a cor 
onet. 

CO-RON1-FORM, a. Having the form of a crown. 

COR'O-NOID, a. [Gr. Kopwvn and eidos.] Noting the upper 
and anterior process of the end of the lower jaw, called 
the coronoid process. — Coze. 

COR'O-NULE, ft. A coronet or little crown of a seed ; the 
downy tuft on seeds. 

COR'PO-RAL, ft. [It. caporale ; Fr. caporal] 1. The low 
est officer of a company of infantry, next below a sergeant. 
— 2. The corporal of a ship of -war is an officer under the 
master-at-arms, employed to teach the sailors the use of 
small arms. 

COR'PO-RAL, a. [L. corporalis.] 1. Belonging or relating 
to the body ; as, corporal punishment. 2. Material ; not 
spiritual; as, corporal nutriments. — Shak. See Corpo- 
real. 

COR'PO-RAL, in. A fine linen cloth, used to cover the 

•COR-PO-Ra'LE, j sacred elements in the eucharist, or in 
which the sacrament is put. Foley. — Corporal oath, a sol- 
emn oath, so called from the ancient usage of touching 
the corporale, or cloth that covered the consecrated ele 
ments. — Paley. 

COR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The state of being a body or im 
bodied ; opposed to spirituality. — Raleigh. 

COR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Bodily ; in or with the body. 

COR'PO-RAL-SHIP, n. A corporal's office or command. 

€OR'PO-RAS, ft. The old name of the corporal, or com- 
munion cloth. 

CoRTO-RATE, a. [L. corporatus.] 1. United in a body, or 
community, as a number of individuals, who are empow- 
ered to transact business as an individual ; formed into a 
body. 2. United ; general ; collectively one ; as, " they 
answer in a corporate voice." — Shak. ; [rare.] 

t COR'PO-RaTE, v. t. To unite.— More. 

■GOR'PO-RATE-LY, adv. In a corporate capacity. 

COR'PO-RATE-NESS, ft. The state of a corporate body. 

€OR-PO-Ra'TION, ft. A body politic or corporate, formed 
and authorized by law to act as a single person ; a socie- 
ty having the capacity of transacting business as an indi- 
vidual. 

COR'PO-Ra-TOR, ft. The member of a corporation. 

t COR'PO-RA-TURE, ft. The state of being embodied. 
More. 

COR-Po'RE-AL, i a. Having a body ; consisting of a ma- 

€OR-Po'RE-OUS, 3 terial body ; material ; opposed to 
spiritual, or immaterial. 

■COR-Pd'RE-AL-IST, n. One who denies the existence of 
spiritual substances. 

COR-PO-RE-AL1-TY, ft. The state of being corporeal. 

€ORPo'RE-AL-LY, adv. In body ; in a bodily form or man- 
ner. 

€OR-PO-RE'I-TY, ft. The state of having a body, or of being 
embodied ; materiality. 

€OR-POR-I-FI-€a'TION, ft. The act of giving body or pal- 
pability. 

t€OR-POR'I-FY, v. t. To embody ; to form into a body. 

COR'PO-SANT, n. [Sp. cuerpo santo.] A name given by 
seamen to a luminous appearance often beheld, in dark, 
tempestuous nights, about the decks and rigging of a ship, 
but particularly at the mast-heads and yai-d-arms, suppos- 
ed to be electrical. 

CORPS (kore, pi. korz), ft., sing, and pi. [Fr., from L. cor- 
pus.] 1. In military language, a body of troops ; any di- 
vision of an army. 2. A body, in contempt, as used by 
Milton and Dryden, but probably pronounced in the Eng- 
lish manner, as corpse. 3. A carcass ; a dead body. — Shak. 
[See Corpse.] — i. In architecture, any part that projects 
beyond a wall, serving as the ground of some decoration. 

CORPSE (korps), n. [L. corpus.] The dead body of a hu- 
man being. — Syn. Body ; corse ; carcass ; remains. 

■CORPS DE GaRDE (kore'de-gard), n. [Fr.] See Court 
of Guard. 

€6RPS DIP-LO-MX-TiQJJE' (kore dip-lo-ma-teek'), n. [Fr^ 
The body of ministers or diplomatic characters. 

COR'PU-LENCE, in. [L. corpulentia.] 1. Fleshiness; e3.. 

COR'PU-LEN-C Y, ) cessive fatness ; a state of being load- 
ed with flesh. 2. Spissitude ; grossness of matter ; [litt U 
used.] 



06 VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VJ"CIOUS.— C as K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t t Obsolete. 



COR 



232 



COR 



GOR'PU-LENT, a. Having a great or excessive quantity of 
fat or flesh, in proportion to the frame of the body. — Syn. 
Fleshy; stout; robust; bulky; fat; lusty. 

GOR'PU-LENT-LY, adv. In a corpulent manner. 

■CORPUS -CHRIS TI. [Body of Christ.] A festival of the 
Church of Rome, kept on the next Thursday after Trinity 
Sunday, in honor of the eucharist. 

CORPUS JO'RIS -eA-NON'I-CI. [L.] The body or code 
of canon law. 

CORPUS JO'RIS CI-VTL1S. [L.] The body of civil law. 

€OR'PUS-CLE (kor'pus-sl), re. [L. corpusculum.] A minute 
particle, or physical atom. 

GOR-PUS'CU-LAR, a. Pertaining to corpuscles, or small 
particles, supposed to be the constituent materials of all 
large bodies. The corpuscular philosophy attempts to ac- 
count for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, 
rest, position, &c, of the minute particles of matter. — 
Encyc. 

COR-PUS-GU-LI'RI-AN, a. Corpuscular, as above. 

€OR-PUS-€U-La'RI-AN, re. An advocate for the corpuscu- 
lar philosophy. 

COR-PUS'CULE. See Corpuscle. 

COR'RA-CLE. See Coracle. 

IGOR-RaDE', v. t. To rub off; to scrape together. 

GOR-RaD'ED, pp. Rubbed off. 

GOR-RaD'ING, ppr. Rubbing off. 

GOR-Ra-DI-aTION, re. A conjunction of rays in one point. 
— Bacon. 

CORRECT, a. [L. correctus.] Literally, set right or made 
straight. Hence, conformable to truth, rectitude, or pro- 
priety, or conformable to a just standard ; not faulty ; free 
from error. — Syn. Right ; accurate ; precise ; exact ; reg- 
ular ; faultless. 

GOR-REGT, v. t. 1. To make right ; to bring to the stand- 
ard of truth, justice, or propriety ; as, to correct one's man- 
ners or habits. 2. To remove or retrench faults or errors ; 
to set right ; as, to correct a book for the press, to correct 
a wrong statement. 3. To bring back, or attempt to bring 
back, to propriety in morals ; to punish for faults or devi- 
ations from moral rectitude ; as, to correct a child for his 
faults. 4. To reduce or change the qualities of any thing 
by mixture, or other application ; to counteract whatever 
is injurious ; as, to correct disordered secretions. — Syn. To 
rectify ; amend ; emend ; reform ; improve ; chastise ; 
punish ; discipline ; chasten. 

GOR-REGTED, pp. or a. Set right ; freed from errors ; 
amended ; punished. 

GOR-REGTTNG, ppr. Bringing to the standard of truth, 
justice, or propriety ; amending ; chastising. 

GOR-RECTION, re. [L. correction 1. The act of correcting ; 
the act of bringing back, from error or deviation, to a just 
standard, as to truth, rectitude, justice, or propriety. 2. 
Retrenchment or emendation of faults or errors ; amend- 
ment. 3. That which is substituted in the place of what 
is wrong. 4. That which is intended to rectify, or to cure 
faults ; punishment ; discipline ; chastisement ; that which 
corrects. — 5. In scriptural language, whatever tends to 
correct the moral conduct, and bring back from error or 
sin, as afflictions. 6. Critical notice ; animadversion. 7. 
Abatement of noxious qualities ; the counteraction of 
what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects. — House of 
correction, a house where disorderly persons are confined ; 
a bridewell. 

GOR-RE€'TION-AL, a. Tending to or intended for correc- 
tion. — Walsh. 

GOR-REG'TION-ER, re. One who has been in the house of 
correction. — Shak. 

€OR-RECT'lVE, a. Having the power to correct ; having 
the quality of removing or obviating what is wrong or in- 
jurious : tending to rectify. 

GOR-REGT'iVE, n. 1. That which has the power of cor- 
recting ; that which has the quality of altering or obviating 
what is wrong or injurious. 2. Limitation ; restriction ; 
[little used.] 

€OR-REGTLY, adv. In a correct manner ; in conformity 
with truth, justice, rectitude, or propriety ; according to a 
standard ; exactly ; accurately. 

GOR-RECT'NESS, re. 1. Conformity to truth, justice, or 
propriety ; as, correctness of principle. 2. Conformity to 
settled usages or rules ; as, correctness of language. 3. 
Conformity to a copy or original ; as, the correctness of a 
translation. 4. Conformity to established rules of taste or 
proportion ; as, correctness of design in a picture, statue, 
&c. — Syn. Accuracy; exactness; regularity; precision. 

©OR-RE€T'OR, n. 1. One who corrects; one who amends 
faults, retrenches error, and renders conformable to truth 
or propriety, or to any standard. 2. One who punishes 
for correction ; one who amends or reforms by chastise- 
ment, reproof, or instruction. 3. That which corrects ; 
that which abates or removes what is noxious or incon- 
venient ; an ingredient in a composition which abates or 
counteracts the force of another. 
€OR RE61-D5R, re. [Sp.] A Spanish magistrate. 



COR-RE-LITE', v. i. [L. con and relatus.] To have a xe 
ciprocal relation, as father and son. 

■GOR'RE-L ATE, re. He or that which stands in a reci]. roca) 
relation to something else, as father and son. — South. 

GOR-RE-La'TION, re. Reciprocal relation.— Paley. 

GOR-REL'A-TIVE, a. [L. con and relativus.] Having a re 
ciprocal relation, so that the existence of one in a certain 
state depends on the existence of another ; as, father and 
son, husband and wife, are correlative terms. 

GOR-REL'A-TiVE, re. That which is opposed to something 
else in a reciprocal relation. The son is the correlative of 
his father. 

COR-REL'A-TlVE-LY, adv. In a correlative relation. 

COR-REL'A-TiVE-NESS, re. The state of being correlative. 

COR-REP'TION, re. [L. corripio.] Chiding; reproof; rep- 
rimand. — Hammon d. 

GOR-RE-SPOND', v. i. [It. corrispondere ; Fr. correspondre.] 
1. Literally, to answer one to another ; as, the parts of a 
building should correspond to each other. Hence, 2. To 
be congruous ; to be adapted to ; as, our actions should 
correspond with our words. 3. To be equal ; to be ade- 
quate or proportioned ; as, to correspond to the necessity 
of the case. 4. To communicate by letters sent and re- 
ceived ; to hold intercourse with a person at a distance by 
sending and receiving letters ; as, to correspond with a 
friend. 5. To have direct intercourse or communion. 
Thus, Milton speaks of man as created magnanimous to 
correspond with Heaven ; [rare.] — Syn. To suit ; agree • 
fit ; answer. 

GOR-RE-SPOND'ENCE, \ re. 1. Relation ; fitness ; congru- 

COR-RE-SPOND'EN-CY, 5 ity ; mutual adaptation of one 
thing to another. 2. Intercourse between persons at a 
distance, by means of letters sent and answers received. 
3. The letters which pass between correspondents. 4. 
Friendly intercourse ; reciprocal exchange of offices or 
civilities ; connection. 

GOR-RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Suitable ; fit; congruous ; agree- 
able ; answerable ; adapted. 

GOR-RE-SPOND'ENT, re. One who corresponds ; one with 
whom an intercourse is carried on by letters or messages. 

GOR-RE-SPOND'ENT-LY, adv. In a corresponding manner. 

COR-RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. or a. Carrying on intercourse 
by letters ; answering ; agreeing ; suiting.— Corresponding 
member of a society, one residing at a distance who is in- 
vited to hold intercourse with the society, and aid in car- 
rying out its designs. 

€OR-RE-SPON'SlVE, a. Answerable ; adapted. 

GOR-RE-SPON'SlVE-LY, adv. In a corresponding manner. 

GOR'RI-DoR, re. [Fr. ; Sp. corredor.] 1. In architecture, a 
gallery, or open communication round a building, leading 
to several chambers at a distance from each other. — 2. In 
fortification, the covered way lying round the whole com- 
pass of the fortifications of a place. 

■eOR-RI-GEN'DA, re. pi. [L.] Things to be corrected. 

COR'RI-GI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be set right or 
amended. 2. That may be reformed. 3. Punishable ; 
that may be chastised for correction. 

COR-Rl'VAL, n. A fellow rival ; a competitor. [More cor 
rectly co-rival, which see.] 

t GOR-RT'VAL, a. Contending.— Bishop Fleetwood. 

t GOR-Ri'VAL, v. i. To vie with.— Fitzgeffry. 

t GOR-RI-VAL'I-TY, ) „ ^ 

t COR-Rl'VAL-RY, \ n - Competition. 

t GOR-Ri'VAL-SHIP, re. Opposition ; rivalry.— Sir T. Her- 
bert. 

COR'RI-VaTE, v. t. To draw water out of several streams 
into one. [Little usecL] 

COR-RI-Va'TION, re. The running of different streams into 
one. [Not much used.] 

GOR-ROB'O-RANT, a. Strengthening ; having the power 
or quality of giving strength. 

GOR-ROB'O-RANT, re. A medicine that strengthens the 
human body when weak. 

GOR-ROB'O-RITE, v. t. [L. corroboro.] 1. To strengthen ; 
to make strong, or to give additional strength to. 2. To 
confirm; to make more certain; as, to corroborate a re- 
port. 

GOR-ROB'O-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Strengthened ; confirmed ; 
rendered more certain. 

COR-ROB'O-RI-TING, ppr. or a. Strengthening; giving 
firmness or additional assurance. 

GOR-ROB-O-Ra'TION, re. The act of strengthening or con- 
firming ; addition of strength, assurance, or security ; con- 
firmation. 

GOR-ROB'O-RA-TiVE, a. Having the power of giving 
strength, or additional strength ; tending to confirm. 

GOR-ROB'O-RA-TiVE, re. A medicine that strengthens ; a 
corroborant. 

COR-RoDE', v. t. [L. corrodo.] 1. To eat away by degrees ; 
to wear away, or diminish, by gradually separating small 
particles from a body, in the manner an animal gnaws a 
substance. 2. To wear away by degrees ; to prey upon ; 
to impair ; to consume or diminish by slow degrees ; as, 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, % i, &e , short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE. BIRD - MOVE, BOOK, 



COR 



233 



COR 



a mind corroded by care. — Syn. To canker ; gnaw ; waste ; 
wear away. 

GOR-R.oD'ED, pp. or a. Eaten away gradually ; worn, di- 
minished, impaired, by slow degrees. 

eOR-Ro'DENT, a. Having the power of corroding, or 
wasting by degrees. 

€OR-Ro'DENT, n. Any substance or medicine that cor- 
rodes. — Coze. 

COR-Ro'DI-ITE, v. t. To eat away by degrees.— Sandys. 

€OR-RO-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being corrodible. 

COR-Ro'DI-BLE, a. That may be corroded.— Brown. 

€OR-RoD'ING, ppr. or a. Eating away gradually ; impair- 
ing; wasting. 

€OR'RO-DY. [See Corody.] But corrody would be the 
more correct orthography. 

€OR-Ro'SI-BLE, a. See Corrodible. 

€OR-RO-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. See Corrodibility. 

€OR-Ro'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being corrosible. 

€OR-Ro'SION (kor-ro'zhun), n. The action of eating or 
wearing away by slow degrees ; as, the corrosion of met- 
als by an acid ; the corrosion of time ; the corrosion of 
evil passions. 

€OR-Ro'SlVE, a. 1. Eating ; wearing away ; having the 
power of gradually wearing, consuming, or impairing. 2. 
Having the quality of fretting or vexing. — Corrosive sub- 
limate^ a virulent poison, the bichlorid of mercury. 

€OR-Ro'SlVE, n. 1. That which has the quality of eating 
or wearing gradually. 2. That which has the power of 
fretting. 

€OR-Ro'SlVE-LY, adv. Like a corrosive ; with the power 
of coiTOsion ; in a corrosive manner. 

€OR-Ro'SiVE-NESS, n. The quality of corroding, eating 
away, or wearing ; acrimony. 

COR'RU-GANT, a. Having the power of contracting into 
wrinkles. 

€OR'RU-GITE, v. t. [L. corrugo.] To wrinkle ; to draw 
or contract into folds. — Bacon. 

€OR'RU-GATE, a. Wrinkled.— Young. 

€OR'RU-GI-TED, pp. or a. Wrinkled. 

€OR'RU-GI-TING, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles. 

COR-RU-Ga'TION, n. A wrinkling ; contraction into wrin- 
kles. 

€OR'RUGI-TOR, n. A muscle which contracts the skin of 
the forehead into wrinkles. — Coxe. 

€OR-Rft'<JENT-MUS'CLE (-mus'sl), n. A muscle which 
contracts the skin above the eyes; the corrugator super- 
cilii. — Chambers. 

GOR-RUPT, v. t. [L. corruptus.] 1. To change from a 
sound to a putrid or putrescent state. 2. To vitiate or 
deprave ; to change from good to bad ; as, to corrupt the 
morals. 3. To waste, spoil, or consume ; as, where moth 
and rust doth corrupt. 4. To defile or pollute. 5. To en- 
tice from good, and allure to evil. 6. To pervert; to 
break, disobey, or make void. 7. To pervert or vitiate 
integrity ; to bribe. 8. To debase or render impure, by 
alterations or innovations ; as, to corrupt language. 9. To 
pervert ; to falsify ; to infect with errors ; as, to corrupt 
the text of a manuscript. 

€OR-RUPT', v. i. 1. To become putrid ; to putrefy ; to rot. 
2. To become vitiated ; to lose purity. 

€OR-RUPT', a. [L. corruptus.] 1. Changed from a sound 
to a putrid state, as by natural decomposition. 2. Spoil- 
ed; tainted; vitiated; unsound. 3. Depraved; vitiated; 
tainted with wickedness. 4. Debased ; rendered impure ; 
changed to a worse state. 5. Not genuine ; infected with 
errors or mistakes. 

COR-RUPT'ED, pp. or a. Putrefied ; vitiated ; depraved ; 
spoiled ; marred ; bribed ; infected with errors. 

COR-RUPT'ER, n. 1. One who corrupts ; one who vitiates 
or taints. 2. One who bribes ; that which depraves or 
destroys integrity. 3. One who introduces errors. 

COR-RUPT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being cor- 
rupted. 

COR-RUPTI-BLE, a. [Fr. corruptible.] 1. That may be 
corrupted ; that may become putrid ; subject to decay and 
destruction. 2. That may be vitiated in qualities or prin- 
ciples ; susceptible of depravation. 

CORRUPT'I-BLE, n. That which may decay and perish ; 
the human body. — 1 Cor., xv. 

COR-RUPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. Susceptibility of corruption ; 
corruptibility. 

•GOR-RUPT'I-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be cor- 
rupted or vitiated. 

€OR-RUPTING,£pr. or a. Putrefying; depraving; vitiating. 

COR-RUPTION, n. [L. corruptio.] 1. The act of corrupt- 
ing, or state of being corrupt or putrid ; the destruction of 
the natural form of bodies, by the separation of the com- 
ponent parts, or by disorganization, in the process of pu- 
'.refaction. 2. Putrid matter ; pus. 3. A foul state occa- 
sioned by putrefaction. 4. Perversion or deterioration of 
moral principles ; loss of purity or integrity. 5. Reduc- 
tion or tendency to a worse state. 6. A debased or im- 
pure state , as, a coruption of speech. 7. Bribery.— 8. In 



law, taint ; impurity of blood, in consequence of an act of 
attainder of treason or felony, by which a person is disa 
bled to inherit lands from an ancestor. — Syn. Putrescence, 
putrefaction ; pollution ; defilement ; contamination ; dep 
ravation ; debasement ; adulteration ; depravity ; taint ; 
bribes-taking. 

COR-RUPT'IVE, a. Having the quality of corrupting, taint- 
ing, or vitiating. — Ray. 

COR-RUPTLESS, a. Not susceptible of corruption or de- 
cay. — Dryien. 

COR-RUPT'LY, adv. 1. In a corrupt manner ; with cor- 
ruption ; viciously ; wickedly ; without integrity. 2. By 
bribery. 

COR-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. The state of being corrupt ; putrid 
state, or putrescence. 2. A state of moral impurity. 3. 
A vicious state , debasement ; impurity. 

COR-RUPT'RESS, n. A female that corrupts others. 

COR'SaIR, n. [Fr. corsaire.] A term applied, particularly 
in the south of Europe, to a pirate or piratical vessel. 

COR'SAK, n. A species of fox. — Pennant. 
*€5RSE or C5RSE, n. [Fr. corps ; L. corpus.} A corpse , 
the dead body of a human being. — Addison. [A poetical 
word.] 

€ORSE'-EN-€UM'BER£D, a. Loaded witt dead bodies.— 
Barlow. 

CORSE -PRES-ENT, n. A mortuary or present paid at the 
interment of a dead body. 

CORSE'LET (korslet), n. [Fr. corselet.] 1. A little cuirass, 
or an armor to cover the body for p -erection, worn for- 
merly by pikemen. 2. That part ct a winged insect to 
which the wings and legs are attached, and which answers 
to the breast of other animals. 

CORSE'LET (korslet), v. t. To encircle with a corselet,— 
Beaumont and Fletcher. 

CORSE'LET-ED, pp. Encircled with a corselet. 

CORSE'LET-ING, ppr. Encirc^ng with a corselet. 

COR'SET, n. [Fr.] A bodice : jumps ; something worn to 
give shape to the body ; used by ladies and dandies. 

COR/SET, v. t. To inclose in corsets. 

€OR'SET-ED, pp. Confined in corsets. 

COR'SET-ING, ppr. Confining in corsets. 

COR'SET-ING, n. The act or practice of binding with 
corsets. 

CORS'NED, n. [Sax. corsntde.] The morsel of execration 
or curse ; a piece of bread consecrated by exorcism, and 
to be swallowed by a suspected person, as a trial of his 
innocence. 

■CORTEGE (kor'tazhe), n. [Fr.] A train of attendants. 

COR'TES (koritez), n. pi. [from Sp. corte, court.] The Span- 
ish and Portuguese name of the states of the kingdom, 
composed of nobility, clergy, and representatives of cities ; 
the assembly of the states, answering, in some measure, 
to the parliament of Great Britain. — Brande. 

■CORTEX, n. [L.] Bark, as of a tree. 

COR'TI-CAL, a. Belonging to bark ; consisting of bark or 
rind ; resembling bark or rind ; external ; belonging to 
the external covering. 

COR'TI-CATE, la. [L.corticatus.] Having or resembling 

CORTI-CX-TED, 5 the bark or rind of a tree.— Brown. 

€OR-TI-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cortex and fero.] Producing 
bark, or that which resembles it. — Diet. 

COR-TICl-FORM (kor-tis'e-form), a. Resembling bark. 

!8!?!!oU3> Barl ^ ; ^'ofbark.-^. 

CORTILE, n. [It] The open internal court of a building. 

CO-RUN'DUM, n. A mineral of extreme hardness, consist 
ing of nearly pure alumina. It is sometimes called ada- 
mantine spar, and is nearly allied to the sapphire.— Dana. 

CO-RUS'CANT, a. Flashing ; glittering by Hashes. 

COR'US-CaTE, v. i. [L.corusco.] To throw off vivid flashes 
of light,— Syn. To flash; lighten; glitter; gleam; sparkle; 
radiate. 

€OR-US-€l'TION, n. [L. coruscatio.] 1. A flash ; a sudden 
burst of light in the clouds or atmosphere. 2. The lighj 
produced by the combustion of inflammable gas in the 
earth. — 3. Figuratively, intellectual brilliancy ; a?, the cor- 
uscations of genius. — Artificial coruscations are produced 
by phosphorus and sulphuric acid, or by sulphuric acid 
and iron filings.— Syn. Flash ; glitter ; blaze ; radiation. 

■COR- VEE' (kor-vaO, n. [Fr.] In feudal law, an obligation to 
do certain services (as the repair of roads, &.C.) for the 
sovereign or feudal lord. — Brande. 

COR-VETTE', n. [Fr. corvette.] A sloop of war, ranking 
next below a frigate, and carrying not more than about 
twenty guns. Corvettes anu sloops of war were originally 
light vessels with only one mast, but are now ship-rigged, 
and built for swift sailing. — Lunicr. 

COR-VET'TO, n. The curvet— Peacham. 

COR'VINE, n. [from corvus.] Pertaining to the crow. 

COR'VO-RANT. See Cormorant. 

COR'VUS, n. [L. a crow.] 1. In astronomy, a constellation 
of the southern hemisphere. 2. A military engine or gal- 
lery used by the Romans for boarding ships in war. 



Do VE , • BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K , 6 as J ; S aa Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



cos 



234 



COl 



GOR-Y-BANTIC, a*, Madly agitated ; inflamed like the Cor- I 
ybantes, the frantic priests of Cybele. 

Snpv'm 'V t?" A * I "■ An alkaloid obtained from the root 

ISrSIlINeJ ofcorydalistuberosa. 

COR'YMB, > n. [L. corymbus.] Primarily, a top, head, or 

CO-RYM'BUS, > cluster. In modern botany, a raceme or 
panicle, in which the stalks of the lower flowers are lon- 
ger than those of the upper, so that the flowers themselves 
are all on the same level. — Loudon. 

CO-RYM'BI-a-TED, a. Garnished with clusters of berries 
or blossoms in the form of corymbs. 

€OR-YM-BlF'ER-OUS, a. [L. corymbifer.] Producing cor- 
ymbs ; bearing flowers, fruit, or berries in clusters. 

€0-RYM'BOUS, a. Consisting of corymbs : in clusters. 

€0-RYM'BU-LOUS, a. Having or consisting of little cor- 
ymbs. 

COR'Y-PHENE, n. A fish with a sloping, truncated head, 
and the dorsal fin extending the whole length of the back. 

€OR-Y-PHe'US, n. [Gr. xopvcpaios.] The chief of a chorus ; 
any chief or leader ; as, the corypheus of theologians. 

€OS-CIN'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. kockivov and uavreia.] The 
art or practice of divination by means of a sieve. 

CO-Se'CANT, n. In geometry, the secant of the comple- 
ment of an arc or angle. 

€oS'£N. See Cozen. 

€6S'.EN-A(JE. See Cozenage. 

€0-SEN'TIENT (ko-sen'shent), a. Perceiving or feeling to- 
gether. 

Co'SEY, n. 1. Snug ; comfortable. 2. Chatty.— Smart. 

I Co'SIER, n. [Ft. cousu.] A botcher. — Shak. 

t CO-S1G-NIF1-CA-TIVE, a. Having the same significa- 
tion. 

€o'SI-LY, adv. Snugly ; comfortably. — Smart. 

C6S1N-A6E (kuz'in-aje), n. [Fr. cousinage.] In law, a writ 
to recover possession of an estate in lands, when a stran- 
ger has entered and abated, after the death of the tresail, 
or the grand-father's grand-father, or other collateral re- 
lation. 

€o'-SlNE, n. In geometry, the sine of the complement of 
an arc or angle. 

COSMETIC, a. [Gr. koguyitikos.] Beautifying; improving 
beauty, particularly the beauty of the skin. 

COS-MET'IG, n. Any external application that renders the 
skin soft, pure, and white, and helps to beautify and im- 
prove the complexion. 

COS'MIC, )a. [Gr. kociiikoS.] 1. Relating to the world, 

€OS'MI€-AL, > or to the whole system of visible bodies, 
including the earth and stars. — 2. In ancient astronomy, 
rising or setting with the sun ; not acronical. — Brande. 

COS'MIC- AL-LY, adv. With the sun at rising or setting : 
a star is said to rise or set cosmically, when it rises or sets 
with the sun. 

COS-MOG'O-NIST, n. One versed in cosmogony. 

COS-MOG'O-NY, n. [Gr. Koauoyovia.) The generation, ori- 
gin, or creation of the world or universe. — In physics, the 
science of the origin or formation of the universe. 

€OS-MOG'RA-PHER, n. One versed in cosmography. 

COS-MO-GRAPH'IC, ? „ . . . . , 

COS-MO-GRAPHIC-AL, \ a ' Fe ^^ m S to cosmography. 

COS-MO-GRAPH'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner relating to 
the science of describing the universe, or corresponding 
to cosmography. 

COS-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. KoauoypaQia.] A description of 
the world or universe ; or the science which teaches the 
constitution of the whole system of worlds, or the figure, 
disposition, and relation of all its parts, and the manner of 
representing them on a plane. 

€OS'MO-LABE, n. [Gr. koojuos, world, and XauBavo), to take.] 
An ancient instrument for measuring distances in the 
heavens or on earth. 

<20S-MOL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. Koa/xos and Xarpcvo).] The wor- 
ship paid to the world, or its parts, by heathens. 

COS-MO-LO<J'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to cosmology. 

COS-MOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in cosmology. 

€OS-MOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. KoauoUyia.] The science of the 
world or universe ; or a treatise relating to the structure, 
motion, and constituent parts of the system of creation. 

COS-MO-PLAS'TIC, a. [Gr. kooiios and riaoou).] World- 
forming ; pertaining to the formation of the world. 

€OS-MO-POL'I-TAN, l«. [Gr. Koafiog and tco\itth-] A per- 

€OS-MOP'0-LiTE, J son who has no fixed residence ; 
one who is no where a stranger, or who is at home in ev- 
ery place ; a citizen of the world. 

GOS-MO-POL'I-TAN-ISM, n. Citizenship of the world. 

30S-MOP'0-LIT-ISM, n. 1. The state of men, in which all 
form one social community, free from national feelings, or 
in which the common interest is the object of public 
measures. 2. Superior regard for the public weal. 

COS-MO-RAM'IC, a. Pertaining to a cosmorama. 

COS-MO-RA'MA, n. [Gr. Konnos, world, and opau, to see.] A 
picturesque exhibition, consisting of a number of draw- 
ings laid on a table, reflected by mirrors, and viewed 



through a convex lens placed in front of each n.irru 
They are illuminated by lamps so situated as not to V 
seen by the spectator. 

COS'MO-SPHERE, n. [Gr. Konuos and oQaipa.] An appa 
ratus for showing the relative position ot the earth and 
fixed stars at any given time. It consists of a celestial 
globe of glass, within which is a terrestrial globe. — Hebert 

COSS, n. 1. A Hindoo measure of one Engish mile and a 
quarter nearly. — Asiat. Res. 2. Algebra, when first brought 
into Europe, was called the Rule of Coss, probably from 
the Italian Regola di Cosa, the rule of the thing, the un- 
known number being called Cosa. Hence, old writers 
speak of cossic numbers, and the cossic art. — Brande. 

COS'SACK, n. The name of a military people, skillful as 
horsemen, who inhabit the Ukraine, in the Prussian Em- 
pire. 

COS'SAS, n. pi. Plain India muslins, of various qualities 
and breadths. 

COS'SET, n. [qu. G. kossat.] A lamb brought up by hand, 
or without the aid of the dam. Hence, a pet. 

COS'SIC, a. Relating to algebra.— Bishop Hall. See Coss. 

COST, n. [G., D., Sw., Dan. kost.] 1. The price, value, or 
equivalent of a thing purchased; the amount in value 
paid, charged, or engaged to be paid for any thing bought 
or taken in barter. 2. Expense ; amount in value ex- 
pended or to be expended ; charge ; that which is given 
or to be given for another thing. — 3. In law, the sum fixed 
by law, or allowed by the court, for charges of a suit 
awarded against the party losing, in favor of the party pre- 
vailing, &c. 4. Loss or expense of any kind ; detriment , 
pain ; suffering. 5. Sumptuousness ; great expense. 

COST, n. [L. casta.] A rib or side. — Ben Jonson. 

COST, v. t. ; pret. and pp. cost. [G. and D. kosten.] 1. To 
require to be given or expended in barter or purchase ; to 
be bought for. 2. To require to be laid out, given, be- 
stowed, or employed; as, to cost much labor. 3. To re- 
quire to be borne or suffered ; as, to cost much suffering. 

COSTAL, a. [Fr. costal] Pertaining to the side of the body 
or the ribs ; as, costal nerves, 

COSTARD, n. 1. A head.— Shak. ; [not used.] 2. An ap 
pie, round and bulky, like the nead. 

COSTARD-M6N"GER, > n. An itinerant seller of apples 

COSTER-M6N"GER, $ and other fruit. 

COS'TATE, \a. [L. costa.] Ribbed; having ribs, or the 

COS'Ta-TED, 5 appearance of ribs. 

COSTIVE, a. [from It. costipato, costipare ; L. constipo.] 1. 
Literally, crowded, stuffed, as the intestines ; hence, bound 
in body ; retaining fecal matter in the bowels, in a hard 
and dry state ; having the excrements obstructed, or the 
motion of the bowels too slow. 2. Dry and hard. — Mor- 
timer ; [not used.] 

COSTlVE-LY, adv. With costiveness. 

COSTIVE-NESS, n. A preternatural detention of the fecal 
matter of the bowels, with hardness and dryness ; an ob- 
struction or preternatural slowness of evacuations from 
the bowels. 

COSTLESS, a. Costing nothing.— Barrow. 

COST'LI-NESS, n. Expensiveness ; great cost or expense, 
sumptuousness. — Sidney. 

COSTLY, a. Of a high price ; purchased at a great ex- 
pense. — Syn. Valuable ; precious ; expensive ; sumptu ■ 
ous; dear; valuable. 

COSTMA-RY, n. [L. costus and Maria.] A species of tansy., 
or tanacetum ; alecost. 

t COS'TREL, n. A bottle. 

COS-TuME', n. [Fr.] 1. An established mode of dress, par- 
ticularly that which is appropriate to a given age, place, 
person, &c. — 2. In painting, the adaptation of all the details 
of a picture to characters, the time, place, &c. 

CO-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who suffers with another. 

CO-SU-PReME', n. A partaker of supremacy. 

CO-SuRETY (-shiire'te), n. One who is surety with anoth 
er. — Mass. Rep. 

Co'SY, a. See Cosey or Cozy. 

POTF \ At ^ e en( ^ °^ ^ ie names °f places, come generally 
f'OAT* S fr° m tne Saxon cot, a cottage. — Gibson. 
COT, ? n. [Sax. cot, cote, cyte.] 1. A small house ; a hut , 
CoTE, 3 a mean habitation ; also, a shed or inclosure for 

beasts. 2. A leathern cover for a sore finger. 3. An 

abridgment of cotquean. 4. A cade lamb. — Grose; [local.] 

5. A little boat. 
COT, ) n. [Sax. cot, cote.] 1. A small bed.— 2. On board 
COTT, S of ships, a bed frame suspended from the beams 

for the officers to sleep in between the decks ; a piece of 

canvas, extended by a frame. 
CO-TAB'U-LaTE. See Contabulate. 
CO-TAN'gENT, n. The tangent of the complement of an 

arc or angle. 
CdTE. See Quote, which was formerly written cote. 
CoTE, n. A sheepfold. See Cot. 
CoTE, v. t. To pass by and turn before ; to gain ground in 

coursing and giving a competitor the turn. [Little used.] 



sis. a, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BiRD < MrtVE, BOOK, 



cou 



235 



COU 



t3C-TEM-PO Ra'NE-OUS, a. Living or being at the same 
time. 

€0-TEM-PO-RI'NE-OUS-LY, adv. At the same time with 
some other event. 

CO-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. Living or being at the same time. 
— Locke. 

CO-TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time 
with another. [I consider this word as preferable to con- 
temporary, as being more easily pronounced.] 

CO-TENANT, n. A tenant in common. — Kent. 

€0-TE-RlE' (ko-te-ree'), n. [Fr.] A circle of familiar friends; 
a meeting for social or literary intercourse. — Brande. 

CO-TERM'IN-OUS, a. Bordering on. See Conterminous. 

€0-THURN'ATE, \ a. Buskined ; relating to tragedy.— 

€0-THURN'A-TED, 5 Cockeram. 

CO-TIC'U-L AR, a. [L. coticula.) Pertaining to whetstones ; 
like, or suitable for whetstones. — Kirwan. 

€0-TIL'LON, > (ko-til'yun), n. [Fr.] A brisk dance, per- 

CO-TIL'LION, j formed by eight persons together ; also, 
a tune which regulates the dance. 

GOTLAND, n. Land appendant to a cottage. 

COTQUeAN, n. A man who busies himself with the af- 
fairs winch properly belong to women. 

CO-TRUS-TEE', n. A joint trustee.— Kent. 

€OTS'WoLD, n. [Sax. cote and wold.] A term applied to 
sheepcotes in an open country. 

COTTAGE, n. Properly, a cot ; a hut ; a small habitation 
for poor persons. The term is also now applied to small, 
but neat and tasteful dwellings. 

COTTAgED, a. Set or covered with cottages. 

COTTAGE-LY, a. Rustic ; suitable to a cottage. 

COTTA-GER, n. 1. One who lives in a hut or cottage.— 2. 
In law, one who lives on a common, without paying any 
rent, or having land of his own. 

COTTER, ) 

COTTAR, \n. A cottager. 

COTT1-ER. $ 

COTTON (koftn), n. [Fr. coton ; It. cotone .] I. A soft, 
downy substance, resembling fine wool, growing in the 
capsules or pods of the cotton-plant. 2. Cloth made of 
cotton. 

COTTON, a. Pertaining to cotton; made of cotton; con- 
sisting of cotton. 

COTTON, v. i. 1. To rise with a nap.— Johnson. 2. To 
agree ; to unite closely with. — Swift. — Rich. Diet. ; [a cant 
word.] 

COTTON-GIN, n. A machine to separate the seeds from 
cotton, invented by Eh Whitney. 

COTTON-GRaSS. n. A genus of plants, the eriophorum, 
having Ions cottony tufts waving on the stalks. 

COTTON-GRoWING, a. Producing cotton. 

COTTON-MA-cHiNE (ma-sheen'), n. A machine for card- 
ing or spinning cotton. 

COTTON-MILL, n. A mill or building with machinery for 
carding, roving, and spinning cotton, by the force of wa- 
ter or steam. 

COTTON-PLANT, In. A plant of the genus gossypium, of 

COTTON-SHRUB, } several species, all growing in warm 
climates, and yielding cotton. 

COTTON-PRESS, n. A machine for pressing cotton into 
bales. 

COTTON-THISTLE (-this!), n. A plant, the onopordum. 

COTTON- WEED, n. A plant, the filago. The name is 
given also to the gnaphalium, cud-weed, or goldy-locks. 

COTTON-WOOD, n. A large tree of the poplar kind, 
abundant on the Mississippi. 

COTTON-Y, la. 1. Downy ; nappy ; covered with hairs 

COTTON-OUS, J or pubescence bike cotton. — Marty n. 2. 
Soft, like cotton. 

COTY-LE, ) n. [Gr. kotv\t].] The cavity of a bone which 

COTY-LA, 5 receives the end of another in articulation. 

CO-TYL-E'DON, n. [Gr. KorvXnSuv.] 1. In botany, the per- 
ishable lobe of the seeds of plants. — 2. In anatomy, a cup- 
shaped, vascular body adhering to the chorion of some an- 
imals. 3. A genus of plants, navel-wort, or kidney-wort, 
of several species. 

CO-TYL-E'DON-OUS, a. Pertaining to cotyledons ; having 
a seed-lobe. 

CO-TYL'I-FORM, a. In physiology, an epithet applied to 
6uch organs as have a rotate figure with an erect limb. — 
Gilbert. 

COUCH (kowch), v. i. [Fr. couche.] 1. To he down, as on 
a bed or place of repose. 2. To lie down on the knees ; 
to stoop and recline on the knees, as a beast. 3. To lie 
down in secret or in ambiish ; to lie close and concealed. 
4. To he ; to lie in a bed or stratum. 5. To stoop ; to bend 
the body or back ; to lower in reverence, or to bend under 
labor, pain, or a burden. 

tfOUCH, v. t. 1. To lay down ; to repose on a bed or place 
of rest. 2. To lay down ; to spread on a bed or floor ; as, 
to couch malt. 3. To lay close, or in a stratum. 4. To 
bide ; to lay close, or in another body. 5. To include se- 
cretly ; to hide ; or to express in obscure terms, that im- 



jiy what is to be understood; as, to be couched under an 
allegory. 6. To involve ; to include ; to comprise ; to 
comprehend or express ; as, much is couched in these few 
expressions. 7. To he close. 8. To fix a spear in the 
rest, in the posture of attack ; as, the horsemen couched 
their spears. 9. To depress the condensed crystalline hu- 
mor of film that overspreads the pupil of the eye. To re- 
move a cataract ; as, to couch an eye. 

COUCH, n. 1. A bed ; a place for rest or sleep. 2. A seat 
of repose ; a place for rest and ease, on which it is com- 
mon to lie down undressed. 3. A layer or stratum of bar- 
ley prepared for malting ; also, the malting-floor on which 
it is spread. Brande. — 1. la. painting, a lay or impression 
of color, in oil or water, covering the canvas, wall, or oth- 
er matter to be painted. 5. Any lay, or impression, used 
to make a thing firm or consistent, or to screen it from the 
weather. 6. A covering of gold or silver leaf, laid on any 
substance to be gilded or silvered. 

COUCHANT, a. [Fr.] Lying down ; squatting.— In her- 
aldry, lying down with the head raised, which distinguish- 
es the posture of couchant from that of dormant, or sleep- 
ing ; applied to a lion or other beast. 

€OUCH£D (kowcht), pp. Laid down ; laid on ; hid ; in- 
cluded or involved ; laid close ; fixed in the rest, as a spear ; 
depressed or removed, as a cataract. 

CoUcH'EE (koosh'ee), n. [Fr.] Bedtime ; visit3 received 
about bedtime ; [opposed to levee.] — Dryden. 

COUCH'ER, n. 1. One who couches cataracts.— 2. In old 
English statutes, a factor ; a resident in a country for traf- 
fic. 3. A book in which a religious house register their 
acts. 

COUCH'-FEL-LoW, n. A bed-fellow ; a companion in 
lodging. 

COUCH'-GRaSS, n. A species of grass, agropyron or triti- 
cum repens, very injurious to other plants. 

COUCHING, ppr. Lying down ; laying down ; lying close , 
involving ; including ; expressing ; depressing a cataract. 

COUCHING, re. 1. The act of stooping or bowing. 2. The 
act of removing a cataract. 3. The spreading of malt to dry. 

COUCH'LESS, a. Having no couch or bed. 

CoU'GAR, n. An American carnivorous quadruped ; also 
called puma and panther. 

COUGH (kauf ), n. [qu. D. kuch.] A violent effort of the 
lungs to throw off" offending matter ; a violent, sometimes 
involuntary, and sonorous expiration, suddenly expelling 
the air through the glottis. 

COUGH (kauf), v. i. To make a violent effort with noise, 
to expel the - air from the lungs, and evacuate any offend- 
ing matter that irritates the parts or renders respiration 
difficult. 

COUGH (kauf), v. t. To expel from the lungs by a violent 
effort with noise ; to expectorate. 

COUGH'ER (kauf-), n. One who coughs. 

COUGHING (kauf-), ppr. Expelling from the lungs by a 
violent effort with noise ; expectorating. 

COUGHING (kauf-), n. A -violent effort, with noise, to ex- 
pel the air from the lungs. 

COULD (kpod). [The past tei^e of can, according to our 
customary arrangement in grammar ; but, in reality, a dis- 
tinct word, can having no past tense. Could, we receive 
through the Celtic dialects, W. gallu, Corn, gaily, Arm. 
gallout, to be able.] Had sufficient physical or moral 
power or capacity. 

■€oULEUR BE ROSE (koolaur de roze). [Fr.] Literally, 
of a rose color ; hence, under an aspect of beauty and at- 
tractiveness ; as, to see every thing couleur de rose. 

coulter. See colter. 

CoU'MA-RIN, n. A vegetable proximate principle obtained 
from the Tonka bean, and from the flowers of the melilot 
It is used in medicine, and it gives flavor to the Swiss 
cheese, called schabzieger. 

COUN'CIL, 7t. [Fr. concile; Sp. concilio.] 1. An assembly 
of men summoned or convened for consultation, delibera 
tion, and advice. 2. A body of men specially designated 
to advise a chief magistrate in the administration of the 
government, as in Great Britain.— 3. In some of the Ameri- 
can states, a branch of the legislature, corresponding with 
the senate in other states, and called legislative council- 
New Jersey. 4. An assembly of prelates and doctors, con- 
vened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline 
in the church. 5. Act of deliberation ; consultation of a 
council ; as, "they call to council in the city gates." Mil- 
ton. — Common council of a city generally is the body of 
representatives of the citizens. — Ecumenical council, in 
Church history, a general council or assembly of prelates 
and doctors, representing the whole church. —Privy coun- 
cil, a select council for advising a king in the administra- 
tion of the government. — Aulic council. [See Aulic.] — Syn. 
Assembly ; meeting ; congress ; diet ; convention ; convo- 
cation. 

COUN'CIL-BoARD, n. Council-table ; the table round which 
a council holds consultation. Hence, the council itself in 
deliberation or session. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this. t t Obsolete. 



cou 



236 



COU 



COUN'CIL-OR n. The member of a council. See Coun- 
selor. 

€OUN'CIL-Ta-BLE, n. Council-board. 

CO-UN-DER-STANDTNG, n. Mutual understanding. 

\ CO-U-NlTE', v. t. To unite.— Afore. 

COUN'SEL, n. [Fr. conseil] 1. Advice ; opinion or in- 
struction for directing the judgment or conduct of anoth- 
er; opinion given upon deliberation or consultation. 2. 
Consultation; interchange of opinions ; as, " we took coun- 
sel together." 3. Deliberation ; examination of consequen- 
ces. 4. Prudence ; deliberate opinion or judgment, or the 
faculty or habit of judging with caution. — 5. In a bad sense, 
evil advice or designs ; art ; machination. 6. Secrecy ; 
the secrets intrusted in consultation ; secret opinions or 
purposes ; as, every one should keep his own counsel. — 

7. In a Scriptural sense, purpose; design; will; decree. 

8. Directions of God's word. 9. The will of God, or his 
truth and doctrines concerning the way of salvation. 10. 
Those who give counsel in law ; any counselor or advo^ 
cate, or any number of counselors, barristers, or sergeants 

COUN'SEL, v. t. [L. counsilior.] 1. To give advice or de 
liberate opinion to another for the government of his con 
duct; to advise. 2. To exhort, warn, admonish, or in 
struct. 3. To advise or recommend; as, to counsel a 
crime. — Dryden ; [not much used.] 

COUN'SEL-KEEP'ER, n. One who can keep a secret. — 
Shalt. 

COUN'SEL-KEEPTNG, a. Keeping secrets. 

€OUN'SEL-A-BLE, a. Willing to receive counsel ; disposed 
to follow the advice or opinions of others. 

COUN'SEL ED, pp. Advised ; instructed ; admonished. 

COUN'SEL-ING, ppr. Advising; instructing; admonishing. 

€OUN'SEL-OR, n. 1. Any person who gives advice ; but 
properly, one who is authorized by natural relationship, or 
by birth, office, or profession, to advise another in regard 
to his future conduct and measures. 2. A member of a 
council ; one appointed to advise a king or chief magis- 
trate. 3. One who is consulted by a client in a law-case ; 
one who gives advice in relation to a question of law ; one 
whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage 
causes for clients. — Privy counselor, a member of a privy 
council, 

eOUN'SEL-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a counselor, or privy 
counselor. 

€OUNT, v. t. [Fr. conter.] 1. To number ; to tell or name 
one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the 
whole number of units in a collection. 2. To reckon ; to 
preserve a reckoning ; to compute ; as, to count the cost. 
3. To reckon ; to place to an account ; to ascribe or im- 
pute ; to consider or esteem as belonging ; as, " it was 
counted to him for righteousness." 4. To esteem ; to ac- 
count ; to reckon ; to think, judge, or consider ; as, I count 
ihem my enemies. — Syn. To number ; reckon ; calculate ; 
compute. 

COUNT, v. i. 1. To swell the number, or count ; as, each 
one counts. — 2. To count upon, to reckon upon ; to found 
an account or scheme on ; to rely on. 

COUNT, n. [Fr. conte and compte.] 1. Reckoning ; the act 
of numbering. 2. Number. — 3. In law, a particular charge 
in an indictment, or narration in pleading, setting forth 
the cause of complaint. 

COUNT, n. [Fr. comte.] A title of nobility, on the continent 
of. Europe, equivalent to the English earl, and whose do- 
main is a county. An earl ; the alderman of a shire. 

COUNT'-WHEEL, n. The wheel in a clock which moves 
round and causes it to strike. 

C9UNTA-BLE, a. That may be numbered.— Spenser. 

COUNTED, pp. Numbered; told; esteemed; reckoned; 
imputed. 

COUN'TE-NANCE, n. [Fr. contenance.] 1. Literally, the 
contents of a body ; the outline and extent which consti- 
tutes the whole figure or external appearance. Appropri- 
ately, the human face ; the whole form of the face, or sys- 
tem of features ; visage. 2. Air ; look ; aspect ; appear- 
ance of the face. 3. The face or look of a beast. 4. Fa- 
vor ; good will ; kindness. 5. Support ; aid ; patronage ; 
encouragement; favor in promoting and maintaining a 
person or cause. 6. Show ; resemblance ; superficial ap- 
pearance. — 7. In law, credit or estimation. — To keep the 
countenance, is to preserve a calm, composed, or natural 
look, unruffled by feeling. — In countenance, in favor; in 
estimation. — To keep in countenance, to give assurance or 
courage to ; to support ; to aid by favor. — To put in coun- 
tenance, to give assurance ; to encourage ; or to bring 
into favor; to support. — Out of countenance, confounded; 
abashed ; with the countenance cast down ; not bold or 
assured. — To put out of countenance, to cause the counte- 
nance to fall ; to abash ; to intimidate ; to disconcert. 

COUN'TE-NANCE, v. t. 1. To favor ; to sanction ; to en- 
courage by opinion or words. 2. To aid ; to support ; to 
encourage ; to abet ; to vindicate by any means. 3. To 
encourage , to appear in defense. 4. To make a show of; 
as, each to these ladies love did countenance. — Spenser ; 



[obs.] 5. To act suitably to ; as, " to countenance this hor 
ror." — Shak. — Johnson ; [obs.] 

COUN'TE-NANCED, pp. Favored; encouraged; supported 

COUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who countenances, favors, oi 
supports. 

COUNTE-NAN-CING, ppr. Favoring; encouraging; sup 
porting. 

COUNTER, n. 1. A false piece of money or stamped met 
al, used as means of reckoning ; any thing used to keep 
an account or reckoning, as in games. 2. Money, in con 
tempt. 3. A table or board on which money is counted , 
a table on which goods in a shop are laid for examination 
by purchasers. 4. The name of certain prisons in Lon- 
don. 5. One who counts or reckons ; also, an auditor. 6. 
Encounter ; [not used.] — 7. In ships, an arch or vault, whose 
upper part is terminated by the bottom of the stern. 8. A 
contrivance in an engine or carriage to tell numbers, as of 
strokes or revolutions. — 9. In music, the name of an un 
der part which serves as a contrast to the pi-incipal parts 
— 10. Counter of a horse, the breast, that part which lies be 
tween the shoulder and under the neck. 

COUNTER, adv. [Fr.contre; L. contra.] 1. Contrary; in 
opposition ; in an opposite direction ; used chieiiy with 
. run or go; as, to run counter to the rules of virtue. 2. 
The wrong way ; contrary to the right course. 3. Con- 
trariwise ; in a contrary manner. 4. The face, or at the 
face. — Sandys ; [not used.] This word is prefixed to many 
others, chieiiy verbs and nouns, expressing opposition. 

€OUN'TER-AT-TRA€TION, n. Opposite attraction. 

COUNTER-ATTRACTIVE, a. Attracting oppositely. 

COUNTER-CUR-RENT, n. A current in an opposite dl 
rection. 

COUNTER-CUR-RENT, a. Running in an opposite direc- 
tion. — Kirwan. 

COUNTER-DISTINCTION, n. Contradistinction. 

COUN-TER-EV'I-DENCE, n. Opposite evidence ; evidence 
or testimony which opposes other evidence. 

COUN-TER-FER'MENT, n. Ferment opposed to ferment. 
— Addison. 

COUN-TER-IN'FLU-ENCE. v. t. To hinder by opposing 
influence. [Little used.] 

€OUNTER-IN'FLU-ENC£D (-in'flu-enst),^p. Hindered by 
opposing influence. 

€OUNTER-IN'FLU-EN-CING, ppr. Hindering by opposing 
influence. 

COUN-TER-Ll-BRITION. See Libration. 

COUNTER-NAT'U-RAL, a. Contrary to nature. 

COUNTER-NE-GO-TI-A'TION, n. Negotiation in opposi- 
tion to other negotiation. 

COUNTER.-NOISE, n. A noise or sound by which another 
noise or sound is overpowered. 

€OUNTER-6T£N-ING, n. An aperture or vent on the 
opposite side, or in a different place. 

COUN-TER-PAS'SANT, a. In heraldry, is when two lions 
in a coat of arms are represented as going contrary ways. 

COUNTER-PETI'TION (-pe-tish'un), n. A petition in op 
position to another. — Clarendon. 

COUNTER-PETI'TION, v i. To petition against another 
petition. 

COUNTER-RE V-O-L0TION, n, A revolution opposed to 
a former one, and restoring a former state of things. 

COUNTER-REV-O-LuTlON-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a 
counter-revolution. 

COUNTER-REV-O-LuTION-IST, n. One engaged in or 
befriending a counter-revolution. 

COUN-TER-SI'LI-ENT, a. [Fr. contre and saillir.] In her- 
aldry, is when two beasts are borne in a coat leaping from 
each other. 

€OUNTER-S€UF_-FLE, n. Opposite scuffle ; contest. 

COUNTER-SE-CuRE', v. t. To secure one who has given 
security. 

COUNTER-SE-CCRI-TY, n. Security given to one who 
has entered into bonds or become security for another. 

COUNTER-SIGNATURE, n. The name of a secretaiy, or 
other subordinate officer, countersigned to a writing. 

COUNTER-STATUTE, n. A contrary statute or ordi- 
nance. 

COUN-TER-SuRETY (-shure'te), n. A counter-bond, or 
a surety to secure one that has given security. 

COUNTER-ACT', v. t. To act in opposition to ; to encoun- 
ter with contrary agency. — Syn. To hinder: oppose; 
contravene ; resist ; withstand ; impede ; defeat ; fru3 
trate. 

COUNTER-ACTED, pp. Hindered ; frustrated ; defeated 
by contrary agency. 

COUNTER- ACTING, ppr. or a. Acting against ; hindering 
frustrating. 

COUNTER- ACTION, n. Action in opposition ; hinderance, 

COUNTER-ACTIVE, a. Tending to counteract 

COUNTER- ACTIVE, n. One who or that which counter- 

CGUN-TER-ACFIVE-LY, adv. By counteraction. 
COUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh against ; to weigh 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



cou 



237 



COLT 



again st with an equal weight ; to act against with equal 
power or effect ; to countervail. 

COUNTER-BAL-ANCE, n. Equal weight, power, or agen- 
cy acting in opposition to any thing. 

COUNTER-BAL'ANC ED (-bal'anst), pp. Opposed by equal 
weight, power, or effect. 

COUNTER-BAL'AN-CING, ppr. or a. Opposing by equal 
weight, power, or operation. 

COUNTER-BOND, n. A bond to save harmless one who 
has given bond for another. 

€OUN-TER-BUFF', v. t. To strike back or in an opposite 
direction ; to drive back ; to stop by a blow or impulse in 
front. 

COUNTER-BUFF, n. A blow in an opposite direction ; a 
stroke that stops motion, or causes a recoil. 

COUNTER-BUFFED' (koun-ter-buft), pp. Struck with a 
blow in opposition. 

COUNTER-CIST, n. Delusive contrivance ; contrary cast. 

COUNTER-CIST-ER, n. A caster of accounts ; a reckon- 
er ; a book-keeper, in contempt. 

COUNTER-CHaNgE, n. Exchange ; reciprocation. 

COUNTER-CHINgE', v. t. To give and receive ; or to 
cause to change places. 

COUNTER-CHaNgED' (koun-ter-chanjdO.^. Exchanged. 
— In heraldry, intermixed, as the colors of the field and 
charge. 

COUNTER-CHINg'ING, ppr. Exchanging ; intermixing. 

COUN'TER-CHIRGE, n. An opposite charge. 

COUNTER-CHIRM, n. That which has the power of dis- 
solving or opposing the effect of a charm. 

COUNTER-CHIRM', v. t. To destroy the effect of en- 
chantment. 

COUNTER-CHIRMED', pp. Defeated by contrary charms. 

COUNTER-CHIRM'ING, ppr. Destroying the effect by 
opposite charms. 

€OUN-TER-CHE€K', v. t. To oppose or stop by some ob- 
stacle ; to check. 

COUNTER-CHECK, n. Check ; stop ; rebuke ; or a cen- 
sure to check a reprover. 

COUNTER-CHECKED' (-chektf), pp. Opposed ; stopped. 

COUNTER-CHECKING, ppr. Checking by hinderance. 

COUNTER-DRIIN, n. A drain parallel to a canal or em- 
banked water-course, for collecting the leakage water. 

COUNTER-DRAW, v. t. In painting, to copy a design or 
painting, by means of a fine linen cloth, an oiled paper, or 
other transparent matter, whereon the strokes appearing 
through, they are traced with a pencil. 

GOUN-TER-DRAWING, ppr. Copying by means of lines 
drawn on some transparent matter. 

COUNTER-DRAWN', pp. Copied from lines drawn on 
something else. 

COUNTER-FII'SANCE. See Counterfesance. 

COUNTERFEIT (koun'ter-fit), v. t. [Fr. contrefaire, centre- 
fait.] 1. To forge ; to copy or imitate, without authority 
or right, and with a view to deceive or defraud, by pass- 
ing the copy or thing forged for that which is original or 
genuine. 2. To imitate ; to copy ; to make or put on a 
resemblance ; as, to counterfeit sickness. 

COUN'TER-FElT, v. i. To feign; to dissemble; to carry 
on a fiction or deception. — Shak. 

COUNTER-FEIT, a. 1. Fabricated without right ; made 
in imitation of something else, with a view to defraud, by 
passing the false copy for genuine or original ; as, counter- 
feit money. 2. Assuming the appearance of something ; 
as, a counterfeit ally. 3. Having the resemblance of ; not 
genuine ; as, a counterfeit kindness. — Syn. Forged ; ficti- 
tious ; false ; spurious ; supposititious ; hypocritical. 

COUNTER-FEIT, n. 1. A cheat ; a deceitful person ; one 
who pretends to be what he is not ; one who personates 
another ; an impostor. — 2. In law, one who obtains money 
or goods by counterfeit letters or false tokens. 3. That 
which is made in imitation of something, but without law- 
ful authority, and with a view to defraud, by passing the 
false for the true. 

COUNTER-FEIT-ED, pp. or a. 1. Forged; made in imita- 
tion of something, with a view to defraud ; copied ; imi- 
tated; feigned. 

COUNTER-FEIT-ER (koun'ter-fit-er), n. 1. One who coun- 
terfeits; a forger. 2. One who copies or imitates; one 
who assumes a false appearance. 3. One who endeavors 
to set off a thing in false colors. 

COUNTER-FEIT-ING, n. The act of forging ; the making 
of a counterfeit resemblance. 

COUNTER-FEIT-ING, ppr. Forging; feigning. 

COUNTER-FEIT-LY, adv. By forgery ; falsely ; fictitiously. 

t COUNTER-FEIT-NESS, n. The state of being counterfeit. 

\ COUNTER-Fe'SANCE, n. [Fr. contrefaisance.] The act 

of forging; forgery. 
COUNTER-FOIL, 1 n. That part of a tally struck in the 
COUNTER-STOCK, 5 exchequer which is kept by an 
officer in that court, the other being delivered to the per- 
son who has lent the king money on the account, and is 
called the stock. 



COUNTER-FoRT, n. A buttress, spur or pillar serving to 
support a wall or terrace subject to bulge. 

COUNTER-GagE, n. In carpentry, a method used to 
measure the joints, by transferring, as, for instance, the 
breadth of a mortise to the place where the tenon is to be, 
in order to make them fit each other. 

COUNTER-GUIRD, n. In fortification, a small rampart or 
work raised before the point of a bastion, consisting of 
two long faces parallel to the faces of the bastion, making 
a salient angle, to preserve the bastion. 

COUNTER- LIGHT (-lite), n. A light opposite to any thing, 
which makes it appear to disadvantage. 

COUNTER-MIND', v. t. [Fr. contrcmander.] 1. To revoke 
a former command, or to give an order contrary to one 
before given, which annuls a former command, and for- 
bids its execution. 2. To oppose ; to contradict the or- 
ders of another. 3. To prohibit— Harvey ; [little used.] 

COUNTER-MIND, n. A contrary order ; revocation of a 
former order or command. — Shak. 

COUN-TER-MaND ED, pp. Revoked ; annulled, as an order. 

COUNTER-MINDTNG, ppr. Revoking a former order; 
giving directions contrary to a former command. 

counter-march, v. l to march back. 

COUNTER-MARCH, n. I. A marching back ; a returning. 

2. A change of the wings or face of a battalion, so as to 
bring the right to the left, or the front into the rear. — Cur. 

3. A change of measures ; alteration of conduct. 
COUNTER-MIRCHED' (-marcht), pp. Marched back 
COUNTER-MIRCHTNG, ppr. or n. Marching back. 
COUNTER-MIRK, n. 1. A second or third mark put on a 

bale of goods belonging to several merchants, that it may 
not be opened, but in the presence of all the owners. 
2. The maz-k of the Goldsmith's Company, to show the 
metal to be standard, added to that of the artificer. 3. An 
artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses that have 
outgrown their natural mark, to disguise their age. 4. A 
mark added to a medal, a long time after it has been 
struck, by which its several changes of value may be 
known. 

COUNTER-MIRK', v. t. To mark the corner teeth of a 
horse by an artificial cavity, to disguise his age. 

COUNTER-MlNE, ». 1. In military affairs, a well and gal- 
lery sunk in the earth, and running under ground, in 
search of the enemy's mine, or till it meets it, to defeat its 
effect. 2. Means of opposition or counteraction. 3. A 
stratagem or project to frustrate anv contrivance. 

COUNTER-MINE', v. t. 1. To sink a well and gallery in 
the earth, in search of an enemy's mine, to frustrate his 
designs. 2. To counter-work ; to frustrate by secret and 
opposite measures. 

COUNTER-MINED', pp. Counterworked. 

COUNTER-MlN'ING, ppr. Sinking a mine to frustrate an- 
other mine. 

€OUN'TER-Mo-TION, n. An opposite motion ; a motion 
counteracting another. 

counter-motive, n. An opposite motive. 

COUNTER-MoVE', v. t. or i. To move in a contrary direc- 
tion, or in opposition to another. 

COUNTER-MOVING, ppr. Moving in an opposite direc- 
tion. 

COUNTER-MoVE-MENT. n. A movement in opposition 
to another. 

COUNTER-MORE, n. [Fr. contremur.] A wall raised be- 
hind another, to supply its place when a breach is made. 

COUNTER-MuRE, v. t. To fortify with a wall behind 
another. 

COUNTER-MuRED, pp. Fortified by a wall behind an- 
other. 

COUNTER-MuR-ING, ppr. Fortifying by a wall behind 
another. 

COUN'TER-PaCE, n. A step or measure in opposition to 
another ; contrary measure or attempt. 

COUNTER-PILED, a. In heraldry, is when the escutcheon 
is divided into twelve pales, parted perfesse, the two col- 
ors being counter-changed, so that the upper and lower 
are of different colors. 

COUNTER-PINE, n. 1. A particular kind of coverlet for 
a bed. [See Counterpoint.] 2. One part of an indent- 
ure; [obsolete.] 

COUNTER-PART, n. 1. The correspondent part; the part 
that answers to another, as the two papers of a contract 
or indentures ; a copy ; a duplicate. Also, the part which 
fits another, as the key of a cipher. Addison. — 2. In mu- 
sic, the part to be applied to another. 

COUNTER-PLEA, n. In law, a replication to a plea or re- 
quest. — Cowel. 

COUNTER-PLOT, v. t. To oppose one plot to another ; 
to attempt to frustrate stratagem by stratagem. 

COUNTER-PLOT, n. A plot or artifice opposed to an- 
other. 

COUNTER-PLOTTING, n. A plotting in opposition to a 
stratagem. 

COUNTER-POINT, n. [Fr. contrepointe.] 1. A coverlet; 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fcc, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVF, BOOK 



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238 



COU 



a cover for a bed, stitched or woven in squares. It has 
been corrupted into counterpane. — 2. In music, counter- 
point is when the musical characters, by which the notes 
in each part are signified, are placed in such a manner, 
each with respect to each, as to show how the parts an- 
swer one to another. The term is now synonymous with 
harmony, and nearly so with composition. 3. An opposite 
point. 

60UNTER-POISE, v. t. [Fr. contrepeser.] 1. To counter- 
balance ; to weigh against with equal weight ; to be equi- 
ponderant to ; to equal in weight. 2. To act against with 
equal power or effect ; to balance. 

COUNTER-POISE, n. [Fr. contrepoids.] 1. Equal weight 
acting in opposition to something ; equiponderance ; a 
weight sufficient to balance another in the opposite scale ; 
equal balance. 2. Equal power or force acting in oppo- 
sition ; a force sufficient to balance another force ; equi- 
pollence. — 3. In the manege, a position of the rider in 
which his body is duly balanced in his seat, not inclined 
more to one side than the other. 

COUNTER-POIS.ED, pp. Balanced by an equivalent op- 
posing weight, or by equal power. 

COUNTER-POIS-ING, ppr. or a. Balancing by equal weight 
in the opposite scale, or by equal power. 

COUNTER-POI-SON (-poi-zn), n. One poison that destroys 
the effect of another ; an antidote ; a medicine that obvi- 
ates the effects of poison. 

COUNTER-PRACTICE, n. Practice in opposition to an- 
other. 

COUNTER-PRESS-URE, n. Opposing pressure ; a force 
or pressure that acts in a contrary direction. 

€OUN'TER-PROJ-E€T, n. A project, scheme, or proposal 
of one party, given in opposition to another, before given 
by the other party. 

COUN'TER-PROOF, n. In engraving, a print taken off 
from another fresh printed, which, by being passed 
through the press, gives the figure of the former, but in- 
verted. 

COUNTER-PROVE, v. t. To take off a design in black 
lead or red chalk, by passing it through a rolling-press, 
with another piece of paper, both being moistened with 
a sponge. 

COUNTER-PROVED, pp. See the verb. 

COUNTER-PROV-ING, ppr. See the verb. 

COUNTER-RoLL, n. 1. In law, a counterpart or copy of 
the rolls, relating to appeals, inquests, <fcc. 2. As a verb, 
this word is contracted into control, which see. 

COUN-TER-ROL'MENT, n. A counter-account. 

COUNTER-SCaRF, n. The same with counterscarp. 

COUNTER-SCaRP, n. [Fr. contrescarpe.] In fortification, 
the exterior talus or slope of the ditch, or the talus that 
supports the earth of the covered way ; but it often signi- 
fies the whole covered way, with its parapet and glacis. 

COUNTER-SEAL, v. t. To seal with another. 

COUNTER-SeAL-ED, pp. Sealed with another. 

€OUN'TER-SeAL-ING, ppr. Sealing with another. 

•COUNTER-SENSE, n. Opposite meaning.— Howell. 

€OUNTER-SlGN (-sine), v. t. Literally, to sign on the op- 
posite side of an instrument or writing ; hence, to sign, as 
secretary or other subordinate officer, a writing signed by 
a principal or superior, to attest the authenticity of the 
writing. 

COUNTER-SIGN, n. 1. A private signal, word, or phrase, 
given to soldiers on guard, with orders to let no man pass 
unless he first names that sign; a military watch-word. 
2. The signature of a secretary or other subordinate offi- 
cer, to a writing signed by the principal or superior, to 
attest its authenticity. 

€OUNTER-SIG-NAL, n. A signal to answer or correspond 
to another ; [a naval term.] 

€OUNTER-SiGNjED (-sind), pp. Signed by a secretary or 
other subordinate officer. 

COUNTER-SlGN-ING, ppr. Attesting by the signature of 
a subordinate officer. 

COUNTER-SINK, v. t. To drill a conical depression in 
wood or metal, as in a hole for a screw. 

COUNTER-SINK, n. A drill for countersinking. 

COUNTER-SINK-ING, ppr. See the verb. 

COUNTER-SNARL, n. Snarl in defense or opposition. 

COUNTER-STROKE, n. A contrary stroke ; a stroke re- 
turned. 

COUNTER-SUNK, pp. See the verb. 

COUNTER-SWAY, n. Contrary sway ; opposite influence. 

COUNTER-TAL-LY, n. A tally corresponding to another. 

COUNTER-TaSTE, n. Opposite or false taste. 

COUNTER-TEN'OR, \ n. In music, one of the middle parts, 

COUNTER, 5 between the tenor and the treble ; 

high tenor. 

COUNTER-TIDE, n. Contrary tide. 

COUNTER-TlME, n. 1. In the manege, the defense or re- 
sistance of a horse, that interrupts his cadence and the 
measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman or 
the bad temper of the horse. 2. Resistance ; opposition. 



COUNTER-TURN. n. The height of a play, which puts an 
end to expectation. 

COUNTER- VaIL', v. t. To act against with equal force or 
power ; to equal ; to act with equivalent effect against any 
thing ; to balance ; to compensate. 

COUNTER-VaIL, n. Equal weight or strength; power or 
value sufficient to obviate any effect ; equal weight or 
value; compensation; requital. 

COUN-TER-VAIL.ED' (koun-ter-vald'), pp. Acted against 
with equal force or power ; balanced ; compensated. 

COUN-TER-VAILTNG, ppr. or a. Opposing with equal 
strength or value ; balancing ; obviating an effect. 

COUNTER- VIEW (koun'ter-vu), n. 1. An opposite or op- 
posing view ; opposition ; a posture in which two persona 
front each other. 2. Contrast; a position in which two 
dissimilar things illustrate each other by opposition. 

COUNTER-VoTE, v. t. To vote in opposition ; to outvote. 
— Scott. 

COUNTER-WEIGH (-wa), v. t. To weigh against ; to coun. 
ter-balance. — Ascham. 

COUNTER-WHEEL, v. t. To cause to wheel in an oppo- 
site direction. 

COUNTER-WHEEL-ING, ppr. Causing to move in an 
opposite direction. 

COUNTER- WIND, n. Contrary wind. 

COUN-TER-W6RK', v. t. To work in opposition to ; to 
counteract ; to hinder any effect by contrary operations. 
— Burke. 

€OUN-TER-W6RK'ING (-wurk'ing), ppr. Working in op- 
position; counteracting. 

COUNTER-WROUGHT' (koun-ter-rawtf), pp. Counter- 
acted ; opposed by contrary action. 

COUNTESS, n. [Fr. comtesse.] The consort of an earl or 
count. 

COUNTING, n. The act of computing or reckoning. 

COUNTING, ppr. Numbering; reckoning. 

COUNTING-HOUSE, \n. The house or room appropri- 

COUNTING-ROOM, J ated by merchants, traders, and 
manufacturers to the business of keeping their books, ac- 
counts, letters, and papers. 

COUNT'LESS, a. That can not be counted ; not having the 
number ascertained, nor ascertainable ; innumerable. 

C6UNTRI-FI.ED (kun'tre-flde), a. Rustic; rural; having 
the appearance and manners of the country. — Todd. — 
Rich. Diet. 

COUNTRY (kun'try), 7i. [Fr. contree.] 1. Properly, the land 
lying about or near a city; the territory situated in the 
vicinity of a city. 2. The whole territory of a kingdom 
or state, as opposed to city. 3. Any tract of land, or in- 
habited land ; any region, as distinguished from other re- 
gions ; a kingdom, state, or less district. 4. The kingdom, 
state, or territory in which one is born ; the land of nativ- 
ity, or the particular district, indefinitely, in which one is 
born. 5. The region in which one resides. 6. Land, as 
opposed to water ; or, inhabited territory. 7. The inhabi- 
tants of a region. 8. A place of residence ; a region of 
permanent habitation. — 9. In law, a jury or jurors ; as. 
trial by the country. 

COUNTRY (kun'try), a. 1. Pertaining to the country or 
territory at a distance from a city ; rural ; rustic. 2. Per- 
taining or peculiar to one's own country. 3. Rude ; ig- 
norant. 

C6UNTRY DANCE, n. [Fr. contre danse.] A dance in 
which the partners are arranged opposite to each other, 
in lines. Originally, and properly, contra dance. 

COUNTRY SeAT, n. A dwelling in the country, used as a 
place of retirement from the city. 

C6UNTRY-MAN, n. 1. One born in the same country with 
another. 2. One who dwells in the country, as opposed 
to a citizen ; a rustic ; a farmer or husbandman ; a man 
of plain, unpolished manners. 3. An inhabitant or native 
of a region. 

COUNTY, n. [Fr. comte.] 1. Originally, an earldom ; the 
district or territory of a count or earl. Now, a circuit or 
particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from 
the rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the admin- 
istration of justice. It is called, also, a shire. [See Shire. 
2. A count; an earl or lord. Shah.; [obs.] — County pala- 
tine, in England, is a county distinguished by particular 
privileges. — County corporate is a county invested with 
particular privileges by charter or royal grant, as London, 
York, Bristol, &c. 

COUNTY, a._ Pertaining to a county ; as, county court. 

COUNTY CoURT, n. A court whose jurisdiction is limit- 
ed to a county. 

COUNTY TOWN, n. That town where the various courts 
of a county are held. — In the Western States, it is improp- 
erly called a county seat. 

■CoUP-DE-GRACE' (koo-de-grass'), n. [Fr.] Literally, the 
stroke of mercy, by which an executioner ends the fife ani 
suffering of one on the rack ; hence, the finishing stroke. 

■CoUP-D'E-Ta'T' (koo-da-ta'), n. [Fr.] A sudden, decisive 
blow in politics ; a stroke of policy. 



St/?wpa 



A. K, I. <fec, long.— a, E, 1 &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



coo 



239 



cou 



V6UP-DE-MAIN' (koo-de-mangO, n. [Fr.] A military ex- 
pression, denoting an instantaneous, unexpected, and gen- 
erally desperate attack. 

€6UP-DE-SO-LEIL' (koo-de-so-lale'), n. [Fr.] A stroke of 
the sun. 

€6UP-D'CEIL' (koo-daleO, n. [Fr.] The first view of any 
thing ; a slight view of it. 

€6U-PE' (koo-pa/), n. [Fr.] The front part of a French dil- 
igence or stage-coach, being a small apartment like a 
chariot, with a single seat for three persons. 

COU-PEE' (koo-pee')i n. [Fr. couper.] A motion in danc- 
ing, when one leg is a little bent and suspended from the 
ground, and with the other a motion is made forward. 

€6UP'ING -GLASS. See Cupping-glass. 

COUP'LA-BLE (kupla-bl), a. Fit to be coupled with.— 
Cotgrave. 

COUP'LE (kup'pl), n. [Fr. couple.] 1. Two of the same 
species or kind, and near in place, or considered together. 

2. Two things of any kind connected or linked together. 

3. A male and female connected by marriage, betrothed, 
or allied. 4. That which links or connects two things 
together ; a chain. — Syn. Pair ; brace. 

COUP LE, v. t. [Fr. coupler.] 1. To link, chain, or connect 
one thing with another ; to sew or fasten together. 2. To 
marry ; to wed : to unite, as husband and wife. 

COUP'LE, v. i. To embrace, as the sexes. — Drydcn. 

COUP'LE-BEG'GAR, n. One who makes it his business to 
marry beggars to each other. — Swift. 

COUP'LJT) (kup'pld), pp. or a. United, as two things ; 
linked ; married. — Coupled columns, in architecture, col- 
umns arranged in pairs, half a diameter apart. 

€6UP'LE-MENT (kup'pl-ment), n. Union.— Spenser. 

COUP'LET (kup'plet), n. [Fr.J 1. Two verses ; a pair of 
rhymes. 2. A division of a hymn or ode in which an 
equal number or equal measure of verses is found in each 
part, called a strophe. 3. A pair. — Shak. ; [not used.] 

CoUP'LING, ppr. Uniting in couples ; fastening or con- 
necting together ; embracing. 

€6UP'LING r n. 1. That which couples or connects; a hook, 
chain, or bar ; as, the coupling of a rail-road car. 2. The 
act of coupling. 

€0UP'LING-BOX, n. In machinery, something that perma- 
nently connects two shafts ; usually, a tube or cylinder, 
with a bolt passed through each shaft. 

COUP'LING-PIN (kup'pling-), n. A pin used for joining or 
coupling together rail-road cars and other machinery. 

COUPON (koo'pong), n. [Fr.] An interest certificate printed 
at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, rail-road. &c.) 
given for a term of years. There are as many of these 
certificates as there are payments of interest to be made. 
At each time of payment one is cut off (hence its name, 
coupon, a cut off) and presented for payment. 

COURAGE (kur'raje), n. [Fr., Sp. corage; It. coraggio.] 
That quality of mind which enables men to encounter 
danger and difficulties with firmness, or without fear or 
depression of spirits. — Syn. Bravery ; intrepidity ; valor ; 
boldness ; resolution ; fortitude ; firmness ; fearlessness ; 
daring ; enterprise ; hardihood. 

COUR'AgE (kur'raje), v. t. To encourage.— Huloet. 

COUR-a'GEOUS (kur-ra'jus), a. Bold to encounter diffi- 
culties and dangers. — Syn. Brave ; gallant ; daring ; val- 
iant ; valorous ; heroic ; intrepid ; fearless ; hardy ; stout ; 
adventurous ; enterprising. 

€0UR-a'gEOUS-LY, adv. With courage ; bravely ; boldly ; 
stoutly. 

COUR-X'GEOUS-NESS, n. Courage ; boldness ; bravery ; 
intrepidity ; spirit ; valor. 

•GoU-RaNT, \n. [Fr. courante.] 1. A piece of music in 

■GOU-PlaN'TO, j triple time ; also, a kind of dance, con- 
sisting of a time, a step, a balance, and a coupee. 2. The 
title of a newspaper, from its quick spreading. 

€0U-RAP', 7i. A distemper in the East Indies ; a kind of 
herpes or itch in the armpits, groins, breast, and face. 

t COURB, v. i. [Fr. courier.] To bend. 

t CoURB, a. Crooked. 

€oUR'BA-RIL, n. A resinous substance, anime, which 
flows from the hymencea, a tree of South America ; used 
for varnishing. 

* COU'RI-ER (koo're-er), n. [Fr. courier.] 1. A messenger 
sent express, for conveying letters or dispatches, usually 
on public business. 2. The name of a newspaper. 
COURSE, n. [Fr. course.] 1. In its general sense, a passing ; 
a moving, or motion forward, in a direct or curving fine ; 
applicable to any body or substance, solid or fluid. — Ap- 
plied to animals, a running, or walking ; a race ; a career ; 
a passing, or passage. — Applied to fluids, a flowing, as in a 
stream in any direction. — Applied to solid bodies, it signifies 
motion or passing. — Applied to navigation, it signifies a 
passing or motion on water, or in balloons in air ; a voy- 
age. 2. The direction of motion ; fine of advancing ; 
point of compass, in which motion is directed ; as, a ship's 
course. — In technical language, the angle contained be- 
tween the nearest meridian and that point of compass on 



which a ship sails in any direction. 3. Ground on whicn 
a race is run. 4. A passing or process ; the progress of 
any thing ; as, in the course of nature. 5. Order of pro- 
ceeding or of passing from an ancestor to an heir ; as, the 
course of descent. 6. Order ; turn ; class ; succession of 
one to another in office or duty ; as, the courses of the 
priests. — 2 Chron., viii. 7. Stated and orderly method of 
proceeding; usual manner ; as, the regular course of law 
8. Series of successive and methodical procedure; a train 
of acts, or applications ; as, benefited by a course of med- 
icine. 9. A methodical series, applied to the arts or sci- 
ences ; a systemized order of principles in arts or sciences. 
for illustration or instruction ; as. a course of lectures. 10. 
Manner of proceeding ; way of life or conduct ; deport- 
ment ; series of actions ; as, " that I might finish my course 
with joy." — Acts, xx. 11. Line of conduct; manner of 
proceeding ; as, this course will be safe. 12. Natural bent , 
propensity ; uncontrolled will. 13. Tilt ; act of running 
in the fists. 14. Orderly structure ; system. 15. Any 
regular series. — In architecture, a continued range of 
6tones, level or of the same height, throughout the whole 
length of the building, and not interrupted by any aper- 
ture. A laying of bricks, &c. 16. The dishes set on table 
at one time ; service of meat. 17. Regularity ; order ; 
regular succession ; as, to follow in a regular course. 18. 
Empty form ; as, these were mere words of course. — Of 
course, by consequence ; in regular or natural order ; in 
the common manner of proceeding ; without special di- 
rection or provision. — Syn. Way ; road ; route ; passage ; 
race ; series ; succession ; manner ; method ; mode. 

COURSE, v. t. 1. To hunt ; to pursue ; to chase. 2. To 
cause to run ; to force to move with speed. 3. To run 
through or over ; as, the steed courses the fields ; the fiery 
blood courses his veins. 

COURSE, v. i. To run ; to move with speed ; to run or 
move about ; as, the blood courses. 

C0URS.ED (korst), pp. Hunted; chased; pursued; caused 
to run. 

CoURS'ER, n. 1. A swift horse ; a runner ; a war-horse. 
— Dryden ; [a word used chiefly in poetry.] 2. One who 
hunts ; one who pursues the sport of coursing hares. 3. 
An order of birds with short wings, and which move 
chiefly by running, as the ostrich. 4. A disputant ; [not 
in use.] 

COURS'ES, n. pi. 1. In a ship, the principal sails, as the 
main-sail, fore-sail, and mizen ; sometimes the name is 
given to the stay-sails on the lower masts ; also, to the 
main-stay-sails of all brigs and schooners. 2. Catamenia ; 
menstrual flux. 

COURS'EY, n. Part of the hatches in a galley. 

CoURS'ING, ppr. Hunting ; chasing ; running ; flowing ; 
compelling to run. 

CoURS'ING, n. The act or sport of chasing and hunting 
hares, foxes, or deer. 

COURT, n. [Sax. curt; Fr. cour; It., Sp. cortc.) 1. An un- 
covered area before or behind a house, or in its center, 
and, in the latter case, usually surrounded on all sides by 

' the building; in popular language, a court-yard. 2. A 
space inclosed by houses, broader than a street ; or a 
space forming a kind of recess from a public street. 3. A 
palace ; the place of residence of a king or sovereign 
prince. 4. The hall, chamber, or place where justice is 
administered. 5. Persons who compose the retinue or 
council of a king or emperor. 6. The persons or judges 
assembled for hearing and deciding causes, civil, criminal, 
military, naval, or ecclesiastical. 7. Any jurisdiction, civil, 
military, or ecclesiastical. 8. The art of pleasing ; the art 
of insinuation ; civility ; flattery ; address to gain favor ; 
as, to pay court. — 9. In Scripture, an inclosed part of the 
entrance into a palace or house. The tabernacle had one 
court; the temple three.— 10. In the United States, a legis- 
lature consisting of two houses ; as, the General Court of 
Massachusetts. 11. A session of the legislature. 

COURT, v. t. 1. In a general sense, to endeavor to please by 
civilities and address. 2. To solicit for marriage. 3. To 
attempt to gain by address ; as, to court one's favor. — Syn. 
To flatter ; woo ; solicit ; seek. 

COURT, v. i. To act the courtier ; to imitate the manners 
of the court. 

COURT'-BAR'ON n. A baron's court ; a court incident to 
a manor. 

COURT'-BRED, a. Bred at court.— Churchill. 

COURT-BB.EED-ING, n. Education at a court— Milton. 

COURT'-BUB'BLE, n. The trifle of a court. — Beaumont ana 
Fletcher. 

COURT-CARD. See Coat-card. 

COURT-CHAP'LAIN, n. A chaplain to a king or prince. 

CoURT'-CUP'BOARD, n. The sideboard of ancient days. 

COURT'-DaY, n. A day in which a court sits to administei 
justice. 

COURT-DRESS, n. A dress suitable for an appearance aJ 
court or levee. 

COURT'-DRESS'ER, n. A flatterer.— Locke. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH; TH as in this., t Obsolete. 



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240 



cov 



CoURT'-FASH-ION, n. The fashion of a court. 
GoURT'-Fa-VOR, n. A favor or benefit bestowed by a 

court or prince. — L'Estrange. 
GoURT'-HAND, n. The hand or manner of writing used 

in records and judicial proceedings. — Shak. 
GoURT'-HOUSE, n. A house in which established courts 

are held, or a house appropriated to courts and public 

meetings.— America. 
GSURT-La-DY, n. A lady who attends or is conversant 

in court. 
CoURT'-LEET, n. A court of record held once a year in 

a particular hundred, lordship, or manor, before the stew- 
ard of the leet. 
CoURT'-MARTIAL, n. ; pi. Courts -Martial. A court 

consisting oi military or naval officers, for the trial of 

offenses of a military or naval character. 
CoURT'-PLXS'TER, n. Sticking plaster made of black 

silk, with some adhesive substance on one side, com- 
monly gum benzoin. 
CoURT-YaRD, n. A court or inclosure round a house. 
CoURT'ED, pp. Flattered ; wooed ; solicited in marriage ; 

sought. 
*€6URT'E-OUS (kurfe-us), a. [Fr. courtois.} Exhibiting 

courtesy ; of kind and polished deportment. — Syn. Polite ; 

well-bred ; civil ; obliging ; condescending ; complaisant ; 

urbane ; affable ; conciliating ; attentive ; respectful. 

* G6URT'E-OUS-LY, adv. In a courteous manner ; with 

obliging civility and condescension ; complaisantly. 

* C6URT'E-OUS-NESS, n. Civility of manners ; obliging 

condescension ; complaisance. 

CoURT'ER, n. One who courts ; one who solicits in mar- 
riage. — Sherwood. 

C6URTE-SAN (kurte-zan), n. [Fr. courtisane.} A prosti- 
tute ; a woman who prostitutes herself for hire, especially 
to men of rank. 

GoURT'E-SY (kurfe-sy), n. [Fr. courtoisie.] 1. Politeness 
of manners ; especially politeness connected with kind- 
ness and some degree of dignity. 2. An act of civility or 
respect ; an act of kindness or favor performed with po- 
liteness. 3. A favor ; as, to hold upon courtesy. — Tenure 
by courtesy, or curtesy, is where a man marries a woman 
seized of an estate of inheritance, and has by her issue 
born alive, which was capable of inheriting her estate ; in 
this case, on the death of his wife, he holds the lands for 
his life, as tenant by courtesy. — Syn. Urbanity ; civility ; 
complaisance ; condescension ; affability ; courteousness ; 
elegance ; good-breeding. 

GoURTE'SY (kurfsy), n. The act of civility, respect, or 
reverence performed by a woman. 

GoURTE'SY (kurfsy), v. i. To perform an act of civility, 
respect, or reverence, as a woman. 

\ €6URT'E-SY. v. t. To treat with civility. 

G6URTE'SY-ING, ppr. Making an act of civility or respect, 
as females. 

GoURT'IER (korte'yur), n. 1. A man who attends or fre- 
quents the courts of vrmces.-^-Dryden. 2. One who courts 
or solicits the favor of another ; one who flatters to please ; 
one who possesses the art of gaining favor by address and 
complaisance. 

t GoURT'IER- Y, n. The manners of a courtier. 

G6URTINE. See Curtain. 

GoURT'ING, ppr. Flattering; attempting to gain by ad- 
dress; wooing ; soliciting in marriage. 

GoURT'ING, n. The act of paying court ; the act of solicit- 
ing in marriage. 

GoURTLIKE, a. Polite ; elegant— Camden. 

GoURT'LI-NESS, n. Elegance of manners ; grace of mien ; 
civility ; complaisance with dignity. 

GoURT'LING, n. A courtier ; a retainer to a court. 

GoURT'LY, a. Relating to a court ; elegant ; polite with 
dignity • flattering. — Tope. 

GoURT'LY, adv. In the manner of courts ; elegantly ; in a 
flaticrins' manner. 

COURTSHIP, n. 1. The act of soliciting favor. 2. The act 
of wooing in love ; solicitation of a woman to marriage. 
3. Civility ; elegance of manners ; [obs.] 

GoUS'/N (kuz'n), n. [Fr. cousin.] 1. In a general sense, 
one collaterally related more remotely than a brother or 
sister. — 2. Appropriately, the son or daughter of an uncle 
or aunt ; the children of brothers and sisters being usually 
denominated cousins, or cousin-germans (from germanus, 
of the same stock.) In the second generation, they are 
called second cousins. 3. A title given by a king to a no- 
bleman, particularly to those of the council. 

G6US'7N (kuz'n), a. Allied.— Chaucer. 

G6US7N-LY (kuz'n-le), a. Like or becoming a cousin. 

GoUS'SI-NET (koos'i-net), n. [Fr., a cushion.'] In architect- 
ure, a stone placed on the impost of a pier for receiving 
the first stone of an arch. Also, that part of the Ionic cap- 
ital, between the abacus and quarter round, which serves 
to form the volute. 

GoUTH, a. Acquainted; familiar. [Obs.] See Uncouth. 

GoU-TF.AU' (koo-to'), n. [Fr., a knife.] A hanger. 



GoVE, n. [Sax. cof, cofe.] A small inlet, creek, or bay , a 
recess in the sea-shore, where vessels and boats may 
sometimes be sheltered from the winds and waves. 

GoVE, v. t. To arch over. — Swinburne. 

t G6VE-NA-BLE, a. [Old Fr.] Fit ; suitable.— Wickliffe. 

G6 VE-NANT (kuv'e-nant), n. [Fr. convenant.] 1. A mutual 
consent or agreement of two or more persons to do or to 
forbear some act or thing ; a contract ; stipulation. 2. A. 
writing containing the terms of agreement or contract be- 
tween parties, or the clause of agreement in a deed con- 
taining the covenant. — 3. In church affairs, a solemn agree- 
ment between the members of a church that they will 
walk together according to the precepts of the Gospel, in 
brotherly affection. — Syn. Agreement ; contract ; com- 
pact ; bargain ; arrangement ; stipulation. 

GoVE-NANT, v. i. To enter into a formal agreement ; to 
bind one's self by contract.— Syn. To agree ; contract • 
bargain ; stipulate. 

G6VE-NANT, v. t. To grant or pronuse by covenant. 

G6VE-NANT-ED, pp. or a. Pledged or promised by cot- 
enant. 

G6V-E-NANT-EE', n. The person to whom a covenant is 
made. 

C6VE-NANT-ER, n. 1. He who makes a covenant. 2. A 
subscriber to the Scottish national covenant in the reign 
of Charles I. Also, one of the Scotch seceders, who, in 
1743, renewed the same covenant. — J. Murdoch. 

G6VE-NANT-ING. ppr. Making a covenant ; stipulating. 

G6VEN-OUS. See Covin and Covinous. 

G6 VENT, n. [Old Fr. covent, for convent. Covent Garden 
is supposed to mean a garden that belonged to a convent.] 
A convent or monastery. — Bale. 

GOVEN-TRY, n. To send to Coventry, denotes, among mili- 
tary men, to exclude from the society of the mess, to shut 
out from all social intercourse, for conduct regarded as 
mean or ungentlemanly. — Grose. [The phrase has been 
traced to the times of Charles I., though with great doubt 
as to its origin. The following facts, mentioned by Bax- 
ter, may perhaps explain it. Coventry was a strong-held 
of the Puritans, and, at the commencement of the troubles, 
many of this despised sect in the neighboring country, 
" that would fain have lived quietly at home, were forced 
(by the Royalists) to be gone, and to Coventry they came." 
Hence the phrase, to send to Coventry, may have been 
handed down from the Cavaliers to military men, and ob 
tained its present application. — Ed.] 

GOVEN-TRY BLUE, n. Blue thread of a very superioi 
dye, made at Coventry, Eng., and used for embroidering. 
— Ben Jonson. — Toone. 

C6VER (kuv'er), v. t. [Fr. couvrir.] 1. To overspread the 
surface of a thing with another substance ; to lay or set 
over. 2. To conceal by something overspread. 3. To 
conceal by some intervening object ; as, they were covered 
by woods. 4. To clothe. 5. To overwhelm ; as, to cover 
with shame. 6. To conceal from notice or punishment ; 
as, to cover the failings of a friend. 7. To conceal ; to re- 
frain from disclosing or confessing ; as, to cover one's sins. 
8. To pardon or remit ; as, " Blessed is he whose sin is 
covered." 9. To vail. 10. To wrap, infold, or envelop ; as, 
to cover a parcel of goods. 11. To shelter ; to protect ; to 
defend ; as, the reserve covered the retreat. 12. To brood ; 
to incubate. 13. To copulate with a female. 14. To equal, 
or be of equal extent ; to be equivalent to ; as, this covers 
all charges ; [a mercantile use.] 15. To disguise ; to con- 
ceal hypocritically ; as, to cover one's designs. 16. To in- 
clude, embrace, or comprehend ; as, this property is cov- 
ered by a mortgage. — Syn. To shelter ; screen ; shield 
hide ; overspread. 

G6VER, n. 1. Any thing which is laid, set, or spread over 
another thing. 2. Any thing which vails or conceals ; a 
screen ; disguise ; superficial appearance. 3. Shelter ; de- 
fense ; protection. 4. Concealment and protection. — 5. In 
hunting, the woods, underbrush, &c, which shelter and 
conceal game ; shelter ; retreat. 

GOVER-SHIME, n. Something used to conceal infamy. 

G6VER-SLUT, n. Something to hide sluttishness.— Burke 

t G6VER-CHIKF, n. A covering for the head.— Chaucer. 

G6VER-GLE, n. [Fr.] A small cover ; a lid. 

C6VER.ED, pp. or a. Spread over ; hid ; concealed ; vailed ; 
clothed ; having a hat on ; wrapped ; inclosed ; sheltered ; 
protected ; disguised. 

GoVER-ER, n. He or that which covers. 

G6VER-ING, ppr. Spreading over ; laying over ; conceal- 
ing ; vailing ; clothing ; wrapping ; inclosing ; protecting ; 
disguising. 

C6VER-ING, n. That which covers ; any thing spread or 
laid over another, whether for security or concealment. — 
Syn. Envelope ; wrapper ; integument ; case ; lid ; cov- 
er ; clothing'; raiment ; vesture ; garments ; dress ; bed- 
clothes. 

G6 VER-LET, n. [cover, and Fr. lit.] The cover of a bed ; a 
piece of furniture designed to be. spread over all the other 
covering of a bed. 



See 



urpsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a. E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE. BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



cow 



241 



coz 



€6 VERT (kuv'ert), a. [Fr. couvert.) 1. Covered ; private ; 
hid; secret; concealed. 2. Disguised; insidious. 3. Shel- 
tered; not open or exposed. — Pope. 4. Under cover, au- 
thority, or protection ; as, a feme-covcrl, a reamed woman. 

GO VERT, n. 1. A covering, or covering place ; a place 
which covers and shelters ; a shelter ; a defense. 2. A 
thicket ; a shady place, or a hiding place. 3. A term ap- 
plied to feathers of different sizes on or under the wings 
of birds. — Brande. 

GOVERT-WaY, n. In fortification, a space of ground level 
with the field, on the edge of the ditch, three or four fath- 
oms broad, ranging quite round the half moons or other 
works, toward the country. 

G6VERT-LY, adv. Secretly ; closely ; in private ; insidi- 
ously. 

COVERT-NESS, n. Secrecy ; privacy. 

COVERTURE (kuv'ert-yur), n. 1. Covering; shelter; de- 
fense. — 2. In law, the state of a married woman, who is 
considered as under cover, or the power of her husband, 
and therefore called a feme-covert, or femme-couvert. 

GO VET (kuv'et), v. t. [Fr. cenvoiter.] 1. To desire or wish 
for with eagerness ; to desire earnestly to obtain or pos- 
sess ; [in a good sense ; as, " covet earnestly the best gifts." 
-1 Cot., xii. ; less used.] 2. To desire inordinately ; to 
desire that which it is unlawful to obtain or possess ; [in 
a bad sense.] — Syn. To long for ; desire ; hanker after. 

G6VET, v. i. To have an earnest desire. — 1 Tim., vi. 

COVET-A-BLE, a. That may be coveted. 

CO VET-ED, pp. or a. Earnestly desired ; greatly wished 
or longed for. 

G6VETVER, n. One who covets. 

G6VET-ING, ppr. Earnestly desiring or wishing for ; de- 
siring inordinately to obtain or possess. 

COVET-ING, n. Inordinate desire.— Shak. 

COVET-ING-LY, adv. With eager desire to possess. 

rGOVET-lSE, n. Avarice.— Spenser. 
COVET-OUS (kuv'et-us), a. [Fr. convoiteux.] 1. Very de- 
sirous ; eager to obtain ; [in a good sense ; as, covetous of 
wisdom. — Taylor.] 2. Inordinately desirous ; excessively 
eager to obtain and possess ; directed to money or goods, 
avaricious. 

COVET-OUS-LY, adv. With a strong or inordinate de- 
sire to obtain and possess ; eagerly ; avariciously. 
C6VET-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A strong or inordinate desire 
of money or gain. 2. Strong desire of possessing some 
supposed good. — Sliak. ; [in a neutral sense.] — Syn. Ava- 
rice ; cupidity ; eagerness. 

COVEY (kuv'y), n, [Fr. couvee.] 1. A brood or hatch of 
birds ; an old. bird with her brood of young. Hence, a 
small flock or number of birds together ; [applied to game.] 
2. A company ; a set. 

GOVIN (kuv'in), n. In law, a collusive or deceitful agree- 
ment between two or more persons to prejudice a third. 

Go'VING, n. The projection of the upper stories of houses 
over the lower ones ; formerly a prevalent style of building. 

COVIN-OUS (kuv'in-us),a. Deceitful: collusive; fraudulent. 

GOW, n. ; pi. Cows; old pi. Kine. [Sax. cu ; D. hoe.] The 
female of the bovine genus of animals ; a quadruped with 
cloven hoofs, whose milk furnishes an abundance of food 
and profit to the farmer. — Sea-cow, the manatee, a cetace- 
ous herbivorous mammal. 

GOW, v. t. To impress with fear ; to sink the spirits or 
courage ; to oppress with habitual timidity. — Syn. To de- 
press ; discourage ; dishearten. 

GOW-BaNE, n. A name of the cicuta, a genua of poison- 
ous aquatic plants, often destructive to cattle. 

COW-HERD, n. One whose occupation is to tend cows. 

COW-HOUSE, n. A house or building in which cows are 
kept or stabled. — Mortimer. 

GOW-KEEP-ER, n. One whose business is to keep cows. 

COW-LEECH, 7i. One who professes to heal the diseases 
of cows 

GOW-LEECH-ING, n. The act or art of healing the dis- 
tempers of cows. — Mortimer. 

COW-PaRS-NEP, n. A plant of the genus heracleum ; the 
wild parsnep. 

GOW-PEN, n. A pen for cows. 

COW-POX, n. The vaccine disease. 

COW-QUaKES, 7i. Quaking grass, the briza, a genus of 
plants. 

GOWS'-LUNGWORT, n. A plant of the genus rerbascum. 

COW-TREE, n [Sp. palo de vaca.] A tree of South Amer- 
ica, which produces a nourishing milky fluid. — Humboldt. 

COW-WEED, 7i. A plant of the genus clicerophyllum, or 
chervil. 

GOW-WHeAT, n. A plant of the genus melompyrum. 

COWARD, n. [Fr. couard.] 1. A person who wants coxxr- 
age to meet danger ; a timid or pusillanimous man. — 2. In 
"heraldry, a term" given to a lion borne in the escutcheon 
with his tail doubled between his legs. — Syn. Poltroon ; 
craven ; dastard. 

GOWARD, a. 1. Destitute of courage ; timid ; base. 2. 
Proceeding from or expressive of fear, or timidity. — Shak. 



t COWARD, v. t. To make timorous or ccwardly. 

COWARD-I.lKE, a. Resembling a coward , mean. 

COWARD-ICE, n. [Fr. couardise.] Want of courage to 
face danger ; timidity ; pusillanimity ; fear of exposing 
one's person to danger. 

t COWARD-lZE, v. t. To render cowardly.— Scoti. 

COWARD-lZED, pp. Rendered cowardly. 

COWARD-lZ-ING. ppr. Rendering cowardly. 

CO WARD-LI-NESS, n. Want of courage ; timidity ; cow- 
ardice. 

COWARD-LY, a. 1. Wanting courage to face danger. 2 
Befitting a coward ; as. a cowardly act 3. Proceeding 
from fear of danger. — Syn. Timid; fearful; timorous 
dastardly ; pusillanimous ; recreant ; craven ; faint-heart 
ed ; chicken-hearted ; mean ; base. 

COWARD-LY, adv. In the manner of a coward ; meanly 
basely. 

t COWARD-OUS, a. Cowardly.— Barret. 

t COWARD-SHIP, n. Cowardice.- Shak. 

COWED, a. Dispirited ; crashed. 

COWER, v. i. [W. cwrian.] To sink by bending the knees 
to crouch ; to shrink through fear. 

t COWER, v. t. To cherish with care.— Spenser. 

COWERED, pp. Cherished with care. 

COWER-IN G, ppr. or a. Bending down ; crouching ; tim- 
orous. 

COWHAGE, In. A leguminous plant, a native of warm 

COW-ITCH, ) climates, having pods with hairs, causing 
an intolerable itching. A sirup made from these pods 
has been used as a vermifuge. 

COWHIDE, n. 1. The hide of a cow, made or to be made 
into leather. 2. A coarse riding whip, made of stiff cow- 
hide, twisted. 

COWHIDE, v. t. To beat or whip with a cowhide. [Am.] 

COWHlD-ING, n. A beating with a cowhide. [Am.] 

COWING, ppr. Depressing with fear. 

GOWISH, a. Timorous ; fearful ; cowardly. [Little used.] 

COWL, 7i. [Sax. cugle, cugele.] 1. A monk's hood or habit. 
2. A vessel to be carried on a pole between two persons 
for the conveyance of water. 

COWL'-STaFF, n. A staff or pole on which a vessel is 
supported between two persons. 

COWLED (kowld), a. Wearing a cowl ; hooded ; in shape 
of a cowl. 

COWLICK, n. A tuft of hair turned up over the fore- 
head, as if licked by a cow. — Forby. 

GOWLlKE, a. Resembling a cow. — Pope. 

€O-W0RK'ER (-wurk'er), n. One who works with another; 
a co-operator. 

COWRY, 7i. A small shell, which passes as money in India 
and large portions of Africa, at about 8000 for a dollar. 

COWSLIP, n. A plant of the genus primula, or prim- 
rose, of several varieties. 

COX'CoMB (-kom), v. [cock's comb.] 1. The top of the 
head. 2. The comb resembling that of a cock, whicfl. 
licensed fools wore formerly in their caps , also, the cap 
itself. 3. A fop ; a vain, showy fellow ; a superficial pre- 
tender to knowledge or accomplishments. 4. A kincB of 
red flower ; a name given to a species of celosia, and some 
other plants. 

t €OX'€oMB-LY, a. Like a coxcomb. — Beaumont an&Fl. 

COX'€oMB-RY (-kom-ry), n. The manners of a coxcomb , 
foppishness. — Lady W. Montague. 

€OX-€OM'IC-AL, a. Foppish; vain; conceited. [A lou> 
word.] 

COY, a. [Fr. coi. or coy.] Not accessible, not e&sily.conde 
scending to familiarity. — Syn. Shrinking; sky; distant 
reserved; modest; bashful; backward. 

COY, v. i. 1. To behave with reserve ; to be silent or dis- 
tant; to refrain from speech or free intercourse. 2. To 
make difficulty ; to be backward or unwilling ; not freely 
to condescend. 3. To smooth or stroke. 

t€OY, for decoy, to allure.— Shak. 

COYTSH, a. Somewhat coy, or reserved. 

COY'LY, adv. With reserve ; with disinclination to fami. 
iarity. 

COY'NESS, n. Unwillingness to become familiar ; disposi 
tion to avoid free intercourse, by silence or retirement.— 
— Syn. Reserve ; shrinking ; shyness ; backwardness ; 
modesty; bashfulness. 

COYS'TREL, 72. A species of degenerate hawk. 

COZ. A contraction of cousin. — Shak. 

COZ'EN (kuz'n), v. t. [qu. Arm. couqzyein, couchiein, conr 
cheza.] 1. To cheat ; to defraud. 2. To deceive ; to bo 
guile. 

GOZ'EN-AOE (kuz'n-aj), n. Cheat; tricK; fraud; deceit{ 
artifice ; the practice of cheating. — Dryden. 

COZ' EN ED, pp. Cheated; defrauded; beguiled. 

COZ'EN-ER, 7i. One who cheats, or defrauds. 

€0Z'EN-1NG, ppr. Cheating ; defrauding ; beguiling. 

Cd'ZIER. See Cosier. 

€o'ZI-LY, adv. Snugly ; comfortably.— W. Irving. 

Co'ZY, a. 1. Snug; comfortable.— W. Irving. 2. Talker 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIC'tjS -G as K , as J; S as Z ; cH as SH; TH as inthis. < t Obsolete. 
Q 



OKA 



242 



CRA 



bve ; engaged in familiar and lively conversation ; as, a 
cozy couple. In this sense, which is given hy Halloway as 
provincial in England, the word is still occasionally heard 
in New England. 

BRAB, n. [Sax. crabba.] 1. An animal of the class Crustacea, 
having the whole body covered by a crust-like shell. Crabs 
differ from lobsters and shrimps, in having the tail very 
small, and concealed at all times under the body. 2. A 
wild apple, or the tree producing it, so named from its 
rouuh taste. 3. A peevish, morose person. 4. A species 
of crane, much used by masons for raising large stones. 
5. A wooden engine with three claws, for "launching ships 
and heaving them into the dock. 6. A pillar used some- 
times for the same purpose as a capstan. 7. Cancer, a 
sign in the zodiac. — Crab-lice, small insects that stick fast 
to the skin. 

CRAB, a. Sour ; rough ; austere. 

CRAB'-AP-PLE (-ap-pl), n. A wild apple. 

CRAB'-GRASS, ii. A genus of plants, the digitaria. 

CRAB'-TREE, n. The free that bears crab apples.— Skak. 

CRAB'-YAWS, n. The name of a disease hi the West In- 
dies. 

CRAB'BED, a. 1. Rough ; harsh ; austere ; sour ; peevish ; 
morose ; cynical — Shak. ; [applied to the temper.] 2. Rough ; 
harsh ; [applied to things.] 3. Difficult ; perplexing ; as, a 
crabbed business ; crabbed handwriting. 

€RAB'BED-LY, adv. Peevishly; roughly; morosely. 

GRAB'BED-NESS, n. 1. Roughness; harshness. 2. Sour- 
ness ; peevishness ; asperity. 3. Difficulty ; perplexity. 

CRAB'BY, a. Difficult.— Moxon. 

CRA'BER, n. The water-rat.— Walton. 

CRAB'S'-EyES (-Tze), n. pi. Concretions formed in the 
stomach of craw-fish, and used in medicine. 

CRACK, v. t. [Fr. craquer ; D. kraaken.] 1. To rend, break, 
or burst into chinks ; to break partially ; to divide the 
parts a little from each other. 2. To break or rend asun- 
der with a sharp, abrupt sound ; as, to crack a nut. 3. To 
produce a sharp, abrupt sound, like that of rending; to 
snap ; as, to crack a whip, or one's fingers. 4. To break 
with grief; to affect deeply; to pain; to torture; as, to 
crack the heartstrings. 5. To open and drink ; as, to crack 
a bottle of wine ; [low.] 6. To thrust out, or cast with 
smartness ; as, to crack a joke. 7. To impair the regular 
exercise of the intellectual faculties ; to disorder ; to make 
crazy ; as, to crack the brain. 

CRACK, v. i. 1. To burst; to split; to open in chinks; as, 
the earth cracks by frost; or to be marred without an 
opening. 2. To fall to ruin, or to be unpaired. — Dryden ; 
[not elegant.] 3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. 
4. To boast ; to brag ; that is, to utter vain, pompous, blus- 
tering words ; with of; as, " without cracking or boasting 
of our good deeds." — Church Homilies. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

CRACK, n. [Gr. payaS.] 1. A disruption ; a chink or fis- 
sure ; a narrow breach ; a crevice ; a partial separation 
of the parts of a substance, with or without an opening. 
2. A burst of sound ; a sharp or loud sound, uttered sud- 
denly or with vehemence ; tbe sound of any thing sudden- 
ly rent ; a violent report. 3. Change of voice in puberty. 
. — Shak. 4. Craziness of intellect; or a crazy person. 5. 
,A boast, or boaster; [low.] 6. Breach of chastity; and a 
rprostitute ; [low.] 7. A lad ; an instant ; [not used.] 

-CRACK, a. Of superior excellence ; having qualities to be 
boasted of. — Holloway. [A familiar or low word.] 

CRACK'-BRaIKED, a. Having intellects impaired ; crazy. 

CRACK'-HEMP, In. A wretch fated to the gallows ; one 

CRACK'-RoPE, ) who deserves to be hanged. 

CRACKED (krakt), pp. or a. 1. Burst or split ; rent ; brok- 
en ; partially severed. 2. Impaired ; crazy. 

CRACKER, n. 1. A noisy, boasting fellow.— Shak. 2. A 
firework ; a quantity of gunpowder confined so as to ex- 
plode with noise. 3. A hard biscuit. 4. That which cracks 
any thing ; as, a nut cracker. 

CRACKING, ppr. or a. Breaking or dividing partially; 
opening ; impairing ; snapping ; uttering a sudden, sharp, 
or loud sound ; boasting; casting jokes. 

CRACKING, n. A breaking or dividing; a sharp, abrupt 
sound. 

CRACK'LE (krakl), v. i. [dim. of crack.] To make slight 
cracks ; to make small, abrupt noises, rapidly or frequent- 
ly repeated ; to decrepitate. 

CRACK'LING, ppr. or a. Making slight cracks, or abrupt 
noises. 

CRACKLING, n. 1. The making of small, abrupt cracks or 
reports, frequently repeated. 2. The rind of roasted 
pork— Perry. 

CRACK'NEL, n. A hard, brittle cake or biscuit.— 1 Kings, 
xiv., 3. 

GRaTDLE, n. [Sax. cradei] 1. A movable machine, of vari- 
ous constructions, placed on curved pieces of board, for 
rocking children. 2. Infancy.— From the cradle, is from 
the state of infancy. 3. That part of the stock of a cross- 
bow where the bullet is put.— 4. In surgery, a case in 
which a broken leg is laid after being set.— 5. In ship- 



building, a frame placed under the bottom of a snip foi 
launching. 6. A standing bedstead for wounded seamen. 
— 7. In engraving, an instrument, formed of steel, and re- 
sembling a chisel, with one sloping side, used in scraping 
mezzotintos, and preparing the plate. Encyc. — 8. In hus- 
bandry, a frame of wood, with long, bending teeth, to 
which is fastened a scythe, for cutting and laying oats and 
other grain in a swath. 

CRa'DLE, v. t. 1. To lay in a cradle ; to rock in a cradle ; 
to compose, or quiet. 2. To nurse in infancy. 3. To cut 
and lay with a cradle, as grain. 

CRa'DLE, v. i. To lie or lodge in a cradle. 

CRa'DLE-CLoTHES, n. pi. The clothes used for covering 
one in a cradle. 

GRI'DLE-SCYTHE, n. A scythe used in a cradle for cut 
ting grain. 

CRa'DL.ED, pp. Laid or rocked in a cradle ; cut and laid 
with a cradle, as grain. 

CRa'DLING, ppr. Laying or rocking in a cradle ; cutting 
and laying with a cradle, as grain. 

CRa'DLING, n. 1. The act of using a cradle.— 2. In archi- 
tecture, a term applied to the timber, ribs, and pieces for 
sustaining the lathing and plastering of vaulted ceilings. 

CRAFT, n. [Sax. craft.] 1. Art ; ability ; dexterity ; skill. 
2. Cunning, art, or skill [in a bad sense, or applied to bad 
purposes] ; artifice ; guile ; skill or dexterity employed to 
effect purposes by deceit. 3. Art ; skill ; dexterity in a 
particular manual occupation; hence, the occupation or 
employment itself; manual art ; trade. 4. A term applied 
to all sorts of vessels. Totten. — Small craft is a term given 
to small vessels of all kinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters. 
&c. 

t CRAFT, v. i. To play tricks.— Shak. 

CRAFT'I-LY, adv. With craft, cunning, or guile; artfully, 
cunningly ; with more art than honesty. 

CRaFT'1-NESS, n. Artfulness ; dexterity in devising and 
effecting a purpose ; cunning ; artifice ; stratagem. 

CRAFTS'MAN, n. An artificer; a mechanic; one skilled 
in a manual occupation. 

CRaFTS'MaS-TER, n. One skilled in his craft or trade. 

CRaFT'Y, a. 1. Skillful in devising and pursuing a scheme, 
by deceiving others, or by taking advantage of their ig- 
norance. — Syn. Cunning; artful; wily; sly; fraudulent; 
deceitful; subtle. 

CRAG, n. [W., Scot, Ir. craig ; Gaelic, creag.] 1. A steep, 
rugged rock ; a rough, broken rock, or point of a rock. — 2 
In geology, gravel or sand mixed with shells. — Lycll. 

CRAG, n. [Sax. hracca.] The neck; formerly applied to 
the neck of a human being, as in Spenser. We now apply 
it to the neck or neck-piece of mutton, and call it a rack 
(i. e., crag) of mutton. 

GRAG'-BUILT (-bilt), a. Built with crags.— Irving. ' 

CRAG'GED, a. Full of crags or broken rocks ; rough ; rug 
ged ; abounding with prominences, points, and inequalities 

CRAG'GED-NESS, n. The state of abounding with crags, 
or broken, pointed rocks. 

CRAG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being craggy. 

CRAG'GY, a. Full of crags ; abounding with broken rocks , 
rugged with projecting points of rocks. 

CRaKE, n. A boast. — Spenser. See Ckack. 

CRaKE, 7i. [qu. Gr. kde^.] The corn-crake, a migratory 
fowl, is a species of the rail, rallus. 

CRaKE'-BER-RY, n. A species of empetrum, or berry-bear- 
ing heath. 

CRAKER, n. A boaster. — Huloet. 

CRAM, v. t. [Sax. crammian.] 1. To press or drive, particu- 
larly in filling or thrusting one thing into another ; to stuff; 
to crowd ; to fill to superfluity. 2. To fill with food be- 
yond satiety ; to stuff. 3. To thrust in by force ; to crowd • 
as, to cram one's pockets. 

CRAM, v. i. To eat greedily, or beyond satiety ; to stuff. 

CRAM'BO, n. A play in which one person gives a word, to 
which another finds a rhyme. 

CRAMMED (kramd), pp. Stuffed ; crowded ; thrust in , 
filled with food. 

GRAM'MING, ppr. Driving in; stuffing; crowding; eating 
beyond satiety or sufficiency. 

GRAM'MING, n. A cant term in the British universities for 
the act of preparing a student to pass an examination, by 
going over the topics with him beforehand, and furnishing 
him with the requisite answers. 

CRAMP, n. [Sax. hramma: D. kramp.] 1. The spasmodic 
and involuntary contraction of a limb, or some muscle of 
the body, attended with pain, and sometimes with con- 
vulsions, or numbness. 2. Restraint; confinement; that 
which hinders from motion or expansion ; as, a cramp to 
one's genius. 3. [Fr. crampon.] A piece of iron bent at 
the ends, serving to hold together pieces of timber, stones, 
&c. ; a cramp-iron. 4. An iron instrument, having a 
screw at one end and a movable shoulder at the other, 
for closely compressing the joints of frame-work. 

CRAMP, v. t. 1. To pain or affect with spasms. 2. To con- 
fine ; to restrain ; to hinder from action or expansion ; as, 



: See Synapsis. A, E, I. &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



CRA 



243 



CRA 



iu cramp one's exertions. 3. To fasten, confine, or hold 
with a cramp or cramp-iron. 

CRAMP, a. Difficult , knotty. [Little used.] 

ERAMP'-FISH, n. The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch 
of which affects a person like electricity, causing a slight 
shock, and producing numbness, tremor, and sickness of 
the stomach. 

€RAMP'-i-R0N (-I-urn), n. An iron used for fastening 
things together ; a cramp, which see. 

CRAMP.ED (kramt), pp. or a. Affected with spasm ; con- 
vulsed ; confined ; restrained. 

CRAMPING, ppr. Affecting with cramp ; confining. 

CRAM-POONS', n. pi. Hooked pieces of iron, something 
like double callipers, for raising stones, timber, and other 
heavy materials. — Gilbert. 

ERa'NAgE, n. [Low L. cranagium.] The liberty of using 
a crane at a warf for raising wares from a vessel ; also, 
the money or price paid for the use of a crane. 

CRAN'BER-RY, n. [crane and berry.] A well-known berry 
that grows on a slender, bending stalk ; also called moss- 
berry, or moor-berry, as it grows only on peat-bogs or 
swampy land. The berry, when ripe, is red, and of the 
size of a small cherry, or of the haw. It forms a sauce of 
exquisite flavor, and is used for tarts. 

GRaNCH. See Craunch. 

CRaNE, n. [Sax. cran.] 1. A migratory bird of the genus 
grus, allied to the heron, and belonging to the gralkc or- 
der. 2. A machine for raising great weights, and moving 
them to a distance. 3. A siphon, or crooked pipe, for 
drawing liquors out of a cask. 

CRaNE'-FLy, it. An insect of the genus tipula. 

CRaNE'S-BILL, n. 1. The plant geranium, of many spe- 
cies. 2. A pair of pincers used by surgeons. 

CRI-NI-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. K pavtov and yvo^wv.] The 
science of deterrnining the properties or characteristics of 
the mind by the conformation of the skull. 

CRa-NI-O-LOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to craniology. 

CRa-NI-OL'O-gIST, n. One who treats of craniology, or 
one who is versed in the science of the cranium. 

GRI-NI-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Kpavtov and \oyo$.] A discourse 
or treatise on the cranium or skull ; or the science which 
investigates the structure and uses of the skulls in various 
animals, particularly in relation to their specific character 
and intellectual powers. — Ed. Encyc. 

CRX-NI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Kpavtov and /jterpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the skulls of animals. 

GRI-NI-O-MET'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to craniometry. 

CRa-NI-OM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the cranium, 
or the skulls, of animals, for discovering their specific dif- 
ferences. 

GRI-NI-OS'GO-PY, n. [Gr. Kpavtov and cKottm.) The sci- 
ence of the eminences produced in the cranium by the 
brain. 

CRaTM-UM, n. [Lj The skull of an animal; the assem- 
blage of bones which inclose the brain. 

CRANK, n. [D. kronkel.] 1. Literally, a bend or turn. 
Hence, an iron axis, with a part bent like an elbow, for 
producing a horizontal or perpendicular motion by means 
of a rotary motion, or the contrary. 2. Any bend, turn, 
or winding; as, the cranks of the body, i. e., the veins 
^Shak.) ; the cranks of the law. 3. A sportive twisting or 
turning in speech ; as. " quips and cranks and wanton 
wiles." — Milton. 4. An iron brace for various purposes. 

CRANK, a. [D. krank.] 1. In seamen's language, liable to 
be overset, as a ship when she is too narrow, or has not 
sufficient ballast, or is loaded too high, to carry full saiL 2. 
Stout ; bold ; full of spirit. — Spenser. 

CRANK, } v. i. To run in a winding course ; to bend, 

CRANK'LE, 3 wind, and turn ; to crinkle. 

CRANK'LE, v. t. To break into bends, turns, or angles ; to 
crinkle. 

CRANK'LE, n. A bend or turn ; a crinkle. 

CRANKL.ED, pp. Broken into unequal surfaces. 

CRANK'LES (kranklz), n. pi. Angular prominences. 

CRANK'LING, ppr. Breaking into bends, turns, or angles. 

CRANK'NESS, n. 1. Liability to be overset, as a ship. 2. 
Stoutness; erectness. 

CRANK'Y, a. The same as crank, which see. 

CRAN'NI.ED (kran'nid), a. Having rents, chinks, or fissures ; 
as, a crannied wall. — Shak. 

CRAN'NY, n. [Fr. cran.] 1. Properly, a rent ; but commonly, 
any small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice, or chink, as in 
a wall, or other substance. 2. A hole ; a secret, retired 
place. — 3. In glass-making, an iron instrument for forming 
the necks of glasses. 

CRAN'NY, a. Pleasant ; agreeable ; praiseworthy. — Bailey. 

CRAN'NY-ING, a. Making crannies. 

GRANTS, n. pi. [G. kranx.] Garlands carried before the 
bier of a maiden, and hung over her grave. 

GRaPE, n. [Fr. crepe.] A thin, transparent stuff", usually 
black, made of raw silk gummed and twisted on the mill, 
woven withoiit crossing, and much used in mourning. 

CRaPE, iv t. To curl ; to form into ringlets. 



€RaP2?D (kript), pp. Curled; formed into ringlets. 

€ RaP'XNG, ppr. Curling: forming into ringlets. 

CRAP'LE (krap'pl), n. [W. crav.] ' A claw. — Spenser. 

CRAP'NEL, n. A hook or drag. Qu. grapnel. 

€RAP'U-LA, n. [L.] A surfeit." 

GRAP'U-LENCE, n. [L. crapula.] Crop-sickness ; drunkett 
ness ; a surfeit, or the sickness occasioned by inteinper 
ance. 

CRAP'U-LENT, ? a. Drunk ; surcharged with liquor ; sick 

GRAP'U-LOUS, 5 by intemperance. Diet. — Syn. Drunk 
en ; intoxicated ; inebriated. 

CRaRE, n. An unwieldy trading vessel. — Shak. — Toone 
[Obs.] 

GRaSE. See Craze. 

CRASH, v. t. [Fr. ecraser.] To break ; to bruise. 

CRASH, v. i. To make the loud, clattering, multifarious 
sound of many things falling and breaking at once. 

CRASH, n. The loud, mingled sound of many things fal 
ing and breaking at once, as the sound of a large tree faL 
ing, and its branches breaking, or the sound of a f« !hn^. 
house. 

CRASH, n. [Lat. crassus.] Coarse cloth. 

CRASHED (krasht), pp. Broken or bruised. 

CRASHING, n. The sound of many things falling anr; 
breaking at onee. 

CRASHING, ppr. or a. Making or denoting a loud clatter- 
ing noise. 

CRa'SIS, n. [Gr. Kpaaii.] 1. The temper or healthy consti- 
tution of the blood in an animal body; the temperament 
which forms a particular constitution of the blood. — 2. In 
grammar, a figure by which two different letters are coti 
tracted into one long letter or into a diphthong. 

GRASS, a. [L. crassus.] Gross ; thick ; coarse ; not tnin, 
nor fine. [Little used.] 

GRASSA-MENT, n. The thick, red part of the biood, as 
distinct from the serum, or aqueous part ; the clot 

GRASS'I-MENT, n. Thickness.— Smith. 

CRASS'I-TUDE, n. [L. crassitudo.] Grossness ; coarseness ; 
thickness. — Bacon. 

GRASS'NESS, w, Grossness. — Glanville. 

CRAS-TI-NI'TION, n. [L. eras.] Delay.— Diet. 

CRATCH, n. [Fr. creche.] A manger or open frame for 
hay. The cratch cradle of children is an intended repre- 
sentation of the cratch. — Toone. 

CRATCH. See Scratch. 

CRATCH'ES, n. pi. [G. kratze.] In the manege, a swelling 
on the pastern, under the fetlock of a horse. 

CPlaTE, n. [L. crates.] A kind of basket or hamper of 
wicker-work, used for the transportation of china, crock- 
ery, and similar wares. 

GRa'TER, n. [L. crater.] 1. The aperture or mouth of a 
volcano. 2. A constellation of the southern hemisphere, 
said to contain 31 stars. 

GRA-TER1-FORM, a. Having the form of a crater. 

CRaUNCH (kranch), v. t. [D. schranssen.] To crush with 
the teeth ; to chew with violence and noise. 

CRAUNCHING, ppr. or a. Crushing with the teeth with 
violence. 

CRA- VAT, n. [Fr. cravate.] A neckcloth ; a piece of fine 
muslin or other cloth worn by men about the neck. 

GRaVE, v. t. [Sax. crafian.] 1. To ask with earnestness or 
importunity ; to ask with submission or humility, as a de- 
pendent; as, to crave indulgence. 2. To call for, as a 
gratification ; to long for ; to require or demand, as a pas- 
sion or appetite ; as, to crave food. 3. Sometimes intrans- 
itively, with for before the thing sought. — Syn. To ask ; 
seek ; beg ; beseech ; implore ; entreat ; solicit. 

CR1V.ED, pp. Asked for with earnestness ; implored ; en- 
treated ; longed for ; required. 

CRa'V£N, ) n. LA word of obloquy, used formerly by 

CRX'VENT, > one vanquished in trial by battle, and yield- 

GRI'VANT, ) ing to the conqueror. Hence, a recreant ; a 
coward ; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. 2. A vanquish- 
ed, dispirited cock. 

CRa'V_EN, v. t. To make recreant, weak, or cowardly. 

GRAVER, n. One who craves or begs. 

CRAVING, ppr. )r a. 1. Asking with importunity ; urging 
for earnestly , begging ; entreating. 2. Calling for with 
urgency ; re quiring ; demanding gratification. 

CRAVING, n. Vehement or urgent desire, or calling for ; a 
longing for. 

GRaVTNG-LY, adv. In a craving manner. 

CRaV-ING-NESS, n. The state of craving. 

CRAW, n. [Dan. kroc.] The crop or first stomach of fowls. 

CRAW'FISH, ) n. A species of Crustacea, of the same genus 

CR.X Y'FISH, j w i fn the lobster, but smaller, and found 
in fresh-water streams. 

GRAWL, v. i. [D. kriclen ; Scot, crowl.] 1. To creep ; to 
move slowly by thrusting or drawing the body along the 
ground, as a worm ; or to move slowly on the hands and 
knees. 2. To move or walk weakly, slowly, or timoroug- 
ly; as, he can hardly crawl about the room. — Avbuthnot. 3. 
To creep ; to advance slowly and slyly ; to insinuate one's 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"G£R, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



CUE 



•244 



CRE 



self; as, " Cranmcr hath crawled into the favor of the 
king." — Shale. 4. To move about ; to move in any direc- 
tion ; [used in contempt.] 5. To have the sensation of in- 
sects creeping about the body. 

GRAWL, 7i. A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on 
the sea-coast for containing fish. 

GRAWL'ER, n. He or that which crawls; a creeper; a 
reptile. 

CRAWLING, ppr. or a. Creeping; moving slowly along 
tlie ground, or other substance ; moving or walking slow- 
ly, weakly, or timorously ; insinuating. 

GRAWLTNG-LY, adv. in a crawling manner. 

tCR^ER \ n - A Sma11 sea vessel - [° bs -] 

GRaY'FISH, n. The river lobster. See Crawfish. 

CRaY'ON, n. [Ft.] 1. The name of small cylinders of col- 
oring substances used for drawing on paper. 2. A draw- 
ing made with crayons. 

CRaY'ON, v. t. 1. To sketch with a crayon. Hence, 2. To 
sketch ; to plan ; to commit to paper one's first thoughts. 

CRaY'ON-PaINTTNG, n. The act or art of drawing with 
crayons. 

€RIY'ON£D, pp. Sketched with a crayon. 

GRaY'ON-ING, ppr. Sketching or planning with a crayon. 

GRaZE, v. t. [Fr. ecraser.] 1. To break; to weaken; to 
break or impair the natural force or energy of; as, to 
craze one's limbs. — Milton. 2. To crush in pieces ; to grind 
to powder ; as, to craze tin. 3. To crack the brain ; to 
shatter ; to impair the intellect. 

GRAZ.ED, pp. or a. Broken ; bruised ; crushed ; impaired ; 
deranged in intellect ; decrepit. 

CRIZ'ED-NESS, n. A broken state ; decrepitude ; an im- 
paired state of the intellect. — Hooker. 

GRaZE'-MILL, \n. A mill resembling a grist-mill, used 

GRaZTNG-MILL, > for grinding tin. 

€Ra'ZI-LY, adv. In a broken or crazy manner. 

GRaZTNG, ppr. Breaking; crushing; making crazy. 

€Ra'ZI-NESS, 7i. 1. The state of being broken or weaken- 
ed. 2. The state of being broken in mind ; imbecility or 
weakness of intellect ; derangement. 

GRa'ZY, a. [Fr. ecrase.] 1. Broken; decrepit; weak; fee- 
ble ; as, a crazy constitution, a crazy concern. 2. Broken, 
weakened, or disordered in intellect ; deranged, weaken- 
ed, or shattered in mir_d. We say, the man is crazy. 

JGREaGHT, n. [Irish.] Herds of cattle.— Davies. 

t GREaGHT, v. i. To graze on lands. — Davies. 

CReAK, v. i. [W. crecian.] To make a sharp, harsh, grat- 
ing sound, of some continuance, as by the friction of hard 
substances. 

GRe AKTNG, ppr. or a. Making a harsh, grating sound. 

GReAK'ING, n. A harsh, grating sound. 

CReAM, n. [Fr. creme.] 1. The oily part of milk, which, 
when the milk stands unagitated in a cool place, rises and 
forms a scum on the surface. 2. The best part of a thing. 
— Cream of lime, the scum of lime-water. — Cream of tartar, 
purified tartar or argal; so called because it rises like 
cream to the surface of the liquor in which it is purified. 

GReAM, v. t. 1. To skim ; to take off cream by skimming. 
2._To take off the quintessence or best part of a thing. 

GRE AM, v. i. 1. To gather cream; to flower or mantle. 2. 
To grow stiff, or formal ; as, " men whose visages do cream 
and mantle like a standing pond." — Shak. 

GReAM'-BoWL, 7t. A bowl for holding cream. 

GReAM'-CHEESE, n. Cream dried sufficiently to be cut 
with a knife. It is not properly cheese, not having been 
formed into curd. 

GRe AM'-FaCED (-faste), a. White ; pale ; having a cow- 
ard look. 

GReAM'-NUT, n. A name sometimes given to the Brazil 
nut. 

GReAM'-POT, n. A vessel for holding cream. 

CReAMED, pp. Skimmed off from milk, as the best part. 

GReAM'Y, a. Full of cream ; like cream ; having the na- 
ture of cream ; luscious. 

CRe'ANCE, n. [Fr.] In falconry, a fine, small line, fastened 
to a hawk's leash when she is first lured. 

GRe ASE, n. [qu. G. krdusen.] A line or mark made by fold- 
ing or doubling any thing ; a hollow streak, like a groove. 

GReASE, v. t. To make a crease or mark in a thing by fold- 
ing or doubling. 

GREASED (kreest), pp. Marked by doubling. 

GReAS'ING, ppr. Making creases by folding. 

GRe'A-SOTE. See Creosote. 

GRe'AT, 7i. [Fr.] In the manege, an usher to a riding- 
master. 

, GRE-aTE', v. t. [Ft. creer ; L. creo.] 1. To produce ; to bring 
into being from nothing ; to cause to exist. 2. To make 
or form, by investing with a new character ; as, to create 
one a peer. 3. To produce ; to cause ; to be the occasion 
of; as, to create a sensation. 4. To beget ; to generate ; to 
bring forth. 5. To make or produce, by new combina- 
tions of matter already created, and by investing these 
combinations with new forms, constitutions, and qualities ; 



to shape and organize. 6. To form anew ; to change tn« 
state or character ; to renew. 

GRE-A.TE', a. Begotten; composed; made up. — Shak. 

GRE-aT'ED, pp. or a. Formed from nothing ; caused to ex 
ist ; produced ; generated ; invested with a new character 
formed into new combinations, with a peculiar shape, con 
stitution, and properties ; renewed. 

GRE- aT'ING, ppr. or a. Forming from nothing ; originating-, 
producing ; giving a new character ; constituting new be 
ings from matter by shaping, organizing, and investing 
with new properties ; forming anew. 

GRE-a'TION, n. 1. The act of creating ; the act of causing 
to exist ; and especially, the act of bringing this world into 
existence. — Rom., i. 2. The act of making, by new com- 
binations of matter, invested with new forms and proper- 
ties, and of subjecting to different laws ; the act of shaping 
and organizing. 3. The act of investing with a new char 
acter ; as, the creation of a new lordship. 4. The act of 
producing. 5. The things created ; creatures ; the world ; 
the universe. 6. Any part of the things created. 7. Any 
thing produced or caused to exist. 

GRE-ITlON-AL, a. Pertaining to creation. 

GRE-A'Tf VE, a. Having the power to create, or exerting 
the act of creation. 

GRE-a'TIVE-NESS, n. State of being creative. 

GRE-a'TOR, n. [L.] 1. The being or person that creates. 
2. The thing that creates, produces, or causes. 

GRE-a'TOR-SHIP, ti. The state or condition of a creator. 

GRE-A'TRESS, n. A female that creates any thing. 

GReATUR-AL (kretfyur-al), a. Belonging to a creature, 
having the qualities of a creature. 

GREAT'URE (krefyur), n. [Fr.] 1. That which is created ; 
every being besides the Creator, or every thing not self- 
existent. — 2. In a restricted sense, an animal of any kind ; a 
living being ; a beast. — In a more restricted se?ise, man. 3. 
A human being, in contempt. 4. With words of endear- 
ment, it denotes a human being beloved. 5. That which 
is produced, formed, or imagined. 6. A person who owes 
his rise and fortune to another ; one who is made to be 
what he is ; as, a creature of Cromwell. 7. A dependent ; 
a person who is subject to the will or influence of another 

GReAT'URE-LY, a. Having the qualities of a creature. 

GReAT'URE-SHIP, n. The state of a creature.— Cave. 

t CREB'Rl-TUDE, n. [L. crebcr.] Frequency.— Diet. 

t GRe'BROUS, a. Frequent.— Diet. 

GRE'DENCE, n. [It. credeuza.] 1. Reliance of the mind on 
evidence of facts derived from other sources than person- 
al knowledge, as from the testimony of others. 2. That 
which gives a claim to credit, belief, or confidence. — Syn. 
Belief; credit; confidence; trust; faith. See Prothesis. 

t GRE'DENCE. v. t. To give credence to ; to believe.— Skelton. 

€RE-DENDA, n. pi. [L.J In theology, things to be believ- 
ed ; articles of faith ; distinguished from agenda, or prac- 
tical duties. 

GRe'DENT, a. 1. Believing; giving credit; easy of belief. 
2. Having credit ; not to be questioned. — Shak. ; [rarely 
used] 

GRE-DEN'TIAL, a. Giving a title to credit. 

GRE-DEN'TIALS, n. pi. [Rarely or never used in the singu- 
lar.] That which gives credit ; that which gives a title or 
claim to confidence ; the warrant on which belief, credit, 
or authority is claimed among strangers. 

GRED-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. credibilite.] Credibleness ; the 
quality or state of a thing which renders it possible to be 
believed, or which admits belief, on rational principles ; 
the quality or state of a thing which involves no contra- 
diction or absurdity. Credibility is less than certainty, and 
greater than possibility ; indeed, it is less than probability, 
but is nearly allied to it. 

GRED'I-BLE, a. [L. credibilis.] 1. That may be believed ; 
worthy of credit. 2. Worthy of belief; having a claim to 
credit ; [applied to persons.] 

GRED'I-BLE-NESS, ti. Credibility; worthiness of belief , 
just claim to credit. 

GRED'1-BLY, adv. In a manner that deserves belief ; with 
good authority to support belief. 

GRED'IT, n. [Fr. credit.] 1. A reliance or resting of the 
mind on the truth of something said or done. 2. Reputa 
tion derived from the confidence of others. Esteem ; esti 
mation ; good opinion founded on a belief of a man's ve- 
racity, integrity, abilities, and virtue. 3. High standing or 
estimation with the public ; [applied to men or things.] 4 
That which procures or is entitled to belief; testimony 
authority derived from one's character, or from the confi- 
dence of others. 5. Influence derived from the reputation 
of veracity or integrity, or from the good opinion or cunfi 
dence of others ; interest ; power derived from weight ct 
character, from friendship, fidelity, or other cause.— 6. In 
commerce, trust ; transfer of goods in confidence of future 
payment. 7. The capacity of being trusted ; or the repu- 
tation of solvency and probity, which entitles a man to be 
trusted ; as, the man's credit is gone. — 8. In book-keeping 
the side of an account in which payment is entered ; op- 



•>■ See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, «fec, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— Mo VE. BOOK, 






CKE 



245 



CRE 



posed to debit. — 9. Public credit, the confidence which men 
entertain in the ability and disposition of a nation to make 
good its engagements with its '-reditors. 10. The notes or 
bills which are issued by the public, or by corporations 
or individuals, are sometimes called bills of credit. 11. 
The time given for payment for lands or goods sold on 
trust ; as, six months' credit. 12. A sum of money due 
to any person ; any thing valuable standing on the credit- 
or side of an account. — Syn. Belief ; faith ; trust ; confi- 
dence ; favor ; influence ; name ; character ; reputation ; 
honor. 

GREDTT, v. t. 1. To believe ; to confide in the truth of; 
as, to credit a report 2. To trust ; to sell or loan in con- 
fidence of future payment ; as, to credit goods. 3. To pro- 
cure credit or honor ; to do credit ; to give reputation or 
honor; as, " to credit this rude age." — Waller; [rare.] 4. 
To enter upon the credit side of an account. 5. To set to 
the credit of. 

eRED'IT-A-BLE, a. Reputable ; that may be enjoyed or 
exercised with reputation or esteem ; estimable. 

GRED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reputation ; estimation. 

GRED'IT-A-BLY, adv. Reputably ; with credit ; without 
disgrace. 

€RED'IT-ED, pp. Believed ; trusted ; passed to the credit, 
or entered on the credit side of an account. 

BRED'IT-ING, ppr. Believing ; trusting; entering to the 
credit in account. 

GRED'IT-OR, n. [L.] 1. A person to whom a sum of mon- 
ey or other thing is due, by obligation, promise, or in law ; 
property, one who gives credit in commerce ; but in a gen- 
eral sense, one who has a just claim for money ; correla- 
tive to debtor. 2. One who believes ; [not used.] 

GRED'I-TRIX, 7i. A female creditor. 

CRE-Du'LI-TY, n. [Fr. credulite ; L. crcdulitas.] Easiness 
of belief; a weakness of mind by which a person is dis- 
posed to believe or yield his assent to a declaration or 
proposition, without sufficient evidence of the truth of 
what is said or proposed ; a disposition to believe on slight 
evidence, or no evidence at all. 

GRED'tJ-LOUS, a. [L. credulus.] Apt to believe without 
sufficient evidence ; unsuspecting ; easily deceived. 

CRED'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With credulity. 

CRED'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Credulity ; easiness of belief ; 
readiness to believe without sufficient evidence. 

GREED, n. [W. credo ; Sax. creda.] 1. A brief summary of 
the articles of Christian faith ; a symbol. 2. That which 
is believed ; any system of principles which are believed 
or professed. 

GREEK, v. t. To make a harsh, sharp noise. — Shak. 

GREEK (kreek), n. [Sax. crecea : D. kreek.] 1. A small in- 
let, bay, or cove ; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a 
river. 2. Any turn or winding. 3. A prominence or jut 
in a winding coast. — 4. In some of the American states, a 
6mall river. [This is confrary to English usage, and is not 
justified by etymology.] 

GREEK'Y (kreek'y), a. Containing creeks ; full of creeks ; 
winding. — Spenser. 

GREEL, n. An osier basket, such as anglers use. 

CREEP, v. i. ; pret. and pp. crept. [Sax. creopan, crypan.] 1. 
To move with the belly on the ground, or the surface of 
any other body, as a worm or serpent without legs, or as 
many insects with feet and very short legs ; to crawl. 2. 
To move along the ground, or on the surface of any other 
body, in growth, as a vine ; to grow along. 3. To move 
slowly, feebly, or timorously, as an old or infirm man, 
who creeps about his chamber. 4. To move slowly and 
insensibly, as time. 5. To move secretly ; to move so as 
to escape detection, or prevent suspicion. 6. To steal in ; 
to move forward, unheard and unseen ; to come or enter 
unexpectedly or unobserved. 7. To move or behave with 
servility ; to fawn. 

GREEP'ER, n. 1. One who creeps ; that which creeps ; a 
reptile ; also, a creeping plant, which moves along the sur- 
face of the earth, or attaches itself to some other body, as 
ivy. 2. An iron used to slide along the grate in kitchens. 
3. A kind of patten or clog worn by women. — 4. Creeper, 
or creepers, an instrument of iron with hooks or claws, for 
drawing up things from the bottom of a well, river, or har- 
bor. — Forby. — Todd. 5. A small bird of the genus certhia, 
allied to the woodpeckers and wrens. 
CREEP'HoLE, n. A hole into which an animal may creep 
to escape notice or danger ; also, a subterfuge ; an excuse. 
CREEPING, ppr. or a. Moving on the belly, or close to the 
surface of the earth or other body ; moving slowly, se- 
cretly, or silently ; moving insensibly ; stealing along. 
GREEP'ING, n. Act of creeping.— Dwight. 
GREEP'ING-LY, adv. By creeping ; slowly ; in the manner 
of a reptile. — Sidney. 
GREE'PLE. See Cripple. 
GREESE, n. A Malay dagger. 

GRE-Ma'TION, 72, [L. crematio.] A burning ; particularly, 
the burning of the dead, according to the custom of many 
ancient nations. 



GRE-Mo'NA, n. 1. A superior kind of violin, made or in 
vented at Cremona, in Italy. 2. A name erroneously given 
toa stop in the organ. See Cromor.va. 
GRe'MOR, n. [L.] Cream ; any expressed juice of grain , 

yeast ; scum ; a substance resembling cream.— Coze. 
CREM'O-SIN. See Crimson. 

GRE'NATE, \a. [L. crenatus.] Notched ; indented ; sco! 
GRe'Na-TED, \ loped. 
GREN'A-TURE, n. A scollop, like a notch, in a leaf, or in 

the style of a plant. — Bigelow. 
GRENK'LE, ? c „ 
CREN'GLE, \ Sce Cmngle. 
GREN'U-LATE, a. Having the edge, as it were, cut into 

very small scollops. 
GRe'OLE, ti. A native of Spanish America or the West In- 
dies, descended from European ancestors. 
GRe'O-SOTE, 7t. [Gr. Kf)£u>$, gen. of Kpeas, and aoorrip.] An 
antiseptic principle, often called flesh-preserver, the prod- 
uct of wood, decomposed in a certain manner ; an oily, 
colorless liquid, with the smell of smoke. 
GRe'PANCE, ) n. [L. crepo.] A chop or scratch in a horse's 
GRe'PANE, 5 leg, caused by the shoe of one hind foot 

crossing and striking the other hind foot. 
GREP'I-TaTE, v. i. [L. crcpito.] To crackle ; to snap ; to 
burst with a small, sharp, abrupt sound, rapidly repeated, 
as salt in fire, or during calcination. 
GREP'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Crackling; snapping. 
GREP-LTa'TION, 7i. 1. The act of bursting with a frequent 
repetition of sharp sounds , the noise of some salts in cal- 
cination ; crackling. 2. The noise of fractured bones 
when moved by a surgeon to ascertain a fracture. 
CREPT, pret. and pp. of creep. 

CRE-PUS'CLE (-si), )n. [L. crepusculum.] Twilight; the 
GRE-PUS'CULE, $ light of the morning from the first 
dawn to sunrise, and of the evening from sunset to darkness. 
GRE-PUS'GU-LAR, \ a. Pertaining to twilight ; glimmer 
GRE-PUS'GU-LOUS, 5 ing ; noting the imperfect light o» 
the morning and evening ; hence, imperfectly clear or lu- 
minous. 
t GRE-PUS'GU-LlNE, a. Crepuscular. 
■GRES-CENDO. [It] In music, denotes with an increasing 

volume of voice. 
GRES'CENT, a. [L. crescens.] Increasing; growing. — Milton. 
GRES'CENT, n. 1. The increasing or new moon, which, 
when receding from the sun, shows a curving rim of light, 
terminating in points or horns. 2. The figure or likeness 
of the new moon, as that borne in the Turkish flag or na- 
tional standard. The standard itself, and, figuratively, the 
Turkish power. — 3. In heraldry, a bearing in the form of a 
half moon. 4. The name of a military order, instituted by 
Renatus of Anjou. 
GRES'CENT, v. t. To form into a crescent.— Reward 
GRES'CENT-FORMED, a Formed like a crescent— Scoti 
GRES'CENT-SHaPED (-sha.pt), a. In botany, lunate ; lu- 

nated ; shaped like a crescent. — Martyn. 
GRES'CENT-ED, a. Adorned with a crescent.— Keats. 
GRES'ClVE. a. [L. cresco.] Increasing; growing. — Shak. 
GRESS, 7i. [Fr. cresson.] The name of several species of 
plants, having a warm aromatic taste, and much esteemed 
as a salad. 
GE-ESS'ET, 7i. [Fr. croisette.] 1. A great light set on a bea 
con, light-house, or watch-tower. 2. A lamp or torch.— 
Milton. 
GREST, 7i. [Fr. crete.] 1. The plume of feathers or othe. 
material on the top of the ancient helmet; the hehnet it 
self. 2. The ornament of the helmet in heraldry. 3. Ths 
comb of a cock; also, a tuft of feathers on the head of oth- 
er fowls. 4. Any tuft or ornament worn on the head. 5. 
Loftiness ; pride ; courage ; spirit ; a lofty mien. 
GREST, v. t. 1. To furnish with a crest ; to serve as a crest 

for. 2. To mark with long streaks. 
CREST-FALL-.EN (-fawl-n)>. 1. Dejected ; sunk ; bowed , 
dispirited ; heartless ; spiritless.— Shak. 2. Having the up- 
per part of the neck hanging on one side, as a horse. 
CREST-MA-RiNE' (-ma-reen'), n. Rock samphire. 
CRESTING, ppr. Furnishing with a crest. 
CRESTLESS, a. Without a crest; not dignified with coat- 
armor ; not of an eminent family ; of low birth. 
CRESTED, pp. or a. 1. Wearing a crest ; adorned with a 
crest or plume ; having a comb. — 2. In natural history, hav- 
ing a tuft like a crest. 
GRE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. cretaceus.] Chalky ; having tbe 

qualities of chalk ; like chalk ; abounding with chalk. 
GRk'Ta-TED, a. Rubbed with chalk. 
GRe'TIC, 7i. [Gr. KprjTiKos.] A poetic foot of three sylla- 
bles, one short between two long syllables. 
GRE'TIN, 7i. A name given to certain deformed and help 

less idiots in the valleys of the Alps. 
GRE'TIN-ISM, 7i. The state of a cretin.— Kidd. 
CRe'TISM, 7i. A falsehood ; a Cretan practice ( from tha 

character of the Cretans, as bars, &c. 
GRe'TOSE, a. Chalky. 
■CRE- VASSE', 7i. [Fr.] A deep crevice ; a breach. This 



DOVE ;_ BIJLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— G as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



■ 



CRI 



246 



CRI 



term is applied, on the Mississippi, to a breach in the levee, 

or embankment of the river. 
GREV'i'CE, n. [Ft. crevasse.] A narrow opening made by 

a separation in the parts of bodies. —Syn. Crack; cleft; 

rent; fissure; cranny. 
C RE VICE, v. t. To crack ; to flaw.— Wotton. 

GREV'ISSE.K The craw-fish. [Rare.] 

GREW (kru), n. [Sax. cread, or cruth.] 1. A company of 
people associated. — Spenser. 2. A company, [in a low or 
bad sense.] — Milton. 3. The company of seamen who man 
a ship, vessel, or boat ; the company belonging to a vessel. 
— Syn. Band ; gang ; herd. 

GREW, pret. of crow ; but the regular preterit and participle, 
crowed, is now most commonly used. 

GREWEL (krfi'el), n. [qu. D. klewel] Two-threaded worst- 
ed yarn, slackly twisted. 

GREWET. See Ckuet. 

GRIB, n. [Sax. crybb ; D. krib.] 1. The manger of a stable, 
in which oxen and cows feed. — In America, it is distin- 
guished from a rack. 2. A small habitation or cottage. 3. 
A stall for oxen. 4. A case or box in salt-works." 5. A 
small building, raised on posts, for storing Indian corn. — 
Am. 5. A small frame for a child's bed. 

GRIB, v. t. To shut or confine in a narrow habitation ; to 
cage. — Shak. 

\ GRIB, v. i. To be confined; to be cooped up. 

GRIB'BAGE, n. A game at cards, in which the dealer makes 
up a third hand for himself, partly from the hand of his 
opponent. — Smart. 

GRIBB.ED (kribd), pp. Shut up ; confined ; caged. 

GRIB'BING, ppr. Shutting in a crib ; confining. 

GPJB'BLE, 77. [L. cribellum.] 1. A coarse sieve or screen. 
2. Coarse flour or meal ; [not used in the United States.] 

GRIB'BLE, v. t. To sift ; to cause to pass through a sieve 
or riddle. 

GRIB'BL£D, pp. Sifted. 

GRIB'BLING, ppr. Sifting 

GRI-BRa'TION, n. The act of sifting or riddling ; [used in 
pharmacy.] 

GRIB'RI-FORM, a. [L. cribrum.] Resembling a sieve or 
riddle ; a term applied to the lamina of the ethmoid bone, 
through which the fibres of the olfactory nerves pass to 
the nose. 

GRICHTON-lTE, n. A mineral of a velvet-black color, and 
crystallized in a rhomboidal form ; so called from Doctor 
Crichton. 

GRIGK, to. 1. The creaking of a door ; [obs.] 2. A spas- 
modic affection of some part of the body, as of the neck 
or back ; local spasm or cramp. 

GRIGK'ET, n. [D. krekel] An insect of the genus gryllus. 

GR.ICK/ET, n. [qu. Sax. cricc] 1. A play or exercise with 
bats and ball. — Pope. 2. With a different etymology, a low 
stool. 

GRICK/ET-ER, n. One who plays at cricket. 

GRIGK'ET-ING-AP'PLE, n. A small species of apple. 

CRIGK'ET-MATCH, n. A match at cricket.— Duncombe. 

GRlED, pret. and pp. of cry. 

GR-I'ER, n. One who cries ; one who makes proclamation. 

GRIM. GON. Criminal conversation ; unlawful intercourse 
with a married woman. 

GRlME, n. [L. crimen; Gr. KOijia.] 1. An act which vio- 
lates a law, divine or human ; an act which violates a rule 
of moral duty ; a breach of the laws of right, prescribed 
by God or man, or against any rule of duty plainly im- 
plied in those laws. — But in a more common and restricted 
sense, a crime denotes violation of public law, of a deeper 
and more atrocious nature ; a public wrong, as treason, 
murder, robbery, theft, arson, &c. 2. Any great wicked- 
ness. — Capital crime, a crime punishable with death. — 
—Syn. Iniquity; sin; offense; wrong; vice. 

CPvlME'FUL, a. Criminal ; wicked ; partaking of wrong ; 
contrary to law, right, or duty. — Shak. 

GRlME'LESS, a. Free from crime ; inn ..cent. — Shak. 

GRIM'IN-AL, a. 1. Guilty of a crime. 2. Partaking of a 
crime ; involving a crime ; that violates public law, divine 
or human. 3. That violates moral obligation. 4. Relat- 
ing to crimes; opposed to civil; as, a criminal prosecu- 
tion. — Syn. Guilty; culpable; wicked; iniquitous; aban- 
doned; atrocious; felonious. 

GRIM'IN-AL, ?i. A person who has committed an offense 
against public law ; a person indicted or charged with a 
public offense. — Syn. Culprit ; malefactor ; evil-doer ; 
transgressor; felon; convict. 

GRIM-IN-AL'I-TY, >?i. The quality of being criminal., or 

GRIM'IN-AL-NESS, 5 a violation of law; guiltiness; the 
quality of being guilty of a crime.— Blackstone. 

GRIMTN-AL-L Y, adv. In violation of a public law ; in vio- 
lation of divine law ; wickedly ; in a wrong or iniquitous 
maimer 

GRIM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. criminor.] To accuse; to charge 
with a crime ; to allege to be guilty of a crime, offense, 
or wrong. — Burke. 



GRIM'IN-a-TED, pp. Accused ; charged with a crime. 

GRIM'IN-a-TING, ppr. Accusing ; alleging to be guilty. 

GRIM-IN-a'TION, 7i. [L. criminatio.] The act of accusing, 
accusation ; charge of having been guilty of a criminal 
act. offense, or wrong. 

GRIM'IN-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to accusation ; accusing. 

t GPJMTN-OUS, a. Very wicked ; heinous ; involving great 
crime. — Hammond. 

t GRIM'IN-OUS-LY, adv. Criminally ; heinously ; enor- 
mously. 

t GRIM'IN-OUS-NESS, n. Wickedness ; guilt ; criminality 
— King Charles. 

GRIM'O-SIN. See Crimson. 

GRIMP, a. [Sax. acrymman.] 1. Easily crumbled; friable, 
brittle; [little used.] 2. Not consistent; [not used.] 

GRIMP, v. t. [W. crimpiaw.] To catch ; to seize ; to pinch 
and hold. 

GRIMP, v. t. [Sax. gecrympt.] 1. To pinch up in ridges, aa 
a ruffle or the hair. — 2. In cookery, to crimple or cause to 
contract, as the flesh of a live fish, by gashing it with a 
knife, to give it greater hardness. — Smart. 

GRIMP, 7i. 1. In England, an agent for coal-merchants, 
and for persons concerned in shipping. 2. One who de- 
coys another into the naval or military service. 3. One 
who decoys sailors in any way, for the sake of getting 
them in his power. 4. A game at cards ; [obs.] 

CRIMPING,' } * The act of crim P in g- 

CRIMPlNG-MA-CHiNE'. n. A machine consisting of two 
fluted rollers for crimping ruffles. — Encyc. of Dom.Econ. 

GRIM'PLE, v. t. [D. krimpen.] To contract or draw to- 
gether ; to shrink ; to cause to shrink ; to curl. — Wiseman. 

CRIM'PL £D, pp. Contracted ; shrunk ; cm-led. 

GRIM'PLING, ppr. Contracting; shrinking; curling; hob- 
bling. — Ash. 

GRIM'SON (krim'zn), n. [It. cremisi, cremisino.] A deep 
red color ; a red tinged with blue ; also, a red color in 
general. 

GRIM'SON (krim'zn), a. Of a beautiful deep red. 

GRIM'SON, v. t. To dye with crimson; to dye of a deep 
red color ; to make red. 

GRIM'SON, v. i. To become of a deep red color; to be 
tinged with red ; to blush. 

GRIM'SON-Hu.ED (krim'zn-hude), a. Of a crimson color. 

GRIM'S ON-WARM, a. Warm to redness. 

CRIM'SONiSD (krim'znd), pp. Dyed or tinged a deep red. 

GRIM'SON-ING, ppr. Dyeing or tinging with a deep red. 

GRl'NAL, a. [L. crinis.] Belonging to hair. 

GRING'UM, n. A cramp ; a contraction ; a turn or bend 
a whimsy. — Hudibras. [A vulgar word.] 

CRINGE (krinj), v. t. Properly, to shrink ; to contract ; tc 
draw together ; [a popular use of the word. Vulgarly, 
scringe.] 

CRINGE (krinj), v. i. To bow ; to bend with servility ; to 
fawn ; to make court by mean compliances. 

CRINGE (krinj), n. A bow; servile civility. — Philips. 

CRINGE'LING, n. One who cringes meanly. 

GRING'ER, 7i. One who cringes, or bows and flatters with 
servility. 

GRING'ING, ppr. or a. Shrinking ; bowing servilely. 

GRIN"GLE (kring-gl), n. [D. kring, krinkel] 1. A withe 
for fastening a gate ; [local.] — 2. In marine language, a 
hole in the bolt-rope of a sail, with a ring or thimble in it. 

CRIN-I-CULTUR-AL, a. Relating to the growth of hair. 

GRl-NlG'ER-OUS, a. [L. criniger.] Hairy ; overgrown 
with hair. — Diet. 

GRl'NTTE, a. [L. crinitus.] Having the appearance of a 
tuft of hair. 

GRINK'LE (krinkT), v. i. [D. krinkelen.] To turn or wind, 
to bend ; to wrinkle ; to run in and out in little or short 
bends or turns. 

GRINK'LE, v. t. To form with short turns or -wrinkles ; to 
mold into inequalities. 

GRINK'LE, n. A wrinkle ; a winding or turn ; sinuosity. 

GRINK'LjED, pp. Formed into short turns. 

CRINK'LING, ppr. Bending in short turns. 

GRl-NOID'AL, a. Containing the fossil remains of crinoid- 
eans. 

CRl-NOID'E-AN, n„ \ [Gr. Kpivov, a lily, and eiSos, likeness.] 

GRl-NOID'E-A, n. pi, > In geology, terms applied to ex- 
tinct fossil radiated animals, related to some of the star- 
fish or asterias, but growing on a long, jointed pedicel. 
The term includes the encrinite, often called the stone-lily 

GRl'NoSE, a. Hairy. [Little used.] 

GRI-NOS'I-TY, n. Hairiness. [Little used.] 

GPJP'PLE (krip'pl), n. [D. kreupcl.] A lame person; pri- 
marily, one who creeps, halts, or limps ; one who has lost, 
or never enjoyed, the use of his limbs. 

GPJP'PLE, a. Lame— Shak. 

GRIP'PLE, v. t. 1. To lame ; to deprive of the use of the 
limbs, particularly of the legs and feet. 2. To disable ; to 
deprive of the power of exertion ; as, to cripple a ship in 
an engagement. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long.—H, e, I. &c. short.— FAR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



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247 



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GRIPTL.ED, pp. or a. Lamed ; rendered impotent in the 
iimbs ; disabled. 

CRIPTLE-NES8, n. Lameness. 

GRLP'PLLNG, ppr. Laming ; depriving of the use of the 
limbs; disabling. 

CRIPTLINGS, n. pi. Spars or timbers set up as supports 
(crutches) against the side of a building. — Smart. 

GRl'SIS, n. ; pi. Crises. [Gr. k(>igis; L. crisis.] 1. In med- 
ical science, the change of a disease which indicates its 
event ; that change which indicates recovery or death. 
2. The decisive state of things, or the point of time when 
an affair is arrived at its height and must soon terminate 
or suffer a material change. — Syn. Juncture ; conjunc- 
ture ; acme. 

CRISP, a. [L. crispus.] 1. Curled ; formed into curls or 
ringlets. 2. Indented ; winding. 3. Brittle ; friable ; 
easily broken or crumbled. 

CRISP, v. t. [L. crispo.] 1. To curl ; to twist ; to contract 
or form into ringlets, as the hair ; to wreathe or inter- 
weave. 2. To indent. — Johnson. To cause to wave 
slightly ; as, crisped brooks. 

CRISP'ITE. \a. Having a crisped appearance; rough 

CRISP'1-TED, > with waving lines. 

CRISP-a'TION, n. The act of curling, or state of being 
curled. — Bacon. 

CRISP A-TURE, n. A curling; the state of being curled 

CRISP.ED (krispt), pp. or a. Curled; twisted; frizzled ; 
made brittle. 

CRISTIN, n. A name familiarly given to shoemakers, from 
St. Crispin, their patron saint. 

CRISPING, ppr. Curling; frizzling. 

CRISPIN G-I'R ON (-i'urn), n. A curling-iron. 

CRISP'ING-PIN, n. A curling-iron.— Isaiah. 

€RIS-PI-SUL'€ANT, a. Waved or undulating, as lightning 
is represented. 

CRISPLY, adv. With crispness ; in a crisp manner. 

CPJSP'NESS, n. A state of being curled ; also, brittleness. 

CRISP'Y, a. 1. Curled ; formed into ringlets. 2. Brittle ; 
dried, so as to break short. 

CRISS'-CROSS'-RoW, n. The alphabet. ^Christ-Cross- 
Row._ 

CRISTATE, > a, [L. cristatus.] In botany, crested ; tufted ; 

CRISTa-TED, 5 having an appendage like a crest or tuft. 

€Rl-TE'RI-ON, n. ; pi Criteria. [Gr. Kpir^piov.] A rule of 
judging ; any established law, rule, principle, or fact by 
which facts, propositions, and opinions are compared in 
order to discover their truth or falsehood, or by which a 
correct judgment may be formed — Syn. Standard; meas- 
ure ; rule. 

CRITH'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. KpiOrj and uavreca.] A kind of 
divination by means of the dough of cakes, and the meal 
strewed over the victims, in ancient sacrifices. 

CRITIC, n. [Gr. KpiTiKOi-] 1. A person skilled in judging 
of the merit of literary works ; one who is able to discern 
and distinguish the beauties and faults of writing. In a 
more general sense, a person skilled in judging with pro- 
priety of any combination of objects, or of any work of 
art. 2. An examiner ; a judge ; as, " And make each day 
a critic on the last" — Pope. 3. One who judges with se- 
verity ; one who censures or finds fault — Pope. 

CRITIC, a. Critical ; relating to criticism, or the art of 
judging of the merit of a literary performance or dis- 
course, or of any work in the fine arts. 

CRITIC, v. i. To criticise ; to play the critic. {Little used.] 

CRITIC-AL, a. [L. criticus.] 1. Relating to criticism; nice- 
ly exact. 2. Having the skill or power nicely to distin- 
guish beauties from blemishes. 3. Making nice distinc- 
tions. 4. Capable of judging with accuracy ; discerning 
beauties and faults ; nicely judicious in matters of litera- 
ture and the fine arts. 5. Capable of judging with accu- 
racy; conforming to exact rules of propriety. .'■ 6. Inclined 
to find fault or to judge with severity. 7. [See Crisis.] 
Pertaining to a crisis ; marking the time or state of a dis- 
ease which indicates its termination in the death or recov- 
ery of the patient 8. Producing a crisis or change in a 
disease ; indicating a crisis. 9. Noting a time or state on 

. which the issue of things depends ; fraught with weighty 
consequences; as, the moment was a critical one. 10. 
Formed or situated to determine or decide, or having the 
crisis at command ; essential for determining ; as, & crit- 
ical event — Syn. Exact ; accurate ; nice ; discriminating ; 
captious ; fault-finding : decisive ; important ; momentous. 

45RITTC-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a critical manner; with nice 
discernment of truth or falsehood propriety or impro- 
priety; with nice scrutiny; accurately; exactly. 2. At 
the crisis; at the exact time. 3. In a critical situation, 
place, or condition, so as to command the crisis. 

CRIT1C-AL-NESS, n. 1. The state of being critical ; inci- 
dence at a particular point of time. 2. Exactness ; accu- 
racy ; nicety ; minute care in examination. 

CRITI-ClSE, v. i. 1. To examine and judge critically ; to 
judge with attention to beauties and faults. 2. To write 
remarks on the merit of a performance ; to notice beau- 



ties ana faults. 3. To animadvert upon as faulty ; to at 
ter censure. 

CRITI-ClSE, v. t. 1. To notice beauties and blemishes or 
faults in ; to utter or write remarks on the merit of a per- 
formance. 2. To pass judgment on with respect to merit 
or blame. 

CRIT'I-ClSED (krite-sizd), pp. Examined and judged with 
respectto beauties and faults. 

€RIT'I-ClS-ER, n. One who makes or writes remarks 

CRIT'I-ClS-ING, ppr. or a. Examining and judging with 
regard to beauties and faults ; remarking on ; animad- 
verting on. 

CRITI-CISM, n. 1. The art of judging with propriety of 
the beauties and faults of a literary performance, or of 
any production in the fine arts ; as, the rules of criticism. 
2. The act of judging on the merit of a performance ; 
examination of beauties and faults ; critical observation, 
verbal or written. — Syn. Remark ; animadversion ; stric- 
ture ; censure. 

CRI-TiQUE' (kre-teekO, n. [Ft.] 1. A critical examination 
of the merits of a performance ; remarks or animadveB- 
sions on beauties and faults. 2. Science of criticism ; 
standard or rules of judging of the merit of performances. 
— Locke. 

€RIZ'Z.EL, >?i. A kind of roughness on the surface 

€RIZ'Z£L-ING, > of glass, which clouds its transparency. 

CRoAK, v. i. [Sax. cracettan ; Goth, krukyan.] 1. To make 
a low, hoarse noise in the throat as a frog or other ani- 
mal. 2. To caw ; to cry. as a raven or crow. 3. To make 
any low, muttering sound, resembling that of a frog or 
raven. 4. Figuratively, to forebode evil ; to grumble. 
[Often used familiarly ; as, a person is continually croak- 
ing.] Rich. Diet. — 5. In contempt, to speak with a low, 
hollow voice. 

CRoAK, n. The low, harsh sound uttered by a frog or 8 
raven, or a like sound. 

CRoAK'ER, n. One who croaks, murmurs, or grumbles 
one who complains unreasonably. 

€R5 AKTNG, ppr. or a. 1. Uttering a low, harsh sound from 
the throat, or other similar sound. 2. Foreboding evil ; 
grumbling. 

CR5AKTNG, 7?. 1. A low, harsh sound, a3 of a frog, or the 
bowels. 2. The act of foreboding evil ; grumbling. 

CRo'ATS, n. pi. Troops, natives of Croatia. 

CROCAL-lTE, n. A variety of the mineral natrolite, one 
of the zeolites. It has an orange or brick-red color, and 
occurs in uniform or globular masses, having a radiated 
structure. — Dana. 

CRo'CEOUS (kro'shus), a. [L. croceus.] Like saffron ; yel- 
lo_w ; consisting of saffron. 

CRo'CHES, n. pi. Little buds or knobs about the tops of a 
deer's horn. — F 



€ROC-I-TA'TION, n. [L. crocito.] A croaking. 

CROCK, n. [Sax. cruce, crocca.] An earthen vessel ; a pot 
or pitcher. 

CROCK, n. Soot or the black matter collected from com- 
bustion on pots and kettles, or in a chimney. — Ray. 

CROCK, v. t. or i. To black with soot, or other matter col- 
lected from combustion ; or to black with the coloring 
matter of cloth. — Forby. [Still heard in New England.] 

CRO€K'ER-Y, n. [W. crocan.] Earthen-ware ; vessels 
formed of clay, glazed and baked. The term is applied to 
the coarser kinds of ware ; the finer kinds being usually 
called china or porcelain. 

CROCKET, n. In Gothic architecture, a term applied to 
curved and bent foliage, running up on the edge of a gable, 
pinnacle, &c. — Brande. 

CROCKY*, a._ Smutty.— Forby. 

* CROC'O-DlLE, n. [Gr. KpoKofci\uS.] 1. A large amphibi- 

ous animal allied to the alligator, having the back and tail 
covered with large and square scales, ridged at the mid- 
dle. It inhabits the large rivers in Africa and Asia, and 
seizes on men and beasts. [See Alligator.]— 2. In rhet 
oric, a captious and sophistical argument. 

* CROC'O-DlLE, a. Pertaining to or like a crocodile. 

Crocodile tears, hypocritical lamentations ; a phrase derived 
from the fictions of early travelers, that crocodiles shed 
tears over those they devour. 

CROC-O-DIL'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the crocodile.— Buck- 
land. 

CROC-O-DIL'I-TY, n. In logic, a captious or sophistical 
mode of arguing. 

CRo'CUS, n. [Gr. kpokos.] 1. Saffron, a genus of plants.— 
2. In chemistry, a yellow powder ; any metal calcined to a 
red or deep-yellow color. 

CROFT, n. [Sax. croft.] A little field adjoining or near to 
a dwelling-house, and used for pasture, tillage, or otheT 
purposes. 

CROI-SiDE', n. [Fr.] A holy war ; an expedition of 
Christians against the infidels for the conquest of Pales- 
tine. See the more common word, Crusade. 

CROIS'ES, n. pi. 1. Soldiers engaged in a croisade, and 
wearing the badges of it — Burke. 2. Pilgrims wearing the 



DOVE ;— 1ULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH a? in this, t Obsolete 



CRO 



248 



CRO 



same badge, and accompanying the military expedition. — 
J. Murdoch. 3. Pilgrims who carry the cross. 

CRo'KER, n. A water fowl that inhabits the Chesapeake 
and the large rivers in Virginia. 

CROM'LECH, n. [W. cromlec.] A term applied to huge flat 
stones resting on other stones, set on end for that pur- 
pose ; supposed to be the remains of Druidical altars. 

CRO-MOR'NA, n. An organ stop, erroneously called cre- 
mona. It is the same word with the French cromerne 
and the German krummhorn (crooked horn), and has a 
sound resembling that of the oboe, though differing in 
quality. 

CROM-WEL'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cromwell. 

€RoNE, n. [Ir. criona.] 1. An old woman. — Dryden. 2. 
An old ewe. — Tusser. 

CRo'NET, n. [coronet.] 1. The hair which grows over the 
top of a horse's hoof. 2. The iron at the end of a tilting 
spade. 

I18n'y € € A a l lJ^ Acronical - 

CRo'NY, n. An intimate companion ; a familiar friend. 

CROOK, n. [Sw. krok.] 1. Any bend, turn, or curve; or a 
bent or curving instrument. 2. A shepherd's staff, curv- 
ing at the end ; a pastoral staff. 3. A gibbet. 4. An arti- 
fice ; a trick ; as, to attain an end " by hook or by crook." 

CROOK, v. t. [Fr. crochuer.] 1. To bend ; to turn from a 
straight line ; to make a curve or hook. 2. To turn from 
rectitude ; to pervert. — Bacon. 3. To thwart ; [little used.] 

CROOK, v. i. To bend or be bent ; to be turned from a 
right line ; to curve ; to wind. 

CRQOK'-BACK, n. A crooked back ; one who has a 
crooked back or round shoulders. — Shak. 

CROOK-BACKED (-bakt), a. Having a round back or 
shoulders.— Dryden. 

CROOK'-KNeED, a. Having crooked knees.— Shak. 

GROOK'-SHoUL'DER,ED, a. Having bent shoulders. 

CRQOK'ED, pp. or a. [part, pronounced krookt, and adj. 
krook'ed.] 1. Bent from a straight line. 2. Winding in 
moral conduct ; going out of the path of rectitude ; given 
to obliquity, or wandering from duty. — Syn. Curved; in- 
curvated ; curving ; winding ; bowed ; awry ; oblique ; 
wry ; deformed ; perverse ; deceitful ; devious ; froward. 

CROOK'ED-LY, adv. 1. In a winding manner. 2. Unto- 
wardly ; not compliantly. 

CROOK'ED-NESS, n. 1. A winding, bending, or turning ; 
curvity ; curvature ; inflection. 2. Perverseness ; unto- 
- wardness; deviation from rectitude; iniquity; obliquity 
of conduct. 3. Deformity of a gibbous body. 

t CROOK'EN, v. t. To make crooked. 

CROOKING, ppr. Bending ; winding. 

CROP, n. [Sax. crop, cropp.] 1. The first stomach of a fowl ; 
the craw. 2. The top or highest part of a thing ; the end. 
— Chaucer; [not in use.] 3. That which is gathered; the 
corn or fruits of the earth collected ; harvest. 4. Corn 
and other cultivated plants while growing. 5. Any thing 
cut off or gathered. 6. Hair cut close or short. 

CROP, v. t. 1. To cut off the ends of any thing ; to eat off; 
to pull off; to pluck ; to mow ; to reap. 2. To cut off pre- 
maturely ; to gather before it falls. 3. To cultivate or take 
crops from ; as, to crop a field ; f English.] 

t CROP, v. i. To yield harvest.—- Shak. 

CROP'-eAR, n. A horse whose ears are cropped. 

CROP-EARED, a. Having the ears cropped. 

CROP'-OUT, v. i. To ripen to a full crop.— In geology, 
when inclined strata, as of coal, come out to the surface, 
they are said to crop out. — Lyell. 

CROP-SICK, a. Sick with excess in eating or drinking. 

CROP'-SICK-NESS, n. Sickness from repletion. 

CROP'FUL, a. Having a full crop or belly ; satiated. 

CROPPED, > pp. or a. Cut off; plucked ; eaten off; reaped, 

CROPT, > or mowed. 

CROP'PER, n. A pigeon with a large crop.— Walton. 

CROP'PING, ppr. Cutting off; pulling off; eating off; reap- 
ing, or mowing. 

CROP'PING, n. 1. The act of cutting off. 2. The raising 
of crops. 

CRo'SIER (kro'zhur), n. [Fr. crosse.] 1. A bishop's crook 
or pastoral staff, a symbol of pastoral authority and care. 
2. A term sometimes applied to four stars in the southern 
hemisphere, in the form of a cross ; the Southern Cross. 

CROS'LET, n. A small cross. — In heraldry, a cross crossed 
at a small distance from the ends. 

CROSS, n. [W. croes.] 1. A gibbet consisting of two pieces 
of timber placed across each other, either in form of a T, 
or of an X. 2. The ensign of the Christian religion ; and 
hence, figuratively, the religion itself. 3. A monument 
with a cross upon it, to excite devotion, such as were an- 
ciently set in market places. 4. Any thing in the form of 
a cross. 5. A line drawn through another. 6. Any thing 
that thwarts, obstructs, or perplexes ; hindorance ; vexa- 
tion ; misfortune ; opposition ; trial of patience. 7. A 
mixing of breeds in producing animals. 8. Money or 
coin stamped with the figure of a cross. 9. The right side 



or fece of a coin, stamped with a cross. 10. The marlr 
of a ctoss, instead of a signature, on a deed, formerly im 
pressed by those who could not write. 11. Church lands 
in Ireland. — 12. In theology, the sufferings of Christ by 
crucifixion. 13. The doctrine of Christ's sufferings and 
of the atonement, or of salvation by Christ. — To take up 
the cross, is to submit to troubles and afflictions from love 
to Christ. — 14. In mining, two nicks cut in the surface of 
the earth, thus +. — Cross and pile, a play, in which a coin 
is thrown up to see whether it will fall with the cross or 
face upward, or the pile or reverse. 

CROSS, a. 1. Transverse ; oblique ; passing from side to 
side ; falling athwart. 2. Adverse ; opposite ; obstructing 
3. Perverse ; untractable ; vexatious ; froward. 4. Peev 
ish ; fretful ; ill-humored -, ill-tempered ; splenetic. 5. Con 
trary ; contradictory ; perplexing ; as, playing at cross 
purposes. 6. Adverse ; unfortunate. 7. Interchanged , 
as, a cross marriage. 8. Noting what belongs to an ad- 
verse party ; as, a cross examination. 

CROSS, prep. Athwart ; transversely ; over ; from side to 
side ; so as to intersect. — Dryden. 

CROSS, v. t. 1. To draw or run a line, or lay a body across 
another. 2. To erase ; to cancel. 3. To make the sign 
of the cross, as the Roman Catholics in devotion. 4. To 
pass from side to side ; to pass or move over ; as, to cross 
the room. 5. To thwart ; to obstruct ; to hinder ; to im- 
pede ; to retard ; to perplex ; to embarrass ; as, to cross 
his designs. 6. To counteract ; to clash or interfere with 
to be inconsistent with. 7. To counteract or contravene 
to hinder by authority ; to stop. , 8. To contradict.— 
Hooker. 9. To debar or preclude. — To cross the breed of 
an animal, is to produce young from different varieties of 
the species. 

CROSS, v. i. 1. To lie or be athwart. 2. To move or pass 
laterally, or from one side toward the other, or from 
place to place. 3. To be inconsistent. — Sidney; [not used.] 

GROSS'-aRMED, a. With arms across. — In botany, brachi- 
ate ; decussated ; having branches in pairs, each at right 
angles with the next. 

CROSS'-AR-RoW, n. An arrow of a cross-bow.— Beau- 
mont and Fletcher. [Sometimes spelled cross-barrow.] 

GROSS-BAR.RED (-bard), a. Secured by transverse bars. 

CROSS'-BAR-RoW, n. An arrow of a cross-bow. 

CROSS'-BXR-SHOT, n. A bullet with an iron bar passing 
through it. 

CROSS'-BEaR-ER, n. In the Roman Catholic Church, the 
chaplain of an archbishop, who bears a cross before him. 

CROSS-BILL, n. In chancery, an original bill by which 
the defendant prays relief against the plaintiff. 

CROSS-BILL, n. A bird which frequents pine forests ; so 
called from the form of the bill. 

CROSS'-BlTE, n. A deception ; a cheat. — L' Eetrange. 

CROSS'-BITE, v. t. To thwart or contravene by deception. 

CROSS'-BiT-ING, ppr. Thwarting by deception. 

CROSS'-BIT-TEN, pp. Contravened by deception. 

CROSS -Bo W, n. In archery, a weapon for shooting, formed 
by placing a bow athwart a stock. 

CROSS'-BoW-ER, n. One who shoots with a cross-bow 

CROSS'-BREED, n. A breed produced from the male and 
female of different breeds. 

CROSS'-BUN, n. A cake marked with the form of a cross. 

CROSS'-EX-AM-IN-I'TION, n. The examination or inter- 
rogation of a witness, called by one party, by the opposite 
party or his counsel. 

GROSS-EX-AM'INE, v. t. To examine a witness by the 
opposite party or his counsel, as the witness for the plain- 
tiff by the defendant, and vice versa. — Kent. 

€ROSS-EX-AM'iNED, pp. Examined or interrogated by 
the opposite party. 

CROSS-EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Examining or interrogating 
by the opposite party. 

€ROSS'-Ef ED (Tde), a. Having that sort of squint in which 
both the eyes turn toward the nose, so that the rays, in 
passing to each eye, cross each other. — Forby. 

CROSS'-FLoW, v. i. To flow across.— Milton. 

CROSS-GRAINED a. 1. Having the grain or fibres across 
or irregular, and hence difficult to work. — 2. Figuratively, 
perverse ; untractable ; not condescending. 

CROSS-JACK (kro'jak), n. A sail extended on the lower 
yard of the mizzen-mast ; but seldom used. 

CROSS'-LEGGED (kros'-leggd), a. Having the legs across. 

CROSS -LIKE, a. Having the form of a cross. 

GROSS'-PATCH, n. An ill-natured person.— Forby. 

CROSS'-PIeCE, n. A rail of timber extending over the 
windlass of a ship. 

CROSS'-PUR-POSE, n. A contrary purpose ; contradictory 
system ; also, a conversation in which one person does or 
pretends to misunderstand another's meaning. An enig- 
ma ; a riddle. 

CROSS-QUESTION, v. t. To cross-examine. 

CROSS-QUES'TLON-ING, ppr. Cross-examining. 

CROSS'-RE ADTNG, n. The reading of the fines of a news- 
paper directly across the page through the adjoining col- 



* See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD — MOVE, BOOK, 



CRO 



249 



CRO 



umns. thus confounding the sense, and often producing a 
ludicrous combination of ideas. 

CROSS'-RoVV, 7i. 1. The alphabet, so named because a 
cross was formerly placed at the beginning, to show that 
the end of learning is piety. 2. A row that crosses oth- 
ers. 

€PlOSS'-SEA, n. Waves running across others ; a swell 
running in different directions. 

CROSS'-STaFF, n. An instrument to take the altitude of 
the sun or stars. 

CROSS'-SToNE, n. A mineral ; called, also, harmotome and 
staurolite._ 

CROSS -TlN-ING, n. In husbandry, a harrowing by draw- 
ing the harrow or drag back and forth on the same ground. 

€ROSS'-TREES, n. pi. In ships, certain pieces of timber, 
supported by the cheeks and trestle-trees, at the upper 
ends of the lower masts and top-masts. 

CROSS'-WaY, \ n. A way or road that crosses another 

CROSS'-RoAD, ) road or the chief road ; an obscure 
path intersecting the main road. 

CROSS'- WIND, n. A side wind ; an unfavorable wind. 

€ROSS'-WiSE, adv. Across ; in tbe form of a cross. 

€ROSS'-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus valantia. 

CROSS'CUT, v. t. To cut across. 

CROSS'CUT-SAW, n. A saw managed by two men, one 
at each end. 

GROSS.ED (krost), pp. Having a line drawn over ; can- 
celed ; erased ; passed over ; thwarted ; opposed ; ob- 
structed ; counteracted. 

€ROSS-ETTE', n. [Ft.] In architecture, a term applied to 
the small projecting pieces in arch-stones which hang 
upon the adjacent stones. — Brande. 

CR-OSS'ING, ppr. Drawing ; running or passing a line over ; 
erasing ; canceling ; thwarting ; opposing ; counteract- 
ing ; passing over. 

CROSSING, n. 1. A thwarting ; impediment ,• vexation. 2. 
A passing across. 3. The place of passing ; as, the cross- 
ings of the street; 

€ROSS'LET. See Croslet. 

CROSS'LY, adv. 1. Athwart ; so as to intersect something 
else. 2. Adversely ; in opposition ; unfortunately. 3. 
Peevishly ; fretfully. 

CROSS'NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness ; ill-humor ; per- 
verseness. 

CROTCH, n. [Fr. croc] 1. A fork or forking ; the parting 
of two legs or branches. — Bacon Forby. — 2. In ships, a 
crooked timber p.aced on the keel, in the fore and aft 
parte of a ship. 3. A piece of wood or iron, opening on 
the top, and extending two horns or arms, like a half 
moon. 

€ROTCH£D (krocht), a. Having a crotch ; forked. 

€ROTCH'ET, n. [Fr. crochet, croche.] 1. In printing, a term 
applied to brackets or hooks including words, a sentence, 
or a passage distinguished from the rest, thus, [ ]. — 2. In 
music, a note or character, equal in time to half a minim 

and the double of a quaver, thus, f , 3. A piece of wood 

resembling a fork, used as a support in building. 4. A 
peculiar turn of the mind ; a whim or fancy ; a perverse 
conceit. 

CROTCHET, v. i. To play in a measured time of music. 

€ROTCH'ET-ED, a. Marked with crotchets. 

CROTCHET- Y, a. Having crotchets in the brain ; whim- 
sical. 

CRo'TON OIL, n. Oil from the Croton tiglium, a plant 
of the East. It is a violent cathartic, and raises small 
pustules when rubbed on the skin. — Brande. 

CROUCH, v. i. [G. kriechen, kroch, kruche.] 1. To bend 
down ; to stoop low ; to he close to the ground ; as an 
animal. 2. To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; 
to cringe. 

(■ CROUCH, v. t. To sign with the cross ; to bless. 

CROUCH'-BACK. See-CROOK-BACK. 

CROUCH'ED-FRlARS, n. pi. An order of friars, so called 
from the cross which they wore. 

CROUCHING, ppr. or a. Bending ; stooping ; cringing. 

CPtOUP (kroop), n. [Scot, croup, crape, critpe.] The "disease 
called technically cyuanche trachealis, an inflammation of 
the trachea, accompanied with a hoarse cough and diffi- 
cult respiration. It is vulgarly called rattles. 

CRoUP, n. [Fr. croupe.] The rump of a fowl ; the buttocks 
of a horse, or extremity of the reins above the hips. 

CRoU-PaDE', n. In the manege, a leap in which the horse 
pulls up his hind legs, as if he drew them up to his belly. 

CRoUTl-ER (kroo'pe-er), n. [Fr.] 1. He who watches the 
cards and collects the money at a gaming-table. — Smart. 
2. One who, at a public dinner-party, sits at the lower end 
of the table, as assistant chairman. 

CROUT, ) n. [G. kraut.] Sour-crout is made by laying 

KROUT, 5 minced or chopped cabbage in layers in a bar- 
rel, with a handful of salt and caraway seeds between the 
layers, then ramming down the whole, covering it, press- 
ing it with a heavy weight, and suffering it to stand till it 



has gone through fermentation. It is an efficacious pre* 
servative against scurvy. 
CRo W, n. [Sax. crawe.] 1. A large black fowl, of the genua 
corvus. — To pluck or pull a crow, is to be industrious or 
contentious about a trifle. 2. A bar of iron with a beak, 
crook, or two claws, used in raising and moving heavy 
weights, drawing spikes, &c. 3. The voice of the cock. 
4. The mesentery or ruffle of a beast ; [so called by butch- 
ers.] 
CRoW, v. i. ; pret. and pp. crowed ; formerly, pret. crew. 
[Sax. crawan.] 1. To cry or make a noise as a cock, in 
joy, gayety, or defiance. 2. To boast in triumph ; to 
vaunt ; to vapor ; to swagger. — Grandison. 
CRoW'-BaR, n. A bar of iron sharpened at one end, used 

as a lever for raising weights. 
€RoW'-BER-RY, n. A plant of the genus empetrum. 
CRoW'-FLOW-ER, n. A kind of campion. 
€Pi.oW-FOOT, n. 1. On board of ships, a complication of 
small cords spreading out from a long block. — 2. In bot- 
any, the ranunculus, a genus of plants, 
t CE-OW'-KEEP-ER, n. A boy employed to scare crows 
from new-sown land. This was formerly done, at times, 
by shooting at them with a bow ; and hence, Lear says, 
" that fellow handles his bow like a crow-keeper" that is, 
awkwardly, like one not trained to its use. — Forby. 
CRo W'-NET, n. In England, a net for catching wild fowls ; 

the net used in New England for catching wild pigeons 
CRoW'-SILK, n. A plant, the conferva rivalis. 
CRoW-ToE, n. A plant ; as the tufted crow-toe. 
CRoWS'-BILL, n. In surgery, a kind of forceps for ex- 
tracting bullets and other things from wounds, 
t CRoW'S'-FEET, n. pi. The wrinkles under the eyes, 

which are the effects of age. — Chaucer. 
CRoW'S'-FOOT, n. In the military art, a machine of iron, 

with four points ; a caltrop. 
CR.OWTNG, ppr. Uttering a particular voice, as a cock ; 

boasting in tiiumph ; vaunting; bragging. 
CROWD, \ n. [Ir. cruit.] An instrument of music with 
CROWTH, > six strings ; a kind of violin. 
CPv-OWD, n. [Sax. cruth, cread.] 1. Properly, a collection ; 
a number of things collected, or closely pressed together. 
2. A number of persons congregated and pressed together, 
or collected into a close body without order ; a throng. 3. 
A multitude ; a great number together ; as, a crowd of 
thoughts ; a crowd of islands. 4. A number of things near 
together ; a number promiscuously assembled or lying 
near each other. 5. The lower orders of people ; the pop- 
ulace ; the vulgar. — Syn. Concourse; confluence; gath- 
ering ; assembly ; assemblage ; throng ; group ; swarm ; 
shoal ; mob. 
CROWD, v. t. 1. To press ; to urge ; to drive together. 2. 
To fill by pressing numbers together without order. 3. 
To fill to excess. 4. To encumber by multitudes. 5. To 
urge ; to press by solicitation ; to dun ; as, to crowd a 
debtor. — 6. In seamanship, to crowd sail is to carry an ex- 
traordinary force of sail, with a view to accelerate the 
course of a ship, as in chasing or escaping from an enemy ; 
to carry a press of sail. 
CROWD, v. i. 1. To press in numbers. 2. To press ; to 

urge forward. 3. To swarm or be numerous. 
CROWD'ED, pp. or a. Collected and pressed ; pressed to- 
gether; urged; driven; filled by a promiscuous multitude. 
CROWD'ER, n. A fiddler ; one who plays on a crowd. 
CROWDING, ppr. Pressing together ; pushing ; thrusting ; 
driving ; assembling in a promiscuous multitude ; filling ; 
urging. 
CROWDING, n. The act of crowding ; the state of being 

crowded. 
CROWN, n. [Fr. couronne.] 1. An ornament worn on the 
head by kings and sovereign princes, as a badge of impe 
rial or regal'power and dignity. Figuratively, regal pow 
er ; royalty ; kingly government, or executive authority. 
2. A wreath or garland. 3. Honorary distinction ; reward. 
4. Honor; splendor; dignity. 5. The top of the head; the 
top of a mountain or other elevated object ; the end of an 
anchor. 6. The part of a bat which covers the top of the 
head. 7. A coin anciently stamped with the figure of a 
crown. 8. Completion ; accomplishment. 9. Clerical 
tonsure in a circular form ; a little circle shaved on the 
top of the head, as a mark of ecclesiastical office or dis- 
tinction. — 10. Among jewelers, the upper work of a rose 
diamond. — 11. In botany, an appendage to the top of a 
seed, which serves to bear it in the wind. — In architect- 
ure, the uppermost member of the cornice, called, also, 
the corona, or larmier. 
CR.OWN, v. t. 1. To invest with a crown or regal orna- 
ment. Hence, to invest with regal dignity and power. 2. 
To cover, as with a crown ; to cover the top. 3. To hon- 
or ; to dignify ; to adorn. 4. To reward ; to bestow an 
honorary reward or distinction on. 5. To reward ; to rec- 
ompense. 6. To terminate or finish ; to complete ; to 
perfect; as, to crown our wishes. 7. To terminate and 
reward ; as, the enterprise was crowned witp. success. 



D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— C asK; <J as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; TH as in this t Obsolete. 



CRU 



250 



CRU 



CROWN'-GLXSS, n. The finest sort of English window- 
glass. 
€ROWN'-IM-Pe'RI-AL, n. A plant of the genus fritillaria, 

having a beautiful liower. 
CltOWN'-OF-FiCE, n. In England, an office belonging to 
the court of King's Bench, of which the king's coroner or 
attorney is commonly master, and in which the attorney- 
general and clerk exhibit informations for crimes and 
misdemeanors. 
CROWN'-PoST, n. In building, a post which stands up- 
right in the middle, between two principal rafters. 
CROWN'-SCAB, n. A scab formed round the corners of a 

horse's hoof, a cancerous and painful sore. 
€ROWN'-THISTLE (-this'sl), n. A flower. 
CROWN'-WHEEL, n. 1. A wheel with cogs at right angles 
with its plane. — 2. In a watch, the wheel which drives the 
balance, called, in royal pendulums, the swing-wheel. 
CROWN'-WoRK (-wurk), n. In fortification, an out-work 
running into the field, consisting Oi two small fronts of 
fortification at the extremes, connected with the body of 
the place by two long branches. 
€ROWN£D, pp. or a. Invested with a crown, or with regal 
power and dignity ; honored ; dignified ; rewarded with 
a crown, wreath, garland, or distinction ; recompensed ; 
terminated ; completed ; perfected. 
CROWN'ER, n. He or that which crowns or completes. 
CROWN'ET, n. A coronet, which see. Shakspcare has 
used it for chief end or last purpose ; but this sense is sin- 
gular. 
CROWNING, ppr. or a. Investing with a crown, or with 
royalty or supreme power ; honoring with a wreath, or 
with distinction ; adorning ; rewarding ; finishing ; per- 
fecting. 
CROWNING, n. 1. In architecture, the upper termination 
or finish of a member or any ornamental work. — 2. In 
marine language, the finishing part of a knot, or inter- 
weaving of the strands at the end of a rope. 
CROWN'LESS, a. Without a crown.— Byron. 
CROYL'SToNE, n. Crystallized cauk, in which the crys- 
tals are small. — Johnson. 
CRoZE, n. A cooper's tool. 

CRu'ClAL (kru'shal), a. [Fr. cruciale.] 1. In surgery, trans- 
verse ; passing across ; intersecting ; in form of a cross 
2. Severe ; trying ; searching, as if bringing to the cross ; 
as, a crucial experiment. 
CRu'CIAN, n. A short, thick, broad fish, of a deep yellow 

color._ 
CRu'CIaTE (kru'shate), v. t. [L. cracio.] To torture ; to 
torment ; to afflict with extreme pain or distress ; [but the 
verb is seldom used.] See Excruciate. 
CRu'CIATE. a. Tormented. [Little rised.] 
CRU-CI-A'TION, n. The act ot torturing ; torment.— Hall. 

[Little used.] 
CRU'CI-BLE, n. [It. crogiuolo and crociuolo.] 1. A chemical 
vessel or melting-pot, usually made of earth, and so tem- 
pered and baked as to endure extreme heat without melt- 
ing. It is used for melting ores, metals, &c. — 2. In metal- 
lurgy, a hollow place at the bottom of a furnace to receive 
the melted metal. 
CRU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. crucifer.] 1. Bearing the cross.— 
2. In botany, a term applied to the cruciferce, a family of 
plants having the four petals of the flower in the form of 
a cross._ 
CRu'CI-FiED, pp. or a. Put to death on the cross. 
CRu'CI-Fl-ER, n. A person who crucifies ; one who puts 

another to death on a cross. 
CRu'CI-FIX, n. [L. crucifixus.] 1. A cross on which the 
body of Christ is fastened in effigy '. 2. A representation, 
in painting or statuary, of our Lord fastened to the cross. 
—3. Figuratively, the religion of Christ.— Taylor; [rare.] 
€RU-CI-FIX'ION (kru-se-fix'yun), n. The nailing or fasten- 
ing of a person to a cross, for the purpose of putting him 
to'death ; the act or punishment of putting a criminal to 
death by nailing him to a cross. 
CIlU'CI-FORM, a. [L. crux and forma.] Cross-shaped.— In 
botany, consisting of four equal petals, disposed in the form 
of a cross. The cruciform plants (cruciferce) embrace most 
of the culinary vegetables, except spinach. 
€RtJ'CI-FY, v. t. [L. crucifigo ; Fr. crucifier.] 1. To nail to 
a cross ; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to 
a cross.— 2. In Scriptural language, to subdue; to mortify; 
to destroy the power or ruling influence of. 3. To reject 
and despise. 4. To vex or torment. — Burton ; [not used.] 
CR.U'CI-FY-ING, ppr. Putting to death on a cross or gibbet ; 

subduing ; destroying the life and power of. 
CRU-ClG'ER-OUS, a. [L. cruciger.] Bearing the cross. 
CRUD, n. See Curd-, the usual orthography. 
CRUD'DLE, v. i. To curdle ; also, to stoop.— Brockett. 
CRuDE, a. [L. crudus.] 1. Raw; not cooked or prepared 
by fire or heat ; in its natural state ; undressed. 2. Not 
changed from its natural state ; not altered or prepared by 
any artificial process ; as, crude potash. 3. Rough ; harsh ; 
unripe ; not mellowed by air or other means. 4. Uncon 



cocted; not well digested in the stomach. 5. Not brought 
to perfection ; unfinished ; immature. 6. Having indigest 
ed notions ; as, one who is crude in his opinions. 7. Indi- 
gested ; not matured ; not well formed, arranged, or pre- 
pared in the intellect. — 8. In painting, a term applied to a 
picture when the colors are rudely laid on, and do not 
blend or harmonize. 

CRuDE'LY, adv. Without due preparation ; without form 
or arrangement ; without maturity or digestion. 

CRuDE'NESS, n. 1. Rawness ; unripeness ; an undigested 
or unprepared state. 2. A state of being unformed, or in- 
digested ; immatureness. 

€Ru'DI-TY, n. [L. cruditas.] Rawness ; crudeness ; some- 
thing in a crude state. — Among physicians, a term applied 
to undigested substances in the stomach. 

CRu'DLE, v. t. To coagulate. But this word is gonerally 
written curdle, which see. 

tCRO'DY, a. 1. Concreted; coagulated.— Spenser. 2. Raw; 
chill. — Shak. 

CRu'EL, a. [Fr. cruel; L. crudelis.] 1. Disposed to give 
pain to others, in body or mind ; willing or pleased to tor- 
ment, vex, or afflict. 2. Causing severe pain, affliction, or 
suffering ; applied to persons, and sometimes to things; 
as, a cruel remark. — Syn. Inhuman ; barbarous ; merci 
less; pitiless; savage; ferocious; brutal; brutish ; unmer 
ciful ; inexorable ; unrelenting ; fell ; severe ; unfeeling , 
hard-hearted; flinty. 

€RU'EL-LY, adv. 1. In a cruel manner ; with cruelty ; in- 
humanly ; barbarously. 2. Painfully ; with severe pain 
or torture. 

CRu'EL-NESS, n. Inhumanity ; cruelty. — Spenser. 

€Ru'EL-TY, n. [L. crudelitas ; Fr. cruaute.] 1. A savage or 
barbarous disposition or temper, which is gratified in giv- 
ing unnecessary pain or distress to others. — Shak. ; [ap 
plied to persons.] 2. Barbarous deed; any act of a human 
being which inflicts unnecessary pain ; any act intended 
to torment, vex, or afflict, or which actually torments or 
afflicts, without necessity ; wrong ; injustice ; oppression. 
— Syn. Inhumanity ; barbarity ; savageness ; ferocity ; 
brutality. 

CRu'EN-TaTE, a. [L. cruentatus.] Smeared with blood.— 
Glanville. [Little used.] 

CRU-ENT'OUS, a. [L. criientus.] Bloody. 

CRu'ET, n. [Fr. cruchette.] A vial, or small glass bottle, for 
holding vinegar, oil, &c. 

CRuISE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup. See Cruse. 

CRuISE, v. i. [D. kruissen.] To sail back and forth, or to 
rove on the ocean in search of an enemy's ships, for cap- 
ture, or for protecting commerce ; or to rove for plunder, 
as_ a pirate. 

CB.UISE, ii. A voyage made in crossing courses ; a sailing 
to and fro in search of an enemy's ships, or by a pirate in 
search of plunder. 

CROIS'ER, n. A person or a ship that cruises ; usually, an 
armed ship that sails to and fro for capturing an enemy's 
ships, for protecting the commerce of the country, or foi 
plunder. 

CRUISING, ppr. Sailing for the capture of an enemy's 
ships, or for protecting commerce, or for' plunder, as a 
pirate. 

CRUL'LER, n. A kind of crisped cake boiled in fat. See 
Kruller. 

CRUMB, ) n. [Sax. cruma.] A small fragment or piece ; 

CRUM, ) usually, a small piece of bread or other food, 
broken or cut oft". 

CRUM~ B ' \ v - L To break int0 sma11 P ieces witn the fingers. 
CRUMB'-CLOTH, n. A cloth laid under a table to receive 

crumbs and keep the carpet or floor clean. 
CRUM'BLE, v. t. [D. kruimclen ; Ger. kri'imeln.] To break 

into small pieces ; to divide into minute parts. 
CRUM'BLE, v. i. 1. To fall into small pieces ; to break or 

part into small fragments. 2. To fall to decay ; to perish. 
CRUM'BLi?D, pp. or a. Broken or parted into small pieces. 
CRUM'BLING, ppr. or a. Breaking into small fragments ; 

falling into small pieces ; decaying. 
tCRu'ME-NAL, 11. [L. crumena'] A yurse— Spenser. 
CRUM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being broken into small 

pieces. 
CRUM'MY, a. Full of crumbs ; soft. 

CRUMP, a. [Sax. crump.] Crooked ; as, cramp-shouldered 
CRUMP'ET, ii. A soft cake, baked upon an iron plate. 
CRUM'PLE, v. i. To draw or press into wrinkles or folds : 

to rumple or crook. — Addison. 
CRUM'PLE, v. i. To contract; to shrink.— Sm ith. 
CRUM'PLJED, pp. or a. Drawn or pressed into wrL^les. 
CRUM'PLING, ppr. Drawing or pressing into wrinkles. 
CRUM'PLING, n. A small, degenerate apple. 

t €RUNK ; LE \ v - l To cry like a Crane " 
■GROOR, n. [L.] Gore ; coagulated blood. 

CR5UP \ n - The buttocks. 



Set Synopsis. A, E, I. Ac long.— I, E, I, &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



CRU 



251 



CRY 



* CRUP, a. Short ; brittle. 

* GRUPTER (kroop'er), n. [Fr. croupiere.] 1. In the man- 

ege, tie buttocks of a horse ; the rump. 2. A strap of 
leather which is buckled to a saddle, and, passing under a 
horse's tail, prevents the saddle from being cast forward 
on to the horse's neck. 

* CRUP'PER (kroop'er), v. t. To put a crupper on. 
CRu'RAL, a. [L. cruralis.] 1. Belonging to the leg ; as the 

crural arteries, which convey blood to the legs, and the 
crural veins, which return it. 2. Shaped like a leg or 
root.— Brande. 

CRU-SXDE', n. [Fr. crotsade.] A military expedition, under- 
taken by authority of the Roman Catholic Church, for the 
recovery of the Holy Land. The soldiers had crosses of 
different colors upon their outer garments, as badges, and 
thence took the name of crusaders. The term has also 
been applied to military expeditions against the Walden- 
ses and others who dissented from the Church of Rome. 

CRU-SaDE', n. A Portuguese coin, stamped with a cross. 

CRU-SaD'ER, n. A person engaged in a crusade. 

CRU-Sa'DO, n. The same as crusade. 

CRuSE, 72. [D. kroes.t A small cup. — In New England, it 
is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vin- 
egar, called a vinegar-cruse. 

CRu'SET, n. [Fr. creuset.] A goldsmith's crucible or melt- 
ing pot. — Phillips. 

CRUSH, v. t. [Fr. ecraser ; Sw. krossa.] 1. Literally, to press 
or squeeze into a mass, so as to destroy the previous con- 
tinuity of the parts ; as, to crush sugar ; to crush apples ; 
to crush one's limbs ; the man was crushed by a falling 
rock. 2. Figuratively, to overwhelm and beat down by 
power ; as, to crush a rebellion ; to be crushed by despot- 
ism. To crush a cup of wine, to master or drink it. — Shak. 
Syn. To break ; bruise ; pound ; subdue ; overpower ; 
prostrate ; conquer ; oppress. 

CRUSH, v. i. To be pressed into a smaller compass by ex- 
ternal weight or force. 

CRUSH, n. A violent collision, or rushing together, which 
breaks or bruises the bodies ; or a fall that breaks or 
bruises into a confused mass. 

CRUSHED (krusht), pp. or a. Pressed or squeezed so as 
to break or bruise ; overwhelmed or subdued by power ; 
broken or bruised by a fall ; grievously oppressed ; brok- 
en or bruised to powder ; comminuted. 

CRUSHER, n. One who crushes. 

CRUSHING, ppr. or a. Pressing or squeezing into a mass, 
or until broken or bruised ; overwhelming ; subduing by 
force ; oppressing ; comminuting. 

CRUST, n. [~L. crusta.] 1. An external coat or covering of 
a thing, which is hard, or harder than the internal sub- 
stance. 2. A deposit from wine as it ripens, collected on 
the interior of bottles, &c, and consisting of tartar and 
coloring matter. 3. A piece of crust ; a waste piece of 
bread. 4. A shell, as the hard covering of a crab and some 
other animals. 5. A scab. 6. The superficial substances 
of the earth are, in geology, called its crust. 

CRUST, v. t. 1. To cover with a hard case or coat ; to 
spread over the surface a substance harder than the mat- 
ter covered. 2. To cover with concretions. 

CRUST, v. i. To gather or contract into a hard covering ; 
to concrete or freeze, as superficial matter. 

€RUS-Ta'CE-A (-she-a), n. pi. One of the classes of the ar- 
ticulated animals (articulata), including lobsters, shrimps, 
and crabs ; so called from the crust-like shell with which 
the body and legs are covered.,— Dana. 

CRUS-Ta'CEAN. n. or a. See Crustacea. 

CRUS-Ta-CE-OL'O-g Y, n. The science which treats of the 
Crustacea. 

€RUS-Ta-CE-0-L06'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to crustaceology. 

€RUS-Ta-CE-OL'0-6IST, n. One who is versed in the sci- 
ence of crustaceology. 

CRUS-Ta'CEOUS (krus-ta'shus), a. [Fr. crustacee.] Pertain- 
ing to crust ; like crust ; of the nature of crust or shell ; 
belondng to the Crustacea. 

CRUS-Ta'CEOUS-NESS, n. The quality of having a soft 
and jointed shell. 

CRUST'a-TED, a. Covered with a crust. 

CRUST- A'TION, n. An adherent crust ; incrustation. 

CRUSTED, pp. Covered with a crust. 

CRUSTI-LY, adv. Peevishly; harshly; morosely. 

CRUST'I-NESS, ?i. 1. The quality of crust; hardness. 2. 
Peevishness ; moroseness ; surliness. 

CRUSTING, ppr. Covering with crust 

CRUSTY, a. 1. Like crust ; of the nature of crust ; pertain- 
ing to a hard covering ; hard. 2. Figuratively, abrupt in 
speech or manner. [In the old writers crust is used.] — Syn, 
Surly; snappish; short; peevish; morose. 

CRUT, n. The rough shaggy part of oak bark. 

CRUTCH, n. [It. croccia.] 1. A staff with a curving cross- 
piece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, 
to support the lame in walking. 2. Figuratively, old age. 

CRUTCH, v. t. To support on crutches ; to prop or sustain, 
with miserable helps, that which is feeble. 



CRUTCHED, pp. or a. [part, pronounced krutcht, and adj. 
krutch'ed.] Supported with crutches. — Crutched friars. 
See Crouched Friars. 

CRUX, n. [L.l Any thing that puzzles, vexes, or tries in 
the highest degree. — Dr. Sheridan. [Little used.] 

CRu'YS-HAGE, n. A fish of the shark kind. 

CRU-ZI'DO. See Crusado. 

CRY, v. i. ; pret. and pp. cried. [Fr. crier.] 1. To utter a 
loud voice ; to speak, call, or exclaim with vehemence. 
2. To call importunately ; to utter a loud voice, by way 
of earnest request or prayer. 3. To utter a loud voice in 
weeping ; to utter the voice of sorrow ; to lament 4. To 
utter a loud sound in distress. 5. To exclaim ; to utter a 
loud voice ; with out. 6. To proclaim ; to utter a loud 
voice, in giving public notice. 7. To bawl ; to squall ; as 
a child. 8. To yelp, as a dog. It may be used for the ut- 
tering of a loud voice by other animals. — To cry against. 
to erclaim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof, 
threatening, or censure. — To cry out. 1. To exclaim ; to 
vociferate ; to scream ; to clamor ; to shout. 2. To com- 
plain loudly. — To cry out against, to complain loudly, 
with a view to censure ; to blame ; to utter censure. — To 
cry to, to call on in prayer ; to implore. 

CRY, v. t. To proclaim ; to name loudly and publicly for 
giving notice. — To cry down. 1. To decry ; to depreciate 
by words or in writing ; to dispraise ; to condemn. 2. 
To overbear. — To cry up, to praise-j to applaud; to extol. 

CRY, n. ; plu. Cries. 1. In a general' sense, a loud sound ut- 
tered by the mouth of an animal ; applicable to the voice 
of man or beast, and articulate or inarticulate. 2. A loud 
or vehement sound, uttered in weeping, or lamentation 
it may be a shriek or scream. 3. Clamor; outcry. 4. 
Exclamation of triumph, of wonder, or of other passion. 
5. Proclamation ; public notice. 6. The notices of hawk- 
ers of wares to be sold in the street are called cries. 7. 
Acclamation ; expression of popular favor. 8. A loud 
voice in distress, prayer, or request ; importunate call. 9. 
Public reports or complaints ; noise ; fame ; as, the cry 
of Sodom is great. 10. Bitter complaints of oppression 
and injustice. 11. The sound or voice of irrational ani 
mals ; expression of joy, fright, alarm, or want. 12. A 
pack of dogs. 

CRy'AL, n. [W. cregyr.] The heron. — Ainsworth. 

CRY'ER. n. See Crier. 

CRy'ER, n. A kind of hawk, called the falcon gentle, an en- 
emy to pigeons, and very swift. 

CRY'ING, ppr. Uttering a loud voice ; proclaiming, &c 

CRY'ING, a. Notorious ; common ; great — Addison. 

CRY'ING, n. Importunate call ; clamor ; outcry. 

CRY'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. Kpvog and Xjflos.] A rare mineral 
from Greenland ; a fluorid of sodium and aluminum ; a 
fluate of soda and alumine. 

CRY-OPH'O-RUS, n. [Gr. xpvoS and cbopsw.] Frost-bearer; 
an instrument contrived by Dr. Wollaston for freezing 
water by its own evaporation. 

CRYPT, n. [Gr. kOv-tu).] A subterranean cell or cave, espe- 
cially under a church, for the interment of persons ; also, a 
subterranean chapel or oratory, and the grave of a martyr. 

CRYP'TIC-AL \ a - Hidden ; secret ; occult— Watts. 

CRYPTIC-AL-LY, adv. Secretly. 

€RYP-TO-Ga'MI-A, \n. [Gr. K pv-To<, and yauos.] Literally, 

CRYP-TOGA-MY, > concealed fructification. In botany, 
a class of plants whose stamens and pistils are not dis- 
tinctly visible. — Linnceus. — Edin. Encyc. 

CRYP-TO-Gl'MI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to plants of the class 

CRYP-TO-GAM'IC, > crypto gania; including ferns, moss 

€Pv.YP-TOGA-MOUS, ) es, sea-weeds, mushrooms, <fec. 

CRYP-TOGA-MIST, n. One who is skilled in cryptogamic 
botany. — Lindley. 

CRYP-TOG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes in secret char 
acters. 

CRYP-TO-GRAPH'IC-AL, a. Written in secret characters 
or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink. 

CRYP-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. K pv- T o<; and ypaQu.] The act 
or art of writing in secret characters ; also, secret charac- 
ters or cipher. 

CRYP-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. K pv- T oS and Aoyof.J Secret or 
enigmatical language. 

CRYSTAL, n. [L. crystallus.] 1. In chemistry and mineralo- 
gy, an inorganic body, which, by the operation of affinity, 
has assumed the form of a regular solid, terminated by a 
certain number of plane and smooth surfaces. 2. A lacti- 
tious body, cast in the glass-houses, called crystal glass ; 
a species of glass, more perfect in its composition and 
manufacture than common glass. 3. A substance of any 
kind having the form of a crystal. 4. The glass of a watch- 
case. — Rock crystal or mountain crystal, a general name for 
all the transparent crystals of quartz, particularly of limp- 
id or colorless quartz. 

CRYSTAL, a. Consisting of crystal, or like crystal; clear; 
transparent ; lucid ; pellucid. 

CRYS'TAL-FORM, a. Having the form of crystal 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ; -AN"GER, WCIOUS.— C asK; & as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



CUB 



252 



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GRYS TAL'LI-NA, n. An alkaloid obtained from indigofera 
tinctoria, the Indigo plant. 

GRYS"! AL-LINE, a. [L. crystallinus.] 1. Consisting of crys- 
tal. 2. Resembling crystal ; pure ; clear ; transparent ; 
pellucid. — Crystalline humor, or crystalline lens, a lentiform 
pellucid body, composed of a very white, transparent, firm 
substance, inclosed in a membranous case or capsule, and 
situated in a depression in the anterior or front part of the 
vitreous humor of the eye. 

GRYS'TAL-LlTE, n. A name given to whinstone, cooled 
slowly after fusion. — Hall. 

GRYS'TAL-LlZ-A-BLE, a. That may be crystallized ; that 
may form or be formed into crystals. 

CRYS-TAL-LI-Za'TION, n. 1. The act or process by which 
the parts of a solid body, separated by the intervention of 
a fluid or by fusion, again coalesce or unite, and form a 
solid body. 2. The mass or body formed by the process 
of crystallizing. 

GRYS'TAL-LlZE, v. t. To cause to form crystals. 

GRYS'TAL-LlZE, v. i. To be converted into a crystal ; to 
unite, as the separate particles of a substance, and form a 
determinate and regular solid. 

GRYS'TAL-LlZ£D. pp. or a. Formed into crystals. 

GRYSTAL-LlZ-ING, ppr. Causing to crystallize ; forming 
or uniting in crystals. 

GRYS-TAL-LOG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes crystals, 
or the manner of their formation. 

GRYS-TAL-LO-GRAPH'IG, \a. Pertaining to crystal- 

GRYS-TAL-LO-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 lography. 

GRYS-TAL-LO-GRAPH'IG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of 
crystallography. 

GRYS-TAL-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [crystal, and ypacpn.] 1. The 
doctrine or science of crystallization. 2. A discourse or 
treatise on crystallization. 

CTE-NOID'ANS {te-noid'-), n. pi. [Gr. (era? and et6os.] The 
third order of fishes established by Agassiz ; having scales 
with rough and jagged edges, as the perch. 

GUB, n. 1. The young of certain quadrupeds, as of the bear 
and the fox ; a puppy ; a whelp. Waller uses the word 
for the young of the whale. 2. A young boy or girl, [in 
contempt.'] — Shak. 

t GUB, n. A stall for cattle. 

GUB, v. i. To bring forth a cub or cubs. In contempt, to 
bring forth young, as a woman. 

t GUB, v. t. To shut up or confine. — Burton. 

GUB'-DRAWN, a. Drawn or sucked by cubs ; applied by 
Shakspeare to the bear. 

GU-Ba'TION, n. [L. cubatio.] The act of lying down ; a re- 
clining. — Diet. 

Gu'BA-TO-RY, a. Lying down ; reclining ; incumbent. 

Cu'BA-TURJE, n. The finding exactly the solid or cubic 
contents of a body. — Harris. 

CUBBED' (kubd'), pp. Brought forth ; shut up ; confined. 

CUB'BING, ppr. Bringing forth, as beasts ; shutting up. 

GuBE, n. [Gr. kv6oS ; L. cubus.] 1. \a. geometry, a regular sol- 
id body, with six equal square sides, and containing equal 
angles. — 2. In arithmetic, the product of a number multi- 
plied into itself, and that product multiplied into the same 
number. — Cube-root is the number or quantity which, mul- 
tiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces the 
cube. 

CUBE, v. t. To raise to the third power, by multiplying a 
number into itself twice. 

GuBE'-oRE, n. An ore of a green color, consisting of arsen- 
ic acid and iron. 

GC'BEB, n. [Sp. cubeba.] The small spicy or aromatic berry 
of the piper cubeba. 

Gu'BIG, ? a. [L. cubicus.] Having the form or proper- 

Gfj"BI€-AL, 3 ties of a cube ; that may be or is contained 
within a cube. — Cubic equation, in algebra, an equation in 
which the highest or only power of the unknown quan- 
tity is a cube. — Cubic number is a number produced by 
multiplying a number into itself, and that product by the 
same number. 

CtJ'BIC-AL-LY, adv. In a cubical method. 

GfJ'BIG-AL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being cubical. 

CU-BIC'U-LAR, a. [L. cubiculum.] Belonging to a cham- 
ber. 

CU-BIG'U-LA-RY, a. [L. cubiculum.] Fitted for the posture 
of lying down. [Little used.] 

Gu'BI-FORM, a. Having the form of a cube;— Coze. 

Gu'BIT, n. [L. cubitus.] 1. In anatomy, the forearm ; the 
ulna, a bone of the arm from the elbow to the wrist. — 2. 
In mensuration, the length of a man's arm from the elbow 
to the extremity of the middle finger. The cubit, among 
the ancients, was of a different length among different na- 
tions. Dr. Arbuthnot states the Roman cubit at 17 inches 
and 4 tenths ; the cubit of the Scriptures at a little less 
than 22 inches ; and the English cubit at 18 inches. 

CCBIT-AL, a. 1. Of the length or measure of a cubit.— 
Brown. 2. Pertaining to the cubit, or ulna. 

GtJ'BIT-ED, a. Having the measure of a cubit. 

GUB'LESS, a. Having no cubs. 



CCBO-DO-DEG-A-He'DRAL, a. Presenting the two forms, 

a cube and a dodecahedron. — Cleaveland. 
GU'BO-OC-TA-He'DRAL, a. Presenting a combination of 

the two forms, a cube and an octahedron. 
Cu'BOID, a. Having nearly the form of a cube. 
GU-BOID'AL, a. [Gr. kv6os and eiSoS-] Nearly in the shape 

of a cube. 
GUGK'ING-STOOL, n. A ducking-stool, called also a turn 

brel, used anciently for punishing unruly persons, espe 

daily scolds and refractory women. 
GUGK'OLD, re. [Chaucer, cokewold ; Fr. cocu.] A man whose 

wife is false to his bed ; the husband of an adulteress. 
GUGK'OLD, v. t. 1. To make a man a cuckold by criminal 

conversation with his wife. 2. To make a husband a 

cuckold by criminal conversation with another man. 
GUGK'OLD-MaK-ER, n. One who has criminal conversa- 
tion with another man's wife ; one who makes a cuckold. 

— Dryden. 
CUGK/OLD-D6M, n. The act of adultery ; the state of a 

cuckold. — Dryden. 
GUGK'OLD-LY, a. Having the qualities of a cuckold; 

mean ; sneaking. — Shak. 
GUCK'OLD-ED, pp. Made a cuckold. 
GUGK'OO (kook'oo), n. [L. cuculus ; Fr. coucou.] A bird of 

the genus cuculus, whose name is supposed to be called 

from its note. 
CUGK'OO-BUD, n. The plant crow-foot, or butter-cup.- 

Shak. 
GUGK'OO-FLOW-ER, n. A plant; a species of lady's 

smock, or cardamine. 
CUCK'OO-LlKE, a. Like the cuckoo. 
GUGK'OO-PlNT, n. A plant of the genus arum. 
GUGK'OO-SPIT, )n. A dew or exudation found oh 

GUGK'OO-SPIT-TLE, > plants, especially about the joints 

of lavender and rosemary, 
t CUC'QUeAN, n. [Fr. coquine.] A vile, lewd woman. 
GtJ'CUL-LATE, ) a. [L. cucullatus.] 1. Hooded; cowled, 
€u'GUL-La-TED, > covered as with a hood. 2. Having the 

shape or resemblance of a hood ; or wide at the top, and 

drawn to a point below, in shape of a conical roll of paper 
* CtJ'CUM-BER, n. [Fr. coucombre, or concombre ; from L. 

cuevmer, or cucumis.] The name of a plant and its fruit, 

of the genus cucumis. 
C U'GUR-BIT, )n. [L. cucurbita.] A chemical vessel in the 
Gu'GUR-BlTE, 5 shape of a gourd ; but some of them are 

shallow, with a wide mouth. 
GU-GUR-BI-TI'CEOUS, a. Resembling a gourd. 
€U-GUR'BI-TiVE, a. A word applied to small worms. shaped 

like the seeds of a gourd. 
CUD, n. 1. The food which ruminating animals chew at 

leisure, when not grazing or eating ; or that portion of it 

which is brought from the first stomach and chewed at 

once. 2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and 

chewed. 3. The inside of the mouth or throat of a beaat 

that chews the cud. 
CUD'BEIR, n. A plant much employed in dyeing. It gives 

a purple color. 
tCUD'D_EN ) 
I riTjrj'T) Y ' \ n - A clown ; a low rustic ; a dolt. — Dryden. 

GUD'DLE, v. i. [Arm. cuddyo.] To retire from sight; to lie 
close or snug ; to squat. — Prior. 

GUD'DLE, v. t. To hug ; to fondle.— Holloway. 

GUD'D Y, n. 1. A small cabin in the fore-part of a lighter oi 
boat. Hence, 2. A very small apartment. 3. The cole-fish. 

GUD'GEL, n. [W. cogel.] - A short, thick stick of wood, such 
as may be used by the hand in beating. — To cross the cud 
gels, to forbear the contest ; a phrase borrowed from the 
practice of cudgel-players, who lay one cudgel over another. 

GUD'GEL, v. t. 1. To beat with a cudgel or thick stick. - 
Swift. 2. To beat in general. — Shak. 

GUD'gEL-PROOF, a. Able to resist a cudgel ; not to be 
hurt by beating. — Hudibras. 

GUD'gELED, pp. Beaten with a cudgel. 

GUD'GEL-ER, n. One who beats with a cudgel 

GUD'GEL-ING, ppr. Beating with a cudgel. 

CUD'LE (kudl), n. A small sea-fish.— Carcw. 

GUD'WEED, n. A plant of the genus gnaphalium ; called, 
also, everlasting, because the flowers retain their beauty for 
years, if plucked in dry weather. 

CUE, n. [Fr. queue ; L. cauda] 1. The tail ; the end of a 
thing, as the long curl of a wig, or a long roll of hair. 2. 
The last words of a speech, which a player, who is to an, 
swer, catches, and regards as an intimation to begin ; a 
catch-word. 3. A hint ; an intimation ; a short direction ; 
as, to give a person his cue. 4. The part which any man 
is to play in his turn. 5. Humor ; turn or temper of mind , 
[vulgar.] 6. A farthing or farthing's worth. 7. The straijjM 
rod used in playing billiards. 

GUER'PO, (kwer'po), n. [Sp. cuerpo.] To be in cuerpo, is to 
be without cloak or upper garment; not in full dress 
Hence it is also applied to one whose person is unpro 
tected ; as, " exposed in cuerpo to their rage." — Hudibras. 

GUFF, n. 1. A blow with the fist; a stroke; a box. 2. .1 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, .fee, long.— A, e. I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD —MOVE, BQQK, 



CUL 



25» 



CUM 



la used of fowls that fight with their talons. — To be atfisty- 
cuffs, to fight with blows of the fist. 

PUFF, v. t. To strike with the fist, as a man ; or with talons 
or wings, as a fowl. — Dryden. 

CUFF, v. i. To fight ; to scuffle.— Dryden. 

GUFF, n. The fold at the end of a sleeve ; the part of a 
sleeve turned back from the hand. 

GUFF£D (kuft), pp. Struck with the fist. 

CUFF'ING, ppr. Striking with the fist. 

Cf/FIC, a. The cufic characters of the Arabic language are 
thoseused in the time of Mohammed. ' 

€111 Bo' NO (kl bo'no), [L.] For whose benefit {cui est bono). 

CUIN'AgE (kwin'aje), n. The stamping of pigs of tin by 
the proper officer, with the arms of the Duchy of Corn- 
wall; a corruption of Coinage. — M'Culloch. 

* CUl-RASS' (kwe-ras'), n. [Fr. cuirasse.] A breast-plate ; a 

piece of defensive annor. 
CUi-RAS-SIeR' (kwe-ras-seer 7 ), n. A soldier armed with a 
cuirass, or breast-plate. — Milton. 

* CUISH (kwis), n. [Fr. cuisse.] Defensive armor for the 

thighs. — Dryden. 

CUl-Si'NE' (kwe-zeen'), n. [Fr.] The cooking department ; 
cookery. 

CUL'DEE, n. [L. cultores Dei.] A monkish priest, remark- 
able for religious duties. The Culdees formerly inhabited 
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. 

€UL DE Sa£, n. [Fr.] Literally, the bottom of the bag ; 
and, figuratively, a street which is not open at both ends. 
— Bouvier. 

CUL'ER-AgE, n. [Fr. cul.] Another name of the arse smart. 

CU-LIC'I-FORM (ku-lis'e-form), a. [L. culex.] Of the form 
or shape of a flea ; resembling a flea. 

€C'LI-NA-RY, a. [L. culinarius.] Relating to the kitchen, 
or to the art of cookery ; used in kitchens. — Newton. 

CULL, n. A fool; one who is easily imposed upon. See 
Cully. 

CULL, v. t. [qu. Fr. cueillir.] To pick out; to separate one 
or more tilings from others ; to select from many. 

CULL.ED, pp. Picked out; selected from many. 

€UL'LP]N-DER, n. A strainer. This, which is the more 
regular spelling, is now used in some standard English 
works. See Colander. 

CULL'ER, n. One who picks or chooses from many ; an 
inspector who selects merchantable hoops and staves for 
market. 

CUL'LET, n. Broken glass to be melted over. — Brande. 

CULL-I-BILT-TY, n. Credulity; easiness of being gulled.— 
Swift. 

CULL'ING, ppr. Selecting; choosing from many. 

CULLING, n. Any thing separated or selected from a mass ; 
refuse. — Drayton. 

CULL'ION (kul'yun), n. [It. coglione.] 1. A mean wretch. 
If from cully, one easily deceived ; a dupe. — Dryden. 2. 
[L. coleus.] A round or bulbous root ; orchis. 
CULLION-LY, a. Mean; base.— Shah. 

CUL'LIS, n. [Fr. coulis.} 1. Broth of boiled meat strained. 
2. A kind of jelly. 

CUL'LUM-BlNE. See Columbine. 

CULL'Y, n. A person who is meanly deceived, tricked, or 
imposed on, as by a sharper, jilt, or strumpet ; a mean 
dupe. 

CULL'Y, v. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive ; to trick, cheat, or 
impose on ; to jilt. 

CULL'Y-ING, ppr. Deceiving ; tricking. 

CULL'Y-ISM, n. The state of a cully. [Cully and its deriva- 
tives are not elegant words.] 

CULM, n. [L. culmus.] 1. In botany, the 6talk or stem of 
corn and grasses, usually jointed and hollow, and support- 
ing the leaves and fructification. 2. The straw or dry 
stalks of corn and grasses. 3. A provincial name for an- 
thracite coal. — 4. Culm of coal, comminuted anthracite 
coal. — Gilbert. 

CUL'MEN, n. [L.] Top ; summit.— Sir T. Herbert. 

CUL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. culmus and fero.] 1. Bearing 
culms. Culmiferous plants have a smooth jointed stalk, 
and their seeds contained in chaffy husks, as wheat, rye, 
oats, and barley. 2. Abounding in culm or glance coal. 

CUL'MIN-aTE, v. u [L. culmen.] To be vertical; to come 
or be in the meridian ; to be in the highest point of alti- 
tude, as a planet. 

CUL'MIN-ATE, a. Growing upward, as distinguished from 
a lateral growth. — Dana. 

€UL'MIN-A-TING, ppr. or a. Being a^the meridian ; having 
its highest elevation. 

CUL-MIN-I'TION, n. 1. The transit of a heavenly body over 
the meridian, or highest point of altitude for the day. 2. 
Top ; crown. 

€UL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. Blamableness ; culpableness. 

€UL'PA-BLE, a. [Low L.culpabilis.] 1. Deserving censure, 
as the person who has done wrong, or the act, conduct, or 
negligence of the person. 2. Guilty of; [not used.] — Syn. 
Blamable ; blameworthy ; censurable ; faulty ; wrong ; 
criminal ; immoral ; sinful. 



CUL'PA-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness; guilt; the quality 
of deserving blame. 

CUL'PA-BL Y, adv. Blamably ; in a faulty manner ; in a man- 
ner to merit censure. 

CUL'PRIT, n. 1. A person arraigned in court for a crime. 

2. Any person convicted of a crime; a criminal. 

CUL'TER, n. [L.] A colter, which see. 

CUL-TI-ROS'TRAL, a. [L. cuter and rostrum.] A term ap- 
plied to birds having a bill shaped like the colter of a plow, 
or like a knife, as the heron. — Partington. 

CUL-TI-VaTA-BLE, ) a. Capable ofbeing tilled or culti 
CULTI- VA-BLE, 5 vated.— Edwards, W.Iad. 
CUL'TI-VaTE. v. t. [Fr. cuhiver.] 1. To till; to prepare 
for crops ; to manure, plow, dress, sow, and reap ; to la- 
bor en, manage, and improve in husbandry. 2. To im- 
prove by labor or study ; to advance the growth of; to re- 
fine and improve by correction of faults and enlargement 
of powers or good qualities ; as, to cultivate one's talents. 

3. To study; to labor to improve or advance. 4. To cher- 
ish ; to footer ; to labor to promote and increase ; as, to 
cultivate generous feelings. 5. To improve ; to meliorate, 
or to labor to make better ; to correct ; to civilize ; as, to 
cultivate the untamed savage. 6. To raise or produce by 
tillage. 

CULTI-Va-TED, pp. or a. Tilled ; improved in excellence 
or condition; corrected and enlarged ; cherished; melior- 
ated ; civilized ; produced by tillage. 

CULTI- VX-TING, ppr. Tilling ; preparing for crops ; im- 
proving in worth or good qualities ; meliorating ; enlarg- 
ing: correcting; fostering; civilizing; producing by tillage. 

CUL-TI-Va'TION, n. 1. The art or practice of tilling and 
preparing for crops ; the management of land. 2. Study, 
care, and practice directed to improvement, correction, 
enlargement, or increase ; the application of the means of 
improvement. 3. The producing by tillage. — Syn. Hus- 
bandry ; culture; civilization ; refinement; melioration; 
advancement. 

CULTI-Va-TOR, n. 1. One who tills or prepares land for 
crops ; one who manages a farm, or carries on the opera- 
tions of husbandry in general; a farmer; a husbandman ; 
an agriculturist. 2. One who studies or labors to improve, 
to promote, and advance in good qualities, or in growth. 
3. A kind of harrow. 

CUL'TRATE, ) a. [L. cultratus.] Sharp-edged and point- 

CULTRa-TED, 5 ed ; shaped like a pmning-knife. 

CULTURE, n. [L. cultura.] 1. The act of tilling and pre 
paring the earth for crops ; cultivation ; the application of 
labor, or other means of improvement. 2. The appli- 
cation of labor or other means to improve good qualities 
in, or growth. 3. The application of labor or other means 
in producing. 4. Any labor or means employed for im- 
provement, correction, or growth. 

CULTURE, v. t. To cultivate.— Thomson. 

CULTURED (kulf yurd), pp. Cultivated. 

CULTURE-LESS, a. Having no culture. 

CULTUR-ING, ppr. Cultivating. 

CULTUR-IST, n. A cultivator. 

CUL'VER, n. [Sax. culfer, culfra.] A pigeon or wood- 
pigeon. — Thomson. 

CUL'VER-HOUSE, n. A dove-cote.— Harmar. 

CUL'VER-KEY, n. A plant or flower.— Walton. 

CUL'VER-TaIL, n. Dove-tail, in joinery and carpentry. 

€UL'VER-TaIL£D, a. United or fastened, as pieces of 
timber, by a dove-tailed joint. 

CUL'VER-IN, n. [Fr. couleuvrine.] A long, slender piece ol 
ordnance or artillery, serving to carry a ball to a great 
distance. 

CUL'VERT, n. A passage under a road or canal, covered 
with a bridge ; an arched drain for the passage of water. 

CUM-BENT, a. [L. cumbo.] Lying down. 

CUM'BER, v. t. [Dan. hummer.] 1. To load or crowd ; as, 
to cumber the memory. 2. To check, stop, or retard, as 
by a load or weight; to make motion difficult; to ob- 
struct; as, to cumber one's movements. 3. To perplex or 
embarrass ; to distract or trouble ; as, to be cumbered with 
business. 4. To trouble ; to be troublesome to ; to cause 
trouble or obstruction in, as any tiling useless. Thus, 
brambles cumber a garden or field. 

CUM'BER, n. Hinderance ; obstruction ; burdensomeness , 
embarrassment; disturbance; distress. [This word is now 
scarcely used.] 

CUM'BER-ED, pp. Loaded ; crowded. 

CUM'BER-ING, ppr. Loading ; crowding; obstructing. 

€UM'BER-S6ME, a. 1. Troublesome; burdensome; em- 
barrassing ; vexatious. 2. Unwieldy ; unmanageable ; not 
easily borne or managed. 

€UM'BER-S6ME-LY, adv. In a manner to encumber. 

€UM'BER-S6ME-NESS, n. Burdensomeness; the quality 
of being cumbersome and troublesome. 

CUM'BRANCE, n. That which obstructs, retards, or ren- 
ders motion or action difficult and toilsome. — Syn. Bur- 
den ; load ; encumbrance ; hinderance ; obstruction ; em 
barrassment. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITF — AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as ir this, t Obsolete. 



CUP 



254 



CUR 



BUM'BROUS, a. 1. Burdensome ; troublesome; rendering 
action difficult or toilsome ; oppressive. 2. Giving trouble ; 
vexatious. 3. Confused ; jumbled ; obstructing each other. 

CUM'BROUS-LY. adv. In a cumbrous manner. 

GUM'BROUS-NESS, n. State of being cumbrous. 

CUM'FREY, n. A genus of plants, the Symphytum ; some- 
times written comfrey, comfry, and comphry. 

CUM'IN, n. [L. cuminum.] An annual plant, whose seeds 
have a bitterish, warm taste, with an aromatic flavor. 

€UM'MING-TON-lTE, n. A brittle mineral, of an ash-gray- 
color and silky lustre, discovered in Cummington, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Cu'MU-LaTE, v. t. [L. cumulo.] To gather or throw into a 
heap ; to form a heap ; to heap together. — Woodward. 

CU-MU-LITION, n. The act of heaping together ; a heap. 
See Accumulation. 

€u'MU-LA-TlVE, a. 1. Composed of parts in a heap ; form- 
ing a mass. 2. That augments by addition ; that is added 
to something else ; as, the argument is cumulative. — 3. In 
law, that augments, as evidence, facts, or arguments of the 
same kind. 

Cu'MU-LoSE, a. _ Full of heaps. 

€u'MU-LO-STRa'TUS n. In meteorology, a name given to 
a cloud having in its main body the characters of the stra- 
tus, but in its margin small tufts like the cumulus. — D. 
Olmsted. 

€u'MU-LUS, n. [L., a heap.] In meteorology, a name given 
to one of the four fundamental clouds., from its structure 
in convex masses piled one upon another. — D. Olmsted. 

€UN, v. t. 1. To know ; [not used. See Con.] 2. To di- 
rect the course of a ship. See Cond, the true orthography. 

CUNC-TITION, n. [L. cunctor.] Delay. [Not much used.] 

CUNC-TaTOR, n. [L.] One who delays or lingers.— Ham- 
mond. [Little used.] 

CUND, v. t. To give notice. See Cond. 

€u'NE-AL, a. [L. cuneus.] Having the form of a wedge. 

Cu'NE-aTE, 



Cu'NE-X-TED, 



■ a. Wedge-shaped. 



Cu'NI-FORM ' \ a ' Havul o tae shape or form of a wedge. 

■CUN'NER, n. A vulgar name of the limpet 

CUN'NING, a. [Sax. cunnan, connan.] 1. Knowing ; skill- 
ful ; experienced ; well-instructed. 2. Wrought with skill ; 
curious ; ingenious ; [the foregoing senses are obsolete.] 3. 
Artful ; shrewd ; sly ; crafty ; astute ; wily ; subtle ; de- 
signing. 4. Deceitful ; trickish ; employing stratagems for 
a bad purpose. 5. Assumed with subtilty ; artful. 

€UN'NING, n. 1. Knowledge ; skill ; dexterity ; [obs.] 2. 
The faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a 
purpose. Hence, in a bad sense, deceitfulness or deceit ; 
fraudulent skill or dexterity. — Syn. Art ; artifice ; craft ; 
craftiness ; shrewdness ; subtilty ; wile ; ruse ; guile ; strat- 
agem ; finesse ; duplicity. 

CUN'NING-MAN, n. A man who pretends to tell fortunes, 
or teach how to recover stolen or lost goods. 

CUN'NLNG-LY, adv. Artfully; craftily; with subtilty; with 
fraudulent contrivance. 

CUN'NING-NESS, n. Cunning; craft; deceitfulness. 

CUP, n. [Sax. cop, or cupp.] 1. A small vessel of capacity, 
used commonly to drink out of. 2. The contents of a 
cup ; the liquor contained in a cup, or that it may contain. 
— 3. In a Scriptural sense, sufferings and afflictions ; that 
which is to be received or endured. 4. Good received ; 
blessings and favors. 5. Any thing hollow, like a cup ; 
as, the cup of an acorn. The bell of a flower ; and a calyx 
is called a flower-cup. 6. A glass cup or vessel used for 
drawing blood in scarification. — Cup and can, familiar 
companions. Swift. — Cups, in the plural, social entertain- 
ment in drinking ; merry bout. 

CUP, v. t. 1. In surgery, to apply a cupping-glass to pro- 
cure a discharge of blood from a scarified part of the body. 
2. To supply with cups.— Shalt. ; [obs.] 

CUP -BEaR-ER, n. An attendant of a prince or at a feast, 
who conveys wine or other liquors to the guests ; an offi- 
cer of the king's household. 

CUP'-GALL, n. A kind of gall found on oak leaves. 

€UP'-R5SE, n. The poppy. 

CUP'-MOSS, n. A vague term for a plant called a moss. 

CUP'-SHaP^ED (-shapt), a. Shaped like a cup. 

*€UP'BOARD (kubTmrd), n. Originally, a board or shelf 
for cups to stand on. — In modem houses, a small case or 
inclosure in a room, with shelves, destined to receive 
cups, plates, dishes, and the like.— Dryden. 

* t CUP'BO ARD, v. t. To collect into a cupboard ; to hoard. 
—Shak. 

€UP'BOARD-ED, pp. Deposited in a cupboard. 

Cu'PEL, n. [L. cupella.] A small cup or vessel used in re- 
fining precious metals. 

Cu'PEL-DUST, n. Powder used in purifying metals. — 
Smart. 

CU-PEL-L i'TION, n. The refining of gold, silver, and some 
other metals in a cupel, or by scorification. 

e-u'PID, n. [L. cupido.] In mythology, the god of love. 



€U-PID'I-TY, n. [L. cupiditas.] An eager desire to possess 
something ; an ardent wishing or longing ; an inordinate 
or unlawful desire of wealth or power. — Syn. Hankering, 
avarice ; covetousness ; grasping. 

CtJ'PO-LA, n. [It. cupola ; Sp. cupula.] 1. In architecture, a 
spherical vault on the top of an edifice ; a dome. 2. The 
round top of a structure ; as, the cupola of a furnace. 

t €u'PO-LA£D, a. Having a cupola.— Herbert. 

CUPP.ED (kupt), pp. Bled by means of cupping-glasses. 

CUP'PEL. See Coppel. 

CUP'PER, n. One who applies a cupping-glass ; a scarifier 

CUP'PING, ppr. or n. Applying a cupping-glass, with scari- 
fication ; a drawing blood with a cupping-glass. 

CUP'PING-GLaSS, n. A glass vessel like a cup, to be ap- 
plied to the skin, before and after scarification, for draw- 
ing blood. 

Cu'PRE-OUS, a. [L. cupreus.] Coppery ; consisting of cop 
per ; resembling copper, or partaking of its qualities. 

CU-PRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cuprum.] Producing or affording 
copper. 

Cfl'PU-LA, "in. [L. cupula.] In botany, the cup of the acorn, 

Cu'PULE, 5 husk of the filbert, chestnut, &c. ; a peculial 
combination of bracts. — P. Cyc. 

CU-PU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing cupules. 

CUR, n. [qu. Lapponic coira.] A degenerate dog ; and, in 
reproach, a worthless man. — Addison. — Dryden. 

CuRA-BLE, a. That may be healed or cured ; remediable ; 
admitting a remedy. — Dryden. 

CuRA-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being cured, healed, or 
remedied. 

CU-RA-Co A' (ku-ra-so'), n. A liqueur or cordial, flavored with 
orange peel, cinnamon, and mace, and deriving its name 
from the island of Curacoa, where it is best made. — Brande. 

€u'RA-CY, \n. 1. The office or employment of a cu- 

Cu'RATE-SHIP, j rate. 2. A benefice held by license from 
the bishop. 

CU-RAR'I-NA, n. An alkaloid obtained from the lasiostoma 
curare, or woorara tree of South America. 

Cu'RATE, n. [L. curator, or curatus.] 1. A clergyman in 
the Church of England. There are two kinds ; stipendiary 
being one who is hired by a rector or vicar to serve for 
him, and perpetual, being one who is not dependent on the 
rector, but is supported by a part of the tithes or other- 
wise. — Brande. 2. One employed to perform the duties 
of another. — Dryden. 

Cu'RA-TIVE, a. Relating to the cure of diseases ; tending 
to cure.— Arbuthnot. 

€U-Ra'TOR, 7i. [L.] 1. Onewho has the care and superin- 
tendence of any thing ; as, the curator of a museum, &c. 
2. A guardian appointed by law. — 3. Among the Romans, 
a trustee of the affairs and interests of a person emanci- 
pated or interdicted. — 4. In the United Provinces, or Hol- 
land, the curator of a university superintends the affairs of 
the institution, the administration of the revenues, the con- 
duct of the professors, &c. 

CU-Ra'TRIX, n. She that cures or heals.— Cudworth. 

CURB, n. [Fr. courber.] 1. In the manege, a chain of iron 
made fast to the upper part of the branches of the bridle, 
in a hole called the eye, and running over the beard of the 
horse. — 2. Figuratively, restraint ; check; hinderance. 3. 
A frame or a wall round the mouth of a well. 4. [Fr. 
courbe.] A hard and callous swelling on the hind part of 
the hock of a horse's leg. 

CURB, v. t. 1. To restrain ; to guide and manage, as a 
horse. 2. To restrain ; to check ; to control ; to hold back ; 
to confine ; to keep in subjection ; as, to curb one's pas- 
sions. 3. To furnish or surround with a curb, as a well 
4. To bend ; [not used.] 

CURB'-ROOF, n. [Fr. courbe, round.] A roof rounded on 
the top, having two slopes on each side ; a gambrel roof. 

CURB'-SToNE, n. A stone placed at the edge of a pave- 
ment to hold the work together. It is written, sometimes, 
kerb or kirb. 

CURBED (kurbd),#p. Restrained; checked; kept in sub- 
jection ; furnished with a curb. 

CURBTNG, ppr. Holding back ; checking ; restraining. 

CURBING, n. A check. 

CURBTiESS, a. Having no curb or restraint. 

CUR-Cu'LI-0, 7i. [L.] A general name in the United State* 
for the coleopterous insects which devour fruits, or the 
larvae of such as do so. — Gardner. 

CURD, 71. [Ir. cruth ; Scot, cruds. Sometimes, in English, 
crud.] The coagulated or thickened part of milk, which 
is formed into cheese. 

CURD, v. t. To cause to coagulate ; to turn to curd.— Shak. 

CURD'ED, pp. Coagulated. 

CURTDLE, v. i. [sometimes written crudle.] 1. To coagu- 
late or concrete ; to thicken, or change into curd. 2. To 
thicken ; to congeal. 

CUR'DLE, v. t. 1. To change into curd ; to cause to thick- 
en, coagulate, or concrete. — 2. Figuratively, to congeal or 
thicken ; as, the blood curdled in my veins. 

CUR'DLED, pp. or a. Coagulated ; congealed. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



CUR 



1255 



CUR 



GUR'DLING, ppr. Concreting ; coagulating. 

CURD'Y, a. Like curd; full of curd ; coagulated. 

€uRE. n. [L. cur a; Ft. cure.] 1. The act of healing ; resto- 
ration to health from disease, and to soundness from a 
wound. 2. That which cures or heals. 3. Thn employ- 
ment of a curate ; spiritual charge ; as, the cure (iura) or 
care of souls. — Syn. Healing : remedy ; restorativp. ; ben- 
efice. 

CORE, v. t. [L. euro.] 1. To heal, as a person diseased, or 
a wounded limb ; to restore to health, as the body, or to 
soundness, as a limb. 2. To subdue, remove, destroy, or 
put an end to ; to heal, as a disease. 3. To remedy ; to 
remove an evil, and restore to a good state ; as, to cure 
the evils of the state. 4. To dry ; to prepare for preserva- 
tion ; as, to cure fish, hay, <fec. 

CuRA'D, pp. or a. Healed ; restored to health or sound- 
ness ; removed, as a disease ; remedied ; dried, smoked, 
or otherwise prepared for preservation. 

CuRE'LESS, a. That can not be cured or healed ; incura- 
ble ; not admitting of a remedy. 

CuR'ER, n. A healer ; a physician ; one who cures. 

CUR/FEW (kur'fu), n. [Fr. couvre-feu.] 1. The ringing of a 
bell or bells at night, as a signal to the inhabitants to rake 
up their fires and retire to rest This practice originated 
in England from an order ofWilliam the Conqueror, who 
directed that at the ringing of the bell, at eight o'clock, ev- 
ery one should put out his light and go to bed. 2. A cover 
for a fire ; a fire-plate. — Bacon ; [not used.] 

CU-RI-A-LISTIC, a. [L. curialis.] Pertaining to a court 

\ €U-RI-AL'I-TY, n. [L. curialis.] The privileges, prerog- 
atives, or retinue of a court. — Bacon. 

CCR/ING, ppr. Healing ; restoring to health or soundness ; 
removing, as an evil ; preparing for preservation, 

CuR'ING-HOUSE, n. A building in which sugar is drained 
and dried. — Edwards, W. Ind. 

eU-RI-O-LOti'IC, a. [Gr. Kvpio\oyia.\ Designating a rude 
kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thing is represented by 
its picture. — Warburton. 

CU-RI-OS'I-TY, n. [L. curiositas.] 1. A strong desire to see 
something novel, or to discover something unknown, ei- 
ther by research or inquiry ; a desire to gratify the senses 
with a sight of what is new or unusual, or to gratify the 
mind with new discoveries ; inquisitiveness. 2. Nicety ; 
excessive care ; as, curiosity in dress. — Shak. ; [obs.] 3. 
Accuracy ; exactness ; nice performance ; curiousness. 4. 
A nice experiment ; a thing unusual, or worthy of curi- 
osity. 5. An object of curiosity ; a rarity ; as, the curiosi- 
ties of a place. 

■6U-RI-6' 'SO, n. [It] A curious person ; a virtuoso. 

CCRI-OUS, a. [L. curiosus.] 1. Strongly desirous to see 
what is novel, or to discover what is unknown ; solicitous 
to see or to know ; inquisitive. 2. Habitually inquisitive ; 
addicted to research or inquiry ; prying ; as, one of a cu- 
rious turn of mind. 3. Accurate ; careful not to mistake ; 
solicitous to be correct ; as, curious in his inquiries. 4. 
Careful ; nice ; solicitous in selection ; difficult to please. 
5. Nice ; exact ; subtile ; made with care ; as, curious 
workmanship. 6. Artful; nicely diligent 7. Wrought 
with care and art; elegant; neat; finished. 8. Requiring 
care and nicety. 9. Rigid ; severe ; particular ; [little 
used.] 10. Singular; what could hardly be expected. — 
B urke. — So uthey. 

€u'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With nice inspection ; inquisitive- 
ly ; attentively. 2. With nice care and art ; exactly ; neat- 
ly ; elegantly. 3. In a singular manner ; unusually. 

Cu'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fitness to excite curiosity; exact- 
ness of workmanship. 2. Singularity of contrivance. 3. 
Curiosity. 

CURL, v. t. [D. krullen.] 1. To turn, bend, or form into 
ringlets ; to crisp, as the hair. 2. To writhe ; to twist ; to 
coil, as a serpent. 3. To dress with curls. 4. To raise in 
waves or undulations ; to ripple. 

CURL, v. i. 1. To bend in contraction ; to shrink into ring- 
lets. 2. To rise in waves or undulations ; to ripple ; and, 
particularly, to roll over at the summit, like waves. 3. To 
rise in a winding current and to roll over at the ends, like 
smoke. 4. To writhe ; to twist itself. 5. To shrink ; to 
shrink back ; to bend and sink ; as, to curl down in a 
corner. 6. To play at the game called curling; [Scottish.] 

CURL, n. 1. A ringlet of hair, or any thing of a like form. 
2. Undulation ; a waving ; sinuosity ; flexure. 3. A wind- 
ing in the grain of wood. 4. A disease in potatoes, in 
which the leaves at their first appearance seem curled and 
shrunk up. 

6URL.ED, pp. or a. Turned or formed into ringlets ; crisped ; 
twisted; undulated. 

CURL'ER, n. 1. One who curls. 2. One who plays at the 
game called curling ; [Scottish.] 

CUR'LEW (kurlu), n. [Fr. courlis, or corlieu.] A grallato- 
rial or wading bird, allied to the woodcock and sandpiper, 
and much prized for food. There are several species, 
which are found in various parts of the eastern and west- 
ern continents. 



CURL'I-NESS, n. A state of being curly. 

€URL'ING,£pr. or a. Bending; twisting; forming into ring 
lets ; playing at the game called curling. 

CURL'ING, n. A game on the ice ; a winter game among 
the Scotch, which consists in lanching from the hand a 
heavy weight (as a large stone, or mass of iron) along the 
surface of the ice, so as to strike another heavy weigh 
and propel it in a given direction, thus resembling bill 
iards. — Jamieson. 

CURL'ING-I-RONS, ? n. pi. An instrument for curling the 

CURL'ING-TONGS, j hair. 

CURLTNG-L Y, adv. In a waving manner. 

CURL'Y, a. Having curls ; tending to curl ; full of ripples 

CURLT-HKAD-ED, ) „ . vi,- 

CURL'Y-Pa-TED, \ a - Having curling hair. 

CUR-MUD'gEON, n. An avaricious, churlish fellow ; a mi 
ser ; a niggard ; a churl. — Hudibras. 

€UR-MUD'(JEON-LY, a. Avaricious ; covetous ; niggardly , 
churlish . — L' Estra nge. 

CUR'RANT, n. [from Corinth.] 1. The fruit of a well-known 
shrub belonging to the genus ribes. 2. A small kind of 
dried grape, imported from the Levant chiefly from Zante 
and Cephalonia ; used in cookery. 

€UR'REN-CY, n. 1. Literally, a flowing, running, or pass 
ing ; a continued or uninterrupted course, like that of a 
stream. 2. A continued course in public opinion, belief, 
or reception ; a passing from person to person, or from 
age to age ; as, the currency of a report. 3. A continual 
passing from hand to hand, as coin or bills of credit ; cir 
culation. 4. Fluency ; readiness of utterance. 5. General 
estimation ; the rate at which any thing is generally val- 
ued. 6. That which is current or in circulation, as a me- 
dium of trade. 

CUR'RENT, a. [L. currens.] 1. Literally, flowing, running, 
passing. Hence, passing from person to person, or from 
hand to hand; circulating; as, current opinions; current 
coin. Hence, common, general, or fashionable ; generally 
received ; popular. — Swift. 2. Established by common 
estimation; generally received; as, the current value of a 
thing. 3. Passable ; that may be allowed or admitted ; as, 
to make an excuse current. — Shak. ; [rare.] 4. Now pass- 
ing ; present in its course ; as, the current year. 

CUR'RENT, 72, 1. A flowing or passing; a stream; [applied 
to fluids.] 2. A progressive motion of the water in the 
sea or a lake, &c, at certain places. 3. Course ; progress- 
ive motion, or movement ; continuation. 4. A connected 
series ; successive course. 5. General or main course; as, 
the current of one's proceedings. 

£UR-REN'TE -GAUA-MO. [L.] With the pen running. 

€UR.'RENT-LY, adv. In constant motion; with continued 
progression. Hence, commonly ; generally ; popularly ; 
with general reception. 

CURTtENT-NESS, n. 1. Currency ; circulation ; general 
reception. 2. Fluency ; easiness of pronunciation. 

€UR'RI-€LE, 7i. [L. curriculum.] 1. A chaise or carriage, 
with two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast. 2. A 
chariot: [obs.] 3. A course; [obs.] 

CUR-RICU-LUM, n. [L.] 1. A race-course ; a place for 
iomning ; a chariot, &c. Hence, 2. A course in general ; 
[applied particularly to a course of study in a university, (p.] 

CUK-'RI-ED (kur'rid), pp. or a. Dressed by currying ; dress- 
ed as leather ; cleaned ; prepared. 

CURTlI-ER, n. [L. coriarius.] A man who dresses and col- 
ors leather after it is tanned. 

CUR'RISH, a. Like a cur : having the qualities of a cur 
brutal; malignant; snappish; snarling; churlish; intract- 
able ; quarrelsome. 

CURTtlSH-LY, adv. Like a cur ; in a brutal manner. 

CUR/RISH-NES8, n. Moroseness ; churlishness. 

CUR'RY, n. 1. A kind of sauce much used in India, con 
taining red pepper and other strong spices. It is poured 
on food, which is hence spoken of as curried rice, fowl, &c 
2. A stew of fowl, fish, <fcc, cooked with curry-sauce. 

CUR'RY, v. t. [Fr. corroyer.] 1. To dress leather after it is 
tanned ; to soak, pare, or scrape, cleanse, beat, and color 
tanned hides, and prepare them for use. 2. To rub and 
clean with a comb. 3. To scratch or claw , to tear, in quar- 
rels; as, to claw and curry one another. — Hudibras. 4. 
To rub or stroke ; to make smooth ; to tickle by flattery ; 
to humor. But generally used in the phrase, To curry fa- 
vor, to seek or gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or 
officious civilities. — Hooker ; [not elegant.] 

CUR/RY-CoMB (-kom), n. An iron instrument or comb for 
rubbing and cleaning horses. 

CUR'RY-ING, ppr. 1. Scraping and dressing; cleaning; 
scratching. 2. Rubbing down, as a horse. 

CUR'RY-ING, n. 1. Rubbing down a horse. 2. The art of 
dressing skins after they are tanned, or of giving them 
smoothness, lustre, color, and suppleness. 

CURSE, v. t. ; pret. and pp. cursed, or curst. [Sax. cursian 
corsian.] 1. To utter a wish of evil against one ; to impre 
cate evil upon ; to call for mischief or injury to fall upon 
to execrate. 2. To injure ; to subject to evil : to vex, har 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete 



CUR 



256 



CDS 



ass or torment with great calamities ; as, to be cursed with 
ungrateful children. 3. To devote to evil. 

CURSE, v. i. To utter imprecations ; to affirm or deny with 
imprecations of divine vengeance. 

€URSE, n. 1. The expression of a wish of evil to another. 
2. Imprecation of evil. 3. Sore evil ; great vexation. 4. 
Condemnation ; sentence of divine vengeance on sinners. 
5. Denunciation of evil. — Syn. Malediction ; execration ; 
ban ; anathema ; excommunication ; afflicti* n ; torment. 

CURS.ED (kurst), pp. 1. Execrated ; afflicted , vexed ; tor- 
mented ; blasted by a curse. 2. Devoted to destruction. 

GURS'ED, a. 1. Deserving a curse ; execrable ; hateful ; de- 
testable; abominable. 2. Vexatious. — Dryden. 

€URS'ED-LY, adv. In a cursed manner ; enormously ; mis- 
erably; in a manner to be cursed or detested. [A low 
word.] 

GURS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being under a curse, or of 
being doomed to execration or to evil. 

€URS'ER, n. One who curses or utters a curse. 

€UR'SHIP, n. Dogship ; meanness ; ill-nature. 

€URS'ING, ppr. Execrating ; imprecating evil on ; denounc- 
ing evil ; dooming to evil, misery, or vexation. 

CURSING, n. Execration ; the uttering of a curse ; a doom- 
ing to vexation or misery. 

GUR'SI-TOR, n. [L. curso, cursito.] In England, a clerk in 
the court of chancery, whose business is to make out orig- 
inal writs. 

GUR'SlVE, a. [It. corsivo.] Running; flowing. — Cursive 
hand is a running hand. 

t€UR'SO-RA-RY, a. Cursory; hasty.— Shak. 

€UR'SO-RI-LY, adv. In a running or hasty manner ; slight- 
ly ; hastily ; without attention. 

CUR'SO-RI-NESS, n. Slight view or attention. 

€UR'SO-RY, a. [L. cursorius.] 1. Running ; not with close 
attention ; as, a cursory view of any thing. 2. Running 
about ; not stationary ; as, cursory men, i. e., runners. — 
State Trials ; [obs.] — Syn. Hasty ; superficial ; slight ; care- 
less; desultory; inattentive. 

CURST, pp. of curse. 

CURST, a. Hateful ; detestable ; froward ; tormenting ; vex- 
atious ; peevish ; malignant ; mischievous ; malicious ; 
snarling. 

CURST'NESS, n. Peevishness; malignity; frowardness ; 
crabbedness ; surliness. 

CURT,_a. [L. curtus.] Short.— Brown. [Rarely used.] 

CUR-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. court and taillcr.] To shorten ; to cut 
off the end or a part. Hence, in a more general sense, to 
shorten in any manner ; to abridge ; to diminish ; to con- 
tract i to cut off. 

GUR'TaIL-DOG, n. A dog whose tail is cut off, according 
to the forest laws, and therefore hindered from coursing. 
-Shak. 

CURTaIL-STEP, n. The lowest step in a flight of stairs, 
ending at its outer extremity in a scroll. — Brande. 

CUR-TaIL'jED (kur-tald'),;?j9. Cut short or shorter; abridged. 

CUR-TaIL'ER, n. One who cuts oft' any thing. 

CUR-TaIL'ING, ppr. Cutting short or shorter ; abridging. 

CUR-TaILTNG, n. Abridgment ; abbreviation. 

CURTAIN (kur'tin), n. [ft. cortina.] 1. A cloth hanging 
round a bed, or at a window, which may be contracted, 
spread, or drawn aside at pleasure ; intended for orna- 
ment, or for use. Also, the hangings about the ark, among 
the Israelites. 2. A cloth-hanging used in theatres, to con- 
ceal the stage from the spectators. This is raised or let 
down by cords. Hence the phrases, to drop the curtain, to 
close the scene, to end ; to raise the curtain, or the curtain 
will rise, to denote the opening of the play ; and to draw 
the curtain, is to close it, to shut out the light or to conceal 
an object ; or to open it and disclose the object. Behind 
the curtain, in concealment, in secret. — 3. In fortification, 
that part of the rampart which is between the flanks of 
two bastions. — 4. In Scripture, tents ; dwellings. 

GUR'TAIN, v. t. To inclose with curtains ; to furnish with 
curtains. — Shak. 

CUR'TAIN-LEC'TURE, n. Reproof given in bed by a wife 
to her husband. — Addison. 

CURTAIN .ED (kur'tind), pp. Inclosed with curtains. 

GUR'TAIN-ING, ppr. Inclosing with curtains. 

CURTAIN-LESS, a. Having no curtain. 

CURT'AL, n. A horse or dog with a docked tail. — Ben 
Jonson. 

CURT'AL, a. 1. Curt ; brief.— Milton. 2. Belonging to the 
court gate ; as, the curtal friar, who was porter of the 
monastery. 

CURTATE, a. [L. curtatus.] The curtate distance, in as- 
tronomy, is the distance of a planet from the sun or earth 
reduced to the plane of the ecliptic, i. e., to that point 
where a perpendicular let fall from the planet meets with 
the ecliptic. — Brande. 

CUR-TaTION, n. The interval between a planet's distance 

from the sun and the curtate distance. 
CURTE-LASSE, \ „ _ 
GURTE-LAX. $ See Cutlass. 



CURTI-LA6E, n. In law, a yard, garden, inclosure, or field 
near and belonging to a messuage. 

t CURT'LY, adv. Briefly. 

CURT'NESS, n. Shortness. 

CURT'SY. See Courtesy. 

Cu'RULE, a. [L. curulis.] Belonging to a chariot. The en- 
rule chair or seat, among the Romans, was a stool withoul 
a back, covered with leather, and so made as to be folded 
It was conveyed in a chariot, and used by public officers 

CURV'a-TED, a. Curved ; bent in a regular form. 

CURV-a'TION, n. The act of bending 

CURVATURE, n. [L. curvatura.] The continual flexure 
or bending of a line from a rectilinear direction. 

CURVE (kurv), a. [L. curvus.] Bending ; crooked ; inflect- 
ed in a regular form, and forming part of a circle. 

CURVE, n. A bending without angles ; that which is bent; 
a flexure. — In geometry, a line of which no three consecu 
tive points are in the same direction or straight line. 

CURVE, v. t. [L. curvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to inflect. 

€URV ED, pp. or a. Bent; regularly inflected. — Syn. Crook- 
ed ; incurvated ; awry. 

CURVET, n. [It. corvctta.] 1. In the manege, a particular 
leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs at once, 
equally advanced, and as his fore legs are falling, he raises 
his hind legs, so that all his legs are raised at once. 2. A 
prank ; a frolic. 

CURVET, v. i. [It. corvettare.] 1. To leap ; to bound ; to 
spring and form a curvet. 2. To leap and frisk. 

CURV1-FORM, a. Being of a curved form. 

€UR-VI-LIN'E-AR, )a. [L. curvus and linea.] Consisting of 

€UR-VI-LIN'E-AL, J curve lines ; bounded by curve lines. 

€UR-VI-LIN-E-AR'ITY, n. The state of being curvilinear, 
or of consisting in curve lines. 

€UR-VI-LIN'E-AR-LY, adv. In a curvilinear manner. 

CURVING, ppr. Bending in a regular form ; crooked. 

CURVING, n. A curve ; a winding form. 

CURVI-TY, n. L. curvitas.] A bending in a regular form , 
crookedness. — Holder. 

CUSH'AT (koosh'at), n. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon. 

CUSHION (kposh'un), n. [Fr. coussin.] 1. A pillow for e 
seat ; a soft pad to be placed on a chair ; a bag, stutted with 
wool, hair, or other soft material. 2. A bag of leather 
filled with sand, used by engravers to support the plate. — 
3. In gilding, a stuffing of fine tow or wool, covered by 
leather, on a board; used for receiving the leaves of gold 
from the paper, in order to its being cut into proper sizes 
and figures. — Lady's cushion, a plant, a species of saxifra. 
ga. Lee. — Sea cushion, sea pink or thrift, a species of sta- 
dee. — Lee. 

CUSHION, v. t. 1. To seat on a cushion. 2. To furnish 
with cushions. 

CUSHIONED, pp. or a. 1. Seated on a cushion. 2. Fur 
nished with cushions ; as, the coach is well cushioned. 

CUSH'ION-ET, n. A little cushion. — Beaumont and Fletcher 

CUSK, n. A salt-water fish much esteemed for food. — D 
H. Slorer. 

t CUSK'IN, n. A kind of ivory cup. — Bailey. 

CUSP, n. [L. cuspis.] 1. The point or horn of the moon. — 
2. In Gothic architecture, a projecting point forming a pend- 
ent, or a projecting point in the foliation of tracery, pan- 
els, &c. — Brande. 

CUSP'a-TED, a. [L. cuspis.] . Pointed; ending in a point. 

CUSP'I-DAL, a. Ending in a point— Afore. 

ICUSP'I-DaTE, v. t. To sharpen.— Cockeram. 

CUSP'1-DATE, ) a. [L. cuspidatus.] Having a sharp end, 

CUSP'I-Da-TED, 5 like the point of a spear; terminating 
in a bristly point. 

€US'PIS, n. [L.] The sharp end of a thing ; a point— More. 

CUSTARD, n. [Cimbric cwstard.] A composition of milk 
and eggs, sweetened and baked or boiled, forming an 
agreeable kind of food. — Custard-coffin, a cant term in 
Shakspeare for a piece of raised pastry or upper crust, 
which covers or coffins a custard. 

CUSTARD-AP'PLE, n. A West Indian plant » species of 
annona, having a soft pulp ; hence the name. 

CUSTODE. See Custodian. 

€US-To'DI-AL, a. Relating to custody or guardianship. 

€US-To'DI-AN, n. One who has the care or custody of 
some public building. — W. Irving. 

CUSTO-DY, n. [L. custodia.] 1. A keeping; a guarding; 
guardianship, care, watch, inspection, for keeping, pres- 
ervation, or security. 2. Imprisonment ; confinement ; re 
straint of liberty. 3. Defense from a foe ; preservation ; 
security ; as, a fleet for the custody of the narrow seas. 

CUST6M, n. [Fr. coutume.] 1. Frequent or common use, 
or practice ; a frequent repetition of the same act ; hence, 
way ; established mode ; habitual practice. 2. A buying 
of goods ; practice of frequenting a shop and purchasing 
or procuring to be done ; as, to give one's custom to a 
tradesman. — 3. In law, long established practice, or usage, 
which constitutes the unwritten law, and long consent to 
which gives it authority. — Syn. Habit ; manner , fashion . 
prescription. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK 



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6US'T6M, v. t. 1. To make familiar. [See Accustom, which 
is the word used.] 2. To give custom to. 

GUST6M, v. i. To accustom. — Spenser. 

CUST6M, n. L Fr. coutume.] Tribute, toll, or tax ; that is, 
cast or charge paid to the public. — Customs, in the plural, 
the duties imposed by law on merchandise imported or 
exported. 

CUST6M-HOUSE, n. The house where vessels enter and 
clear, and where the customs are paid or secured to be paid. 

CUS'T6M-SHRUNK, a. . Having a diminished number of 
customers. — Shak. 

CUST6M-A-BLE, a. 1. Common; habitual; frequent. 2. 
Subject to the payment of the duties called customs. — Law 
of Mass. 

CUST6M-A-BLE-NESS, n. Frequency ; conformity to cus- 
tom. [Little used.] 

CUS'TOM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom. 

CU8T6M-A-RI-LY, adv. Habitually ; commonly. 

CUSTOM- A-RI-NESS, n. Frequency; commonness; ha- 
bitual use or practice. 

CUS'T6M-A-RY, a. [Fr. coutumier.] 1. According to cus- 
tom, or to established or common usage. 2. In common 
practice. 3. Holding by custom. 4. Held by custom. — 
Syn. Habitual; usual; ordinary; wonted; common; ac- 
customed. 

GUS'ToM-A-RY, n. [Fr. coutumier, coustumier.] A book con- 
taining laws and usages, or customs. 

CUSTOMED (kus'tumd), a. 1. Usual ; common ; to which 
we are accustomed. 2. Furnished with customers'. 

GUST6M-ER, n. 1. One who frequents any place of sale for 
the 6ake of purchasing goods ; one who purchases goods 
or wares. 2. One who frequents or •visits any place for 
procuring what he wants ; as, the barber has his custom- 
ers ; and hence, perhaps, the phrase " an ugly customer" 
meaning a person difficult to deal with or to manage. 3. 
A toll-gatherer ; [obs.] 4. A lewd woman. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

■6'US'TOS, n. [L.j A keeper ; as, custos bre'vium, the princi- 
pal clerk of the common pleas ; custos rotulo'rum, the prin- 
cipal justice of a county, and keeper of its records. [Eng.] 

I GUS'TREL, n. [qu. Old Fr. coustillier.] A buckler-bearer. 
Also, a vessel for holding wine. 

GUSTU-MA-RY, n. A book of laws and customs.— Selden. 

GUT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. cut. [Norm, cotu.] 1. To separate 
the parts of any body by an edged instrument, either by 
striking, as with an ax, or by sawing or rubbing ; to make 
a gash, incision, or notch, which separates the external 
part of a body ; as, to cut the flesh. It signifies, also, to cut 
into pieces ; to sever or divide. 2. To hew ; as, to cut 
timber. 3. To carve, as meat; to carve or engrave in 
sculpture. 4. To divide ; to cleave, by passing through ; 
as, the bark cuts the waves. 5. To penetrate ; to pierce ; 
to affect deeply ; as, to cut to tbe quick. 6. To divide, as 
a pack of cards. 7. To intersect ; to cross ; as, the equator 
cuts the meridians. 8. To castrate. 
To cut across, to pass by a shorter course, so as to cut off an 
angle or distance. — To cut asunder, to cut into pieces ; to 
divide; to sever. — To cut down, to fell; to cause to fall by 
severing. Hence, to depress ; to abash ; to humble ; to 
shame ; to silence. Addison. — To cut off. 1. To separate 
one part from another. 2. To destroy ; to extirpate ; to 
put to death untimely. 3. To separate ; to remove to a 
distance, or to prevent all intercourse. 4. To interrupt. 

5. To separate; to remove; to take away. 6. To inter- 
cept ; to hinder from return, or union. The troops were 
cut off from the ships. 7. To end ; to finish. 8. To pre- 
vent or preclude. 9. To preclude or shut out. 10. To 
stop, interrupt, or silence. — To cut on. 1. To hasten ; to 
run or ride with the utmost speed ; [a vulgar phrase.] 2. 
To urge or drive in striking ; to quicken blows ; to hasten. 
— To cut out. 1. To remove a part by cutting or carving. 
2. To shape or form by cutting. 3. To scheme ; to con- 
trive ; to prepare. 4. To shape ; to adapt. 5. To debar. 

6. To take the preference or precedence of. 7. To step 
in and take the place of, as in courting and dancing. 8. 
To interfere as a horse, when the shoe of one foot beats 
off the skin of the pastern joint of another. — To cut out a 
ship, is to enter a harbor, and seize and carry off a ship 
by a sudden attack. — To cut short. 1. To hinder from pro- 
ceeding by sudden interruption. 2. To shorten ; to abridge. 
— To cut up. 1. To cut in pieces ; as, to cut up beef. 2. 
To eradicate ; to cut off. — To cut acquaintance with one, or 
to cut one's acquaintance, is to meet him in the street or 
elsewhere, and pretend not to see or recognize him. 

GUT, v. i. 1. To pass into or through, and sever ; to enter 
and divide the parts. 2. To be severed by a cutting in- 
strument. 3. To divide by passing. 4. To perform a sur- 
gical operation by cutting, especially in lithotomy. 5. To 
interfere, as a horse. — To cut in, to divide, or turn a card, 
for determining who are to play. 

GUT, pp. or a. Gashed ; divided ; hewn ; carved ; intersect- 
ed; pierced; deeply affected; castrated. — Cut and dried, 
prepared for use ; [a metaphor from hewn timber.] 

GUT, n. 1. The action of an edged instrument ; a stroke or 



blow, as with an ax or sword. 2. A cleft; a gash, a 
notch ; a wound ; the opening made by an edged instru- 
ment, distinguished by its length from that made by per- 
foration with a pointed instrument. 3. A stroke or blow 
with a whip. 4. A channel made by cutting or digging | 
a ditch ; a groove ; a furrow ; a canal. 5. A part cut off 
from the rest ; as, a good cut of beef. Also, any small 
piece or shred 6. A near passage by which an angle is 
cut off; as, to take a short cut. 7. A picture cut or carved 
on wood or metal, and impressed from it. 8. The stamp 
on which a picture is carved, and by which it is impressed. 
9. The act of dividing a pack of cards. 10. Manner in which 
a thing is cut ; form ; shape ; fashion ; as, the cut of a coat 
11. A fool ; a cully ; a gelding ; [not in use.] — Cut and long 
tail, men of all kinds ; [a proverbial expression borrowed 
from dogs.] — To draw cuts, to draw lots, as of papers, &c, 
cut of unequal lengths. — Rich. Diet. 

GUT-THRoAT (-thfot), n. A murderer ; an assassin, 

GUT-THRoAT, a. Murderous ; barbarous.— Carew. 

CUT- WATER, n. Tbe fore part of a ship's prow, or knee 
of the head, which cuts the water. Also, a water-fowL 

t CUT-WORK (-wurk), n. Embroidery.— Ben Jonson. 

CUT-WORM, n. A name given to any caterpillar dwelling 
in the earth, which eats or cuts away the young plants of 
cabbage, corn, beans, &c. — Gardner. 

CUTI/NE-OUS, a. Belonging to the skin, or cutis ; existing 
on, or affecting the skin. 

COTE, a. [For acute.] Keenwitted; sharp. — Ash. [Vulgar.] 

GiJTE, a. Clever ; sharp. 

GUTH, in Saxon, signifies known, or famous. Hence, Cuth- 
win, a famous conqueror. — Gibson. 

GO'TI-GLE (ku'te-kl), n. [L. cuticula.] 1. The scarf-skia; 
the thin, exterior coat of the skin, which rises in a blister ; 
a thin, pellucid membrane covering the true skin. 2. The 
thin, external covering of the bark of a plant. 3. A thin 
skin formed on the surface of liquor. 

GU-TICU-LAR, a. Pertaining to the cuticle, or external 
coat of the skin. 

GUTLASS, n. [Fr. coutelas.] A broad, curving sword ; a 
hanger ; used by soldiers in the cavalry, by seamen, &e. 

CUTLER, n. [Fr. coutelier.] One whose occupation is to 
make knives and other cutting insti uments. 

CUTLER- Y, n. The business of making knives ; or, mora 
generally, knives and other edged instruments in general. 

CUTLET, n. [Fr. cotelette.] A small piece of meat for 
cooking. 

CUTPURSE, n. One who cuts purses for stealing them or 
their contents. One who steals from the person ^ a thief; 
a robber. 

CUTTER n. 1. One who cuts or hews. 2. An instrument 
that cuts. 3. A fore tooth that cuts meat, as distinguished 
from a grinder. 4. A small boat used by ships of war. 
Also, a vessel with one mast and a straight running bow- 
sprit, which may be run in upon deck. 5. A small one- 
horse sleigh ; [Am.] 6. An officer in the exchequer that 
provides wood for the tallies. 7. A ruffian ; a bravo ; a 
destroyer; [obs.] 

CUTTING, ppr. or a. 1. Dividing by an edged instalment ; 
cleaving by the stroke or motion of an edged instrument, 
as by a knife, ax, or saw; hewing; carving; intersect- 
ing; piercing. 2. a. Piercing the heart; wounding the 
feelings ; deeply affecting with shame and remorse ; pun 
gent ; piquant ; satirical. 

GUTTING, n. 1. A separation or division. 2. The opera 
tion of removing a stone from the bladder. 3. An exca- 
vation through a hill in making a road, canal, &c. — Brande. 
4. A twig or cion, cut off for the purpose of grafting or 
planting it. 

CUT'TING-LY, adv. In a cutting manner. 

CUTTLE, \ n. [Lax. cudele.] 1. A genus of mollus 

CUTTLE-FISH, > cous animals, having a small bladder, 
from which they discharge a black liquor when pursued, 
thus obscuring the water and enabling them to escape. 
Cuttle is used for a foul-mouthed fellow. 2. A knife.— 
Shak. ; [not in use.] 

CUTTY-STOOL, n. A small raised seat or gallery in old 
Scottish churches, where females who had offended 
against chastity were compelled to sit three Sundays, and 
be rebuked by the minister. — Walter Scott. 

CWT. An abbreviation of hundred weight. 

CY'AN-ATE, n. A salt composed of cyanic acid and a base. 

CY-AN'I€ ACID, n. A compound of cyanogen and oxygen. 

CY'AN-ID, n. A basic compound of cyanogen with some 
other_ element or compound. 

CY'A-NlTE, n. [Gr. Kvavoi.] See Kyanite. 

CY-AN'0-GEN, n. [Gr. tcvavos and yevvau).] An essential in- 
gredient in Prussian blue ; a principle composed of one 
equivalent of nitrogen and two of carbon. It is a gas, hav- 
ing an odor like that of crushed peach leaves, and burns 
with a rich purple flame. 

CY-AN-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. icvavos and ucTptu).] An instns 
ment to ascertain the degree of blueness pr azure color 
of the ocean or sky. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete 
R 



CYM 



258 



CZA 



C Y-AN'tT-RET, n. A basic compound of cyanogen and some 
other element or compound. More correctly, cyanid. 

CY-AN-U'RIG ACID, n. A crystallizable acid, obtained by 
decomposing urea by heat. 

Cf-ATH'I-FORM, a. [L. cyathus.] In the form of a cup, or 
drinking-glass, a little widened at the top. 

Gy-€a'DE-A, n. pi. [Gr. KVKag.) A genus of plants allied to 
the palms and ferns. — Mantell. 

CYCLA-DeS, n. pi. [Gr. kvkXos.] A number of isles ar- 
ranged round the Isle of Delos, in the Grecian Sea, in the 
form of a circle. 

CYCLA-MEN, n. [L.] In botany, sow-bread. — Sprat. 

CY'CLE (si'kl), 11. [Gr. kvkXos ; L. cyclus.] 1. In chronology, 
a period or series of numbers, which regularly proceed 
from first to last, and then return to the first in a perpetual 
circle. 2. The cycle of the moon, or golden number, or Me- 
tonic cycle, so called from its inventor Meton, is a period 
of nineteen years, after which the new and full moons re- 
turn on the same days of the month. — 3. The cycle of the 
sun, or solar cycle, is a period of twenty -eight years. — 4. 
Cycle of indiction, a period of fifteen years. 5. A round 
of years, or period of time, in which the same course be- 
gins again. 6. An imaginary orb or circle in the heavens. 

CYCLIC, \a. Pertaining to a cycle. — Cyclic poets, cer- 

CYCLIC-AL, 5 tain Epic poets who followed Homer, and 
kept within one circle of subjects, that of the Trojan war. — 
Cyclic chorus, at Athens, one which sung and danced in a 
circle round the altar of Bacchus, in performing the dithy- 
rambic odes. — Brande. 

CY€'LO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. kvkXos and ypatyu).] An instru- 
ment for describing the arcs of circles which have so 
large a curvature that compasses can not be used. — Gwilt. 

CY'CLOID, n. [Gr. kvkXos and tiSus-] A geometrical curve, 
on which depends the doctrine of pendulums ; a figure 
described by a point in the circumference of a circle which 
rolls along an extended straight line till it has completed 
a revolution. — Brande. 

CY-CLOID'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a cycloid. 

CY-GLOID'I-ANS, n. pi. The fourth order of fishes, accord- 
ing to the arrangement of Agassiz, having smooth scales, 
as the hearing and salmon. 

CYCLO-LlTE, n. A name given to madrepores. 

CT-€LOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. kvkXos and ^erpeio.] The art of 
measuring cycles or circles. 

C?-€LO-PE'AN, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops, fabulous gi- 
ants of antiquity ; vast ; terrific. — Hall. The term is also 
applied to the remains of a rude and very massive kind 
of architecture of the earliest ages, demanding an enor- 
mous exertion of physical force. — Fosbrooke. 

CY-€LO-Pe'DI-A, ? n. [Gr. kvkXos and -xaiSeia.] The circle 

CY-CLO-PiE'DI-A, > or compass of the arts and sciences ; 
circle of human knowledge. Hence, the book or books 
that contain treatises on every branch of the arts and sci- 
ences, arranged under proper heads, in alphabetical or- 
der. See Encyclopedia. 

CY-€LOP'IC, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops ; gigantic ; savage. 

CY'GLOPS, n. sing, and pi. [Gr. kvkXux}/.] 1. In fabulous his- 
tory, a class of giants, the sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, 
who had but one eye, which was circular, and in the midst 
of the forehead. 2. A family of very minute Crustacea, found 
both in fresh and salt water. They are so abundant in 
some parts of the ocean as to give a reddish tinge to the 
water, and to afford food for some species of whales. 

CY-CLOSTO-MOUS, a. [Gr. kvkXoS and oroua.) Having a 
circular mouth or aperture, as certain mollusks. — Kirby. 

CY'DER. See Cider. 

CYG'NET, n. [L. cygnus, cycnus.] A young swan. 

CYLTN-DER, n. [Gr. KvXivdpos.] In geometry, a solid body 
supposed to be generated by the rotation of a parallelo- 
gram round one of its sides ; or a long circular body of 
uniform diameter, and its extremities forming equal paral- 
lel circles. 

OYL-IN-DRa'CEOUS, a. Cylindrical. [Little used.] 

-OYL-IN'DPJC, }a. Having the form of a cylinder, or 

CYL-INTJRIG-AL, 5 partaking of its properties. 

CYL-IN'DRI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a cylinder. 

CYL-IN-DRICI-TY, n. A cylindrical form. 

CYL-IN'DRI-FORM, a. [cylinder and form.] Having the 
form of a cylinder. 

CYLTN-DROID, n. [cylinder, and a<W.] A solid body, ap- 
proaching to the figure of a cylinder, having the bases or 
ends elliptical, but parallel and equal. 

CYL-IN-DRO-METRIG, a. Belonging to a scale used in 
measuring cylinders. — Ask. 

CY-MaR', n. A slight covering; a scarf; properly, simar. 

CY'MA, n. [L.] 1. In architecture, a molding of the cornice, 
-the profile of which is waving. 2. See Cyme. 

CY-Ma'TIUM, n. [L.] The top molding of a cornice. 

CYM'BAL, n. [L. cymbalum.] A musical instrument of 
brass, in a circular form, like a dish, about six or eight 
inches in diameter. In playing, two of them are struck 
together, producing a sharp ringing sound. — Brande. 

CYM'BI-FORM, a. Shaped like a boat. 



CYlME, ) n. [Gr. Kvua.] Literally, a sprout Technically, t 
C Y'MA, > kind of panicle that has the appearance of an um 

bel, like those of the common laurustinus, or elder-bush. 
CYM'LING, n. A kind of squash. [Virginia.] 
CY'MOID, a. Having the form of a cyme. 
CYM'O-PHINE, n. [Gr. KVfia and <paivu>.] A mineral, called 

also, ckrysoberyl. 
CY-MOPH'A-NOUS, a. Having a wavy, floating light ; opa 

lescent; chatoyant. 
CY'MoSE, > a. Containing a cyme , in the form of a cyme 
CY'MOUS, 5 —Martyn. 
CY-NAN'€HE (se-nan'ke), n. [Gr. Kvvayxv-] -A- disease of 

the throat or windpipe, attended with inflammation ana 

difficulty of swallowing and breathing. 
C ^-NAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. kvwv and avQpwnos-] A kind 

of madness in which men have the qualities of dogs. 
CY NAP'I NA ■* 
CY NaTi'a ' \ n ' ^ alkaloi(i obtained from athusa cyna 

CYN'A-PINE, ) pium ' or fools P arsle y- 

CYN-ARC-TOM'A-CHY, n. [Gr. kvwv, ap K ros, and uaxn-] 
Bear-baiting with a do?. — Hudibras. [A barbarous word.] 

t CYN-E-GET'IGS, ti. The art of hunting with dogs. 

CYNIC, } a. [Gr. kvvikos.] Having the qualities of a 

C YNTC-AL, 5 surly dog ; snarling ; captious ; surly ; cur 
rish ; austere. — Cynic spasm, a Kind of convulsion, in 
which the patient imitates the howling of dogs. — Th( 
Cynic or Sothic year (so called from the rising of the dog- 
star) was the year of 365 days and 6 hours. — Cynic cycle, 
the period between the coincidences of the cynic year and 
the common year of 365 days. It was 1461 civil years. 

CYNIC, n. A surly or snarling man ; a misanthrope. See 
Cynics. 

CYN'IG-AL-LY, adv. In a snarling or morose manner. 

CYN'I€-AL-NESS, n. Moroseness ; contempt of riches and 
amusements. 

CYN'I-CISM, n. Austerity ; churlish severity of temper. 

CYN'ICS, n. pi. In ancient history, a sect of snarling philos- 
ophers, who valued themselves on their contempt of rich- 
es, of arts, sciences, and amusements. They were called 
kvves, dogs, and hence the word cynics. Diogenes was 
one of this sect. 

* CYN'O-SURE (sin'o-shure, or syno-shure), n. [Gr. kvvo- 
oovpa.] The constellation of the Little Bear, to which, as 
containing the north star, the eyes of mariners and travel- 
ers were, in former times, continually turned. Hence, 
the poets have used the term to denote any thing to which 
attention is strongly directed ; as in the well-known line3 
of Milton, 

" Where perhaps some beauty lies, 
The cynosure of neighboring eyes." 

Cf 'ON. See Cion. 

CY'PHER. See Cipher. 

C YPH'ON-ISM, n. [Gr. Kvfov.] A species of punishment fre- 
quently used by the ancients, consisting in the besmearing 
of the criminal with honey, and exposing him to insects. 

Cf 'PRESS, n. [L. cupressus.] 1. A genus of plants or trees, 
valued for the durability of their wood. 2. The emblem 
of mourning for the dead, cypress branches having been 
anciently used at funerals. 

CYP'RI-AN, a. 1. Belonging to the Island of Cyprus. 2. A 
term applied to a lewd woman. 

C YP'RIN, a. Pertaining to the fish of the genus cyprinus. 

CYP'RI-OT, n. An inhabitant of Cyprus. 

CY'PRIS, n. ; pi. Cyp'ri-des. A species of fresh- water Crus- 
tacea, which swim by means of cilia. — Mantell. 

CY'PRUS, re. A thin, transparent, black stuff". — Shah. 

CYR-E-NI'IC, a. Pertaining to Cyrene. 

CYR-I-O-LOG'IC, a. [Gr. K vpios and Xoyos-] Relating or 
pertaining to capital letters. 

CYST, I 7i. [Gr. Kvans.] A bag which includes morbid 

CYS'TIS, 3 matter in animal bodies. 

CYST'IC, a. Pertaining to a cyst, or contained in a cyst. 

CYSTINE, 7i. A kind of calculus formed in the human 
bladder, formerly called cystic oxyd. 

CYS'TO-CeLE, 7i. [Gr. kvotis and KnXn.] A hernia or rup- 
ture formed by the protrusion of the urinary bladder 

CYST'oSE. a. Containing cysts. 

CYS-TOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. kvotis and reuvu.] The act or 
practice of opening cysts ; particularly the operation of 
cutting into the bladder to remove a stone or other matter 

CYTH-E-Re'AN, a. Belonging or pertaining to Venus, the 
goddess of love. 

CYTI-SIN, 7i. A vegetable proximate principle, obtained 
from the cytisus. It is an active medicine. 

CYTT-SUS, 7i. A genus of ornamental papilionaceous shrubs 
or small trees, bearing mostly yellow flowers. — P. Cyc. 

CYS-Tl'TIS, 7i. Inflammation of the bladder.— Brande. 

CZaR, 7i. A king ; a chief ; a title of the Emperor of B-us 
sia : pronounced tzar, and go written by good authors 

CZA-Ri'NA, 7t. A title of the Empress of Russia. 

CZaR'ISH. a. Pertaining to the Czar of Russia. 

CZXR'0-WITZ, 7i. The title of the eldest son of the Czar 
of Russia. 



Synopsis. A, E, I. &c, long.— a. e, I, &c, short. -FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, B1RT> ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



DAF 



259 



DAL 



D. 



Din the English alphabet, is the fourth letter, and the 
5 third articulation. 

D is a dental articulation, formed by placing the end of the 
tongue against the gum just above the upper teeth. It is 
nearly allied to T. It has but one sound, as in da, din, 
bad ; and is never quiescent in English words. 

As a numeral, D represents Jive hundred, and when a dash or 
stroke is placed over it, thus. D, it denotes Jive thousand. 

As an abbreviation, D stands for Doctor ; as, M. D., Doctor 
of Medicine ; D. T., Doctor of Theology, or S. T. D., Doc- 
tor of Sacred Theology; D. D., Doctor of Divinity, or 
dono dedil; D. D. D., dot, dicat, dedical; and D. D. D. D., 
dignum Deo donum dedit. 

DAB, v. t. [Fr. dauber.] 1. To strike gently with the hand ; 
to slap ; to box. 2. To strike gently with some soft or 
moist substance. 

DAB, n. 1. A gentle blow with the hand. 2. A small lump 
or mass of any thing soft or moist 3. Some th ing moist 
or slimy thrown on ine. — 4. In sportive language, one who 
is expert ; as, a dab at making an index. — Goldsmith. 5. A 
small flat fish, allied to the flounder, of the genus platessa, 
of a dark-brown color. 

DABB£D (dabd), pp. Struck with something moist 

DAB'BING, ppr. Striking gently with something moist 

DAB'BLE, v. t. [Belgic dabben, or dabbelen.] Literally, to 
dip a little or often ; hence, to wet ; to moisten ; to spat- 
ter ; to wet by little dips or strokes ; to sprinkle. 

DAB'BLE, v. i. 1. To play in water; to dip the hands, 
throw water, and splash about ; to play in mud and water. 
2. To do any thing in a slight or superficial manner ; to 
tamper ■ to touch here and~there. 3. To meddle ; to dip 
into a concern. 

n *B'BLER re. 1. One who plays in water or mud. 2. One 
who dips slightly into any thing ; a superficial meddler. 

DABRLLXG, ppr. or a. Dipping superficially or often ; play- 
ing in water, or in mud ; meddling. 

DAB'BLING, n. The act of meddling or dipping superfi- 
cially into any thing. 

DABDLING-LY, adv. In a dabbling manner. 

DAB'CHICK, n. A water-fowl, a species of grebe. — Jardine. 

DAB'STER, n. One who is skilled ; one who is expert ; a 
master of his business. 

Da -Ga'PO. [It.] In music, these words signify that the first 
part of the tune is to be repeated from the beginning. 

DICE, n. [D. daas.] A fish, the cyprinus leuciscus; a "small 
river fish, of a bright silvery color. 

DACTYL, n. [Gr. caKTvXos-] A poetical foot consisting of 
three syllables, the first long and the others short 

DAC'TYL-AR, a. Pertaining to a dactyl; reducing from 
three to two syllables. 

DAC'TYL-ET, n. A dactyl.— Bp. Hall, 

DA€-TYL1€, a. Pertaining to or consisting chiefly or whol- 
ly of dactyls. 

DAC-TYL1C, n. A fine consisting chiefly or wholly of dac- 
tyls. 

DA€'TYL-IST, n. One who writes flowing verse. 

DA€-TYL'0-GLYPH, n. [Gr. SaKrvXoi andy\v<pu>.] An in- 
scription of the name of the artist on a finger-ring or gem. 
— Brande. 

DA€-TYL-OGTLA-PHY, n. [Gr. SaKrvXog and yp a <£aj.] The 
science or art of gem engraving. — Brande. 

DA€-TYL-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. SatcrvXos and Aoyo?.] 1. The 
act or the art of communicating ideas or thoughts by the 
fingers. 2. The science which treats of the history and 
qualities of finger-rings. — Elmes. 

DA€-TYL'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. 6aKTv\os and fiav-iKn.] Divi- 
nation by finger-rings. — Elmes. 

DAD, 1 n. [W. tad ; Hindoo dada.] Father ; [a icord 

DADDY. 5 used by infants, from whom it is taken.] 

D ADDLE, v. i. To do any thing slowly ; to walk with tot- 
tering, like a child or an old man. [Little used.] 

DADDOCK, n. The rotten body of a tree. 

DaDE, v. t. To hold up by leading strings. [Little used.] 

DaDO, n. [It. a die.] The die or square part of a pedestal ; 
the cubical base of a column. 

D.EDAL, a. [L. Dadalus, an ingenious artist who made the 
labyrinth of Crete.] 1. Various ; variegated. — Spenser. 
2. Skillful. 

O.E-Da'LI-AN, a. [See Djedal.] Formed with art ; intri- 
cate; maze-like. 

DiED'A-LOUS, a. In botany, having a margin with various 
windings and turnings ; of a beautiful and delicate tex- 
ture ; [applied to leaves.] 

'DAFF, In. [Ice. dauf.] A stupid, blockish fellow.— 

. DAFFE, 3 Chaucer. 

DAFF, v. t. To daunt— Grose. [Local] 

DAFF, r. t. To toss aside ; to put off. See Doff. 

DAFTO-DIL, n. [D. affodilk.] A plant of the genus narcis- 
sus, of a deep yellow hue. 



DAFT, a. Insane ; foolish ; thoughtless ; giddy. [Scottisn.\ 

t DAG, n. [Fr. dague.] A dagger ; a hand-gun ; a pistol. 

t DAG, 72. Dew. 

DAG, n. [Sax. dag.] 1. A loose end, as of locks of ww»' 
called, also, dag-loclis. 2. A leathern latchet. 

t DAG, v. t. 1. To daggle. 2. To cut into slips. 

DAG, v. i. To drizzle.— Brockett. 

DAG'-LO€K, n. A lock of wool on sheep that hangs and 
drags in the wet or the dag or dew. [Often pronounced 
tag-lock.] 

DAG'-SWILX, n. A kind of carpet. — Harrison. 

DAG'-TaIL.ED, a. The same as daggle-tail ; trailed in mud. 

DAG'GER, n. [Fr. dague.] 1. A short sword ; a dirk ; a 
stiletto ; a poniard.— 2. In Jencing schools, a blunt blade 
of iron with a basket hilt used for defense. — 3. With print- 
ers, an obelisk, or obelus, a mark of reference in the 
form of a dagger, thus, t. 

DAG'GER, v. C To pierce with a dagger ; to stab. 

DAG'GERS-DRAW'ING, n. The act of drawing daggers , 
approach to open attack or to violence ; a quarrel. 

DAG'GLE, v. t. To trail in mud or wet grass ; to befoul 
to dirty, as the lower end of a garment. 

DAG'GLE, v.i. To run through mud and water. 

DAG'GLE-TaIL, a. Having the lower ends of garments 
defiled with mud. 

DAG'GLZD, pp. Dipped or trailed in mud or foul water 
befouled. 

DAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing along in mud or foul water 

DA -GUERRE1-AN (da-ger're-an), a. Pertaining to Daguerre, 
or his invention of the Daguerreotype. 

DA-GUERRE'O-TYPE (da-ge^ro-type), n. [from Daguerre, 
the discoverer.] A method of fixing images of objects on 
polished metal plates, by the camera obscura. 

DiH'LLi, n. [from Dahl, a Swedish botanist] A South 
American plant introduced into Europe by the Spaniards 
in 1789. It bears a large, beautiful compound flower, of 
every variety of hue. 

DaH'LINE, n. A vegetable substance resembling starch, 
obtained from elecampane ; the same as inulin. 

DII'LI-NESS, n. Daily occurrence. — Taylor. 

DaI'LY, a. [Sax. daglic] Happening or being every day , 
done day by day ; bestowed or enjoyed every day ; diurnal. 

DaI'LY, adv. Every day; day by day. 

t DaINT, a. [Fr. dain.] Delicate ; elegant. — Spenser. 

t DaINT, n. Something of exquisite taste ; a dainty. 

DXLNT1-LY, adv. 1. Nicely ; elegantly ; [not in use.] 2. 
Nicely ; fastidiously ; with nice regard to what is well 
tasted; as, to eat daintily. 3. Deliciously; as, to faro 
daintily. 4. Ceremoniously ; scrupulously ; as, to move 
daintily. 

DaINTI-NESS, n. 1. Delicacy ; softness : elegance , nice 
ty ; [obs.] 2. Delicacy ; deliciousness ; [applied to food.] 
3. Nicety in taste ; squeamishness ; fastidiousness. 4. Cer- 
emoniousness ; scrupulousness ; nice attention to man- 
ners ; [obsolete.] 

t DIINT'LY, adv. Deliciously.— SackvilU. 

t D ilNT'REL, n. A delicacy. 

DaINTY, a. [W. deintiaiz ; Scot dainty.] 1. Pleasing to 
the palate ; of exquisite taste ; as, dainty viands. 2. Of 
acute sensibility ; nice in selecting what is tender and 
good ; as, dainty in respect to food. 3. Scrupulous in 
manners ; ceremonious ; as, " let us not be dainty of 
leaves-taking." — Shak. 4. Elegant ; tender ; soft ; pure ; 
neat ; effeminately beautiful ; as, dainty hands. 5. Af- 
fectedly fine. — Syx. Nice ; delicious ; luxurious ; delicate ; 
squeamish ; scrupulous. 

DaINT'Y, n. 1. Something nice and delicate to the taste , 
that which is exquisitely delicious ; a delicacy. 2. A term 
of fondness ; [not much used.] 

DaFRY, n. 1. The whole establishment respecting milk, in 
a family or on a farm. 2. The place, room, or house 
where milk is set for cream, managed, and converted into 
butter or cheese. 3. A muk-farm, or pasture-land. — Bacon. 

DXFRY-HOUSE, \ n. A house or room appropriated to the 

DaI'RY-ROOM, 5 management of milk. 

DaI'RY-MaID, n. A female servant whose business is to 
manage milk. — Addison. 

DAl'RYdNG, n. The business of conducting a dairy.— 
P. Cyc. 

DaIS (da'is, or dase). n. A raised floor at the upper end oi 
the dining-hall, where the high-table stood. — W. Scott. 
Also, a canopy, with its seat at" the high-table. 

DaI'SI-ED (da'z"id), a. Full of daisies ; adorned with dai- 
sies. — Shak. 

DaI'SY, n. [Sax. dceges-ege.] A plant of the genus bellis, of 
several varieties, bearing a white flower, with a tinge of 
red, and a yellow renter. 

Da'KER, n. A dicker; the number often. 

Da'KER-HEN, n. The corn-crake, or land-rail, a bird of the 
grallic order of Linnaeus. 

DI'KFR, n. In English statutes, ten hides. 

D1LE, n. [Goth, dalei.] A low place between hills , a vale 
or valley ; [a poetic word.] 



D6VE ;— BULL, FINITE ;— AN"GER. VfCIOUS.— € as K; <S as J; SasZ; cHasSH; THfsin this Ibaleie 



wm 



DAM 



aeo 



DAN 



DALLI-ANCE, n. 1. Literally, delay; a lingering; appro- 
priately, acta of fondness ; interchange of caresses ; toy- 
ing, as males and females. 2. Conjugal embraces ; com- 
merce of the sexes. 3. Delay. — Shak. ; [obs.] 
DAL'LIJ£D (dallid), pp. Delayed ; deferred. 

DAL'LI-ER, n. One who fondles ; a trifler. 

1 DAL'LCP, n. A tuft or clump.— Tusser. 

DAL'LY, v. i. [W. ddl, or dala.] 1. Literally, to delay ; to 
linger ; to wait. 2. To trifle ; to lose time in idleness and 
trifles ; to amuse one's self with idle play ; as, it is mad- 
ness to dally any longer. 3. To toy and wanton, as man 
and woman ; to interchange caresses ; to fondle. 4. To 
sport ; to play ; as, she dallies with the wind. 

DAL'LY, v. t. To delay ; to defer ; to put off"; to amuse till 
a proper opportunity. [Not much used.] 

DAL'LY-ING, ppr. Delaying ; procrastinating ; trifling ; 
wasting time in idle amusement ; toying ; fondling. 

DAL-MAT'I-CA, n. A long, white gown, with sleeves, worn 
by deacons in the Roman Catholic Church.— Brande. 

DAM, n. [from dame.] 1. A female parent ; [used of beasts, 
particularly of quadrupeds.] „ 2. A human mother. —Shale. ; 
[in contempt.] 3. [Fr. dame.] A crowned man in the game 
of draughts. 

DAM, n. [D. dam ; Ger. damm.] A mole, bank, or mound 
of earth, or any wall, or a frame of wood, raised to ob- 
struct a current of water. 

DAM, v. t. [Sax. demman; Ger. dammen.] 1. To make a 
dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or 
by any other work ; to confine or shut in water. — 2. Fig- 
uratively, to confine or restrain from escaping ; to shut in. 

DAM'A6E, 7i. [Fr. dommage.] 1. Any harm to one's estate ; 
any loss of property sustained ; any hinderance to the in- 
crease of property ; or any obstruction to the success of 
an enterprise. _ 2. The value of what is lost.— 3. Damages, 
in law, the estimated reparation in money for harm or 
damage sustained ; as, to assess damages. — Syn. Injury ; 
hurt; detriment; loss; mischief. 

DAM' AGE, v. t. [It. dajineggiare.] To hurt or harm ; to in- 
jure; to impair; to lessen the soundness, goodness, or 
value of. 

DAMAGE, v. i. To receive harm ; to be injured or impaired 
in soundness or value. 

DAM'AGE-FEaS'ANT (dam'aje-faz'ant), a. Doing injury ; 
trespassing, as cattle. — Blackstone. 

DAM'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be injured or impaired ; 
susceptible of damage. 2. Hurtful ; pernicious ; [rare.] 

DAWA&ED, pp. or a. Hurt ; impaired ; injured. 

DAM'A6-ING, ppr. Injuring ; impairing. 

D AM'AR. See Dammar. 

DAM'AS-CeNE, n. [L. damascenus, from Damascus.] 1. A 
particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson, which 
see. 2. It may be locally applied to other species of 
plums. 

DAM'ASK, n. [It. dommasco, from Damascus.] 1. A silk 
stuff", having some parts raised above the ground, repre- 
senting flowers and other figures. 2. A kind of wrought 
linen, made in Flanders, in imitation of damask silks. 3. 
Red color, from the damask-rose. — Damask steel is a fine 
steel from the Levant, chiefly from Damascus, used for 
sword and cutlas blades. 

DAM'ASK, v. t. 1. To form flowers on stuffs ; also, to varie- 
gate ; to diversify. 2. To adorn steel-work with figures. 
See Damaskeen. 

DAM'ASK-PLUM, n. A small black plum. 

DAM'ASK-RoSE, n. A species of rose which is red, and 
another which is white. 

DAM'ASK-.ED (dam'askt), pp. Variegated with flowers. 

DAM'ASK-EN, ")v. t. [Fr. damasquiner.] To make incis- 

DAM-ASK-EEN', } ions in iron, steel, &c, and fill them 
with gold or silver wire, for ornament; used chiefly for 
adorning sword-blades, guards, locks of pistols, &c. 

DAM-ASK-EEN'JSD, pp. or a. Cut into figures, and inlaid 
with gold or silver wire. 

DAM-ASK-EEN'ING, ppr. Engraving and adorning with 
gold or silver wire inlaid. 

DAM-ASK-EEN'ING, n. The act or art of beautifying iron 
or steel by engraving, and inlaying it with gold or silver 
wire. 

DAM' ASK-IN, n. A sabre, so called from the manufacture 
of Damascus. 

DAMA.SK-ING, ppr. Variegating with flowers. 

DAM'AS-SIN, n. A damask cloth interwoven with flowers 
of gold and silver. — Brande. 

DaME, n. [Fr. dame.] Literally, a mistress ; hence, a lady ; 
a title of honor to a woman. It is now applied to the mis- 
tress of a family, of mature years, in the common ranks 
of life. In poetry, it is applied to a woman of rank. 

DaME'S'-Vi-O-LET, in. A plant of the genus hespcris ; 

DaME'-W6RT, j called, also, queen's gillifower. 

Da'MI-AN-ISTS, n.. pi. In Church history, a sect who denied 
all distinct personal attributes in the Father, Son, and 
Holy Ghost, and were hence regarded as Sabeliians. 

DAM'MAR, n. A name applied to a resinous substance ob- 



tained in the East Indian islands fro:jn a species of agathu 
or dammara, a tree allied to the pines. 
BAM'MED, pp. Confined or shut in by means of a darri. 
DAM'MING, ppr. Confining water by means of a dam. 
DAMN (dam), v. t. [L. damno ; Fr. damner.] 1. To sentence 
to eternal torments in a future state ; to punish in hell. 
2. To condemn ; to decide to be wrong or worthy of pun- 
ishment ; to censure ; to reprobate ; as, he that doubteth 
is damned if he eat. — Rom., xiv. ; [obs.] 3. To condemn ; 
to explode ; to decide to be bad, mean, or displeasing, by 
hissing, or any other mark of disapprobation ; as, to damn 
a play. 4. A word used in profaneness ; a term of exe- 
cration. 

DAM'NA-BLE, a. That may be damned or condemned, 
deserving damnation ; worthy of eternal pn nishment 
More generally, that which subjects or renders liable to 
damnation. — Syn. Odious; detestable; destructive; per 
nicious. 

DAM'NA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of deserving 
damnation. 

DAM'NA-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to incur eternal punish- 
ment, or so as to exclude mercy. — 2. In a low sense, odi 
ously ; detestably ; sometimes, excessively. 

DAM-Na'TION, n. [L. damnatio.] 1. Sentence or condem- 
nation to everlasting punishment in the future state ; or 
the state of eternal torments. 2. Condemnation ; as, " he 
eateth and drinketh damnation to himself." — 1 Cor., xi., 29 ; 
[obs.] 

DAM'NA-TO-RY, a. Containing a sentence of condemna- 
tion. — Waterland. 

DAMN2D (damd; adj. in serious discourse pronounced 
dam'ned), pp. or a. 1. Sentenced to everlasting punish- 
ment in a future state ; condemned. 2. a. Hateful ; detest 
able ; abominable ; [chiefly used in profaneness.] 

DAM-NIF'LG, a. Procuring loss ; mischievous. 

DAM'NI-Fl£D (dam'ne-f ide), pp. Injured; endamaged. 

DAM'NI-FY, v. t. [L. damnifico.] 1. To cause loss or dam 
age to ; to hurt in estate or interest ; to injure ; to endam 
age. 2. To hurt ; to injure ; [applied to persons.] 

DAM'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Hurting; injuring; impairing. 

DAM'NING, ppr. 1. Dooming to endless punishment ; con 
demning. 2. a. That condemns or exposes to damnation , 
as, damning proof. 

DAM'NING-NESS, n. Tendency to bring damnation. 

DAMNUM ABS'QUE IN-Ju'RLA. [L.] Loss without in 
jury, of which the law can take cognizance. 

DAMP, a. [G. dampf; D. damp.] 1." Moist; humid; being 
in a state between dry and wet. 2. Dejected ; sunk ; do 
pressed ; chilled ; [unusual.] 

DAMP, n. 1. Moist air ; humidity ; moisture ; fog. 2. De 
jection ; depression of spirits ; chill. 3. Damps, pi. Nox- 
ious exhalations issuing from the earth, and deleterious or 
fatal to animal fife. The choke damp is carbonic acid gas ; 
the fire damp is carbureted hydrogen. 

DAMP, v. t. 1. To moisten ; to make humid or moderately 
wet. — 2. Figuratively, to chill ; deaden ; repress ; as, to 
damp one's ardor ; to damp a sound. — Bacon ; [rare.] — 
Syn. To depress ; dispirit ; deject ; restrain ; discourage ; 
check. 

DAMPED (damt), pp. Chilled; depressed; abated; weak- 
ened; checked; discouraged. 

DAMPEN (damp'n), v. t. To make damp or moist. 

■DAMP'i?N-ING, ppr. Making damp. — Judge Johnson. 

DAMP'ER, n. 1. That which damps or checks. 2. A valve 
or sliding plate in a furnace to stop or lessen the quantity 
of air admitted. 3. A part of a piano-forte, by which the 
sound is deadened. 

DAMPING, ppr. Chilling; deadening; dejecting; abating; 
checking ; weakening. 

DAMP'ISH, a. Moderately damp or moist. 

DAMP'ISH-LY, adv. In a dampish manner. 

DAMPTSH-NESS, n. A moderate degree of dampness or 
moistness ; slight humidity. 

DAMP'NESS, n. Moisture ; fogginess ; moistness ; moder 
ate humidity. 

DAMPS. See Damp. 

DAMPT, a. Dejected ; gloomy. [Little used.] 

DAM'SEL, n. [Fr. damoiselle and demoiselle.] A young wom- 
an. — Formerly, a yoimg man or woman of noble or genteel 
extraction. 

DAM'S ON (dam'zn), n. [contracted from damascene,] The 
fruit of a variety of the prunus domestica ; a small black 
plum. 

t DAN, n. [Sp. don.] A title equivalent to master. — Shak. 

DANCE (dans), v. i. [Fr. danser.] 1. Primarily, to leap or 
spring ; hence, to leap or move with measured steps, reg- 
ulated by a tune, sung or played. 2. To leap and frisk 
about ; to move nimbly, or up and down. — To dance at- 
tendance, to wait with obsequiousness ; to strive to please 
and gain favor by assiduous attentions and officious civil- 
ities. 

DANCE, v. t. To make to dance ; to move up and down, or 
back and forth ; to dandle. 



Synopsis. 1, t, I, &c, long.— 1, e, i, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



DAP 



261 



DAR 



DaNCE, n. 1. In a general sense, a leaping and frisking 
about — Appropriately, a leaping or stepping with motions 
of the body adjusted to the measure of a tune, particularly 
by two or more in concert. 2. A tune by which dancing 
is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, &c. 

DANCED (danst), pp. Moved in measured steps. 

DAN'CER, n. One who practices dancing, or is skillful in 
the performance. 

DXN'CING, ppr. or m. Leaping and stepping to the sound of 
the voice or of an instrument ; moving in measured steps ; 
frisking about. 

DXN'CING, n. The act of moving in measured steps ; the 
act of frisking. 

DaN'CING-MaS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of dan- 
cing. 

DXNCING-SCHOOL, n. A school in which the art of dan- 
cing is taught 

DAN'DE-Ll-ON, n. [Fr. dent de Hon.] A well-known plant 
of the genus leontodon, bearing a bright yellow flower. 

DAN'DER, v. i. To wander about ; to talk incoherently. 

DAN'DI-PRAT, n. [Fr. dandin, a ninny ; It. dondolone.] A 
little fellow; an urchin. — Johnson. [A word of fondness or 
contempt.] 

DAN'DLE, v. t. [G. tandeln.] 1. To shake or jolt on the 
knee, as an infant ; to move up and down in the hand ; 
literally, to amuse by play. 2. To fondle ; to amuse ; to 
treat as a child ; to toy with. 3. To delay ; to protract by 
trifles ; [obs.) 

DANDLED, pp. Danced on the knee, or in the arms ; fon- 
dled ; amused by trifles or play. 

DAN'DLER, n. One who dandles or fondles children. 

DAN'DLING, ppr. Shaking and jolting on the knee ; mov- 
ing about in play or for amusement, as an infant. 

DAN'DLING, n. The act of holding in a fondling manner, 
as art infant 

DAN'DRUFF, n. [qu. Sax. tan and drof) A scurf which 
forms on the head, and comes off in small scales or par- 
ticles. 

DAN'DY, n. f Fr. dandin, a ninny.] A fop ; a coxcomb ; one 
who dresses himself like a doll, and who carries his char- 
acter on his back. 

DAN'DY-COCK, or -HEN, n. A Bantam fowL 

DAN'DY-ISH, a. Like a dandy. 

DAN'DY-ISM, n. The manners and dress of a dandy. 

OaNE, n. A native of Denmark. 

OaNE -W6RT, n. A plant of the genus sambucus ; a spe- 
cies of elder, called dwarf -elder, or loall-wort. 

DaNE'GELT, n. [Dane, and Sax. gelt, geld.] In England, 
an annual tax formerly laid on the English nation, for 
maintaining forces to oppose the Danes, or to furnish trib- 
ute to procure peace. 

DaN'GER, n. [Fr., Arm., Scot, danger.] Exposure to in- 
jury ; loss, pain, or other evil. — Syn. Peril ; jeopardy ; 
risk ; hazard ; insecurity ; venture. 

DaN'gER, v. t. To put in hazard ; to expose to loss or in- 
jury.— Shalt. [Rarely used.] See Endanger. 

DaN'GER-LESS, a. Free from danger; without risk.— Sid- 
ney. [Little used.] 

DIN'GER-OUS, a. 1. Exposing to loss ; full of risk ; as, a 
dangerous enterprise. 2. Creating danger ; causing risk 
of evil ; as, a dangerous animal. — Syn. Hazardous ; peril- 
ous ; unsafe ; insecure. 

DaN'gER-OUS-LY, adv. With danger ; with exposure to 
injury or ruin ; hazardously ; perilously. 

DIN'GER-OUS-NESS, n. Danger ; hazard ; peril ; a state 
of being exposed to evil. 

DAN"GLE, v. i. [Dan. dingle?:] 1. To hang loose, flowing, 
shaking, or waving ; to hang and swing. " He'd rather on 
a gibbet dangle." — Hudibras. 2. To hang on any one ; to 
be an humble, officious follower ; as, to dangle about a 
mistress. 

DAN"GLER, n. One who dangles ; [applied particularly to 
men who hang about women.] 

DAN"GLING, ppr. or a. Hanging loosely ; busily or officious- 
ly adhering to. 

DIN'ISH, a. Belonging to the Danes or Denmark. 

DaN'ISH, n. The language of the Danes. 

DANK, a. [qu. G. tunken.] Damp ; moist ; humid ; wet 

DANK, n. Moisture ; humidity. — Milton. 

DANK'ISH, a. Somewhat damp. 

DANK'ISH-NESS, n. Dampness ; humidity. 

DA-Nu'BLAN, a. Pertaining to the River Danube. 

Da'oU-RiTE, n. A variety of red shorl ; called, also, ru- 
bellite. 

DAP, }v. i. [Goth, davpyan.] To drop or let fall the bait 

D IPE, j gently into the water ; to raise or sink it. — Wal- 
ton. [A word used by anglers.] 

\ DA-PATTG-AL, a. [L. dapes.] Sumptuous in cheer. 

DAPH'NIN (daf'nin), n. The bitter principle of the daphne 
mezereum, or spurge olive. 

DAP'I-FER, n. [L. dapes and fero.] One who brings meat 
to the table. — Formerly, the title or office of the grand- 
master of a king's household. 



DAP'PER, a. [D. dapper.] Active ; nimble . brisk ; or little 
and active ; neat ; lively ; as, a dapper fellow. 

DAP'PER-LING, n. A dwarf; a dandiprat 

DAP'PLE, a. Marked with spots ; spotted ; variegated with 
spots of different colors or shades of colors ; as, a dapple- 
gray or dapple-bay horse. 

DAP'PLE, v. t. To spot ; to variegate with spots. 

DAP'PLED, pp. or a. Spotted; variegated with spots of 
different colors or shades of color. 

DAP'PLING, ppr. Variegating with spots. 

DART \ n ' ^ ^ s ^ f° un d m tne Severn. — Bailey. 

tDXRD, n. [Fr. dard.] What throws out, or is cast loi- 
ward, as a dart is thrown. 

D iRE, v. i. ; pret. durst. [Sax. dearran, durran.] To have 
courage for any purpose ; to have strength of mind or 
hardihood to undertake any thing ; to be bold enough 
not to be afraid ; to venture ; to be adventurous. 

DaRE, v. t. ; pret. and pp. dared. 1. To challenge ; to pro- 
voke; to defy. — 2. In bird-catching, to terrify and amaze; 
as, to dare larks. This was done sometimes by means of 
a small falcon, sometimes by throwing the rays of the sun 
upon them from a mirror, and sometimes by torches at 
night The birds, thus terrified, shrunk close to the ground, 
and were taken by throwing a net over them, called the 
daring-net. — Booth. 

tDXRE, n. Defiance; challenge. — Shak. 

DaRE, n. A small fish, the same as the dace. 

DIKED, pp. Challenged; defied. 

t DIRE'FUL, a. Full of defiance.— Shak. 

DaR'ER, n. One who dares or defies. 

DAR'IC, n. A gold coin of Darius the Mede. 

DIR'ING, ppr. 1. Having courage sufficient for a purpose , 
challenging ; defying. 2. a. Bold ; courageous ; intrepid ; 
fearless ; adventurous ; brave ; stout ; heroic. 3. Auda- 
cious ; impudently bold and defying. 

DaR'ING, n. A bold act ; a hazardous attempt — Southey. 

DaR'ING-LY, adv. Boldly ; courageously ; fearlessly ; im- 
prudently. 

DaRTNG-NESS, n. Boldness ; courageousness ; audacious- 
ness. 

DXRK, a. [Sax. deorc] 1. Destitute of light; obscure. 2. 
Wholly or partially black ; having the quality opposite to 
white. 3. Gloomy ; disheartening ; having unfavorable 
prospects. 4. Obscure ; not easily understood or ex- 
plained ; as, a dark intimation. 5. Mysterious ; as, a dark 
providence. 6. Not enlightened with knowledge ; desti- 
tute of learning and science ; rude ; ignorant. 7. Not viv- 
id ; partially black. 8. Blind. — Dry den ; [not in use.] 9. 
Gloomy; dismal; not cheerful. 10. Obscure; concealed; 
secret ; not understood ; as, dark practices. 11. Unclean ; 
foul. — Milton. 12. Opaque. 13. Keeping designs con- 
cealed ; as, " the dark, unrelenting Tiberius." — Gibbon. 

DARK, n. [Sans, tareki] 1. Darkness ; obscurity ; the ab- 
sence of light. 2. Obscurity ; secrecy ; a state unknown. 
3. Obscurity ; a state of ignorance. 

f DaRK, v. t. To darken ; to obscure. 

DXRK-BROW.ED. a. Stern of aspect ; frowning. 

D aRK'-€6L'OR£D (-kullurd), a. Having a dark hue.— Smith. 

DXRK'-EyED (-ide), a. Having dark eyes. 

DXRK'-HOUSE, n. An old word for a mad-house.— Shak. 

DaR,K'-MiND-ED, a. Having a dark, close, or revengeful 
mind. — Baxter. 

DaRK'-S5UL.ED, a. Having a dark soul. 

DXRK-W6RK-ING (-wurk-ing), a. Working in darkness 
or in secrecy. — Shak. 

DaRK'jBN (dark'n), v. t. [Sax. adeorcian.] 1. To make 
dark ; to deprive of light. 2. To obscure ; to cloud. 3 
To make black. 4. To make dim ; to deprive of vision. 
5. To render gloomy. 6. To deprive of intellectual vision 
to render ignorant or stupid. 7. To obscure ; to perplex 
to render less clear or intelligible. 8. To render less white 
or clear ; to tan. 9. To sully ; to make foul. 

DARKEN, v. i. To grow dark or darker ; also, to grow less 
white or clear. 

DaRK.EN.ED (dark'nd), pp. or a. Deprived of light; ob 
scured ; rendered dim ; made black ; made ignorant. 

DaRK'-EN-ER, n. That winch darkens.— B. Jonson. 

DXRK'EN-ING, ppr. Depriving of light ; obscuring ; mak- 
ing black or less white or clear ; clouding. 

DXRK'ISH, a. Dusky ; somewhat dark. 

DXRK'LING, a. Being in the dark, or without light. — Mil- 
ton. [A poetical word.] 

DXRK'LY, adv. Obscurely ; dimly ; blindly ; uncertainly ; 
with imperfect light, clearness, or knowledge. 

DXRK'NESS, n. 1. Absence of light 2. Obscurity ; want 
of clearness or perspicuity ; that quality or state which 
renders any thing difficult to be understood. 3. A state 
of being intellectually clouded; ignorance. 4. A private 
place ; secrecy ; privacy. 5. Infernal gloom ; hell. 6. 
Great trouble and distress ; calamities ; perplexities. 7. 
Empire of Satan. 8. Opaqueness. — Land of darkness, the 
grave. — Job, x. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G *s K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH: TH as in this- t Obsolete 



DAS 



262 



DAU 



DiRK'SdME, a. Dark ; gloomy ; obscure. — Milton. 

DaR'LING, n. [Sax. deorling.] Dearly beloved ; favorite ; 
regarded with great kindness and tenderness. 

DaR'LING, n. One much beloved ; a favorite. 

DaRN, v. t. [W. darn; Arm. darn,] To mend a rent or 
hole by imitating the texture of the stuff with yarn or 
thread and a needle ; to sew together with yarn or thread. 

DARN, n. A place mended by darning. 

DIRN.ED (darnd), pp. Mended by darning. 

D AR'NEL, n. A plant of the genus lolium. 

DaRN'ER, n. One who mends by darning. 

DaRN'IC. See Doknic. 

DaRN'ING, ppr. Mending in imitation of the original tex- 
ture ; sewing together, as a torn stocking, 

DaRN'ING, n. The act of mending, as a hole in a garment. 

t DAR'RaIN (dar'rane), v. t. [Norm, dareigner, derener, de- 
reigner, deraigner.] To prepare, or to order, or to try ; 
to endeavor ; to prove ; to apply to the contest. — Shak. 

DAR'ReIN, a. [corrupted from Fr. dernier, last.] As, dar- 
rein continuance, the last continuance. — Bouvier. 

DiRT, n. [Fr. dard.] 1. A pointed, missile weapon to be 
thrown by the hand ; a short lance. Dryden. — 2. Figura- 
tively, that which pierces and wounds. 

DIRT, v. t. 1. To throw a pointed instrument with a sud- 
den thrust. 2. To throw suddenly or rapidly ; to send ; 
to emit ; to shoot ; as, to dart forth rays. 

DXRT, v. i. 1. To fly or shoot, as a dart ; to fly rapidly. 2. 
To spring and run with velocity ; to start suddenly and run. 

DaR'TARS, n. A scab or ulceration under the chin of 
lambs. — Farm. Encyc. 

DARTED, pp. Thrown or hurled as a pointed instrument ; 
sent with velocity. 

DARTER, 11. 1. One who throws a dart. 2. A Brazilian 
bird of the pelican family, which darts into the water after 
its prey. — Partington. 

DARTING, ppr. Throwing, as a dart ; hurling darts ; flying 
rapidly. 

DaRT'ING-LY, adv. Rapidly, like a dart. 

DAR'TROUS, a. [Fr. dartre, tetter.] A vague term relating 
to a cutaneous disease of no definite character. 

DASH, v. t. [Dan. dash.] 1. To strike suddenly or violent- 
ly, whether throwing or falling. 2. To strike and bruise 
or break ; to break by collision ; but usually with the 
words, in pieces. 3. To throw water suddenly, in sepa- 
rate portions. 4. To bespatter ; to sprinkle. 5. To strike 
and break or disperse ; as, the waves dash on the rocks. 
6. To mix and reduce, or adulterate, by throwing in an- 
other substance ; as, to dash the wine up with water. 7. 
To form or sketch out in haste, carelessly ; as, to dash off 
a paragraph for a newspaper. 8. To erase at a stroke ; to 
strike out ; to blot out or obliterate. 9. To break ; to de- 
stroy ; to frustrate ; as, to dash our rising hopes ; "to dash 
maturest counsels." — Milton. 10. To confound ; to confuse ; 
to put to shame ; to abash ; to depress by shame or fear ; 
as, he was dashed by the presence of so large an assemblage. 

DASH, v. i. 1. To strike, break, scatter, and fly off. 2. To 
rush, strike, and break, or scatter. 3. To rush with vio- 
lence, and break through. 

DASH, n. 1. Collision ; a violent striking of two bodies. 2. 
Infusion ; admixture ; something thrown into another sub- 
stance. 3. Admixture. 4. A rushing, or onset with vio- 
lence. 5. A sudden stroke ; a blow ; an act. 6. A flour- 
ish ; blustering parade ; [vulgar.] 7. A mark or line in 
writing or printing, noting a break or stop in the sentence ; 
as, in Virgil, quos ego — ; or a pause; or the division of 
the sentence. — 8. In music, a small mark, thus, I, denoting 
that the note over which it is placed is to be performed in 
a short, distinct manner. — Brande. 

DASH'-BoARD, n. A board on the fore part of a vehicle, 
to prevent water, mud, or snow from being thrown upon 
those in it by the heels of the horses. 

DASHED (dasht), pp. Struck violently ; driven against ; 
bruised, broken, or scattered by collision ; besprinkled ; 
mixed or adulterated ; erased ; blotted out ; broken ; cast 
down ; confounded ; abashed. 

DASHING, ppr. 1. Driving and striking against ; striking 
suddenly or violently ; breaking or scattering by collision ; 
infusing ; mixing ; confounding ; blotting out ; rushing. 2. 
a. Rushing ; driving ; blustering ; making a dash. 3. a. 
Precipitate ; rushing carelessly on. — Burke. 

DAS'TARD, n. [Sax. adastrigan.] A coward ; a poltroon ; 
one who meanly shrinks from danger. 

DAS'TARD, a. Cowardly ; meanly shrinking from danger. 

DAS'TARD,_w. t. To make cowardly ; to intimidate. 

DAS'TARD-IZE, v. t. To make cowardly.— Howell. 

DAS'TARD -iZED, pp. Made cowardly. 

DAS'TARD-IZ-ING, ppr. Making cowardly. 

DASTARD-LI-NESS, n. Cowardliness.— Barrett. 

DAS'TARD-LY, a. Cowardly ; meanly timid ; base. 

DAS'TARD-NESS, n. Cowardliness ; mean timorousness. 
DAS'TARD-Y, n. Cowardliness ; base timidity. 
DAST-URE, n. [Gr. dans and ovpa.] A quadruped of New 
Holland and Van Pie men's Land, allied to the opossum. 



Da'TA, n. pi. [L. data.] Things given, or admitted ; quan- 
tities, principles, or facts given, known, or admitted, by 
which to find things or results unknown. 

DA-Ta'RI-A, n. The papal chancery at Rome, from which 
all bulls are issued : so called from the subscription, Da- 
tum apud Sanctum Petrum, i. e., in the Vatican. — Encyc. Am. 

Da'TA-RY, n. 1. A high officer of the chancery of Rome, 
who affixes the datum Roma to the pope's bulls. 2. Tha 
employment of a datary. 

DaTE, n. [Fr. date; It., Sp. data.] 1. That addition to a 
writing which specifies the year, month, and day when it 
was given or executed. 2. The time when any event hap- 
pened, when any thing was transacted, or when any thing 
is to be done. 3. End ; conclusion ; [unusual.] 4. Dura- 
tion ; continuance ; as, " ages of endless date." Milton. — 
Syn. Period ; era ; age ; epoch. 

DITE, v. t. 1. To write or note the time when a letter i» 
written, or a writing executed ; to express, in an instru- 
ment, the year, month, and day of its execution, and usu- 
ally the place. 2. To note or fix the time of an event or 
transaction. 3. To note the time when something begins. 

DaTE, v. i. 1. To reckon. 2. To begin ; to have origin. 

DaTE, n. [Fr. datte.] The fruit of the great palm-tree, or 
date-tree, the vhoznix dactylifera. It is sweet and nutri- 
tious, shaped like an acorn, but somewhat larger, and con- 
tains a small kernel, or stone. 

D aTE'-TREE, n. The tree that bears dates ;' the great palm- 
tree. 

DaTED, pp. Having the time of writing or execution spe* 
cified ; having the time of happening noted. 

DaTE'LESS, a. Having no date ; having no fixed term. 

DaT'ER, n. One who dates. 

DaTING, ppr. Expressing the time of writing or of execut- 
ing a paper or instrument ; noting the time of happening, 
or originating. 

D A'TlVE, a. or n. [L. dativus.] In grammar, a term applied 
to the case of nouns which usually follows verbs that ex- 
press giving, or some act directed to an object. — Dative ex- 
ecutor, in law, one appointed by the judge of probate ; an 
administrator. 

DATO-LlTE, In. A mineral occurring in small, com- 

DATH'O-LlTE, 5 plex, glassy crystals, usually colorless, 
or slightly yellowish. It consists of silica, boracic acid, 
and lime. — Dana. 

Da'TUM, n._ [L.] Something given or admitted. See Data. 

Da'TUM-LiNE, n. In civil engineering, the horizontal or 
base line, from which the surface points are reckoned or 
measured in the plan of a rail-way, &c. — Gilbert. 

DA-TO'RA STRA-MO'NI-UM, n. The thorn-apple, a plant 
yielding seeds of a medicinal quality. 

DA-TO'RI-NA, ) n. An alkaloid obtained from the thorn-ap- 

DA-Tu'RI-A, > pie, datura stramonium, probably identical 

DA-Tu'RlNE, ) with atropina. 

DAUB, v. t. [W. dwbiaw.] 1. To smear with soft, adhesive 
matter; to plaster; to cover with mud, slime, or othei 
soft substance. 2. To paint coarsely. 3. To cover with 
something gross or specious ; to disguise with an artificial 
covering. 4. To lay or put on without taste ; to deck 
awkwardly or ostentatiously, or to load with affected 
finery. 5. To flatter grossly. 

DAUB, v. i. To practice gross flattery ; to play the hypocrite. 

DAUB, n. Coarse painting. — Delany. 

DAUBJED (daubd), pp. Smeared with soft, adhesive mat- 
ter ; plastered ; painted coarsely ; disguised ; loaded with 
ill-chosen finery. 

DAUB'ER, n. One who daubs ; a coarse painter ; a low and 
gross flatterer. 

D AUB'RY Y ' \ n - A daubin ? i an y thin S artful.— Shak. 

DAUBING, ppr. Plastering; painting coarsely; disguising 
clumsily ; decking ostentatiously ; flattering grossly. 

DAUBING, n. Plastering ; coarse painting ; gross flattery. 

DAUBY, a. Viscous ; glutinous ; slimy ; adhesive. 

DAUGHTER (daw'ter), n. [Sax. dohter ; D. dogter ; G. toch 
ier.] 1. The female offspring of a man or woman ; a fe 
male child of any age. 2. A daughter-in-law ; a son's wife 
3. A woman; pi. female inhabitants. 4. A female de- 
scendant ; lineage of females. 5. The female penitent oi 
a confessor. — This word is used in Scripture for the inhab- 
itants of a city or country, male and female. — 7s., xvi., 2. 

DAUGHTER-LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of a daughter. 9 
The conduct becoming a daughter. 

DAUGH'TER-LY, a. Becoming a daughter ; dutiful. 

DAUK. See Dawk. 

* DAUNT (dant), v. t. [In Scot, dant, danton,] To repres* 

or subdue courage ; to check by fear of danger. — Syn 
To terrify ; intimidate ; appall ; dismay ; frighten ; dis- 
courage; dispirit; dishearten. 

* DAUNTED, pp. Checked by fear ; intimidated. 

* DAUNTING, -ppr. Repressing courage ; intimidating ; dis- 
heartening. 

* DAUNTLESS, a. Bold; fearless; intrepid; not timid; 

not discouraged. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



DAY 



263 



DEA 



DAUNTLESS-LY adv. In a dauntless manner. 

•DALiNT'LESS-NESS.n. Fearlessness; intrepidity. 

DAUPHIN, n. [Fr. dauphin; L. delpliin, delphinus] The 
title of the eldest son of the King of France, and presump- 
tive heir of the crown. Since the dethronement of the 
elder branch of the Bourbons in 1830, this title has been dis- 
used. — P. Cyc. 

DAU'PHIN-ESS, n. The wife or lady of the dauphin. 

Da'VID-ISTS, ln.pl. A sect of quiet mystics of the 

Da'VID-gEOR'gI-ANS, 3 16th century, who were accused 
of very erroneous sentiments. 

DA-Vi'NA, n. A mineral of a hexahedral form, found on 
Vesuvius, and named after Sir Humphrey Davy. The 
same as nepheline. 

DAVIT, n. A term applied to pieces of timber or iron pro- 
jecting over a ship's side or stern, having tackles to hoist 
up a boat by. Fish davits are used over the bows, to 
hoist up the flukes of the anchor, which is called fishing 
the anchor. 

DAW, n. A word that is found in the compound names of 
many species of birds. 

f DAW, v. i. To dawn. See Dawn. 

DAW, v. i. To thrive ; to mend ; to recover health. — Grose. 

t DAWDLE, v. i. To waste time ; to trifle. 

\ DAWDLER, n. A trifle r. 

DAW'ISH, a. Like a daw.— Bale. 

DAWK, n. 1. A hollow, rupture, or incision in timber ; [lo- 
cal.] 2. [Hindoo, Ddk.] The mail post in India. 

OAWK, v. t. To cut or mark with an incision. 

')i.WN, v. i. [Sax. dagian.] 1. To begin to grow light in the 
morning ; to grow light. — 2. Figuratively, to begin to open 
or expand ; to begin to show intellectual light, or knowl- 
edge. 3. To glimmer obscurely. 4. To begin to open or 
appear. 

DAWN, n. 1. The break of day; the first appearance of 
light hi the morning. 2. First opening or expansion ; first 
appearance of intellectual light. 3. Beginning ; rise ; first 
appearance ; as, " the dawn of time." — Shak. 4. A feeble or 
incipient light ; first beams ; as, a dawn of hope. 

DAWN'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Growing light ; first appearing lu- 
minous ; opening. 2. Opening ; expanding ; beginning to 
show intellectual light ; beginning. 

DAWN'ING, n. 1. The first appearance of light in the morn- 
ing. 2. The first opening or appearance of the intellectu- 
al powers ; beginning. 

DaY, n. [Sax. dag, deg, dag ; Goth, dags ; D. dag.] 1. That 
part of the time of the earth's revolution on its axis in 
which its surface is presented to the sun ; the part of the 
twenty-four hours when it is light ; or the space of time 
between the rising and setting of the sun ; called the arti- 
ficial day. 2. The whole time or period of one revolution 
of the earth on its axis, or twenty -four hours ; called the 
natural day. In this sense, the day may commence at any 
period of the revolution. The Babylonians began the day 
at sun-rising; the Jews at sun-setting; the Egyptians at 
midnight, as do several nations in modern times, the Brit- 
ish, French, Spanish, Americans, &c. This day, in refer- 
ence to civil transactions, is called the civil day. Thus, 
with us, the day when a legal instrument is dated begins 
and ends at midnight. The sidereal day is the period in 
which the earth makes one complete revolution on its axis, 
and is about four minutes shorter than the mean solar day, 
owing to the motion of the sun in its orbit. 3. Light ; sun- 
shine ; as, " Let us walk honestly, as in the day. 1 ' 4. Time 
specified; any period of time distinguished from other 
time ; age ; time, with reference to the existence of a per- 
son or thing. 5. The contest of a day ; battle ; or day of 
combat. 6. An appointed or fixed time ; as, a day of reck- 
oning. 7. Time of commemorating an event ; anniversary ; 
the same day of the month, in any future year. — Day by 
day, daily ; every day ; each day in succession ; continu- 
ally ; without intermission of a day. — But or onlyjrom day 
to day, without certainty of continuance ; temporarily. — 
Shak. To-day, adv. [Sax. to-dag.] On the present day ; 
this day ; or at the present time. — Day of grace, in theolo- 
gy, the time when mercy is offered to sinners. — Days of 
grace, in law, are days granted by the court for delay, at 
the prayer of the plaintiff or defendant. — Days of grace, in 
commerce, a customary number of days (in Great Britain 
and America, three) allowed for the payment of a note or 
bill of exchange, after it becomes due. — Day in court, is a 
day for the appearance of parties in court. — Days in bank, 
in England, days of appearance in the court of common 
bencl^ 
DaY'-BeAM, n. The light of the day.— Bowring. 
DiY'-BED, n. A bed used for idleness, indulgence, or rest, 

during the day. — Shak. 
DaY'-BOOK, n. A journal of accounts ; a book in which 
are recorded the debts and credits, or accounts of the day. 
DaY'-€5AL, n. The upper stratum of coal. 
DaY -DReAM, n. A vision to the waking senses. — Dry- 
den. 
DaY'-FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, the commelina. 



DIY'-FLY, n. One of a genus of insects that live t ne day 
only, or_a very short time, called ephemera. 

Di.Y'-FLY-ER, n. An animal that flies in the daytime. 

DaY'-La-BOR, n. Labor hired or performed by the day. 

DaY-La'BOR-ER, n. One who works by the day. 

DaY'-L1L-Y, n. The same with asphodel. 

DaY'-MaID, n. A dairy -maid. — Shak. 

DaY'-STaR, n. The morning star, Lucifer, Venus ; the star 
which precedes the morning light. 

DaY'S'-W6RK, n. The work of one day. — Among seamen, 
the account or reckoning of a ship's course for 24 hours, 
from noon to noon. 

DaY'-We A-RI£D, a. Wearied with the labor of the day 

DaY'-WoM-AN, n. A dairy-maid.— Shak. 

DaY'-W6RK (-wurk), n. Work by the day ; day-labor. 

DaY'BREaK (da'brake), n. The dawn or first appearance 
of light in the morning. 

D AY'LlGHT (-lite), n. The light of the day ; the light of the 
sun, as opposed to that of the moon, or of a lamp or candle 

DaY'LY, a. The more regular orthography of daily. 

DaYS'MAN, n. An umpire or arbiter; a mediator. 

DaY'SPRING, n. The dawn; the beginning of the day, or 
first appearance of light. 

DaY'TiME, n. The time of the sun's light on the earth. 

DaZE, v. t. [qu. Sax. dw<zs, dysi, dysig.] To overpower 
with light ; to dim or blind by too strong a light, or to ren- 
der the sight unsteady. — Dryden. [Not now used, unless 
in poetry.] 

DIZE, n. Among miners, a glittering stone. 

DAZ'ZLE, v. t. 1. To overpower with light; to hinder dis- 
tinct vision by intense light ; or to render unsteady ; as. to 
dazzle the sight. 2. To strike or surprise with a bright or 
intense light ; to dim or blind by a glare of light, or by 
splendor i [in a literal or figurative sense.] 

DAZ'ZLE, v. i. To be overpowered by light ; to shake or be 
unsteady ; to waver, as the sight. — Dryden. [Rare.] 

DAZ'ZL£D, pp. or a. Made wavering, as the sight ; over- 
powered or dimmed by a too strong light. 

t DAZ'ZLE-MENT, n. The act or power of dazzling. 

DAZ'ZLING, ppr. or a. Rendering unsteady or wavering, 
as the sight; overpowering by a strong light; striking 
with splendor. 

DAZ'ZLING-LY, adv. In a dazzling manner. 

DE, a Latin prefix, denotes a moving from, separation ; as 
in debark, decline, decease, deduct, decamp. Hence it often 
expresses a negative ; as in derange. Sometimes it aug- 
ments the sense, as in deprave, despoil. The Latin phrase 
dejure denotes by right; de facto, in fact, or actually ex- 
isting. 

DeA'GON (deToi), n. [L. diaconus.] 1. A person in the low- 
est degree of holy orders. — 2. In Scotland, an overseer of 
the poor, and the master of an incorporated company. 

DeA'€ON-ESS (delm-ess), n. A female deacon in the prim- 
itive church. 

DeA'€ON-RY, In. The office, dignity, or ministry of a 

DeA'GON-SHIP, 5 deacon or deaconess. 

DeAD (ded), a. [Sax. dead.] 1. Deprived or destitute of 
life ; deceased ; defunct. 2. Having never had life, or 
having been deprived of vital action before birth. 3. With- 
out life ; inanimate. 4. Without vegetable life. 5. Imitat- 
ing death ; deep or sound. 6. Perfectly still ; motionless 
as death ; breathless. 7. Empty ; vacant ; not enlivened 
by variety. 8. Unemployed ; useless ; unprofitable. 9. 
Dull ; inactive. 10. Dull ; gloomy ; still ; not enlivened. 
11. Still ; deep ; obscure. 12. Dull ; not lively ; not re- 
sembling fife. 13. Dull ; heavy. 14. Dull ; frigid ; life- 
less ; cold ; not animated ; not affecting. 15. Tasteless ; 
vapid ; spiritless. 16. Uninhabited. 17. Dull ; without 
natural force or efficacy ; not lively or brisk. 18. In a 
state of spiritual death ; void of grace ; lying under the 
power of sin. 19. Impotent ; unable to procreate. — Rom., iv 
20. Decayed in grace. 21. Not proceeding from spiritual 
life; not producing good works. 22. Proceeding from 
corrupt nature, not from spiritual life or a gracious prin- 
ciple. 23. Perfect or complete; as, a dead level, a dead 
certainty ; so, also, a dead shot, that is, a perfect or uner 
ring marksman.— 24. In law, cut off from the rights of a 
citizen ; deprived of the power of enjoying the rights of 
property. — Dead language, a language which is no longer 
spoken or in common use by a people, and known only 
in writings ; as, the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. — Dead ris- 
ing, or rising line, the parts of a ship's floor or bottom 
throughout her length, where the floor timber is termin- 
ated on the lower futtock. 
DEAD (ded), n. 1. The dead signifies dead men. 2. The 

state of the dead ; or death. 
DeAD (ded). n. The time when there is a remarkable 6txH 
ness or gloom ; depth ; as in the midst of winter or ot 
night, 
t DeAD (ded), v. i. To lose life or force. — Bacon. 
j DEAD (ded), v. t. To deprive of life, force, or vigor.— Bar 

con. 
DE AD'-€6L'OR-ING (ded-kullur-ing), n. The first layer of 



DC VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Olsclete. 



DEA 



264 



DEA 



eolors in a picture, bringing out its parts, usually in some 
shade of gray. On these are superinduced the brighter 
finishing colors, which give life and beauty to the painting. 
DEAD'-DoING, a. Destructive; kilhng. — Spenser. 

DeAD'-DRUNK, a. So drunk as to be incapable of helping 
one's self. 

DiAD'-EYE (dedl), n. [dead man's eye.] Among seamen, a 
round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an 
iron band, and pierced with three holes, to receive the 
laniard. 

DEAD -HEaRT'ED, a. Having a dull, faint heart 

DeAD'-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Pusillanimity. 

DeAD'-KILLTNG, a. Instantly killing.— Shah. 

DeAD'-LET'TER, n. A letter which lies for a certain pe- 
riod uncalled for at the post-office, and is then sent to the 
General Post-office to be opened. 

DeAD'-LIFT, n. The lifting of a thing at the utmost dis- 
advantage, as of a dead body ; hence, an extreme exigency. 

DeAD'-LiGHT (dedOite), n. A strong wooden shutter, 
made to suit a cabin window, in which it is fixed, to pre- 
vent the water from entering a ship in a storm. 
E AD'-MARCH, n. A piece of solemn music played at the 
interment of the dead. 

DeAD'-NET-TLE, n. A plant of the genus lamium, and 
another of the genus galeopsis. 

DeAD'-PLEDGE, n. A mortgage or pawning of things, or 
thing pawned. — Bailey. 

DeAD'-RE€K'ON-ING (ded'-rek'n-ing), n. In navigation, the 
judgment or estimation of the place of a ship, without any 
observation of the heavenly bodies ; or an account of the 
distance she has run by the log, and of the course steered 
by the compass, and this rectified by due allowances for 
drift, lee-way, &c. 

DeAD'-STRUCK, a. Confounded ; struck with horror. 

DeAD'-WA-TER, n. The eddy water closing in with a 
ship's stern as she passes through the water. 

DEAD WEIGHT, n. I. A heavy or oppressive burden. 

2. A name given to an advance by the Bank of England 
to the government, on account of half-pay and pensions 
to retired officers of the army and navy. — Gilbert. 

DEAD-WOOD, n. Blocks of timber laid on the keel of a 

ship, particularly at the extremities. 
DEAD'-WoRKS, n. pi. The parts of a ship which are 

above the surface of the water when she is laden. 
DEAD'-EN (ded'n), v. t. [D. dooden.] 1. To deprive of a 

portion of rigor, force, or sensation ; to abate vigor or 

action. 2. To blunt; to render less susceptible of feeling. 

3. To retard ; to lessen velocity or motion. 4. To dimin- 
ish spirit; to make vapid or spiritless. 5. To take oft' 
gloss or brilliancy ; to give a dead appearance. 

DSAD'.EN_ED (ded'nd), pp. or a. Deprived of force or sen- 
sation; made vapid. 

DeAD'£N-ING, ppr. Deprived of force, velocity, &c. 

DeAD'ISH, a. Resembling what is dead ; dull. 

DeAD'LI-HOOD, n. The state of the dead.— Pearson. 

DeAD'LI-NESS (dedli-nes), n. The quality of being deadly. 

DeAD'LY (dedly), a. 1. That may occasion death. 2. 
Implacable ; aiming to kill or destroy. — Syn. Mortal ; fa- 
tal ; destructive ; murderous. 

DeAD'LY (dedly), adv. 1. In a manner resembling death. 
2. Mortally. 3. Implacably; destructively. — 4. In a vul- 
gar or ludicrous sense, very ; extremely. 

DeAD'LY-CAR'ROT, n. A plant of the genus thapsia. 

DeAD'LY-NiGHT'SHIDE, n. A poisonous plant of the 
genus atropa, the belladonna. 

DeAD'NESS (ded'nes), n. 1. Want of natural life or vital 
power, in an animal or plant. 2. Want of animation ; 
dullness ; languor ; as, the deadness of one's eyes. 3. 
Want of warmth or ardor ; coldness ; frigidity ; as, dead- 
ness of feeling. 4. Vapidness ; want of spirit. 5. State of 
being incapable of conception, according to the ordinary 
laws of nature. 6. Indifference ; mortification of the natu- 
ral desires ; alienation of heart from temporal pleasures. 

*' DEAF (def in England, more commonly deef in America), 
a. [Sax. deaf; Ice. dauf; D. doof. This word is generally 
pronounced, in the United States, so as to rhyme with leaf, 
sheaf, Sec, according to the uniform analogy of words of 
this kind. Such was the pronunciation in England, as late, 
at least, as the time of Temple and Prior ; since which 
def has been introduced.] 1. Not perceiving sounds ; not 
receiving impressions from sonorous bodies through the 
air. 2. Wanting the sense of hearing ; having organs 
which do not perceive sounds.: — 3. In a metaphorical sense, 
not listening; not regarding; not moved, persuaded, or 
convinced ; rejecting. 4. Without the ability or will to re- 
gard spiritual things ; unconcerned. 5. Deprived of the 
power of hearing ; deafened. 6. Stifled ; imperfect ; ob- 
scurely heard. 

v DEAF, v. t. To deafen.— Dry den. 

DeAF-MOTE, n. A deaf and dumb person. 
DEAFE LY, a. Lonely ; solitary ; far from neighbors. 
' DeAF'^N (deef 'n or def 'n), v. t. 1. To make deaf; to 
deprive of the power of hearing ; to impair the organs of 



hearing, so as to render them unimpressible to sounds. 
2. To stun ; to render incapable of perceiving sounds dis- 
tinctly.— 3. In architecture, to deafen a floor, is to render it 
impervious to sound by filling the space beneath with 
mortar and other substances. 

De AF'.ENjED (def'nd or def'nd), pp. Made deaf; stunned. 

De AF'.EN-ING, ppr. or a. Making deaf; rendering impervi- 
ous to sound. 

* DEAF'LY(deeflyordef1y),a^w. Without sense of sounds, 

obscurely heard. 

* DeAF'NESS (deef 'nes or' def 'nes), n. 1. Incapacity of 

perceiving sounds ; the state of the organs which prevents 
the impressions which constitute hearing. 2. Unwilling- 
ness to hear and regard ; voluntary rejection of what is 
addressed to the ear and to the understanding. 

DEAL, v. t. ; pret. and pp. dealt, pron. delt. [Sax. dalan, be- 
dalan, gedalan.] 1. To divide ; to part ; to separate ; 
hence, to divide in portions ; to distribute. Often follow- 
ed by out ; as, to deal out blessings. 2. To scatter ; to 
throw about ; as, to deal out curses ; to deal out cards. 3. 
To throw out in succession ; to give one after another ; 
as, to deal blows. 

DEAL, v. i. 1. To traffic ; to trade ; to negotiate. 2. To 
act between man and man ; to intervene ; to transact or 
negotiate between men. 3. To behave well or ill ; to act ; 
to conduct one's self in relation to others ; as, to deal 
kindly. 4. To distribute cards. 

To deal by. To treat, either well or ill.— To deal in. 1. To 
have to do with ; to be engaged in ; to practice. 2. To 
trade in. — To deal with. 1. To treat in any manner; to 
use well or ill. 2. To contend with ; to treat with, by 
way of opposition, check, or correction. 3. To treat with 
by way of discipline, in ecclesiastical affairs ; to admonish. 

DEAL, n. [Sax. dal, dal, gedal.] 1. Literally, a division ; a 
part or portion : hence, an indefinite quantity, degree, or 
extent. 2. The division or distribution of cards ; the art 
or practice of dealing cards. 3. The division of a piece 
of timber made by sawing ; a pine board or plank. 

DE-AL'BaTE, v. t. [L. dealbo.] To whiten. [Little used.] 

DE-AL-Ba'TION, n. The act of bleaching ; a whitening. 

DeALjED, pp. Divided ; thrown out. 

DeAL'ER, n. 1. One who deals ; one who has to do with 
any thing, or has concern with. 2. A trader ; a trafficer ; 
a shopkeeper ; a broker ; a merchant ; [a word of very ex- 
tensive use.] 3. One who distributes cards to the players 

DEALING, ppr. 1. Dividing ; distributing ; throwing out. 2 
Trading ; trafficking ; negotiating. 3. Treating ; behaving. 

DEALING, n. I. Conduct in relation to others. 2. Inter- 
course in buying and selling. 3. Intercoxirse of business 
or friendship. — Syn. Behavior ; treatment ; traffic ; trade ; 
business; negotiation; commerce; concern; intercourse; 
communion. 

DEALT (delt), pret. and pp. Distributed ; scattered ; given 
in succession ; traded ; conducted. 

t DE-AM'BU-LaTE, v. i. [L. deambulo.] To walk abroad. 

DE-AM-BU-La'TION, n. The act of walking abroad.— Elyot. 

DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to walks. 

DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, n. A place to walk in. 

DEAN, n. [Fr. doyen ; Arm. dean ; Sp. dean, decano.] 1. In 
England, an ecclesiastical dignitary in cathedral and col- 
legiate churches, and the head of a chapter. — Rural Dean. 
See in verbo. 2. An officer in each college of the univers- 
ities in England. — 3. In the United States, the registrar of 
the faculty in some colleges, particularly in medical in- 
stitutions. — Dean and chapter are the bishop's council, to 
aid him with their advice in affairs of religion, and in the 
temporal concerns of his see. 

DeAN'ER-Y, n. The office or the revenue of a dean. 2. 
The house of a dean. — Shak. 3. The jurisdiction of a dean. 

De AN'SHIP, n. The office of a dean. 

DeAR, a. [Sax. deor.] 1. Scarce ; not plentiful ; costly ; as, 
a dear year. — Shah; [obs.] 2. Bearing a high price in 
comparison of the usual price ; more costly than usual ; 
of a higher price than the customary one. 3. Of a high 
value in estimation ; greatly valued ; beloved ; precious. 

t DEAR, a. [Sax. derianJ] Hurtful ; grievous ; hateful.— Shak 

t DeAR, v. i. To make dear. — Shelton. 

DeAR, n. A darling ; a word denoting tender affection oi 
endearment ; as, my dear. 

DeAR'-BOUGHT (-baut), a. Purchased at a high price. 

D£AR'-L6V.ED (-luvd), a. Greatly beloved.— Shak. 

DeAR'BORN, n. A light four-wheeled carriage. 

DeAR'LING. See Darling. 

DeAR'LY, adv. 1. At a high price. 2. With great fondness 

t DeARN, a. [Sax. deorn.] Lonely ; solitary ; melancholy 

DeARNESS, n. 1. Scarcity ; high price, or a higher price 
than the customary one. 2. Fondness; nearness to the. 
heart or affections ; great value in estimation ; precious 
ness ; tender love. 

tDEARN'LY, adv. Secretly; privately; mournfully. 

DEARTH (derth), n. 1. Scarcity ; which makes food dear 
2. Want ; need ; famine. 3. Barrenness ; sterility ; as, 
dearth of incident in a story. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &.c long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



DEB 



265 



DEB 



DK-aR-TIC'U-LITE, v. t. To disjoint. 

DEATH fdeth), n. [Sax. death.] 1. That state of a being, an- 
imal or vegetable, but more particularly of an animal, in 
which there is a total and permanent cessation of all the 
vital functions, when the organs have not only ceased to 
act, but have lost the susceptibility of renewed action. 2. 
The state of the dead. 3. The manner of dying. 4. The 
image of mortality represented by a skeleton. 5. Murder ; 
as, a man of death. 6. Cause of death ; destroyer or agent 
of death ; as, it was the death of him ; he caught his death 
by that exposure. Addison. — 7. In poetry, the means or 
instrument of death ; as, a leaden death. — Dryden. 8. In 
theology, perpetual separation from God, and eternal tor- 
ments ; called the second death. — Rev., ii. 9. Separation or 
alienation of the soul from God ; a being under the domin- 
ion of 6in, and destitute of grace or divine life ; called spir- 
itual death. — Civil death is the separation of a man from 
civil society, or from the enjoyment of civil rights ; as by 
banishment. — Syn.- Decease ; demise ; departure ; disso- 
lution; exit; extinction; mortality; destruction. 

DeATH'-BED (demised), n. The bed on which a person 
dies, or is confined in his last sickness. 

DeATH'-BoD-ING, a. Portending death.— Shak. 

DeATH'-DaRT-ING, a. Darting or inflicting death. 

DeATH'-Do-ING. a. Inflicting death.— Kirby. 

DEATH-DOOMED, a. Doomed to death.— Coleridge. 

DeATH'-STRSKE, n. The stroke of death. 

DeATH'-RAT-TLE (deth'rat-1), n. A rattling in the throat 
of a dying person. 

DeATH-3HAD-oW.ED, a. Surrounded by the shades of 
death. — More. 

DeATH'-To-KEN (deth'to-kn), n. That which indicates 
approaching death. — Shak. 

DEATH -WATCH, n. A small beetle, whose ticking, which 
is really the call of the male for its mate, has been weakly 
supposed to prognosticate death. 

DeATH'FUL, a. Full of slaughter; murderous; destructive. 

DeATH'FUL-NESS, n. Appearance of death.— Taylor. 

DEATHLESS, a. Immortal ; not subject to death, destruc- 
tion, or extinction. 

DeATH'LiKE, a. 1. Resembling death ; gloomy; still; calm; 
quiet ; peaceful ; motionless ; like death in horror or in 
stillness. 2. Resembling death ; cadaverous. 

De ATH'S'-DoOR (deths'dore), n. A near approach to death ; 
the gates of death. — Taylor. 

DeATH'S'-MAN, n. An executioner ; a hangman. 

DeATHWARD, adv. Toward death.— Beaumont and Fl. 

DE-AUH1TE, v. t. [L. deauro.] To gild. [Little used.] 

DE-AU-RATE, a. Gilded. 

f DE-AU-Ra'TION, n. The act of gilding. 

\ DE-BAC'CHITE, v. i. To rave and bluster, as a bacchanal. 

\ DE-BA€-€HI'TION, n. A raving. 

DE-BA€'LE, n. [Fr.] A violent rush or torrent of waters, 
breaking down all opposing barriers, and carrying away 
rocks, &c, in its course. — Lyell. 

DE-BaR', v. t. To cut off from entrance ; to hinder from 
approach, entry, or enjoyment. — Syn. To exclude ; de- 
prive ; hinder ; preclude ; shut out. 

\ DE-BaRB', v. t. To deprive of the beard. 

DE-B aRK', v. t. [Fr. debarquer.] To land from a ship or boat ; 
to remove from on board any water-craft, and place on 
land ; to disembark. [It is less used than disembark.] 

DE-BaRK', v. i. To leave a ship or boat and pass to the land. 

DE-BaRK-a'TION, n. The act of disembarking. 

DE-BaRILED' (de-barkf), pp- Removed to land from on 
board a ship or boat 

DE-BaRKTNG, ppr. Removing from a ship to the land ; 
going from on board a vessel. 

DE-BaRH-ED (de-bard'), pp. Hindered from approach, en- 
trance, or possession. 

DE-BaR'RING, ppr. Preventing from approach, entrance, 
or enjoyment 

DE-BaR'RING, n. Hinderance from approach. 

DE-B aSE', v. t. 1. To reduce from a higher to a lower state, 
in quality or respectability. 2. To reduce or lower in qual- 
ity, purity, or value ; to adulterate; as, to debase the coin. 
3. To lower or degrade ; to make mean or despicable ; as, 
to debase one's principles. 4. To sink in purity or elegance ; 
to vitiate by meanness ; as, to debase one's style. — Syn. To 
humble ; degrade ; depress ; lower ; disgrace. 

DE-BaS'jED (de-baste^), pp. or a. Reduced in estimated val- 
ue ; lowered in estimation ; reduced in purity, fineness, 
quality, or value ; adulterated; degraded; rendered mean. 

DE-BIS r E'MENT, n. The act of debasing; degradation; 
reduction of purity, fineness, quality, or value ; adultera- 
tion ; a state of being debased. 

DE-BaS'ER, n. One who debases or lowers in estimation, 
or in value; one who degrades or renders mean; that 
which debases. 
DE-BAS'ING.^r. or a. 1. Reducing in estimation or worth ; 
adulterating ; reducing in purity or elegance ; degrading ; 
rendering mean. 2. a. Lowering; tending to debase or 
degrade. 



DE-BaS'ING-LY, adv. So as to debase. 

DE-BaT'A-BLE, a. That may be debated ; disputable , sub 
jectto controversy or contention. 

DE-BaTE' n. [Fr. debat.] 1. Contention in words or argu 
ments ; discussion for elucidating truth ; strife in argu 
ment or reasoning between persons of different opinions , 
dispute ; controversy. 2. Strife ; contention. 3. The pow 
er of being disputed. — 4. Debate or debates, the published 
report of arguments for and against a measure. 

DE-BaTE'. v. t. [Fr. debattre.] To contend for in words or 
arguments ; to strive to maintain a cause by reasoning ; 
to dispute ; to discuss ; to argue ; to contest as opposing 
parties. 

DE-BaTE', v. i. 1. To debate on or in, to deliberate ; to 
discuss or examine different arguments in the mind. 2. 
To dispute. 3. To engage in combat ; [not in use.] 

DE-BaT'ED, pp. or a. Disputed ; argued ; discussed. 

DE-BaTE'FUL, a. 1. Of things, contested; occasioning 
contention. — Spenser. 2. Of persons, quarrelsome ; con- 
tentious. [Little used.] 

DE-BaTETUL-LY. adv. With contention.— Slierwood. 

DE-BITE'MENT, 7i. Controversy ; deliberation. — Shalt 
[Little used.] 

DE-BaTER, n. One who debates ; a disputant ; a contro 
vertist. 

DE-BaTTNG, ppr. or a. Disputing ; discussing ; contend 
ing by arguments. 

DE-BltlNG SO-CrE-TY, n. A society for the purpose of 
debate, and improvement in extemporaneous speaking 

DE-BaTTNG-LY, adv. In the manner of debate. 

DE-BAUCH', v. t. [Fr. debaucher.] 1. To corrupt or vitiate . 
as, to debauch the principles oi the young. 2. To corrupt 
with lewdness. 3. To seduce from duty or allegiance ; as, 
to debauch the soldiery. — Syn. To pervert ; mislead ; de- 
file ; pollute. 

DE-BAUCH', n. [Fr. debauche.] Excess in eating or drink- 
ing ; intemperance ; drunkenness ; gluttony ; lewdness. 

DE-BAUCH.ED (de-bawcht), pp. or a. Corrupted ; vitiated 
in morals or purity of character. 

DE-BAUCHED-LY, adv. In a profligate manner. 

DE-BAUCH'ED-NESS, n. Intemperance.— Bp. Hall. 

DEB-AU-cHEE' (deb-o-shee'), n. A man given to intemper- 
ance, or bacchanalian excesses. But chiefly, a man habitu- 
ally lewd. 

DE-BAUCHER, n. One who debauches or corrupts others 
a seducer to lewdness, or to any dereliction of duty. 

DE-BAUCH'ER-Y. n. 1. Excess in the pleasures of the ta- 
ble ; gluttony ; intemperance. But chiefly, habitual lewd- 
ness ; excessive unlawful indulgence of lust 2. Corrup- 
tion of fidelity ; seduction from duty or allegiance. 

DE-BAUCH'MENT, n. The act of debauching or corrupt 
ing ; the act of seducing from virtue or duty. 

DE-BAUCHNESS, Y E 

DE-BAUCHTNESS, j ■ ^ xcess - 

t dIbIlIite, } * ?■ t L - deMl °l To subdue - 

t DE-BEL-L A'TION, n. The act of conquering or subduing 

DE B&NE ESSE. [Lat] In law, to take an order or tea 
timony de bene esse, is to take or allow it for the present 
but subject to be suppressed on a further examination. 

DE-BENTURE, n. [Fr.] 1. A writing acknowledging a 
debt ; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as 
evidence of a debt due to some person. — 2. In the customs, 
a certificate of drawback ; a writing which states that a 
person is entitled to a certain sum from the government 
on the exportation of specified goods, the duties on wnich 
have been paid. 

DE-BENTUR.ED, a. Debentured goods are those for which a 
debenture has been given, as being entitled to drawback. 

DEB'ILE, a. [L. debilis ; Fr. debile.] Relaxed ; weak ; fee- 
ble ; languid ; faint ; without strength. — Shak. 

DE-BIL'I-TITE, v. t. [L. debilito.] To impair the strength 
of; to make faint or languid. — Syn. To weaken; enfee- 
ble ; relax ; enervate ; bring low. 

DE-BIL'I-Ta-TED, pp. Weakened; enfeebled; relaxed. 

DE-BILI-Ti-TING, ppr. or a. Weakening ; enfeebling ; im- 
pairing strength. 

DE-BIL-I-TaTION, n. The act of weakening ; relaxation 

DE-BIL1-TY, 7i. [L. deMUtas.] Relaxation of the solids ; 
languor of body. — Syn. Weakness ; feebleness ; infirmi- 
ty ; faintness ; imbecility. 

DEBIT, n. [L. debitum.] "Debt It is usually written debt 
But it is used in mercantile language; as, the debit side ot 
an account 

DEBIT, v. t. 1. To charge with debt 2. To enter an ac- 
count on the debtor side of a book. 

DEB'IT-ED, pp. 1. Charged in debt ; made debtor on ac- 
count. 2. Charged to one's debt, as money or goods. 

DEB'IT-ING, ppr. 1. Making debtor on accounC as a per- 
son. 2. Charging to the debt of a person, as goods. 

DEB1T-OR, n. _ A "debtor.— Shak. 

DE-BI-TC'MIN-IZE, v. t. To deprive of bitumen.— Lvdl. 

DE-BI-Tu'MIN-lZ£D, pp. or a. Deprived of bitumen. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GEB- VI"CIQUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DEC 



266 



DEC 



xJEB-O-NaIR' (deb-bon-nare'), a. [Fr.] Civil; gentle; com- 
plaisant ; elegant. — Milton. 

f DEB-O-NIIR'I-TY, n. Graciousness ; gentleness ; elegance 
of manners. — Donne. 

fr DEB-O-NaIR'LY, adv. In a meek and gentle manner. 

frDEB-0-NHR'NESS, n. Gentleness; meekness; kindness. 

DE-BoUcH' (de-boosb/), v. i. [Fr. deboucker.] To issue or 
march out of a confined place, or from defiles, as troops. 

DE-BRi'S' (da-bree'), n. [Fr.] Literally, ruins or fragments. 
— iageology, masses of rock and other substances, detached 
from the summit and sides of a mountain, and piled up 
below. — Brande. 

DEBT (det), n. [L. debitum.] 1. That which is due from 
one person to another, whether money, goods, or serv- 
ices ; that which one person is bound to pay or perform 
to another. 2. That which any one is obliged to do or to 
suffer. — 3. In law, an action to recover a debt. — 4. In 
Scripture, sin ; trespass ; guilt ; crime ; that which renders 
liable to punishment. — Syn. Due ; obligation ; liability. 

f DEBTED (det'ted), pp. Indebted ; obliged to.— Shah. 

DEBT-EE' (det-tee'), n. A creditor ; one to whom a debt is 
due. — Blackstone. 

DEBT'LESS (defies), a. Free from debt— Chaucer. 

DEBTOR (det'tor), n. [L. debitor.] 1. The person who 
owes another either money, goods, or services. 2. One 
who is under obligation to do something. 3. The side of 
an account in which debts are charged. See Debit. 

fr DEB-UL-Li"TION, n. A bubbling or seething over. 

DE-BUT' (da-bu'), n. [Fr.] A first appearance before the 
public, as of an actor, or public speaker, &c. ; the begin- 
ning of an enterprise. — Brande. 

DEB- U- TaNT' (deb-u-tang 7 ), n. A person who makes a first 
appearance before the public. 

DECA-CHORD, i n. [Gr. & 6 ica and jppfaj LA music- 

DEC-A-GHORD'ON, > al instrument, among the ancients, 
of ten strings. 2. Something consisting of ten parts. 

fr DEG-A-Gu'MI-Na-TED, a. [L. decacuminatus.] Having the 
top or point cut off. 

DEGA-DAL, a. Pertaining to ten ; consisting of tens. 

DE€ADE, n. [L. decas, decadis ; Fr. decade.] The sum or 
cumber of ten ; an aggregate consisting ot ten. 

DE-Ca'DENCE, I - <fe eD FCAv 

DE-CI'DEN-CY, I 71 ' JJeca y- *ee decay. 

DE€A-GON, n. [Gr. Sexa and ywvta.] In geometry, a plane 
fismre having ten sides and ten angles. 

D EGA-GRAM, in. [Gr. dexa, and gram.] A French 

DE-G A- GRAMME, ) weight of ten grammes, equal to 5 
drams, 65 hundredths, avoirdupois. 

DEG-A-6YN'!- A, n. [Gr. Sexa and yvvn.] In botany, an order 
of plants having ten styles. 

DE-GA(?YN-OUS } °" In ^ otan V^ having ten styles. 

DEG-A-HeDRAL, a. Having ten sides. 

DE€-A-He'DRON, n. [Gr. $a<a and eSpa.] In geometry, a 
solid figure or body having ten sides. 

DE-GAL'1-TER, i n. [Gr. Scko, and litre.] A French meas- 

DEG'A-LT-TRE, j ure of capacity, containing ten litres. 

DE-GAL'O-GIST, n. One who explains the decalogue. 

DE€A-LOGUE (dek'a-log), n. [Gr. Seku and \oyog.]. The 
ten commandments or precepts given by God to Moses. 

DE-GAM'E-RON, n. [Gr. Sena, ten, and fxepos, part.] A vol- 
ume consisting of ten books ; applied particularly to the 
celebrated collection of tales by Boccaccio. 

DE-GAM'E-TER, in. [Gr. Scku and perpov.] A French 

DE-GA-ME-TRE, 5 measure of length, consisting of ten 
metres, and equal to 393,71 English inches. 

DE-GAMP', v. i. [Fr. decamper.] 1. To remove or depart 
from a camp ; to march off. Hence, 2. In a wider sense, 
to depart ; to take one's self off; as, he decamped in haste. 

DE-GAMP'MENT, n. Departure from a camp ; a marching 
off. 

DEGA-NAL, a. Pertaining to a deanery. 

DE-GAN'DRI-A, n. [Gr. Seica and avrjp.] In botany, a class 
of plants having ten stamens. 

DE-GANDRLAN, i Having ten stamens 

DE-GAN'DROUS, S • Havul ° ten stamens - 

DEG-AN"GU-LAR, a. [Gr. Seica, and angular.] Having ten 
angles. — Lee. 

DE-GANT'. v. t. [L. decanto.] To pour off gently, as liquor 
from its sediment ; or to pour from one vessel into another. 

DE-GANT- a'TION, n. The act of pouring a clear superna- 
tant fluid from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel 
into another. 

DE-GANT'ED, pp. Poured off, or from one vessel into an- 
other. 

DE-GANT'ER, n. 1. A vessel used to decant liquors, or for 
receiving decanted liquors. A glass vessel or bottle used 
for holding wine or other liquors. 2. One who decants liq- 
uors ; [rare.] 

DE-GANTING, ppr. Pouring off, as liquor from its lees, or 
from one vessel to another. 

DE-GAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. Seica and <pv\Xov.] Having ten 
leaves. — Martyn. 



DE-GAP'I-TITE, v. t. [L. decapito.] To cut off the head.- 
Syn. To behead ; decollate. 

DE-GAP'I-Ta-TED, pp. Beheaded. 

DE-GAP'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Beheading. 

DE-GAP-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of beheading. 

DEGA-POD, n. [Gr. StKa and novs.] An animal having te» 
feet. 

DE-GaR'BON-aTE, v. t. To deprive a carbonate of its acid 

DE-GaR-BON-I-Za'TION, n. The action or process of de 
priving a substance of carbon. — Bell. 

DE-GaR'BON-iZE, v. t. To deprive of carbon. 

DE-G AR'BON-lZ ED, pp. Deprived of carbon. 

DE-GaR'BON-iZ-ING, ppr. Depriving of carbon. 

DE-GaR'DIN-AL-iZE, v. t. [de and cardinal] To remuvw 
from the rank of a cardinal. — Howell. 

DEGA-STIGH (dek'a-stik), n. [Gr. Scku and onxos-] A 
poem consisting of ten lines. 

DEGA-ST? LE, n. [Gr. Seica and ctvXo;.] A portico with 
ten columns in front. 

DEG-A-SYL-LAB1G, a. Having ten syllables. 

DE-G A Y' (de-ka'), v. i. [Fr. dechoir.] 1. To pass gradually 
from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state, to a less perfect 
state, or toward destruction ; to be gradually impaired. 
2. To become weaker. — Syn. To decline ; waste ; wither ; 
fade ; fail. 

DE-G A Y', v. t. To cause to fail ; to impair ; to bring to a 
worse state. [Rarely used.] 

DE-GaY', n. 1. Gradual failure of health, strength, sound 
ness, prosperity, or any species of excellence or perfec 
tion ; decline to a worse or less perfect state ; tendency 
toward dissolution or extinction ; a state of depravation 
or diminution. 2. Declension from prosperity ; decline 
of fortune. 3. Cause of decay ; [not usual.] 

DE-C aY'ED (de-kade'), pp. or a. Having fallen from a good 
or sound state ; impaired ; weakened ; diminished. 

DE-GaY'ED-NESS, n. A state of being impaired ; decayed 
state. 

DE-GaY'ER, n. That which causes decay. — Shale. 

DE-GaY'ING, ppr. or a. Failing ; declining ; passing from 
a good, prosperous, or sound state to a worse condition ; 
perishing. 

DE-GIY'ING, n. Decay ; decline. 

DE-CeASE', n. [L. decessus.] Literally, departure ; hence, 
departure from this life. — Syn. Death ; demise ; dissolu- 
tion ; exit. 

DE-CeASE', v. i. To depart from this life ; to die. 

DE-CeAS'ED (de-seestf), pp. or a. Departed from life. 
[This is used as a passive participle.] 

DFvCeAS'ING, ppr. Departing from life ; dying. 

DE-CeT)ENT, n. [L. decedens.] A deceased person. — Lav* 
of Penn. 

DE-CeIT (de-seef), n. [Norm, decent ; L. deceptio.] 1. Lit- 
erally, a catching or ensnaring. Hence, the misleading of 
a person ; the leading of another person to believe what 
is false, or not to believe what is true, and thus to insnare 
him. 2. Device intended to mislead. — 3. In Scripture, that 
which is obtained by guile, fraud, or oppression. — 4. In 
law, any underhand practice used to defraud another.— 
Syn. Deception ; fallacy ; duplicity ; guile ; art ; artifice ; 
cunning ; fraud ; trick ; cheat ; craft ; collusion ; shift ; 
double dealing ; stratagem ; treachery ; wile. 

DE-CeIT'FUL, a. 1. Tending to mislead, deceive, or in- 
snare. 2. Full of deceit. — Syn. Delusive; fallacious; il- 
lusive ; fraudulent ; trickish ; insidious ; designing ; wily ; 
false ; hollow ; counterfeit ; hypocritical ; insincere. 

DE-CeITFUL-LY, adv. In a deceitful manner ; fraudulent- 
ly ; with deceit ; in a manner or with a view to deceive. 

DE-CEIT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Tendency to mislead or de 
ceive. 2. The quality of being fraudulent. 3. The dispo- 
sition to deceive. 

DE-CeITLESS, a. Free from deceit.— Hall. 

DE-CeIVA-BLE, a. 1. Subject to deceit or imposition ; ca- 
pable of being misled or entrapped ; exposed to imposture. 
2. Subject or apt to produce error or deception; de- 
ceitful. 

DE-CeIVA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Liableness to be deceived. 
2. Liableness to deceive ; as, with all deceivablentss of un- 
righteousness. — 2 Thess. 

DE-CeIVA-BLY, adv. In a deceivable manner. 

DE-CeIVE' (de-seve), v. t. [L. decipio ; Fr. decevoir.] 1. To 
cause to err ; to cause to believe what is false, or disbe- 
lieve what is true ; to impose on. 2. To cut off from ex 
pectation ; to frustrate or disappoint ; as, to deceive one's 
hopes. 3. To take from; to rob. — Bacon; [not used.]— 
Syn. To mislead ; beguile ; delude ; illude ; cheat ; circum- 
vent; overreach; mock; fail. 

DE-CeIV'ED (de-seevd'), pp. or a. Misled; led into error; 
beguiled; cheated; deluded. 

DE-CeIV'ER, n. One who deceives ; one who leads into 
error ; a cheat ; an impostor. 

DE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Misleading; insnaring; cheating; be- 
guiling. 

DE-CEM'BER, n. [L. December.] The last month in the 



See Synoysr* A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E) I. &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



DEC 



267 



DEC 



year, in which the sun enters the tropic of Capricorn, and 
makes the winter solstice. 

DE-CEM-DENTATE, a. [L. decern and dentatus.] Having 
ten points or teeth. 

DE-CEM'FID, a. [L. decern and jido.] Ten-cleft; divided 
into ten parts ; having ten divisions. 

DE-CEM-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. decern and loculus.] Having 
ten cells for seeds. 

DE-CEM'PE-D AL, a. [L. decern and pes.] Ten feet in length. 

DE-CEM'VtR, n. ; pi. DecemViri or Decem'viks. [L. decern 
and vir.] One of ten magistrates, who had absolute au- 
thority in ancient Rome. 

DE-CEM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome. 

DE-CEM'VI-RATE, n. [L. decemvir atus.] 1. The office or 
term of office of the decemvirs or ten magistrates in Rome, 
who had absolute authority for two years. 2. A body of 
ten men in authority. 

f De'CENCE. The same as decency. 

De'CEN-CY, n. [Fr. decence; L. decentia.] 1. That which 
is fit, suitable, or becoming, in words or behavior; pro- 
priety of form, in social intercourse, in actions, or dis- 
course; decorum; proper formality; becoming ceremo- 
ny. It has a special reference to behavior. 2. Suitable- 
ness to character ; propriety. 3. Propriety in speech ; 
modesty ; opposed to ribaldry, or obscenity. 

DE-CEN'NA-RY, n, [L. decennis, deccnnium.] 1. A period 
of ten years. 2. A tithing consisting of ten freeholders 
and their families. 

DE-CEN'NI-AL, a. [L. decennalis.] Continuingfor ten years ; 
consisting of ten years ; or happening every ten years. 

DE-CENNO-VAL, ) a. [L. decern and novem.] Pertaining 

DE-CEN'NO-VA-RY, 5 to the number nineteen ; designa- 
ting a period or circle of nineteen years. 

DE'CENT, a. [L. decens ; Fr. decent.] 1. Becoming ; fit ; suit- 
able, in words, behavior, dress, and ceremony. 2. Come- 
ly; not gaudy or ostentatious. 3. Not immodest. — 4. In 
popular language, moderate ; tolerable ; not large ; as, a 
decent fortune. " There was not a decent unity in any one 
public measure." — Burke's Am. Tax. 

DE'CENT-LY, adv. 1. In a decent or becoming manner ; 
with propriety of behavior or speech. 2. Without im- 
modesty. 3. Moderately; tolerably. 

De'CENT-NESS, n. Decency. 

DE-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being ca- 
pable or liable to be deceived. 

DE-CEP'TI-BLE, a. That may be deceived.— Brown. 

DE-CEP'TION (de-sep'shun), n. [L. deceptio.] 1. The act of 
deceiving or misleading. 2. The state of being deceived 
or misled. 3. Artifice practiced. — Syn. Duplicity ; guile ; 
fraud ; trick ; cheat ; imposition ; double dealing ; fallacy. 

DE-CEP'TIOUS (de-sep'shus), a. Tending to deceive ; de- 
ceitful. — Shak. 

DE-CEPTlVE, a. Tending to deceive ; having power to 
mislead, or impress false opinions. — Svn. False; delu- 
sive ; illusory ; fallacious ; deceitful. 

DE-CEPTiVE-LY, adv. In a manner to deceive. 

DE-CEPTlVE-NESS, n. The state of deceiving, or tenden- 
cy to deceive. 

* DE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Tending to deceive ; containing qual- 
ities or means adapted to mislead. 

t DE-CERN', v. t. [L. decerno.] To judge ; to estimate. 

DE-CERW ED, pp. Judged; estimated. 

DE-CERN'ING, ppr. Judging; estimating. 

t DE-CERPT', a. [L. decerptus.] Cropped. 

DE-CERP'TI-BLE, a. That may be plucked or taken off. 

DE-CERP'TION, n. [L. decerpo.] A pulling or plucking off; 
a cropping. — Glanville. 

DE-CER-Ta'TION, n. [L. decertatio.] Strife ; contest for 
mastery. — Brown. [Little used.] 

DE-CES'SION (de-sesh'un), n. [L. decessio.] Departure. 

DE-CHaRM', v. t. [Fr. decharmer.] To remove a spell or 
enchantment ; to disenchant. — Harvey. 

DE-CHaRM'jED (de-charmd'), pp. Disenchanted. 

DE-CHXRM'ING, ppr. Removing: a spell. 

DE-€HRIS'TIAN-lZE (-krisfyan-Ize), v. t. To turn from 
Christianity; to banish Christian belief and principles 
from. — J. P. Smith. 

DE-CHRIS'TIAN-iZjED, pp. Turned from Christianity. 

DE-€HRIS'TIAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Turning from Christianity. 

DE-ClD'A-BLE, a. That may be decided. — Jones. 

DECIDE', v. t. [L. decido.] 1. To end; to determine, as a 
controversy. 2. To end or determine, as a dispute or 
quarrel. 3. To end or determine a combat or battle. 4. 
To determine ; to settle ; to fix the event of. 5. In gener- 
al, to end ; to terminate. 

DE-ClDE', v. i. To determine ; to form a definite opinion ; 
to come to a conclusion. 

DE-CID'ED, pp. Determined ; ended ; concluded. 

DE-CID'ED, a. 1. That implies decision ; clear ; unequivo- 
cal ; that puts an end to doubt. P. Henry. — 2. Resolute ; 
determined. 

DE-ClD'ED-LY, adv. In a decided or determined manner ; 
clearly ; indisputably. 



t DE-CfDENCE, n. [L. decidens.] A falling off.— Brown. 

DE-ClD'ER, n. One who determines a cause or contest 

DE-ClDTNG, ppr. Determining; ending; concluding. 

DE-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. deciduus.] Falling ; having only a 
temporary existence, as in animals certain kinds of hair 
horns, teeth, &c, are deciduous. In botany, a deciduous 
leaf is one which falls in autumn. 

DE-CID'U-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of falling once a 
year. 

DEC'I-GRAM, \n. A French weight of one tenth of a 

DEC'I-GRAMME, J gramme. 

t De'CIL, n. An aspect or position of two planets, when they 
are distant from each other a tenth part of the zodiac. 

DE-CIL1-TER, In. A French measure of capacity equal 

DEG'ILi-TRE, 5 to one tenth of a litre. 

DE-CILL'ION (de-sil'yun), n. According to the English no- 
tation, a number expressed by a unit with 60 ciphers an- 
nexed ; according to the French notation, a unit with 33 
ciphers annexed. 

DE-CILLIONTH (-yunth), a. Pertaining to a decillion. 

DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. decimus.] 1. Numbered by ten. 2. In- 
creasing or diminishing by tens ; as, decimal fractions. 3. 
Tenth. — Decimal arithmetic is that in which we count by 
tens. 

DECTMAL, n. A tenth ; a fraction having some power of 
ten for its denominator. 

DECI-MAL-LY, adv. By tens ; by means of decimals. 

DECI-MITE, v. t. [L. decimo.] 1. To tithe ; to take tho 
tenth part. 2. To select by lot and punish with death 
every tenth man. 3. To take every tenth. 

DECI-Ma-TED, pp. Tithed ; taken by lots. 

DEC'1-Ma-TING, ppr. Tithing ; selecting every tenth. 

DEC-I-Ma'TION, n. 1. A tithing ; a selection of every tenth 
by lot. 2. The selecting by lot for punishment every tenth 
man in a company or regiment, &c. 

DEC'I-Ma-TOR, n. One who selects every tenth man for 
punishment. — South. 

DE-CIM'E-TER, In. A French measure of length equal 

DEC'I-ME-TRE, } to the tenth part of a metre. 

DECI-MO-SEX'TO, n. [L.] A book is in decimo-sexto when 
a sheet is folded into sixteen leaves. — Taylor. 

DE-CITHER (-si'fer), v. t. [Fr. dechiffrer.] 1. Literally, to 
explain what is written in ciphers, by finding what letter 
each character or mark represents. 2. To unfold ; to un- 
ravel what is intricate ; to explain what is obscure or dif- 
ficult to be understood. 3. To write out ; to mark down 
in characters ; [uncommon.] 4. To stamp ; to mark ; ta 
characterize. — Shak ; [unusual.] 

DE-CI'PHER-A-BLE, a. That may be deciphered. 

DE-Cl'PHER-ED, pp. Explained; unraveled; marked. 

DE-ClTHER-ER, n. One who explains what is written in 
ciphers. 

DE-Cl'PHER-ING, ppr. 1. Explaining ; detecting the letters 
represented by ciphers ; unfolding; marking. 2. n. The 
act of explaining or unfolding. 

DE-CIS'ION (de-sizh'un), n. [L. decisio.] 1. Determination, 
as of a question or doubt ; final judgment or opinion, in a 
case which has been under deliberation or discussion. 2. 
Determination of a contest or event ; end of a struggle ; 
as, they resorted to the decision of arms. 3. Firmness and 
stability of purpose ; as, decision of character. — i. In Scot- 
land, a narrative or report of the proceedings of the court 
of sessions. 5. Report of the opinions and determinations 
of any tribunal; as, the decisions of a court 6. Act of 
separation ; division ; [not used.] 

DE-Cl'SlVE, a. 1. Having the power or quality of deter 
mining a question, doubt, or any subject of deliberation 
putting an end to controversy. 2. Having the power of 
determining a contest or event ; as, a decisive blow. — Syn 
Final ; conclusive ; convincing. 

DE-Cl'SlVE-LY, adv. In a conclusive manner. 

DE-Cl'Si VE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being decisive ; force ; 
conclusiveness. 2. The power of an event to put an end 
to acontest. 

DE-Cl'SO-RY, a. Able to decide or determine. 

DECK, v. t. [D. dekken ; G. decken.] 1. Primarily, to cover 
to overspread ; to put on. 2. To clothe ; to dress the per 
son ; but usually, to clothe with more than ordinary ele 
gance ; to array ; to adom ; to embellish. 3. To furnish 
with a deck, as a vessel. 

DECK, n. 1. The covering of a ship, which constitutes a 
floor, made of timbers and planks. 2. A pack of cards 
piled regularly on each other. 

DECKED (dekt), pp. Covered; adorned; furnished with a 
deck. 

DECKER, n. 1. One who decks or adorns ; a coverer.— 2. 
Of a ship, we say, she is a two-decker or a three-decker, that 
is, she has two decks or three decks. 

DECKING, ppr. Covering; arraying; adorning. 

DECKING, n. Ornament"; embellishment. 

DE-€LaIM', v. i. [L. declamo.] 1. To speak a set oration in 
public ; to speak rhetorically ; to make a formal speech, 
or oration. 2. To harangue; to speak loudly or earnest 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VfCIOUS.— € asK;dasJ;SasZ;cHasSH;THasin this. t Obsolete 



*** 



DEC 



268 



DEC 



iy, to a public body or assembly, with a view to convince 
their minds or move their passions. 

DE-€LIIM', v. t. 1. To speak in public. 2. To speak in 
favor of; to advocate ; [not in use.] 

DE-€LIIM'ANT, In. 1. One who declaims; a speaker in 

DE-€LaIM'ER, > public ; one who attempts to convince 
by a harangue. 2. One who speaks clamorously. 

DE-€LaIM'ING, ppr. Speaking rhetorically ; haranguing. 

DE-€L AIMING, n. 1. The act of speaking in public. 2. A 
harangue^— Bishop Taylor. 

DE-G-LA-Ma'TION, n. [L. declamatio.] 1. A speech made 
in public, in the tone and manner of an oration. 2. A dis- 
course addressed to the passions; as, the speech was 
mere declamation. 3. A piece spoken in public, or intend- 
ed for the public. 

\ DE€'LA-Ma-TOR, n. A declaimer.— Taylor. 

DE-€LAM'A-TO-RY, a. [L. declamatorius.] 1. Relating to 
the practice of declaiming ; pertaining to declamation ; 
treated in the manner of a rhetorician. 2. Appealing to 
the passions ; noisy ; rhetorical, without solid sense or ar- 
gument. 

DE-€LaR'A-BLE, a. That may be declared or proved. 

DE-€LaR'ANT, n. One who makes a declaration. 

DE€-LA-Ra'TION, n. [L. declaratio.] 1. An affirmation ; an 
open expression of facts or opinions ; verbal utterance. 2. 
Expression of facts, opinions, promises, predictions, &c, 
in writings ; records or reports of what has been declared 
or uttered. 3. Publication ; manifestation. 4. A public an- 
nunciation ; proclamation ; as, a declaration of independ- 
ence. — 5. In law, that part of the process or pleadings in 
which the plaintiff sets forth at large his cause of com- 
plaint ; the narration or count. 

DE-€LAR'A-TlVE, a. 1. Making declaration; explanato- 
ry ; making show or manifestation. 2. Making proclama- 
tion or publication. 

DE-GLAR'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. By declaration or exhibition. 

DE-€LAR'A-TO-RY, a. Making declaration, clear mani- 
festation, or exhibition ; expressive. 

DE-CLIRE', v. t. [L. declaro.) 1. To clear; to free from 
obscurity ; to make plain. — Boyle; [obs.] 2. To make 
known; to tell explicitly; to manifest or communicate 
plainly to others by words. 3. To make known ; to show 
to the eye or to the understanding; to exhibit; to mani- 
fest by other means than words ; as, the heavens declare 
the glory of God. 4. To publish ; to proclaim ; as, to de- 
clare one's opinions. 5. To assert ; to affirm ; as, to de- 
clare a statement to be false. — To declare one's self, to 
throw off reserve, and avow one's opinion ; to show open- 
ly what one thinks, or which side he espouses. 

DE-€LaRe', v. i. 1. To make a declaration ; to proclaim 
or avow some opinion or resolution in favor or in opposi- 
tion ; to make known explicitly some determination. — 2. 
In law, to recite the causes of complaint against the de- 
fendant. 3. To show or manifest the issue or event ; to 
decide in favor of. — Syn. To state ; affirm ; aver ; assert ; 
asseverate; protest. 

DE-€L 1R'.ED (de-klard'), pp. or a. Made known ; told ex- 
plicitly ; avowed ; exhibited ; manifested ; published ; 
proclaimed; recited. 

DE-€LIR'ED-LY, adv. Avowedly ; explicitly. 

DE-CLIR'ED-NESS, n. State of being declared. 

DE-€LIRE'MENT, n. Declaration. 

DE-€LaR'ER, n. One who makes known or publishes ; 
that which exhibits. 

DE-€LaR'ING, ppr. Making known by words or by other 
means ; manifesting ; publishing ; affirming ; reciting the 
cause of complaint. 

DE-CLIR'ING, n. Declaration ; proclamation. 

DE-€LEN'SION (de-klen'shun), n. [L. declinatio.] 1. Lit- 
erally, a leaning back or down ; hence, a falling or declin- 
ing toward a worse state ; a tendency toward aless degree 
of excellence or perfection. 2. A declining ; descent ; 
slope. — Burnet ; [rare.] — 3. la. grammar, inflection of nouns, 
adjectives, and pronouns ; the declining, deviation, or lean- 
ing of the termination of a word from the termination of 
the nominative case ; change of termination to form the 
oblique cases. 

OE-GLIN'A-BLE, a. That may be declined; changing its 
termination in the oblique cases. 

OE€'LI-NATE, a. [L. declinatus.] In botany, bending or 
bent downward, in a curve ; declining. 

DE€-LI-Na'TION, n. 1. A leaning ; the act of bending 
down. 2. A declining, or falling into a worse state ; change 
from a better to a worse condition ; decay ; deterioration ; 
gradual failure or diminution of strength, soundness, vig- 
or, or excellence. 3. A deviation from a right line, in a 
literal sense; oblique motion. 4. Deviation from recti- 
tude in behavior or morals ; obliquity of conduct. — 5. In 
astronomy, the distance of any object from the celestial 
equator, either northward or southward. — 6. Declination 
of the compass or needle, is the variation of the needle from 
the true meridian of a place. — 7. In dialing, the declina- 
tion of a wall or plane is an arch of the horizon, contained 



between the plane and the prime vertical circle, If rec* 
oned from the east or west, or between the meridian anw 
the plane, if you reckon from the north or south. — 8. In 
grammar, declension, or the inflection of a noun through 
its various terminations. 

DE€-LI-Na'TOR, n. An instrument for taking the declina- 
tion or inclination of reclining planes ; an instrument in 
dialing. 

DE-€LIN'A-TO-RY, a. Declinatory plea, in law, a plea before 
trial or conviction, claiming exemption from punishment. 

DE-€LlN'A-T¥RE, n. A declining— G. Combe. [Rare.] 

DE-€LlNE', v. i. [L. dectino.] 1. To lean downward. 2. To 
lean from a right fine ; to deviate. — 3. Figuratively, to lean 
or deviate from rectitude ; to leave the path of truth or just- 
ice, or the course prescribed. 4. To fall ; to tend or draw 
toward the close ; as, the day begins to decline. 5. To 
avoid or shun ; to refuse ; not to comply ; not to do ; as, 
he declines to act. 6. To fall ; to fail ; to sink ; to droop ; 
to decay ; to be impaired ; to tend to a less perfect state ; 
as, the nation is declining in morals. 7. To sink ; to dimin- 
ish ; to fall in value ; as, prices decline in time of war. 

DE-€LlNE', v. t. 1. To bend downward ; to bring down. 
2. To bend to one side ; to move from a fixed point or 
right line. 3. To shun or avoid ; to refuse ; not to engage 
in ; to be cautious not to do or interfere ; not to accept or 
comply with. 4. To inflect ; to change the termination of 
a word, for forming the oblique cases. 

DE-CLlNE', n. Literally, a leaning from ; hence, 1. A fall- 
ing off; a tendency to a worse state; diminution or de- 
cay ; deterioration. 2. A gradual decay of health ; con- 
sumption. 

DE-€LINED (de-klind'), pp. Bent downward or from; in- 
flected. 

DE-€LlNTNG, ppr. or a. Leaning ; deviating ; falling ; sink- 
ing ; failing ; decaying ; tending to a worse state ; avoid- 
ing; refusing; inflicting. 

DE€-LI-NOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring the 
declination of the magnetic needle. 

DE-€LlN'OUS, a. In botany, declinate ; bent downward. 

DE-CLIV'I-TY, n. [L. declivitas.] Declination from a hori- 
zontal line ; descent of land ; inclination downward ; a 
slopej a gradual descent. 

DE-€Ll'VOUS, \a. Gradually descending; not precip- 

DE-CLIV1-TOUS, j itous ; sloping. 

DE-COCT', v. t. [L. decoquo, decoctum.] 1. To prepare by 
boiling ; to digest in hot or boiling water. 2. To digest by 
the heat of the stomach ; to prepare as food for nourish- 
ing the body. 3. To boil in water, for extracting the prin- 
ciples or virtues of a substance. 4. To boil up to a con- 
sistence ; to invigorate. 

DE-€OGT'ED, pp. Prepared by boiling. 

DE-€0€T'I-BLE, a. That may be boiled or digested. 

DE-€0€'TION (de-kok'shun), n. [Fr. decoction.] 1. The 
act of boiling a substance in water, for extracting its vir- 
tues. 2. The liquor in which a substance has been boiled ; 
water impregnated with the principles of any animal or 
vegetable substance boiled in it. 

DE-€0€T'iVE, a. That may be easily decocted. 

DE-eO€T'URE, n. A substance drawn by decoction. 

DE-€OL'LaTE, v. t. [L. decollo.] To behead ; to decapitate. 
— Burke. 

DE-€OL'La-TED, pp. Beheaded. 

DE-€OL'La-TING, ppr. Beheading. 

DE-€OL-La'TION, n. [L. decollatio.] The act of behead- 
ing ,• the act of cutting off the neck of an. animal, and sev- 
ering the head from the body. 

DE-C6L/OR, v. t. To deprive of color ; to bleach. — lire. 

DE-€6L'OR-ANT (-kullur-), n. A substance which removes 
color, or bleaches. 

DE-€6L-OR-A'TION (de-kul-lur-a'shun), n. [L. decoloratio.] 
The removal or absence of color. — Ferrand. 

DE-C6L/OR-ING, ppr. or a. Depriving of color. 

DE-€6L'OR-iZE (-kullur-), v. t. To deprive of color. 

De'€OM-PLEX, a. Compounded of complex ideas. — Locke, 

DE-€OM-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may be decomposed ; capa- 
ble of being resolved into its constituent elements. 

DE-COM-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. decomposer.] To separate the 
constituent parts of a body or substance ; to disunite ele- 
mentary particles combined by affinity or chemical at- 
traction ; to resolve into original elements. 

DE-COM-PoSED' (de-kom-pozd'), j>p. or a. Separated or re- 
solved into the constituent parts. 

DE-€OM-PoS'ING, ppr. Separating into constituent parts. 

DE-€OM-POS'lTE, a. [L. de and compositus.] Compounded 
a second time ; compounded with things already compos- 
ite. — Bacon. 

DE-COM-PO-Sl'TION, n. 1. Analysis ; the act of separating 
the constituent parts of a compound body or substance. 
2. A second composition. — Boyle ; [in this sense not used.] 
— 3. Decomposition of forces, the same as the resolution oi 
forces, which see. 

DE-COM-POUND', v. t. 1. To compound a second time; to 
compound or mix with that which is already compound, 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, Fr^LL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



DEC 



269 



DEC 



to form by a second composition. — Newton. 2. To reduce 
to simple parts by mechanical division ; [little used.] 

DE-COM-POUND', a. 1. Composed of things or words al- 
ready compounded; compounded a second time. Boyle. 
— 2. A decompound leaf, in botany, is one which is twice 
pinnated ; a decompound, flower is one containing smaller 
calyxes within a common calyx. 

DECOM-POUND'A-BLE, a. That may be decompounded. 

DE-COM-FOUND'ED, pp. Compounded a second time ; 
composed of things already compounded. 

DE-€OM-POUND'ING, ppr. Compounding a second time. 

fDEC'O-RA-MENT, n. Ornament; embellishment. 

DEC'O-RaTE, v. t. [L. decoro.] 1. To cover with external 
ornaments. 2. To adom with internal grace or beauty ; 
to render lovely. 3. To adorn or beautify with any thing 
agreeable.— Syn. To deck ; beautify ; adorn ; embellish ; 
ornament. 

DEC'0-Ra-TED,#P. or a. Adorned; beautified; embellished. 

DEC'O-Ra-TING, ppr. Adorning ; embellishing ; rendering 
beautiful to the eye, or lovely to the mind. 

DEC-O-Ra'TION, n. 1. Any thing added which renders 
more agreeable to the eye or to the intellectual view. — 2. 
In architecture, any thing which adorns and enriches an 
edifice, as vases, paintings, figures, festoons, &c. — 3. In thea- 
tres, the scenes, which are changed as occasion requires. 
— Syn. Ornament ; embellishment ; garniture ; trapping. 

DEC'O-RA-TiVE, a. Adorning ; suited to embellish. 

DEC'O-RA-TIVE-NESS, n. Quality of being decorative. 

DEC'O-Ra-TOR, n. One who adorns or embellishes. 

v DE-€o'ROUS or DEC'O-ROUS, a. [L. decorus.] Decent; 
suitable to a character, or to the time, place, and occasion ; 
becoming ; proper ; befitting. 

* DE-€o'ROUS-LY or DEC'O-ROUS-LY, adv. In a becom- 
ing manner. 

* DE-€o'ROUS-NESS, n. Decorum, or correctness of de- 

portment. 

DE-COR'TI-CITE, v. t. [L. decortico.] To strip off" bark ; to 
peel ; to husk ; to take off the exterior coat. 

DE-CORTI-Ca-TED, pp. Stripped of bark ; peeled ; husked. 

DE-COR'TI-CI-TING, ppr. Stripping off bark or the ex- 
ternal coat; peeling. 

DE-COR-TI-CX'TION, n. The act of stripping off bark or 
husk. 

DE-€oTtUM, n. [L.] 1. Propriety of speech or behavior ; 
grace arising from suitableness of speech and behavior to 
one's own character, and to the characters present, or to 
the place and occasion ; seemliness ; decency ; opposed 
to rudeness, licentiousness, or levity. — 2. In architecture, 
the suitableness of a building, and of its parts and orna- 
ments, to its place and uses. 

DE-COY', v. t. [D. kooL] To lead or lure by artifice into a 
snare, with a view to catch ; to draw into any situation to 
be taken by a foe ; to entrap by any means which deceive. 
— Syn. To allure ; entice ; inveigle ; tempt ; seduce. 

DE-COY', n. 1. Any thing intended to lead into a snare ; 
any lure or allurement that deceives and misleads into 
evil, danger, or the power of an enemy. 2. A place for 
catching wild fowls. 

DE-COY'-DUCK, n. A duck employed to draw others into 
a net or situation to be taken. 

DE-COY'-MAN, n. A man employed in decoying and catch- 
ing fowls. 

DE-COY'i£D (de-koyd'), pp. Lured or drawn into a snare 
or net ; allured into danger by deception. 

DE-COY'ING, ppr. Luring into a snare or net by deception ; 
leading into evil or danger. 

DE-CReASE', v. i. [L. decresco.] To become less ; to be 
diminished gradually in extent, bulk, quantity, or amount, 
or in strength, quality, or excellence. — Syn. To lessen ; 
abate ; diminish ; lower ; subside. 

DE-CReASE', v. t. To lessen ; to make smaller in dimen- 
sions, amount, quality, or excellence, &c. ; to diminish 
gradually, or by small deductions. 

DE-CReASE', n. 1. A becoming less ; gradual diminution ; 
decay. 2. The wane of the moon ; the gradual diminu- 
tion of the visible face of the moon from the full to the 
change. 

DE-€ReAS'.ED (de-kreesf), pp. Lessened; diminished. 

DE-€ReAS'ING, ppr. or a. Becoming less ; diminishing ; 
waning. 

DE-CReASTNG-LY, adv. In a decreasing manner. 

DE-CREE', n. [L. decretum.] 1. Judicial decision, or deter- 
mination of a litigated cause. — 2. In the civil law, a deter- 
mination, or judgment of the emperor on a suit between 
parties. — 3. In general, an order or law made by a supe- 
rior, as a council, monarch, &c, as a rule to govern infe- 
riors. 4. Established law or rule. — 5. In theology, pre- 
determined purpose of God. — Syn. Edict; ordinance ; 
proclamation. 
DE-CREE', v. t. 1. To determine judicially ; to resolve by 
sentence. 2. To determine or resolve legislatively ; to fix 
or appoint ; to set or constitute by edict or in purpose ; as, 
"by me princes decree justice." — Proverbs. 



DE-CREED', #p. Determined judicially ; resolved ; appoint 
ed ; established in purpose. 

DE-€REE'ING, ppr. Determining ; resolving ; appointing ; 
ordering. 

DEC'RE-MENT, n. [L. decrementum.] 1. Decrease ; waste ; 
the state of becoming gradually lest. 2. The quantity lost 
by gradual diminution or waste ; [opposed to increment.]— 
3. In heraldry, the wane of the moon. — 4. In crystallogra- 
phy, a successive diminution of the laminee of molecules. 

DE-CREP'IT, a. [L. decrepitus.] Wasted by the infirmities of 
old age ; being in the last stage of decay ; weakened by age ; 
sometimes erroneously written and pronounced decrep'id. 

DE-CREPI-TaTE, v. t. [L.decrepo.] To roast or calcine in 
a strong heat, with a continual bursting or crackling of the 
substance. 

DE-€REP'I-TaTE, v. I To crackle, as salts when roasting. 

DE-€REP'I-Ta-TED, pp. Roasted with a crackling noise. 

DE-CREP'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Crackling ; roasting" with a 
crackling noise ; suddenly bursting when exposed to heat. 

DE-CREP-I-Ta'TION, n. The separation of parts with a 
crackling noise, occasioned by heat, as in several of the 
salts and minerals when subjected to a sudden heat. 

DE-€REP'IT-NESS, \ n. The broken, crazy state of the 

DE-CREPTT-UDE, > body, produced by decay and the 
infirmities of age. 

DE-€RES'CENT, a. [L. decrescens.] Decreasing; becom- 
ing less by gradual diminution. 

DE-€Re'TAL, a. Appertaining to a decree ; containing a 
decree. 

* DE-€Re'TAL, n. 1. An authoritative order or decree. 2. 
A letter of the pope, determining some point or question 
in ecclesiastical law. 3. A collection of the pope's decrees. 

t DE-€RE'TION, n. A decreasing.— Pearson. 

DE-CRe'TIST, n. One who studies or professes the knowl 
edge of the decretals. 

DE-CRe'Ti VE, a. Having the force of a decree. 

DEC'RE-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a definitive manner. 

DEC'RE-TO-RY, a. 1. Judicial ; definitive ; established by 
a decree. 2. Critical ; determining ; in which there ia 
some definitive event. 

t DE-CREW (de-kru') ) v. i. To decrease. 

DE-€Rl'AL, n. A crying down; a clamorous censure ; con- 
demnation by censure. 

DE-CRI.ED (de-krideO, pp. Cried down ; discredited ; 
brought into disrepute. 

DE-GRl'ER, n. One who decries or clamorously censures. 

DE-CROWN', v. t. To deprive of a crown. [Little used.] 

DE-CROWN'ING, n. The act of depriving of a crown. 

DE-CRUST- A'TION, n. The removal of a crust. 

DE-CRY', v. t. [Fr. decrier.] 1. To cry down ; to censure as 
faulty, improper, or unnecessary ; to rail or clamor against ; 
to bring into disrepute ; as, to decry the measures of ad- 
ministration. — Syn. To disparage ; traduce ; depreciate ; 
detract from ; abuse ; blame. 

DE-CRY'ING, ppr. Crying down. 

DE€-U-BX'TION. n. [L. decumbo.] The act of lying down. 

DE-€UM'BENCE, In. [L. decumbens.] The act of lying 

DE-CUM'BEN-CY, } down ; the posture of lying down. 

DE-CUM'BENT, a. In botany, declined or bending down , 
having the stamens and pistils bending down to the lower 
side. 

DE-€UM'BENT-LY, adv. In a decumbent posture. 

DE-CUM'BI-TURE, n. 1. The time at which a person takes 
to his bed in a disease. — 2. In astrology, the scheme or as 
pect of the heavens, by which the prognostics of recovery 
or death are discovered. 

DEC'U-PLE (dek'u-pl), a. [L. decuplus.] Tenfold ; contain 
ing ten times as many. 

DEC'U-PLE, w. A number ten times repeated. 

DEC'U-PLE, v. t. To make tenfold. 

DEC'U-PLJSD, ppr. Made tenfold.— Coleridge. 

DE-CtJ'RI-ON, n. [L. decurio.] -An officer in the Roman 
army who commanded a decuria, or ten soldiers. 

DE-CU'RI-ON-ATE, n. The office or condition of a decurion. 

DE-CUR'RENT, a. [L. decurrens.] Extending downward ; 
prolonged below the point of insertion. — Lindley. 

DE-€UR'RENT-LY, adv. In a decurrent manner. 

DE-€UR'SION, n. [L. decursio.] The act of running down, 
as a stream. — Hale. 

DE-€UR'SlVE, a. Running down.— Dccursively pinnate, m 
botany, applied to a leaf having the leaflets decurrent, or 
running along the petiole. 

t DE-CURT', v. t. [L. decurto.] To shorten by cutting off. 

DE-CURT- A'TION, n. [L. decurto.] The act of shortening, 
or cutting short. 

DEC'U-RY, 72. [L. decuria.] A set of ten men under an offi- 
cer called decurio. 

DE-CUS'SaTE, v. t. [L. decusso.] In general, to intersect ; 
to cross, as lines, rays, or nerves in. the body ; usually, to 
intersect at acute angles, or in the form of an X. 

DE-CUS'SATE, ) a. Crossed ; intersected. — In botany, 

DE-€US'Sa-TED, 3 arranged in pairs, which alternately 
cross each other, as the leaves of many plants. — Lindley. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— C as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete 



DEE 



270 



DEE 



In a decussate manner. 
Crossing; intersecting at acute 



DK-CUS'SATE-LY, adv. 

DE-CUS'SI-TING, ppr, 
angles. 

DE-€US-Sa'TION, n. 1. The act of crossing ; the crossing 
of two lines, rays, or nerves, which meet in a point, and 
then proceed and diverge. 2. A crossing in the form of 
an X. 

DE-€U8'S A-TI VE-L Y, adv. Cross-wise ; in the form of an X. 

DE-Da'LI-AN, a. See Djedalian. 

DEDA-LOUS. See Daedal ous. 

\ DE-DE€'0-RaTE, v. t. [L. dedecoro.] To disgrace. 

\ DE-DEC-O-Ra'TION, n. A disgracing. 

DE-DEC'O-ROUS, a. Disgraceful ; unbecoming. 

DE-DEN-Tl'TION (-den-tish'un), n. The shedding of teeth. 

DED'1-CaTE, v. t. [L. dedico.] 1. To set apart and conse- 
crate to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose ; to devote 
to a sacred use, by a solemn act, or by religious ceremo- . 
nies. 2. To appropriate solemnly to any person or pur- 
pose ; to give wholly or chiefly to. 3. To inscribe or ad- 
dress to a patron. — Syn. To devote ; consecrate ; hallow; 
set apart. 

DED'I-CATE, a. Consecrated ; devoted ; appropriated. — 
Shak. _ 

DED'I-€a-TED, pp. or a. Devoted to a divine Being, or to a 
sacred use ; consecrated ; appropriated ; given wholly to. 

DED-I-CA-TEE', n. One to whom a thing is dedicated.— 
Ed. Rev. 

DED'I-€a-TING, ppr. Devoting to a divine Being, or to a sa- 
cred purpose ; consecrating ; appropriating ; giving whol- 
ly to. 

DED-I-CI'TION, n. 1. The act of consecrating to a divine 
Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities ; 
solemn appropriation. 2. The act of devoting or giving to 
some person or thing. 3. An address to a patron, prefixed 
to a book, testifying respect, and recommending the work 
to his protection and favor. 

DED'I-€a-TOR, n. One who dedicates ; one who inscribes 
a book to the favor of a patron. — Pope. 

DED'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Composing a dedication. 

DEITI-MUS, n. [L.] A writ to commission private persons 
to do some act in place of a judge, as to examine a wit- 
ness, &c. — Bouvier. 

DE-Dl 'TION (de-dish'un), n. [L. deditio.] The act of yield- 
ing any thing ; surrendry. — Hale. 

f DED^O-LENT, a. [L. dedoleo.] Feeling no compunction. 

DE-DuCE', v. t. [L. deduco.] 1. To draw from; to bring 
from. 2. To draw from, in reasoning ; to gather a truth, 
opinion, or proposition from premises ; to infer something 
from what precedes. — Locke. 3. To deduct. — Ben Jonson ; 
[not in use.'] 4. To transplant. — Selden; [not in use.] — 
Syn. To inter ; trace ; collect ; derive. 

DE-DuC'jED (de-dustf), pp. Drawn from; inferred; as a 
consequence from principles or premises. 

DE-DuCE'MENT, n. The thing drawn from or deduced ; 
inference ; that which is collected from premises. — 
Dryden. 

DE-DuCI-BLE, a. That may be deduced; inferable; col- 
lectible by reason from premises ; consequential. 

DE-DuCING, ppr. Drawing from; inferring; collecting 
from principles or facts already established or known. 

DE-Du'CIVE, a. Performing the act of deduction. [Rare.] 

DE-DUCT, v. t. [L. deduco, deductum.] To take from; to 
subtract ; to separate or remove, in numbering, estimating, 
or calculating. 

DE-DU€T'ED, pp. Taken from; subtracted. 

DE-DUCTTNG, ppr. Taking from; subtracting. 

DE-DUC'TION (de-duk'shun), n. [L. deductio.] 1. The act 
of deducting. 2. That which is deducted ; sum or amount 
taken from another. 3. That which is drawn from prem- 
ises, or collected from principles or facts stated, or estab- 
lished data. — Syn. Abatement ; discount ; diminution ; in- 
ference ; consequence ; conclusion. 

DE-DUCT'lVE, a. Deducible ; that is or may be deduced 
from premises. — Glanville. 

DE-DUC TlVE-LY, adv. By regular deduction ; by way of 
inference ; by consequence. — Brown. 

DEED, n. [Sax. dad.] 1. That which is done, acted, or ef- 
fected; an act; a fact. 2. Exploit; achievement; feat; 
illustrious act. 3. Power of action ; agency. 4. A writing 
containing some contract or agreement, and the evidence 
of its execution ; particularly, an instrument on paper or 
parchment, conveying real estate to a purchaser or donee. 
— Indeed, in fact ; in reality. These words are united, and 
called an adverb. 
DEED, v. t. To convey or transfer by deed ; [a popular use 

of the word in America.] 
DEED'-A-CHIeV'ING, a. That accomplishes great deeds. 
DEED'-PoLL, n. A deed not indented, that is, shaved or 

even, made by one party only. — Blackstone. 
DEED'LESS, a. Inactive ; not performing or having per- 
formed deeds or exploits.— Pope. 
t DEED'Y, a. Active ; industrious. 
DEEM, v. t. [Sax. dcman.] 1. To conclude on consideration. 



2. To estimate. — Spenser ; [obs.]— Syn. To think ; consider , 
judge; believe; suppose. 

DEEM, v. i. To judge ; to think ; to estimate. 

tDEEM, n. Opinion; judgment; surmise. — Shak. 

DEEMED, pp. Thought; judged; supposed. 

DEEM'ING, ppr. Thinking ; judging ; believing. 

DEEM'STER, n. [deem and ster.] A judge in the Isle of Man, 
and in Jersey. — Johnson. 

DEEP, a. [Sax. deop, dypa ; D. diep.] 1. Extending or being 
far below the surface ; descending far downward ; pro- 
found; opposed to shallow. 2. Low in situation; being 
or descending far below the adjacent land. 3. Entering 
far ; piercing a great way ; as, a deep root. 4. Far from 
the outer part. So deep, applied to soldiers drawn up in 
rank and file, denotes distance from the front ; as, drawn 
up three deep. 5. Not superficial or obvious ; hidden ; se 
cret ; as, deep designs. 6. Remote from comprehension 
as, deep counsels. 7. Sagacious ; penetrating ; having fly 
power to enter far into a subject; as, deep thought. 
Artful ; contriving ; concealing artifice ; insidious ; design 
ing. 9. Grave in sound; low. 10. Very still; solemn 
profound ; as, deep silence. 11. Thick ; black ; not to be 
penetrated by the sight ; as, deep darkness. 12. Still 
sound ; not easily broken or disturbed. 13. Depressed 
sunk low; [metaphorically.] 14. Dark; intense; strongly 
colored. 15. Unknown ; unintelligible. 16. Heart-felt 
penetrating ; affecting. 17. Intricate ; not easily under 
stood or unraveled ; as, deep plots. — This word often qua. 
ifies a verb, like an adverb. 

DEEP, n. 1. The sea ; the abvss of waters ; the ocean. 2. 
Any great collection of water. — 3. Figuratively, that which 
is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible. 4. 
The most still or solemn part ; the midst ; as, " the deep yt 
night." — Shak. 

DEEP'-DRAW-ING, a. Sinking deep into the water. 

DEEP'-DRAWN, a. Drawn from a depth. 

DEEP'-LaID, a. Laid deep ; formed with profound skill ai 
artifice. — Scott. 

DEEP-MOUTHED, a. Having a hoarse, loud, hollow v oice. 
— Shak. 

DEEP'-MuS-ING, a. Contemplative ; thinking closely or 
profoundly. — Pope. 

DEEP'-ReAD (-red), a. Having fully read; profoundly 
versed. — U Estrange. 

DEEP'-RE-VOLV'ING, a. Profoundly revolving or medi- 
tating. — Shak. 

DEEP'-SCaR-R-ED (-skard), a. Having deep scars. 

DEEP'-SEAT-ED, a. Seated deeply. 

DEEP'-SOUND-ING, a. Having a low sound. 

DEEP'-THINK-ING, a. Thinking profoundly. 

DEEP'-THRoAT-ED, a. Having a deep throat or voice.— 
Milton. 

DEEP'-ToNiSD, a. Having a very low or grave tone. 

DEEP'- VAULT-ED, a. Formed like a deep vault or arch. 

DEEP'-W AlST-ED, a. Having a deep waist, as a ship when 
the quarter deck and forecastle are raised from four to six 
feet above the level of the main deck. 

DEEP'- WORN, a. Worn to a great depth. — Hopkinson. 

DEEP'-EN (deep'n), v. t. 1. To make deep or deeper ; to 
sink lower. 2. To make dark or darker ; to make more 
thick or gloomy ; as, to deepen the gloom. 3. To give a 
darker hue or a stronger color. 4. To make more poign- 
ant and absorbing ; as, to deepen the interest of a scene. 
5. To make more frightful. 6. To make more sad or 
gloomy. 7. To make more grave ; as, to deepen the sound. 

DEEP'-EN, v. i. To become more deep. 

DEEPENED (deep'nd), pp. Made more deep. 

DEEP'.EN-ING, ppr. Sinking lower ; making more deep. 

DEEP'LY, adv. 1. At or to a great depth ; far below the 
surface. 2. Profoundly ; thoroughly. 3. To or from the 
inmost recesses of the heart ; with great emotion ; most 
feelingly. 4. To a great degree. 5. With a dark hue, or 
strong color. 6. Gravely. 7. With profound skill ; with 
art or intricacy. 

DEEP'NESS, n. 1. Depth ; remoteness from the surface in 
a descending line ; interior distance from the surface ; pro- 
fundity. 2. Craft ; insidiousness ; [unusual.] 

DEER, n. sing, and pi. [Sax. deor.] A quadruped of the 
genus cervus, of several species ; as the stag, the fallow- 
deer, the roe-buck, the rein, or rein-deer, &c. 

DEER'-NECK, n. In horsemanship, a thin, ill-formed neck. 

DEER-SKIN, n. The skin of a deer, of which a very supple 
leather is made. 

DEER'-STALK-ER (-stawk-er), n. One who practices deer- 
stalking. 

DEER'-STALK-ING (-stawk-ing), n. The lying in wait to 
shoot deer, or pursuing them as much as possible under 
cover. 

DEER'-STeAL-ER, n. One who steals deer. 

DEER'-STe AL-ING, n. The act. or crime of stealing deer 

fDE'ESS, n. [Fr. deesse.] A goddess.— Croft. 

DE-FaCE', v. t. [Arm. difacza ; L. de and facio.] L To de- 
stroy or mar the face or surface of a thing ; to injure the 



* See Synopsis \ . E I. &c.. long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



DEF 



271 



DEF 



superficies or beauty ; to disfigure. 2. To injure any- 
thing ; to destroy, spoil, or mar ; to erase or obliterate ; 
as, to deface a note of hand. 3. To injure the appearance ; 
to disfigure. 

DE-FaC'2?D (de-faste'), pp. or a. Injured on the surface ; 
disfigured; marred; erased. 

DE-FaCE'MENT, n. Injury to the surface or beauty ; ras- 
ure j obliteration ; that which mars beauty or disfigures. 

DE-FaC'ER, ti. He or that which defaces ; one who injures, 
mars, or disfigures. 

DE-FaCTNG, ppr. Injuring the face or surface; marring; 
disfiguring ; erasing. 

DE-FaC'ING-LY, adv. In a defacing manner. 

DE FA-G'TO, [L.] Actually ; in fact ; in reality ; existing ; 
as, a king de facto, distinguished from a king dejure, or by 
right 

t DE-FaIL'ANCE, n. [Fr.J Failure ; miscarriage. 

DE-FAL'€aTE, v. t. [Fr. defalquer.] Literally, to cut off. 
Hence, to take away or deduct a part ; used chiefly of 
money, accounts, rents, income, &c. 

DE-FAL'€a-TED, pp. Taken away ; deducted, as a part. 

DE-FAL'€A-TING,£pr. Deducting from a money account, 
rents, &c. 

DE-FAL-€a/T10N, n. 1. Literally, a cutting off; and hence, 
a diminution, deficit, or withdrawment. In recent usage, 
the word is applied to a withdrawment or deficit of funds 
intrusted to the care of some one ; as, the defalcations of 
the agent of a bank or of a public officer. 2. That which 
is cut off or withdrawn. 

t DE-FALK', v. t. To defalcate— Bishop Hall. 

DEF-A-Ma'TION, n. The uttering of slanderous words with 
a view to injure another's reputation ; the malicious ut- 
tering of falsehood respecting another which tends to de- 
stroy or impair his good name, character, or occupation. 
— Syn. Slander; calumny; detraction; aspersion. 

DE-FAMA-TO-RY, a. Calumnious ; slanderous ; containing 
defamation ; false, and injurious to reputation. 

DE-FaME', v. t. [Fr. diffamer.] 1. Falsely and maliciously 
to utter words respecting another which tend to injure his 
reputation or occupation. 2. To speak evil of ; to dishon- 
or by false reports ; to impair reputation by acts or words. 
-Syn. To calumniate ; asperse ; libel ; vilify ; slander ; 
detract from. 

DE-FaM'£D (de-famd'), pp. Slandered; dishonored or in- 
jured by evil reports. 

DE-FIM'ER, n. A slanderer ; a detractor ; a calumniator. 

DE-FIMING, ppr. Slandering ; injuring the character by 
false reports. 

DE-FaM'ING, n. Defamation ; slander. — Jeremiah. 

DE-FaM'-ING-LY, adv. In a defaming manner. 

DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. Liable to be wearied. — Glanville. 
[Not much used.] 

DE-FAT'I-GITE, v. t. [L. defatigo.] To weary or tire.— 
Herbert. [Little used.) 

DE-FAT-I-GI'TION, n. Weariness.— Bacon. [Little used.] 

DE-FAULT, n. [Fr. defaut.] 1. A failing or failure; an 
omission of that which ought to be done ; neglect to do 
what duty or law requires. 2. Defect; want; failure. — 3. 
In law, a failure of appearance in court at a day assigned, 
particularly of the defendant in a suit when called to make 
answer. — To suffer a default, is to permit an action to be 
called without appearing or answering. 

DE-FAULT', v. i. To fail in performing a contract or agree- 
ment. — Johnson. 

DE-FAULT, v. t. 1. In law, to call out a defendant [accord- 
ing to the common expression]. To call a defendant offi- 
cially, to appear and answer in court, and, on his failing to 
answer, to declare him in default, and enter judgment 
against him. 2. To call out a cause, in which the defend- 
ant does not appear, and enter judgment on the default. 
3. To fail in performance. — Milton ; [obs.] 
DE-FAULT', v. t. To offend. 

DE-FAULTED, pp. 1. Called out of court, as a defendant 
or his cause. 2. a. Having defect. 

DE-FAULTER, n. 1. One who makes default ; one who 
fails to appear in court when called. 2. One who fails to 
perform a public duty ; particularly, one who fails to ac- 
count for public money intrusted to his care; a delin- 
quent. 

DE-FAULTING, ppr. 1. Failing to fulfill a contract ; delin- 
quent. 2. Failing to perform a duty or legal requirement. 
3. Calling out of court, and entering judgment against for 
non-appearance. 

DE-FEAS'ANCE (de-fez'ans), n. [Norm, defesance.] 1. Lit- 
erally, a defeating; a rendering null; the preventing of 
the operation of an instrument. — 2. In law, a condition, 
relating to a deed, which being performed, the deed is 
defeated or rendered void. 3. The writing containing a 
defeasance. 4. Defeat. — Spencer; [obs.] 

DE-FEAS'I-BLE. a. That may be defeated or annulled. 

DE-FeASI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being defeas- 
ible. 
DE-FIAT, n. [Fr. defaite.] 1. Overthrow ; loss of battle. 



The check, rout, or destruction of an army by the victory 
of an enemy. 2. Successful resistance ; as, the defeat of 
an attack. 3. Frustration ; a rendering null and void ; as, 
the defeat of one's title to an estate. 4. Frustration ; pre- 
vention of success : as, the defeat of some measure. 

DE-FeAT, v. t. 1. To overcome, as an army ; to check, dis- 
perse, or ruin by victory. 2. To prevent the success of; 
to disappoint 3. To render null and void. 4. To resist 
with success. 5. To change or alter ; as, " defeat thy favor 
(countenance) with a usurped beard" — Shak.; [obs.] 
Syn. To overpower; overthrow; beat; rout; discomfit, 
vanquish; subdue; conquer; frustrate; foil; disconcert- 
baffle. 

DE-FeATED, pp. or a. Vanquished; effectually resisted; 
overthrown ; frustrated ; disappointed ; rendered null or 
inoperative. 

DE-FeATING, ppr. Vanquishing ; subduing ; opposing 
successfully ; overthrowing ; frustrating ; disappointing ; 
rendering null and void. 

DE-FeATURE (de-fefyur), n. 1. Change of feature.— Shak. 
2. Overthrow; defeat— Beaumont ; [obs.] 

DEF'E-CaTE, v. t. [L. defaco.] 1. To purify ; to refine ; to 
clear from dregs or impurities ; to clarify. 2. To purify 
from admixture ; to clear ; to purge of extraneous mat- 
ter. 

DEF'E-€A-TED,^p. Purified; clarified; refined. 

DEF'E-Ca-TING, ppr. Purifying ; purging of lees or impu- 
rities. 

DEF-E-€a'TION, n. The act of separating from lees or 
dregs ; purification from impurities or foreign matter. 

DE-FECT, n. [L. defectus.] 1. Want or absence of some- 
thing necessary or useful toward perfection. 2. A falling 
short in moral conduct or in judgment 3. Any want of 
completeness or perfection in natural objects ; the absence 
of any thing necessary to perfection ; any thing unnatural or 
misplaced — Syn. Imperfection ; deficiency ; fault ; failure ; 
failing ; error ; mistake ; flaw ; blemish ; deformity. 

t DE-FECT, v. i. To be deficient— Brown. 

DE-FECT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Deficiency ; imperfection.— Hale 
[Little used.] 

DE-FECTI-BLE, a. Imperfect ; deficient ; wanting.— Hale. 
[Little used.] 

DE-FEC'TION (de-fek'shun), n. [L. defectio.] 1. Want or 
failure of duty; particularly, a falling away ; apostasy; the 
act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound 
by allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached him 
self. 2. Revolt 

DE-FE€TlVE, a. [L. defectivus.] 1. Wanting either in 
substance, quantity, or quality, or in any thing necessary. 
2. Wanting in moral qualities ; not conforming to recti- 
tude or rule. — 3. In grammar, a defective noun is one 
which wants a whole number or a particular case ; an in- 
declinable noun. 4. A defective verb is one which wants 
some of the tenses. — Syn. Imperfect; deficient; incom- 
plete ; inadequate ; insufficient ; faulty ; blamable. 

DE-FECT'lVE-LY, adv. In a defective manner; imper- 
fectly. 

DE-FECTlVE-NESS, n. Want ; the state of being imper- 
fect; faultiness. 

t DE-FE€T-U-OS'I-TY, n. Defectiveness ; faultiness.— Mon- 
tagu. 

DE-FECTU-OUS, a. Full of defects.— Worthington. [Rare.] 

t DEF-E-Da'TION, 7i. YoUution.—Bentley. 

DE-FENCE', n. 1. Protection against injury ; vindication 
when attacked. 2. The art or science of defending against 
enemies ; skill in fencing, &c^ — 3. In law, the defendant's 
answer or plea. [For remarks on the spelling of the 
word see Defense.] 

DE-FENCE'LESS, a. Without defense. See Defenseless. 

DE-FEND', v. t. [L. defendo.] 1. To drive from ; to thrust 
back ; hence, to deny ; to repel a demand, charge, or ac- 
cusation ; to oppose ; to resist ; the effect of which is to 
maintain one's own claims. 2. To forbid; to prohibit; 
that is, to drive from, or back ; as, the use of wine is de- 
fended — Temple. ; [obs.] 3. To drive back a foe or dan- 
ger ; to repel from any thing that which assails or annoys ; 
to protect by opposition or resistance ; to support or 
maintain ; to prevent from being injured or destroyed. 
4. To maintain uninjured, by force or by argument ; as, 
to defend one's character. 5. To secure against attacks 
or evil ; to fortify against danger or violence ; to set obsta- 
cles to the approach of any thing that can annoy ; as, to 
defend one's house against attack. — Syn. To cover; pro- 
tect ; shelter ; vindicate ; assert ; uphold ; justify ; excul- 
pate ; fortify ; guard. 

DE-FEND', v. i. To make opposition. 

DE-FEND'A-BLE, a. That may be defended. 

DE-FEND'ANT, a. [French participle of defendre.] 1. De- 
fensive; proper for defense. 2. Making defense ; being in 
the character of a defendant 

DE-FEND'ANT, n. 1. He who defends against an assailant, 
or against the approach of evil or danger. — 2. In law, the 
party that opposes a complaint, demand, or charge; he 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



DE> 



m 



DEF 



who is summoned into court, and defends, denies, cr op 
poses the demand or charge. 

DE-FEND'ED, pp. Opposed; denied; prohibited; main- 
tained by resistance ; vindicated ; preserved uninjured ; 
secured. 

DE-FEND'ER, re. One who defends by opposition; one 
who maintains, supports, protects, or vindicates, either 
by arms or by arguments. — Syn. Advocate ; pleader ; 
asserter; vindicator; champion. 

DE-FEND'ING, ppr. Denying ; opposing ; resisting ; forbid- 
ding ; maintaining uninjured by force or by reason ; se- 
curing from evil. 

DE-FENS'A-TlVE, re. Guard ; defense ; a bandage, or plas- 
ter, to secure a wound from external injury. 

DE-FENSE' (de-fens^), re. [L. defensio.] 1. Any thing that 
opposes attack, violence, danger, or injury ; any thing 
that secures the persons, the rights, or the possessions of 
men; fortification; guard; protection; security. 2. Vin- 
dication ; justification ; apology ; that which repels or dis- 
proves a charge or accusation.— 3. In law, the defendant's 
reply to the plaintiff's declaration, demands, or charges. 
4. Prohibition ; [obs.] 5. Resistance ; opposition. 6. The 
science of defending against enemies ; skill in fencing, &c. 
—7 . In fortification, a work that flanks another. [This word, 
like expense, has till of late been spelled with a c, though 
Bailey gave it with s. It ought to undergo the same 
change with expense, the reasons being the same; viz., 
that s must be used in defensive as in expensive. Defense 
was the original spelling in the French, and defensio in the 
Latin. It is therefore desirable, on every ground, to ex- 
change the c for s. x 

t DE-FENSE', v. t. To defend by fortification. 

DE-FENS'.ED (de-fenstf), pp. Fortified. 

DE-FENSE'LESS, a. Being without defense ; unarmed ; 
unprotected ; unprepared to resist attack ; weak ; unable 
to oppose ; uncovered ; unsheltered. 

DE-FENSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being unguarded, 
or unprotected. 

DE-FENS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be defended. 2. That 
may be vindicated, maintained, or justified ; justifiable. 

DE-FENS'lVE, a. [Fr. defensif) 1. That serves to defend ; 
proper for defense. 2. Carried on in resisting attack or 
aggression. 3. In a state or posture to defend. 

DE-FENS'lVE, re. Safeguard ; that which defends.— To be 
on the defensive, or to stand on the defensive, is to be or 
stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in op- 
position to aggression or attack. 

DE-FENS'iVE-LY, adv. In a defensive manner; on the 
defensive ; in defense. 

f DE-FENST', pp. Defended.— Fairfax. 

DE-FER', v. t. [L. differo.] 1. To put off to a future time. 
2. To refer ; to leave to another's judgment and determi- 
nation ; [obs.] — Syn. To delay ; postpone ; adjourn. 

DE-FER', v. i. To yield to another's opinion ; to submit in 
opinion; as, "I defer in this matter to your wiser judg- 
ment ;" [used with to.] 

DEF'EPl-ENCE, re. 1. A yielding in opinion ; submission 
of judgment to the opinion or judgment of another. Hence, 
regard ; respect. 2. Complaisance ; condescension. 3. 
Submission. 

DEF'ER-ENT, a. Bearing; conveying.— Bacon. [Rare.] 

DEF'ER-ENT, re. 1. That which carries or conveys. 2. A 
vessel in the human body for the conveyance of fluids. 3. 
In the Ptolemaic astronomy, a circle in the circumference 
of which the center of the epicycle moves. 

I)EF-ER-EN'TIAL (-en'shal), a. Expressing deference. 

DEF-ER-EN'TIAL-LY, adv. With deference. 

DE-FERMENT, n. Delay.— Suckling. 

DE-FERR.ED (de-ferd'), pp. Delayed ; postponed. 

DE-FER'RER, re. One who delays or puts off. — B. Jonson. 

DE-FER'RING, ppr. Delaying; postponing. 

DE-Fl'ANCE, re. [Fr.] 1. A daring ; a challenge to fight ; 
invitation to combat ; a call to an adversary to encounter, 
if he dare. 2. A challenge to meet in any contest ; a call 
upon one to make good any assertion or charge ; an invi- 
tation to maintain any cause or point. 3. Contempt of 
opposition or danger; a daring or resistance that im- 
plies the contempt of any opposing power. 

DE-Fi'A-TO-RY, a. Bidding or bearing defiance. 

DE-Fl"CIEN-CY, ?re. [L. deficiens.] 1. A falling short; any 

DE-Fi"ClENCE, } want of completeness or perfection ; 
something that is necessary.— Syn. Imperfection ; want ; 
failing ; failure ; defect. 

DE-FI"CIENT (de-fish'ent), a. 1. Not sufficient or adequate. 
2. Not having a full or adequate supply. — Deficient numbers, 
in arithmetic, are those numbers whose aliquot parts, add- 
ed together, make less than the integer, whose parts 
they are. — Syn. Wanting ; defective ; imperfect ; failing. 

DE-Fl"CIENT-LY, adv. In a defective manner. 
DEF'I-CIT, re. [L.] Want; deficiency; as, a deficit in the 
taxes or revenue. 

DE-FS ED' (de-fide'), pp. Challenged ; dared to combat. 

DE-Fl'ER, n. A challenger; one "who dares to combat or 



enco inter , one who braves , one who acts in contemp 
of opposition, law, or authority. 

t DE-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. A disfiguring.— Hall. 

t DE-FIG_'tTRE (-fig'yur), v. t. To delineate. -Weever. 

DE-FiL'aD-ING, n. In fortification, the raising of the ex 
posed side of a fortress, so as to shelter the interior works 
when they are in danger of being commanded by the ene- 
my from some higher point. 

DE-FlLE', v. t. [Sax. afylan, befylan, gefylan.] To make 
filthy or unclean. 1. Physically; as, to defile one's gar- 
ments. — 2. Ceremonially ; as, " to eat with defiled, that io 
unwashen hands." — 3. Morally ; as, to defile one's imagi 
nation. 4. To corrupt chastity. — Syn. To pollute-; vitiate, 
contaminate ; corrupt ; stain ; soil ; dirty ; sully ; tarnish • 
violate.; debauch. 

DE-FlLE', v. i. [Fr. defiler.] To march off in a line, or file 
by file ; to file off. — Roscoe. 

* DE-FlLE', n. [Fr. defile.] A narrow passage or way, in 
which troops may march only in a file, or witn a narrow 
front ; a long, narrow pass, as between hills, &c. 

DE-FlL'£D (de-fild), pp. or a. Made dirty, or foul; pol- 
luted ; soiled ; corrupted ; violated ; vitiated. 

DE-FIL/.ED, pret. Marched off in a line. 

DE-FlLE'MENT, re. 1. The act of defiling, or state of being 
defiled ; foulness ; dirtiness ; uncleanness. 2. Corruption 
of morals, principles, or character ; impurity ; pollution by 
sin._ 

DE-FlLTER, re. One who defiles ; one who corrupts or vio 
lates ; that which pollutes. 

DE-FlL'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Polluting; making impure. 2. 
Marching in a file, or with a narrow front. 

DE-FlN'A-BLE, a. 1. Literally, that may be limited, or have 
its limits ascertained. Hence, capable of having its extent 
ascertained with precision ; capable of being fixed and de- 
termined. 2. That may be defined or described ; capable 
of having its signification rendered certain, or expressed 
with certainty or precision. 3. That may be fixed, deter 
mined, or ascertained. 

DE-FlN'A-BLY, adv. In a defining manner. 

DE-FlNE', v. t. [L. definio.] 1. To determine or describe 
the end or limit. 2. To determine with precision ; to as- 
certain. 3. To mark the limit ; to circumscribe ; to bound 
4. To determine or ascertain the extent of the meaning 
of a word ; to ascertain the signification of a term ; to ex- 
plain what a word is understood to express. 5. To de- 
scribe ; to ascertain or explain the distinctive properties 
or circumstances of a thing; as, to define a triangle. 6. 
To explain, or point out with clearness ; as, to define one's 
position. 

tDE-FlNE', v. i. To determine; to decide. — Bacon. 'Obs.) 

DE-FlN'£D (de-find'), pp. 1. Determined ; having the ex- 
tent ascertained ; having the signification determined. 2. 
Having the precise Limit marked, or having a determinate 
limit. 

DE-FlN'ER, re. He who defines ; he who ascertains or 
marks the limits ; he who determines or explains the sig- 
nification of a word, or describes the distinctive properties 
of a_ thing. 

DE-FlN'ING, ppr. pr a. Determining the limits ; ascertain- 
ing the extent; explaining the meaning; describing the 
properties. 

DEF'IN-iTE, a. [L. definitus.] Fixed and settled with pre- 
cision ; as, definite boundaries ; a definite time : definite 
language. — Syn. Determinate ; certain ; precise , exact ; 

DEF'IN-iTE, re. Thing defined.— Ayliffe. 

DEF'IN-iTE-LY, adv. Precisely; in a definite manner. 

DEF'IN-iTE-NESS, re. Certainty of extent; certainty of 
signification ; determinateness. 

DEF-IN-l"TION (def-e-nish'un), re. [L. definitio.] 1. A brief 
description of a thing by its properties. — 2. In logic, the 
explication of the essence of a thing by its kind and differ- 
ence. — 3. In lexicography, an explanation of the significa- 
tion of a word or term, or of what a word is understood 
to express. 

DE-FIN'I-TIVE, a. [L. definitivus.] 1. Limiting the extent; 
determinate; positive; express. 2. Limiting; ending,; 
determining ; final ; as, a definitive arrangement ; opposed 
to provisional or temporary. 

DE-FIN'I-TIVE, re. In grammar, an adjective used to define 
or limit the extent of the signification of an appellative or 
common noun. 

DE-FIN'I-Tl VE-LY, adv. 1. Determinately ; positively : ex- 
pressly. 2. Finally ; conclusively ; unconditionally. 

DE-FIN'I-TlVE-NESS, re. Determinateness; decisiveness; 
conclusiveness. 

t DE-FIX', v. t. [L. defigo.] To fix ; to fasten.— Herbert. 

DEF-LA-GRA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of burning with a 
sudden and sparkling combustion. — Boyle. 

DE-FLi'GRA-BLE, a. Having the quality of burning with 
a sudden combustion.— Boyle. 

DEF'LA-GRITE, v. t. [L. defiagro.] To bum with a sudden 
and sparkling combustion. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, <fec, long jv, % i, &c„ short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MSVE, EOOK 



DEF 



273 



DEG 



DEFLA-GRI-TED, pp. Burned; consumed. 

DEF'LA-GRX-TING, ppr. Burning; consuming. 

DEF-LA-GIiATION, n. A sudden and sparkling combus- 
tion. 

DEF'L A-GRa-TOR, n. A galvanic instrument for producing 
rapid and powerful combustion, particularly the com- 
bustion of metallic substances. — Hare. 

DE-FLE€T', v. i. [L. deflecto.] To turn from or aside ; to 
deviate from a true course or right line ; to swerve. 

DE-FLEGT, v. t. To turn aside ; to turn or bend from a 
right line or regular course. 

DE-FLECTED, pp. Turned aside, or from a direct line or 
course. — In botany, bending downward archwise. 

DE-FLEGT'ING, ppr. Turning aside ; turning from a right 
line or regular course. 

DE-FLEG'TION, n. 1. Deviation ; the act of turning aside ; 
a turning from a true line or the regular course, as the 
departure of a ship from its true course, or a deviation of 
the rays of light toward the surface of an opaque body ; 
inflection. 

DE-FLEX'URE (de-flek'shur), n. A bending down ; a turn- 
ing aside ; deviation. 

DE-FLO'RATE, a. [L. defloratus.] In botany, having cast 
its farina, pollen, or fecundating dust. — Martyn. 

DEF-LO-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of deflouring; the 
act of depriving of the flower or prime beauties ; particu- 
larly, the act of taking away a woman's virginity. 2. A 
selection of the flower, or of that which is most valuable. 

DE-FLOUR', v. t. [L. defloro.] 1. To deprive a woman of 
her virginity. 2. To take away the prime beauty and 
grace of any thing ; as, the sweetness of his soul was de- 
floured. — Taylor; [rare.] 3. To deprive of flowers ; [rare.] 

DE-FLOUR' ED (de-flourd'), pp. or a. Deprived of maiden- 
hood ; ravished ; robbed of prime beauty. 

DE-FLOUR'ER, n. One who deprives a woman of her vir- 
ginity. 

DE-FLOUR'ING, ppr. Depriving of virginity or maiden- 
hood ; robbing of prime beauties. 

tDE-FLoW, v. i. [h.defluo.] To flow down.— Brown. 

DE-FLOWER. See Deflouk. 

DEF'LU-OUS, a. [L. defiuus.] Flowing down ; falling off. 
[Little used.] 

DE-FLUX', n. [L. defluxus.] A flowing down; a running 
downward. — Bacon. 

DE-FLUX'ION (de-fluk'shun), n. [L. defluxio.] 1. A flowing, 
running, or falling of humors or fluid matter, from a supe- 
rior to an inferior part of the body ; properly, an inflam- 
mation of a part, attended with increased secretion. 2. A 
discharge or flowing off of humors. 

f DEF'L Y, adv. Deftly; dextrously; skillfully.— Spenser. 

DEF-C2-D A'TION, n. The act of making filthy. 

DE-FO-LI-a'TION, n. [L. de and foliatio.] Literally, the 
fall of the leaf or shedding of leaves ; but technically, the 
time or season of shedding leaves in autumn. 

DE-FoRCE', v. t. To disseize and keep out of lawful pos- 
session of an estate ; to withhold the possession of an 
estate from the rightful owner. — Blackstone. 

DE-FoRC'ED (de-forstf), pp. Kept out of lawful possesssion. 

DE-FoRCE'MENT, n. 1. The holding of lands or tene- 
ments to which another person has a right. — 2. In Scot- 
land, a resisting of an officer in the execution of law. 

DE-FoR'CIANT, n. He who keeps out of possession the 
rightful owner of an estate. 

DE-FdRCTNG, ppr. Keeping out of lawful possession. 

DE-FORM', v. t. [L. deformo.] 1. To mar or injure the 
form ; to alter that form or disposition of parts which is 
natural and esteemed beautiful, and thus to render it dis- 
pleasing to the eye ; to disfigure. 2. To render ugly or 
displeasing, by exterior applications or appendages. 3. To 
render displeasing ; as, " wintry blasts deform the year." 
4. To injure and render displeasing or disgusting ; to dis- 
grace ; to disfigure moral beauty ; as, to deform one's char- 
acter with vices. 5. To dishonor ; to make ungraceful. 

DE-FORM', a. [L. deformis.] Disfigured ; being of an un- 
natural, distorted, or disproportioned form ; displeasing to 
the eye. 

DEF-ORM- A'TION, n. A disfiguring or defacing.— Baxter. 

DE-FORM'ED (de-formd ), pp. or a. 1. Injured in the form ; 
wanting natural beauty, or symmetry. 2. Base ; dis- 
graceful. — Syn. Ugly ; disfigured ; distorted ; misshapen ; 
unsightly ; ill-favored. 

DE-FORM'ED-LY, adv. In an ugly manner. 

DE-FORM'ED-NESS, n. Ugliness ; a disagreeable or un- 
natural form. 

DE-FORM'ER, n. One who deforms. 

DE-FORMiNG, ppr. Marring the natural form or figure ; 
rendering ua:ly or displeasing ; destroying beauty. 

DE-FORMi-TY, n. [L. deformitas.] 1. Any unnatural state 
of tbe shape or form ; want of that uniformity or sym- 
metry which constitutes beauty ; irregularity of shape or 
features ; disproportion of limbs. 2. Any thing that de- 
stroys beauty, grace, or propriety; irregularity; absurd- 
ity ; gross deviation from order, or the established laws 



of propriety. — Syn. Ugliness ; distortion ; defect ; blem- 
ish ; disfiguration ; disfigurement. 

t DE-FoRS'ER, n. One who casts out by force. 

t DE-FOUL', v. t. To defile. 

DE-FOUL' ED (de-fouldO, pp. Defiled ; made dirty. 

DE-FOUL'ING. ppr. Rendering vile. 

DE-FRAUD', v. t. [L. defraudo.] 1. To deprive of right 
either by obtaining something by deception or artifice, oi 
by taking something wrongfully, without the knowledge 
or consent of the owner ; followed by of, before the ; thing 
taken. 2. To withhold wrongfully from another what is 
due to him ; as, " defraud not the hireling of his wages." 
3. To prevent one wrongfully from obtaining what he may 
justly claim. 4. To defeat or frustrate wrongfully. — Syn. 
To cheat ; cozen ; trick ; beguile ; deceive ; rob ; pilfer. 

DE-FRAUD- A'TION, n. The act of defrauding. 

DE-FRAUD'ED, pp. Deprived of property or right by trick, 
artifice, or deception ; injured by the withholding of what 
is due. 

DE-FRAUD'ER, n. One who defrauds ; one who takes from 
another his right by deception, or withholds what is his 
due. — Syn. Cheat ; cozener ; embezzler ; peculator. 

DE-FRAUD'ING, ppr. Depriving another of his property or 
right by deception or artifice ; injuring by withholding 
wrongfully what is due. 

DE-FRAUD'MENT, n. The act of defrauding. 

DE-FRaY' (de-fra/), v. t. [Fr. defrayer.] 1. To pay; to dis- 
charge; to bear: commonly followed by charge or ex- 
pense ; as, to defray the expenses. 2. To satisfy. — Spenser ; 
[obs.]_ 3. To fill.— Spenser; [obs.] 

DE-FRaY'ED (de-frade'), pp. Paid ; discharged, as expense, 
or cost. 

DE-FRaY'ER, n. One who pays or discharges expenses 

DE-FRaY'ING, ppr. Paying; discharging. 

DE-FRaY'MENT, n. Payment.— Shelton. 

t DEFT, a. Neat ; handsome ; spruce ; ready ; dextrous , 
fit ; convenient. — Dryden. 

f DEFT'LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously ; in a skillful manner 
— Shalt. 

t DEFT'NESS, n. Neatness ; beauty.— Dragon-. 

DE-FUNGT, a. [L. defunctus.} Having finished the course 
of life ; dead ; deceased. — Shak. 

DE-FUNGT, n. A dead person : one deceased. 

t DE-FUNG'TION (de-funk'shun), n. Death.— Shak. 

DE-FY', v. t. [Fr. defer.] 1. To provoke to combat or strife, 
by appealing to the courage of another , to invite one to 
contest. 2. To offer to hazard a conflict by manifesting a 
contempt of opposition, attack, or hostile force ; as, to defy 
the power of government. 3. To challenge to say or do 
any thing; as, to defy an opponent to make good his 
charges. 4. To renounce or reject ; as, " all studies here I 
solemnly defy." — Shak. — Todd; [obs.]— Syn. To dare; cha] 
lenge ; brave ; contemn ; despise. 

tDE-FT', n. A challenge. — Dryden. 

DE-Ff 'ER, n. One who defies. See Defier. 

DE-FY'ING, ppr. Challenging ; daring to combat. 

DEG, v. t. [Sax. deagan.] To sprinkle. — Grose. 

DE-GaR'NISH, v. t. [Fr. degarnir.] 1. To unfurnish; to 
strip of furniture, ornaments, or apparatus. 2. To de- 
prive of a garrison, or troops necessary for defense. — 
Washington. 

DE-GaR'NISHED (de-gaYnisht), pp. Stripped of furniture 
or apparatus ; deprived of troops for defense. 

DE-GXR'NISH-ING, ppr. Stripping of furniture, dress, ap- 
paratus, or a garrison. 

DE-GaR'NISH-MENT, n. The act of depriving of furniture, 
apparatus, or a garrison. 

t DE-gEN'DER, v. i. To degenerate.— Spenser. 

DE-gEN'DERED, a. Degenerated.— Spenser. 

DE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. 1. A growing worse or inferior; a 
decline in good qualities ; or a state of being less valuable. — 
2. In morals, decay of virtue ; a growing worse ; departure 
from the virtues of ancestors ; desertion of that which is 
good. 3. Poorness ; meanness ; as, a degeneracy of spirit. 

DE-GEN'ER-iTE, v. i. [L. degenero.J To become worse ; to 
decay in good qualities ; to pass from a good to a bad or 
worse state ; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable 
qualities, either in the natural or moral world. 

DE-gEN'ER-ATE, a. 1. Having fallen from a perfect or 
good state into a less excellent or worse state ; having lost 
something of the good qualities possessed ; having de 
clined in natural or moral worth. 2. Low ; base ; mean ; 
corrupt ; fallen from primitive or natural excellence ; hav- 
ing lost the gsod qualities of the species. 

DE-gEN'ER-a-TED, pp. Grown worse. 

DE-gEN'ER-ATE-LY, adv. In a degenerate manner. 

DE-gEN'ER-ATE-NESS, n. A degenerate state ; a state in 
which the natural good qualities of the species are decay 
ed or lost _ 

DE-gEN'ER-a-TING, ppr. Decaying in good qualities. 

DE-gEN-ER-a'TION, n. 1. A growing worse, or losing of 
good qualities ; a decline from the virtue and worth of an 
cestors ; a decay of the natural good qualities of the spe 



D6VE: 



-BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER. Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 

S 



■i 



DEI 



274 



DEL 



cies ; a tailing from a more exalted state to one of less 
worth. 2. The thing degenerated. 
DE-(iEN'EU-OUS, a. 1. Degenerated; fallen from a state 
of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors. 
2. Low ; hase ; mean ; unworthy. — Dryden. 
I)E-(iEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. In a degenerous manner ; base- 
ly; meanly. 
DE-GLu'TIN-aTE, v. t. [L. deglutino.] To unglue ; to 

loosen or separate substances glued together. 
DE-GLu'TIN-I-TED, pp. Unglued; loosened or separated. 
DEG-LU-TI"TION (deg-lu-tish'un), n. [L. deglutio.] 1. The 

act of swallowing. 2. The power of swallowing. 
DEG-RA-Da'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A reducing in rank; the act 
of depriving one of a degree of honor, of dignity, or of 
rank; also, removal or dismission from office. 2. The 
state of being reduced from an elevated or more honora- 
ble station, to one that is low in fact or in estimation. 3. 
Diminution or reduction of strength, efficacy, excellence, 
or value. — 4. In painting, a lessening and obscuring of the 
appearance of distant objects hi a landscape, that they may 
appear as they would do to an eye placed at a distance. — 
5. In geology, diminution ; reduction of altitude or magni- 
tude ; as, the gradual degradation of mountains. Journal 
of Science. — Syn. Debasement ; abasement ; depression ; 
disgrace ; dishonor ; degeneracy ; baseness ; deposition. 
DE-GRIDE', v. t. [Fr. degrader.] 1. To reduce from a high- 
er to a lower rank or degree ; to deprive one of any office 
or dignity, by which he loses rank in society ; to strip of 
honors. 2. To reduce in estimation ; to lessen the value 
of. — 3. In geology, to reduce in altitude or magnitude. 
Journal of Science. — Syn. To depress ; humble ; debase ; 
lower; sink; bringdown; depose; dishonor; disgrace. 
DE-GRaD'ED, pp. or a. Reduced in rank ; deprived of an 
office or dignity ; lowered ; sunk ; reduced in estimation 
or value ; reduced in height. 
DE-GRaDE'MENT, n. Deprivation of rank or office. 
DE-GRaD'ING, ppr. 1. Reducing in rank; depriving of 
honors or offices ; reducing in value or estimation ; lower- 
ing. 2. a. Dishonoring ; disgracing the character. 
DE-GRaD'ING-LY, adv. In a degrading manner, or in a way 

to depreciate. 
DEG-RA-Va'TION, n. [L. degravo.] Act of making heavy. 
DE-GREE', n. [Fr. degre.) 1. A step ; a distinct portion of 
space of indefinite extent ; a space in progression. 2. A 
step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, digni- 
ty, or rank. — 3. In genealogy, a certain distance or remove 
in the line of descent, determining the proximity of blood. 
4. Measure ; extent. — 5. In geometry, a division of a circle, 
including a three hundred and sixtieth part of its circum- 
ference. — 6. In algebra, a term applied to equations to de- 
note the highest power of the unknown quantity. — 7. In 
music, an interval of sound, marked by a line on the scale. 
Busby. — 8. In arithmetic, a degree consists of three figures ; 
thus, 270, 360, compose two degrees. 9. A division, space, 
or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instru- 
ment. — 10. In colleges and universities, a mark of distinc- 
tion conferred on students, as a testimony of their profi- 
ciency in arts and sciences ; giving them a kind of rank, 
and entitling them to certain privileges. — Honorary degrees 
are those ot doctor of divinity, doctor of laws, &c. — By de- 
grees, step by step ; gradually ; by little and little ; by mod- 
erate advances. — Syn. Step ; stage ; class ; rank ; order. 
DE-GUST', v. t. [L. degusto.] To taste. [Not used.) 
DEG-US-TITION, n. [L. degusto.] A tasting.— Bp. Hall. 
DE-GUSTED,^. Tasted. 
DE-GUST'ING, ppr. Tasting. 
DE-HISCE' (de-hiss 7 ), v. i. To gape. — In botany, to open, as 

the capsules of plants. — Lindley. 
DE-HIS'CENCE, n. [L. dehiscens.] A gaping. — In botany, 
the opening of capsules in plants, and of the cells of an- 
thers for emitting pollen, &c. ; the season when capsules 
open. 
DE-HIS'CENT, a. Opening, as the capsule of a plant. 
PE-HO-NES'TaTE, v. t. [L. dehonesto.) To disgrace. 
DE-HON-EST-I'TION, n. A disgracing ; dishonoring. 
VE-HORS' (de-horz 7 ). [Fr.] Out of; without; foreign ; ir- 
relevant : used chiefly in law language. 
DE-HORT', v. i. [L. dehortor.] To dissuade; to advise to 

the contrary. — Wilkins. 
DE-HORT'ED, pp. Dissuaded. 
DE-HORT- a'TI ON, n. Dissuasion ; advice or counsel against 

something. 
DE-HORT A-TO-RY, a. Dissuading ; belonging to dissuasion. 
DE-HORT'ER, n. A dissuader ; an adviser to the contrary. 
DE-HORT'ING, ppr. Dissuading. 

DE'I-ClDE, n. [It. deicidio.] 1. The act of putting to death 
Jesus Christ, our Savior. — Prior. 2. One concerned in 
putting Christ to death. [Not used.] 
DE-IF'IC, a. [L. deus and facio.] 1. Divine ; pertaining to 

the gods. 2. Making divine. 
DE-IF'I€-AL, a. Making divine.— Homilies. 
DE-IF-IC-A'TION, n. The act of deifying ; the act of exalt- 
ing to the rank of, or enrolling among, the heathen deities. 



DE'I-FLED (de'e-fide), pp. or a. Exalted or ranked among 

the gods ; regarded or praised as divine. 

d1iSt!r>- One who deifies. 

De'I-FORM, a. [L. deus and forma.] Like a god ; of a god- 
like form. 

t DE-I-FORM'I-TY, n. Resemblance of deity. 

DE'I-FY, v. t. [L. deus and facio.] 1. To make a god ; to ex- 
alt to the rank of a heathen deity ; to enroll among the 
deities. 2. To exalt into an object of worship ; to treat aa 
an object of supreme regard. 3. To exalt to a deity in es- 
timation ; to reverence or praise as a deity. 

De'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Exalting to the rank of a deity ; fa-eating 
as divine. 

DEIGN (dane), v. i. [Fr. daigner.] To think worthy; to 
vouchsafe ; to condescend. 

DEIGN (dane), v. t. To grant or allow ; to condescend to 
give to. — Shah. 

DFJGN'£D (dand), pp. Granted; condescended. 

DEIGNING (dan'ing), jipr. Vouchsafing; thinking worthy. 

DE'I GRa'TI-A (del gra'she-a). [L.] By the grace of God: 
words used in the ceremonial description of the title of a 
sovereign. — Brands. 

DEl-NO-THE'RI-UM, n. [Gr. btivoi, terrible, and fypiov, a 
wild beast.] A name given to the fossil remains of cer- 
tain gigantic pachyderm ata, remarkable for enormous 
tusks projecting from the lower jaw., 

t DE-IN'TE-GRaTE, v. t. To disintegrate. 

DE-IP'A-ROUS, a. [L. deiparus.] Bearing or bringing forth 
agod ; [an epithet applied to the Virgin Mary.] 

DElP-NOS'O-PIIIST (dipe-nos'o-fist), n. [Gr. Seinvov and 
ao6iarvi-] One of an ancient sect of philosophers, who 
were famous for tiieir learned conversation at meals. 

De'ISM, n. [Fr. deisme.] The doctrine or creed of a deist ; 
the belief or system of religious opinions of those who ac- 
knowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation. 

De'IST, n. [Fr. deiste; It. dcista.] One who believes in the 
existence of a God, but denies revealed religion ; one who 
professes no form of religion, but follows the light of na- 
ture and reason, as his only guides in doctrine and prac- 
tice ; a freethinker. 

DE-IST'IC, \a. Pertaining to deism or to deists; em- 

DE-IST'IC-AL, 5 bracing deism. 

DE-ISTIC-AL-L Y, adv. After the manner of deists. 

f De'I-TATE, a. Made God. — Archbishop Cranmer. 

De'I-TY, n. [Fr. deite.) 1. Godhead; divinity; the nature 
and essence of the Supreme Being. 2. God ; the Su 
preme Being, or infinite self-existing Spirit. 3. A fabulous 
god or goddess ; a superior being, supposed, by heathen 
nations, to exist, and to preside over particular depart- 
ments of nature. 4. The supposed divinity or divine qual- 
ities of a pagan god. — Raleigh. 

DE-JECT, v. t. [L. dejicio.] 1. To cast down ; usually, to 
cast down the countenance ; to cause to fall with grief , 
to make to look sad or grieved, or to express discourage- 
ment. 2. To depress the spirits ; to sink. Pope. — Syn. To 
sadden; dispirit; discourage; dishearten; afflict; grieve; 
discomfort; depress. 

DE-JECT', a. [L. dejectus.] Cast down ; low-spirited. 

DE-JECT'ED, pp. or a. Cast down ; depressed ; grieved ; 
discouraged. 

DE-JECT'ED-LY, adv. In a dejected manner ; sadly ; hear 
ily. — Bacon. 

DE-JECTED-NESS, n. The state of being cast down ; 
lowness of spirits. 

DE-JECT'ING, ppr. Casting down ; depressing ; dispiriting. 

DE-JECTION (de-jek'shun), n. 1. A casting down ; depres- 
sion of mind ; melancholy ; lowness of spirits, occasioned 
by grief or misfortune. — Milton. 2. Weakness; [unusual.] 
3. The act of voiding the excrements ; or the mattei 
ejected. — Ray. 

DE-JECT'LY, adv. In a down-cast manner. 

DE-JECT'O-RY, a. Having power or tending to cast down, 
or to promote evacuations by stool. 

DE-JECTtJRE (de-jekfyur), n. That which is ejected, 
excrements. — Arbuthnoi. 

t DEJ'ER-ITE, v. t. [L. dejero.] Tc swear deeply. 

t DEJ-ER-A'TION, n. A taking of a solemn oath. 

DE-JEU-NER', ? (da-zhu-na'), n. [Fr.] Breakfast. Also, 

DE-JEU-NE, 5 used of late in the iashionable world for 
lunch. — Gilbert. 

DE JO'RE. [L.] Of right. See De Facto. 

t DE-LAC-ER-A'TION, n. [L. delaccro.] A tearing in pieces 

DE-LA€-RY-Ma'TION, n. [L. delacrymatio.] A preternat- 
ural discharge of watery humors from the eyes ; water- 
ishness of the eyes. 

t DEL-A€-Ta'TION, n. [L. delactatio.] A weaning. 

DEL-AP-Sa'TION, n. A falling down.— Ray. 

DE-LAPSE' (de-laps'), v. i. [L. delabor, delapsus.] To fall or 
slide down. 

DE-LAPSJED' (de-lapstf), pp. or a. Fallen down. 

DE-LAP'SION, n. A falling down of the uterus, anus, &c. 

DE-LaTE', v. t. [L. delatus.] 1. To carry ; to convey ; [lit- 



* See Synopsis. A, E I, &c, long.—x, E, I, &c. : short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



DEL 



275 



DEL 



tie used.] 2. To accuse, to inform against; that is, to 
bear a charge against — Ben Jonson. 

DE-La'TION, n. 1. Carriage ; conveyance ; [little -used.] 
2. Accusation ; act of charging with a crime ; [a term of 
the civil law.] 

DE-La'TOR, n. [L.] An accuser ; an informer. 

DE-LaY', v. t. fFr. delai.] 1. To prolong the time of acting 
or proceeding ; to put oft". 2. To hinder for a time ; to 
restrain motion, or render it slow. 3. To allay. — Spenser ; 
[not in use.] — Syn. To defer ; postpone ; adjourn ; pro- 
crastinate ; protract; refcird , withhold; detain; stop. 

DE-LaY', v. i. To linger ; to move slow ; or to stop for a 
time. 

DE-LaY', n. LA lingering; stay ; stop. 2. A putting off, 
or deferring ; procrastination. 3. Hinderance for a time. 

DE-LaYjUD' (de-lade'), pp. Deferred ; detained ; hindered 
for a time ; retarded. 

DE-LaY'ER, n. One who defers ; one who lingers. 

DE-LaYTNG, ppr. Putting off; deferring; procrastinating; 
re tar din?; detaining. 

DE-LaY'MENT, n. Hinderance.— Gower. 

DEL€REnER-E,n. [It.] A del credere commission is one 
under which an agent for selling goods binds himself, for 
an additional premium, to see that payment is punctually 
made. — Bouvier. 

De'LE, v.t. [L. imperative of deleo.] Blot out; erase. 

DEL'E-BLE, a. |L. delebilis.] That can be blotted out— 
More. 

DE-LECTA-BLE, a. [L. delectabilis.] Delightful ; highly 
pleasing ; that gives great joy or pleasure. 

DE-LECTA-BLE-NESS, n. Delightfulness.— Barret. 

DE-LE€'TA-BLY, adv. DehghtfuUy. 

DE-LE€-Ta'TION, n. Great pleasure ; delight— Afore. 

\ DEL'E-GA-CY, n. A number of persons delegated.— Laud. 

DEL'E-GaTE, v. t. [L. delego.] 1. To send away ; appro- 
priately, to send on an embassy ; to send with power to 
transact business, as a representative. 2. To intrust ; to 
commit; to deliver to another's care and exercise. 

DEL'E-GATE, n. 1. A person appointed and sent by an- 
other with powers to transact business in his stead. — 2. In 
Great Britain, a commissioner appointed by the king, 
under the great seal, to hear and determine appeals from 
the ecclesiastical court Hence, the court of delegates is 
the great court of appeal in ah ecclesiastical causes. 3. A 
layman appointed to attend an ecclesiastical council. — 
Syn. Deputy ; representative ; commissioner ; vicar ; sub- 
stitute. 

DEL'E-GATE, a. Deputed ■ 6ent to act for or represent an- 
other.— Taylor. 

DEL'E-Gl TED, pp. or a. Deputed; sent with a trust or 
commission to act for another ; appointed a judge ; com- 
mitted, _as authority. 

DEL'E-Ga-TING, ppr. Deputing ; sending with a commis- 
sion to act for another ; appointing , committing ; in- 
trusting. 

DEL-E-GITION, n. 1. A sending away ; the act of putting 
in commission, or investing with authority to act for an- 
other; the appointment of a delegate. — Burke. 2. The 
persons deputed to act for another^ or for others.— 3. In 
the civil law, the assignment of a debt to another, as when 
a debtor transfers to another person the obligation to pay, 
or a creditor makes over to a third person the right to re- 
ceive payment 

VE-LEN'DA EST -eJR-THA'GO. [L.J Cartilage must be 
annihilated — our rival must be destroyed. 

t DEL-E-NIFTG-AL, a. Having the virtue to ease or as- 
suage pain. 

1 DE-LeTE', v. t. [L. deleo.] To blot out— Fuller. 

DEL-E-Te'RI-OUS, a. [L. deleterius.] 1. Having the quality 
of destroying or extinguishing lite ; destructive ; poison- 
ous. 2. Injurious ; pernicious. 

DEL'E-TER-Y, a. Destructive ; poisonous. — Hudibras. 

DE-Le'TION, 72. [L. deletio.] 1. The act of blotting out or 
erasing. 2. Destruction.— Hale ; [little used.] 

DEL'E-TO-RY, n. That which blots out— Taylor. 

DELF, n. [Sax. delfan.] 1. A mine; a quarry ; a pit dug; 

[rarely used.] 2. Earthen-ware, covered with enamel or 

white glazing, in imitation of China-ware or porcelain, 

made at Delft in Holland ; properly, Delft-ware. 

DE'LI-A€, n. [from Delos.] In the arts, a kind of sculptured 

vase : also, beautiful bronze and silver. — Elmes. 
CEL'I-BaTE, v. t. [L. delibo.] To taste ; to take a sip. 

[Little used.] 
DEL-I-BI'TION, n. A taste ; an essay. [Little used.] 
DE-LIB'ER-aTE, v. i. [L. delibero.] To weigh the reasons 
for and against a measure ; to estimate the weight or force 
of arguments, or the probable consequences of a measure, 
in order to a choice or decision ; to pause. — Syn. To con- 
sider ; ponder ; counsel ; judge ; debate ; hesitate ; demur. 
DE-LIB'ER-aTE, v. t. To balance in the mind ; to weigh ; 

to consider. — Laud. 
DE-LIB'ER-ATE. a. 1. Weighing facts and arguments with 
a view to a choice or decision ; carefully considering the 



probable consequences of a step ; slow in determining. 
2. Formed with deliberation ; well advised or considered ; 
not sudden or rash. 3. Slow. Bacon. — Syn. Cautious ; 
circumspect ; cool ; discreet ; wary ; advised ; thought, 
ful ; considerate. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TED. pp. Balanced in the mind ; considered. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With careful consideration or 
deliberation; circumspectly; nothastily or rashly ; slowly. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TING, ppr. Balancing in the mind ; weigh- 
ing; considering. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Calm consideration; circum- 
spection ; due attention to the arguments for and against 
a measure ; caution. 

DE-LIB-ER-A'TION, n. [L. deliberation 1. The act of delib- 
erating; the act of weighing and examining the reasons 
for and against a choice or measure , consideration. 2. 
Mutual discussion and examination of the reasons for and 
against a measure. — Syn. Thoughtfulness ; circumspec- 
tion ; reflection ; consideration ; wariness ; caution ; cool- 
ness ; prudence. 

DE-LlB'ER-A-TlVE, a. 1. Pertaining to deliberation ; pro 
ceeding or acting by deliberation, or by mutual discussion 
and examination. 2. Having a right or power to deliber- 
ate or discuss. 3. Apt or disposed to consider 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TlVE, n. A discourse, in which a question 
is discussed, or weighed and examined. 

I)E-LIB'ER-A-TlV£-LY, adv. By deliberation.— Burke. 

DELl-CA-CY, n. [Fr. delicatesse.] 1. Fineness of texture, 
smoothness ; softness ; tenderness. 2. Daintiness , pleas- 
antness to the taste. 3. Elegant or feminine beauty. A. 
Nicety ; minute accuracy. 5. Neatness in dress ; elegance 
proceeding from a nice selection and adjustment of the 
several parts of dress. 6. Softness of manners ; civility or 
politeness proceeding from a nice observance of propriety 
and a desire to please. 7. Indulgence ; gentle treatment 
8. Tenderness ; scrupulousness ; the quality manifested 
in nice attention to right, and care to avoid wrong or of- 
fense. 9. Acute or nice perception of what is pleasing to 
the sense of tasting ; hence, figuratively, a nice perception 
of beauty and deformity, or the faculty of such nice per- 
ception. 10. That which delights the senses, particularly 
the taste. 11. Tenderness of constitution ; weakness ; 
that quality or state of the animal body which renders it 
very impressible to injury. 12. Small ness ; fineness ; 
slenderness ; tenuity. 13. Tenderness , nice susceptibil- 
ity of impression. 

DEL'I-CATE, a. [Fr. delicat.] I Of a fine texture ; fine ; 
soft ; smooth ; clear, or fair. 2. Nice ; pleasing to the 
taste ; of an agreeable flavor. 3. Nice in perception of 
what is agreeable ; dainty. 4. Nice ; accurate ; fine ; soft 
to the eye. 5. Nice in forms ; regulated by minute observ- 
ance ot propriety, or by condescension. 6. Pleasing to 
the senses. 7. Fine ; slender ; minute. 8. That can no* 
be handled without injury or danger ; that must be 
touched with care. 9. Composed of fine threads, or nice- 
ly interwoven ; soft and smooth to the touch. 10. Ten 
der ; effeminate ; not able to endure hardship ; very im 
pressible to injury. 11. Feeble ; not sound or robust 

t DEL1-CATE, n. Any thing nice ; a nicety.— Drydtn. 

DEL'I-CATE-LY, adv. 1. In a delicate manner ; with nice 
regard to propriety and the feelings of others. 2. Dainti- 
ly ; luxuriously. 3. With soft elegance. 4. Tenderly ; 
with indulgence in ease, elegance, and luxurv. 

DEL'I-CATE-NESS, n. The state ot being delicate ; tender- 
ness ; softness ; effeminacy. 

f DEL1-CATES, n.pl. Niceties; rarities. — Jeremiah. 

DE-LI"CIOUS (de-lish'us), a. [Fr. delicieux.] 1. Highly 
pleasing to the taste ; most sweet or grateful to the senses 
aftbrding exquisite pleasure. 2. Slost pleasing to the 
mind; yielding exquisite delight. — Syn. Charming; ex- 
quisite ; dehghtful ; grateful. 

DE-LI"CIOUS-LY, adv. hi a delicious manner ; in a man- 
ner to please the taste or gratify the mind ; sweetly ; 
pleasantly; delightfully. 

DE-Ll"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being delicious, or 
very grateful to the taste or mind. 2. Delight ; great 
pleasure. 

DEL-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. deligatio.] In surgery, a binding up, 
a bandaging. 

DE-LlGHT (de-lite'), n. [Fr. delice.] 1. A high degree of 
pleasure or satisfaction of mind. 2. That which gives 
great pleasure; that which aftbrds delight — Delight" is a 
more permanent pleasure than joy, and not dependent on 
sudden excitement. — Syn. Rapture ; joy ; charm ; grati- 
fication ; satisfaction. 

DE-LIGHT (de-lite';, v. t. [Sp. deleytar ; Port dtleitar; L. de- 
lector; Fr. delecter.] 1. To affect with great pleasure ; to 
please highly ; to give or afford high satisfaction or joy. 
2. To receive great pleasure in. 

DE-LIGHT', v. i. To have or take great pleasure ; to be 
greatly pleased or rejoiced. 

DE-LIGHT'ED, pp. 1. Greatly pleased ; rejoiced. 2. a. FuS 
of delight— Shak. . 



D6 VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.~ € asK; G as J ; SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in this, t Ob$oleU 



DEL 



276 



DEL 



DE-LIGHTER, n. One who takes delight.— Barrow. 

DE-LiGHT'FUL, a. Highly pleasing; affording great pleas- 
ure and satisfaction. — Syn. Charming ; gratifying ; grate- 
ful j_ joyful; rapturous; beautiful; lovely. 

lOE-LIGHTFUL-LY, adv. I. In a manner to receive great 
pleasure ; very agreeably. 2. In a delightful manner ; 
charmingly ; in a manner to afford great pleasure. 

DE-LlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being delight- 
ful, or of affording great pleasure. 2. Great pleasure ; 
delight. 

DE-LlGHT'lNG, ppr. Giving great pleasure ; rejoicing. 

DE-LlGHT'LESS, a. Affording no pleasure or delight. 

DE-LlGHT'SOiME (de-lite'sum), a. Very pleasing ; delightful. 

DE-LiGHT'S6ME-LY, adv. Very pleasantly ; in a delight- 
ful manner. 

DE-LlGHT'SoME-NESS, n. Delightfulness ; pleasantness 
in a high degree. 

DE-LIN'E-A-MENT, n. Representation by delineation. 

DE-LIN'E-ATE, v. t. |L. delineo.] 1. To draw the lines 
which exhibit the form of a thing ; to mark out with lines ; 
to make a draught. 2. To paint ; to represent in picture ; 
to draw a likeness of. — 3. Figuratively, to represent to the 
mind or understanding ; to exhibit a likeness in words. — 
Syn. To depict; design; sketch; paint; describe. 

£>E-LIN'E-A-TED, pp. Drawn ; marked with lines exhibit- 
ing the form or figure ; sketched ; designed ; painted ; de- 
scribed. 

DE-LIN'E-a-TING, ppr. Drawing the form , sketching ; 
painting; describing. 

DE-LIN-E-i'TION, n. [L. delineatio.) 1. First draught of a 
thing; outline ; representation of a form or figure by fines. 
2. .Representation in words ; description. — Syn. Sketch ; 
design ; drawing. 

DE-LIN'E-A-TOR, n. One who delineates. 

\ DE-LIN'E-A-TURE, n. Delineation. 

i DE-LIN'I-MENT, n. [L. delinimentum.] Mitigation. 

DE-LIN'QUEN-CY (de-link'wen-sy), it. [L. delinquo.] Fail- 
ure or omission of duty ; a fault ; a misdeed ; and, posi- 
tiorly, an offense ; a crime. 

DE-LIN'QUENT (de-link'went), a. Failing in duty ; offend- 
ing by neglect of duty. 

DE-LIN'QUENT, n. One who fails to perform his duty ; 
particularly, a public officer who neglects his duty ; one 
who commits a fault or crime. — Syn. Misdoer ; offender ; 
criminal. 

DE-LIN'QUENTLY, adv. In a delinquent manner. 

DEl.I-QUaTE, v. t. or i. [L. deligueo.] To melt or be dis- 
solved. See Deliquesce and Deliquiate. 

DEL'1-Q.Ua-TED, pp. Melted; dissolved. 

DEL-I-QUa'TION, n. A melting. See Deliquescence and 
Deliquiation. 

DEL-I-QUESCE' (del-e-kwes'), v. i. [L. deliquesco.] [See Liq- 
uid.] To melt gradually and become liquid by attract- 
ing and absorbing moisture from the air. 

DEL-I-QUES'CENCE (del-e-kwes'ense), n. Spontaneous 
liquefaction in the air ; a gradual melting or becoming liq- 
uid by absorption of water from the atmosphere. 

OEL-I-QUES'CENT, a. Liquefying in the air ; capable of 
attracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming 
liquid. 

DE-LIQ'UI-ITE (de-lik'we-ate), v. i. To melt and become 
liquid by imbibing water from the air. 

DE-LIQ-UI-a'TION (de-lik-we-a'shun), n. A melting by at- 
tracting water from the air. 

DE-LIQ'UI-UM (de-lik'we-um), n. [L.] 1. In chemistry, a 
melting or dissolution in the air, or in a moist place. 2. A 
liquid state. — 3. In medicine, a swooning or fainting ; 
called, also, syncope. 

DE-Ll'RA-CY, n. Delirium.— Sancroft. 

DE-LIRA-MENT, n. A wandering of the mind ; foolish 
fancy. [Little used.] 

f DE Ll'RITE, v. i. [L. deliro.] To rave, as a madman. 

DEL-I-Ra'TION, 7i. [L. deliratio.] A wandering of mind ; 
delirium. — Ed. Rev. 

DE-LIR'I-OUS, a. [L. delirus.] Roving in mind ; disordered 
in intellect ; having ideas that are wild, irregular, and un- 
connected. — Syn. Crazy; ligbt-headed; raving. 

DE-LIPi/I-OUS-LY, adv. In a delirious manner. 

DE-LIR'I-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being delirious ; de- 
lirium. 

DE-LIR'1-UM, n. [L.] 1. A state in which the ideas of a 
person are will, irregular, and unconnected, or do not 
correspond with the truth, or with external objects; a 
roving or wandering of the mind ; disorder of the intellect. 
i>E-LIRI-UM TRe'MENS, n. [L.] A disease of the brain, 
produced by excessive and prolonged use of spirituous liq- 
uors. 

DEL-I-TES'CENCE, n. [L. delitesccntia.] Retirement ; ob- 
scurity. — Johnson. 

DE-LITI-GITE, v. t. [L delitigo.] To scold ; to chide ve- 
hemently.— --Diet. 

DE-LIT-I-GA'TION, n. A striving; a chiding. 

DE-LIVER, v. t. [Fr. delivrer.] 1. The leading idea is, to 



cause to pass from one state or place to mother; as, to 
deliver goods, to deliver a message. Hence, 2. To free from 
danger, bondage, or restraint of any kind ; as, to deliver the 
oppressed. 3. To disburden a woman of a child, with of, 
4. To give forth in words ; to pronounce ; as, to deliver as 
address. 5. To give forth in action ; as, the ship delivered 
a broad-side ; the troops delivered their fire ; to deliver a 
blow. Alison. — To deliver up, to surrender; as, to deliver 
up a fortress or stolen goods. — To deliver to the wind, or 
cast away, to reject. — To deliver over. 1. To transfer ; to 
give or pass from one to another. 2. To surrender or re- 
sign ; to put into another's power ; to commit to the dis- 
cretion of; to abandon to.— Syn. To release; set free; 
save ; rescue ; give ; offer ; present ; surrender ; resign ; 
yield up ; cede ; pronounce. 

t DE-LIVER, a. [L. liber.] Free; nimble.— Chaucer. 

DE-LI V'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be or is to be delivered. 
— Amer. Rev. [Mercantile usage.] 

DE-LIV'ER-ANCE, n. [Fr. delivrance.] 1. Release from 
captivity, slavery, oppression, or any restraint. 2. Rescue 
from danger or any evil. 3. The act of bringing forth 
children. 4. The act of giving or transferring from one to 
another. 5. The act of speaking or pronouncing ; utter- 
ance. 6. Acquittal of a prisoner by the verdict of a jury. 

DE-LIV'ER.ED, pp. Freed ; released ; transferred or trans- 
mitted ; passed from one to another ; committed ; yield- 
ed ; surrendered ; rescued ; uttered ; pronounced. 

DE-LIV'ER-ER, n. 1. One who delivers ; one who releases 
or rescues ; a preserver. 2. One who relates or com- 
municates. 

DE-LIV'ER-ING, ppr. Releasing; setting free ; rescuing, 
saving ; surrendering ; giving over ; yielding ; resigning. 

tDE-LIV'ER-LY, adv. Nimbly. 

t DE-LIV'ER-NESS, n. Agility. 

DE-LIV'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of delivering. 2. Releaser 
rescue, as from slavery, restraint, oppression, or danger 
3. Surrender ; a giving up. 4. A giving or passing from 
one to another. 5. Utterance ; pronunciation ; or manner 
of speaking. 6. Child-birth. 7. Free motion or use of the 
limbs.— Sidney; [obs.] 

DELL, n. [qu. dale, or W. dell] A hollow place ; a small, 
narrow valley between two hills.— Gilbert. 

DELPH. See Delf, No. 2. 

DEL'PHI-A, ~\n. A bitter and acrid vegetable alkaloid, 

DEL'PHlNE, \ discovered in the Delphinium staphy- 

DEL-PHIN'I-A, ) sagria. 

DEL'PHI-AN, la. [from Delphi.] Relating to Delphi, and 

DEL'PHIC, j to the celebrated oracle of that place. 

DEL'PHIN, a. Pertaining to the Dauphin of France; applied 
particularly to an edition of the Latin classics, prepared 
under Louis XIV., in usum Delphini, for the dauphin's 
use. — Brande. 

DEL'PHlNE, a. [L. delphinus.] Pertaining to the dolphin, 
a genus of fishes. 

DEL'PHIN-ITE, n. A mineral , called, also, pistacite an<? 
epidote. 

DEL SEGN'O (del san'yo). [It. J In music, a direction to 
repeat from the sign. 

DELTA, n. The Greek letter A. A tract of alluvial or 
other land in a triangular form, as at the mouth of the 
Nile, in Egypt. 

DELTOID, n. [Gr. SeXra, the letter A, and ei5os.] 1. Re- 
sembling the Greek A (delta) ; triangular ; an epithet ap 
plied to a muscle of the shoulder-— Coxe. 2. In botany, 
shaped somewhat like a delta or rhomb. 

DE-LuD'A-BLE, a. That may be deluded or deceived ; lia- 
ble to be imposed on. — Brown. 

DE-LtJDE', v. t. [L. deludo.] 1. To impose on ; to lead from 
truth or into error ; to mislead the mind or judgment. — 
Syn. To deceive ; beguile ; lead astray ; cheat ; impose 
upon ; disappoint ; frustrate. 

DE-LtJD'ED, pp. or a. Deceived ; misled ; led into error. 

DE-LOD'ER, n. One who deceives ; a deceiver ; an impos- 
tor ; one who holds out false pretenses. 

DE-LOD'ING, ppr. Deceiving ; leading astray ; misleading 
the opinion or judgment. 

DE-LuD'ING, n. The act of deceiving ; falsehood. 

DEL'UGE (delluje), n. [Fr. deluge.] 1. Any overflowing of 
water ; a swell of water over the natural banks of a river 
or shore of the ocean, spreading over the adjacent land. 
But, appropriately, the great flood or overflowing of the 
earth by water in the days of Noah. 2. A sweeping or 
overwhelming calamity.— Syn. Flood; inundation. 

DEL'UGE, v. t. 1. To overflow with water ; to inundate , 
to drown. 2. To overwhelm ; to cover with any flowing 
or moving, spreading body. 3. To overwhelm ; to cause 
to sink under the weight of a general or spreading calam- 
ity. 

DEL'UGE, v. i. To become a deluge. 

DELX T G£D, pp. Overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed. 

DEL'UG-ING, ppr. Overflowing ; inundating ; overwhelm- 
ing. 

DE-Lu'SION (de-lu'zhun), n. [L. delusio.] 1. The act of de- 



- See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



DEM 



277 



DEM 



hiding ; deception ; a misleading of the mind. 2. False 
representation ; mistake proceeding from false views.— 
Syn. Illusion; deceit; cheat; fraud; falsehood; fallacy; 
guile ; error ; treachery. 

DE-Lu'Sf VE, a. Apt to deceive ; tending to mislead the 
mind ; deceptive ; beguiling. 

DE-Lu'SiVE-LY, adv. In a delusive manner. 

DE-LO'SIVE-NESS, ft. The quality of being delusive ; tend- 
ency to deceive. 

DE-Lu'SO-RY, a. Apt to deceive ; deceptive. 

DELVE (delv), v. t. [Sax. delfan.] 1. To dig ; to open the 
ground with a spade. 2. To fathom ; to sound ; to pene- 
trate ; [not used.] 

DELVE (delv), n. A place dug ; a pit ; a pit-fall ; a ditch ; 
a den ; a cave. — Spenser ; [obs.] — Delve of coals, a quantity 
of fossil coals dug. [Not used, or local] 

DELVED (delvd),#p. Dug ; fathomed. 

DELV'ER, n. One who digs, as with a spade. 

DELVING, ppr. Digging. 

DE-MAG-NET-I-ZaTION. n. The act of taking away the 
magnetic power or influence. 

DE-MA G'NET-IZE, v. t. To deprive of magnetic power or 
influence. 

DEMA-GOG-ISM, n. The acts or conduct of a demagogue. 

DEM'A-GOGUE (dem'a-gog), to. [Gr. Srmaywyo;.] 1. A lead- 
er of the people ; an orator who pleases the populace, and 
influences them to adhere to him. 2. Any leader of the 
populace ; any factious man who has great influence with 
the great body of people in a city or community. 

DE-MaIN', ) ii. [Norm, demainer.] 1. Amanor- 

DE-MeSNE' (de-mene 1 ), 3 house and the land adjacent or 
near, which a lord keeps in his own hands or immediate 
occupation. 2. Estate in lands. — Shak. 

DE-MaND', v. t. [Fr. demander.] 1. To ask or call for, as 
one who has a claim or right to receive what is sought ; to 
claim or seek as due by right. 2. To ask by authority ; to 
require ; to seek or claim an answer by virtue of a right 
in the interrogator ; as, I demand an answer. 3. To re- 
quire as necessary or useful ; as, this demands attention. 
4. To ask ; to question ; to interrogate ; to inquire ; [little 
used.] 5. To ask or require, as a seller of goods ; as, what 
do you demand ? 6. To sue for ; to seek to obtain by le- 
gal process. 

DE-MAND', to. 1. An asking for or claim made by virtue 
of a right, or supposed right, to the thing sought ; an ask- 
ing with authority ; a challenging as due. 2. The asking 
or requiring of a price for goods offered for sale. 3. That 
which is or may be claimed as due ; debt ; as, what are 
your demands ? 4. The calling for in order to purchase ; 
desire to possess ; as, the book is in great demand. 5. A 
desire or a seeking to obtain ; as, the lady was in great 
demand. — 6. In law, the asking or seeking for what is due, 
or claimed as due, either expressly, by words, or by im- 
plication, as by seizure of goods, or entry into lands. 

DE-MaND'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded, claimed, 
asked for, or required. 

DE-MXND'ANT, to. One who demands , the plaintiff in a 
real action ; any plaintiff". 

DE-MaND'ED, pp. Called for , claimed ; challenged as 
due ; requested ; required ; interrogated. 

DE-MaND'ER, to. One who demands ; one who requires 
with authority ; one who claims as due ; one who asks ; 
one who seeks to obtain. 

DE-MaND'ING, ppr. Claiming or calling for as due, or by 
authority ; requiring ; asking ; pursuing a claim by legal 
process ; interrogating. 

DE-MaND'RESS, n. A female demandant. 

DE-MaR€-aTION. See Demarcation. 

f DE-MARCH', to. [Fr. demarche.] March ; walk ; gait. 

DE-MARK- a'TION, to. [Sp. demarcacion.] 1. The act of 
marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit. 2. A 
limit or bound ascertained and fixed ; line of separation 
marked or determined. — Burke. 

DE-MeAN', v. t. [Fr. demener.] 1. To behave ; to carry ; to 
conduct ; [with the reciprocal pronoun.] 2. To treat. — 
Spenser. 

DE-MeAN', v. t. To debase , to undervalue.— Shak.— Swift. 
[Little used.] 
DE-MeAN', to. 1. Behavior, carriage, demeanor. — Spen- 
ser. 2. Mien. — Spenser. 

DE-MeAN'. See Demain. 

DE-Me AN'.ED, pp. Behaved well ; [in a good sense.] Less- 
ened ; debased ; [in a bad sense.] 

DE-MeANTNG, ppr. Behaving ; also, debasing. 

DE-MeAN'OR, to. Manner of conducting or behaving. — 
Syn. Behavior ; carriage ; deportment ; conduct. 

\ DE-M|AN'URE, to. Behavior. 

DE Me-DI-E-Ta'TE. [L.] A jury de medietate is one of 
half natives and half foreigners ; used when a foreigner is 
a party, or half of common jurors and half of menof the 
class of one of the parties. — Blackstone. 
\ Dfc'MEN-CY, to. [L. dementia.] Madness. — Skelton. 
DEMEN'TATE, a. Mad ; infatuated.— Hammond. 



DE-MEN'TaTE, v. t. [L. demento.] To make mad.— Burton 

DE-MENTa-TED, pp. Rendered mad. 

DE-MEN-TaTION, to. The act of making frantic— Whitlock 

DE-MENT'ED, a. Crazy ; infatuated.— Quart. Rev. 

DE-MEPH-I-TI-Z I'TION, to. The act of purifying from me- 
phitic or foul air. 

DE-MEPH'I-TiZE, v. t. To free from foul, unwholesome air. 

DE-MEPH'1-TlZ.ED, pp. Purified ; freed from foul air. 

DE-MEPH'I-TlZ'ING, ppr. Purifying from foul air. 

DE-MERIT, to. [Fr. demerite.] 1. That which deserves pun- 
ishment ; the opposite of merit ; an ill-deserving ; that 
which is blamable or punishable in moral conduct ; vice 
or crime. — 2. Anciently, merit ; desert. — Shak. ; [in, a good 
sense.] 

t DE-MER'IT, v. t. To deserve blame or punishment. 

DE-MERS£D' (de-mersf), a, [L. demersus.] Plunged , sit- 
uated or growing under water. 

DE-MER'SION (de-merishun), to. [L. demersio.] 1. A plung- 
ing into a fluid ; a drowning. 2. The state of being over- 
whelmed in water or earth. 3. The putting of a medi- 
cine in a dissolving liquor. 

DE-MEffl'MER-iZE, v. t. To bring out of the mesmeric state. 

DE-MeSNE' (de-meen'). See Demain. 

DE-MeSN'I-AL (de-me'ne-al), a. Pertaining to a demesne. — 
Maunder. 

DEMI a prefix, Fr. demi, from the Lat. dimidium, signifies 
half. It is used only in composition. See, also, Demy. 

DEM'I-BATH, ) to. A bath in which only the lower half of 

DEM'i-BaIN, 3 the body is immersed.— Gilbert. 

DEM'i-BRI-GaDE', to. A half-brigade. 

DEM'I-Ca'DENCE, to. In music, an imperfect cadence, or 
one that falls on any other than the key note. 

DEM'i-CAN'NON, to. The obsolete name of a kind of ord- 
nance carrying a ball of from 30 to 36 pounds in weight. 

DEM'I-€UL'VER-IN, to. The obsolete name of a kind of 
ordnance carrying a ball of nine or ten pounds in weight. 

DEM'I-De'I-FY, v. t. To deify in part. — Cowper. 

DEM'i-DEV'/L (-devl). to. Haifa devil.— Shale. 

DEM'I-DIS'TANCE, to. In fortification, the distance be 
tween the outward polygons and the flank. 

DEM'I-Dl'TONE, to. In music, a minor third.— Busby. 

DEM'I-GOD, to. Half a god ; one partaking of the divine 
nature. — Pope. 

DEM'I-GOD'DESS, to. A female demi-god.— Campbell. 

DEM'I-GQR6E, to. In fortification, that part of the polygon 
which remains after the flank is raised, and goes from the 
curtain to the angle of the polygon. 

DEM'i-GROAT (-grawt), to. A half-groat.— Shenstone. 

DEM'f -LANCE, to. A light lance ; a half-pike. 

DEM'I-LUNE, to. A half-moon, or work constructed be 
yond the ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain be- 
tween two bastions, for the defense of the curtain. 

DEM'I-MAN, n. Half a man. [A term of reproach.] 

DEM'I-Na'THR£D, a. Having half the nature of another 
animal. — Shak. 

DEM'i-OF-FI"CIAL, a. Partly official, or authorized. 

DEM'I-PREM'I-SES, to. pi. Half-premises.— Hooker. 

DEM'i-QUA-VER to. A note in music, of half the length ol 
the quaver. 

DEM'I-RE-LIe'VO, to. In sculpture, hah" relief. 

DEM'I-SEM'i-QUa-VER, n. A note in music, two of which 
are equal to a semi-quaver. 

DEM'I-TINT, to. [demi and tint.] In painting, a gradation 
of color between positive light and positive shade. — Ehnes. 

DEM'i-ToNE, to. In music, an interval of half a tone ; a 
semi-tone. 

DEM'i-VILL, w. A half-vill, consisting of five freemen or 
frank pledges. — Blackstone. 

DEM'I-VOLT, to. One of the seven artificial motions of a 
horse, in which he raises his fore legs in a particular 
manner. 

DEM'i-WOLF, n. Half a wolf; a mongrel dog between a 
dog and a wolf; lycisca. — Shak. 

t DEM'I-GRaTE, v. i. [L. demigro. ] To migrate, which see. 

DEM-I-GRa'TION, n. Emigration, which see. 

DEM'1-JOHN (-jon), to. [Fr. dame-jeanne.] A glass vessel or 
bottle, with a large body and small neck, in wicker-work. 

DEM'I-REP, to. A woman of suspicious chastity. [Demi- 
reputation.] 

DE-MIS'A-BLE, a. That may be leased. 

DE-MlSE' to. [Fr. demis, demise.] 1. In England, a laying 
down or removal, applied to the crown or royal authority, 
and hence to the death of the reigning monarch, by which 
the crown is demised to another. Hence, in later usage, 
2. The death of any distinguished individual ; as, the de- 
mise of Mr. Pitt. — Trotter. 3. A conveyance or transfer of 
an estate, by lease or will. — Demise and redemise, a con 
veyance where there are mutual leases made from one to 
another of the same land, or something out of it. 

DE-MlSE', v. t. 1. To transfer or convey ; to lease. 2. To 
bequeath ; to grant by will. — Swift. 

DE-MiS£D', pp. Granted or left by will. 

DE-MlSlNG, ppr. Bequeathing ; granting by wiU. 



D6VE ;• -ByLL, UNITE ;- AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DEM 



278 



DEN 



HE-MISSION (de-mish'un), n. A lowering; degradation, 
depression. — L' Estrange. 

DE-Ml!!' fVE '} a - Humble.— SAenstorae. [Bare.] 

\ DE-MISS'LY, adv. In an humble manner. — Sherwood. 

DEM'IS-SO-RY. See Dimissory. 

\ DE-MIT, v. t. [L. demitto.] To let fall ; to depress ; to 
submit. 

DEM'I-URGE, n. [Gr. Sriniovrpog.] In the mythology of East- 
ern philosophers, a subordinate deity or jEon employed in 
the creation of the world. 

DEM-I-URGTG, a. Pertaining to a demiurge, or to creative 
power. 

DE-MO€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. SrjftoKpana.] Government by the 
people ; a form of government in which the supreme 
power is lodged in the hands of the people collectively, or 
in which the people exercise the powers of legislation. 

DEM'0-€RAT, n. One who adheres to a government by 
the people, or favors the extension of the right of suffrage 
to all classes of men. 

DEM-O-CRAT'IC, )a. Popular ; pertaining to democra- 

DEM-0-€RAT"I€ AL, 5 cy, or government by the people. 

DEM-0-€RAT'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a democratical manner. 
— Sidney. 

DE-M0€'RA-T1ST, n. The same as democrat. 

DE-MO€'RA-TY, n. Democracy.— Burton. 

DE-MO-GOR'GON, n. [Gr. Saifitav and yo/>yo?.J Literally, 
terrible deity. A mysterious divinity among the an- 
cients, mentioned by Milton. — Brande. 

DE-MOl/ISH, v. t. [Fr. demolir.] To throw or pull down, 
as a heap or structure ; to separate any collected mass, or 
the connected parts of a thing. — Syn". To destroy ; raze ; 
dismantle ; nun. 

DE-MOL'ISH£D (de-mol'isht), pp. or a. Pulled down , 
thrown down ; razed ; destroyed, as a fabric or structure. 

DE-MOL'ISH-ER, n. One who pulls or throws down ; one 
who destroys or lays waste. 

DE-MOL'ISH-ING, ppr. Pulling or throwing down ; de- 
stroying. 

DE-MOL'ISH-MENT,?z. Ruin, overthrow.— Beaum. and Fl. 

DEM-0-Ll"TION (dem-o-lish'un), n. The act of overthrow- 
ing, pulling down, or destroying a pile or structure ; ruin ; 
destruction. 

De'MON, n. [L. d&mon.] A spirit, or immaterial being, 
holding a middle place between men and the celestial de- 
ities of the pagans. An evil spirit or genius, which is sup- 
posed to influence the conduct or direct the fortunes of 
mankind. 

De'MON-ESS, n. A female demon.— Mede. 

DE-Mo'NI-AC, 1 a. 1. Pertaining to demons or evil spir- 

DEM-0-Nl'A€-AL ; \ its. 2. Influenced by demons ; pro- 

DE-Mo'NI-AN, ) duced by demons or evil spirits. 

DE-Mq'NLA€, n. A human being possessed by a demon. 

DEM-0-Nl'A€-AL-LY, adv. In a demoniacal manner. 

DE-MO-NlA-CISM, n. A demoniacal state, or demoniacal 
practices. 

DE-Mo'NI-A-GS, 71.pl. In Church history, a branch of the An- 
abaptists, whose distinguishing tenet was, that at the end of 
the world the devil will be saved. 

DE-Mo'NI-AN-ISM, n. The state of being possessed by a 
demon. — Warburton. 

De'MON-ISM, n. The belief in demons or false gods. — Jef- 
ferson. 

Be'MON-IZE, v. t. To fill with the spirit of a demon. 

DE-MON-OC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. daifzwv and /cpartw.] The 
power or government of demons. 

DE-MON-OL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. Saiiiuv and XarpEia.] The 
worship of demons, or of evil spirits. — Campbell. 

DE-MOnS-LoI'iI'-AL, } a - Pertainin g t0 demonology. 

DE-MON-OL'O-gIST, n. A writer on demonology. 

DE-MON-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Saijjuov and \oyos.] A discourse 
on demons ; a treatise on evil spirits. 

DE-MON'O-MIST, n. [Gr. baijx^v and yo/*o?.J One who lives 
in subjection to the devil, or to evil spirits. 

DE-MON'O-MY, n. The dominion of demons, or of evil 
spirits. — Herbert. 

De'MON-RY, n. Demonical influence. — Miss J. Baillie. 

De'MON-SHIP, n. The state of a demon.— Mede. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. That may be demonstrated ; that 
may be proved beyond doubt or contradiction ; capable 
of being shown by certain evidence, or by evidence that 
admits of no doubt. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being de- 
monstrable. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude doubt ; 
beyond the possibility of contradiction. 

* DE-MO-N'STRiTE or DEM'ON-STRITE, v. t. [L. demon- 
stro.] 1. To show or prove to be certain ; to prove be- 
yond the possibility of doubt ; to prove in such a manner 
as to reduce the contrary position to evident absurdity. — 
2. In anatomy, to exhibit the parts when dissected. — Syn. 
To prove ; evince ; manifest. 



* DE-MON'STRa-TED or DEM'ON-STRa-TED,#d. Proved 
beyond the possibility of doubt ; rendered certain. 

* DE-MON'STRA-TINGorDEM'ON-STRA-TING,£pr. Prov- 
ing to be certain ; evincing beyond the possibility of doubt 

DEM-ON-STRa'TION, n. 1. Literally, a showing forth or 
exhibition ; as, demonstrations of joy. — Mitford. 2. The 
act of demonstrating, or of exhibiting certain proof. 3. 
The highest degree of evidence ; certain proof exhibited, 
or such proof as establishes a fact or proposition beyond 
a possibility of doubt, or as shows the contrary position to 
be absurd or impossible. 4. Indubitable evidence of the 
senses, or of reason ; evidence which satisfies the mind of 
the certainty of a fact or proposition. — 5. In logic, a series 
of syllogisms, all whose premises are either definitions, 
self-evident truths, or propositions already established. 5. 
Show ; exhibition. — 6. In anatomy, the exhibition of parts 
dissected. — 7. In military affairs, a movement of troops 
toward a given point, as if to attack. Hence, 8. Any 
movement against, or attempt upon ; as, " Napoleon made 
his first demonstration on Holland."— Alison's Europe. 

DE-MON'STRA-Tl VE, a. 1. Showing or proving by certain 
evidence ; having the power of demonstration ; invincibly 
conclusive. 2. Having the power of showing with clear 
ness and certainty. — 3. Among the Latin rhetoricians, that 
lays open or explains with clearness, force, and beauty ; 
as, demonstrative eloquence. — Blair. 

DE-MON'STRA-TiVE-LY, adv. With certain evidence; 
with proof which can not be questioned ; certainly ; clear- 
ly; convincingly. 

DE-MON'STRA-TIVE-NESS, n. Quality of being demon- 

* DEM'ON-STRa-TOR, n. 1. One who demonstrates ; one 
who proves any thing with certainty, or with indubitable 
evidence. — 2. In anatomy, one who exhibits the parts 
when dissected. 

DE-MON'STRA-TO-RY, a. Tending to demonstrate ; hav 
ing a tendency to prove beyond a possibility of doubt. 

DE-MOR-AL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of subverting or cor 
rupting morals ; destruction of moral principles. 

DE-MOR'AL-IZE, v. t. To corrupt or undermine the moral? 
of ; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on 
to render corrupt in morals. — Grattan. 

DE-MOR'AL-lZ£D, pp. Corrupted in morals. 

DE-MORAL-lZ-ING, ppr. 1. Corrupting or destroying mor- 
als or moral principles. 2. a. Tending to destroy morali 
or moral principles. 

DEM-OS-THEN'I€, a. Pertaining to Demosthenes, the Gre- 
cian orator. 

DE-MOT'I€, a. [Gr. Stjuotikos.] Popular ; common ; per- 
taining to the people. Russell. — Demotic characters, among 
the ancient Egyptians, were a conversion of hieroglyphics 
into a kind of current hand for popular use, approaching 
very nearly to alphabetical writing. — Brande. 

t DE-MULCE' (de-nulls'), v. t. [L. demulceo.] To soothe ; to 
soften or pacify. 

DE-MUL'CENT, a. [L. demulcens.\ Softening ; mollifying ; 
lenient. 

DE-MUL'CENT, n. Any medicine which lessens the effects 
of irritation on the solids ; that which softens or mollifies ; 
as gums, roots of marsh-mallows, and other mucilaginou3 
substances. 

DE-MUR', v, i. [Fr. demeurer.] 1. To suspend proceeding , 
to delay determination or conclusion. — 2. In law, to stop 
at any point in the pleadings, and rest or abide en that 
point in law for a decision of the cause. — Syn. To pause 
doubt ; hesitate ; object. 

DE-MUR', v. t. To doubt of— Milton. [Not legitimate.} 

DE-MUR', n. Stop ; pause ; hesitation as to the propriety 
of proceeding ; suspense of proceeding or decision. 

DE-MuRE', a. Sober ; grave ; modest ; downcast. — Bacon. 

t DE-MORE', v. i. To look with a grave countenance. — Shah. 

DE-MuRE'LY, adv. With a grave, solemn countenance ; 
with a fixed look ; with a solemn gravity. 

DE-MtiRF/NESS, n. Gravity of countenance ; soberness ; 
a modest look. — Sidney. . 

DE-MUR'RAGE, n. An allowance made to the owner of a 
trading vessel, for delay or detention in port beyond the 
appointed time of departure. 

DE-MURR.ED (de-murd'), pp. Stopped ; objected to. 

DE-MUR'RER, n. 1. One who demurs.— 2. In law, a stop 
at some point in the pleadings, and a resting of the decis- 
ion of the cause on that point ; an issue on matter of law. 

DE-MUR'RING, ppr. Stopping ; pausing ; suspendi)ig pro- 
ceedings or decision ; resting or abiding on a point in law. 

DE-My', n. [Fr. demi.] 1. A particular size of paper; a kind 
of paper of small size. 2. A half fellow at Magdalen Col- 
lege, Oxford. 

DEN, n. [Sax. den, dene, denn.] 1. A cave or hollow place 
in the earth ; usually applied to a cave, pit, or subterrane- 
ous recess, used for concealment, shelter, protection, or 
security. 2. As a termination, in names of places, it de- 
notes the place to be in a valley or near a wood. 

DEN, v. i. To dwell as in a den. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FA LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



DEN 



279 



DEN 



DE NXR COT-IZE, v. t. To deprive of narcotine.— Journ. 
of Science. 

DE-Na'RI-US, n. [L., from deni, ten.] A Roman coin worth 
sixteen or seventeen cents ; so called from the letter X 
upon it. — In law books, an English penny. 

DEN'A-RY, a. [L. denarius.] Containing ten. 

DEN'A-RY, n. The number ten.— Digby. 

" DE-NITION-AL-lZE, v. t. To divest of national charac- 
ter or rights, by transference to the service of another 
nation. See National. 

DE-Na'TION-AL-iZjED, pp. Deprived of national rights. 

DE-Na'TION-AL-iZ-ING, ppr. Depriving of national rights. 

DE-NATUR-AL-lZE, v. t. [de and naturalize.] To render 
unnatural ; to alienate from nature. 

DE-NAT*JR-AL-IZ£D, pp. 1. Made unnatural.— Ed. Rev. 2. 
Deprived of naturalization or acquired citizenship in a for- 
eign country. 

DE-NATHR-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. 1. Making unnatural 2. De- 
priving of acquired citizenship in a foreign country. 

t DE-NaY', n. Denial ; refusal.— Shale. 

t DE-NaY', v. t. To deny.— Spenser. 

DEN'DRA-GHaTE, n. [Gr. SevSpov and avarr??.] Arbores- 
cent agate ; agace containing the figures of shrubs or parts 
of plants. 

DEN'DRI-FORM, a. Having the appearance of a tree.— 
Gilbert. 

DEN'DRlTE, n. [Gr. otvtpov and h6os, for dendrolite.] A 
stone or mineral on or in which are the figures of shrubs 
or trees ; an arborescent mineral. 

DEN-DRITIC, > a. Containing the figures of shrubs or 

DEN-DRIT'IC-AL, 5 trees, as stones, <fcc. 

DEN'DROID, a. [Gr. Sevcpov and eiSos) Resembling a shrub. 

DEN'DROIT, n. A fossil which has some resemblance in 
form to the_ branch of a tree. 

DEN'DRO-LlTE, n. [Gr. SevSpov and hdos.] A petrified or 
fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant. 

DEN-DROL'6-GY, n. [Gr. devdpov and AoyoS.J A discourse 
or treatise on trees ; the natural history of trees. 

DEN-DROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. SevSpov and uerpeu).] An in- 
strument to measure the height and diameter of trees. 

f DEN'E-GaTE, v.t. [L. denego.] To deny. 

* DEN-E-Ga'TION, n. Denial. 

DEN" G HE (deng'ga), n. [Sp.] A peculiar sort of fugitive 
anderratic epidemic rheumatism. 

DE-Nl'A-BLE, a. That may be denied or contradicted. 

DE-Nl'AL, n. 1. An affirmation to the contrary ; an asser- 
tion that a declaration or fact stated is not true ; negation ; 
contradiction. 2. Refusal to grant ; the negation of a re- 
quest or petition. 3. A rejection, or refusing to acknowl- 
edge ; a disowning. — 4. A denial of one's selfis a declining 
of some gratification ; restraint of one's appetites or pro- 
pensities. 

DE-Nl'ER, n. One who denies, or contradicts ; one who 
refuses, or rejects ; a disowner ; one who does not own, 
avow, or acknowledge. 

DE-NIeR (de-neer'), n. [Fr.] A small denomination of 
French money, the twelfth part of a sol ; a small copper 
coin. 

* DEN'I-GRITE, v. t. [L. denigro.] To blacken ; to make 
black. — Boyle. 

DEN-I-GR1TION, n. The act of making black ; a black- 
ening. 

DEN'I-SON (den'e-zn), n. The same as Denizen. 

t DEN-I-TRa'TION, n. A disengaging of nitric acid. 

DEN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of making one a denizen, sub- 
ject, or citizen. 

DEN1-Z.EN (den'e-zn), n. [W. dinaswr.] 1. In England, an 
alien who is made a subject by the lung's letters patent. 
He can hold land by purchase or bequest, but can not en- 
joy office, trusts, &c, or receive a grant of land from the 
crown. — Brande. 2. A stranger admitted to residence in 
a foreign country. 3. A dweller ; as, the denizens of air. 
— Pope. 

DEN'I-Z-EN. y. t. To make a denizen ; to admit to residence 
with certain rights and privileges ; to enfranchise. 

DEN'1-Z.EN.ED (den'e-znd), pp. Enfranchised. 

DEN'1-Z.EN-SHIP, n. State of being a denizen. 

DEN'MXRK SAT'IN, n. A kind of lasting ; a stout worsted 
stuff, woven with a satin twill, used for ladies' shoes, &c. 

DE-NOM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be denominated or named. 
— Brown. 

DE-NOM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. denomino.] To give a name or 
epithet to. — Syn. To name ; call ; style ; designate. 

DE-NOM'IN-A-TED, pp. Named; called. 

DE-NOM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Naming. 

DE-NOM-IN-I'TION, n. 1. The act of naming. 2. A name, 
title, or appellation ; a vocal sound, customarily used to 
express a thing or a quality in discourse. 3. A society or 
collection of individuals called by the same name ; a sect ; 
as, a denomination of Christians. 

DE-NOM-IN-A'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a denomination. 

DE-NOM-IN-A'TION-AL-LY, adv. By denominations or 
sects. 



DE-NOM'IN-A-TIVE, a. That gives a name ; that confers » 

distinct appellation. 
DE-NOM'IN-A-TlVE-LY, adv. By denomination.— Baxter. 
DE-NOM'IN-I-TOR, n. 1. He who gives a name.— 2. In 
arithmetic, that number placed below the fine in vulgar 
fractions which shows into how many parts the integer is 
divided. 
DE-NoT'A-BLE, a. That may be denoted or marked. 
DEN'O-TaTE. See Denote. 

DEN-O-Ta'TION, n. [L. denotation The act of denoting.— 
Hammond. 

DE-NoTA-TlVE, a. Having power to denote. 

DE-NoTE', v. t. [L. denoto.] To signify by some mark or 
indication ; as, the dove denotes innocence ; a quick pulse 
denotes fever. — Syn. To indicate ; express ; show ; betok- 
en ; imply. 

DE-NoT'ED, pp. Marked; signified; indicated. 

DE-NoTE'MENT, n. Sign ; indication.—- Shak. 

DE-NoTING, ppr. Marking ; expressing ; indicating. 

DE-NdUE'MENT (deL-noo'm&ng), n. [Fr.] The unraveling 
or development of the plot of a play or novel ; or, in a 
more general sense, the development of any series ot 
events. 

DE-NOUNCE' (de-nouns'), v. t. [Fr. denouncer.] 1. To de- 
clare solemnly ; to proclaim in a threatening manner ; to 
announce or declare, as a threat ; as, to denounce destruc- 
tion. 2. To threaten by some outward sign or expres 
sion ; as, " his look denounced vengeance.'" — Miiton. 3. To 
inform against; to accuse; as, to denounce as a traitor. 

DE-NOUNC'£D (de-nounsf), pp. 1. Threatened by open 
declaration. 2. Accused ; proclaimed. 

DE-NOUNCE'MENT (de-nouns'ment), n. The declaration 
of a menace, or of evil ; denunciation. 

DE-NOUNC'ER, n. One who denounces, or declares a men 
ace. 

DE-NOUNC'ING. ppr. Declaring, as a threat ; threatening , 
accusing. 

DE NO'VO. [L.] Anew; again. 

DENSE (dens), a. [L. densus ; Fr. dense.] 1. Close; com- 
pact ; having its constituent parts closely united ; [applied 
to solids or fluids.] 2. Thick; as, a dense fog. 

DENSE'LY. adv. With great compactness ; in a dense man- 
ner. 

DENSE'NESS (dens'nes), n. The same as density. 

DENS'I-TY, n. [L. densitas.] 1. Closeness of constituent 
parts ; compactness. 2. Thickness^ 

DENT, n. 1. Literally, a tooth or projecting point. Bu' it 
is used to express a gap, notch, or small hollow made iy 
the pressure of a harder body on a softer ; indentation ; 
as, " the dent of the French swords." — Hall. — Rich. Diet. 
In this sense it is in customary use in the United States. 
2. A stroke. — Spenser. 

DENT, v. t. To make a dent or small hollow. See Indent. 

DENT'AL, a. [L. dentalis.] Pertaining to the teeth ; as, dent- 
al surgery. — In grammar, formed or pronounced by the 
teeth, with the aid of the tongue. 

DENT'AL, n. 1. An articulation or letter formed by placing 
the end of the tongue against the upper teeth, or against 
the gum that covers the root of the upper teeth. 2. A 
genus of shell-fish, dentalium, of several species. 

DENT'AL-TTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus dentalium. 

DENTATE, \a. [L. dentatus.] Toothed. Inbotany,hav 

DENT'a-TED, J ing sharp teeth, with concave edges. A 
dentated root is a fleshy, branched root, having tooth-like 
prolongations. 

DENTATE-SIN'U-ATE, a. A term denoting a form inter 
mediate between dentate and sinuate. 

DENTED, a. Indented ; impressed with little hollows. 

DEN-TEL'Ll, n. pi. [It. dentello.] Modillions.— Spectator. 

DENTI-CLE (dent'e-kl), n. [L. denticulus.] A small tooth 
or projecting point.— Lee. 

DEN-TICU-LATE. \a. [L. denticulatus.] Having small 

DEN-TICH-La-TED, J teeth. 

DEI^TICU-LATE-LY, adv. In a denticulate manner. 

DEN-TIC-U-LI'TION, n, The state of being set with small 
teeth. 

DENT'I-FORM, a. [L. dens and forma.] Having the form of 
a tooth.— Kirwan. 

DENT'l-FRlCE, n. [Fr.] A powder or other substance to 
be used in cleaning the teeth. 

DENTIL, n. [L. dens.] In architecture, an ornament in 
cornices bearing some resemblance to teeth ; used par- 
ticularly in the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders. 

DENTING. See Indenting. 

DEN-TI-ROS'TRAL, a. [L. dens and rostrum.] Having a 
toothed bill ; applied to a group of insessorial birds, hav- 
ing the bill conspicuously notched, and feeding chiefly oa 
insects, as the shrikes and thrushes. — Sioainson 

DENTIST, 72. One whose occupation is to clean and ex- 
tract teeth, or repair them when diseased. 

DENT'IST-RY, n. The business or employment of a dentist. 

DEN-Tl"TION, n. [L. dentitio.] 1. The breeding or cutting 
of teeth in infancy. 2. The time of breeding teeth. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this.' t Obsolete 



DEP 



280 



DEP 



uEN TfZE, v. t. or i. [L. dens.] To renew the teeth, or have 
them' renewed. 

DENT1Z.ED, pp. Having the teeth renewed. 
DENT'lZ-ING, ppr. Renewing the teeth. 
DE-NuD'aTE, > v. t. [L. denudo.] To remove all covering ; 
DE-NuDE', 3 to make bare or naked. — Syn. To strip ; 

divest ; lay bare ; uncover ; dismantle. 
DE-NU-DXTION, n. 1. The act of stripping off covering ; a 
making bare. — 2. In geology, the act of washing away the 
surface of the earth so as to lay bare the inferior strata ; 
the strata thus laid bare. 
DE-NuD'ED, pp. Stripped; divested of covering ; laid bare. 
DE-NuD'ING, ppr. Stripping off covering ; making bare. 
DE-NUN'CIaTE (-shate), v. t. [L. denuncio.] To denounce, 
which see.— Burke. 

DE-NUN-CI-aTION, n. [L. denunciation Solemn or formal 
declaration, accompanied with a menace ; or the declara- 
tion of intended evil ; proclamation of a threat ; a public 
menace. 

DE-NUN'CI-I-TOR, n. 1. He who denounces ; one who 
publishes or proclaims, especially intended evil ; one who 
threatens. 2. An accuser ; one who informs against an- 
other. 

DE-NUN'CI-A-TO-RY, a. Characterized by denunciation. 

DE-Nf ', v. t. [Fr. denier.] 1. To declare a statement or po- 
sition not to be true. 2. To refuse to grant ; as, to deny a 
request. 3. Not to afford ; to withhold ; as, to deny aid. 
4. To disown ; to refuse or neglect to acknowledge ; not 
to confess ; as, to deny one's master. 5. To reject ; to dis- 
own; not to receive or embrace. 6. Not to afford or 
yield. — To deny one's self, is to decline the gratification of 
appetites or desires ; to refrain from ; to abstain.— Syn. 
To contradict ; gainsay ; disallow ; disavow ; disclaim ; re- 
nounce ; abjure. 

DE-OB-STRUer, v. t. [L. de and obstruo.] To remove ob- 
structions or impediments to a passage ; to clear from any 
thing that hinders the passage of fluids in the proper ducts 
of the body. 

DE-OB-STRUCTED, pp. Cleared of obstructions ; opened. 

DE-OB-STRUCT'ING, ppr. Removing impediments to a 
passage. 

DE-OB'STRU-ENT, a. Removing obstructions ; having pow- 
er to clear or open the natural ducts of the fluids and se- 
cretions of the body ; resolving viscidities ; aperient. 

DE-OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any medicine which removes ob- 
structions, and opens the natural passages of the fluids of 
the body, as the pores and lacteal vessels ; an aperient. 

DE'O-DAND, n. [L. Deo dandus.} 1. In England, a person- 
al chattel which is the immediate occasion of the death of 
a rational creature, and, for that reason, given to God, that 
is, forfeited to the king, to be applied to pious uses, and 
distributed in alms by his high almoner. Blackstone.—2. 
In popular usage, a fine imposed by way of commutation 
for the thing thus forfeited.— [Eng.] 

I DE-ON'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. deonero.] To unload. 

DE-ON-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 5eov and \oyog.] The science 
which relates to duty or moral obligation.— Bentham. 

DE-OP'PI-LaTE, v. t. [L. de and oppilo.] To free from ob- 
structions j to clear a passage. [Little used.} 

DE-OP-PI-La'TION, n. The removal of obstructions.— 
Brown. [Little used.] 

DE-OP'PI-LA-TfVE. a. Deobstruent ; aperient.— Harvey. 

f DE-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. [L. de and ordinatio.] Disorder. 
— Rawley. 

fDE-OS'€U-LATE, v.t. [L. deosculor.] To kiss. 

t DE-OS-€U : La'TION, n. A kissing.— Stillingfleet. 

DE-OX'Y-DaTE, v. t. [de and oxydate.] To deprive of oxy- 
gen, or reduce from the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OXY-DI-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OX'Y-Di-TING, ppr. or a. Reducing from the state of 
an oxyd. 

DE-OX-Y-DXTION, n. The act or process of reducing 
from the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OX- Y-DI-Za'TION, it. Deoxydation. 

DE-OX'Y-DiZE, v. t. To deoxydate. 

DE-OXT-DIZ.ED, pp. Deoxydated. 

DE-OX'Y-DIZ-ING, ppr. Deoxydating. 

DE-OXT-GEN-aTE, v. t. To deprive of oxygen.— Davy. 

DE-OX Y-GEN-I-TED, pp. Deprived of oxygen. 

DE-OXY-GEN-I-TING, ppr. Depriving of oxygen. 

DE-OX-Y-GEN-a'TION, n. The act or operation of depriv- 
ing jpf oxygen. 

DE-PaINT, v. t. [Fr. depeindre, depeint.] 1. To paint; to 
picture ; to represent in colors, as by painting the resem- 
blance of.— Spenser. 2. To describe in words. — Gay. 

DE-PaINT'ED, pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; de- 
scribed. 

DE-PUNTER, n. A painter.— Douglas. 

DE-PaINT'ING, ppr. Painting ; representing in colors ; de- 
scribing. 

DE-PIRT, v. i. [Fr. departir.] 1. To leave, go, or part from ; 
as, to depart from one's country or one's principles ; the 
glory has departed from our land. 2. To leave the world ; 



to die ; as, "nowlettest thou thy servant depart in peace. 
To depart this life, is elliptical, from being understood. 3 
To vary ; to deviate from the title or defense in pleading. 
4. To part with. Shak. ; [not in use.] — To depart from 
God, is to forsake his service, and live in sua ; to apos- 
tatize ; to revolt ; to desert his government and laws.— 
God departs from men, when he abandons them to theii 
own sinful inclinations. — Syn. To leave ; forsake ; desist 
from ; desert ; abandon ; apostatize ; deviate ; vary from , 
decease ; die. 

t DE-PaRT, v. t. To divide or separate ; to part.— Shak. 

t DE-PaRT, n. 1. The act of going away ; death —Shak. 

2. Division; separation. — Bacon. 
DE-PaRT'ED, pp. or a. Gone from ; vanished ; dead. 

t DE-PaRTER, n. One who refines metals by separation. 

DE-PXRT'ING, ppr. or a. Going from ; leaving ; desisting ; 
forsaking ; vanishing ; dying. 

DE-PIRT'ING, n. A going away ; separation —Shak. 

DE-PARTMENT, n. [Fr. departement.] 1. Literally, a sep- 
aration or division ; hence, a separate part, or portion : 
a division of territory. 2. A separate allotment or part oi 
business ; a distinct province, in which a class of duties 
are allotted to a particular person. 3. A separate station ; 
a distinct department in life. — 4. In France, the largest ter- 
ritorial division, of which there are 86 in the kingdom. 

DE-P ART-MENTAL, a. Pertaining to a department, or di- 
vision. 

DE-P aRT'URE (de-parf yur), n. 1. The act of going away , 
a moving from or leaving a place. 2. Removal from the 
present life ; death ; and hence destruction. — Ex., xxvi., 18. 

3. A forsaking some course or object ; as, a departure from 
duty. 4. A desisting from something ; as, a departure 
from a design. 5. A deviation from the title or defense in 
pleading. — 6. In navigation, the distance a ship has gone 
to the east or west of the meridian from which she de- 
parted. — Syn. Withdrawal ; relinquishment ; deviation ; 
abandonment; exit; decease; death. 

DE-PAS'CENT, a. [L. depascens.] Feeding. 

DE-PASTURE, v. t. [L. depascor.] To eat up ; to consume. 
— Spenser. 

DE-PAS'TURE, v. i. To feed ; to graze.— Blackstone. 

DE-PASTUR.ED, pp. Eaten up ; consumed by grazing. 

DE-PASTUR-ING, ppr. Feeding ; grazing ; eating up. 

DE-PAU'PER-ITE, v. t. [L. depaupero.] To make poor ; to 
impoverish ; to deprive of fertility or richness. — Arbuthnot. 

DE-PAU'PER-A-TED, pp. Impoverished ; made poor. 

DE-PAU'PER-A-TING, Impoverishing ; making poor. 

t DE-PEOTI-BLE, a. [L. depecto.] Tough ; thick. 

DE-PE€-U-La'TION, n. [L. depeculatio.] A robbing of the 
commonwealth. — Cockeram. 

f DE-PEINCT (de-pant), v. t. [L. depingo.] To paint. 

DE-PEND', v. i. [L. dependeo.] 1. To hang ; to be sustained 
by being fastened or attached to something above : with 
from ; as, " from the frozen beard long icicles depend." — 
Dryden; [rare.] 2. To be connected with any thing, as 
the cause of its existence or of its operation and effects ; 
to rely on ; to have such connection with any thing as a 
cause, that, without it, the effect would not be produced ; 
as, we depend on food for life. 3. To adhere ; to hold to ; 
to be retained. 4. To be in suspense ; to be undetermined, 
as a cause depending in court. — Bacon ; [pending is now 
used.] — To depend on, or upon, to rely ; to rest with confi- 
dence ; to trust ; to confide ; to have full confidence in. 

t DE-PENDA-BLE, a. That may be depended on.— Pope. 

DE-PEND'ENCE, > n. LA state of hanging down from a 

DE-PEND'EN-CY, 5 supporter. 2. Any thing hanging 
down ; a series of things hanging to another. 3. Concat- 
enation ; connection by which one thing is sustained by 
another, in its place, operations, or effects, or is affected 
by it. 4. A state of being at the disposal of another ; a 
state of being subject to the will of an intelligent cause, or 
to the power and operation of any other cause ; inability 
to sustain itself without the aid of. 5. Reliance ; confi- 
dence ; trust ; a resting on. 6. Accident ; that of which 
the existence presupposes the existence of something 
else ; that which pertains to something else. 7. That which 
is attached to, but subordinate to something else. — 8. A 
dependency, a territory remote from the kingdom or state 
to winch it belongs, but subject to its dominion. 

DE-PEND'ENT, a. 1. Hanging down. 2. Subject to the 
power of; at the disposal of; not able to exist or sustain 
itself without the will or power of. 3. Relying on for sup 
port or favor ; unable to subsist or to perform any thing 
without the aid of. 

DE-PEND'ENT, n. One who is at the disposal of another ; 
one who is sustained by another, or who relies on anothei 
for support or favor ; a retainer. 

DE-PEND'ENT-LY, adv. In a dependent manner. 

DE-PEND'ER. n. One who depends ; a dependent. 

DE-PEND'ING, ppr. 1. Hanging down ; relying. 2. a. Pend- 
ing; undecided. 

DE-PER'DIT, a. [L. deperditus.] That which is lost or d» 
stroyed. — Paley. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



DEP 



281 



DEP 



DEP-ER-Di'TION (-dishun), n. Loss ; destruction.— Brovm. 

DE-PER'DIT-LY. adv. In a lost or ruined manner. 

DE-PHLEG'MXTE, v. t. [de, and Gr. <p\ty m .] To deprive 
of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation ; 
to clear spirit or acids of aqueous matter ; to rectify. [De- 
phlegm' is used by Boyle.'] 

DE-PHLEG'M1-TED, pp. or a. Freed from mixture ; con- 
centrated ; purified. 

DE-PHLEG-MI'TION, n. The operation of separating wa- 
ter from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated dis- 
tillation. 

I DE-PHLEGM'ED-NESS (de-flem'ed-nes), n. A state of 
being freed from water. — Boyle. 

DE-PHLO-GIS'TI-€ITE, v. t. [de, and Gr. <p\oyioTos.] To 
deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflam- 
mability. 

DE-PHLO-GISTI-CI-TED, pp. or a. Deprived of phlogis- 
ton. Oxygen was called by Dr. Priestley dephlogisticated 
air. 

DE-PHLO-GIS'TI-Ci-TLNG, ppr. Depriving of phlogiston. 

DE-PICT, v. t. [L. depingo, depictum.] 1. To form a likeness 
in colors. 2. To represent in words. — Syn. To deline- 
ate ; paint : sketch : portray ; describe ; represent 

DE-PI€T'ED. pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; described. 

DE-PICT'ING, ppr. Painting; representing in colors, or in 
words. 

DE-PI€'TION, n. A painting or depicting. 

DE-PIG'TURE (de-pikfyur). v. t. To paint ; to picture ; to 
represent in colors. See Deptct. 

DEP'IL-aTE, v. t. [L. depilo.] To strip of hair. 

DEP'IL- a-TED, pp. Deprived of hair. 

DEP'IL-I-TING. ppr. Depriving of hair. 

DEP-IL-XTION, n. The act of pulling off the hair. 
DE-PILA-TO-RY, a. Having the quality or power to take 
off" hair and make bald. 

DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, n. Any application which is used to 
take oif the hair of an animal body, such as lime, &c. 

DEP'IL-OUS, a. Without hair.— Brown. 

DE-PLANT-A'TION, n. [L. deplanto.} The act of taking up 
plants from beds. 

DE-PLe'TION, n. [L. depleo.] The act of emptying ; partic- 
ularly, in the medical art, the act of diminishing the quan- 
tity of blood in the vessels by venesection ; blood-letting. 

DE-PLK'TO-RY, a. Calculated to obviate fullness of habit 

DEP-LI-€aTION, n. [L. de and plica. \ An unfolding, un- 
twisting, or unplaiting. — Montague. 

DE-PLoRA-BLE, a. 1. That may be deplored or lament- 
ed ; that demands or causes lamentation. Deplorate, in a 
like sense, is not used. — 2. In popular use, that is greatly 
to be despised; as, deplorable stupidity. — Syn. Lamenta- 
ble ; sad ; dismal ; wretched ; calamitous ; grievous ; mis- 
erable ; hopeless ; contemptible ; pitiable ; low. 

DE-PLoRA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being deplorable ; 
misery ; wretchedness ; a miserable state. 

DE-PL5RA-BLY, adv. In a manner to be deplored ; lam- 
entably; miserably; pitiably; despicably. 

DEP-LO-Ra'TION, 72. The act of lamenting.— In music, a 
dirgeor mournful strain. 

DE-PLoRE', v. t. [L. deploro.] To feel or express deep and 
poignant grief for. — Syn. To bewail ; lament; mourn; be- 
moan. 

DE-PLoR'ED (de-plord'), pp. Lamented; bewailed; deep- 
ly regretted. 

fDE-PLoR'ED-LY, adv. Lamentably.— Taylor. 

t DE-PLoRE'MENT. n. A weeding ; a lamenting. 

DE-PLoR'ER, n. One who deplores or deeply laments ; a 
deep mourner. 

DE-PLoR'ING, ppr. Bewailing; deeply lamenting. 

DE-PLoRTNG, n. Act of deploring. 

DE-PLoR'LNG-LY, ado. In a deploring manner. 

DE-PLOY v. i "Ft. deployer.] To display ; to open ; to ex- 
tend. Thus, a column is said to deploy when the front 
spreads out on each side, as is commonly done in making 
an attack. 

DE-PLOY', v. i. To open ; to extend ; to form a more ex- 
tended front or line. 

DE-PLOYED, pp. Opened; displayed; extended. 

DE-PLOYING, ppr. Opening ; extending ; displaying. 

DEP-LU-Ma'TION, n. 1. The stripping or falling off of 
plumes or feathers. 2. A tumor of the eyelids, with loss 
of hair. 

DE-PLuME', v. t. [L. deplume] To strip orpluck off feath- 
ers: to deprive of plumage. 

DE-PLrM'ED (de-plumd')" pp. Stripped of feathers or 
plumes. 

DE-PLuMTNG. ppr. Stripping off plumes or feathers. 

DE-Po-LAR-I-Za'TION, n. The act of depriving of polar- 
ity, as the rays of light — Francis. 

DE-Po'LAR-lZE, v. L-- To deprive of polarity. 

tDE-P5NE', r. t. [L. depono.] 1. To lay do%vn as a pledge ; 
to wage. — Hudibras ; [obs.] 2. To testify under oath. — 
State trials. In Scotland the word is used in this sense. 
Depose is used in England. — Rich. Diet. 



DE-Po'NENT, a. [L. deponens.] 1. Laying down.— 2. 
ponent verb, in the Latin grammar, is a verb which 



Ada. 
grammar, is a verb which has a 
passive termination, with an active signification. 

DE-Po'NENT, n. 1. One who deposes, or gives a deposition 
under oath ; one who gives written testimony to be used 
as evidence_in a court of justice. 2. A deponent verb. 

DE-POPTEJ-LaTE, v. t. [L. depopulor.] To dispeople ; to \m- 
people ; to deprive of inhabitants. 

DE-POP'U-LITE, v. i. To become dispeopled. 

DE-POP'U-La-TED, pp. or a. Dispeopled; deprived of in- 
habitants. 

DE-POP'U-La-TLNG, ppr. Dispeopling; depriving of inhab- 
itants. 

DE-POP-U-LXTION, n. The act of dispeopling ; destruc- 
tion or expiilsion of inhabitants. 

DE-POP'U-La-TOR, n. One who depopulates; one who 
destroys or expels the inhabitants of a city, town, or coun- 
try^ a dispeopler. 

DE-PoRT, v. t. [Fr. deporter.] 1. With the reciprocal pro- 
noun, to carry ; to demean ; to behave ; to conduct. — Bar- 
row ; [little used.] 2. To transport ; to carry away, or 
from one country to another ; as, " the deported house of 
Saxe." — Rich. Diet. 

DE-PoRT, n. Behavior; carriage; demeanor; deportment 
— Milton. [A poetic word.] 

DEP-OR-Ti'TION, n. A carrying away ; a removal from 
one country to another, or to a distant place ; exile ; ban 
ishment. — In France, a punishment corresponding to trans- 
portation in England. 

DE-PoRTED, pp. Carried away ; transported ; banished. 

DE-PORTING, ppr. Carrying away ; removing to a distant 
place or country ; transporting ; banishing. 

DE-PoRTMENT, n. [Fr. deportement.] Manner of acting in 
relation to the duties of life. — Syn. Carriage ; behavior ; 
conduct; management. 

DE-PoSA-BLE, a. That may be deposed, or deprived of 
office. — Howell. 

DE-PoSAL, n. The act of deposing, or divesting of office. 
— Fox. 

DE-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. deposer.] 1. To lay down ; to throw ; 
to let fall ; [obs., deposit being now used.] 2. To reduce 
from a throne or other high station ; to divest of office. 
3. To put under oath as an evidence. — Shak. ; [obs.] 4. 
To lay aside. — Barrow. 5. To take away ; to strip ; to 
divest. — Shak. ; [not in use.] 6. To examine on oath. — 
Shak. ; [not in use.] — Syn. To dethrone ; degrade ; re- 
duce ; bring down. 

DE-PoSE', v.l. To give testimony in writing, according to 
due form of law; to make statements, and answer inter- 
rogatories, intended as evidence in a court of justice. 

DE-PoSED' (de-pozd), pp. or a. Dethroned; degraded; 
testified. 

DE-PoS'ER, n. One who deposes or degrades from office. 

DE-PoS'ING, ppr. Dethroning ; degrading ; bearing wit- 
ness. 

DE-P5STNG, n. The act of dethroning. — Selden. 

DE-POS'IT, v. t. [L. depositum.] 1. To lay down; to lay; 
to throw down ; as, the ostrich deposits her eggs in the 
sand. 2. To lay up ; to lay in a place for preservation ; 
as, to deposit grain in store-houses. 3. To lodge in the 
hands of a person for safe-keeping or other purpose ; to 
commit to the care of; to intrust; to commit to one as a 
pledge ; as, to deposit money in a bank. 4. To lay aside ; 
[little used.] 

DE-POSIT, n. 1. That which is laid or thrown down ; any 
matter laid or thrown down, or lodged. Kirwan. — 2. Any 
thing intrusted to the care of another ; a pledge ; a pawn ; 
a thing given as security, or for preservation. 3. A place 
where" things are deposited ; a depository. 4. [Fr. depot.] 
A city or town where goods are lodged for safe-keeping or 
for re-shipment. — In deposit, in a state of pledge, or for 
safe-keeping. 

DE-POS'IT- A-RY, n. [Fr. depositaire.] A person with whom 
any thing is left or lodged in trust ; one to whom a thing 
is committed for safe-keeping, or to be used for the benefit 
of the owner ; a trustee ; a guardian. 

DE-POS'IT-ED, pp. or a. Laid" down ; put away ; intrusted. 

DE-POS1T-ING, ppr. Laying down ; pledging ; repositing. 

DEP-O-SlTION (dep-o-zish'un), n. [L. depositioA 1. The act 
of laying or throwing down. 2. That which is thrown 
down ; that which is lodged. 3. The act of giving written 
testimony under oath. 4. The attested written testimony 
of a witness ; an affidavit 5. The act of dethroning a king, 
or the degrading of a person from an office or station ; a 
divesting of sovereignty, or of office and dignity ; a depriv- 
ing of clerical orders. 

DE POS'IT-OR, 72. One who makes a deposit 

DE-POS'IT-O-RY, 72. A place where any thing is lodged for 
safe-keeping. 

DE-POS'IT-UM,72. [L.] A deposit. [Not English, nor in use.] 

DE-P5T' (de-po'), 72. [Fr.] A place of deposit. Hence, 1. In 
military affairs, a place where stores and provisions are 
kept and where recruits are trained. 2. A building for 



Dt VE ,— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



M 



■■ 



DEP 



282 



DEP 



the reception of passengers, &,c, at the termination of a 
rail-road. 

DEP-RA-VITION, n. [L. depravatio.] 1. The act of making 
bad or worse ; the act of corrupting. 2. The state of being 
made bad or worse ; a state in which good qualities are 
lost or impaired. 3. Censure ; defamation. — Shak. ; [not 
used.] — Syn. Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; con- 
tamination ; vitiation. 

DE-PRIVE', v. t. [L. depravo.] 1. To make bad or worse ; 
to impair good qualities ; to make bad qualities worse. 2. 
to defame ; to vilify. — Shak. ; [not used.] — Syn. To cor- 
rupt; vitiaje ; contaminate; pollute. 

DE-PRl V'ED (de-pravd'), pp. 1. Made bad or worse ; taint- 
ed; corrupted. 2. a. Destitute of holiness or good prin- 
ciples.— Syn. Corrupt; vicious; vitiated; profligate; aban- 
doned. 

DE-PRa V'ED-LY, adv. In a corrupt manner. 

DE-PR1 V'ED-NESS, n. Corruption ; taint ; a vitiated state. 
— Hammond. 

DE-PR aVE'MENT, n. A vitiated state.— Brown. 

DE-PRaV'ER. n. A corrupter ; he who vitiates ; a vilifier. 

DE-PRaV'ING, ppr. Making bad ; corrupting. 

\ DE-PRa V'ING, n. A corrupting; a traducing. 

DE-PRIVTNG-LY, adv. In a depraving manner. 

DE-PRAV'I-TY, n. 1. A vitiated state. 2. A vitiated state 
of the heart ; corruption of moral principles ; destitution 
of holiness or good principles. — Syn. Corruption; vitia- 
tion ; wickedness ; vice ; contamination ; degeneracy. 

f DEP'RE-€ A-BLE, a. That is to be deprecated. 

DEP'RE-€aTE, v. t. [L. deprecor.] 1. To pray against; to 
pray or entreat that a present evil may be removed, or an 
expected one averted. 2. More generally, to regret ; to 
have or to express deep sorrow at a present evil, or at 
one that may occur. 3. To implore mercy of. — Prior ; 
[improper.] 

DEP'RE-€a-TED, pp. Prayed against ; deeply regretted. 

DEP'RE-Ca-TING, ppr. Praying against ; regretting. 

DEP-RE-C A'TION, n. 1. A praying against ; a praying that 
an evil may be removed or prevented. 2. Entreaty ; pe- 
titioning ; an excusing ; a begging pardon for. 

DEP'RE-Ca-TING-LY, adv. By deprecation.— Marryatt. 

DEP'RE-€I-TOR, n. One who deprecates. 

DEP'RE-€A-TO-RY, \ a. 1. That serves to deprecate.; tend- 

DEPTEtE-C A-TI VE, $ ing to remove or avert evil by pray- 
er. 2. Having the form of prayer. 

DE-PRe'CIaTE, v. t. [Low L. depretio.] 1. To lessen the 
price of a thing ; to cry down the price or value. 2. To 
undervalue ; to represent as of little value or merit, or of 
less value than is commonly supposed; as, to depreciate 
the merits of a rival. 3. To lower the value. — Syn. To 
disparage ; traduce ; decry ; lower ; detract ; underrate. 

DE-PRe'CIaTE, v. i. To fall in value ; to become of less 
worth. 

DE-PRe'CIa-TED, pp. or a. Lessened in value or price ; 
undervalued. 

DE-PRe'CIa-TING, ppr. 1. Lessening the price or worth ; 
undervaluing. 2. Falling in value. 

DE-PRE-CI-a'TION (de-pre-she-a'shun), n. 1. The act of 
lessening or crying down price or value. 2. The falling 
of value ; reduction of worth. 

DE-PRe'CIA-TIVE, a. Undervaluing. 

DEP'RE-D ITE, v. t. [L. deprcedor.] 1. To plunder ; to rob ; 
to pillage ; to take the property of an enemy or of a for- 
eign country by force. 2. To prey upon; to waste; to 
spoil. 3._ To devour ; to destroy by eating. 

DEP'RE-DaTE, v. i. To take plunder or prey ; to commit 



DEP'RE-Da-TED, pp. Spoiled ; plundered ; wasted ; pil- 
laged. 

DEP'RE-Da-TING, ppr. Plundering; robbing; pillaging. 

DEP-RE-D A'TION, n. 1. The act of plundering ; a robbing ; 
a pillaging. 2. Waste ; consumption ; a taking away by 
any act of violence ; as, the depredations of disease. 

DEP'RE-DI-TOR, n. One who plunders or pillages ; a 
spoiler ; a waster. 

DEP'RE-DA-TO-RY, a. Plundering ; spoiling ; consisting in 
pillaging. 

DEP-RE-HEND', v. t. [L. deprehendo.] 1. To catch ; to take 
unawares or by surprise ; to seize, as a person committing 
an unlawful act. 2. To detect ; to discover ; to obtain the 
knowledge of. [Deprehend and its derivatives are little 
used.] 

t DEP-RE-HEND', v. i. To d^cover. 

DEP-RE-HEND'ED, pp. Taken by surprise ; caught ; seiz- 
ed; discovered. 

DEP-RE-HEND'ING,#pr. Taking unawares ; catching; seiz- 
ing ; discovering. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be caught or discovered. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n Capableness of being caught 
or discovered. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SION, n. A catching or seizing ; a discovery. 

DE-PRESS', v. t. [L. depressus.] 1. To press down ; to press 
to a lower state or position. 2. To let fall ; to bring down ; 



3. To render dull or languid ; 
to depress trade. 4. To bring 



Deprimen-s 



taking 



as, to depress the eyelids, 
to limit or diminish ; as 

down in feeling ; to make sad ; as, to depress the mind. 5. 
To bring down in condition or station ; as, to depress the 
proud. 6. To sink in altitude ; to cause to appear lower 
or nearer the horizon. 7. To impoverish; to lower in 
temporal estate. 8. To lower in value ; as, to depress the 
price of goods. — Syn. To sink; lower; abase; cast down; 
deject ; humble ; degrade ; dispirit. 

DE-PRESSED' (de-presf), pp. or a. 1. Pressed or forced 
down ; lowered ; dejected ; dispirited ; sad ; humbled ; 
sunk ; rendered languid. — 2. In botany, a depressed leaf is 
hollow hi the middle, or has the disk more depressed 
than the sides. 

DE-PRESS'ING, ppr. or a. Pressing down ; lowering in 
place ; letting fall ; sinking ; dejecting ; abasing ; impov- 
erishing ; rendering languid. 

DE-PRESS'ING-LY, adv. In a depressing manner. 

DE-PRES'SION (de-presh'un), n. 1. The act of pressing 
down ; or the state of being pressed down ; a low state. 

2. A hollow ; a sinking or falling in of a surface ; or a forc- 
ing inward. 3. The act of humbling. 4. A sinking of 
the spirits ; a state of sadness ; want of courage or anima- 
tion. 5. A low state of strength ; a state of body succeed- 
ing debility in the formation of disease. 6. A low state 
of business or of property. — 7. In astronomy, the angular 
distance of a celestial object below the horizon. Depres- 
sion of the pole is its angular approach to the horizon, as 
the spectator recedes from the pole toward the equator. — 
8. In algebra, the depression of an equation is the reduction 
of the equation to one of lower dimensions. — Syn. Abase- 
ment ; reduction ; sinking ; fall ; humiliation ; dejection ; 
melancholy. 

DE-PRESS'lVE, a. Able or tending to depress or cast down. 

DE-PRESS'OR, n. 1. He that presses down ; an oppressor. 
— 2. In anatomy, a muscle that depresses or draws down 
the part to which it is attached. 

DEP'RI-MENT, n. |L. deprimo.] Depression, 
is applied to a muscle which depresses. 

DE-PRlV'A-BLE, a. That may be deprived. 

DEP-RI-VI'TION, n. 1. The act of depriving 

away. 2. A state of being deprived ; loss ; want ; be- 
reavement by loss of friends or of goods. — 3. In law, the 
act of divesting a bishop or other clergyman of his spirit- 
ual promotion or dignity ; the taking away of a prefer 
ment; deposition. 

DE-PRlVE', v. t. [L. de and privo.] 1. To take from ; to 
take away something possessed or enjoyed ; as, to deprive 
of one's rights. 2. To hinder from possessing or enjoy- 
ing ; as, " deprived of his blessed countenance." — Milton. 

3. To free or release from ; [obs.] 4. To divest of an ec- 
clesiastical preferment, dignity, or office ; to divest of or- 
ders. — Syn. To strip ; bereave ; rob ; despoil ; debar ; 
abridge ; divest. 

DE-PRlVED' (de-privdO, pp. Bereft; divested; hindered; 
stripped of office or dignity ; deposed ; degraded. 

DE-PRIVE'MENT, n. The state of losing or being deprived. 

DE-PRl V'ER, n. He or that which deprives or bereaves 

DE-PRl V'ING, ppr. Bereaving; taking away what is pos 
sessed ; divesting ; hindering from enjoying ; deposing. 

DEPTH, n. 1. Deepness ; the distance or measure of a 
thing from the surface to the bottom, or to the extreme 
part downward or inward. 2. A deep place. 3. The sea. 
the ocean. 4. The abyss ; a gulf of infinite profundity. 
5. The middle or height of a season ; as, the depth of win- 
ter; or the middle, the darkest or stillest part; as, the 
depth of night ; or the inner part, a part remote from the 
border ; as, the depth of a wood. 6. Abstruseness ; ob- 
scurity ; that which is not easily explored ; as, the depths 
of metaphysics. 7. Unsearchableness ; infinity ; as, the 
depth of the Divine wisdom. 8. The breadth and depth of 
the love of Christ are its vast extent. 9. Profoundness ; 
extent of penetration, or of the capacity of penetrating , 
as, depth of understanding. — 10. The depth of a squadron 
or battalion is the number of men in a file, which forms 
the extent from the front to the rear. — 11. Depth of a sail, 
the extent of the square sails from the head-rope to the 
foot-rope, or the length of the after-leech of a stay-sail or a 
boom-sail. 

t DEPTH EN, v. t. To deepen.— Vict. 

DEPTH'LESS. a. Having no depth.— Coleridge. 

t DE-Pu'CE-L aTE, v. t. To deflour ; to bereave of virginity. 

t DE-PULSE', v. t. To drive away.— Cockeram. 

DE-PULSED' (de-pulsf), pp. Driven away. 

DE-PUL'SION (-shun), n. [L. depulsio.] A driving or thrust- 
ing away. See Repulsion. 

DE-PUL'SO-RY, a. Driving or thrusting away ; averting. 

DEP'U-RaTE, v. t. [Fr. depurer.] To purify ; to free from 
impurities, heterogeneous matter, or feculence. 

DEP'U-RATE, a. Cleansed; pure; not contaminated. - 
Glanville. 

DEP'U-RI-TED, pp. or a. Purified from heterogeneous mat- 
ter, or from impurities. — Burke. 



See Synopsis. I, E, T, &c„ long.— I, fi, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BOOK, 



DER 



283 



DER 



DEP'U-Ra-TING, ppr. Purifying; freeing from impurities. 

PEP-U-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of purifying or freeing flu- 
iris from heterogeneous matter. 2. The cleansing of a 
wound from impure matter. 

DEP'U-RA-TO-RY, a. Cleansing ; purifying ; or tending to 
purify. — Sydenham. 

fDE-PuRE', v. t. To depurate. 

DEP-U-RI"T10N, n. The removal of impurities in the hu- 
mors of the body ; the clarification of a liquid. — Gilbert. 

DEP-U-TX'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of appointing a sub- 
stitute or representative to act for another ; the act of ap- 
pointing and sending a deputy or substitute to transact 
business for another, as his agent. 2. A special commis- 
sion or authority to act as the substitute of another. 3. 
The person deputed ; the person or persons authorized 
and sent to transact business for another. 

OE-PuTE', v. t. [Fr. deputer.] To appoint as a substitute or 
agent to act for another ; to appoint and send with a spe- 
cial commission or authority to transact business in anoth- 
er's name. 

DE-PCT'ED, pp. or a. Appointed as a substitute ; appoint- 
ed and sent with special authority to act for another. 

DE-PuT'ING, JW- Appointing as a substitute ; appointing 
and sending with a special commission to transact busi- 
ness for another. 

DEP'U-TlZE, v. t. To appoint a deputy ; to empower to act 
for another, as a sheriff. [Not used in England, and very 
little in America,] 

DEP'U-TY, n. [Fr. depute.] 1. A person appointed or elect- 
ed to act for another, especially a person sent with a spe- 
cial commission to act in the place of another ; a lieuten- 
ant ; a viceroy. — 2. In law, one who exercises an office in 
another's right, and the forfeiture or misdemeanor of such 
deputy shall cause the person he represents to lose his of- 
fice. — Syn. Substitute ; representative ; legate ; delegate ; 
envoy; asjent; factor. 

DEP'U-TY-€OL-LE€T'OR n. A person appointed to per- 
form the duties of a collector of the customs, in place of 
the collector. 

DEP'U-TY-MaR'SHAL, n. One appointed to act in the 
place of the marshal. 

DEP'U-TY-PoSTMaS-TER, n. A person who is appoint- 
ed to act as postmaster, in subordination to the postmas- 
ter-seneral. 

DEP'U-TY-SHER'IFF, n. A person deputed or authorized 
to perform the duties of the sheriff, as his substitute. In like 
manner, we use deputy-commissary, deputy-paymaster, &c. 

(■DE-QUAN'TI-TaTE, v. t. To diminish the quantity of.— 
Brown. 

DER, prefixed to names of places, may be from Sax. deor, 
a wild beast, or from dur, water. 

DE-RAC'I-NaTE, v. t. [Fr. deraciner.] To pluck up by the 
roots; to extirpate. — Shak. ; [little used.] 

DE-RAC'I-NI-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extir- 
pated. 

DE-RAC'I-Na-TING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; extir- 
pating. 

DE-RAC-I-Na'TION, n. The act of pulling up by the roots. 
— Maunder. 

f DE-RaIGN', )v. t. [Norm, derener, dereigner.] To prove; 

fDE-llAlN', 5 to justify; to vindicate, as an* assertion; to 
clear one's self. 

DE-RaIGN'MENT, ) n. The act of deraigning ; proof; jus- 

DE-RaIN'MENT, 5 tification. 

DE-RaNgE', v. t. [Fr. deranger.] 1. To put out of order; 
to disturb the regular order of; to throw into confusion ; 
as, " a sudden fall deranges some of our internal parts." — 
Blair, Burke, Lavoisier, Trail. 2. To throw into disorder ; 
as, our business is deranged. 3. To disorder the intellect ; 
to disturb the regular operations of reason. 4. To remove 
from place or office, as the personal staff of a principal 
military officer. — W. H. Sumner; [a French sense of the 
term.] — Syn. To disorder .; embarrass ; disarrange ; dis- 
place ; unsettle ; disturb ; confuse ; discompose ; ruffle ; 
disconcert. 

DE-RaNg£D' (de-ranjd'), pp. or a. Put out of order; dis- 
turbed; embarrassed; confused; disordered in mind; 
delirious ; distracted. 

DE-RaNgE'MENT, n. 1. A putting out of order ; disturb- 
ance of regularity or regular course.— Washington. 2. 
Disorder of the intellect or reason. Palcy. — Syn. Disor- 
der ; confusion; embarrassment; irrejrularity; disturb- 
ance ; lunacy ; insanity ; madness ; delirium ; mania. 

DE-RaNgTNG, ppr. 1. Putting out of order ; disturbing 
regularity or regular course ; embarrassment; confusion. 
— Hamilton, 2. Disordering the rational powers. 

IDE-RaY', v. t. Tumult; disorder; merriment. 

DERBY SH'fRE SPAR, n. Fluor spar, or flucrid of calcium, 
found in Derbyshire, England, and wrought into beautiful 
vases and other ornaments. 
f DKRE. a. Hurtful. 
fDERE, v. t. [Sax. derian.] To hurt. 
DER'E-LI€T, a. [L. derelictus.] Left; abandoned. 



DER'E-LICT, n. 1. In law, an article of goods, or any com 
modify, thrown away, relinquished, or abandoned by the 
owner. 2. A tract of land left dry by the eea, and fit for 
cultivation or use. 

DER-E-LI€'TION, n, [L. dcrelictio.] 1. The act of leaving 
with an intention not to reclaim ; an utter forsaking. 2. 
The state of being left or abandoned. 3. A leaving or re- 
ceding from. — Syn. Abandonment; desertion; departure; 
relinquishment. 

DE-RlDE', v. t. [L. derideo.] To laugh at in contempt; to 
turn to ridicule or make sport of; to treat with scorn b} 
laughter. — Syn. To mock ; laugh at ; ridicule ; insult ; ban 
ter ;_ rally. 

DE-RlD'ED, pp. Laughed at in contempt ; mocked ; ridi- 
culed. 

DE-RID'ER, n. 1. One who laughs at another in contempt ; 
a mocker ; a scoffer. 2. A droll or buffoon. 

DE-RID'ING, ppr. Laughing at with contempt; mocking; 
ridiculing. 

DE-RlDTNG-LY, adv. By way of derision or mockery. 

DeR'ING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. [Not used.] 

DE-RIS'ION (de-rizh'un), n. [L. derisio.] 1. The act of laugh- 
ing at in contempt. 2. Contempt manifested by laughter. 
3. An object of derision or contempt ; a laughing-stock. — 
Syn. Scorn; mockery; insult; ridicule. 

DE-Rl'SiVE, a. Containing derision ; mocking ; ridiculing. 

DE-Rl'SlVE-LY, adv. With mockery or contempt. 

DE-Rl'SlVE-NESS, n. The state of being derisive. 

DE-Rl'SO-RY, a. Mocking ; ridiculing.— Shaftesbury. 

DE-RlV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be derived ; that may be 
drawn or received, as from a source. 2. That may be 
received from ancestors. 3. That may be drawn, as from 
premises ; deducible. 4. That may be drawn from a rad- 
ical word. 

DE-RlV'A-BLY, adv. By derivation. 

DER'I-VATE, n. [L. derivatus.] A word derived from an- 
other. — Stuart. 

DER'1-VaTE, v. t. [L. derivo.] To derive. 

DERI-Va-TED, pp. Derived. 

DER'I-Va-TING, ppr. Deriving. 

DER-I-Va'TION, a. [L. derivatio.] 1. The act of deriving, 
drawing, or receiving from a source. — 2. In grammar, the 
drawing or tracing of a word from its root or original. 3. 
A drawing from, or turning aside from, a natural course 
or channel. 4. A drawing of humors from one part of the 
body to another. 5. The thing derived or deduced. — 
Glanville. 

DE-RIV'A-TiVE, a. 1. Derived ; taken or having proceed- 
ed from another or something preceding; secondary. — 
2. A derivative chord, in music, is one derived from a fun 
damental chord. 

DE-RIV'A-TiVE, n. 1. That which is derived; a word 
which takes its origin in another word, or is formed from 
it. — 2. In music, a chord not fundamental. 

DE-RIV'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a derivative manner ; by der- 
ivation. 

DE-RIV'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The state of being derivative. 

DE-RlVE', v. t. [L. derivo.] 1. To draw from, as in a regu- 
lar course or channel ; to receive from a source by a reg- 
ular conveyance. 2. To draw or receive, as from a source 
or origin. 3. To deduce or draw, as from a root, or prim- 
itive word. 4. To turn from its natural course : to divert ; 
[obs.] 5. To communicate from one to another by de- 
scent ; [rare.] 6. To spread in various directions ; to 
cause to flow ; [rare.] — Syn. To trace ; deduce ; infer. 

DE-RlVE' v. i. To come or proceed from. [Not common.] 

DE-RIV.ED' (de-rivd'), pp. or a. Drawn, as from a source ; 
deduced; received; regularly conveyed ; descended; com- 
municated; transmitted. 

DE-RiV'ER, n. One who derives, or draws from a source. 

DE-Rl V'ING, ppr. Drawing ; receiving ; deducing ; com- 
municating ; diverting or turning into another channel. 

DERM, n. [Gr. Sep^a, skin.] The organized integument or 
skin which covers animal bodies. 

DERM-SKEL'E-TON, n. Literally, skin skeleton ; a term 
applied to the outward case or covering of numerous 
classes of animals, as the lobster, <tc. This covering not 
only protects the soft parts of the body, but acts as a fixed 
point of attachment for the moving power, as the internal 
skeleton does in other animals. 
DERM'AL, a. [Gr. Scpfia.] Pertaining to skin ; consisting 

of skin.— Fleming. 
DERM-AT'IC, I PprfaiTiino- fn the Rkin 

DERM'A-TINE, S S 

DERM'A-TOID, a. Like the skin, yet not skin ; dermoid. 
DERM-A-TOL'O-GIST, n. [Gr. fcpua and Xoyos.] One who 

writes on the skin, and treats of its diseases. 
DERM-A-TOL'O-G i, n. A treatise or history of the skin 

and its diseases. 
DERM'OID, a. [Gr. deppa and ei5oS.] Resembling the skin , 

dermatoid ; [a medical term.] 
t DERN, a. [Sax. dearn.] Solitary ; sad ; cruel. 

t DERN'FUL, a. Sad ; mournful. ' 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VF'CIOUS.— € as Y • G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DES 



284 



DES 



♦DER'NIER (derine-er or dern-yar'), a. [Fr.] Last; final; 
ultimate ; as, the dernier resort. 

fDERN'LY, adv. Sadly; mournfully.— More. 

DER'O-GaTE, v. t. [L. derogo.] 1. To repeal, annul, or de- 
stroy the force and etFect of some part of a law or estab- 
lished ru.e ; to lessen the extent of a law ; [rare.] 2. To 
lessen the worth of a person or thing ; to disparage ; [rare.] 

DER'O-GaTE, v. i. 1. To take away ; to detract ; to lessen 
by taking away a part : with from ; as, to derogate from a 
man's just claims. 2. To act beneath one's rank, place, or 
birth. [ Unusual.] 

DER'O-Ga-TED, pp. Diminished in value ; degraded ; dam- 
aged. [Shakspeare uses derogate in this sense.] 

DER'O-GATE-L Y, adv. In a manner to lessen or take from. 

DER'O-Ga-TING, ppr. Annulling a part ; lessening by tak- 
ing from. 

DER-O-Ga'TION. n. The act of annulling or revoking a 
law, or some part of it. More generally, the act of taking 
away or destroying the value or effect of any thing, or of 
limiting its extent, or of restraining its operation ; as, a 
derogation of the Divine law. 2. The act of taking some- 
thing from merit, reputation, or honor; a lessening of 
value or estimation ; detraction ; disparagement : with of 
or from; as, this is no derogation from his true merits. 

DE-ROG'A-TIVE, a. Derogatory. [Little used.] 

DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a detracting manner. 

DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being derogatory. 

DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Detracting or tending to lessen by 
taking something from ; that lessens the extent, effect, or 
value. 

DER'RICK, n. An instrument or contrivance for raising 
heavy weights by means of a pulley. 

tDER'RING, a. Daring.— Spenser. 

DER'VIS, \n. [Persian.] A Turkish or Persian monk, 

DER'ViSE, 5 who professes extreme poverty, and leads 
an austere life. 

DES'€ANT, n. [Sp. discante.] 1. A song or tune composed 
in parts. 2. A song or tune with various modulations. 

3. A discourse ; discussion ; disputation ; animadversion, 
comment, or a series of comments. 4. The art of com- 
posing music in several parts. — Descant is plain, figura- 
tive, and double. 

DES-CANT*, v. i. 1. To run a division or variety with the 
voice, on a musical ground in true measure ; to sing. 2. 
To discourse at large; to comment; to make a variety 
of remarks; to animadvert freely. 

DES-CANT'ER, n. One who descants. 

DES-CANTING, ppr. Singing in parts, or with various 
modulations ; discoursing freely ; commenting. 

DES-€ ANTING, n. Remark ; conjecture.— Burnet. 

DE-SCEND' (de-send'), w. i. [L. descendo.] 1. To move or pass 
from a higher to a lower place ; to move, come, or go 
downward ; as, to descend from a mountain ; to descend 
into the battle. 2. To go in ; to enter ; as, to descend into 
one's self. — Milt. 3. To rush ; to invade, as an enemy ; 
as, " The Grecian fleet descending on the town." — Pope. 

4. To proceed from a source or original ; to be derived ; 
as, descended from a noble ancestry. 5. To proceed, as 
from father to son ; to pass from a preceding possessor, 
in the order of lineage, or according to the laws of suc- 
cession or inheritance ; as, an estate descends from father 
to son. 6. To pass from general to particular considera- 
tions. 7. To come down from an elevated or honorable 
station. — 8. In music, to fall in sound ; to pass from any 
note to another less acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat. 

DE-SCEND', v. t. To walk, move, or pass downward on a 
declivity. 

DE-SCEND'ANT, n. [Fr. descendant.] Any person proceed- 
ing from an ancestor in any degree ; issue ; offspring, in 
the line of generation. 

DE-SCEND'ED,j?p. Moved downward from a height ; pro- 
ceeded from a source, as a son from a father. 

DE-SCEND'ENT, a. 1. Descending; falling; sinking. 2. 
Proceeding from an original or ancestor. 

DE-SCEND-I-BILI-TY, n. The quality of being descendible, 
or capable of being transmitted from ancestors. — Black- 
stone. 

DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be descended or passed 
down. 2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir. 

DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. or a. Moving downward; proceed- 
ing from an ancestor. 

DE-SCEN'SION (de-sen'shun), n. [L. descensio.] 1. The act 
of going downward ; descent ; a falling or sinking ; de- 
clension; degradation. — 2. In astronomy, right descension 
is the arc of the equator which descends with the sign or 
star below the horizon of a direct sphere. 

DE-SCEN'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to descent. 

DE-SCEN'SiVE, a. Tending downward; having power to 
descend. — Sherwood. 

DE-SCEN-So'RI-UM, n. A chemical furnace. 

DE-SCENT (de-senf), n. [Fr. descente ; L. descensus.] 1. The 
act of descending ; the act of passing from a higher to a 
.tower place, by any form of motion, as by walking, riding, 



rolling, sliding, sinking, or falling. 2. Inclination down- 
ward ; as, a descent of ground. 3. Progress downward ; as, 
the descent from higher to lower orders of beings. 4. Fall 
from a higher to a lower state or station. 5. A landing 
from ships ; invasion of troops from the sea. 6. A passing 
from an ancestor to an heir ; transmission by succession 
or inheritance. 7. A proceeding from an original or pro- 
genitor 8. Birth ; origin ; as, of honorable descent. 9. A 
generation ; a single degree in the scale of genealogy ; dis- 
tance from the common ancestor. 10. Offspring; issue; 
descendants. 11. A rank in the scale of subordination. 
12. Lowest place. — 13. In music, a passing from a note or 
sound to one more grave or less acute.— -Syn. Declivity ; 
slope ; degradation ; extraction ; lineage ; assault ; inva 
sion; attack. 

DE-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That may be described ; capable of 
description. 

DE-S€RlBE', v. t. [L. describo.] 1. To delineate or mark 
the form or figure ; as, to describe a circle with compasses. 
2. To make or exhibit a figure by motion ; as, a planet de- 
scribes an ellipse in its circuit. 3. To show or represent 
to others in words ; to communicate an idea of a thing, by 
naming its nature, form, or properties. 4. To represent 
by signs. 5. To draw a plan ; to represent by lines and 
other marks on paper, or other material. To give a clear 
and vivid exhibition in language ; as, Milton describes with 
uncommon force and beauty. 6. To define laxly. — Syn. 
To set forth ; represent ; delineate ; relate ; recount ; nar- 
rate ; express ; explain ; depict ; portray. 

DE-SCR.lB.ED' (de-skribd'), pp. Represented in form by 
marks or figures ; delineated ; represented by words or 
signs. _ 

DE-S€RlB'ER, n. One who describes by marks, words, or 
signs. 

DE-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Representing the form or figure of, by 
lines or marks ; communicating a view of, by words or 
signs, or by naming the nature and properties. 

DE-S€Rl2?D' (de-skride'), pp. Espied ; discovered ; seen. 

DE-S€Rl'ER, n. One who espies or discovers ; a discover- 
er ; a detecter. — Crashaw. 

DE-SCRIPTION, n. [L. description 1. The act of delinea- 
ting or representing the figure of any thing by a plan, to 
be presented to the eye. 2. The figure or appearance of 
any thing delineated or represented by visible lines, marks, 
colors. &c. 3. The act of representing a thing by words 
or by signs, or the passage containing such representa- 
tion ; a representation of names, nature, or properties, that 
gives to another a view of the thing. 4. A definition. 5. 
The qualities expressed in a representation. 6. The per- 
sons having the qualities expressed ; a class of persons to 
'whom a description is applicable. Scott. — Syn. Recital ; 
account ; relation ; detail ; narrative ; explanation ; de- 
lineation ; representation ; cast ; turn ; sort. 

DE-S€RIP'TI VE, a. Containing description ; tending to de 
scribe ; having the quality of representing. — Descriptive 
geometry consists in the application of geometrical rules to 
the representation of the figures and the various relations 
of the forms of bodies, according to certain conventional 
methods. — Brande. 

DE-S€RIP'TiVE-LY, adv. By description. 

DE-S€RIP'TiVE-NESS, n. State of being descriptive. 

t DE-SCRlVE', v. t. [It. descrivere.] To describe. 

DE-SCRY', v.t. [Norm, descrier or discriver.] 1. To explore; 
to examine by observation ; as, they sent to descry Bethel. 
— Judges, i. 2. To find out ; to discover any thing con- 
cealed. 3. To have a sight of from a distance ; as, to de- 
scry a sail. 4. To give notice of something suddenly dis- 
covered. — Hall ; [not in use.] — Syn. To see ; behold ; espy ; 
discover ; discern ; detect. 

DE-SCRY', n. The thing descried, as an army seen at a dis- 
tance. — Shah. [Unusual.] 

DE-SCRTTNG, ppr. Discovering ; espying. 

t DES'E-CaTE, v. t. To cut off; to cut away ; to mow.- 
Cockeram. 

DES'E-CRaTE, v. t. [L. desecro.] 1. To divert from a sacred 
purpose or appropriation ; opposed to consecrate. 2. To 
divest of a sacred character or office. 

DES'E-CRa-TED, pp. or a. Diverted from a sacred pur- 
pose or appropriation ; divested of a sacred character or 
office. 

DES'E-CRI-TING, ppr. Diverting from a purpose to which 
a thing is consecrated ; divesting of a sacred character or 
office. 

DES-E-CRXTION, n. The act of divert.'ng from a sacred 
purpose or use to which a thing had been devoted ; the 
act of diverting from a sacred character or office. 

DES'ERT, a. [L. desertus.] 1. Literally, forsaken ; hence 
uninhabited. Hence, wild ; untilled ; waste ; uncultivated , 
as, a desert country. 2. Void ; empty ; unoccupied ; as, 
" to waste its sweetness on the desert air." — Gray. 

DES'ERT, n. [L. deserium.] An uninhabited tract of land , 
a region in its natural state ; a wilderness ; a solitude , 
particularly, a vast sandy plain. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE. BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



DES 



285 



DES 



DE-SERT', v. t. |Fr. deserter.] 1. To quit with a view not 
to return to : as, to desert one's friends. 2, To leave, with- 
out permission, a military band or a ship in which one is 
enlisted ; to forsake the service in which one is engaged, 
in violation of duty. — Syn. To forsake ; leave ; abandon ; 
relinquish ; quit ; depart from ; abdicate. 

DE-SERT, v. i. To run away ; to quit a service without 
permission. 

DE-SERT', n. 1. A deserving ; that which gives a right to 
reward or demands, or which renders liable to punish- 
ment ; merit or demerit ; that which entitles to a recom- 
pense of equal value, or demands a punishment equal to 
the offense ; good conferred or evil done, which merits an 
equivalent return. 2. That which is deserved ; reward or 
punishment merited ; as, he has received his deserts. — Syn. 
Merit ; worth ; excellence ; due. 

DE-SERT'ED, pp. or a. Wholly forsaken ; abandoned ; left. 

DE-SERT'ER, n. A person who forsakes his cause, his post, 
or his party or friend ; particularly, a soldier or seaman 
who quits the service without permission, and in violation 
of his engagement. 

DE-SERT'FUL, a. High in desert ; meritorious. 

DE-SERT1NG, ppr. Forsaking utterly ; abandoning. 

DE-SER'TION (de-zer'shun), n. 1. The act of forsaking or 
abandoning, as a party, a friend, a country, an army or 
military band, or a ship ; the act of quitting with an inten- 
tion not to return. 2. The state of being forsaken by God ; 
spiritual despondency. 

DE-SERT'LESS, a. Without merit or claim to favor or re- 
ward. — Dryden. 

DE-SERT'LESS-LY, adv. Undeservedly.— Beaum. and Fl. 

DE-SERT'RIX ' \ n ' A ^ emale wuo deserts. — Milton. 

DE-SERVE' (de-zeiV), v. t. [L. deservio.] 1. To merit ; to 
be worthy of ; [applied to good or evil] 2. To merit by 
labor or services ; to have a just claim to an equivalent 
for good conferred ; as, the workman deserves pay. 3. To 
merit by good actions or qualities in general ; to be worthy 
of, on account of excellence ; as, his conduct deserves 
praise. 4. To be worthy of, [in a bad sense] ; to merit by 
an evil act ; as, he deserves punishment. 

DE-SERVE', v. i. To merit ; to be worthy of or deserving. 

DE-SERVED' (de-zervd'), pp. or a. Merited ; worthy of. 

DE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. Justly ; according to desert, wheth- 
er of good or evil. 

DE-SERVER, n. One who deserves or merits ; one who is 
worthy of. 

DE-SERVING, ppr. 1. Meriting ; having a just claim to re- 
ward ; justly meriting punishment 2. a. Worthy of re- 
ward or praise ; meritorious ; possessed of good qualities 
that entitle to approbation. 

DE-SERVING, n. The act of meriting; desert ; merit. 

DE-SERVING-LY, adv. Meritoriously ; with just desert. 

DES-HA-BTLLE' (des-a-bil'), n. [Fr.] An undress ; a loose 
morning dress ; hence, any home dress. 

DE-SIC'CANT, a. Drying. 

DE-SIC'CANT, n. A medicine or application that dries a 
sore. — Wiseman. 

'DE-SI€'€aTE, or DESTC-CXTE, v. t. [L. desicco.] To dry ; 
to exhaust of moisture; to exhale or remove moisture 
from. 

DE-SI€'€aTE, or DESIC-GITE, v. i. To become dry.— 
Hale. 

DE-S.IG'€a-TED, pp. Dried. 

DE-SI€'€a-TING, ppr. Diying ; exhausting moisture. 

DES-I€-€a'TION, n. The act of making dry ; the state of 
being dried. — Bacon. 

DE-SI€'€A-TlVE, a. Drying ; tending to dry ; that has the 
power to dry. 

DE-SIC-GA-TiVE, n. An application which tends to dry up 
secretions. 

DE-SID'ER-aTE. v. t. To want ; to miss.— Brougham. 

DE-SID'ER-A-TiVE, a. Denoting desire ; as, desiderative 
verbs. 

DE-SID-ER-A'TUM, n. ; pi. Desiderata. [L.] That which 
is desired ; that which is not possessed, but which is de- 
sirable ; any perfection or improvement which is wanted. 

t DE-SID-I-oSE', a. [L. desidiosus.] Idle ; lazy ; heavy. 

* DE-SIGN' (de-sine', or de-zine), v. t. [L. designo.] 1. To 
delineate a form or figure by drawing the outline. 2. To 
form an outline or representation of any thing in the mind, 
as an artist does previous to execution. 3. To form a plan, 
purpose, or intention ; as, to design evil against any one ; 
he was designed for the bar. 4. To mark out by tokens. 
— Locke ; [not used.] 5. To intend to apply or appropri- 
ate : with for ; as, I design this book for my friend. — Syn. 
To sketch ; plan ; purpose ; intend ; propose ; project ; 
mean. 

* DE-SlGN', n. [Fr. dessein.] 1. A plan or representation 

of a thing by an outline ; sketch ; general view ; first idea 
represented by visible lines. 2. A plan of any work of art 
drawn out in the mind. 3. Purpose ; intention ; aim ; proj- 
ect ; implying a scheme or plan in the mind.— 4. In man- 



ufactories, the figures with which workmen enrich their 
stuffs, copied from painting or draughts. — 5. In music, the 
invention and conduct of the subject ; the disposition (if 
every part, and the general order of the whole. 

* DE-SlGN'A-BLE (de-sin'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being de- 

signed or marked out. 2. Distinguishable. 

DES'IG-NaTE, v. t. [L. designo.] 1. To mark out or show, 
so as to make known ; to indicate by visible lines, marks, 
description, or something known and determinate. 2. To 
point out ; to distinguish from others by indication. 3. To 
appoint ; to select or distinguish for a particular purpose ; 
to assign, with for. — Syn. To name ; denominate ; style ; 
entitle ; characterize ; describe. 

DES'IG-NaTE, a. Appointed ; marked out. [Little used.] 

DES'IG-Na-TED, pp. Marked out ; indicated ; shown , 
pointed out ; appointed. 

DESIG-Na-TING, ppr. Marking out ; indicating ; pointing 
out; appointing. 

DES-IG-NaTION, n. 1. The act of pointing or marking out 
by signs or objects. 2. Indication , a showing or point- 
ing; a distinguishing from others. 3. Appointment; di- 
rection. 4. Appointment ; a selecting and appointing , 
assignment. 5. Import ; distinct application. 

DESIG-Na-TiVE, a. Serving to designate or indicate. 

DES1G-Na-TOR, n. A Roman officer who assigned to each 
person his rank and place in public shows and ceremonies 

DES'IG-NA-TO-RY, a. Employed to designate. 

* DE-SIGN.ED' (de-sind' or de-zmd'), pp. or a. Marked out; 
delineated; planned; intended. 

* DE-SIGN'ED-LY, adv. By design ; purposely ; intention- 

ally^ 

* DE-SlGN'ER, n. 1. One who designs, marks out, or plans ; 

one who frames a scheme or project ; a contriver. 2. One 
who plots ; one who lays a scheme ; [in an ill sense.] 
f DE-SIGN'FUL-NESS, n. Abundance of design.— Barrow. 

* DE-SlGN'ING (de-sin'ing or de-zin'ing), ppr. 1. Forming 

a design; planning; delineating the outline ; drawing fig- 
ures on a plane. — 2. a. In an ill sense, insidiously contriv- 
ing schemes of mischief. — Syn. Artful ; insidious ; intrigu 
ing; deceitful; treacherous. 

* DE-STGN'ING, n. Tae art of delineating objects. 

* DE-SIGN'LESS, a. Without design or intention; inad- 
vertent. 

* DE-SlGN'LESS-LY, adv. Without design ; inadvertently ; 

ignorantly. 

* DE-SlGN'MENT, n. 1. Design ; sketch ; delineation. 2 

Design ; purpose ; aim ; intent ; scheme. — Shak. 

DES'I-NENCE, n. [L. desino.] End ; close.— Hall. 

DES1-NENT, a. Ending ; extreme ; lowermost. 

DE-SIP'I-ENT, a. [L. desipiens.] Trifling ; foolish ; playfut 

DE-SIR'A-BLE (de-zir'a-bl), a. 1. Worthy of desire; thai 
is to be wished for with sincerity or earnestness. 2. 
Pleasing; agreeable. 

DE-SIR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being desirable 
Goodman. 

DE-SIR'A-BLY, adv. In a desirable manner. 

DE-SIRE' (de-zire'), n. [Fr. desir.] 1. An emotion or ex- 
citement of the mind, directed to the attainment or pos- 
session of an object from which pleasure, sensual, intel- 
lectual, or spiritual, is expected ; a passion excited by the 
love of an object, or uneasiness at the want cf it, and di- 
rected to its attainment or possession. 2. A prayer or re- 
quest to obtain. 3. The object of desire ; tkat which is 
desired. 4. Love; affection. 5. Appetite; lust — Syn. 
Wish ; appetency ; craving ; inclination ; eagerness ; as- 
piration; longing. 

DE-SlRE', v. t. [Fr. desirer.] 1. To wish for the possession 
or enjoyment of, with a greater or less degree of earnest- 
ness; as, to desire riches. 2. To express a wish in the 
way of petition ; as, " Did I desire a son of the Lord ?" 3. 
To express a wish in the way of direction ; as, " he left a 
message that he desired to see him the next morning." — 
Johnson's Life of Savage. 4. To demand or require.— 
Spenser; [obs.]— Syn. To long for; hanker after; covet; 
wish; beg; ask; request; solicit; entreat 

DE-SIR.ED' (de-zird'), pp. or a. Wished for ; coveted ; re- 
quested; entreated. 

DE-STRE'LESS, a. Free from desire.— Donne. 

DE-SIR'ER,7i. One who desires or asks ; one who wishes. 

DE-SlRTNG,#pr. Wishing for; coveting; asking; express- 
in? a wish ; soliciting. 

DE-SIR'OUS, a. Wishing for; wishing to obtain; covet- 
ing ; solicitous to possess and enjoy ; as, " Be not desirous 
ofhis dainties." — Prov.. xxiii. "Jesus knew they were de- 
sirous to ask him." John, xvi. — Syn. Eager; anxious; so 
licitous ; covetous. 

DE-SlR'OUS-LY, adv. With desire ; with earnest wishes. 

DE-SIR'OUS-NESS, n. The state or affection of being de 
sirous. 

DE-SIST, v. i. [L. desisto.] To cease to act or pro ceed.— 
Syn. To stop; forbear; leave off ; discontinue. 

DE-SISTANCE, n. A ceasing to act; a stopping. 

DE-SISTING, ppr. Ceasing to act or proceed. 



DOVE -.—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DES 



286 



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I DE^IST'IvE } a - t L - desitus -] Final ! conclusive. 

DE-Si"TION (de-sish'un), n. [L. iestt«s.] End. 

DESK, n. [D. disc-A; Sax. dc'sc.J 1. An inclining table for 
the use of writers and readers. 2. The pulpit in a church ; 
and, figuratively, the clerical profession. 

DESK, v. t. To shut up in a desk ; to treasure.— Hall. 

DESK22D (deskt), pp. Shut up in a desk. 

DESK'ING, ppr. Shutting up in a desk. 

DES'MINE, n. A mineral that crystallizes in little silken tufts. 

DES'O-LATE, a. [L. desolatus.] 1. Destitute or deprived 
of inhabitants ; denoting either stripped of inhabitants, or 
never having been inhabited. 2. Laid waste ; in a ruin- 
ous condition ; neglected ; destroyed. 3. Solitary ; with- 
out a companion ; afflicted. 4. Deserted of God ; depriv- 
ed of comfort. — Syn. Desert; uninhabited; lonely; waste. 

DES'O-LaTE, v. t. [L. desolo, desolatus.] 1. To deprive of 
inhabitants ; to make desert. 2. To lay waste ; to ruin ; 
to ravage ; to destroy improvements or works of art. 

DES'O-La-TED, pp. or a. Deprived of inhabitants; wast- 
ed; ruined. 

DES'O-LATE-LY, adv. In a desolate manner. 

DES'O-LATE-NESS, n. A state of being desolate. 

DES'O-La-TER, n. One who lays waste or desolates ; that 
which desolates. 

DES'O-La-TING, ppr. or a. Deprivingof inhabitants ; wast- 
ing; ravaging. 

DES-O-L a'TION, n. 1. The act of desolating ; destruction 
or expulsion of inhabitants. 2. A place deprived of in- 
habitants, or otherwise wasted, ravaged, and ruined. 3. 
A desolate state ; as, desolation of soul. — Syn. Waste ; 
ruin ; destruction ; havock ; devastation ; ravage ; sad- 
ness; destitution; melancholy; gloom; gloominess. 

DES'O-LA-TO-RY, a. Causing desolation. 

DE-SP aIR', n. [Fr. dcsespoir.] 1. A hopeless state ; a desti- 
tution of hope or expectation. 2. That which causes de- 
spair ; that of which there is no hope. 3. Loss of hope 
in the mercy of God. — Syn. Desperation ; despondency ; 
hopelessness. 

DE-SPaIR', v. i. [Fr. desesperer.] To be without hope ; to 
give up all hope or expectation. 

t DE-SPaIR'A-BLE, a. Unhopeful. 

DE-SPaIR'ER, n. One without hope.— Dryden. 

DE-SPaIR'FUL, a. Hopeless.— Sidney. 

DE-SP aIR'ING, ppr. or a. Giving up all hope or expectation. 

DE-SPIIR'ING-LY, adv. In a despairing manner; in a 
manner indicating hopelessness. 

DE-SP AlR'ING-NESS, n. State of being despairing. 

DE-SPATCH'. See Dispatch. 

DE-SPE€'TION, n. [L. despectio.] A looking down ; a de- 
spising. [Little used.] 

DES-PE-RI'DO, n. [from desperate.] A desperate fellow; 
a furious man; a madman j a person urged by furious 
passions ; one fearless, or regardless of safety. 

DES'PE-RATE, a. [L. desperatus.] 1. Without hope. 2. 
Without care of safety ; fearless of danger. 3. Furious, 
as a man in despair. 4. Hopeless ; despaired of ; lost be- 
yond hope of recovery. — 5. In a popular sense, great in 
the extreme. Pope. — Syn. Hopeless ; despairing ; de- 
sponding ; rash ; headlong ; precipitate ; irretrievable ; ir- 
recoverable ; forlorn ; mad ; furious ; frantic. 

DES'PE-RATE-LY, adv. 1. In a desperate manner, as in 
despair ; hence, furiously ; with rage ; madly ; without 
regard to danger or safety. — 2. In a popular sense, great- 
ly ; extremely ; violently. 

DES'PE-RATE-NESS, n. Madness ; fury ; rash precipi- 
tance. 

DES-PE-RI'TION, n. 1. A despairing; a giving up of hope. 
2. Hopelessness ; despair. 3. Fury ; rage disregard of 
safety or danger. 

DES'PI-CA-BLE, a. [Low L. despicabilis.] That may be or 
deserves to be despised. — Syn. Contemptible ; mean ; 
vile ; worthless ; pitiful ; sordid ; low ; base ; degrading. 

DES'PI-GA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
despicable ; meanness ; vileness ; worthlessness. 

DES'PI-GA-BLY, adv. Meanly ; vilely ; contemptibly. 

DES-Pl"CIEN-CY (des-pish'en-se), n. [L. despicio.] A look- 
ing down ; a despising.— Mede. [Little used.] 

DE-SPiS'A-BLE, a. Despicable ; contemptible. 

tDE-SPIS'AL, n. Contempt. 

DE-SPlSE', v. t. 1. To hold in contempt; to have the low- 
est opinion of. 2. To abhor. Shak. — Syn. To'contemn ; 
scorn ; disdain ; slight ; undervalue. 

DE-SPISED' (de-spizd'), pp. or a. Contemned; disdained; 
abhorred. 

DE-SPlSTID-NESS, n. The state of being despised. 

DE-SPIS'ER, n. A contemner ; a scorner. 

DE-SPiiSTNG, ppr. Contemning; scorning; disdaining. 

DE-SP1:S'ING, n. Contempt. 

DE-SP5:S'ING-LY, adv. With contempt. 

DE-SPIiTE', n. [Fr. depit ; Norm, despite.] 1. Extreme mal- 
ice ; violent hatred ; malignity ; malice irritated or en- 
raged ; active malignity ; angry hatred. 2. Defiance with 



contempt, or triumph over opposition; as, in despite of 
every difficulty. 3. An act of malice or contempt; as, 
" despite to the Most High." — Milton. 

DE-SPITE', v. t. To vex ; to offend ; to tease.— Raleigh. 

DE-SPlTED, #p. Vexed; offended. 

DE-SPlTE'FUL, a. Full of spite ; malicious ; malignant 

DE-SPlTE'FUL-LY, adv. With despite ; maliciously ; con- 
temptuously. 

DE-SPITE'FUL-NESS, n. Malice ; extreme hatred ; malig- 
nity. 

t DES-PITE-OUS, a. MaKcious.— Milton. 

t DES-PIT'E-OUS-LY. adv. Furiously.— Spenser. 

DE-SPlTING, ppr. Offending ; teasing. 

DE-SPOIL', v. t. [L. despolio.] 1. To take from by force: 
followed by of. 2. To strip or divest by any means.— 
Syn. To strip ; deprive ; rob ; bereave ; rifle. 

DE-SPOIL ED' (de-spoildT), pp. Stripped; robbed; bereaved; 
deprived. 

DE-SPOIL'ER, 7i. One who strips by force ; a plunderer 

DE-SP OILING, ppr. Depriving; stripping; robbing. 

DE-SPOIL'MENT, n. Act of despoiling ; a plundering. 

DE-SPO-LI- A'TION, 7i. The act of despoiling ; a stripping. 

DE-SPOND', v. i. [L. despondeo.] 1. To be cast down ; to 
be depressed or dejected in mind; to fall in spirits. 2. To 
lose all courage, spirit, or resolution ; to sink by loss of 
hope. 

DE-SPOND', 7i. Despondency ; as, the slough of despond.— 
Bunyan. 

DE-SPOND'EN-CY, n. A sinking or dejection of spirits at 
the loss of hope; loss of courage at the failure of hope, or 
in deep affliction, or at the prospect of insurmountablo 
difficulties. 

DE-SPOND'ENT, a. Losing courage at the loss of hope , 
sinking into dejection ; depressed and inactive in despair. 

DE-SPOND'ENT-LY, adv. Without hope. 

DE-SPOND'ER, n. One destitute of hope. 

DE-SPOND'ING, ppr. 1. Losing courage to act, in conse- 
quence of loss of hope, or of deep calamity, or of difficul- 
ties deemed insurmountable ; sinking into dejection. 2. a. 
Yielding to discouragement ; depressed in spirit. 

DE-SPOND'ING-LY, adv. In a desponding manner; with 
dejection of spirits ; despairingly. 

t DE-SPON'SaTE, v. t. [L. desponso.] To betroth. 

t DES-PON-Sa'TION, n. A betrothing. 

DES'POT, n. [Gr. deairorr^.] An emperor, king, or prince 
invested with absolute power, or ruling without any con- 
trol from men, constitution, or laws. Hence, in a general 
sense, a tyrant. 

DES-POTTG, )a. 1. Absolute in power ; independent 

DES-POT'IC-AL, j of control from men, constitution, or 
laws; arbitary in the exercise of power. 2. Unlimited or 
unrestrained by constitution, laws, or men ; absolute. 3. 
Tyrannical; arbitrary. 

DES-POT'IC-AL-LY, ado. With unlimited power; arbitra- 
rily ; in a despotic manner. 

DES-POT'IC-AL-NESS, n. Absolute authority. 

DES'POT-ISM, n. [Sp. despotismo.] 1. Absolute power, 
authority unlimited and uncontrolled by men, constitution, 
or laws, and depending alone on the will of the prince. 
2. An arbitrary government, as that of Turkey and Persia 

DES'PU-MaTE, v. i. [L. dcspumo.] To foam ; to froth ; to 
form froth or scum. 

DES-PU-Ma'TION, n. The act of throwing off excrementi- 
tious matter, and forming a froth or scum on the surface 
of liquor ; clarification ; scumming. 

DES-QUA-Ma'TION, n. [L. desquamo.] A scaling or exfoli- 
ation of bone ; the separation of the cuticle in small scales. 

tDESS, for desk. — Chaucer. — Spenser. 

DES-SERT (dez-zerf), n. [Fr. dessert.] That which is 
served when the substantial part of a meal is removed, or 
de-served, consisting of pastry, fruits, &c. 

DES-TEM'PER, > n. [Fr. detrempe.] A sort of painting with 

DIS-TEM'PER, 3 opaque colors, ground and diluted with 
water and glue, or yolks of eggs, &c. — Elmes. 

DESTI-NaTE, v. t. [L. destino, destinatus.] To design or 
appoint. [Seldom used.] See Destine. 

DES'TI-NATE, a. Appointed; destined; determined. 

DES'TI-Na-TING, ppr. Designing; appointing. 

DES-TI-Na'TION, n. [L. destinatio.) 1. The act of destining 
or appointing. 2. The purpose for which any thing is in- 
tended or appointed ; end or ultimate design. 3. The 
place to which a thing is appointed. — Syn. Appointment ; 
design ; purpose ; intention ; destiny ; lot ; fate. 

DESTINE, v. t. [L. destino.] 1. To set or appoint to a use, 
purpose, state, or place ; as, a youth destined to the minis- 
try ; a ship destined for a given purpose. 2. To fix unal- 
terably, as by a divine decree. 3. To appoint unalterably. 
— Syn. To design ; mark out ; intend ; devote ; conse- 
crate ; doom. 

DESTINED, pp. or a. Ordained ; appointed by previous 
determination ; devoted; fixed unalterably. 

DES'TIN-ING. ppr. Ordaining; appointing. 

DESTlN-IST, n. A believer in destiny. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long.—l, £, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE BOOK, 



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DES'TI-NY, n. [Fr. destin.] 1. State or condition appointed 
or predetermined ; ultimate fate. 2. Invincible necessity ; 
fate ; a necessity or fixed order of things established by 
a divine decree. — Dettinies, the fates, or supposed powers 
which preside over human hie, spin it out, and determine it. 

DESTI-TUTE, a. [L. destitutus.] 1. Not having or possess- 
ing ; wanting. 2. Needy ; abject ; comfortless ; friendless ; 
forlorn. 

DESTI-TUTE, n. One who is without friends or comfort. 

fDES'TI-TUTE, v. t. 1. To forsake. 2. To deprive. 

DES-TI-Tu'TION, n. Want ; absence of a thing ; a state in 
which something is wanted or not possessed ; poverty. — 
Hooker. 

DESTROY', v. t. [L. destruo.] 1. To pull down; to sep- 
arate the parts of an edifice, the union of which is neces- 
sary to constitute the thing. 2. To annihilate a thing by 
demolishing or by burning, as a city. 3. To bring to 
naught ; to put an end to ; as, to destroij a government. 
4. To lay waste ; to make desolate. 5 To kill ; to slay ; 
to extirpate. 6. To take away ; to cause to cease ; to 
bring; to an end ; as, to destroy all peace of mind. 7. To 
ki._ ; to eat ; to devour ; to consume. 8. To put an end to ; 
to annihilate a thing or the form in which it exists. — 9. In 
chemistry, to resolve a body into its parts or elements. — 
Syn. To demolish ; lay waste ; consume ; raze ; disman- 
tle ; ruin ; throw down ; overthrow ; subvert ; desolate ; 
devastate ; deface ; extirpate ; extinguish ; kill ; slay. 

DE-STROY'A-BLE, a. That may be destroyed. 

DE-STRO Y£D' (de-stroyd'), pp. Demolished ; pulled down ; 
ruined : annihilated ; devoured ; swept away, <fcc. 

DE-STROY'ER, n. One who destroys, or lays waste ; one 
who kills a man, or an animal, or who ruins a country, 
cities, <fec. 

DE-STROY'ING, ppr. or a. Demolishing; laying waste; 
killing ; annihilating ; putting an end to. 

DF- e TROY'ING, n. Destruction.— Milton. 

\ DE-STRUCT', for destroy, is not used. 

DE-STRUCT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable 
of destruction. 

DE-STRUCT'I-BLE, a. [L. destruo, destruction.] Liable to 
destruction , capable of being destroyed. 

DE-STRUCT I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being destruct- 
ible. 

DE-STRU€'T10N, n. [L. destructio.] 1. The act of destroy- 
ing ; a pulling down ; ruin, by whatever means. 2. Death ; 
murder ; slaughter ; massacre. 3. Ruin. 4. Eternal 
death. 5. Cause of destruction ; a consuming plague ; a 
destroyer. — Syn. Demolition ; subversion ; overthrow ; 
desolation ; extirpation ; extinction ; devastation ; down- 
fall ; extermination ; havock ; ruin. 

DE-STRUCTION-IST, n. One in favor of destroying. 

DE-STRU€TlVE, a. Causing destruction ; having the qual- 
ity of destroying. — Destructive distillation. [See Distilla- 
tion.] — Syn. Mortal ; deadly ; poisonous ; fatal ; ruinous ; 
malignant ; baleful ; pernicious ; mischievous. 

DE-STRUCT'iVE-LY, adv. With destruction; ruinously; 
mischievously ; with power to destroy. 

DE-STRUCTlVE-NESS, n. The quality of destroying or 
ruining. 

\ DE-STRU€T'OR, n. [L.l A destroyer ; a consumer. 

DES-U-Da'TION, ?i. [L. desudo.] A sweating; a profuse or 
morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption of pustules, 
called heat pimples. 

DES'UE-TUDE (des'we-tude), n. [L. desuetudo.} The cessa- 
tion of use ; disuse ; discontinuance of practice, custom, 
or fashion. 

DE-SUL'PHU-RITE, v. t. [L. dc, and sulphurate.] To de- 
prive of sulphur. — Chemistry. 

DE-SUL'PHU-RI-TED, pp. Deprived of sulphur. 

DE-SUL'PHU-Ra-TIN G, ppr. Depriving of sulphur. 

DE-SUL-PHU-Ra'TION, ti. The act or operation of depriv- 
ing of sulphur. 

* DES'UL-TO-PJ-LY, adv. In a desultory manner ; without 

method; loosely. 

* DES'UL-TO-RI-NESS, n. A desultory manner; uncon- 

nectedness ; a passing from one thing to another without 
order or method. 

* DES'UL-TO-RY, 1 a. [L. desultorius.] 1. Leaping ; pass- 
DES-UL-To'RI-OUS, > ing from one thing or subject to an 

other, without order er natural connection ; unconnected 
2. Corning suddenly ; started at the moment ; not proceed 
ing from natural order or connection with what precedes 
—Syn. Rambling; roving; unmethodical ; discursive; in 
constant; unsettled; cursory; slight; hasty; loose. 

1 DE-SuME', v. t. [L. desumo.] To take from ; to borrow. 

DE-TACH', v. t. [Fr. detacher.] 1. Literally, to break off; to 
cause a separation from ; to remove any thing attacked ; to 
part from. 2. To separate men from their companies or 
regiments; to draw from companies or regiments, as a 
party of men, and send them on a particular service. 3. 
To select ships from a fleet, and send them on a separate 
service. — Syn. To separate; disunite; disengage; sever; 
disjoin ; -withdraw ; draw off. 



DE-TACILED' (de-tachtO, pp. 1. Separated ; parted from , 
disunited; drawn and sent on a separate service. 2. a. 
Separate 

DE-TACHTNG, ppr. Separating ; parting from ; drawing 
and sending on a separate employment. 

DE-TACH'MENT, n. 1. The act of detaching or separating. 
2. A body of troops, selected or taken from the main army, 
and employed on some special service or expedition. 3. 
A number of ships, taken from a fleet,, and sent on a sepa- 
rate service. 

DE-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. deiaillcr.] 1. Literally, to cut off into 
parts. Hence, in military affairs, to select for a particular 
service, as an officer or body of troops. 2. Figuratively, 
to dwell in narration on the different parts of a subject ; 
to particularize ; to relate minutely and distinctly. 

DE-TaIL' n. [Fr.] 1. Literally, a cutting oft' into parts or 
portions ; and hence, the parts or portions themselves ; 
as, the details of a scheme : the details of a work in the 
Fine Arts, as distinguished from the whole mass. — 2. In 
military affairs, a selecting of certain individuals or bodies 
of men for a particular service. 3. A minute and particu- 
lar narration, dwelling on the distinct parts of a subject. 
— Syn. Account ; relation ; narrative ; recital ; explana- 
tion ; narration. 

DE-TaIL£D' (de-tald'), pp. or a. Related in particulars ■, 
minutely recited ; selected. 

DE-TaIL'£R, n. One who details. 

DE-TaILTNG,^. 1. Relating minixtely; telling the par- 
ticulars. 2. Selecting soldiers for some service. 

DE-TaIN', v. t. [L. detineo.] 1. To keep back or from ; to 
keep what belongs to another ; as, to detain a mar's wages. 

2. To keep or restrain from proceeding, either gon.g or 
coming; as, to be detained on a journey. 3. To hold in 
custody. — Syn. To withhold ; retain ; stop ; stay ; arrest ; 
check ; retard ; delay ; hinder. 

DE-TaIN'DER, n. A writ. See Detinue. 
DE-Ta.IN.ED (de-tand'), pp. Withheld; kept back; pre- 
vented from going or coming ; held ; restrained. 
DE-TIIN'ER, n. 1. One who withholds what belongs to 

another ; one who detains, stops, or prevents from going. 

— 2. In law, a holding or keeping possession of what ber 

longs to another; detention of what is another's, though! 

the original taking may be lawful. 
DE-TaINTNG, ppr. Withholding what belongs to another j 

holding back ; restraining from going or coming ; holding 

in custody. 
DE-TIIN'MENT, n. The act of detaining ; detention. 
DE-TECT, v. t. [L. detego, delectus.] Literally, to uncover , 

hence, to bring to light something hidden or unobserved ; 

as, to detect an error ; to detect a thief. — Syn. To discover ; 

find out ; lay open ; expose. 
DE-TECT'ED, pp. or a. Discovered ; found out ; laid open ; 

brought to light. 
DE-TECT'ER,"?;. A discoverer; one who finds out what 

another attempts to conceal. 
DE-TECTTNG, ppr. Discovering ; finding out. 
DE-TECTION, n. 1. The act of detecting ; discovery of a 

person or thing attempted to be concealed. 2. Discovery 

of any thing before hidden, or unknown, 
t DE-TEN'E-BRaTE, v. t. [L. dc and tenebra-..] To remove 

darkness. — Brown. 
DE-TENT', n. [L. detentus.] A stop in a clock, which, by 

being hfted up or let down, locks and unlocks the clock 

in striking. 
DE-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of detaining; a withholding 

from another his right ; a keeping what belongs to anoth- 
er, and ought to be~restored. 2. Confinement ; restraint. 

3. Delay from necessity ; a detaining. 

DE-TER', v. t. [L. detcrreo.] 1. To discourage and stop by 
fear; to stop or prevent frcm acting or proceeding, by 
danger, difficulty, or other consideration which disheart- 
ens, or countervails the motive for an act. 2. To prevent 
by prohibition or danger. 

DE-TER6E' (de-terJO, «. t. [L. dctergo.] To cleanse ; to 
purge away foul or oft'ending matter from the body, or 
from an ulcer. 

DE-TERG£D' (de-terjd'), pp. Cleansed ; purged. 

DE-TERG'ENT, a. Cleansing; purging. 

DE-TERG'ENT, n. A medicine that has the power of cleans 
ing the vessels or skin from oft'ending matter. 

DE-TERG'ING,#pr. 1. Cleansing; carrying oft" obstructions 
or foul matter. 2. a. Having the quality of cleansing. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RaTE, v. i. [Fr. dettriorcr.] To grow worse ; 
to be impaired in quality; to degenerate; opposed to 
meliorate. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RaTE, v. t. To make worse ; to reduce in 
quality. — Paley. 

DE-Te'RI-0-Ra.-TED. pp. Made worse ; impaired in quality. 

DE-Te'RI-O-Ra-TING, ppr. Becoming worse or inferior ia 
quality. 

DE-TE-RI-O-Ra'TION, n. A growing or making worse ; 
the state of growing worse. 

DE-TE-RI-OR'l-TY, n. Worse state or quality.— Ray. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VJ"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DET 



288 



DEU 



DE-TER'MENT, n. The act of deterring ; the cause of de- 
terring ; that which deters. — Boyle. 
DE-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be decided with cer- 
tainty. — Boyle. 2. That may end or be determined. 
DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. [L. determinatus.] 1. Limited ; fixed ; 
definite. 2. Established ; settled ; positive. 3. Decisive ; 
conclusive. 4. Resolved on. 5. Fixed ; resolute. 
I DE-TERM'IN-ITE, v. t. To limit. 

DE-TERM'IN-ATE-LY, adv. 1. With certainty. 2. Reso- 
lutely ; with fixed resolve. 
DE-TERM'IN-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being determin- 
ate, certain, or precise. 
DE-TERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of determining or de- 
ciding. 2. Decision of a question in the mind ; firm reso- 
lution. 3. Settlement by a judicial decision. 4. Strong di- 
rection to a given point, as of blood to the head. 5. Ab- 
solute direction to a certain end; as, "the determination 
of the will." 5. An ending ; a putting an end to ; as, the 
determination of a will or testament ; [legal usage.] — 7. In 
physical science, the referring of minerals, plants, &c, to 
the species to which they belong. Lyell. — Syn. Decision ; 
conclusion ; judgment ; purpose ; resolution ; resolve ; 
firmness. 

DE-TERM'IN-A-TIVE, a. 1. That uncontrollably directs to 
a certain end. 2. Limiting; that limits or bounds. 3. 
That is employed in determining ; as, determinative tables, 
in physical science, i. e., tables arranged for determining 
the specific character of minerals, plants, &c, assigning 
their names, &c. — Dana. 

DE-TERM'IN-A-TOR, n. One who determines. 

DETERMINE, v. t. [L. determino.] 1. To end ; particular- 
ly, to end by the decision or conclusion of a cavise, or of 
a doubtful or controverted point ; applicable to the decis- 
ions of the mind, or to judicial decisions. 2. To end and 
fix ; to settle ultimately ; as, this determines one's fate. 3. 
To fix on ; to settle or establish ; as, to determine the time 
for action. 4. To end; to limit; to bound; to confine, 
as determined by the view or sight. — Bacon ; [rare.] 5. 
To give a direction to ; to influence the choice ; that is, to 
limit to a particular purpose or direction ; as, to determine 
the will. 6. To resolve, that is, to end or settle a point in 
the mind. 7. To destroy. — Shah. ; [not used.] 8. To put 
an end to ; as, to determine a will or testament. 9. To 
settle or ascertain, as something uncertain ; as, to determ- 
ine a doubtful question. 

DE-TERM'INE, v. i. 1. To resolve ; to conclude ; to come 
to a decision. 2. To come to an end ; to terminate. 

DE-TERM'lN£D, pp. 1. Ended ; concluded ; decided ; lim- 
ited; fixed; settled; resolved; directed. 2. a. Having a 
firm or fixed purpose ; or manifesting a firm resolution ; 
resolute. 

DE-TERM'IN-ED-LY, adv. In a determined manner. 

DE-TERM'IN-ER, n. One who makes a determination. 

DE-TERM'IN-ING, ppr. Ending ; deciding ; fixing ; settling ; 
resolving ; limiting ; directing. 

DE-TER-RI'TION, n. [L. de and terra.] The uncovering of 
any thing which is buried or covered with earth ; taking 
from out of the earth. 

DE-TER'RjED (de-terd'), pp. Discouraged or prevented 
from proceeding or acting, by fear, difficulty, or danger. 

DE-TER'RING, ppr. 1. Discouraging or influencing not to 
proceed or act, by fear, difficulty, danger, or prospect of 
evil. 2. a. Discouraging ; frightening. 

DE-TER'SION, n. [L. detersus.] The act of cleansing, as a 
sore. 

DE-TER'SlVE, a. [It. detersivo.] Cleansing; having power 
to cleanse from offending matter. • 

DE-TER'SlVE, n. A medicine which has the power of 
'cleansing ulcers, or carrying off foul matter. 

DE-TEST, v. t. [L. detestor.] To hate extremely. — Syn. 
To abhor ; loathe ; abominate ; execrate. 

DE-TEST'A-BLE, a. Extremely hateful ; deserving abhor- 
rence. — Syn. Abominable ; odious ; execrable ; abhorred. 

DE-TESTA-BLE-NESS, n. Extreme hatefulness. 

D E-TEST'A-BLY, adv. Very hatefully ; abominably. 

DET-ES-TI'TION, n. Extreme hatred ; abhorrence; loath- 
ing. 

DE-TEST'ED, pp. or a. Hated extremely ; abhorred. 

DE-TEST'ER, n. One who abhors. 

DE-TESTING, ppr. Hating extremely ; abhorring ; abom- 
inating. 

DE-THR5NE', v. t. [Fr. detroner.] 1. To remove or drive 
from a throne ; to depose ; to divest of royal authority 
and dignity. 2. To divest of rule or power, or of supreme 
power. 

DE-THRON.ED' (de-thrond'), pp. or a. Removed from a 
throne; deposed. 

DE-THRoNE'MENT, n. Removal from a throne; deposi- 
tion of a king, emperor, or prince. 

DE-THRoN'ER, n. One who dethrones. 

DE-THRoN'ING, ppr. Driving from a throne ; depriving 
of rejral power. 

\ DE-THRoN'lZE, v. t. To unthrone.— Cotgrave. 



* DET'I-NfjE, n. [Fr. dctcn:i.] Literally, a person or thing 

detained. — In law, a writ of detinue is one that lies against 

him who wrongfully detains goods or chattels delivered 

to him, or in his possession. 

DET'O-NITE, v. t. [L. detono.] In chemistry, to cause to 

explode ; to burn or inflame with a sudden report. 
DET'O-NaTE, v. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden re- 
port. Nitre detonates with sulphur. 
DET'O-Na-TED, pp. Exploded; burned with explosion. 
DET'O-Na-TING, ppr. or a. Exploding ; inflaming with a 

sudden report. 
DET-O-Na'TION, n. An explosion or sudden report made 
by the inflammation of certain combustible bodies, as ful- 
minating gold. 
DET-O-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of exploding, as certain 

combustible bodies. 
DET'O-NIZE, v. t. To cause to explode ; to burn with an 

explosion ; to calcine with detonation. 
DET'O-NlZE, v. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden 

report. _ 
DET'O-NlZED, pp. Exploded, as a combustible body. 
DET'O-NlZ-ING, ppr. Exploding with a sudden report. 
DE-TORT, v. t. [L. detortus.] To twist ; to wrest ; to per 

vert ; to turn from the original or plain meaning. 
DE-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted; wrested; perverted. 
DE-TORTTNG, ppr. Wresting; perverting. 
DE-TOR'TION, n. A turning or wresting ; perversion. 
DE-T6UR (da-toor'), n. [Fr.] A turning; a circuitous way 
DE-TRACT', v. t. [L. detractum.] 1. Literally, to draw from. 
Hence, to take away from reputation or merit ; to detract 
from, is to lessen or depreciate reputation or worth ; to 
derogate from. 2. To take away ; to withdraw. — Syn. To 
disparage ; depreciate ; asperse ; calumniate ; abuse ; vil- 
ify ; defame ; slander ; traduce. 
DE-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Taking away ; depreciating. 
DE-TRAGT'ING-LY, adv. In a detracting manner. 
DE-TRACTION, n. [L. detractio.] The act of taking some- 
thing from the reputation or worth of another, with the 
view to lessen him in estimation ; a lessening of worth ; 
the act of depreciating another, from envy or malice. — 
Syn. Depreciation ; disparagement ; derogation ; under- 
rating ; slander ; calumny ; aspersion ; censure. 
t DE-TRAG'TIOUS (de-trak'shus), a. Containing detraction ; 

lessening reputation. 
DE-TRAGT'lVE, a. Having the quality or tendency to less- 
en the worth or estimation. 
DE-TRACTOR, n. One who takes away or impairs the 
reputation of another injuriously ; one who attempts to 
lessen the worth or honor of another.— Syn. Slanderer ; 
calumniator ; defamer ; vilifier. 
DE-TRAGT'O-RY, a. Derogatory ; defamatory by denial oi 

desert : with from. — Boyle. 
DE-TRAGT'RESS, n. A female detractor ; a censorious 

woman, 
t DE-TREGT, v. t. [L. detrecto.] To refuse.— Fotherby. 
t DE-TREGT- a'TION, n. A refusing to do a thing. 
DET'RI-MENT, n. [L. detrimentum.] That which injures, 
— Syn. Injury; loss; damage; disadvantage; prejudice; 
hurt; mischief; harm. 
DET-RI-MENT'AL, a. Causing loss or damage.— Syn. In- 
jurious ; hurtful ; prejudicial ; disadvantageous ; mischiev- 
ous ; pernicious. 
DET'RI-MENT-ED, a. Injured ; made worse. 
DE-TRl'TAL, a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, detritus. 
DE-TRI"TION (de-trish'un), n. [L. detero.] A wearing off. 
DE-TRl'TUS, n. [L. detritus.] In geology, a mass of sub 
stances worn off' from solid bodies by attrition, and re- 
duced to small portions. When the portions are large, 
the word debris is used. — Dana. 
DE-TRuDE', v. t. [L. detrudo.] To thrust down ; to push 

down with force. — Loche. 
DE-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust or forced down. 
DE-TRuDTNG, ppr. Thrusting or forcing down. 
DE-TRUNG'ATE, v. t. [L. detrunco.] To cut off; to lop • 

to shorten by cutting. 
DE-TRUNG'A-TED, pp. Cutoff"; shortened. 
DE-TRUNG'A-TING, ppr. Cutting or lopping off. 
DET-RUN-GaTION, n. The act of cutting off. 
DE-TRu'SION (de-tru'zhun), n. The act of thrusting or 

driving down, 
t DET-UR-BA'TION, n. [L. deturbo.] Degradation. 
DE-TUR'PaTE, v. t. [L.deturpo.] To defile.— Taylor. [Lit- 
tle used.] 
DEuCE (duse), n. [Fr. deux.] Two ; a card with two spots; 

a die with two spots. 
DEuCE, In. [Dusius, the name of a kind of evil spirits.] 
DEuSE, j An evil spirit; a demon. [Vulgar.] 
DEfj'TE-RO-CA-NON'IC-AL, a. [Gr. fcvrcpos and kuvcov.] 
An epithet recently applied to the books of the Apocrypha. 
DEu-TER-OGA-MIST, n. One who marries the second 

time. — Goldsmith. 
DEU-TER-OG'A-MY, n. [Gr. Sevrepos and ya^oi.] A second 
marriage, after the death of the tint husband or wife. 



See Synopsis. A. E. I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MoVE. BOOF 



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289 



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DEO-TER-ON'0-MY, n. [Gr. devrepos and vouos.] The sec- 
ond law, or second giving of the law by Moses ; the name 
given to the fifth book of the pentateuch. 

DEu-TER-O-PX'THI-A, \ n. A sympathetic affection of one 

DEu-TER-OP'A-THY, > part of the body with another 
part ; as headache from an overloaded stomach. 

f DEli-TER-OS'CO-PY, n. [Gr. Sevrepo; and okottsu.] The 
second intention ; the meaning beyond the literal sense. 

DEuT-HY-DROG'U-RET, \ n. In chemistry, a compound 

DEu-TO-HY-DROG'U-RET, } of two equivalents of hy- 
drogen with one of some other element. 

DEtJ-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. SevTepoS, and ozyd.] In chemistry, a 
compound of two atoms or equivalents of oxygen with 
one of some base. 

DE-VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. The change of vapor into water, 
as in the generation of rain. 

t DE-VaST, v. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to plunder. 

DEV'AS-TaTE, v. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to destroy 
improvements. — Bolingbroke. Hume. — Syn. To waste; 
ravage ; desolate ; destroy ; demolish ; plunder. 

DEVAS-TX-TED, pp. Laid waste ; ravaged. 

DEV'AS-Ta-TING, ppr. Laying waste ; desolating. 

DEV-AS-TXTION, n. [L. devastation 1. Destruction of 
works of art and natural productions which are necessary 
or useful to man. — 2. In law, waste of the goods of the 
deceased by an executor, or administrator. — Syn. Desola- 
tion ; ravage ; waste ; havock ; destruction ; ruin ; over- 
throw. 

DE-VEL'OP, v. t. [Fr. developper.] 1. To disclose or make 
mown something concealed or withheld from notice. 2. 
To unfold what is intricate. — Syn. To uncover ; unfold ; 
lay open; disclose; exhibit; unravel; disentangle; detect. 

DE-VEL'OP£D (de-vel'opt), pp. Unfolded ; laid open ; un- 
raveled. 

DE-VEL'OP-ER, n. One who develops or unfolds. 

DE-VEL'OP-ING, ppr. Unfolding; disclosing; unraveling. 

DE-VEL'OP-MENT, n. 1. An unfolding ; the discovering of 
something secret or withheld from the knowledge of oth- 
ers ; full exhibition. 2. The unraveling of a plot. — Syn. 
Unfolding ; disclosure ; unraveling ; detection ; disentan- 
glement. 

DEV-E-NUSTITE, v. t. [L. de and venustas.] To deprive 
of beauty or grace. 

^IvIrII^CY. } ^ DIVJCBGENCE. 

DE-VEST, v. t. [Fr. devetir. Generally written divestA 1. 
To strip ; to deprive of clothing or arms ; to take off. 2. 
To deprive ; to take away. [See Divest.] 3. To free 
from ; to disengage. — 4. In law. to alienate, as title or right. 

DE-VEST', v. i. In law, to be lost or alienated, as a title or 
an estate. [This word is generally written divest, except 
in the latter and legal sense.] 

DE-VESTED, pp. Stripped of clothes ; deprived ; freed 
from ; alienated or lost, as title. 

DE-VEST'ING. ppr. Stripping of clothes ; depriving; free- 
ing from ; alienating. 

\ DE-VEX', a. [L. devexus.] Bending down. 

t DE-VEX', n. Devexity.— May. 

DE-VEX'I-TY, n. [L. devexitas.] A bending downward ; a 
sloping ; incurvation downward. 

De'VI-aTE, v. i. [It. deviate.] 1. To turn aside from the 
common or right way, course, or line, either in a literal or 
figurative sense. 2. To stray from the path of duty ; to 
wander, in a moral sense. — Syn. To swerve ; stray ; wan- 
der ; digress ; depart ; deflect ; err. 

DE-VI-a'TION, n. 1. A wandering or turning aside from 
the right way, course, or line. 2. Variation from a com- 
mon or established rule, or from analogy. 3. A wander- 
ing from the path of duty ; want of conformity to the 
rules prescribed by God ; error ; sin ; obliquity of con- 
duct. — 4. In commerce, the voluntary departure of a ship, 
without necessity, from the regular and usual course of 
the specific voyage insured. 

DE-VlCE', n. [Fr. devis, devise.] 1. That which is formed 
or invented with care and art. 2. An emblem intended to 
represent a family, person, action, or quality, with a suit- 
able motto ; used in painting, sculpture, and heraldry. 3. 
Invention ; genius ; faculty of devising. 4. A spectacle or 
show.— Beaum. and Fl. ; [obs.]— Syn. Contrivance ; inven- 
tion; design; scheme; project; stratagem; shift. 

DE-VlCE'FUL, a. Full of devices ; inventive. — Spenser. 

DE-VlCE'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner curiously contrived. 

DEVIL (dev'vl), n. [Sax. diafol; D. duivel; G. teufel] 1. In 
the Christian theology, an evil spirit or being ; a fallen an- 
gel, expelied frcm heaven for rebellion against God ; the 
chief of the apostate angels ; the implacable enemy and 
tempter of the human race. In the New Testament, the 
word is frequently and erroneously used for demon. 2. A 
very wicked person. 3. An idol, or false god. 4. A ma- 
chine for cutting up rags and old cloth for manufacturing 
purposes. 5. A printer's errand boy ; [low.] 

DEVIL, v. t. 1. To cut up rags or cloth in a machine called 
. a devil. 2. To pepper excessively. — Smart. 



DEV'JL-ING, n. A young devil. — Beaumont. [Not in use.\ 

DEV'/L-ISH (dev'vl-ish), a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of 
the devil ; very evil and mischievous. 2. Having commu- 
nication with the devil; pertaining to the devil. 3. Ex- 
cessive ; enormous, in a vulgar and ludicrous sense ; as, a 
devilish cheat. Addison. — Syn. Diabolical ; infernal ; hell- 
ish ; satanic ; wicked ; malicious ; detestable ; destructive. 

DEV'IL-ISH-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suiting the devil • 
diabolically; wickedly. 2. Greatly; excessively. 

DEV'IL-ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil 

t DEV'/L-ISM, n. The state of devils.— Bishop Hall. 

t DE V/L-lZE, v. t. To place among devils.— Bishop Hall. 

DEV'/L-KTN (dev'vl-kin), n. A littte devil. — Clarissa. 

DEVIL-SHIP, n. The character of a devil 

DEV7L-TRY, n. Diabolical conduct. [Low.] 

De'VI-OUS, a. [L. devius.] 1. Out of the common way oi 
track; as, "a devious morning walk." — Thomson. 2. En 
ing ; going astray from rectitude or the divine precepts.- 
Syn. Wandering ; roving ; rambling ; excursive ; vagrant. 

De'VI-OUS-LY, adv. In a devious manner. — Reynolds. 

De'VI-OUS-NESS, n. Departure from a regular course , 
wandering. 

DE-ViR'<HN-iTE (-vur'jin-ate), v. t. [Low Lat. devirgino.) 
To deflour. — Sandys. 

DE-ViR'gLN-a-TED, pp. Deprived of virginity. 

DE-VlS'A-BLE (de-viz'a-bl), a. 1. That may be bequeathed 
or given by will. 2. That can be invented or contrived. 

DE-VlSE', v. t. [Fr. deviser.] 1. To form in the mind by 
new combinations of ideas, new applications of principles, 
or new arrangement of parts ; to strike out by thought. 2. 
To give or bequeath by will, as land or other real "estate. 
— Syn. To invent ; discover ; contrive ; find out ; excogi- 
tate; imagine ; plan ; scheme ; project ; strike out. 

DE-VlSE', v. i. To consider ; to contrive ; to lay a plan ; to 
form a scheme. 

DE-VlSE', n. 1. Primarily, a dividing or division ; hence, 
the act of giving or distributing real estate by a testator , 
sometimes applied, though improperly, to a bequest of 
personal estate. — Bouvier. 2. A will or testament. 3. A 
share_ of estate bequeathed. 

tDE-yiSE', n. Contrivance ; scheme invented. — Hooker. 

DE-VIS.ED' (de-vizd'), pp. Given by will ; bequeathed ; con 
trived. 

DEV-I-SEE' n. The person to whom a devise is made 
oneto whom real estate is bequeathed. 

DE-VlS'ER, 72. One who contrives or invents ; a contriver 
an inventor. — Grew. 

DE-VlS'ING, ppr. 1. Contriving , inventing ; forming a 
scheme or plan. 2. Giving by will ; bequeathing. 

DE-VlS'OR, n. One who gives by will ; one who bequeaths 
lands or tenements. — Blackstone. 

t DEV1-TA-BLE, a. Avoidable. 

t DEV-I-Ta'TION, n. An escaping. 

DE-VIT-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of depriving glass of 
its transparency, and converting it into a gray, opaque 
substance. — Tire. 

t DEV-O-CXTION, n. [L. devocatio.] A calling away ; se 
duction. — Halhjwell. 

DE-VOID', a. [de and void.] 1. Void ; empty ; vacant 2. 
Destitute ; not possessing. 3. Free from. 

DE-VCIE (dev-wor'), n. [Fr. devoir.] Primarily, service or 
duty. Hence, an act of civility or respect ; respectful no- 
tice due to another. 

DEV-O-Lu'TION, n. [L. devolution 1. The act of rolling 
down. 2. Removal from one person to another ; a pass- 
ing or falling upon a successor. 

DE-VOLVE' (de-volv^, v. t. [L. devolvo.] 1. To roll down , 
to pour or flow with windings, as a river. 2. To send 
down from one person to another ; to deliver over, or 
from one possessor to a successor. 

DE-VOLVE' (de-volv'), v. i. Literally, to roll down ; hence, 
to pass from one to another ; to fall by succession from 
one possessor to his successor. 

DE-VOLV£D' (de-volvd'), pp. Rolled down ; passed over 
to another. 

DE-VOLV'ING, ppr. Rolling down ; falling to a successor 

DE-VOLVE'MENT, n. The act of devolving. 

DEV-O-Ra'TION, ft. The act of devouring. 

t DE-Vo'TA-RY, n. A votary.— Gregory. 

DE-VoTE', v. t. [L. devoveo, devotus] 1. To appropriate oy 
vow ; to set apart by a solemn act. 2. To give up wholly"; 
to direct the attention wholly or chiefly ; as, to devote one's 
time to study. 3. To give up to evil ; as. the town was 
devoted to destruction. 4. To execrate ; to doom to evil ; 
as, " Here I devote your city." Croly. — Syn. Addict ; ap- 
ply ; dedicate ; consecrate ; resign ; destine ; doom ; con 
sign. 

DE-VoTE', a. Devoted.— Milton. 

DE-VOTE', n. A devotee.— Sandys. 

DE-V5TED, pp. 1. Appropriated by vow ; solemnly sel 
apart or dedicated ; consecrated ; addicted ; given up 
doomed ; consigned. 2. a. Ardent ; zealous ; strongly at 
tached. 



D6VE :— BUI L. UNITE :— AN'GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K : 6 as J ; 8 as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this * Obsolete 



DEW 



290 



DIA 



DE VoTED-NESS, n. The state of being devoted or given ; 
addictedness. — Milner. 

DEV-O-TEE', n. [Fr. devot.] One who is wholly devoted ; 
particularly, one given wholly to religion ; one who is su- 
perstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies. 

DE-VoTE'MENT, n. 1. Devotedness ; devotion. 2. Vowed 
dedic ation. — Mason. 

DE- VOTER, n. One who devotes ; also, a worshiper. 

DE- VOTING, ppr. Giving or appropriating by vow ; sol- 
emnly setting apart or dedicating ; consecrating ; giving 
wholly ; addicting ; dooming ; consigning. 

DE-Vo'TION, n. 1. The state of being dedicated, conse- 
crated, or solemnly set apart for a particular purpose. 2. 
A solemn attention to the Supreme Being in worship ; a 
yielding of the heart and affections to God. 3. External 
worship ; acts of religion ; performance of religious du- 
ties. 4. Prayer to the Supreme Being. 5. An act of rev- 
erence, respect, or ceremony. 6. Ardent love or affec- 
tion manifested by constant attention. 7. Eager desire. — 
Shah. 8. Disposal ; power of disposing of ; state of de- 
pendence. — Syn. Consecration ; devoutness ; religious- 
ness ; piety ; attachment ; devotedness ; ardor ; earnest- 
ness. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to devotion ; used in de- 
votion. 2. Suited to devotion. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL-IST, \ n. A person given to devotion ; or 

DE-Vo'TION-IST, I one superstitiously devout. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL-LY, adv. In a devotional manner. 

t DE-Vo'TO, n. [It.] A devotee.— Spenser. 

t DE-Vo'TOR, n. One who reverences or worships. 

DE-VOUR', v. t. [L. devoro.] 1. Literally, to eat up ; to eat 
with greediness ; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or 
as a hungry man. 2. To consume with rapidity and vio- 
lence, as fire, pestilence, <fec. — 3. Figuratively, to enter 
upon and pursue with great eagerness ; as, "he seemed 
in swiftness to devour the way." — Shak. 4. To spend in dis- 
sipation and riot. 5. To consume wealth and substance 
by fraud, oppression, or illegal exactions. 6. To destroy 
spiritually : to ruin the soul. 7. To 6lay. 8. To enjoy 
with aridity ; as, to devour a book. — Syn. To consume ; 
waste ; destroy ; annihilate. 

DE-VOURJSD' (de-vourd), pp. Eaten; swallowed with 
greediness ; consumed ; destroyed ; wasted ; slain. 

DE-VOUR'ER, n. One who devours ; he or that which 
eats, consumes, or destroys ; he that preys on. 

DE-VOUR'ING, ppr. or a. Eating greedily ; consuming ; 
wasting; destroying; annihilating. 

DE-VOUR'ING-LY, adv. In a devouring manner. 

DE-VOUT, a. [It. dcvoto ; Fr. devot.] 1. Yielding a solemn 
and reverential attention to God in religious exercises, 
particularly in prayer. 2. Devoted to religion. 3. Ex- 
pressing devotion or piety. 4. Expressing a lively inter- 
est ; as, devout wishes for the good of any one. — Syn. 
Holy ; pure ; religious : prayerful ; earnest ; solemn ; sin- 
cere. 

f DE-VOUT, n. A devotee.— Sheldon. 

DE-VOUTLESS, a. Destitute of devotion. 

DE-VOUTLESS-LY, adv. In a way destitute of devoutness. 

DE-VOUTLESS-NESS, n. Want of devotion. 

DE-VOUTLY, adv. 1. With solemn attention and rever- 
ence to God ; with ardent devotion. 2. Piously ; relig- 
iously ; with pious thoughts. 3. Sincerely ; solemnly ; 
earnestlv. 

DE-VOUTNESS, n. The quality of being devout. 
DE-VOW', v. t. To give up. — Ben Jonson. 

DEW (du), n. [Sax. deaw.] Moisture precipitated from the 
atmosphere on the surfaces of bodies. 

DEW, v. t. To wet with dew ; to moisten. — Milton. 

DEW'-BENT, a. Bent by the dew.— Thomson. 

DEW'-BER-RY, n. The fruit of the genus rubus, the low- 
vined or creeping blackberry. 

DEW'-BE-SPAN"GL£D, a. Spangled with dew-drops. 

t DEW'-BE-SPRENT, a. Sprinkled with dew.— Milton. 

DEW'-BE-SPRINK'L£D, a. Sprinkled with dew. 

DEW'-DRENCHED (du'-drencht), a. Drenched with dew. 
DEW-DROP, n. A drop of dew, which sparkles at sunrise ; 
a spangle of dew. — Milton. 

DEW-DROP-PING, a. Wetting as with dew. 
DEW'-IM-PeARL-ED' (du'-im-perld'), a. Covered with dew- 
drops, like pearls. — Drayton. 
DEW-LAP, n. 1. The flesh that hangs from the throat of 
oxen, which laps or licks the dew in grazing. — 2. In Shaks- 
peare, a lip flaccid with age. 
DEW'-LAPT, a. Furnished with a dew-lap. 
DEW-POINT, n. The temperature at which dew begins 
to form. It varies according to the humidity of the atmos- 
phere. — Brande. 
DEW-W6RM (du'-wurm), n. A worm, called otherwise 

earth-worm, a species of lumbricus. 
DEW .ED (dude), pp. Moistened with dew. 
DEW'I-NESS, n. State of being dewy. 
DEWING, ppr. Wetting or moistening with dew. 
DEW'LESS, a. Having no dew. 



DEWY (du'e), a. 1. Partaking of dew ; like dew. Z. Moist 
with dew. 

DEX'TER, a. [L. dexter^ Right, as opposed to left ; a term 
used in heraldry to denote the right side of a shield or 
coat of arms. 

DEX-TER'I-TY, n. [L. dexteritas.] 1. Literally, readiness of 
limbs ; that readiness in performing an action which pro- 
ceeds from experience or practice, united with activity or 
quick motion. — 2. Figuratively, readiness of mind or 
mental faculties, as in contrivance, or inventing means to 
accomplish a purpose ; promptness in devising expedients ; 
quickness and skill in managing or conducting a scheme 
of operations. — Syn. Adroitness ; activity ; expertness ; 
art ; skill ; ability ; address ; tact ; cleverness ; facility ; 
aptness ; aptitude ; faculty. 

DEX'TRAL, a. Right, as opposed to left.— Brown. 

DEX-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being on the right side. 

DEXTRINE, n. In chemistry, gummy matter, into which 
the interior substance of starch globules is, convertible by 
acids or diastase. It is used in cookery. 

DEX-TROR'SAL, a. Rising from right to left, as a spiral 
line or helix. 

DEXTROUS, \a. 1. Ready and expert in the use of 

DEX'TER-OUS, 5 the body and limbs ; skillful and active 
in manual employment ; adroit. 2. Ready in the use of 
the mental faculties ; prompt in contrivance and man- 
agement; quick at inventing expedients. 3. Done with 
dexterity ; as, dextrous management. — Syn. Adroit ; ac- 
tive ; expert ; skillful ; clever ; able ; ready ; apt ; handy ; 
versed. 

DEX'TROUS-LY, \adv. With dexterity; expertly; skffi- 

DEXTER-OUS-LY, 5 fully; artfully; adroitly; promptly. 

DEX'TROUS-NESS, ) ^ . .. , .. 

DEXTER-OUS-NESS, \ n - Dexterity; adroitness. 

DEY (da), n. A Turkish title of dignity given to the gov. 
ernor of Algiers before the French conquest. 

DI, a prefix, a contraction of dis, denotes from, separation, or 
negation, or two. 

DlA, Greek, a prefix, denotes through. 

Dl'A-BASE^ «.. Another name of greenstone. 

Di-AB-A-Te'RI-AL, a. [Gr. Sia6atvu).] Border-passing. 
Mitford. 

Dl-A-BE'T£S, n. [Gr. Slatterns-] An excessive and morbid 
jlischarge of saccharine urine. — Coxe. 

Dl-A-BETIC, a. Pertaining to diabetes. 

Dl-AB'LE-RY, n. [Fr. diablerie.] Deviltry. 

Dl-A-BOL'I€, la. [L. diabolus.] Devilish ; pertaining to 

Dl-A-BOLTG-AL, 3 the devil ; hence, extremely malicious ; 
impious ; atrocious ; nefarious ; outrageously wicked ; 
partaking of any quality ascribed to the devil. 

Dl-A-BOLTG-AL-LY, adv. In a diabolical manner ; very 
jwickedly ; nefariously. 

Dl-A-BOL'I€-AL-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil. 

Dl-A-BOL'I-FY, v. t. To ascribe diabolical qualities to. 

Dl-AB'O-LISM, n. 1. The actions of the devil. 2. Posses 
_sion by the devil. — Warburton. 

jji-A-€AUS'TI€, a. [Gr. SiaKaia).] Belonging to curves 
formed by refraction. — Bailey. 

Dl-ACHT-LUM, ? n. [Gr. Sia and xuXoj .] A plaster original- 

Di-A€H'Y-LON, 5 ly composed of several juices (whence 
jts name), but now made of an oxyd of lead and oil. 

Dl-A-€o'DI-UM, n. The sirup of poppies. 

Dl-AC'O-NAL, a. [L. diaconus.] Pertaining to a deacon. 

Dl-AC'O-NATE, n. The office of a deacon. 

Dl-A-COUS'TIC, a. [Gr. Siokovw.] Pertaining to the science 
^)r doctrine of refracted sounds. 

Dl-A-€OUS'TI€S, n. That branch of natural philosophy 
which treats of the properties of sound refracted by pass- 
ing through different mediums ; called, also, diaphonics. 

Dl-A-CRITIC-AL, \a. [Gr. SiaKDiTiKos.) That separates or 

Dl-A-€RITT€, } distinguishes; distinctive. — Diacritic 
marks, marks or characters to distinguish letters of the 
_alphabet which greatly resemble each other. — Brande. 

Dl-A-DELPH'I-A, n. [Gr. Sis, Si, and aScXQos.] In botany, a 
class of plants whose stamens are united into two bodies 
or bundles by their filaments. — Linnaus. 

Dl-A-DELPH'I-AN, \a. Having stamens united into two 

DI-A-DELPH'OUS, J bodies by their filaments. 

DlA-DEM, n. [Gr. SiaSn/m.] 1. Anciently, a head-band or 
fillet worn by kings as a badge of royalty. — 2. In modern 
usage, the mark or badge of royalty worn on the head ; a 
crown ; and, figuratively, empire ; supreme power. 3 A 
jlistinguished or principal ornament. 

DiA-DEMjED, a. Adorned with a diadem ; crowned ; orna- 
mented. — Pope. 

DlA-DROM, n. [Gr. SiaSpo/ir].] A course or passing ; a vi- 
bration ; the time in which the vibration of a pendulum is 
performed. 

Di-jER'E-SIS, > n. [Gr. Siaipeau.] The dissolution of a diph 

Dl-ER'E-SIS, > thong ; the mark ( •■ ) placed over two 
vowels, denoting that they are to be pronounced as dis- 
tinct letters ; as, aer. 

Dl-AG-No'SIS, n. [Gr. SiayvumS.} The distinctive or dis 



See Synopsis. 1. E. T &c, long.— \, E , 1, &c., short— FAR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



DIA 



291 



DIA 



criminating knowledge of a thing, especially of a dis- 
ease. 

DI-AG-NOSTIG, a. [Gr. StayvuoTticoS.] Distinguishing ; 
characteristic ; indicating the nature of a disease. 

Dl-AG-NOSTI€, ft. The sign or symptom by which a dis- 
ease is known or distinguished from others. 

Dl-AG'O-NAL, a. [Gr. SiayiovioS-] 1. In geometry, extend- 
ing from one angle to another of a quadrilateral or multi- 
lateral figure, and dividing it into two parts. 2. Being in 
an angular direction. 

Dl-AG'O-NAL, ft. A right line drawn from angle to angle 
of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure, as a square or par- 
allelogram, and dividing it into two parts. 

Dl-AG'O-NAL-LY, adv. In a diagonal direction. 

Dl-AG'O-NOUS, a. In botany, having four corners. 

Dl'A-GRAM, n. [Gr. Stay pauua.] In geometry, a figure, 
draught, or scheme, delineated for the purpose of demon- 
strating the properties of any figure, as a square, triangle, 
circle, &c. — Anciently, a musical scale. 

Dl'A-GRAPH (di'a-graf ), n. [Gr. Sia and ypafyw.] A recent- 
ly-invented instrument, used in perspective. 

Dl-A-GRAPHTO, \a. [Gr. Sia and yp a <pu).] Descrip- 

Dl-A-GRAPH'I€-AL, $ tive. 

Dl-A-GRYD'I-XTES, n. pi. Strong purgatives made with di- 
agrydium, a preparation of scammony and quince juice. 

Dl'AL, ft. [Ir. diail.] An instrument for measuring time by 
the shadow of the sun. It is a surface, on which lines are 
drawn in such a manner that the shadow of a wire, or of 
the upper edge of a plane, erected perpendicularly on that 
jurface, may show the true time of the day. 

DFAL-PLITE, n. The plate of a dial, and also of a clock 
or watch, on which the lines are drawn, to show the hour 
or time of the day. 

Dl'A-LE€T, n. [Gr. StaXzinoS.} 1. The form or idiom of a 
language peculiar to a province, or to a kingdom or state. 
2. Manner of speaking or expression.— Syn. Language ; 
Jongue; speech; phraseology. 

Dl-A-LE€T'I€, \a. 1. Pertaining to a dialect or dia- 

DT-A-LE€T'I€-AL, $ lects ; not radical. 2. Pertaining to 
\">gie; logical; argumental. 

Dl-A-LE-GT'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a dialect. 

Dl-A-LE€-Tf"CLAN (di-a-lek-tish'an), n. A logician ; a reas- 
_oner. 

Dl-A-LE€TT€S, n. That branch of logic which teaches the 
jules and modes of reasoning. 

Dl-A-LE€TOR, n. One learned in dialectics. 

Di'AL-ING, n. The science which unfolds the principles of 
jneasuring time by dials ; or the art of constructing dials. 

Dl'AL-IST, ft. A constructor of dials ; one skilled in dialing. 

Dl-AL'LA-GE, n. [Gr. SiaWayn, difference.] A rhetorical 
figure by which arguments are placed in various points 
of view, and then turned to one point. — Smart. 

Dl'AL-LAGE, n. [Gr. SiaWayn-] A dark-green or bronze- 
colored laminate mineral, considered a variety of horn- 
blende or augite. 

Dl-AL'O-GISM, ii. A feigned speech between two or more. 

Dl-AL'O-GlST, 71. A speaker in a dialogue ; also, a writer 
jof dialogues. — Johnson. 

ft Il^IiItII-AL, } a - Havin S the form of a dial °^ Ue - 

Dl-AL-0-GlST'I€-AL-L Y, adv. In the manner of a dialogue. 

Dl-AL'O-GlZE, v. i. To discourse in dialogue. 

Dl'A-LOGUE (di'a-log), n. [Fr. dialogue.) 1. A conversation 
or conference between two or more persons ; particularly, 
a formal conversation in theatrical performances ; also, an 
exercise in colleges and schools, in which two or more 
persons carry on a discourse. 2. A written conversation, 
or a composition in which two or more persons are repre- 
sented as conversing on some topic. 

i Dl'A-LOGUE, v. i._ To discourse together ; to confer. 

Dl'A-LOGUE-WRiTER, n. A writer of dialogues or feigned 
conversations. 

Dl-ALY-SIS, «. [Gr. 8ia\vois.\ L A mark in writing or 
printing, consisting of two points placed over one of two 
vowels, to dissolve a diphthong, or to show that the two 
vowels are to be separated in pronunciation.— 2. In medi- 
cine, debility ; also, a solution of continuity. 

Dl-A-MAG-NETI€, n. or a. [Gr. Sia and uayvrj;.] A term 
applied to a class of substances which, under the influence 
of magnetism, take a position, when freely suspended, at 
right angles to the magnetic meridian, that is, point east 
and west. — Faraday. 

t Di-A-MAN'TtNE, for adamantine. 

DI-AM'E-TEEt ft. [Gr. Sianerpos.] 1. A right line passing 
through the center of a circle or other curvilinear figure, 
terminated by the curve, and dividing the figure symmet- 
rically into two equal parts. 2. A right line passing through 
the center of a piece of timber, a rock, or other object, 
from one side to the other. 

Dl-AM'E-TRAL, a. Diametrical, which see. 

Dl-AM'E-TRAL-LY, adv. Diametrically. 

Dl-A-METRI€-AL, a. 1. Describing a diameter. 2. Ob- 
serving the direction of a diameter ; direct. 



Dl-A-MET'RI€-AL-LY, adv. In a diametrical direction , 

directly. 
* D'f'A-MOND (dia-mond or di'mond), n. [Fr. diamant."\ 

1. A mineral, gem, or precious stone, of the most valuable 
kind, remarkable for its hardness, as it scj atches all other 
minerals. It consists of pure carbon. When pure, the 
diamond is usually clear and transparent, but it is 6ome 
times colored. When very transparent, diamonds are 
said to be of the first water, and of the second or third 
water as the transparency decreases. 2. A very small 
printing letter, the smallest used in English printing. 3. A 
jigure, otherwise called a rhombus. 

Dl'A-MOND, a. Resembling a diamond ; consisting of dia 
monds. 

Dl'A-MOND-HILT-ED, a. Having a hilt with diamonds. 

Dl'A-MOND-MlNE, ft. A mine in which diamonds are 
found. 

Dl'A-MOND-ED, \ a. Having the figure of an oblique- 

Dl'A-MOND-SHIPJED, $ angled parallelogram or rhomb- 
us. — Fuller. 

Dl-ANDRI-A, ft. [Gr. Sis, St, and avrip.] In botany, a class 
of plants having two stamens. — Linrueus. 

§™rou1; } a - Ha ™s **° stamens - 

t Dl'A-PASM, ft. [Gr. Siaizaaoti).] A powder or perfume. 
Dl-A-PA'SON, In. [Gr. Siairaowv.] 1. In music, the octave 
Dl'A-PASE, ) or interval which includes all the tones. — 

2. Among musical-instrument makers, a rule or scale by 
which they adjust the pipes of organs, the holes of flutes, 
&c, in due proportion for expressing the several tones 
and semitones. 

Dl-A-PENTE, ft. [Gr. Sia and ttcvte.] 1. In music, an an- 
cient term denoting a fifth ; an interval making the second 
of the concords. — 2. In medicine, a composition of five in- 
gredients. 

Dl'A-PER, ft. [Fr. diapre ; said to be from Ypres.] Figured 
linen cloth; a cloth wove in flowers or figures; much 
used for towels or napkins. Hence, a towel or napkin. 

Dl'A-PER, v. t. To variegate or diversify, as cloth, with fig- 
ures ; to flower. — Spenser. 

Dl'A-PER, v. i. To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth 

Di'A-PHaN.ED, a. Transparent. [Little used.] 

Dl-A-PHA-NE'I-TY, ft. [Gr. Statpaveta.] The power of trans- 
mitting light ; transparency ; pellucidness. 

Dl-A-PHANTG (di-a-fan'ik), a. [Gr. Stacbavrjf.] Having pow- 
er to transmit light ; transparent. — Raleigh. 

Dl-APH'A-NOUS, a. Having power to transmit rays of light, 
_as glass ; pellucid ; transparent ; clear. 

Dl-A-PHON'I€S, ft. [Gr. Sia and <pm 77.] The doctrine of re- 
Jracted sound. 

Dl-A-PHO-RE'SIS, rt. [Gr. Siafoprjais.] Augmented perspi- 
ration or sweat ; or an elimination of the humors of the 
body through the pores of the skin. 

Dl-A-PHO-RETIG, a. Having the power to increase per- 
spiration; sudorific; sweating. 

Dl-A-PHO-RETTG, ft. A medicine which promotes perspi- 
ration ; a sudorific. — Coxe. 

Dl'A-PHRAGM (di'a-fram), n. [Gr. Siatypayua.] 1. In anat- 
omy, the midriff', a muscle separating the chest or thorax 
from the abdomen or lower belly. 2. A partition or divid- 
ing substance, commonly with an opening through it. — 

3. In astronomy, a circular ring used in optical instru- 
ments to cut oft' marginal portions of a beam of light. 

Dl-A-PHRAG-MAT'I€, a. Pertaining to the diaphragm. 

Dl-A-PO-RE'SIS, ft. [Gr. Sianupnais.] In rhetoric, doubt 
hesitation. — Bailey. 

DI-a'RI-AN. a. Pertaining to a diary ; daily. 

Dl'A-RIST,_ft. One who keeps a diary. 

Dl-AR-RHE'A (di-ar-re'a), n. [Gr. Siappoia.] A morbidly 
frequent evacuation of the intestines ; a lax. 

Dl-AR-RHETie, a. Producing diarrhea or lax. 

Dl-XR-THRo'SIS, n. [Gr.] The movable connection ol 
bones. 

Dl'A-RY, ft. [L. diarium.] An account of daily events or 
transactions ; a journal ; a register of daily occurrences or 
observations. — A diary fever is a fever of one day. 

Dl'A-S€HIS'MA, ft. [Gr. Siawi™-] In music, the differ- 
ence between the comma and enharmonic diesis, com- 
monly called the lesser comma. 

Dl'AS-PORE, ft. [Gr. Siaoiru pu.] A rare mineral, occurring 
in lamellar concretions, of a grayish, greenish, or brownish 
color, which decrepitates with violence before the blow 
pipe. It consists of alumina and water. 

Dl-AS-TAL'TI€, a. [Gr. SiaaraXriKos.] Dilated; noble; 
bold ; an epithet given by the Greeks to certain intervals 
m music. 

Dl'AS-TASE, ft. [Gr. Sia and lorrjfii.] A peculiar substance 
generated during the germination of grain fcT the brewery, 
tending to accelerate the formation of sugar, during the 
fermentation of worts. 

Dl'AS-TEM, n. [Gr. Stacrriua.] In music, a simple interval. 

DT-AS'TO-LE, ft. [Gr. SiaorvXr).] 1. Among physicians, a 
dilatation of the heart, auricles, and arteries ; opposed to 



ttftVE :— BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER WCIOUS.— € as K ; a as J ; S as Z • CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



DIC 



292 



DIE 



systole, or contraction.— 2. In grammar, the extension of a 
syllable ; or a figure by which a syllable naturally short is 
made long. 
Dl'A-STYLE, n. [Gr. oia and <jtv\os.} An edifice in which 
three diameters of the columns are allowed for interco- 
lumniations. 
Dl-A-TES'SA-RON, n. [Gr. Sta and rsrrcapa.] 1. Among 
musicians, a concord or harmonic interval, composed of a 
greater tone, a lesser tone, and one great semitone. — 2. In 
Biblical literature, a harmony of the four gospels. 
Dl-A-THEB/MA-NOUS, a. [Gr. Sia and Sepiiatva.] Possess- 
ing free permeability to heat. Diathermal is also used. 
Dl-ATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr.] Particular disposition or habit of 

Jaody, good or bad. — Coze. 
Dl-ATOM-OUS, a. [Gr. Sia and reuvu).] In mineralogy, a 
term applied to crystals with one distinct diagonal cleav- 
age.— Mo ks. 
Dl-A-TON'I€, a. [Gr. Sia and rovos-] In music, a term ap- 
plied to the natural scale, which, proceeding by degrees, 
includes both tones and semitones. — Brande. , 

Dl-A-TON'ie-AL-LY, adv. In a diatonic manner. 
Dl'A-TRlBE, n. [Gr. Siarpi&n.] A continued discourse or 

disputation. — Bailey. 
Dl-ATRIB-IST, n. One who prolongs his discourse or dis- 
cussion. — Hammond. 
Dl-A-ZEu'TLG, a. [Gr. Sia^tvywyn.] A diazeutic tone, in 
ancient Greek music, disjoined two fourths, one on each 
side of it, and which, being joined to either, made a fifth. 
This is, in our music, from F to G.—Edin. Encyc. 
\ DIB, v. i. To dip.— Walton's Angler. 
DIB'-SToNE, n. A little stone which children throw at an- 
other stone. — Locke. 
DIB'BLE, n. A pointed instrument, used in gardening and 

agriculture, to make holes for planting seeds, &c. 
DIB'BLE, v. t. To plant with a dibble ; or to make holes 

for planting seeds, &c. 
DIB'BLE, v. i. To dibble or dip. [A term in angling.] 
DIB'BLER, n. One who makes holes to plant seed. 
DI-CI'CIOUS (de-ka'shus), a. Talkative.— Maunder. 
DI-GAC'I-TY (de-kas'e-te), n. [L. dicacitas.] Pertness. — 

Graves. [Rare.] 
Dl'CAST, n. [Gr. SiKaarn?.] In ancient Greece, an officer 

answering nearly to our juryman. — Mitford. 
DICE, n. pi. of die ; also, a game with dice. 
DICE, v. i. To play with dice.— Shah. 
DlCE'-BOX, n. A box from which dice are thrown in 

earning. — Addison. 
DlCE-MIK-ER, n. A maker of dice. 
Dl-CEPH'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. Sis and Kt<pa\n.] Having two 

beads on one body. — Lindley. 
DICER, n. A player at dice. 
DICH. This word seems corrupted from dit, for do it.— 

SJiakspeare. 
DI-CHASTA-SIS, n. Spontaneous subdivision. — Dana. 
Dl-€HASTI€, a. Capable of subdividing spontaneously.- - 

Dana. 
Dl-€HLAM-YD'E-OUS, a. [Gr. Sis and xX/^us.] In botany, 

having two coverings, a calyx and a corol. — Lindley. 
Dl-€HOTO-MlZE (di-kot'o-mize), v. t. To cut into two 

parts ; to divide into pairs. 
Dl-€HOTO-MOUS, a. [Gr. <5(%a and tvixvw.] In botany, 

regularly dividing by pairs from top to bottom. 
DI-€HOTO-MOUS-€OR'YMB£D. a. Composed of cor- 
ymbs, in which the pedicles divide and subdivide by pairs. 
Dl-CHOT'O-MOUS-LY, adv. In a dichotomous manner. 
DI-CHOT'O-MY (di-kofo-me), n. [Gr. Sixorouta.] 1. Divi- 
sion or distribution of things by pairs ; [little used.] — 2. In 
astronomy, that phase of the moon in which it appears bi- 
sected, or shows only half its disk, as at the quadratures. 
Dl'€HRO-ISM (di'kro-izm), n. [Gr. Sis and xpoa.] The 
property observed in some crystals, of presenting differ- 
ent colors when viewed in diiferent directions. 
DrCHRO-ITE, n. See Iolite. 

Dl-€HRO-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. fa and xpW*-] Having or pro- 
ducing two colors. — Gilbert. 
DICING, n. The practice of playing at dice.— Rich. Diet. 
DlC'ING-HOUSE, n. A house where dice are played; a 

gaming-house. [Little used.] 
DIGK'ENS, n. A vulgar exclamation in old writers for 

devil. — Shak. 
DICK'ER, n. In old authors, the number or quantity of ten ; 

particularly, ten hides or skins. 
DICKY, n. l. A seat behind a carriage for servants, <fcc. 

2. A sham bosom of a shirt. — Grose. 
DICLI-NATE, a. [Gr. fa and kXivw.] In mineralogy, an 
epithet applied to crystals in which two of the axes are 
Obliquely inclined, as in the oblique rectangular prism. 
DI-COCCOUS, a. [Gr. Sis and kokkos-] Two-grained; con- 
sisting of two cohering grains or cells, with one seed in 
each. 
OT-€0-TYL-E'DON, n. [Gr. Sis and kotvXtiSwv.] A plant 

whose seeds divide into two lobes in germinating. 
Dl-€0-TYL-ET)ON-OUS, a. Having two lobes. 



DIC'RO-TOS, n. [Gr. Sis and K poros-] A double or re- 
bounding pulse. 

DICTATE, v. t. [L. dicto.] 1. To tell with authority ; to de 
liver, as an order, command, or direction. 2. To order or 
instruct what is to be said or written ; as, to dictate a let- 
ter. 3. To direct by impulse on the mind ; as, a course 
which wisdom dictates. — Syn. To suggest ; prescribe ; 
point out ; urge ; admonish. 

DICTATE, n. 1. An order delivered. 2. A rule, maxim 
or precept delivered with authority. 3. Rule or direction 
suggested to the mind. — Syn. Command; injunction, 
suggestion ; impulse ; admonition. 

DICTa-TED, pp. Delivered with authority ; ordered ; di 
rected; suggested. 

DICTa-TING, ppr. Uttering or delivering with authority , 
instructing what to say or write ; ordering ; suggesting to 
the mind. 

DIC-Ta'TION, n. The act of dictating ; the act or practice 
of prescribing. — Paley. 

DIC-Ti'TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who dictates ; one who pre 
scribes rules and maxims for the direction of others. 2. 
One invested with absolute authority. — In ancient Rome, a 
magistrate, created in times of exigence and distress, and 
invested with unlimited power. 

DIG-TA-T6'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dictator ; absolute ; 
unlimited ; uncontrollable. 2. Authoritative ; imperious ; 
dogmatical ; overbearing. 

DICTA-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a dictatorial manner. 

DIC-Ta'TOR-SHIP, n. 1. The office of a dictator ; the terra 
of a dictator's office. 2. Authority ; imperiousness ; dog- 
matism. — Dry den. 

DICTA -TO-RY, a. Overbearing; dogmatical.— Milton. 

DIC-Ta'TRIX, n. [L.] A female who dictates or commands. 

DICTA-TURE, n. 1. The office of a dictator ; dictatorship 
2. Absolute authority ; the power that dictates. 

DICTION (dik'shun), n. [L. dictio.] Expression of ideas 
by words ; manner of expression. — Syn. Language ; 
style ; phraseology. 

DICTION-A-RY, n. [Fr. dictionnaire.] A book containing 
the words of a language arranged m alphabetical order, 
with explanations of their meanings ; a lexicon. — Johnson 

DICTUM, n. ; pi. Dicta. [L.] An authoritative saying oi . 
assertion. 

DID, pret. of do, contracted from doed. I did, thou didst, hf 
did; we did, you or ye did, they did. Did is used as thf 
sign of the past tense of verbs, particularly in interrogativt 
and negative sentences. 

DI-DACTIC, \a. [Gr. SiSuktikos.] Adapted to teach 

DI-D ACTIC-AL, 5 preceptive ; containing doctrines, pic 
cepts, principles, or rules ; intended to instruct. 

DI-DA€'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In a didactic manner; in aforn 
to teach. 

Di-DACTYL, n. An animal having two toes. 

Dl'DAP-PER, n. A bird that dives into the water, a speeia 
_of grebe. 

Dl-DAS-€AL'I€, a. [Gr. SiSacKaXixoS.] Didactic ; precep 
tive ; giving precepts. [Little used.] 

t DID'DER, v. i. [Teut. diddern.] To shiver with cold.- 
Sherwood. 

DID'DLE, v. t. To cheat or over-reach. — Holloway. 

DIDTjLE, v. i. To totter, as a child in walking. 

DID'DLING, n. A word in many places applied in fondness 
to children. 

Dl-DE€-A-HE'DRAL, a. [di and decahedral.] In crystallog- 
raphy, having the form of a decahedral prism with penta- 
hedral summits. 

Dl-DEL'PHYC, a. Relating to animals of the genus didel- 
phys, to which the opossum belongs. 

Dl-DEL'PHYS, n. [Gr. Sis and SeXcpvs-] A genus of marsu- 
pial animals, including the opossum. 

Dl-DO-DE€-A-H£'DRAL, a. [di and dodecahedral] In crys- 
tallography, having the form of a dodecahedral prism with 
hexahedral summits. 

Dl-DRA€H'MA (di-drak'mii), n. [Gr.] A piece of money, 
the fourth of an ounce of silver. 

DIDST. The second person of the imperfect tense of do. 

Dl-DUCTION, n. [L. diductio.] Separation by withdraw- 
ing one part from the other.— Boyle. 

Dl-DYM'I-UM, n. A metal recently discovered by M. Mo- 

. sander in the ores of cerium. — Ure. 

DID'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. SiSvuoS.] In botany, growing in pairs 
or twins. — P. Cyc. 

DID-Y-Na'MI-A, n. [Gr. St, Sis, and Svvauts.] In botany, a 
class of plants of four stamens, disposed in two pairs, one 
being shorter than the other. 

DID-Y-Na'MI-AN, )a. Containing four stamens, disposed 

Dl-DYN'A-MOUS, 5 in pairs, one shorter than the other. 

DIE, v. i. [Sw. do ; Dan. duer.] 1. Literally, to be deprived 
of life, either animal or vegetable ; as, man dies, plants die. 
— 2. Figuratively, 1. To perish ; as, my secret shall die with 
me. 2. To sink, as if perishing ; as, my spirit dies within 
me. 3. To sink gradually, like a dying person : with away , 
as, the sound dies away, the wind dies away. 4. To Ian 



fee Synopsis. A, f, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQQK. 



DIF 



293 



DIF 



guish with pleasure or tenderness. 5. To languish with 
strong desires ; as, " the young men are dying for her." — 
Steele. 6. To be indifferent or insensible, like one dead ; 
as, to die to the world. 7. To endure sufferings like those 
of death ; as, " I die daily." — 1 Co? , xv. 8. To perish eter- 
nally. — Syn. To expire ; decease •, perish ; depart ; vanish. 
DlE, n. ; pi. Dice. [Fr. de.] 1. A small cube, marked on its 
faces with numbers, from one to six, used in gaming, by 
being thrown from a box. 2. Any cubic body ; a flat tab- 
let— 3. In architecture, the cubical part of a pedestal, be- 
tween its base and cornice. 4. Hazard ; chance. — Spenser. 
DlE, n. ; pi. Dies. A stamp used in coining money, in foun- 

jleries, &c. 
Dl-E'CIAN and Dl-E'CIOUS. See Dioscian and Dicecious. 
Dl'ER. See Dyer. 
Dl-ER'E-SIS, n. See Dijekesis. 
Dl'E-SIS, n. [Gr. 6~ieois.] In music, the division of a tone, 

less than a semitone. 
Dl'ES NON. [L. dies non juridicus.} A day on which 

courts are not held, as the Sabbath, &c. 
Dl'ET, n. [L. di<zta.] 1. Food or victuals. 2. Food regu- 
lated by a physician, or by medical rules ; food prescribed 
for the prevention or cure of disease, and limited in kind 
or quantity. 3. Allowance of provision. 4. Board, or 
boarding ; as, to pay a fixed price for diet and lodgings. 
Dl'ET, n. [D. ryksdag ; Ger. reichstag.] An assembly of the 
states or circles of the Empire of Germany and of Poland ; 
a convention of princes, electors, ecclesiastical dignitaries, 
and representatives of free cities, to deliberate on the af- 
fairs of the empire. 
Dl'ET, v. t. 1. To feed ; to board ; to furnish provisions for. 
2. To take food by rules prescribed. 3. To feed ; to fur- 
nish aliment. 
Dl'ET, v. i. 1. To eat according to rules prescribed. 2. To 

eat sparingly.— Shah. 3. To eat ; to feed. 
Dl'ET-DRINK, n. Medicated liquors ; drink prepared with 

medicinal ingredients. 
Dl'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to diet or the rules of diet. 
Dl'ET- A-RY, n. Rule of diet; allowance of food, especially 

among the inmates of an alms-house. — Brande. 
Dl'ET-ED, pp. Fed ; boarded ; fed by prescribed rules. 
Dl'ET-ER, n. One who diets; one who prescribes rules 

for eating ; one who prepares food by rules. 
Dl-E-TET'I€, \a. [Gr. SiaiTvriicn.] Pertaining to diet, 
Dl-E-TETIC-AL, ) or to the rules for regulating the kind 

and quantity of food to be eaten. 
Dl-E-TETICS, n. Principles for regulating the diet. 
Dl'ET-lNE, n. A subordinate or local diet ; a cantonal con- 
vention. 
DI'ET-ING, ppr. Taking food; prescribing rules for eating ; 

taking food according to prescribed rules. 
DIEU ET MON DROIT (de-u'-a-mon-drwa'). [Fr.] God 

and my right. 
DIF-FAR-RE-I'TION, n. [L. dis and farreatio.] The part- 
ing of a cake ; a ceremony among the Romans, at the di- 
vorce of man and wife. 
DIFTER, v. i. [L. differo.] 1. Literally, to be separate. 
Hence, to be unlike, dissimilar, distinct, or various, in na- 
ture, condition, form, or qualities ; followed by from. 2. 
Not to accord ; to be of a contrary opinion ; as, men dif- 
fer greatly on this subject. 3. To be at variance ; to strive 
or debate in words. — Syn. To vary ; disagree ; dissent ; 
dispute; contend; oppose; wrangle. 
DIF'FER, v. t. To cause to be different or various. — Derham. 
DIF'FER£D, pp. Made different ; disagreed. 
OIF'FER-ENCE, n. 1. The state of being unlike or distinct ; 
want of sameness. 2. The quality which distinguishes 
one thing from another. 3. A contention between two 
parties. 4. The point in dispute ; ground of controversy. 
5. A logical distinction. 6. Evidences or marks of distinc- 
tion. 7. Distinction. — 8. In mathematics, the remainder of 
a sum or quantity, after a lesser sum or quantity is sub- 
tracted.— 9. In logic, an essential attribute, belonging to 
some species, and not found in the genus ; being the idea 
that defines the species.— 10. In heraldry, a certain figure 
added to a coat of arms, serving to distinguish one family 
from another, or to show how distant a younger branch 
is from the elder or principal branch. — Syn. Distinction ; 
dissimilarity ; dissimilitude ; variation ; diversity ; variety ; 
contrariety ; disagreement ; variance ; contest ; contention ; 
dispute; controversy; debate; quarrel; wrangle; strife. 
DIF'FER-ENCE, v. t. To cause a difference or distinction. 
DIF'FER-ENCED (dif 'fer-enst), pp. Caused to diner ; sep- 
arated. 
DIF'FER-ENC-ING, ppr. Causing a difference ; making 

different 
DIF'FER-ENT, a. 1. Distinct; separate; not the same. 
2. Various or contrary ; of various or contrary natures, 
forms, or qualities ; unlike ; dissimilar. 
DIF-FER-EN'TIAL (dif-fer-ren'shal), a. 1. In commerce, cre- 
ating a difference ; as, differential duties , [E7iglish.] — 2. In 
mathematics, an epithet used in fluxions, or the doctrine 
of infinitesimals ; as, the differential calculus (see Calcu- 



lus); a differential quantity (sec the noun Differen- 
tial). 

DIF-FER-EN'TIAL, n. In the differential and integral calcu- 
lus, if two or more quantities are dependent on each 
other and subject to variations of value, their differentials 
are any other quantities whose ratios to each other are 
the limits to which the ratios of the variations approxi- 
mate, as these variations are reduced nearer and nearer 
to zer^ — 4- D- Stanley. 

DIF-FEK EN'TIAL THER-MOM'E-TER, n. A thermome 
ter for measuring minute differences of temperature. 

DIF'FER-ENT-LY, adv. In a different manner ; variously. 

DIF'FER-ING, ppr. Being unlike or distinct ; disagreeing , 
contending. 

DIF'FER-ING-LY, adv. In a different manner. 

t DIF'FI-CILE, a. [L. difficilis.] Difficult; hard; scrupu- 
lous. — Bacon. 

t DIFTI-CILE-NESS, n. Difficulty to be persuaded. 

t DIF-FI-CIL'I-TITE, v. t. To make difficult. 

DIF'FI-CULT, a. [L. difficilis ; Sp. dificultoso.] 1. Hard to 
be made, done, or performed ; not easy ; attended with 
labor and pains. 2. Hard to be pleased ; not easily wrought 
upon ; not readily yielding ; not compliant ; not easily 
managed or persuaded; as, a difficult man to deal with. 
3. Hard to be ascended, as a hill ; or traveled, as a road ; or 
crossed, as a river, &c. — Syn. Arduous ; painful ; crabbed , 
perplexed; laborious; unaccommodating; austere; rigid. 

t DIF'FI-CULT, v. t. To perplex ; to render difficult 

DIF'FI-CULT-LY, adv. With difficulty. 

DIF'FI-CUL-TY, n. [Fr. dzfficultl] 1. Hardness to be done 
or accomplished ; the state of any thing which renders 
its performance laborious or perplexing. 2. That which 
is hard to be performed or surmounted. 3. Embarrass 
ment of affairs ; whatever renders progress or execution 
of designs laborious. 4. Objection; obstacle to belief; 
that which can not be easily understood, explained, or be- 
lieved. — 5. In a popular sense, bodily complaints ; indispo- 
sition. — Syn. Obstable ; impediment ; obstruction ; em- 
barrassment ; perplexity ; exigency ; distress ; trouble , 
trial ; objection ; cavil. 

DIF-FIDE', v. i. [L. diffido.] To distrust ; to have no confi- 
dence in. — Dryden. [Little used.] 

DIF'FI-DENCE, n, [It. difdanza ; Sp. difidencia.] 1. Want 
of confidence ; any doubt of the power, ability, or dispo- 
sition of others. — 2. More generally, want of confidence in 
our own power, competency, correctness, or wisdom ; a 
doubt respecting some personal qualification. 3. Modest 
reserve ; a moderate degree of timidity or bashfuluess. 
— Syn. Distrust ; doubt ; fear ; timidity ; apprehension 
hesitation. 

DIF'FI-DENT, a. 1. Wanting confidence ; doubting of an 
other's power, disposition, sincerity, or intention. 2. Die 
trustful of one's self ; not confident ; doubtful of one's own 
power or competency. — Syn. Distrustful; suspicious 
hesitating; doubtful; modest; bashful; reserved. 

DIF'FI-DENT-LY. adv. With distrust ; in a distrusting man- 
ner; modestly. 

t DIF-FIND', v. t. [L. diffindo.] To cleave in two : to split 
— Diet. 

DIF-FIN'I-TiVE, a. Determinate ; definitive. 

t DIF-FIS'SION. n. The act of cleaving or splitting. 

DIF-FL A'TION, n. The act of scattering by a blast of wind. 



— Diet. 
DIF'FLU-ENCE, 
DIF'FLU-EN-CY, 
DIF'FLU-ENT, 



n. [L. diffluo.] A flowing or falling away 

on all sides. 
Flowing away on all sides ; not fixed. 

DIF'FORM, a. [L. dis and forma.] 1. Irregular in form , 
not uniform ; anomalous. 2. Unlike ; dissimilar. 

DIF-FORM'I-TY, n. Irregularity of form ; want of uniform- 
ity. — Brown. 

DIF-FRACT', v. t. [L. diffractum.] To break or separate 
into parts, as light. See Diffraction. 

DIF-FRA€T'ED, pp. Broken or separated into parts. 

DIF-FRAC'TION, n. [from L. diffringo, diffractum, to break 
in pieces.] In optics, a change which light undergoes, 
when, by passing very near the borders of an opaque body, 
it forms parallel bands or fringes.— D. Olmsted. 

DIF-FRAN'CHi'SE, \ See Disfranchise, which is the 

DIF-FRAN'CHiSE-MENT. > word in use. 

DIF-FuSE', v. t. [L. diffusns.] 1. To pour out and spread, 
as a fluid ; to cause to flow and spread. 2. To send out 
or extend in all directions ; as, to diffuse information. — 
Syn. To expand ; spread ; circulate ; extend ; scatter ; 
disperse; publish; proclaim. 

DIF-FuSE', a. 1. Widely spread ; dispersed. 2. Using 
many words ; giving full descriptions ; as, a diffuse writer. 
3. Containing full or particular acco-mts ; not concise ; as, 
a diffuse style.— Syn. Copious ; prolix ; verbose ; expans- 
ive. 

DIF-FiJSED' (dif-fuzd'), pp. 1. Spread ; dispersed. 2. Loose, 
flowing ; wild. — Shaft. 

DIF-FCS'ED-LY, adv. In a diffused manner; with wide 
dispersion. 



D6VE;— BULL UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vt'ClOUS.— € as K: 



as J; 



as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DIG 



294 



DIG 



DIF-FuS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being widely spread. — 
Sherwood. 

DIF-FuSE'LY, adv. 1. Widely ; extensively. 2. Copious- 
ly ; with many words ; fully. 

DIF-FuS'ER, n. One who diffuses. 

DIF-FtJ-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being diffusible, or 
capable of being spread. 

DIF-Fu'SI-BLE (dif-fu'ze-bl), a. That may flow or be spread 
in all directions ; that may be dispersed. 

DIF-Fu'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Diffusibility. 

DIF-FuS'ING, ppr. Spreading; extending. 

DIF-Fu'SION (dif-fu'zhun), n. 1. A spreading or flowing of 
a liquid substance or fluid in a lateral as well as a lineal 
direction. 2. A spreading or scattering ; as, a diffusion of 
boughs and branches. 3. A spreading abroad in every di- 
rection ; as, the diffusion of knowledge. 4. Copiousness ; 
exuberance, as of style ; [little used.) — Syn. Extension ; 
spread ; propagation ; circulation ; expansion ; dispersion. 

DIF-Fu'SIVE, a. 1. Having the quality of diffusing, or 
spreading by flowing, as liquid substances or fluids ; or of 
dispersing, as minute particles. 2. Extended ; spread 
widely ; extending in all directions ; extensive. 

DIF-Fu'Sl VE-L Y, adv. Widely ; extensively ; every way. 

DIF-Fu'SIVE-NESS, n. 1. The power of diffusing, or state 
of being diffused ; dispersion. 2. Extension, or extensive- 
ness. 3. The quality or state of being diffuse as an author 
or his style ; verboseness ; copiousness of words or ex- 
pression. 

DIG, v. t. ; pret. digged, or dug ; pp. digged, or dug. [Sw. 
dika ; Dan. diger.] 1. To open and break or turn up the 
earth with a spade or other sharp instrument. 2. To ex- 
cavate ; to form an opening in the earth by digging and 
removing the loose earth. 3. To pierce or open with a 
snout or by other means, as swine or moles. 4. To pierce 
with a pointed instrument; to thrust in. — To dig down, is 
to undermine and cause to fall by digging. — To dig out, or 
to dig from, is to obtain by digging. — To dig up, is to ob- 
tain something from the earth by opening it, or uncover- 
ing the thing with a spade or other instrument, or to force 
out from the earth by a bar. 

DIG, v. i. 1. To work with a spade or other piercing in- 
strument ; to do servile work. 2. To work in search of ; 
to search. — To dig in, is to pierce with a spade or other 
pointed instrument. — To dig through, to open a passage 
through ; to make an opening from one side to the other. 

Dl-GAM'MA, n. [Gr. <5t S and ya/xua.) The name of a letter 
in the early language of Greece, which gradually fell into 
disuse, except among the iEolics. It had very nearly the 
sound of the English F, and was called digamma from its 
resemblance to two gammas, one placed above the other. 

f DIG'A-MY, n. Second marriage. — Herbert. 

Dl-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr. Sti and yaarnp.] Having a double 
belly ; an epithet given to a muscle of the lower jaw. 

- DlG'ER-ENT, a. [L. digerens.] Digesting. 

Dl'GEST, n. [L, digesUts.) 1. A collection or body of Ro- 
man laws, digested or arranged under proper titles by or- 
der of the Emperor Justinian. A pandect. 2. Any col- 
lection, compilation, abridgment, or summary of laws, or 
of the principles of any other science, disposed under 
proper heads or titles. 

I-GEST', v. t. [L. digestum.) 1. To bring into suitable 
classes, or under proper heads or titles ; to place in con- 
venient order, or in due method. 2. To draw out meth- 
odically in the mind ; to form with due arrangement of 
parts ; as, to digest the materials of a discourse. 3. To 
separate or dissolve in the stomach, as food ; to reduce to 
minute parts fit to enter the lacteals and circulate ; to con- 
vert into chyme. — 4. In chemistry, to soften and prepare 
by heat; to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler or matrass, 
as a preparation for chemical operations. 5. To bear with 
patience : to brook ; to receive without resentment ; not 
to reject ; as, to digest an insult. 6. To prepare in the 
mind ; to dispose in a manner that shall improve the un- 
derstanding and heart; to prepare for nourishing practi- 
cal duties ; as, " inwardly to digest" the instructions of the 
sanctuary. 7. To dispose an ulcer or wound to suppu- 
rate. 8. To dissolve and prepare for manure, as plants 
and other substances. — Syn. To arrange ; distribute ; dis- 
pose; concoct. 

DI-GEST', v. i. 1. To be prepared by heat. 2. To suppu- 
rate ; to generate laudable pus, as an ulcer or wound. 3. 
To dissolve and be prepared for manure, as substances in 
compost. 
DI-nEST'ED,£p. or a. Reduced to method; arranged in 
due order ; concocted or prepared in the stomach, or by a 
gentle heat ; received without rejection ; borne ; disposed 
for use. 

DI-GEST'ED-LY, adv. In a methodical and regular way. 
DI-GEST'ER, n. 1. He who digests or disposes in order. 
2. One whe digests his food. 3. A medicine or article of 
food that aids digestion, or strengthens the digestive pow- 
er of the stomach. 4. A strong vessel, contrived by Papin, 
in which to boil bony substances with a strong heat. 



DI-GEST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being digestible. 

DI-GESTT-BLE, a. Capable of being digested.— Bacon. 

DI-GESTING, ppr. Arranging in due order, or under prop- 
er heads ; dissolving and preparing for circulation in the 
stomach ; softening and preparing by heat ; disposing for 
practice ; disposing to generate pus ; brooking ; reducing 
by heat to a fluid state. 

DI-GES'TION (de-jesfyun), n. [L. digestio.] 1. The conver- 
sion of food into chyme, or the process of dissolving ali- 
ment in the stomach, and preparing it for circulation and 
nourishment. — 2. In chemistry, the operation of exposing 
bodies to a gentle heat, to prepare them for some action 
on each other ; or the slow action of a solvent on any 
substance. 3. The act of methodizing and reducing to 
order ; the maturing of a design. 4. The process of ma' 
turing an ulcer or wound, and disposing it to generate 
pus ; or the generation of matter. 5. The process of dis- 
solution and preparation of substances for manure, as in 
compost. 

DI-gEST'iVE, a. 1. Having the power to cause digestion in 
the stomach. 2. Capable of softening and preparing by 
heat. 3. Methodizing ; reducing to order ; as, " digestive 
thought." — Dryden. 4. Causing maturation in wounds or 
ulcers. 5. Dissolving. 

DI-GEST'IVE, n. 1. In medicine, any preparation or medi- 
cine which increases the tone of the stomach, and aids di- 
gestion ; a stomachic ; a corroborant. — 2. In surgery, an 
application which ripens an ulcer or wound, or disposes 
it to suppurate. — Digestive salt, the muriate of potash. 

DI-GEST'HRE, n. Concoction ; digestion. [Little used.] 

DIG'GA-BLE, a. That may be digged. 

DIGGED, pret. mid pp. of dig. 

DIG'GER, n. One who digs ; one who opens, throws up, 
and breaks the earth , one who opens a well, pit, trench, 
or ditch. 

DIG'GING, ppr. Opening or turning the earth with a spade. 

t DiGHT (dite), v. t. [Sax. diht.] To prepare ; to put in or- 
der ; hence, to dress, or put on ; to array ; to adorn. — 
Milton. 

DlG'IT, n. [L. digitus.} 1. The measure of a finger's breadth, 
or three fourths oi an inch. 2. The twelfth part of the 
diameter of the sun or moon ; a term used to express the 
quantity of an eclipse. — 3. In arithmetic, any integer under 
10 ; so called from counting on the fingers. Thus, 1, 2, 3 
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are called digits. 

DlG'IT-AL, a. [L. digitalis.) Pertaining to the fingers, or to 
digits._ 

DIg-I-Ta'LI-A. In. A supposed alkaloid obtained from the 

DIg-I-Ta'LiNE, j fox-glove, or digitalis purpurea. 

DIg-I-Ta'LIS, n. [L. digitus, a finger.] The plant called 
fox-glove ; a genus of plants. 

DlG'IT-ATE, > a. In botany, a digitate leaf is one which 

DIg'IT-a-TED, 5 branches into several distinct leaflets like 
fingers. 

t DIg'IT-aTE, v. t. To point out as with a finger. 

DIg'IT-ATE-LY, adv. In a digitate manner. 

DIg-IT-a'TIOK n. [L.} A division into finger-like pro- 
cesses. — Gilbert. 

DlG'IT-I-GRADE, n. [L. digitus, a finger or toe, and gradior, 
to walk.] An animal that walks or steps on his toes. 

DIcS'IT-I-GRADE, a. Walking on the toes. 

Di-GLa'DI-aTE, v. i. [L. digladior.) To fence ; to quarreL 
[Little used.) 

DI-GLa-DI-a'TION, n. A combat with swords ; a quarrel. 
—Ben Jonson. 

Dl'GLYPH, n. hi architecture, a projecting face, which has two 
panels or channels sunk in, while the triglyph has three. 

DIG-NI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of dignifying ; exaltation ; 
promotion. — Walton. 

D1G'NI-FI£D (dig'ne-f ide), pp. 1. Invested with dignity 
2. a. Marked with dignity. — Syn. Exalted ; elevated ; hon- 
ored ; noble ; august ; stately ; lofty. 

DIG'NI-FY, v. t. [Sp. dignificar.) 1. To invest with honor 
or dignity ; to exalt in rank or office. 2. To honor ; to 
make illustrious ; to distinguish by some excellence, or 
that which gives celebrity. — Syn. To exalt ; elevate ; pre- 
fer ; advance ; honor ; illustrate ; adorn ; ennoble. 

DIG'NI-TA-RY, n. An ecclesiastic who holds a dignity, or a 
benefice which gives him some pre-eminence over mere 
priests and canons. 

DIG'NI-TY, n. [L. dignitas.) 1. True honor ; nobleness or 
elevation of mind, consisting in a high sense of propri- 
ety, truth, and justice, with an abhorrence of mean and 
sinful actions ; opposed to meanness. 2. Elevation ; hon 
orable place or rank of elevation ; degree of excellence 
either in estimation or in the order of nature. 3. Eleva 
tion of aspect ; grandeur of mien. 4. Elevation of deport 
ment. 5. An elevated office, civil or ecclesiastical, giving 
a high rank in society ; advancement ; preferment, or the 
rank attached to it. 6. The rank or title of a nobleman.— 
7. In oratory, one of the three parte of elocution, consist 
ing in the right use of tropes and figures. — 8. In astrology 
an advantage which a planet has on account of its being 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, % I, &c, short. -FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BtRD ;- Mi VE, BOOK, 



DJL 



295 



DIM 



in some particular place of the zodiac, or in a particular 
station in respect to other planets. 9. A general maxim, 
or principle.— Brown; [not used.] 

DIG-No'TION, n. [L. dignosco.] Distinguishing mark ; 
distinction. — Brown. 

DIG'O-NOUS, a. [Gr.$£$ and yuvia.] In botany, having two 
angles, as a stem. 

Dl'GRAPH, n. [Gr. Sis and ypa<po).] A union of two vow- 
els, of which one only is pronounced, as in head. — Sheridan. 

DI-GRESS', v. i. [L. digressus.] 1. Literally, to step or go 
from the way or road ; hence, to depart from the main 
subject, design, or tenor of a discourse, argument, or nar- 
ration.— Locke ; [used only of speaking or writing.] 2. To 
go out of the right way or common track. — Shak. ; [not now 
in use.] — Syn. To deviate ; wander ; expatiate ; amplify. 

•JI-GRESSTNG, ppr. Departing from the main subject. 

JI-GRES'SION (de-gresh'un), n. [L. digressio.] 1. The act 
of digressing ; a departure from the main subject under 
consideration ; an excursion of speech or writing. 2. The 
part or passage of a discourse, argument, or narration, 
which deviates from the main subject, tenor, or design, 
but which may have some relation to it, or be of use to it. 
3. Deviation from a regular course. — Brown; [little used.] 

DI-GRES'SIONAL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in digres- 
sion ; departing from the main purpose or subject. — Warton. 

DI-GRESS'lVE, a. Departing from the main subject; par- 
taking of the nature of digression. — Johnson. 

DI-GRESS'xVE-LY, adv. By way of digression. 

Dl-6 YNI-A, n. [Gr. SiS and yvvr).] In botany, an order of 
plants having two styles. — Linnceus. 

Dl-GYN'I-AN, ? T j . ■ ■ . ; 

DlG'YN-OUS \ a " botany, having two styles. 

Dl-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. <5tj and eSpa.] Having two sides, as a 
Jigure. 

Di-He'DRON^. A figure with two sides or surfaces. 

Di-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. In crystallography, having the form 
of a hexahedral prism with trihedral summits. 

Dl-I-AM'BUS, n. In prosody, a foot consisting of two iam- 
_buses. 

Dl-Ju'DI-€ITE, v. t. [L. dijudico.] To judge or determine. 

Dl-Ju'DI-€A-TED, pp. Judged or determined by censure. 

Dl-Ju'DI-€I-TING, ppr. Judging by censure. 

Di-Jtj-DI-Ga'TION, n. A judging between ; judicial distinc- 
tion. 

DlKE, n. [Sax. die; Sw. dike; D. dyk.] 1. A ditch; an ex- 
cavation made in the earth by digging, of greater length 
than breadth, intended as a reservoir of water, a drain, or 
for other purpose. 2. A mound of earth, of stones, or of 
other materials, intended to prevent low lands from being 
inundated by the sea or a river. 3. A vein of basalt, green- 
stone, or other stony substance ; or an intrusion of melt- 
_ed matter into rents or fissures of stratified rocks. 

DlKE, v. t. To surround or protect with a dike ; to secure 
by a bank. 

JDiKE, v. i. To dig. 

DiKJED (dikt), pp. or a. Protected or secured by a dike. 

DIKING, ppr. Protecting by a dike ; making a dike. 

DlK'ING, n. The act of diking, or protecting by a dike. 

DI-LAC'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. dilacero.] To tear ; to rend asun- 
der ; to separate by force. 

DI-LAC'ER-a-TED, pp. Torn ; rent asunder. 

DI-LAC'ER-a-TING, ppr. Tearing ; rending in two. 

Dl-L AC-ER-a'TION, n. The act of rending asunder ; a tear- 
ing or rending. [In lieu of these words, lacerate, lacera- 
tion are generally used.] 

DI-La'NI-aTE, v. t. [L. dilanio.] To tear ; to rend in pie- 
ces ; to mangle. [Little used.] 

DI-La-NI-5/TION, n. A tearing in pieces. 

DI-LAP'I-DaTE, v.i. [L. dilapido.] To go to ruin; to fall 
by decay ._ 

DI-LAP'I-DaTE, v. t. 1. To pull down; to waste or de- 
stroy ; to suifer to go to ruin. 2. To waste ; to squander. 

DI-LAP'I-Da-TED, pp.ov a. Wasted ; ruined ; pulled down ; 
sutfered to go to ruin. 

DI-LAP'I-DA-TING,£pr- Wasting; pulling down; suffering 
to go to ruin. 

01-LAP-I-Da'TION, n. 1. Ecclesiastical waste ; a voluntary 
wasting or suffering to go to decay any building in pos- 
session of an incumbent. 2. Destruction; demolition ; de- 
cay; ruin. 3. Peculation. 

DI-LAP'I-Da-TOR n. One who causes dilapidation. 

DI-Ll-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting expansion 
by the elastic force of the body itself, or of another elastic 
substance acting upon it. 

DI-LaTA-BLE, a. Capable of expansion ; possessing elas- 
ticity ; elastic. 

DIL-A-Ta'TION, n. The expanding of a body into greater 
bulk by its own elastic power ; expansion ; a spreading 
or extending in all directions ; the state of being expanded. 

DLLaTE', v. t. [L. dilato.] 1. To enlarge or extend in all 
directions. 2. To relate at large ; to tell copiously or dif- 
fusely. — Syn. To expand ; swell; distend; enlarge; spread 
out ; amplify ; expatiate. 



DI-LaTE', v. i. 1. To widen ; to expand ; to swell or ex- 
tend in all directions. 2. To speak largely and copiously , 
to dwell on in narration. 

DI-LaTE', a. Expanded; expansive. 

DI-LaT'ED, pp. or a. Expanded; distended; enlarged so 
as to occupy a greater space. 

DI-LaT'ER, n. One who enlarges ; that which expands. 

DI-LaT'ING, ppr. Expanding ; enlarging ; speaking largely 

DI-La'TION, n. Delay. 

DI-LaTOR, n. That which widens or expands ; a muscle 
that dilates. 

DILA-TO-RI-LY, adv. With delay ; tardily. 

DILA-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being dilatory or 
late ; lateness ; slowness in motion ; delay in proceeding ; 
tardiness. 

DILA-TO-RY, a. [Fr. dilatoire.] 1. Literally, drawing out 
or extending in time ; hence, slow ; late ; tardy ; [applied 
to things.] 2. Given to procrastination ; not proceeding 
with diligence ; making delay ; slow ; late ; [applied to 
persons.] — 3. In law, intended to make delay ; tending to 
delay. — Syn. Delaying ; sluggish ; inactive ; loitering ; be- 
hindhand ; backward ; procrastinating. 

DI-LECTION, n, [L. dilectio.] A loving.— Martin. 

Dl-LEM'MA, n. [Gr. biXvuixa.] 1- I Q logic, an argument 
which presents an antagonist with two or more alterna- 
tives, but is equally conclusive against him whichever ot 
the alternatives he chooses. 2. A difficult or doubtful 
choice ; a state of things in which evils or obstacles pre- 
sent themselves on every side, and it is difficult to determ- 
ine what course to pursue. 

DIL-ET-TAN'TE (dil-et-tan'ta), n. ; pi. Dilettanti. [It.] 
An admirer or lover of the fine arts. — Burke. 

DIL-ET-TANTE-ISM, n. The pursuits and feelings of a 
dilettante. 

DIL'I-GENCE, n. [L. diligentia.] 1. Steady application in 
business of any kind ; constant effort to accomplish what 
is undertaken ; exertion of body or mind without unnec- 
essary delay or sloth. 2. Watchful attention ; as, " keep 
thy heart with all diligence." — Syn. Attention ; industry ; 
assiduity ^ constancy ; heed ; needfulness ; care ; caution. 

DIL'I-GENCE (dil'e-zhanse), n. The name of a kind of 
stage-coach used in France. 

DIL1-6ENT, a. [L. diligens.] 1. Steady in application to 
business ; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish 
what is undertaken ; not idle or negligent ; [applied to 
persons.] 2. Steadily applied ; prosecuted with care and 
constant effort. — Syn. Active ; assiduous ; sedulous ; la 
borious ; persevering ; attentive ; industrious ; careful. 

DIL'I-GENT-LY, adv. With steady application and care , 
with industry or assiduity ; not carelessly ; not negligently. 

DILL, n. [Sax. dil, dile.] A plant resembling fennel, but 
smaller. 

t DI-Lu'CID, a. [L. dilucidus.] Clear. 

f DI-Lu'CID-aTE, v. t. To make clear. See Elucidate. 

DI-LU-CID-a'TION, n. The act of making clear. 

DI-LtJ'CID-LY, adv. Evidently ; clearly. 

DIL'C-ENT, a. [L. diluens.] 1. Making liquid, or more fluid , 
making thin ; attenuating. 2. Weakening the strength of, 
by mixture with water. 

DIL'U-ENT, n. 1. That which thins or attenuates ; that 
which makes more liquid. 2. That which weakens the 
strength of; as water, which, mixed with wine or spirit, 
reduces the strength of it. 

DI-LuTE', v. t. [L. diluo, dilutus.] 1. Literally, to wash , 
but appropriately, to render liquid, or more liquid ; to 
make thin, or more fluid. 2. To weaken, as spirit or an 
acid, by an admixture of water, which renders the spirit 
or acid less concentrated. 3. To make weak or weaker, 
as color, by mixture. — 4. Figuratively, to weaken ; to re- 
duce the strength or standard of ; as, to dilute ideas. 

DI-LtJTE', a. Thin ; attenuated ; reduced in strength, as 
spirit or color. — Newton. 

DI-LuT'ED, pp. or a. Made liquid ; rendered more fluid ; 
weakened ; made t h in, as liquids. 

DI-LuTED-LY, adv. In a diluted form. 

DI-LuT'ER, n. That which makes thin, or more liquid. 

DI-LuTING, ppr. Making thin, or more liquid ; weakening. 

DI-Lu'TION (de-lu'shun), n. The act of making thin, weak, 
or more liquid. — Arbuthnot. 

DI-LtJ'VI-AL, I a. [L. diluvium.] 1. Pertaining to a flood or 

DI-Lu'VI-AN, > deluge, more especially to the deluge in No- 
ah's days. 2. Effected or produced by a deluge, particu- 
larly by the great flood in the days of Noah. — Buckland. 

DI-Lu'VI-AL-IST, n. One who explains geological phenom- 
ena by the deluge. — Lyell. 

DI-L€'VI-aTE, v. i. To run as a flood.— Sandys. [Rare.] 

DI-Lu'VI-UM, n. [L.] In geology, a deposit of superficial 
loam, sand, gravel, &c, caused by the deluge, or ancient 
currents of water. 

DIM, a. [Sax. dim.] 1. Not seeing clearly ; having the vis- 
ion obscured and indistinct ; as, dim eyes. 2. Not clearly 
seen ; imperfectly seen or discovered ; as, a dim prospect, 
3. Somewhat dark ; not luminous ; as, a dim shade. 4 



1)6 VE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— -AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.—€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



■ 



DIM 



296 



DIO 



Dull of apprehension; having obscure conceptions. 5. 
Having its lustre obscured. — Syn. Obscure ; dusky ; dark ; 
mysterious ; imperfect ; dull ; sullied ; tarnished. 

DIM, v. t. 1. To cloud ; to impair the powers of vision. 2. 
To obscure. 3. To render dull the powers of conception. 
4. To make less bright ; to obscure. 5. To render less 
bright ; to tarnish, or sully. 

DIM'-SHIN-ING, a. Giving a dim light. 

DIM'-SlGHT-ED (dim'sit-ed), a. Having dim or obscure 
vision. 

DIM'-TWINK-LING, a. Twinkling dimly.— More. 

f DIM'BLE, n. A bower ; a cell or retreat— B. Jonson. 

DIME, n. [Fr.] A silver coin of the United States, of the 
value of ten cents ; the tenth of a dollar. 

DI-MEN'SION, n. [L. dimensio.] 1. The extent of a body, 
or length, breadth, and thickness, or depth ; [usually in the 
plural.] — 2. Dimension of an equation, in algebra, a term 
used to denote the highest power of the unknown quanti- 
ty in an equation ; the same as degree. 

DI-MEN'SION-LESS, a. Without any de£nite measure or 
extent ; boundless. — Milton. 

DI-MEN'SI-TY, n. Extent ; capacity.— Howell. 

DI-MEN'SlVE, a. That marks the boundaries or outlines. 
— Davies. 

DIM'E-TER, a. [L.] Having two poetical measures. 

DIM'E-TER, n. A verse of two measures. 

Dl-MET'RI€, a. [Gr. 6ii and uerpov.] In mineralogy, a term 
applied to crystals whose vertical axis is unequal to the 
lateral, as the square prism and square octahedron. 

DIM-I-CI'TION, n. [L. dimicatio.] A battle or fight ; con- 
test. 

DI-MID'I-aTE, v. t. [L. dimidio.] To divide into two equal 



DI-MIDT-a-TED, pp. or a. [L. dimidiatus.] Divided into two 

equal parts ; halved. 
DI-MID'I-A-TING, ppr. Dividing into two equal parts. 
DI-MID-I-ATION, n. The act ofhalving ; division into two 

equal parts. 
DI-MINISH, v. t. [L. diminuo.] 1. To make less or smaller, 
by any means ; as, to diminish one's indebtedness. — 2. In 
music, to take from a note by a sharp, flat, or natural. — To 
diminish from, to take away something ; [obs.] — Syn. To 
lessen ; decrease ; abate ; liquidate ; reduce ; impair ; de- 
grade. 
DI-MIN'ISH, v. i. To become, or appear less or smaller. — 

Syn. To lessen ; decrease ; subside ; abate. 
DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. Capable of being diminished. 
DI-MINISH.ED (de-min'isht), pp. or a. Lessened; made 

smaller ; reduced in size ; contracted ; degraded. 
DI-MIN'ISH-ER, n. That which, or one who, diminishes. 
DI-MIN'ISH-ING, ppr. Lessening ; contracting ; degrading. 
DI-MIN'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen reputation. 

— Locke. 
DI-MIN- UEN'DO, or DIM., in music, directs to a decreasing 

volume of sound. 
DI-MINU-ENT, a. Lessening. [Little used.] 
\ DIM'I-NUTE, a. Small.— Gorges. 
f DIM'I-NUTE-LY, adv. In a manner which lessens. 
DIM-I-NuTION, n. [L. diminutio.] 1. The act of lessening ; 
a making smaller. 2. The state of becoming or appearing 
less. 3. Discredit ; loss of dignity ; degradation. 4. Dep- 
rivation of dignity ; a lessening of estimation. — 5. In archi- 
tecture, the contraction of the upper part of a column, by 
which its diameter is made less than that of the lower 
part. — 6. In music, the imitation of or reply to a subject 
in notes of half the length or value of those of the subject 
itself. — Syn. Decrease ; decay ; abatement ; deduction 
decrement. 
DI-MIN'U-TlVE, a. [Fr. diminutif.] Small ; little ; narrow 

contracted. 
DI-MIN'tJ-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word formed from an 
other word, usually an appellative or generic term, to ex 
press a little thing of the kind. 
DI-MINIJ-Tl VE-LY, adv. In a diminutive manner ; in a 

manner to lessen. 
DI-MINtJ-TiVE-NESS, n. Smallness ; littleness ; want of 

bulk ; want of dignity. 
DIM1SH, a. Somewhat dim or obscure. 
DI-MIS'SION (de-mish'un), n. Leave to depart.— Huloet. 
* DIM'IS-SO-RY, a. [L. dimissorius.] 1. Sending away ; 
dismissing from the diocese of one bishop into that of an- 
other ; as, letters dimissory. 2. Granting leave to depart. 
DI-MIT', v. t. [L. dimitto.] To permit to go ; to grant to 
farm ; to let. 
DIM1-TY, n. [D. diemit.] A kind of white cotton cloth, 

ribbed or figured. 
DIM'LY, adv. 1. In a dim or obscure manner ; with im- 
perfect 6ight. 2. Not brightly, or clearly; with a faint 
light. 
DIMMED (dimd), pp. Clouded ; obscured ; rendered dull. 
DIM'MING, ppr. Obscuring ; clouding the view. 
DIM'MING, n. Obscurity.— Shak. 
DIM'NESS, n. 1. Dullness of sight. 2. Obscurity of vision ; 



imperfect sight. 3 Faintness ; imperfection. 4. Want of 
brightness. 5. Want of clear apprehension ; stupidity. 

DI-MORPH'ISM, n. [Gr. Sis and uopQrj-} The property of 
crystallizing in two distinct forms, not derivable from one 
another. Sulphur assumes one form when crystallizing at 
a high temperature, and another wholly different when 
becoming solid at the ordinary temperature. — Dana. 

DI-MORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. Sis and pop^n.] Having the prop- 
erty of dimorphism. 

DIM'PLE, n. A small natural cavity or depression in the 
cheek, or other part of the face. 

DIM'PLE, v. i. To form dimples ; to sink into depressions, 
or little inequalities. — Dryden. 

DIM'PL.BD, a. Set with dimples. 

DIM'PLY, a. Full of dimples, or small depressions. 

DIN, n. [Sax. dyn.] Noise ; a loud sound ; particularly, a 
rattling, clattering, or rumbling sound, long continued. 

DIN, v. t. To strike with continued or confused sound ; to 
stun with noise ; to harass with clamor. 

DINAR-CHY, n. [Gr. <5 ( ? and apxn-\ & form of govern 
ment in which the supreme power is vested in two per- 
_sons. 

DlNE, v. i. [Sax. dijnan.] To eat the chief meal of the day. 

DlNE, v. t. To give a dinner to ; to furnish with the prin- 
cipal meal ; to feed. 

DIN ED, pp. Having eaten a dinner, or entertained with a 
dinner. 

t DI-NET'IC-AL, a. [Gr. SivrrriKos.] Whirling round. 

DING, v. t. ; pret. dung, or dinged. [Sax. dencgan.] To thrust 
or dash with violence ; hence, to ring. — Figuratively, to 
enforce, or urge; as, he kept dinging it into my ears 
[Little used.] 

DING, v. i. To bluster ; to bounce. [A low word.] 

DING'DONG. A term used to express the sound of bells. - 
Shak. 

DIN'Gl-NESS, n. A dusky or dark hue ; brownness. 

DIN'GLE, n. A narrow dale or valley between hills. 

DIN"GLE-DAN"GLE (ding'gl-dang'gl). Hanging loosely, oj 
something dangling. — Warton. 

DIN'gY, a. Soiled ; sullied ; of a dark color ; brown • 
dusky; dun. 

DlN'ING, ppr. or a. Eating the principal meal in the day., 
giving a dinner ; pertaining to dinner. 

DlN'lNG-HALL, n. A hall for a company to dine in. 

DINING-ROOM, n. A room for a family or for company 
to dine in ; a room for entertainments. 

DIN'ING-Ta/BLE, n. A table used for the purpose ->f 
dining. 

DINNjED, pp. Stunned with a loud noise. 

DIN'NER, n. [Fr. diner; Ir. dinner.] 1. The meal taken 
about the middle of the day ; or the principal meal of the 
day, eaten between noon and evening. 2. An entertain- 
ment ; a feast. 

DIN'NER-Ta'BLE, n. A table at which dinner is taken. 

DIN'NER-TlME, n. The usual time of dining. 

DIN'NER-LESS, a. Having no dinner.— Fuller. 

Dl-NO-THETJ-UM, n. [Gr. Seiros and Snpior.] A gigantic 
herbivorous, aquatic animal, now extinct. — Buckland. Set 
Deinothemum. 

DINT, n. [Sax. dynt.] 1. A blow ; a stroke. 2. Force ; vio 
lence ; power exerted ; as, by dint of great exertions he 
succeeded. 3. The mark made by a blow ; a cavity or 
impression made by a blow or by pressure on a substance , 
often pronounced dent. — Dryden. 

DINT, v. t. To make a mark or cavity on a substance bv a 
blow or by pressure. — Donne. See Indent. 

DINT'ED, pp. Marked by a blow or by pressure. 

DINTING, -ppr. Impressing marks or cavities. 

Dl-NU-MER-ITION, n. The act of numbering singiy 
[Little used.] 

* Di'O-Ce-SAN, a. [The accent on the first and on the third 

syllable is nearly equal.] Pertaining to a diocese. 

* Dl'0-C£-SAN, n. A bishop ; one in possession of a dio- 
cese, and having the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over it. 

Di'O-CeSE, n.- [Gr. HioiKrjai*;.] [This word is often spelled 
diocess, but this orthography is opposed to the derivation, 
and is not sanctioned by the best English usage.] The 
circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction ; an ecclesiastic 
al division of a kingdom or state, subject to the authority 
of a bishop L 

Dl-OC-TA-HETDRAL, a. In crystallography, having the form 
of an octahedral prism with tetrahedral summits. 

Dl'O-DON, n. The globe-fish, the name of a genus of fishea 
with undivided jaws, and covered externally with spines, 
jo as to resemble the fruit of the horse-chestnut. 

Dl-OS'CI-A,%. [Gr. Sis and oixos-] A class of plants having 
the stamens on one plant and the pistils on the other. — P 
Cyc. 

Dl-OS'CIAN, > a. In botany, belonging to the class dicecia, 

Dl-03'CIOUS, 5 having the stamens on one plant and the 
_pistil3 on another. 

Dl-OP'SIDE, n. [Gr. StoiptS-] A foliated variety of augite 
having a clear grayish green color. 



♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I «fec, Ion g.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— M5VE, BOQK, 



DIP 



297 



DIP 



DI-OP'TASE, n. A rare ore of copper occurring in emerald 
green crystals, and consisting of silica and copper with 
twelve per cent, of water. 

Dl-OP'TRI€, \a. [Gr. Sion-piKcS.] 1. Affording a me- 

Dl-OP'TRI€-AL, > dram for the sight ; assisting the sight 
in the view of distant objects. 2. Pertaining to dioptrics, 
or the science of refracted light. Sometimes written Di- 
optic and Dioptical. 

Dl-OP'TRI€S, n. That part of optics which treats of the 
refractions of light passing through different mediums, as 
through air, water, or glass. 

DI-O-Ra'MA, n. [Gr. Sia and opa^a.] 1. A contrivance for 
giving a high degree of optical illusion to paintings exhib- 
ited in a building prepared for the purpose. This is done 
chiefly by a peculiar distribution of light. By means of 
folds and shutters concealed in the roof, the intensity of 
the illumination may be increased or diminished at pleas- 
ure ; and the picture may thus be made to change its ap- 
pearance from bright sun-shine to cloudy weather, or the 
obscurity of twilight. Some parts of the painting, also, are 
transparent, and through these places increased light is at 
times admitted with surprising effect, giving to the diora- 
ma a character of nature and reality beyond that of any 
other mode of painting. 2. A building used for the pur- 
poses above described. 

DI-O-RAM'LG, a. Pertaining to a diorama. 

Dl'O-RISM, n, [Gr. ciopiona.] Definition. [Rarely used.] 

Dl-0-RIS'TI€, a. Distinguishing ; defining. [Rarely used.] 

Dl-0-RIS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In a distinguishing manner. 

Dl'O-RlTE, n. A species of trap rock. 

Dl-OR-THo'SIS, n. The straightening of a crooked limb. 

Dl-OS-POL'I-TAN, a. Pertaining to Diospolis or Thebes. 

Dl-o'TA, n. [L. and Gr.] In ancient sculpture, a sort of vase 
with two handles, used for wine. 

Dl-OX'Y-LlTE, n. [Gr. 6iS, ofys, and > ( 0off.] A native salt 
of lead, of a pale greenish or yellowish color, consisting 
of the carbonate and sulphate of lead. 

DIP, v. t. ; pret. and pp. dipped, or dipt. [Sax. dippan.] 1. To 
plunge or immerse, for a moment or short time, in water, 
or other liquid substance ; to put into a fluid, and with- 
draw. 2. To take with a ladle or other vessel by immers- 
ing it in a fluid ; as, to dip water from a boiler. 3. To en- 
gage ; to take concern. — Dryden. 4. To engage as a pledge ; 
to "mortgage. — Dryden; [little used.] 5. To moisten; to 
wet — Milton ; [unusual.] 6. To baptize by immersion. 

DIP, v. i. 1. To sink ; to immerge in a liquid 2. To enter ; 
to pierce. 3. To engage ; to take a concern ; as, to dip 
into the funds. 4. To enter slightly ; to look cursorily, 
or here and there ; as, to dip into a book. 5. To choose 
by chance ; to thrust and take. 6. To incline downward ; 
as, the strata dip, 

DIP, n. Inclination downward ; a sloping ; a direction be- 
low a horizontal line; depression. — In magnetism, the dip 
of the needle is its inclination downward from a horizon- 
tal line. — In geology, dip is the downward inclination of 

DIP'-CHI€K, n. A small bird that dives. 

Dl-PET'AL-OUS, a. [Gr. Sis and -etu^ov.] Having two 
flower-leaves, or petals ; two-petaled. 

DIPHTHONG (dif'thong), n. [Gr. &00oyyos.l A coalition 
or union of two vowels pronounced in one syllable. 

DIPH-THON"GAL (dif-thong'gal), a. Belonging to a diph- 
thong ; consisting of two vowel sounds pronounced in 
one syllable. 

DIPH-THON"GAL-LY, adv. In a diphthongal manner. 

DD?HTL-LOUS (dif'il-lus), a. [Gr. SiS and QvMov.] In bota- 
ny, having two leaves, as a calyx, <fcc. 

DD?'LO-E, n. [Gr. dii&ovS.] The soft meditullium, medulla- 
ry substance, or porous part, between the plates of the 
skulL 

DI-PLolMA, n. [Gr. Snr'Xufxa.] A letter or writing conferring 
some power, authority, privilege, or honor. 

DI-PLo'MA-CY, n. 1. The customs, rules, and privileges of 
embassadors, envoys, and other representatives of princes 
and states at foreign courts ; forms of negotiation. 2. A 
diplomatic body ; the whole body of ministers at a foreign 
court. — Burke. 3. The agency or management of minis- 
ters at a foreign court 4. Skill or dexterity in managing 
negotiations, &c. 

DI-PLo'MaTE, v. t. To invest with a privilege. 

DIP'LO-MATE, n. One skilled in diplomacy ; a diploma- 
tist. 

DIP'LO-Ma-TED, a. Made by diplomas.— Kennet. 

DIP-LO-MATT€, a. 1. Pertaining to diplomas ; privileged. 
2. Furnished with a diploma; authorized by letters or 
credentials to transact business for a sovereign at a foreign 
court. 3. Pertaining to, or composed of, ministers at a 
foreign court, or men authorized by diploma. 

DLP-LO-MATTC, n. A minister, official agent or envoy to 
a foreign court. 

DD?-LO-MAT'I€-AL-LY, adv. According to the rules of 
diplomacy. 

DIP-LO-MATl€S, n. The science of deciphering ancient 



writings, as diplomas, charters, &c, <md of ascertuninj 
their authenticity, date, &c. 

DI-PLo'MA-TIST, n. One skilled in diplomacy. 

DIPP.ED (dipt), pp. Plunged ; immersed. 

DIP'PER, n. 1. One who dips ; he or that which dips. 2. A 
vessel used to dip water or other liquor; a ladle. 3. One 
of a genus of birds of the thrush family, which delight in 
water. — 4. The Dipper, a name often applied to seven stars 
in the constellation of the Great Bear, otherwise called 
Charles's Wain. 

DIP'PING, ppr. 1. Plunging or immersing into a liquid 
and speedily withdrawing. 2. Engaging or taking a con- 
cern in. 3. Looking into, here and there ; examining in a 
cursory, slight or hasty manner. 4. Inclining downward 
5. Breaking; inclining. 

DIP'PING, n. 1. The act of plunging or immersing. 2. The 
act of inclining toward the earth ; inclination downward 
3. The interruption of a vein of ore. or stratum of a fossil, 
in a mine ; a sloping downward. 4. The act of baptizing 
by the immersion of the whole body in water. 

DIP'PING-NEE'DLE, n. An instrument which shows the 
inclination of the magnetic needle to the horizon at any 
jtiven place. 

Dl-PRIS-MAT'I€, a. Doubly prismatic ; having cleavages 
parallel to the sides of a four-sided vertical prism, and 
also to a horizontal prism. 

DIP'SAS, n. [Gr. <5i»//a$.] A serpent whose bite produces a 
mortal thirst 

DIP'TER-A, n.pl. [Gr. 8iS and ^repov.] An order of insects 
having only two wings, and two poisers, as the house-fly. 

DIP'TER.-AL, a. or n. In ancient architecture, a term denot- 
ing a temple which had a double range of columns on each 
of its flanks, as well as in front and rear. — Brande. 

DIP'TER-AL, ) a. Having two wings only ; belonging to 

DIP'TER-OUS, 5 an order of insects called diptera. ~ 

DIP'TOTE, n. [Gr. from SiS and in*™.] In grammar, a 
noun which has only two cases. 

DIP'TY€H, \n. [Gr. Sixtvxos-] In ancient history, a sort 

DIP'TY-GHUM, 3 of book or tablet folded commonly in 
two leaves, though it sometimes contained more. The 
term was particularly applied to a public register of the 
names of consuls and other magistrates among pagans ; 
and of bishops, martyrs, and others among Christians. 

DI-PyRE', n. A mineral occurring in minute prisms ; con- 
sidered as a variety of scapolite. 

Di-Ra-DI-a'TION, n. [L. diradiatio.] The rays of light emit- 
ted and diffused from a luminous body. 

DlRE, a. [L. dims.] Evil in a great degree. — Syn. Dread 
ful ; dismal ; horrible ; terrible ; gloomy ; mournful ; de- 
structive. 

DiRE'-LOOK-ING, a. Looking direfully. 

DI-RE€T', a. [L. directus.] 1. Straight ; right— 2. In astron- 
omy, appearing to move forward in the order of the signs, 
i. e., from west to east ; opposed to retrograde. 3. In the 
line of father and son; opposed to collateral. 4. Leading 
or tending to an end, as by a straight line or course ; not 
circuitous. 5. Open ; not ambiguous or doubtful ; as, di- 
rect dealing. 6. Plain ; express ; not ambiguous ; as, direct 
terms. — 7. In music, a direct interval is that which forms 
any kind of harmony on the fundamental sound which 
produces it; as, the fifth, major, third, and octave. — Di- 
rect tax is a tax assessed on real estate, as houses and 
lands. 

DI-RE€T', v. t. [L. directum.] 1. To point or aim in a 
straight line, toward a place or object; as, to direct the 
eye. 2. To point : to show the right road or course ; as, 
to direct a traveler. 3. To cause to proceed in a particu- 
lar manner ; as, to direct the affairs of the family. 4. To 
prescribe a course. 5. To point out a course of proceed- 
ing, with authority ; as, to direct the servants. Direct is a 
milder term than command.— Syn. To guide ; lead ; con- 
duct; dispose; manage; regulate; order; instruct; com- 
mand. 

DI-REGT, n. In music, a character placed at the end of a 
staff tc direct the performer to the first note of the next 
staff. — Busby. 

DI-RE€TED,£p. or a. Aimed ; pointed ; guided ; regulat- 
ed ; governed ; ordered ; instructed. 

DI-RE€TER, n. A director, which see. 

DI-RE€T'ING, ppr. Aiming; pointing; guiding; regulating; 
governinjr ; ordering. 

Df-RE€'TION, n. [L. dircctio.] 1. Aim at a certain point ; 
a pointing toward, in a straight line or course. 2. The 
fine in which a body moves by impulse ; course. 3. A 
straight line or course. 4. The act of governing ; as, the 
direction of affairs. 5. Regularity; adjustment 6. Pre- 
scription, either verbal or written; instruction in what 
manner to proceed. 7. The superscription of a letter, in 
eluding the name, title, and place of abode of the person 
for whom it is intended. 8. A body or board of directors. 
— Syn. Administration ; guidance ; management ; super 
intendence ; oversight ; government ; order ; command , 
guide ; clew. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; & as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as In this, t Obsolete 



DIS 



298 



DIS 



DI-RJ ICTl-TUDE, n. A word put by Shakspeare into the 
mouth of a servant, as a blunder for discredit. — Malone. 

DI-RL€T'iVE, a. 1. Having the power of direction. — 
Hooker. 2. Informing ; instructing ; showing the way. 

DI-RECT'LY, adv 1. In a straight line or course ; recti- 
lineally ; not in a winding course. 2. Without delay. 3. 
Without circumlocution or ambiguity, or without a train 
of inferences. — Syn. Immediately ; soon ; promptly ; in- 
stantly ; instantaneously ; openly ; expressly. 

DI-RECTNESS, n. Straightness ; a straight course ; near- 
ness of way. — Bentley. 

DI-RECT'OR, n. 1. One who directs ; one who superintends, 
governs, or manages; one who prescribes to others, by 
virtue of authority ; an instructor ; a counselor. 2. That 
which directs ; a rule ; an ordinance. 3. One appointed 
to transact the affairs of a company. 4. That which di- 
rects or controls by influence. Hamilton. — 5. In surgery, 
a grooved probe, intended to direct the edge of the knife 
or scissors in opening sinuses or fistulse ; a guide for an 
incision-knife. 

DI-RE€-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to directors or direction ; 
containing direction or command. 

DI-RECT'OR-SHIP, n. The condition or office of director. 

DI-RECT'O-RY, a. Containing directions ; enjoining ; in- 
structing. 

DI-RE€T'0-RY, n. 1. A guide; a rule to direct; particu- 
larly, a book containing directions for public worship, or 
religious services. 2. A book containing an alphabetical 
list of the inhabitants of a city, with their places of abode. 
3. The supreme executive council of France, in the Revo- 
lution. 4. A board of directors. 

DI-RECT'RESS, n. A female who directs or manages. 

DI-RE€T'RIX, n. 1. A female who governs or directs.— 

2. In geometry, a certain straight line, perpendicular to the 
_axis of a conic section. See, also, Dirigent. 

DlRE'FUL, a. Dire; dreadful; terrible; calamitous. — 
Dryden. 

DIRE'FUL-LY, adv. Dreadfully ; terribly ; wofully. 

DlRE'FUL-NESS, n. Calamitousness. 

DI-REMP'TION, n. [L. diremptio.] A separation.— Hall. 

DlRE'NESS, n. Terribleness ; horror ; dismalness. — Shak. 

DI-REP'TION, n. [L. direptio.] The act of plundering. 

DiRgE (durj), n. [L. dirige.] A song or tune intended to 
express grief, sorrow, and mourning. 

DIR'I-gENT, a. Directing.— Baxter. 

DIR'I-gENT, In. In geometry, the line or plane along 

DI-RE€T'RIX, J which another fine or plane is supposed 
to move in the generation of a surface or solid. 

DIRK (durk), n. A kind of dagger or poniard. 

\ DiRK. a, Dark.— Spenser. 

\ DtRK. v. t. 1. To darken. 2. To poniard ; to stab. 

DiRILED (durkt), pp. Stabbed. 

DiRK'ING, ppr. Stabbing. 

DiRT (durt), n. [Sax. gedritan.] 1. Any foul or filthy sub- 
stance ; excrement ; earth ; mud ; mire ; dust ; whatever, 
adhering to any thing, renders it foul or unclean. 2. Mean- 
ness ; sordidness ; [not in use.] 

DiRT, v. t. To make foul or filthy ; to soil ; to bedaub ; to 
pollute ; to defile. — Swift. 

DiRTIED (durfid), pp. Made filthy. 

DiRT'I-LY, adv. 1. In a dirty manner ; foully ; nastily ; 
filthily. 2. Meanly ; sordidly ; by low means. 

DiRTI-NESS, n. 1. Filthiness ; foulness ; nastiness. 2. 
Meanness ; baseness ; sordidness. 

DtRTY, a. 1. Foul ; nasty ; filthy ; not clean ; as, dirty 
hands. 2. Not clean ; not pure ; turbid ; as, dirty water. 

3. Cloudy ; dark ; dusky ; as, a dirty white. 4. Mean ; 
base ; low ; despicable ; groveling ; as, a dirty action. 

DiRT'Y, v. t. 1. To foul ; to make filthy ; to soil. 2. To 
tarnish ; to sully ; to scandalize. 

DiRTY-ING, ppr. Making filthy ; soiling. 

DI-RUP'TION, n. [L. diruptio.] A bursting or rending 
asunder. See Disruption. 

DIS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, from the Latin, 
whence Fr. des, Sp. dis and de may in some instances be 
the same word contracted. Dis denotes separation, a 
parting from ; hence, it has the force of a privative and 
negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. 

DIS-A-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Want of competent natural or bodily 
power, strength, or ability. 2. Want of competent intel- 
lectual power or strength of mind. 3. Want of competent 
means or instruments. [In this sense, inability is chiefly 
used.] 4. Want of legal qualifications ; as, disability to 
hold office. — Syn. Weakness ; inability ; incompetence ; 
impotence; incapacity. 

DIS-A'BLE, v. t. 1. To render unable ; to deprive of com- 
petent natural strength or power. 2. To deprive of men- 
tal power, as by destroying or weakening the understand- 
ing. 3. To deprive of adequate means, instruments, or 
resources. 4. To destroy the strength ; or to weaken and 
impair, so as to render incapable of action, service, or re- 
sistance. 5. To destroy or impair and weaken the means 
•which render any thing active, efficacious, or useful ; to 



destroy or diminish any competent means. G. To deprive 
of legal qualifications, or competent power ; to render in- 
capable ; as, attainder disables a man's children to inherit 
property. — Syn. To weaken ; unfit ; disqualify ; incapaci- 
tate. 

DIS-a'BLJ5D, pp. or a. Deprived of competent power, cor- 
poreal or intellectual; rendered incapable; deprived of 
means. 

DIS-I'BLE-MENT, n. Weakness; disability; legal imped- 
iment. — Bacon. 

DIS-a'BLING, ppr. Rendering unable or incapable ; depriv- 
ing of adequate power or capacity, or of legal qualifications. 

DIS-A-BuSE', v. t. [Fr. desabuser.] To free from mistake ; 
to undeceive ; to disengage from fallacy or deception ; to 
set right : with of; as, to disabuse a person of his errors. 

DIS-A-BuS£D' (dis-a-buzd'), pp. Undeceived. 

DIS-A-BuS'ING, ppr. Undeceiving. 

DIS-AC-COM'MO-DITE, v. t. To put to inconvenience 

DIS-A€-COM'MO-Da-TED. pp. Put to inconvenience. 

DIS-AC-€OM'MO-Da-TING, ppr. Putting to inconvenience 

DIS-AC-COM-MO-DI'TION, n. A state of being unaccom- 
modated ; a state of being unprepared. — Hale. 

t DIS- AC-CORD', v. i. To refuse assent.— Spenser. 

DIS-AC-CUSTOM, v. t. To neglect familiar or customary 
practice ; to destroy the force of habit by disuse. 

DIS-AC-€USTOM£D,#p. Disused; having neglected prac- 
tice or familiar use. 

DIS-AC-CUS'TOM-ING, ppr. Disusing ; neglecting familiar 
or customary practice. 

DIS-A€-KNoWL'EDGE, v. t. To deny ; to disown.— South 

DIS-A€-KN<5WL'EDg£D, pp. Denied; disowned. 

DIS-AC-KN5WI/EDS-ING, ppr. Denying; disowning. 

DIS-A€-QUaINT, v. t. To dissolve acquaintance. [Rare. | 

DIS-AC-QUaINTANCE, n. Neglect or disuse of familiari- 
ty, or familiar knowledge of. 

DIS-A-DORN', v. t. To deprive of ornaments. — Congreve 

DIS-A-DORN£D', pp. Deprived of ornaments. 

DIS-A-DORN'ING, ppr. Depriving of ornaments. 

t DIS-AD-VaNCE', v. t. or i. To check ; to halt. 

DIS-AD-VAN'TAgE, n. [Fr. desavantage.] 1. That which 
prevents success, or renders it difficult ; a state not favor- 
able to successful operation. 2. Any unfavorable state; 
a state in which some loss or injury may be sustained ; as, 
to work at a disadvantage. 3. Prejudice to interest, fame, 
credit, profit, or other good ; as, to buy or sell at a disad- 
vantage. — Syn. Detriment; injury, hurt; loss; damage. 

DIS-AD-VAN'TAgE, v. t. To injure in interest ; to prejudice. 

t DIS-AD-VAN'TAgE-A-BLE, a. Not advantageous. 

DIS-AD-VAN'TAgED, pp. Injured in interest. 

DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS (-ta'jus), a. Unfavorable to success 
or prosperity ; inconvenient ; not adapted to promote in- 
terest, reputation, or other good. 

DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS-LY, adv. In a manner not favora- 
ble to success, or to interest, profit, or reputation ; with 
loss or inconvenience. 

DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS-NESS, n. Unfavorableness to suc- 
cess ; inconvenience ; loss. 

t DIS-AD-VEN'TURE, n. Misfortune.— Raleigh. 

t DIS-AD-VEN'TUR-OUS, a. Unprosperous.— Spenser. 

DIS-AF-FECT, v. t. 1. To alienate affection ; to make less 
friendly to ; to make less faithful to a person, party, or 
cause, or less zealous to support it ; to make discontented 
or unfriendly. 2. To disdain, or dislike. — Hall ; [obs.] 3. 
To throw into disorder. — Hammond ; [obs.] 

DIS-AF-FECT'ED, pp. or a. Having the affections alienated ; 
indisposed to favor or support ; unfriendly. 

DIS-AF-FECT'ED-LY, adv. In a disaffected manner. 

DIS-AF-FECT'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being disaffected. 

DIS-AF-FECTING, ppr. Alienating the affections ; making 
less friendly. 

DIS-AF-FECTION, n. 1. Alienation of affection, attach- 
ment, or good- will ; want of affection ; or, more generally, 
positive enmity, or opposition of feeling. 2. Disorder; 
bad constitution. Wiseman ; [little used.] — Syn. Dislike ; 
disgust ; unfriendliness ; ill-will ; alienation ; disloyalty ; 
hostility. 

DIS-AF-FECTION- ATE, a. Not well disposed ; not friend- 
ly. — Blount. 

DIS-AF-FiRM' (af-furm'), v. t. 3. To deny; to contradict 
2. To overthrow or annul, as a judicial decision, by a con 
trary judgment of a superior tribunal. 

DISAFFIRMANCE, n. 1. Denial ; negation; disproof; 
confutation. 2. Overthrow or annulment, by the decision 
of a superior tribunal. 

DIS-AF-FiRM£D' (dis-af-furmd'), pp. Denied ; contradict 
ed ; overthrown. 

DIS-AF-FiRM'ING,j5^r. DerTing; contradicting; annulling. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. Tc strip of forest laws and their 
oppressive privileges. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ED, pp. Stripped of forest privileges. 

DIS-AF-FOREST-ING, ppr. Depriving of forest privileges 

DIS-AG'GRE-GaTE, v. t. To separate an aggregate mass 
into its component parts. 



Sat Synopsis. A, E, I, &c„ long.— X, E, I, &c, short,— F'/iR, FALL. WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK, 



D1S 



299 



DIS 



DiS-AG'GRE-G A-TED, pp. Separated, as an aggregate mass. 

DIS-AG'GRE-GI-TING, ppr. Separating, as the parts of an 
aggregate body. 

DIS-AG-GRE-GI'TION, n. The act or operation of separa- 
ting an aggregate body into its component parts. 

DIS-A-GREE', v. i: 1. To be not accordant or coincident ; 
to be not the same ; to be not exactly similar ; as, their 
stories disagree. 2. To be of a different opinion. 3. To 
be unsuitable ; as, this diet disagrees with my health. 4. 
To be in a state of opposition ; as, this disagrees with all 
my previous views. Commonly followed by with. — Syn. 
To differ ; vary ; dissent. 

UIS-A-GREEA-BLE, a. 1. Contrary ; unsuitable ; not con- 
formable; not congruous; [little used.] 2. Unpleasing; 
offensive to the mind, or to the senses. 

DIS-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Unsuitableness ; contra- 
riety. 2. Unpleasantness; offensiveness to the mind, or 
to the senses. 

DIS-A-GREEA-BLY, adv. Unsuitably ; unpleasantly ; of- 
fensively. 

DIS-A-GREED', pret. and#p. of Disagree. 

DIS-A-GREE'ING, ppr. Differing ; not according or coin- 
ciding. 

DIS-A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. Difference, either in form or 
essence. 2. Difference of opinion or sentiments. 3. Un- 
suitableness. — Syn. Difference ; diversity ; dissimilitude ; 
unlikenesss ; discrepancy ; variance ; dissent ; misunder- 
standing ; dissention ; division ; dispute ; jar ; wrangle ; 
discord._ 

DIS-AL-Ll'£D (-al-lide'), pp. 1. Improperly allied. 2. a. 
Separated from alliance. 

\ DIS-AL-LIegE', v. t. To alienate from allegiance. 

DIS-AL-LOW, v. t. [dis and allow.] 1. To refuse permis- 
sion, or not to permit ; not to grant ; not to make or sup- 
pose lawful ; not to authorize. 2. To testify dislike or 
disapprobation; to refuse assent. 3. Not to approve; 
not to receive. 4. Not to allow or admit as just ; as, to 
disallow a charge. — Syn. To disapprove ; prohibit ; cen- 
sure ; condemn ; reject. 

DIS-AL-LOW, v. i. To refuse permission; not to grant. 

DIS-AL-LOW'A-BLE, a. Not allowable ; not to be suffered. 

DIS-AL-LOW'ANCE, n. Refusal to admit or permit.— Syn. 
Disapprobation ; prohibition ; condemnation ; censure ; 
rejection. 

D1S-AL-LOW.ED' (dis-al-lowd'), pp. Not granted, permit- 
ted, or admitted ; disapproved ; rejected. 

DIS- AL-L OWING, ppr. Not permitting ; not admitting ; 
disapproving; rejecting. 

DIS-AL-LY', v. t. To form an improper alliance. 

DIS-AL-LY'ING, ppr. Forming an improper alliance. 

DIS-AN€H'OR, v. t. To force from its anchors. 

t DIS-AN-GEL'I€-AL, a. Not angelical.— Coventry. 

DIS-AN'I-MaTE, v. t. 1. To deprive of life; [not used.] 2. 
To deprive of spirit or courage; to discourage; to dis- 
hearten ; to deject. 

DIS-ANI-Ma-TED, pp. Discouraged ; dispirited. 

DIS-AN'I-Ma-TING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening. 

DIS-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. 1. The act of discouraging ; depres- 
sion of spirits. 2. Privation of life ; [not used.] 

DIS-AN-NEX', v. t. To disunite ; to separate that which has 
been annexed. 

DIS-AN-NUL', v. t. To annul ; to make void ; to deprive of 
authority or force. [Annul is the proper word.] 

DIS-AN-NUL'MENT, n. See Annulment. 

DIS-A-NOINT', v. t. To render consecration invalid. 

DIS-AP-P AR'EL, v. t. To disrobe ; to strip of raiment. 

DIS-AP-PeAR', v. i. 1. To vanish from the sight ; to recede 
from the view; to become invisible. 2. To cease ; as, the 
disease has disappeared. 3. To withdraw from observa- 
tion ; as ± the thief has disappeared. 

DIS-AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. Cessation of appearance; a re- 
moval from sight. 

DIS-AP-Pe AILED', pp. Removed from sight ; vanished ; be- 
come invisible. 

DIS-AP-PeARTNG, ppr. Vanishing ; receding from the 
sight ; becoming invisible. 

DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, n. A vanishing or removal from sight. 

PIS-AP-POINT, v. t. 1. To defeat of expectation, wish, 
hope, desire, or intention ; to hinder from the possession 
or enjoyment of that which was intended, desired, hoped, 
or expected. 2. To prevent an effect intended ; as, to dis- 
appoint one's efforts. Addison. — Syn. To fail ; frustrate ; 
balk ; baffle ; delude ; foil ; defeat. 

DIS-AP-POINTED, pp. or a. Defeated of expectation, hope, 
desire, or design ; frustrated. Disappointed is used by 
Shakspeare in Hamlet, act 1, scene 5, for unprepared, cor- 
responding to weZZ-appointed, which means well furnished 
or prepared. 

DIS-AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Defeating of expectation, hope, 
desire, or purpose ; frustrating. 

DIS-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Defeat or failure of expectation, 
hope, wish, desire, or intention ; failure of design or plan. 
—Syn. Miscarriage; frustration ; balk. 



DIS-AP-PRe'CIaTE, v. t. To undervalue ; not to esteem. 

DIS-AP-PRe'CIa-TED, pp. Undervalued. 

DIS-AP-PRe'CIa-TING, ppr. Undervaluing. 

DIS-AP-PRO-Ba'TION, n. A disapproving ; dislike ; the act 
of the mind which condemns what is supposed to be 
wrong. 

DIS-AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY,a. Containing disapprobation ; tend- 
ing to disapprove. 

DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Not appropriated, or not having 
appropriated. 

DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-aTE, v. t. 1. To sever or separate, as an 
appropriation ; to withdraw from an appropriate use. 2. 
To deprive of appropriated property, as a church. 

DIS-AP-PRoV'AL, n. Disapprobation ; dislike. 

DIS-AP-PRoVE' (-ap-prooV), v. t. [Fr. desapprouver.] 1. To 
dislike ; to condemn in opinion or judgment ; to censure 
as wrong. 2. To manifest dislike or disapprobation. 3. 
To reject, as disliked, what is proposed for sanction ; as, 
the sentence of the court martial was disapproved by the 
general. 

DIS-AP -PROVED' (dis-ap-proovd'), pp. Disliked ; condemn- 
ed; rejected. 

DIS-AP-PRoVTNG, ppr. Disliking ; condemning ; rejecting 
from dislike. 

DIS-AP-PRoV'ING-LY, adv. By disapprobation. 

t DISARD, n. [Sax. dysig.] A prattler : a boasting talker. 

DIS-ARM', v. t. [Fr. desarmer.] 1. To deprive of arms ; to 
take the arms or weapons from, usually by force or au- 
thority. 2. To deprive of means of attack or defense. 3. 
To deprive of force, strength, or means of annoyance ; to 
render harmless ; to quell ; as, to disarm opposition. 4. 
To strip ; to divest of any thing injurious or threatening ; 
as, to disarm poverty of its terrors : followed by of. 

DIS-ARMA-MENT, n. Act of disarming. 

DIS-XRM.ED' (diz-armd'), pp. or a. Deprived of arms, 
stripped of the means of defense or annoyance ; rendered 
harmless; subdued. 

DIS-ARM'ER, n. One who deprives of arms. 

DIS-aRMTNG, ppr. Stripping of arms or weapons ; subdu 
ing ; rendering harmless, n. The act of depriving of arms. 

DIS-AR-RaNgE', v. t. To put out of order ; to unsettle or 
disturb the order or due arrangement of parts. — Warton. 
See Derange. 

DIS-AR.-RaNg.ED', pp. Put out of order ; disturbed. 

DIS-AR-RaNgE'MENT, n. The act of disturbing order ot 
method ; disorder. — Baxter. 

DIS-AR-RaNG'ING, ppr. Putting out of order. 

DIS-AR-RaY' (-ar-ra'), v. t. 1. To undress; to divest oi 
clothes. — Spenser. 2. To throw into disorder ; to rout, us 
troops. 

DIS-AR-RaY', n. 1. Disorder ; confusion ; loss or want of 
array or_ regular order. 2. Undress. 

DIS-AR.-RaY.ED' (dis-ar-rade'), pp. Divested of clothes or 
array ; disordered. 

DIS-AR-RaYTNG, ppr. Divesting of clothes ; throwing into 
disorder. 

t DIS-AS-SI-Du'I-TY, n. Want of assiddty or care. 

DIS-AS-So'CIaTE, v. t. To disunite ; to disconnect things 
associated. 

DIS-AS-So'CIa-TED, pp. Disunited. 

DIS-AS-So'CIa-TING, ppr. Disuniting. 

DIS-AS'TER, n. [Fr. desastre.] 1. A blast or stroke of an 
unfavorable planet. — Shak.; [obs.] 2. Any unfortunate 
event, especially a sudden misfortune. — Syn. Misfortune , 
mishap ; calamity ; mischance ; unhappiness ; grief. 

DIS-AS'TER, v. t. To blast by the stroke of an unlucky 
planet ; also, to injure ; to afflict. — Shak. 

DIS-ASTER.ED, pp. Blasted; injured; afflicted. 

DIS-AS'TROUS, a. 1. Unlucky ; unfortunate ; calamitous , 
occasioning loss or injury. 2. Gloomy; dismal; threat- 
ening disaster. 

DIS-AS'TROUS-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; in a dismal man- 
ner. 

DIS-AS'TROUS-NESS, n. Unfortunateness ; calamitous- 
ness. 

DIS-AU'THOR-lZE, v. t. To deprive of credit or authority. 
— Wotton. [Little used.] 

DIS-A-VOUCH', v. t. To retract profession ; to deny ; to 
disown. — Davies. [Little used.] 

DIS-A-VOW, v. t. 1. To deny ; to disown ; to deny to be 
true, as a fact or charge respecting one's self; as, to dis- 
avow the charge. 2. To deny ; to disown ; to reject ; to 
disclaim ; as, to disavow a party, or its principles. 3. To 
dissent from ; not to admit as true or justifiable ; net to 
vindicate, as when a government disavows the act of one 
of its agents. 

DIS-A-VOWAL, 72. 1. Denial ; a disowning. 2. Rejection ; 
a declining tn vindicate. 

DIS-A-VOW.ED' (dis-a-vowd'), pp. Denied ; disowned. 

D1S-A-VOWING, ppr. Denying ; disowning ; rejecting aa 
somethinsr not to be maintained or vindicated. 

DIS-A-VOWMENT, n. Denial ; a disowning.— Wotton. 

DIS-BAND', v. t. 1. To dismiss from miijtary service ; to 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ; — AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DIS 



300 



DIS 



Break up a band or body of men enlisted. 2. To scatter ; 
to disperse. 

DIS-BAND', v. i. 1. To retire from military service ; to sep- 
arate ; to break up. 2. To separate ; to dissolve connec- 
tion. — Tillotson. 3. To be dissolved. — Herbert ; [obs.] 

DIS-BAND'ED, pp. or a. Dismissed from military service ; 
separated. 

DIS-BAND'ING, ppr. Dismissing from military service ; 
separating ; dissolving connection. 

DIS-BaRK', v. t. [Fr. debarquer. We now use debark and 
disembark.] To land from a ship ; to put on shore. — Pope. 

DIS-BE-LIeF', n. Refusal of credit or faith ; denial of be- 
lief. — Tillotson. — Syn. Distrust; unbelief; skepticism. 

DIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. Not to believe ; to hold not to be true 
or not to exist ; to refuse to credit. 

DIS-BE-LIEV.ED (dis-be-leevd'), pp. Not believed; dis- 
credited^ 

DIS-BE-LIeV'ER, n. One who refuses belief; one who de- 
nies to be true or real. — Watts. 

DIS-BE-LlEVTNG,£pr. Withholding belief ; discrediting. 

DIS-BENCH', v. t. To drive from a bench or sett—Shak. 

\ DIS-BLaME', v. t. To clear from blame. — Chaucer. 

DIS-BOD'LED, a. Disembodied, [which is the word now used.] 

DIS-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the intestines. 

DIS-BOW'EL ED, pp. Deprived of intestines. 

DIS-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking out the intestines. 

DIS-BRiNCH', v. t. 1. To cut otf or separate, as the branch 
of a tree. 2. To deprive of branches. — Evelyn. 

DIS-BUD', v. t. To deprive of buds or shoots. 

DIS-BUR'DEN (dis-bur'dn), v. t. 1. To remove a burden 
from. 2. To throw oft" a burden ; to clear of any thing 
weighty, troublesome, or cumbersome : with of. — Syn. 
To unload ; discharge ; disencumber ; free ; relieve. 

DIS-BURD.EN, v. i. To ease the mind ; to be relieved. 

DIS-BUR'DENJSD (dis-bur'dnd), pp. Eased of a burden ; 
unloaded ; disencumbered, 

DIS-BURDEN-ING, ppr. Unloading ; discharging ; throw- 
ing off a burden ; disencumbering. 

D1S-BURSE' (dis-burs'), v. t. [Fr. debourser.] To pay out, 
as money ; to spend or lay out ; primarily, to pay money 
from a public chest or treasury ; but applicable to a pri- 
vate purse. 

DIS-BURSJED' (dis-bursf), pp. Paid out ; expended. 

DIS-BURSE'MENT, n. [Fr. dcboursement.] 1. The act of 
paying out ; as money from a public or private chest. 2. 
The money or sum paid out. 

DIS-BURS'ER, n. One who pays out or disburses money. 

DIS-BURS'ING, ppr. or a. Paying out or expending. 

DISC, n. [L. discus.] The face or visible projection of a 
celestial body. See Disk. 

DIS-CAL'CE-aTE, v. t. [L. discalceatus.] To pull off the 
shoes or sandals. 

DIS-CAL'CE-I-TED, pp. Stripped of shoes. 

DIS-CAL-CE-I'TION, n. The act of pulling off the shoes 
or sandals. — Brown. 

DIS-CAN'DY, v. i. [dis and candy.] To melt ; to dissolve. — 
Shak. 

DIS-CaRD', v. t. [Sp. descartar.] 1. Literally, to throw out 
of the hand such cards as are useless ; [not used.] 2. To 
turn out from service or employment, or from society ; 
to cast oft". 3. To thrust away ; to reject ; as, to discard 
erroneous opinions. — Syn. To dismiss ; displace ; dis- 
charge ; cashier. 

DIS-CARD'ED, pp. or a. Thrown out; dismissed from 
service ; rejected. 

DIS-€aRD'ING, ppr. Throwing out ; dismissing from em- 
ployment; rejecting. 

t DIS-CaRD'URE, n. Dismissal.— Hayter. 

DIS-CaR'NATE, a. [dis, and L. caro.] Stripped of flesh. 

DIS-€aSE',».«. [dis and case.] To take off a covering from; 
to strip ; to undress. — Sliak. 

{• DIS-CEP-Ta'TION, n. Controversy ; disputation.— Fox. 

\ DIS-CEP-Ta'TOR n. [L.] One who arbitrates or decides. 

DiS-CERN' (diz-zern'), v. t. [L. discerno.] 1. To separate 
by the eye, or by the understanding. 2. To see the differ- 
ence between two or more things. 3. To make the differ- 
ence ; [obs.] 4. To see ; to distinguish by the eye. 5. 
To discover by the intellect ; hence, to have knowledge 
of; to judge ; as, to discern the meaning of a writer. — 
Syn. To distinguish ; discover ; penetrate ; discriminate ; 
espy ; descry. 

DIS-CERN' (diz-zern'), v. i. 1. To see or understand the 
difference ; to make distinction. 2. To have judicial cog- 
nizance ; [obs.] 

DIS-CERNED' (diz-zernd'), pp. Distinguished ; seen ; dis- 
covered. 

DIS-CERN'ER (diz-zern'er), n. 1. One who sees, discovers, 
or distinguishes ; an observer. 2. One who knows and 
judges ; one who has the power of distinguishing. 3. 
That which distinguishes ; or that which causes to un- 
derstand. 

DIS-CERN'I-BLE (diz-zem'e-bl), a. That may be seen dis- 
tinctly ; discoverable by the eye or the understanding. — 



Syn. Perceptible ; distinguishable , apparent ; visible . 
evident; manifest. 

DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS (diz-zern'e-bl-nes), n. Visibleness. 

DIS-CERN'I-BLY (diz-zern'e-bly), adv. In a manner to be 
discerned, seen, or discovered ; visibly. — Hammond. 

DIS-CERNTNG (diz-zern'ing), ppr. 1. Distinguishing ; see- 
ing ; discovering ; knowing ; judging. 2. a. Having pow 
er to discern ; capable of seeing, discriminating, knowing, 
and judging ; sharp-sighted ; penetrating ; acute. 

DIS-CERNTNG (diz-zern'ing), n. The act of discerning, 
discernment. 

DIS-CERN'ING-LY (diz-zem'ing-ly), adv. With discern- 
ment ; acutely ; with judgment ; skillfully. — Garth. 

DIS-CERN'MENT (diz-zern'ment), n. The act of discern- 
ing ; also, the power or faculty of the mind, by which it 
distinguishes one thing from another, as truth from false- 
hood, virtue from vice ; power of perceiving differences 
of things or ideas. — Syn. Judgment ; acuteness ; discrim- 
ination ; penetration ; sagacity 

t DIS-CERP', v. t. [L. discerpo.] To tear in pieces . to sep- 
arate. 

DIS-CERP-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability or liableness to be 
torn asunder or disunited. 

t DIS-CERP'I-BLE, a. [L. discerpo. In some dictionaries it 
is written discerptible.] That may be torn asunder ; sep- 
arable ; capable of being disunited by violence. 

DIS-CERP'TION, n. The act of pulling to pieces, or of sep- 
arating the parts. 

t DIS-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. [L. discessio.] Departure. 

DIS-CHaRgE', v. t. [Fr. decharger.] 1. To unload, as a 
ship ; to take out, as a cargo. 2. To free from any load 
or burden ; to throw off or exonerate ; as, " discharged 
of business." — Dryden. 3. To throw off a load or charge , 
to let fly ; to shoot. 4. To pay. 5. To send away, as a 
creditor by payment of what is due to him.- 6. To free 
from claim or demand ; to give an acquittance to, or a re- 
ceipt in full, as to a debtor. 7. To free from an obligation. 
8. To clear from an accusation or crime ; to acquit ; to 
absolve ; to set free : with of. 9. To throw off or out ; to 
let fly ; to give vent to. 10. To perform or execute, as a 
duty or office considered as a charge. 11. To divest of 
an office or employment; to dismiss from service. 12. 
To dismiss ; to release ; to send away from any business 
or appointment. 13. To emit or send out. 14. To re- 
lease ; to liberate from confinement. 15. To put away ; 
to remove; to clear from ; to destroy; to throw oft"; to 
free. — 16. In architecture, to relieve, or distribute a weigh t 
to be borne. Thus, discharging arches are placed in a 
wall over a lintel, to discharge the lintel of too great press- 
ure from above. — Brande. 

DIS-CHaRgE', v. i. To break up. 

DIS-CHaRgE', n. 1. An unloading, as of a ship. 2. A 
throwing out ; vent ; emission ; a flowing or issuing out, 
or a throwing out. 3. That which is thrown out ; matter 
emitted. 4. Dismission from office or service ; or the 
writing which evidences the dismission. 5. Release from 
obligation, debt, or penalty ; or the writing which is evi- 
dence of it ; an acquittance. 6. Absolution from a crime 
or accusation; acquittance. 7. Ransom; liberation; price 
paid for deliverance. — Milton. 8. Performance ; execu 
tion. 9. Liberation ; release from imprisonment or other 
confinement. 10. Exemption; escape. 11. Payment, as 
of a debt. 

DIS-CHARG.ED' (dis-charjdO, pp. or a. Unloaded ; let off; 
shot ; thrown out ; dismissed from service ; paid ; releas- 
ed: acquitted; freed from debt or penalty; liberated; 
performed ; executed. 

DIS-CHaRg'ER, n. 1. He who discharges in any manner. 
2. One who fires a gun. — 3. In electricity, an instrument 
for discharging a Leyden phial, jar, &c, by opening a 
communication between the two surfaces. 

DIS-CHiRG'ING, ppr. Unlading; letting fly; shooting; 
throwing out; emitting; dismissing from service ; paying; 
releasing from debt, obligation, or claim; acquitting; lib- 
erating; performing; executing. 

DIS-CHXRG'ING ARCH, n. An arch over a door, window, 
&c, to distribute or relieve the pressure. — Brande. 

DIS-CHaRgTNG ROD, n. In electricity, a bent wire armed 
at both ends with nobs, and insulated by a glass handle, 
used to discharge a Leyden jar or electrical battery. 

DIS-CHURCH', v. t. To deprive of the rank of a church. 

DIS-CHURCH.ED' (-churcht), pp. Deprived of being a 
church. 

t DIS-CIDE', v. t. To divide ; to cut in pieces. 

DIS'CI-FORM, a. Having the form of a discus or disk. 

DIS-CINCT', a. Ungirded. 

I DIS-CIND', v. t. To cut in Wo.— Boyle. 

DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. discipulus.] 1. One who receives or 
professes to receive instruction from another. 2. An ad 
herent to the doctrines of another. — Syn. Learner ; schol 
ar ; pupil ; follower ; adherent ; partisan ; supporter. 

DIS-Cl'PLE, v. t. 1. To teach ; to train or bring up. 2. To 
make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles. — 



See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c long.—X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtR D ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



DIS 



301 



DIS 



Hammond. 3. To punish ; to discipline. — Spenser ; [not in 
use.}_ 
DIS-Cl'PLE -LlKE, a. Becoming a disciple. — Milton. 
DIS-Cl'PL-ED, pp. Taught; trained; brought up ; made a 

disciple 
DIS-Cl'PLE-SHIP, n. The state of a disciple or follower in 

doctrines and precepts. — Hammond. 
DIS'CI-PLiN-A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of instruction and im- 
provement in learning. 2. That may be subjected to dis- 
cipline, as an offense. 3. Subject or liable to discipline as 
the member of a church. 
DIS'CI-PLlN-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Capacity of receiving in- 
struction by education. — Hale. 2. The state of being sub- 
ject to discipline. 
DIS'CI-PLlN-ANT, n. One of a religious order, so called 
from the practice of scourging themselves, or other rigid 
discipline. 
DIS-CI-PLiN-A'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to discipline. 
DIS-CI-PLiN-a'RI-AN, n. 1. One who disciplines ; one 
versed in rules, principles, and practice, and who teaches 
them with precision ; particularly, one who instructs in 
military and naval tactics and manoeuvres. 2. A Puritan 
or Presbyterian ; so called from his rigid adherence to re- 
ligious discipline. — Sanderson ; [not used.] 
DIS'CI-PLIN-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to discipline ; intended 
for discipline or government; promoting discipline. 2. 
Relating to a regular course of education ; intended for in- 
struction. 
DIS'CI-PLINE, n. [L. disciplina-] 1. Cultivation and im- 
provement, comprehending instruction in arts, sciences, 
correct sentiments, morals, and manners, and due subordi- 
nation to authority. 2. Instruction and government, com- 
prehending the communication of knowledge and the 
regulation of practice. 3. Rule of government ; method 
ofregulating principles and practice. 4. Subjection to 
laws, rules, order, precepts, or regulations. 5. Punishment 
intended to correct crimes or errors. — 6. In ecclesiastical 
affairs, the execution of the laws by which the Church is 
governed. 7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflicted 
on a delinquent in the Roman Catholic Church. — Syn. Edu- 
cation ; instruction ; culture ; correction ; chastisement. 
DIS'CI-PLlNE, v. t. 1 To inform the mind; to prepare by 
instructing in correct principles and habits. 2. To instruct 
and govern ; to teach rules and practice, and accustom to 
order and insubordination. 3. To subject to suffering 
with a view to correction and improvement. 4. To exe- 
cute the laws of the Church on offenders, with a view to 
bring them to repentance and reformation of life. 5. To 
advance and prepare by instruction. — Syn. To train ; form ; 
bring up ; regulate; correct; chasten; chastise; punish. 
DIS'CLPLiN.ED, pp. or a. Instructed; educated; subject- 
ed to rules and regulations; corrected; chastised; pun- 
ished; admonished. 
DIS'CI-PLiN-ER., n. One who disciplines or teaches. — 

Milton. 
DIS'CI-PLiN-Ev G, ppr. Instructing; educating; subjecting 
to order and subordination ; correcting ; chastising ; ad- 
monishing; punishing. 
DIS-CLIDF, v. t. 1. To reject as not belonging to one's 
self; as, to disclaim opinions. 2. Openly to reject any 
union or connection with ; as, to disclaim the authority of 
the pope. 3. To deny all claim. — Syn. To disown ; dis- 
avow ; deny ; renounce. 
DIS-CLaIM', v. i. To disavow all part or share. - 
DIS-CLlLMiny (dis-klamd'), pp. Disowned; disavowed; 

rejected; denied. 
DIS-CLIIM'ER, n. 1. A person who disclaims, disowns, or 
renounces. — 2. In law, an. express or implied denial or re- 
nunciation of certain things in question. Hence, 3. A pub- 
lic disavowal or renunciation, as of pretensions, &c. 
DIS-CLaIMTNG, ppr. Disowning ; disavowing ; denying ; 

renouncing. 
DIS-CLA-Ma'TION, a. The act of disclaiming. 
DI3-€LoSE', v. t. 1. To remove a cover from and lay open 
to the view. 2. To lay open to the view ; to bring to hght. 
3. To make known by words ; to give utterance to. 4. 
To make known ; to show in any manner. 5. To open ; 
to hatch ; [not used.] — Syn. To uncover ; open ; unvail ; 
discover; reveal; divulge; tell; utter. 
DIS-CLoSE', n. An uncovering. — Young: 
DIS-CLoSED' (dis-klozd'), pp. Uncovered ; opened to view ; 

made known; revealed; told; uttered. 
DIS-€LoSER, n. One who discloses or reveals. 
DIS-CLoSING, ppr. Uncovering; opening to view; reveal- 
ing ; making known ; telling. 
DIS-CLoSTEJRE (dis-klo'zhur), n. 1. The act of disclosing ; 
an uncovering and opening to view. 2. The act of reveal- 
ing ; utterance of what was secret ; a telling. 3. The act 
of making known what was concealed. 4. That which is 
disclosed or made known. 
DIS-€LL''SION (dis-klu'zhun), n. [L. disclusus.] An emis- 
sion ; a throwing out. — More. [Little used J 
I DIS-CoAST, v. i. To depart from ; to quit the coast 



DIS-€0-HeR'ENT, a. Incoherent. [Little used.] 
DIS'COID, n. [discus, and Gr. eiSos-] Something in fono 
of a discus or disk. The term is particularly applied to 
those univalve shells which have their whorls disposed 
vertically on the same plane, so as to form a disk, as the 
pearhj nautilus. 
DIS'COID, } a. Having the form of a disk. — Discoid or 
DIS-€OID'AL, ) discous flowers, are compound flowers, not 
radiated, but the florets all tabular, as the tansy, southern- 
wood, &c. 
DIS-C6L/OR (dis-kullur), v. t. [L. discoloro.] 1. To alter 
the natural hue or color of; to stain; to tinge. 2. To 
change any color, natural or artificial; to alter a color 
partially.— ^3. Figuratively, to alter the complexion ; to 
change the appearance. 
DIS-C6L-OR-ATION, n. 1. The act of altering the color ; a 
staining. 2. Alteration of color; stain. 3. Alteration of 
complexion or appearance. 
DIS-€6L'OR£D (-kullurd), pp. 1. Altered in color ; stain- 
ed. 2. a. Variegated ; being of divers colors. — Spenser. 
DIS-€6L'OR-LNG, ppr. Altering the color or hue ; staining ; 

changing the complexion. 
DIS-€0L'OR-ING, n. The act of altering color for the worse 
DIS-€6M'FIT (-kum'fit), v. t. [Fr. deconjire, deconfit.] To 
rout ; to defeat ; to scatter in fight ; to cause to flee ; to 
vanquish. 
DIS-COM'FIT, n. Rout ; dispersion ; defeat ; overthrow 
DIS-€oM'FIT-ED, pp. or a. Routed ; defeated ; overthrown. 
DIS €6M'FIT-ING, ppr. Routing ; defeating. 
DIS-€6M'FIT-URE (-kum'fit-yur), n. 1. Rout ; defeat in bat 
tie; dispersion; overthrow. 2. Defeat; frustration; dis- 
appointment. 
DIS-C6MTORT (-kum'furt), n. Uneasiness ; disturbance 

of peace; pain; grief; inquietude. — South. 
DIS-C6MTORT, v. t. To disturb peace or happiness ; to 

make uneasy; to pain; to grieve; to sadden ; to deject 
DIS-€6M'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Causing uneasiness ; unpleas- 
ant ; giving pain ; making sad ; [little used.] 2. Uneasy 
melancholy ; refusing comfort. — Shak. ; [not used.] 
tDIS-CoM'FORT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being discom- 

fortable. 
DIS-C6MTORT-ED, pp. Made uneasy ; disturbed ; pained , 

grieved. 
DIS-CoM'FORT-ING, ppr. Disturbing peace and happiness 

making uneasy ; grieving. 
DIS-COM-MEND', v. t. [dis and commend.] To blame ; to 

censure ; to mention with disapprobation. 
DIS-COM-MEND'A-BLE, a. Blamable ; censurable ; de- 
serving disapprobation. — Ayliffe. 
DIS-COM-MENDA-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; the qual 

ity of being worthy of disapprobation. 
DIS-COM-MEND-A'TION, n. Blame ; censure. 
DIS-COM-MEND'ER, n. One who discommends. 
DIS-COM-MEND'ING, ppr. Blaming; censuring. 
DIS-€OM'MO-DaTE, v. t. To incommode. [Not used.] 
DIS-€OM-MoDE', v. t. [dis, and Fr. commode.] To put to 
inconvenience. — Syn. To incommode ; annoy ; molest , 
trouble : inconvenience. 
DIS-€OM-M5D'ED, pp. Put to inconvenience ; molested , 

incommoded. 
DIS-COM-MoD'ING, ppr. Putting to inconvenience ; giving 

trouble to._ 
DIS-€OM-MoT)I-OUS, a. Inconvenient ; troublesome. 

Spenser. 
DIS-COM-MoDI-OUS-LY, adv. In a discommodious manner. 
DIS-COM-MOD'I-TY, n. Inconvenience ; trouble ; hurt ; 

disadvantage . — Bacon. 
DIS-COM'MON, v. t. 1. To appropriate common land; to 
separate and inclose common. — Cowel. 2. To deprive of 
fhe^)rivileges of a place. 
DIS-€OM'MON£D,£p. Appropriated, as land. 
DIS-€OM'MON-LNG, ppr. Appropriating; sepaiaUng or in- 
closing common land. 
t DIS-COM-PLEX'ION (-kom-plex'yun), v. t. To change the 

complexion or color. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 
DIS-COM-P5SE', v. t. 1. To throw into confusion, as affairs. 
2. To disturb peace and quietness, as of the mind or tem- 
per. — Swift. 3. To displace ; to discard. — Bacon ; [not in 
use.] — Syn. To disorder; derange; unsettle; disturb; dis- 
concert; agitate; ruffle; fret, vex. 
DIS-COM-PoSjBD' (dis-kom-pozd'), pp. or a. Unsettled ; dis- 
ordered; ruffled; agitated; disturbed. 
DIS-COM-PoS'ING, ppr. Unsettling ; putting out of order ; 

ruffling ; agitatina ; disturbing tianquillity. 
tDIS-€OM-PO-Sl"TION (-po-zish'un), n. Inconsistency 
DiS-COM-PoS'URE (dis-kom-po'zhur), n. Disorder; agita- 
tion ; disturbance ; perturbation. 
DIS-CON-CERT, v. t. [dis and concert.] 1. To break or in- 
terrupt any order, plan, or harmonious scheme. 2. Tc 
unsettle the mind. — Syn. To discompose ; derange ; ruffle 
confuse ; disturb ; defeat ; frustrate. 
DI8-€ON-CERTED,£p. Broken; interrupted: disordered 
defeated ; unsettled ; discomposed ; confused. 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. 



DIS 



302 



DIS 



DIS-€ON-CERT'ING,£2?r. Disordering; defeating; discom- 
posing; disturbing. 

DIS-CON-CER'TION (-shun), n. The act of disconcerting.— 
Hamilton. 

DIS-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. Want of agreement or conform- 
ity ; inconsistency. — Hakewill. 

DIS-CON-GRu'I-TY, n. Want of congruity ; incongruity ; 
disagreement ; inconsistency. — Hale." 

DIS-€ON-NE€T", v. t. [dis and connect.] To separate ; to 
disunite ; to dissolve a pre-existing connection. — Burke. 

DIS-€ON-NE€TED, pp. or a. Separated ; disunited. 

DIS-CON-NECT'ING, ppr. Separating ; ■ disuniting. 

DIS-CON-NEC'TION, n. The act of separating, or state of 
being disunited ; separation ; want of union. — Burke. 

DIS-€ON-SENT', v. i. [dis and consent.] To differ ; to dis- 
agree ; not to consent. — Milton. 

DIS-€ON'SO-LANCE, n. Disconsolateness. 

f-DIS-CON'SO-LAN-CY, n. Disconsolateness. 

DIS-€ON'SO-LATE, a. [dis, and L. consolatus.] 1. Destitute 
of comfort or consolation ; sorrowful ; hopeless, or not 
expecting comfort; sad; dejected; melancholy. 2. Not 
affording comfort ; cheerless. 

DIS-€ON'SO-LATE-LY, adv. In a disconsolate manner; 
without comfort. 

DIS-€ON'SO-LATE-NESS, n. The state of being disconso- 
late or comfortless. 

DIS-€ON-SO-La"JTON, n. Want of comfort— Jackson. 

DIS-€ON-TENT', n. Want of content ; uneasiness or in- 
quietude of mind ; dissatisfaction. 

DIS-CON-TENT, a. Uneasy; dissatisfied.— Hayward. 

DIS-€ON-TENT', v. t. To make uneasy at the present state ; 
to dissatisfy. 

DIS-CON-TENT'ED, pp. or a. Uneasy in mind ; dissatisfied ; 
unquiet. 

D1S-€0N-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a discontented manner or 
mood. 

DIS-CON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. Uneasiness of mind; in- 
quietude ; dissatisfaction. — Addison. 

DIS-CON-TENT'FUL, a. Full of discontent. 

DIS-CON-TENT'ING, a. Giving uneasiness. 

DIS-CON-TENT'MENT, n. The state of being uneasy in 
mind ; uueasiness ; inquietude ; discontent. 

DIS-CON-TIN'U-A-BLE, a. That may be discontinued. 

DIS-CON TIN'U-ANCE, n. 1. Want of continuance ; inter- 
ruption of continuance. 2. Want of continued connection 
or cohesion of parts ; want of union. — 3. In law, a break- 
ing off or interruption of possession. — 4. Discontinuance 
of a suit is when a plaintiff' leaves a chasm in the proceed- 
ings in his cause, as by not continuing the process regularly 
from day to day. — Syn. Cessation ; intermission ; discon- 
tinuation ; separation ; disunion ; disjunction ; disruption. 

DIS-CON-TIN-U-I'TION, n. Breach or interruption of con- 
tinuity ; disruption of parts ; separation of parts. 

DIS-€ON-TIN'UE, v. t. 1. To leave off; to cause to cease, 
as a practice or habit ; to stop ; to put an end to. 2. To 
break oft'; to interrupt. 3. To cease to take or receive, as 
a newspaper. 

DIS-CON-TIN'UE, v. i. 1. To cease; to leave the posses 
sion, or lose an established or long-enjoyed right. 2. To 
lose the cohesion of parts ; to suffer disruption or 
tion of substance ; [little used.] 

DIS-CON-TIN'UJD (-kon-tin'yud), pp. Left off; interrupt 
ed : broken oft". 

DIS-CON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who discontinues a rule or 
practice. 

DIS-CON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. Ceasing ; interrupting ; break 
ing off". 

DIS-€ON-TI-NuT-TY, n. Disunion of parts ; want of cohe 
sion. — Newton. 

DIS-CON-TIN'U-OUS, a. 1. Broken oft'; interrupted. 2, 
Separatedj wide; gaping. — Milton. 

DIS-CON-VeNIENCE (-kon-ven'yens), n. Incongruity ; dis- 
agreement. — Bramhall. [Little used.] 

DIS-CON- VeNTENT, a. Incongruous. — Reynolds. 

DIS'CORD, n. [L. discordia.] 1. Disagreement among per- 
sons or things. — Between persons, any disagreement which 
produces angry passions, contest, disputes, litigation, or 
war. 2. Disagreement ; want of order or harmony. — 3. In 
music, disagreement of sounds ; a union of sounds which 
is inharmonious, grating, and disagreeable to the ear.— Syn. 
Variance ; difference ; opposition ; dissension ; contention ; 
strife ; clashing ; dissonance. 

I DIS-CORD', v. i. To disagree ; to jar ; to clash ; not to 
suit ; not to be coincident. — Bacon. 

DIS-CORD'ANCE, ) n. [L. discordans.] Disagreement ; op- 

DIS-CORD'AN-CY, 5 position ; inconsistency. 

DISCORDANT, a. [L. discordans.] 1. In a state of oppo- 
sition ; being at variance ; as, discordant views. 2. Not co- 
incident ; as, discordant attractions. 3. Not in unison ; not 
harmonious ; not accordant. — Syn. Disagreeing ; incon- 
gruous ; contradictory ; repugnant ; opposite ; contrary ; 
contrarious ; dissonant ; harsh ; jarring. 

DIS-CORDANT-LY, adv. Dissonantly ; in a discordant 
See Synopsis. 



E. I. &c long.—!, E, I, &c, sliort.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD 



manner ; inconsistently ; in a manner to jar or clash , dis 
agreement with another, or with itself. 

DIS-CORD'FUL, a. Quarrelsome ; contentious. 

t DIS-COUN'SEL, v. t. To dissuade.— Spenser. 

DIS'COUNT, n. [Fr. deconte, or decompte.] 1. A sum de- 
ducted for prompt or advanced payment ; an allowance 
or deduction from a sum due, or from a credit ; a certain 
rate per cent, deducted from the credit price of good? 
sold, on account of prompt payment; or any deduction 
from the customary price, or from a sum due, or to be 
due, at a future time. — 2. Among bankers, the deduction 
of a sum for advanced payment ; particularly, the deduc 
tion of the interest on a sum lent, at the time of lending 
3. The sum deducted or refunded. 4. The act of dis 
counting. 

* DIS'COUNT, or DIS-COUNT', v. t. [Sp. descontar.] 1. To 

deduct a certain sum or rate per cent, from the principal 
sum. 2. To lend or advance the amount of, deducting 
the interest or other rate per cent, from the principal, at 
the time of the loan or advance.. 

* DIS'COUNT, v. i. To lend, or make a practice of lending 
money, deducting the interest at the time of the loan. 

DIS'COUNT-DaY, n. The day of the week on which a bank 

discounts notes and bills. 
DIS-COUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be discounted. 

* DIS'COUNT-ED, pp. 1. Deducted from a principal sum , 

paid back ; refunded or allowed. 2. Having the amount 
lent on discount or deduction of a sum in advance. 

DIS-COUN'TE-NANCE, v. t. [dis and countenance.] 1. To 
abash ; to discompose the countenance ; to put to shame. 
Milton ; [not used.] 2. To discourage ; to check ; to re- 
strain by frowns, censure, arguments, opposition, or cold 
treatment. 

DIS-COUN'TE-NANCE, n. Cold treatment; unfavorable 
aspect ; unfriendly regard ; disapprobation ; whatevei 
tends to check or discourage. 

DIS-€OUNTE-NANC£D(-koun'te-nanst),^. Abashed; dis- 
couraged ; checked ; frowned on. 

DIS-GOUNTE-NAN-CER, n. One who discourages by cold 
treatment, frowns, censure, or expression of disapproba- 
tion ; one who checks or depresses by unfriendly regards. 

DIS-COUN'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Abashing ; discouraging ; 
checking by disapprobation or unfriendly regards. 

* DIS'€OUNT-ER, n. One who advances money on dis- 

counts. — Burke. 

* DIS'€OUNT-ING,#p?\ 1. Deducting a sum for prompt or 

advanced payment. 2. Lending on discount. 

* DIS'COUNT-ING, n. The act or practice of lending money 

on discounts. — Hamilton. 

DIS-€6UR'A(iE (dis-kur'aje), v. t. [dis and courage; Fr. ae- 
courager.] 1. To extinguish the courage of; to deprive 
of confidence. 2. To deter from any thing: with from. 3. 
To attempt to repress cr prevent ; as, to discourage all at- 
tempts. — Syn. To dishearten ; dispirit ; depress ; deject ; 
dissuade. 

DIS-€6UR'A6 J ED (dis-kur'ajd), pp. or a. Disheartened ; de- 
prived of courage or confidence ; depressed in spirits ; de- 
jected ; checked. 

DIS-C6UR'AgE-MENT (dis-kuriaje-ment), n. 1. The act of 
disheartening, or depriving of courage ; the act of deter- 
ring or dissuading from an undertaking; the act of de- 
pressing confidence. 2. That which destroys or abates 
courage ; that which depresses confidence or hope ; that 
which deters, or tends to deter, from an undertaking, or 
from the prosecution of any thing. 

DIS-COUR'Ag-ER (dis-kur'a-jer), n. One who discourages ; 
one who disheartens, or depresses the courage ; one who 
impresses diffidence or fear of success ; one who dissuades 
from an undertaking. 

DIS-C6URAG-ING (dis-kur'a-jing), ppr. 1. Disheartening, 
depressing courage. 2. a. Tending to dishearten, or to 
depress the courage. 

DIS-G6UPl'AG-ING-LY, adv. In a discouraging manner. 

DIS-CoURSE' (dis-kors'), n. [Fr. discovrs ; L. discursus.] 1. 
The act of the understanding, by which it goes forth into 
the field of thought ; as, a mind of large discourse, looking 
before and after; [obs.] 2. Literally, a running over a 
subject in speech ; hence, a communication of thoughts by 
words, either to individuals, to companies, or to public as- 
semblies. 3. Effusion of language ; speech. 4. A written 
treatise; a formal dissertation. 5. A sermon, uttered or 
written. 

DIS-COURSE', v. i. 1. To talk; to converse; but it ex 
presses rather more formality than talk. 2. To commu 
nicate thoughts or ideas in a formal manner ; to treat upon 
in a solemn, set manner. 3. To reason ; to pass from 
premises to consequences. 

t DIS-CoURSE', v. t. 1. To treat of; to talk over; [obs.] 
2. To utter or give forth ; as, to discourse excellent music. 

DIS-CoURS£D' (dis-korsf), pp. Discussed at length ; treat- 
ed of. 

DIS-CoURS'ER, n. 1. One who discourses; a speaker; a 
haranguer. 2. The writer of a treatise. 

movfTbqqk. 



DIS 



303 



DIS 



Dl S-CoURSTNG, ppr. Talking; conversing; preaching; 
discussing ; treating at some length or in a formal manner. 

LMS-CoURS'lVE, a. 1. Reasoning; passing from premises 
to consequences. — Milton. 2. Containing dialogue or con- 
versation ; interlocutory. — Dry den. 

- DIS-COURT'E-OUS (dis-kurfe-us), a. [See Courteous.] 
Uncivil ; rude ; uncomplaisant ; wanting in good manners. 

* DIS-CoURTE-OUS-LY (dis-kurf e-us-ly), adv. In a rude 

or uncivil manner ; with incivility. 

DI8-€oURT'E-SY 'dis-kurtfe-se), n. [dis and courtesy.'] In- 
civility ; rudeness of behavior or language ; ill manners ; 
act. of disrespect. 

r DIS-CGURTSHIP, n. Want of respect— Ben Jonson. 

DISC'OUS, a. [L. discus.) Broad; flat; wide; [used of the 
middle, plain, and fiat part of some flowers.] 

DIS-CGV'E-NANT, v. t. To dissolve covenant with. 

DIS-CoV'ER (dis-kuv'er), v. t. [Fr. decouvrir.] 1. Liter- 
ally, to uncover ; to remove a covering. 2. To lay open 
to the view ; to make visible ; to bring to view something 
before unseen or concealed ; [obs.] 3. To make known. 
4. To have the first sight of. 5. To obtain the first knowl- 
edge of; to come to the knowledge of something sought 
or before unknown ; [obs.] — Syn. To disclose ; bring out ; 
exhibit ; show ; manifest ; reveal ; communicate ; impart ; 
tell ; espy ; find out ; detect. 

DIS-C6VER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be discovered ; that 
may be brought to light, or exposed to view. 2. That may 
be seen. 3. That may be found out or made known. 4. 
Apparent ; visible ; exposed to view. 

DIS-COV'ERED (-kuv'erd), pp. or a. Uncovered; disclosed 
to view ; laid open ; revealed ; espied, or first seen ; found 
out; detected. 

DIS-CGV'ER-ER n. 1. One who discovers; one who first 
sees or espies; one who finds out, or first comes to the 
knowledge of something. 2. A scout ; an explorer. 

OIS-€oV'ER-ING, ppr. Uncovering ; disclosing to view ; 
laying open ; revealing ; making known ; espying ; finding 
out; detecting. 

DIS-CoV'ERT-URE, n. [Fr. decouvert.] A state of being 
released from coverture ; freedom of a woman from the 
coverture of a husband. 

DIS-CGV'ER-Y. n. 1. The action of disclosing to view, or 
bringing to light 2. Disclosure ; manifestation ; a making 
known. 3. The action of finding something hidden. 4. 
The act of finding out or coming to the knowledge of. 5. 
The act of espying ; first sight of. 6. That which is dis- 
covered, found, out, or revealed ; that which is first brought 
to light, seen, or known. — 7. In dramatic poetry, the unrav- 
eling of a plot or the manner of unfolding the plot, or fa- 
ble, of a comedy or tragedy. 

DIS-CRED'IT, n. [Fr. discredit.] 1. Want of credit or good 
reputation ; some degree of disgrace or reproach. 2. Want 

" of belief, trust, or confidence. — Syn. Disesteem ; disre- 
pute ; dishonor ; scandal ; disbelief ; distrust. 

DIS-CRED'IT, v. t. [Fr. decrediter.] 1. To disbelieve; to 
distrust ; to give no credit to ; not to credit or believe. 2. 
To deprive of credit 2T good reputation ; to make less rep- 
utable or honorable ; to bring into disesteem ; to bring 
into some degree of disgrace, or into disrepute. 3. To 
deprive of credibility. 

DIS-CRED'IT-A-BLE, a. Tending to injure credit; injuri- 
ous to reputation : disgraceful-; disreputable. 

DIS-€RED'IT-A-BLY, adv. In a discreditable manner. 

DIS-CRED'IT-ED, pp. Disbelieved; brought into disrepute ; 
disgraced. 

DIS-CRED'IT-ING, ppr. Disbelieving ; not trusting to ; de- 
priving of credit ; disgracing. 

DIS-CREET', a. [Fr. discret.] Prudent; wise in avoiding 
errors or evil, and in selecting the best means to accom- 
plish a purpose ; circumspect ; cautious ; wary ; not rash. 

Dld-CREETLY, adv. Prudently: circumspectly; cautious- 
ly ; with nice judgment of what is best to be done or 
omitted. 

DIS-CREET'NESS, n. The quality of being discreet; dis- 
cretion. 

* DIS-CREP'ANCE, In. [L. discrepantia.] Difference ; dis- 

* DIS-CREPA.N-CY, J agreement ; contrariety. — Faber. 

* DIS-CREP'ANT, a. Different ; disagreeing ; contrary. 

DIS-CReTE', a. [L. discretus.] 1. Separate; distinct; dis- 
junct — In phonology, a discrete movement is a leap of the 
voice from one line of pitch to another, as opposed to a 
concrete movement, or slide, in which the voice passes 
through all the intermediate parts of the scale. — Discrete 
proportion is when the ratio of two or more pairs of num- 
bers or quantities is the same, but there is not the same pro- 
portion between all the numbers ; as, 3 : 6 : : 8 : 16. Har- 
ris. 2. Disjunctive ; as, a discrete proposition.— Johnson. 

f DIS-CReTE', v. t. To separate ; to discontinue. 

DIS-SRe"TION (dis-kresh r un). n. [Fr. discretion.] 1. Pru- 
dence, or knowledge and prudence ; wise management ; 
that discernment which enables a person to judge critical- 
ly of what is correct and proper, united with caution ; 
nice discernment and judgment, directed by circumspec- 



tion, and primarily regarding one's own conduct. 2. Lid 
erty or power of acting without other control than one's 
own judgment. — To surrender at discretion is to surrender 
without stipulation or terms. 3. Disjunction ; separation. 
— Mede ; [not much used.] 

DIS-€Re"TION-A-RY, ) a. Left to discretion ; unrestrained 

DIS-€Re"TION-AL, ) except by discretion or judgment; 
that is to be directed or managed bv discretion only. 

DIS-CRe'TION-A-RI-LY, > adv. At discretion ; according to 

DIS-CRe'TION-AL-LY, 5 discretion. 

DIS-CRE'TlVE, a. 1. Disjunctive ; noting separation or op- 
position. — In logic, a discrctive proposition expresses some 
distinction, opposition, or variety, by means of but, though, 
yet, &c. ; as, travelers change their climate, but not their 
temper. — 2. In grammar, discrctive distinctions are such as 
imply opposition or difference ; as, not a man, but a beast. 
3. Separate ; distinct. 

DIS-€Re'TiVE-LY, adv. In a discretive manner. 

DIS-CRIMTN-A-BLE, a. That may be discriminated. 

DIS-CRIMMN-ITE, v. t. [L. discrimino.] 1. To distinguish , 
to observe the difference between. 2. To separate ; to 
select from others ; to make a distinction between. 3. To 
mark with notes of difference ; to distinguish by some 
note or mark. 

DIS-CRIMIN-aTE, v. i. 1. To make a difference or distinc- 
tion. 2. To observe or note a difference ; to distinguish. 

DIS-CRIM'IN-ATE, a. Distinguished; having the difference 
marked. — Bacon. 

DIS-CRIM'IN-A-TED, pp. Separated ; distinguished. 

DIS-€RIM'IN-ATE-LY, adv. Distinctly, -with minute dis- 
tinction; particularly. — Johnson. 

DIS-CRIM'IN-ATE-NESS, n. Distinctness; marked differ 
ence. — Diet. 

DIS-CRIMTN-A-TING, ppr. 1. Separating; distinguishing, 
marking with notes of difference. 2. a. Distinguishing ; 
peculiar ; characterized by peculiar differences. 3 a. 
That discriminates ; able to make nice distinctions. 

DIS-€RIM-IN-a'TION, n. 1. The act of distinguishing ; the 
act of making or observing a difference. 2. The state of 
being distinguished. 3. Mark of distinction. — Syn. Dis- 
cernment ; penetration ; clearness ; acuteness ; judgment ; 
distinction. 

DIS CRIMTN-A-TlVE, a. 1. That makes the mark of dis- 
tinction ; that constitutes the mark of difference ; charac- 
teristic. 2. That observes distinction. 

DIS-€RIMTN-A-TlVE-LY, adv. With discrimination or dis- 
tinction. — Foster. 

DIS-CRIMTN-X-TOR. n. One who discriminates 

t DIS-CRIMTN-OUS, a. Hazardous.— Harvey. 

DIS-CROWN', v. t. To deprive of a crown. 

DIS-CROWN ED', pp. Deprived of a crown. 

DIS-CROWN'ING, ppr. Depriving of a crown. — Campbell. 

IDIS-CRu'ClA-TING. a. Painful.— Brown. 

DIS-CCBI-TO-RY, a. [L. discubitorius.] Leaning; inclin- 
ing; or fitted to a leaning posture. — Brown. 

DIS-CUL'PaTE, v. t. [Fr. disculper] To free from blame 
or fault ; to exculpate ; to excuse. — Ashton. 

DIS-CUL'Pa-TED, pp. Cleared from blame ; exculpated. 

DIS-CUL'Pa-TING. ppr. Freeing from blame ; excusing. 

DIS-CUL-PITION, n. Exculpation. 

DIS-CULTA-TO-RY, a. Tending to exculpate. 

DIS-€(JM'BEN-CY, n. [L. discumbens.j The act of leaning 
at meat, according to the manner of the ancients. 

DIS-CUM'BER, v. t. To unburden ; to throw oft* any thing 
cumbersome; to disengage; to disencumber; [rare. | 

tDIS-CORE'. v. t. To discover; to reveal. — Spenser. 

tDIS-CURHENT, a. Not current— San dys. 

DIS-CUR/SION, n. [L. discurro.] A running or rambling 
about. — Bailey. 

tDIS-CUR'SIST, ii. A disputer.— L. Addison. 

DIS-CUR'SlVE, a. [Sp. discursivo.] 1. Moving or roving 
about; desultory. 2. Argumentative; reasoning; pro 
ceeding regularly from premises to consequences ; some 
times written discoursive. 

DIS-CUR'Sf VE-LY, adv. In a discursive manner. 

DIS-CUR'SIVE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being dia 
cursive. — Barrow. 

DIS-€UR'SO-RY, a. Argumental; rational.— Johnson. 

DISCUS, n. [L.] 1. A quoit; a piece of iron, copper, or 
stone, to be u thrown in play.— 2. In botany, the middle plain 
part of a radiated compound flower, generally consisting 
of small florets. 3. The face or surface of the sun or 
moon. See Disc. 

DIS-CUSS', v. t. [L. disculio, discussum.] Literally, to shake 
asunder; hence, to separate into parts. 1. To disperse; 
to scatter; to dissolve; to repel; \medical usage.] 2. To 
debate ; to agitate by argument ; to clear of objections and 
difficulties, with a view to find or illustrate truth ; to sift ; 
to examine by disputation ; to ventilate ; to reason on. 
3. To break in pieces. — Brown. 4. To shake off. — Spenser 
[not in use.] 5. The primary sense of the word is re- 
tained in the familiar phrases, to discuss a fowl ; to disTU-ss 
a bottle of wine. . 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ell as S H ; TH as in this, i Obsolete 



DIS 



304 



DIS 



DIS-CUSSED' (dis-kustf), pp. Dispersed, dissipated; de- 
bated ; agitated ; argued. 
DIS-€USS'ER, to. One who discusses ; one who sifts or ex- 
amines. 
DIS-€USS'ING, ppr. Dispersing ; resolving ; scattering ; de- 
bating ; agitating ; examining by argument. 
DIS-€USS'ING, to. Discussion ; examination. 
DIS-€US'SION, n. 1. In surgery, resolution ; the dispersion 
of a tumor or any coagulated matter. — Coze. 2. Debate ; 
disquisition ; the agitation of a point or subject with a 
view to elicit truth ; the treating of a subject by argument. 
DIS-€USS'lVE, a. Having the power to discuss, resolve, or 

disperse tumors or coagulated matter. 
DIS-€USS'fVE, to. A medicine that discusses ; a discutient. 
DIS-€U'TIENT (dis-ku'shent), a. [L. discutiens.] Discussing ; 

dispersing morbid matter. 
DIS-€u'TIENT, ft. A medicine or application which dis- 
perses a tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body. — Coze. 
DIS-DaIN', v. t. [Fr. dedaigner.] To think unworthy; to 
deem worthless ; to consider to be unworthy of notice, 
care, regard, esteem, or unworthy of one's character ; to 
scorn : to contemn. 
DIS-DaIN', to. Contempt ; scorn ; a passion excited either 
by the hatred or detestation of what is mean and dishon- 
orable, or by some supposed superiority. — Syn. Scorn; 
contempt ; arrogance ; haughtiness ; pride. 
DIS-DaINED' (diz-dand'), pp. Despised ; contemned ; 

scorned. 
DIS-DaIN'FUL, a. 1. Full of disdain. 2. Expressing dis- 
dain. 3. Contemptuous ; scornful ; haughty ; indignant. 
DIS-DaIN'FUL-LY, adv. Contemptuously ; with scorn ; in 

a haughty manner. — South. 
DIS-DaIN'FUL-NESS, ft. Contempt; contemptuousness ; 

haughty scorn. — Sidney. 
DIS-DIIN'ING, ppr. Contemning ; scorning. 
DIS-DaIN'ING, to. Contempt ; scorn. 

DIS-Di-A-Pa'SON, )n. [See Diapason.] In music, a scale 
BIS-Dl-A-P a'SON, 5 of two octaves, or a fifteenth. 
DIS-KASE' (diz-eze'), n. [dis and ease.] 1. In its primary sense, 
pain, uneasiness, distress. — Spenser ; [obs.] 2. Any devi- 
ation from health in function or structure ; the cause of 
pain or uneasiness ; any state of a living body in which 
the natural functions of the organs are interrupted or dis- 
turbed. - 3. A disordered state of the mind' or intellect, by 
which the reason is impaired. — 4. In society, vice ; corrupt 
state of morals. 5. Political or civil disorder, or vices in 
a state. — Syn. Distemper ; ailing ; ailment ; malady ; dis- 
order ; sickness ; illness ; indisposition. 
DIS-EASE' (diz-eze'), v. t. 1. To interrupt or impair any or 
all the natural and regular functions of the several organs 
of a living body ; to afliict with pain or sickness ; to make 
morbid ; [used chiefly in the passive participle.] 2. To in- 
terrupt, or render imperfect, the regular functions of the 
brain, or of the intellect ; to disorder ; to derange ; 3. To 
infect; to communicate disease to by contagion. 4. To 
pain ; to make uneasy. 
DIS-E AS.ED' (diz-ezd 7 ), pp. or a. Disordered ; distempered ; 

sick. 
DIS-EAS'ED-NESS, ft. The state of being diseased ; a mor- 

bidstate ; sickness. — Burnet. 
DIS-eASE'FUL, a. 1. Abounding with disease ; producing 

diseases. 2. Occasioning uneasiness. 
DIS-eASE'MENT, ft. Uneasiness ; inconvenience. — Bacon. 
DIS-E AS'ING, £>pr. Disordering; infecting. 
DIS-EDG.ED' (dis-edjd'), a. Blunted ; made dull.— Shak. 
DIS-EM-BaRK', v. t. [Fr. desembarquer.] To land ; to de- 
bark ; to remove from on board a ship to the land ; to put 
on shore ; [applied particularly to the landing of troops and 
military apparatus.] 
DIS-EM-BaRK', v. i. To land ; to debark ; to quit a ship for 

residence or action on shore. 
DIS-EM-BARK- aTION, to. The act of disembarking. 
DIS-EM-BARK.ED' (dis-em-barkf), pp. Landed ; put on 

shore. 
DIS-EM-B aRKTNG, ppr. Landing ; removing from on board 

a ship to land. 
DIS-EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. To free from embarrassment or 

perplexity ; to clear ; to extricate. 
DIS-EM-BAR"RASS.ED (-em-bar'rast), pp. Freed from em- 
barrassment ; extricated from difficulty. 
DIS-EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Freeing from embarrassment 

or perplexity ; extricating. 
DIS-EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, to. The act of extricating from 

perplexity. 
DIS-EM-BaY', v. t. To clear from a bay.— Sherburne. 
DIS-EM-BaYED', pp. Cleared from a bay. 
DIS-EM-BaY'ING, ppr. Clearing from a bay. 
DIS-EM-BEL'LISH, v. t. To deprive of embellishment. 
DIS-EM-BEL'LISHED (-em-bellisht), pp. Deprived of em- 
bellishment. 
DIS-EM-BIT'TER, v. t. [dis and embitter.] To free from bit- 
terness ; to clear from acrimony ; to render sweet or 
pleasant. — Addison. 



DIS-EM-BITTERED , pp. Freed from bitterness. 

DIS-EM-BODIED (-bod'id), a. 1. Divested of the body 2 
Separated ; discharged from keeping in a body. 

DIS-EM-BOD'Y, v. t. 1. To divest of body ; to free -from 
flesh. 2. To discharge from military array. 

DIS-EM-BOD'Y-ING, ppr. Divesting of body. 

DIS-EM-BoGUE' (dis-em-bog^, v. i. [dis, and Fr. emboucher.] 
To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream; to 
vent ; to discharge into the ocean or a lake. 

DIS-EM-BoGUE', v. i. 1. To flow out at the mouth, as 8 
river ; to discharge waters into the *>cean, or into a lakes 
2. To pass out of a gulf or bay. 

DIS-EM-BoGlLED' (-em-bogd'), pp. Discharged at the mouth 
of a river. 

DIS-EM-BOGUE'MENT, ft. Discharge of waters into the 
ocean or a lake. — Mease. 

DIS-EM-Bo'SOM, v. t. To separate from the bosom. 

DIS-EM-Bo'SOMED, pp. Separated from the bosom. 

DIS-EM-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the bowels ; to take or 
draw from the bowels. 

DIS-EM-BOW'ELED, pp. or a. Taken or drawn from the 
bowels. 

DIS-EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking or drawing from the 
bowels. 

DIS-EM-BOWER.ED, a. Removed from a bower, or de- 
prived of a bower. — Bryant. 

t DIS-EM-BRAN"GLE, v. t. To free from litigation. 

DIS-EM-BROIL', v. t. To disentangle ; to free from perplex 
ity ; to extricate from confusion. — Dryden. 

DIS-EM-BROIL.ED' (dis-em-broild'), pp. Disentangled 
cleared from perplexity or confusion. 

DIS-EM-BROILTNG, ppr. Disentangling ; freeing from con- 
fusion. 

DIS-EM-PLOYED', a. Thrown out of employment. 

DIS-EN-a'BLE, v. t. To deprive of power, natural or mor- 
al ; to disable ; to deprive of ability or means. 

DIS-EN-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of power, ability, or means. 

DIS-EN-A'BLING,^pr. Depriving of power, ability, or means. 

DIS-EN-CHaNT', v. t. To free from enchantment ; to de- 
liver from the power of charms or spells. 

DIS-EN-CHaNT'ED, pp. Delivered from enchantment, or 
the power of charms. 

DIS-EN-CHANTER, to. One who frees from the power of 
enchantment. — Gayton. 

DIS-EN-CHaNT'ING, ppr. Freeing from enchantment, or 
the influence of charms. 

DIS-EN-CHaNT'MENT, to. Act of disenchanting. 

DIS-EN-CUM'BER, v. t. 1. To free from encumbrance ; to 
deliver from clogs and impediments ; to disburden. _ 2 
To free from any obstruction ; to free from any thing 
heavy or unnecessary. 

D1S-EN-€UM'BER£D, pp. or a. Freed from encumbrance 

DIS-EN-€UM'BER-ING, ppr. Freeing from encumbrance. 

DIS-EN-€UM'BRANCE, n. Freedom or deliverance from 
encumbrance, or any thing burdensome or troublesome. 

DIS-EN-GI6E', v. t. 1. To separate, as a substance from 
any thing with which it is in union. 2. To separate from 
that to which one adheres, or is attached. 3. To relieve 
from impediments, difficulties, or perplexities. 4. To set 
free from the controlling influence of; as, to disengage-the 
affections from the world. 5. To free from any thing that 
commands the mind or employs the attention. 6. To re- 
lease from a promise or obligation ; to set free by dissolv- 
ing an engagement. — Syn. To liberate ; free ; loose ; ex- 
tricate ; clear ; disentangle ; detach ; withdraw ; wean. 

DIS-EN-GlGE', v. i. To set one's self fre© from ; to with 
draw one's affections from. 

DIS-EN-GaG ED' (dis-en-gajdO, pp. 1. Separated ; detached ; 
set free; released; disjoined; disentangled. 2. a. Vacant; 
being at leisure ; not particularly occupied ; not having 
the attention confined to a particular object. 

DIS-EN-GlG'ED-NESS, to. 1. The quality or state of being 
disengaged ; freedom from connection ; disjunction. 2. 
Vacuity of attention. 

DIS-EN-GXGE'MENT, to. 1. A setting free ; separation ; ex- 
trication. 2. The act of separating or detaching. 3. Lib- 
eration or release from obligation. 4. Freedom from at- 
tention ;_vacancy ; leisure. 

DIS-EN-GaG'ING, ppr. Separating ; loosing ; setting free ; 
detaching ; liberating ; releasing from obligation. — Disen- 
gaging machinery. See Engaging. 

DIS-EN-No'BLE, v. t. To deprive of title, or of that which 
ennobles. — Guardian. 

DIS-EN-No'BLED, pp. Deprived of title, or of that which 
ennobles. 

DIS-EN-R5LL', v. i. To erase from a roll or list. 

DIS-EN-RoLLED', pp. Erased from a roll. 

DIS-EN-R5LLTNG, ppr. Erasing from a roll or list. 

DIS-EN-SLaVE', v. t. To free from bondage.— South. 

DIS-EN-TAN"GLE (-en-tang'gl), v. t. 1. To separate or dis 

connect things which are interwoven, or united without 

order. 2. To free from perplexity ; to disengage from 

complicated concerns ; to set free from impediments or 



See Synovsis A. E, I, &c, long.— a, E, 1 Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



DIS 



305 



DIS 



difficulties. --Syn. To unravel ; unfold ; untwist ; loose ; 
extricate ; disembarrass ; disembroil ; clear ; evolve ; dis- 
engage ; separate. 

DIS-EN-TAN 'GL£D (-en-tang'gld), pp. Freed from entan- 
glement ; extricated. 

DIS-EN-TAJNF"GLE-MENT, n. The act of disentangling.— 
Wart on. 

DIS-EN-TAN"GLING,£pr. Freeing from entanglement ; ex- 
tricating. 

DIS-EN-TER'. See Disinter. 

DIS-EN-THRALL'. See Disenthrall. 

DIS-EN-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone ; to depose from sov- 
ereign authority. 

DIS-EN-THR6N.ED' (dis-en-thrond'), pp. Deposed; depriv- 
ed of sovereign power. 

DIS-EN-THR6NTNG, ppr. Deposing; depriving of royal au- 
thority. 

DIS-EN-TITLE, v. t. To deprive of title.— South. 

DIS-EN-Tl'TL£D, pp. Deprived of title. 

DIS-EN-TRaNCE', v. t. To awaken from a trance, or from 
deep sleep ; to arouse from a revery. 

DIS-EN-TRINC ED' (dis-en-transt/), pp. Awakened from a 
trance, sleep, or revery. 

DIS-EN-TRaXCTXG, ppr. Arousing from a trance, sleep, 
or revery. 

\ DIS-ERT. a. [L. disertus.] Eloquent 

tDIS-ERTLY, adv. Eloquently. 

DIS-ES-POUSE', v. t. To separate after espousal or plighted 
faith ; to divorce. — Milton. 

DIS-ES-POUSED' (dis-es-poazd'),£p. Separated after espous- 
al ; released from obligation to marry. 

DIS-ES-POUS'ING, ppr. ~ Separating after plighted faith. 

DIS-ES-TAB'LISH, v. t. To remove from establishment 

DIS-ES-TEEM', n. Want of esteem ; slight dislike ; disre- 
gard. — Locke. 

DIS-ES-TEEM', v. t. To dislike in a moderate degree ; to 
consider with disregard, disapprobation, dislike, or slight 
contempt ; to slight" 

DIS-ES-TEEMED r (dis-es-teernd').i?p. Disliked; slighted. 

DIS-ES-TEEM'iNG, ppr. Disliking; slighting. 

DIS-ES-TI-Ma'TIOX, n. Disesteem ; bad repute. 

DIS-EX'ER-CISE, v. t. To deprive of exercise.— Milton ; 
[bad.] 

* DIS-FAN'CY, v. t. To dislike.— Hammond. 

DlS-Fl'VOR, n. 1. Dislike ; slight displeasure ; discounte- 
nance ; unfavorable regard ; disesteem. 2. A state of un- 
acceptableness ; a state in which one is not esteemed or 
favored, or not patronized, promoted, or befriended. 3. 
An ill or disobliging act. 

DIS-Fa'VOR, v. t. To discountenance ; to withdraw, or 
withhold from one, kindness, friendship, or support ; to 
check or oppose by disapprobation. 

DIS-FI/VORED, pp. Discountenanced ; not favored. 

DIS-Fa'VOR-ER, n. One who discountenances. 

DIS-Fa/VOR-ING, ppr. Discountenancing. 

DIS-Fe A'TURE' (-feetyur), v. t. To deprive of features ; to 
disfigure. — Coleridge. 

DIS-FIG-U-RXTION, n. 1. The act of disfiguring or mar- 
ring external form. 2. The state of being disfigured ; some 
degree of deformity. 

DIS-FIG'URE (-figyur), v. t. 1. To change to a worse form ; 
to mar external figure ; to impair shape or form, and ren- 
der it less perfect and beautiful. 2. To impair beauty, 
symmetry, or excellence. — Syn. To deface ; deform ; mar ; 
injure. 

DIS-FtGUR-ED (-figyurd), pp. or a. Changed to a worse 
fori a; impaired in form or appearance. 

DIS-FIG'URE-MENT, n. Change of externa] form to the 
worse ; defacement of beauty. 

DIS-FICUR-ER n. One who disfigures. 

DIS-FIG'UR-IXG, ppr. Injuring the form or shape ; impair- 
ing the beauty of form. 

DIS-FOR'EST. See Disafforest. 

DIS-FRAN'CHiSE, v. t. [dis and franchise.] To deprive of 
the rights and privileges of a free citizen ; to deprive of 
chartered rights and immunities ; to deprive of any fran- 
chise. 

DIS-FRAN'CHiSED (-fran'chizd), pp. or a. Deprived of the 
rights and privileges of a free citizen, or of some particu- 
lar franchise. 

DIS-FRAN'CHISE-MENT, n. The act of disfranchising or 
depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some 
particular immunity. 

DIS-FRAN'CHl'S-ING" ppr. Depriving of the privileges of 
a free citizen, or of some particular immunity. 

i DIS-FRl'AR, v. t. To deprve of the state of a friar 

DIS-f URTflSH, v. t. To deprive of furniture; to strip of 
apparatus, habiliments, or equipage. 

DIS-FUR'NISHjEJD (-fur'nisht), pp. Deprived of furniture ; 
stripped of apparatus. 

DIS-FUR'NiSH-ING, ppr. Depriving of furniture or appa- 
ratus. 
\ DIS-GAL'L ANT, v. t. To deprive of gallantry. 



DIS-GIR'NISH, v. t. [dis and ga-niish.] i. To divest of gar 
niture or ornaments. 2. 1 o deprive of a garrison, guns, 
and military apparatus ; to de garnish. 

DIS-GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To deprive of a garrison. 

DIS-GAR'RI-S ON£D, pp. Deprived of a garrison. 

DIS-GARHI-S ON-ING, ppr. Depriving of a garrison. 
I DIS-GAV'EL, v. t. To take away the tenure of gavelkind. 

DIS-GAVEL£D, pp. Deprived of the tenure by gavelkind 

DIS-GAVEL-ING, ppr. Taking away tenure by gavelkind. 

DIS-GLo'RI-FY, v. t. To deprive of glory ; to treat with in 
dignitv. [Little used.] 

DIS-GORgE' (dis-gorj'), v. t. [Ft. degorger.] 1. To eject or 
discharge from the stomach, throat or mouth ; to vomit. 
2. To throw out with violence ; to discharge violently or 
in great quantities from a confined place. 3. Figurative- 
ly, to yield up or give back what had been seized upon as 
one's own ; as, to disgorge his ill-gotten gains. 

DIS-GORg£D' (dis-gorjd'), pp. Ejected ; discharged from 
the stomach or mouth ; thrown out with violence and in 
great quantities ; yielded or given up. 

DIS-GORGE'MENT, n. The act of disgorging : a vomitiz g 
— Hall. 

DIS-GORgING, ppr. Discharging from the throat or mouth 
vomiting ; ejecting with violence and in great quantities 
yielding or giving up. 

t DIS-GOS'PEL, v. i. [dis and gospel] To differ from the 
precepts of the gospel. — Milton. 

DIS-GRaCE', n. [dis and grace.] 1. A state of being out o 
favor. 2. State of ignominy. 3. Cause of shame. 4. Act 
of unkindness. — Sidney ; [not used.] — Syn. Disfavor ; dis- 
esteem ; opprobrium ; reproach ; discredit ; disparage 
ment; dishonor; shame; infamy. 

DIS-GRaCE', v. t. 1. To put out" of favor. 2. To bring a 
reproach on ; as, to disgrace a rival. 3. To bring to shame ; 
to sink in estimation. — Syn. To degrade ; abase ; disparage ; 
defame; dishonor; debase. 

DIS-GRaCED' (dis-grasf), pp. or a. Put out of favor; 
brought under reproach ; dishonored. 

DIS-GRaCE'FUL, a. Shameful; reproachful; dishonora 
ble ; procuring shame ; sinking reputation. 

DIS-GRaCE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With disgrace ; as, to dismiss 
disgracefully. 2. In a disgraceful manner ; as, to act dis 
gracefully. — Syn. Shamefully; ignominiously ; dishonor 
ably; reproachfully. 

DIS-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Ignominy ; shamefulness. 

DIS-GRa'CER, 7i. One who disgraces; one who expose i i 
to disgrace ; one who brings into disgrace, shame, or con 
tempt_ 

DIS-GRa'CING, ppr. Bringing reproach on ; dishonoring. 

DIS-GRa'CIOUS, a. Ungracious ; unpleasing. 

DIS- GRIDE', v. t. Our old word for degrade. 

DIS'GRE-GaTE, v. t. To separate ; to disperse. [Rare.] 

DIS-GUlSE' (dis-gize'), v. t. [Ft. deguiser.] 1. To conceal 
by an unusual habit or mask ; as, to disguise one's person. 
2. To hide by a counterfeit appearance; to cloak by a 
false show, by false language, or an artificial manner ; to 
dissemble ; as, to disguise one's feelings. 3. To disfigure ; 
to alter the form and exhibit an unusual appearance ; as. 
"faces disguised in death." — Dry den. 4. To disfigure or 
deform by liquor ; to intoxicate. 

DIS-GUlSE', n. 1. A counterfeit habit ; a dress intended to 
conceal the person who wears it. 2. A false appearance ; 
a counterfeit show ; an artificial or assumed appearance, 
intended to deceive the beholder. 3. Change of manner 
by drink ; intoxication. 

DIS-GUIS.ED' (dis-glzd'), pp. or a. Concealed by a counter- 
feit habit or appearance ; intoxicated. 

DIS-GUIS'ED-LY, adv. So as to be concealed. 

DIS-GUlSE'MENT, n. Dres3 of concealment ; false appear- 
ance^ 

DIS-GLlS'ER n. 1. One who disguises himself or another. 
2. He_or that which disfigures. 

DIS-GUlSING, ppr. Concealing by a counterfeit dress or 
by a false show ; intoxicating. 

DIS-GUISTNG, n. 1. The act of giving a false appearance. 
2. Theatrical mummery or masking. 

DIS-GUST, n. [Ft. degout.] 1. An unpleasant sensation ex- 
cited in the organs of taste by something disagreeable, as 
in food or drink. 2. An unpleasant sensation in the mind 
excited by something offensive. — Syn. Aversion ; distaste ; 
disrelish; dislike. 

DIS-GUST', v. t. 1. To excite aversion in the stomach ; to 
offend the taste. 2. To displease ; to offend the mind or 
moral taste. 

D1S-GUSTED, pp. Displeased ; offended : followed by at, 
sometimes by with. 

DIS-GUSTFUL, a. Offensive to the taste ; nauseous ; ex- 
citing aversion in the natural or moral taste. 

DIS-GUSTING, ppr. 1. Provoking aversion ; offendin? the 
taste. 2. a, Provoking dislike ; odious ; hateful. 

DIS-GU8TTNG-LY, adv. In a manner to give disgust 

DISH, n. [Sax. disc] 1. A bread, open vessel, used fcr 
serving up meat and various kinds of food at the table. 



D6VE ;— BULL. U MTE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.- -€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
U 



■ 



DIS 



306 



DIS 



2. The meat or provisions served in a dish. Hence, any 
particular kind of food. — 3. Among miners, a trough in 
which ore is measured. 

DISH, v. t. To put in a dish. 

DISH'-CLOTH, \n. A cloth used for washing and wiping 

DISH'-CLOUT, 5 dishes.— Swift 

DISH'-WASH-ER, n. The name of a bird, the mergus. 

DISH'-WA-TER, n. Water in which dishes are washed. 

DIS-HA-BIL'I-TaTE, v. t. To disqualify. 

DIS-HA-B1LLE' (dis-a-bil'), n. [Fr. deshabille.) An undress ; 
a loose, negligent dress for the morning. But see desha- 
bille, the French, and more correct orthography. 

t DIS-HAB'IT, v. t. To drive from a habitation.— Shale. 

DIS-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Incongruous. 

i DIS-HAR'MO-NY, n. [dis and harmony.] Want of harmo- 
ny; discord; incongruity. 

DIS-HEaRTJSN (dis-hart'n), v. t. [dis and heart.] To de- 
prive of courage ; to impress with fear. — Syn. To dispirit ; 
discourage; depress; deject; deter; terrify. 

DIS-HEaRT'.EN_ED, pp. or a. Discouraged; depressed in 
spirits ; cast down. 

DIS-HEaRT£N-ING, ppr. or a. Discouraging ; depressing 
the spirits. 

DISH.ED' (dishf), pp. Put in a dish or dishes. 

t DIS-HEIR (diz-are'), v. t. To debar from inheriting. 

\ DIS-HER'I-SON, n. The act of disinheriting or cutting oif 
from inheritance. — Bp. Hall. 

DIS-HER'IT, v. t. [Fr. desheriter.) To cut off from an in- 
heritance. [Disinherit is oftener used.] 

DIS-HER'I-TANCE, n. The state of disheriting or of being I 
disinherited. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

OIS-HER'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance or hered- 
itary succession. 

DIS-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Cutting off from an inheritance. 

DI-SHEV'EL (de-shev'el), v. t. [Fr. decheveler.) To spread 
the haii- loosely ; to suffer the hair of the head to hang 
negligently, and to iiow without confinement. 

DI-SHEV'EL, v. i. To spread in disorder.— Herbert. 

DI-SHEVEL.ED, pp. or a. Hanging loosely and negligently, 
without confinement ; flowing in disorder. 

DI-SHEV'EL-ING, ppr. Spreading loosely. 

DISHTNG, ppr. 1. Putting in a dish or dishes. 2. a. Con- 
cave ; having the hollow form of a dish ; as, dishing 
wheels. 

DIS-HON'EST (diz-on'est), a. 1. Void of honesty ; destitute 
of probity, integrity, or good faith ; having or exercising a 
disposition to deceive, cheat, and defraud; as, a dishonest 
associate. 2. Proceeding from fraud or marked by it ; as, 
a dishonest action. 3. Disgraced ; dishonored ; [from the 
sense in Latin.] 4. Disgraceful ; ignominious ; [from the 
Latin sense.] 5. Unchaste; lewd. Shak. — Syn. Unfaith- 
ful; faithless; fraudulent; knavish; perfidious. 

DIS-HON'EST-LY (diz-on'est-ly), adv. 1. In a dishonest 
manner; without good faith, probity, or integrity; with 
fraudulent views ; knavishly. 2. Lewdly ; unchastely. — 
Ecclesiasticus. 

DIS-HON'EST-Y (diz-on'est-y), n. 1. Want of probity or in- 
tegrity in principle ; faithlessness ; a disposition to cheat 
or defraud, or to deceive and betray. 2. Violation of trust 
or of justice ; fraud ; treachery ; any deviation from probi- 
ty or integrity. 3. Unchastity ; incontinence ; lewdness. — 
Shak. 4. Deceit ; wickedness ; shame. — 2 Cor., iv. 

DIS-HON'OR (diz-on'oi-), n. [dis and honor.] Whatever 
constitutes a stain or blemish on the reputation. — Syn. 
Disgrace ; ignominy ; shame ; censure ; reproach ; oppro- 
brium. 

DIS-HON'OR, v. t. 1. To bring reproach or shame on ; to 
stain the character of; to lessen reputation. 2. To treat 
with indignity. 3. To violate the chastity of. 4. To re- 
fuse or decline to accept or pay, as a draft. — Syn: To dis- 
grace ; shame ; debase ; degrade ; debauch ; pollute. 

DIS HONOR- A-BLE (diz-on'or-a-bl), a. 1. Shameful; re- 
proachful ; base ; vile ; bringing shame on ; staining the 
character and lessening reputation. 2. Destitute of honor. 

3. In a state of neglectf or disesteem. 
DIS-HONOR-A-BLY, adv. Reproachfully ; in a dishonora- 
ble manner. 

DIS-HON'OR-A-RY (diz-on'or-a-ry), a. Bringing dishonor- 
on ; tending to disgrace ; lessening reputation. 

DISHON'ORED, pp. or a. Disgraced; brought into dis- 
repute. 

BIS-HON'OR-ER, n. One who dishonors or disgraces ; one 
who treats another with indignity. 

DIS-HON'OR-ING, ppr. Disgracing ; bringing into disrepute ; 
treating with indignity. 

DIS-HORN', v. t. To deprive of horns.— Shak. 

DIS-HORN ED' (dis-hornd'), pp. Stripped of horns. 

DIS-HORN'ING, ppr. Depriving of horns. 

DIS-HU'MOR, n. Peevishness ; ill humor. 

DIS-IM-PARK', v. t. To free from the barriers of a park ; to 
free from restraints or seclusion. [Little used.] 

DIS-IM-PROVEMENT, n. [dis and improvement.] Reduc- 
tion from a better to a worse state. — Swift. [Little used.] 



D1S-IN-€IR'CER-aTE, v. t. To liberate from prison ; to set 
free from confinement. [Not much used.] 

DIS-IN-€LiN-a'TION, n. Want of inclination , want of pro- 
pensity, desire, or affection ; expressing less than hate. — 
Syn. Unwillingness ; disaffection ; alienation ; dislike , 
aversion ; repugnance. 

DIS-IN-CLlNE', v. t. [dis and incline.] To excite dislike or 
slight aversion ; to make disaffected ; to alienate from. 

DIS-IN-CLIN.ED' (dis-in-klind'), pp. or a. Not inclined; 
averse. 

DIS-IN-€LIN'ING, ppr. Exciting dislike or slight aversion. 

DIS-IN-CLoSE', v. t. [dis and inclose.] To open an inclo- 
sure ; to throw open what has been inclosed ; to dispark. 

DIS-IN-€OR'PO-RaTE, v. t. 1. To deprive of corporate 
powers ; to disunite a corporate body. '2. To detach or 
separate from a corporation or society. 

DIS-IN-COR'PO-Ra-TED, pp. Deprived of corporate pow- 
ers. 

DIS-IN-COR'PO-RI-TING, ppr. Depriving of corporate 
powers. 

DIS-IN-COR-PO-R1TION, n. Deprivation of the rights and 
privileges of a corporation. — Warton. 

DIS-IN-FECT, v. t. [dis and infect.) To cleanse from in- 
fection ; to purify from contagious matter. 

DIS-IN-FECTANT, n. An agent for removing the causea 
of infection, as chlorine. 

DIS-IN-FECTED, pp. or a. Cleansed from infection. 

DIS-IN-FECT1NG. ppr. or a. Purifying from infection. 

DIS-IN-FEC'TION, n. Purification from infecting matter.— 
Med. Repos._ 

DIS-IN-GE-Nu'I-TY, n. [dis and ingenuity.] Meanness of 
artifice ; unfairness ; disingenuousness ; want of candor. — 
Clarendon. [Little used.) 

DIS-IN-GEN'U-OUS, a. 1. Not open, frank, and candid 
meanly artful ; [applied to persons.] 2. Meanly artful ; un 
becoming true honor and dignity ; as, disingenuous con 
duct. — Syn. Unfair ; illiberal ; crafty ; sly ; cunning. 

DIS-IN-GEN'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a disingenuous manner 
unfairly ; not openly and candidly ; with secret manage 
ment. 

DIS-IN-OEN'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Unfairness ; want of can- 
dor ; low craft. 2. Characterized by unfairness, as con- 
duct or practices. 

DIS-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Deprived of inhabitants. 

DIS-IN-HER'I-SON, n. 1. The act of cutting off from he- 
reditary succession ; the act of disinheriting. — Bacon. 2. 
The state of being disinherited. — Taylor. 

DIS-IN-HER'IT, v. t. To cut off from hereditary right; to 
deprive of an inheritance; to prevent, as an heir, from 
coming into possession of any property or right. 

DIS-IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. or a. Cut off from an inheritance 

DIS-IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Depriving of an hereditary estate 
or right. 

DIS-IN-HuME', v. t. To disinter. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRA-BLE, a. That may be separated into inte- 
grant parts ; capable of disintegration. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [dis and integer.) To separate the 
integrant parts of. — Kirwan. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRa-TED, pp. or a. Separated into integrant 
parts without chemical action. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRa-TING, ppr. Separating into integrant parts. 

DIS-IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of separating integrant 
parts of a substance. 

DIS-IN-TER', v. t. [dis and inter.) 1. To take out of a grave 
or out of the earth. 2. Figuratively, to take out as from a 
grave ; to bring from obscurity into view. 

DIS-IN'TER-ESS-ED. See Disinterested. 

t DIS-IN'TER-ESS-MENT, n. Disinterestedness. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST, n. [dis and interest.) 1. What is contrary 
to the interest or advantage ; disadvantage ; injury ; [littlt 
used.] 2. Indifference to profit ; want of regard to pri- 
vate advantage. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST, v. t. To disengage from private interest 
or personal advantage. — Feltham. [Little used.) 

DIS-INTER-EST-ED, a. 1. Free from self-interest; having 
no separate personal interest or private advantage in a 
question or affair. 2. Not influenced or dictated by pri- 
vate advantage ; as, a disinterested act.— Syn. Unbiased ; 
impartial ; uninterested ; indifferent. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-LY, adv. In a disinterested maimer. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-NESS, n. The state or quality of hav- 
ing no separate personal interest or private advantage in a 
question or event ; freedom from bias or prejudice on ac 
count of private interest ; indifference. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Uninteresting. [Not used.) 

DIS-IN-TER'MENT, n. The act of disinterring or taking out 
of the earth. 

DIS-IN-TER'R£D (dis-in-terd'), pp. Taken out of the earth 
or grave. 

DIS-IN-TER'RING, ppr. Taking out of the earth cr out oi 
a grave. 

DIS-IN-THRALL', v. t. To liberate from slavery, bondage, 
or servitude ; to free or rescue from oppression. 



See Synopsis. 1, E , I, &c, long.—l, K, 1, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK 



D1S 



307 



DIS 



lUS-IN-THRALLED' Idis-in-thrawld'), pp. Set free from 
bondage. 

DIS-IN-THRALLTNG, ppr. Delivering from slavery or serv- 
itude. 

DIS-IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Liberation from bondage ; 
emancipation from slavery. — E. Nott. 

\ DIS-INTRI-CaTE, v. t. To disentangle.— Diet. 

DIS-IN-URE', v. t. [dis and inure.] To deprive of familiarity 
or custom. — Milton. 

DIS-IN-URiCD', pp. Deprived of familiar custom. 

DIS-IN-VA-LID'I-TY, n. Want of validity. 

DIS-IN-ViTE', v. t. To recall an invitation.— Finett. 

DIS-IN-VlT'ING, ppr. Retracting an invitation. 

DIS-IN-VOLVE' (dis-in-volv-), v. t. To uncover; to unfold 
or unroll ; to disentangle. — Mare. 

DIS-IN-VOLV ED', pp. Unfolded; disentangled. 

DIS-IN-VOLVTNG, ppr. Freeing from entanglement. 

DIS-JEGTION, n. [L. disjectio.] A casting down or dissi- 
pating. 

DIS- JOIN', v. t. [dis and join.] To part asunder. — Syn. To 
disunite ; separate ; sever ; detach ; dissever : sunder. 

DIS-JOINjED' (dis-joind'), pp. Disunited; separated. 

DIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Disuniting; severing. 

DIS-JOINT', v. t. [dis and joint.] 1. To separate a joint; to 
separate parts united by joints. 2. To put out of joint ; to 
force out of ite socket; to dislocate. 3. To separate at 
junctures ; to break at the part where things are united 
by cement. 4. To break in pieces; to separate united 
parts. 5. To break the natural order and relations of a 
thing ; to make incoherent. 

DIS-JOINT, v. i. To fall in pieces.— Sluik. 

DIS-JOINT, a. Disjointed.— Shah. 

DIS-JOINTED, pp. or a. Separated at the joints ; parted 
limb from limb ; carved; put out of joint; not coherent. 

DIS-JOINTED-NESS, n. State of being disjointed.— Ed. 
Rev. 

DIS-JOINTING, ppr. Separating joints ; disjoining limb 
from limb ; breaking at the seams or junctures ; rendering 
incoherent. 

DIS-JOINTLY, adv. In a divided state.—- Sandys. 

? DIS-JU-DI-Ga'TION, n. [L. dijudicatio.] Judgment ; de- 
termination. — Boyle. 

DIS-JUNGT, a. [L. disj ttnetus.] Disjoined ; separated. 

DIS-JUN€'TION, n. [L. disjunctio.] The act of disjoining ; 
disunion ; separation ; a parting. 

DIS-JUNGTiVE, a. 1. Separating ; disjoining. 2. Incapable 
of union. Grew. — 3. In grammar, a disjunctive conjunction 
is a word which unites sentences in construction, but dis- 
joins the sense ; as, I love him, or I fear him. — 4. In logic, 
a disjunctive proposition is one in which the parts are op- 
posed to each other, by means of disjunctives ; as, it is 
either day or night. 

DIS-JUNGTiVE, n. A word that disjoins. 

DIS-JUNGTIVE-LY, adv. In a disjunctive manner ; sep- 
arately. 

DISK, n. [L. discus.] 1. The face or visible surface of a ce- 
lestial body, as of the sun, moon, or planets. 2. A quoit ; 
a piece of stone, iron, or copper, inclining to an oval fig- 
ure, which the ancients hurled by the help of a leathern 
thong tied round the person's hand, and put through a 
hole in the middle. — 3. In botany, the whole surface of a 
leaf; the central part of a radiate compound flower. Also, 
a term applied to certain bodies or projections between 
the base of the stamens and of the ovary, but part of neither. 

DIS-KIND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; unkindness ; 
want of affection. 2. Ill turn ; injury ; detriment. 

DIS-LlKE', n. 1. Contrariety of feeling; a moderate de- 
gree of hatred. 2. Discord ; disagreement. — Fairfax ; [not 
m use.] — Syn. Disapprobation ; disinclination ; displeas- 
ure ; disrelish ; distaste ; aversion ; antipathy ; repugnance ; 



DIS-LlKE', v. t. 1. To disapprove ; to regard with some 

aversion or displeasure. 2. To disrelish ; to regard with 

some disgust, as food. 
DIS-LlK-ED' (dis-likt), pp. Disapproved ; disrelished, 
t DIS-LlKETUL, a. Disliking; disaffected.— Spenser. 
DIS-LlK/EN, v. t. To make unlike.— Shak. 
DIS-LiK'.EN.ED (-lik'nd), pp. Made unlike. 
DIS-LlKE'NESS, n. [dis and likeness.] Unlikeness ; want 

of resemblance ; dissimilitude. — Locke. 
DIS-LIK'ER, n. One who disapproves or disrelishes. 
DIS-LlKTNG, ppr. Disapproving; disrelishing. 
DIS-LIMB' (dis-lim'), v. t. To tear the limbs from. 
DIS-LIMBJED', pp. Torn limb from limb. 
t DIS-LIMN' (dis-lim'), v. t. To strike out of a picture. 
DIS'LO-€aTE, v. t. [dis, and L. locus.] To displace ; to put 

out of its proper place ; particularly, to put out of joint ; 

to disjoint ; to move a bone from its socket, cavity, or 

place of articulation. 
DIS'LO-GATE, } outofioint 

dis'lo-ga-ted, 5 a - uut J 

DIS'LO-Ga-TED, pp. Removed from its proper place ; put 
out of joint 



DIS'LO-GI-TING, ppr. Putting out of its proper place, or 
out of joint 

DIS-LO-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of moving from its prop 
er place ; particularly, the act of removing or forcing a 
bone from its socket ; luxation. 2. The state of being dis- 
placed. — Burnet. 3. A joint displaced. — 4. In geology, the 
displacement of parts of rocks or portions of strata from 
the situations which they originally occupied. 

DIS-LODgE' (dis-lodJO, v. t. [dis and lodge.] 1. To remove 
or drive from a lodge or place of rest ; to drive from the 
place where a thing naturally rests or inhabits. 2. To 
drive from a place of retirement or retreat 3. To drive 
from any place of rest or habitation, or from any station. 
4. To remove an army to other quarters. 

DIS-LODgE', v. i. To go from a place of rest. 

DISLODGjED' (dis-lodjd'), pp. Driven from a lodge or 
place of rest ; removed from a place of habitation, or from 
any station. 

DIS-LODg'ING, ppr. Driving from a lodge, from a place of 
rest or retreat, or from any station. 

DIS-LOY'AL, a. [dis and loyal.] 1. Not true to allegiance 
false to a sovereign. 2. False to one's duty ; as, a disloyal 
knave. — Shak. 3. Not true to the marriage-bed. — Shak. 
4. False in love ; not constant. Johnson. — Syn. Disobe- 
dient ; faithless ; treacherous ; perfidious ; dishonest ; in- 
constant. 

DIS-LOY'AL-LY, adv. In a disloyal manner ; with violation 
of faith or duty to a sovereign ; faithlessly ; perfidiously; 

DIS-LOY'AL-TY, n. 1. Want of fidelity to a sovereign ; vio- 
lation of allegiance, or duty to a prince or sovereign au- 
thority. 2. Want of fidelity in love. — Shak. 

DIS'MAL, a. Productive of horror or distress. — Syn. Drea- 
ry ; lonesome ; gloomy ; dark ; doleful ; horrid ; dire ; 
direful ; frightful ; horrible ; lamentable ; dolorous ; ca- 
lamitous ; sorrowful ; sad ; melancholy ; unfortunate ; un- 
happy. 

DIS'MAL-LY, adv. Gloomily; horribly; sorrowfully; un- 
comfortably. 

DIS'MAL-NESS. n. Gloominess ; horror. 

DIS-MAN'TLE, v. t. [dis and mantle.] 1. To deprive of 
dress ; to strip ; to divest. 2. To loose ; to throw open. 
— 3. More generally, to deprive or strip of apparatus, or 
furniture ; to unrig. 4. To deprive or strip of military 
furniture. 5. To deprive of outworks or forts. 6. To 
break down. 

DISMANTLED, pp. or a. Divested ; stripped of furniture , 
unrigged. 

DIS-MAN'TLING, ppr. Stripping of dress ; depriving of ap- 
paratus or furniture. 

DIS-MaSK', v. t. [dis and mask.] To strip off a mask ; to 
uncover ; to remove that which conceals. 

DIS-MaSKjSD' (dis-maskt), pp. Divested of a mask ; strip 
ped of covering or disguise ; uncovered. 

DIS-MASKTNG, ppr. Stripping of a mask or covering. 

DIS-MaST, v. t. [dis and mast.] To deprive of a mast or 
masts ; to break and carry away the masts from. 

DIS-MaST'ED, pp. or a. Deprived of a mast or masts. 

DIS-MXST'ING, ppr. Stripping of masts. 

DIS-MaSTMENT; n. The act of dismasting ; the state of 
being dismasted. — Marshall. 

DIS-MaY', v. t. [Sp. desmayar.] To deprive of that strength 
or firmness of mind which constitutes courage ; to sink 
the spirits or resolution ; hence, to produce fright or ter- 
ror. — Syn. To terrify ; fright ; affright ; frighten ; appall ; 
daunt ; dishearten ; dispirit ; discourage ; deject ; depress. 

DIS-MIY', 7i. [Sp. desmayo.] Fall or loss of courage; a sink- 
ing of the spirits ; depression ; dejection ; a yielding to 
fear ; that loss of firmness which is effected by fear or ter- 
ror. — Syn. Dejection ; discouragement ; depression ; fear ; 
fright; terror. 

DIS-MI Y.ED' (dis-made'), pp. or a. Disheartened ; deprived 
of courage. 

t DIS-MIY'ED-NESS, n. A state of being dismayed ; de- 
jection of courage ; dispiritedness. 

DIS-MaY'FUL, a. Full of dismay.— Spenser. [Obs.] 

DIS-MaYTNG, ppr. Depriving of courage. 

DlME E ' } < deem )> n - t Fr -l A tenth P**; a tito*—Ayl*ff«- 

DIS-MEM'BER, v. t. 1. To divide limb from limb ; to sep- 
arate a member from the body ; to tear or cut in pieces. 
2. To separate a part from the main body. — Syn. To dis- 
joint ; dislocate ; dilacerate ; mutilate ; divide ; sever. 

DIS-MEM'BER-ED, pp. or a. Divided member from mem- 
ber ; torn or cut in pieces ; divided by the separation of a 
part from the main body. 

DIS-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Separating a b'mb or limbs from 
the body ; dividing by taking a part or parts, from the 
body. 

DIS-MEM'BER-ING, n. Mutilation.— Blackstone. 

DIS-MEM'BER-MENT, n. The act of severing a limb or 
limbs from the body , the act of tearing or cutting in pie- 
ces ; mutilation ; the act of severing a part from the main, 
body; division; separation. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VfCIOUS.— G as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; cH Sil • TH as in tki-f. t Obsolete. 



DIS 



308 



DIS 



DIS-METTL.ED, a. Destitute of fire or spirit.— Llewellyn. 
[Not much used.] 

DIS-MISS', v. t. [L. dimissus.] 1. To send away ; properly, 
to give leave of departure ; to permit to depart ; implying 
authority in a person to retain or keep. 2. To discard ; 
to discharge ; to remove from oifice, service, or employ- 
ment. 3. To send ; to dispatch ; as, to dismiss a courier 
in haste. 4. To send or remove from a docket ; to dis- 
continue. 

t DIS-MISS', n. Discharge ; dismission. 

DIS-MISS'AL, n. Dismission. 

DIS-MISS.ED' (dis-mist^, pp. or a. Sent away ; permitted 
to depart ; removed from office or employment. 

DIS-MISS'ING, ppr. Sending away ; giving leave to depart; 
removing from office or service. 

DIS-MIS'SION, n. [L. dimissio.] 1. The act of sending 
away ; leave to depart. 2. Removal from office or em- 
ployment ; discharge. 3. An act requiring departure. — 
Shak. ; [not usual] 4. Removal of a suit in equity. 

DIS-MISS'lVE, a. Giving dismission. 

DIS-MORT'GAGE (dis-mor'gaje), v. t. To redeem from 
mortgage. — Howell. 

DIS-MORTGA6.ED, pp. Redeemed from mortgage. 

DIS-MORT'GAG-ING, ppr. Redeeming from mortgage. 

DIS-MOUNT, v. i. [dis and mount.] 1. To alight from a 
horse ; to descend or get off, as a rider from a beast. 2. 
To descend from an elevation. 

DIS-MOUNT, v. t. 1. To throw or remove from a horse ; 
to unhorse. 2. To throw or bring down from any eleva- 
tion. 3. To throw or remove cannon or other artillery 
from their carriages ; or to break the carriages or wheels, 
and render guns useless. 

DIS-MOUNT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Thrown from a horse, or from 
an elevation ; unhorsed, or removed from horses by or- 
der. 2. Thrown or removed from carriages. 

DIS-MOUNTING, ppr. Throwing from a horse ; unhors- 
ing ; removing from an elevation ; throwing or removing 
from carriages._ 

DIS-NAT'U-RAL-lZE, v. t. To make alien ; to deprive of 
the privileges of birth. 

DIS-NATU-RAL-iZ.ED (-nafyu-ral-izd), pp. Deprived of 
the privileges of birth. 

DIS-Na'TURjED, a. Deprived or destitute of natural feel- 
ings; unnatural. 

DIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. [dis and obedience.] 1. Neglect or 
refusal to obey : violation of a command or prohibition ; 
the omission of that which is commanded to be done, or 
the doing of that which is forbid; breach of duty pre- 
scribed by authority. 2. Non-compliance ; [used of things.] 

DIS-O-Be'DI-ENT, a. 1. Neglecting or refusing to obey; 
omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is pro- 
hibited ; refractory ; not observant of duty or rules pre- 
scribed by authority. 2. Not yielding to exciting force or 
power j [applied to thing's.] 

DIS-O-BE'DI-ENT-LY, adv. In a disobedient manner. 

DIS-O-BEY' (dis-o-ba'), v. t. [dis and obey.] To neglect or 
refuse to obey ; to omit or refuse to do what is command- 
ed, or to do what is forbid ; to transgress or violate an or- 
der or injunction. 

DISO-BEY.ED' (dis-o-bade'), pp. Not obeyed ; neglected ; 
transgressed. 

DIS-O-BEY'ING, ppr. Omitting or refusing to obey ; viola- 
ting ; transgressing, as authority or law. 

DIS-OB-LI-Ga'TION, n. [dis and obligation.] The act of 
disobliging ; an offense ; cause of disgust. — Clarendon. 

DIS-OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Releasing obligation. 
DIS-O-BLlGE', v. t. [See * Oblige.] 1. To do an act 
which contravenes the will or desires of another ; to of- 
fend by an act of unkindness or incivility ; to injure in a 
slight degree. 2. To release from obligation. — Bishop 
Hall ; [not used.] 

DIS-O-BLIG.ED' (dis-o-blijd'), pp. Offended ; slightly in- 
jured. 

DIS-O-BLigE'MENT, n. The act of disobliging.— Milton. 
DIS-0-BLl<yER, n. One who disobliges. 
DIS-O-BLlG'ING, ppr. 1. Offending; contravening the 
wishes of; injuring slightly. 2. a. Not obliging; not dis- 
posed to gratify the wishes of another ; not disposed to 
please ; unkind ; offensive ; unpleasing ; unaccommoda- 
ting. 

DIS-O BLlG'ING-LY, adv. In a disobliging manner ; of- 
fensively. 

DIS-O-BLiG'ING-NESS, n. Offensiveness ; disposition to 
displease, or want of readiness to please. 

t DIS-O-PINION (-pin'yun), n. Difference of opinion. 

DIS-ORBED' (dis-orbd'), a. [dis and orb.] Thrown out of 
the proper orbit— Shak. 

DIS-OR'DER, n. [dis and order.] 1. Want of order or reg- 
ular disposition; unmethodical distribution. 2. A disturb- 
ing of the peace of society. 3. Neglect of rule. 4. Breach 
of laws ; violation of standing rules, or institutions. 5. Ir- 
regularity, disturbance, or interruption of the functions of 
the animal economy. 6. Discomposure of the mind ; tur- 



bulence of passions. 7. Irregularity in the functions o! 
the brain ; derangement of the intellect or reason. — Syn. 
Irregularity ; disarrangement ; confusion ; tumult ; bustle ; 
disturbance ; illness ; indisposition ; sickness ; malady ■ 
distemper; disease. 

DISORDER, v. t. 1. To break order ; to disturb any reg- 
ular disposition or arrangement of things ; to put out of 
method ; to throw into confusion. 2. To disturb or inter- 
rupt the natural functions of the animal economy ; to 
produce sickness or indisposition. 3. To disturb the mind. 
4. To disturb the regular operations of reason. 5. To de 
pose from holy orders. — Dryden ; [unusual.] — Syn. To 
disarrange ; derange ; confuse ; discompose ; ruffle. 

DIS-ORDER.ED, pp. Put out of order ; deranged; disturb- 
ed ; discomposed ; confused ; sick ; indisposed. 

DIS-ORDER.ED, a.' Disorderly; irregular; vicious; loose . 
unrestrained in behavior. — Shak. 

DIS-ORDER.ED-NESS, n. A state of disorder or irregu 
larity; confusion. 

DIS-ORDER-ING, ppr. Putting out of order ; disturbing tho 
arrangement of; discomposing. 

DIS-OR'DER-LI-NESS, n. State of being disorderly. 

DIS-OR'DER-LY, a. 1. Being without proper order or dis- 
position. 2. Acting without regularity ; as, the disorderly 
motions of the spirits. 3. Contrary to law; violating, or 
disposed to violate law and good order. 4. Inclined to 
break loose from restraint, as brutes.— Syn. Irregular ; 
unmethodical ; confused ; tumultuous ; inordinate ; in- 
temperate ; um-uly ; lawless : vicious ; loose. 

DIS-OR'DER-LY, adv. 1. Without order, rule, or method -, 
irregularly ; confusedly ; in a disorderly manner. 2. In a 
manner violating law and good order ; in a manner con- 
trary to rules or established institutions. 

DIS-OR'DI-NATE, a. Disorderly ; living irregularly. 

DIS-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. Inordinately; ir-egularly ; vi- 
ciously. 

DIS-OR-GAN-1-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of disorganizing, 
the act of destroying organic structure, or connected syp- 
tem ; the act of destroying order. 2. The state of being 
disorganized. 

DIS-ORGAN-iZE, v. t. To break or destroy organic struc- 
ture or connected system ; to dissolve regular system or 
union of parts. 

DIS-ORGAN-IZ.ED. pp. or a. Reduced to disorder ; being 
in a confused state. 

DIS-OR'GAN-IZ-ER, n. One who disorganizes ; one who 
destroys or attempts to interrupt regular order or sys- 
tem ; one who introduces disorder and confusion. 

DIS-OR'GAN-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Destroying regular and con- 
nected system ; throwing into confusion. 2. a. Disposed 
or tending to disorganize. 

DIS-o'RI-ENT-A-TED, a. Turned from the eas* ; turned 
from the right direction. 

DIS-oWN', v. t. 1. Not to own ; to refuse to acknowledge 
as belonging to one's self. 2. Not to allow or admit as be- 
longing to another. — Syn. To disavow ; disclaim ; deny ; 
renounce ; disallow. 

DIS-oWN ED' (diz-ond'), pp. or a. Not owned ; not acknowl- 
edged as one's own ; denied ; disallowed. 

DIS-o WN'ING, ppr. Not owning ; denying ; disallowing 

DIS-oWN'MENT, n. Act of disowning. 

DIS-OXT-DaTE, v. t. To reduce from oxydation ; to re- 
duce from the state of an oxyd, by disengaging oxygen 
from a substance. 

DIS-OXT-Da-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an oxyd. 

DIS-OX'Y-Da-TING, ppr. Reducing from the state of an 
oxyd. 

DIS-OX-Y-Da'TION, n. The act or process of freeing from 
oxygen, and reducing from the state of an oxyd. — Med. 
Repos. 

DIS-OX'Y-GEN-aTE, v. t. [dis and oxygenate.] To deprivo 
of oxygen. 

DIS-OX'Y-GEN-I-TED, pp. Freed from oxygen. 

DIS-OXT-GEN-a-TING, ppr. Freeing from oxygen. 

DIS-OX-Y-GEN- a'TION, n. The act or process of separating 
oxygen from any substance containing it. 

t DIS-PaCE', v. i. To range about. — Spenser. 

DIS-P AIR, v. t. [dis and pair.] To separate a pair or coupK 
— Beaumont and Fletcher. 

DIS-PaIR£D', pp. Parted; separated. 

DIS-PaIR'ING, ppr. Parting a couple or pair. 

t DIS-PAND', v. t. [L. dispando.] To display.— Diet. 

t DIS-PAN'SION, n. The act of spreading or displaying. 

DIS-PAR'A-DlS.ED (dis-par'a-dist), a. [dis and paradise. 
Removed from paradise. 

DIS-PAR'A6E, v. t. [Norm, desperager.] 1. To marry om 
to another of inferior condition or rank ; to dishonor bj 
an unequal match or marriage against the rules of de 
cency. 2. To match unequally; to injure or dishonor bj 
union with something of inferior excellence. 3. To in 
jure or dishonor by a comparison with something of less 
value or excellence. 4. To treat with contempt ; to low- 
er in rank or estimation ; to bring reproach on ; to debase 



: Si/nopsis. A, E, I. &.C., long. — a, e, I, &c., 



-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD —MOVE, BOOK. 



DIS 



309 



DiS 



by words or actions ; to dishonor. — Syn. To depreciate ; 
undervalue ; vilify ; reproach ; detract from ; derogate 
from; decry; degrade. 

DIS-P ARA6.ED, pp. Married to one beneath his or her con- 
dition ; unequally matched ; dishonored or injured by com- 
parison with something inferior ; undervalued ; vilified ; 
debased ; reproached. 

iJlS-PAR'AGE-MENT, re. 1. The matching of a man or 
woman to one of inferior rank or condition, and against 
the rules of decency. 2. Injury by union or comparison 
with something of inferior excellence. — Johnson. 3. Dim- 
inution of value or excellence ; followed by to. — Syn. In- 
dignity ; derogation ; detraction ; reproach ; dishonor : 
debasement; degradation; disgrace. 

DIS-P AR'Aa-ER n. One who disparages or dishonors ; one 
who vilifies or disgraces. 

DIS-P AR'A6-ING, ppr. or a. Marrying one to another of in- 
ferior condition ; depreciating in the estimation of others ; 
vilifying ; disgracing ; dishonoring. 

DIS-P AR'AG-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to disparage or dis- 
honor. 

DIS'PAR-ATE, a. [L. disparate] Unequal ; unlike ; dissim- 
ilar. — Robinson. 

DIS'PAR-aTES, n. pi. Things so unequal or unlike, that 
they can not be compared with each other. 

DIS-P AR'I-TY, n. [Fr. disparity.] Difference in degree, in 
age, rank condition, or exceUence. — Syn. Inequality ; un- 
likeness ; dissimilitude ; disproportion. 

DIS-P XRK', v. t. 1. To throw open a park ; to lay open. 
2. To set at large ; to release from confinement. 

DIS-PaRKED' (-parkf), pp. Disinclosed ; set at large. 

DIS-P XRKTNG, n. Act of throwing open a park. 

\ DIS-P iRK'LE, v. t. To scatter abroad; to disperse. 

DIS-P ART 7 , v. t. [dis and part ; Fr. departir.] To part asun- 
der ; to divide ; to separate ; to sever ; to burst ; to rend ; 
to rive or split. — Milton. 

DIS-P ART', v. i. To separate ; to open ; to cleave. 

DIS-PaRT, n. In gunnery, the difference between the 
thickness of the metal of a piece of ordnance at the 
mouth and at the breech. 

DIS-P ART, v. t. In gunnery, to set a mark on the muzzle- 
rine of a piece of ordnance. 

DIS-P aRTED, pp. or a. Divided ; separated ; parted ; rent 
asunder. 

DIS-P ART1NG, ppr. Severing; dividing; bursting; cleav- 
ing. 

DIS-PAS'SION (-pash'un), n. Freedom from passion ; an 
undisturbed state of the mind ; apathy. 

P" S-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Free from passion ; unmoved by 
feelings ; as, a dispassionate speaker. 2. Not dictated by 
passion ; not proceeding from temper or bias ; as, a dis- 
passionate speech. — Syn. Calm ; cool ; composed ; serene ; 
temperate ; moderate ; impartial. 

t DIS-PAS'SION- a-TED, a. Cool ; free from passion. 

DIS-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without passion; calmly; 
coolly. 

i DIS-PAS'SION£D, a. Free from passion.— Donne. 

DIS-P ATCH', v. t. [Fr. depecher.] 1. To send or send away ■ 
particularly applied to the sending of messengers, agents, 
and letters on special business, and often implying haste. 
2. To send out of the world ; to put to death. 3. To ex- 
ecute speedily. — Syn. To expedite; hasten; speed; ac- 
celerate ; perform ; conclude ; finish ; slay ; kill. 

\ DIS-P ATCH', v. i. To conclude an affair with another ; to 
transact and finish. — Shak. 

DIS-PATCH', n. 1. Speedy performance; execution or 
transaction of business with due diligence. 2. Expedi- 
tion ; due diligence ; as, to go with dispatch. 3. Conduct ; 
management. — Shak. ; [not used.] 4. A letter sent or to 
be sent with expedition, by a messenger express ; or a 
letter on some affair of state, or of public concern ; or a 
packet of letters, sent by some public officer, on public 
business. 

DIS-P ATCHED' (dis-pachf), pp. Sent with haste or by a 
courier express ; sent out of the world ; put to death ; 
performed; finished. 

DIS-P ATCH'ER, n. 1 One who dispatches ; one who kills. 
2. One who sends cu a special errand. 

DIS-P ATCHTUL, a. Bent on haste ; indicating haste ; in- 
tent on speedy execution of business. 

DIS-PATCH TNG, ppr. Sending away in haste; putting to 
death : executing ; finishing. 

DIS'PA-THY, re. Want of passion. 

DIS-FAU'PER, v. t. To deprive of the claim of a pauper to 
public support ; to reduce back from the state of a pauper. 

DIS-PAU'PER-ED, pret. andj>p. Brought from the state of 
a pauper. 

DIS-P AU'PER-ING, ppr. Bringing from the condition of a 
pauper. 

DIS-PEL', v. t. [L. dispello.] To scatter by driving or force. 
—Syn. To dissipate ; disperse ; drive away ; banish. 

OIS-PEL'L£D (dis-pekT), pp. Driven away; scattered; dis- 
sipated. 



DIS-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving away ; dispersing ; scattering 

t DIS-PENCE', re. Expense ; cost ; profusion. — Spenser. 

DIS-PEND', v. t. [L. dispendo.] To spend ; to lay out; to 
consume. — Spenser. [Little used.] See Expend. 

DIS-PEND'ER, re. One who distributes. 

DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. That may be dispensed with. 

DIS-PENS'A-BLE-NESS, re. The capability of being dis- 
pensed with. — Hammond. 

DIS-PENS'A-RY, n. A house, place, or shop in which med- 
icines are dispensed to the poor, and medical advice given 
gratis. 

DIS-PEN-SI'TION, n. [L. dispensation 1. Distribution , 
the act of dealing out to different persons or places. 2. 
The dealing of God to his creatures ; the distribution of 
good and evil, natural or moral, in the divine government. 
3. The granting of a license, or the license itself, to do 
what is forbidden by laws or canons, or to omit some- 
thing which is commanded ; exemption. 4. That which 
is dispensed or bestowed ; a system of principles and rites 
enjoined ; as, the Christian dispensation. 

DIS-PENS'A-TIVE, a. Granting dispensation. 

DIS-PENS'A-TiVE-LY, adv. By dispensation.— Wotton. 

DIS-PEN-Sa'TOR, re. [L.] One whose employment is to 
deal out or distribute ; a dispenser. [Little used.] 

DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, a. Having power to grant dispensa- 
tions. 

DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, re. A book containing the method of 
preparing the various kinds of medicines. 

DIS-PENSE' (dig-pens'), v. t. [Fr. dispenser.] 1. To deal or 
divide out in parts or portions ; to distribute. The stew 
ard dispenses provisions to every man, according to his 
directions. 2. To administer; to apply, as laws to partic- 
ular cases ; to distribute justice. — 1. To dispense with, to 
permit not to take effect ; to neglect or pass by ; to sus- 
pend the operation or application of something. 2. To 
excuse from ; to give leave not to do or observe what is 
required or commanded. 3. To permit the want of a thing 
which is useful or convenient ; or, in the vulgar phrase, to 
do without. 

t DIS-PENSE', re. 1. Dispensation.— Milton. 2. Expense, 
profusion. — Spenser. 

DIS-PENS.ED' (dis-penstO, pp. Distributed; administered. 

DIS-PENS'ER, re. One who dispenses ; one who distrib- 
utes ; one who administers. 

DIS-P ENSTNG, ppr. 1. Distributing; administering. 2. a. 
That may dispense with ; granting dispensation ; that may 
grant license to omit what is required by law, or to do 
what the law forbids. 

DIS-PeO'PLE (-pee'pl), v. t. [dis and people.] To depopu- 
late; to empty of inhabitants, as by destruction, expul- 
sion, or other means. — Milton. 

DIS-PeO'PL.ED (-pee'pld), pp. Depopulated ; deprived of 
inhabitants. 

DIS-PeO'PLER, re. One who depopulates ; a depopulator ; 
that which deprives of inhabitants. 

DIS-PeOTLING (dis-pee'pling), ppr. Depopulating. 

t DIS-PERGE' (dis-perf), v. t. [L. dispergo.] To sprinkle. 

Dl-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. Si, StS, and oirepiia.] In botany, two- 
seeded ; containing two seeds only. 

DIS-PERSE' (dis-pers'), v. t. [L. dispersus.] To drive asun- 
der ; to cause to separate into different parts ; as, to dis 
perse a crowd ; the fog is dispersed. — Syn. To scatter ; di» 
sipate; dispel; spread; diffuse; distribute; deal out. 

DIS-PERSE', v. i. 1. To be scattered ; to separate ; to go 
or move into different parts. 2. To be scattered ; to van- 
ish ; as fog or vapors. 

DIS-PERS£D' (dis-persf ), pp. or a. Scattered ; driven 
apart ; diffused ; dissipated. 

DIS-PERS'ED-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner ; separately. 
— Hooker. 

DIS-PERS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being dispersed or 

DIS-PERSE'NESS, re. Thinness ; a scattered state.— Brere, 
wood. [Little used.] 

DIS-PERS'ER re. One who disperses.— Spectator. 

DIS-PERSTNG, ppr. Scattering; dissipating. 

DIS-PER'SION, n. 1. The act of scattering. 2. The state 
of being scattered, or separated into remote parts. — 3. By 
way of eminence, the scattering or separation of the human 
family at the building of Babel. — 4. In optics, the separa- 
tion of light into its different colored rays. This arise = 
from their different refrangibilitie§. — 5. In medicine and 
surgery, the removing of inflammation from a part, and 
restoring it to its natural state. 

DIS-PERSTVE, a. Tending to scatter or dissipate. 

DIS-PlR'IT, v. t. [dis and spirit.] 1. To deprive of courage , 
to impress with discouragement or fear. 2. To exhaust 
the spirits or vigor of the body. — Collier; [not usual.] — 
Syn. To dishearten ; discourage ; deject ; damp ; depress ; 
cast down ; intimidate ; daunt ; affright ; frighten ; terrify. 

DIS-PiR'IT-ED, pp. or a. Discouraged ; depressed in spir- 
its ; dejected; intimidated. 

DIS-PIRTT-ED-LY, adv. In a dispirited manner. 



ThWE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— C as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ ObsolMe. 



Dl 



310 



DIS 



Want of courage ; depression of 
Discouraging ; disheartening ; 
cruel : furious. — 



DIS-PfRTT-ED-NESS, n. 
spirits. 

DIS-PiR'IT-ING, ppr. or a. 
dejecting; intimidating. 

r DIS-PITE-OUS, a. Having no pity 
Spenser. 

f DIS-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Maliciously. 

MS-PL aCE', v. t. [dis and place.] 1. To put out of the 
usual or proper place ; to remove from its place. 2. To 
remove from any state, condition, office, or dignity. 3. 
To disorder. Shak. — Syn. To disarrange ; derange ; dis- 
miss ; discard. 

UIS-PLaCED' (dis-plastf), pp. Removed from the proper 
place ; deranged ; disordered ; removed from an office 
or state. 

DIS-PLaCE'MENT, n. [Fr. deplacement.] The act of dis- 
placing ; the act of removing from the usual or proper 
piace.or from a state, condition, or office. — Asiat. Res. 

DIS-PLa'CEN-CY, n. [L. displicentia.] Incivility ; that 
whicn displeases or disobliges. 

DIS-PLaC'ING, ppr. Putting out of the usual or proper 
place ; removing from an office, state, or condition. 

DIS-PLANT, v. t. 1. To pluck up or to remove a plant. 2. 
To drive away or remove from the usual place of resi- 
dence, as a nation. 3. To strip of inhabitants, as a country. 

DIS-PLANT-A'TION, n. 1. The removal of a plant 2. 
The removal of inhabitants or resident people. 

DIS-PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Removed from the place where it 
grew, as a plant. 2. Removed from the place of residence. 
3. Deprived of inhabitants. 

DIS-PLANT'ING, ppr. Removing, as a plant. 

DIS-PLANT'ING, n. Removal from a fixed place. 

DIS-PLAT, v. t. To untwist; to Uncurl. — Hakcwill. 

DIS-PLaY', v. t. [Fr. deploy cr.] 1. Literally, to unfold ; 
hence, to open ; to spread wide ; to expand ; as, 'to display 
a body of troops. 2. To spread before the eyes or mind ; 
to make manifest ; as, to display wisdom. 3. To carve ; 
to dissect and open. 4. To Set to view ostentatiously. 5. 
To discover. — Spenser ; [obs.] 6. To open ; to unlock. — 
B. Jonson ; [obs.] — Syn. To exhibit ; show ; spread out ; 
parade. 

DIS-PLaY', v. i. To talk without restraint ; to make a 
great show of words. — Shak. 

DIS-PLIY', n. 1. An opening or unfolding; an exhibition 
of any thing to the view. 2. Show ; exhibition. 

DIS-PLaYjED' (dis-plade'), pp. Unfolded ; opened ; spread ; 
expanded ; exhibited to view ; manifested. 

DIS-PLIY'ER, n. He or that which displays. 

DIS-P LaY'ING, ppr. Unfolding ; spreading ; exhibiting ; 
manifesting. 

t DIS'PLE, v. t. To discipline ; to chastise. — Spenser. 

f DIS-PLEAS'ANCE (dis-plez'ans), n. [Fr. deplaisance.] An- 
ger ; discontent. — Spenser. 

DIS-PLeAS'ANT (dis-plez'ant), a. Unpleasing ; offensive ; 
unpleasant. [Little used.] 

DIS-PLE ASE' (dis-pleez'), v. t. [dis and please.] 1. To make 
angry, sometimes in a slight degree. 2. To excite disgust 
or aversion in. 3. To be disagreeable to. — Syn. To offend ; 
disgusj;; vex; chafe; anger. 

DIS-PLE ASE', v. i. To disgust ; to raise aversion. 

DIS-PLEASED' (dis-pleezd'), pp. Offended; disgusted. 

DIS-PLeAS'ED-NESS, n. Displeasure ; uneasiness. 

DIS-PLE AS'ING, ppr. or a. Giving offense ; offensive to the 
eye, to the mind, to the smell, or to the taste ; disgusting ; 
disagreeable. 

DIS-PLeAS'ING-NESS, n. Offensiveness ; the quality of 
giving some degree of disgust. 

DIS-PLeAS'URE (dis-plezh'ur), n. 1. Some irritation or 
uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by any thing that 
counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice 
and a sense of propriety. 2. Cause of irritation. 3. State 
of disgrace or disfavor. — Syn. Dissatisfaction ; disappro- 
bation ; distaste ; dislike ; anger ; indignation ; offense. 

t DIS-PLeAS'URE, v. t. To displease.— Bacon. 

fDIS'PLI-CENCE, n. [L. displicentia.] Dislike. 

DIS-PLoDE', v. t. [L. displodo.] To vent, discharge, or 
burst with a violent sound. — Milton. 

DIS-PLoDE', v. i. To burst with a loud report ; to explode. 

DIS-PLoD'ED, pp. Discharged with a loud report. 

DIS-PLoDTNG, ppr. Discharging or bursting with a loud 
report. 

DIS-PLo'SION (dis-plo'zhun), n. The act of disploding ; a 

sudden bursting with a loud report ; an explosion. 
DIS-PL6'SIVE, a. Noting displosion. 

DIS-PLuME', v. t. To strip or deprive of plumes or feath- 
ers; to strip of badges of honor. — Burke. 
DIS-PLuMED' (dis-plumd'), pp. Stripped of plumes. 
DIS-PLuM'ING, ppr. Depriving of plumes. 
Dt-SPON'DEE, n. In Greek and Latin poetry, a double spon- 
dee, consisting of four long syllables. 
DIS-P6N6E'. See Dispunge. 

DIS-PoRT, n. [dis and sport.] Play; sport; pastime; diver- 
sion; amusement; merriment. — Milton. 



DIS-PoRT, v. i. To play ; to wanton ; to move lightly and 
without restraint ; to move in gayety. 

DIS-PoRT', v. t. To divert or amuse.— Shak. 

DIS-PoRT, v. t. To remove from a port. — Chalmers. 

DIS-PoRTED, pp. Played ; moved lightly and without re- 
straint. 

DIS-P5RTING, ppr. Playing: wantoning. 

DIS-PoRTMENT, n. Act of disporting ; play.— More. 

DIS-PoS'A-BLE, a. Subject to disposal ; not previously en- 
gaged or employed ; free to be used or employed. 

DIS-PoS'AL (dis-poz'al), n. 1. The act of disposing; a set- 
ting or arranging. 2. Regulation, order, or arrangement 
of things, in the moral government of God. 3. Power of 
ordering, arranging, or distributing; as, the disposal of 
affairs. 4. Power or right of bestowing ; as, the disposal 
of offices. 5. The passing into a new state or into new 
hands ; a3, a disposal in marriage. — Syn. Disposition ; dis- 
pensation ; management ; conduct ; government ; distri- 
bution. 

DIS-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. disposer.] 1. To place in order. 2. To 
set in riglft order. 3. To apply to a particular purpose. 

4. To set, place, or turn to a particular end or conse- 
quence. 5. To form for any purpose. 6. To set the mind 
in a particular frame. — Syn. To set ; arrange ; order ; dis- 
tribute ; adjust ; regulate ; adapt ; fit ; incline ; bestow ; 
give. 

To dispose of. — 1. To part with ; to sell ; to alienate. 2. To 
part with to another ; to put into another's hand or power; 
to bestow. 3. To give away or transfer by authority. 4. 
To direct the course of a thing. 5. To place in any con- 
dition. 6. To direct what to do or what course to pursue. 
7. To use or employ. 8. To put away. 

t DIS-PoSE', v. i. To bargain ; to make terms.— Shak. 

t DIS-PoSE', n. 1. Disposal; power of disposing ; manage- 
ment. 2. Dispensation ; act of government 3. Disposi- 
tion ; cast of behavior. 4. Disposition ; cast of mind ; in 
clination. 

DIS-P5S.ED' (dis-pozd'), pp. Set in order; arranged ; placed ; 
adjusted ; applied ; bestowed ; inclined. 

DIS-PoS'ER, n. 1. One who disposes ; a distributor ; a be- 
stower ; as, a disposer of gifts. 2. One who directs or reg- 
ulates : a director ; a regulator. 3. That which disposes. 

DIS-PoS'ING, ppr. Setting in order ; arranging ; distribu- 
ting; bestowing; regulating; adjusting; governing. 

DIS-PoS'ING, n. The act of arranging ; regulation ; direc- 
tion. 

DIS-PO-Si"TION (-po-zish'un), n. [L. dispositio.] 1. The 
act of disposing, or state of being disposed. 2. Manner in 
which things or the parts of a complex body are placed 
or arranged. 3. Natural fitness or tendency ; [applied to 
things.] 4. Temper or natural constitution of the mind, 

5. The temper or frame of mind, as directed to particular 
objects. 6. A giving away or giving over to another. — 
Syn. Disposal ; adjustment ; regulation ; arrangement ; 
distribution ; order ; method ; adaptation ; inclination ; 
propensity ; bestowment ; alienation. 

DIS-PO-Si"TION-AL, a. Pertaining to disposition. 

t DIS-POS'I-Tl VE, a. That implies" disposal.— Aylijfe. 

t DIS-POS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. In a dispositive manner; dis- 
tributively. — Brown. 

t DIS-POS'I-TOR, n. A disposer. — In astrology, the planet 
which is lord of the sign where another planet is. 

DIS-POS-SESS', v. t. [dis and possess.] To put out of pos- 
session, by any means ; to deprive of the actual occupancy 
of a thing, particularly of land or real estate ; to disseize ; 
as, to dispossess of a farm. 

DIS-POS-SESS.ED' (dis-pos-sesf), pp. Deprived of posses- 
sion or occupancy. 

DIS-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Depriving of possession ; disseiz- 
ing. 

DIS-POS-SES'SION (-pos-sesh'un), n. The act of putting 
out of possession. — Hall. 

t DIS-PoS'URE (dis-po'zhur), n. 1. Disposal ; the power of 
disposing ; management ; direction. — Sandys. 2. State ; 
posture ; disposition. 

jDIS-PRaISE' (dis-praze'), n. [dis and praise.] The imputa- 
tion of something improper or faulty ; the opposite of 
praise^ — Syn. Blame ; censure ; dishonor ; reproach. 

DIS-PRA.ISE', v. t. To blame ; to censure ; to mention with 
disapprobation, or some degree of reproach. 

DIS-PRAIS.ED' (dis-prazd'), pp. Blamed ; censured. 

DIS-PRaIS'ER. n. One who blames or dispraises. 

t DIS-PR aIS'I-BLE, a. Unworthy of commendation.— Diet. 

DIS-PRaISTNG, ppr. Blaming; censuring. 

DIS-PRaIS'ING-L Y, adv. By way of dispraise ; with b.lame 
or some degree of reproach. 

DIS-PRe AD' (dis-pred'), v. t. To spread in different ways , 
to extend or flow in different directions. — Pope. 

DIS-PReAD', v. i. To expand or be extended. 

DIS-PREAD'ER, n. A publisher ; a divulger. 

DIS-PRIS'ON (-priz'n), v. t. To set free from confinement 
— Bitlwer. 

t DIS-PRIVI-LE6E, v. t. To deprive of a privilege. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c. short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



DIS 



311 



DIS 



DiS-PRlZE', v. t. To undervalue. — Cotton. 

DIS-PRO-FESS', v. i. To renounce the profession of. 

DIS-PROF'IT, n. Loss; detriment; damage: [Little used.] 

DIS-PROOF', n. Confutation ; reputation ; a proving to be 
false or erroneous. 

\ DIS-PROP'ER-TY, v. I. To deprive of property; to dis- 
possess. — Shak. 

DIS-PRO-PoRTION, n. 1. Want of proportion of one thing 
to another, or between the parts of a thing ; want of sym- 
metry. 2. Want of proper quantity, according to rules 
prescribed. 3. Want of suitableness or adequacy ; dis- 
parity; inequality; unsuitableness. 

OIS-PRO-FoR'TION, v. t. To make unsuitable in form, size, 
length, or quantity ; to violate symmetry in ; to mismatch ; 
to join unfitly. 

DIS-PRO-PoR TION-A-BLE, a. Disproportional ; not in 
proportion ; unsuitable in form, size, or quantity to some- 
thing else. [Disproportional is the proper word.] 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of proportion 
or symmetry ; unsuitableness to something else. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TlON-A-BL Y, adv. With want of proportion 
or symmetry ; unsuitably to something else. 

DIS-PRO-P5R-TION-AL, a. Not having due proportion to 
eomething else ; not having proportion or symmetry of 
parts ; unsuitable hi form or quantity ; unequal ; inade- 
quate. [This is the word which ought to be used for dis- 
proportionable.] 

DIS-PRO-PoR-TION-AI/I-TY, n. The state of being dis- 
proportional. 

DIS-PRO-PoRTION-AL-LY, adv. Unsuitably with respect 
to form, quantity, or value ; inadequately ; unequally. 

DIS-PRO-PoRTION-ATE, a. Not proportioned ; unsym- 
metrical ; unsuitable to something else, in bulk, form, or 
value; inadequate. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-LY, adv. In a disproportionate 
degree ; unsuitably ; inadequately. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness in form, 
bulk, or value ; inadequacy. 

DIS-PRO-P5R'TION£D, pp. or a. Not proportioned ; out 
of proportion ; disproportionate. 

DIS-PRo'PRI-ATE, v. t. To destroy appropriation ; to with- 
draw from an appropriate use. See Disappropriate. 

DIS-PR5VA-BLE (-proov'a-bl), a. Capable of being dis- 
proved or refuted — Boyle. 

DIS-PRdVE', v. t. [dis and prove.} 1. To prove to be false 
or erroneous ; to refute ; to confute. 2. To convict of 
the practice of error. — Hooker; [obs.] 3. To disallow or 
disapprove. — Hooker ; [obs.] 

DIS-PR6V.ED' (dis-proovd'), pp. Proved to be false or er- 
roneous; refuted. 

T)IS-PRoVER, n. One who disproves or confutes. 

DIS-PRoVTNG, ppr. Proving to be false or erroneous ; 
confuting ; refuting. 

DIS-PUNGE', v. t. To expunge ; to erase ; also, to discharge 
as from a spunge. — Shak. [Little used.] 

DIS-PUN'ISH-A-BLE, a. [dis and punishable.] Without pe- 
nal restraint ; not punishable. — Swift. 

tDIS-PURSE', for disburse.— Shak. 

t DIS-PUR-VEY' (-pur-va/), v. t. To unprovide. 

* DIS-PUR-VEYANCE, n. Want of provisions.— Spenser. 

* DISTU-TA-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; liable to be 

called in question, controverted, or contested ; controvert- 
ible ; of doubtful certainty. 

t DIS-PU-TAC'I-TY (-tas'e-te), n. Proneness to dispute. 

DIS'PU-TANT, n. One who disputes ; one who argues in 
opposition to another ; a controvertist ; a reasoner in op- 
position. 

DIS'PU-TANT, a. Disputing ; engaged in controversy. 

DIS-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. disputatio.] 1. The act of disput- 
ing ; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to some- 
thing, or on opposite sides ; controversy in words ; verbal 
contest, respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, prop- 
osition, or argument. 2. An exercise in colleges, in which 
parties reason in opposition to each other, on some ques- 
tion proposed. 

D IS-PU-Ta'TIOUS (-shus), a. Inclined to dispute ; apt to 
cavil or controvert. 

DIS-PU-Ta'TIOUS-NESS, n. Inclination to dispute. 

DIS-Pu'TA-TlVE, a. Disposed to dispute ; inclined to cavil 
or to reason in opposition.— Watts. 

DIS-PuTE', v. i. [L. dijputo.] 1. To contend in argument ; 
to reason or argue in opposition ; to debate ; to altercate. 
2. To strive or contend in opposition to a competitor. 

DIS-PuTE', v. t. 1. To attempt to disprove by arguments 
cr statements ; to attempt to prove to be false, unfounded, 
or erroneous ; to attempt to overthrow by reasoning. 2. 
To strive or contend for, either by words or actions. 3. 
To call in question the propriety of ; to oppose by reason- 
ing. 4. To strive to maintain ; as, to dispute every inch 
of ground.— Syn. To controvert ; contest ; doubt ; ques- 
tion^ argue; debate. 

DIS-PuTE', n. 1. Strife or contest in words or by argu- 
ments ; an attempt to prove and maintain one's own opin- 



ons or claims, by arguments or statements, in opposition 
to the opinions, arguments, or claims of another. — Dispute 
is usually applied to verbal contest ; controversy may be 
in words or writing. 2. The possibility of being contro- 
verted ; as, beyond all dispute. — Syn. Controversy ; argu- 
mentation ; debate ; altercation ; quarrel ; disagreement , 
difference. 

DIS-PuTED, pp. or a. Contested ; opposed by words or 
arguments; litigated. 

DIS-PuTE'LESS, a. Admitting no dispute ; incontrovertible. 

DIS-PuTER, n. One who disputes, or who is given to dis 
putes ; a controvertist. 

DIS-PuTTNG, ppr. Contending by words or arguments 
controverting. 

DIS-PfjTING, n. The act of contending by words or argu- 
ments; controversy; altercation. 

DIS-QUAL-I-FI-GI'TION, n. 1. The act of disqualifying; 
or that which disqualifies ; that which renders unfit, un- 
suitable, or inadequate. 2. The act of depriving of legal 
power or capacity ; that which renders incapable ; that 
which incapacitates in law ; disability. 3. Want of quali- 
fication. It is used in this sense, though improperly. 

DIS-QUAL'I FLED (-quol'e-flde), pp. or a. Deprived of qual 
ifications , re_ndered unfit. 

DIS-QUAL'I-FY, v. t. 1. To make unfit ; to deprive of nat- 
ural power, or the qualities or properties necessary for 
any purpose : with for. 2. To deprive of legal capacity, 
power, or right ; to disable. • 

DIS-QUAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Rendering unfit ; disabling. 

t DIS-QUAN'TI-TY, v. t. To diminish.— Shak. 

DIS-QUl'ET, a. [dis and quiet.] Unquiet ; restless ; un- 
easy. — Shak. [Seldom used.] 

DIS-QUl'ET, n. Want of quiet ; uneasiness ; restlessness ; 
want of tranquillity in body or mind ; disturbance ; anxi- 
ety. — Swift. 

DIS-QUl'ET, v. t. To disturb ; to deprive of peace, rest, or 
tranquillity ; to make uneasy or restless ; to harass the 
body ;_to fret or vex the mind. 

DIS-QUl'ET-ED, pp. or a. Made uneasy or restless ; dis- 
turbed; harassed. 

DIS-QUl'ET-ER, n. One who disquiets ; he or that which 
makes uneasy. 

DIS-QUI'ET-FUL, a. Producing inquietude —Barroio. 

DIS-QUl'ET-ING, ppr. 1. Disturbing ; making uneasy ; de- 
priving of rest or peace. 2. a. Tending to disturb the 
mind._ 

DIS-QUl'ET-lVE, a. Tending to disquiet. 

DIS-QUl'ET-LY, adv. Without quiet or rest ; in an uneasy- 
state ; uneasily; anxiously. [Unusual.] 

DIS-QUl'ET-MENT, n. Act of disquieting. 

DIS-QUl'ET-NESS, n. Uneasiness"; restlessness ; disturb- 
ance ofpeace in body or mind. — Hooker. 

t DIS-QUl'ET-OUS, a. Causing uneasiness. — Milton. 

DIS-QUl'E-TUDE, n. Want of peace or tranquillity ; un- 
easiness ; disturbance ; agitation ; anxiety. 

DIS-QUI-ffil'TION (dis-kwe-zish'un), n. [L. disquisitio.] A 
formal or systematic inquiry into any subject, by argu- 
ments, or discussion of the facts and circumstances that 
may elucidate truth. — Woodward. [Generally a written 

DIS-QUI-Sf"TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to disquisition. 

t DIS-RANK', v. t. 1. To degrade from rank. 2. To throw 
out of rank or into confusion. 

DIS-RE-GARD', n. Neglect ; omission of notice ; slight ; 
implying indifference or some degree of contempt. 

DIS-RE-GARD', v. t. To omit to take notice of; to neglect 
to observe ; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice. 

DIS-RE-GaRD'ED, pp. Neglected; slighted; unnoticed. 

DIS-RE-GaRD'ER, n. One who neglects. 

DIS-RE-GaRD'FUL, a. Neglectful; negligent; heedless. 

DIS-RE-GaRD'FUL-LY, adv. Negligently ; heedlessly. 

DIS-RE-GaRDTNG, ppr. Neglecting; overlooking. 

DIS-RELTSH, n. 1. Distaste ; dislike of the palate ; some 
degree of disgust. 2. Bad taste ; nauseousness. 3. Dis- 
taste or dislike, in a figurative sense. 

DIS-REL'ISH, v. t. 1. To dislike the taste of. 2. To make 
nauseous or disgusting ; to infect with a bad taste. — Mil- 
ton ; [little used.] 3. To dislike ; to feel some disgust at 

DIS-REL'ISH.BD (-rel'isht), pp. Not relished ; disliked ■ 
made nauseous. 

DIS-REL'ISH-ING, ppr. Disliking the taste of; experiencing 
disgust at ; rendering nauseous. 

DIS-RE-MEM'BER, v. t. To forget. [Unauthorized.] 

DIS-RE-PaIR', v. [dis and repair.] A state of being not in 
repair or good condition. — Chalmers. 

DIS-REP'U-TA-BLE. a. 1. Not reputable ; not in esteem ; 
not honorable ; [used of persons.] 2. Disgracing the rep- 
utation ; tending to impair the good name, and bring into 
disesteem; [used of things.]— Syn. Dishonorable; low; 
mean ; disgraceful ; shameful. 

DIS-REP'U-TA-BLY, adv. In a disreputable manner.— Rich, 
Diet. 

DIS-REP-U-Ta'TION, n. Loss or want of reputation oi 



PAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; Til as in this! t Obsolete 



DlH 



312 



DIS 



good name ; disrepute; disesteem; dishonor; disgrace; 
discredit. 
DIS-RE-PuTE', n, Loss or want of reputation. — Syn. Dis- 
esteem ;_ discredit ; dishonor; disgrace. 

DIS-RE-PuTE', v. t. To bring into disreputation. 

DIS-RE-PuT'ED, pp. Brought into disreputation. 

DIS-RE-PuTlNG, ppr. Bringing into disreputation. 

DIS-RE-SPE€T', u. 1. Want ot respect or reverence ; dis- 
esteem. — 2. As an act, incivility ; irreverence ; rudeness. 

DIS-RE-SPECT, v. t. To show disrespect to. 

DIS-RE-SPE€TED, pp. Treated with disrespect. 

DIS-RE-SPE€TING, ppr. Showing disrespect to. 

DIS-RE-SPE€T'FUL, a. 1. Wanting in respect. 2. Mani- 
festing disesteem or want of respect ; uncivil ; rude. 

DIS-RE-SPECTFUL-LY, adv. In a disrespectful manner ; 
irreverently ; uncivilly. 

DiS-RoBE', v. t. 1. To divest of a robe ; to divest of gar- 
ments ; to undress. 2. To strip of covering ; to divest of 
any surrounding appendage. 

DIS-RoBED' (dis-robd'), pp. Divested of clothing ; stripped 
of covering. 

DIS-RoB'ER, n. One who strips of robes or clothing. 

DIS-RoBTNG,£pr. Divesting of garments ; stripping of any 
kind of covering. 

DIS-ROOT, v. t. 1. To tear up the roots, or by the roots. 
2. To tear from a foundation ; to loosen or undermine. — 
Goldsmith. 

DIS-ROOTED. pp. Torn up by the roots ; undermined. 

DIS-ROOTING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; undermining. 

DIS-RUPT, a. [L. disruptus.) Rent from ; torn asunder ; 
severed by rending or breaking. 

DIS-RUPT'ED, a. Rent asunder.— Dr. Thompson. 

DIS-RUPTION, n. [L. disruptio.} 1. The act of rending 
asunder ; the act of bursting and separating. 2. Breach ; 
rent; dilaceration. 

DIS-SAT-IS-FA€'TION, n. The state of being dissatisfied; 
uneasiness proceeding from the want of gratification, or 
from disappointed wishes and expectations. — Syn. Dis- 
content ; discontentment; displeasure; disapprobation; 
distaste ; dislike. 

DIS-SAT-IS-FAC'TO-RI-NESS, n. Inability to satisfy or give 
content ; a failing to give content. 

DIS-SAT-IS-FACTO-RY, a. Unable to give content; giving 
discontent; displeasing. 

DIS-SAT'IS-FLED (-safis-fide), pp. 1. Made discontented ; 
displeased. 2. a. Discontented ; not satisfied ; not pleased ; 
offended. — Locke. 

DIS-SAT'IS-FY, v. t. To render discontented ; to displease ; 
to excite uneasiness by frustrating wishes or expectations. 

DIS-SAT'IS-FY-ING, ppr. Exciting uneasiness or, discontent. 

DIS-SeAT', v. t. To remove from a seat.— Shah 

DIS-SECT', v. t. [L. disseco, dissectus.) 1. To cut in pieces ; 
to divide an animal body with a cutting instrument, by 
separating the joints. 2. To cut in pieces, as an animal 
or vegetable, for the purpose of examining the structure 
or condition of its several parts ; to anatomize. 3. To di- 
vide into its constituent parts, for the purpose of examina- 
tion. — Pope. 

DIS-SECTED, pp. or a. Cut in pieces ; separated by part- 
ing the joints : divided into its constituent parts ; opened 
and examined. 

DIS-SE€T'I-BLE, a. That may be dissected.— Paley. 

DIS-SECTTNG, ppr. 1. Cutting in pieces ; dividing the parts ; 
separating constituent parts for minute examination. 2. a. 
Used in dissection ; as, a dissecting knife. 

DIS-SECTION, n. [L. dissectio.) 1. The act of cutting in 
pieces an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examin- 
ing the structure or condition of its parts ; anatomy. 2. 
The act of separating into constituent parts, for the pur- 
pose of critical examination. 

DIS-SECTOR, n. One who dissects ; an anatomist. 

DIS-SeIZE' (-seeze), v. t. [dis and seize ; Fr. dessaisir.) _ In 
law, to dispossess wrongfully ; to deprive of actual seizin 
or possession : followed by of. 

DIS-SeIZED' (dis-seezd'), pp. Put out of possession wrong- 
fully or by force ; deprived of actual possession. 

DIS-SeI-ZEE' (-see-zeeO, n. A person put out of possession 
of an estate unlawfully. 

DIS-SeIZTN, n. The act of disseizing ; an unlawful dispos- 
sessing of a person of his lands, tenements, or incorporeal 
hereditaments ; a deprivation of actual seizin. 

DIS-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Depriving of actual seizin or posses- 
sion j putting out of possession. 

DIS-SeIZ'OR (-seez'or), n. One who puts another out of 
possession wrongfully ; he that dispossesses another. 

DIS-SEM'BL ANCE, n. Want of resemblance. [Little, used.] 

DIS-SEM'BLE, v. t. [L. dissimulo.] 1. To hide under a false 
appearance ; to pretend that not to be which really is. 
[The proper sense of the word.) 2. To pretend that to be 
which is not ; to make a false appearance of. [Simulate 
is the proper word for this sense.] — Syn. To disguise ; con- 
ceal; cloak; cover. 

DIS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To be hypocritical ; to assume a false 



appearance ; to conceal the real fact; motives, intention, 
or sentiments under some pretense. 

DIS-SEM'BL£D,^p. Concealed under a false appearance ; 
disguised. 

DIS-SEM'BLER, n. One who dissembles ; a hypocrite ; one 
who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false 
appearance. 

DIS-SEM'BLING, ppr. or a. Hiding under a false appear- 
ance ; acting the hypocrite. 

DIS-SEM'BLING-LY, adv. With dissimulation; hypocrit- 
ically ; falsely. — Knolles. 

DIS-SEM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. dissemino.) 1. Literally, to sow ; 
to scatter seed ; [but seldom or never used in its literal sense.} 
2. To scatter for growth and propagation, like seed. 3. 
To spread abroad, as heat. 4. To spread abroad, as na- 
tions. [ The second is the proper sense of the word.) — Syn. 
To spread ; diffuse ; propagate ; circulate ; disperse. 

DIS-SEM'IN-a-TED, pp. 1. Scattered, as seed ; propagated ; 
spread. — 2. In mineralogy, occurring in portions less than a 
hazel-nut ; _being scattered. 

DIS-SEM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Scattering and propagating ; 
spreading. 

DIS-SEM-IN-a'TION, n. The act of scattering and propa- 
gating, like seed ; the act of spreading for growth and per- 
manence. 

DIS-SEM'IN-a-TOR, n. One who disseminates ; one who 
spreads and propagates. 

DIS-SEN'SION, n. [L. dissensio.) Disagreement in opinion, 
usually a disagreement which is violent, producing warm 
debates or angry words ; breach of friendship and union. 
— Syn. Contention ; discord ; strife ; quarrel. 

DIS-SEN'SIOUS (dis-sen'shus), a. Disposed to discord ; 
quarrelsome; contentious; factious. — Shah [Little used.) 

DIS-SENT', v. i. [L. dissensio.) 1. To disagree in opinion; 
to differ ; to think in a different or contrary manner : with 
from. 2. To differ from an established church, in regard 
to doctrines, rites, or government. 3. To differ ; to be o» 
a contrary nature. — Hooker. 

DIS-SENT', n. 1. Difference of opinion ; disagreement. 2. 
Declaration of disagreement in opinion. 3. Separation 
from an established church, especially that of England. 
4. Contrariety of nature ; opposite quality. — Bacon ; [obs.\ 

DIS-SENT- I'NE-OUS, a. Disagreeable ; contrary. 

t DIS'SENT-A-NY, a. Dissentaneous ; inconsistent. 

DIS-SENT- A'TION, n. Act of dissenting. 

DIS-SENTER, n. 1. One who dissents ; one who differs in 
opinion, or one who declares his disagreement 2. One 
who separates from the service and worship of any estab- 
lished church. The word is, in England, particularly ap- 
plied to those who separate from, or who do not unite 
with, the Church of England. 

DIS-SEN'TIENT (dis-sen'shent), a. Disagreeing ; declaring 
dissent. 

DIS-SEN'TIENT, n. One who disagrees, and declares his 
dissent. 

DIS-SENTTNG, ppr. or a. Disagreeing in opinion ; separa- 
ting from the communion of an established church. 

DIS-SENTIOUS (dis-sen'shus), a. Disposed to disagreement 
or discord. 

DIS-SEPI-MENT, n, [L. dissepimentum.) In botany, a term 
applied to the partitions formed in ovaries by the united 
sides of cohering carpels, and which separate the inside 
into cells. 

DIS-SERT", v. i. [L. dissero, diserto.) To discourse or dis- 
pute. [Little in use.) 

DIS'SER-TaTE, v. i. To deal in dissertation.— John Foster 

DIS-SERT-a'TION, n. [L. dissertatio.) 1. A discourse, or. 
rather, a formal discourse, intended to illustrate a subject. 
2. A written essay, treatise, or disquisition. 

DIS'SERT-a-TOR, n. One who writes a dissertation ; one 
who debates. — Boyle. 

DIS-SERVE', v. t. [dis and serve.) To injure ; to hurt ; to 
harm ; to do injury or mischief to. 

DIS-SERVED' (dis-servd'), pp. Injured. 

DIS-SERV'lCE, n. Injury ; harm ; mischief. 

DIS-SERV'ICE-A-BLE, a. Injurious ; hurtful. 

DIS-SERV'fCE-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being inju 
rious ; tendency to harm. — Norris. 

DIS-SERV'ICE-A-BLY, adv. So as to be injurious.— HackeU 

D1S-SERVING, ppr. Injuring. 

t DIS-SETTLE, v. t. To unsettle.— More. 

DIS-SEV'ER, v. t. To dispart ; to part in two ; to divide 
asunder ; to separate ; to disunite, either by violence or not 

DIS-SEV'ER-ANCE, n. The act of dissevering ; separation 

DIS-SEV-ER- A'TION, n. Act of dissevering. 

DIS-SEV'ERED, pp. or a. Disjoined ; separated. 

DIS-SEV'ER-ING,£>pr. Dividing asunder ; separating; tear 
ing or cutting; asunder. 

DISSEV'ER-ING, n. The act of separating ; separation. 

DIS'SI-DENCE, n. Discord. 

DIS'SI-DENT, a. [L. dissideo.) Not agreeing. 

DIS'SI-DENT, n. A dissenter ; one who separates from the 
established religion. 



' See Synopsis. A, 6 I, &c, long.—l, % 1, &c, sho;\— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5VE, BOOK. 



DIS 



313 



DIS 



DIS-SIL'I-ENCE, n. [L. dissilio.] The act of leaping or 

starting asunder. 
DIS-SIL'I-ENT, a. Starting asunder ; bursting and opening 
with an elastic force, as the dry pod or capsule of a plant. 

DIS-SI-Ll"TION (dis-se-lish'un), n. The act of bursting open ; 
the act of starting or springing different ways. 

DIS-SIM'I-LAR, a. Unlike, either in nature, properties, or 
external form ; not similar ; not having the resemblance 
of; heterogeneous. 

DIS-SIM-I-LAR/I-TY, n. Unlikeness ; want of resemblance ; 
dissimilitude. 

DIS-SIM'I-LE, n. Comparison or illustration by contraries. 
[Little used.] 

DIS-SI-MILl-TUDE, n. [L. dissimilitudo.] Unlikeness ; want 
of resemblance. 

DIS-S1M-U-LITION, n. [L. dissimulatio.] The act of dis- 
sembling ; a hiding under a false appearance ; a feigning ; 
false pretension ; hypocrisy. 

t DIS-SIM'ULE, v. t. To dissemble.— Elyot. 

DIS'SI-PA-BLE, a. Liable to be dissipated ; that may be 
scattered or dispersed. — Bacon. 

DIS'SI-PaTE, v. t. [L. dissipatus.] l.-To drive asunder. 2. 
To scatter property in wasteful extravagance. 3. To scat- 
ter the attention. — Syn. To disperse ; scatter ; dispel ; 
spend i expend ; squander ; waste ; consume. 

DIS'SI-PaTE, v. i. To scatter ; to disperse ; to separate into 
parts and disappear ; to waste away ; to vanish. 

DIS'SI-Pl-TED, pp. 1. Scattered ; dispersed ; wasted ; con- 
sumed ; squandered. 2. a. Loose ; irregular ; given to 
extravagance in the expenditure of property ; devoted to 
pleasure and vice. 

DIS'SI-PA-TING,£pr.' Scattering; dispersing; wasting; con- 
suming; squandering; vanishing. 

DIS-SI-Pa'TION, n. 1. The act of scattering ■ dispersion ; 
the state of being dispersed. — 2. In physics, the insensible 
loss or waste of the minute parts of a body, which fly off, 
by which means the body is diminished or consumed. 3. 
Scattered attention, or that which diverts and calls off the 
mind from any subject. 4. A dissolute, irregular course 
of life ; a wandering from object to object in pursuit of 
pleasure. 

• DIS-S o -CIA-BrLT-T Y, n. Want of sociability. 

DIS-So'CIA-BLE (-so'sha-bl), a. 1. Not well associated, unit- 
ed, or assorted. 2. Incongruous ; not reconcilable with. — 
Spectator. 

DIS-So'CIAL (-so'shal), a. [dis and social] Unfriendly to 
society ; contracted ; selfish. — Karnes. 

DIS-So'CIITE, v t. [L. dissociatus.] To separate ; to disu- 
nite ; to part. — Boyle. 

DIS-So'CIa-TED, pp. Separated ; disunited. 

DIS-So'OlA-TING, ppr. Separating ; disuniting. 

DIS-SO-CI-a'TION, n. The act of disuniting ; a state of sep- 
aration ; disunion. — Burke. 

DIS-SO-LU-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being dissolved by 
heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid. 

DIS'SO-LU-BLE,a. [L. dissolubilis.] 1. Capable of being 
dissolved ; that may be melted ; having its parts separable 
by heat or moisture ; convertible into a fluid. — Woodward. 
2. That may be disunited. 

DIS'SO-LUTE, a. [L. dissolutus.] 1. Loose in behavior and 
morals ; given to vice and dissipation ; not under the re- 
straints of law. 2. Devoted to pleasure and dissipation. — 
Syn. Uncurbed ; disorderly ; wild ; wanton ; luxurious ; 
vicious ; lewd ; rakish ; debauched. 

DIS'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Loosely ; wantonly ; in dissipation 
or debauchery ; without restraint. 

DIS'SO-LUTE-NESS, n. Looseness of manners and mor- 
als ; vicious indulgences in pleasure, as in intemperance 
and debauchery ; dissipation. 

DIS-SO-LuTION, n. [L. dissolutio.] 1. The act of liquefy- 
ing or changing from a solid to a fluid state by heat ; a 
melting ; a thawing. 2. The reduction of a body into its 
smallest parts, or into very minute parts, by a dissolvent 
or menstruum. 3. The separation of the parts of a body 
by putrefaction, or the analysis of the natural structure of 
mixed bodies, as of animal or vegetable substances ; de- 
composition. 4. The substance formed by dissolving a 
body in a menstruum. — Bacon. [Solution is now used.] 

5. Death ; the separation of the soul and body.— Milton. 

6. Destruction ; the separation of the parts which com- 
pose a connected system or body. 7. The breaking up of 
an assembly, or the putting an end to its existence. 8. 
Looseness of manners ; dissipation. [Dissoluteness is now 
used.] — 9. Dissolution of the blood, in medicine, that state 
of the blood in which it does not readily coagulate, on its 
cooling out of the body, as in malignant fevers. 

DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That may be dissolved ; capable of 
being melted ; that may be converted into a fluid. 

DIS-SOLV'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being dissolvable. 

PIS-SOLVE' (diz-zolvO, v. U [L. dissolvo.] 1. To melt; to 
liquefy ; to convert from a solid or fixed state to a fluid 
state by means of heat or moisture. 2. To disunite ; to 
break ; to separate. 3. To loose ; to disunite. 4. To 



loose the ties or bonds of any thing ; to destroy any cou- 
nected system. 5. To loose ; to break. 6. To break up ; 
to cause to separate ; to put an end to ; as, to dissolve the 
meeting. 7. To clear ; to solve ; to remove ; to dissipate, 
or to explain. 8. To break ; to destroy ; as, to dissotoe a 
charm. 9. To loosen or relax ; to make languid. 10. To 
waste away ; to consume ; to cause to vanish or perish. 
11. To annul ; to rescind ; as, to dissolve an injunction in 
chancery. 

DIS-SOLVE', v. i. 1. To be melted to be converted from 
a solid to a fluid state. 2. To sink away ; to lose strength 
and firmness. 3. To melt away in pleasure ; to become 
soft or languid. 4. To fall asunder ; to crumble ; to be 
broken. 5. To waste away ; to perish ; to be decom- 
posed. 6. To come to an end by a separation of parts. 

DIS-SOLV-ED' (diz-zolvd'), pp. or a. Melted ; liquefied ; 
disunited ; parted ; loosed ; relaxed ; wasted away ; ended. 
— Dissolved blood is that which does not readily coagulate. 

DIS-SOLV'ENT, a. Having power to melt or dissolve. 

DIS-SOLV'ENT, n. 1. Any thing which has the power or 
quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into a 
fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that 
they mix with a liquid. 2. In medicine, a remedy sup- 
posed capable of dissolving concretions in a body, such as 
calculi, tubercles, &c. 

DIS-SOLV'ER (diz-zolv'er), n. That which dissolves, or has 
the power of dissolving. 

DIS-SOLV'I-BLE, a. Liable to perish by dissolution. 

DIS-SOLV'ING, ppr. Melting ; making or becoming liquid. 

DIS'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr. dissonance.] 1. Discord ; a mix- 
ture or union of harsh, unharmonious sounds, which are 
grating or unpleasing to the ear. 2. Disagreement. 

DIS'SO-NANT, a. 1. Discordant; harsh; jarring; unhar- 
monious ; unpleasant to the ear. 2. Disagreeing ; incon- 
gruous : usually with from. 

DIS-SUIDE' (dis-swade'), v. t. [L. dissuadeo.] 1. To advise 
or exhort against ; to attempt to draw or divert from a 
measure, by reason or offering motives to. 2. To repre- 
sent as unfit, improper, or dangerous. 

DIS-SUaD'ED, pp. Advised against ; counseled or induced 
by advice not to do something ; diverted from a purpose. 

DIS-SUaD'ER, n. He who dissuades ; a dehorter. 

DIS-SUaDING, ppr. Exhorting against ; attempting, by ad- 
vice, to divert from a purpose. 

DIS-SUa'SION (dis-swa'zhun), n. Advice or exhortation in 
opposition to something ; dehortation. 

DIS-SUa'SIVE, a. Tending to dissuade, or divert from a 
measure or purpose ; dehortatory. 

DIS-SUa'SiVE, n. Reason, argument, or counsel, employ- 
ed to deter one from a measure or purpose ; that which 
is used or which tends to divert the mind from any pup 
pose or pursuit. 

DIS-SUa'SiVE-LY. adv. In a way to dissuade. 

DIS-SUN'DER, v. t. To separate ; to rend.— Chapman 

DIS-SUN'DERED, pp. Separated ; rent. 

DIS-SUNTJER-ING, ppr. Separating; rending. 

f DIS-SWEET'EN, v. t. To deprive of sweetness. 

DIS-SYL-LAB'IC, a. Consisting of two syllables only. 

* DIS-SYLLvA-BLE or DIS'SYL-LA-BLE, n. [Gr. hoovXla- 
g.?.] A word consisting of two syllables only. 

DIS'TAFF, n. [Sax. distaf] 1. The staff of a spinning- 
wheel, to which a bunch of flax is tied, and from which 
the thread is drawn. — 2. Figuratively, a woman, or the fe- 
male sex. — Dryden. 

DIS'TAFF-THIS'TLE (-this!), n. A popular name of cer- 
tain plants whose stems are used in Southern Europe for 
distaffs. 

DIS-TaIN', v. t. [Fr. deteindre.] 1. To stain ; to tinge with 
any different color from the natural or proper one ; to dis- 
color. 2. To blot ; to sully ; to defile ; to tarnish. 

DIS-TaINED' (dis-tand'), pp. Stained ; tinged ; discolored ; 
blotted ; sullied. 

DIS-TaINTNG, ppr. Staining ; discoloring ; blotting ; tar- 
nishing. 

DISTANCE, n. [Fr. distance.] 1. An interval or space be- 
tween two objects. 2. Preceded by at or in, remoteness 
of place ; as, to see things at a distance, or in the distance. 
3. Preceded by thy, his, your, her, their, a suitable space, or 
such remoteness as is common or becoming ; as, let him 
keep his distance. 4. A space marked on the course where 
horses run. 5. Space of time ; any indefinite length of 
time, past or future, intervening between two periods or 
events. 6. Ideal space or separation. 7. Contrariety ; op- 
position. 8. The remoteness which respect requires ; 
hence, respect. 9. Reserve; coldness; alienation of heart. 
10. Remoteness in succession or relation. — 11. In music, 
the interval between two notes. 

DISTANCE, v. t. 1. To place remote ; to throw off from 
the view. 2. To leave behind in a race ; to win the race 
by a great superiority. 3. To leave at a great distance 
behind. 

DISTANCED (dis'tanst), pp. Left far behind . oast out of 
the race. , 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



DIS 



314 



DIS 



DISTANC-ING (dis'tans-ing), ppr. Leaving far behind. 
DISTANT, a. [L. distans.] 1. Separate ; having an inter- 
vening space of any indefinite extent. 2. Remote in place. 

3. Remote in time, past or future. 4. Remote in the 
line of succession or descent, indefinitely. 5. Remote in. 
natural connection or consanguinity ; as, a distant rela- 
tive. 6. Remote in nature ; not allied ; not agreeing with 
or in conformity to. 7. Remote in view ; not very likely 
to be realized. 8. Remote in connection ; not easily seen 
or understood. 9. Reserved ; implying haughtiness ; cold- 
ness of aftection, indhference, or disrespect. — Syn. Sepa- 
rate ; far ; slight ; faint ; indirect ; indistinct ; shy ; cool. 

DIS'TANT-LY, adv. Remotely ; at a distance ; with re- 
serve. 

DIS-TaSTE', n. 1. Literally, aversion of the taste; dislike 
of food or drink, in a greater or less degree. 2. Figura- 
tively, aversion of mind; alienation of aftection. — Syn. Dis- 
relish ; disinclination ; dislike ; displeasure ; dissatisfac- 
tion ; disgust. 

DIS-TaSTE', v. t. 1. To disrelish ; to dislike ; to loathe. 2. 
To offend; to disgust; [little tised.] 3. To vex; to dis- 
please ; to sour ; [little used.] 

DISTaST'LD, pp. Disrelished; disliked; offended. 

DISTaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Unpleasant or disgusting to the 
taste. 2. Causing disgust ; proceeding from, or attended 
with, disgust or opposition. — Syn. Nauseous ; offensive ; 
displeasing ; dissatisfactory. 

D1STaSTE'FUL-LY, adv. In a distasteful manner. 

DIS-TaSTE'FUL-NESS, n. Disagreeableness ; dislike. 

DIS-TaST'ING, ppr. Disrelishing ; disliking ; offending ; 
displeasing. 

DIS-TaST'iVE, n. That which gives disrelish or aversion. 
— Whitlock. 

DIS-TEM'PER, n. 1. Literally, an undue or unnatural tem- 
per, or disproportionate mixture of parts. 2. Any morbid 
state of an animal body, or of any part of it. 3. Want of 
due temperature. — Raleigh ; [applied to climate ; not used.] 

4. Bad constitution of the mind ; undue predominance ot 
a passion or appetite. 5. Want of due balance of parts 
or opposite qualities and principles. — Bacon; [not used.] 

6. Ill-humor of mind ; depravity of inclination ; [not used.] 

7. Political disorder ; tumult. — Waller. . 8. Uneasiness ; 
ill-humor, or bad temper. — 9. In painting, the mixing of 
colors with something besides oil and water, as with size 
and water, whites of eggs, &c. — Syn. Kisorder ; disease ; 
sickness ; malady ; indisposition. 

DIS-TEM'PER, v. t. 1. To disease ; to disorder ; to derange 
the functions of the body or mind. 2. To disturb ; to ruf- 
fle. 3. To deprive of temper or moderation. 4. To make 
disaffected, ill-humored, or malignant. — Shah. 

mS-TEM'PER-ANCE, n, Distemperature. 

DIS-TEM'PER-ATE. a. Immoderate. [Little used.] 

DIS-TEMTER-A-TURE, n. 1. Bad temperature; intem- 
perateness ; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities ; 
a noxious state. 2. Violent tumultuousness ; outrageous- 
ness. 3. Perturbation of mind. 4. Confusion ; commix- 
ture of contrarieties ; loss of regularity; disorder. 5. Slight 
illness ; indisposition. 

DISTEM'PEKED, pp. or a. 1. Diseased in body, or disor- 
dered in mind. 2. Disturbed; ruffled. 3. Deprived of 
temper or moderation ; immoderate. 4. Disordered ; bi- 
ased ; prejudiced ; perverted. 5. Disaffected ; made ma- 
levolent 

DISTEMTERTNG, ppr. Affecting with disease or disorder ; 
disturbing ; depriving of moderation. 

DIS-TEND', v. t. [L. distendo.] 1. To stretch or spread in 
all directions ; to spread apart or abroad. — Syn. To dilate ; 
expand ; enlarge ; swell. 

DIS-TEND'ED, pp. or a. Spread ; expanded ; dilated by an 
inclosed substance or force. 

DIS-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching in all directions ; dilating ; 
expanding. 

DIS-TEN-SI-BIL1-TY, n. The quality or capacity of being 
distensible. 

DIS-TEN'SI-BLE, a. Capable of being distended or dilated. 

DIS-TEN'SION, n. The act of stretching. See Distention. 

t DIS-TENT', a. Spread..— Spenser. 

t DIS-TENT', n. Breadth.— Wotton. 

DIS-TEN'TION (dis-ten'shun), n. [L. distentio.] 1. The act 
of distending ; the act of stretching in breadth or in all di- 
rections , the state of being distended. 2. Breadth; extent 
or space ccoupied by the thing distended. 3. An opening, 
spteading, or divarication. 

T DIS-TER', v. t. [ L. dis and terra.] To banish from a country. 

f DIS-TERM'IN-ATE, a. [L. disterminatus.] Separated by 
buunds. — Hale. 

t DIS-TERM-IN-A'TION, n. Separation.— Hammond. 

DISTHENE, n. [Gr. t, s and adzvos.] A name of kyanite. 

t DIS-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone. 

t DISTlIRON'lZE, v. t. To dethrone.— Spenser. 

DISTICH (dis'tik), n. [L. distichon.] A couplet ; a couple 
of verses or poetic lines, making complete sense ; an epi- 
gram of two verses. 



DISTICH-OUS, \a. Having two rows, or disposed in tw-, 

DISTICH, 5 rows.— Lee. 

DISTILL', v. i. [L. distillo.] 1. To drop; to fall in drops. 
2. To flow gently, or in a small stream. 3. To use a still ; 
to practice distillation. 

DISTILL', v. t. 1. To let fall in drops ; to throw down in 
drops. 2. To extract by heat ; to separate spirit or essen- 
tial oils from liquor, by heat or evaporation. 3. To extract 
spirit from, by evaporation and condensation ; as, to distiU 
grain. 4. To extract the pure part of a fluid. 5. To dis- 
solve or melt ; [unusual.] 

DIS-TILL'A-BLE, a. That may be distilled ; fit for distillation. 

DISTILL-A'TION, n. 1. The act of falling in drops, or the 
act of pouring or throwing down in drops. 2. The oper- 
ation of extracting spirit from a substance by evaporation 
and condensation ; "rectification. 3. The substance ex- 
tracted by distilling. — Shalt. 4. That which falls in drops.— 
Dry distillation is a term applied to the distillation of sub- 
stances per se, or without the addition of water. — Destruc- 
tive distillation is the distillation of substances at very high 
temperatures, so that the ultimate elements are separated 
or evolved in new combinations. 

DISTILL'A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to distillation ; used for 
distilling. 

DISTILLED', pp. or a. Let fall or thrown down in drops ; 
subjected to the process of distillation ; extracted by evap- 
oration. 

DISTILL'ER, n. One who distills ; one whose occupation 
is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation. 

DISTILL'ER-Y n. The building and works where distill- 
ing is carried on. 

DISTILLING, ppr. Dropping; letting fall in drops ; ex- 
tracting by distillation. 

DISTILLING, n. The act or process ol extracting spirit 
by distillation. 

DISTILL'MENT, n. That which distills or drops. 

DISTINCT, a. [L. dislinctus.] 1. Literally, having the dif- 
ference marked ; separated by a visible sign, or by a note 
or mark. 2. Not the same in number or kind; as, distinct 
duties. 3. Separate in place ; not conjunct. 4. So sepa- 
rated as not to be confounded with any other thing ; not 
confused ; as, distinct articulation. 5. Marked ; varie- 
gated ; as, distinct with eyes. Milton. — Syn. Separate ; 
different ; clear ; plain ;. obvious. 

DISTINCT, v. t. To distinguish.— Chaucer. [Not in use.] 

DISTINCTION, n. [L. distinctio.] 1. The act of separating 
or distinguishing. 2. A note or mark of difference ; [sel- 
dom used.] 3. Difference made ; a separation or disagree- 
ment in kind or qualities, by which one thing is known 
from another. 4. Difference regarded ; separation ; as, all 
without distinction, went. 5. Separation ; division ; as, the 
distinction of tragedy into acts. — Dryden. 6. Notation of 
difference. 7. Elevation of rank in society, or elevation 
of character ; honorable estimation. 8. That which con- 
fers eminence or superiority ; office, rank, or public favor. 
9. Discernment; judgment. Johnson. — Syn. Discrimina- 
tion; preference; superiority; rank; note; eminence. 

DISTINCTIVE, a. 1. That marks distinction or differ- 
ence. 2. Having the power to distinguish and discern. — 
Brovm ; [less proper.] 

DISTINCT! VE-LY, adv. With distinction ; plainly. 

DISTINCT! VE-NESS, n. State of being distinctive. 

DISTINCTLY, adv. 1. With distinctness ; not confusedly ; 
without the blending of one part or thing with another ; 
as, distinctly marked. Hence, 2. With clearness or plain- 
ness ; as, distinctly seen. — Syn. Clearly ; plainly ; obvi- 
ously; separately. 

DISTINCTNESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being dis- 
tinct ; a separation or difference that prevents confusion 
of parts or things. 2. Nice discrimination in marking or 
observing differences. — Syn. Plainness; clearness; pre- 
cision. 

DISTINGUISH (dis-ting'gwish), v. t. [L. distinguo.] 1. To 
ascertain and indicate difference by some external mark. 

2. To separate one thing from another by some mark or 
quality ; to know or ascertain difference, as by the senses 

3. To separate or divide by any mark or quality which 
constitutes difference. 4. To discern critically ; to judge. 
5. To separate from others by some mark of honor or 
preference. 6. To make eminent or known ; as, to distin- 
guish one's self. — Syn. To mark , discriminate ; discern 
perceive ; signalize ; honor. 

DISTINGUISH (dis-ting'gwish), v. i. To make a distinc' 
tion ; to find or show the difference. 

DISTIN"GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being distin 
guished ; that may be separated, known, or made known 
2. Worthy of note or special regard. 

DISTINGUISHED (dis ting'gwisht), pp. 1. Separated o 
known by a mark of difference, or by different qualities 
2. a. Separated from others by being superior or extra 
ordinary in some respect. — Syn. Marked ; noted ; fa 
mous; conspicuous; celebrated; transcendent; eminent 
illustrious. 



Su Synopsis A E, I, &c, long.— a e I, &c, short— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



IIS 



315 



DIS 



l)!3-TLN"GUISH-ER, n. 1. He or that which distinguishes, 
or that separates one thing from another by marks of di- 
versity. 2. One who discerns accurately the difference 
of things ; a nice or judicious observer. 

DISTINGUISHING, ppr. 1. Separating from others by a 
note of diversity ; ascertaining difference by a mark. 2. 
Ascertaining, knowing, or perceiving a difference. 3. a. 
Constituting difference, or distinction from every thing 
else ; peculiar. 

DISTINGUISHED G-LY, adv. With distinction ; v; ith some 
mark of preference. — Pope. 

DI3TIN"GUISHMENT (dis-ting'gwish-ment), n. Distinc- 
tion ; observation of difference. — G-raunt. 

DIS-TTTLE, v. t. To deprive of right— Ben Jonson. 

DIS-TlTL.E'D, pp. Deprived of right 

DIS-TTTL1NG. ppr. Depriving of risht. 

DISTORT, v. r. [L. distortus.] 1. To turn out of natural 
or regular shape. 2. To force or put out of the true pos- 
ture or direction. 3. To turn aside from the true mean- 
ing. — Syx. To twist; wrest; deform; pervert; bend. 

DIS-TORT, a. Distorted.— Spenser. 

DISTORTED, pp. or a. Twisted out of natural or regular 
shape ; wrested ; perverted. 

DISTORTING, ppr. Twisting out of shape ; wresting ; 
perverting. 

DISTORTION, 72. [L. distortio.] 1. The act of distorting 
or wresting ; a twisting out of regular shape ; a twisting 
or writhing motion. 2. The state of being twisted out of 
shape ; deviation from natural shape or position ; crook- 
edness ; grimace. 3. A perversion of the true meaning 
of words. 

DIS-TRA€T, v. t. [L. distractus. The old participle dis- 
traught is obsolete.] 1. Literally, to draw apart; to pull 
in different directions. Hence, to cause a division ; to 
throw into confusion. 2. To turn or draw from any ob- 
ject ; to divert from any point, toward another point, or 
toward various other objects. 3. To draw toward differ- 
ent objects ; to fill with different considerations ; to per- 
plex ; to confound ; to harass. 4. To disorder the reason ; 
to derange the regular operations of intellect ; to render 
raving or furious. 

t DISTRACT, a. Mad. 

D1S-TRA€TED, pp. 1. Drawn apart ; drawn in different 
directions ; diverted from its object. 2. a. Disordered in 
intellect. Locke. — Syn. Perplexed; confused; disturbed; 
harassed ; confounded ; deranged ; mad ; frantic ; furious ; 
ravins. 

DISTRACTED-LY, adv. Madly; furiously: wildly— Shah. 

DISTRACTED-NESS, n. A state of being mad ; madness. 

DlSTRACTER n. One who distracts.— More. 

DISTRACTING, ppr. or a. Drawing apart ; separating ; 
diverting from an object ; perplexing ; harassing ; disor- 
dering the intellect. 

DISTRACTION, n. [L. distractio.] 1. The act of distract- 
ing; a drawing apart; separation. 2. Confusion from a 
multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind and calling 
the attention different ways ; perturbation of mind. 3. 
Confusion of affairs. 4. A state of disordered reason ; 
violent insanity. 5. Folly in the extreme, or amounting 
to insanity. — Syn. Perplexity ; disturbance ; disorder ; 
distention ; tumult ; derangement ; madness ; raving ; 
franticness : furiousness. 

DISTRACTlVE, a. Causing perplexity.— Dryden. 

DISTRaLN', v. t. [L. distringo.] 1. To seize for debt ; to 
take a personal chattel from the possession of a wrong- 
doer into the possession of the injured party, to satisfy a 
demand or compel the performance of a duty. 2. To 
rend ; to tear ; {obsolete.] 

DISTRaIN', v. i. To make seizure of goods. 

DISTRaLNA-BLE, a. That is liable to be taken for dis- 
tress. _ 

DISTRaIN.ED' (dis-trand'), pp. Seized for debt, or to com- 
pel the performance of duty. 

DISTRAINING, ppr. Seizing for debt, or for neglect of 
suit and service. 

DISTRAINOR, n. He who seizes goods for debt or service. 

\ DISTRIINT, n. Seizure.^Dw*. 

t DISTRAUGHT (dis-traw^. See Distract. 

DISTReAM', v. i. To spread or flow over. 

DIS-TRESS', n. [Ft. duresse.] 1. The act of distraining ; 
the taking of any personal chattel from a wrong-doer, to 
answer a demand, or procure satisfaction for a wrong 
committed. 2. The thing taken by distraining ; that which 
is seized to procure satisfaction. 3. Extreme pain ; an- 
guish of body or mind. 4. General affliction, as of a na- 
tion. 5. A state of danger or destitution ; as, a vessel in 
distress.— Syn. Suffering; pain; agony; misery; calami- 
ty; misfortune; adversity. 

DIS-TRESS', v. t. 1. To afflict with pain or anguish. 2. To 
afflict greatly ; to oppress with calamity ; to make miser- 
able. 3. To compel by pain or suffering. — Syn. To pain ; 
grieve ; harass : trouble : perplex. 
DISTRESSED' (dis-tresf), PP- or a. Suffering great pain 



or torture ; severely afflicted ; harassed ; oppressed with 
calamity or misfortune. 

DISTRESS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being greatly pained. 

DISTRESSFUL, a. 1. Inflicting or bringing distress. 2. 
Indicating distress : proceeding from pain or anguish. 3. 
Calamitous. 4. Attended with poverty. 

DIS-TRESSTUL-LY, adv. In a painful manner. 

DISTRESSING, ppr. 1. Giving severe pain ; oppressing 
with affliction. 2. a. Very afflicting ; affecting with severe 
pain. 

DISTRIB'UTA-BLE, a. That may be distributed ; that 
may be assigned in portions.— Ramsay. 

DISTRIBUTE, v. t. [L. distribuo.) 1. To divide among 
two or more ; to give or bestow in parts or portions. 2. 
To administer, as justice. 3. To divide or separate, as 
into classes, orders, kinds, or species. 4. To give in 
charity.— 5. In printing, to separate types, and place them 
in their proper cells in the cases.-jSyx. To disperse ; 
deal out ; apportion ; allot ; share ; assign. 

DISTRIBUTED, pp. Divided among a number ; dealt 
out; assigned in portions; separated; bestowed. 

DISTRIBUTER, n. One who divides or deals out in 
parts ; one who bestows in portions ; a dispenser. 

DISTRIBUTING, ppr. Dividing among a number ; deal- 
ing out : dispensing. 

DIS-TRI-BuTlON, n. [L. distributio.} 1. The act of divid- 
ing among a number ; a dealing in parts or portions. 2. 
The act of giving in charity ; a bestowing in parts. 3. Ad 
ministration to numbers; a rendering to individuals. 4. 
The act of separating into distinct parts or classes. — 5. In 
architecture, the dividing and disposing of the several parts 
of the building, according to some plan, or to the rules of 
the art. — 6. In rhetoric, a division and enumeration of the 
several qualities of a subject. — 7. In general, the division 
and disposition of the parts of any thing. — 8. In printing, 
the taking a form apart ; the separating of the types, and 
placing each letter in its proper cell in the cases. — Syn. 
Apportionment; allotment; dispensation; disposal. 

DISTRIBUTIVE, a. 1. That distributes ; that divides and 
assigns in portions ; that deals to each his proper share ; 
as, distributive justice. 2. That assigns the various species 
of a general term. 3. That separates or divides ; as, dis 
tributive adjective. 

DISTRIBUTIVE, n. In grammar, a word that divides or 
distributes : as, each, every, either. 

DISTRIBTJ-TIVE-LY, adv. By distribution; singly; not 
collectively. 

DISTRIBTJTIVE-NES3, n. Desire of distributing. [Rare.] 

DISTRICT, n. [L. districtus.] 1. Properly, a limited extent 
of country ; a circuit within which power, right, or au- 
thority may be exercised, and to which it is restrained. 
2. A territory within given lines. 3. A portion of territory 
without very definite limits ; as. large districts remain un- 
cultivated. — Syn. Division; quarter; province; tract'; re- 
gion ; country. 

DISTRICT, v. t. To divide into districts or limited portions 
of territory. [ Un ited States.] 

DISTRICT-CoURT, n. A court which has cognizance of 
certain causes within a district defined by law 

DISTRICT-JUDGE, n. The judge of a district-court. [Unit- 
ed States.] 

DISTRICT-SCHOOL, n. A school within a certain district 
of a town. [New England, 6fc] 

DISTRICTED, pp. Divided into districts or definite por- 
tions. 

DISTRICTING, ppr. Divided into limited or definite por- 
tions. 

DIS-TRICTION, n. Sudden display. [Unusual] 

DIS-TRIN"GAS, n. [L.] In law, a writ commanding the 
sheriff to distrain a person for debt, or for his appearance 
at a certain day. 

DISTRUST, v. t. 1. To doubt or suspect the truth, fidelity, 
firmness, or sincerity of; not to confide in or rely on. 2. 
To doubt: to suspect not to be real, true, sincere, or firm. 

DISTRUST, n. 1. Doubt or suspicion of reality or sincer- 
ity ; want of confidence, faith, or reliance. 2. Discredit , 
loss of confidence on the part of others. 

DISTRUSTED, pp. Doubted ; suspected. 

DISTRUSTER. n. A person who distrusts. 

DISTRUSTFUL, a. 1. Apt to distrust ; suspicious. 2. Nut 
confident: diffident. 3. Diffident; modest 

DIS-TRUSTFUL-LY, adv. In a distrustful manner. 

DI5TRUSTFUL-NES3, n. The state of being distrustful ; 
want of confidence. 

DISTRUSTING, ppr. Doubting the reality or sincerity of;' 
suspecting : not relying on or confiding in. 

DIS-TRUST1NG-LY, adv. In a distrustful manner. 

DIS-TRUSTLESS, a. Free from distrust or suspicion. 

t DISTUNE', v. t. To put out of tune. — Wotton. 

DISTURB', v. t. [Sp. disturbar; L. disturbo.] 1. To excite 
from a state of rest or tranquillity. 2. To excite uneasi- ' 
ness or j slight degree of anger in the mind ; to move the 
passions: 3. To move from any regular course or opera- 



DC VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOU3.— G as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DIT 



316 



DIV 



tion ; to interrupt regular order ; to make irregidar 4. To 
be a hinderance to ; as, care disturbs study. 5. To turn 
off from any direction : with from ; [unusual.] — Syn. To 
disorder ; disquiet ; agitate ; discompose ; molest ; perplex ; 
trouble ; incommode ; hinder ; ruffle ; stir ; move. 

f-DIS-TURB', 7i. Confusion; disorder. — Milton. 

PIS-TURB'ANCE, n. 1. A stirring or excitement; any dis- 
quiet or interruption of peace. 2. Interruption of a settled 
state of things. 3. Emotion of the mind ; excitement of 
passion. 4. Disorder of thoughts. — 5. In law, the hinder- 
ing or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable 
enjoyment of his right ; the interruption of a right. — Syn. 
Tumult; brawl; disorder; derangement; agitation; con- 
fusion; commotion; perturbation. 

DIS-TURB.ED' (dis-turbd'), pp. or a. Stirred ; moved ; ex- 
cited ; discomposed ; disquieted ; agitated ; uneasy. — In 
geology, thrown out by violence from some original place 
or position ; as, disturbed strata. 

DIS-TURB'ER, n. r. One who disturbs or disquiets ; a vio- 
lator of peace. 2. He or that which excites passion or agi- 
tation ; he or that which causes perturbation. — 3. In law, 
one that interrupts or incommodes another in the peace- 
able enjoyment of his right 

DIS-TURB'ING, ppr. or a. Moving ; exciting ; rendering 
uneasy ; making a tumult ; interrupting peace ; incom- 
moding the quiet enjoyment of. 

f DIS-TURN', v. t. To turn aside.— Daniel. 

Dl-SUL'PHU-RET, n. [Gr. 6i $, and sulphuret.] In chemistry, 
a sulphuret containing two equivalents of the sulphur to 
one of the base. 

t DIS-tTNI-FORM, a. Not uniform.— Coventry. 

DIS-UN'ION, n. Separation ; disjunction ; or a state of not 
being united. It sometimes denotes a breach of concord, 
and its effect, contention. 

DIS-tTN'ION-IST, n. An advocate of disunion. 

DIS-U-NlTE', v. t. To separate ; to disjoin ; to part. 

DIS-U-NiTE', v. i. To part; to fall asunder; to become 
separate. 

DIS-U-NlTED, pp. or a. Separated ; disjoined. 

DIS-tJ-NlT'ER, n. He or that which disjoins. 

DIS-U-NiT'ING, ppr. Separating ; parting. 

DIS-U'NI-TY, n. A state of separation.— More. 

DIS-U'SAgE, n. Gradual cessation of use or custom ; neg- 
lect of use, exercise, or practice. 

DIS-USE', n. 1. Cessation of use, practice, or exercise. 2. 
Cessation of custom ; desuetude. 

DIS-USE', v. t. 1. To cease to use ; to neglect or omit to 
practice. 2. To disaccustom. 

DIS-USi?D' (dis-yuzd'), pp. or a. 1. No longer used ; obso- 
lete, as words, &c. 2. Disaccustomed. 

DIS-US'ING (dis-yuz'ing), ppr. Ceasing to use; disaccus- 
toming. 

DIS-VAL-U-I'TION, n. Disesteem ; disreputation. 

DIS-VAL/UE (-varyu), v. t. To undervalue ; to disesteem. 

DIS-VAL'UE, n. Disesteem ; disregard. — Ben Jonson. 

DIS- VOUCH', v. t. To discredit ; to contradict. 

f DIS-WARN', v. t. [dis and warn.] To dissuade from by pre- 
vious warning. 

DIS-WITTED, a. Deprived of wits or understanding. 

DIS-W6NT, v. t. To wean ; to depiive of wonted usage. 

DIS- WORSHIP, n. Cause of disgrace.— Barret. 

t DIT, n. A ditty.— Spenser. 

t DIT, v. t. [Sax. dyttan.] To close up. — More. 

f Dl-TA'TION, n. [L. ditatus.] The act of making rich. 

DITCH, n. [Sax. die; D. dyk.] 1. A trench in the earth 
made by digging. 2. Any long, hollow receptacle of 
water. 

DITCH, v. i. To dig or make a ditch or ditches. 

DITCH, v. t. 1. To dig a ditch or ditches in ; to drain by a 
ditch. 2. To surround with a ditch. 

DITCH'-DE-LIV'ER£D, a. Brought forth in a ditch.— Shak. 

DITCH'ER, n. One who digs ditches. 

DITCHING, ppr. Digging ditches ; also, draining by a ditch 
jjr ditches. 

Di-TET-RA-HeT)RAL, a. In crystallography, having the 
form of a tetrahedral prism with dihedral summits. 

Dl'THE-ISM, n. The doctrine of those who maintain the 
jexistence of two gods. — Rich. Diet. 

Dl-THE-IST'I€, ( „ Pertainin „ t0 ditheism.— Rich. Diet. 



Dl-THE-ISTIC-AL, 

DITH'Y-RAMB, 

DITH-Y-RAM'BUS, 

poetic fire. 
DITH-Y-RAM'BIC, 



. [Gr. Sidvpa/jfios-] In ancient poetry, 
a hymn in honor of Bacchus, full of 



1. A song in honor of Bacchus, in 
which the wildness of intoxication is imitated. 2. Any 
poem written in wild, enthusiastic strains. 

DITH-Y-RAM'BI€, a. Wild ; enthusiastic— Cowley. 

Df'TION (dish'un), n. [L. ditio.] Rule; power; govern- 
ment ; dominion. — Evelyn. 

DlToNE, n. [Gr. 6n and tovos.] In music, an interval com- 
prehending two tones. 

DI-TRIG'LYPH, n. [Gr. <5, s , T peis, and yAu^w.] In architect, 
ure, an arrangement of intercolumniations in the Doric 



order, by which two triglyphs are obtained in the frieze 
between the triglyphs that stand over the columns. 

Dl-TRo'€HEE, n. In prosody, a foot, consisting of two 
trochees. 

DIT-TAN'DER, n. Pepper-wort, a species of lepidium. 

DITTA-NY, n. [L. dictamnus.] An aromatic plant, the while 
or red dittany, whose leaves are covered with a white down. 

DITTI.ED (dfr/tid), a. Sung ; adapted to music— Milton. 

DITTO, contracted into do, in books of accounts, is the 
Italian detto, from L. dictum, dictus, said. It denotes said, 
aforesaid, or the same thing ; an abbreviation used to savo 
repetition. 

DITTY, n. A song ; a sonnet ; or a little poem to be sung. 

DITTY^. i. To sing ; to warble a little tune. — Herbert. 

Di-U-Re'SIS, n. [Gr.] Excretion of urine. 

Dl-U-RET'IG, a. [Gr. StovprjTtKos.] Having the power to 
provoke urine ; tending to produce discharges of urine 

Dl-U-RETIC, n. A medicine that provokes urine. 

Dl-URN'AL, n. [L. diurnus.] 1. Relating to a day ; pertain 
ing to the daytime. 2. Daily ; happening every day ; per- 
formed in a day. 3. Performed in 24 hours.— 4. In medi- 
cine, an epithet of diseases whose exacerbations are in the 
playtime ; quotidian. 

Dl-URN'AL, n. 1. A day-book ; -a journal [See Journal.] 
2. A book containing those canonical hours of the Romai 
Catholic breviary which are to be said during the day. — 
Brande. 

t Dl-URNAL-IST, n. A journalist.— Hall. 

Dl-URNAL-LY, adv. Daily ; every day. 

Dl-U-TURN'AL, a. Lasting; being of long continuance. 

Di-U-TURN'I-TY, n. [L. diuturnitas.] Length of time ; long 
duration. — Brown. 

t Di-VA-Ga'TION, n. [L. divagor.] A going astray. 

DI-VAN', n. [Ar., Pers. diwan.] 1. Among the Turks and 
other Orientals, a council of state ; the great council of the 
Turkish Empire. 2. An audience-chamber ; a saloon for 
receiving company ; and especially, a raised seat against 
the walls, furnished with cushions. Hence, in Europe, the 
term divan has been applied to a sofa. 3. Figuratively, 
any council met for consultation or debate. 

Dl-VAR'I-€ITE, v. i. [L. divaricatus.] To open; to fork , 
_to part into two branches. 

Di-VAR'I-€aTE, v. t. To divide into two branches. 

Di-VAR'I-€aTE, a. In botany, turning off from any thing, 
so as to form an obtuse angle above, and an acute angle 
below. 

Di-VAR'I-€a-TED, pp. Parted into two branches. 

Dl-VAR'I-€I-TING, ppr. Parting into two branches. 

Dl- VAR-I-€a'TION, n. 1. A parting ; a forking ; a separa- 
tion into two branches. 2. A crossing or intersection of 
fibres at different angles. 

DlVE, v. i. [Sax. dufan.] 1. To descend or plunge into 
water, as an animal head first ; to thrust the body int: wa- 
ter or other liquor, or, if already in water, to plunge deep- 
er. 2. To go deep into any subject. 3. To plunge into 
any business or condition, so as to be thoroughly engaged 
_in it. 4. To sink ; to penetrate. — Shak. 

DlVE, v. t. To explore by diving. — Denham. [Rare.] 

DI-VEL'LENT, a. [L. divellens.] Drawing asunder ; separa- 
ting. 

DI-VEL'LI-CaTE, v. t. To pull in pieces. 

DlV'ER, n. 1. One who dives ; one who plunges head first 
into water; one who sinks by effort. 2. One who goes 
deep into a subject, or enters deep into study. 3. The 
common name of certain swimming birds, as the loon, 
closely allied to the grebes ; so called from their diving. 

t Dl'VERB, n. A proverb.— Burton. 

Dl-VERB-ER-I'TION, n. [L. diverbero.] A sounding through. 

DI- VERGE' (de-verj'), v. i. [L. divergo.] To tend from one 
point and recede from each other ; to shoot ; extend, or 
proceed from a point in different directions, or not in par 
allel lines. 

DI-VERGE'MENT, n. Act of diverging. 

DI-VERG'ENCE, n. A receding from each other ; a going 
further apart. — Gregory. 

DI-VERG'ENT, a. Departing or receding from each other 
as fines which proceed from the same point. 

DI-VERG'ING, ppr. or a. Receding from each other, as they 
proceed. 

DI-VERG'ING-LY, adv. In a diverging manner. 

Dl'VERS, a. [Fr. divers ; L. diversus.] 1. Different ; vari- 
ous. [This is now generally written diverse.] 2. Several , 
jsundry ; more than one, but not a great number. 

Dl'VERS-CoL'OR-ED (-kullurd), a. Having various colors. 

. -—Shak. 

Dl'VERSE, a. [L. diversus.] 1. Different; differing. 2. 
Different from itself ; various ; multiform. 3. In different 
directions. 

t DI-VERSE' (de-vers^, v. i. To turn aside.— Spenser. 

DI-VERS-I-FI-€I'TION, n. 1. The act of changing forms 
or qualities, or of making various. 2. Variation ; variega- 
tion. 3. Variety of forms. 4. Change ; alteration. 

DI-VERS'I-Fl.£D (de-vers'e-fide), pp. 1. Made various in 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fcc, long.— a, e, I, &c, short —FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD;— MoVE, BOOK 



DIV 



317 



DIV 



form or qualities ; variegated ; altered. 2. a. Distinguish- 
ed by various forms, or bv a variety of objects. 

DI-YERSIFORM, a. [L. diversus and forma.] Of a differ- 
ent form : of various forms. — Diet. 

DI-YERS1-FY, v. t. [Fr. diversifier.] 1. To make different 
or various in form or qualities ; to give variety to ; to va- 
riegate. 2. To give diversity to ; to" distinguish by differ- 
ent" things. — 3. In oratory, to vary a subject, by enlarging 
in whathas been briefly stated by brief recapitulation, by 
adding new ideas, by transposing words or periods, Sec. 

DI-VERS'I-FY-EnG, ppr. Making various in form or quali- 
ties : giving varietv to ; variegating. 

DI-VER/SION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act" of turning aside from 
any course. 2. That which diverts ; that which turns or 
draws the mind from care, business, or study, and thus 
relaxes and amuses : whatever unbends the mind — 3. In 
war, the act of drawing the attention and force of an ene- 
my from the point where the principal attack is to be 
made. — Syn\ Amusement ; entertainment ; pastime ; sol- 
ace ; recreation ; sport ; game ; play. 

DI-VERS'I-TY, n. [L. diversitas.] 1. Difference; ^simili- 
tude; unlikeness. 2. Variety. 3. Distinct being, as op- 
posed to identity. 4. Variegation. 

Dl'VER3E-LY, adv. 1. Indifferent ways; differently; vari- 
ouslv. 2. In different directions ; to different points. 

DI-YERS-IL'O-QUENT, a. [L. diversus and eloquor.] Speak- 
ing in different ways. 

DI-VERT, r. t. [L. diverto.] 1. To turn off from any course, 
direction, or intended application; to turn aside. 2. To 
turn the mind from business or study ; hence, to give 
pleasure or amusement 3. To draw the forces of an ene- 
my to a different point. 4. To subvert. — Shak. ; [not in 
use.) — Sy>\ To please; gratify; amuse; entertain; ex- 
hilarate: delight. 

Dl-YERTED, pp. Turned aside; turned or drawn from 
any course, or from the usual or intended direction ; 
pleased: amused; entertained 

DI-VERTER, n. He or that which diverts, turns off, or 
pleases. 

t DI-YERTI-CLE (de-verte-kl), n. [L. diverticulum.] A turn- 
ing : a by-way. — Hale. 

DI-VERTTNG, ppr. 1. Turning off' from any course ; pleas- 
ing ; entertaining. 2. a. Pleasing ; amusing : entertaining. 

DI-VERTTN'G-LY, adv. In a diverting manner. 

* f DI-VERTISE, v. t. [Fr. divertir.] "To divert ; to please. 
— Dryden. 

DI-YERTISE-MENT, n. 1. Diversion; [little used.] 2. A 
short ballet or other entertainment, often introduced be- 
tween the acts of a longer piece, pronounced de-verfiz- 
mong. — Smart. 

DI-VERT1VE, a. Tending to divert ; amusing. 

DI-YEST, v. t. [Fr. devetir.] 4. To strip of clothes, arms, 
or equipage; opposed to invest. 2. To deprive. 3. To 
deprive or strip of any thing that covers, surrounds, or 
attends ; as, to divest one of his glory. 

DI-VE3TED, pp. Stripped : undressed : deprived. 

DI-YEST'I-BLE, a. That can be divested.— Boyle. 

DI- VESTING, ppr. Stripping ; putting off; depriving. 

DI-YEST I-TERE. ? n. The act of stripping, putting off. or 

DI-YEST'F/RE, > depriving.— Boule. 

DI-YIDA-BLE, a. 1. That may be divided. 2. Separate ; 
parted. — Shak. ; [not used.] 

f DI-YlD ANT, a. Different ; separate.— Sliak. 

DI-VTDE', v. t. [L. divido.] 1. To part or separate an entire 
thing; to part a thing into two or more pieces. 2. To 
cause to be separate j to keep apart by a partition, or by 
an imaginary line or limit. 3. To make partition of, among 
a number. 4. To open, or make a division in ; as, to di- 
vide the sea. 5. To disunite in opinion or interest; to 
make discordant. 6. To separate and bestow in parts or 
shares. 7. To make dividends ; to apportion the interest 
or profits of stock among proprietors. 8. To separate into 
two parts, for ascertaining opinions for and against a 
measure. — Syx. To sever; "sunder; cleave; deal out; dis- 
tribute: share. 

DI-\ IDE', r. ;'. 1. To part ; to open ; to cleave. 2. To 
break friendship. — Shak. 3. To vote by the division of a 
legislative house into two parts. — Gibbon. 

DI-VlD'ED. pp. or a. Parted : disunited : distributed. 

ni-YTD'ED-LY, adv. Sej>siate\y.—Knatchbull. 

DrVI-DEND, n. 1. A part or share: particularly, the share 
of the interest or profit of stock in trade or other employ- 
ment, which belongs to each proprietor according to his 
proportion of the stock or capital. 2. A part or share di- 
vided to creditors out of the estate of a bankrupt Brande. 
— 3. In arithmetic, the number to be divided into equal parts. 
DI-VfDER, n. 1. He or that whicb divides; that which 
separates into parts. 2. A distributor; one who deals 
out to each his share. 3. He or that which disunites. 
DI-YlD'ERS, n. pi. A kind of compasses. 
DI-YlDTNG,£pr. 1. Parting: separating; distributing: dis- 
uniting : apportioning to each his share. 2. a. That indi- 
cates separation or difference 



DI-YlDTNG. n. Separation. 

DI-YiDTNG-LY, adv. By division. 

DI-YTD'F-AL, a. [L. dividuus.] Divided shared, or partici 
pated in common with others. [Little used.] 

DI-YTD^-AL-LY. adv. Bv dividing. 

DIY-IN-A'TION. n. [L. di'vinatio.] L The act of divining . 
a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or 
obscure, by the aid of superior beings, or byother than 
human means. 2. Conjectural presage ; prediction. — Shak. 

DIYTN-A-TOR, n. One who pretends" to divination. 

DI-YINA-TO-RY, a. Professing divination. 

DI-YiNE', a. [L. divinus.] 1. Pertain in g to the true Goo. 
2. Pertaining to a heathen deity, or to false gods. 3. Par- 
taking of the nature of God. 4. Proceeding from God : 
as, divine judgments. 5. Excellent in the highest degree ; 
extraordinary ; apparently above what is human ; as, a 
divine intellect. 6. Presageful ; foreboding; prescient; 
[not used.] 7. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his 
praise. — Sv>\ Supernatural ; superhuman ; godlike ; heav- 
enly; holy; sacred. 

DI-YiNE', n. 1. A minister of the gospel; a priest: a cler- 
gyman. 2. A man skilled in divinity ; a theologian. 

DI-VINE', v. t. [L. divino.] 1. To know or declare before- 
hand; as, to divine one's downfall 2. To comprehend or 
conjecture ; as, to divine one's meaning. 3. To deify. — 
Spenser ; [not in use.] — Syn. To foretell ; predict ; pre- 
sage ; prognosticate ; guess. 

DI-VENE', v.i. 1. To use or practice divination. 2. To ut- 
ter presages or prognostications. 3. To have presages or 
forebodings. 4. To" guess or conjecture. 

DI-YINE'LY, adv. 1. In a divine or godlike manner ; in a 
manner resembling deity. 2. By the agency or influence 
of God. 3. Excellently; in the supreme degree. 

DI-YINE'NESS, n. 1. Divinity; participation" of the divine 
nature : [little used.] 2. Excellence in the supreme degree 

DI-YiNER, n. 1. One who professes divination; one "who 
pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by 
the aid of superior beings, or of supernatural means. 2 
One who guesses ; a conjecturer. 

DI-ViN'ER-ESS, n. A female diviner; a woman professing 
jlivination. — Dryden . 

DlYTNG. ppr. or a. 1. Plunging or sinking into water or 
other liquid: [applied to animals only.] 2. Going deep 
mto a subject 

DlYTNG-BELL, n. A hollow vessel, in form of a truncated 
cone or pyramid with the smaller base close, and the 
larger one open, in which a person may descend into deep 
water, and remain till the inclosed air ceases to be respir 
jLble. 

DlYTNG-SToNE, n. A species of jasper. 

DI-YEVI-FI.ED, a. Participating of the divine nature. 

DI-YiNTNG ROD, n. A rod commonly of hazel, with fork 
ed branches, used by those who pretend to discover wa 
ter or metals under ground. 

DI-YIN1-TY, n. [L. ditinitas.] 1. The state of being divine ; 
Deity: Godhead; the nature or essence of God. ~2. God, 
the Deity; the Supreme Being. 3. A false god; a pre- 
tended deity of pagans. 4. A celestial being, inferior to 
the Supreme God but superior to man. 5. Something 
supernatural. — Shak. 6. The science of divine things : the 
science which unfolds the character of God. bis laws, and 
moral government, the duties of man, and the way of sal 
vation ; theology. 

DI-VIS-I-BILI-TY, n. [Fr. divisibilite.] The quality of being 
divisible ; the property of bodies by which their parts or 
component particles are capable of separation 

DI-VIS1-BLE. a. [L. divisibilis,] Capable of division ; that 
may be separated or disunited. : separable. 

DI-VISI-BLE-NESS, n. Divisibility; capacity of being sep- 
arated 

DI-Vi'SION (de-vizh'un). n. [L. divisio.] 1. The act of di- 
viding or separating into parts any entire body. 2. The 
state of being divided. 3. That which divides or separates ; 
that which keeps apart 4. The part separated from the 
rest by a partition or fine, real or imaginary : as, the di- 
visions of a territory. 5. A separate body of men. 6. A 
part or distinct portion : as, the divisions of a book. 7. A 
part of an army or militia. 8. A part of a fleet, or a select 
number of ships under a commander, and distinguished 
by a particular flag or pendant 9. A state of opposition 
or contrariety. 10. Space between the notes of music, or 
the dividing of the tones. 11. Distinction. — Exod.. viii. 
12. The separation of voters in a legislative house. — 13. In 
arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any 
part assigned or the rule by which is found how many 
times one number or quantity is contained in another. — 
Svx. Compartment : section ; share ; separation : parti 
tion : difference ; variance ; discord ; disunion. 

DI-Vl'SION-AL, \a. Pertaining to division: noting or 
I DI-VI "SION-A-RY. 5 making division. 
i t DI-Vi'SION-ER, n. One who divides.— Sheldon. 
; T I-"V I'Sl VE, a. 1. Forming division or distribution. — Mede 
2. Creating division or discord — Burnet., 



"DOVE :— BULL. ENITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as ^; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



DO 



318 



DOC 



Dl-Vi'SOR, n. In arithmetic, th* number by which the divi- 
dend is divided. 

DI-VoRCE', n. [Fr. divorce.] 1. A legal dissolution of the 
bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and 
wife by a judicial sentence. 2. The separation of a mar- 
ried woman from the bed and board of her husband, called 
divorce a mensa et toro, but not authorizing re-marriage. 
3. Separation ; disunion of things closely united. 4. The 
sentence or writing by which marriage is dissolved. 5. 
The cause of any penal separation. — Shak. 

DI-V5E.CE', v. t. 1. To dissolve the marriage contract, and 
thus to separate husband and wife. 2. To separate, as a 
married woman from the bed and board of her husband. 
3. To separate or disunite things closely connected; to 
force asunder. 4. To take away ; to put away. 

DI-VoRCE'A-BLE. a. That can be divorced. 

DI-VoRC ED' (de-vorstf), pp. or a. Separated by a dissolu- 
tion of the marriage contract; separated from bed and 
board ; parted ; forced asunder. 

DI-VoRCE'LESS, a. Destitute of divorce ; that can not be 
divorced. 

DI-VoRCE'MENT, n. Divorce ; dissolution of the marriage 
tie._ 

DI-VoRC'ER, n. 1. The person or cause that produces di- 
vorce. 2. One of a sect called divorcers, said to have 
sprung from Milton. 

DI-VoRC'ING, ppr. Dissolving the marriage contract ; sep- 
arating from bed and board ; disuniting. 

DI-VoRC'iVE, a. Having power to divorce. — Milton. 

DI-Vo'TO, 7i. [It-] m music, directs to sing in a devout 
manner. 

DI-VUL'GATE, a. Published. [Little used.] 

DI-VUL-Ga'TION, n. The act of divulging or publishing. 

DI-VUL6E' (de-vulj'), v. t. [L. divulgo.] 1. To make public ; 
to tell or make known something before private or secret. 
2. To declare by a public act; to proclaim; [unusual.] — 
Syn. To publish ; disclose ; discover ; reveal ; communi- 
cate; impart. 

DI-VULGED' (de-vuljd'), pp. Made public; revealed; dis- 
closed ; published. 

DI-VULG'ER, n. One who divulges or reveals. 

DI-VULG'ING, ppr. Disclosing ; publishing ; revealing. 

DI-VUL'SION, n. [L. divulsio.] The act of pulling or pluck- 
ing away ; a rending asunder. 

DLVUL'SIVE, a. That pulls asunder ; that rends. 

D^Z'EN (diz'n), v. t. To dress gayly; to deck.— Swift. 
{ This word is nearly obsolete.] 

t DIZZ, v. t. To astonish ; to puzzle ; to make dizzy. 

t DIZ'ZARD, n. A blockhead. 

DIZ'ZIED (diz'zid), pp. Whirled round ; made dizzy. 

DIZ'ZI-NESS, n. Giddiness ; a whirling in the head ; vertigo. 

DIZ'ZY, a. [Sax. dysi, or dysig.] 1. Giddy ; having a sensa- 
tion of whirling in the head, with instability or proneness 
to fall ; vertiginous. 2. Causing giddiness. 3. Giddy ; 
thoughtless ; heedless. 

DIZ'ZY, v. t. To whirl round ; to make giddy ; to confuse. 

DIZ'ZY-ING, ppr. or a. Whirling round ; making dizzy. 

DJERRiD (jerireed), n. A bluntTurkish javelin.— Maunder. 

DO, v. t. or auxiliary ; pret. did ; pp. done. This verb, when 
transitive, is formed in the indicative present tense, thus, 
I do, thou doest, he does, or doth ; when auxiliary, the sec- 
ond person is, thou dost. [Sax. don; D. doen.] 1. To 
perform ; to execute ; to carry into effect ; to bring to pass. 
2. To practice ; to perform. 3. To perform for the bene- 
fit or injury of another ; with for or to expressed or under- 
stood. 4. To execute ; to discharge ; to convey. 5. To 
perform; to practice; to observe. 6. To exert; to put 
forth. 7. To transact. 8. To finish ; to execute or trans- 
act and bring to a conclusion ; to accomplish ; to achieve. 

9. To perform in an exigency ; to have recourse to, as a 
consequential or last effort; to take a step or measure. 

10. To make or cause ; [obs.] 11. To put ; [obs.] 12. To 
answer the purpose. — To have to do, to have concern with. 
— To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ ; 
as, what shall I do with him ? Also, to gain ; to effect by 
influence ; as, I can do nothing with him. Also, to have 
business ; to deal. — To do away, to remove ; to destroy ; 
as, to do aioay imperfections. 

DO, v. i. 1. To act or behave in any manner, well or ill ; to 
conduct one's self. 2. To fare ; to be in a state with re- 
gard to sickness or health. 3. To succeed ; to accomplish 
a purpose. Also, to fit; to be adapted; to answer the de- 
sign : with /or ; as, this stick will do for a beam. — To have 
to do with, to have concern or business with'; to deal with 
Also, to have carnal commerce with. — Do is used for a 
verb, to save the repetition of it. — Do is also used in the 
imperative, to express an urgent request or command. — 
As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions. — Do is also 
used to express emphasis. — Do is sometimes a mere ex- 
pletive ; [nearly obsolete.] 

DO, n. See Doe and Ado. 

Do, n. In music, the first of the musical syllables in modern 
solfeggio, introduced by the Italians. 



D5AT. See Dote. 

t Do'CENT, a. [L. docens.] Teaching. — Archbishop Laud. 
DOC-I-BIL'ITY, in. Teachableness; docility; readiness 
Do'CI-BLE-NESS, 5 to learn. 

* Do'CI-BLE or DOC'I-BLE, a. Teachable ; docile ; tract- 

able ; easily taught or managed. — Milton. 

* Do'ClLE or DOCILE, a. [L. docilis.] Easily instructed , 
ready to learn ; easily managed. — Syn. Teachable ; doci 
ble; tractable; ductile; pliant; yielding. 

DO-CIL1-TY, n. Teachableness ; readiness to learn ; apt- 
ness to be taught. 

DOC'I-MA-CY, n. [Gr. SoKinaaia.] The art or practice of as- 
saying ores or metals ; metallurgy. 

DOC-I-MASTIC, a. [Gr. SoKi/jiaariKog.'] Properly, assaying, 
proving by experiments, oj •plating to the assaying of ores 
or metals. 

DOCK, n. [Sax. docce.] A common and troublesome weed 
with large leaves. 

DOCK, v. t. [W. tociaw and tweiaw.] 1. To cut off, as the 
end of a thing ; to curtail ; to cut short ; to clip. 2. To 
cut off a part ; to shorten ; to deduct from. 3. To cut off', 
destroy, or defeat ; to bar. 4. To bring, draw, or place a 
ship in a dock. 

DOCK, n. 1. The tail of a beast cut short or clipped ; the 
stump of a tail ; the solid part of the tail. 2. A case of 
leather to cover a horse's dock. 

DOCK, n. 1. A broad, deep trench on the side of a harbor, 
or bank of a river, in which ships are built or repaired.- 
In America, the spaces between wharves are called docks 
2. The place where a criminal stands in court. 

DOCK'-MaS-TER, 72. One who has the superintendence of 
docks. 

DOCK'-YaRD, n. A yard, or magazine, near a harbor, for 
containing all lands of naval stores and timber. 

DOCKED' (dokt).^p. Clipped ; cut off, as the end of a thing. 

DOCKET, n. [W. tociaw.] 1. A small piece of paper or 
parchment, containing the heads of a writing. Also, a 
subscription at the foot of letters patent, by the clerk of 
the dockets. 2. A bill, tied to goods, containing some di- 
rection. 3. An alphabetical list of cases in a court, or a 
catalogue of the names of the parties who have suits de- 
pending in a court. — To strike a docket, in England, is said 
of a creditor who gives a bond to the lord chancellor, en- 
gaging to prove his debtor to be a bankrupt, whereupon a 
commission of bankruptcy is taken out against the debtor. 
— Smart. 

DOCK'ET, v. t. 1. To make an abstract or summary of the 
heads of a writing or writings ; to abstract and enter in a 
book. — Blackstone. 2. To enter in a docket ; to mark the 
contents of papers on the back of them. 3. To mark with 
a docket. — Chesterfield. 

DOCK ET-ED, pp. Abstracted and entered in a book. 

DOCKING, ppr. Clipping; cutting off the end; placing in 
a dock. 

DOCKING, n. The act of drawing, as a ship, into a dock. 

DOCTOR, n. [L. from doceo.] 1. A teacher. 2. One who 
has passed all the degrees of a faculty, and is empowered 
to practice and teach it ; as, a doctor in divinity, in physic, 
in law; or, according to modern usage, a person who haa 
received the highest degree in a faculty. 3. A learned 
man ; a man skilled in a profession ; a man of erudition. 

4. A physician ; one whose occupation is to cure diseases, 

5. The title doctor is given to certain fathers of the Church, 
whose opinions are received as authorities. — Doctor's Com- 
mons, the college of civilians in London. It is here that 
wills are proved and administration is taken out, under 
the direction of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury. 

DOCTOR, v. t. To apply medicines for the cure of dis- 
eases. [A popular use of this word, but not elegant.] 

DOCTOR, v. i. To practice physic. [Not elegant.] 

DOCTOR-AL, a. Relating to the degree of a doctor. 

DOCTOR-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a doctor. 

DOCTOR-ATE, n. The degree of a doctor.— Encyc. 

DOCTOR-aTE, v. t. To make a doctor by conferring a de- 
gree. — Warton. 

DOCTORED, pp. Administered to, by a physician ; cured 

DOCTOR-ING, ppr. Applying medicines ; curing. 

DOCTOR-LY, a. Like a learned man.— Bp. Hall. 

DOCTOR-SHIP, n. The degree or rank of a doctor. {Doc 
torate is now used.] 

DOCTRESS, ? . r , , . . 

DOC'TOR-ES 5 \ n ' female physician. 

DOCTRIN-aIRE', n. A cant term in the politics of Franco, 
denoting one who is desirous of giving to the king more 
power than is admitted by the ultra-liberals, and less than 
is demanded by the ultra-royalists. — Encyc. Am. 

DOCTRIN-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to doctrine ; containing a 
doctrine, or something taught ; as, doctrinal preaching. 2 
Pertaining to the act or means of teaching. — Hooker. 

DOCTRIN-AL, n. Something that is a part of doctrine. 

DOCTRIN-AL-LY, adv. In the form of doctrine or instruc 
tion ; by way of teaching or positive direction. 

DOCTRINE, 7i. [L. doctrina.] 1. Whatever is taught ; 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY,— MARifNE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK, 



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319 



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principle or position in any science ; whatever is laid I 
down as true by an instructor or master ; dogma ; tenet. 
2. The act of teaching.— Mark, iv., 2. 3. Learning ; knowl- 
edge. 4. The truths of the gospel in general. 5. Instruc- 
tion and confirmation in the truths of the gospel. 
OC'U-MENT, n. [L. documentum.] 1. Precept; instruc- 
tion; direction; [little used.] 2. Dogmatical precept ; au- 
thoritative dogma; [little used.] — 3. More generally, in 
present usage, written instruction, evidence, or proof; any 
official or authoritative paper containing instructions or 
proof, for information and the establishment of facts. 

bOG'U-MENT, v. t. 1. To furnish with documents ; to fur- 
nish with instructions and proofs, or with papers neces- 
sary to establish facts. 2. To teach ; to instruct ; to direct 
-Dryden. 

UO€-U-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to instruction or to docu- 
ments ; consisting in, or derived from, documents. 

DOC-U-MENTA.-RY, a. Pertaining to written evidence ; 
consisting in documents. 

DOC'U-MENT-ED, pp. Furnished with papers and docu- 
ments necessary to establish facts. 

DOD'DER, n. [G. dotter.] A leafless parasitic plant of the 
genus cuscuta, having thread-shaped stems, often found 
on flax. 

DODDERED, a. Overgrown with dodder; covered with 
supercrescent plants. — Dryden. 

DO-DECA.-GON, n. [Gr. dwdena and ywvia.] A regular fig- 
ure or polygon, having twelve equal sides and angles. 

DO-DEG-A-GYN'I-A, n. [Gr. SwSeKa and ywn.] In botany, 
the name of an order of plants having twelve styles. 

do-de-gaIyn-ous; ] a - In botan 'J> haYin s twelve Bt * le8 - 

DO-DE€-A-He'DRAL, a. Pertaining to a dodecahedron ; 
consisting of twelve equal sides. 

DO-DEC-A-HeT>RON, n. [Gr. Swdsica and eSpa.] A regular 
solid contained under twelve equal and regular pentagons, 
or having twelve equal bases. 

DO-DE-GAWDRI-A, n. [Gr. Suc'etca and avrjp.] In botany, 
the name of a class of plants having twelve stamens, or 
from twelve to nineteen. 

DO-DE-CAN'DRI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to the plants or class 

DO-DE-GAN'DROUS, $ of plants that have twelve sta- 
mens, or from twelve to nineteen. 

DO-DEC-A-TE-Mo'RI-ON, n. [Gr. duSexarog and ftopipv.] A 
twelfth part. — Creech. [Little used.] 

DO-DEC-A-TEM'O-RY, n. A denomination sometimes given 
to each of the twelve signs of the zodiac. 

DODGE (doj), v.i. 1. To start suddenly aside; to shift 
place by a sudden start. 2. To play tricks ; to be evasive ; 
to use tergiversation ; to play fast and loose ; to raise ex- 
pectations and dissappoint them ; to quibble. 

DODGE, v. t. To evade by a sudden shift of place ; to es- 
cape by starting aside. 

DODGED, pp. Evaded by a sudden shift of place. 

DODG'ER, n. One who dodges or evades. 

DODGING, ppr. Starting aside ; evading. 

DOD'KIN, n. A little doit ; a small coin. 

DOD'MAN, n. A crustaceous fish.— Bacon. 

Do'DO, n. The didus, a genus of large birds generally sup- 
posed to be extinct, said to have inhabited Madagascar 
and some other parts of the east. 

DSE (do), n. [Sax. da ; Dan. daa.] A she-deer ; the female 
of the fallow-deer. The male is called a buck. 

\ D5E (doo), n. A feat. — Hudibras. 

Do'ER, n. 1. One who does ; one who performs or exe- 
cutes; an actor ; an agent. 2. One who performs what is 
required ; one who observes, keeps, or obeys, in practice. 

D6ES (duz). The third person singular of the verb do, in- 
dicative mode, present tense. 

DoE'SKIN, n. 1. The skin of a doe. 2. A compact twilled 
cloth for pantaloons. 

DOFF, v. t. [D. doffen.] 1. To put oft', as dress. 2. To strip, 
or divest. 3. To put or thrust away ; to get rid of. 4. To 
put off; to shift off; with a view to delay. 

DOFFED (doft), pp. Put off; stripped ; thrust away. 

OOF'FER, n. A revolving cylinder in a car ding-machine, 
which doffs, or strips off, the cotton from the cards. 

DOG, n. [Fr. dogue.] 1. A species of quadrupeds, belonging 
to the genus canis, of many varieties, as the mastiff, the 
hound, the spaniel, the shepherd's dog, the terrier, the 
harrier, the blood-hound, &c. 2. It is used for male, when 
applied to several other animals ; as, a dog-fox. 3. An 
andiron, so named from the figure of a dog's head on the 
top. 4. A term of reproach or contempt given to a man. 
5. A constellation called Sirius, or Canicula. 6. An iron 
hook or bar with a sharp fang, which can be driven into 
a stick of timber to draw it in water by a rope. 7. An 
iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of timber in a saw- 
pit. 8. A gay young man ; a buck ; [not in use.] — To give 
or throw to the dogs', is to throw away, as useless. — To go 
to the dogs, is to be ruined. 
>OG, v. t. To hunt ; to follow insiduously or indefatigably ; 
to follow close ; to urge ; to worry with importunity. 



DOG'-BINE, n, A plant.— Miller. 

DOG'-BER-RY, n. The berry of the dog-wood. 

DOG'-BER-RY-TREE, n. The dog-wood. 

DOG'-BRl-ER, n. The brier that bears the hip ; rose canina. 

DOG'-GAB-BAGE, n. A plant found in the south of Europe. 

DOG'-CHe AP, a. Cheap as dog's-meat, or oflal ; very cheap. 

DOG'-DaY, a. One of the days when Sirius, or the dog- 
star, rises and sets with the sun. The dog-days commence 
the latter part of July, and end the beginning of September. 

DOG'-DRAW, n. A manifest deprehension of an ofl'ender 
against the venison in the forest, when he is found draw- 
ing after the deer by the scent of a hound.— Coicel. 

DOG'-FAN'CI-ER, n. One who has a taste for dogs, and 
keepsthem for sale. 

DOG'-FlGHT (-fite), n. A battle between two dogs. 

DOG-FISH, n. A name of several species of shark. 

DOG'-FISH-ER, n. A kind of fish.— Walton. 

DOG'-FLY, n. A voracious, biting fly. 

DOG'-GRISS, n. Couch-grass.— Loudon. 

DOG'-HEaRT-ED, a. Cruel : pitiless ; malicious. 

DOG'-HoLE, n. A place fit only for dogs. — Dryden. 

DOG'-HOUSE, n. A kennel for dogs.— Ooerbury. 

DOG'-KEEP-ER n. One who has the management of 
dogs. 

DOG'-KEN-NEL, n, A kennel or hut for dogs. 

DOG'-LAT-IN, n. Barbarous Latin. 

DOG'-LeACH, n. A dog-doctor. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

DOG-LOUSE, n. An insect that is found on dugs. 

DOG'-MAD, a. Mad as a dog. 

DOG'-RoSE, ii. The flower of the hiv.—Derham. 

DOG-SICK, a. Sick as a dog. 

DOG'-SKIN, a. Made of the skin of a dog.— Tatler. 

DOG-SLEEP, n. Pretended sleep, like that of a watch- 
dog. — Addison. 

DOG'-STaR, n. Sirius, a star of the first magnitude, whose 
rising and setting with the sun give name to the dog-days. 

DOG'-SToNES, n. A plant, fool-stones, a species of orchis. 

DOG-TOOTH, n.; pi. Dogteeth. A sharp-pointed hu 
man tooth growing between the fore-teeth and grinders, 
and resembling a dog's tooth ; also called an eye-tooth. 

DOG'-TOOTH-Vi'O-LET, n. A flowering plant, having 
long, slender white bulbs. — P. Cyc. 

DOG'-TRICK, n. A currish trick ; brutal treatment. 

DOG'-TROT, n. A gentle trot, like that of a dog. 

DOG'-VaNE, n. Among seamen, a small vane composed 
of thread, cork, and feathers. 

DOG'-WATCH (-wotch), n. Among seamen, a watch of two 
hours. The dog-watches are two reliefs between 4 and 8 
o'clock P.M. 

DOG'-WEA-RY, a. Quite tired ; much fatigued. 

DOG'-WOOD, n. A common name of different species oi 
the cornus, or cornelian cherry. 

DOG'-WOOD-TREE, n. Thepiscidia erythrina of Jamaica 

DOG'S'-BaNE, n. [Gr. airoicvvov.] A popular name of eev 
eral poisonous plants. 

DOG'S'-EAR, n. The corner of a leaf in a book turnec 
down like the ear of a dog. 

DOG'S'-MeAT, n. Refuse; offal ; meat for dogs. 

DOG'S'-RCE, ii. A plant, a species of scrophularia. 

Do'GAL, a. Pertaining to the Doge of Venice. 

Do'GATE, n. The office or dignity of a doge. — Encyc. 

DoGE, n. [It.; L. dux.] The chief magistrate of Venice 
and Genoa. 

DOGGED (dogd). pp. Pursued closely ; urged frequently 
and importunately. 

DOG'GED, a. Sullen; sour; morose; surly; severe. — Shak. 

DOG'GED-LY, adv. Sullenly ; gloomily ; sourly ; morose- 
ly ; with obstinate resolution. 

DOG'GED-NESS, n. Sullenness; moroseness. 

DOG'GER, n. A Dutch fishing vessel, used in the German 
ocean, particularly in the herring fishery. 

DOG'GER-EL, a. An epithet given to a kind of loose, irreg- 
ular measure in burlesque poetry, like that of Hudibras. 
— Addison. 

DOG'GER-EL, n, A loose, irregular kind of poetry.— SwifL 
[ Used in burlesque.] 

DOG'GER-MAN, n. A sailor belonging to a dogger. 

DOG'GERS, n. In English alum-works, a sort of stone found 
in the mines with the true alum-rock. 

DOG'GING, ppr. Hunting; pursuing incessantly. 

DOG'GISH, a. Like a dog; churlish; growling; snappish 
brutal. 

DOG'GISH-NESS, n. The quality of being doggish. 

f DOG'LY, a. Like a dog. 

DOG'MA, n. [Gr. Soy/ia.] A settled opinion ; a principle 
maxim, or tenet ; a doctrinal notion, particularly in mat 
ters of faith and philosophy. 

DOG-MAT'IC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to a dogma, or to sei 

DOG-MA T'I€-AL, > tied opinion. 2. Asserting or disposed 
to assert with authority, or with overbearing and'arrc- 
gance. 3. Asserted with authority. 4. Overbearing in 
asserting and maintaining opinions. — Syn. Positive ; con 
fident; magisterial; authoritative; dictatorial; arrogant 



DOVE ;— B]JLL, UNITE ;— AJTGF.R, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoUte 



DOM 



320 



DOM 



DOG-MATTG, n. One of a sect of physicians, called, also, 
dogmatists, in contradistinction to Empirics and Methodists. 

DOG-MATIG-AL-LY, adv. Positively ; in a magisterial 
manner; arrogantly. 

DOG-MAT'IG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being dogmatic- 
al: positiveness. 

DOG-MAT'IGS, n. Doctrinal theology ; a term used by 
German writers. — Murdoch. 

DOG'MA-TISM, n. Positive assertion ; arrogance ; positive- 
ness in opinion. 

DOG'MA-TIST, n. A positive asserter ; a magisterial teach- 
er ; a bold or arrogant advancer of principles. 

DOG'MA-TIZE, v. i. To assert positively ; to teach with 
bold and undue confidence ; to advance with arrogance. 

DOG'MA-TlZ-ER, n. One who dogmatizes ; a bold assert- 
er ; a magisterial teacher. — Hammond. 

DOG'MA-TIZ-ING, ppr. Asserting with excess of confidence. 

DOI'LY, n. 1. Formerly, a species of woolen stuff. 2. A 
small napkin, generally colored, used with fruit and wine. 

DOING, ppr. Performing ; executing. 

D5TNGS, n. pi. 1. Things done ; transactions ; feats ; ac- 
tions, good or bad. 2. Behavior ; conduct. 3. Stir ; bustle. 

DOIT, n. [D. duit.] 1. A small Dutch copper coin worth 
about half a farthing ; also, a similar small coin once used 
in Scotland. 2. A trifle. Hence the phrase, I care not a 
doit. 

DO-LAB'RI-FORM, a. [L. dolabra and forma.] Having the 
form of an ax or hatchet. 

DOLCE (dol'cha), \ [It.] In music, a di- 

DOL- CE-MEN'TE (dol-cha-men'ta), j rection to sing with 
a soft sound. 

DoLE, n. [Sax. dal; Russ. dolia.] 1. The act of dealing 
or distributing ; [not in use.] 2. That which is dealt or 
distributed; a part, share, or portion. 3. That which is 
given in charity ; gratuity. 4. Blows dealt out. 5. Bound- 
ary ; [not in use.] 6. A void space left in tillage ; [local.] 

f DoLE, n. [L. dolor.] Grief; sorrow. — Milton. 

i DoLE, v. t. To deal ; to distribute. 

DoLE'FUL, a. [dole and full] 1. Expressing grief; as, a 
doleful lamentation. 2. Afflicted; feeling grief. — Sidney. 
3. Impressing or producing sorrow; as, doleful news. — 
Syn. Piteous; rueful; sorrowful; woful; melancholy; 
sad ; gloomy ; dismal. 

DoLE'FUL-LY, adv. In a doleful manner ; sorrowfully ; 
dismally ; sadly. 

DoLE'FU L-NESS, n. Sorrow ; melancholy ; querulousness ; 
gloominess ; dismalness. 

f Do'LENT, a. [L. dolens.] Sorrowful. 

DOL'E-RlTE, n. A variety of trap-rock, composed of au- 
j^te and Labradorite. 

DoLE'SoME, a. Gloomy; dismal; sorrowful; doleful. 

DoLE'S6ME-LY, adv. In a dolesome manner. 

DoLE'SoME-NESS, n. Gloom ; dismalness. 

DOLL, n. [W. delw.] A puppet or baby for a child. 

DOL'LAR, n. [G. thaler ; D. daalder.] A silver coin of Spain 

.. and of the United States, of the value of one hundred cents, 
or about four shillings and fourpence sterling. 

DOLL'MAN, n. A long cassock or robe worn by Turks. 

DOL'O-MlTE, n. A granular magnesian carbonate of lime, 
often forming extensive beds. Much of the common 
white marble is dolomite. It has its name from the French 
geologist Dolomieu. 

DOL-0-MIT'I€, a. Pertaining to dolomite ; of the nature 
of dolomite. 

Do'LOR, n. [L.] Pain; grief; lamentation. — Shah. 

DOL-OR-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. dolor znifero.] Producing pain. 

DOL-OR-IFTG, a. [L. dolorificus.] 1. That causes pain or 
grief. 2. Expressing pain or grief. 

DOL-OR-IF'IG-AL, a. Dolorific— Cocheram. 

DOL-O-RO'SO. [It] In music, pathetic. 

DOL'OR-OUS, a. 1. Sorrowful ; doleful ; dismal ; impress- 
ing sorrow or grief. 2. Painful ; giving pain. 3. Express- 
ing pain or grief. 

DOL'OR-OUS-LY, adv. Sorrowfully ; in a manner to express 
pain. 

DOL'PHIN, n. [L. delphin, or delphinus.] A popular name 
given to two widely different inhabitants of the deep. 1. 
The real dolphin is a cetaceous mammal, about ten feet in 
length. It is the dolphin of the ancients, so celebrated in 
the story of Arion. 2. The dolphin of poets and naviga- 
tors, coryphaena Mppuris, is celebrated for its surprising 
changes of color when expiring in death. It is a fish of 
about five feet in length. Encyc. Am.— 3. In ancient Greece, 
a machine suspended over the sea, to be dropped on any 
vessel passing under it. 

DOL'PHIN ET, n. A female dolphin.— Spenser. 

DoLT, n. [G. tulpel; Sax. dol.] A heavy, stupid fellow; a 
blockhead ; a thick-skull. — Swift. 

DoLT, * i. To waste time foolishly ; to behave foolishly. 

DoLT'ISH, a. Dull in intellect ; stupid ; blockish. 

DoLTISH-LY, adv. In a doltish manner. 

DoLT'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity. 

DOM, used as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or prop- 



erty and jurisdiction ; primarily, doom, judgment ; as ill 
kingdom. Hence it is used to denote state, condition, or 
quality, as in freedom. 

DOM'A-BLE, a. That may be tamed. 

DO-MaIN', n. [Fr. domaine.] 1. Dominion; empire; terri 
tory governed, or under the government of a sovereign 
2. Possession; estate. 3. The land about the mansion- 
house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy. In this 
sense, the word coincides with demesne. 

Do'MAL, a. [L. domus.] Pertaining to a house in astrology. 

D5ME, ii. [Fr. ddme.] 1. A building ; a house ; a fabric ; 
[poetic] 2. A cathedral. — 3. In architecture, a spherical 
roof, raised over the middle of a building ; a cupola -4. 
In chemistry, the upper part of a furnace, resembling a 
hollow hemisphere, or small dome. 

DoME-SHaP-ED' (-shaptf), a. Shaped like a dome. 

DoMED, a. Furnished with a dome. 

DoMES'DaY (doomz'da). See Doomsday. 

t DoMES'MAN, n. A judge ; an umpire. 

DO-MES'TIG, a. [L. domeslicus.] 1. Belonging to the house, 
or home ; pertaining to one's place of residence, and to 
the family. 2. Remaining much at home ; living in retire- 
ment. 3. Living near the habitations of man ; tame ; not 
wild. 4. Pertaining to a nation considered as a family, or 
to one's own country ; not foreign. 5. Made in one's own 
house, nation, or country. 

DO-MES'TI-G, n. One who lives in the family of another, as 
an assistant for hire ; a servant, or hired laborer, residing 
with a family. 

DO-MEST1G-AL, a. The same as domestic. 

DO-MESTIG-AL-LY, adv. In relation to domestic affairs. 

DO-MESTIG-ANT, a. Forming part of the same family. 

DO-MESTIG-aTE, v. t. 1. To make domestic ; to retire 
from the public ; to accustom to remain much at home. 
2. To make familiar, as if at home. 3. To accustom to 
live near the_ habitations of man; to tame. 

DO-MF.S'Tl€-A-TED, pp. or a. Made domestic; accustomed 
to remain at home. 

DO-MESTIG-a-TING, ppr. Making domestic. 

DO-MES-TIG-A.TION, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from 
the public notice, and living much at home. 2. The act 
of taming, or reclaiming wild animals. 

DO-MES-TIC'1-TY, n. State of being domestic. 

DOM'I-ClLE, n. [Li domicilium.] An abode or mansion ; a 
place of permanent residence, either of an individual, or 
family. 

DOM'I-CILE, ) v. t. To establish a fixed residence, or 

DOM-1-CIL'I-aTE, 5 a residence that constitutes habitan 
cy. — Kent. 

DOM'1-ClL.ED, lpp. Having gained a permanent res- 

DOM-I-CIL'I-A-TED, } idence, or inhabitancy. 

DOM-I-CIL'I-A-RY, a. Pertaining to an abode, or the resi- 
dence of a person, or family. — A domiciliary visit is a visi* 
to a private dwelling, particularly for the purpose of 
searching it under authority of law. 

DOM-I-CIL-I-A'TION, n. Permanent residence ; inhabit- 
ancy. 

DOM'I-CIL-ING. ? ppr. Gaining, or taking a permanent 

DOM-I-CIL'I-A-TING, 5 residence. 

DOM'I-FY, v. t. [L. domus and facio.] 1. In astrology, to di 
vide the heavens into twelve houses, in order to erect a 
theme or horoscope. 2. To tame. 

DOM'IN-ANT, a. [L. dominans.] 1. Having the rule or as- 
cendency. — 2. In music, the dominant or sensible chord is 
that which is practiced on the dominant of the tone, and 
which introduces a perfect cadence. — Syn. Governing , 
ruling; prevailing; predominant; ascendant. 

DOM'IN-ANT, n. In music, of the three notes essential to 
the tone, the dominant is that which is a fifth from the 
tonic. 

DOM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. dominatus.] To rule ; to govern ; to 
prevail ; to predominate over. — Russ. 

DOM'IN-aTE, v. i. To predominate. [Little used.] 

DOM'IN-A-TED,£p. Ruled; governed. 

DOM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Riding; prevailing; predominating 

DOM-IN-a'TION, n. [L. domination 1. The exercise of 
power in ruling; dominion; government. 2. Arbitrary 
authority ; tyranny. 3. One highly exalted in power ; oi 
the fourth order of angelic beings. — Milton. 

DOM'IN-A-TlVE, a. Governing; also, imperious.— Sandys. 

DOM'IN-a-TOR, n. 1. A ruler or ruling power ; the pre- 
siding or predominant power. 2. An absolute governor. 

DOM'I-NE, n. 1. A schoolmaster ; a pedagogue. 2. A title 
given by the Dutch to a clergyman. See Dominie. 

DOM-IN-EER', v. i. [L. dominor.] 1. To rule over with in- 
solence or arbitrary sway. 2. To bluster ; to hector ; to 
swell with conscious superiority or haughtiness. — Shah. 

DOM-IN-EER', v. t. To govern.— Walpole. 

DOM-IN-EERED', pp. Ruled over with insolence. 

DOM-IN-EER'ING, ppr. 1. Ruling over with insolence 
blustering ; manifesting haughty superiority. 2. a. Over 
bearing; imperious; lordly; arrogant; dictatorial; inso 
lent. 



Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.—l, £, f , &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



DOO 



321 



DOR 



DO-MIN'I€-AL, a. [Low L. dominicahs.] 1. That notes the 
Lord's day, or Sabbath. The Dominical letter is the letter 
which, in almanacs, denotes the Sabbath, or dies Domini, 
the Lord's day. 2. Noting the prayer of our Lord. — 
Howell. 

DO-MIN'I€-AL, n. The Lord's day.— Hammond. 

DO-MINTG-AN, a. or n. [from Dominic] The Dominicans, 
or Dominican Friars, are an order of monks, called also 
Black Friars in England, and Jacobins in France. 

DOM'I-NI-ClDE, n. [L. dominus and ccedo.] One who kills 
his master. 

DOM'I-Nf E, n. 1. A pedagogue. — Scottish. 2. A title some- 
times given to a clergyman. 

DO-MIN'ION (do-min'yun), n. [L. dominium.] 1. Sovereign 
or supreme authority ; the power of governing and con- 
trolling. 2. Power to direct, control, use, and dispose of 
at pleasure ; right of possession and use without being ac- 
countable. — Locke. 3. District governed, or within the 
limits of the authority of a prince or state ; as, the Spanish 
dominions. 4. Right of governing ; as, Cuba is under the 
dominion of Spain. 5. Predominance ; ascendant — Dry- 
den. 6. An order of angels. — Col., i., 16. 7. Persons gov- 
erned. Ps., cxiv., 2. — Syn. Sovereignty ; control ; rule ; 
authority ; government ; territory ; country ; region. 

DOM'I-NO, n. 1. A long, loose cloak of black silk, with a 
hood removable at pleasure, used as a general disguise at 
masquerades. 2. A kind of play. 

DON, n. 1. A title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen 
and gentlemen only, but now common to all classes. — 
Dona, or duefia, the feminine of don, is the title of a lady, 
in Spain and Portugal. 2. A sportive title of one who feels 
self-important 

DON, v. t. [To do on.] To put on ; to invest with. [Rare.] 

Do'NA-BLE, a. That may be given. 

Do'NA-ClTE, n. A petrified shell of the genus do?iax. 

Do'NA-RY, n. [L.donarium.] A thing given to a sacred use. 
[Little vsed.] 

DO-Na'TION, n. [L. donatio.] 1. The act of giving or be- 
stowing. Milton. — 2. In laio, the act or contract by which 
a thing or the use of it is transferred to a person, or cor- 
poration, as a free gift. 3. That which is given or bestow- 
ed ; that which is transferred to another gratuitously, or 
without a valuable consideration. — Syn. Gift ; grant ; ben- 
efaction ; present 

DON'A-TISM, n. The doctrines of the Donatists. 

DON'A-TIST, n. One of the sect founded by Donatus in 
the fourth century. He was so strenuous for church or- 
der as to reject all other sects as not being of the true 
Church. 

SoSItIItII^L, \ a - Pertaining to Donate. 

DON'A-TlVE, n. [Sp, Ital. donativo.] 1. A gift ; a largess ; 
a gratuity ; a present ; a dole. — 2. In the canon law, a ben- 
efice given and collated to a person, by the founder or pa- 
tron, without either presentation, institution, or introduc- 
tion by the ordinary. 

DON'A-TIVE. a. Vested or vesting by donation.— Black- 
stone. 

D6NE (dun), pp. [See Do.] 1. Performed ; executed; fin- 
ished. 2. A word by which agreement to a proposal i3 ex- 
pressed ; as, in laying a wager, an offer being made, the 
person accepting or agreeing says, done — To have done 
with a person or thing, is to cease to have concern or bus- 
iness with ; to withdraw one's self from. 

' D6NE. The old infinitive of do. 

DO-NEE', n. [L. dono.] 1. The person to whom a gift or 
donation is made. 2. The person to whom lands or tene- 
ments are given or granted. — Blackstone. 

DO-NIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing gifts. 

P6NM6N (dun'jun), n. The central building or keep of an 
ancient castle, to which the garrison could retreat in case 
of necessity. 

DONK'EY, n. An ass or mule for the saddle. 

DON'NA, n. The English orthog-aphy of Dona, the title of 
a lady in Spain or Portugal. 

DONNJED (dond), pp. Put on ; invested with. 

DON'NISM, n. A cant term in the English universities for 
self-importance, or distance and loftiness of carriage. — 
Huher. 

Do'NOR, n. [L. dono.] 1. One who gives or bestows ; one 
who confers any thing gratuitously ; a benefactor. 2. One 
who grants an estate. 

DON'SHIP, n. The quality or rank of a gentleman or 
knight — Hudibras. 

DON'ZEL, n. [It.] A young attendant ; a page. — Butler. 

POOB- or DoUB'-GRASS, n. A perennial, creeping grass, 
highly prized in India, and acclimated in the southern parts 
of the United States. 

DOO'DLE, n. A triner ; a simple fellow. 

DOOLE. See Dole. 

DOOM, v. t. [Sax. dom.] 1. To judge ; [unusual] 2. To 
condemn to any punishment ; to consign by a decree or 
sentence. 3. To pronounce sentence or judgment on. 4. 



To command authoritatively. — Sliak. 5. To destine ; to 
fix irrevocably the fate or direction of ; as, man is doomed 
to ..oil. 6'. To condemn, or to punish by a penalty. 

DOOM, v. t. To tax at discretion. [New England.] 

DOOM,?*- [Sax. dom.] 1. Judgment; judicial sentence; us, 
the day of final doom. 2. Determination affecting the fate 
or future state of another ; usually, a determination to in- 
flict evil, sometimes otherwise. 3. The state to which one 
is doomed, or destined. 4. Ruin ; destruction. — Pope. 5. 
Discrimination ; [not used.] — Syn. Sentence ; condemna- 
tion ; decree ; fate ; destiny ; lot 

DOOMAGE, n. A penalty or fine for neglect. [New Hamp 
shire.] 

BOOMED (doomd). pp. or a. Adjudged ; sentenced ; con 
demned ; destined ; fated. 

DOOM'FUL, a. Full of destruction.— Drayton. 

DOOMING, ppr. Judging ; sentencing ; condemning ; des- 
tining. 

DOOMS'DaY, n. [doom and day.] 1. The day of the final 
judgment ; the great day when all men are to be judged, 
and consigned to endless happiness or misery. — Dryden. 
2. The day of sentence or condemnation. — Shak. 

DOOMS'Da'Y-BOOK, \n. A book compiled by order of 

DoMES'DaY-BOOK, 5 William the Conqueror, contain- 
ing a survey of all the lands in England. 

DOOMS'MAN. See Dojiesman. 

DoOR (dore), n. [Sax. dora, dur, dure.] 1. An opening or 
passage into a house, or other building, or into any room, 
apartment or closet, by which persons enter. 2. The 
frame of boards, or any piece of board or plank, that shuts 
the opening of a house, or closes the entrance into an apart- 
ment or any inclosure, and usually turning on hinges. — 3. 
In familiar language, a house ; often in the plural, doors; 
as, out of doors. 4. Entrance. — Dryden. 5. Avenue ; pass- 
age ; means of approach or access. — To lie at the door, in 
a figurative sense, is to be imputable or chargeable to one, 
as blame or fault. — Next door to, near to ; bordering on. — 
In doors, within the house ; at home. 

DoOPt'-CISE, n. The frame which incloses a door. 

DoOR.'-KEEP-EPl, n. A porter ; one who guards the en- 
trance of a house or apartment 

DoOR'-NaIL n. The nail on which the knocker former!? 
struck. 

DoOR'-PoST, n The post of a door. 

DoOR'-SILL. n. The sill of a door. 

DoOR'-STeAD, n. Entrance or place of a door 

DoOR'-SToNE, n. Step-stone 

DoOR'-WaY, n. The passage of a door. 

f DoOR'ING, n. A door-case. — Milton. 

DOQ'UET (dok'et), n. A warrant ; a paper granting license. 
See Docket. 

DOR, In. The name of the black beetle, or the hedge 

DORR, 5 chafer. 

DO-R!T>0, ??. [Sp. dorado.] 1. A southern constellation, 
the sword-fish. 2. A large fish resembling the dolphin. 

DO-REE', n. [Fr.] A fish of the genus zeus. The popular 
name in English i3 John-Doree, corrupted from Jaunt. 
doree, i. e., golden yellow. 
Do'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Dori3 in Greece. See Doric. 
DORIC a. In general, pertaining to Doris, or the Dorians, 
in Greece. — In architecture, noting the second order of 
columns, between the Tuscan and Ionic. 

DS'RISM 5 ^ 1 ' \ n - A P hrase of the Doric dialect 

DOR'MAN-CY, n. Quiescence.— Horsley. 

DORMANT, a. [Fr. dorniir.] 1. Sleeping; hence, at rest 
not in action. 2. Being in a sleeping posture. 3. Neglect- 
ed ; not used. 4. Concealed ; not divulged ; private ; [un- 
usual.] 5. Leaning ; inclining ; not perpendicular ; as, 
dormant windows. — Dormant partner, in commerce and 
manufactories, a partner who takes no share in the active 
business of a company or partnership, but is entitled to a 
share of the profits, and subject to a share in losses. He 
is called also sleeping partner. 

DORMER^' 5 * A beam ; a £lee P er - 

DORMER, \n. A window pierced through a 

DOR'MER-WIN'DoW, 5 sloping roof, and placed in a 
small gable which rises on the side of the roof ; also writ- 
ten dormar. 

DOR'MI-TfVE, 7?.. [L. dormio.] A medicine to promote 
sleep ; an opiate. — Arbuthnot. 

DOR'MI-TO-RY, n. [L. dormitorium.] 1. A place, building 
or room to sleep in. 2. A gallery in convents, divided into 
several cells, where the religious sleep. 3. A burial-place. 
— Ai/liffe. 

DOPv/MOUSE, n. ; phi. Dormice. An animal of several spe- 
cies, allied to the mouse, and resembling the squirrel in 
habits. 

DORN, n. [G. dom.] A fish.— Carew. 

DOR'NIC, n. A species of linen cloth ; also linsey-woolsey 

DOR'NOCK, n. A stout figured linen, first made in Dor 
nock, Scotland. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



JDOU 



322 



DOU 



fDSTlON, n. [Gr.dwpov.] 1. A gift; a present. 2. A meas- 
ure of three inches. 
DORP, n. [G. dorf; D. dorp.] A small village. 
DORR. -See Dor. 

t DORR, v. t. To deafen with noise, 
t DOR'RER, n. A drone. 

©OR'SAL, a. [L. dorsum.'] Pertaining to the back. 
DORSE, n. A canopy. — Sutton. 
DOR'SEL. See Dosser. 
DOR-SI-BRANCH'I-ATE, a. Having the branchiae equally 

distributed along the body, as some annelidans. 
DOR-SIF'ER-OUS, \a. In botany, bearing or producing 
DOR-SIP'AR-OUS, > seeds on the back of their leaves. 
DOR'SUM, n. [L.] The ridge of a hill.— Walton. 
t DOR'TURE, n. A dormitory.— Bacon. 
DoSE, n. [Fr. dose.] 1. The quantity of medicine given or 
prescribed to be taken at one time. 2. Any thing given 
to be swallowed ; any thing nauseous that one is obliged 
to take. 3. A quantity ; a portion. — Granville. 4. As much 
as a man can swallow. — Johnson. 
DoSE, v. t. [Fr. doser.] 1. To proportion a medicine prop- 
erly to the patient or disease ; to form into suitable doses. 
2. To give in doses ; to give medicine or physic. 3. To 
give any thing nauseous. 
DoSIiD (dost), pp. Given in doses ; formed into suitable 

doses ; physicked. 
DoS'ING, ppr. Given in doses ; physicking. 
DOS'SER, n. [Fr. dossier.] A pannier, or basket, to be car- 
ried on the shoulders of men. 
DOS'SIL, n. In surgery, a pledget or portion of lint made 

into a cylindric form, or the shape of a date. 
D6ST (dust). The second person of do, used in the solemn 

style ; thou dost. 
DOT, 7i. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other 
pointed instrument ; a speck ; used in marking a writing 
or other thing. 
DOT, v. t. 1. To mark with a dot or dots. 2. To mark or 

diversify with small detached objects. 
DOT, v. i. To make dots or spots. 

Do'TAGE, n. 1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding 
or mind, particularly in old age ; childishness of old age ; 
as, to be in one's dotage. 2. A doting ; excessive fond- 
ness. 3. Deliriousness. 
Bo'TAL, a. [L. dotalis.] Pertaining to dower, or a woman's 
marriage portion ; constituting dower or comprised in it. 
Do'TANT, n. A dotsxdi.—Shak. 

Do'TARD, n. 1. A man whose intellect is impaired by age ; 
one in his second childhood. 2. A doting fellow ; one fool- 
ishly fond. 
Do'TARD-LY, a. Like a dotard ; weak.— More. 
DO-TI'TION, n. [L. dotatio.] 1. The act of endowing, or 
of bestowing a marriage portion on a woman. 2. Endow- 
ment ; establishment of funds for support, as of a hospital 
or eleemosynary corporation. 
DoTE, v. i. [D. dutten.] 1. To have the intellect impaired 
by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers ; to be silly 
or insane. 2. To regard with excessive fondness : usu- 
ally with on or upon. — Ezek., xxiii., 5. 3. To decay. — 
Howson. 
DoTE, v. i. To decay ; to wither ; to impair. 
DoTED, pp. 1. Regarded with excessive fondness. 2. a. 

Stupid. — Spenser. 
DoT'ER, n. 1. One who dotes ; a man whose understand- 
ing is enfeebled by age ; a dotard. 2. One who is excess- 
ively fond, or weakly in love. 
DoTES, n. pi. Gifts or endowments. — Ben Jonson. 
D6TH (duth). The third person irregular of do, used in the 

solemn style. 
DoTING, ppr. or a. Regarding with excessive fondness. 
D5TING-LY, adv. By excessive fondness. — Dryden. 
DOTTARD, n. A tree kept low by cutting.— Bacon. 
DOTTED, pp. or a. 1. Marked with dots or small spots ; 
diversified with small detached objects. — 2. In botany, 
sprinkled with hollow dots or points. 
DOTTER-EL, \ n. A bird of the grallic order, and of the 
DOTTREL, > same genus with the plover. It is said to 
be a silly bird, which imitates the action of the fowler, and 
is easily taken by stratagem. Hence the frequent allusions 
to this bird in old writers. 
DOTTING, ppr. Marking with dots or spots ; diversifying 

with small detached objects. 
D5U-A-NIER' (doo-a-neerO, n. [Fr.] An officer of the French 

customs. 
D5UAY-BFBLE (doo'ay-), n. [from Douay, a town in France. J 
An English translation of the Scriptures sanctioned by the 
Roman Catholic Church. 
DOUBLE (dub^l), a. [Fr. double.] 1. Two of a sort togeth- 
er ; one corresponding to the other ; being in pairs. 2. 
Twice as much ; containing the same quantity or length 
repeated. 3. Having one added to another. 4. Twofold ; 
also, of two kinds.— Dryden. 5. Two in number. 6. De- 
ceitful ; acting two parts, one openly, the other in secret. 
—Ps. xii., 2. 



DdUB'LE (dub^l), v. t. [Fr. doubler.] 1. To fold, as paper 
2. To increase or extend by adding an equal sum, value 
quantity, or length ; as, to double one's money. 3. To 
contain twice the sum, quantity, or length, or twice as 
much. 4. To repeat ; to add. — Dryden. 5. To add one 
to another in the same order. Ex., xxvi., 9. — 6. In navi- 
gation, to double a cape or point, is to sail round it, so that 
the cape or point shall be between the ship and her former 
situation. — 7. In military affairs, to unite two ranks or files 
in one. — To double and twist, is to add one thread to anoth- 
er and twist them together. — To double upon, in tactics, is 
to inclose between two fires. 

DoUB'LE (dubTjl), v. i. 1. To increase to twice the sum, 
number, value, quantity, or length ; to increase or grow to 
twice as much. 2. To enlarge a wager to twice the sum 
laid. — Dryden. 3. To turn back or wind in running, as a 
hare. 4. To play tricks ; to use sleights. — Johnson. 5 
Among printers, to set up the same word or words unin 
tentionally the second time. 

D6UB'LE, n. 1. Twice as much ; twice the number, sum, 
value, quantity, or length. 2. A turn in running to escape 
pursuers. 3. A trick ; a shift ; an artifice to deceive. 

D6UB'LE (dublDl), adv. Twice.— Swift. 

DOUB'LE, in composition, denotes two ways, or twice the 
number or quantity. 

DoUB'LE-BANKED (dubTu-bankt), a. In seamanship, having 
two opposite oars managed by rowers on the same bench, 
or having two men to the same oar. 

DoUB'LE-BAR'REL.ED (dub'bl-bar'reld), a. Having two 
barrels, as a gun. 

D6UB'LE-BaSE, n. The lowest-toned instrument of mu- 
sic, in the form of a violin. 

DoUB'LE-BlTING, a. Biting or cutting on either side. 

DoUB'LE-BUT'TONED, a. Having two rows of buttons. 

DoUB'LE-CHaRgE, v. t. To charge or intrust with a 
double portion. 

DOUB'LE-CHaRGjBD (dub'bl-eharjd), pp. Charged or in- 
trusted with a double portion. 

DoUB'LE-CHiRG'ING, ppr. Charging or intrusting with a 
double portion. 

DoUB'LE-DeAL'ER (dubTn-deler), n. One who acts two 
different parts in the same business, or at the same time ; 
a deceitful, trickish person ; one who says one thing, and 
thinks or intends another ; one guilty of "duplicity. 

D6UB'LE-DeALTNG, n. Deceitful practice; the profes> 
sion of one thing and the practice of another. — Syn. Du 
plicity ; dishonesty ; dissimulation ; cunning ; deceit ; de 
ception ; fraud. 

D6UB'LE-DyE, v. t. To dye twice over. — Dryden. 

D6UB'LE-EDg£D, a. Having two edges. 

DdUB'LE-EN-TEN'DRE(aoo%\-&n-tan'dr),n. [Fr.] Double 
meaning of a word or expression. 

D6UB'LE-EN'TRY, n. A mode of book-keeping in which 
every transaction is entered in two different books and 
forms, to guard against error. 

DoUB'LE-EyED, a. Having a deceitful countenance. 

D6UB'LE-FaCE, n. Duplicity; the acting of different 
parts in the same concern. 

D6UB'LE-FaCED (dub'bl-faste), a. Deceitful ; hypocritic- 
al ; showing two faces. — Milton. 

DoUB'LE-FORMJED, a. Of a mixed form.— Milton. 

D6UB'LE-FORTI-Fl£D (dubTjl-for'te-f ide), a. Twice for- 
tified ; doubly strengthened. 

DoUB'LE-FOUNTED, a. Having two sources.— Milton. 

D6UB'LE-FR0NT'ED, a. Having a double front. 

D6UB'LE-GILD, v. t. To gild with double coloring.— Shah 

D6UB'LE-G1LD'ED, pp. Gilt with double coloring. 

D6UB'LE-HAND'ED, a. Having two hands ; deceitful. 

DoUB'LE-HeAD'ED, a. 1. Having two heads. 2. Having 
the flowers growing one to another. — Mortimer. 

DoUB'LE-HEiRT'ED (dub'bl-harfed), a. Having a false 
heart; deceitful; treacherous. 

D6UB'LE-LOCK, v. t. To shoot the bolt twice ; to fasten 
with double security. — Tatler. 

DoUB'LE-LO€K£D (-lokt), pp. Twice locked. 

D6UB'LE-LO€K'ING, ppr. Fastening with double security. 

D6UB'LE-MANN£D, a. Furnished with twice the comple- 
ment of men, or with two men instead of one. 

D6UB'LE-MeANTNG, a. Having two meanings. 

DoUB'LE-MlND'ED, a. Having different minds at differ- 
ent times ; unsettled ; wavering ; unstable ; undetermined. 

DOUB'LE-MOUTHjBD, a. Having two mouths. 

DOUB'LE-Na'TURED, a. Having a twofold nature. 

DoUB'LE-OCTAVE, n. In music, an interval composed 
of two octaves or fifteen notes in diatonic progression ; a 
fifteenth. 
DoUB'LE-PLe A, n. In law, a plea in which the defendant 

alleges two different matters in bar of the action. 
DoUB'LE-QUAR'REL, n. A complaint of a clerk to the 
archbishop against an inferior ordinary, for delay of 
justice. 
D6UB'LE-SHiDE. v. t. To double the natural darknesa 
of a place. — Milton. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, T, &c, long.— i, 6, ¥, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BOOK, 



DOU 



323 



DOW 



DOUBLE-SHaD'ED. pp. Made doubly dark. 

DOUB'LE-SHaD'ING, ppr Doubling the natural darkness 
of a place. 

D6UBLE-SHTNTNG, a. Shining with double lustre. 

DOUB'LE-STaR n. A star which usually appears single, 
but in the telescope is resolved into two stars. — D. Olmsted. 

D6UB'LE-THReAD'ED, a. Consisting of two threads 
twisted together. 

DOUBLE-TONGUED (dubljl-tungd), a. Making contrary 
declarations on the same subject at different tim es ; de- 
ceitful. 

DSUB'LED (dub bid), #p. Folded ; increased by adding an 
equa^ quantity, sum, or value ; repeated ; turned or pass- 
ed round. 

D6UBLE-NES3 (dubhl-nes), n, 1. The state of being 
doubled. 2. Duplicity. 

DOUB'LER, 7?. 1. He who doubles. 2. An instrument for 
augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to 
render it manifest bv sparks or the electrometer. 

DOUBLET (dublet). n. [Fr. doublet.} 1. The inner garment 
of a man ; a waistcoat or vest 2. Two ; a pair. 3. A 
word or phrase unintentionally doubled, or set up a second 
time, by printers. — 4. Among lapidaries, a counterfeit stone 
composed of two pieces of crystal, with a color between 
them. 

D6UB'LETS, n. 1. A game on dice within tables. 2. The 
same number on both dice. 3. A double meaning. 

DOUBTING, ppr. Making twice the sum. number, "or quan- 
tity : repeating ; passing round ; turning to escape. 

DOUBLING, n. The act of making double ; also, a fold ; a 
plait : also, an artifice ; a shift. 

DOUB-LOON' (dub-loon'), n. [Fr. doublon; Sp. doblon.] A 
Spanish and Portuguese coin, being double the value of 
the pistole. 

DOUB'LY (dubnly), adv. In twice the quantity ; to twice 
the degree. 

DOUBT (dout), v. i. [Fr. douter.] 1. To be in suspense ; to 
be in uncertainty respecting the truth or fact ; to be un- 
determined. 2. To be apprehensive. Oticay. — Syn. To 
waver ; fluctuate ; hesitate ; demur ; scruple ; question ; 
suspect 

DOUBT (dout), -v. t. 1. To question, or hold questionable ; 
to withhold assent from ; to hesitate to believe. 2. To 
fear; to suspect. — Milton. 3. To distrust; to withhold 
confidence from. 4. To fill with fear ; [obs.] 

DOUBT (dout), n. LA fluctuation of mind respecting truth 
or propriety, arising from defect of knowledge or evi- 
dence ; uncertainty of mind ; suspense ; unsettled state 
of opinion. 2. Uncertainty of condition. — Deut., xxviii., 
66. 3. Suspicion ; fear ; apprehension. — Gal., iv., 20. 4. 
Difficulty objected; as, to solve doubts. 5. Dread; hor- 
ror and danger ; [obs.] 

DOUBTA-BLE, a. That may be doubted.— Sherwood. 

DOUBTED (doufed), pp. Scrupled ; questioned ; not cer- 
tain or settled. 

DOUBT'ER, n. One who doubts ; one whose opinion is un- 
settled ; one who scruples. 

DOUBTTUL, a. 1. Not settled in opinion; [applied toper- 
sons] 2. Not clear in its meaning ; as, a doubtful expres- 
sion. 3. Admitting of doubt ; not obvious, clear, or cer- 
tain ; not decided ; as, of doubtful authority. 4. Of un- ' 
certain issue. — Milton. 5. Not secure ; suspicious. — Hook- 
er. 6. Not confident; not without fear ; indicating doubt. 
— Milton. 7. Not certain or defined. Milton. — Syn. Wa- 
vering ; hesitating ; undetermined ; distrustful ; dubious ; 
uncertain ; equivocal ; obscure ; ambiguous ; problematic- 
al ; questionable : precarious ; hazardous. 

DOUBTTUL-LY, adv. 1. In a doubtful manner ; dubiously. 
2. With doubt; irresolutely. 3. Ambiguously; with un- j 
certainty of meaning. 4. In a state of dread ; [obs.] 

DOUBTTUL-NESS, n. 1. A state of doubt or uncertainty | 
of mind ; dubiousness ; suspense ; instability of opinion, j 
2. Ambiguity; uncertainty of meaning. 3. Uncertainty 
of event or issue ; uncertainty of condition. 

DOUBTING, ppr. or a. Wavering in mind ; calling in ques- j 
tion ; hesitating. 

DOUBTTNG-LY, adv. In a doubting manner; dubiously; ; 
without confidence. j 

\ DOUBTLESS, a. Free from fear or danger; secure. 

DOUBTLESS, adv. Without doubt or question; unques- 
tionably. 

DOUBTLESS-LY, adv. Unquestionably.— Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

t DoUCED (doost), n. [Fr. douce.] A musical instrument. 

t DoU'CET, 72,. [Fr.] A custard. 

DoU-CEfiR' (doo-sur' or doo-saur'), n. [Fr.] A present or 
gift; a bribe. 

DoUcHE (doosh), n. A jet or current of water directed 
with considerable force on to some diseased part of the 
body, with a view to strengthen it. 

D5U-ClNE' (doo-seen'), n. [Fr.] A molding concave above 
and convex below ; a French term for the cyma. 

D6U€K'ER, n. A bird that dips or dives in water, a diver. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS.— € as K 



DoUGH (do), n. [Sax. dah.] Paste of bread ; a mass com- 
posed of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not 
baked. — My cake is dough, that is, my undertaking has not 
come to maturity. — Skak. 

DoUGH-BiKED (do'-bakt), a. Unfinished ; not hardened 
to perfection ; soft — Donne. 

DoUGH'-KNeAD'ED, a. Soft ; like dough.— Milton. 

DoUGH'-NUT, n. A small roundish cake, made of flour, 
eggs, and sugar, moistened with milk and boiled in lard. 

DOUGHTTLY, adv. With doughtiness. 

DOUGH'TI-NESS (dou'te-nes), n. Valor ; bravery. 

DOUGHTY (dou'ty). a- [-ax. doldig.] Brave; valiant , 
[now seldom used, except ironically.] 

DoUGHY (do'y), a. Like dough ; soft ; yielding to press- 
ure ; pale. 

DOUSE, v. t. 1. To thrust or plunge into water. — 2. In sea- 
men's language, to strike or lower in haste ; to slacken 
suddenly ; as, douse the top-saiL Also, to extinguish. 

DOUSE, v. i. To fall suddenly into water. — Hudibras. 

DOUSED (dou$t), pp. Plunged into water. 

DOUSING, ppr. Plunging into water. 

DOUT, v. t. To put out ; "to extinguish.— Skak. 

DOUT'ER, n. An extinguisher for candles. 

DoUZeAVE (doo'zeve), n. [Fr. dome.] In music, a scale of 
twelve degrees. 

DOVE (duv), n. [Sax. duna.] 1. A name given to several 
species of birds, also called pigeons, distinguished for their 
gentleness and timidity. 2. A word of endearment or an 
emblem of innocence. 

D6VE'-€OT, n. A small building or box, raised to a con- 
siderable height above the ground, in which domestic pig- 
eons breed. 

DoVE'-HOUSE, n. A house or shelter for doves. 

DOVE'-TIIL, n. In carpentry, the manner of fastening 
boards and timbers together by letting one piece into an- 
other in the form of a dove's tail spread, or wedge re- 
versed. 

DOVE'-TIIL, t . t. To unite by a tenon in form of a pigeon's 
tail spread, let into a board or timber. 

DOVE -TILLED (duV-tald), pp. or a. United by a tenon in 
form of a dove's tail. 

DOVE -TaLL-ING, ppr. Uniting by a dove-taiL 

D6\ E'-TaIL-ING, n. The act of joining by dove-tails ; the 
junction thus made. 

DOVE'S'-FOOT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. 

DOVE'LET, 7i. A young or small dove. — Booth. 

DOVE'LlKE, a. Resembling a dove. — Milton. 

DOYE'SHIP, n. The qualities of a dove.— Hall. 

DOVER'S POWDER, n. In medicine, a compound of ipe- 
cacuanha, opium, and sulphate of potash ; an excellent 
sedative and sudorific. — Brande. 

t DOVISH (duv'ish), a. Like a dove ; innocent. 

DOW'A-BLE, a. That may be endowed ; entitled to dower. 

DOW'A-OER n. [Fr. douairiere.] A widow with a jointure ; 
a title particularly given to the widows of princes and per- 
sons of rank. The widow of a king is called queen dow- 
ager. 

DOW'CETS, 77. pi. The testicles of a hart or stag. 

DOWDY, n. [Scot dawdie.] An awkward, ill-dressed, in 
elegant woman. — Dry den. 

DOW'DY, a. Awkward; ill-dressed; vulgar-looking.— Gcv 

DOWDY-ISH a. Like a dowdy. 

DOWEL, v. t. To fasten two boards together by pins in the 
edges ; as, the cooper dowels pieces for the head of a cask. 

DOWEL-PLN, n. A pin inserted in the edges of boards to 
fasten them together. 

DOWELED, pp. Fastened by pins in the edges. 

DOW'EL-ING, ppr. Fastening together by dowel-pins. 

DOWER, 77. [W. dated.} 1. That portion of the lands or 
tenements of a man, which his widow enjoys during her 
life, after the death of her husband ; [most common use at 
present,] 2. The property which a woman brings to her 
husband in marriage. 3. The gift of a husband for a wife. 
4. Endowment; gift. — Davies. 

DOWERED, a. Furnished with dower, or a portion. 

DOWER-LESS, a. Destitute of dower.— Shak. 

DOW'ER-Y, \n. A different spelling of dower, but less 

DOWRY, 5 used. 

DOWLAS, n. A kind of coarse linen cloth.— Shak. 

t DOWLE, n, A feather.— Shak. 

DOWLY, a. Melancholy; sad; [applied to persons ;] lonely 
[to places. — Grose. North of England.] Sometimes writ 
ten and spoken daly. 

DOWN, n. [Sw. dun.] 1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, 
particularly of the duck kind. Also, fine hair. 2. The pu- 
bescence of plants, a fine hairy substance. 3. The pappus 
or little crown of certain seeds of plants ; a fine feathery 
or hairy substance, by which seeds are conveyed to a dis 
tance by the wind. 4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies. 
— Southern. 

DOWN, n. [Sax. dun.] 1. A bank or elevation of sand 
thrown up by the sea. 2. A term applied in England to 
t racts of poo r, naked, hilly land, used only for pasturing 

; (5 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH7TH as in this, t Obsolete 



DOX 



324 



DRA 



sheep. Brande. — 3. The Downs, a well-known road for 
shipping in the English Channel, near Deal. 

i/OWN, prep. [Sax. dun, adun.] 1. Along a descent ; from 
a higher to a lower place. 2. Toward the mouth of a riv- 
er, or toward the place where water is discharged into the 
ocean or a lake. Hence, figuratively, to pass doion the 
stream of life. — Down the sound, in the direction of the 
ebb-tide toward the sea. — Down the country, toward the 
sea, or toward the part where rivers discharge their wa- 
ters into the ocean. 

DOWN, adv. 1. In a descending direction ; tending from a 
higher to a lower place. 2. On the ground or at the bot- 
tom. 3. Below the horizon, as the sun. 4. In the direc- 
tion from a higher to a lower condition. 5. Into disrepute 
or disgrace ; as, to put down error. 6. Into subjection ; 
into a due consistence. 7. At length ; extended or pros- 
trate on the ground or on any flat surface. — Up and down, 
here and there ; in a rambling course.— Down with a build- 
ing, is a command to pull it down, to demolish it. — Down 
with him, signifies throw or take him down. — It is often 
used by seamen ; as, down with the fore-sail, &c. 

DOWN, a. Downcast; plain; dejected; as, a down look. 

DOWN'-BEaR, v. t. To bear down ; to depress.— E. Irving. 

DOWN'-BEaR-ING, ppr. Bearing down. 

DOWN'-BEaR-ING, n. The act of pressing or bearing down. 

DOWN'-BED, n. A bed of down. 

DOWN'-HAUL, n. In seamen's language, a rope passing 
along a stay through the cringles of the stay-sail or jib, and 
made fast to the upper corner of the sail, to haul it down. 

DOWN'-SIT-TING, n. The act of sitting down ; repose ; a 
resting. 

DOWNCAST, a. Cast downward ; directed to the ground. 

tDOWN'CAST, n. Sadness; melancholy look. 

DOWN'CaST-ING, a. Casting down ; dejecting. 

DOWNED, a. Covered or stufled with down. — Young. 

DOWNFALL, n. 1. A falling, or body of things falling. 2. 
Ruin ; destruction ; a sudden fall or ruin by violence, in 
distinction from slow decay or declension. 3. Figuratively, 
a sudden fall ; a depression or ruin of reputation or estate. 

DOWNFA.LL-.EN, a. Fallen ; ruined.— Carav. 

DOWN'GYV.ED, a. Hanging down like the loose cincture 
of fetters. — Steevens. 

DOWN'HEaRT-ED, a. Dejected in spirits. 

DOWN'HILL, a. Declivous ; descending; sloping. 

DOWN'HILL, n. Declivity, descent; slope. — Dryden. 

DOWN'I-NESS, n. The state of being downy. 

DOWN'LOOrLED (down'lookt), a. Having a downcast 
countenance ; dejected ; gloomy ; sullen. 

DOWN'LY-ING, n. The time of retiring to rest ; time of re- 
pose. 

DOWN'LY-ING, a. About to lie down or to be in travail cf 
childbirth. — Johnson. 

DOWN'RIGHT (-rite), adv. 1. Right down ; straight down ; 
perpendicularly. 2. In plain terms ; without ceremony or 
circumlocution. 3. Completely ; without stopping short. 

DOWN'RIGHT, a. 1. Directly to the point ; plain ; open ; 
artless ; undisguised. 2. Plain ; artless ; unceremonious ; 
blunt. 

DOWN'RlGHT-LY, adv. Plainly ; in plain terms ; bluntly. 

DOWN'RlGHT-NESS, n. Plainness ; absence of disguise. 
— Gomersall. 

DOWNTROD, ? a. Trodden down ; trampled down. 

DOWNTRODDEN, j — Shak. 

DOWN'WARD, adv. 1. From a h\gher place to a lower ; in 
a descending course, whether directly toward the center 
of the earth or not. 2. In a course or direction from a 
head, spring, origin, or source. 3. In a course of lineal 
descent from an ancestor considered as a head. 4. In the 
course of falling or descending from elevation or distinc- 
tion. 

DOWN'WARD, a. 1. Moving or extending from a higher 
to a lower place, as on a slope or declivity, or in the open 
air ; tending toward the eai th or its center. 2. Declivous ; 
bending. — Dryden. 3. Descending from a head, origin, or 
source. 4. Tending to a lower condition or state; de- 
pressed ; dejected. 

DOWN'WEED, n. Cottonweed, a downy plant. 

DOWN'Y, a. 1. Covered with down or nap. 2. Covered 
with pubescence or soft hairs, as a plant. 3. Made of 
down or soft feathers. 4. Soft ; calm ; soothing, as sleep. 
— Shak. 5. Resembling down. 

DOWRE. The same as dower. 

DOW'RESS, n. A woman entitled to dower. — Bouvier. 

DOWRY, 72. f See Dower.] 1. The money, goods, or estate 
which a woman brings to her husband in marriage ; the 
portion given with a wife. 2. The reward paid for a wife. 
3. A gift ; a fortune given. 

f DOWSEI, v. t. [Sw. daska.] To strike on the face. 

t DOWST \ n ' A blow on the tace -~ Smart. [ Vulgar.] 
DOX-0-LO(i'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to doxology ; giving praise 

to God. — Howell. 
DOX-OL'O-GlZE, v. i. To give glory to God. 



DOX-OL'O-GIZ-ING, ppr. Giving g. u-y to God. 

DOX-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. <5<>£oA»ytu.] In Christian worship, $ 
hymn in praise of the Almighty ; a pai ticular form of giv 
ing glory to God. 

DOX'Y, n. [qu. Sw. docka.] A loose we;, ah; a prostitute. 
Shak. 

DoZE, v. i. [Dan. ddser.] 1. To slumber ; to sleep lightly. 5} 
To live in a state of drowsiness ; to be dull or half asleep 

DoZE, v. t. 1. To pass or spend in drowsiness ; as, to doze 
away one's time. 2. To make dull ; to stupefy. 

VoZ ED (dozd), pp. Slept lightly. 

D6Z'£N (duz'n), a. [Ft. douzaine.] Twelve in number ; [it, 
familiar language, applied to things of the same kind, bu 
rarely or never to that number in the abstract.] 

DoZ'EN, n. The number twelve of things of a like kind. 

DoZ'ER, n. One who dozes or slumbers. 

DOZ'1-NESS, ii. Drowsiness ; heaviness ; inclination to sleep. 

D o Z'lN G, ppr. Slumbering. 

DoZ'ING, 7i. A slumbering; sluggishness. — Chesterfield. 

DoZ'Y, a. Drowsy ; heavy ; inclined to sleep ; sleepy ; slug- 
gish — Dryden. 

DRAB, n. [Sax. drabbe.] 1. A strumpet ; a prostitute. — Shak 

2. A low, sluttish woman. 3. A kind of wooden box used 
in salt-works for holding the salt when taken out of the 
boiling pans. 

DRAB, n. [Fr. drap.] A kind of thick woolen cloth of a dun 
color. 

DRAB, a. Being of a dun color, like the cloth so called. 

DRAB, v. i. To associate with strumpets. — Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

DRAB'BING, ppr. Keeping company with lewd women. 

DRAB'BING, 7i. An associating with strumpets. — Beaumoni 
and Fletcher. 

DRAB'BLE, v. t. To draggle ; to wet and befoul. [Scotch 
New England.] 

DRAB'BLE, v. i. To fish for barbels with a long line. 

DRAB'BLING, a. Drawing in mud or water; angling fo» 
barbels. 

DRAB'BLING, n. A method of angling for barbels. 

DRAB'LEll, n. In seamen's language, a small additional sail 
sometimes laced to the bottom of a bonnet on a square sail. 

DRACHM (dram), n. See Drachma, and Dram. 

DRACHMA (drak'ma), n. [L.] 1. A silver coin among the 
Greeks, having a different value in different states and at 
different periods. The average value of the Attic drachma 
was 9Jd, or about 18 cents. — Smith's Diet. 2. A weight 
among the Greeks of 2 dwts. and 7 grains Troy. — Brande. 

DRa'CIN, ii. A supposed alkaloid obtained from dragon's- 
blood. 

DRa'CO, 72. [L.] 1. In astronomy, a constellation of the nor- 
thern hemisphere. 2. A luminous exhalation from marshy 
grounds. 3. A genus of animals of two species. See 
Dragon. 

DRA-€o'NIN, 7i. A red resinous substance obtained from 
dragon's-blood. 

t DRA-CONTIC, a. [L. draco.] In astronomy, belonging to 
that space of time in which the moon performs one entire 
revolution. 

DRA-€UN€'tJ-LUS, n. 1. In botany, a plant, a species of 
arum. — 2. In zoology, a fish, the dragonet. — 3. Guinea worm, 
supposed to be a worm which penetrates the human skin, 
and insinuates itself between the muscles. 

t DRAD, a. Terrible. This was also the old pret. of dread. 

DRaFF, n. [D. draf, droefi] Refuse ; lees ; dregs ; the wash 
given to swine, or grains to cows ; waste matter. — Dryden. 

DRaF'FISH, a. Worthless. 

DRaF'FY, a. Dreggy ; waste ; worthless. 

DRIFT, n. [corrupted from draught.] 1. A drawing. In 
this sense, draught is perhaps most common. 2. A draw 
ing of men from a military band ; a selecting or detaching 
of soldiers from an army, or any part of it, or from a mil- 
itary post. Sometimes a drawing of men from other com- 
panies or socipties. 3. An order directing the payment 
of money ; a bill of exchange. 4. A drawing of lines for a 
plan; a figure described on paper; delineation; sketch; 
plan delineated. 5. Depth of water necessary to float a 
ship. 6. A writing composed. See Draught. 

DRAFT, v. t. 1. To draw the outline ; to delineate. 2. To 
compose and write ; as, to draft a memorial or a lease. 

3. To draw men from a military band or post ; to select ; 
to detach. 4. To draw men from any company, collec- 
tion, or society. 

DRaFT'-HORSE, 72. A horse employed in drawing, partic- 
ularly in drawing heavy loads or in plowing. 

DRaFT'-OX, n. An ox employed in drawing. 

DRIFTED, pp. or a. Drawn ; delineated ; detached. 

DRXFTTNG, ppr. Drawing; delineating; detaching. 

DRAFTS, 72. pi. A g<iine"played on a checkered board; 
hence, it is often called checkers in America. 

DRAG, v. t. [Sax. drag an.] 1. To pull; to haul; to draw 
along the ground by main force ; applied particularly to 
drawing heavy things with labor along the ground or oth- 
er surface. 2. To break land by drawing a drag or har- 



7 See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, ¥ , &c, short F A R. FALL. WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BQQK, 



DRA 



325 



DRA 



row over it ; to harrow ; [common in New England.] 3. 
To draw along slowly or heavily ; to draw any thing burd- 
ensome. 4. To draw along in contempt, as unworthy to 
be carried. 5. To pull or haul about roughly and forcibly. 
6. To explore with a drag ; as, to drag a pond or river for 
a dead body. — In seamen's language, to drag an anchor, is 
to draw or trail it along the bottom when loosened, or 
when the anchor will not hold the ship. 

DRAG, v. i. 1. To hang so low as to trail on the ground. 
2. To fish with a drag. 3. To be drawn along; as, the 
anchor drags. 4. To be moved slowly ; to proceed heav- 
ily ; as, business drags. 5. To hang or grate on the tloor, 
as a door. 

DRAG, n. 1. Something to be drawn along the ground, as 
a net or a hook. 2. A particular kind of harrow. 3. A 
car; a low cart — 4. In sea-language, a machine with a 
dragnet, used to drag on the bottom to recover something 
that has been lost, &c. 5. Whatever is drawn ; a boat in 
tow ; whatever serves to retard a ship's way. 

DRAG'-NET, n. A net to be drawn on the bottom of a riv- 
er or pond for taking fish. — Dryden. 

DRAGGED, pp. Drawn on the ground ; drawn with labor 
or force ; drawn along slowly and heavily ; raked with a 
drag or harrow. 

DRAG'GIN G, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; drawing with 
labor or by force ; drawing slowly or heavily ; raking with 
a drag. 

DRAG'GLE, v. t. To wet and dirty by drawing on the 
ground or mud, or on wet grass ; to drabble. 

DRAG'GLE, v. i. To be drawn on the ground ; to become 
wet or dirty by being drawn on the mud or wet grass. 

DRAG'GLE-TaIL, n. A slut.— Sherwood. 

DRAG'GLED (drag'ld), #p. Drawn on the ground; wet or 
dirtied by being drawn on the ground or mire. 

DRAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; making dirty 
by drawing on the ground or wet grass. 

DRAG'MAN, n. A fisherman that uses a drag-net. 

DRAG'O-MAN, In. ; pI.Dragomaks. [lt.dragoman?io.] An 

DROG'O-MAN, > interpreter ; [a term in general use in the 
Levant and other parts of the East.] 

DRAG'ON, n. [L. draco.] 1. A kind of winged serpent, 
much celebrated in the romances of the Middle Ages. 2. 
A fiery, shooting meteor, or imaginary serpent. 3. A fierce, 
violent person, male or female. 4. A constellation of the 
northern hemisphere. [See Draco.] — In Scripture, dragon 
seems sometimes to signify a large marine fish or serpent, 
but is often used for the devil. 

DRAG'ON, n. The popular name of a genus of four-footed 
animals, allied to the lizard, in the East Indies. 

DRAG'ON-FISH, n. Thedragonet; a popular name of fish- 
es of the genus callionymus. 

DRAGON-FLY, n. The popular name of a species of in- 
sects called libellula. 

DRAG'ON-LlKE, a. Like a dragon ; fiery ; furious. 

DRAG'ON-SHELL, n. Said to be the popular name of a 
species of patella or limpet. 

DRAG'ON-TREE, n. Said to be the popular name of a 
species of palm. 

DRAG'ON'S-BL66D (drag'onz-blud), n. [Sax. dracan-blod.] 
The inspissated juice of certain tropical plants of a red 
color, and used for tooth tinctures and powders, for stain- 
ing marble, coloring varnishes, &c. 

DRAG'ON'S-HeAD (-hed), n. A proposed popular name 
of certain plants of the genus dracocephalum. — Dragon's 
Head and Tail, in astronomy, are the nodes of the planets. 

DRAG'ON'S-WA'TER, n. Said to be a popular name of a 
plant belonging to the genus colla. 

DRAG'ON'S-WORT, n. Said to be a popular name of a 
plant of the genus artemisia. 

DRAG'O-NET, n. 1. A little dragon.— Spenser. 2. The pop- 
ular name of fishes belonging to the Linnaean genus calli- 
onymus, alhed to the gudgeon. 

DRAG'ON-ISH, a. In the torm of a dragon ; dragon-like. 

DRAG-ON-NaDE', n. [Fr.] A name given to certain severe 
persecutions of Protestants in France by armed troops. 

DRAG'ONS, n. The popular name of certain plants of the 
genus dracontium. 

DRA-GOON', n. [Fr. dragon.] A soldier or musketeer who 
serves on horseback or on foot as occasion may require. 
Their arms are a sword, a musket, and a bayonet. 

DRA-GOON', v. t. 1. To persecute by abandoning a place 
tc the rage of soldiers. 2. To enslave or reduce to sub- 
jection by soldiers. 3. To harass ; to persecute ; to compel 
to submit by violent measures; to force; [most usual 



-OON-il 



DRAG-OON-aDE', n. The abandoning of a place to the rage 

of soldiers. — Burnet. 
DRA-GOON ED' (dra-goond'), pp. Abandoned to the violence 

of soldiers ; persecuted ; harassed. 
DRA-GOON'ER, n. An old term for a dragoon. 
DRA-GOON'ING, ppr. Abandoning to the rage of soldiers ; 

persecuting ; harassing ; vexing. 
} DRIIL, v. t. To trail— More. 



t DRIIL, v. i. To draggle. — South. 

DRaIN, v. t. [Sax. drchnigean.] 1. To filter; to cause to 
pass through some porous substanee. 2. To empty or 
clear of liquor by causing the liquor to drop or run off 
slowly. 3. To make dry ; to exhaust of water or other 
liquor by causing it to flow off in channels or through por- 
ous substances. 4. To empty ; to exhaust ; to draw off 
gradually. 

DRaIN, v. i. 1. To flow off gradually. 2. To be emptied 
of liquor by flowing or dropping; as, let the vessel stand 
and drain ; let the cloth hang and drain. 

DRaIN, n. A channel through which water or other liquid 
flows off; particularly, a trench or ditch to convey water 
from wet land ; a water-course ; a sewer ; a sink. 

DRa.IN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being drained. — Sherwood. 

DRaIN'A6E, n. 1. A draining; a gradual flowing off of any 
liquid. 2. The mode in which the waters of a country 
pass off by its streams and rivers. 

DRIIN.ED', pp. or a. Emptiod of water or other liquor by 
a gradual discharge, flowing, or dropping ; exhausted ; 
drawn off. 

DRaIN'ER, n. A utensil on which articles are placed to 
drain. 

DRaIN'ING, ppr. Emptying of water or other liquor by fil- 
tration or flowing in small channels. 

DRAKE, n. [G. enterich.] 1. The male of the duck kind. 
2. [L. draco, dragon.] A small piece of artillery. 

DRAM, n. [contracted from drachma.] 1. Among druggists 
and physicians, a weight of the eighth part of an ounce, 
or sixty grains. — In avoirdupois weight, the sixteenth part 
of an ounce. 2. A small quantity. — Dryden. 3. As much 
spirituous liquor as is drank at once. — Swift. 4. Spirit ; 
distilled liquor. 

DRAM, v. i. To drink drams ; to indulge in the use of ar- 
dent spirit. [A low word.] 

DRAM'-DRINK-ER, n. One who habitually drinks spirits. 

* DRa'MA or DRa'MA, n. [Gr. fyaua.] A poem or compo 
sition representing a picture of human life, and accom- 
modated to action. The principal species of the drama 
are tragedy and comedy ; inferior species are tragi-comedy, 
opera, &c. 

DRA-MATIG, 1 a. Pertaining to the drama ; represent- 

DRA-MATI-G-AL, J edby action ; theatrical ; not narrative. 

DRA-MATTG-AL-LY, adv. By representation ; in the man^ 
ner of the drama. — Dryden. 

DRAM'A-TIS PERSONS. [L.] Actors representing the 
characters in a play. 

DRAM'A-TIST, n. The author of a dramatic composition; 
a writer of plays. — Burnet. 

DRAM'A-TlZE, v. t. To compose in the form of the drama ; 
or to give_to a composition the form of a play. 

DRAM'A-TlZ.ED, pp. Composed in the form of a play. 

DRAM'A-TlZ-ING, ppr. Composing in the form of a play. 

DR AM'A-TUR-G Y, n. A term from German writers, denoting 
the science or art of dramatic poetry and representation. 

DRANK, pret. and pp. of drink. 

DRANK, n. A term for wild oats. — Encyc. 

DR'AP (dra), n. [Fr.] Cloth ; as, drop d'ete (-da-ta'), cloth for 
summer wear, &c. 

t DRaPE, v. t. [Fr. draper.] To make cloth ; also, to banter. 

D RaPED (drapt), a. Having on drapery. 

DRa'PER, n. [Fr. drapitr.] One who sells cloth ; a dealer 
in cloths. 

DRI'PER- Y, n. [Fr. draperie.] 1. Cloth-work ; the trade of 
making cloth. 2. Cloth ; stuffs of wool. 3. Hangings, cur- 
tains, tapestry, &c. — 4. In sculpture and painting, the rep- 
resentation of the clothing or dress of human figures, &c. 

t DRI'PET, n. Cloth ; coverlet. 

DRASTIC, a. [Gr. dpaoriKoS-] Powerful ; acting with 
strength or violence ; as, a drastic purge. 

DRaUGH (draf). See Draff. 

DRAUGHT (draft), n. 1. The act of drawing ; as, an animal 
good for draught. 2. The quality of being drawn ; as, easy 
of draught. 3. The drawing of liquor into the mouth and 
throat; the act of drinking. 4. The quantity of liquor 
drank at once. 5. The act of delineating or that which ia 
delineated ; a representation by lines, as the figure of a 
house, a machine, a fort, &c, described on paper. 6. Rep- 
resentation by picture; figure painted or drawn by the 
pencil. 7. The act of drawing a net ; a sweeping for fish. 
8. That which is taken by sweeping with a net 9. The 
drawing or bending of a bow ; the act of shooting with a 
bow and arrow. 10. The act of drawing men from a mil- 
itary band, army, or post ; also, the forces drawn ; a de- 
tachment [See Draft.] 11. A sink or drain.— Matt., xv. 
12. An order for the payment of money ; a bill of ex- 
change. [See Draft.] 13. The depth of water necessary 
to float a ship, or the depth a 6hip sinks in the water, es- 
pecially when I»den. — 14. In England, a small allowance 
on weightable goods, made by the kiijg to the importer, or 
by the seller to the buyer, to insure full weight 15. A 
sudden attack or drawing on an enemy; [unusual.] 16 
A writing composed. — 17. A sinapism ; a mild vesicatory 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this. ' t Obsolete. 



DRA 



326 



URE 



DRXUGHT (draft), v. t. To draw out ; to call forth. See 
Draft. 

DRAUGHT-BOARD, n. A board on which draughts are 
played. 

DRaUGHT'-HOOKS, n. pi Large hooks of iron fixed on 
the cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side. 

DRaUGHT-HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing a plow, 
cart, or other carriage, as distinguished from a saddle- 
horse. 

DRaUGHT-HOUSE, n. A house for the reception of filth 
or waste matter. 

DRAUGHTS, n. pi. 1. A game played on a checkered board. 
— Smart ; [called checkers in America.] 2. A sinapism ; a 
mild vesicatory. 

DRXUGHTS'MAN (drafts'man), n. 1. A man who draws 
writings or designs, or one who is skilled in such draw- 
ings. 2. One who drinks drams ; a tippler. 

I DRa VE. The old participle of drive ; now drove. 

DRAW, v. t. ; pret. drew ; pp. drawn. [Sax. dragan ; L. tra- 
ho.] 1. To pull along ; to haul ; to cause to move for- 
ward by force applied in advance of the thing moved, or 
at the fore-end, as by a rope or chain. 2. To pull out ; to 
unsheathe. Hence, to draw the sword, is to wage war. 3. 
To bring by compulsion ; to cause to come. — James, ii., 6. 
4. To pull up or out ; to raise from any depth. 5. To 
suck. 6. To attract ; to cause to move or tend toward it- 
self. 7. To attract ; to cause to turn toward itself; to en- 
gage ; as, to draw attention. 8. To inhale ; to take air into 
the lungs. 9. To pull or take from a spit. 10. To take 
from a cask or vat ; to cause or to sutler a liquid to run 
out. 11. To take a liquid from the body ; to let out. 12. 
To take from an oven. 13. To cause to slide, as a curtain, 
either in closing or unclosing ; to open or unclose and dis- 
cover, or to close and conceal. 14. To extract, as spirit 
from grain. 15. To produce ; to bring, as an agent or ef- 
ficient cause ; usually followed by a modifying word ; as, 
to draw down favors or curses. 16. To move gradually or 
6lowly ; to extend. 17. To lengthen ; to extend in length. 
18. To utter in a lingering manner, as a sigh. 19. To run 
or extend, by marking or forming. 20. To represent by 
lines drawn on a plain surface ; to form a picture or im- 
age. 21. To describe ; to represent by words. 22. To 
represent in fancy ; to image in the mind. 23. To derive ; 
to have or receive from some source, cause, or donor ; as, 
to draw support. 24. To deduce. 25. To allure ; to en- 
tice ; to lead by persuasion or moral influence ; to excite 
to motion, as followers. 26. To lead, as a motive ; to in- 
duce to move. 27. To induce ; to persuade ; to attract 
toward ; [in a very general sense.] 28. To win ; to gain. — 
Shak. 29. To receive or take, as from a fund. 30. To 
bear; to produce, as interest. 31. To extort; to force 
out ; as, to draw tears. 32. To wrest ; to distort. — Whit- 
gift. 33. To compose ; to write in due form ; to form in 
writing. 34. To take out of a box or wheel, as tickets in 
a lottery. 35. To receive or gain by drawing. 36. To ex- 
tend ; to stretch ; as, to draw wire. 37. To sink into the 
water ; or to require a certain depth of water for floating. 
38. To bend. — Isaiah, lxvi., 19. 39. To eviscerate ; to pull 
out the bowels. — King. 40. To withdraw. — Shak. ; [not 
used.] 

To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for ex- 
portation. — To draw in. 1. To collect ; to apply to any 
purpose by violence. 2. To contract ; to pull to a smaller 
compass; to pull back. 3. To entice, allure, or inveigle. 
— To draw off. 1. To draw from or away ; also, to with- 
draw ; to abstract. 2. To draw or take from ; to cause to 
flow from. 3. To extract by distillation. — To draw on. 

1. To allure ; to entice ; to persuade or cause to follow. 

2. To occasion ; to invite ; to bring on ; to cause. — To 
draw over. 1. To raise, or cause to come over, as in a 
still. 2. To persuade or induce to revolt from an oppos- 
ing party, and to join one's own party. — To draw out. 1. 
To lengthen ; to stretch by force ; to extend. 2. To beat 
or hammer out ; to extend or spread by beating, as a met- 
al. 3. To lengthen in time ; to protract ; to cause to con- 
tinue. — Ps. lxxxv., 5. 4. To cause to issue forth ; to draw 
off, as liquor from a cask. 5. To extract, as the spirit of a 
substance. 6. To bring forth ; as, to draw one out, to draw 
out facts ; to pump out by questioning or address ; to 
cause to be declared or brought to light. 7. To induce 
by motive ; to call forth. 8. To detach ; to separate from 
the main body. 9. To arrange in battle; to array in a 
line, as an army. — To draw together, to collect or be col- 
lected. — To draw up. 1. To raise ; to lift ; to elevate. 2. 
To form in order of battle ; to array. 3. To compose in 
due form, as a writing ; to form in writing. 

DRAW, v. i. 1. To pull; to exert strength Vi drawing. 2. 
To act as a weight. 3. To shrink ; to Contract into a 
smaller compass. 4. To move ; to advance. 5. To be 
filled or inflated with wind, so as to press on aad advance 
a ship in her course. 6. To unsheatbe a sword. 7. To 
use or practice the art of delineating figures. 8. To col- 
lect the matter of an ulcer or abscess ; to cause to suppu- 



rate ; to excite to inflammation, maturation, and discharge 
as, a blister draws well. 

To draw back. 1. To retire ; to move back ; to withdraw 
to recede. 2. To renounce the faith ; to apostatize. — To 
draw near or nigh, to approach ; to come near. — To draw 
off, to retire ; to retreat. — To draw on. 1. To advance ; tc 
approach. 2. To gain on ; to approach in pursuit. 3. To 
demand payment by an order or bill, called a drajt. — To 
draw up, to form in regular order. 

DRAW, n. 1. The act of drawing. 2. The lot or chance 
drawn. 3. That part of a bridge which is either raised or 
drawn aside. 

DRAW-BRED&E, n. A bridge which may be raised up, let 
down, or drawn aside to admit or hinder communication. 

DRAW-NET, n. A net for catching the larger sorts of 
birds, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes. 

DRAW-WELL, n. A deep well, from which water is drawn 
by a long cord or pole. 

DRAWA-BLE, a. That may be drawn.— More. 

DRAWBACK, n. Money paid back or remitted to an im- 
porter on the exportation of goods. — 2. In a popular sense.. 
any loss of advantage, or deduction from profit. 

DRAW-EE', n. The person on whom an order or bill of ex 
change is drawn ; the payer of a bill of exchange. 

DRAWER, n. 1. One who draws or pulls ; one who takes 
water from a well ; one who draws liquors from a cask. 
2. That which draws or attracts, or has the power of at- 
traction. 3. He who draws a bill of exchange, or an or- 
der for the payment of money. 4. A sliding box in a case 
or table, which is drawn at pleasure. — 5. Drawers, in the 
plural, a close, under-garment, worn on the lower limbs. 

DRAWING, ppr. Pulling ; hauling ; attracting ; delineating, 

DRAWING, n. 1. The act of pulling, hauling, or attract- 
ing. 2. A representation of the appearance or figures of 
objects on a plain surface by means of lines and shades, 
as with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c. ; delinea- 
tion. 3. The distribution of prizes and blanks in a lottery. 

DRAWING-MASTER, n. One who teaches the art of 
drawing. 

DRAWING-ROOM, n. 1. Properly, withdrawing-room, a 
room appropriated for the reception of company. 2. The 
formal reception of evening company at a court, or by 
persons in high station. 3. The company assembled in a 
drawing-room. 

DRAWL, v. t. [D. draalen.] To utter words in a slow, 
lengthened tone. 

DRAWL, v. i. To speak with slow, prolonged utterance. 

DRAWL, n. A lengthened utterance of the voice. 

DRAWL'ING, ppr. or a. Uttering words slowly. 

DRAWL'ING-LY, adv. In a drawling manner. 

DRAWN, pp. or a. 1. Pulled ; hauled ; allured ; attracted , 
delineated ; extended ; extracted ; derived ; deduced , 
written. 2. Equal, where each party takes his own stake 
as, a drawn game. 3. Having equal advantage, and nei 
ther party a victory ; as, a drawn battle. 4. With a sword 
drawn. — Shak. 5. Moved aside, as a curtain ; unclosed, or 
closed. 6. Eviscerated. — Shak. 7. In a diffused or melted 
state ; as, drawn butter. 8. Induced, as by a motive. — 
Drawn and quartered, drawn on a sled, and cut into quar- 
ters. 

DRAWN-BATTLE, n. A battle from which the parties 
withdraw, without the victory lying with either. 

DRAWN-BUTTER, n. Melted butter. 

DRAWPLaTE, n. A steel plate having a gradation of con- 
ical holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced 
and elongated. 

DRaY, n. [Sax drcege.] 1. Alow cart or carriage on wheels, 
drawn by a horse. 2. A sled. 

DRaY'-€aRT, n. A dray. 

DRaY'-HORSE, n. A horse used for drawing a dray. 

DRaY'-MAN, n. A man who attends a dray. 

DRIY'-PLOUGH \ n - A P articular kind of P low - 

DRAZ'EL (drazl), n. A dirty woman ; a slut. [This is a 
vulgar word ; in New England pronounced droz'l.] 

DReAD (dred), n. [Sax. dreed.] 1. Great fear or apprehen 
sion of evil or danger. 2. Fear, united with respect. 3 
Fear of destruction ; as, dread of death. 4. The cause ot 
fear ; the person or the thing dreaded. — Syn. Awe ; af- 
fright ; fright ; terror ; horror. 

DReAD (dred), a. Exciting great fear or apprehension. — 
Shak. 2. Terrible; frightful.— Shak. 3. Awful; venera- 
ble in the highest degree. 

DReAD (dred), v. t. To fear in a great degree. 

DREAD, v. i. To be in great fear. 

DReAD'-BoLTED, a. Having bolts to be dreaded, aa 
dread-bolted thunder. — Shak. 

DReAD'-NAUGHT (dred'nawt), n. 1. A thick cloth with a 
long pile, used for warm clothing, or to keep off rain. 2. 
A garment made of such cloth. 

DRE^jJ A-BLE, a. That is to be dreaded. [Not used.] 

DReAD'ED (dred'ed), pp. or a. Feared. 

DReaD'ER, n. One who fears, or fives in fear.— Swift. 



* See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR F LL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD;— M5VE, BQQK 



DRE 



327 



DRI 



DREADTUL (dred'ful), a. 1. Impressing great fear. 2. In- 
spiring awe or veneration. — Syn. Fearful ; formidable ; 
frightful ; tremendous ; terrible ; terrific ; horrible ; hor- 
rid; awful; venerable. 

DReAD'FUL-LY, adv. Terribly ; in a manner to be dreaded. 

DReAD'FUL-NESS, n. Terribleness ; the quality of being 
dreadful ; frightfulness. 

DREAD'LESS (dredles), a. Fearless; bold; not intimida- 
ted ; undaunted ; free from fear or terror ; intrepid. 

DReAD'LESS-NESS, n. Fearlessness ; undauntedness ; 
freedom from fear or terror ; boldness. 

DReAM, n. [D. droom.\ 1. The thought or series of thoughts 
of a person in sleep. — 2. In Scripture, dreams were some- 
times impressions on the minds of sleeping persons, made 
by divine agency. — Gen., xx., 3. 3. A vain fancy ; a wild 
conceit ; an unfounded suspicion. 

DReAM, v. i. ; pret. dreamed, or dreamt. [D. droomen.] 1. 
To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep. 

2. To think ; to imagine ; as, he did not dream of such a 
result. 3. To think idly.— Locke. 

DReAM, v. t. To see in a dream. Dry den. — To dream away, 
to_ waste in idle thoughts ; as, to dream away one's time. 

DReAM'ER, n. 1. One who dreams. 2. A fanciful man ; 
a visionary; one who forms or entertains vain schemes. 

3. A man lost in wild imagination ; a mope ; a sluggard. 
DReAM'FUL, a. Full of dreams, — Johnson. 
DREAMING, ppr. Having thoughts or ideas in sleep. 
DReAM'ING-LY, adv. Sluggishly ; negligently.— Huloet. 
DREAM'LESS, a. Free from dreams. — Camden. 
DReAM'LESS-LY, adv. In a dreamless manner. 
DReAMT (dremt), pp. From dream. 

DReAM'Y, a. Full of dreams. 

tDReAR, n. Dread; dismalness. — Spenser. 

DReAR, a. [Sax. dreorig.] Dismal; gloomy with solitude. 

t DReAR'1-HeAD, n. Dismalness ; gloominess. — Spenser. 

DReAR'I-LY, adv. Gloomily; dismally. — Spenser. 

tDREARI-MENT, n. Dismalness; terror. 

DReAR'I-NESS, n. Dismalness ; gloomy solitude. 

DRE ARY, a. [Sax. dreorig.] 1. Dismal ; gloomy ; solitary. 

2. Sorrowful; distressing. 
DREDGE, n. [Fr. drege.] 1. A drag-net for taking oysters, 

&c. 2. A mixture of oats and barley sown together. 
DREDGE, v. t. 1. To take, catch, or gather with a dredge. 

2. To deepen with a dredging-machine. 

DREDGE, v. t. To sprinkle flour on meat while roasting. 

DREDGED (drejd),^p. Caught or gathered with a dredge; 
deepened with a dredging-machine ; sprinkled, as flour on 
roasting meat. 

DREDg'ER, n. 1. One who fishes with a dredge. 2. A 
utensil for scattering Hour on meat while roasting. A 
dredging-machine, which see. 

DREDGING, ppr. or a. Catching with a dredge ; deepen- 
ing with a dredging-machine ; sprinkling with flour. 

DREDG'ING, n. The act of catching with a dredge, deep- 
ening with a dredging-machine, or sprinkling with flour. 

DREDG'ING-BOX, n. A box used for dredging meat. 

DREDg'ING-MA-cHiNE' (-ma-sheen'), n. An engine used 
to take up mud or gravel from the bottom of rivers, docks, 
&c. 

tDREE, v. t. [Sax. dreah.] To suffer.— Ray. It was also 
used intransitively for to continue in life. 

DREG'GI-NESS, n. Fullness of dregs or lees ; foulness ; 
feculence. 

DREG'GISH, a. Full of dregs ; foul with lees ; feculent. 

DREG'GY, a. Containing dregs or lees ; consisting of dregs ; 
foul; muddy; feculent. 

DREGS, n. pi. [Sw. drdgg.] 1. The sediment of liquors ; 
lees ; grounds ; feculence ; any foreign matter of liquors 
that subsides to the bottom of a vessel. 2. Waste or worth- 
less matter ; dross ; sweepings ; refuse. Hence, the most 
vile and despicable part ; as, the dregs of the community. 

DREIN. See Drain. 

DRENCH, v. t. [Sax. drencean.] 1. To wet thoroughly ; to 
fill or cover with water or other liquid. 2. To saturate 
with drink. 3. To purge violently.— Syn. To soak ; steep ; 
imbrue. 

DRENCH, n. A draught; a swill ; hence, a large portion of 
liquid medicine given to an animal by pouring down the 
throat. Hence, a dose of physic to be forced down the 
throat. 

DRENCHED (drencht), pp. or a. Soaked ; thoroughly wet ; 
purged with a dose. 

DRENCH'ER, n. One who wets or steeps ; one who gives 
a drench to a beast. 

DRENCHING, ppr. or a. Wetting thoroughly ; soaking ; 
purging. 

\ DRENT, pp. Drenched.— Spenser. 

DRESS, v. t. ; pret. and pp. dressed, or drest. [Fr. dresser.] 
1. To make straight or a straight line ; to adjust to a right 
line ; as in the phrase, dress your ranks. 2. To adjust ; to 
put in good order ; as, to dress (i. e., cultivate) a garden. 

3. To put in good order, as a wounded limb ; to cleanse a 
wound, and to apply medicaments. 4. To prepare, in a 



general sense ; to put in the condition desired , to make 
suitable or fit ; as, to dr&s food, leather, woolens, &c. 5. 
To curry, rub, and comb. 6. To put the body in order, or 
in a suitable condition ; to put on clothes. 7. To put on 
rich garments. — To dress up, is to clothe pompously or el- 
egantly. — To dress a ship, to ornament with colors on daya 
of rejoicing. — Syn. To attire; apparel; clothe; accouter; 
array ; robe ; rig ; trim ; deck ; adorn ; embellish. 

DRESS, v. i. 1. To arrange in a line. 2. To pay particular 
regard to dress or raiment. 

DRESS, n. 1. That which is used as the covering or orna- 
ment of the body. 2. A suit of clothes. 3. A lady's gown. 
4. Splendid clothes ; habit of ceremony. 5. Skill in ad- 
justing dress, or the practice of wearing elegant clothing. 
Pope. — Syn. Apparel; raiment; clothing; clothes; vest- 
ments ; garments ; habiliments ; accouterments ; attire , 
array; riabit. 

DRESS'-MaK-ER,, n. A maker of gowns, or similar gar- 
ments ; a mantua-maker. 

DRESSED (drest), pp. Adjusted; made straight, put in 
order; prepared; trimmed; tilled; clothed; adorned; 
attired. 

DRESS'ER, n. 1. One who dresses ; one who is employed 
in putting on clothes and adorning another ; one who is 
employed in preparing, trimming, or adjusting any thing. 
2. [Fr. dressoir.] A table or bench on which meat and 
other things are dressed or prepared for use. 

DRESSING, ppr. Adjusting to a line ; putting in order , 
preparing ; clothing ; embellishing ; cultivating. 

DRESSING, n. 1. Raiment; attire. — BenJonson. 2. That 
which is used as an application to a wound or sore. 3. 
That which is used in preparing land for a crop ; manure 
spread over land. — 4. In popular language, correction ; a 
flogging, or beating. — 5. In cookery, the stuffing of fowls, 
pigs, &c. 6. A term applied to gum, 6tarch, and other ar- 
ticles used in stiffening or preparing silk, linen, and other 
fabrics. Brande. — 7. In architecture, dressings are mold- 
ings round doors, windows, &c. — Brande. 

DRESS'lNG-GOWN, n. A light gown used by a person 



while dressing. 
DRESSTNG-ROOM, n. 

dressing the person. 
DRESSTNG-Ti'BLE, n. 



An apartment appropriated for 



A toilet; a table provided with 
conveniences for a person's adjusting a dress. 
DRESSY, a. Showy in dress ; wearing rich or showy 



DREST, pp. of dress. 

DREuL (drule), v. i. To emit saliva ; to suffer saliva to is- 
sue and flow down from the mouth. See Drool. 

DRIB, v. t. To crop or cut off; to defalcate. — Dry den. 

DRIB, n. A drop.— Swift. [Not used.] 

DRIB'BLE, (dribl), v. i. 1. To fall in drops or small drops, 
or in a quick succession of drops. 2. To slaver as a child 
or an idiot. 3. To fall weakly and slowly. 

DRIB'BLE, v. t. To throw down in drops.— Swift. 

DRIB'BLET, n. [W. rhib.] A small piece or part ; a small 
sum ; odd money in a sum. 

DRIB'BLING, ppr. or a. Falling in drops or small drops. 

DRIB'BLING, n. A falling in drops. 

DRIED, pp. or a. (from dry.) Freed from moisture or sap. 

DRl'ER, n. That which has the quality of drying ; that 
which may expel or absorb moisture ; a desiccative. 

DRIFT, n. [Dan. drift] 1. That which is driven by wind 
or water. 2. A heap of any matter driven together. 3. 
A driving ; a force impelling or urging forward ; impulse ; 
overbearing power or influence ; as, the drift of a passion. 
• — South. 4. Course of any thing ; main force ; as, the 
drift of a speech. 5. Any thing driven by force. — Dry den. 
6. A shower ; a number of things driven at once. Shah. 
— 7. In mining, a passage cut between shaft and shaft ; a 
passage within the earth. — 8. In navigation, the angle 
which the line of a ship's motion makes with the nearest 
meridian when she drives with her side to the wind and 
waves. Also, the distance the ship drives on that line. 
9. The drift of a current is its angle and velocity.— 10. In 
geology, a term applied to earth and rocks which have 
been drifted by water and deposited over a country while 
submerged; also called diluvium.— 11. In architecture, the 
horizontal force which an arch exerts, tending to overset 
the piers.— Syn. Impulse ; tendency ; aim ; scope. 

DRIFT, v. i. 1. To accumulate in heaps by the force of 
wind'; to be driven into heaps. 2. To float or be driven 
along by a current of water. 

DRIFT, v. t. To drive into heaps. 

DRIFT'-SaIL, n. In navigation, a sail used under water, 
veered out right ahead by sheets. 

DRIFT'-WaY, n. A common way for driving cattle in. 

DRIFT'-WiND, n. A driving wind ; a wind that drives 
things into heaps. 

DRIFT-WOOD, n. Wood drifted or floated by water. 

DRIFTED, pp. or a. Driven along ; driven into heaps. 

DRIFTING, ppr. Driving by force ; driving into heaps 

DRIFTING, n. The act of drifting; a drift. 



D6VE;— BULL UNITE •— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.-€ as KT^Tas J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this.' t Obsolete, 



DRI 



328 



DRO 



DRILL, v. t. [Sax. thirlian ; G. and D. drillen.] 1. To pierce 
with a drill ; to perforate by turning a sharp-pointed in- 
strument of a particular form ; to bore and make a hole 
by turning an instrument. 2. To draw on ; to entice ; to 
amuse and put oif ; [inelegant.'] 3. To draw on from step 
to step ; [inelegant.] 4. To draw through ; to drain. 
Thomson. — 5. In a military sense, to teach and train raw 
soldiers to their duty by frequent exercise. Hence, to 
teach any persons by repeated exercise or repetition of 
acts. — 6. In husbandry, to sow grain in rows, drills, or 
channels. 

DRILL, v. i. 1. To sow in drills. 2. To flow gently. 3. 
To muster for exercise. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

DRILL, n. 1. A pointed instrument, used for boring holes, 
particularly in metals and other hard substances. 2. An 
ape or baboon. — Locke. 3. The act of training soldiers to 
their duty. 4. A small stream ; now called a rill. — 5. In 
husbandry, a row of grain, sowed by a drill-plow. 

DRILL'-BoW, n. A small bow whose string is used for 
the purpose of rapidly turning a drill. — Brande. 

DRILL'-BOX, n. A box containing the seed for sowing. 

DRILL'-HAR'RoW, n. A small harrow used in drill-hus- 
bandry for extirpating weeds and pulverizing the earth 
between the drflls or rows. 

DRILL'-HUS'BAND-RY, %. The practice of sowing land by 
a machine in rows. 

DRILL'-PI OUGH \ n " ^ P low *° r sowin S grain ^ drills. 

DRILLJSD (drild), pp. Bored or perforated with a drill ; 
exercised ; sown in rows. 

DRILLING, ppr. Boring with a drill ; training to military 
duty ; sowing in drills. 

DRILLING, n. A coarse linen or cotton cloth, used for 
trowsers, &c. 

DRINK, v. i. ; pret. and pp. drank. Old pret. and pp. drunk ; 
pp. drunken. [Sax. drincan, drican, drycian.] 1. To swal- 
low liquor for quenching thirst or other purpose. 2. To 
take spirituous liquors to excess ; to be intemperate in 
the use of spirituous liquors ; to be a habitual drunkard. 

3. To feast ; to be entertained with liquors. Shak. — To 
drink to, to salute in drinking ; to invite to drink by drink- 
ing first. 2. To wish well to, in the act of taking the cup. 

DRINK, v. t. 1. To swallow, as liquids ; to receive, as a 
fluid, into the stomach. 2. To suck in ; to absorb ; to im- 
bibe. 3. To take in by any inlet ; to hear ; to see. — Pope. 

4. To take in air ; to inhale. 

To drink down, is to act on by drinking ; to reduce or sub- 
due. Shak. — To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught. 
— To drink in, to absorb ; to take or receive into any inlet. 
— To drink up, to drink the whole. — To drink health, or to 
the health, a customary civility, in which a person, at taking 
a glass or cup, expresses his respect or kind wishes for 
another. 

DRINK, n. Liquor to be swallowed ; any fluid to be taken 
into the stomach , beverage ; potion. 

DRINK'-M6N'EY (-mun'ny), n. Money given to buy liquor 
for drink. 

DRINK'A-BLE, a. That may be drank ; fit or suitable for 
drink ; potable. 

DRINK'A-BLE, n. A liquor that may be drank. 

DRINK'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being drinkable. 

DRINK'ER, n. One who drinks, particularly one who prac- 
tices drinking spirituous liquors to excess ; a drunkard ; a 
tippler. 

DRINKING, ppr. Swallowing liquor ; sucking in ; absorb- 
ing. 

DRINKING, a. Connected with the use of ardent spirits ; 
as, drinking usages ; making a free use of liquor. 

DRINKING, n. 1. The act of swallowing liquors, or of ab- 
sorbing. 2. The practice of drinking to excess. 

DRINKING-HORN, n. A horn cup, such as our rude an- 
cestors used. 

DRIN KING-HOUSE, n. A house frequented by tipplers ; 
an ale-house. 

DRINKLESS, a. Destitute of drink.— Chaucer. 

DRIP, v. i. [Sax. drypan, driopan, dropian.] 1. To fall in 
drops. 2. To have any liauid falling from it in drops. 

DRIP, v. t. To let fall in drops. 

DRIP, n. 1. A falling in drops, or that which falls in drops ; 
as, the drip of a house. 2. The edge of a roof ; the eaves ; 
a large flat member of the cornice. 

DRIP'-SToNE, n. A projecting tablet or molding over the 
heads of door- ways, windows, &c, to throw oft rain. 

DRIPPED (dript), pp. Let fall in drops. 

DRIP'PING, ppr. Falling or letting fall in drops. 

DRIP'PING, n. The fat which falls from meat in roasting ; 
that which falls in drops. 

DRIP'PING-PAN, n. A pan for receiving the fat which 
drips from meat in roasting. 

t DRIP'PLE, a. Weak or rare. 

DRIVE, v. t. ; pret. drove, [formerly drave ;] pp. driven. 
[Sax. drifan.] 1. To impel or urge forward by force ; to 
force ; to move by physical force. 2. To compel or urge 



forward by other means than absolute physical force, or 
by means that compel the will ; as, to drive to despera- 
tion. 3. To chase ; to hunt ; to pursue. 4. To impel a 
team of horses or oxen to move forward, and to direct 
their course ; hence, to guide or regulate the course of 
the carriage drawn by them. 5. To take on a drive or in 
a carriage. 6. To impel to greater speed. 7. To clear 
any place by forcing away what is in it. — Dryden. 8. To 
force ; to compel ; in a general sense. 9. To hurry on in- 
considerately : often with on. In this sense it is more 
generally intransitive. 10. To distress; to straiten. 1L 
To impel by the influence of passion. 12. To urge ; to 
press, as an argument. 13. To impel by moral influence ; 
to compel. 14. To carry on ; to prosecute ; to keep in 
motion. 15. To make light by motion or agitation. — Shak. 

To drive away, to force to remove to a distance ; to expel ; 
to dispel ; to scatter. — To drive off, to compel to remove 
from a place ; to expel ; to drive to a distance. — To drive 
out, to expel. 

DRIVE, v. i. 1. To be forced along ; to be impelled ; to be 
moved by any physical force or agent ; as, a vessel driven 
before the storm. 2. To rush and press with violence. 3. 
To pass in a carriage. 4. To aim at or tend to ; to urge 
toward a point ; to make an effort to reach or obtain, a3 
an object or end. 5. To aim a blow ; to strike at with 
force. — Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent 
action. It is opposed to lead. 

DRIVE, n. An excursion in a carnage for exercise or 
pleasure. — In England, it is distinguished from a ride, 
which is taken on horseback. — Boswell. 

DB.I VEL (drivT), v. i. 1. To slaver ; to let spittle drop or 
flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot, or dotard. 2. To 
be weak or foolish ; to dote. — Dryden. 

DRIVEL, n. 1. Slaver ; saliva flowing from the mouth. 2. 
A driveler ; a fool ; an idiot ; [not used.] 

DRI V.EL-ER (drivl-er), n. A slaverer ; a slabberer ; an id 
iot ; a fool. 

DRIVEL-1NG (drivl-ing), n. A course of weak, contempt- 
ible action or conduct. 

DRIV'jEL-ING, ppr. or a. Slavering ; foolish. 

DRIVEN (driv'n), pp. Urged forward by force ; impelled 
to move ; constrained by necessity. 

DRIVER, n. 1. One who drives ; the person or thing that 
urges or compels any thing else to move. 2. The person 
who drives beasts. 3. The person who drives a carriage 
one who conducts a team. 4. A large sail occasionally 
set on the mizzen-yard or gaff, the foot being extended 
over the stern by a boom. — 5. In machinery, that which 
communicates motion to something else, as a wheel ; used, 
also, in composition, as in screw-driver. 6. A substance in- 
terposed between the driving instrument and the thing 
driven. A cooper drives hoops by striking on the driver. 

DRIVING, ppr. Urging forward by force ; impelling ; tak- 
ing a drive. 

DRIVING, a. Having great force of impulse ; as, a driving 
storm. 

DRIVING, to. 1. The act of impelling. 2. Tendency. 

DRIZ'ZLE, v. i. [G. rieseln.] To rain in small drops ; to 
fall as water from the clouds in very fine particles. 

DRIZ'ZLE, v. t. To shed in small drops or particles. — Shak. 

DRIZ'ZLE, n. A small rain. 

DRIZ'ZL£D, pp. Shed or thrown down in small drops or 
particles. 

DRIZ'ZLING, ppr. or a. Falling in fine drops or particles 
shedding in small drops or particles. 

DRIZ'ZLING, n. The falling of rain or snow in small drops. 

DRIZ'ZLY, a. Shedding small rain, or small particles of 
snow. 

DROCK, n. Part of a plow. [Local.] 

DROG'MAN and DROG'O-MAN. SeeDKAGOMAN. 

DROIL, v. i. [D. druilen.] To work sluggishly or slowly ; 
to plod. — Spenser ; [not much used.] 

DROIL, n. A mope ; a drone ; a drudge. 

DROIT, n. [Fr.] 1. Right; the law; title; fee; privilege. 2. 
a. Straight; right. 

DROLL, a. [Fr. drole.] Causing mirth or laughter. — Syn. 
Comic ; comical ; farcical ; diverting ; arch ; waggish ; 
queer ; odd ; facetious ; merry ; laughable ; ludicrous. 

DRoLL, n. 1. One whose occupation or practice is to raise 
mirth by odd tricks ; a jester ; a buffoon. 2. A farce , 
something exhibited to raise mirth or sport. 

DRoLL, v. i. To jest ; to play the buffoon. — South. 

DRoLL, v. t. To cheat. — L' Estrange. 

DRoLL'ER, n. A jester ; a buffoon. — Glanville. 

DRoLL'ER-Y, n. 1. Sportive tricks ; buffoonery ; comical 
stories ; gestures, manners, or tales adapted to raise mirth. 
2._A puppet-show. — Shak. 

DRoLL'ING, 7?, Low wit; buffoonery. 

DRoLLING-LY, adv. In a jesting manner. 

DRoLL'ISH, a. Somewhat droll. 

DR6M'E-DA-RY (drum'e-der-ry), n. [Fr. dromadaire.) 1. A 
species of camel, called, also, the Arabian camel, with one 
bunch or protuberance on the back, in distinction from 



See Synopsis. A, E I &c, long.—X., E, I, &c . short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE BOOK 



DRO 



329 



DRU 



the Bactrian camel, which has two bunches. 2. Any quick- 
traveling camel. 

DRoNE, n. [Sax. drane, drcen.] 1. The male of the honey- 
bee, which makes no honev. It is smaller than the queen 
bee, but larger than the working bee. 2. An idler ; one 
who earns nothing by industry. 3. A humming or low 
sound, or the instrument of humming. 4. The largest tube 
of the bagpipe, which emits a continued deep note. 

DRoNE, v. i. 1. To live in idleness. 2. To give a low, 
heavy, dull sound. — Dryden. 

DRoNE'-FLt, n. A two-winged insect, resembling the 
drone bee. 

DRoN'ING, n. Dull, driveling utterance. — Swift. 

DRoNlNG, ppr. Living in idleness ; giving a dull sound. 

DRoN'ISH, a. Idle ; sluggish ; lazy ; indolent ; inactive ; 
slow. — Rowe. 

DRoN'ISH-LY, adv. In a dronish manner. 

DRoN'ISH-NESS, n. State of being dronish ; inactivity. 

DROOL, v. t. To drivel or drop saliva This word, which, 
according to Holloway, is provincial in England, is a fa- 
miliar nursmg word in America ; as, the child drools. 

DROOP, v. i. [Sax. drepan.] 1. To sink cr hang down ; to 
lean downward, as a body that is weak or languishing. 2. 
To languish or pine from grief or other cause. 3. To fail 
or sink; to decline. 4. To faint; to grow weak; to be 
dispirited. 

DROOPED (droo-pt), pp. Languished; grown weak. 

DROOP'ING, ppr. or a. Sinking ; hanging or leaning down- 
ward; declining; languishing; failing. 

DROOP'ING-LY, adv. In a drooping manner. 

DROP, n. [Sax. aropa.] 1. A small portion of any fluid in a 
spherical form, which falls at once from any body, or a 
globule of any fluid which is pendent, as if about to fall ; 
a small portion of water falling in rain. 2. A diamond 
hanging from the ear ; an ear-ring ; something hanging in 
the form of a drop. 3. A very small quantity of liquor. 
4. The part of a gallows which sustains the criminal be- 
fore he is executed, and which is suddenly dropped. 

DROP, v. t. [Sax. dropian.] 1. To pour or let fall in small 
portions or globules, as a fluid ; to distill. 2. To let fall, 
as any substance. 3. To let go ; to dismiss ; to lay aside ; 
to quit ; to leave ; to permit to subside ; as, to drop the 
subject 4. To utter slightly, briefly, or casually ; as, to 
drop a remark. 5. To insert indirectly, incidentally, or by 
way of digression. 6. To lay aside ; to dismiss from pos- 
session. 7. To leave ; as, to drop a parcel at the door. 8. 
To set down and leave, as a passenger. 9. To quit ; to 
sutler to cease ; as, to drop one's acquaintance. 10. To let 
go ; to dismiss from association. 11. To suffer to end or 
come to nothing. 12. To bedrop ; to speckle ; to variegate, 
as if by sprinkling with drops. — Milton. 13. To lower. 

DROP, v. i. 1. To distill ; to fall in small portions, globules, 
or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let drops fall ; to discharge 
itself in drops. 3. To fall ; to descend suddenly or ab- 
ruptly. 4. To fall spontaneously. 5. To die, or to die 
suddenly. 6. To come to an end ; to cease ; to be neglect- 
ed and come to nothing. 7. To come unexpectedly; "with 
in or into. 8. To fall short of a mark ; [not usual] 9. To 
fall lower. 10. To be deep in extent. 

To drop astern, in seamen's language, is to pass or move to- 
ward the stern ; to move back ; or to slacken the velocity 
of a vessel to let another pass beyond her. — To drop down, 
in seamen's language, is to sail, row, or move down a riv- 
er, or toward the sea. 

DROP'-SCeNE, n. In theatres, a curtain suspended by pul- 
leys, which descends or drops in front of the stage. 

DROP'-SE-ReNE', n. [L. gutta serena.] A disease of the eye; 
amaui-osis, or blindness from a diseased retina. — Milton. 

DROP'-SToNE, n. Spar in the shape of drops. 

DROP'-W6RT (wurt), n. A British flowering herb, called, 
also, queen of the meadow. The water and hemlock drop- 
wort are poisonous herbs. 

DROP'LET, n. A little drop.— Shak. 

DROPPED, pp. Let fall ; distilled ; laid aside ; dismissed ; 
let go : suffered to subside ; sprinkled or variegated. 

DROP'PING, ppr. or a. Falling in globules ; distilling ; fall- 
ing; laying aside ; dismissing; quitting; suffering to rest 
or subside ; variegating with ornaments like drops. — A 
dropping fire, in military affairs, is a constant, irregular dis- 
charge of small arms. 

DROP'PING, n. 1. The act of dropping ; a distilling ; a fall- 
ing. 2. That which drops. 

DROP'PING-LY, adv. By drops.— Huloet. 

DROPS, n. pi. In medicine, a liquid remedy, the dose of 
which is regulated by a certain number of drops. 

DROP'SI€-AL, a. 1. Diseased with dropsy ; hydropical ; 
inclined to the dropsy; [used of persons.] 2. Partaking of 
the nature of the dropsy ; [used of disease.] 

DROP'SIED (drop'sid), a. Diseased with dropsy.— Shak. 

DROP'SY, n. [L- hydrops.] 1. In medicine, an unnatural col- 
lection of water in any part of the body, proceeding from 
a greater effusion of serum by the exhalant arteries, than 
the absorbents take up. 



DROSTvY, n. A low, four-wheeied vehicle, among the Rus- 
sians, without a top, consisting of a kind of long, narrow 
bench, on which passengers ride as on a saddle, with 
their feet reaching almost to the ground. — Baird. 

DRO-SOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. tpocos, dew, and utrpiv. measure.] 
An instrument for measuring the quantity of dew collect- 
ed on the surface of a body in the open air. 

DROSS, n. [Sax. dros.] 1. The recrement or despumation 
of metals ; the scum or extraneous matter of metals, 
thrown off in the process of melting. 2. Rust ; crust of 
metals ; an incrustation formed on metals by oxydation. 
3. Waste matter ; refuse ; any worthless matter separated 
from the better part ; impure matter. 

DROSS'I-NESS, n. Foulness ; rust ; impurity ; a state of 
being drossy. — Boyle. 

DROSS'LESS, a. Free from dross. — Stevens. 

DROSST, a. 1. Like dross ; pertaining to dross. 2. Full 
of dross ; abounding with scorious or recrementitious mat- 
ter. 3. Worthless ; foul ; impure. 

t DROTCH'EL, n. An idle wench ; a sluggard. 

DROUGHT (drout), n. [contracted from Sax. drugothe; D. 
droogte% from drigan, or drygan, to dry. The original 
word drouth, as written in the time of Bacon, is still con- 
siderably used.] 1. Dryness ; want of rain or of water ; 
particularly, dryness of the weather, which affects the 
earth, and prevents the growth of plants ; aridness ; arid- 
ity. 2. Dryness of the throat and mouth ; thirst ; want of 
drink. 

DROUGHTI-NESS, n. A state of dryness of the weather ; 
want of rain. 

DROUGHTT (droufy), a. 1. Dry, as the weather ; arid ; 
wanting rain. 2. Thirsty ; dry ; wanting drink. 

t DROUM'Y, a. Troubled ; muddy ; same'as Scottish drum- 
ly. — Bacon. Chaucer has drovy. 

DROUTH, n. 1. Dry weather. 2. Thirst This was the 
original word, and is still used in Scotland, and to some 
extent in America. 

DROUTH'I-NESS, n. Dryness ; thirst. 

DROUTHT, a. Dry; thirsty; as, "when drouthy neebors 
neebors meet." — Burns. 

DRoVE, pret. of drive. 

DRoVE, n. [Sax. drafi] 1. A collection of cattle driven ; a 
number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a 
body. 2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or 
driving forward. 3. A crowd of people in motion. 4. A 
road for driving cattle ; [English.] 

t DRoV'EN, partArora drive. 

DRoV'ER, n. 1. One who drives cattle or sheep to market 
Usually, a man who makes it his business to purchase 
fat cattle and drive them to market. 2. A boat driven by 
the tide. — Spenser. 

DROWN, v. t. [Dan. drugner.] 1. To overwhelm in water ; 
and, appropriately, to extinguish life by immersion in watei 
or other fluid; [applied to animals :] also, to suspend anima- 
tion by submersion. 2. To overwhelm in water, as plants. 
3. To overflow ; to deluge ; to inundate, as the earth. 4. 
To immerse ; to plunge and lose ; to overwhelm : as, to 
be drowned in pleasure. 5. To overwhelm ; to overpower . 
as, to drown one's cries. 

DROWN, v. i. Tc be suffocated in water or other fluid ; to 
perish in water. 

DROWNED, pp. or a. Deprived of life by immersion in a 
fluid : overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed. 

DROWN'ER, n. He or that which drowns. 

DROWNING, ppr. Destroying life by submersion in a 
liquid ; overflowing ; overwhelming. 

DROWNING, a. Perishing in water ; as, a drowning man. 

DROWSE (drowz). v. i. [Old Belgic droosen.] 1. To sleep 
imperfectly or unsoundly ; to doze ; to slumber ; to be 
heavy with sleepiness. 2. To look heavy ; to be heavy or 
dull. 

DROWSE, v. t. To make heavy with sleep ; to make dufl 
or stupid. — Milton. 

t DROWS'I-HED, n. Sleepiness.— Spenser. 

DROWS'I-LY, adv. 1. Sleepily ; heavily ; in a dull, sleepy 
manner. 2. Sluggishly ; idly ; slofhfully : lazily. 

DROWS'I-NESS, n. 1. Sleepiness ; heaviness with sleep ; 
disposition to sleep. 2. Sluggishness ; sloth ; idleness ; 
inactivity. 

DROWSY, a. 1. Inclined to sleep ; heavy with sleepiness; 
lethargic; comatose. 2. Dull; sluggish; stupid: as, drowsy 
reasoning. 3. Disposing to sleep ; lulling ; as, drowsy mur- 
murs. 

DROWST-HfiAD'ED (drowz'e-hed-ed), a. Heavy ; having 
a sluggish disposition. — Fotherby. 

DRUBfr. t. [Sw. drabba.] To beat with a stick ; to thrash ; 
to cudgel. 

DRUB, n. A blow with a stick or cudgel ; a thump ; a knock. 

DRUBBED, pp. Beat with a cudgel ; beat soundly. 

DRUBBING, ppr. Bearing with a cudgel ; beating soundly 
DRUB'BING, n. A cudgeling ; a sound beating. 
DRUDGE (druj), v. i. [Scot, drug.] To work hard ; to labor 
in mean offices ; to labor with toil and fatigue. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE •— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoUte. 



DRV 



330 



DRY 



DRUDGE, n. One who works hard, or labors with toil and 
fatigue ; one who labors hard in servile employments ; a 
slave ; a menial. 

DRUDG'ER, n. 1. A drudge. 2. A drudging-box. See 
Dredging -box. 

DRUDG'ER- Y, n. Hard labor ; toilsome work ; ignoble toil ; 
hard work in servile occupations. 

DRUDGING, ppr. Laboring hard ; toiling. 

DRUDG'ING-BOX. See Dredging-box. 

DRUDG'ING-LY, adv. With labor and fatigue ; laboriously. 

DRUG, n. [Fr. drogue.] 1. The general name of substances 
used in medicine, sold by the druggist, and compounded 
by apothecaries and physicians ; any substance, vegetable, 
animal, or mineral, which is used in the composition or 
preparation of medicines ; also applied to dyeing materi- 
als. 2. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not sala- 
ble ; an article of slow sale, or in no demand in market. 
3. A mortal drug, or a deadly drug, is poison. 4. [Scot. 
drug.] A drudge. — Shak. 

DRUG, v. i. To prescribe or administer drugs or medi- 
cines. 

DRUG, v. t. 1. To season with drugs or ingredients. 2. To 
tincture with something offensive. 3. To dose to excess 
with drugs or medicines. 

DRUG'-DAMNED, a. Condemned or detested for its drugs 
or poisons ; as, drug-damned Italy. — Shak. 

DRUGGED (drugd), pp. or a. 1. Seasoned with drugs. 2. 
Dosed with drugs. 3. Tinctured with something offensive. 

f DRUGGER, n. A druggist.— Burton. 

DRUG'GER-MAN. Set Dragoman. 

DRUG'GET, n. [Fr. droguet.] A coarse woolen cloth, thick 
and strong, stamped on one side with figures, and used as 
a covering and protection for carpets. 

DRUG'GING, ppr. 1. Seasoning with ingredients. 2. Dosing 
witb drugs. 3. Tincturing with something offensive. 

DRUG'GIST, n. [Fr. droguiste.] One who deals in drugs ; 
properly, one whose occupation is merely to buy and sell 
drugs, without compounding or preparation. — In America, 
the same person often carries on the business of the drug- 
gist and the apothecary. 

t DRUG'STER, n. A druggist.— Boijle. 

DRu'ID, n. [Ir. Draoi, formerly Drui, a magician, a Druid.] 
A priest or minister of religion, among the ancient Celtic 
nations, in Gaul, Britain, and Germany. 

DRu'ID-ESS, n. A female Druid. 

DRU-ID'IC, ? 

DRU-ID'I€-AL, 5 

DRu'ID-ISH, a. Pertaining to or like Druids. 

DRu'ID-ISM, n. The system of religion, philosophy, and in- 
struction taught by the Druids ; or their doctrines, rites, 
and ceremonies. 

DRUM, n. [D. trom, trommel.'] 1. A martial instrument of 
music, in form of a hollow cylinder, and covered at the 
ends with vellum, which is stretched or slackened at pleas- 
ure. — 2. In machinery, a short cylinder revolving on an 
axis, generally for the purpose of turning several small 
wheels, by means of straps passing round its periphery. — 
3. The drum of the ear, the tympanum, or barrel of the 
ear ; the hollow part of the ear, behind the membrane of 
the tympanum. 4. A quantity packed in the form of a 
drum ; as, a drum of figs. 5. Sheet-iron in the shape of a 
drum, to receive heat from a stove-pipe. — 6. In architecture, 
the upright part of a cupola, either above or below a dome. 
— Brande. 

DRUM, v. i. 1. To beat a drum with sticks ; to beat or play 
a tune on a drum. 2. To beat with the fingers, as with 
drum-sticks ; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes. 
3. To beat, as the heart. — Dryden. 4. To gather or col- 
lect, literally, by going round with a drum ; or, figurative- 
ly, by influence or exertion ; as, to drum up for recruits. 

DRUM, v. t. To expel with beat of drum. [Military phrase.] 

DRUM'-FISH, n. A fish found on the coast of North America . 

DRUM'-MI-JOR, n. The chief, or first drummer of a regi- 
ment. 

DRUM'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes drums. 

DRUM-STICK, n. The stick with which a drum is beaten, 
or a stick shaped for the purpose of beating a drum. 

t DRUM'BLE, v. i. To drone ; to be sluggish.— Shak. 

f- DRUM'LY, a. [W. trom.] Turbid; muddy. [Scottish.] 

DRUM'MER, n. One whose office is to beat the drum in 
military exercises and marching ; one who drums. 

DRUM'MING, ppr. Beating a drum ; expelling with beat of 
drum. 

DRUM'MOND-LiGHT (-lite), n. [From Lieut. Dnmmond.] 
A very intense light, produced by throwing a stream of 
oxygen gas and a stream of hydrogen gas, brought into 
Union in an ignited state, upon a ball of lime. 

DRUNK, pp. or a. [from drink.] 1. Intoxicated ; inebriated ; 
overwhelmed or overpowered by spirituous liquor ; stu- 
pefied or inflamed by the action of spirit on the stomach 
and brain. 2. Drenched, or saturated with moisture or 
liquor. — Deut., xxxii. [Drank is extensively used as the 
participle.] 



> a. Pertaining to the Druids. 



DRUNKARD, n. One given to ebriety or an excessive use 
of strong liquor ; a person who habitually or frequently is 
drunk. 

DRUNK'EN (drunk'n), a. 1. Intoxicated ; inebriated with 
strong liquor. 2. Given to drunkenness ; intemperate in 
drinking. 3. Saturated with liquor or moisture ; drenched 
— Shak. 4. Proceeding from intoxication ; done in a state 
of drunkenness ; as, a drunken frolic. 

DRUNK'EN-LY, adv. In a drunken manner. [Little used.] 

DRUNK'EN-NESS, n. 1. Intoxication ; inebriation ; inebri- 
ety ; a state in which a person is overwhelmed or over- 
powered with spirituous liquors, so that his reason is dis- 
ordered, and he more commonly reels or staggers in walk- 
ing. 2. Habitual ebriety or intoxication ; intemperance in 
drinking. 3. Disorder of the faculties resembling intoxi- 
cation by liquors ; inflammation ; phrensy ; rage. 

DRU-Pa'CEOUS, a. 1. Producing drupes. 2. Pertainiug to 
drapes ; or consisting of drupes. 

DRuPE, n. [L. drupce.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp or fruit 
without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel, 
as the plum, peach, &c. 

DRUSE, n. [G. druse.] Among miners, a cavity in a rock, 
having its interior surface studded with crystals or filled 
with water. 

DRu'SY, )a. Covered with a large number of minute 

DRuSED, S crystals. 

DRY, a. [Sax. dri, drig, or dryg.] 1. Destitute of moisture , 
free from water or wetness; arid ; not moist; as, dry 
ground. 2. Not rainy ; free from rain or mist ; as, a dry 
season. 3. Not juicy ; free from juice, sap, or aqueous 
matter ; not green ; as, dry limbs. 4. Without tears. 5. 
Not giving milk. 6. Thirsty ; craving drink. 7. Barren ; 
jejune ; plain ; unembellished ; destitute of pathos, or of 
that which amuses and interests ; as, a dry style. 8. Se- 
vere ; sarcastic ; wiping ; as, a dry remark. 9. Severe , 
wiping ; as, a dry blow. Bacon. — 10. In painting and 
sculpture, a term applied to a sharp, frigid preciseness of 
execution, or the want of a delicate contour in form, and 
of easy transition in coloring. Jocelyn. — 11. Dry goods, in 
commerce, cloths, stuffs, silks laces, Sec, in distinction from 
groceries. — Dry wines are those in which the saccharine 
matter and the ferment are so exactly balanced that they 
have decomposed each other by their mutual action, and 
no sweetness is perceptible. They are opposed to sweet 
wines, and considered best. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

DRY, v. t. [Sax. drigan, adrigan, or drygan, adrygan, adru- 
gan, gedrigan.] 1. To free from water, or from moisture 
of any kind, and by any means. 2. To deprive of moist- 
ure by evaporation or exhalation. 3. To deprive of moist- 
ure by exposure to the sun or open air. 4. To deprive 
of natural juice, sap, or greenness. 5. To scorch or parch 
with thirst : with up. 6. To deprive of water by drain- 
ing ; to drain; to exhaust. — To dry tip, to deprive wholly 
of water. 

DRY, v. i. 1. To grow dry ; to lose moisture ; to become 
free from moisture or juice. 2. To evaporate wholly ; to 
be exhaled : sometimes with up ; as, the water dries up 

DRY'-BoNED, a. Having dry bones, or without flesh. 

DRy'-EY ED (-ide), a. Not having tears in the eyes. 

DRY-FAT, n. A dry vat or basket not holding water. 

DRY-FOOT, n. A dog that pursues game by the scent of 
the foot. 

DRy'-NURSE, n. 1. A nurse who attends and feeds a child 
without the breast. 2. One who attends another in sick- 
ness. 

DRY'-NURSE, v. t. To feed, attend, and bring up without 
the breast. — Hudibras. 

DRY'-ROT, n. A rapid decay of timber, by which its sub- 
stance is converted into a dry powder, which issues 
from minute tubular cavities, resembling the borings of 
worms. 

DRy'-RUB, v. t. To rub and cleanse without wetting, 

DRy'-RUBBED (-rubd), pp. Cleaned without wetting. 

DRY'-RUB-BING, ppr. Cleaning without wetting. 

DRY'-SALT'ER, n. A dealer in salted or dry meats, pickles, 
sauces, &c. — Fordyce. 

DRY-SALT'ER-Y, n. The articles kept by a dry-salter ; the 
business of a dry-salter. 

DRY'-SHOD, a. Without wetting the feet. 

DRY'-SToVE, n. A glazed structure, for preserving the 
plants of dry and hot climates. 

DRY'-VAT, n. A basket or vessel not holding water. 

DRY' AD. n. [L. dryades, pi., from Gr. SpvS, a tree.] In my' 
thology, a deity or nymph of the woods ; a nymph sup- 
posed to preside over woods. 

DRyED' (dride), pp. of dry. See Dried. 

DRy'ER, n. He or that which dries ; that which exhausts 
of moisture or greenness. 

DRy'ING, ppr. Expelling or losing moisture, sap, or green- 
ness. 

DRYING, a. 1. Adapted to exhaust moisture ; as, a drying 
season. 2. Forming a vesicle over the surface, and becom 
ing hard ; as, drying oil. 



" See Synopsis. X, 1,1, &c, long.- -a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY — MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK. 



DUC 



331 



DUG 



DRYING, n. The act or process of depriving of moisture 
or greenness. 

DRY'ING-OIL, n. A term applied to linseed and other oils 
which have been heated with oxyd of lead, and thus pre- 
pared to harden. — Brande. 

ORy'LY, adv. 1. Without moisture. 2. Coldly; frigidly; 
without affection. — Bacon. 3. Severely ; sarcastically. 4. 
Barrenly ; without embellishment ; without any thing to 
enliven, enrich, or entertain. 

DRYNESS, n. 1. Destitution of moisture ; want of water 
or other fluid ; siccity ; aridity ; aridness. 2. Want of 
rain ; as, dryness of a season. 3. Want of juice or succu- 
lence ; as, dryness of bones. 4. Want of succulence or 
greenness ; as, dryness of plants. 5. Barrenness ; jcjune- 
ness ; want of ornament or pathos ; want of that whcih 
enlivens and entertains, as of style. 6. Want of feeling or 
sensibility in devotion ; want of ardor. — Taylor. 

Du'AD, n. Union of two. 

Du'AL, a. [L. dualis.] Expressing the number two. 

Du'AL-ISM, n. The doctrine of two Gods, a good and an 
evil one ; Manicheism. — Murdoch. 

Du'AL-IST, n. One who holds the doctrine of dualism. 

DU-AL-IST'I€, a. Consisting of two ; as, the dualistic sys- 
tems, which taught that there are two principles in nature, 
one active, the other passive. — Enfield. 

DU-AL'I-TY, n. 1. That which expresses two in number. 
2. Division ; separation. 3. The state of being two. 

DuAR-€HY, n. [Gr. <5 vo and apxn-] Government by two 
persons. 

DUB, v. t. [Sax. dubban.] Literally, to strike. Hence, 1. To 
strike a blow with a sword, and make a knight. 2. To* 
confer any dignity or new character. 3. To cut down or 
reduce with an adz, as a board, &c. — To dab out, among 
plasterers, is to bring out an uneven surface to a level, by 
pieces of wood, &c. 

DUB. v. i. To make a quick noise. — Beaum. and Fletcher. 

DUB, n. 1. A blow; [little used.] — 2. In Irish, a puddle. 

DUBBED (dubd), pp. Struck ; made a knight. 

DUB'BER, n. A leathern vessel or bottle, used in India to 
hold ghee, oil, &c. — M'Culloch. 

DUB'BING, ppr. Striking ; making a knight. 

DUB'BING OUT, n. Among plasterers, the act of bringing 
outan uneven surface to a level, by pieces of wood, &c. 

DU-Bl'E-TY, n. Doubtfulness. [Little used.] 

DU-BI-OS'I-TY, n. A thing doubtful.— Brown. 

Du'BI-OUS (du'be-us), a. [L. dubius.] 1. Wavering or fluc- 
tuating in opinion ; not settled ; not determined. 2. That 
of which the truth is not ascertained or known ; as, dubi- 
ous questions. 3. Not clear ; not plain ; as, dubious light. 
— Milton. 4. Of uncertain event or issue; as, dubious 
battle. Milton. — Syn. Doubting ; unsettled ; undeter- 
mined ; doubtful ; ambiguous ; equivocal ; questionable ; 
uncertain ; precarious. 

Du'BI-OUS-LY, adv. Doubtfully ; uncertainly. 

Du'BI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Doubtfulness ; a state of wavering 
and indecision of mind. 2. Uncertainty. 

Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. [L. dubito.] Doubtful ; uncertain. [Rare.] 

Du'BI-TA-BLY, adv. In a dubitable manner. 

Du'BI-TAN-CY, n. Doubt ; uncertainty. [Little used.] 

DU-BI-TaTION, n. [L. dubitatio.] The act of doubting ; 
doubt.— Brown. [Little used.] 

Du'BI-TA-TIVE, a. Tending to doubt. 

Du'CAL, a. [Ft.] Pertaining to a duke. 

DUCAT, n. A com of several countries in Europe, struck 
in the dominions of a duke. It is of silver or gold. The 
silver ducat is generally of the value of four shillings and 
sixpence sterling, about equal to an American dollar, or to 
a French crown ; and the gold ducat of twice the same 
value. 

DUC-A-TOON', n. [Ft. ducaton.] A silver coin. That of 
Venice is worth about four shillings and eightpence ster- 
ling, or nearly 108 cents ; that of Holland, about five shil- 
lings sixpence sterling, or 128 cents. 

DUCHESS, n. [Ft. duchesse.] The consort or widow of a 
duke. Also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy. 

DUCHY, n. [Ft. duche.] The territory or dominions of a 
duke ; a dukedom. 

DUCH'Y-CoURT, n. The court of the Duchy of Lancaster, 
in England. 

DUCK, n. [Sw. duk.] A species of coarse cloth or light can- 
vas, used for small sails, sacking of beds, &c. 

DUCK, n. 1. A water-fowl, so called from its plunging. 2. 
An inclination of the head, resembling the motion of a 
duck in water. — To make ducks and drakes, to throw a flat 
stone, tile &c. obliquely, so as to make it rebound repeat- 
edly from the surface of water, raising a succession of 
jets ; hence, to play at ducks and drakes with property, is 
to squander it foolishly and unprofitably. — Smart. Lame 
duck, see Lame. 
DUCK. 72. [Dan. dukke.] A word of endearment. 
DUCK, v. t. [Ger. ducken.] 1. To dip or plunge in water, 
and suddenly withdraw. 2. To plunge the head in water, 
and immediately withdraw it. 3. To bow, stoop, or nod. 

D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VICIOUS.— C as 



DUCK, v. i. 1. To plunge into water, and immediately witn- 
draw ; to dip ; to plunge the head in water or other liquid 
2. To drop the head suddenly ; to bow j to cringe. 
DUCK'-BILL, n. An animal of New Holland, the ornitho 

rynchus, which see. 
DU€K'-BILL.ED, a. Having a bill like a duck ; an epifhei 

applied to the animal called omithorynchus. 
DUCK'-LEGG^D, a. Having short legs, like a duck. 
DU€K'-ME AT, in. A plant, growing in ditches and shal 
DUCK'S'-MeAT, > low water, and eaten by ducks. 
DUCK'- WEED, n. The same as duck-meat. 
DUGK'S'-FOOT, n. A plant, the May-apple. 
DUCK.ED (dukt), pp. Plunged ; dipped in water. 
DUCK'ER, n. A plunger ; a diver ; a cringer. 
DUCK'ING, ppr. Plunging ; thrusting suddenly into water, 

and withdrawing ; dipping. 
DUCK'ING, n. The act of plunging or putting in water, 

and withdrawing. 
DUCK'ING-STOOL, n. A stool or chair in which common 

scolds were formerly tied and plunged into water. 
DUCK'LING, n. A young duck.— Ray. 
DUCK-OY'. See Decoy. 

DUCT, n. [L. dioctus.] 1. Any tube or canal by which a 
fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed ; [ap- 
plied particularly to the vessels of an animal body.] 2. Guid- 
ance ; direction ; [little used.] 
DUCTILE, a. [L. ductilis.] 1. That may be led ; easy to be 
led or drawn ; docile ; tractable ; complying ; obsequious , 
yielding to motives, persuasion, or instruction. 2. Flexi- 
ble ; pliable. — Dry den. 3. That may be drawn out into 
wire or threads, as a metal. 4. That may be extended by 
beating. 
DUC'TILE-LY, adv. In a ductile manner. 
DUCTlLE-NESS, n. _ The quality of suffering extension by 

drawing or percussion ; ductility. 
DUC-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. The property of solid bodies, particu- 
larly metals, which renders them capable of being extend- 
ed by drawing without breaking. 2. Flexibility ; obsequi- 
ousness ; a disposition of mind that easily yields to motives 
or influence ; ready compliance. 
DUC'TION, n. [L. ductio.] Conveyance ; leading. — Feltham. 
t DUC'TURE, n. [L. duco.] Guidance.— South. 
DUD'DER, v. t. To deafen with noise ; to render the head 

confused. — Jennings. 
DUD6'E6N (dud'jun), n. [Ger. degen.] A small dagger.— 

Hudibras. 
DUDg'EoN (dud'jun), n. [W. dygen.] Inward anger or re 

sentment; sullenness; ill-will; discord. — L? Estrange. 
DUDS, n. pi. [Scot, dud.] Old clothes ; tattered garments. 

—Gilbert. [A vulgar word.] 
DUE (du), a. [Ft. du, pp. of devoir.] 1. Owed ; that ought 
to be paid or done to another. 2. Proper ; fit ; appropri- 
ate ; suitable ; becoming ; required by the circumstances. 
3. Seasonable ; as, to arrive in due time. 4. Exact ; prop- 
er; as, to keep due time in music. 5. Owing to; occa- 
sioned by ; [little used.] 6. That ought to have arrived, or 
to be present, before the time specified ; as, the ship is due. 
DOE, adv. Directly ; exactly ; as, a due east course. 
DUE, n. 1. That which is owed ; that which one contracts 
to pay, do, or perform to another ; that which law or jus- 
tice requires to be paid or done. 2. That which office, 
rank, station, social relations, or established rules of right 
or decorum require to be given, paid, or done. 3. That 
which law or custom requires, as toll, tribute, fees of of- 
fice, or other legal perquisites. 4. Right; just title. — 
Milton. 
t DuE, v. t. To pay as due. — Shak. 
DuE'FUL, a. Fit ; becoming. — Spenser. [Little used.] 
Du'EL, n. [L. duellum ; Ft. duel ; It. duello.] 1. Single com- 
bat ; a premeditated combat between two persons, for the 
purpose of deciding some private difference or quarrel. 
2. Any contention or contest. — Milton. 
Du'EL, v. i. To fight in single combat— South. 
Du'EL, v. t. To attack or fight singly.— Milton. 
Du'EL-ER, n. A combatant in single fight. 
DU'EL-ING, ppr. Fighting in single combat, a. Pertaining 

to, or employed in, dueling. 
DU'EL-ING, n. The act or practice of fighting in single 

combat. 
Du'EL-IST, n. 1. One who fights in single combat.— Dryden. 

2. One who maintains the propriety of dueling, 
t DU-EL'LO, n. Duel ; or rule of dueling.— Shak. 
DuE'NESS (du'nes), n. Fitness ; propriety ; due quality. 
DU-EN'NA, n. [Sp. ducna. See Don.] An old woman who 

is kept to guard a younger ; a governess. 
DU-ET, In. [It. duetto.] A piece of music composed for 
DU-ETTO, j two performers, whether vocal or instru- 
mental. — Brande. 
DUF'FEL, n. [D.] A thick, coarse kind of woolen cloth, 

having a thick nap or frieze. 
DUG, n. [Ice. deggia.] The pap or nipple : now applied 

only to a cow or other beast, unless in contempt. 
DUG, pret. and pp. of dig; as, they dug a ditch. 



K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; T II as in this, t Obsolete. 



DUM 



332 



DUO 



DU-GONG', n. A herbivorous, cetaceous animal of the In- 
dian Ocean, with a tapering body ending in a crescent- 
shaped fin. The fabled mermaid seems to have been 
founded on the dugong. — Gilbert. 

DtJKE, n. [Fr. due; Sp., Port, duque; It. duca; Venetian 
doge : L. dux.] 1. In Great Britain, one of the highest or- 
der of nobility ; a title of honor or nobility next below the 
princes. — 2. In some countries on the Continent, a sovereign 
prince, without the title of king. 3. A chief; a prince. 

DuKET>6M, n. 1. The seignory or possessions of a duke ; 
the territory of a duke. 2. The title or quality of a duke. 

DUL'BRaIN.ED, a. Stupid ; doltish ; of dull intellects. 

DUL'CET, a. [L. dulcis.] 1. Sweet to the taste ; luscious. 
2. Sweet to the ear ; melodious ; harmonious. 

DUL-CI-FI-Ci'TION, n. The act of sweetening ; particular- 
ly, the combining of mineral acids with alcohol, by which 
their caustic or corrosive qualities are diminished. 

DUL'CI-Fl.ED (dul'se-fide), pp. or a. Sweetened.— Dulcified 
spirit, a term applied to a compound of alcohol with min- 
eral acids ; as, dulcified spirit of nitre. 

DUL-CIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. dulcis s.nA.fluo.] Flowing sweetly. 

DUL'CI-Fy, v. t. [Fr. dulcifier.] To sweeten ; to free from 
acidity, saltness, or acrimony. 

DUL'CI-Ff-ING, ppr. Sweetening ; removing acidity. 

DUL'CI-MER, n. [It. dolcimello.] An instrument of music 
having about fifty brass wires, which are played upon with 
little sticks. 

f DUL'CI-NESS, n. [L. dulcis.] Softness ; easiness of temper. 

DUL'CI-TuDE, n. [L. dulcitudo.] Sweetness. 

DUL'CO-RITE, v. t. [Low L. dulco.] 1. To sweeten. 2. To 
make less acrimonious. 

DUL-€0-RaTION, n. The act of sweetening.— Bacon. 

Du'LI-A, n. [Gr. SovXaa.] An inferior kind of worship or 
adoration. — Stilling -fleet. [Not English.] 

DULL, a. [W. dol, dwl ; Sax. dol.] 1. Stupid; doltish; 
blockish ; slow of understanding. 2. Heavy ; sluggish ; 
without life or spirit. 3. Slow of motion ; sluggish. 4. 
Slow of hearing or seeing. 5. Slow to learn or compre- 
hend ; unready ; awkward. 6. Sleepy ; drowsy. 7. Sad ; 
melancholy. 8. Gross ; cloggy ; insensible. 9. Not pleas- 
ing or delightful ; not exhilarating ; cheerless ; as, dull 
work. 10. Not bright or clear ; clouded ; tarnished. 11. 
Not bright ; not briskly burning. 12. Dim ; obscure ; not 
vivid. 13. Blunt ; obtuse ; having a thick edge. 14. 
Cloudy ; overcast ; not clear ; not enlivening ; as, dull 
weather. 15. With seamen, being without wind. 16. Not 
lively or animated. 

DULL, v. t. 1. To make dull ; to stupefy. 2. To blunt, as 
edge-tools. 3. To make sad or melancholy. 4. To hebe- 
tate ; to make insensible or slow to perceive, as the intel- 
lect. 5. To damp ; to render lifeless, as the attention. 6. 
To make heavy or slow of motion. 7. To sully ; to tar- 
nish or cloud. 

DULL, v. i. To become dull or blunt ; to become stupid. 

DULL'-BR AlNJSD, a. Stupid ; of dull intellect. 

DULL'-BROWED, a. Having a gloomy look. 

DULL'-DIS-PoS£D', a. Inclined to dullness or sadness. 

DULL'-EY-ED (-ide), a. Having a downcast look.— Shak. 

DULL'-HeAD (-hed), n. A person of dull understanding; 
a dolt ; a blockhead. 

DULL'-SlGHT-ED, a. Having imperfect sight ; purblind. 

DULL'-WIT-TED, a. Having a dull intellect ; heavy. 

DULLARD, a. Doltish ; stupid.— Hall. 

DULLARD, n. A stupid person ; a blockhead ; a dunce. 

DULLED, pp. Made dull ; blunted. 

DULL'ER, n. That which makes dull. 

DULL'ING, ppr. Making dull. 

DULL'NESS, n. 1. Stupidity ; slowness of comprehension ; 
weakness of intellect ; indocility. 2. Want of quick per- 
ception or eager desire. 3. Heaviness ; drowsiness ; in- 
clination to sleep. 4. Heaviness ; disinclination to motion. 
5. Sluggishness ; slowness. 6. Dimness ; want of clear- 
ness or lustre. 7. Bluntness ; want of edge. 8. Want of 
brightness or vividness. 

DUL'LY, adv. Stupidly ; sluggishly ; without life or spirit. 

DU-LOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. 6ov\us and KOareo).] Predominance 
of slaves. 

DtJ'LY, adv. 1. Properly ; fitly ; in a suitable or becoming 
manner. 2. Regularly ; at the proper time. 

DUMB (dum), a. [Sax. dumb.] 1. Mute ; silent ; not speak- 
ing ; speechless. 2. Destitute of the power of speech ; un- 
able to utter articulate sounds. 3. Mute ; not using or ac- 
companied with speech ; as, dumb eloquence. — To strike 
dumb, is to confound ; to astonish ; to render silent by 
astonishment ; or, it may be, to deprive of the power of 
speech. 

DUMB, v. t. To silence.— Shak. 

DUMB'-BELLS (dum'-belz), n. pi. Weights swung in the 
hands for exercise. 

DUMB'-SHoW (dum'sho), n. Gesture without words ; pan- 
tomime. 

DUMB-W1ITER, n. A frame-work with shelves, placed 
between a kitchen and dining-room for conveying food, 



&c When the kitchen is below, the dumb-waiter is mada 
to rise by pulleys and weights. 

DUMB'LY (dumly), adv. Mutely ; silently ; without words 
or speech. 

DCJMB'NESS (dum'nes), n. 1. Muteness; silence, or hold 
ing the peace; voluntary omission of speech. 2. Inca- 
pacity to speak ; inability to articulate sounds. 

DUM'FOUND, \v. t. To strike dumb; to confuse ■ 

DUM-FOUND'ER, j Spectator.— Swift. [A low word.] 

t DUM'MER-ER, n. One who feigns dumbness. 

DUM'MY, n. One who is dumb. [A low expression.] 

Du'MOUS, \ a. [L. dumosus.] Abounding with bushes and 

Du'MoSE, I briers. 

DUMP, n. [D. dom.] 1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind , 
sadness ; melancholy. 2. Absence of mind ; revery. 3. 
Melancholy tune or air. Now used only in the plural ; aa, 
to be in the dumps. 

DUMP'ISH, a. Dull ; stupid ; sad ; melancholy ; depressed 
in spirits. 

DUMPTSH-LY, adv. In a moping manner. 

DUMP'ISH-NESS, n. A state of being dull, heavy, and 
moping. 

DUMPLING, n. A kind of pudding or mass of paste in 
cookery ; usually, a cover of paste inclosing an apple and 
boiled, called apple-dumpling. 

DUMPS, n.pl. Low spirits ; melancholy; gloom. 

DUMPY, a. Short and thick.— Smart. 

DUN, a. [Sax. dunn.] 1. Of a dark color; of a color par 
taking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color 
6warthy. — Milton. 2. Dark; gloomy. — Milton. 

DUN, v. t. To cure, as fish, in a manner to give them a dun 
color. See Dunning. 

DUN, v. t. [Sax. dynan.] 1. To clamor for payment of a 
debt to urge for payment; to demand a debt in a press- 
ing manner; to call for payment. 2. To urge importu- 
nately for any thing ; [not elegant.] 

DUN, n. 1. An importunate creditor, who urges for payment. 

2. An urgent request or demand of payment in writing. 

3. An eminence ; a mound. See Down and Town. 
DUN'-BiRD, n. A North American species of duck, called 

the ruddy duck. — Peabody's Mass. Report. 

DUN'-FISH, n. Codfish cured in a peculiar manner. 

DUNG'-FORK, n. A fork used to throw dung. 

DUNCE (duns), n. [G. duns.] A person of weak intellect; 
a dullard ; a dolt ; a thickskull. 

DUN'CER-Y, n. Dullness ; stupidity.— Smith. 

DUN'CISH, a. Like a dunce ; sottish. 

t DUN'CI-FY, v. t. To make stupid in intellect. 

DUN'DER, 7i. [Sp. redundar.] Lees; dregs; [a word used 
in Jamaica.] 

DUN'DER-PITE, ti. A dunce; a dull head. 

DuNE, n. A term applied to low hills of movable sand on 
the coast of England and France, and other countries.- 
Lyell. 

DUNG, n. [Sax. dung.] The excrement of animals. 

DUNG, v. t. To manure with dung. — Dryde7i. 

DUNG, v. i. To void excrement. 

DUNGED (dungd), pp. Manured with dung. 

DUN'dE6N (dun'jun), n. [Fr. dongeon, or donjon.] 1. A 
close prison, or a deep, dark place of confinement. 2. A 
subterraneous place of close confinement. 

DUN'6E6N, v. t. To confine in a dungeon. — Hall. 

DUN'GEON_ED (dun'jund), pp. Confined in a dungeon. 

DUNG'HILL, n. 1. A heap of dung. 2. A mean or vile 
abode. 3. Any mean situation or condition. 4. A term 
of reproach for a man meanly born ; [not used.] 

DUNG'HILL, a. Sprung from the dunghill; mean; low; 
base ; vile. — Shak. 

DUNGT, a. Full of dung; filthy; vile.— Shak. 

DUNGYaRD, 7i. A yard where dung is collected. 

DUNK'ERS, ti. pi. A sect in Pennsylvania who practice ab- 
stinence and mortification under the idea of their being 
meritorious, and are said to deny future punishment. 

DUN'LIN, n. A bird, a species of sandpiper. — Pennant. 

DUNNA6E, n. Fagots, boughs, or loose articles of any kind 
laid on the bottom of a ship to raise heavy goods above 
the bottom. 

DUNN .ED (dund), pp. Importuned to pay a debt; urged. 

DUN'NER, n. [from dun.] One employed in soliciting the 
payment of debts. — Spectator. 

DUN'NING, ppr. Urging for payment of a debt, or for the 
obtaining a request ; importuning. 

DUN'NING, n. The operation of curing codfish, in such a 
manner as to give it a peculiar color and quality. 

DUN'NISH, a. Inclined to a dun color ; somewhat dun. 

DUN'NY, a. Deaf; dull of apprehension. — Grose. [Local.} 

Du'O, n. [L., two.] A song in two parts. 

DU-O-DEC-A-He'DRAL, > See Dodecahedral, Dodecahb- 

DU-0-DE€-A-He'DRON. 5 dron. 

DU-O-DECI-MAL, a. Proceeding in computation by twelves. 

DU-O-DEC'IM-AL-LY, adv. By "duodecimals. 

DU-O-DEC'I-MALS, n. In arithmetic, a kind of multipli- 
cation in which the denominations proceed by twelves. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, T, &.-.., long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



DUS 



333 



DWA 



DU-O-DECIM-FID, a. [L. duodeeim andjmdo.] Divided into 
twelve parts. 

DU-O-DEC'I-MO, a. [L. duodeeim.'] Having or consisting of 
twelve leaves to a sheet. 

DU-O-DEC'I-MO, n. A book in which a sheet is folded into 
twelve leaves. 

DU-O-DECU-PLE, a. [L. duo and decuplus.] Consisting of 
twelves. — Arbutknot. 

DU-O-De'NUM, n. [L.] The first of the small intestines ; the 
twelve-inch intestine. 

DU-O-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. duo and litera.] Consisting of two 
letters only ; biliteral. — Stuart. 

DUP, v. t. [do and up.] To open ; as, to dup tie door. 

DuP'A-BLE, a. That can be duped. 

DuPE, n. [Fr. dupe.] A person who is deceived ; or one 
easily led astray by his credulity. 

DiJPE, v. t. [Fr. duper.] To deceive ; to trick ; to mislead 
by imposing on one's credulity. 

DuPJEJD (dupt), pp. Deceived ; tricked. 

DuP'ER-Y, n. The act or practice of duping. 

DuPTNG, ppr. Tricking ; cheating. 

DfJ'PI-ON, n. A double cocoon, formed by two or more 
silk-worms. 

Du'PLE, a. [L. duplus.] Double. — Duple ratio is that in 
which the antecedent is double the consequent, as 2 to 1. 
Sub-duple is the reverse. 

DtJ'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. duplicatus.] Double ; twofold.— Dupli- 
cate proportion or ratio is the proportion or ratio of squares. 

Du'PLI-€aTE, n. 1. Another corresponding to tne first ; or 
a second thing of the same kind. 2. A copy ; a transcript. 

DuTLI-CaTE, v. t. [L. duplico.] To double ; to fold. 

Du'PLI-€X-TED. pp. Made double. 

Du'PLI-CI-TING, ppr. Making double ; folding. 

DU PLI-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of doubling ; the multipli- 
cation of a number by 2. 2. A doubling ; also, a fold. 

DOTLI-€A-TURE, n. A doubling ; a fold.— In anatomy, the 
fold of a membrane or vessel. 

DU-PLICI-TY, n. [Fr. duplicite.] 1. Doubleness ; the num- 
ber two. — Watts. 2. Doubleness of heart or speech ; the 
act of dissembling one's real opinions, with a design to 
mislead. — 3. In law, duplicity is the pleading of two or 
more distinct matters or single pleas. — Syn. Double-deal- 
ing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception. 

DUP'PER, n. Same as Dubbek, which see. 

DU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The power of lasting or continuing in 
any given state, without perishing. 

Du'RA-BLE, a. [L. durabilis.] Having the quality of lasting 
or continuing long in being, without perishing or wearing 
out. — Syn. Permanent ; firm ; stable ; continuing ; lasting ; 
constant. 

Du'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Power of lasting ; durability. 

DuUA-BLY, adv. In a lasting manner ; with long continu- 
ance. 

DU-Ra'MEN, n. [L.] The central layers or heart of a tree. 

DU'RA MITER. [L.] The outer membrane of the brain. 

DuTtANCE, n. [L. duro.] 1. Imprisonment ; restraint of 
the person ; custody of the jailer. 2. Continuance ; du- 
ration. See Endurance. 

DU-RANT, n. A glazed woolen stuff; called by some ever- 
lasting. 

DU-RAN'TE. [L.] During; as duran'te vi'ta, during life; 
duran'te bdnepladito, during pleasure. 

DU-Ra'TION, n. 1. Continuance in time ; length or exten- 
sion of existence, indefinitely. 2. Power of continuance ; 
permanency. — Rogers. 

DUR'BiR, n. An audience-room in India. 

t DuRE, v. i. [L. duro ; Fr. durer.] To last ; to hold on in 
time or being ; to continue ; to endure. 

t DuRE'FUL, a. Lasting.— Spenser. 

DfJRE'LESS, a. Not lasting ; fading.— Raleigh. 

* DU-RESS', n. (Norm, duresse, durette.] 1. Literally, hard- 
ship ; hence, constraint. — In law, an actual or threatened 
violence or restraint of a man's person contrary to law, to 
compel him to do some act. — Bouvier. 2. Imprisonment ; 
restraint of liberty. 

DuR'ING, ppr. of dure, [commonly, though not correctly, 
classed among prepositions.] Continuing; lasting; hold- 
ing on ; as, during fife ; i. e., fife continuing. 

DU'RI-TY, n. [Fr. durete.] 1. Hardness ; firmness. 2. Hard- 
ness of mind ; harshness ; [little used.] 

{• Du'ROUS, a. Hard.— Smith. 

DUR'RA, n. A kind of millet, cultivated in North Africa 

DURST, pret. of dare. [D. dorst.] 

DuSE, n. [L. dusius.] A demon or evil spirit. What the 
duse is the matter ? [ Vulgar.]— Deuce, or deuse, is the more 
common spelling, but duse is etymologically most correct. 

DUSK, a. [D. duister ; G. duster.] 1. Tending to darkness, 
or moderately dark. 2. Tending to a dark or black color , 
moderately black. — Milton. 

DUSK, n. 1. A tending to darkness ; incipient or imperfect 
obsrauity ; a middle degree between light and darkness ; 
twilight. 2. Tendency to a black color ; darkness of col- 
or. — Dryden. 



DUSK, v. t. To make dusky. [Little used.] 

DUSK, v. i. To begin to lose light or whiteness ; to grow 
dark. [Little used.] 

DUSK'I-LY, adv. With partial darkness ; with a tendency 
to blackness or darkness. 

DUSK'I-NESS, n. Incipient or partial darkness ; a slight or 
moderate degree of darkness or blackness. 

DUSK'ISH, a. Moderately dusky ; partially obscure ; slight- 
ly dark or black. — Spenser. 

DUSK'ISH-LY, adv. Cloudiiy ; darkly.— Bacon. 

DUSK'ISH-NESS, n. Duskiness ; approach to darkness. 

DUSKY, a. 1. Partially dark or obscure ; not luminous 

2. Tending to blackness in color ; partially black ; dark 
colored ; not bright. 3. Gloomy ; sad ; as, a dusky scene 
— Bentley. 4. Intellectually clouded ; as, a dusky sprite 
— Pope. 

DUST, n. [Sax. dust, dijst ; Scot, dust.] 1. Fine, dry parti- 
cles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may be 
raised and wafted by the wind ; powder. 2. Fine, dry par- 
ticles of earth ; fine earth. 3. Earth ; unorganized earthy 

. matter. — Gen., hi., 19. 4. The grave. — Job, vh., 21. 5. A 
low condition. — 1 Sam., ii., 8. 

DUST, v. t. 1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or 

• sweep away dust. 2. To sprinkle with dust. 3. To lev- 
igate. 

DUST-BRUSH, n. A bnish for cleaning rooms and furni- 
ture by removing dust. 

DUST-MAN, n. One whose employment is to carry away 
dirt and filth. — Gay. 

DUST-PAN, n. A utensil to convey dust brushed from the 
floor, &c. 

DUST'ED, pp. Freed from dust. 

DUSTER, n. A utensil to clear from dust ; also, a sieve 

DUSTI-NESS, n. The state of being dusty. 

DUSTING, ppr. Brushing ; freeing from dust. 

DUSTING, n. The act oi removing dust. 

DUSTY, a. 1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust , 
clouded with dust 2. Like dust ; of the color of dust 

DUTCH, n. The people of Holland ; also, their language. 

DUTCH, a. Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. 

DUTCH GoLD, n. In commerce, copper, brass, and bronze 
leaf, used largely in Holland to ornament toys. 

DUTCHY. See Duchy. 

Du'TE-OUS, a. 1. Performing that which is due, or that 
which law, justice, or propriety requires ; obedient 2 
Obedient ; obsequious. — Shak. ; [in a good or bad sense.] 

3. Enjoined by duty, or by the relation of one to another 
[little used.] 

Du'TE-OUS-LY, adv. In a duteous manner. 

DtJTE-OUS-NESS, n. Obedience to duty. 

Du'TI-A-BLE, a. Subject to the imposition of duty or cub 
toms ; as, dutiable goods. [Supreme Court, U. S.] 

D0'TI.ED, a. Subjected to duties or customs. — Ames. 

DtJ'TI-FUL, a. 1. Performing the duties or obligations re- 
quired by law, justice, or propriety toward natural or le- 
gal superiors. 2. Expressive of respect, or a sense of duty ; 
required by duty. — Syn. Duteous ; obedient ; reverent ; 
reverential ; submissive ; respectful. 

Du'TI-FUL-LY, adv. In a dutiful manner ; with a regard to 
duty ; obediently ; submissively ; reverently ; respectfully. 
— Swift. 

Du'TI-FUL-NESS, n. 1. Obedience ; submission to just au- 
thority ; habitual performance of duty. 2. Reverence ; 
respect. 

Du'TY, n. 1. That which a person owes to another; that 
which a person is bound, by any natural, moral, or legal 
obligation, to pay, do, or perform. 2. Forbearance of that 
which is forbid by morality, law, justice, or propriety. 3. 
Obedience ; submission. 4. Act of reverence or respect 
— Spenser. 5. The bxisiness of a soldier or marine on 
guard ; as. to be on duty. It is also applied to other serv- 
ices or labor. 6. The business of war ; military service : 
as, the troops did duty in Canada. 7. Tax, toll, impost, or 
customs ; excise ; any sum of money required by govern- 
ment to be paid on the importation, exportation, or con- 
sumption of goods; [United States.]— S. In enginery, the 
amount of weight lifted by a steam-engine by a certain 
quantity of coal. 

DU-UM'VIR, n. ; pi. Duum'viri. [L. duo and vir.] One of 
two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same 
public functions. 

DU-UM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the duumviri or duumvi- 
rate of Rome. 

DU-UM'VI-RATE, n. The union of two men in the same 
office ; or the office, dignity, or government of two men 
thus associated ; as in ancient Rome. 

DWaLE, n. 1. In heraldry, a sable or black color. 2. The 
deadly nightshade, a plant, or a sleepy potion. 

DWARF, n. [Sax dwerg, dweorg.] 1. A general name for 
an animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size 
of the species or kind. A man that never grows beyond 
two or three feet in height is a dwarf. 2. An attendant on 
a lady or knight in romances. — Spenser. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z ; cH as SH; TH as in this. [Obsolete 



DYS 



334 



EAM 



DWARF, v. t. To hinder from growing to the natural size ; 
to lessen ; to make or keep small. 

DWARF ED (dworft), pp. Hindered from growing to the 
natural size. 

DWARFISH, a. Like a dwarf; below the common stature 
or size ; very small; low; petty; despicable. 

DWARF'ISH-LY, adv. Like a dwarf. 

DWARF'ISH-NESS, n. Smallness of stature ; littleness of 
size. 

fDWAUL, ?'. ;'. [Sax. dwelian, dwolian.] To be delirious. 

DWELL, v. i. ; pret. dwelled, usually contracted into dwelt. 
[Dan. dvceler.] 1. To abide as a permanent resident ; to 
live in a place ; to have a habitation for some time, or per- 
manence. 2. To be in any state or condition. — Shak. 3. 
To be fixed in attention ; to hang upon with fondness ; as, 
" the queen dwelt on his accents." — Smith. 4. To continue 
long ; as, to dwell on a topic. — Syn. To inhabit ; reside ; 
sojourn ; continue ; stay ; rest. 

DWELL, as a verb transitive, is not used. 

DWELLED (dweld), pp. Inhabited. 

DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant ; a resident. 

DWELLING, ppr. Inhabiting; residing; sojourning; con- 
tinuing with fixed attention. 

DWELLING, n. 1. Habitation ; place of residence ; abode ; 
domicile. 2. Continuance ; residence ; state of'life. 

DWELLING-HOUSE, n. The house in which one lives. 

DWELL'ING-PLICE, n. The place of residence. 

DWELT, pret. and pp. of dwell. Resided ; sojourned ; con- 
tinued. 

DWINDLE, v. i. [Sax. dwinan.] 1. To diminish ; to be- 
come less ; to shrink ; to waste or consume away. 2. To 
degenerate ; to sink ; to fall away. 

DWIN'DLE, v. t. 1. To make less ; to bring low. 2. To 
break ; to disperse. 

DWINDLED, pp. or a. Shrunk ; diminished in size. 

DWIN'DLING, ppr. Falling away ; becoming less ; pining ; 
consuming ; moldering away. 

DYE, v. t. [Sax. deagan,] To stain ; to color ; to give a new 
and permanent color to ; [applied particularly to cloth or 
the materials of cloth ; also, to hats, leather, fyc] 

D?E, 7i. Color ; tinge ; a coloring liquid. 

DyE'-HOUSE, n. A building in which dyeing is carried on. 

DY.ED (dide), pp. Stained ; colored. 

DYE'ING, ppr. Staining ; giving a new and permanent color. 

DyE'ING, n. The art or practice of giving new and perma- 
nent colors ; the art of coloring cloth, hats, &c. 

DY'ER, n. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the 
like. 

DY'ER'S-WEED, n. A plant from which is obtained a yel- 
low dye. It is an herb allied to mignonette. 

DY'ING, ppr. [from die.] 1. Losing life ; perishing ; expir- 
ing ; fading away ; languishing. 2. a. Mortal ; destined to 
death ; as, dying bodies. 3. Given, uttered, or manifested 
just before death ; as, dying testimony. 4. Supporting a 
dying person, as a dying bed. 5. Pertaining to death ; as, 
dying moments. 

DY'ING, n. Death.— 2 Cor., iv. 

DyTNG-LY, adv. In a dying manner. 

DyKE. See Dike. 

DY-NAM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Swa/xig and jucr/Jcw.] An instru- 
ment for determining the magnifying power of telescopes. 

DYN-A-METRIC-AL, a. Pertaining to a dynameter. 

DY-NAM'IC, )a. [Gr. Swa^is-] Pertaining to strength 

DY-NAM'IG-AL, 5 or power, or to dynamics. 

DY-NAM'I€S, n. The branch of mechanical philosophy 
which treats of bodies in motion ; opposed to statics. 

D YN-A-MOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring force, 
especially the relative strength of men and other animals. 
See, also, Dynameter. 

Dy'NAST, n. A ruler ; a governor ; a prince ; a govern- 
ment. 

DY-NASTTG, a. Relating to a dynasty or line of kings. 

DY-NAS'TI-DAN, n. [Gr. Svva<7Tr)<;, powerful.] One of a tribe 
of beetles of a gigantic size. — Kirby. 

* DyTSTAS-TY, n. [Gr. dvvacreia.] Government; sovereign- 
ty ; or, rather, a race or succession of kings of the same 
fine or family, who govern a particular country. 

DYS'€RA-SY, n. [Gr. Svoxpacna.] In medicine, an ill habit 
or state of the humors ; distemperature of the juices. 

DYS-EN-TER'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to dysentery; accompa- 
nied with dysentery ; proceeding from dysentery. 2. Af- 
flicted with dysentery. 

DYS'EN-TER-Y, n. [L. dysenteria.] A flux in which the 
stools consist chiefly of blood and mucus or other morbid 
matter, accompanied with griping of the bowels, and fol- 
lowed by tenesmus. 

DYS'NO-MY, n. [Gr. 8v? and vo/tog.] Bad legislation ; the 

enactment of bad laws. — Cockeram. 
DYS'O-DlLE, n. A species of greenish, gray, or yellowish 

coal, which bums with an exceedingly fetid odor.— Ure. 
DYS-OP'SY, n. [Gr. 6vS and M ib.) Dimness of sight. 
DYS'O-REX-Y, n. [Gr. £v<; and ope^is.] A bad or depraved 
appetite ; a want of appetite. 



* DYS-PEP'SY, ) n. [Gr. Sva^ia.) Bad digestion ; indigus 

D YS-PEP'SI-A, 5 tion, or difficulty of digestion. 

DYS-PEP'TI€, a. 1. Afflicted with bad digestion. 2. Per 
taining to or consisting in dyspepsy. 

DYS-PEP'TIC, n. A person afflicted with bad digestion. 

DYS'PHA-dY, n. [Gr. dvs and cpayeu).] Difficulty of digestion. 

DYSTHO-NY (dis'fo-ne), n. [Gr. 6vo<pu>ina.] A difficulty of 
speaking, occasioned by an ill disposition of the organs of 
speech. — Diet. 

DYS-PHo'RI-A, n. [Gr. 5vS and (popew.] Impatience under 
affliction. 

DYSP-NCE'A (disp-ne'a), n. [Gr. Svairvoia.] A difficulty of 
breathing. 

D YS-THET'IC, a. Relating to a non-febrile, morbid state of 
the blood-vessels, or to a bad habit of the body, dependent 
mainly upon the state of the circulating system. 

DYS'TOME, \a. [Gr. <5u? and Ttfxvw.] In mineralogy, 

DYS'TO-MOUS, 5 cleaving with difficulty. 

DYS-U'RIC, a. Pertaining to dysury. 

DYS'U-RY(uis'yu-re), n. [Gr. Svoovpia.] Difficulty in discharg- 
ing the urine, attended with pain and a sensation of heat. 



E. 

Ethe second vowel, and the fifth letter, of the Englisn 
j alphabet. Its long and natural sound in English, as 
in here, the, coincides with the sound of i in the Italian and 
French languages. It has a short sound, as in met, men ; 
and the sound of a open or long, in prey, vein. As a final 
letter, it is generally quiescent ; but it serves to lengthen 
the sound of the preceding vowel, or, at least, to indicate 
that the preceding vowel is to have its long sound, as in 
mane, cane, plume, which, without the final e, would be pro- 
nounced man, can, plum. After c and g, the final e serves 
to indicate that c is to be pronounced as s, and g as j. As 
a numeral, E stands for 250. In the calendar it is the fifth 
of the dominical letters. As an abbreviation, it stands for 
East, as in charts, E. N. E., east northeast ; E. S. E., east 

_ southeast ; E. by S., east by south. 

EACH (ech), a. [Scot, cik.] Every one of any number sep 
arately considered or treated. 

t EACH'WHERE, adv. Every where. 

EAD, )in names, is a Saxon word signifying happy, for- 

ED, 3 tunate ; as in Edward, happy preserver ; Edgar, 

_ happy power ; Edwin, happy conqueror. — Gibson. 

EA'GER (e'ger), a. [Fr. aigre.] 1. Excited by ardent desire 
in the pursuit of any object ; ardent to pursue, perform, 
or obtain ; inflamed by desire ; ardently wishing or long, 
ing. 2. Springing from or connected with strongly-awak- 
ened desire ; [applied to things ; as, eager efforts.] 3. Sharp ; 
sour ; acid ; [little used.] 4. Seizing upon sharply ; biting ; 
keen ; as, " an eager and a nipping air." — Shak. ; [little used.] 
5. Brittle ; inflexible ; not ductile.— Locke ; [local.] — Syn. 
Ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent; zealous; 
earnest; forward. 

EA'GER-LY, adv. 1. With great ardor of desire; ardently, 
earnestly ; warmly ; with prompt zeal. 2. Hastily ; im- 

_ petuously. 3. Keenly ; sharply. 

EA'GER-NESS, n. 1. Ardent desire to do, pursue, or obtain 
anything; animated zeal ; vehement longing ; ardor of in 
clination. 2. Tartness ; sourness ; [obs.] — Syn. Ardor ; 
zeal ; vehemence ; impetuosity ; heartiness ; earnestness , 
fervor; avidity; greediness. 

EA'GLE (e'gl), n. [Fr. aigle.] 1. A rapacious bird of the ge- 
nus falco, often called the king of birds. The eagle is oft- 
en borne as a military standard, and hence is used to de- 
note power. 2. A gold coin of the United States, of the 
value of ten dollars. 3. A constellation in the northern 

_ hemisphere. It contains Altair, a star of the first magnitude. 

EA'GLE-EYED (e'gl-Ide), a. 1. Sharp-sighted as an eagle ; 
having an acute sight. 2. Discerning ; having acute intel- 
lectual vision. 

EA'GLE-FLIGHT-ED (e'gl-flit-ed), a. Flying like an eagle ; 
mounting hisrh. 

EA'GLE-SlGHT'ED, a. Having acute sight.— Shak. 

EA'GLE-SPEED, n. Swiftness like that of an eagle. 

EA'GLE-SToNE, n. iEtites, a nodule of argillaceous iron 
ore, from the size of a walnut to that of a man's head, and 
containing a detached mass, which rattles within. It is 
named from the vulgar notion that such stones were car- 

_ ried by eagles to their nests, to facilitate the laying of eggs. 

EA'GLE-WING£D, a. Having the wings of an eagle ; swift 
as an eagle. — Milton. 

EA'GLE-WOOD, n. A fragrant wood used by the Asiatics 

_ for burning as incense. — Brande. 

EA'GLI-CSS, n. A female or hen eagle. 

EA'GLET, n. A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle. 

eA'GRE (e'gur), n. A tide swelling above another tide, as 
in the Severn. — Dryden. 

EAL'DER-MAN. See Alderman. 

t eAME, n. [Sax. earn.] Uncle. — Spenser. 



* See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— 1, e, 1, &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



EAR 



33* 



EAR 



SAN, v. t. or i. To yean. See Yean 

t E ANTING, n. A lamb just brought forth. 

EAR, 01. [Sax. ear, eare.] 1. The organ of hearing; the or- 
gan by which sound is perceived ; and, in general, both 
the external and internal part is understood by the term. 
2. The sense of hearing, or. rather, the power of distin- 
guishing sounds and judging of harmony. — 3. In Has plural, 
the head or person. 4. The top, or highest part ; as, over 
ears in love ; [obs.] 5. A favorable hearing ; attention ; 
heed; regard. 6. Disposition to like or dislike what is 
heard; opinion; judgment; taste. 7. A projecting part 
from the side of any thing ; as, the ears of a jar. 8. The 
spike of corn ; that part of certain plants which contains 
the flowers and seeds. — Ears, in architecture. See Cross- 
ettes. — To be by the ears, to fall together by the ears, to go 
together by the ears, to fight or scuffle ; to quarrel. — To set 
by the ears, to make strife ; to cause to quarrel. — An ear 
for music, an ear that relishes music, or that readily dis- 
tinguishes tones and intervals. 

EAR, v. i. To shoot, as an ear ; to form ears, as corn. 

t EAR, v. t . [L. aro.] To plow or till. 

EAR'-BoRjED, a. Having the ear perforated. — Hall. 

EAR'-€AP, n. A cover for the ears against cold. 

EAR'-DEAF'.EN-ING (-de'fn- or -def n-), a. Stunning the ear 
with noise. — Shah. 

EAR'-E-RE€T'ING, a. Setting up the ears.— Cowper. 

EAR'-MiRK ED (-markt), pp. Marked on the ear. 

eAR'-MaRK-ING, ppr. Marking on the ear. 

eAR'-PIeR-CING, a. Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp 

_ sound. 

EAR'-SHOT, n. Reach of the ear ; the distance at which 
words may be heard. — Dryden. 

EAR'-TRUMP'ET, n. A tube applied to the ear to aid in 

_ hearing. 

EAR- WAX, ii. The cerumen ; a thick, viscous substance, 

_ secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage. 

EAR'-WIG, n. [Sax. ear-wigga, ear-wicga.] 1. An insect 
with large, transparent wings, which eats fruit and flower- 
leaves, and has been erroneously supposed to creep into 
the human brain through the ear. — 2. Figuratively, one 
who gains the ear of another by stealth and insinuations. 
In New England, this name is vulgarly given to a centiped. 

EAPv-'-WIG, v. t. To gain the ear by stealth, and whisper 
insinuations. [Colloquial in England.'] 

EAR'- WITNESS, n. One who is able to give testimony to 
a fact from his own hearing. 

t_£ARA-BLE, a. Used to be tilled.— Barret. 

eAR'a€HE (ere'ake), n. [See Ache.] Pain in the ear. 

t eARAL, a. Receiving by the ear. — Hewyt. 

EAR.ED, pp. or a. 1. Having ears ; having spikes formed, 
as corn. 2. Plowed ; [obs.] 

EAR'ING, n. In seamen's language, a rope attached to the 
cringle of a sail, by which it is bent or reefed. — R. H. Da- 

_ na, Jr. 

EAR'ING, n. A plowing of land. — Gen., xliv. 

EARL (erl), n. [Sax. eorl.] A British title of nobility, or a 
nobleman, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, 
and next above a viscount. 

EARL'-MAR-SHAL, n. An officer in Great Britain, who 
has the superintendence of military solemnities. It is the 
eighth office in rank, and is hereditary in the family of 
Howard. 

E AR'LAP, n. The tip of the ear. 

f EARLES'-PEN-NY, n. Money given in part payment. 

EARL'DOM (erl'dum), n. The seignory, jurisdiction, or dig- 
nity of an earl. 

EARLTDOR-MAN, n. An ealderman.— Burke. 

E AR'LESS, a. Destitute of ears ; disinclined to hear or listen. 

EAR'LI-NESS (erle-nes), n. A state of advance or for- 
wardness ; a state of being before any thing, or at the be- 

_ ginning. 

EAR'LO-GK, n. [Sax. ear-loca.] A lock or curl of hair, near 
the ear. 

EAR'LY (erly), a. [from Sax. <zr, er.] 1. Tn advance of 
something else ; prior in time. 2. First ; being at the be- 
ginning; as, at early dawn. 3. Being in. good season ; as, 
at an early hour. — Syn. Forward ; timely. 

EAR'LY (erly), adv. Soon ; in good season ; betimes. 

EAR/MARK, n. A mark on the ear, by which a sheep is 
known. 

EARMARK, v. t. To mark, as a sheep, by cropping or slit- 
ting the ear. 
EARN (ern), v. t. [Sax. earnian, eemian, gearnian.] 1. To 
merit or deserve by labor, or by any performance ; to do 
that which entitles to a reward, whether the reward is re- 
ceived or not. 2. To gain by labor, service, or perform- 
ance ; to deserve and receive as compensation ; to ac- 
quire, obtain, win. 
EARN, v. i. [G. gerinnen.] To curdle. [North of England.] 
EARN, v. i. [Sax. gyrnan.] To long for ; to feel anxiety. 

— Spenser. See Yearn. 
FARN.ED (emd), pp. Merited by labor or performance ; 



EARN'EST (ern'est), a. [Sax. earnest or geornest.] 1. Ar- 
dent in the pursuit of an object ; eager to obtain ; having 
a longing desire ; warmly engaged or incited. 2. Spring- 
ing from, or connected with, strong desire ; as, earnest 
prayer. 3. Intent ; fixed ; as, an earnest look. 4. Serious ; 
that is, really intent or engaged ; hence the phrase, in 
earnest. — Syn. Warm ; eager ; zealous ; ardent ; animat- 
ed ; importunate ; fervent. 
EARN'EST (ern'est), n. 1. Seriousness , a reality ; a real 
event ; as opposed to jesting or feigned appearance. — Sid- 
ney. 2. First fruits ; that which is in advance ; giving the 
hope of more ; as, the earnest of the Spirit. 3. A part paid 
or delivered beforehand (as money or goods), under a con. 
tract, as a pledge and security for the whole. Hence, 4. 
A pledge or assurance of something more to come ; as, an 
earnest of success. 
EARN'EST-M<*)N-EY (-mun-ne), n. Money paid as a pledge 

or security, and to close a bargain. 
EARN'EST-LY (ern'est-ly), adv. 1. Warmly; zealously; 
importunately ; eagerly ; with real desire. 2. With fixed 
attention ; with eagerness. 
EARN'EST-NESS (ern'est-nes), n. 1. Ardor in the pursuit 
of any thing ; animated desire. 2. Anxious care ; solici- 
tude ; intenseness of desire. 3. Fixed desire or atten- 
tion ; seriousness. — Syn. Zeal ; warmth ; eagerness ; vehe- 
mence ; fervor ; animation ; importunity ; solemnity. 
t EARN'FUL (ern'ful), a. Full of anxiety.— Fletcher. 
EARN'ING (ern'ing), ppr. Meriting by services ; gaining by 

labor or performance. 
EAPtN'ING (ern'ing), n. ; pi. Earnings. That which .3 
earned ; that which is gained or merited by labor, serv- 
_ ices, or performance ; wages ; reward. 
eAR'PI€K, n. An instrument for cleansing the ear. 
EARTHING, n. A pendant; an ornament, sometimes set 
with diamonds, pearls, or other jewels, worn at the ear, 
by means of a ring passing through the lobe, 
t EARSH, n. [See Ear, to plow.] A plowed field.— May. 
EARTH (erth), n. [Sax. card, eorth, yrth.] 1. Earth, in its 
primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the 
mass of the globe, but more particularly, the particles which 
form the fine mold on the surface of the globe ; or it de- 
notes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter. This 
substance being considered, by ancient philosophers, aa 
simple, was called an element ; and, in popular language. 
we still hear of the four elements, fire, air, earth, and water 
— 2. In chemistry, the term earth was, till lately, employed 
to denote a supposed simple elementary body or sub- 
stance, defined to be tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable, 
and infusible. The primitive earths have been reckoned 
ten in number, of which five are considered earths prop- 
er, viz., alumina, glucina, yttria, zirconia, and thorina, 
four possess decided alkaline properties, viz., baryta, 
strontia, lime, or calcia, and magnesia ; and one, silica, is 
regarded as an acid, and often called silicic acid. — Silli?}ian. 
— Ure. 3. The terraqueous globe which we inhabit. 4. The 
world, as opposed to other scenes of existence. 5. The 
inhabitants of the globe. 6. Dry land, opposed to the sea. 
7. Country ; region ; a distinct part of the globe. 8. The 
ground ; the surface of the earth. — 9. In Scripture, things 
on the earth are carnal, sensual, temporary things ; oppos- 
ed to heavenly, spiritual, or divine things. — 10. Figura- 
tively, a low condition. — Rev., xii., 11. [from ear, Sax. ; 
erian, L. ; aro, to plow.] The act of turning up the ground 
in tillage ; [not used.] 
EAPlTH (erth), v. t. 1. To hide, or cause to hide, in the 
earth ; as, to earth a fox. — Dryden. 2. To cover with earth 
or mold. 
EARTH, v. i. To retire under ground ; to burrow. 
EARTH'-BAG. n. A bag filled with earth, used for defense 

in war. 
EARTH-BANK, n, A bank or mound of earth. 
EARTH'-BoARD, n. The board of a plow that turns over 

the earth ; the mold-board. 
EARTH-BORN, a. 1. Born of the earth ; springing origin- 
ally from the earth.— 2. Figuratively, produced by earthly 
things ; as, earth-born cares.— Syn. Terrigenous ; earthly ; 
terrestrial. 
EARTH-BOUND, a. Fastened by the pressure of tho 

earth. 
EARTH -BRED, a. Low ; abject ; groveling. 
EARTH-€RE-aT'ED, a. Formed of earth.— Young. 
EARTH-FED, a. Low ; abject. — Ben Jonson. 
EARTH-FLAX, to. Asbestus; a fibrous, flexile, elastic min- 
eral substance. 
EARTH-NUT, n. 1. A term applied to certain tuberous 
roots, also called pig-nuts, and having a sweetish taste. 2. 
The seed-vessel and seed of the atrachis hypogcea, a legu- 
minous plant, ripening on or under the earth ; called, also 
pea-nut. 
EARTH'-SHaK-ING, a. Shaking the earth ; having powei 

to shake the earth. — Milton. 
E ARTH'-WAN'DER-ING, a. Roving over the earth.- Bow 
ring. , 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, V$"GTOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z cH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete, 



EAS 



336 



EBB 



feARTH'-WoRK, n. In engineering, a term applied to cut- 
tings, embankments, &c. 

EARTH'-WoRM (erth'-wurm), n. 1. The dew-worm, a 
species of lumbricus ; a worm that lives under ground. 2. 
A mean, sordid wretch. 

E ARTIP.EN (erth'n), a. Made of earth ; made of clay. 

EARTH' .EN-WIRE, n. Ware made of earth; crockery. 
It is less hard than stone-ware. 

EARTHED (ertht), pp. Hid in the earth. 

EARTH'I-NESS, n. The quality of being earthy, or of con- 
taining earth ; grossness. — Johnson. 

EARTH'ING (erth'ing), ppr. Hiding in the earth. 

EARTH'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being earthly ; gross- 
ness. 2. Worldliness ; strong attachment to worldly things. 

EARTH'LING (erthling), n. An inhabitant of the earth ; a 
mortal ; a frail creature. — Drummond. 

EARTH'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth, or to this world. 

2. Belonging to our present state : as, earthly employ- 
ments. 3. Belonging to the earth or world ; carnal ; vile ; 
as opposed to spiritual or heavenly. 4. Corporeal ; not 
mental ; as, earthly eyes. 5. Any thing on earth ; as, " what 
earthly benefit can be the result?" Pope. — Syn. Sordid; 
mean; base; vile. 

EARTH'LY-MlND'ED, a. Having a mind devoted to earth- 
ly things. 

EARTH'LY-MlND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness ; sensuality ; 
extreme devotedness to earthly objects. 

EARTH'QUaKE, n. A shaking, trembling, or concussion of 
the earth; sometimes a slight tremor; at other times a 
violent shaking or convulsion ; at other times a rocking or 
heaving of theearth. Hence, formerly called earth-din. 

EARTH'Y a. 1. Consisting of earth. 2. Resembling earth. 

3. Partaking of earth ; terrene. 4. Inhabiting the earth ; 
terrestrial. 5. Relating to earth. 6. Gross; not refined. 
— 7. Earthy fracture, in mineralogy, is when the fracture of 
a mineral is rough. 

tfASE (eze), n. [Fr. aise ; Arm. aez.] 1. An undisturbed 
state. Applied to the body, freedom from pain, disturb- 
ance, excitement, or annoyance. — 2. Applied to the mind, 
a quiet state ; freedom from pain, concern, anxiety, solic- 
itude, or any thing that frets or ruffles the mind. 3. Rest 
from labor. 4. Freedom from difficulty or great labor ; 
as, to walk with ease. 5. Freedom from stiffness, harsh- 
ness, forced expressions, or unnatural arrangement ; as, 
ease of style. 6. Freedom from constraint or formality ; 
unaffectedness ; as, ease of manner. — At ease, in an un- 
disturbed state ; free from pain or anxiety. — Syn. Rest ; 
quiet; repose; tranquillity; facility; readiness; lightness. 

EASE, v. t. 1. To free from pain or any disquiet or annoy- 
ance, as the body ; to give rest to. 2. To free from anx- 
iety, care, or disturbance, as the mind. 3. To remove a 
burden from, either of body or mind. 4. To abate or re- 
move in part or wholly any burden, pain, grief, anxiety, 
or disturbance. — At ease, without pain or anxiety. — To ease 
off or ease away, in seamen's language, is to slacken a rope 
gradually. — To ease a ship, is to put the helm hard a-lee, or 
regulate the sail, to prevent her pitching when close- 
hauled. — Syn. To relieve ; quiet; calm; tranquilize; as- 
suage ; alleviate ; allay ; mitigate ; appease ; pacify. 

EASED (ezd), pp. Freed from pain ; alleviated. 

£ A.SE'FUL, a. Quiet ; peaceful ; fit for rest.— Shak. 

E .\SE'FUL-LY, adv. With ease or quiet. — Sherwood. 

EASE'FUL-NESS, n. State of being easeful. 

eAS'jEL, n. The frame on which painters place their can- 
vas. — Easel pieces, pictures of such size that they can be 
painted on an easel. 

SASE'LESS, a. Wanting ease. — Donne. 

f ASE'MENT, n. 1. Convenience ; accommodation ; that 
which gives ease, relief, or assistance. Swift. — 2. In law, 
any privilege or convenience which one man has of an- 
other, either by prescription or charter, without profit, as 
a way through his land, &c. 

EAS'I-LY (ez'e-le), adv. 1. Without difficulty or great la- 
bor ; without great exertion, or sacrifice oi labor or ex- 
pense. 2. Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance ; in tran- 
quillity. 3. Readily ; without the pain of reluctance. 4. 
Smoothly ; quietly ; gently ; without tumult or discord. 
5. Without violent shaking or jolting. 

EAS'I-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from difficulty ; ease. 2. Flex- 
ibility ; readiness to comply ; prompt compliance ; a yield- 
ing or disposition to yield without opposition or reluc- 
tance. 3. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort, or 
formality. 4. Rest ; tranquillity ; ease ; freedom from 
pain. — Ray. 5. Freedom from shaking or jolting, as of a 
moving vehicle. 6. Softness, as of a seat. For syn., see 
Ease, n. 

EAS'ING (ez'ing), ppr. Relieving; mitigating. 

EAST, n. [Sax. east.] 1. The point in the heavens where 
the sun is seen to rise at the time of the equinox, or when 
it is in the equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the 
earth ; one of the four cardinal points. — 2. The East, the 
eastern parts of the earth ; the regions or countries which 
lie east of Europe, or other country. 



EAST, a. Toward the rising sun ; or toward the point 

_ where the sun rises, when in the equinoctial. 

EAS'TER, n. [Sax. easier.] A festival of the Christian 
Church, observed in commemoration of our Savior's res- 
urrection, and occurring on Sunday, the third day after 
Good Friday. It answers to the pascha or passover of the 
Hebrews, and most nations give it this name, pascha, pask, 
pdque. 

EASTER-LING, n. 1. A native of some country eastward 
of another. 2. A species of water fowl. 

EAS'TER-LING. See Sterling. 

eAS'TER-LY, a. 1. Coming from the eastward, as wind 
2. Situated toward the east. 3. Toward the east. 4. Look- 

_ ing toward the east. 

EAS'TER-LY, adv. On the east; in the direction of east. 

EASTERN, a. [Sax. eastern.] 1. Oriental ; being or dwell- 
ing in the east. 2. Situated toward the east ; on the east 

_ part. 3. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east. 

EASTWARD, adv. Toward the east ; in the direction of 

_ east from some point or place. 

EAST (e'zy), a. 1. Being at rest; free from pain, disturb- 
ance, or annoyance. 2. Free from anxiety, care, solid 
tude, or peevishness. 3. Giving no pain or disturbance. 
4. Not difficult ; that gives or requires no great labor or 
exertion ; that presents no great obstacles. 5. Not caus- 
ing labor or difficulty. 6. Smooth ; not uneven ; not rough 
or very billy ; that may be traveled with ease. 7. Gentle 
moderate ; not pressing ; as, under easy sail. 8. Yielding 
with little or no resistance; complying; credulous. 9. 
Ready ; not unwilling. 10. Contented. ; satisfied. 11. Giv 
ing ease ; freeing from labor, care, or the fatigue of busi 
ness ; furnishing abundance without toil ; affluent. 12, 
Not constrained ; not stiff or formal. 13. Smooth ; flow 
ing ; not harsh ; as, an easy style. 14. Not jolting or pitch 
ing, as a carriage or a ship. 15. Not heavy or burden- 
some; as, "my yoke is easy." — Syn. Quiet; tranquil 
secure ; calm ; facile ; ready. 

EAT, v. t.; pret. ate; pp. eat or eaten. [Sax. hitan, eatan, 
ytan, and etan.] 1. To bite or chew and swallow, as food 
2. To wear away ; to separate parts of a thing gradually, 
as a cancer. 3. To waste or absorb. 4. To enjoy. 5. To 
waste ; to oppress. 6. To feast. — In Scripture, to eat the 
flesh of Christ, is to believe on him and be nourished by 
faith. — To eat one's %oords, is to swallow back ; to take back 
what has been uttered ; to retract. Hudibras. — Syn. To 

_ consume ; devour ; gnaw ; corrode. 

EAT, v. i. 1. To take food ; to feed ; to take a meal, or to 
board. 2. To take food ; to be maintained in food. 3. To 
taste or relish ; as, it eats like the tenderest beef. Mai- 
com. — Willis. — To eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way 
by corrosion ; to gnaw ; to enter by gradually wearing or 
separating the parts of a substance. — To eat out, to con- 

_ sume. 

EAT'A-BLE, a. That may be eaten ; fit to be eaten ; proper 

_ for food ; esculent. 

EAT'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be eaten ; that which 
is fit for food ; that which is used as food. 

eATAgE, n. Food for horses and cattle from the after- 
math. See Afteb-eatage. 

EATEN (etfn), pp. Chewed and swallowed ; consumed ; 

_ corroded. 

EATER, n. One who eats ; that which eats or corrodes ; a 
corrosive. 

tEATH, a. 1. Easy. 2. adv. Easily. 

EATING, ppr. Chewing and swallowing ; consuming; cor- 

_ roding. 

EATING, n. The act of chewing and swallowing food. 

EATING-HOUSE, n. A house where provisions are sold 
ready dressed. 

EA U DE -CO-LoGNE' (6 'de-ko-lone'), n. A perfumed spir- 
it, originally prepared at Cologne. 

EAU DE LUCE (0 'de-luse'), n. A strong solution of am- 
monia, scented and rendered milky by mastic and oil oi 

_ amber. — Brande. 

EAVES (evz), n. pi. [Sax. efese.] The edge or lower border 
of the roof of a building, which overhangs the walls, ano 

_ casts off the water that falls on the roof. 

EAVES'-DROP, v. i. To stand under the eaves or near the 
windows of a house, to listen and learn what is said with 
in doors ; hence, figuratively, to watch for opportunities 

_ of hearing the private conversation of others. 

EAVES'-DROP'PER, n. One who stands under the eavet 
or near the window or door of a house, to listen and hear 
what is said within doors; hence, figuratively, one who 
watches for an opportunity to hear the private conversa- 
tion of others. 

EAVES'-DROP'PING, n. The act of watching for an op- 
portunity to hear the private conversation of others. 

EBB, n. [Sax. e&&e, ebba.] 1. The reflux of the tide ; the re- 
turn of tide- water toward the sea ; opposed to flood or 
flowing. 2. Decline ; decay ; a falling from a better to a 
worse state. 

EBB, v. i. [Sax. ebban.] 1. To flow back, as the water of a 






i Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— a, e, i, &c, sJiort.—F A.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



ECC 



337 



ECL 



tide toward the ocean ; opposed to ftoio. Hence, 2. To re- 
turn or fall back from a better to a worse state.— Syn. To 
recede ; retire ; decay ; decrease ; sink ; lower. 

EBB'-TlDE, n. The reflux of tide-water ; the retiring tide. 

EBB'ING, ppr. Flowing back ; declining ; decaying. 

EBB'ING, n. The reflux of the tide. 

V FB'C)V \ n ' '^ lie same as e bony. 

S'BI-O-NlTE, n. A term applied to those Jewish Christians 
in the first ages of the Church who combined Judaism 
with Christianity, rejected much of the New Testament, 
and were accounted heretics by the Christian Fathers. — 
J. Murdoch. 

g'BI-O-NlTE, a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites. 

EB'ON, jz. Consisting of ebony ; like ebony ; black. 

EB'ON-lZE, v. t. To make black or tawny ; to tinge with 
the color of ebony. — Walsh. 

EB'ON-lZ£D, pp. Tinged with the color of ebony. 

EB'ON-Y, n. [L. ebenusJ] 1. The popular name of various 
trees, some of which, growing in hot climates, are highly 
esteemed for their wood. 2. A hard, heavy, and durable 
wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. The best is 
jet black. 

EB'ON-Y-TREE, n. The popular name of a Cretan shrub. 

E-BRAC'TE-ATE, a. In botany, without a bractea. 

E-BRl'E-TY, n. [L. ebrietas.] Drunkenness ; intoxication 
by spirituous liquors. 

E-BRIL'LADE, n. [Fr.] A check given to a horse, by a sud- 
den jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn. 

E-BRI-OS'I-TY, n. [L. ebriositas.] Habitual drunkenness. 

E-BUL'LIEN-CY (e-bul'yen-sy), n. [See Ebullition.] A 
boiling over. — Cudworth. 

E-BUL'LIENT, a. Boiling over, as a liquor. — Young. 

£B-UL-Li"TION (eb-ul-lish'un). n. [L. ebullitio.] 1. The op- 
eration of boiling ; the agitation of a liquor by heat, which 
throws it up in bubbles. . 2. Effervescence, which is occa- 
sioned by fermentation, or by any other process which 
causes the extrication of an aeriform fluid, as in the mix- 
ture of an acid with a carbonated alkali. 

E-BUR'NE-AN, a. [L. eburneus.] Made of ivory. 

E-GAU'DATE, a. In botany, without a tail or spur. 

EG'BA-SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, a figure in which the orator 
treats of things according to their events or consequences. 

E€-BATTG, a. [Gr. ek and ftaivw.) In grammar, denoting 
a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from telle, 
which denotes purpose or final cause. Thus, the phrase 
Iva TiXypwOr), if rendered " so that it was fulfilled," is ec- 
batic ; if rendered " in order that it might be fulfilled," is 
telic. 

EGTJO-LE, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, a digression, in which a 
person is introduced speaking his own words. 

E€-€A-LE-o'BI-ON, n. [Gt. ekkc^ew, to call out, and (iios, 
life.] A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat 

E-&CE Ho' MO. [L. behold the man.] A name given to any 
Picture which represents the Savior as given up to the 
,>*ople by Pilate. 

E€-CEN'TRI€, \ a. [L. eccentricus.] 1. Deviating or de- 

EG-CEN'TRIG-AL, 5 parting from the center.— 2. la geom- 
etry, a term applied to circles or spheres, which, though 
contained in some measure within each other, yet have 
not the same center. 3. Not terminating in the same 
point, nor directed by the same principle. 4. Deviating 
from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms 
or laws ; departing from the usual course ; as, an eccentric 
genius. — Syn. Irregular ; anomalous ; singular ; odd ; par- 
ticular ; strange ; whimsical. 

E€-CEN'TRI€, \ n. A wheel or disk having its 

E€-CEN'TRI€ WHEEL, $ axis placed out of the center, 
and used for obtaining a reciprocating or alternate motion 
from a circular one, or vice versa. 

£G-CEN'TRI€, n. 1. A circle not having the same center 
as another. 2. That which is irregular or anomalous. 

EC-CEN'TRIC-AL-LY, adv. With eccentricity ; in an ec- 
centric manner. 

^€-CEN-TRIC'I-TY, n. 1. Deviation from a center. 2. 
The state of having a center different from that of anoth- 
er circle. — 3. In astronomy, the distance of the center of a 
planet's orbit from the center of the sun ; that is, the dis- 
tance between the center of an ellipse and its focus. 4. 
Departure or deviation from that which is stated, regular, 
or usual. 5. Excursion from the proper sphere. 

E-G'CE SIG'JSUM. [L.] See the sign, evidence, or proof. 

E€-€HY-Mo'SIS, n. [Gr. c/exv^uxns.] In medicine, an ap- 
pearance of livid spots on the skin, occasioned by ex- 
travasated blood. 
EG-€Le'SI-aRGH, n. [Gr. ekkX^iu and cipxn-] A ruler of 

the church. 
EC-€LE-SI-AS'TES (ek-kle-ze-as'tez), n. [Gr. EKK\i,otaoTrfi, 

a preacher.] A canonical book of the Old Testament. 

EG-GLE-SI-ASTIG, \a. [Gr. ekk^oiogtikos.] Pertain- 

£G-€LE-SI-ASTI€-AL, 5 ing or relating to the church.— 

Ecclesiastical stateis the body of the clergy. — Ecclesiastical 

States, the territory subject to the Pope of Rome, as its 



temporal ruler. [Eccle'sial was used by Milton, out is c*> 
solete.] 

EC-GLE-SI-ASTIG, n. A person in orders, or consecrated 
to the service of the clmrch and the ministry of religion. 

^€-€LE-SI-ASTI€-AL-LY, adv. In an ecclesiastical man- 
ner. 

E€-€LE-SI-AS'TI-€US, n. A book of the Apocrypha. 

EG-CLE-SI-O-LOG'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to ecclesiology. 

EC-GLE-SI-OL'O-GIST, n. One versed in ecclesiolo gy. 

EC-CLE-SI-OL'O-GY, n. The science of church-builiing 
and decoration. 

E€-€0-PROT'I€, a. [Gr. ek and kott/jo?.] Having the qual- 
ity of promoting alvine discharges; laxative; loosening; 
gently cathartic. 

EG-CO-PROTTG, n. A medicine which purges gently ; a 
mild cathartic. — Coxe. 

ECH'E-LON (esh'e-lon), n. [Fr.] In military tactics, the po- 
sition of an army in the form of steps, or with one division 
more advanced than another. — Wellington. 

E-CHLD'NA, n. A genus of ant-eaters in New Holland. 

ECH'IN-ATE, I a. [L. echinus.] Set with prickles ; prick- 

EGHIN-a-TED, 5 ly, like a hedgehog ; having sharp points , 
bristled. — Martyn. 

E-€HIN'I-DAN, n. A radiate animal, a species of the family 
of the echini. See Echinus, No. 2. 

ECH'IN-lTE (ek'in-ite), n. The fossil echinus, or sea urchin, 
found in chalk pits. 

EGH-IN'O-DERM, n. [Gr. extvos and Sep^a.] A radiate an- 
imal, having an opaque, leathery, or crustaceous skin, with 
tubercles or even movable spines, as the star-fish, sea ur- 
chin, &c. — Kirby. 

ECH-i'NUS, n. ; pi. Echini. [L.] 1. A hedgehog. 2. A term 
applied to radiate animals, having nearly the form of a 
sphere, flattened on the lower side, and covered with a 
firm shell, set with movable spines. The shells, without 
the spines, are often called sea-eggs. — 3. With botanists, a 
prickly head or top of a plant ; an echmated pericarp.— 4. 
In architecture, a molding or ornament, in the shape of a 
chestnut, .near the bottom of Ionic, Corinthian, or Com- 
posite capitals ; the ovolo, or quarter-round. 

ECH'O (ek'o), n. [L. echo.] 1. A sound reflected or rever- 
berated from a solid body ; sound returned ; repercussion > 
of sound.— 2. In fabulous history, a nymph, the daughter of 
the Air and Tellus, who pined into a sound for love of; 
Narcissus. — 3. In architecture, a vault or arch for producing, 
an echo. 

ECHO, v. i. 1. To resound ; to reflect sound. 2. To be 
sounded back. 

ECHO, v t. To reverberate or send back sound ; to return, 
wbat has been uttered. 

E-GH'cED (ek'ode), pp. Reverberated, as sound. 

EGH'O-LNG, ppr. or a. Reverberating ; sending back sound. 

ECH'O-LESS, a. Destitute of an echo. 

E-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. nxoS an d p-erpov.] Among musi- 
cians, a scale or rule, serving to measure the duration of 
sounds. 

E-€HOM'E-TRY, n. 1. The art or act of measuring the 
duration of sounds. 2. The art of constructing vaults to 
produce echoes. 

E-GL XIR/Cf SE, v. t. [Fr. eclaircir.] To make clear ; to ex 
plain ; to clear up what is not understood or misunder- 
stood. 

* E-GLaIRCISSE-MENT (ek-klarisis-mang), n. [Fr.] Ex- 
planation ; the clearing up of any thing not before under 
stood. 

EG-LAMP'SY, n. [Gr. eaoWuW? .] A shining ; a flashing of : 
light ; a symptom of epilepsy. Hence, epilepsy itself. 

*E-€LaT' (e-kla'), n. [Fr.] 1. A burst of applause; accla- 
mation ; applause ; approbation ; renown. 2. Splendor , 
show ; pomp. 

EG-LEGTIG, a. [Gr. ek^ektikos.] Selecting; choosing; an 
epithet given to certain philosophers of antiquity who did 
not attach themselves to any particular sect, but selected 
from the opinions and principles of each what they thought 
solid and good. 

EG-LEGTIC, n. 1. A philosopher who selected from the 
various systems such opinions and principles as he judged 
to be sound and rational. 2. A Christian who adhered to 
the doctrines of the Eclectics. Also, one of a sect of phy- 
sicians. 

E€-LEG'TI€-AL-LY, adv. By way of choosing or select- 
ing ; in the manner of the eclectical philosophers. 

EG-LE€'TI-CISM, n. 1. The act or practice of selecting 
from different systems. 2. The doctrine of the eclectics. 

EC-LEGM' (ek-lem'), n. [Gr. ek and Xa^w.] A medicine 
made by the incorporation of oils with sirups. 

E-GLIP-S'l'RE-ON, n. An instrument for explaining the 
phenomena of eclipses. 

E-GLIPSE' (e-klips'). n. [L. eclipsis.] 1. Literally, a defect 
or failure ; hence, in astronomy, an interception or obscu- 
ration of the light of the sun. moon, or other luminary by 
some opaque body. 2. Darkness ; obscuration. 

E-CLiPSE' (e-klips'), v. t. 1. To hide a lumincus body, id 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ECU 



338 



EDG 



wnole or in part, and intercept its rays. 2. To obscure ; 
to darken, by intercepting the rays of light which render 
luminous. 3. To cloud ; to darken ; to obscure ; as, to 
eclipse the glory of any one. 4. To disgrace. 5. To ex- 
tinguish. 

ELLIPSE' (e-klips'), v. i. To suffer an eclipse.— Milton. 

E-CLlPSSD' (e-klipsf), pp. Concealed ; darkened ; ob- 
scured ; disgraced. 

E-CLlPSTNG, ppr. Concealing ; obscuring ; darkening ; 
clouding. 

E-GLIP'TIC, n. [Gr. zicXtinTiKos.} 1. A great circle of the 
sphere, supposed to be drawn through the middle of the 
zodiac, making an angle with the equinoctial of 23° 28', 
which is the sun's greatest declination. The ecliptic is 
the apparent path of the sun. — 2. In geography, a great 
circle on the terrestrial globe, answering to and falling 
within the plane of the celestial ecliptic. 

E-CLIP'TLG, a. Pertaining to or described by the ecliptic. 

2. Suffering an eclipse. — Herbert. 

ECLOGUE (eklog), n. [Gr. acXoyri.] A pastoral poem, in 

which shepherds are introduced conversing with each 

other. 

E-CO-NOM1C, )a. 1. Pertaining to the regulation of 

E-CO-NOM'IC-AL, ) household concerns. 2. Managing 

domestic or public pecuniary concerns with frugality. 

3. Regulated by frugality ; not wasteful or extravagant. 
— Syn. Frugal ; sparing ; saving ; thrifty ; careful. 

£-€0-NOM'IC-AL-LY, ado. With economy ; with fru- 
gality. 

E-CO-NOM'ICS, n. The science of household affairs. 

E-CON'O-MIST, n. 1. One who manages domestic or other 
concerns with frugality. 2. One who is conversant with 
political economy. 

E-€ON'0-MlZE, v. i. To manage pecuniary concerns with 
frugality ; to make a prudent use of money, or of the 
means of saving or acquiring property. 

E-CON'O-MlZE, v. t. To use with prudence ; to expend 
with frugality. 

E-CON'O-MlZi-D, pp. Used with frugality. 

E-€ON'0-MlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Using with frugality. 

E-CON'O-MY, n. [L. ceconomia.] 1. The management, reg- 
ulation, and government of a family or the concerns of a 
household. 2. The management of pecuniary concerns 
or the expenditure of money. 3. A frugal and judicious 
use of money ; frugality jn the necessary expenditure of 
money. It differs from parsimony, which implies an im- 
proper saving of expense. 4. The disposition or arrange- 
ment of any work. — Dryden. 5. A system of rules, regu- 
lations, rites, and ceremonies. 6. The regular operations 
of nature in the generation, nutrition, and preservation of 
animals or plants. 7. Distribution or due order of things. 
8. Judicious and frugal management of public affairs. 9. 
System of management ; general regulation and disposi- 
tion of the affairs of a state or nation, or of any depart- 
ment of government. 

EC'PHA-SIS, n. [Gr.] An explicit declaration. 

E€-PHO-Ne'SIS, n. [Gr.] A passionate exclamation. 

EC-PHRACTIC, a. [Gr. ek and (pparrw.] In medicine, de- 
obstruent; attenuating. 

EG-PHRAC'TIC, n. A medicine which dissolves or attenu- 
ates viscid matter, and removes obstructions. 

ECSTA-SI.ED (ek'sta-sid), pp. or a. Enraptured ; ravished ; 
transported ; delighted. 

EC'STA-SY, n. [Gr. tKarauiS.] 1. A fixed state ; a trance ; 
a state in which the mind is arrested and fixed, or, as we 
say, lost ; a state in which the functions of the senses are 
suspended by the contemplation of some extraordinary or 
supernatural object. 2. Excessive joy ; rapture ; trans- 
port ; a degree of delight that arrests the whole mind. 3. 
Enthusiasm ; excessive elevation and absorption of mind ; 
extreme delight. 4. Excessive grief or anxiety.— Shah. ; 
[not used.] 5. Madness ; distraction. — Skak. ; [not used.] 
— 6. In medicine, a species of catalepsy, when the person 
remembers, after the paroxysm is over, the ideas he had 
during the fit. 

EC'STA-SY, v. t. To fill with rapture or enthusiasm. 

EC-STATIC, \a. 1. Arresting the mind; suspending 

EC-STAT'IC-AL, $ the senses ; entrancing. 2. Rapturous ; 
transporting ; ravishing ; delightful beyond measure. 3. 
Tending to external objects ; [not used.] 

EC-STAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. In an ecstatic manner. 

ECTA-SIS, n. [Gr. from iktuvw.] In rhetoric, the length- 
ening of a syllable from short to long. 

E€-THLIP'SIS, n. [Gr.] A figure of prosody by which a 
final m with the preceding vowel is cut off, when the next 
word begins with a vowel. 

EC'TY-PAL, a. Taken from the original.— Ellis. 

t EG'TfPE, n. [Gr. e/cruTroff.] 1. A copy. Locke.— 2. In ar- 
chitecture, an object in relievo or embossed.— Gwilt. 

EC-U-MENTG, 1 a. [Gr. oikoviiwikoS.] General; univers- 

EC-U-MEN'IC-AL, 5 al ; [applied to general councils of the 
Church.] 

^€'U-RIE, n. [Fr.] A stable ; a covered place for horses. 



E-DI'CIOUS (e-da'shus), a. [L. edax.] Eating ; given to eat- 
ing; greedy; veracious. 

E-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. Greedily; with a keen appetite. 

E-DAC'I-TY, n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness ; voracity ; rav- 
enousness ; rapacity. 

ED'DA, n. [Ic. The mother of poetry.] A collection of po- 
ems exhibiting the Runic or Scandinavian mythology, phi- 
losophy, &c. 

ED'DER, n. [qu. Sax. eder.] In husbandry, such flexible 
wood as is worked into the top of hedge-stakes to bind 
them together. 

ED'DER, n. [Sax. tetter.] A viper. 

ED'DER, v. t. To bind or make tight by edder ; to faster 
the tops of hedge-stakes, by interweaving edder. [England.] 

ED'DER_ED, pp. Bound or made tight by edder. 

ED'DER-ING, ppr. Binding or fastening by edder. 

ED'DISH, ) n. The latter pasture or grass that comes aftei 

E AD'ISH, ) mowing or reaping ; called, also, eagrass, earsh, 
etch._ [Not used, I believe, in America.] 

ED'DoES. ) n. A name given to a variety of the arum escu- 

ED'DERS, > lentum, an esculent root. 

EDDY, n. [Sax. ed and ea.] 1. A current of water running 
back, or in a direction contrary to the main stream. 2. A 
whirlpool ; a current of water or air in a circular direc 
tion. 

ED'DY, v. i. To move circularly, or as an eddy. Thomson 
uses it actively, to cause to move in an eddy. 

ED'DY, a. Whirling ; moving circularly. — Dryden. 

ED'DY-WA'TER, n. Among seamen, the water which, by 
some interruption in its course, runs contrary to the di- 
rection of the tide or current. — Totten. 

ED'DY-WlND, n. The wind returned or beat back from a 
sail, a mountain, or any thing that hinders its passage. 

ED'DY-ING, ppr. or a. Moving circularly, as an eddy. 

ED'E-LlTE, n. A variety of the mineral natrolite. 

E-DEM'A-TOUS, \ a. [Gr. oifyiia.] Swelling with a serous 

E-DEM'A-ToSE. 5 humor; dropsical. 

E'DEN, n. [Heb.] The country and garden in which Adam 

_ and Eye were placed by God himself; Paradise. 

E'DEN-lZJSD, a. Admitted into Paradise. — Davies. 

E-DEN-Ta'TA, n. pi. In natural history, an order of animals 
destitute of front teeth, as the armadillo. — Bell. 

E-DEN'TATE, n. An animal having no fore teeth. 

E-DEN'TATE, I a. [L. edentatus.] Destitute, or deprived 

E-DEN'Ta-TED, > of teeth ; applied especially to the ordei 
edentata. 

t E-DEN-TX'TION, ?i. A depriving cf teeth.— Cockeram. 

EDGE (ej), n. [Sax. ecg ; Dan. eg,] 1. In a general sense, 
the extreme border or point of any thi?>g ; as, the edge of 
a precipice. It is particularly applied to the sharp border, 
the thin cutting extremity of an m&'jiT.rcieiit. — 2. Figura- 
tively, that which cuts or penetrates ; that which wounds 
or injures. 3. A narrow part rising from a broader. 4. 
Sharpness of mind or appetite ; keenness ; intenseness of 
desire ; fitness for action or operation. 5. Keenness ; 
sharpness ; aci'imony. — To set the teeth on edge, to cause a 
tingling or grating sensation in the teeth. Bacon. — Syn. 
Border ; rim ; brink ; verge ; skirt ; margin ; brim. 

EDGE, v. t. [W. hogi ; Sax. eggio/n..] 1. To sharpen. 2. To 
furnish with an edge. 3. To border ; to fringe. 4. To 
border; to furnish with an ornamental border. 5. To 
sharpen; to exasperate; to imbitter. 6. To incite; to 
provoke ; to urge on ; to instigate ; that is, to push on as 
with a sharp point ; to goad ; [erroneously written egg.] 
7. To move sideways ; to move by little and little. 

EDGE, v. i. 1. To move sideways ; to move gradually. 2. 
To sail close to the wind. — To edge away, in sailing, is to 
increase the distance gradually from a coast or other ob- 
ject. — To edge in with a coast or vessel, is to advance 
gradually, and not directly, toward it. — Totten. 

EDgE'-RaIL, n. A name given to the ordinary iron rail of 
a rail-way, on the upper surface or edge of which (so 
called from its narrowness) the wheels of the cars move. 
— Brande. 

EDgE'-TOOL, n. An instrument having a sharp edge ; ap- 
plied particularly to the coarser kinds of cutting instru 
ments, as axes, chisels, &c. 

EDrtiJD (ejd), pp. 1. Furnished with an edge or border 
~'. Incited; instigated. 3. a. Sharp; keen. 

EDgE'LESS, a. Not sharp; blunt; obtuse; unfit to cut oi 
penetrate. — Shak. 

EDGEWISE, adv. 1. With the edge turned forward, o? 
toward a particular point; in the direction of the edge 
2. Sideways ; with the side foremost. 

EDG'ING. ppr. 1. Giving an edge ; furnishing with an edge. 

2. Inciting ; urging on ; goading ; stimulating ; instigating. 

3. Moving gradually or sideways. 4. Furnishing with s 
border. 

EDG'ING, n. 1. That which is added on the border, or 
which forms the edge ; as lace, fringe, trimming, added tc 
a garment for ornament. 2. A narrow lace. — 3. In gar- 
dening, a row of small plants, as box, set along the border 
of a bed. 



* See Synopsis. A, e, 1, &c., long.— a, 6, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ; PREY ; MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



EDU 



339 



EFF 



EDTBLE, a, [h. edo.\ Eatable ; fit to be eaten as food ; es- 
culent. 

* EDICT, n. [L. edictum.] That which is uttered or pro- 
claimed by authority as a rule of action ; an order issued 
by a prince to his subjects, as a rule or law requiring obe- 
dience. — The Edict of Nantes was an edict issued by Hen- 
ry IV., of France, in 1598, giving his Protestant subjects the 
free exercise of their religion. The revocation of this 
edict by Louis XIV., about a century after, led to a cruel 
persecution, which drove most of the Protestants out of 
the kingdom. Brande. — Syn. Decree ; proclamation; mani- 
festo ; command. 

ED'I-FI-CANT or E-DIFl-CANT, a. Building. [Little used.] 

ED-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. edijicatio.] 1. A building up, in a 
moral and religious sense ; instruction ; improvement and 
progress of the mind, in knowledge, in morals, or in faith 
and holiness. 2. Instruction ; improvement of the mind 
in any species of useful knowledge. 3. A building or edi- 
fice ; [unusual] 

ED'I-FI-CI-TO-RY or E-DIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Tending to 
edification. — Hall. 

ED'I-FlCE, n. [L. cedificium.] A building ; a structure ; a 
fabric ; but appropriately, a large or splendid building. 

ED-I-Fl"CIAL (ed-e-fish'al), a. Pertaining to edifices or to 
structure. 

ED'1-Fl.ED (ed'e-f ide), pp. Instructed ; improved in litera- 
ry, moral, or religious knowledge. 

ED'I-Fl-ER, n. One that improves another by instructing 
him._ 

ED'I-Fy, v. t. [L. cedifico.] 1. To build, in a literal sense ; 
[not now used.] 2. To instruct and improve the mind in 
knowledge generally, and particularly in moral and relig- 
ious knowledge, in faith and holiness. 3. To teach or per- 
suade ; [not used.] 

ED'I-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Instructing ; improving ; adapted to 
instruct. 

ED'1-Fy-ING-LY, adv. In an edifying manner. 

ED'I-FY-ING-NESS, n. The quality of being edifying. 

ETJlLE, n. [L. adilis.] A Roman magistrate whose chief 
business was to superintend buildings of all kinds, more 
especially public edifices, temples, bridges, aqueducts, 
&_c. 

BDiLE-SHIP, n. The office of edile in ancient Rome. 

ED'IT, v. t. [L. edo.] 1. Properly, to publish ; more usually, 
to superintend a publication ; to prepare a book or paper 
for the public eye, by writing, correcting, or selecting the 
matter. 2. To publish. 

ED'IT-ED, pp. Published; corrected; prepared and pub- 
lished. 

ED'IT-ING, ppr. Publishing ; preparing for publication. 

E-DFTI-0 PRIN'CEPS(e-dish'e-o). [L.] The earliest print- 
ed edition of an author. — Brande. 

E-Dl"TION (e-dish'un), n. [L. editio.] 1. The publication of 
any book or writing. 2. Republication ; sometimes with 
revision and correction. 3. Any publication of a book be- 
fore published; also, one impression or the whole num- 
oer of copies published at once ; as, the second edition. 
E-DI"TION-ER, n. The old word for editor.— Gregory. 

ED'I-TOR, n. [L.] 1. A publisher; particularly, a person 
who superintends an impression of a book ; the person 
who revises, corrects, and prepares a book for publica- 
tion. 2. One who superintends the publication of a news- 
paper. 

ED-I-ToTJ-AL, a. Pertaining to an editor ; written by an 
editor. 

ED'I-TOR-SHIP, n. The business of an editor. 

ED'I-TRESS, n, A female editor. 

f E-DITTJ-aTE, v. t. [Low L. cedituor.] To defend or gov- 
ern the bouse or temple. 

ED'U-CA-BLE, a. That may be educated. 

ED'U-CaTE (ed'yu-kate), v. t. [L. educo.] To bring up, as a 
child ; to inform and enlighten the understanding ; to in- 
still into the mind principles of arts, science, morals, re- 
ligion, and behavior. — Syn. To instruct ; teach ; inform ; 
breed ; bring up ; train ; mature ; rear ; discipline ; indoc- 
trinate. 

ED'U-G A -TED, pp. or a. Bvought up ; instructed ; furnished 
with knowledge or principles ; trained ; disciplined. 

SD'U-Ci-TING, ppr. Instructing ; enlightening the under- 
standing, and forming the manners. 

ED-U-Ca'TION, n. [L. educatio.] The bringing up, as of a 
child; instruction; formation of manners. — Syn. Nurture; 
discipline ; instruction ; trainhig ; breeding ; tuition. 

ED-U-€a'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to education ; derived 
frcm education. — Smith. 

EDTJ-CX-TOR, n. One who educates.— South.— Beddoes. 

E-DuCE', v. t. [L. educo.] To bring or draw out ; to ex- 
tract; to elicit; to produce from a state of occultation. 

F.-DVCED' (e-dustf), pp. Drawn forth ; extracted ; pro- 
duced. 

E-DuCTNG, ppr. Drawing forth ; producing. 
STJUCT, n. [L. eductum.] Extracted matter ; that which 
is educed. 



E-DUCTION, n. The act of drawing .\it, or bringing into 
view. 

E-DUCTOR , n. That which brings forth, elicits, or extracts. 

E-DUL'CO-RaTE, v. t. [Low L. edulco.] Literally, to sweet 
en. — In old chemistry, to render substances more mild, by 
freeing them from acids and salts, or other soluble impuri- 
ties, by washing. — In modem chemistry, to cleanse pulver- 
ulent substances by washing away all particles soluble in 
water. — Ure. 

E-DUL'€0-Ra-TED, pp. Purified from acid or other for- 
eign substances. 

E-DUL'CO-RI-TING, ppr. Purifying from acid or -othe 
foreign substances. 

E-DUL-CO-Ra'TION, n. Literally, the act of sweetening. 
In chemistry, the act of freeing pulverulent substances from 
acids or any soluble impurities, by repeated affusions of 
water. 

E-DUL'CO-RA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of sweetening 
or purifying by affusion. 

EDWARDS-lTE, n. A mineral identical with monazite. 

EEK. See Eke. 

EEL, n. [Sax. eel.] The popular name of the anguiUa, a 
genus of soft-finned fishes, of a serpent-like shape, covered 
with a thick, slimy skin, and living much in mud. 

EEL'-FISH-ING, n. The act or art of catching eels. 

EEL'-POT, n. A kind of basket used for catching eels. 

EEL-POUT, n. The burbot, a fresh-water fish somewhat 
resembling the eel in appearance, and hence the name. 

EEL'-SKIN, n. The skin of an eel. 

EEL'-SPeAR, n. A forked instrument used for catching 

_ eels. 

E'EN. 1. A contraction for even, which see. 2. The old 
plural for eyes. — Spenser. 

E'ER (ar), contracted from ever, which see. 

t EF'FA-BLE, a. [L. effabilis.] Utterable ; that may be ut- 
tered or spoken. 

EF-FaCE', v. t. [Fr. effacer.] 1. To destroy a figure on the 
surface of any thing, whether painted or carved, so as to 
render it invisible or not distinguishable. 2. To strike or 
scratch out, su as to destroy or render illegible. 3. To 
destroy any impression on the mind ; to wear away. — To 
deface, is to injure or impair a figure ; to efface is to rub 
out or destroy, so as to render invisible. — Syn. To blot 
out_; expunge ; rase ; erase ; obliterate ; cancel ; destroy. 

EF-FaCED' (ef-faste'), pp. Rubbed or worn out ; destroyed, 
as a figure or impression. 

EF-FaCE'MENT, n. Act of effacing. 

EF-FaCTNG, ppr. or a. Destroying a figure, character, or 
impression, on any thing. 

t EF-F AS'CIN-ITE, v. t. To bewitch ; to charm ; to fascinate. 

EF-FAS-CI-N a'TION, n. The act of being bewitched or de- 
luded.— Shelford. 

EF-FECT', n. [L. effectus.] 1. That which is produced by 
an agent or cause. 2. That which follows ; result ; con- 
sequence ; event ; as, to do this is, in effect, to set aside the 
laws. 3. Purpose; general intent; as, he spoke to this 
effecf.. 4. Consequence intended ; utility ; profit ; advan- 
tage. 5. Force ; validity ; as, to be of no effect. 6. Com- 
pletion ; perfection. 7. B.eality ; not mere appearance ; 
fact. 8. In the plural, effects are goods ; movables ; per- 
sonal estate. — 9. In painting, truthful imitation heightened 
and made more impressive chiefly by the artifices of light, 
shade, and color. — Jocelyn. Hence, to do any thing for effect, 
is to do it for the purpose of heightening or exaggerating. 

EF-FECT', v. t. 1. To produce, as a cause or agent ; to cause 
to be. 2. To bring to pass. — Syn. To accomplish ; fulfill ; 
realize ; achieve ; complete ; execute ; effectuate. 

EF-FECTED, pp. Done; performed; accomplished. 

EF-FECT'I-BLE, a. That may be done or achieved , prac- 
ticable , feasible. — Brown. 

EF-FECTTNG, ppr. Producing ; performing ; accomplishing. 

EF-FECTION, n. 1. Creation or production. 2. The geo- 
metrical construction of a proposition ; a problem or prax- 
is, drawn from some general proposition. 

EF-FECTlVE, a. 1. Having the power to cause or pro- 
duce ; efficaciotis. 2. Operative ; active ; having the quali- 
ty of producing effects ; as, an effective speech. 3. Caus- 
ing to be. 4. Having the power of active operation ; able ( 
fit for service ; as, effective troops. — Syn. Efficient ; effica- 
cious ; effectual ; operative ; forcible ; active ; powerful ; 
energetic. 

EF-FECTIVE-LY, adv. With effect; powerfully; with real 
operation. 

EF-FE€TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being effective. 

EF-FE€T'LESS, a. Without effect ; without advantage , 
useless. — Shak. 

EF-FECTOR, n. One who effects ; one who produces or 
causes ; a maker or creator. — Derham. 

EF-FECTS', n. pi. Goods ; movables ; personal estate. 

EF-FECFU-AL, a. 1. Producing an effect, or the effect de- 
sired or intended ; or having adequate power or force to 
produce the effect 2. Veracious ; expressive of facts. — 
Shak ; [not used.] < 



D6VE - BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GEB. VfciOUS.— € as K : <J as J; S as Z; cH as SH ; TH as o this, t Obsolete 



EFF 



340 



EGE 



EF-FE€T'U-AL-LY, adv. With effect; efficaciously; in a 
manner to produce the intended effect ; thoroughly. 

EF-FECTTJ-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being effectual.— 
Scott. 

EF-FE€TU-aTE, v. t. [Fr. effectuer.] To bring to pass ; to 
acliieve ; to accomplish ; to fulfill. — Sidney. 

EF-FECTU-A-TED. pp. Accomplished. 

EF-FECT'U-A-TING, ppr. Achieving ; performing to effect. 

EF-FE€T-U-a'TION, n. Act of effecting.— Dwight. 
EF-FECT'U-OUS, a. Effectual.— Barret. 

1 EF-FE€T'U-OUS-LY, adv. Effectually.— Stapleton, 

EF-FEM'I-NA-CY, n. 1. The softness, delicacy, and weak- 
ness 'in men, which are characteristic of the female sex, 
but which in males are deemed a reproach ; unmanly deli- 
cacy ; womanish softness or weakness. 2. Voluptuous- 
ness ; indulgence in unmanly pleasures ; lasciviousness. 

EF-FEM'I-NATE, a. [L. effaminatus.] 1. Having the quali- 
ties of the female sex ; soft or delicate in an unmanly de- 
gree; tender; womanish; voluptuous. 2. Resembling the 
practice or qualities of the sex. 3. Womanlike, tender, in 
a sense not reproachful. — Syn. Womanish ; weak ; ten- 
der ; unmanly ; voluptuous ; delicate ; cowardly. 

EF-FEM'1-NaTE, v. t. To make womanish ; to unman ; to 
weaken. — Locke. 

EF-FEM'I-NaTE, v. i. To grow womanish or weak ; to melt 
into weakness. 

EF-FEM'I-Na-TED, pp. Made or become womanish. 

EF-FEM1-NATE-LY, adv. 1. In a womanish manner ; weak- 
ly ; softly. 2. By means of a woman. 

EF-FEM'1-NATE-NESS, n. Unmanlike softness. 

EF-FEM'I-Na-TING, ppr. Making womanish. 

EF-FEM-I-NaTION, n. The state of one grown womanish ; 
the state of being weak or unmanly. [Little used.] 

EF-FEN'Di, n. In Turkish, master ; a word subjoined to 
the names of persons in token of respect, corresponding 
to master, monsieur ; applied especially to learned men 
and ecclesiastics. It also occurs as part of the titles of 
particular officers, as the Reis Effendi, who is the principal 
secretary of state. — P. Cyc. 

r EF'FE-ROUS, a. [L. efferus.] Fierce ; wild ; savage.— Bp. 
King. 

EF-FER-VESCE' (ef-fer-ves'), v. i. [L. effervesco.] To be in 
commotion from the escape of gas, like liquor when gent- 
ly boiling; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or 
any fluid, when some part escapes in an elastic form ; to 
work, as new wine. 

EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n, A kind of natural ebullition ; that 
commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part 
of the mass flies off in the form of gas, producing innumer- 
able small bubbles. 

EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Gently boiling or bubbling, by 
means of the disengagement of gas. 

EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, a. That has the quality of efferves- 
cing ; capable of producing effervescence. 

EF-FER-VES'CING, ppr. or a. Boiling; bubbling, by means 
of an elastic fluid extricated in the dissolution of bodies. 

EF-FeTE', a. [L. effatus, effetus.] 1. Barren ; having lost the 
power of production ; as, effete land, effete manure. 2. Worn 
out with age. 

EF-FI-€I'CIOUS, a. [L. efficax.) Effectual; productive of 
effects ; producing the effect intended ; having power ade- 
quate to the purpose intended ; powerful. 

EF-FI-€a'CIOUS-LY, adv. Effectually ; in such a manner 
as to produce the effect desired. 

EF-FI-€a'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being efficacious. 

EF'FI-CA-CY, n. [Sp., It. efficacia.) Power to produce ef- 
fects ; production of the effect intended. — Syn. Virtue ; 
force; energy. 

EF-Fl"CIENCE (ef-fish'ens), ) n, [L. efficiens.] 1. The act 

EF-Fl"CIEN-CY (ef-fish'en-sy, ) of producing effects ; a 
causing to be or exist; effectual agency. 2. Power of 
producing the effect intended : active competent power. 

EF-Fl"CIENT (ef-fish'ent), a. Causing effects ; producing ; 
that causes any thing to be what it is.— Syn. Effective ; 
effectual; competent; able; capable. 

EF-Fl"CIENT, n. 1. The agent or cause which produces 
or causes to exist. 2. He that makes. 

EF-Fi"CIENT-LY, adv. With effect; effectively. 

t EF-FIeRCE', v. t. To make fierce or furious.— Spenser. 

EF-FIg'I-AL, a. Exhibiting an effigy.— Rich. Diet. 

EF-FIg'1-aTE, v. t. [L. effigio.] To form in resemblance ; 
to image. — Dean King. [Little used.] 

EF-FlG'I-A-TED, pp. Formed in resemblance. 

EF-FIe'I-A-TING, ppr. Imaging. 

t EF-FIG-I-A'TION, n. The act of forming in resemblance. 

EF'FI-GY, n. [L. effigies.] 1. The image or likeness of a 
person ; resemblance ; representation ; any substance fash- 
ioned into the shape of a person. 2. Portrait ; likeness ; 
figure, in sculpture or painting. 3. On coins, the print or 
impression representing the head of the prince who struck 
the coin. — To burn or hang in effigy, is to burn or hang 
an image or picture of the person intended to be executed, 
disgraced, or degraded 



t EF-FLAGl-TITE, v. t. [L. eflagito.] To demand earnestly 
EF-FLITE', a. t [L.effio.] To fill with breath or air. [Link 

EF-FLO-RESCE' (ef-flo-res'), v. t. [L. effloresco.] 1. In chem- 
istry, to form a mealy powder on the surface ; to become 
pulverulent or dusty on the surface. 2. To forrn saline 
vegetation on the surface ; or, rather, to shoot out minute 
spicular crystals. 

EF-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. 1. In botany, the time of flower 
ing ; the season when a plant shows its first blossoms. — 2- 
Among physicians, a redness of the skin ; eruptions ; as in 
rash, measles, small-pox, scarlatina, &c. — 3. In chemistry, 
the formation of a mealy powder on the surface of bodies ; 
also, the formation of minute spicular crystals, called 
sometimes flowers, or saline vegetation. 

EF-FLO-RES'CENT, a. Shooting into white threads oi 
spicula ; forming a white dust on the surface. 

EF'FLU-ENCE, n, [L. effiuens.] A flowing out ; that which 
flows or issues from any body or substance. 

EF'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing out.— Chambers. 

EF-FLu'VI-UM, n. ; pi. Effluvia. [L.] The minute and 
often invisible particles which exhale from most, if not all, 
terrestrial bodies ; such as the odor or smell of plants, 
and the noxious exhalations from diseased bodies, or pu- 
trefying animal or vegetable substances. 

EF'FLUX, n. [L. effluxus.] 1. The act of flowing out. or is- 
suing in a stream. 2. Effusion; flow. 3. That which 
flows out ; emanation. 

t EF-FLUX', v. i. To run or flow away. — Boyle. 

EF-FLUX'ION, n. [L. effluxum.] 1. The act of flowing out 
2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation. 

EF-Fo'DI-ENT, a. Digging ; accustomed to dig. 

EF-FoRCE'. v. t. [Fr. efforcer.] 1. To force ; to break through 
by violence. 2. To force ; to ravish. 3. To strain ; to ex- 
ert with effort. 

t EF-FORM', v. t. To fashion ; to shape. 

t EF-FORM-I'TION, n. The act of giving shape or form. 

EF'FoRT, n. [Fr. effort.] An exertion of strength ; strenu- 
ous exertion to accomplish an object. — Syn. Endeavor ; ex- 
ertion ; struggle ; strain ; straining ; attempt ; trial ; essay 

EF'FoRT-LESS, a. Making no effort. 

EF-FOS'SION (ef-fosh'un), n. [L. effossus.] The act of dig- 
ging out of the earth. — Arbuthnot. 

EF-FRAN'CHlSE, v. t. To invest with franchises or privi 
leges. — De Tocqueville. 

t EF-FRaY', v. t. [Fr. effrayer.] To frighten.— Spenser. 

tEF-FRIY'A-BLE, a. Frightful; dreadful.— Harvey. 

t EF-FRE-Na'TION, n. [L. effranatio.] Unbridled rashness 
or license ; unruliness. 

EF-FRoNT'ER-Y (ef-frunter-e), n. [Fr. effronterie.] Shame- 
less boldness ; boldness transgressing the boiinds of mod- 
esty and decorum. — Syn. Impudence ; assurance ; audaci- 
ty ; hardihood ; shamelessness. 

EF-FULGE' (ef-fulj'), v. i. [L. effulgeo.] To send forth a flood 
of light ; to shine with splendor. 

EF-FUL'GENCE, n. A flood of light ; great lustre or bright 
ness; splendor. 

EF-FUL'GENT, a. Shining; bright; splendid. 

EF-FUL'GENT-LY, adv. With effulgence. 

EF-FUL'GlNG, ppr. Sending out a flood of light.— Savage. 

EF-FU-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of flying off in fumes 
or vapor. — Boyle. 

t EF-FuME', v. t. To breathe out— Spenser. 

t EF-FUND', v. t. [L. effundo.] To pour out. 

EF-FuSE'(ef-fuze'),i;.t. [L.effusus.] To pour out, as a fluid ; 
to spill ; to shed. — Milton. 

EF-FCSE'. a. 1. Dissipated; profuse ; [obs.] Richardson 
2. In natural history, spreading loosely. 

t EF-FuSE', n. Waste ; effusion.— Shak. 

EF -FvS ED' (ei'-fdzd'), pp. Poured out; shed. 

EF-FuS'ING (ef-luz'ing), ppr. Pouring out; shedding. 

EF-FO'SION (ef-i'Q'zhun), n. 1. The act of pouring out, aa a 
liquid. 2. The act of pouring out ; a shedding or spilling ; 
waste. 3. The pouring out of words. 4. The act of pour- 
ing out or bestowing divine influence. 5. That which is 
poured out. 6. Liberal donation ; [not used.] 

EF-Fu'SIVE, a. Pouring out ; that pours forth largely. 

EF-Fu'SIVEtLY, adv. In an effusive manner. 

EFT, n. [Sax. efeta.] A newt ; the common lizard ; the 
popular name for the lacerta seps of Linnasus. 

tEFT, adv. [Sax.] Soon after; again; quickly.— Spenser 

t EFT-SOONS', adv. [Sax. eft, and sona, sones.] Soon after 
ward ; in a short time. — Spenser. 

E. G. [L. exempli gratia.] For the sake of an example ; for 
instance. 

E-GAD', exclam. Good fortune ; as we say, my stars . 

E'GER, ) n. An impetuous flood ; an irregular tide. ■ 

EA'GRE, 5 Brown. 

EG'E-RAN, ra. A sub-species of pyramidal garnet. 

t E-gERM'IN-aTE. See Geeminate. 

E-gEST, v. t. [L. egestum.] To cast or throw out ; to void, 
as excrement. 

E-GDST'ED, pp. Cast, or thrown out. 



* See S 



ynnjixis. 



A, % I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;- MoVE, BOOK, 



E1G 



341 



ELA 



E-GESTING, ppr. Casting, or throwing out 

E-GES'TION (e-jes'chun), n. [L. egestio.] The act :f void- 
ing digested matter at the natural vent. 

EGG, «. [Sax. <zg ; Dan. eg.] A body formed in the females 
of birds and certain other animals, containing an embryo 
or fetus of the same species, or the substance from which 
a like animal is produced. 

EGG. to incite, is a mere blunder. See Edge. 

EGG'-BiRD, n. A bird, a species of tern. — Cook's Voyages. 

EGG'-CUP, n. A cup used in eating eggs at table. 

EGG'-NOG, n. A drink used in America, consisting of the 
yolks of eggs beaten up with sugar and the whites of eggs 
whipped, with the addition of wine or spirits. In Scot- 
land milk is added and it is then called auld man's milk. — 
Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

EGG'-PLANT, n. A plant allied to the tomato, and bearing 
a smooth fruit shaped like an egg, used in cookery. 

EGG'-SHELL, n. The shell or outside covering of an egg. 

EGG'ER, n. One who excites. — Sherwood. 

EG'GER-Y. SeeEYRY. 

EGGING, n. Incitement. — Cleaveland. 

E-Gl-LOP'I€-AL, a. Atfected with the egilops. 

E'Gl-LOPS, n. [Gr. atytAwi//.] Goat's eye ; an abscess in the 

_ inner canthus of the eye ; fistula lachrymalis. 

E'GlS, n. A shield ; defensive armor. See ^Egis. 

E-GLAND'U-LOUS, a. Destitute of glands. 

EG'LAN-TINE (-tine or -tin), n. [Fr. eglantier.] A species 
o*" rose ; the sweet-brier ; a plant bearing an odoriferous 
flower. Milton applies this term improperly to the honey- 
suckle. 

EG'LOGUE. See .Eglogue. 

E-GLOM'ER-aTE, v. t. [See Glomerate.] To unwind, as 
a thread from a ball. 

E'GO-ISM, n. [L. ego.} 1. The opinion of those who pro- 
fess themselves uncertain of every thing but their own ex- 
istence. — Baxter. 2. A passionate love of self, leading a 
man to refer every thing to himself as the center ; a term 
more extensive than selfishness. 

E'GO-IST, n. [from L. ego.] A name given to certain fol- 
lowers of Des Cartes, who held the opinion that they were 
uncertain of every thing except their own existence, and 
the operations and ideas of their own minds. 

E-Go'I-TY, n Personality. — Swift. [Not authorized.] 

E'GO-TISM, n. [Fr. egoisme.] Primarily, the practice of too 
frequently using the word /. Hence, an exaggerated love 
of self, leading to self-exaltation ; self-commendation ; the 
act or practice of magnifying one's self or making one's 
self of importance. — Spectator. 

E'GO-TIST, n. One who repeats the word I very often in 
conversation or writing ; one who speaks much of him- 
self or magnifiss his own achievements ; one who makes 
himself the hero of every tale. 

E-GO-TIST'I€, }a. 1. Addicted to egotism. 2. Con- 

E-GO-TISTIC-AL, $ taming egotism. — Syn. Conceited ; 
vain ;_self-important ; opinionated. 

E'GO-TiZE, v. i. To talk or write much of one's self; to 
make pretensions to self-importance. 

E-GRe'GIOUS (e-gre'jus), a. [L. egregius.] Standing out 
with remarkable prominence; as, egregious exploits. — 
Milton. It is now used chiefly in a bad sense ; as, an egre- 
gious blunder. — Syn. Extraordinary; remarkable; rnons- 
strous ; enormous. 

E-GRe'GIOUS-LY, adv. Greatly ; enormously ; shamefully ; 
[usually in a bad sense.] 

E-GRe'gIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being great or ex- 
traordinary. 

E'GRESS, n. [L. egressus.] The act of going or issuing out, 
or the power of departing from any inclosed or confined 
place. — Syn. Exit; departure; issue. 

E-GRES'BION (e-gresh'un), n. [L. egressio.] The act of go- 
ing out from any inclosure or place of confinement. 

E-GRESS'OR, n. One who goes out. 

E'GRET, n. [Fr. aigrette.] 1. The lesser white heron, a 
bird of the genus ardea. — 2. In botany, the flying feathery 
or hairy crown of seeds, as the down of the thistle. 

E-GRETTE', n. A tuft of feathers, diamonds, &c. ; an orna- 
ment of ribbons. See- Aigrette. 

EG'RI-MO-NY, n. 1. The herb agrimony.— Cotgrave. 2. 
Great sorrow ; grief. — Cockeram. 

E'GRI-QT, n. [Fr. aigre.] A kind of sour cherry. 

E-GYP'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Egypt in Africa. 

E-GYP'TIAN, n. A native of Egypt ; also, a gipsy. 

EH (a), exclam., denoting inquiry or slight surprise. 

ElT)ER, In. [G., Sw. eider.] A species of sea-duck 

El'DER-DUCK, 5 found in the Shetland Isles, the Ork- 
neys, &c, and producing uncommonly fine down. 

El'DER-DOWN (i'der-), n. Down or soft feathers of the 
eider duck. 

EI-DOU-Ra'NI-ON, n. [Gr. ciSoS, and ovpuviov.] A repre- 
sentation of the heavens. 

EIGH (a), exclam. An expression of sudden delight. 

EIGHT (ate), a. [Sax. cehta, eahta, or ehta ; G. acht.] Twice 
four ; expressing the number twice four. 



EIGHTEEN (a'teen), a. Eight and ten united. 

EIGHT-EEN'-MO, n. A compound of the English eighteen 
and the last syllable of the Latin decimo ; more properly 
octodecimo ; denoting the size of a book, in which a sheet 
is doubled into eighteen leaves. 

EIGHTEENTH (a'teenth), a. The next in order after the 
seventeenth. 

EIGHTFOLD (ate'fold), a. Eight times the number ot 
quantity. 

EIGHTH (atth), a. Noting the number eight ; the number 
next after seven ; the ordinal of eight. 

EIGHTH, n. In music, an interval composed of five tones 
and two semitones. 

EIGHTHLY (atthly), adv. In the eighth place. 

EIGHT'I-ETH (a'te-eth), a. The next in order to the seven- 
ty-ninth ; the eighth tenth. 

EIGHTS€oE,E (ate'skore), a. or n. Eight times twenty ; a 
hundred and sixty. 

EIGHTY (a'ty), a. Eight times ten ; fourscore. 

EIGNE (ane), a. [Norm, aisne.] 1. Eldest ; an epithet used 
in law to denote the eldest son. 2. Unalienable ; entailed ; 
belonging to the eldest son ; [not used.] 

t El'SEL, n. [Sax.] Vinegar.— More. 

Ei'SEN-RaHM, n. The red and brown eisenrahm, the scaly 
red and brown hematite. 

EiS-TEDD'FOD, n. [W. eistedd, to sit.] An assembly of 

_ Welsh bards.— P. Cyc. 

El'THER (e'fher or f flier. The former is the pronuncia- 
tion given in nearly all the dictionaries, and is still preva- 
lent in America ; the latter has of late become general in 
England), a. or pr on. [Sax. agther; egther.] 1. One or an- 
other of any number. 2. One of two. 3. Each ; every 
one, separately considered. 4. This word, when applied 
to sentences or propositions, is called a distributive or a 
conjunction. It precedes the first of two or more alterna- 
tives, and is answered by or before the second or succeed- 
ing alternatives. 

E-JAC'U-L ATE, v. t. [L. ejaculor.] 1. To throw out ; to cast ; 
to shoot; to dart; [little used.] 2. To utter, as a short 
prayer. 

E-JAC'U-L i-TED, pp. Short ; thrown out ; uttered. 

E-JAC'U-L A-TING, ppr. Throwing; darting; shooting. 

E-JA€-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of throwing or darting 
out with a sudden force and rapid flight ; [obs.] — Bacon. 

2. The uttering of a short prayer ; or a short occasional 
prayer uttered. — Taylor. 

E-JAC'U-L A-TO-RY, a. 1. Suddenly darted out ; uttered in 
short sentences ; as, ejaculatory prayer. 2. Sudden ; hasty. 

3. Casting ; throwing out. 

E-JEGT, v. t. [L. ejicio, ejectum.] 1. To throw out ; to cast 
forth ; to thrust out, as from a place inclosed or confined. 

2. To discharge through the natural passages or emuncto- 
ries ; to evacuate. 3. To throw out or expel from an of- 
fice; to dismiss from an office; to turn out 4. To dis- 
possess of land or estate. 5.. To drive away ; to expel ; to 
dismiss with hatred. 6. To cast away; to reject; to 
banish. 

E-JECTED, pp. Thrown out; thrust out; discharged, 
evacuated; expelled; dismissed; dispossessed; rejected. 

EJECTING, ppr. Casting out; discharging; evacuating; 
expelling; dispossessing; rejecting. 

E-JEC'TION, n. [L. ejectio.] 1. The act of casting out; ex- 
pulsion. 2. Dismission from office. 3. Dispossession ; a 
turning out from possession by force or authority. 4. The 
discharge of any excrementitious matter through the pores 
or other emunctories ; evacuation ; vomiting, &c. 

E-JECTMENT, n. 1. Literally, a casting out; a disposses- 
sion. — 2. In law, a writ or action which lies for the recovery 
of possession of land from which the owner has been 
ejected, and for trial of title. 

E-JECT'OR, n. One who ejects or dispossesses another of 
his land. — Blackstone. 

E J-U-L I'TION, n. [L. ejulatio.] Outcry ; a wailing ; a loud 
cry expressive of grief or pain ; mourning ; lamentation. 

EKE, v. t. [Sax. eacan.] 1. To increase ; to enlarge. 2. To 
add to ; to supply what is wanted ; to enlarge by addition. 

3. To lengthen ; to prolong ; as, to eke out the time. — 
_ Shak. 

EKE, adv. [Sax. eac.] Also ; likewise ; in addition. [Nearly 
obsolete.] 

EK.ED (ekd),j>p. Increased; lengthened. 

EK'ING, ppr. Increasing; augmenting; lengthening. 

EK'ING, n. Increase or addition. 

E-LAB'O-RITE, v. t. [L. elaboro.] 1. To produce with labor. 
2. To improve or refine by successive operations. 

E-LAB'O-RATE, a. [L. elaboratus.} Wrought with labor , 
finished with great diligence ; executed with exactness. — 
Syn. Labored ; prepared ; studied ; perfected ; high- 
wrought. _ 

E-LAB'O-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Produced with labor or study , 
improved. 

E-LAB'O-RATE-LY, adv. With great labor or study; with 
nice regard to exactness. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, YTCIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ELD 



342 



ELE 



E-LAB'O-RATENESS, n. The quality of being elaborate, 
or wrought with great labor. 

E-LAB'O-Ra-TING, ppr. Producing with labor ; improving ; 
refining by successive operations. 

E-LAB-0-RITION, n. Improvement or refinement by suc- 
cessive operations. — Ray. 

E-LAB'O-Ra-TOR, n. One who elaborates. 

E-LAB'O-RA-TO-RY, a. Elaborating. 

E-LA-IDTC ACID, n. A peculiar acid obtained by the sa- 
ponification of elaidin.— P. Cyc. 

E-La'I-DIN, n. A fatty substance produced by the action 
of nitric acid upon certain oils, especially castor-oil. — 
Brande. 

£-LaTN, ii. [Gr. cAau'os.] The liquid principle of oils and 
fats. [Smart and Ure give three syllables to this word.] 

t E-LAMP'ING, a. Shining. 

E-LaNCE', v. t. [Fr. elancer.] To throw or shoot ; to hurl ; 
to dart. 

E-LaNCjBD' (e-lanstf), pp. Hurled ; darted. 

E-LaNC'ING, ppr. Hurling; shooting. 

E'LAND, n. A species of clumsy antelope in Africa. 

E-La'O-LiTE, n. A variety of nepheline, presenting a greasy 
lustre, and gray, grayish green, bluish, and reddish shades 
of color. 

E-LAP-I-Da'TION, n. [L. elapida.] A clearing away of 
stones. 

E-LAPSE' (e-laps'), v. i. [L. elapsus.] To slide away ; to slip 
or glide away ; to pass away silently, as time. 

E-LAPS.ED' (e-lapsf), pp. Slid or passed away, as time. 

E-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding away; gliding or passing away 
silently, as time. 

E-LAQ/UE-ITE (e-lak'we-ate), v. t. [L. laqueus.] To disen- 
tangle. 

E-LAQ'UE-A-TED, pp. Disentangled. 

E-LAQ'UE-A-TING, ppr. Disentangling. 

E-L AS'TIC, ) a. [Fr. elastique ; It., Sp. elastico.] Spring- 

E-LASTIC-AL, $ ing back ; having the power of returning 
to the form from which it is bent, extended, depressed, or 
distorted ; having the inherent property of recovering its 
former figure, after any external pressure, which has al- 
tered that figure, is removed ; rebounding ; flying back. 

E-LASTIC-AL-LY, adv. In an elastic manner ; by an elastic 
power ; with a spring.— Lee. 

E-LAS-TIC'I-TY, n, The inherent property in bodies, by 
which they recover their former figure or state, after ex- 
ternal pressure, tension, or distortion. 

E-LaTE', a. [L. elatus.] Raised ; elevated in mind ; flushed, 
as with success. — Syn. Puffed up ; proud ; lofty ; haughty ; 
swelling; exalted. 

E LITE', v. t. 1. To raise or swell, as the mind or spirits ; 
to elevate with success ; to pufl* up ; to make proud. 2. 
To raise ; to exalt ; [unusual] 

E-LITED, pp. or a. Elevated in mind or spirits ; puffed up, 
as with honor, success, or prosperity. 

E-LaT'ED-LY, adv. With elation. 

E-LAT'ER-IN, n. The active principle of elaterium. 

EL-A-Te'RI-UM. n. A substance deposited from the very 
acrid juice of the momordica elaterium, wild cucumber. 

EL'A-TE-RY, n. [Gr. {Xareipn.] Acting force or elasticity. 
—Ray. [ Unusual] 

E-LaTING, ppr. Elevating in mind or spirits. 

E-LI'TION, n. An inflation or elevation of mind proceed- 
ing from self-approbation ; self-esteem, vanity, or pride, 
resulting from success. Hence, haughtiness ; pride of 
prosperity. 

E-LaTOR, n. One who or that which elates. — Cudworth. 

EL'BoW, n. [Sax. elnboga, or elneboga.] 1. The outer angle 
made by the bend of the arm. 2. Any flexure or angle ; 
the obtuse angle of a wall, building, or road. 3. A term ap- 
plied to the upright sides which flank any paneled work, 
as in windows below the shutters, &c. Cfwilt. — To be at 
the elbow, is to be very near ; to be by the side ; to be at 
hand. 

EL'BoW, v. t. 1. To push with the elbow. — Dryden. 2. To 
push or drive to a distance ; to encroach on. 

EL'BoW, v. i. To jut into an angle ; to project ; to bend. 

EL'BoW-CHIIR, n. A chair with arms to support the el- 
bows ; an arm- chair. — Gay. 

EL'BoW-ROOM, n. Room to extend the elbows on each 
side ; hence, in its usual acceptation, freedom from con- 
finement ; room for motion or action. 

EL'B5W_ED, pp. Pushed with the elbows. 

EL'BoW -ING, ppr. Pushing with the elbows ; driving to a 

distance, 
t ELD, n. [Sax. eld, or aid.] 1. Old age ; decrepitude.— 

Spenser. 2. Old people ; old times. 
ELD'ER, a. [Sax. ealdor, the comparative degree of eld, now 
written old. See Old.] 1. Older ; senior ; having lived a 
longer time ; born, produced, or formed before something 
else. 2. Prior in origin ; preceding in the date of a com- 
mission. 
ELD'ER, 7i. 1. One who is older than another or others. 2. 
An ancestor. 3. A person advanced in life, and who, on 



account of his age, experience, and wisdom, is selected for 
office. — 4. In the Presbyterian Church, a term applied tc 
officers who, with the pastor, compose the church session, 
and administer the discipline of the cburch to which they 
belong. — 5. In the Baptist Oiurch, an ordained minister, te 
whom the same title was also given in the early Congre- 
gational Churches. 

ELD'ER, n. [Sax. ellarn.] A genus of plants called by bot 
anists sambucus. The common elder is a small tree hav 
ing a spongy pith and bearing dark purple berries. 

ELD'ER-LY, a. Somewhat old ; advanced beyond middle 
age ; bordering on old age. 

ELD'ER-SHIP, n. 1. Seniority ; the state of being older 
2. The office of an elder. 3. Presbytery ; order of elders. 

ELD'EST, a. [Sax. ealdest, superlative of eld, old.] Oldest ; 
most advanced in age ; that was bom before others. 

ELD'ING, n. [Sax. alan.] Fuel.— Grose. [Local] 

EL DO-Ra'DO, n. [Sp., the golden region.] A fabulous re- 
gion in the interior of South America, supposed to be rich 
beyond all others, especially in gold, gems, &c. 

EL'DRITCH, a. Hideous ; ghastly* demoniacal ; as, an el 
dritch shriek, an eldritch laugh. — Burns. [Scottish.] 

E-LE-ATIC, a. An epithet given to a certain sect of philos- 
ophers, so called from the town of Elea in Italy. 

EL-E-C AM-PaNE', n. A plant, Inula Hclenium, of a pungent 
taste, and formerly of much repute as a stomachic. 

E-LECT', v. t. [L. electus.] 1. To pick out, from among two 
or more, that which is preferred. 2. To take for an office 
or employment; to choose from among a number; to 
manifest preference by vote or designation. — 3. In theology, 
to designate, choose, or select as an object of mercy or fa- 
vor. 4. To decide or determine in favor of; as, to elect 
between two alternatives. — Syn. To select ; choose ; pre 
fer; appoint. 

E-LECT', a. 1. Chosen ; taken by preference from amon 
two or more. — 2. In theology, chosen as the object of mer 
cy ; chosen, selected, or designated to eternal life ; pre- 
destinated in the Divine counsels. 3. Chosen, but not in- 
augurated, consecrated, or invested with office. 

E-LECT", n. 1. One chosen or set apart. 2. Chosen or des 
ignated by God to salvation ; predestinated to glory as the 
end, and to sanctification as the means. 3. Chosen ; se- 
lected ; set apart as a peculiar church and people. 

t E-LECTANT, n. One who has the power of choosing. 

E-LECTED, pp. Chosen ; preferred ; designated to office 
by some act of the constituents, as by vote ; chosen or 
predestinated to eternal life. 

E-LECTI-CISM, n. The system of selecting doctrines and 
opinions from other systems. — Emerson. 

E-LECTING, ppr. Choosing ; selecting from a number , 
preferring ; designating to office by choice or preference , 
designating or predestinating to external salvation. 

E-LEC'TION, n. [L. electio.] 1. The act of choosing , choice , 
the act of selecting one or more from others. 2. The act 
of choosing a person to fill an office or employment by any 
manifestation of preference, as by ballot, uplifted hands, 
or viva voce. 3. Choice ; voluntary preference ; free will ; 
liberty to act or not. 4. Power of choosing or selecting. 
5. Discernment ; discrimination ; distinction. Bacon , 
[rare.]— 6. In theology, Divine choice ; predetermination of 
God, by which persons are distinguished as objects of 
mercy, become subjects of grace, are sanctified and pre- 
pared for heaven. 7. The public choice of officers. 8. 
The day of a public choice of officers. 9. Those who are 
elected. 

E-LEC-TION-EER', v. i. To make interest for a candidate 
at an election ; to use arts for securing the election of a 
candidate. 

E-LEC-TION-EER'ER, n. One who electioneers. 

E-LEC-TION-EER'ING, ppr. Using influence to procure 
the election of a person. 

E-LEC-TION-EER'ING, n. The arts or practices used for 
securing the choice of one to office. 

E-LECT'iVE, a. 1. Dependent on choice. 2. Bestowed or 
passing by election. 3. Pertaining to or consisting in choice 
or right of choosing ; as, the elective franchise. 4. Exert- 
ing the power of choice. 5. Selecting for combination ; 
as, elective affinity. 

E-LE€T'IVE-LY, adv. By choice ; with preference of one 
to another. 

E-LECT'OR, n. One who elects, or one who has the right 
of choice ; a person who has, by law or constitution, the 
right of voting for an officer. — In the old German Umpire 
certain princes, nine in number, had the right of electing 
the emperor, and were hence called electors; as, the Elector 
of Saxony. 

E-LECT'OR-AL, a. Pertaining to election or electors. 

t E-LECT-OR-AL'I-TY, n. Electorate. 

E-LECT'OR-ATE, n. 1. The dignity of an elector in tb 
German Empire. 2. The territory of an elector in th* 
German Empire. 
E-LECTOR-ESS, n. The same as electress. 

t E-LEC'TRE, n. [L. electrum.] Amber. See Electrum:. 



See Synopsis A, E, T, Sua., long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiN E, BiRD ;— Mo V E BuOK. 



ELE 



343 



ELE 



B-LECTRESS, n. The wife or widow of an elector in the 

German Empire. — Chesterfield. 
E-LECTRIC, \a. [Fr. electrique.] 1. Containing elec- 
E-LEC'TRIC-AL, > tricity, or capable of exhibiting it when 
excited by friction. — 2. In general, pertaining to electrici- 
ty. 3. Derived from or produced by electricity. 4. Com- 
municating a shock like electricity. 

E-LECTRIC, n. A non-conductor of electricity, employed 
to excite or accumulate the electric fluid, as glass, am- 
ber. &c. 

E-LEC'TRI€-EEL, n. An eel or fish of the genus gymnotus, 
from two to five feet long, and able to give an electric 
shock of such violence as sometimes to knock down a man. 

E-LE€'TRI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of electricity, or 
by means of it. 

E-LE€-TRi"CIAN (e-lek-trish'an), n. A person who studies 
electricity and investigates its properties by observation 
and experiments ; one versed in the science of electricity. 

F LEC-TRIC'I-TY, n. [from Gr. n'XsKrpov, amber.] 1. The 
subtile agent called the electric fluid, usually excited by 
the friction of glass. It was so called from the Greek word 
for amber, because it was in the friction of this substance 
that it was first observed. The phenomena of electricity 
are such as attraction and repulsion, heat and light, shocks 
of the animal system, and mechanical violence. — D. Olm- 
sted. 2. The science which unfolds the phenomena and 
laws of the_electric fluid. — D. Olmsted. 

E-LECTRI-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of receiving electricity 
or of being charged with it ; that may become electric. 

E-LEC-TRI-FI-C a'TION, n. The act of electrifying, or state 
of being charged with electricity. 

E-LEC'TRI-FlLED, pp. or a. Charged with electricity. 

E-LEC'TRI-FY, v. t. 1. To communicate electricity to ; to 
charge with electricity. 2. To cause electricity to pass 
through ; to affect by electricity ; to give an electric shock 
to. 3. Figuratively, to excite suddenly ; to give a sudden 
impulse ; as, to electrify an audience. 

E-LEC'TRI-FY, v. i. To become electric. 

E-LEC'TRI-FY-LNG, ppr. or a. Charging with electricity ; 
affecting with electricity; producing a sudden impulse or 
excitement. 

E-LEC'TRlNE, a. [L. electrum.] Belonging to amber. 

E-LEC-TRI-ZI'TION, n. The act of electrizing. 

E-LEGTRlZE, v. t. [Fr. electris&r.] To electrify. 

E-LECTRIZ.ED, pp. or a. Charged with electricity. 

E-LEC'TRlZ-ING, ppr. Electrifying. 

E-LEC'TRODE, n. [Gr. r)\iKrpov and o<5o?.] A name ap- 
plied to what is called the pole of the voltaic circle. The 
electrodes are the surfaces, air, water, metal, &c, which 
serve to convey an electric current into and from the 
liquid to be decomposed. 

E-LE€'TRO-€HEM'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to electro-chem- 
istry. 

E-LEC'TRO-CHEMTS-TRY, n. That science which treats 
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in effecting 
chemical changes. 

E-LECTRO-DY"-NAM'I€S, n. The phenomena of electric- 
ity in motion. 

E-LEC'TRO-MAG-NETIC, a. Designating what pertains 
to magnetism, as connected with electricity, or affected 
by it. 

E-LEC'TRO-MAG-NETTC TEL'E-GRAPH, n. An appara- 
tus for conveying intelligence, by means of electricity mov- 
ing between two places on iron wires.— S. F. B. Morse. 

E-LECTRO-MAG'NET-ISM, n. That science which treats 
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in communi- 
cating magnetic properties. 

E-LEG'TRC r -METAL-LUR-GY, n. The art of depositing 
metals held in solution, as silver, gold, &c, on prepared 
surfaces, through the agency of voltaic electricity or gal- 
vanism. It thus answers the purposes of plating, and also 
of giving exact impressions of coins, medals, &c. — Ure. 

E-LEG'TRO-Mo'TION, n. The motion of electricity or gal- 
vanism, cr the passing of it from one metal to another. 

E-LEC'TRO-Mo'TlVE, a. Producing electro-motion. 

E.LE€'TRO-NEG'A-TlVE, n. A term denoting the natural 
state of a body, or a particle of matter, which makes it 
tend to the positive pole of a voltaic battery. 

E-LEC-TRO-Po'LAR, a. A term applied to conductors, one 
end or surface of which is positive and the other negative. 
— Brande. 

E-LEC'TRO-POSl-TlVE, a. A term denoting the natural 
state of a body, or a particle of matter, which makes it 
tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery. 

E-LEC'TRO-TEL-E-GRAPH'IC, a. Belonging to the elec- 
tro-magnetic telegraph, or by its means. 

E-LEC-TROLT-SIS, n. [Gr. eXerpov and Avw.] The act of 
decomposing a compound substance by the action of elec- 
tricity or galvanism. 
E-LEC'TRO-LYTE, n. [Gr. 77X etcrpov and Xvw.] A compound 
which may be directly decomposed by an electric current. 
— Faraday. 
E-LE€-TRO-LYT'I€, a, Pertaining to electrolysis. 



E-LEGTR i)-LYZE, v. t. [Gr. n\eKTpov and Xuw.J To de 
compose a compound substance by the direct action of 
electricity or galvanism. — Faraday. 
E-LEC-TROM'E-TER, n. [L. electrum, Gr. (icrpeo).] An in- 
strument for measuring the quantity or intensity of elec- 
tricity. The term is also applied to instruments which 
indicate the presence of electricity, or electroscopes. 
E-LECTRO-MET'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to an electrome- 
ter ; made by an electrometer. 
E-LE€-TRO-MoTOR, n. [L. electrum sndmotor.] A mover 
of the electric fluid ; a piece of apparatus for generating a 
current of electricity. 
E-LEC'TRON, n. [Gr. nXeKrpn:] Amber ; also, a mixture 

of gold with a fifth part of silver. — Coze. 
E-LE€-TROPH'0-RUS, n. [L. electrum and Gr. <popco).] An 
instrument for exciting electricity in small quantities. It 
consists of a flat, smooth cake of resin, acted upon by a 
circular plate of brass, with a glass handle. — Brande. 
E-LEC'TRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. nXenrpov and oko-kim.] An in- 
strument for rendering electrical excitation apparent by 
its effects. — Brande. 
E-LEC'TRO-TYPE. See Electho-zmetallurgy. 
E-LECTRUM, n. [L., from Gr. nXwrpov.] A term applied 
by the ancients to various substances, especially to amber, 
and an alloy of gold with a fifth part of silver. — Brande. 
E-LEC'TU-A-RY, n. [Low L. electarium.) In pharmacy, a 
form of medicine, composed of powders, or other ingre- 
dients, incorporated with some conserve, honey, or sirup, 
and made into due consistence to be taken in doses, like 
boluses. 
EL-EE-MOSY-NA-RY, a. [Gr.zXznjxoovvn.] 1. Given in char- 
ity ; given or appropriated to support the poor. 2. Relat- 
ing to charitable donations ; intended for the distribution 
of alms, or for the use and management of donations, 
whether for the subsistence of the poor or for the support 
and promotion of learning. — Eleemosynary corporations 
are confined by law to colleges, schools, and hospitals. — 
Bouvier. 
EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY, n. One who subsists on charity. 
EL'E-GANCE, In. [L. elegantia; Fr. elegance.] 1. "The 
EL'E-GAN-CY, j beauty of propriety, not of greatness," 
says Johnson. Applied to manners, it denotes politeness ; 
to speaking, propriety of diction and utterance ; to style of 
composition, perspicuity, purity, neatness, and a happy 
choice and arrangement of words ; to architecture, a due 
symmetry and distribution of parts. 2. That which pleas- 
es by its nicety, symmetry, purity, or beauty. In this 
sense it has a plural. — Spectator. 
EL'E-GANT, a. [L. elegans.] 1. Pleasing to good taste 
2. Neat ; pure ; rich in expressions ; correct in arrange- 
ment, as language. 3. Uttering or delivering elegant lan- 
guage with propriety and grace, as a speaker. 4. Sym- 
metrical; regular; well formed in its parts, proportions, 
and distribution, as a building. 5. Nice ; sensible to beau- 
ty; discriminating beauty from deformity or imperfec- 
tion, as taste. 6. Beautiful in form and colors ; pleasing. 
7. Rich ; costly and ornamental.— Syn. Beautiful ; pol- 
ished; graceful; refined; handsome. 
EL/E-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to please ; with ele- 
gance ; with beauty ; with pleasing propriety. 2. With 
due symmetry ; with well-formed and duly-proportione ' 
parts. 3. Richly ; with rich or handsome materials weil 
disposed. 

* E-Le'6I-A€ or EL-E-GI'A€, a. [Low L. elegiacus.) 1. Be- 

longing to elegy; plaintive ; expressing sorrow or lamen- 
tation. 2. Used in elegies. 

* E-Le'(JI-A€, n. Elegiac verse. — Warton. 
EL-E-GI'A€-AL, a. Belonging to an elegy.— Cotgrave. 

* E-LE'Gl-AST, n. The same with elegist. 

EL'E-dlST, n. A writer of elegies. — Goldsmith. 

E-LE'6IT, n. [L.] LA writ of execution, by which a de- 
fendant's goods are apprized and delivered to the plaintiff*. 
2. The title to estate by elegit. 

EL'E-GY, n. [L. elegia.] 1. A mournful or plaintive poem, 
or a funeral song ; a poem or a song expressive of sorrow 
and lamentation. — Skak. 2. A short poem without points 
or affected elegances. 

ELTJ-MENT, n. [L. elementum ; Fr. element.] 1. The first 
or constituent principle or minutest part of any thing. 

2. An ingredient ; a constituent part of any composition. 

3. A letter, or elementary sound; [used chiefly in the plu- 
ral] — 4. Jn a chemical sense, that which can not be divided 
by chemical analysis, and therefore considered as a simple 
substance, as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, &c. — 5. In the 
plural, the first rules or principles of an art or science ; 
rudiments. Also, the bread and wine used at the Eu- 
charist. — 6. In popular language, fire, air, earth, and water 
are called the four elements, as formerly it was supposed 
that these were simple bodies, of which the world is com- 
posed. — 7. Element, in the singular, is sometimes used for 
the air. 8. The substance which forms the natural or 
most suitable habitation of an animal. 9. The proper state 
or sphere of any thing ; the state of things suited to one's 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'ClOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ELE 



344 



ELI 



temper or habits ; as, war was his element. 10. The mat- 
ter or substances which compose the world. 11. The 
outline or sketch. 12. Moving cause or principle ; that 
which excites action. 

EL'E-MENT, v. t. 1. To compound of elements or first 
principles. 2. To constitute ; to make, as a first principle. 
[Rarely or never used.] 

EL-E-MENTAL, a. 1. Pertaining to elements. 2. Produced 
by some of the four supposed elements. 3. Produced by 
elements. 4. Arising from first principles. 

EL-E-MENT-AL'I-TY, n. Composition of principles or in- 
gredients. — Whitlock. 

EL-E-MENT'AL-LY, adv. According to elements ; literally. 

EL-E-MENT-AR'I-TY, ) n. The state of being elementa- 

EL-E-MENT'A-RI-NESS, > ry; the simplicity of nature ; 
uncornpounded state. 

EL-E-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Primary; simple; uncornpound- 
ed ; uncombined ; having only one principle or constituent 
part. 2. Initial ; rudimental ; containing, teaching, or dis- 
cussing first principles, rules, or rudiments. 3. Treating 
of elements ; collecting, digesting, or explaining principles. 

EL'E-MENT-ED, pp. Compounded of elements. 

EL'E-Mi (el'e-me), n. An odoriferous resin, obtained from 
incisions in the bark of certain trees growing in the West 
Indies and in Geylon, and used in ointments. — Brande. 

E-LENCH' (e-lenk'), \ n. [L. elenchus.] 1. A vicious or fal- 

E-LEN€H'US, 5 lacious argument, which is apt to 

deceive under the appearance of truth ; a sophism. — 
Milton. * 

E-LENGHTG-AL, a. Pertaining to an elench. 

t E-LENCH'IG-AL-LY, adv. By means of an elench. 

f E-LENCH'lZE, v. i, To dispute.— Ben Jonson. 

t E-LENGHTIG-AL, a. Serving to confute.— Wilkins. 

EL'E-PHANT, n. [Sax. elp, yip; Gr. £ A £ 0aS.] 1. A thick- 
skinned quadruped, the largest of existing land animals, 
having a long trunk and tusks, and famous for its sagacity 
and docility. There are two species, the Asiatic, or Indian, 
an L the African. 2. Ivory ; the tusk of the elephant. — 
IV den. 

FL1 !-PHANT-BEE'TLE, n. A large beetle, found in Guinea. 

FL'Z-PHANT-Pa'PER, n. A very large-sized drawing-pa- 
per, being twenty-eight inches by twenty-three. 

EL'E-PHANT'S-FOOT, n. A genus of plants, mostly trop- 
ical ; the elephaniopus. 

EL-E-PHAN-Tl'A-SIS, n. [L.] A disease, in which the skin 
is thick, livid, wrinkled, tuberculate, and destitute of feel- 
ing. It is often erroneously confounded with leprosy. 

EL-E-PHANT'iNE, a. 1. Pertaining to the elephant; huge ; 
resembling an elephant; or perhaps white, like ivory. — 
2. In antiquity, an appellation given to certain books in 
which the Romans registered the transactions of the sen- 
ate, magistrates, emperors, and generals. — Elephantine 
epoch, in geology, is that period when there was a prepon- 
derance of the large pachydermata. — Mantell. 

EL-E-PHANT'OID, \ a. Resembling the form of an ele- 

EL-E-PHANT-OIDAL, 5 phant. 

EL-EU-SIN'I-AN, a. Relating to Eleusis, in Greece, or to 
secret rites in honor of Ceres, there celebrated. 

EL'E-V5.TE, v. t. [L. elevo.] 1. To raise, in a literal and 
general sense ; to raise from a low or deep place to a 

, higher. 2. To raise to higher state or station. 3. To im- 
prove, refine, or dignify ; to raise from or above low con- 
ceptions. 4. To raise from a low or common state. 5. To 
elate with pride. 6. To raise in mind and feelings ; as, to 
elevate the spirits. 7. To take from ; to detract ; to lessen 
by detraction ; [not used.] 8. To raise from any tone to 
one more acute. 9. To augment or swell ; to make loud- 
er, as sound. — Syn. To exalt ; erect ; lift up ; elate ; cheer ; 
flush ; excite ; animate. 

EL'E-VaTE, a. [L. elevatus.] Elevated ; raised aloft. 

EL'E-VI-TED, pp. or a. Raised; exalted ; dignified ; elated; 
excited ; made more acute or more loud, as sound. 

EL'E-Va-TING, ppr. or a. Raising ; exalting ; dignifying ; 
elating; cheering. 

EL-E-VI'TION, n. [L. elevatio.] 1. The act of raising or 
conveying from a lower or deeper place to a higher. 2. 
The act of exalting in rank, degree, or condition. 3. Ex- 
altation ; an elevated state ; dignity. 4. Exaltation of mind 
by more noble conceptions. 5. Exaltation of style ; lofty 
expressions ; words and phrases expressive of lofty con- 
ceptions. 6. Exaltation of character or manners. 7. At- 
tention to objects above us ; a raising of the mind to supe- 
rior objects. 8. Height ; altitude ; height above the sur- 
face of the earth. 9. An elevated place or station. 10. El- 
evated ground ; a rising ground ; a hill or mountain. 11. 
A passing of the voice from any note to one more acute ; 
also, a swelling or augmentation of voice. — 12. In astrono- 
my, altitude ; the distance of a celestial object above the 
horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between 
it and the horizon. — 13. In gunnery, the angle which the 
line of direction of a cannon or mortar, or the axis of the 
hollow cylinder, makes with the plane of the horizon. — 
14. In dialing, the angle which the style makes with the 



substylar line. — 15. In architecture, a view or representa- 
tion of a building or object drawn to a geometrical 'scale 
of its height above the ground, there being no vanishing 
points, as in perspective representation. — Elevation of the 
host, in Roman Catholic countries, that part of the mass in 
which the priest raises the host above his head, for the 
people to adore. 
EL'E-Va-TOR, n. 1. One who raises, lifts, or exalts.— 2. In 
anatomy, a muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, 
as the lip or the eye. 3. A. surgical instrument for raising 
a depressed portion of a bone. — 4. In milling, a term ap- 
plied to a series of small boxes fastened by a strap and 
moved by a wheel, to raise grain, &c, from a lower to a 
higher floor. 

EL'E-Va-TO-RY, n. An instrument used in trepanning, for 
raising a depressed or fractured part of the skull. — Coze. 

EL'E-Va-TO-RY, a. Tending to raise, or having power to 
eleyate . — Mantell. 

E-LEVE' (a-laveO, n. [Fr.] One brought up or protected 
by another. — Chesterfield. 

E-LEV.EN (e-lev'n), a. [Sax. cendlefene, endleof, endlufa.] 
Ten and one added. 

E-LEV.ENTH, a. [Sax. cendlyfta, endlefta.] The next in 
order to the tenth. 

ELF, n. ; pi. Elves. [Sax. <elf, or elfenne.] 1. A diminutive 
wandering spirit ; a fairy ; a hobgoblin. 2. An evil spirit. 
3. A diminutive person ; a dwarf. 

ELF, v. t. To entangle hair in so intricate a manner that 1 
can not be disentangled. 

ELF'-AR-RoW, > n. A name given to flints in the shape of 

ELF'-BoLT, 5 arrow-heads ; vulgarly supposed to be 
shot by fairies. 

ELF'-LOGK, n. Hair twisted in a lock, so denominated aa 
if the work of fairies. 

ELF'-SKIN. Probably a misprint, in Shakspeare's Henry 
IV., for eel-skin, to which, when " dried," Falstaff" compares 
Prince Hal, in allusion to his long and lank figure.- 
Todd's Shak. 

ELF'IN, a. Relating or pertaining to elves or dwarfs - 
Spenser. 

ELF'IN, n. A little urchin. — Shenstone. 

ELF'LSH, a. Resembling elves ; clad in disguise. 

EL'GIN MIR-BLES, n. pi. A series of ancient scupltured 
marbles, named from the Earl of Elgin, who removed 
them to England. They belonged to the Temple of Mi- 
nerva, &c, in Athens. 

E-LIC'IT, v. t. [L. elicio.] 1. To draw out ; to bring to 
light ; to deduce by reason or argument. 2. To strike 
out ; as, to elicit sparks from the flint. 

E-LIC'IT, a. Brought into act; brought from possibility 
into real existence. [Little used.] 

t E-LICIT-1TE, v. t. To elicit.— More. 

E-LIC-IT-A'TION, n. The act of eliciting ; the act of draw- 
ing out. — Bramhall. 

E-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Brought or drawn out ; struck out. 

E-L1CIT-ING, ppr. Drawing out ; bringing to light ; strik 
ing out. 

E-LlDE', v. t. [L. elido.] 1. To break or dash in pieces ; to 
crush ; [not used.] 2. To cut off a syllable. — Brit. Crit. 

EL-I-61-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Worthiness or fitness to be chosen ; 
the state or quality of a thing which renders it preferable 
to another, or desirable. 2. Capability of being chosen to 
an office. [United States.] 

EL'I-GI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Fit to be chosen ; worthy of choice ; 
preferable. 2. Suitable ; proper ; desirable ; as, an eligible 
employment. 3. Legally qualified to be chosen. 

EL'I-Gl-BLE-NESS, n. Fitness to be chosen in preference 
to another ; suitableness ; desirableness. 

EL'I-6I-BLY, adv. In a manner to be worthy of choice ; 
suitably._ 

E-LIM'I-NaTE, v. t. [L. elimino.] 1. To thrust out of doors. 
— Lovelace. 2. To expel ; to thrust out ; to discharge, or 
throw off; to set at liberty. — 3. In algebra, to cause a 
quantity_to disappear from an equation. 

E-LIM'I-N A-TED, pp. Expelled ; thrown off; discharged. 

E-LIM'I-Na-TING, ppr. Expelling ; discharging ; throwing 
off. 

E-LIM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of expelling or throwing 
off; the act of discharging or secreting by the pores. — 
2. In algebra, the causing a quantity to disappear from an 
equation.* 

E-LIN"GUID (-ling'gwid), a. [L. elinguis.] Tongue-tied ; not 
having the power of speech. 

EL-I-QUI'TION, n. [L. eliquo.] In chemistry, the operation 
by which a more fusible substance is separated from ono 
that is less so, by means of heat, as silver from copper. 

E-Ll"SION (e-lizh'un), n. [L. elisio.] 1. In grammar, the cut- 
ting off or suppression of a vowel at the end of a word, 
for the sake of sound or measure, when the next word 
begins with a vowel ; as, th' embattled plain. 2. Divis 
ion ; separation. — Bacon ; [not used.] 

E-Ll'SOR, n. [Norm, eliser.] In law, a sheriff's substitut* 
for returning a jury. 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.—! g a, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



ELO 



345 



ELU 



E-Li'TE 1 (a-leetf), n. [Fr.J A choice or select body. 

E-LIX'ITE, v. t. [L. elixo.] To extract by boiling. 

E-LIX'A-TED, pp. Extracted by boiling. 

EL-IX-A'TION, n. [L. elixus.] 1. The act of boiling or stew- 
ing ; also, concoction in the stomach ; digestion. — 2. In 
pharmacy, the extraction of the virtues of ingredients by 
boiling or stewing ; also, lixiviation. 

E-LIX'IR, n. [Fr., Sp., Port, elixir.] 1. In medicine, a tinc- 
ture with more than one base. 2. A hquor for transmut- 
ing metals into gold. 3. Quintessence ; refined spirit. 
4. Any cordial ; that substance which invigorates. 

E-LIZ-A-BETHAN, a. Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or 
her times. 

ELK, n. [Sax. elch ; Sw. elg.] A quadruped of the cervine 
genus, with palmated horns ; also called moose. 

ELK'-NUT, n. A plant, the hamiltonia ; called, also, oil-nut. 

ELL, n. [Sax elne ; Sw. aln ; D. ell, elle.] A measure, of 
different lengths in different countries, used chiefly for 
measuring cloth. The English ell is 49 inches ; the Scotch, 
37-2 ; the French, 54. 

EL-LAg'I€ ACID, n. A weak, insipid acid, obtained from 
gall nuts, in which it coexists with gallic acid. — Brande. 

EL'LINGE, a. [Sax. alenge.] Cheerless ; sad. 

EL'LING-NESS, n. Loneliness ; dullness ; cheerlessness. 
— Henry VIII. 

EL-LiPSE' (el-lips'), n. In conic sections, a figure formed 
by the intersection of a plane and cone, when the plane 
passes obliquely through the opposite side of the cone. 

EL-LIP'SIS, n. ; pi. Ellipses. [Gr. eWeiipn.] 1. In gram- 
mar, defect ; omission ; a figure of syntax, by which one 
or more words are omitted. 2. One of the conic sections : 
see Ellipse. 

EL-LIP'SO-GRAPH, n. An instrument for describing ellip- 
ses ; called, also, trammel. 

EL-LIP'SOID, n. [ellipse, and Gr. «<5o?.] In geometry, a solid 
or figure formed by the revolution of an ellipse about its 
axis ; an elliptic conoid ; a spheroid. 

EL-LIP-SOIDAL, a. Pertaining to an ellipsoid ; having the 
form of an ellipsoid. 

EL-LIPTIC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to an ellipse ; having the 

EL-LIPTIC-AL, 5 form of an ellipse. 2. Having a part 
omitted ; as, an elliptical expression. 

EL-LIP'TIC-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the figure called 
an ellipse. 2. With a part omitted. 

EL-LIP-TIC'I-TY, n. Deviation from the form of a sphere ; 
[applied to the figure of the earth ;] being the difference be- 
tween the equatorial and polar diameters. 

ELM, n. [Sax. elm, or uhn-treou; D. olm.] A tree of the 
genus ulmus, of many species, prized for its timber and 
shade. 

ELM'EN, a. Of or belonging to elms. — Jennings. 

ELMY,_a. Abounding with elms. — Warton. 

EL-0-€a'TION, n. [L. eloco.] 1. A removal from the usual 
place of residence. — Bp. Hall. 2. Departure from the us- 
ual method ; an ecstasy. 

EL-O-Gu'TION, n. [L. elocutio.] 1. The utterance or deliv- 
ery of words, particularly in public discourses and argu- 
ments. — 2. In rhetoric, elocution consists of elegance, com- 
position, and dignity ; and Dryden uses the word as nearly 
synonymous with eloquence, the act of expressing thoughts 
with elegance or beauty. 3. Speech ; the power of speak- 
ing. Milton; [rare.] — 4. In ancient treatises on oratory, 
the wording of a discourse ; the choice and order of words ; 
composition; the act of framing a writing or discourse. 

EL-O-Cu'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to elocution, or con- 
taining it. 

EL-0-€u'TION-IST, n. One who is versed in elocution, or 
who treats of the subject. 

EL-0-€u'TIVE, a. Having the power of eloquent speak- 
ing. 

E-LogE' (a.-lozh'), n. [Fr.] A funeral oration ; a panegyric 
on the dead. — Atterbury. 

t EL'O-GIST, n. A eulogist. 

EL'O-dY, In. [Fr. eloge ; L. elogium. See Eulogy.] 

E-Lo'Gl-UM, 3 The praise bestowed on a person or thing ; 
panegyric. — Wotton. 

E-LOIN', v. t. [Fr. eloigner.] 1. To separate and remove to 
a distance. 2. To convey to a distance, and withhold from 
sight. [In law books, this word, with its derivatives, is 
more commonly written with g, as eloi^ne, &d 

E-LOIN'aTE, v. t. To remove.— Howell. 

E-LOIN'A-TED, pp. Removed. 

E-LOIN.ED' (e-loind') ) pp. Removed to a distance ; carried 
far off. 

E-LOINTNG, ppr. Removing to a distance from another, 
or to a place unknown. 

£-LOIN'MENT, n. Removal to a distance ; distance. 

t E-LONG', v. t. [Low L. elongo.] To put far off; to retard. 

E-LON"GaTE, v. t. [Low L. elongo.] 1. To lengthen; to 
extend. _ 2. To remove further off. 

E-LON"GaTE, v. i. To depart from; to recede; to move 
to a greater distance ; particularly, to recede apparently 
from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. 



E-LON"Ga-TED, pp. or a. Lengthened ; removed to a di? 
tance. 

E-LON"Ga-TING, ppr. 1. Lengthening ; extending. 2. Re- 
ceding to a greater distance. 

£-LON"Ga'TION, -».. 1. The act of stretching or lengthen 
ing. 2. The state of being extended. 3. Distance ; spact, 
which separates one thing from another. 4. Departure . 
removal; recession. 5. Extension; continuation. — 6. In 
astronomy, the distance of a planet from the sun, as it ap 
pears to the eye of a spectator on the earth. — 7. In surge- 
ry, an imperfect luxation, occasioned by the stretching or 
lengthening of the ligaments ; or the extension of a part 
beyond its natural dimensions. 

E-L5PE', v. i. [D. loopen, wegloopen.] To run away ; to quit 
one's station, without permission or right ; to escape pri- 
vately. Particularly, to run away from a husband with 
another man, or to quit a father's or guardian's house pri- 
vately, or without permission, with a gallant. 

E-LoPjSD' (e-lopf). pp. Run away privately. 

E-LoPE'MENT, n. Piivate or unlicensed departure from 
the place or station to which one is assigned by duty or 
law, particularly of a wife from her husband, or a daugh- 
ter or ward with a gallant. 

E-LoPTNG, ppr. Running away ; departing privately, or 
without permission, from a husband, father, or master. 

E'LOPS, n. [Gr. tWoxp.] A fish, inhabiting the seas ot 
America and the West Indies. 

EL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. eloquentia.] 1. The expression of 
strong emotion in a manner adapted to excite similar 
emotion in the minds of others. Eloquence comprehends a 
good elocution or utterance ; correct, appropriate, and 
rich expressions, with fluency, animation, and suitable 
action. Hence, eloquence is adapted to please, affect, and 
persiiade. 2. The power of expressing strong emotions 
with fluency and force. 3. Forcible language, which gives 
utterance to deep emotion. 4. It is sometimes applied to 
written language. — Syn. Oratory ; rhetoric. 

EL'O-QUENT, a. 1. Having the power of expressing strong 
emotions in a vivid and appropriate manner ; as, an elo- 
quent speaker. 2. Adapted to express strong emotion, flu- 
ency, and power ; as, an eloquent speech. 

EL'O-QUENT-LY, adv. With eloquence ; in an eloquent 
manner ; in a manner to please, affect, and persuade. 

EL'RICH. See Eldritch. 

ELSE (els), a. or pron. [Sax. elles.] Other ; one or some- 
thing besides ; as, who else is coming ? 

ELSE (els), adv. 1. Otherwise ; in the other case ; if f&J 
fact were different. 2. Besides ; except that mentioned. 

ELSE'WHERE, adv. 1. In any other place. 2. In some 
other place ; in other places, indefinitely. 

E-Lu'CI-DITE, v. t. [Low L. elucido.] To make clear or 
manifest ; to remove obscurity from, and render intelligi- 
ble. — Syn. Explain ; illustrate ; clear up ; expound. 

E-Lu'CI-Da-TED, pp. Explained ; made plain, clear, or in 
telligible. 

E-Lu'CI-Da-TLNG, ppr. Explaining ; making clear or intel- 
ligible. 

E-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of explaining or throwing 
light on any obscure subject. — Syn. Explanation ; illustra- 
tion ; exposition ; annotation ; comment. 

E-Lu'CI-DA-TIVE, a. Making clear ; explanatory. 

E-Lu'CI-Da-TOR, n. One who explains ; an expositor. 

E-Lu'CI-DA-TO-RY, a. Tending to elucidate. 

EL-U-G-Ta'TION, n. [L. eluctatus.] The act of bursting 
forth ; escape. 

E-LU-€U-BRa'TION. See Lucubration. 

E-LuDE', v. t. [L. eludo.] 1. To avoid by artifice, strata- 
gem, wiles, deceit, or dexterity. 2. To mock by an unex- 
pected escape ; as, to elude pursuit. 3. To escape being 
seen ; to remain unseen or undiscovered ; as, to elude dis- 
covery. — Syn. To evade ; avoid ; escape ; shun ; to flee ■ 
mock. 

E-LuD'ED, pp. Escaped; avoided; evaded. 

E-LuD'I-BLE, a. That may be eluded or escaped. 

E-LuD'ING, ppr. Escaping; avoiding; evading. 

E'LUL, n. The twelfth month of the" civil Jewish year, and 
the sixth of the ecclesiastical, corresponding nearly to our 
August. 

t E-LUM'BI-TED, a. [L. elumbis.] Weakened in the loins. 

E-Lfj'SION (e-lu'zhun), n. [L. eluisio.] An escape by arti- 
fice or deception ; evasion. 

E-LtJ'SIVE, a. Practicing elusion ; using arts to escape 

E-LO'SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being elusory. 

E-Lu'SO-RY, a. Tending to elude ; tending to deceive. 
Syn. Evasive; fraudulent; fallacious; deceitful; decep 
tive. 

E-LuTE', v. t. [L. eluo.] To wash off; to cleanse 

E-LuT'ED, pp. Washed ; cleansed. 

E-LtJT'ING, ppr. Cleansed by washing. 

E-LU'TRI-ITE, v. t. [L. elutrio.] To purify by washing ; to 
cleanse, as a pulverulent substance, by separating' foul 
matter, and decanting or straining off the hquor. 

E-LtJ'TRI-A-TED, pp. Cleansed by washing and decantation 



DnVE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this. A Obsolete. 



EMA 



346 



EM}* 



E-LuTRI-A-TING, ppr. Purifying by washing and decanting. 

E-LU-TRI-I'TION, n. The operation of washing a pulveru- 
lent substance by mixing it with water, and pouring off 
the liquid, in which the foul or extraneous substances are 
floating, while the heavier particles are deposited at the 
bottom. 

E-LUX'ITE, v. t. [L. eluxatus.] To dislocate. See Luxate. 

E-LUX'a-TED, pp. Dislocated. 

E-LUX'I-TING, ppr. Dislocating. 

EL-UX-A'TION, n. The dislocation of a bone. See Lux- 
ation. 

EL VAN, a. Pertaining to elves. 

ELVE'-LO€KS. See Elf-lock. 

ELVERS, n. pi. Young eels ; young congers or sea-eels. 

ELVES, pi. of. elf. 

ELVISH, a. More properly elfish, which see. 

ELVISH-MiRKED' (-markt), a. Marked or disfigured by 
elves. — Shak. 

EL-Y-DORTG, a. [Gr. tXaiov and vbwp.] Elydoric painting 
is with oil and water, so as to add the freshness of water 
colors to the mellowness of oil painting. — Elmes. 

E-LYS'IAN (e-lizh'yan), a. (L. elysius.] Pertaining to elys- 
ium, or the seat of delight ; yielding the highest pleasures ; 
deliciously soothing ; exceedingly delightful. 

E-LYS'IUM (e-lizh'yum), n. [L. elysium.] In ancient mythol- 
ogy, a place assigned to happy souls after death ; a place 
in the lower regions, furnished with rich fields, groves, 
shades, streams, &c, the seat of future happiness. Hence, 
any delightful place. 

E-LYT'RI-FORM, a. In the form of a wing-sheath. 

EL'Y-TRON, > n. ; pi. Elytra. [Gr.] The wing-sheath of 

ELY-TRUM, 5 beetles ; an outer hard case, beneath which 
are the true wings. 

EL'ZE-VIR E-DI'TIONS, n. pi. Editions of the classics, &c, 
published by the Elzevir family at Amsterdam and Ley- 
den, from about 1595 to 1680, and highly prized for their 
accuracy and elegance. — Encyc. Am. 

*EM. A contraction of them. — Hudibras. 

t E-MAC'ER-aTE, v. t. To make lean. 

t E-MAC'ER-a-TED, pp. Made lean. 

t E-MAC'ER-a-TING, ppr. Making lean. 

f E-MAC-ER-a'TION, n. A making lean ; emaciation. 

E-Ma'CIaTE, v. i. [L. tnacio.] To lose flesh gradually ; to 
become lean by pining with sorrow, or by loss of appe- 
tite, or other cause ; to waste away, as flesh ; to decay in 
flesh. 

E-Ma'CIaTE, v. t. To cause to lose flesh gradually; to 
waste the flesh and reduce to leanness. 

E-Ma'CTATE, a. Thin ; wasted.— Shenstone. 

E-Ma'CIa-TED, pp. or a. Reduced to leanness by a gradual 
loss of flesh ; thin ; lean. 

E-Ma'CLv-TING, ppr. Wasting the flesh gradually ; making 
lean. 

E-MA-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of making lean or thin in 
flesh ; or a becoming lean by a gradual waste of flesh. 2. 
The state of being reduced to leanness. 

E-MAC'U-LaTE, v. t. To take spots from. [Little used.] 

E-MA€-U-La'TION, it. [L. emaculo.] The act or operation 
of freeing from spots. [Little used.] 

EM'A-NANT, a. [L. emanans.] Issuing or flowing from. — 
Hale. 

EM'A-NaTE, v. i. [L. emano.] 1. To issue from a source ; 
to flow from, as light from the sun. 2. To proceed from 
a source or fountain, as power from the people. — Syn. To 
flow ; _arise ; proceed ; issue ; spring. 

EM'A-Na-TING, ppr. Issuing or flowing from a fountain. 

EM-A-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of flowing or proceeding 
from a fountain-head or origin. 2. That which issues, 
flows, or proceeds from any source, substance, or body ; 
efflux ; effluvium. 

EM'A-NA-TlVE, «. Issuing from another. 

E-MAN'CI-PaTE, v. t. [L. emancipo.] 1. To set free from 
servitude or slavery, by the voluntaiy act of the proprie- 
tor ; to hberate ; to restore from bondage to freedom. 2. 
To set free, or restore to liberty ; [in a general sense.] 3. 
To free from bondage or restraint of any kind ; to hberate 
from subjection, controlling power, or influence, as the 
mind. — i. In ancient Rome, to set a son free from subjec- 
tion to his father, and destroy the peculiar relation sub- 
sisting between them by law. 

E-MAN'CI-PATE, a. Set at liberty.— Cowper. 

E-MAN'CI-Pa-TED, pp. or a. Set free from bondage, slav- 
ery, servitude, subjection, or dependence; liberated. 

E-MAN'CI-P1-TING, ppr. Setting free from bondage, servi- 
tude, or dependence ; liberating. 

E-MAN-CI-Pa'TION, n. The act of setting free from slav- 
ery, servitude, subjection, or dependence ; being delivered 
from bondage or controlling influence. — Syn. Deliver- 
ance ; liberation ; release ; freedom. 

E-MAN-CI-Pa'TION-IST, n. An advocate for the emancipa- 
tion of slaves. 

E-MAN'CI-Pa-TOR, n. One who emancipates or liberates 
from bondage or restraint. 



E-MAN'CI-PIST, n. A name given in New Holland to cm 

victs who have been set free. 
E-MANE', v. i. [L. emano.] To issue or flow from. See Ejn 

ANATE. 

f E-MaR'gIN-aTE, v. t. [L. emargino.] To take away the 

margin or edge of any thing. 
E-MaR'gIN-ATE, 1 a. [Fr. marge.] 1. In botany, notched 
E-MaR'gIN-a-TED, 5 in a peculiar manner at the apex.— 

2. In mineralogy, having all the edges of the primitive form 
truncated, each by one face. — 3. In zoology, having the 
margin broken by an obtuse notch on the segment ot a 
circle. — Brande. 

E-MaR'gIN-a-TING, ppr. Taking away the margin. 

E-MAR'GlN-ATE-LY, adv. In the form of notches. 

E-MAS'€U-LITE, v. t. [Low L. emasculo.] 1. To castrate ; 
to deprive a male of certain parts which characterize the 
sex ; to geld ; to deprive of virility. 2. To deprive of 
masculine strength or vigor ; to weaken ; to render effem- 
inate ; to vitiate by unmanly softness. 

E-MAS'€U-LATE, a. Unmanned; deprived of vigor. 

E-MAS'-GU-La-TED, pp. or a. Castrated ; weakened. 

E-MAS'CU-La-TING, ppr. Castrating ; gelding ; depriving 
of vigor. 

E-MAS-CU-La'TION, n. 1. The act of depriving a male of 
the parts which characterize the sex ; castration. 2. The 
act of depriving of vigor or strength ; effeminacy ; unman- 
ly weakness. 

EM-BaLE', v. t. [Fr. emballer.] 1. To make up into a bun- 
dle, bale, or package ; to pack. 2. To bind ; to inclose ; as, 
to embale in golden buskins. — Spenser. 

EM-BaLjED' (em-bald/), pp. Made into a bale. 

EM-BaL'ING, ppr. Making into a bale. 

t EM-BALL', v. t. To encircle or embrace. — Spenser. 

t EM-BALI/ING, n. An embrace.— Shak. 

EM-BaLM' (em-bam'), v. t. [Fr. embaumer.] 1. To open a 
dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place with 
odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to prevent 
its putrefaction. 2. To fill with sweet scent, as the air. 

3. To preserve, with care and affection, from loss or de- 
cay, as the memory of a friend. 

EM-Ba.LM.ED' (em-bamd'), pp. or a. Filled with aromatic 
plants for preservation ; filled with sweet scent; preserved 
from loss or destruction. 

EM-BaLM'ER, n. One who embalms bodies for preserva- 
tion. 

EM-BALMTNG, ppr. Filling a dead body with spices for 
preservation ; filling with sweet scent ; preserving witn 
care from loss, decay, or destruction. 

EM-BILM'ING, n. The act or art of filling a dead body 
with spices for preservation. 

EM-BaLM'MENT, n. Act of embalming. 

EM-BANK', v. t. To inclose with a tiank ; to defend with a 
bank, or mounds, or dikes. 

EM-BANKED' (-bankf), pp. Inclosed or defended by a bank. 

EM-BANK'ING, ppr. Inclosing cr surrounding with a 
bank. 

EM-BANK'MENT, n. 1. The act of surrounding or defend- 
ing with a bank. 2. A mound or bank raised for various 
purposes, as for protecting against inundation, for the 
passage of a raii-road, <fcc. 

EM-BIR', v. t. 1. To shut, close, or fasten with a bar ; to 
make fast. 2. To inclose so as to hinder egress or escape. 
— Spenser. 3. To stop ; to shut from entering ; to hinder ; 
to block up. — Bacon. 

EM-BaR-€a'TION, n. Embarkation, which see. 

EM-BaR'GO, n. [Sp. embargo ; Port, Fr. id.] In commerce, 
a restraint on ships, or prohibition of sailing, either out of 
port, or into port, or both ; which prohibition is by public 
authority, for a limited time. Most generally, it is a pro- 
hibition of ships to leave a port. 

EM-BaR'GO, v. t. [Sp. Port, embargar.] 1. To hinder or 
prevent ships from sailing out of port, or into port, or 
both, by some law or edict of sovereign authority, for a 
limited time. 2. To stop ; to hinder from being prose- 
cuted by the departure or entrance of ships. 

EM-BaR'Go.ED, pp. Stopped ; hindered from sailing ; hin- 
dered by public authority, as ships or commerce. 

EM-B X.R'GO-ING, ppr. Restraining from sailing by public 
authority; hindering. 

EM-BaRK', v. t. [Sp. embarcar.] 1. To put or cause to en- 
ter on board a ship or other vessel, or boat. 2. To engage 

. a person in any affair. 

EM-BaRK', v. i. 1. To go on board of a ship, boat, or ves- 
sel. 2. To engage in any business ; to undertake in ; to 
take a share in. 

EM-BaRK-a'TION, n. 1. The act of putting on board of a 
ship or other vessel, or the act of going aboard. 2. That 
which is embarked. 3. [Sp. embarcacion.] A small ves- 
sel or boat ; [unusual] 

EM-B ARK.ED' (em-bar ktf), pp. Put on shipboard ; engaged 
in any affair. 

EM-BaRK'ING, ppr. Putting on board of a ship or boat 
going on shipboard. 



* Sit Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, e, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD — M5VE, BOOK, 



EMB 



347 



EMB 



EM-BAR'RASS, n. Embarrassment— Warburton. 

EM-BART? ASS, v. t. [Fr. embarrasser.] Literalhj, to put a 
bar or difficulty in the way. Hence, 1. To involve in diffi- 
culties ; to render intricate, perplexed, or entangled, as 
trade or business. 2. To throw into perplexity or confu- 
sion, as the mind or intellectual faculties. 3. To subject 
to pressure and perplexity, as by debts or demands be- 
yond the means of payment. 4. To create confusion and 
agitation of feeling ; as. the bashful are apt to be embar- 
rassed. — Syn. To hinder ; perplex ; entangle ; confuse ; 
disconcert ; abash ; distress ; embroil. 

EM-BAR'RASSED (em-bar'rast), pp. or a. Perplexed ; ren- 
dered intricate ; confused ; confounded. 

EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. or a. Perplexing ; entangling ; 
confusing; confounding; abashing. 

EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, n. 1. Perplexity; intricacy; entan- 
glement. 2. Confusion of mind. 3. Perplexity arising 
trom insolvency, or from temporal inability to discharge 
debts. 4. Confusion ; abashment, as of a bashful person. 

EM-BaRRED' (em-bard'), pp. Shut ; closed ; fastened. 

EM-Ba.RB.ING, ppr. Fastening, as with a bar. 

EM-BaSE', v. t. 1. To lower in value ; to vitiate ; to de- 
prave ; to impair. 2. To degrade ; to vilify ; [rare.] 

EM-BaSE'MENT, n. Act of depraving ; depravation ; dete- 
rioration. — South. 

(■ EM'BAS-SaDE, n. An embassy. — Spenser. 

EM-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [Sp. embaxador ; Port. id. ; Fr. ambas- 
sadeur.] 1. A minister of the highest rank, employed by 
one prince or state at the court of another, to manage the 
public concerns of his own prince or state, and represent- 
ing the power and dignity of his sovereign. — 2. In ludicrous 
language, a messenger. — Ash. 

EM-BAS-SA-DoTlI-AL, a. Pertaining to an embassador. 

EM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. 1. The consort of an embassador. 
2. A woman sent on an embassy. 

\ EM'BAS-SAgE, n. An embassy. 

EM'BAS-SY, n. [Sp., Port, embaxada; Fr. ambassade.] 1. 
The charge or employment of a public minister, whether 
embassador or envoy ; the persons sent on an embassy. 
2. A solemn message. — 3. Ironically, an errand. 

EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. 1. To arrange in order of battle ; to ar- 
ray troops for battle. 2. To furnish with battlements. 

EM-BATTLE, v. i. To be ranged in order of battle. 

EM-BATTLED, pp. or a. 1. Arrayed in order of battle. 2. 
Furnished with battlements ; and, in heraldry, having the 
outline resembling a battlement, as an ordinary. 3. Hav- 
ing been the place of battle. 

VJtf-BAT'TLING, ppr. Ranging in battle array. 

£M-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe. 

EM-BaY', v. t. 1. To inclose in a bay or inlet : to landlock ; 
to inclose between capes or promontories. 2. [Fr. baigner.] 
To bathe ; to wash ; [not used.] 

EM-BIYED' (em-bade'), pp. Inclosed in a bay, or between 
points of land ; landlocked, as a ship. 

EM-BaY'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a bay. 

EM-BED', v. t. To lay, as in a bed ; to lay in surrounding 
matter. 

EM-BED'DED, pp. or a. Laid, as in a bed ; deposited or in- 
closed in surrounding matter. 

EM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, depositing, or forming, as in 
a bed. 

EM-BED'MENT, n. Act of embedding ; state of being em- 
bedded. 

EM-BELLJSH, v. t. [Fr. embellir.] 1. To make beautiful or 
elegant by ornaments. 2. To make graceful or elegant, as 
manners. — Syn. To adorn ; beautify ; deck ; decorate ; en- 
rich ; ornament ; grace ; illustrate. 

EM-BEL'LISHED (em-bellisht), pp. or a. Adorned ; deco- 
rated ; beautified. 

EM-BEL'LISH-ER, n. One who embellishes ; one who 
graces with ornaments. 

EM-BEL'LISH-ING, ppr. Adorning ; decorating ; adding 
grace, ornament, or elegance to a person or thing. 

EM-BEL'LISH-ING-LY, adv. So as to embellish. 

EM-BEL'LISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of adorning. 2. Any 
thing that adds beauty or elegance ; that which renders 
any thing pleasing to the eye, or agreeable to the taste, in 
dress, furniture, manners, or in the fine arts. — Syn. Orna- 
ment; decoration; grace; beauty; elegance. 

EM'BER, in ember-days, ember-weeks, is the~Saxon emb-ren, or 
ymb-ryne, a circle. — Ember-days are the Wednesday, Fri- 
day, and Saturday after Quadragesima Sunday, after Whit- 
sunday, after Holyrood day in September, and after St. 
Lucia's day in December.— Ember-days are days return- 
ing at certain seasons ; Ember-weeks, the weeks in which 
these days fall ; and our ancestors used the words Ember- 
fast and Ember-tide, or season. — Lye. 

EM'BER-GOOSE, n. A web-footed bird inhabiting the Arc- 
tic regions ; also called the great northern diver. It is 
large r~than the common goose. 

EM'BER-WEEK. See Ember. 

t EM-BER-ING, ti. The ember-days.— Tusser. 

EM'BERS, n. pi. [Sax. amyrian.] Small coals of fire with 



ashes ; the residuum of wood, coal, or other combustible'' 
not extinguished ; cinders. 

EM-BEZ'ZLE (em-bez'zl), v. t. [Norm, embeasilcr.] 1. To 
appropriate fraudulently to one's own use what is intrust- 
ed to one's care and management. It differs from stealing 
and robbery in this, that the latter imply a wrongful taking 
of another's goods, but embezzlement denotes the wrongful 
appropriation and use of what came into possession by 
right. 2. To waste ; to dissipate in extravagance. 

EM-BEZ'ZLED (em-bezld), pp. Appropriated wrongfully 
to one's own use. 

EM-BEZ'ZLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of fraudulently appro- 
priating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to 
one's care and management. 2. The thing appropriated. 

EM-BEZ'ZLER, n. One who embezzles. 

EM-BEZ'ZLING, ppr. Fraudulently applying to one's own 
use what is intrusted to one's care and employment. 

EM-BLaZE', v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] 1. To adorn with glitter 
ing embellishments. 2. To blazon ; to paint or adorn with 
figures armorial. 

EM-BLaZ-ED' (em-blazd'), pp. Adorned with shining orna- 
ments, or with figures armorial. 

EM-BLIZTNG, ppr. Embellishing with glittering orna- 
ments, or with figures armorial. 

EM-BLa'ZON (em-bla'zn), v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] 1. To adorn 
with figures of heraldry or ensigns armorial. 2. To deck 
in glaring colors ; to display pompously. 

EM-BLa'ZONjED (em-bla'znd), pp. Adorned with figure9 
or ensigns armorial; set out pompously. 

EM-BLa'ZON-ER, 72. 1. A blazoner ; one who emblazons , 
a herald. 2. One who publishes and displays with pomp. 

EM-BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Adorning with ensigns or figures 
armorial ; displaying with pomp. 

EM-BLa'ZON-ING, n. The act or ait of adorning with en- 
signs armorial. 

EM-BLa'ZON-MENT, n. An emblazoning.— Roscoe. 

EM-BL A'Z ON-RY, n. Pictures on shields ; display of figures. 

EM'BLEM, 7i. [Gr. rjjj^\vp.a.] 1. Literally, inlaid, as Mosaic 
work ; something inserted in the body of another. 2. A 
picture representing one thing to the eye, and another to 
the understanding ; a painted enigma. 3. A painting or 
representation intended to hold forth some moral or polit- 
ical instruction ; an allusive picture ; a typical designation. 
4. That which represents another thing in its predominant 
qualities ; as, blue is the emblem of innocence. — Syn. Figure ; 
type ; symbol ; adumbration. 

EM'BLEM. v. t. To represent by similar qualities. 

EM-BLEM-ATTC, \a. 1. Pertaining to or comprising 

EM-BLEM-AT'IC-AL, 5 an emblem. 2. Representing by 
some allusion or customary connection. 3. Representing 
by similar qualities. 4. Using emblems. 

EM-BLEM-AT'I€-AL LY, adv. By way or means of em- 
blems ; in the manner of emblems ; by way of allusive 
representation. 

EM-BLEM'A-TIST, n. A writer or inventor of emblems 

EM-BLEM'A-TlZE, v. t. To represent by an emblem. 

EM-BLEM'A-TiZED, pp. Represented by an emblem 

EM-BLEM'A-TiZ-ING, ppr. Representing by an emblem. 

EM'BLE-MENT, n. ; used mostly in the plural. [Norm, em- 
blear.] The produce or fruits of land sown or planted by 
a tenant, which belong to him, though his lease may ter- 
minate before harvest. — Blackstone. 

EM'BLEM-lZE, v. t. To represent by an emblem. 

EM'BLEM-lZED, pp. Represented by an emblem. 

EM'BLEM-iZ-ING, ppr. Representing by an emblem. 

EM-BLOOM', v. t. To cover or enrich with bloom.— Good. 

EM-B LOOMED', pp. Enriched with bloom. 

EM-BLOOM'ING, ppr. Covering with bloom. 

EM-BOD'I£D. pp. or a. Collected or formed into a body. 

EM-BOD'I-ER. n. He that embodies. 

EM-BOD'I-MENT, n. The act of embodying ; the state of 
being embodied. 

EM-BOD'Y, v. t. 1. To form into a body ; to invest with 
matter ; to make corporeal. 2. To form into a body, col 
lection, or system. 3. To bring into a band, company, 
regiment, brigade, army, or other regular assemblage ; to 
collect. 

EM-BODT, v. i. To unite in a body, mass, or collection ; to 
coalesce. — Milton. 

EM-BOD'Y-ING, ppr. 1. Forming into a body; investing 
with a corporeal body. 2. Collecting and uniting in a body. 

EM-BOGU'ING (em-bog'ing), n. The mouth of a river, or 
place where its waters are discharged into the sea. 

EM-BoLD'EN, v. t. To give boldness or courage to to en 
courage. 

EM-BoLD'ENED (em-bold'nd), pp. or a. Encouraged. 

EM-BoLD'EN-ER, n. One who emboldens. 

EM-BoLD'EN-ING, ppr. Giving courage or boldness. 

EM'BO-LISM, 72. [Gr. tiSoXictxos.] 1. Intercalation ; the in- 
sertion of days, months, or years in an account of time, to 
produce regularity. 2. Intercalated time. 

EM-BO-LIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to intercalation ; interca 
lated; inserted. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S^Z; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



EMB 



348 



EME 



EM-BO-LIS'MI€,«a. Intercalated; inserted. 

EM'BO-LUS, n. [Gr. £//goAo$.] Something inserted or act- 
ing in another ; that which thrusts or drives ; a piston. 

EM-BON-POINT' (ang-bong-pwa/). Plumpness of body or 
person. 

EM-BOR'DER, v. t. [Old Fr. emborder.] To adorn with a 
border. 

EM-BORDERED, pp. Adorned with a border. 

EM-BOR'DER-ING, ppr. Adorning with a border. 

EM- BOSS', v. t. 1. In the fine arts, to form bosses or protu- 
berances ; to fashion in relievo or raised work ; to cut or 
form with prominent figures. 2. To cover, as with bosses ; 
to cover with protuberances. 3. To drive hard in hunt- 
ing, till a deer foams, or a dog's knees swell. 

f EM-BOSS', v. t. [Fr. emboiter.] To inclose as in a box ; to 
include ; to cover. — Spenser. 

\ EM-BOSS', v. t. [It. imboscare.] To inclose in a wood ; to 
conceal in a thicket. — Milton. 

EM-BOSSED' (em-bost*), pp. or a. Formed or covered with 
bosses or raised figures. 

EM-BOSS'ING, ppr. Forming with figures in relievo. 

EM-BOSS'ING, n. The formation of ornamental figures in 
relief ; the figures thus formed. — Hebert. 

EM-BOSS'MENT. n. 1. A prominence, like a boss ; a jut. 

2. Relief ; figures in relievo ; raised work. 
EM-BOT'TLE, v. t. To put in a bottle ; to bottle ; to include 

or confine in a bottle. 

EM-BOTTLED, pp. Put in or included in bottles.— Philips. 

EM-BoU-CHVRE' (ang-boo-shur'), n. The mouth of a riv- 
er, cannon, &c. ; the mouth-hole of a wind instrument of 
music. 

EM-BoW, v. i. To form like a bow ■ to arch ; to vault. 

EM-BOWEL, v. t. 1. To take out the entrails of an animal 
body ; to eviscerate. 2. To take out the internal parts. 

3. To sink or inclose in another substance. 
EM-BQW'ELED, pp. or a. Deprived of intestines ; eviscer- 
ated; buried. 

EM-BO W'EL-ER n. One who takes out the bowels. 

EM-BO W'EL-ING, ppr. Depriving of entrails ; eviscerating ; 
burying. 

EM-BOW'EL-MENT, n. The act of taking out the bowels ; 
evisceration. — Lamb. 

EM -BOWER, v. i. To lodge or rest in a bower. — Spenser. 

EM-BOWER, v. t. To cover with a bower ; to shelter with 
trees. — Thomson. 

EM-BO W'ER£D, pp. or a. Covered with a bower ; shel- 
tered with trees. 

EM-BO WER-ING, ppr. Covering with a bower or with trees. 

EM-BOXED' (em-boxtO, a. Inclosed, as in a box. 

EM-BRaCE', v. t. [Fr. embrasser.] 1. To take in the arms ; 
to press to the bosom, in token of affection. 2. To seize 
eagerly ; to lay hold on ; to receive or take with willing- 
ness that which is offered. 3. To comprehend within 
limits ; as, to embrace the whole circle of the sciences. 4. 
To encompass ; to encircle, as a river. 5. To receive ; to 
admit ; as, to embrace a doctrine. 6. To find ; to take ; to 
accept ; as, " he must embrace the fate of that sad hour." — 
Shak. ; [rare.'] 7. To have carnal intercourse with. 8. To 
put on. 9. To attempt to influence a jury corruptly. — 
Syn. Clasp ; hug ; inclose ; encircle ; include ; comprise ; 
contain; encompass. 

EM-BRaCE', v. i. To join in an embrace. — Shak. 

EM-BRaCE', n. 1. Inclosure or clasp with the arms; press- 
ure to the bosom with the arms. 2. Reception of one 
thing into another. 3. Sexual intercourse ; conjugal en- 
dearment. — Syn. Hug ; clasp ; lock ; grapple ; pressure. 

EM-BRaCED' (em-braste'), pp. 1. Inclosed in the arms ; 
clasped to the bosom ; seized ; laid hold on ; received ; 
comprehended ; included ; contained ; accepted. 2. In- 
fluenced corruptly ; biased, as a juror. 

EM-BRaCE'MENT, n. 1. A clasp in the arms ; a hug ; em- 
brace. 2. Hostile hug ; grapple. 3. Comprehension ; 
state of being contained ; inclosure. 4. Conjugal endear- 
ment ; sexual commerce. 5. Willing acceptance. 

EM-BRaCE'OR, n. One who attempts to influence a jury 
corruptly. 

EM-BRaC'ER, n. The person who embraces. 

EM-BRaC'ER-Y, n. In law, an attempt to influence a jury 
corruptly to one side, by promises, persuasions, entreaties, 
money, entertainments, or the like. 

EM-BRaC'ING, ppr. 1. Clasping in the arms ; pressing to the 
bosom ; seizing and holding ; comprehending ; including ; 
receiving ; accepting ; having conjugal intercourse. 2. 
Attempting to influence a jury corruptly. 
EM-BRaID', v. t. To upbraid— Elyo t. 

* ^M-BRa'SUPcE (em-bra'zhur), n. [Fr.] 1. An opening in 
a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed and 
discharged. — 2. In architecture, the enlargement of the 
aperture of a door or window, on the inside of the wall. 

1 EM-BRaVE', v. t. 1. To embellish ; to make showy. 2. 
To inspire with bravery ; to make bold. 

EM^SRaVED', pp. Made showy ; inspired with bravery. 

EM'BRO-CaTE, v. t. [Gr. e^^w.] In surgery and medi 



cine, to moisten and rub a diseased part of the body •villi 
a liquid substance. 

EM'BRO-&"-TED, pp. Moistened and rubbed with a wet 
cloth or ^onge. 

EM'BRO-€a-TING,££>t\ Moistening and rubbing a diseased 
part with a wet cloth or sponge. 

EM-BRO-€I'TION, n. 1. The act of moistening and rubbing 
a diseased part with a cloth or sponge dipped in some 
liquid substance. 2. The liquid with which an affected 
part is washed. 

EM-BROID'ER, v. t. [Fr. broder.] To border with orna- 
mental needle-work, or figures ; to adorn with raised fig- 
ures of needle-work, as cloth, stuffs, or muslin. 

EM-BROID'ERED, pp. or a. Adorned with figures of needle- 
work. 

EM-BROID'ER-ER, n. One who embroiders. 

EM-BROID'ER-ING, ppr. Ornamenting with figured needle- 
work. 

EMBROID'ER-Y, n. 1. Work in gold, silver, silk, or other 
thread, formed by the needle on cloth, stuffs, and muslin, 
into various figures ; variegated needle-work. 2. Varie- 
gation or diversity of figures and colors ; as, the natural 
embroidery of meadows. 3. Artificial ornaments ; as, the 
embroidery of words. — Hooker. 

EM-BROIL', v. t. [Fr. embrouiller.] 1. To intermix in con- 
fusion ; as, embroiled with fable and legend. 2. To involve 
in troubles or perplexities ; to disturb or distract by con- 
nection with something else ; to throw into confusion or 
commotion. — Syn. To perplex ; entangle ; encumber ; 
confound ; mingle ; distract ; disturb ; disorder ; trouble. 

EM-BROILED' (em-broild), pp. Perplexed ; entangled ; in- 
termixed and confused ; involved in trouble. 

EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangling ; involving in 
trouble. 

EM-BROIL'MENT, n. A state of contention, perplexity, or 
confusion ; disturbance. 

EM-BRONZE'. See Bronze. 

EM-BROTHEL, v. t. To inclose in a brothel.— Donne. 

EM'BRY-O, } n. [Gr. ijxSpvov ; L. embryon.] 1. In physi- 

EM'BRY-ON, 3 ology, the first rudiments of an animal in 
the womb, before the several members are distinctly 
formed ; after which it is called a fetus. 2. The rudi- 
ments of a plant. 3. The beginning or first state of any 
thing, while yet in a rude and unfinished condition. 

EM'BRY-O, > a. Pertaining to or noting any thing in its 

EM'BRY-ON, 3 first rudiments or unfinished state. 

EM-BRY-OL'O-gY, n. The doctrine of the development of 
the fetus of animals. 

EM'BRY-ON- ATE, a. In the state of an embryo. 

EM-BRY-ON'IC, a. Pertaining to an embryo, or in the state 
of one. — Coleridge. 

EM-BRY-OT'O-MY, n. [embryo, and Gr. row.] A cutting or 
forcible separation of the fetus from the womb. 

t EM-BUSY (em-biz'y), v. t. To employ. 

t EME, n. [Sax. eame.] Uncle. See Eame. 

E-MEN'A-GOGUE. See Emmenagogue. 

t E-MEND', v. t. To make better or more perfect. — Syn. To 
amend ; correct ; improve ; better ; reform ; rectify. 

E-MEND'A-BLE, a. [L. emendabilis.] Capable of being 
amended or corrected. See Amendable. 

t E-MEND'ATE-LY, adv. Without fault ; correct— Tav- 
ern er.] 

EM-EN-DI'TION, n. [L. emendatio.] 1. The act of altering 
for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faulty ; 
correction. When we speak of life and manners, we use 
amend, amendment, the French orthography. 2. An alter 
ation for the better ; correction of an error or fault. 

EM'EN-Da-TOR, n. A corrector of errors or faults in writ- 
ings ; one who corrects or improves. 

E-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. Contributing to emendation. 

E-MEND'ED,p£>. or a. Corrected ; made better ; improved 

t E-MEN'DI-CITE, v. t. [L. emendico.] To beg. 

E-MEN'DI-€a-TED, pp. Begged. 

E-MEN'DI-€a-TING, ppr. Begging. 

EM'E-RALD, n. [Sp. csmeralda.] 1. A precious stone of a 
green color, and identical, except in color, with beryl. 
[See Beryl.] 2. A printing type, in size between minion 
and nonpareil. 

E-MERgE' (e-merj'), v. i. [L. emergo.] 1. To rise out of a 
fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. 2. To 
issue ; to proceed from ; [opposed to immerge.] 3. To re- 
appear, after being eclipsed ; to leave the sphere of the 
obscuring object. 4. To rise out of a state of depression 
or obscurity ; to rise into view. 

E-MERG'ENCE, ) n. 1. The act of rising out of a fluid or 

E-MERG'EN-CY, 5 other covering or surrounding matter. 
2. The act of rising or starting into view ; the act of issu- 
ing from, or quitting. 3. That which comes suddenly ; a 
sudden occasion ; an unexpected event. 4. Exigence ; any 
event or occasional combination of circumstances which 
calls for immediate action or remedy ; pressing necessity. 

E-MERG'ENT, a. 1. Rising out of a fluid or any thing that 
covers or surrounds. 2. Issuing or proceeding from. 3 



* See Synopsis. A, E\ I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



EMI 



349 



EMP 



Klsing out of a depressed state or from obscurity. 4. 
Coming suddenly ; sudden ; casual ; unexpected ; urgent ; 
pressing. 

E-MERG'ENT-LY, adv. By emerging. 

E-MER'IT-ED, a. [L. emeritus.] Allowed to have done suf- 
ficient public service. — Evelyn. 

E-MER'LTUS, n.; pi. Emeriti. [L.] One who has been 
honorably discharged from public service. 

EM'E-RODS, n., with a plural termination. [Corrupted from 
hemorrhoids ; Gr. al/xoppoiSes.] Hemorrhoids ; hvid, pain- 
ful, and bleeding tubercles about the anus. 

C-MER'SION (e-mer'shun), n. [L. emergo.] 1. The act of 
rising out of a fluid or other covering or surrounding sub- 
stance. — 2. In astronomy, the reappearance of a heavenly 
body after an eclipse. 3. The reappearance of a star, 
which has been hid by the effulgence of the sun's light. 4. 
Extrication. 

EM'ER-Y, n. [Fr. emeril, emeri.] A variety of corundum, 
distinguished for its extreme hardness. Its powder is 
used tor polishing metals, gems, and other hard substances. 
— Brande. 

EM'E-SIS, n. [Gr.] A vomiting ; discharges from the stom- 
ach by the mouth. 

E-MET'IC, a. [It., Sp. emetico.] Inducing to vomit ; exciting 
the stomach to discharge its contents by the oesophagus 
and mouth. 

E-MET'IC, n. A medicine that provokes vomiting. 

E-MET'IC-AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite 
vomiting. — Boyle. 

EM'E-TIN, n. [from emetic.'] A white or yellowish pow- 
der, supposed to be an alkaloid, which is obtained from 
ipecacuanha and other emetic roots. 

B'MEU, \n. A very large bird of New Holland, allied to 

E'MEW, S the cassowary and ostrich, and often called the 
Neio Holland cassowary. Its wings, useless for flight, serve 
to balance the body in running. 

E-MEuTE' (a-mut/), n. [Fr.] A seditious commotion or 
mob. 

EM-I-CI'TION, n. [L. emicatio.] A sparkling ; a flying off 
in small particles, as from heated iron or fermenting liquors. 

E-MIG'TION, n. [L. mingo.] The discharging of urine ; 
urine ; what is voided by the urinary passages. 

EMT-GRANT, a. Removing, or having removed, from one 
place or country to another distant place with a view to 
reside. 

EMIGRANT, n. One who removes his habitation, or quits 
one country or region to settle in another. 

EM'I-GRaTE, v. i. [L. emigro.] To quit one country, state, 
or region and settle in another ; to remove from one coun- 
try or state to another for the purpose of residence. 

£M"T-GRa-TED, pp. Removed from one country to another 
with a view to settlement. 

EMI-GRa-TING, ppr. Removing from one country or state 
to another for residence. 

EM-I-GRa'TION, 7i. Removal of inhabitants from one 
country or state to another, for the purpose of residence. 

EM'I-NENCE, \ n. [L. eminentia.] 1. Elevation ; height ; a 

EM'I-NEN-C Y, 5 rising ground ; a hill. 2. Summit ; high- 
est part. 3. A part rising or projecting beyond the rest, 
or above the surface. 4. An elevated situation among 
men ; a place or station above men in general, either in 
rank, office, or celebrity. 5. Exaltation ; high rank ; dis- 
tinction ; celebrity ; fame ; preferment ; conspicuousness. 

6. Supreme degree ; as, "to enjoy in eminence." — Milton. 

7. Notice ; distinction. 8. A title of honor given to cardi- 
nals and others. 

EM'I-NENT, a. [L. eminens.] 1. Rising above others. 2. 
Exalted in rank ; high in office ; dignified. 3. High in pub- 
lic estimation ; distinguished above others. — Syn. High ; 
lofty ; elevated ; exalted ; distinguished ; remarkable ; con- 
spicuous ; prominent ; famous ; illustrious. 

EM'I-NENT DO-MaIN'. The right of eminent domain is a 
right which a government possesses of taking the property 
of its subjects for necessary public uses, at a fair valua- 
tion. — Bouvier. 

EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a high degree ; in a degree to at- 
tract observation. 

E'MIR, > n. [Ax.] A title of dignity among the Turks, de- 

E-MEER', > noting chief or lord, given to viziers, pashaws, 
&c, and also the descendants of Mohammed. — Brande. 

EM'IS-SA-RY, n. [L. emissarius.] 1. A person sent on a 
mission ; a missionary employed to preach the Gospel. — 
Foley ; [rare and erroneous.] 2. A person sent on a private 
message or business ; a secret agent ; a spy. — An emissary 
may differ from a spy. A spy, in war, is one who enters an 
enemy's camp or territories to learn the condition of the 
enemy ; an emissary may be a secret agent employed not 
only to detect the schemes of an opposing party, but to in- 
fluence their councils. 3. That which sends out or emits ; 
[not used.] 

EM'IS-SA-RY, a. Exploring ; spying. — Ben Jonson. 

E-MIS'SION (e-mish'un), n. [L. emissio.] 1. The act of send- 
ing or throwing out. 2. The act of sending abroad, or into 



circulation, notes of a state or of a private corporation. 3 
That which is sent out or issued at one time ; an impres 
sion or a number of notes issued by one act of government. 

EM-IS-Sl"TIOUS (em-is-sish'us), a. [L. emissitius.] Looking 
or narrowly examining ; prying. — Bishop Hall. 

E-MIT', v. t. [L. emitto.] 1. To send forth ; to throw or give 
out ; as, to emit rays of light. 2. To let fly ; to discharge ; 
to dart or shoot. 3. To issue forth, as an order or decree. 
4. To issue, as notes or bills of credit ; to print, and send 
into circulation. 

E-MITTED, pp. Sent forth. 

E-MIT'TING, ppr. Sending out; giving out. 

EM-MENA-GOGUE (-gog>, n. [Gr. c^rjvo^.] A medicine 
that promotes the menstrual discharge. 

EM'MET, 11. [Sax. eemet.] An ant or pismire. 

EM-MEW', v. t. To mew ; to coop up ; to confine in a coop 
or cage. — Shak. 

t EM-Mo VE', v. t. To move ; to rouse ; to excite.— Spenser. 

EM-MoVED',pp. Moved; excited. 

EM-MoV'ING, ppr. Moving ; exciting. 

EM-OL-LES'CENCE, n. [L. emollescens.] In metallurgy, 
that degree of softness in a fusible body which alters its 
shape ; the first or lowest degree of fusibility. 

E-MOL'LI-aTE, v. t. [L. emollio.] To soften; to render 
effeminate. 

E-MOL'LI-A-TED, pp. Softened ; rendered effeminate. 

E-MOL'LI-A-TING,£pr. Softening; rendering effeminate. 

E-MOL'LI-ENT, a. Softening ; making supple ; acting as 
an emollient, which see. 

E-MOL'LI-ENT, n. An external application, usually of an oily 
or mucilaginpus nature, which allays irritation, and allevi- 
ates inflammatory soreness, swelling, and pain. — Tully. 

EM-OL-Ll"TION, n. The act of softening or relaxing. 

E-MOL'U-MENT, n. [L. emolumentum.] 1. The profit arising 
from office or employment ; that which is received as a 
compensation for services. 2. Gain in general ; that which 
promotes the public or private good. — Syn. Profit ; ad- 
vantage ; lucre ; gain. 

E-MOL-U-MENT'AL, a. Producing profit; useful; profit- 
able ; advantageous. — Evelyn. 

E-MoNGST, for among, in Spenser, is a mistake. 

E-Mo'TION, n. [L. emotio.] 1. A moving of the mind ; any 
agitation of mind, or excitement of sensibility. — 2. In a 
philosophical sense, an internal motion or agitation of the 
mind, which passes away without desire ; when desire 
follows, the motion or agitation is called a passion. — Syn. 
Feeling ; agitation ; trepidation ; tremor. 

E-M5TION-AL, a. Pertaining to emotion. 

E-Mo'TlVE, a. Attended or characterized by emotion. 

t EM-PaIR', v. t. To impair. See Impair. 

I EM-PaIR', v. i. To become less ; to grow worse. — Spenser. 

EM-PaLE', v. t. [Port, empalar; Fr. empa.ler.] 1. To fence 
or fortify with stakes ; to set a line of stakes or posts for 
defense. 2. To inclose ; to surround. 3. Figuratively, to 
inclose ; to shut in ; as, "empaled with circling fire." — 
Milton. 4. To thrust a stake up the fundament, and thu3 
put to death ; to put to death by fixing on a stake. 

EM-PAL.ED' (em-pald'), pp. or a. Fenced or fortified with 
stakes ; inclosed ; shut in ; fixed on a stake. 

EM-PaLE'MENT, n. 1. A fencing, fortifying, or inclosing 
with stakes ; a putting to death by thrusting a stake into 
the body. — 2. In botany, the calyx of a plant, which sur- 
rounds the other parts of fructification.— 3. In heraldry, a 
conjunction of coats of arms, pale-wise. 

EM-PaL'ING, ppr. Fortifying with pales or stakes ; inclos- 
ing ; putting to death on a stake. 

EM-PAN'NEL, n. [Fr. panneau.] A fist of jurors ; a small 
piece of paper or parchment containing the names of the 
jurors summoned by the sheriff; now written panel. 

EM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To form a list of jurors. It is now 
written impannel, which see. 

EM-PaRK', v. t. To inclose as with a fence. — King. 

EM-PaR'LANCE. See Imparlance. 

EM-PASM', n. [Gr. ennaaau).] A powder used to prevent 
the bad scent of the body. 

EM-PAS'SION (-pash'un), v. t. To move with passion ; to 
affect strongly. — Milton. See Impassion. 

EM-PA S'SION-ATE, a. Strongly affected.— Spenser 

EM-PeACH'. See Impeach. 

EM-PET'RAL. See Empiric. 

EM-PeO'PLE (em-pee'pl), v.t. To form into a people or 
community. — Spenser. [Little used.] 

EM'PER-ESS. See Empress. 

t EM-PERTL, v. t. To endanger.— Spenser. 

t EM-PER'ISHjBD (-per-isht), a. Decayed. — Spenser. 

EM'PER-OR, n. [Fr. empereur ; Sp. emperador; It. impera- 
dore ; L. imperator.] Literally, the commander of an army. 
— In modern times, the sovereign or supreme monarch of 
an empire ; a title of dignity superior to that of king. 

t EM'PER-Y, n. Empire.— Shak. 

EM'PHA-SIS, n. [Gr. e/jiCpaoiS.] 1. In rhetoric, a particular 
stress of voice given to certain words or parts of a dis» 
course, or a distinctive utterance of words specially sig- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



EMP 



350 



EMU 



nlficant. — 2. In a wider sense, a peculiar impressiveness of 
expressicm, or weight of thought ; as, to dwell on a subject 
with great emphasis. 
EM'PHA-SIZE, v. t. To utter or pronounce with a particu- 
lar or more forcible stress of voice. 
EMPHASIZED, pp. or a. Uttered with force. 
EM'PHA-SlZ-ING, ppr. Uttering with emphasis. 
EM-PHATIC, Xa. 1. Requiring emphasis; as, the em- 
EM-PHATTG-AL, S photic word of a sentence. 2. Charac- 
terized by peculiar force or expressiveness; as, an em- 
photic disclaimer. 3. Striking to the eye. — Boyle ; [rare.] 
— Syn. Forcible ; earnest ; impressive ; energetic ; striking. 
EM-PHAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. 1. With emphasis; strongly; 
forcibly. 2. According to appearance. — Brown ; [not used.] 
EM-PHY-SE'MA, n. [Gr. encpvorjua.] In medicine, elastic and 
sonorous distention of the body or its members, from air 
accumulated in natural cavities. 
EM-PHY-SEM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to emphysema ; swell- 
ed ; bloated, but yielding easily to pressure. 
EM-PHY-TEu;TI€, a. [Gr. zyt, zv, and (pvrzvGiS.] Taken on 
hire ; that for which rent is to be paid : derived from 
emphyteusis, a kind of renting of ground under the civil 
law, resembling ground-rent. — Bouvier. 
t EM-PIeRCE' (em-pers'), v. t. To pierce into ; to penetrate. 

— Spenser. See Pierce. 
) EM-PlGHT (-pite), a. [from pigkt, to fix.] Fixed ; placed. 

— Spenser. 
EM'PlRE, n. [Fr., from L. imperium.] 1. Supreme power 
in governing ; imperial power. 2. The territory, region, 
or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an 
emperor. An empire is usually a territory of greater ex- 
tent than a kingdom. 3. Supreme control ; governing in- 
fluence; as, the empire of reason. 4. Any region, land, or 
water over which dominion is extended; as, the empire 
of the sea. — Syn. Sway; dominion; rule; reign; sov- 
ereignty ; government ; kingdom ; state. 
* EM'PIR-IC, or EM-PIR'I€, n. [Gr. z^neipiKo^.] Literally, 
one who makes experiments. A physician who enters on 
practice without a regular professional education. A 
quack ; an ignorant pretender to medical skill ; a charlatan. 
EM-PIR'IC, }a. 1. Pertaining to experiments or resting 
EM-PIR'I€-AL, 5 on experience ; as, the empirical philos- 
ophy. 2. Versed in experiments. 3. Known only by ex- 
perience; derived from experiment; used and applied 
without science. 
EM-PIR'IG-AL-LY, adv. By experiment ; according to ex- 
perience ; without science ; in the manner of quacks. 
EM-PIR'I-CISM, n. 1. Dependence of a physician on his 
experience in practice, without the aid of a regular medi- 
cal education. 2. The practice of medice without a medi- 
cal education ; quackery, 
EM-PLaCE'MENT, n. [Fr.] Place; ground. 
EM-PLaS'TER, n. [Gr. zix-rrXaarpov.] See Plaster. 
EM-PLaSTER, v. t. To cover with a plaster. — Mortimer. 
EM-PLaSTERjED, pp. Covered with plaster. 
EM-PL aS'TER-ING, ppr. Covering with plaster. 
EM-PLAS'TIC, a. [Gr. zyuikaoTiKos. See Plastic] Vis- 
cous ;_ glutinous ; adhesive ; fit to be applied as a plaster. 
EM-PLEAD', v. t. To charge with a crime; to accuse. It 

is now written implead. 
EM-PLECTION, n. [Gr. £^7rX?7/crov.] In ancient architeo 
ticre, a method of constructing walls, with wrought stones 
in front, and with rough stones in the interior. — Elmes. 
EM-PLOY', v. t. [Fr. employer.] 1. To occupy the time, at- 
tention, and labor of; to keep busy, or at work; to use. 
2. To use as an instrument or means. 3. To use as ma- 
terials in forming any thing. 4. To engage in one's service ; 
to use as an agent or substitute in transacting business. 5. 
To occupy ; to use ; to apply or devote to an object ; to 
pass in business ; as, to employ one's time. — To employ one's 
self, is to apply or devote one'3 time and attention ; to 
busy one's self. 
EM-PLOY', n. 1. That which engages the mind, or occu- 
pies the time and labor of a person ; business ; object of 
study or industry ; employment. 2. Occupation ; as art, 
mystery, trade, profession. 3. Public office ; agency ; 
service for another. 
EM-PLOY' A-BLE, a. That may be employed ; capable of 

being used ; fit or proper for use. — Beyle. 
EM-PLOY-E' (em-ploy-a'). [Fr.] One who is employed. 
EM-PLOY^D' (em-ployd'), pp. Occupied ; fixed or engaged ; 

applied in business ; used in agency. 
EM-PL OY'ER, n. One who employs ; one who uses ; one 

who engages or keeps in service. 
EM-PLOYTNG, ppr. Occupying; using ; keeping busy. 
EM-PL OY'MENT, n. 1. The act of employing or using. 2. 
That which engages the head or hands. 3. Public business 
or trust ; agency or service for another or for the public. — 
Syn. Business ; vocation ; occupation ; avocation ; engage- 
ment ; office ; trade ; profession ; post ; function. 
EM-PLUNGE'. See Plunge. 

EM-POIS'ON (-poiz'n), v. t. [Fr. empoisonner.] 1. To poison ; 
to administer poison to. 2. To taint with poison or venom ; 



to render noxious or deleterious by an admixture of poi*> 
onous substance. 3. To imbitter ; to deprive of sweet- 
ness ; as, to empoison the enjoyments of fife. 

EM-POIS'ON_ED, pp. or a. Poisoned; tainted with venom •, 
embittered. 

EM-POIS'ON-ER, n. One who poisons ; one who adminis 
ters a deleterious drug ; he or that which imbitters. 

EM-POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning; imbittering. 

EM-POIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of administering poison, or 
causing it to be taken ; the act of destroying life by a dele- 
terious drug. 

EM-PO-RET'IC, a. [Gr. zpiroptriKoi.] Used in market. 

EM-Po'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. A place of merchandise ; a town or 
city of trade ; particularly, a city or town of extensive com 
merce. — 2. In medicine, the common sensory in the brain 

EM-POV'ER-ISH. Sec Impoverish. 

EM-POWER, v. t. 1. To give legal or moral power or au 
thority to ; to confer authority, either by law, commission 
letter of attorney, natural right, or by verbal license. 2. 
To give physicai power or force. — Syn. To authorize , 
commission ; enable. 

EM-POW'ER.ED,£p. Authorized; having legal or moral right. 

EM-POWER-ING, ppr. Authorizing ; giving power. 

EM'PRESS, n. [contracted from emperess.] 1. The consort 
or spouse of an emperor. 2. A female who governs an em- 
pire ; _a female invested with imperial power or sovereignty 

EM-PRlSE', n. [Norm. ; em, en, and prise.] An undertaking , 
an enterprise. — Spenser. 

EMPTIED, pp. Poured out; exhausted of its contents. 

EMP'TI-ER, n. One who empties or exhausts. 

EMP'TI-NESS, n. 1. A state of being empty ; a state of con- 
taining nothing except air ; destitution • absence of matter. 

2. Void space ; vacuity ; vacuum. 3. Want of solidity or 
substance. 4. Unsatisfactoriness ; inability to satisfy de- 
sire ; as, the emptiness of earthly things. 5. Vacuity of 
head ; want of intellect or knowledge. — Pope. 

EMP'TION, n. [L. emptio.] The act of buying ; a purchas- 
ing. — Arbuthnot. [Not much used.] 

EMP'TY, a. [Sax. amtig, or amti,] 1. Containing nothing, 
or nothing but air. 2. Evacuated ; not filled ; as, empty 
shackles. — Shah. 3. Unfurnished. 4. Void ; devoid. 5. 
Void ; destitute of solid matter. 6. Destitute of force or 
effect. 7. Unsubstantial; unsatisfactory; not able to fill 
the mind or the desires. 8. Not supplied ; having nothing 
to carry. 9. Hungry. 10. Unfurnished with intellect or 
knowledge ; vacant of head ; ignorant. 11. Unfruitful ; 
producing nothing. 12. Wanting substance ; wanting 
solidity. 13. Destitute ; waste ; desolate. 14. Withos-t 
effect. 15. Without a cargo ; in ballast. 

EMP'TY, v. t. 1. To exhaust ; to make void or destitute , 
to deprive of the contents. 2. To pour out the contents. 

3. To waste ; to make desolate. 

EMP'TY, v. i. 1. To pour out or discharge its contents. 2. 
To become empty. 

EMP'TY-HeAD'ED (-hed'ed), a. Having few ideas. 

EMP'TY-HEaRTED, a. Destitute of feeling and attach- 
ment. — Shdk. 

EMP'TY-ING, ppr. Pouring out the contents ; making void. 

EMP'TY-ING, n. The act of making empty. Shak.— Emp- 
tyings, the lees of beer, cider, &c. ; yeast ; [Am.] 

EM-PUR'PLE, v. t. To tinge or dye of a purple color ; to 
discolor with purple. — Philips. 

EM-PURTL.ED, pp. or a. Stained with a purple color. 

EM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or dyeing of a purple color 

t EM-PuSE', n. [Gr. z^ovna.] A phantom or specter. 

EM-PUZ'ZLE. See Puzzle. 

EM-PY-E'MA, n. [Gr. zixnvrjixa.] A collection of purulent 
matter in the cavity of the pleura. 

EM-PYR'E-AL, a. [Fr. empyree.] 1. Formed of pure fire or 
light ; refined beyond aerial substance ; pertaining to the 
highest and purest region of heaven. 2. Pure; vital; do- 
phlogisticated. 

* EM-PY-RE'AN, a. Empyreal. — Akenside. 

* EM-PY-Re'AN, n. The highest heaven, where the pure 

element of fire has been supposed to subsist. 

EM-PY-REu'MA, n. [Gr.] In chemistry, burnt smell ; the 
odor of animal or vegetable substances when slightly 
burned in close vessels. 

EM-PY-REU-MAT'IG, \ a. A term denoting the taste or 

EM-PY-REU-MAT'IC-AL, 5 smell of slightly burned animal 
or vegetable substances. 

EM-PYR'I€-AL, a. Containing the combustible principle 
of coal. — Kir wan. 

EM-PY-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. zjjtmpou).] A general fire ; a confla- 
gration. — Hale. [Little used.] 

EM'RODS. See Emerods. 

E'MU, n. A large bird. This name has been hnproperl 
given to the rhea, or South American ostrich. See Emeu 

EM'U-LaTE (em'yu-late), v. t. [L. cmulor.] 1. To strive to 
equal or excel, in qualities or actions ; to imitate, with a 
view to equal or excel. 2. To be equal to ; as, " thine eye 
would emulate the diamond." — Shak. 3. To imitate ; to 
resemble ; [umtsual.] — Sstn. To rival ; vie with. 



SeeSynoj^sis, A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, Sec, short.— F1R,> ALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE. BIRD ;— MOVE, BOQK 



ENA 



351 



ENC 



* 



EM'U-LATE, a. Ambitious.— Shak. [Little used.] 

EM'U-LX-TED, pp. Rivaled; imitated. 

EM'U-La-TING, ppr. Rivaling; attempting to equal or ex- 
cel ; imitating ; resembling. 

F.M-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of attempting to equal or 
excel in qualities or actions ; desire of superiority, attend- 
ed with effort to attain to it ; generally in a good sense. 2. 
An ardor kindled by the praiseworthy examples of others, 
inciting to imitate them, or to equal or excel them. 3. 
Desire of superiority, accompanied with a desire of de- 
pressing another. — Syn. Rivalry ; competition ; contest ; 
contention ; strife. 

EMtJ-LA-TlVE, a. Inclined to errmlation ; rivaling; dis- 
posed to competition. 

EM'U-Ll-TOR, n. One who emulates ; a rival ; a com- 
petitor. 

EM'U-La-TRESS, n. A female who emulates another. 

f EM'ULE, v. t. To emulate.— Spenser. 

E-MUL6E', v. t. To milk out. [Not used.] 

E-MULG'ENT, a. [L. emulgeo.] Milking or draining out. — 
In anatomy, the emulgent or renal arteries are those which 
supply the kidneys with blood. The emulgent veins re- 
turn the blood, after the urine is secreted. 

E-MULg'ENT, n. An emulgent vessel. 

EM'U-LOUS (em'yu-lus), a. [L. amulus.] 1. Desirous or 
eager to imitate, equal, or excel another , desirous of like 
excellence with another : with of. 2. Rivaling ; engaged 
in competition. 3. Factious ; contentious. 

EM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With desire of equaling or excelling 
another. — Granville. 

E-MUL'SION, n. [Fr., from L. emulsus.] A milky substance 
produced by uniting oil and water through the interven- 
tion of soixe substance capable of combining with both. 

E-MUL'SlVE, a. 1. Softening ; milk-like. 2. Producing or 
yielding a milk-like substance. 

E-MUN€'TO-RY, n. [L. emunctorium.] In anatomy, any part 
of the body which serves to carry off excrementitious mat- 
ter ; anexcretory duct. 

EM-US-€a'TION, n. [L. emuscor.] A freeing from moss. — 
Evelyn. [Not much used.] 

SN, a prefix to many English words, chiefly borrowed from 
the French. It coincides with the Latin in, Greek sv, and 
some English words are written indifferently with en or 
in. For the ease of pronunciation, it is changed to em, 
particularly before a labial, as in employ. — En was former- 
ly a plural termination of nouns and of verbs, as in housen, 
escapen. It is retained in oxen and children. 

EN-a'BLE, v. t. [Norm, enhabler.] 1. To make able ; to sup- 
ply with power, physical or moral ; to furnish with suffi- 
cient power or ability. 2. To supply with means ; as, 
wealth enables a man to be liberal. 3. To furnish with 
legal ability or competency ; to authorize. 4. To furnish 
with competent knowledge or skill, and, in general, with 
adequate means. 

EN-I'BLED, pp. Supplied with sufficient power, physical, 
moral, or legal. 

EN-a'BLE-MENT, n. The act of enabling ; ability. 

EN-a'BLING, ppr. Giving power to ; supplying with suffi- 
cient power, ability, or means ; authorizing. 

EN-ACT, v. t. [en and act.] 1. To make, as a law ; to pass, 
as a bill into a law ; to perform the last act of a legislature 
to a bill, giving it validity as a law ; to give legislative 
sanction to a bill. 2. To decree ; to establish as the will 
of the supreme power. 3. To act ; to perform ; to effect. 
4. To represent in action. — Shak. 

t EN-ACT', n. Purpose ; determination. 

EN- ACTED, pp. Passed into a law ; sanctioned as a law, 
by legislative authority. 

EN-ACTING, ppr. 1. Passing into a law ; giving legislative 
sanction to a bill, and establishing it as a law. 2. a. Giv- 
ing legislative forms and sanction. 

EN-AGT'iVE, a. Having power to enact or establish as a 
law. — Bp. Bramhall. 

EN-A€T'MENT, n. The passing of a bill into a law ; the 
act of voting, decreeing, and giving validity to a law. — 
Goldsmith. 

EN- ACTOR, n. 1. One who enacts or passes a law ; one 
who decrees or establishes, as a law. 2. One who per- 
forms any thing. — Shak. ; [not used.] 

r EN-ACTURE, n. Purpose.— Shak. 

E-NAL'LA-GE, n. [Gr. zvaXXayn-] In syntax, a change of 
words, or a substitution of one gender, number, case, per- 
son, tense, mode, or voice of the same word for another. — 
Andrews and Stoddard. 

EN-AM'BUSH, v. t. 1. To hide in ambush. 2. To ambush. 

EN-AM'BU SHED (-am'busht), pp. Concealed in ambush, or 
with b ostile intention ; ambushed. 

EN-AM'£USH-ING, ppr. Concealing in ambush. 

EN-AM'EL, n. [en, bnd Fr. email] 1. In mineralogy, a sub- 
stance imperfectly vitrified. — In the arts, a substance of 
the nature of glass, rendered opaque by an admixture of 
oxyds of metals with a flux. 2. That which is enameled ; 
a smooth, glossy surface of various colors, resembling en- 



amel. — 3. In anatomy, the smooth, hard substance which 
covers the crown or visible part of a tooth. 

EN-AM'EL, v. t. 1. To lay enamel on a metal, as on gold, 
silver, copper, &c. 2. To paint in enamel. 3. To form a 
glossy surface like enamel. 

EN-AM'EL, v. i. To practice the art of enameling. 

EN-AM'EL-AR, a. Consisting of enamel ; resembling en- 
amel ; smooth ; glossy. 

EN-AM'ELED, pp. or a. Overlaid with enamel ; adorned 
with any thing resembling enamel ; as, enameled cards. 

EN-AM'EL-ER, n. One who enamels ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to lay on enamels, or inlay colors. 

EN-AM'EL-ING, ppr. Laying on enamel. 

EN-AM'EL-ING, n. The act or art of laying on enamels. 

EN-AM'OR, v. l. [Fr. amour.] To inflame with love ; to 
charm ; to captivate. 

EN-AMO-RI'DO, 7i. One deeply in love.— Herbert. 

EN-AM'ORED, pp. or a. Inflamed with iove ; charmed ; 
delighted. 

EN-AM'OR-ING, ppr. Inflaming with love ; charming ; 
captivating. 

EN-AN-TI-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. evavnos and naOos.] 1. An 
opposite passion or affection. — Everest. 2. The same as 
allopathy. 

EN-aRMED' (en-armd 7 ), a. In heraldry, having arms, that 
is, horns, hoofs, &c, of a different color from that of the 
body. 

EN-AR-Ra'TION, n. [L. enarro.] Recital ; relation ; ac- 
count; exposition. [Little used.] 

EN-AR-THRo'SIS, 7i. [Gr. evapBpwcnS.] In anatomy, a ball 
and socket joint ; that species of articulation which con- 
sists in the insertion of the round end of a bone in the cup- 
like cavity of another, forming a joint movable in every 
direction. 

E-NA-Ta'TION, n. [L. enato.] A swimming out ; escape by 
swimming. 

E-NaTE', a. [L. enatus.] Growing out. — Smith. 

f E-NAUN'TER, adv. Lest that.— Spenser. 

E-NAV'I-GaTE, v. t. [L. enavigo.] To sail out or over. 

E-NAV'I-GI-TED, pp. Sailed over. 

E-NAV'1-Ga-TING, ppr. Sailing over. 

EN-€agE', v. t. To shut up or confine in a cage ; to coop. 
— Shak. 

EN-CagED' (en-kajd 7 ), pp. Shut up or confined in a cage 

EN-CaG'ING, ppr. Cooping ; confining in a cage. 

EN-CAMP', v. i. 1. To pitch tents or form huts, as an army , 
to halt on a march, spread tents, and remain for a night 
or for a longer time, as an army or company. 2. To pitch 
tents for the purpose of a siege ; to besiege. 

EN-CAMP', v. t. To form. into a camp ; to place a marching 
army or company in a temporary habitation or quarters. 

EN-CAMPED' (en-kampf), pp. Settled in tents or huts for 
lodging or temporary habitation. 

EN-CAMP'ING, ppr. Pitching tents or forming huts, for a 
temporary lodging or rest. 

EN-CAMP'MENT, n. 1. The act of pitching tents or form- 
ing huts, as an army or traveling company, for temporary 
lodging or rest. 2. The place where an army or company 
is encamped ; a camp. 

EN-GANK'ER, v. t. To corrode ; to canker.— Shelton. 

EN-CANK'ERED (-kank'erd), pp. Corroded. 

EN-GANKER-ING, ppr. Corroding. 

EN-€aSE', v. t. To inclose or confine in a case or cover. 

EN-CASH'MENT, n. The payment in cash of a note, draft, 
&c. [Among English bankers.] 

EN-CAUSTIC, a. [Gr. ev and KavariKO?.] Pertaining to the 
art of painting in heated or burned wax, by which, among 
the ancients, the colors were rendered permanent in all 
their original splendor. It differs from enameling. — P. Cyc. 

EN-€AUS'TIC, n. The method of painting in heated or 
burned wax. 

EN-GIVE', v. t. To hide in a cave or recess. — Shak. 

EN-CaVED' (en-kavd'), pp. Hid in a cave. 

EN-CaV'ING, ppr. Hiding in a cave. 

EN-CEINTE' (ang-santf), n. [Fr.] In fortification, inci- 
sure ; the wall or rampart which surrounds a place. 

EN-CEINTE (ang-santf), a. In laic, pregnant ; with child. 

EN-CE'NI-A, n. pi. "[Gr. zvyxaivia.] Festivals anciently kept 
on the days on which cities were built, or churches con- 
secrated ; and, in later times, ceremonies renewed at cer- 
tain periods, as at Oxford, at the celebrations of founders 
and benefactors.— Oldisworth. 

EN-CE-PHAL'IC, a. Belonging to the head or brain. 

EN-CEPH'A-LON, n. [Gr. sv and ia<pa\r}.] The cerebrum, 
and sometimes the whole contents of the cranium. 

EN-CHIFE', v. t. To chafe or fret ; to provoke ; to enrage 
to irritate. See Chafe. 

EN-CHaFED' (en-chaff), pp. Chafed ; irritated , enraged 

EN-CHaF'ING, ppr. Chafing; fretting; enraging. 

EN-CHUN', v. t. [Fr. enchainer.] 1. To fastenwith a chain ; 
to bind or hold in chains ; to hold in bondage. 2. To hold 
fast; to restrain ; to confine ; as, to enchain the attention. 
3. To link together ; to connect. 



D6VP BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € asK; G as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this. \, Obsolete. 



ENC 



352 



ENC 



KN-CHIIN.ED' (en-chand / ), pp. Fastened with a chain ; 
held in bondage ; held fast ; restrained ; confined. 

EN-CHaIN'ING, ppr. Making fast with a chain ; binding ; 
holding in chains ; confining. 

EN-CHIIN'MENT, n. The act of enchaining, or state of 
being enchained. — Rich. Diet. 

EN-CHaNT, v. t. [Fr. enchanter.) 1. To practice sorcery 
or witchcraft on any thing ; to give efficacy to any thing 
by songs of sorcery, or fascination. 2. To subdue by 
charms or spells. 3. To delight in the highest degree. — 
Syn. To charm ; captivate ; fascinate ; ravish ; enrapture ; 
bewitch. 

EN-CHINT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Affected by sorcery ; fascina- 
ted ; subdued by charms ; delighted beyond measure. 2. 
Inhabited or possessed by elves, witches, or other imagi- 
nary mischievous spirits. 

EN-CHANTER, n. 1. One who enchants ; a sorcerer or 
magician ; one who has spirits or demons at his com- 
mand ; one who practices enchantment. 2. One who 
charms or delights. — Enchanter's nightshade, an herb, cir- 
ccea lutetiana, found in damp, shady places in northern 
parts of the world. 

EN-CHANT'lNG, ppr. 1. Affecting with sorcery, charms, 
or spells. 2. Delighting highly ; ravishing with delight ; 
charming. 3. a. Charming ; delighting ; ravishing. 

EN-CHANTTNG-LY, adv. With the power of enchant- 
ment ; in a manner to delight or charm. 

EN-CHANT'MENT, n. 1. The act of producing certain 
wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or 
the agency of certain supposed spirits : the use of magic 
arts, spells, or charms. 2. Irresistible influence ; over- 
powering influence of delight. — Syn. Incantation ; necro- 
mancy ; charm ; magic ; fascination ; spell ; sorcery ; 
witchery ; witchcraft. 

EN-CHANT'RESS, n. 1. A sorceress ; a woman who pre- 
tends to effect wonderful things by the aid of demons ; 
one who pretends to practice magic. 2. A woman whose 
beauty or excellences give irresistible influence. 

fr EN-CHARgE', v. t. To give in charge or trust. 

EN-CHARGED', pp. Intrusted with ; given in charge to. 

EN-CHaRgTNG, ppr. Intrusting with ; giving in charge to. 

EN-CHaSE', v. t. [Fr. enchasser.] 1. To infix or inclose in 
another body so as to be held fast, but not concealed. — 2. 
Technically, to adorn by embossed work ; to enrich or 
beautify any work in metal, by some design. 3. To adorn 
by being fixed on it ; as, enchased with gems. 4. To mark 
by incision. 5. To delineate. 

EN-CHIS-ED' (en-chasf), pp. Inclosed as in a frame or in 
another body ; adorned with embossed work. 

EN-CHaS'ING, ppr. Inclosing in another body; adorning 
with embossed work. 

EN-CHaS'ING, n. The same with chasing; a species of 
embossing. 

t EN-CHeAS'ON, n. [Old Fr.] Cause ; occasion. 

f EN-CHI-RID'I-ON, n. [Gr. ev and X «P-] A manual; a 
book to be carried in the hand. 

EN-CHIS'EL (-chiz'el), v. t. To cut with a chisel. 

EN-CHIS'ELjED (-chiz'eld), pp. Cut with a chisel. 

EN-CHIS'EL-ING, ppr. Cutting with a chisel. 

EN-CHo'RI-AL, a. [eyxupiov, a country.] Popular or com- 
mon ; applied particularly to the most abridged mode of 
writing, formed out of the Egyptian hieroglyphics, called 
also demotic, and used by the people. 

f EN-CIN'DERSD, a. Burned to cinders.— Cockeram. 

EN-CiR'CLE (en-surTd), v. t. 1. To inclose or surround 
with a circle or ring, or with any thing in a circular form ; 
as, to encircle with a wall. 2. To go round and return to 
the point from which motion commenced ; as, to encircle 
the city. 3. To come around in a circle or crowd ; as, to 
encircle a person about. 4. To embrace. — Syn. To en- 
compass ; inclose ; surround ; environ. 

EN-CiR'CL-ED, pp. Surrounded with a circle ; encompass- 
ed; environed; embraced. 

EN-CiR'€LET, n. A circle ; a ring. — Sidney. 

EN-CiR'€LING, ppr. or a. Surrounding with a circle or 
ring ; encompassing ; embracing. 

EN-CLASP, v. t. To clasp ; to embrace. 

EN-CLIT'IC, \a. [Gr. ey/cAm/co?.] 1. Leaning ; inclin- 

EN-CLIT'IC-AL, 5 ing, or inclined. — In grammar, an en- 
clitic particle or word is one which is so closely united to 
another as to seem to be a part of it ; as que, ne, and ve, in 
virumque, nonne, aliusve. 2. Throwing back the accent 
upon the foregoing syllable. 

EN-€LIT'I€, n. 1. A word which is joined to the end of 
another ; as que, in virumque. 2. A particle or word that 
throws the accent or emphasis back upon the former 
syllable. 

EN-GLITTC-AL-LY, adv. In an enclitic manner ; by throw- 
ing the accent back. — Walker. 

EN-CLoSE'. See Inclose. 

EN-€LOUD'ED, a. Covered with clouds.— Spenser. 

EN-€oACH', v. t. To carry in a coach. — Davies. 

EN-CoACHED', pp. Conveyed in a coach. 



EN-C5ACHTNG. ppr. Carried in a coach. 

EN-COF'FIN, v. t. To put in a coffin. 

EN-COF'FIN JED, pp. Inclosed in a coffin.— Spenser. 

EN-€6M'BER. See Encumbeb. 

t EN-€6M'BER-MENT, n. Molestation.— Spenser. 

EN-€o'MI-AST, n. [Gr. syKtofuaoTns.) One who praises 
another ; a panegyrist ; one who utters or writes com- 
mendations. 

p:N-€0-MI-AST'IC, \a. Bestowing praise; praising. 

EN-CO-MI-AST'IC-AL, > commending ; laudatory. 

EN-CO-MI-ASTTC, n. A panegyric. 

EN-CO-MI-AST'I€-AL-LY, adv. In an encomiastic manner 

t EN-Co'MI-ON, n. Panegyric— Fotherby. 

EN-€o'MI-UM, n. ; pi. Encomiums. [L.] A high commend 
ation. — Syn. Panegyric ; applause ; eulogium ; eulogy 
praise. 

EN-C6MTASS (-kum'pas), v. t. 1. To go around in a cir 
cle ; to bring within a given circuit or compass , as, to en 
compass the globe. 2. To shut in and confine ; as, to en 
compass a city with armies ; encompass with difficulties.— 
Syn. To encircle ; inclose ; surround ; include ; environ 
invest ; hem in ; shut up. 

EN-C6MTASS.ED (-kum'past), pp. Encircled; surround 
ed ; inclosed. 

EN-C6MTASS-ING. ppr. Encircling; surrounding. 

EN-C6MTASS-MENT, n. 1. A surrounding. 2. A going 
round ; circumlocution in speaking. — Shah. 

* EN-€6RE' (ang-kore'). [Fr.] Again ; once more ; a word 
used by the auditors and spectators of plays and other 
sports when they call for a repetition of a particular part. 

* EN-CdRE' (ang-kore'), v. t. To call for a repetition of a 

particular part of an entertainment. 

EN-C5R.ED' (ang-kord'), pp. Called upon to repeat a per- 
formance, as a song, &c. 

EN-CoR'ING (ang-koi-'ing), ppr. Callingupon for a repetition 

EN-€OUNT'ER, n. [Fr. encontre.] 1. A meeting ; particular 
ly, a sudden or accidental meeting of two or more persons 
2. A meeting in contest; a single combat, on a sudden 
meeting of parties ; sometimes, less properly, a duel. 3. 
A battle ; but more generally, a fight between a small num- 
ber of men. 4. Eager and warm conversation, either in 
love or anger. 5. A sudden or unexpected address or ac- 
costing. 6. Occasion ; casual incident ; [unusual.) — Syn. 
Conflict ; fight ; skirmish ; combat ; assault ; rencounter ; 
attack ; onset. 

EN-€OUNT'ER, v. t. [Sp., Port, encontrar ; Fr. rencontrer.) 
1. To meet face to face ; particularly, to meet suddenly or 
unexpectedly. 2. To meet in opposition, or in a hostile 
manner ; to rush against in conflict ; to engage with in 
battle. 3. To meet and strive to remove or surmount ; 
as, to encounter difficulties. 4. To meet and oppose ; to 
resist; to attack and attempt to confute. 5. To meet, aa 
an obstacle. 6. To oppose ; to oppugn. 7. To meet in 
mutual kindness ; [little v^^- "• 

EN-€OUNT'ER, v. i. 1. To me'et face to face ; tu meet un 
expectedly. 2. To rush together in combat ; to fight ; to 
conflict. 3. To meet in opposition or debate. 

EN-€OUNT'ER_ED, pp. Met face to iace ; met in opposition 
or hostility ; opposed. 

EN-COTTNT'ER-ER, n. One who encounters ; an oppo- 
nent ; an antagonist. — Atterbury. 

EN-COUNTER-ING, ppr. Meeting ; meeting in opposition, 
or in battle ; opposing ; resisting. 

EN-C6URAGE (en-kuriraje), v. t. [Fr. encourager.) To give 
courage to ; to give or increase confidence of success ; to 
inspire with courage, spirit, or strength of mind. — Syn. 
To embolden ; inspirit ; animate ; incite ; cheer ; urge ; 
impel ; stimulate ; instigate ; countenance ; comfort ; 
sanction ; strengthen ; promote ; advance ; forward. 

EN-€6UPv/Ag.ED (en-kur'rajd), pp. or a. Emboldened ; in- 
spirited ; animated ; incited, 

EN-C6UR'AgE-MENT, n. 1. The act of giving courage, or 
confidence of success ; incitement to action or to prac- 
tice ; incentive. 2. That which serves to incite, support, 
promote, or advance, as favor, countenance, rewards, profit. 

EN-CoUR'A-GER, n. One who encourages, incites, or stim- 
ulates to action ; one who supplies incitements, either by 
counsel, reward, or means of execution. 

EN-C6UR'A-GlNG (en-kurVaj-ing), ppr. 1. Inspiring with 
hope and confidence ; exciting courage. 2. a. Furnishing 
ground to hope for success. 

EN-€6UR'A-GING-LY, adv. In a manner to give courage, 
or hope of success. 

EN-€Ra'DLE, v. t. To lay in a cradle.— Spenser. 

EN-CRIM'SON, v. t. To cover with a crimson color. 

EN-CRIMSONED (en-krim'znd), pp. or a. Covered with a 
crimson color. 

EN-€Rl'NAL, ] 

EN-CRi'NIC, I a. Relating to encrinites ; containing en 

EN-€RIN'IT-AL, f crinites. 

EN-CRI-NJTTC, J 

EN'€RI-NlTE, n. [Gr. tv and Kpivov.) A fossil of the asteria 
or star-fish family. It consists of numerous jointed arms 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, t, I, &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE. BQOK, 



END 



353 



END 



radiating from around a center in which the mouth is sit- 
uated, and is supported on a jointed stem. — Dana. 

EN-GRISPUD'Cen-krispf), a. [Sp. encrespar.] Curled; form- 
ed in curls. — Skelton. 

EN-GRoACH', v. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To enter on the rights 
and possessions of another ; to take possession of what 
belongs to another, by gradual advances into. 2. To creep 
on gradually, without right. 3. To pass the proper bounds, 
and enter on another's rights. — Syn. Intrude ; trench upon ; 
infringe ; invade ; trespass. 

EN-CRoACH'ER, n. 1. One who enters on and takes pos- 
session of what is not his own, by gradual steps. 2. One 
who makes gradual advances beyond his rights. 

EN-GR5ACHTNG, ppr. Entering oil and taking possession 
of what belongs to another. 

EN-GRoACH'ING, a. Tending or apt to encroach. 

EN-CR5ACHTNG-LY, adv. By way of encroachment. 

EN-CRoACH'MENT, n. 1. The entering gradually on the 
rights or possessions of another, and taking possession ; 
unlawful intrusion ; advance into the territories or juris- 
diction of another, by silent means, or without right. 2. 
That which is taken by encroaching on another. — 3. In 
law, if a tenant owes two shillings rent-service to the lord, 
and the lord takes three, it is an encroachment. 

EN-GRUST, v. t. To cover with a crust. 

EN-CUM'BER, v. t. [Fr. encombrer. See Incumber.] 1. To 
impede motion with a load, burden, or any thing inconven- 
ient to the limbs ; to render motion or operation difficult 
or laborious. — 2. In a wider sense, to impede action of any 
kind by a load or burden ; as, to encumber trade, to encum- 
ber the mind with cares. 3. To load with debts. — Syn. 
To load; clog; oppress; overload; embarrass; perplex; 
hinder. 

EN-GUM'BERED, pp. or a. Loaded ; impeded in motion 
or operation, by a burden or difficulties ; loaded with debts. 

EN-GUM'BER-ING,£pr. Loading; clogging; rendering mo- 
tion or operation difficult ; loading with debts. 

EN-GUM'BRANCE, n. 1 Any thing that impedes action, 
or renders it difficult and laborious. 2. Useless, addition 
or load. 3. A legal claim on an estate, for the discharge 
of which the estate is liable.— Syn. Load; burden ; clog ; 
impediment ; check ; hinderance. 

EN-CUM'BRANC-ER, n. One who has an encumbrance or 
a legal claim on an estate. — Kent. 

EN-CYG'LIG-AL, a. [Gr. sykvkXlko?.] Circular; sent to 
many persons or places ; intended for many, or for a 
whole order of men ; as, an encyclical letter ; [used chiefly 
in church affairs.] 

EK CY-GLO-Pe'DI-A, \n. [Gr. ev, kvk'Xos, and -xaioeia.] 

EN-CY-GLO-P^E'DI-A, 5 The circle of sciences; a gen- 
eral system of instruction or knowledge. A collection of 
the principal facts, principles, and discoveries in all branch- 
es of science and the arts, digested under proper titles, 
andarranged in alphabetical order. 

EN-CY-GLO-PE'DI-AN, a. Embracing- the whole circle of 
learning. 

EN-CY-GLO-PEDIG-AL, a. Pertaining to an encyclopedia. 
— Stewart. 

EN-CY-GLO-Pe'DIST, a. The compiler of an encyclopedia, 
or one who assists in such compilation. 

EN-CYSTED, a. Inclosed in a bag, bladder, or vesicle. 

END, 7i. [Sax. end, ende, or oznde ; G. ende.] 1. The ex- 
treme point of a line, or of any thing that has more length 
than breadth. 2. The extremity or last part, in general ; 
the close or conclusion ; [applied to- time.] 3. The conclu- 
sion or cessation of an action. 4. The close or conclu- 
sion ; as, the end of a chapter. 5. Ultimate state or con- 
dition ; final doom. 6. The point beyond which no pro- 
gression can be made. 7. Final determination; conclu- 
sion of debate or deliberation. 8, Close of life ; death ; 
decease. 9. Cessation ; period ; close of a particular 
state of things. 10. Limit; termination. 11. Destruction. 
12. Cause of* death ; a destroyer. 13. Consequence ; is- 
sue ; result ; conclusive event ; conclusion. 14. A frag- 
ment, or broken piece ; as, " old odds and ends."— Shah. 

15. The ultimate point or thing at which one aims or di- 
rects his views ; purpose intended ; scope ; aim ; drift. — 

16. An end, for on end, upright ; erect ; as, his hair stands 
an end. — 17. The ends of the earth, in Scripture, are the re- 
motest parts of the earth. 

END, v. t. 1. To bring to an end or termination. 2. To de- 
stroy ; to put to death. — Syn. To finish ; close ; conclude ; 
terminate. 

END, v. i. 1. To come to the ultimate point ; to be finished. 
2. To terminate ; to close ; to conclude. 3. To cease ; to 
come to a close. 

f END-ALL, n. Final close.— Shak. 

EN-DAM' AGE, v. t. To bring loss or damage to ; to harm ; 
to injure ; to mischief ; to prejudice. 

EH-!) AW AGED, pp. Harmed ; injured. 

EN-DAM'AGE-MENT, n. Damage ; loss ; injury.— Shak. 

EN-DAM' A-GlNG, ppr. Harming; injuring. 

EN-DaN'gER, v. t. 1. To put in hazard ; to bring into dan- 
DC VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;—AN"GER Vi"CIOUS.— € as 



ger or peril ; to expose to loss or injury. 2. To incur the 
hazard of. — Bacon. 

EN-DaN'GERED, pp. Exposed to loss or injury. 

EN-DaN'gER-ING, ppr. Putting in hazard; exposing to 
loss or injury. 

EN-DaN'GER-ING, n. Injury; damage.— Milton. 

EN-DaN'GER-MENT, n. Hazard ; danger.— Spenser. 

EN-DeAR', v. t. 1. To make dear ; to make more beloved 
2. To raise the price ; [not in use.] 

EN-De ARED' (en-deerd'),pp. or a. Rendered dear, beloved, 
or more beloved. 

EN-De AR'ED-NESS, n. State of being endeared. 

EN-DeAR'ING, ppr. or a. Making dear or more beloved. 

EN-DeAR'MENT, n. 1. The cause of love ; that which ex- 
cites or increases affection ; particularhj, that which ex- 
cites tenderness of affection. 2. The state of being be- 
loved ; tender affection. 

EN-DeAV'OR (en-dev'ur), n. [Norm, devoyer.] An exertion 
of physical strength, or the intellectual powers, toward the 
attainment of an object. — Syn. Effort ; attempt ; exertion ; 
essay ; end ; object. 

EN-De AV'OR (en-dev'ur), v. i. 1. To exert physical strength 
or intellectual power for the accomplishment of an ob- 
ject. 2. v. t. To make an attempt to gain ; to try to effect. 
— Syn. To try ; attempt ; strive ; struggle ; labor ; essay ; 
aim. 

EN-DeAV'ORED, pp. Essayed; attempted. 

EN-DeAV'OR-ER, n. One who makes an effort or attempt. 

EN-DeAV'OR-ING, ppr. Making an effort or efforts ; striv- 
ing ; essaying ; attempting. 

EN-DEGA-GON, n. [Gr. ev, Sena, and yuvia.] A plane fig- 
ure of eleven sides and angles. — Bailey. 

END'ED, pp. Brought to an end ; terminated. 

EN-DElG'TIG, a. [Gr. evhiKvvni, to show.] Showing ; ex- 
hibiting.— Enfield. 

EN-DEM'IG. ^ a. [Gr. evcrnmos.] Peculiar to a people or 

EN-DEM'IG-AL, > nation. An endemic disease is one to 

EN-DI'MI-AL. S which tn« inhabitants of a particular 
country are pecuuarly subject, and which seems, there- 
fore, to arise from local cause. 

EN-DEM'IG, n. A disease of an endemic nature. 

EN-DEM'IG-AL-LY, adv. In an endemic manner. 

EN-DEN'IZE, v. t. To make free ; to naturalize ; to admit 
to the privileges of a denizen. [Little used.] 

EN-DEN'1-ZEN, v. t. To naturalize.— Ben Jonson. 

END'ER, n. One who ends or finishes. 

END'MoST, a. Furthest ; remotest. 

EN-DlCT' ? 

EN-DICT'MENT. J See Indict ' Indictment. 

END'ING, ppr. Terminating ; closing ; concluding. 

ENDING, n. 1. Termination ; conclusion. — 2. In grammar;. 
the terminating syllable or letter of a word. 

END'I-RONS (-i-urnz), n.pl. Irons on each side of the tiro 
-See Andirons. 

EN-DiTE'. See Indite. 

EN'DiVE, n. [Fr. endive.] A plant, a species of the 
cicfioi-ium, or succory ; used as a salad. 

END'LESS, a. 1. Without end; having no end or conclu- 
sion ; [applied to length, and to duration.]— -2. In a less 
strict sense, perpetually recurring ; seemingly without end ; 
as, endless contentions. — The endless screw consists of a 
screw combined with a wheel and axle so that the threads 
of the screw work into the teeth fixed on the periphery o! 
the wheel. Brande. — Syn. Eternal; everlasting; interm- 
inable ; infinite ; unlimited ; incessant ; perpetual ; uniu 
terrupted ; continual. 

END'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without end or teroiination. 2. In- 
cessantly ; perpetually ; continually. 

END'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Extension without end or limit 
2. Perpetuity; endless duration. 

ENDLONG, adv. In a line; with the end forward.— Dry- 
den. [Liltle used.] 

ENDO-GaRP, n. [Gr. evSov and KaPnos.] In botany, the 
inner coat or shell of a fruit. — Lindley. 

EN'DO-G-EN, n. An endogenous plant. 

EN-DOQ'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. evdov and yevvao).] An epithet 
given to that class of plants whose stems increase by inter- 
nal growth, without distinction of pith, wood, and bark 
as the palm, sugar-cane, &c. 

EN-DOG'TRINE, v. t. To teach ; to indoctrinate. 

EN-DO-PL EtTRA, n. [Gr. evdov and trXevpa.] In botany, a 
membrane for the seed of a plant, the innermost when 
there are three. 

EN-DOPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. evtov, within, and (PvXXov, leaf.j 
Within a leaf or sheath. r ♦ 

EN'DO-RHl-ZiE, n.pl. [Gr. evSov and p&a.] In botany, platits 
whose radicle elongates downward after rupturing the it: 
tegument_of the base. 

EN'DO-RHi-ZOUS, \a. Pertaining to the endorhiza?.— jAnd 

EN'DO-RHl-ZAL, < ley. 

EN-DORSE', 

EN-DORSE'MENT. 



See Indorse, Indorsement. 



EN'DOS-MoSE, n. [Gr. evSov and wo-juoj, impulsion.] The 
K- g as J ; SasZ; cH as SH • TH as in this. tObsole:.c 



£NE 



354 



ENF 



transmission of gaseous matter or vapors through mem- 
branes or porous substances inward. — Brande. 

KN'DOS-TOME, n. [Gr. tv&ov and arofia.) The passage 
through the inner integument of a seed, immediately be- 
low the part called the foramen. 

EN-DOSS', v. t. [Fr. endosser.] To engrave or carve. — 
Spenser. 

EN-DOW, v. t. [Norm, endouer.] 1. To furnish with a por- 
tion of goods or estate, called dower ; to settle a dower 
on. 2. To settle on, as a permanent provision ; to furnish 
with a permanent fund of property. 3. To enrich or fur- 
nish with any gift, quality, or faculty ; to indue ; to invest. 

EN-DOWED' (en-dowdO, pp. or a. Furnished with a por- 
tion of estate ; having dower settled on ; supplied with a 
permanent fund ; indued. 

EN-DOWER, v. t. To endow ; to enrich with a portion. — 
Waterhouse. 

EN-DOWER, n. One who enriches with a portion.— Sher- 
wood. 

EN-D OWING, ppr. Settling a dower on ; furnishing with 
a permanent fund ; induing. 

EN-DOWMENT, n. 1. The act of settling a dower on a 
woman, or of settling a fund for the support of a parson or 
vicar, or of a professor, &c. 2. That which is bestowed 
or settled on ; property, fund, or revenue permanently 
appropriated to any object. 3. That which is given or be- 
stowed, on the person or mind by the Creator ; gift of na- 
ture ; any quality or faculty bestowed by the Creator. 

EN-DRUD&E' (en-druj'), v. t. To make a drudge or slave. 
— Hall. [Not used.) 

EN-DuE', v. t. [Fr. enduire ; L. induo.) To indue. 

EN-DOE'MENT. See Induement. 

EN-DuR'A-BLE, a. That can be borne or suffered. 

EN-DuR'A-BLY, adv. In an enduring manner. 

EN-DuR'ANCE, n. 1. Continuance; a state of lasting or 
duration ; lastingness ; [nearly obsolete.] 2. A bearing or 
suffering ; a continuing under pain or distress without re- 
sistance, or without sinking or yielding to the pressure. 
3. Delay ; a waiting for ; [not used.) — Syn. Suffering ; pa- 
tience; fortitude; resignation. 

EN-DuRE', v. i. [Fr. endurer.) 1. To continue in the same 
state without perishing. 2. To suffer without resistance, 
or without yielding. — Syn. To last ; remain ; continue ; 
abide ; bear ; brook ; submit. 

EN-DuRE', v. t. 1. To support without breaking or yielding 
to force or pressure. 2. To bear with patience ; to bear 
without opposition or sinking under the pressure. 3. To 
undergo ; to sustain ; [rare.} 4. To continue in ; [not 
used.]— Syn. To bear ; sustain ; abide ; support ; suffer ; 
tolerate. 

EN-DuRi?D' (en-duid'), pp. Bome ; suffered; sustained. 

EN-DuR'ER, n. One who bears, suffers, or sustains. 2. 
He or that which continues long. 

EN-DuR'ING, ppr. 1. Lasting ; continuing without perish- 
ing ; bearing ; sustaining ; supporting with patience, or 
without opposition or yielding. 2. a. Lasting long ; per- 
manent. 

EN-DuR'ING, n. Act of ending; a sustaining. 

END' WISE; adv. On the end ; erectly ; in "an upright po- 
sition. 2. With the end forward. 

I EN^E-CITE, v. t. [L. eneco.) To kill.— Harvey. 

E-Ne'ID, n. [L. /Eneis.) A heroic poem, written by Virgil. 

E-NE'MA, n. [Gr.] An injection, usually liquid, though 
sometimes gaseous. 

EN'E-MY, n. [Fr. ennemi.) 1. One who is hostile to anoth- 
er. A private enemy is one who hates another and wishes 
him injury. A public enemy or foe is one who belongs to 
a nation or party at war with another. 2. One who hates 
or dislikes. — 3. In theology, and by way of eminence, the 
enemy is the devil ; the archfiend. — 4. In military affairs, 
the opposing army or naval force in war is called the 
enemy. — Syn. Foe ; adversary ; opponent ; antagonist. 

EN-ER-GETIC, \a. [Gr. evepynTiKOs.] 1. Operating with 

EN-ER-GETTG-AL, 5 force, vigor, and effect. 2. Moving ; 
working ; active ; operative ; as, we must conceive of 
God as eternally energetic. — Syn. Forcible ; powerful ; ef- 
ficacious ; potent ; vigorous ; effective. 

EN-ER-GET'I€-AL-LY, adv. With force and vigor ; with 
energy and effect. 

t EN-ER'Gl€, \ a. Having energy or great power in ef- 

\ EN-ER'6I€-AL, 5 feet.— Collins. 

EN'ER-GlZE, v. i. To act with force ; to operate with vig- 
or ; to act in producing an effect. 

EN'ER-GlZE, v. t. To give strength or force to ; to give ac- 
tive vigor to. 

EN'ER-GiZjED, pp. Invigorated. 

EN'ER-GlZ-ER, n. He or that which gives energy ; he or 
that which acts m producing an effect. 

EN'ER-GlZ-ING, ppr. Giving energy, force, or vigor ; act- 
ing with force. 

EN-ER'GU-MEN, n. [Gr. evepyovfisvos, one wrought upon.] 
A person under possession of the devil ; a demoniac. 

EN1CR-GY, n. [Gr. evepytia.) 1. Internal or inherent pow- 



er ; the power of operating, whether exerted or not. 
Power exerted; vigorous operation. 3. Effectual opera 
lion ; strength or force producing the effect. 4. Strength 
of expression ; force of utterance. — Syn. Force ; power , 
vigor ; strength ; spirit ; life ; resolution ; efficiency ; po 
tency. 

E-NERV'ATE, a. Weakened ; weak ; without strength oi 
force. 

E-NERV'aTE, v. t. [L. enervo.) 1. To deprive of strength ; 
to render feeble. 2. To cut the nerves. — Syn. To weak 
en ; enfeeble ; unnerve ; debilitate. 

E-NERV'I-TED, pp. or a. Weakened ; enfeebled ; emascu- 
lated. 

E-NERV'a-TING, ppr. or a. Depriving of strength, force, oi 
vigor ; weakening ; enfeebling. 

EN-ER-Vl'TION, n. 1. The act of weakening, or reducing 
strength. 2. The state of being weakened ; effeminacy. 

E-NERVE' (e-nerv), v. t. To weaken the same as enervate. 

E-NERVJSD'. See Enervated. 

E-NERV'ING. See Enervating. 

EN FA-Mi'LLE' (ang-f a-meer). In a family state ; domestic- 
ally,— Siw/fc. 

EN-FAM'ISH, v. t. To famish. See Famish. 

EN-FEE'BLE, v. t. To deprive of strength ; to reduce the 
strength or force of. — Syn. To weaken ; debilitate ; enerv- 
ate. 

EN-FEE'BLM), pp. or a. Weakened ; deprived of strength 
or vigor. 

EN-FEE'BLE-MENT, n. The act of weakening ; enervation. 
— Spectator. 

EN-FEE'BLING, ppr. or a. Weakening ; debilitating ; enerv- 
ating. 

EN-FEL'ONJ£D, a. Fierce ; cruel— Spenser. 

* EN-FeOFF' (en-fef), v. t. [Law L. feoffo.) 1. To give one 

a feud ; hence, to invest with a fee ; to give to another 
any corporeal hereditament, in fee simple or fee tail, by 
livery of seizin. 2. To surrender or give up ; [not used.) 

* EN-FeOFF£D' (en-fefV), pp. Invested with the fee of any 

corporeal hereditament. 

* EN-FeOFF'ING (en-fef 'fing), ppr. Giving to one the fee 

simple of any corporeal hereditament. 

* EN-F£OFF'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving the fee simple 
of an estate. 2. The instrument or deed by which one is 
invested with the fee of an estate. 

EN-FET'TER, v. t. To fetter ; to bind in fetters.— Shalt 

EN-FET'TERSD, pp. Bound with fetters. 

EN-FET'TER-ING, ppr. Binding with fetters. 

EN-Fe'VER, v. t. To excite fever in.-- Seward. 

t EN-FIeRCE', v. t. To make fierce.— Spenser. 

EN-FI-LaDE', n. [Fr.] Aline or straight passage ; or the sit- 
uation of a place which may be seen or scoured with shot 
all the length of a line, or in the direction of a line. 

EN-FI-LaDE', v. t. To pierce, scour, or rake with shot, in 
the direction of a line, or through the whole length of a 
line. 

EN-FI-LaD'ED, pp. or a. Pierced or raked in a line. 

EN-FI-LIDTNG, ppr. Piercing or sweeping in a line. 

t EN FlRE', v. t. To inflame ; to set on fire. — Spenser. 

EN-FLESH', v. t. To harden ; to establish in any practice. 
— Florio. 

EN-FoRCE', v. t. [Fr. enforcir.] 1. To give strength to ; to 
strengthen ; to invigorate. 2. To make or gain by force ; to 
force ; as, to enforce obedience. 3. To put in act by vio- 
lence ; to drive. — Shak. 4. To instigate ; to urge on : to ani- 
mate. 5. To urge with energy ; to give force to ; to impress 
on the mind ; as, to enforce an argument. 6. To compel ; to 
constrain ; to force. 7. To put in execution ; to cause to 
take effect ; as, to enforce the laws. 8. To press with t 
charge. 9. To prove ; to evince. 

t EN-FoRCE', v. i. To attempt by force. 

t EN-FoRCE', n. Force ; strength ; power. — Milton. 

EN-FoRCE'A-BLE, a. That may be enforced. 

EN-FoRCED' (en-forsf), pp. Strengthened ; gained by 
force ; driven ; compelled ; urged ; carried into effect. 

EN-FoRCED-LY, adv. By violence ; not by choice.— Shalt. 

EN-FoRCE'MENT, n. 1. The act of enforcing ; compul- 
sion ; force applied. 2. That which gives force, energy, 
or effect ; sanction. 3. Motive of conviction ; urgent evi 
dence. 4. Pressing exigence ; that which urges or con- 
strains. — 5. In a general sense, any thing which compels or 
constrains. 6. A putting in execution, as law. 

EN-FoRC'ER, n. One who compels, constrains, or urges , 
one_who effects by violence ; one who carries into effect. 

EN-FoRCTNG, ppr. Giving force or strength ; compelling 
urging ; constraining ; putting in execution. 

EN-FORM', v. t. To form : to fashion See Form. 

EN-FoUL'DER-ED, a. [Fr. foudroyer.) Mixed with light- 
ning. — Spenser. 

EN-FRAN'CHISE, v. t. 1. To set free ; to liberate from 
slavery. 2. To make free of a city, corporation, or state ; 
to admit to the privileges of a freeman. 3. To free or re- 
lease from custody. 4. To naturalize ; to denizen ; to re 
ceive as denizens. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—!, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BQ( »K 



ENG 



355 



ENG 



EN-FRAN'CHIS.ED, pp. or a. 1. Set free ; released from | 
bondage. 2. Admitted to the rights and privileges of free- 
men. 

EN-FRAN'CHISE-MENT, re. 1. Release from slavery or 
cnstody. 2. The admission of persons to the freedom of 
a corporation or state ; investiture, with the privileges of 

EN-FRAN'CHIS-ER, re. One who enfranchises. 

EN-FRAN'CHlS-ING, ppr. Setting free from slavery or 
custody ; admitting to the privileges of free citizens. 

. EN-FRo'WARD, v. t. To make froward or perverse. 

1 EN-FRoZ'EN, a. Frozen; congealed. — Spenser. 

EN-GaGE', v. t. [Fr. engager.] I. To make liable for a 
debt to a creditor ; to bind one's self as surety. 2. To 
pawn ; to stake as a pledge. 3. To enlist ; to bring into a 
party. 4. To embark in an affair. 5. To gain ; to win 
and attach; to draw to. — Waller. 6. To unite and bind 
iiy contract or promise ; as, to engage one's self to a 
young lady. 7. To attract and fix. 8. To occupy ; to em- 
ploy assiduously. 9. To attack in contest; to encounter. 

j£N-GaGE', v.i. 1. To encounter ; to begin to fight ; to at- 
tack in conflict. 2. To embark in any business ; to take a 
concern in ; to undertake. 3. To promise or pledge one's 
word ; to bind one's self. 

EN-GAGUD' (en-gajd'), pp. or a. Pledged; promised; en- 
listed ; gained and attached ; attracted and fixed ; embark- 
ed ; earnestly employed ; zeaknis. — Engaged columns, in 
architecture, columns sunk partly into the walls to which 
they are attached ; they always stand out at least one half 
their thickness. — Brande. 

EN-GIG'ED-LY, adv. With earnestness ; with attachment. 

EN-GaG'ED-NESS, n. The state of being seriously and 
earnestly occupied ; zeal ; animation. — Flint's Massillon. 

EN-GIGE'MENT, re. 1. The act of pawning, pledging, or 
making liable for debt. 2. Obligation by agreement or 
contract; as, an engagement to be married. 3. Adher- 
ence to a party or cause ; partiality. 4. Employment of 
one's time and attention. 5. Employment in fighting ; 
the conflict of armies or fleets ; battle ; a general action. 
6. Obligation ; motive ; that which engages. — Syn. Avo- 
cation ; business ; employment ; occupation ; promise ; 
contract ; word ; battle ; combat ; fight ; contest. 

EN-GIG'ER, re. One who enters into an engagement or 
agreement. 

EN-GaG'ING, ppr. 1. Pawning; making liable for debt; 
enlisting ; bringing into a party or cause ; promising ; 
binding. 2. a. Winning ; attractive ; tending to draw the 
attention or the affections ; pleasing. — Engaging and dis- 
engaging machinery, is that in which one part is alter- 
nately attached to or separated from another part, as oc- 
casion may require. 

EN-GaG'1NG-LY, adv. In a manner to win the affections. 

f EN-GAL'LANT, v. t. To make a gallant of.— Ben Jon- 
son. 

\ EN-GIOL' (en-jale'), v. t. To imprison. — Shak. 

i EN-GaR'BOIL, v. t. To disorder. 

EN-GXR'LAND, v. t. To encircle with a garland. 

EN-GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To furnish with a garrison; to de- 
fend or protect by a garrison. — Bishop Hall. 

\ EN-GAS'TRI-MUTH, re. [Gr. ev, yaoTnp, and nvOog.] A 
ventriloquist. 

EN-GEN'DER, v. t. [Fr. engendrer.] 1. To get between the 
different sexes ; to form in embryo. 2. To cause to ex- 
ist; to cause to bring forth; as, to engender strifes. — 
Syn. To breed ; generate ; produce ; occasion ; call forth ; 
cause ; create. 

EN-GEN'DER, v. i. To be caused or produced. 

EN-GENDER.ED, pp. Begotten; caused; produced. 

EN-GEN'DER-ER, re. He or that which engenders. 

EN-GEN'DER-ING, ppr. Begetting ; causing to be ; produc- 

EN-GILD', v. t. To gild; to brighten.— Shak. 

EN'GINE, re. [Fr. ere^ire.] 1. In mechanics, a compound ma- 
chine, or artificial instrument, composed of different parts, 
and intended to produce some effect by the help of the 
mechanical powers ; as a pump, a windlass, a capstan, a 
fire-engine, a steam-engine. 2. A military machine ; as a 
battering-ram, &c. 3. Any instrument ; that by which 
any effect is produced. 4. A machine for throwing water 
to extinguish fire ; a fire-engine. 5. Means ; any thina; 
used to effect a purpose. 6. An agent for another ; [usu- 
ally in an ill sense.] 

EN'GlNE-MAN, re. A man who manages the engine, as in 
steamers and steam-cars. 

EN-Ql-NEER', re. [Fr. ingenieur.] 1. In the military art, a 
person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who forms 
plans of works for offense or defense, and marks out the 
ground for fortifications. — Civil engineers are employed in 
delineating plans, and superintending the construction of 
other public works, as aqueducts and canals. 2. One who 
manages engines or artillery. 

EN-GI-NEER'ING, re. The business of an engineer. 

EN'GiNE-RY (en'jin-ry), re. 1. The act of managing engines 



or artillery. 2. Engines in general ; artillery ; instruments 

of war. 3. Machination. 
EN-GiRD', v. t. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass. 
EN-GiRD'ED, > a . , . 

EN-GiRT' \PP" a ' Surrounded ; encompassed. 

EN-GiRD'ING, ppr. Encircling ; surrounding. 

EN'Gl-SCOPE, re. [Gr. eyyvs and oicoireu.] A kind of mi- 
croscope ; the compound microscope. — Pricthard, 

EN-GLAD', v. t. To make glad ; to cause to rejoice. 

t EN-GLaIMJSD' (en-glamd'), a. Furred ; clammy. 

EN"GLAND (ing'gland). See English. 

EN"GLE, re. A gull ; a put; a bubble. 

EN"GLISH (ing'glish), a. [Sax. Englisc, from Engles, An- 
gles, a tribe of Germans, who settled in Britain, and gave 
it the name of England.] Belonging to England, or to its 
inhabitants. 

EN"GLISH (ing'glish), re. 1. The people of England. 2. 
The language of England, or of the English nation. 

EN"GLISH, v. t. To translate into the English language. 

EN"GLISHED (ing'glisht), pp. Rendered into English. 

EN"GLISH-RY, re. The state of being an Englishman. 

EN-GLOOM', v. t. To make gloomy. 

EN-GLUT', v. t. [Fr. engloutir.] 1. To swallow.— Shak. 2. 
To fill ; to glut. — Spenser. 

EN-GLUTTED, £p. Glutted; filled. 

EN-GLUTTING, ppr. Glutting. 

EN-GoRE', v. t. To pierce ; to gore. — Spenser. See Gore. 

EN-GORGE' (en-gorj 7 ), v. t. [Fr. engorger.] To swallow ; 
to devour; to gorge; properly, to swallow with greedi- 
ness, or in large quantities. 

EN-GORGE' (en-gorj'), v. i. To devour ; to feed with eager- 
ness or voracity. — Milton. 

EN-GORG^D' (en-gorjd'), pp. Swallowed with greediness, 
or in large draughts. 

EN-GORGE'MENT (en-gorj'ment), re. The act of swallow- 
ing greedily ; a devouring with voracity. 

EN-GORGING, ppr. Swallowing with voracity. 

EN-GRaFT, v. t. To ingraft, which see. 

EN-GRaIL', v. t [Fr. engreler.] In heraldry, to variegate ; 
to spot, as with hail ; to indent or make ragged at the 
edges ; to indent in curve lines. 

EN-GR.aIL.ED' (en-grald'), pp. Variegated ; spotted. 

EN-GRaIL'MENT, re. The ring of dots round the edge of a 
medal. — Brande. 

EN-GRaIN', v. t. To dye in grain, or in the raw material ; 
to dye deep. 

EN-GRIIN.ED' (en-grand 7 ), pp. Dyed in the grain. 

EN-GRXINTNG, ppr. Dyeing in the grain. 

EN-GRAP'PLE, v. t. To grapple ; to seize and hold ; to 
close in and hold fast. 

EN-GRaSP', v. t. To seize with a clasping hold ; to hold fast 
by inclosing or embracing ; to gripe. 

EN-GRaVE', v. t. ; pret. engraved ; pp. engraved or engraven. 
[Fr. graver.] 1. To cut, as metals, stones, or other hard 
substances, with a chisel or graver ; to cut figures, letters, 
or devices on stone or metal ; to mark by incisions. 2. 
To picture or represent by incisions ; 3. To imprint ; to 
impress deeply ; to infix, as on the memory. 4. To bury ; 
to deposit in the grave ; to inter ; to inhume ; [obs.] 

EN-GRIV.ED', I pp. or a. Cut or marked, as with a chisel 

EN-GRaV'£N, 5 or graver; imprinted; deeply impressed. 

EN-GRaVE'MENT, re. Engraved work ; act of engraving. 

EN-GRaV'ER, re. One who engraves ; a cutter of letters, 
figures, or devices on stone, metal, or wood ; a sculptor ; 
a carver. 

EN-GR1 V'ER-Y, re. The work of an engra ver. [Little iised.] 

EN-GRaVING, ppr. Cutting or marking stones or metals 
with a chisel or graver ; imprinting. 

EN-GRaV'ING, re. The act or art of engraving ; particular- 
ly, the art of producing figures or designs on metal, &c, 
by incision or corrosion, for the purpose of being subse- 
quently printed on paper. 2. A print ; an impression 
from an engraved plate. 

EN-GRIeVE', v. t. To grieve ; to pain. See Gkievk. 

EN-GRoSS', v. t. [Fr. engrossir.] 1. Primarily, to make thick 
or gross ; to thicken ; [not used.] 2. To make larger ; to 
increase in bulk ; [not used.] 3. To seize in the gross ; to 
take the whole ; as, to engross the thoughts. 4. To pur- 
chase, with a view to sell again, either the whole or large 
quantities of commodities in market, for the purpose of 
making a profit by enhancing the price. 5. To copy in a 
large hand ; to write a fair, correct copy, in large or dis- 
tinct, legible characters. 6. To take or assume in undue 
quantities or degrees. — Syn. To absorb ; swallow up ; oc- 
cupy ; lay hold of; to forestall ; monopolize. 

EN-GR5SS.ED' (en-grosf), pp. or a. Made thick ; taken in 
the whole ; purchased in large quantities for sale ; written 
in large, fair characters. 

EN-GR5SS'ER, n. He or that which takes the whoie ; a* 
person who purchases the whole or such quantities of ar 
tides in a market as to raise the price. 2. One who cop- 
ies a writing in large, fair characters. 

EN-GRoSSING, ppr. 1. Taking the whole ; buying com 



D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. , t Obsolete. 



ENL 



356 



ENN 



modi ties in stick quantities as to raise the price in market. 

2. Writing correct copies in large, fair characters. 
EN-GRoSS'ING, n. 1. The copying of a writing in fair and 

legible characters. 2. The buying up of large quantities 
of a commodity, in order to raise the price.— Urawde. 

EN-GRoSS'MENT, n. 1. The act of engrossing ; the act of 
taking the whole. 2. The appropriation of things in the 
gross, or in exorbitant quantities ; exorbitant acquisition. 

EN-G U£RD', v. t. To guard ; to defend.— Shak. 

EN-GULF', v. t. To absorb or swallow up in a gulf. 

EN-GULFED' (en-gulff), pp. Swallowed up in a whirlpool, 
or in a deep abyss or gulf. 

EN-GULF'ING, ppr. Swallowing up in a whirlpool or abyss. 

EN-GUI F'MENT, n. An absorption in a gulf, or deep cav- 
ern, or vortex. 

EN-HANCE' (en-hansO, v. t. [Norm, enhauncer.] 1. To raise; 
to lift ; [obs.] 2. To raise to a higher point ; to advance ; 
to heighten ; [applied to prices, qualities, and enjoyments.] 

3. To increase ; to aggravate ; as, to enhance guilt. 
EN-HANCE', v. i. To be raised ; to swell ; to grow larger. 
EN-HANCED' (en-hanstf), pp. or a. Raised^ advanced ; 

heightened ; increased. 
EN-HaNCE'MENT, n. 1. Rise ; increase ; augmentation. 

2. Increase ; aggravation. 
EN-HaNC'ER, n. One who enhances; he or that which 

raises price, &c. 

Raising ; increasing ; augmenting ; ag- 



EN-HaNC'ING, ppr. 

gravating. 
EN-HaR'BOR, v. i. 
EN-HARD'EN, v. t. 
EN-HaR-MON'I€, a 



To dwell in or inhabit. — Browne. 
To harden ; to encourage. — Howell. 
In music, an epithet applied to siich a 
species of composition as proceeds on very small intervals. 
E-NIG'MA, n. [L. (Enigma.] A dark saying, in which some 
known thing is concealed under obscure language ; an ob- 
scure question ; a riddle. — Johnson. — Encyc. 
E-NIG-MAT'IC, \a. 1. Relating to or containing a rid- 
E-NIG-MATIC-AL, 5 die ; obscure ; darkly expressed ; 

ambismous. 2. Obscurely conceived or apprehended. 
E-NIG-MAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. In an obscure manner. 
E-NIG'MA-TIST, n. A maker or dealer in enigmas and rid- 
dles. — Addison. 
E-NIG'MA-TIZE, v. i. To utter or form enigmas ; to deal in 

riddles. 
E-NIG-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, In. [Gr. mvivua and ypa+u, or 
E-NIG-MA-TOL'O-GY, 5 Aoyoj.] The art of making 

and solving riddles. 
EN-Ja.IL', v. t. To put into jail. — Smart. 
EN-JOIN', v. t. [Fr. enjoindre.] 1. To order or direct with 
urgency ; to admonish or instruct with authority ; to com- 
mand ; to prescribe. Says Johnson, " This word is more 
authoritative than direct, and less imperious than com- 
mand. ' — 2. In law, to forbid judicially ; to issue or direct 
a lesral injunction to stop proceedings. 
EN-JOINED' (en-joind'), pp. Ordered ; directed ; admon- 
ished with authority ; commanded. 
EN-JOIN'ER, n. One who enjoins. 
EN-JOINING, ppr. Ordering ; directing.— Brown. 
EN-JOIN'MENT, n. Direction ; command ; authoritative 

admonition. 
EN- JOY', v. t. [Fr. jouir.] 1. To feel or perceive with pleas- 
ure ; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or 
experience of. 2. To possess with satisfaction ; to take 
pleasure or delight in the possession of. 3. To have, pos- 
sess, and use with satisfaction ; to have, hold, or occupy, 
as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable. 
EN- JO Y', v. i. To live in happiness. — Milton. [ Unusual.] 
EN-JO Y'A-BLE, a. Capable of being enjoyed. — Pope. 
EN-JOYED' (en-joyd'), pp. Perceived with pleasure or sat- 
isfaction ; possessed or used with pleasure ; occupied 
with content. 
EN-JOY'ER, n. One who enjoys. 
EN-JOY'ING, ppr. Feeling with pleasure ; possessing with 

satisfaction. 
EN-JOY'MENT, n. 1. A state of pleasurable sensation. 2. 
Possession with satisfaction ; occupancy of any thing good 
or desirable. — Syn. Pleasure ; satisfaction ; gratification ; 
fruition; happiness. 
EN-KIN'DLE, v. t. 1. To kindle ; to set on fire ; to inflame. 

2. To excite ; to rouse into action ; to inflame. 
EN-KIN'DLED (-kin'dld),pp. Set on fire ; inflamed ; roused 

into action : excited. 
EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire ; inflaming ; rousing ; 

exciting:. 
EN-LSCE'. See Inlace. 

EN-LaRD'. v. t. To cover with lard or grease ; to baste. 
I N-LaRDED, pp. Basted with lard. 
EN-LaRD'ING, ppr. Greasing. 

£ >T-LaRgE' (en-larf), v. t. 1. To make greater in quantity 
or dimensions ; to extend in limits, breadth, or size ; to 
ixpand in bulls;. 2. To dilate ; to expand, as with joy or 
love. 3. To expand ; to make more comprehensive. 4. 
To increase in appearance ; to magnify to the eye. 5. To 
sat at liberty; to release from confinement or pressure. 



6. To extend in a discourse ; to diffuse in eloquence i 
with a reciprocal pronoun ; [rare.] 7. To augment; to in 
crease ; to make large or larger. — To enlarge the heart, to 
make liberal and charitable. 

EN-LaRgE', (en-larj'), v. i. 1. To grow large or larger ; to 
extend ; to dilate ; to expand. 2. To be diffuse in speak 
ing or writing ; to expatiate. 3. To exaggerate. 

EN-LaRgED' (en-larjd'), pp. or a. Increased in bulk; ex- 
tended in dimensions ; expanded ; dilated ; augmented ; 
released from confinement or straits. 

EN-LiRG'ED-LY, adv. With enlargement. — Montagu. 

EN-LaRgE'MENT, n. 1. Increase of size or bulk, real or 
apparent ; extension of dimensions or limits ; augmenta 
tion; dilatation; expansion. 2. Expansion or extension , 
[applied to the mind, to knoieledge, or to the intellectual pow- 
ers, by which the mind comprehends a wider range of ideas 
or thought.] 3. Expansion of the heart, by which it be- 
comes more benevolent and charitable. 4. Release from 
confinement, servitude, distress, or straits. — Esther, iv. 5. 
Diffusiveness of speech or writing; an expatiating on a par- 
ticular subject; a wide range of discourse or argument. 

EN-LaRg'ER, n. He or that which enlarges, increases, ex- 
tends, or expands ; an amplifier. 

EN-LaRg'ING, ppr. Increasing in bulk ; extending in di- 
mensions ; expanding ; making free or liberal ; speaking 
diffusively. 

EN-LaRg'ING, n. Enlargement. 

EN-LiGHT' (en-lite'), v. t. To iUuminate ; to enlighten. 
Pope. [Rarely used.] 

EN-LlGHT'EN (en-lit'n), v. t. [Sax. enlihtan.] 1. To make 
light ; to shed light on ; to supply with light ; to illuminate. 
2. To quicken in the faculty of vision ; to enable to see 
more clearly 3. To gi re light ; to give clearer views ; to 
illuminate ; to instruct ; to enable to see or comprehend 
truth. 4. To illuminate with divine knowledge, or a knowl- 
edge of the truth. 

EN-LlGHT.EN.ED (en-lifnd), pp. or a. Rendered light ; il- 
luminated; instructed; informed; furnished with clear 
views. 

EN-LIGHT'EN-ER, n. One who illuminates ; he or that 
which communicates light to the eye or clear views to 
the mind. 

EN-LIGHT'EN-ING (en-lit'n-ing), ppr. or a. Illuminating , 
giving liafht to ; instructing. 

EN-LlGHT'EN-MENT (en-lit'n-), n. Act of enlightening 
state of being enlightened or instructed. 

EN-LINK', v. t. To chain to ; to connect. — Shak. 

EN-LIST', v. t. Literally, to enter a name on a list. Hence, 
1. To engage' in public service, by entering the name in a 
register; as, to enlist soldiers. — 2. In a wider sense, to unite 
firmly to a cause ; to employ in advancing some object ; 
as, to enlist persons of all classes in the cause of truth. 

EN-LIST', v. i. 1. To engage in public service, by subscrib- 
ing articles or enrolling one's name. — 2. In a wider sense, to 
enter heartily into a cause, as one devoted to its interests. 

EN-LIST'ED, pp. Enrolled for service, chiefly military. 

EN-LIST'ING, ppr. Enrolling for service. 

EN-LIST'MENT, n. 1. The act of enlisting. 2. The writ 
ing by which a soldier is bound. 

t EN-Ll VE', v. t. To animate ; to make alive.— Bp. Hall. 

EN-LlV'EN (en-liv'n), v. t. 1. To give action or motion to ; 
to make vigorous or active. 2. To give spirit or vivacity 
to ; to make sprightly. 3. To make cheerful, gay, or joy- 
ous. — Syn. To animate ; inspire ; exhilarate ; cheer ; in- 
spirit ; vivify ; gladden ; invigorate. 

EN-LTV.EN.ED (en-llv'nd), pp. Made more active ; excited ; 
animated ; made cheerful or gay. 

EN-LlV'EN-ER, n. He or that which enlivens or animates , 
he or that which invigorates. 

EN-LlV'EN-ING, ppr. or a. Giving life, spirit, or animation ; 
inspiring ; invigorating ; making vivacious, sprightly, or 
cheerful. 

EN-LtJ'MINE, v. t. To illumine ; to enlighten. 

EN-MaR'BLE, v. t. To make hard as marble ; to harden. 

EN-MaR'BLED, pp. Hardened.— Hall. 

EN-MaR'BLING, ppr. Making hard, like marble. 

EN MaSSE' (ang-mass'), [Fr.] In the mass or whole 
body. 

EN-MESH', v. t. To net ; to entangle ; to entrap.— Shak. 

EN-MEW. See Emmew. 

EN'MI-T Y, n. [Fr. inimitie.] 1. The quality of being an en- 
emy ; the opposite of friendship ; unfriendly dispositions. 
It expresses more than aversion, and less than malice, and 
differs from displeasure in denoting a fixed or rooted ha- 
tred, whereas displeasure is more transient. 2. A state of 
opposition. — Syn. Hostility; animosity; hatred; ill-will 
malignity; malevolence. 
EN-MOSSED' (en-mosf), a. Covered with moss. 

t EN-MoVE'. See Emmove. 

EN-NE-A-€ON-TA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. evvevrjuovTa and t&pa.] 

Having ninety faces. — Cleaveland. 
EN'NE-A-GON, n. [Gr. evvea and ywvia.] In geometry, a 
polygon or plane figure with nine sides or nine angles. 



■jnopew. A, E, T. &c, long.-K, E, I, &c, short.-FAU, FALL WHAT ;-PREY ;-MARlNE, BiRD ;-M5VE, BOOK. 



EXR 



357 



ENS 



EN-NE ANDRI-A, u. pi. [Gr. tvvta and anip.] In botany, a 
term denoting a class of plants having nine'stamens. 

EX-XE-AX'DRLAX, ? tt • ■ . 

EX-XE-AXDROUS. J*" Having nine stamens. 

EX-XE-A-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. tvvta and rtraXov.] Having 
nine petals or flower-leaves. 

EN-KE-ATTC, la. [Gr. ewea.] Enneatical davs are ev- 

EX -XE-ATIC-AL, 5 ery ninth day of a disease.— Enneatic- 
al years are every ninth year of a man's life. 

r EN-NEW, v. t. To make new. — Sktlton. 

EX-Xo'BLE, v. t. [Fr. ennoblir.] 1. To make noble: to raise 
to nobility. 2. To elevate in degree, qualities, or excel- 
lence; as, virtue ennobles the mind. 3. To make famous 
or illustrious. Bacon. — Syx. To raise ; dignify ; exalt ; 
elevate; aggrandize. 

ENX5'BLEI),/>i>. Raised to the rank of nobility; dignified; 
exalted in rank, excellence, or value. 

EX-XoT3LE-MEXT, n. 1. The act of advancing to nobility. 
2. Exaltation ; elevation in degree or excellence. 

EX-Xo'BLIXG, ppr. or a. Advancing to the rank of a noble- 
man ; exalting ; dignifying. 

EN-NUT (ang-wee'),"?i. [FrT] Dullness of spirit, languor, or 
uneasiness, connected with a feeling of disgust — Syn. 
Weariness ; heaviness ; lassitude ; melancholy. 

EX-O-DITIOX, n. [L. enodatio.] 1. The act of clearing of 
knots, or of untying. 2. Solution of a difficulty; [little 
used.] 

E-XoDE', a. [L. enodis.] In botany, destitute of knots or 
joints; knotless. 

E-XGDE', v. t. [L. enodo.] To clear of knots ; to make clear. 

E-XoD'ED. pp. Cleared of knots. 

E-XoD'IXG, ppr. Making clear of knots. 

E-XOM'O-TaRCH, n. The commander of an enomoty. 

E-XOM'O-TY, n. [Gr. ttrnfiona.] In Lacedamon, anciently, 
a body of soldiers, supposed to be thirty -two. — Mitford. 

r E-XORM . See Exorimous. 

E-XOR'MI-Ti, n. [L. enormitas.] 1. Any wrong, irregular, 
vicious, or sinful act, either in government or morals. 2. 
Atrocious crime ; flagitious villainy. 3. Atrociousness ; ex- 
cessive degree of crime or guilt. 

E-XOR'MOUS, a. [L. enormis.] 1. Going beyond the usual 
measure or rule. 2. Excursive ; beyond the limits of a 
regular figure. 3. Great beyond the common meas\ire ; 
excessive. 4. Exceeding, in bulk or height, the common 
measure. 5. Irregular ; confused ; disordered ; unusual. 
— Syx. Huge ; vast ; immoderate ; excessive ; immense ; 
prodigious ; outrageous ; heinous. 

E-XOR'MOUS-LY, adv. Excessively; beyond measure. 

E-NOR'MOUS-XESS, n. The state of being enormous or 
excessive: greatness beyond measure. 

E-XOUGH (e-nuf), a. [Sax. genog, genoh.] That satisfies 
desire, or gives content ; that may answer the purpose ; 
that is adequate to the wants. — Syx. Sufficiency ; plenty ; 
abundance. 

E-X6UGH (e-nuf), n. 1. A sufficiency; a quantity of a 
thing which satisfies desire, or is adequate to the wants. 
2. That which is equal to the powers or abilities. 

E-X6UGH (e-nuf), adv. 1. Sufficiently: in a quantity or 
degree that satisfies, or is equal to the "desires or wants. 2. 
Fully ; quite ; denoting a slight augmentation of the pos- 
itive degree. 3. Sometimes it denotes diminution, delicate- 
ly expressing rather less than is desired : such a quantity 
or degree as commands acquiescence rather than full sat- 
isfaction. 4. An exclamation denoting sufficiency. 

E-XOUXCE' (e-nouns'), v. t. [Fr. enoncer.] To utter ; to pro- 
nounce ; to declare. — Horsely. [Little used.} 

E-XOUXCED' (e-nounsr), pp. Uttered ; pronounced. 

E-XOUXCE'MENT, n. Act of enouncing. 

E-XOUXCTXG, ppr. Uttering; pronouncing. 

E-XOW, the old plural of enough, is nearly obsolete. 

EN Pa'S'SaNT (ang-pas'sang), [Fr.] In passing; by the 
wav L 

EX-PIeRCE'. See Emfierce. 

\ ENQUICK'EN, v. t. To quicken ; to make alive. 

EX-QLlRE', more properly, inquire, which see, and its de- 
rivatives. 

\ EX-RaCE', v. t. To implant. — Spenser. 

£N-RagE', v. t. [Fr. enrager.] To excite rage in ; to pro- 
voke to fury or madness ; to make furious.— Syx. To ir- 
ritate ; incense ; inflame ; exasperate ; provoke ; anger ; 
incite : aggravate. 

SX-RAGED'~(en-rajd'),.p.p.ora. Made furious; exasperated; 
provoked to madness. 

£X-Ra6'IXG. ppr. Exasperating ; provoking to madness. 

f EX-RaXgE', v. t. To put in order ; to rove over. — Spenser. 

EX-RAXK', ». t. To place in ranks or order. — Shah. 

EX-R AXKED' (-rankt). pp. Placed in a rank, or in ranks. 

EX-RAXK'IXG, ppr. Placing in a rank. 

EX-RAPT. pp. or a. Carried or borne away with overpow- 
ering emotion : in an ecstasy. — Shak. [Poetic] 

EN-RAPTURE, v. t. To transport with pleasure ; to delight 
bevond measure. 

EX-RAPTURED, pp. or a. Transported with pleasure. 



EX-RAPTUR-IXG, ppr. or a. Transporting with pleasure. 

EX-RAVISH, v. t. To throw into ecstasy; to transport 
with delight: to enrapture. — Spenser. 

EN-RAY'ISHED (-rav'isht), pp. Transported with delight. 

EX-RAY'ISH-IXG. ppr. or a. Throwing into ecstasy. 

EX-R A Y'ISH-IXG-LY, adv. In a manner to enravish, or pro- 
duce an ecstasy of delight 

EX-RAY'ISH-MEXT, n. "Ecstasy of delight ; rapture. 

EX-REG'IS-TER, v. t. [Fr. eureglsircr.} To register ; to en 
roll or record. — Spenser. 

EN-REG'IS-TERED, pp. Entered in a roll 

EX-REG'IS-TER-IXG, ppr. Enrolling ; recording. 

EX-RHEuM', v. i. [Fr. enrhumer.] To have rheum through 
cold. 

EX-RICH, v. t. [Fr. enrichir.] 1. To make rich, wealthy, 
or opulent ; to supply with abundant property. 2. To 
fertilize ; to supply with the nutriment of plants, and ren- 
der productive, as land. 3. To store ; to supply with an 
abundance of any thing desirable, as the mind with infor- 
mation. 4. To supply with any thing splendid or orna- 
mental, as a literary production with imagery. 

EX-RICHED' (en-richr), pp. Made rich or Wealthy '; fertil- 
ized ; supplied with that which is desirable, useful or or- 
namental. 

EX-RICHER n. One who enriches. 

EX-RICHIXG, ppr. Making opulent ; fertilizing; supplying 
with what is splendid, useful, or ornamental. 

EX-RICH'MEXT. n. Augmentation of wealth ; amplifica- 
tion ; improvement ; the addition of fertility or ornament 

EX-RIDGE' (en-rift, v. t. To form into ridges.— Shak. 

EX-RIXG'. v. t. To encircle ; to bind.— Shak. 

EX-RlP'EX (en-np'n), v. t. To ripen ; to bring to perfection. 

EX-RlYE'. r. t. To rive ; to cleave. — Spenser. 

EX-R5BE', v. t. To clothe with rich attire ; to invest 

EX-RoBED' (en-robd'), pp. Attired ; invested. 

EX-RoB'IXG. ppr. Investing; attiring. 

EX-ROCK/MEXT, n. A mass of large stones thrown in at 
random, to form the basis of piers, breakwaters, &c. — 
Buchanan. 

EX-RoLL', v. t. [Fr. enrdler.] 1. To write in a roll or regis- 
ter ; to insert a name or enter in a list or catalogue. 2~ 
To record ; to insert in records ; to leave in writing. 3. 
To wrap : to involve ; [not used.] 

EX-RoLLED' (en-rold'), pp. Inserted in a roll or register; 
recorded. 

EX-R5LLER n. He that eurolls or registers. 

EX-RoLL'IXG. ppr. Inserting in a register ; recording. 

EX-RoLL'MEXT, n. 1. A register; a record ; a writing in 
which anv thing is recorded! 2. The act of enrolling. 

EX-ROOT.V. t. To fix by the root ; to fix fast. 

EX-ROOT'ED.^p. Fixed by the root ; planted or fixed deep. 

EX-ROOT1XG, ppr. Fixing by the root ; planting deep. 

t EX-ROUXD'. v. t. To environ : to surround ; to inclose. 

EX R6UTE (ang-roof). [Fr.] Upon the road; in progress. 

EXS, n. [L. ens.] Entity; being; existence. — Among the 
old chemists, the concentrated power, virtue, or efficacy of 
anv thing. [Little used.] 

tEX-SIFE', p. t. To render safe.— W. Bell. 

EX-SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemjdum.] An example; a pattern or 
model for imitation. [Rarely used.] 

EX-SAM'PLE, v. t. To exemplify; to show by example. 
[Seldom used.] 

EX-SAX"GUIXE (-sang'gwin), v. t. [L. sanguis.] To stain 
or cover with blood ; to smear with gore. 

EX-SAX"GUIXED. pp. or a. Suffused or stained with blood. 

EX'SaTE. a. [L. ensis.] Having sword-shaped leaves. 

EX-SCHED'ULE, v. t. To insert in a schedule.— Shak. &s 
Schedule. 

EX-SCOXCE' (en-skons'), v. t. To cover or shelter, as with 
a sconce or fort ; to protect ; to secure, or hide. 

EN-SCOXCED' (en-skonsf), pp. Covered or sheltered, as 
bv a sconce or fort ; protected : secured. 

EX-SCOXC'IXG, ppr. Covering or sheltering, as by a fort 

EN-SEAL', v. t. To seal ; to frsfa seal on ; to impress. 

EX-SEALED' (en-seeld'). pp. Impressed with a seaL 

EX-Se AL'IXG. ppr. Sealing : affixing a seal to. 

EX-SeALTXG, n. The act of affixing a seal to. 

EX-Se AM', v. t. To sew up ; to inclose by a seam. 

EX-SEAMED', a. Greasy.— Shak. 

EX-Se AME D'»(en-seemd'), pp. Sewed up. 

EX-SeAM'IXG. ppr. Sewing up. 

EX-Se AR.'. v. t. To sear : to cauterize ; to close or stop by 
burning to hardness. — Shak. 

t EX-Se ARCH' (en-serchO, o. i. To search for ; to try to find. 

EX-Se ARE D' (en-seerd'), pp. Seared to hardness. 

EX-S£AR'IXG. ppr. Searing to hardness. 

EN-SEM'BLE (ang-samnl)."??. [Fr.] 1. The whole ; all the 
parts taken together. — 2. In the fine arts, this term de- 
notes the masses and details considered with relation to 
each other. — Brande. 

EX-SHIeLD'. v. t. To shield : to cover ; to protect [Shaks- 
peare uses enskield for enshielded.] 

EX-SHIeLD'ED, pp. Protected. 



DoYE ;— BULL, UXITE ;— AX' GER, Yl'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete 



ENT 



358 



ENT 



EN-SHlE'LD'ING pp; . Covering with a shield. 

EN-SHRiNE', v. t. To inclose in a shrine or chest ; to de- 
posit for safe-keeping in a cabinet. 

EN-SHRlKED' (en-shrlnd'), pp. 1. Inclosed or preserved 
in a shrine or chest. 2. Inclosed ; placed, as in a shrine. 

EN-SHRINTNG, ppr.. Inclosing in a shrine or cabinet. 

EN-SHROUD', v. t. To cover with a shroud. 

EN-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ensis and fero.] Bearing or carry- 
ing a sword. 

EN'SI-FORM, a. [L. ensiformis.] Having the shape of a 
sword. 

EN'SlGN (en'sine), n. [Fr. enseigne.] 1. The flag or banner 
of a military band, or of a vessel ; a banner of colors ; a 
national flag or standard. 2. Any signal to assemble or to 
give notice. 3. A badge ; a "mark of distinction, rank, or 
office. 4. The officer who carries the flag or colors, being 
thelowest commissioned officer in a company of infantry. 

EN'SlGN-BE aR'ER, n. He who carries the flag ; an ensign. 

EN'SlGN-CY, n. The rank, office, or commission of an en- 
sign. 

tEN-SKxED' (en-skide'), a. Placed in heaven; made im- 
mortal. 

EN-SLIVE', v. t. 1. To reduce to slavery or bondage ; to 
deprive of liberty, and subject to the will of a master. 
2. .To reduce to servitude or subjection, as to habits or 
passions. 

EN-SLaVED' (en-slavd'), pp. or a. Reduced to slavery or 
subjection. 

EN-SLIV'ED-NESS, n. State of being enslaved. 

EN-SL IVE'MENT, n. The state of being enslaved ; slavery ; 
bondage ; servitude. — South. 

EN-SLaV'ER, n. He who reduces another to bondage. 

EN-SLaV'ING, ppr. Reducing to bondage. 

EN-SNIRE'. See Insnare. 

EN-SNARL', v. t. To entangle. — Spenser. 

EN-SNaRL', v. i. To snarl ; to gnash the teeth. — Cockeram. 

EN-SNARLED' (en-snarld'), pp. Entangled. 

EN-SNARLTNG, ppr. Entangling. 

EN-So'BER, v. t. To make sober.— Taylor. 

EN-So'BERED, pp. Made sober. 

EN-So'BER-ING, ppr. Making sober. 

EN-SPHeRE', v. t. 1. To place in a sphere. 2. To make 
into a sphere. 

EN-SPHeRED' (en-sferd'), pp. Placed in a sphere. 

EN-SPHeR'ING, ppr. Placing in a sphere. 

EN-STAMP', v. t. To impress, as with a stamp ; to impress 
deeply. 

EN-STAMPED' (en-starnpf), pp. Impressed deeply. 

EN-STAMPING, ppr. Impressing deeply. 

EN-STyLE', v. t. To style ; to name ; to call. [Little used.] 

T EN-SuE', v. t. [Fr. ensuivre.] To follow ; to pursue. 

EN-ScE', v. i. 1. To follow as a consequence of premises. 
2. To follow in a train of events or course of time ; to suc- 
ceed ; to come after. 

EN-Su'ING, ppr. or a. Following as a consequence ; com- 
ing next after ; succeeding. 

EN-SuRE', and its derivatives. See Insure. 

EN-SWEEP', v. t. To sweep over ; to pass over rapidly. 

EN-TAB'LA-TURE, \n. [Sp. entablamento ; Ft. entablement.] 

EN-Ta'BLE-MENT, > In architecture, that part of the order 
of a column which is over the capital, including the archi- 
trave, frieze, and cornice. 
EN-TA€K'LE, v. t. To supply with tackle.— Skelton. 

EN-TaIL', n. [Fr. entailler.] 1. An estate or fee entailed, or 
limited in descent to a particular heir or heirs. 2. Rule 
of descent settled for an estate. 3. Delicately carved or- 
namental work ; [obs.] 

EN-TaIL', v. t. 1. To settle the descent of lands and tene- 
ments, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specified, so 
that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can 
alienate or bequeath it. 2. To fix unalienably on a person 
or thing, or on a person and his descendants. 3. To cut ; 
to carve for ornament ; [obs.] 

EN-TIILED' (en-tald'), pp. or a. 1. Settled on a man and 
certain heirs specified. 2. Settled on a person and his 
descendants. 

EN-TIIL'ING, ppr. Settling the descent of an estate ; giv- 
ing, as lands and tenements, and prescribing the mode of 
descent 

EN-TIIL'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving, as* an estate, and 
directing the mode of descent. 2. The act of settling un- 
alienably on a man and his heirs. 

EN-TaME', v. t. To tame ; to subdue.— Gower. 

EN-TaMED', pp. Tamed; subdued. 

EN-TIM'ING, ppr. Taming. 

EN-TAN"GLE (en-tang'gl), v. t. 1. To twist or interweave 
in such a manner as not to be easily separated ; to make 
confused or disordered. 2. To involve in any thing com- 
plicated, and from which it is difficult to extricate one's 
self. 3. To lose in numerous or complicated involutions. 

4. To involve in difficulties ; to perplex ; to embarrass. 

5. To puzzle; to bewilder. 6. To insnare by captious 
questions ; to catch ; to perplex. 7. To perplex or dis- 



tract, as with cares. 8. To multiply intricacies and difH 
culties. 

EN-TAN"GLED (en-tang'gld), pp. or a. Twisted together , 
interwoven in a confused manner ; intricate ; perplexed , 
involved; embarrassed; insnared. 

EN-TAN"GLE-MENT, n. State of being entangled ; invo- 
lution ; a confused or disordered state ; intricacy ; per 
plexity. — Locke. 

EN-TAN"GLER, n. One who entangles. 

EN-TAN"GLING, ppr. Involving ; interweaving or intei 
locking in confusion ; perplexing ; insnaring. 

EN'TA-SIS, n. [Gr.J The almost imperceptible swelling of 
the shaft of a column. — Brande. 

EN-TASS'MENT, n. [Fr.] A heap ; accumulation. 

EN-TASTIC, a. Relating to all diseases characterized by 
tonic spasms. 

EN-TEN'DER, v. t. To treat with tenderness. 

EN'TER, v. t. [Fr. cntrer.] 1. To move or pass into a place, 
in any manner whatever ; to come or go in ; to walk or 
ride in ; to flow in ; to pierce or penetrate. 2. To advance 
into, in the progress of life ; as, to enter one's twentieth 
year. 3. To begin in a business, employment, or service . 
to enlist or engage in, as a soldier. 4. To become a mem- 
ber of; as, to enter the university. 5. To admit or intro 
duce. 6. To set down in writing ; to set an account in a 
book or register. 7. To set down, as a name ; to enroll. 
8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and 
gain admittance or permission to land. 9. To cause to 
enter ; to insert, as one piece of carpentry into another. 

EN'TER, v. i. 1. To go or come in ; to pass into. 2. To flow 
in. 3. To pierce ; to penetrate ; as, a ball entered his brain, 
4. To penetrate mentally ; as, to enter into the details of a 
scheme. 5. To engage in, as a project. 6. To be initiated 
in. 7. To be an ingredient ; to form a constituent part. 

t EN'TER-DEAL, n. Mutual dealings.— Spenser. 

ENTERED, pp. or a. Moved in ; come in ; pierced; pene- 
trated ; admitted ; introduced ; set down in writing. 

EN'TER-ER, u. One who is making a beginning. — Seward. 

EN'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Coming or going in ; flowing in ; 
piercing ; penetrating ; setting down in writing ; enlisting ; 
engaging. 2. a. Beginning ; preparing the way ; as, an 
entering wedge. 

EN'TER-ING, n. Entrance ; a passing in. 

EN-TE-Rl'TIS, n. [Gr. evrepov, intestine.] An inflammation 
of the intestines. 

EN-TER-LICE'. See Interlace. 

EN-TER'O-CeLE, n. [Gr. tvnpov and ktjXt].] In surgery, 3 
hernial tumor, in any situation, whose contents are intes 
tine. 

EN-TER-OL/0-6Y, n. [Gr. ivreppv and \oyos.] A treatist 
or discourse on the bowels or internal parts of the body 
usually including the contents of the head, breast, and 
belly. 

EN-TER-OM'PHA-LOS, n. [Gr. evrepov and o^aXoi.] Ar 
umbilical hernia, whose contents are intestine. 

EN-TER-PIR'LANCE, n. [Fr. entre and parler.] Parley 
mutual talk or conversation ; conference. 

EN-TER-PLeAD'. See Interplead. 

EN'TER-PRlSE, n. [Fr.] That which is undertaken or at- 
tempted to be performed ; particularly, a bold, arduous, 
or hazardous undertaking, either physical or moral. — 
Syn. Undertaking; adventure; attempt. 

EN'TER-PRlSE, v. t. To undertake ; to begin and attempt 
to perform. — Dryden. 

EN'TER-PRISED, pp. Undertaken; attempted. 

EN'TER-PRlS-ER, n. An adventurer ; one who under- 
takes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazard- 
ous one. 

EN'TER-PRlS-ING, ppr. 1. Undertaking, especially a bold 
design. 2. a. Bold or forward to undertake ; resolute ; 
adventurous ; venturesome ; active or prompt to attempt 
great or untried schemes. 

EN'TER-PRIS-ING-LY, adv. In an enterprising manner. 

EN-TER-TIIN', v. t. [Fr. entretenir.] 1. To receive into the 
house, and treat with hospitality, either at the table only, 
or with lodging also. 2. To treat with conversation ; to 
amuse or instruct by discourse ; properly, to engage the 
attention and retain the company of one, by agreeable 
conversation, discourse, or argument. 3. To keep in one's 
service ; to maintain. 4. To keep, hold, or maintain in 
the mind with favor ; to reserve in the mind ; to harbor ; 
to cherish ; as, to entertain high thoughts of God. 5. To 
receive or admit, with a view to consider and decide ; as 
to entertain a proposal. — T. Chalmers. 6. To maintain ; to 
support ; as, to entertain a hospital ; [obs.] 7. To please ; 
to amuse : to divert. 8. To treat , to supply with provi 
sions and liquors, or with provisions and lodging, for re 
ward ; as, a tavern-keeper entertains company. 

t EN-TER-TaIN', n. Entertainment.— Spenser. 

EN-TER-TaINED' (en-ter-tand'), pp. Received with hospi 
tality ; amused ; pleased and engaged ; kept in the mind. 

EN-TER-TIIN'ER, n. 1. He who entertains ; he who re 
ceives company with hospitality, or for reward. % He 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, i , &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



ENT 



359 



ENT 



who retains others in his service. 3. He that amuses, 
pleases, or diverts. 

EN-TER-TIIN'ING, ppr. 1. Receiving with hospitality ; 
receiving and treating with provisions and accommoda- 
tions, for reward ; keeping or cherishing with %vor ; en- 
gaging the attention ; amusing. 2. a. Pleasing , amusing ; 
diverting. 

ENTERTaINTNG-LY, adv. In an amusing manner. 

ENTERTaIN'ING-NESS, n. The quality of entertaining. 
— Coleridge. 

ENTERTIIN'MENT, n. 1. The receiving and accommo- 
dating of guests, either with or without reward. 2. Pro- 
visions of the table ; hence, also, a feast ; a superb dinner 
or supper. 3. The. pleasure or instruction derived from 
conversation, discourse, argument, oratory, music, dra- 
matic performances, &c. ; the pleasure which the mind 
receives from any thing interesting, and which holds or 
arrests the attention. 4. The act of receiving or admit- 
ting. 5. The state of being in pay or service ; [obs.] 
6. Payment of those retained in service; [obs.] 7. That 
which entertains ; that which serves for amusement ; the 
lower comedy ; farce. — Syn. Amusement ; diversion ; 
recreation ; pastime ; sport ; reception ; admission ; feast ; 
banquet; repast; carousal. 

ENTERTIS'SUED (-tish'ude), a. Interwoven ; having va- 
rious colors intermixed. — Shak. 

ENTHE-AL, a. [Gr. ev and -9-£o£.] Divinely inspired. 

ENTHE-ASTIG, a. [Gr. ev and Seo S .] Having the energy 
of God. 

EN-THE-AS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. According to deific energy. 

t EN'THE-AT, a. [Gr. evdeos.] Enthusiastic. 

EN-THRALL', v. t. To enslave. See Inthrall. 

EN-THRILL', v. t. To pierce. See Thrill. 

EN-THRoNE', v. t. 1. To place on a throne ; to exalt to the 
seat of royalty. 2. To exalt to an elevated place or seat. 
3. To invest with sovereign authority. 4. To induct or in- 
stall a bishop into a vacant see. 

ENTHRONED' (en-thrond'), pp. or a. Seated on a throne ; 
exalted to an elevated place ; inducted into a vacant see. 

EN-THRoNE'MENT, n. Act of enthroning. 

EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Seating on a throne ; raising to an 
exalted seat ; inducting into a vacant see. 

EN-THRoN-I-ZA'TION, n. The placing of a bishop in his 
stall or throne, in his cathedral. — Hook. 

t ENTHRoN'lZE, v. t. To enthrone ; to induct into a stall, 
as a bishop. 

EN-THUN'DER, v. i. To make a loud noise, like thunder. 

EN-THU'SI-ASM (en-thu'ze-azm), n. [Gr. evtiovoiaoixos.] 1. 
A belief or conceit of private revelation; the vain confi- 
dence or opinion of a person that he has special divine 
communications from the Supreme Being, or familiar in- 
tercourse with him. 2. Heat of imagination ; violent pas- 
sion or excitement of the mind, in pursuit of some object, 
inspiring extravagant hope and confidence of success. 

EN-THu'SI-AST (en-thu'ze-ast), n. [Gr. evdovaiaares.] 1. 
One who imagines he has special or supernatural converse 
with God, or special communications from him. 2. One 
whose imagination is warmed ; one whose mind is highly 
excited with the love or in the pursuit of an object ; a per- 
son of ardent zeal. 3. One of elevated fancy or exalted 
ideas. Dryden. — Syn. Visionary ; fanatic ; devotee. 

t ENTHU-SI-ASTTC, n. An enthusiast.— Sir T. Herbert. 

ENTHU-SI-AST'IC, \a. 1. Filled with enthusiasm, or 

ENTHU-SI-AST'IC-AL, $ the conceit of special intercourse 
with God or revelations from him. 2. Highly excited in 
the pursuit of an object ; heated to animation. 3. Eleva- 
ted ; tinctured with enthusiasm. — Syn. Warm ; ardent ; 
zealous ; heated ; inflamed ; devoted ; visionary ; fanatical. 

ENTHU-SI-ASTIC-AL-LY, adv. With enthusiasm. 

ENTHY-ME-MATIC-AL, a. Pertaining to an enthymeme ; 
including an enthymeme. 

EN'THY-MEME, n. [Gr. evBvyfnixn.] In rhetoric, an argument 
consisting of only two propositionsfan antecedent and a 
consequent deduced from it. 

EN-TlCE', v. t. [Sp. atizar ; Fr. attiser.] 1. To incite or in- 
stigate, by exciting hope or desire ; to induce to sin ; to 
urge or lead astray. 2. To incite ; to allure. — Enfield ; 
[in a good sense.) — Syn. To allure; attract; decoy; tempt; 
seduce ; inveigle ; persuade ; induce ; prevail on. 

ENTICED' (en-tlstf), pp. Incited; instigated to evil; se- 
duced by promises or persuasions ; persuaded ; allured. 

EN-TlCE'MENT, n. 1. The act or practice of inciting to 
evil. 2. Means of inciting to evil ; that which seduces by 
exciting the passions.— Syn. Instigation; allurement; at- 
traction ; seduction ; blandishment ; temptation ; wile ; 
decoy. 

EN-TlC'ER, n. One who entices ; one who incites or insti- 
gates t*3 evil ; one who seduces. 
ENTICING, ppr. 1. Inciting to evil ; urging to sin by mo- 
tives, flattery, or persuasion ; alluring. 2. a. Having the 
qualities that entice or allure. 
EN-TlC'ING-LY, adv. Charmingly ; in a winning manner. 
f ENTIERTY, n. [Old Fr. enticrtie.) The whole.— Bacon. 



EN-TlRE', a. [Fr. entier ; Sp. entero ; Port, inteiro ; It. true- 
ro.] 1. Whole ; undivided ; unbroken ; complete in its 
parts. 2. Whole ; complete ; not participated with oth- 
ers ; as, entire sway. 3. Full ; complete ; comprising all 
requisites in itself. 4. Sincere ; hearty. 5. Firm ; solid ; 
sure ; fixed ; complete ; undisputed, as dominion. 6. Un- 
mingled ; unalloyed ; as, entire joy. 7. Wholly devoted ; 
firmly adherent ; faithful ; as, entire consecration. 8. Iu 
full strength ; unbroken. — 9. In botany, an entire stem is one 
without branches, or not divided. 

EN-TlRE'LY, adv. 1. Wholly ; completely ; fully. 2. In 
the whole ; without division. 3. With firm adherence or 
devotion ; faithfully. 

EN-TlRETSTESS, n. 1. Completeness ; fullness ; totality ; un- 
broken form or state. 2. Integrity ; wholeness of heart ; 
honesty. 

EN-TlRE'TY, n. Wholeness; completeness. — Blackstone 
2. The whole. — Bacon. 

EN'TITATI VE, a. Considered by itself. [This word, and 
en'titatively, rarely or never used.] 

EN-Tl'TLE, v. t. [Fr. intituler.] 1. To give a title to ; to 
give or prefix a name or appellation. 2. To superscribe 
or prefix as a title. Hence, as titles are evidences of claim 
or property, to give a claim to ; to give a right to demand 
or receive. 3. To assign or appropriate by giving a title. 
4. To qualify ; to give a claim by the possession of suita- 
ble qualifications. 5. To dignify by a title or honorable 
appellation. 6. To ascribe ; [obs.]— Syn. To name ; des- 
ignate ; denominate ; style ; characterize. 

EN-Tl'TL.ED, pp. Dignified or distinguished by a title ; hav- 
ing a claim. 

ENTITLING, ppr. Dignifying or distinguishing by a title ; 
giving a title ; giving a claim. 

ENTITY, n. [Low L. entitas.] 1. Being ; essence ; exist- 
ence. 2. A real being, or species of being. 

EN-TOIL', v. t. To take with toils ; to ensnare. 

t EN-TO-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. tvro\ia and ypatyrj.] A 
discourse or treatise on insects ; entomology. 

ENTOMB' (en-toom'), v. t. 1. To deposit in a tomb, as a 
dead body. 2. To bury in a grave ; to inter. 

ENTOMBjED' (en-toomd'), pp. or a. Deposited in a tomb 
buried. 

ENT5MBTNG, ppr. Depositing in a tomb ; burying. 

EN-T5MB'MENT, n. Burial.- Barrow. 

ENTOM'IC, a. Relating to insects. 

EN'TO-MOID, a. [Gr. evro^os and eiSoS-] Like an insect. 

EN-TOM'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. evroyta and XiOoi.] A petrified in- 
sect. 

EN-TO-MO-LOAIC-AL, a. Pertaining to the science of in- 

EN-TO-MO-L06'I€-AL-LY, adv. In an entomological man- 
ner. 
ENTO-MOL'0-6IST, n. One versed in the science of in- 

EN-TO-MOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. evrofia and \oyoS-] That part of 
zoology which treats of insects ; the science or natural 
history and description of insects. 

ENTO-MOSTOM'ATA, h. pi. [Gr. evrojios and oTO/xa.] In 
zoology, a family of mollusca, mostly marine. 

EN-TO-MOS'TRA-€AN, n. A crustacean belonging to Cu- 
vier's second division. 

EN-TO-MOS'TRA-€OUS, a. Belonging to the entromostra- 
cans. — Buckland. 

ENTON'IC, a. [Gr. zv and rovng-] Relating to phlogistic 
diathesis, or a morbid increase or vital power and strength 
of action in the circulating system. 

EN-TOR-TI-La'TION, n. [Fr. entortillement.) A turning 
into a circle. — Donne. 

EN-TO-Zo'ON, w. ; jjZ.Entozoa. [Gr. evros and l,u)ov.] An in- 
testinal worm ; an animal living in some parts of another 
animal, as in the eye, or the flesh. 

EN'TRAIL, n. s., ) [Fr. entrailles.) 1. The internal parts 

ENTRAILS, n.pl., 5 of animal bodies; the bowels; [used 
chiefly in the plural] 2. The internal parts, as of the 
earth. 

t EN-TRIIL', v. t. [It. intralciare.) To interweave ; to di- 
versify. 

EN-TRAM'MEL, v. t. To entangle ; to trammel.— Hacket. 

EN-TRAM'MELED, a. Curled ; frizzled. 

EN-TRAM'MEL-ING, ppr. Trammeling; confining. 

ENTRANCE, n. [L. intrans.J 1. The act of entering into 
a place. 2. The power of entering. 3. The door, gate 
passage, or avenue by which a place may be entered. 4. 
Commencement ; initiation ; beginning, as of fife. 5. The 
act of taking possession, as of land. 6. The act of taking 
possession, as of an office. 7. The act of entering a ship 
or goods at the custom-house. 8. The beginning of any- 
thing ; as, the entrance of a discourse. 

ENTRANCE', v. t. or i. [from transe, Fr.] 1. To put in a 
trance ; to withdraw the soul, and leave the body in a 
kind of dead sleep or insensibility. 2. To put in an ecsta 
sy ; to ravish the soul with delight or wonder. 

ENTRANCED' (en-transf), pp. or a. Put in a trance ; hov 



DO VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS. V as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ENU 



360 



EJNV 



ing the soul withdrawn, and the body left in a state of in- 
sensibility ; enraptured ; ravished. 

EN-TRaNCTNG, ppr. Carrying away the soul ; enraptur- 
ing; ravishina 

EN-TRaNCE'MENT, n. A state of trance or ecstasy.— Rich. 
Diet. 

EN-TRAP', v. t. [Fr. attrapcr.] To catch, as in a trap ; to 
catch by artifices ; to involve in difficulties or distresses ; 
to catch or involve in contradictions. — Syn. To insnare ; 
entangle ; decoy ; implicate. 

EN-TRAPP.ED' (en-trapf), pp. Insnared ; entangled. 

EN-TRAP'PING, ppr. Insnaring; involving in difficulties. 

EN-TReAT, v. t. [Fr. en and traiter.] 1. To ask earnestly ; 
to petition or pray with urgency. 2. To prevail on by 
prayer or solicitation ; to yield to entreaty ; [used in the 
passive ; as, to be entreated, or prevailed on.] 3. To treat, in 
any manner ; properly, to use or manage. Entreat is al- 
ways applied to persons, as treat is to persons or things. 
4. To entertain ; to amuse ; [obs.] 5. To entertain ; to re- 
ceive ; [obs.] — Syn. Beg ; crave ; solicit ; beseech ; sup- 
plicate ; importune ; implore. 

EN-TReAT, v. i. 1. To make an earnest petition or re- 
quest. 2. To offer a treaty ; [not used.] 3. To treat ; to 
discourse ; [not used.] 

EN-TReAT'A-BLE, a. That may be entreated, or is soon 
entreated. 

t EN-TReAT'ANCE, n. Entreaty ; solicitation. 

EN-TReAT'ED, pp. 1. Earnestly supplicated, besought, or 
solicited ; importuned ; urgently requested. 2. Prevailed 
on by urgent solicitation ; consenting to grant what is de- 
sired._ 3. Used; managed; [obs.] 

EN-TReAT'ER, v. One who entreats or asks earnestly. 

EN-TReATING, ppr. 1. Earnestly asking; pressing with 
request or prayer; importuning. 2. Treating; using; [obs.] 

EN-TReATING-LY, adv. In an entreating manner. 

EN-TReAT'iVE, a. Pleading; treating.— Brewer. 

EN-TReATY, n. Urgent prayer ; earnest petition.— Syn. 
Solicitatioti ; request; suit; supplication; importunity. 

EN-TREE' (ang-tra'), n. [Fr.] 1. Literally, a coming in, or 
entry. 2. Freedom of access ; as, the entree of a house. 
3. A course of dishes. 

EN-TREMETS' (ang-tr-ma'), n. [Fr.] A term applied to 
small plates, or dainty dishes, set between the principal 
dishes at table.- -Mortimer. 

EN'TRE iVoC/5 (ang'tr-noo). [Fr.] Between ourselves. 

EN-TRE-POT' (ang-tr-po'), n. [Fr.] A warehouse or mag- 
azine, for the deposit of goods ; applied in France and 
some other countries to a building or place where goods 
from abroad may be deposited, and from whence they 
may be withdrawn for exportation to another country, 
without paying duty. 

\ EN-TRJ€K' ± v. t. To trick ; to deceive ; to entangle. 

EN'TRO-GHlTE, n. [Gr. rpoxoS-] A term applied to sepa- 
rate joints of the stem of an encrinite. See Encrinite. 

ENTRY, n. [Fr. entree.] 1. The passage by which persons 
enter a house or other building. 2. The act of entering ; 
entrance ; ingress. 3. The act of entering and taking pos- 
session of lands or other estate. 4. The act of committing. 
to writing, or of recording in a book. 5. The exhibition 
or depositing of a ship's papers at the custom-house, to 
procure license to land goods. 

EN-TuNE', v. t. To tune.— Chaucer. 

EN-TuNED' (en-tund), pp. Tuned ; chanted. 

EN-TuNING, ppr. Tuning; chanting. 

EN-TWlNE', v. t. To twine ; to twist round. 

EN-TWINED', pp. Twisted. 

EN-TWlNE'MENT, n. A twisting round; union.— Hacket. 

EN-TWlN'lNG, ppr. Twisting round. 

EN-TWIST', v. t. To twist or wreath round. 

EN-TWIST'ED, pp. Twisted together. 

EN- TWISTING, ppr. Twisting together. 

\ E-Nu'BI-LaTE, v. t. [L. e and nubila.] To clear from mist, 
clouds, or obsCTirity. 

E-NtJ'Bl-LOUS, a. Clear from fog, mist, or clouds. 

E-Ne'€LE-aTE, v. t. [L. enucleo.] 1. To clear from knots 
or lumps ; to clear from intricacy ; to disentangle. 2. To 
open as a nucleus ; hence, to explain ; to clear from ob- 
scurity ; to make manifest. 

E-Nu'€LE-A-TED, pp. Cleared from knots ; explained. 

E-Nu'CLE-a-TING, ppr. Clearing from knots ; explaining. 

E-NU-CLE-ITION, n. 1. The act of clearing from knots ; 
a disentangling. 2. Explanation ; full exposition. 

E-Nu'MER-aTE, v. t. [L. enumero.] To count or tell, num- 
ber by number ; to reckon or mention a number of things, 
each separately. 

E-Nu'MER-A-TED, pp. Counted or told, number by num- 
ber ; reckoned o>r mentioned by distinct particulars. 

E-Nu'MER-A-TING, ppr. Counting or reckoning any num- 
ber, by the particulars which compose it. 
E-NU-MER-A'TION, n. [L. enumcratio. ] 1. The act of 
counting or telling a number, by naming each particular. 
2. An account of a number of things, in which mention is 
made of every particular article. — 3. In rhetoric, a part of 



a peroration, in which the orator recapitulates the princi- 
pal points or heads of the discourse or argument. 

E-NU'MER-A-TIVE, a. Counting; reckoning up. 

E-NUN'CIaTE, v. t. [L. enuncio.] To utter; to declare; to 
proclaim ; to relate.— Bp. Barlow. 

E-NUN'CIa-TED, pp. Uttered ; declared ; pronounced. 

E-NUN'CIa-TING, ppr. Uttering ; declaring ; pronouncing 

E-NUN-CI-A'TION, n. 1. The act of uttering or pronounc- 
ing ; expression. 2. Manner of uttering articulate sounds. 
3. Declaration; open proclamation ; public attestation. 4 
Intelligence ; information. 

E-NUN'CIA-TIVE, a. Pertaining to enunciation ; declarative. 

E-NUN'CIA-TIVE-LY, adv. Declaratively. 

E-NUN'CIA-TO-RY, a. Containing utterance or sound. 

EN-VAS'SAL, v. t. 1. To reduce to vassalage. 2. To maJie 
over to another as a slave. — More. 

EN-VAS'SALJSD, pp. Enslaved. 

EN-VAS'SAL-ING, ppr. Reducing to slavery. 

EN-VEL'OP, v. t. [Fr. cnvelopper.] 1. To cover by wrapping 

or folding ; to in wrap. 2. To surround entirely ; to cover 

on all sides ; to hide. 3. To line : to cover on the inside. 

:l EN'VEL-oPE, \n. [Fr.] (The French pronunciation, ang- 

EN-VEL'OP, > ■oel-ope', is still common. Walker says it 
ought to be pronounced like the verb ; and, hence, envelop 
would be the preferable orthography.) 1. A wrapper ; a 
cover ; an investing integument. — 2. In botany, one of the 
parts of fructification surrounding the stamens and pistils. 
— 3. In fortification, a mound of earth raised to cover some 
weak part of the works. Brande. — 4. The envelope of a 
comet (sometimes called the coma) is a dense nebulous 
covering, which frequently renders the edge of the nu- 
cleus or body indistinct. — D. Olmsted. 

EN-VEL'OPi?D (en-vel'opt), pp. Inwrapped ; covered on 
all sides ; surrounded on all sides ; inclosed. , 

EN-VEL'OP-ING, ppr. Inwrapping; folding around ; cover- 
ing or surrounding on all sides, as a case or integument. 

EN-VEL'OP-MENT, n. A wrapping ; an inclosing or cover- 
ing on all sides. 

EN-VEN'OM, v. t. 1. To poison ; to taint or impregnate 
with venom, or any substance noxious to life ; [applied to 
things.] 2. To taint with bitterness or malice. 3. To 
make odious. 4. To enrage ; to exasperate. 

EN-VENOM.ED, pp. or a. " Tainted or impregnated with 
venom or poison ; imbittered ; exasperated. 

EN-VEN'OM-ING, ppr. Tainting with venom ; poisoning , 
imbittering ; enraging. 

EN-VER'MEIL, v. t. [Fr. vermeil] To dye red.— Milton. 

EN'VI-A-BLE, a. That may excite envy ; capable of awak 
ening ardent desire of possession. 

EN'VT-A-BLY, adv. In an enviable manner. 

EN'VIiSD, pp. or a. Subjected to envy. 

EN'VI-ER, n. One who envies another. 

EN'VI-OUS, a. [Fr. envieux.] Feeling or harboring envy , 
repining or feeling uneasiness at a view of the excellence, 
prosperity, or happiness of another. 2. Tinctured with 
envy, as feelings. 3. Excited or directed by envy, as 
remarks. 

EN'VI-OUS-LY, adv. With envy ; with malignity excited 
by the excellence or prosperity of another. 

EN'Vl-OUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being envious. 

EN-Vi'R.ON, v. t. [Fr. environner.] 1. To surround; to en- 
compass ; to encircle. 2. To involve ; to envelop. 3. To 
besiege. 4. To inclose ; to invest. 

EN-Vi'RON£D, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; besieged ; 
involved; invested. 

EN-Vl'RON-ING, ppr. Surrounding; encircling; besieging; 
inclosing ; involving ; investing. 

EN-Vi'RON-MENT, n. A surrounding or being surrounded. 

* EN-VT'RONS or EN'VI-RONS, n. pi. The parts or places 
which surround another place, or lie in its neighborhood 
on different sides. 

EN'VOY, n. [Fr. envfye.] 1. A person next in rank to an 
embassador, deputed by a prince or government to nego- 
tiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a foreign 
prince or government. 2. A common messenger ; [obs.] 
3. [Fr. envoi.] Formerly, a postscript sent with composi 
tions to introduce or enforce them. 

EN'VOY-SHIP, n. The office of an envoy.— Coventry. 

EN'VY, v. t. [Fr. envier.] 1. To feel uneasiness, mortifica- 
tion, or discontent at the sight of superior excellence, rep- 
utation, or hajDpiness enjoyed by another ; to repine at 
another's prosperity. 2. To grudge ; to withhold mali- 
ciously. 

EN'VY, n. 1. Pain ; uneasiness, mortificatio-i, or discontent 
excited by the sight of another's superiority or success, 
accompanied with some degree of hatred or malignity. — 
Emulation differs from envy in not beiug accompanied 
with hatred and a desire to depress a more fortunate per 
son. 2. Rivalry ; competition ; [ little usud. ] 3. Malice 
malignity. 4. Public odium; ill repute; invidiousness. 

EN'VY-ING, ppr. Feeling uneasiness at the superior condi 
tion and happiness of another. 

EN'VY-ING, n. 1. Mortification experienced at the sup 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



EPH 



361 



EP1 



posed prosperity and happiness of another. 2. Ill-will at 
others, on account of some supposed superiority. — Gal., 
v., 21. 

EN-WAL'LoWiSD, a. Being wallowed or wallowing. 

EN-WHEEL', v. t. [from wheel.] To encircle.— Shah. 

i EN-WiD'jEN, v. t. [from wide.] To make wider. 

EN-WOMB' (en-woom'), v. t. 1. To make pregnant; [obs.] 
2. To bury ; to hide as in a gulf, pit, or cavern. 

EN-W0MB.EI)' (en-woomd'„ pp. Impregnated ; buried in 
a deep gulf or cavern. 

EN-WRAP' (en-rap'), v. t. To envelop. See Inwrap. 

EN-WRAP'MENT, n. A covering ; a wrapper. 

EN- WREATHED'. See Inweeathed. 

£'0-CeNE, a. [Gr. ew? and kuivoS.] In geology, a term ap- 
plied to the earlier tertiary deposits, in which are a few 
organic remains of existing species of animals. — Lyell. 

E-O'LI-AN, )a. Pertaining to iEolia or iEolis, in Asia Mi- 

E-OL'I€, > nor > inhabited by Greeks. — Eolian lyre or 
harp is a simple stringed instrument that sounds by the 
impulse of air, namedl'rom AEolus, the deity of the winds. 

E-O'LI-AN AT-TACH'MENT, n. A contrivance attached to 
a piano-forte, by which a stream of air can be thrown on 
the strings, which greatly increases the volume of sound. 

E-OL'I-PlLE, n. [L. JEolus and pila.] A hollow ball of 
metal, with a pipe or slender neck having a small orifice, 
used in experiments with steam. 

E'ON, n. [Gr. anov.j In the Platonic philosophy, virtue, at 
tribute, or perfection existing from eternity. The Gnostics 
considered the eons as emanations from the Deity, having 
divine attributes. 

EP'I ( f£b- £m -] m composition, usually signifies on. 
E'PACT, n. [Gr. rnaKros.] In chronology, a term denoting 
the moon's age at the end of the year, or the number of 
days by which the last new moon has preceded the be- 
ginning of the year. — Brande. 
EP-AN-A-DIP-LO'SIS, n. [Gr.] Repetition; a figure of 
speech by which a sentence is made to begin and end with 
the same word. — Buchanan. 
EP-AN-A-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr.] Resumption ; a figure of rhet- 
oric, by which the same word is repeated in resuming the 
subject after a long parenthesis, &c. — Buchanan. 
EP-AN'O-DOS, n. [Gr.] A rhetorical figure, when a sen- 
tence or member is inverted or repeated backward. 
EP-AN-OR-THO'SIS, n. [Gr.l A figure of rhetoric, in which 
a speaker recalls what he has said for the sake of making 
it stronger. 
EP'aRCH, n. [Gr. £Ttapx»S-] The governor or prefect of a 

province. — Ash. 
EP'aRCH- Y, n. [Gr. ezap\ia.] A province, prefecture, or 

territory under the jurisdiction of an eparch. 
EP-AULE', n. [Fr.] The shoulder of a bastion.— Brande. 
EP-AULE'MENT, n. [from Fr. epaule.] In fortification, a 
side-work, or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions, 
fascines, or bags of earth. 
EP'AU-LET, n. [Fr. epaulette.] A shoulder-piece ; an orna- 
mental badge worn on the shoulder by military men. 
EP-E-NETTG, a. [Gr. eTraivnnicoS-] Laudatory ; bestowing 

praise. — Phillips. 
E-PEN'THE-SIS, n. [Gr. etnvdeai?.] The insertion of a 
letter or syllable in the middle of a word, as alituum for 
alitum. 
EP-EN-THET'I€, a. Inserted in the middle of a word. 
E-PERGNE' (a-pam'), n. An ornamental stand for a large 

dish in the center of a table. — Smart. 
EP-EX-E-OETIC-AL, a. Explanatory of that which imme- 
diately precedes. — Gibbs. 
ETHA (e'fa), n. [Heb. MEIX.] A Hebrew measure, equal, ac- 
cording to Josephus, to the Attic medimnus, or about 1 1-2 
(more exactly, 1 4-9) bushel English. — Robinson's Gesenius. 
E-PHEM'E-RA (e-fem'e-ra), n. [L.] 1. A fever of one day's 
continuance only. 2. The day-fly, or May-fly, a genus of 
insects ; strictly, a fly that fives one day only ; but the word 
is applied also to insects that are very short-lived. 
E-PHEM'E-RAL, ^ a. 1. Diurnal ; beginning and ending 
E-PHEM'E-RI€, \ in a day ; continuing or existing one 
E-PHEM'E-ROUS, ) day only. 2. Short-lived : existing or 
continuing for a short time only. [Ephemeral is generally 
used. Ephemerous is not analogically formed.] 
E-PHEM'E-RIS, n. ; pi. Eph-e-mer'i-des. [Gr. ecfrypiepiS.] 1. 
A journal, or account of daily transactions ; a diary. — 2. In 
astronomy, an account of the daily state or positions of the 
planets or heavenly orbs ; a table, or collection of tables, 
exhibiting the places of the planets every day at noon. 
E-PHEM'E-"RIST, n. One who studies the daily motions 

and positions of the planets ; an astrologer. 
E-PHEM'E-RON, n. The being of a day. 
E-PHEM'E-RON-WORM, n. A worm that fives one day 

only. — Derham. 
E-PHe'SIAN, (e-fe'zhan), a. Pertaining to Ephesus in Asia 
Minor. — As a noun, a native of Ephesus. Hence, one of 
dissolute life. — Shak. 
EP"H-I-AL'TeS,?i. [Gr.] The night-mare. 



* EPH'OD (ef'od), n. [Heb. ~p£X.] In Jewish antiquity, a 
part of the sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle. 

EPH'OR, n. ; pi. Ephors or Ephori. [Gr. efopog.] In an- 
cient Sparta, a magistrate chosen by the people to check 
the power of the king. They were five in number. 

EPH'OR-AL-TY, n. the office, or term of office, of an 
ephor. 

EP'IC, a. [L. epicus.] Narrative ; containing narration ; re- 
hearsing. An epic poem, otherwise called heroic, is a poem 
which narrates a story, real or fictitious, or in part both, 
representing, in an elevated style, some signal action or 
series of actions and events, usually the achievements of 
some distinguished hero. 

EP'IC, n. An epic poem. 

EP'I-CIRP, n. [Gr. em and /tap-rms-] In botany, the outer 
coating of the pericarp. — Lindley. 

EP'1-CeDE, n. [Gr. emKntitoS.] A funeral song or discourse 

EP-I-Ce'DI-AL, a. Epicedian ; elegiac. 

EP-I-Ce'DI-AN, a. Elegiac ; mournful. 

EP-I-Ce'DI-UM, n. An elegy. 

EP'I-CeNE, a. or n. [Gr. etwcolvoS.] Common to both sexes, 
A term applied to such nouns as have only one form of 
gender, either the masculine or feminine, to indicate ani- 
mals of both sexes ; as (3ovS, bos, for the ox and cow. 

EP-I-CE-RAS'TI€, a. [from the Greek.] Lenient; assuaging. 

EP-1G-Te'TIAN (ep-ik-te'shan), a. Pertaining to the Stoic 
Epictetus. 

EP'I-CURE, n. [L. epicurus.] Properly, a follower of Epi- 
curus ; a man devoted to sensual enjoyments ; one who 
indulges in the luxuries of the table. — Syn. Voluptuary ; 
sensualist. 

* EP-I-CuTtE-AN or EP-I-€U-Re'AN, a. [L. Epicureus.] 1. 
Pertaining to Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher. 2. 
Luxurious ; given to luxury ; contributing to the luxuries 
of the table. 

* EP-I-€u'RE-AN or EP-I-CU-Re'AN, n. 1. A follower of 
Epicurus. 2. One given to the luxuries of the table. 

* EP-I-Cu'RE-AN-ISM, n. Attachment to the doctrines of 
Epicurus. — Harris. 

EP'I-CU-RISM, n. 1. Luxury ; sensual enjoyments ; indul- 
gence in gross pleasure ; voluptuousness. 2. The doc- 
trines of Epicurus. 
EP'I-€U-RiZE, v. i. 1. To feed or indulge like an epicure ; 
to riot ; to feast. 2. To profess the doctrines of Epicurus. 
EP'I-CY-€LE, n. [Gr. em and kvk^oS.] In the Ptolemaic as- 
tronomy, a little circle revolving while its center moves 
round in the circumference of a greater, called the deferent. 

EP-I-C'Y'GLOID, n. [Gr. traKVK\otthr\s.] In geometry, a curve 
generated by any point in the plane of a movable circle, 
which rolls on the inside or outside of the circumference 
of a fixed circle. 

EP-I-CY-CLOID'AL, a. Pertaining to or like the epicy- 
cloid. 

EP-I-DEM'I€, }a. [Gr. em and Snfios.] 1. Common to 

EP-I-DEM'I€-AL, 3 many people. An epidemic disease is 
one which is not dependent on any local cause, but seizes 
a great number of people at the same time or in the same 
season. — 2. Figuratively, generally prevailing; affecting 
great numbers ; as, epidemic fury. 

EP-I-DEM'I€, n. A disease generally prevailing, but not de- 
pendent on any local cause. 

EP-I-DEM'IG-AL-LY, adv. In an epidemical manner. 

EP'I-DEM-Y, n. An epidemical disease. — Rich. Die. 

EP-I-DERM'IC, \ a. Pertaining to or like the epidermis 

EP-I-DERM'I-DAL, j dbvering the skin or bark. 

EP-I-DERM'IS, n. [Gr. e~i5zpixii.] The cuticle or scarf-skin 
of the body ; a thin membrane covering either the skin of 
animals or the bark of plants. 

EP-I-DI€T'I€, a. [Gr. emhiK-iKoi.] That explains, exhibits, 
or lays open : applied by the Greeks to a kind of oratory, 
called, bv the Latins, demonstrative. — Brougham. 

EP'I-DOTE, n. [from Gr. emdiSioni.] A partially transpa- 
rent mineral, of a green or gray color, and vitreous lustre, 
often crystallized. It consists of silica, alumina, lime, and 
oxyd of iron or manganese. — Dana. 

EP-I-DOTIG, a. Pertaining to epidote, or containing it 

EP-I-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr. em and yaarrjp.] Pertaining to the 
upper and anterior part of the abdomen. 

|pdll'UM.S &ePEBIGEE - 

EP'I-gENE, a. [Gr. em and yivovai.) In geology, formed oi 
originating on the surface of the earth, and opposed to hy 
pogene : as, epigene rocks. [This word was formerly used 
in "crystallography to denote forms of crystals not natural 
to the substances m which they are found.] 

EP-I-GE'OUS, a. In botany, growing close upon the earth. 

EP-I-GLOTTIC, a. Belonging to the epiglottis. 

EP-I-GLOT'TIS, n. [Gr. c-l)Xu}ttiS.] In anatomy, one of 
the cartilages of the laiynx, whose use is to protect tha 
glottis when food or drink is passing into the stomach. 

EPTGRAM, n. [Gr. t~iyp i^.t.l A short poem treating only 
of one thing, and ending with some lively, ingenious, ana 
natural thought. 



DOVE ;- BULL, tJNITE ;— A N"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, \pbsolete. 



EPI 



362 



EPI 



EP-I-GRAM-MATTG \a. 1. Writing epigrams , dealing 

EP-I-GRAM-MAT'IG-AL, j in epigrams. 2. Suitable to ep- 
igrams ; belonging to epigrams ; like an epigram ; concise ; 
pointed ; poignant. 

EP-I-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. One who composes epigrams, or 
deals in them. 

EP'I-GRAPH (ep'e-graf), n. [Gr. cmyptMJ)?}.] 1. Among an- 
tiquaries, an inscription on a building. — 2. In literature, a 
citation from some author, or a sentence framed for the 
purpose, placed at the commencement of a work, or of its 
separate divisions ; a motto. — Brande. 

E-PId'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. Em and yvvrj.] In botany, a term used 
when the stamens are united with the surface of the calyx 
and of the ovary. — Lindley. [Obs.] 

EP'I-LEP-SY, n. [Gr. EmXrjfia.] The falling sickness, so 
called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground ; a 
disease characterized by spasms or convulsions and loss 
of sense. 

EP-I LEPTIC, a. Pertaining to the falling sickness ; affect- 
ed with epilepsy ; consisting of epilepsy. 

EP-I-LEPTIC, n. One affected with epilepsy. 

EP-I-LEPTIG-AL, a. Convulsed; disordered as by an ep- 
ilepsy. 

E-PIL/0-6ISM, n. [Gr. ErnXoyiaixos.] Computation ; enu- 
meration . — Gregory. 

EP-I-LO-GISTIG, a. Pertaining to epilogue ; of the nature 
of an epilogue. 

EP'I-LOGUE (ep'e-log) n. [L. epilogus.] 1. In oratory, a 
conclusion ; the closing part of a discourse, in which the 
principal matters are recapitulated. — 2. In the drama, a 
speech or short poem addressed to the spectators by one 
of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. 

FP'I I O 6I7F ' \ v ' ** ^~° P ronounce an epilogue. 

EP'I-LO-GUlZE, v. t. To add to, in the manner of an epi- 
logue. 

f EP-I-Nl"CION (ep-e-nish'un), n. [Gr. EmviKiov.] A song of 
triumph. — Warton. 

EP-I-NYCTIS, n. [Gr. £7n and vv\, vvktos, night.] An angry 
pustule, appearing in the night. 

EP-I-PE-DOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. em, novs, and fiErpov.] The 
mensuration of figures standing on the same base. — 
Kuowles. [Not used.] 

E-PIPH'A-NY (e-pif'a-ne), n. [Gr. Em<paveia.] A church fes- 
tival celebrated on the 6th day of January, the 12th day 
after Christmas, in commemoration of the appearance of 
our Savior to the magians or philosophers of the East, 
who came to adore him with presents. 

EP-I-PHO-Ne'MA, n. [Gr. £m<pu>vriiAa.] In oratory, an ex- 
clamatory sentence or striking reflection. 

E-PIPH'O-RA (e-pif'o-ra), n. [Gr. Em and </>£/>w.] 1. The 
watery eye ; a disease in which the tears accumulate. — 2. 
In rhetoric, the emphatic repetition of a word or phrase at 
the end of several sentences or stanzas. 

EP-I-PHYL-LO-SPERM'OUS,a. [Gr. £7 r(,0u>Xoi/,and(T7T£/)/ia.] 
In botany, bearing their seeds on the back of the leaves, as 
ferns. 

E-PIPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. Em and <pv\Xoi>.) In botany, in- 
serted upon the leaf. 

E-PIPH'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. £m<pvais-] Accretion ; the natural 
growing of one bone to another by simple contiguity. 

E-PIPH'Y-TAL, a. Pertaining to an epiphyte. 

EP1-PHYTE, n. [Gr. sm and <pvrov.] A plant which grows 
on other plants, but does not penetrate their substance, 
nor absorb their juices. 

EP-I-PHYTTC, a. Having the nature of an epiphyte. 

EP-I-PLEXIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, a -figure in which the 
speaker endeavors to convince and move by a gentle up- 
braiding. 

E-PIP'LO-CE, n. [Gr. EmnXoKr).] A figure of rhetoric, by 
which one aggravation or striking circumstance is added 
in due gradation to another. 

E-PIP'LO-CELE, n. [Gr. £mtr\oK7j\ri.] A hernia or rupture 
formed by protrusion of the caul or omentum. 

EP-I-PLoTC, a. [Gr. Emir'Xoov.] Pertaining to the caul or 
omentum. 

E-PIP'LO-ON, n. [Gr. £mm\oov.] The caul or omentum. 

E-PIS'CO-PA-CY, n. [L. episcopatus.] Literally, oversight, 
or careful inspection ; applied particularly to the govern- 
ment of the church by bishops or prelates. 

E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. 1. Belonging to or vested in bishops or 
prelates. 2. Governed bv bishops. 

E-PIS-CO-PI'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to bishops or govern- 
ment by bishops ; episcopal. 

E-PIS-€0-PI'LI-AN, n. One who be.v/ngs to an episcopal 
church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church gov- 
ernment and discipline. 
E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN-ISM, n. The system of episcopal relig- 
ion, or government of the church by bishops. — Bacon. 
E-PIS'€0-PAL-LY, adv. By episcopal authority ; in an epis- 
copal manner. 
E-PIS'€0-PATE, n. 1. A bishopric ; the office and dignity 
of a bishop. 2. The order of bishops. 



E-PIS'CO-PaTE, v. i. To act as a bishop •, to fill the office 
of a prelate. — Milner. 

E-PIS'GO-PY, n. Survey; superintendence; search. 

EP'I-SoDE, n. [Gr. EmauySrj.] In poetry, a sepai ate incident, 
story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a 
greater variety to the events related in the poem ; an in 
cidental narrative, or digression. 

EP-I-SOD'IC, ) a. Pertaining to an episode ; contained 

EP-I-SOD'IG-AL, 5 in an episode or digression. 

EP-I-SOD'IC-AL-LY, adv. By way of episode.— Scott. 

EP-I-SPASTIC, a. [Gr. emamiariKa.] In medicine, drawing; 
attracting the humors to the skin ; exciting action in the 
skin ; blistering. 

EP-I-SPAS'TI€, n. An article which, by topical and exter- 
nal application, produces inflammation and vesication, us 
a blister. 

EP'I-SPERM, n. [Gr. Em and cmp/xa.] The outer integu- 
ment of a seed. 

EP-I-STIL'BlTE, n. A mineral, white and translucent, com- 
posed of silica, alumina, lime, and water, with some soda. 

E-PIS'TLE (e-pisl), n, [L. epistola, Gr. Emaro\r].] A writ- 
ing, sent, communicating intelligence to a distant person , 
a letter ; a letter missive. 

E-PIS'TLER, n. 1. A writer of epistles ; [little used.]— 2. 
Formerly, one who attended the communion-table, and read 
the epistles. 

E-PIS'TO-LA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to epistles or letters ; 
suitable to letters and correspondence ; familiar. 2. Con- 
tained in letters. 

EP-IS-TOL'IC, \a. 1. Pertaining to letters or epistles. 

EP-IS-TOL'IC-AL, 5 2. Designating the method of repre- 
senting ideas by letters and words. 

E-PISTO-LlZE, v. i. To write epistles or letters. 

E-PISTO-LlZ-ER, n. A writer of epistles.— Howel. 

E-PIS-TO-LO-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing of 
Jitters 

E-PIS-TO-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. emaroXv and ypaQw.] The 
art or practice of writing letters. 

E-PIS'TRO-PHE, n. [Gr. Emarpo^r;.] A figure, in rhetoric, 
in which several successive sentences end with the same 
word or affirmation. 

EP'I-STyLE, n. [Gr. Em and crrvXog.] In ancient architect- 
ure, a term used by the Greeks for what is now called the 
architrave, a massive piece of stone or wood laid on the 
abacus of the capital of a column or pillar. 

EP'I-TAPH (ep'e-taf ), n. [Gr. Em and ra<pos.] 1. An inscrip- 
tion on a monument, in honor or memory of the dead. 2 
A eulogy, in prose or verse, composed without any intent 
to be engraven on a monument. 

EP-I-Ta'PHI-AN ) 

EP-I-TAPHTG ' \ °" P ertaulul o to an epitaph. — Milton. 

E-PIT'A-SIS, n. [Gr.] In the ancient drama, that part which 
embraces the main action of a play and leads on to the 
catastrophe; opposed to protasis. The term has some- 
times been applied to that part of an oration which is ad- 
dressed to the passions. — Buchanan. 

EP-I-THA-LA'MI-UM, > n. [Gr. Emda\a(Xiov.] A nuptial song 

EP-I-THAL'A-MY, J or poem in praise of the bride and 
bridegroom, and praying for their prosperity. 

EP'I-THEM, n. [Gr. emdriiia.] In pharmacy, any external 
application ; especially applied to liquids in which cloths 
are dipped and applied to a part. 

EP'I-THET, n. [Gr. Emdsrov.] An adjective expressing some 
real quality of the thing to which it is applied, or an attri- 
bute expressing some quality ascribed to it. [It is improper 
to use this word for title, name, or phrase, as is sometimes 
done.] 

EP'I-THET, v. t. To entitle ; to describe by epithets. 

EP-I-THETIG, a. 1. Pertaining to an epithet or epithets ; 
containing or consisting of epithets. 2. Abounding with 
epithets. 

EP-I-THU-MET'IG, \ a. [Gr. EmQvuvriKoS .] Inclined to 

EP-I-THU-MET'IG-AL, 5 lust ; pertaining to the anima. 
passion. — Brown. 

E-PITO-ME, n. [Gr. Emroixr,.] An abridgment; a brief 
summary or abstract of any book or writing ; a compend 
ium. 

E-PIT'O-MIST, n. An epitomizer. 

E-PIT'O-MlZE, v. t. 1. To shorten or abridge, as a writing 
or discourse; to abstract, in a summary, the principal 
matters of a book ; to contract into a narrower compass. 
2. To diminish; to curtail. — Syn. To abridge; reduce, 
curtail ; condense ; contract. 

E-PIT'OMlZ£D, pp. or a. Abridged ; shortened ; contracted 
into a smaller compass, as a book or writing. 

E-PITO-MlZ-ER, n. One who abridges ; a writer of an 
°pitome._ 

E-PIT'O-MlZ-ING, ppr. Abridging ; shortening ; making a 
summary. 

EP'I-TRTTE, n. [Gr. EmrpiToC,-] In prosody, a foot consist- 
ing of three long syllables and one short one ; as Incan 
tare. — Encyc. 

E-PIT'RO-PE, n. [Gr. Emrporrrj.] In rhetoric, concession ; a 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT,— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



EQU 



363 



EC£(j 



figure by which a thing is granted with a view to obtain 
an advantage. 

EP-I-ZEuX'IS, 7i. [Gr.] A figure, in rhetoric, in which a 
word is repeated with vehemence , as, You, you, Antony. 

EP-I-Zo'AN, n., \ [Gr. etti and vwoi/.] Terms applied to a 

EP-I-Zo'A, n. pi. I class of animals, usually vermiform, 
which live parasitically on other animals ; opposed to the 
entozoa. — Dana. 

EP-I-ZO-OT"I€, a. [Gr. nri and Cwov.] 1. Pertaining to the 
animals called epizoans. — 2. In. geology, an epithet formerly 
given to such mountains as contain fossil remains. 3. De- 
noting a disease among animals corresponding to epidem- 
ic among men. — Buchanan. 

EJP-I-ZS'O-TT, n. A murrain or pestilence among irrational 
animals. 

E PLV'RI-BUS tJ'XUM. [L.] One composed of many; 
the motto of the United States, consisting of many states 
confederated 

* EP'0€H, I n. [L. epocha.] 1. A fixed point of time, from 

EP'O-CHA, 3 which succeeding years are numbered ; a 
point from which computation of years begins. 2. Any 
fixed time or period; the period when any Thing begins, 
or is remarkably prevalent. — Syn. Time; period; era; 
date ; age. 

r EP'ODE, 7i. [Gr. ekuSv-] In lyric poetry, the third or last 
part of the ode ; that which follows the strophe and anti- 
strophe. [The word is now used as the name of any 
little verse or verses that follow one or more great ones.] 

EP-ODTC, a. Pertaining to or resembling an epode. 

EP-O-PEE' n. [Gr. ettuS and ttoiew.] An epic poem. More 
properly, the history, action, or fable, which makes the 
subject of an epic poem. 

EP'OS, n. [Gr. e-oS-] An epic poem, or its fable or subject. 

E-PR6U-VETTE' (a-proo-vef), n. In gunnery, a machine 
for proving the strength of gunpowder. 

EPSOM-SALT, n. The sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic. 

EP'U-LA-RY, a. [L. epularis^ Pertaining to a feast or ban- 
quet. — Bailey. 

EP-U-La'TION, ?2, [L. epulatio.] A feasting or feast. 

EP'U-LoSE, a. [L. epulum.] Feasting to excess. 

EP-U-LOS'I-TY, n. A feasting: to excess. 

EP-U-LOTTC, a. [Gr. etzovXwtiku.] Healing; cicatrizing. 

EP-U-LOTTC, n. A medicament or application which tends 
to dry, cicatrize, and heal wounds or ulcers, to repress 
fungous flesh, and dispose the parts to recover soundness. 

EP-U-Ra'TION, 7i. A purifying. [Bad.] 

E-QUA-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Equality in motion ; continued equal- 
ity, at all times, in velocity or movement ; uniformity. 2. 
Figuratively, continued equality ; evenness or uniformity, 
as of mind or temper. 

E'QUA-BLE, a. [L, aquabilis.] 1. Equal and uniform at all 
times, as motion. 2. Even; smooth; having a uniform 

_ surface or form. 

E'QUA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being equable. 

E'QUA-BLY, adv. With an equal or uniform motion ; with 

_ continued uniformity ; evenly. 

E'QUAL, a. [L. aqualis.] 1. Having the same magnitude or 
dimensions ; being of the same bulk or extent. ~2. Having 
the same value. 3. Having the same qualities or condi 
tion ; as, of equal density. 4. Having the same degree 
as of rapidity. 5. Even ; uniform ; not variable ; as tern 
per. 6. Being in just proportion. 7. Impartial; neutral 
not biased. 8. Indifferent; of the same interest or con^ 
cern. 9. Just ; equitable ; giving the same or similar rights 
or advantages. 10. Being on the same terms ; enjoying 
the same or similar benefits. 11. Adequate ; having com" 
petent power, ability, or means. — Syn. Even ; equable ; 
uniform ; adequate ; proportionate ; commensurate ; fair ; 

_ just : equitable. 

E'QUAL, 7i. One not inferior or superior to another; hav- 
ing the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, 

_ strength, &c. 

E'QUAL, v. t. 1. To make equal ; to make one thing of the 
same quantity, dimensions, or quality as another. 2. To 
raise to the same state, rank, or estimation with another ; 
to become equal to. 3. To be equal to. 4. To make 
equivalent to ; to recompense fully ; to answer in full 
proportion, o. To be of like excellence or beauty. 

E'QUAL£D. pp. Made equal. 

E'QUAL-I>*G, ppr. Making equal. 

E-QUAL'I-TY (e-quol'e-te), n. [L. aqualitas.] 1. An agree- 
ment of things in dimensions, quantity, or quality ; like- 
ness, similarity in regard to two things compared. 2. 
The same degree of dignity or claims. 3. Evenness ; uni- 
formity , sameness in state or continued course, as of 

_ temper. 4^ Evenness ; plainness ; uniformity, as of a road. 

E-QUAL-1-Za'TION, n. The act of equalizing, or state of 
being equalized. 

E'QUAL-IZE, v. t. To make equal. 

E'QUAL-lZ-ED, pp. Made equal ; reduced-to equality. 

K'QUAL-iZ-ING, ppr. Making equal. 

E'QUAL-LY, adv. 1. In the same degree with another : 
alike. 2. In equal shares or proportions. 3. Impartially ; 



with equal justice. [Equally should not be followed by as 
but by with.] 

E'QUAL-NESS, n. 1. Equality ; a state of being equal. 2 
Evenness ; uniformity. 

E-QUAN"GU-LAR (e-quang/gu-lar), a. [L. aquus and angu 
lus.] Consisting of equal angles ; equiangular. 

E-QUA-NDI'I-TY, n. [L. aquanimitas.] 1. Evenness of mind ; 
that calm temper or firmness of mind which is not easily 
elated or depressed. 

E-QUAN'I-MOUS, a. Of an even, composed frame of mind ; 

_ of a steady temper, not easily elated or depressed. 

E'QUANT, 7i. In the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, an imag- 
inary circle, used for regulating and adjusting certain mo- 
tions of the planets. 

E-QUa'TION (e-kwa'shun), n. [L. aquatio.] 1. Literally, a 
making equal, or an equal division. — 2. In algebra, a prop- 
osition asserting the equality of two quantities, and ex- 
pressed by the sign = between them ; or an expression of 
the same quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal val- 
ue, as 3s. = 36d. — 3. In astronomy, equation of time is the 
interval by which apparent time differs from mean time. 

E-QUa'TOPl, n. [L.] In astronomy and geography, a great 
circle of the sphere, equally distant from the two poles of 
the world, or having the same poles as the world. 

E-QUA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the equator. 

E-QUA-To'RI-AL, n. An astronomical instrument with a 
telescope, whose motion is on an axis parallel to the axis 
of the earth, so that when a celestial object is once within 
the field of view of the telescope, it continues constantly, 
while above the horizon, in the field.— D. Olmsted. 

E-QUA-To'RI-AL LY, adv. So as to have the motions of an 
equatorial. 

* e'QUE-RY (eTiwe-ry), 1 n. [Fr. ecuyer.] 1. An officer of 

E-QUER'RY (e-kweriy), 3 princes or nobles, who has the 
care of their horses. 2. A large stable or lodge for horses. 

E-QUES'TRI-AN, a. [L. equester.] 1. Pertaining to horses 
or horsemanship; performed with horses. 2. Being on 
horseback, as a lady. 3. Skilled in horsemanship. 4. 
Representing a person on horseback, as a statue. 5. Cele- 
brated by horse-races, as games. 6. Belonging to knights , 
as, the equestrian order. 

E-QUI-AN"GU-LAR, a. [L. aquus and angulus.] In geome- 
try, consisting of, or having equal angles. 

E-QUI-BAL'ANCE, n. [L. aquus an&bila)ix.] Equal weight. 

E-QUT-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To have equal weight with some- 
thing:. 

E-QUI-BAL'ANC£D (e-que-bal'anst), pp. Giving equal 
weight. 

E-QUI-BAL'ANC-ING, ppr. Having equal weight 

E-QUI-€RiJ'RAL, a. [L. aquus and crus.] 1. Having legs 
of equal length. 2. Having equal legs, but longer than 
the base ; isosceles, as a triangle. 

E-QUI-€RfJRE', a. The same as equicrural. 

E-QUI-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Having equal differences ; arith 
metically proportional. 

E-QUI-DIS'TANCE, n. Equal distance.— Hall. 

E-QUI-DIS'TANT, 71. Equal distance or remoteness. 

E-QUI-DIS'TANT, a. [L. aquus and distans.] Being at au 
equal distance from some point or thing:. 

E-QUI-DIS'TANT-LY, adv. At the same or an equal distance. 

E'QUI-FORM. a. Having the same form. — Humble. 

E-QUI-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. aquus and forma.] Uniform 
equality. — Brown. 

E-QUI-LATER-AL, a. [L. aquus and lateralis.] Having all 
the sides equaL 

E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A side exactly corresponding to 
others.— Herbert. 

E-QUI-Ll'BRITE, v. t. [L. aquus and libro.] To balance 
equally two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with 
equal weight on each side. 

E-QUI-Li'BRa-TED, pp. Balanced equally on both sides or 
ends. 

E-QUI-Li'BRa-TING, ppr. Balancing equally on both sides 
or ends. 

E-QUI-LI-BRa'TION, n. Equipoise ; the act of keeping tho 
balance even, or the state of being equally balanced. 

E-QUI-LIB'RI-OUS, a. Equally poised. 

E-QUI-LIBTJ-OUS-LY, adv. In equal poise. 

E-QUIL'I-BRIST, n. One who keeps his balance in unnatu- 
ral positions and hazardous movements; a balancer. 
Encyc. Am. 

E-QUI-LIB'RI-TY, n. [L. aquilibritas.] The state of being 
equally balanced; equal balance on both sides; equilibri- 
um. — Gregory. 

E-QLT-LIB'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. Equipoise : equality of weight 
or force ; a state of rest produced by the mutual counter- 
action of two or more forces. 2. A just poise or balance 
in respect to an object, so that it remains firm ; as, to pre- 
serve the equilibrium of the body. 3. Equal balancing of 
the mind between motives or reasons. — In equilibrio, in s 
state of equilibrium. 

E-QUI-MULTI-PLE, a. [L. aquus and multiplico.] A term 
applied to quantities multiplied by the same number. 



Vt> VE ;— BULL, UNITE ; AN"GEB, VI'CIOUS ;— € as K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



EQU 



364 



ERA 



E-QUI-MULTI-PLE, n. In mathematics, the product of a 
quantity multiplied by the same number as another quan- 

_ tit y.: 

E'QUlNE, ? a. [L. eguinus.] Pertaining to a horse ; de- 

E-QUl'NAL, 3 noting the horse kind. 

E-QUI-NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. Necessary or needful in the 
same degree. — Hudibras. 

E-QUI-NOCTIAL, a. [L. aquus and nox.] 1. Pertaining to 
the equinoxes; designating an equal length of day and 
night. 2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equi- 
noctial line or equator ; in or near that line. 3. Pertaining 
to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points ; 
as, the equinoctial gale. — Equinoctial flowers, flowers that 
open at a regular, stated hour. — Equinoctial points, the two 
points where the ecliptic and the equator intersect each 
other. — Equinoctial time is reckoned from a fixed instant 
common to all the world. 

E-QUI-NOCTIAL, n. In astronomy, the celestial equator ; 
the intersection of the plane of the equator with the con- 
cave surface of the heavens. 

E-QUI-NOC'TIAL-L Y, adv. In the direction of the equinox. 
— Brown. 

6'QUI-NOX, n. [L. aquus and nox.] The precise time when 
the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, making the 
day and the night of equal length. The sun enters the 
first point of Aries about the 21st of March, and the first 
point of Libra about the 23d of September. 

E-QUI-Nu'MER-ANT, a. [L. aquus and numerus.] Having 
or consisting of the same number. [Little used.] 

E-QUIP', v. t. [Fr. equiper.] 1 Properly, to dress ; to fur- 
nish ; as, to equip a person with a suit of clothes. Hence, 
2. To furnish with arms, or a complete suit of arms, for 
military service. 3. To furnish with men, artillery, and 
munitions of war, as a ship ; to fit for sea. 

EQ'UI-PAgE (ek'we-paje), n. 1. The furniture of a military 
man, particularly arms and their appendages. 2. The 
furniture of an army or a body of troops, infantry, or cav- 
alry. 3. The furniture of an armed ship, or the necessary 
preparations for a voyage. 4. Attendance, retinue, as 
persons, horses, carriages, &c. 5. Carriage of state, vehi- 
cle. 6. Accouterments ; habiliments ; ornamental furni- 
ture. 

EQ'UI-PAG_ED (ek'we-pajd), u. Furnished with equipage ; 
attended with a splendid retinue. — Cowper. 

E-QUI-PEN'DEN-CY, n. [L. aquus and pendeo.] The act of 
hanging in equipoise ; a being not inclined or determined 
either way. 

E-QUIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of equipping, or fitting for- a 
voyage or expedition. 2. Any titling that is used in equip- 
ping ; furniture ; habiliments ; vrarlike apparatus ; neces- 
saries for an expedition, or for a voyage. — 3. In civil engi- 
neering, the necessary adjuncts of a rail-road, as locomo- 

_ tives. cars, &c, are called equipments. 

E'QUI-POISE, n. [L. aquus, and Fr. poids.] Equality of 
weight or force ; equilibrium ; a state in which the two 
ends or sides of a thing are balanced. 

E-QUI-POL'LENCE, ) n. [L. aquus and pollentia.] 1. Equal- 

E-QUI-POL'LEN-CY, 5 ity of power or force.— 2. In logic, 
an equivalence between two or more propositions. 

E-QUI-POL'LENT, a. Having equal power or force ; equiv- 
alent. — In logic, having equivalent signification. 

E-QUI-POL'LENT-LY, adv. With equal power.— Harrow. 

E-QUI-PON'DER-ANCE, n. [L. aquus and pondus.] Equal- 
ity of weight ; equipoise. 

E-QUI-PON'DER-ANT, a. Being of the same weight. 

E-QUI-PON'DER-aTE, v. i. [L. aquus and ponder o.] To be 
equal in weight ; to weigh as much as another thing. 

E-QUI-PON'DI-OUS, a. Having equal weight on both sides. 
— Glauvi'Ue. 

E-Q.UIPP.ED' (e-quipf), pp. Furnished with habiliments, 
arms, and whatever is necessary for a military expedition, 
or for a voyage or cruise. 

E-QUIP'PING, ppr. Furnishing with habiliments or war- 
like apparatus; supplying with tilings necessary for a 
voyage. 

E-QUI-Ro'TAL, a. Having wheels of the same size or di- 
ameter^— Encyc. of Bom. Econ. 

EQ-UI-Se'TUM, n. ; pi. Equiseta. [L. equus, a horse, and 
seta, a bristle.] In botany, a genus of plants called horse- 
tail. — The cquisetum hyemale, known as the Dutch rush, or 
scouring rush, is much used for scouring and polishing. 

E-QUIS'O-NANCE, n. An equal sounding. 

EQ'UI-TA-BLE (ek'we-ta-bl), a. [Fr. equitable.] 1. Lqual in 
regard to the rights of persons ; distributing equal justice ; 
giving each his due ; assigning to one or more what law 
or justice demands. 2. Having the disposition to do jus- 
tice, or doing justice. 3. Held or exercised in equity, or 
with chancery powers; as, equitable jurisdiction. — Syn. 
Just ; fair ; reasonable ; right ; honest ; impartial ; candid ; 
upright. 

EQ'UI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being just. 2. 
Equity ; the state of doing justice, or distributing to each 
according to his legal or just claims. 



EQ'UI-TA-BLY (ek'we-ta-bly), adv. In an equitable m&nner 
justly; impartially. 

E-QUI-TAN-GEN'TIAL, a. In geometry, a term applied to 
a curve whose tangent is equal to a constant line. 

EQ'UI-TANT, a. [L. equitans.) In botany, a term denoting 
such a situation of unexpanded leaves in a leaf-bud thai 
they overlap each other entirely, and hi a parallel manner, 
without any involution. 

EQ-1/I-Ta.'TION, n. A riding on horseback. — Barrow. 

EQ'UI-TY (ek'we-te), n. [L. aquitas.] 1. The impartial dis- 
tribution of justice. 2. A just regard to right or claim. — 
3. In law, an equitable claim. — 4. In jurisprudence, the cor- 
rection or qualification of law, when too severe or defect- 
ive ; or the extension of the words of the law to cases not 
expressed, yet coming within the reason of the law. — 5. 
Equity of redemption, in law, the advantage, allowed to a 
mortgager, of a reasonable time to redeem lands mort- 
gaged. — Syn. Justice ; impartiality ; rectitude ; fairness - 
honesty ; uprightness. 

E-QUIV'A-LENCE, n. [L. aquus and valens.] 1. Equality 
of value ; equal value or worth. 2. Equal power or force. 

t E-QTJIV'A-LENCE, v. t. To be equal to.— Brown. 

E-QUIV'A-LENOED (e-quiv'a-lenst), pp. Equaled in weight, 
&c. 

E-QUIV'A-LENC-ING, ppr. Equaling in value, &c. 

E-QUIV'A-LENT, a. 1. Equal in value or worth. 2. Equal 
in force, power, or effect. 3. Equal in moral force, co- 
gency, or effect on the mind. 4. Of the same import or 
meaning. 5. Equal in excellence or moral worth. 

E-QUI V'A-LENT, n. 1. That which is equal in value, weight, 
dignity, or force, with something else. — 2. In chemistry, 
equivalent is the proportion expressing the weight, or 
quantity by weight, of any substance which combines 
with another substance, to make a definite compound; 
combining proportion. — 3. In geology, a term applied to 
strata of different regions which were cotemporaneous in 
origin. — Dana. 

E-QUI V'A-LENT-LY, adv. In an equal manner. 

E'QUI- VALVE, a. Having the valves equal in size and 

_ form ; a term applied to certain bivalve shells. 

E'QUI- VALVE, n. A bivalve in which the two valves are 
of equal size and form. 

t E-QUIVO-€A-CY, n. Equivocalness.— Brown. 

E-QUIV'O-CAL, a. [Low L. aquivocus.] 1. Being of doubt- 
ful signification ; that may be understood in different 
senses ; capable of a double interpretation , as, equivocal 
language. 2. Susceptible of different constructions ; not 
decided ; as, equivocal conduct. 3. Uncertain ; proceed- 
ing from some unknown cause, or not from the usual 
cause; as, the doctrine of equivocal generation. [This 
doctrine is now exploded.] — Syn. Ambiguous ; doubtful ; 
uncertain ; indeterminate. 

E-QUIV'O-CAL, n. A word or term of doubtful meaning, 
or capable of different meanings. 

E-QUIV'O-GAL-LY, adv. 1. Ambiguously ; in a doubtful 
sense ; in terms susceptible of different senses. 2. By un- 
certain birth ; by equivocal generation. 

E-QUIV'O-CAL-NESS, n. Ambiguity ; double meaning. 

E-QUIV'0-€aTE, v. i. [It. equivocare ; Fr. equivoquer.] To 
use words of a doubtful signification ; to express one's 
opinions in terms which admit of different senses ; to use 
ambiguous expressions with a view to mislead. — Syn. To 
prevaricate ; shuffle ; evade. 

E-QUIV'0-€aTE, v. t. To render capable of a double in- 
terpretation. 

E-QUIV'O-CI-TING, ppr. or a. Using ambiguous words or 
phrases. 

E-QUI V-0-€a'TION, n. The use of words or expressions 
that are susceptible of a double signification, with a view 
to mislead. — Syn. Prevarication ; shuffling ; evasion. 

E-QUIV'O-CI-TOR n. One who equivocates. 

E-QUIV'O-CA-TO-RY, a. Savoring of equivocation. 

EQ'UI-VoKE, \n. [Fr. equivoque.] 1. An ambiguous term. 

E'QUI-VoQUE, 5 2. Equivocation. 

E-QUIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. equus and voro.] Feeding or sub- 
sisting on horse flesh. — Quart. Rev. 

ER, the termination of many English words, is the Teutonic 
form of the Latin or ; the one contracted from wer, the 
other from vir, a man. It denotes an agent, originally of 
the masculine gender, but now applied to men or things 
indifferently ; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the 
end of names of places, er signifies a man of the place ; 

_ Londoner is the same as Londonman. ■ 

E'RA, n. [L. ara ; Fr. ere ; Sp. era.] 1. In chronology, a 
fixed point of time, from which any number of years is 
begun to be counted ; as, the Christian era. It differs from 
epoch in this : era is a point of time fixed by some nation 
or denomination of men; epoch is a point fixed by histo- 
rians and chronologists. 2. A succession of years pro 
ceeding from a fixed point, or comprehended between two 
fixed points. — Syn. Time; point; date; period; age. 

E-Ra'DI-aTE, v. i. [L. e and radio.] To shoot, as rays of 
fight; to beam. 



' See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.- 1, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQQK, 



ERE 



365 



ERR 



E-RI-DI-X'TION, n. Emission of rays or beams of light ; 
emission of light or splendor. 

E-RAD'I-€A-BLE. a. That may be eradicated. 

E-RAD'I-€aTE, v. t [L. eradico.] 1. To pull up the roots, 
or by the roots ; to destroy any thing that grows. 2. To 
destroy thoroughly, as bad habits. — Syn. To extirpate ; 
root out ; exterminate. 

E-RAD'I-€a-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extirpated ; 
destroyed. 

E-RAD'I-€a-TING, ppr. Pulling up the roots of any thing ; 
extirpating. 

E-RAD-I-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of plucking up by the 
roots ; extirpation ; excision ; total destruction. 2. The 
state of being plucked up by the roots. 

E-RAD'I-€A-TIVE, a. That extirpates ; that cures or de- 
stroys thoroughly. 

EJtAD'I-€A-TiVE, n. A medicine that effects a radical 
cure. — Whitlock. 

E-RaS'A-BLE, a. That may or can be erased. 

E-RaSE', v. t. [L. erado.] 1. To rub or scrape out, as let- 
ters or characters written, engraved, or painted ; to efface. 

2. To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out. .3. To efface ; 
to destroy, as from the memory. 4. To destroy to the 
foundation. See Raze. 

E-RaSED' (e-rastf), pp. 1. Rubbed or scratched out ; oblit- 
erated ; effaced. — 2. a. In heraldry, a term applied to any 
thing forcibly torn off, leaving the edges jagged and un- 
even. — Brande. 

E-RISE'MENT, n. The act of erasing ; a rubbing out ; ex- 
punction ; obliteration ; destruction. 

E-RaS'ER, n. 1. One who erases. 2. A kind of knife used 
to erase writing, &c. 

E-RISTNG, ppr. Rubbing or scraping out ; obliterating ; 
destroying. 

E-Ra'SION (e-ra'zhun), n. The act of erasing; oblitera- 
tion. 

E-RAS'TIAN (e-ras'chan), n. A follower of Thomas Eras- 
tus, a German physician, who maintained that the church 
is wholly dependent on the state for its government and 
discipline. 

E-RAS'TIAN-ISM, n. The principles of the Erastians. 

E-Ra'SURE (e-ra'zhur), n. 1. The act of erasing ; a scratch- 
ing out ; obliteration. 2. The place where a word or let- 
ter has been erased or obliterated. 

ER'BI-UM, n. A metal recently discovered in ores of yttri- 
um. — Ure. 

ERE (ar), adv. [Sax. cer.] Before ; sooner than. 

ERE (ar), prep. Before. — Dry den. 

ER'E-BUS, n. [L. Erebus.'] In mythology, darkness ; hence, 
the region of the dead ; a deep and gloomy place ; hell. 

E-RE€T, a. [L. erectus.] 1. Upright, or in a perpendicular 
posture. 2. Directed upward, as hands. 3. Upright and 
firm ; bold ; unshaken ; as, erect in spirit. 4. Raised ; 
stretched; intent; vigorous; as. erect attention; an erect 
countenance. 5. Stretched; extended. 

E-RE€T', v. I. 1. To raise and set in an upright or perpen- 
dicular direction, or nearly such. 2. To raise, as a build- 
ing. 3. To set up or establish anew ; to form ; as, to erect 
a government. 4. To raise or exalt ; as, to erect one's self 
into a judge. 5. To raise ; to excite ; to animate ; to en- 
courage. 6. To raise a consequence from premises. 7. 
To extend ; to distend. — Syn. To set up ; raise ; elevate ; 
construct; build; institute; establish; found. 

E-RE€T', v. i. To rise upright. Bacon. 

E-RE€T'A-BLE, a. That can be erected.— Montague. 

E-RE€T'ED, pp. Set in a straight and perpendicular direc- 
tion ; set upright; raised; built; established; elevated. 

E-RE€T'ER, n. One who erects ; one who raises or builds. 

E-RE€'TiLE, a. That which may be erected. 

E-RE€TTNG, ppr. Raising and setting upright ; building ; 
founding ; establishing ; elevating ; inciting ; extending and 
distending. 

E-REO'TION, n. 1. The act of raising and setting perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon ; a setting upright. 2. 
The act of raising or building, as an edifice or fortification. 

3. The state of being raised, built, or elevated. 4. Estab- 
lishment ; settlement ; formation. 5. Elevation ; exalta- 
tion of sentiments. 6. Act of rousing ; excitement. 7. 
Any thing erected ; a building of any kind. — Gloss, of Arch. 
8. Distension and extension. 

E-RE€T'lVE, a. Setting upright ; raising. 

E-RE-GT'LY, adv. In an erect posture.— Brown. 

E-RE€T'NESS, n. Uprightness of posture or form. 

E-RE€T'OR, n. A muscle that erects ; one who raises. 

ERE'LONG (arlong), adv. 1. Before a long time had 

7 elapsed; [obs. or little used.] 2. Before a long time shall 
elapse ; before long. — Milton. 

ER'E-MIT-AgE, n. See Hermitage. 

ER'E-MiTE, n. [L. ercmita.] 1. One who lives in a wilder- 
ness, or in retirement, secluded from intercourse with 
men. It is generally written hermit. — Milton. 2. A min- 
eral, identical with monazite. 

ER-E-MIT'IG-AL, a. Living in seclusion from the world. 



ERE'NOW (ar'now), adv. Before this time. Orj .u% 

ER'E-MIT-ISM, n. State of a hermit; a living in section 
from social life. — Murdoch. 

E-REP-Ta'TION, n. A creeping forth. 

E-REP'TION, n. [L. ereptio.] A taking or snatching away 
by force. 

ER'E-THISM, n. [Gr. spedta/iog.] A morbid degree of ener- 
gy and perfection in the performance of any function. 

ER-E-THISTIG, a. Relating to an erethism. 

t ERE'WHlLE (ar'while), \ adv. Some time ago ; before 

t ERE'WHILES (arVhilz), 5 a little while.— Shalt. 

tER'GAT, v. i. [L. ergo.] To infer; to draw conclusions. 

ER'GO, adv. [L.] Therefore. 

ER'GOT, n. [Fr.] 1. In farriery, a stub, like a piece of soft 
horn, about the bigness of a chestnut, situated behind and 
below the pastern joint. 2. A parasitical fungus growing 
on various kinds of grain and grass, as on wheat, rye, herds- 
grass, &c. 

ER'GO-TISM, n. [L. ergo.] A logical inference. 

ERGOT-ISM, n. [from ergot.] The morbid effects of ergot. 

ER'I-A-GH, n. [Irish.] A pecuniary fine. — Spenser. 

E-RID'A-NUS, n. [L., River Po.] A winding southern con- 
stellation containing the bright star Achernar. 

t_ER'I-6I-BLE a. That may be erected. — Shaw's Zoology. 

E'RIN, n. Ireland. 

E-RIN'^GO. See Eeyngo. 

ER'IN-lTE, n. A native arseniate of copper, of an emerald- 
green color. 

E-RIN'NYS, n. [Gr.] A fury, or goddess of discord; and 
hence, discord in general. — Shah. 

E-RI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. epiov and perpov.] An optical in 
strument for measuring the diameters of minute particle- 
and fibres. 

tE-RIST'I€, I a. [Gr. cpig and tpiariKog.] Pertaining tc 

t E-RIST'IG-AL, i disputes ; controversial. 

t ERKE, n. [Gr. uepyog.] Idle ; slothful.— Chaucer. 

ER'ME-LIN. See Ermin. 

ER'MiNE, ? n. [Fr. hermine.] 1. An animal much like the 

ERMIN, i weasel, and valued for its snowy white fur. 
Its tail is tipped with black. In the summer it is brown, 
arid is then called stoat. 2. The fur of the ermine. When 
used, the white is artificially spotted with the black. 3. 
Figuratively, the dignity of judges and magistrates, whose 
state robes of ermine were emblematical of purity. 

ER'MIN£D, a. Clothed with ermine ; adorned with the fur 
of the ermine.— Pope. 

ERN, n. [Dan., Sw. am.] In Scotland, the sea-eagle ; also 
applied to other eagles, particularly the golden eagle. — 
Percival. 

ERNE, ?a Saxon word, signifying a place or receptacle 

iERNE, j forms the termination of some English words, at 
well as Latin ; as in barn, lantern. 

E-RoDE', v. t. [L. erodo.] To eat in or away; to corrode. 

E-RoD'ED, pp. 1. Eaten ; gnawed ; corroded. — 2. a. In not 
ural history, having the edge irregularly jagged, as if gnawed 
or eaten. 

E-RoD'ING, ppr. Eating into ; eating away ; corroding. 

t ER'O-GaTE, v. t. [L. erogo.] To lay out ; to give ; to be 
stow upon.— Elyot. 

t ER-O-GA'TION, n. The act of conferring.— Elyot. 

E-RoSE', a. [L. erosus.] In botany, an erose leaf has small 
sinuses in the margin, as if gnawed. 

E-Ro'SION (e-ro'zhun), n. [L. erosio.] 1. The act or opera- 
tion of eating away. 2. The state of being eaten away , 
corrosion ; canker. 

E-Ro'SlVE, a. Having the property of eating away or cor 
roding; corrosive.— Humble. 

E-ROT'IG, ) a. [Gr. ep^g.] Pertaining to love • treating 

E-ROT'I€-AL, j of love. 

E-ROTTG, n. An amorous composition or poem. 

ER-O-TO-Ma'NI-A, \n. [Gr epus and fxavia.] Melancholy 

E-RO-TOM'A-N Y, 5 which is the effect of love. 

ER-PE-TOI/0-6IST, n. [Gr. {p-zeros and Xoyos-] One who 
is versed in erpetology. See Herpetologist. 

ER-PE-TOL'O-GY, n. That part of natural history which 
treats of reptiles. See Herpetology. 

ERR, v. i. [L. erro.] 1. To wander from the right way ; to 
deviate from the true course or purpose. 2. To miss the 
right way, in morals or religion ; to deviate from the path 
or line of duty ; to stray by design or mistake. 3. To mis 
take ; to commit error. 4. To wander ; to ramble. 

ERR, v. t. To mislead; to cause to err. — Bui-ton. 

ER'RA-BLE, a. Liable to mistake ; fallible. [Little used.\ 

ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Liablenass to mistake or error. 

* ER'RAND, n. [Sax. cerend.] 1. A verbal message ; a man 
date or order ; something to be told or done. 2. Any spe 
cial business to be transacted by a messenger. 

ER'RANT, a. [Fr. errant.] 1. Wandering; roving: ram 
bling ; applied particularly to knights, who, in the Middh 
Ages, wandered about to seek adventures and display then, 
heroism and generosity, called knights errant. 2. Devia 
ting from a certain course. 3. Wandering from a regulai 
course ; and hence, wild, extravagant, notorious ; as, an er 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;^AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ,t Obsolete 



ERY 



366 



ESC 



rant tool. — Shak. ; [now spelled arrant.] 4. Itinerant ; 
[obs.] 

ER-Ra'TA, n. pi. See Erratum. 

ER'RANT-RY, n. 1. A wandering ; a roving or rambling 
about. — Addison. 2. The employment of a knight errant. 

ER-RAT'IG, )a. [L. erraticus.] 1. Wandering; having 

ER-RAT'I€-AL, } no certain course ; roving about without 
a fixed destination. 2. Moving ; not fixed or stationary. 
3. Irregular ; mutable. — In geology, applied to substances 
on the earth's surface which have been transported from 
their original location ; as, erratic blocks, gravel, &c. Er- 
ratic phenomena are the phenomena that relate to such 
substances. 

ER-RAT'I€, n. A rogue. — Cockeram. 

ER-RATTG-AL-LY,a<fo. Without rule ; irregularly.— Brown. 

t ER-Ra'TION, n. A wandering. 

ER-Ra'TUM, n. ; pi. Errata. [L.] An error or mistake in 
writing or printing. 

ERR.ED', pret. of Err. 

ERUHiNE (er'rine), a. [Gr. epptvov.] Affecting the nose, 
or to be snuffed into the nose ; occasioning discharges 
from the nose. 

ER'RHINE (er'rine), n. A medicine to be snuffed up the 
nose to promote discharges of mucus. 

ERR'ING, ppr. or a. Wandering from the truth or the right 
way; mistaking; irregular. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS, a. [L. erroneus.] 1. Wandering; roving; 
unsettled; [rare.] 2. Deviating; devious; irregular; [rare.] 

3. Mistaking ; misled ; deviating, by mistake, from the truth. 

4. Wrong ; false ; mistaken ; not conformable to truth ; 
erring from truth or justice. 

ER-Ro"NE-OUS-LY. adv. By mistake ; not rightly. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being erroneous ; 
deviation from right ; inconformity to truth. 

ER'ROR, n. [L. error.] 1. In a general se?ise, a wandering 
or deviation from the truth. 2. A mistake in judgment, 
by which men assent to or believe what is not true. 3. A 
mistake made in writing or other performance ; a blunder. 
4. A wandering ; irregular course ; [rare.] 5. Deviation 
from law, justice, or right ; oversight ; mistake in conduct. 
— 6. In Scripture and theology, sin ; iniquity ; transgression ; 
fault. — 7. In law, a mistake in pleading or in judgment. A 
writ of error is a writ founded on an alleged error in 
judgment, which carries the suit to another tribunal for 
redress. 

ER'ROR, v. t. To determine a judgment of- court to be er- 
roneous. [ Not well authorized.] 

ER'ROR-ISTJ n. One who errs, or who encourages and 
propagates error. 

ERSE, n. The language of the descendants of the Gaels or 
Celts, in the Highlands of Scotland. 

SARSH \ n - The stubble of grain. 

ERST, adv. [Sax. cerest.] 1. First ; at first ; at the beginning. 
2. Once ; formerly ; long ago. 3. Before ; till then or now ; 
hitherto ; [obsolete, except in poetry.] 

\ ERSTWHILE, adv. Till then or now ; formerly. 

ER-U-BES'CENCE, n. [L. erubescens, erubesco, from rubeo, 
to be red.] A becoming red ; redness of the skin or sur- 
face of any thing ; a blushing. 

ER-U-BES'CENT, a. Red, or reddish ; blushing. 

E-RUGT,_ \v. t. [L. eructo.] To belch; to eject from 

E-RUC'TaTE, 5 the stomach, as wind. [Little used.] 

E-RUGTa-TED, pp. Belched; ejected. 

E-RUC'Ta-TING, ppr. Belching. 

ER-UC-TI'TION, n. [L. eructatio.] 1. The act of belching 
wind from the stomach ; a belch. 2. A violent bursting 
forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth. 
— Woodward. 

" ERTJ-DITE, a. [L. eruditus.] Instructed ; taught ; learned. 
— Chesterfield. 

ERTT-DlTE-LY, adv. With erudition or learning. 

ER-U-Di"TION (er-u-dish'un), n. Learning ; knowledge 
gained by study, or from books and instruction ; particu- 
larly, learning in literature, as distinct from the sciences. 

E-Ru'GIN-OUS, a. [L. tzruginosus.] Partaking of the sub- 
stance or nature of copper, or the rust of copper ; resem- 
bling rust. 

\ E-RUPT', v. i. To burst forth. 

E-RUPT'ED, pp. or a. Forcibly thrown out, as lava from a 
volcano. — Humble. 

E-RUP'TION, n. [L. erxptio.] 1. The act of breaking or 
bursting forth from inclosure or confinement; a violent 
emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from 
a volcano. 2. A sudden or violent rushing forth of men 
or troops for invasion ; sudden excursion. 3. A burst of 
yoice ; violent exclamation. — 4. In medical science, a break- 
ing out of humors ; a copious excretion of humors on the 
skin in pustules. 

E-RUPT'lVE, a. 1. Bursting forth. 2. Attended with erup- 
tions or efflorescence, or producing it. 3. Produced by 
eruption ; as, eruptive igneous rocks. 

E-RYN"GO, n. [Gr. vp^yyiov.] The sea-holly, eryngium. 



ER-Y-SIP'E-LAS, n. [Gr. epvanreXai.] A disease Called St 
Anthony's fire ; an eruption of a fiery acrid humor on seme 
part of the body, but chiefly on the face. 
ER-Y-SI-PEL'A-TOUS, a. Eruptive ; resembling erysipelas 
or partaking of its nature. Ery <sip 'elous has sometimes 
been used, but is unnecessary. 
ER-Y-THe'MA, n. [Gr.] A specific inflammation attended 
with burning pain, and a red, tumid fullness of the integu 
ments. — J. M. Good. 
ER-Y-THE-MAT'IG, a. Pertaining to erythema. 
ES-GA-LaDE', n. [Fr.] In the military art, a furious attack 
made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are 
used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart. 
ES-GA-L1DE', v. t. To scale ; to mount and pass or entei 

by means of ladders. — Life of Wellington. 
ES-GA-LID'ED, pp. Scaled, as a wall or rampart. 

ES-GA-LID'ING, ppr. Scaling, as troops. 

ESGAL'OP (skollup), n. [D. schulp.] 1. A bivalve shell of 
the genus pecten. Its surface is mostly marked with ribs 
radiating from the hinge outward. 2. A regular curving 
indenture in the margin of any thing. See Scallop and 
Scollop. 

ES-GA-P1DE', n. [Fr.] 1. The fling of a horse. 2. An im- 
propriety of speech or behavior of which an individual is 
unconscious. — Brande. 

ES-GaPE', v. t. [Fr. echapper.] 1. To flee from and avoid ; 
to get out of the way ; to shun ; to obtain security from ; 
to pass without harm. 2. To pass unobserved ; to evade. 
3. To avoid the danger of. 

ES-GIPE', v. i. 1. To flee, shun, and be secure from dan- 
ger ; to avoid an evil. 2. To be passed without harm ; as, 
others fell, but I escaped. 

ES-GaPE', n. 1. Flight to shun danger or injury ; the act 
of fleeing from danger. 2. A being passed without receiv- 
ing injury. 3. Excuse ; subterfuge ; evasion. — 4. In law, 
an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the sheriff, 
without due course of law. 5. Sally; flight; irregularity 
6. Oversight; mistake. 

ES-GIPE'MENT, n. That part of a clock or watch by 
which the circulating motion of the wheels is converted 
into a vibrating one, as that of the pendulum in a clock, or 
the balance of a watch. 

ES-GaP'ER, n. One who gets out of danger. 

ES-G APING, ppr. Fleeing from and avoiding danger or evil , 
being passed unobserved or unhurt ; shunning ; evading ; 
securing safety ; quitting the custody of the law without 
warrant. 

ES-GaP'ING, n. Avoidance of danger. — Ezra, ix. 

ES-GaR-GA-TOIRE' (-twoO, %. [Fr.] A nursery of snails. 

ES-GSRP', v. t. [Fr. escarper.] To slope suddenly; to form 
a sudden slope. — Carleton. [A military term.] 

ES-GARP', n. In fortification, any thing high and precipi- 
tous ; sometimes, the side of the ditch next the rampart. 
— Brande. 

ES-GiRPJSD' (es-karptf), pp. Cut or formed to a sudden 
slope. 

ES-GARP'ING, ppr. Forming to a sudden slope. 

ES-GaRP'MENT, n. A steep declivity ; a precipitous side 
of any hill or rock. — P. Cyc. 

ES-CHA-LOT (-esh-a-lotf), n. [Fr. echalote.] A species of 
small onion or garlic. 

ES'GHAR, (esTiar), n. [Gr. £a%apa.] 1. In surgery, the crust 
or scab occasioned by burns or caustic applications. 

ES'GHA-RA, n. [Gr.] A species of net-like coral. 

ES-GHA-ROT'IG, a. Caustic ; having the power of searing 
or destroying the flesh. 

ES-GHA-ROT1G, n. A caustic application.— Coxe. 

ES-GHA-TOL'0-<JY, n. [Gr. eaxaroi and Xoyos.] The doc- 
trine of the last or final things ; as death, judgment, &c. 

ES-CHeAT, n. [Fr. echeoir.] 1. Any land or tenements 
which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor, 
through failure of heirs. — 2. In the United States, the fall- 
ing or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through 
failure of heirs or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner 
is found. 3. The place or circuit within which the king 
or lord is entitled to escheats. 4. A writ to recover es- 
cheats from the person in possession. 5. The lands 
which fall to the lord or state by escheat. — 6. In Scots law, 
the forfeiture incurred by a man's being denounced a rebel. 

ES-CHeAT', v. i. 1. In England, to revert, as land, to the 
lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blood 
of the tenant. — 2. In America, to fall or come, as land, to 
the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeit- 
ure for treason. 

t ES-CHeAT', v. t. To forfeit.— Bishop Hall. 

ES-CHeATA-BLE, a. Liable to escheat. 

ES-CHeAT'AGE, n. The right of succeeding to an escheat 

ES-CHeAT'ED, pp. Having fallen to the lord through want 
of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by for- 
feiture. 

ES-CHeATING, ppr. Reverting to the lord through failuro 
of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by for- 
feiture. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



ESP 



367 



ESS 



ES-CHeAT'OR, n. An officer who observes the escheats of 
the king in the county whereof he is escheator. 

ES-CHEW, v. t. [Nor>n. eschever.] To flee from ; to shun ; 
to avoid. 

ES-CHEW.ED' (es-chudeO, pp. Shunned ; avoided. 

ES-CHE WING, ppr. Shunning; avoiding. 

ES-€OCH'EON, n. [Fr.] The shield of the family. 

ES'CORT, n. [Fr. escorte.] 1. A guard ; a body of armed 
men which attends an officer, or baggage, provisions, or 
munitions conveyed by land from place to place, to 
protect them. — This word is rarely, and never properly, 
used for naval protection or protectors ; the latter we call 
a convoy. — 2. In a -more general sense, protection or safe- 
guard on a journey or excursion ; as, to travel under the 
escort of a friend. 

ES-€ORT, v. t. To attend and guard on a journey or ex- 
cursion. 

ES-€ORTED, pp. Attended and guarded on a journey or 
excursion. 

ES-CORTING, ppr. Attending and guarding on a journey 
or excursion. 

ES-€OT. See Scot. 

ES-€OT, v. t. To pay the reckoning for ; to support.— Sha k. 

ES-C5U-IDE'. See Squad. 

ES-€OUT. See Scout. 

tES-€RIPT', to. [Fr. escript.] A writing; a schedule.— 
Coclteram. 

ES-€RI-TOIR' (es-kre-twor'), n. [Sp. escritorio ; Fr. ecri- 
toire.] A box with instruments and conveniences for 
writing. It is often pronounced scrutoir. 

ES-€RI-T5'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an escritoir. 

ES-CRo W, n. [Fr. ecrou.] In law, a deed of lands or tene- 
ments delivered to a third person, to hold till some condi- 
tion is performed by the grantee. 

ES'€U-A6E, n. [from Fr. ecu.] In feudal law, service of the 
shield, called also scutage ; a species of tenure by knight 
sendee, by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to 
war ; afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. 

ES-CU-LIT1-AN, a. [from JEsculapius.] Medical; pertain- 
ing to the healing art. — Young. 

ES'€U-LENT, a. [L. esculentus.] Eatable; that is or may 
be used by man for food. 

ES'€U-LENT, n. Something that is eatable. 

ES-€u'RI-AL, n. A vast edifice in Spain, about 22 miles 
from Madrid, built in the shape of a gridiron, and contain- 
ing the royal palace, a convent, church, and place of sepul- 
ture for the royal family of Spain. 

ES-GUTCH'E6N (es-kuch'un), n. [Fr. ecussbn.] 1. The 
shield on which a coat of arms is represented ; the shield 
of a family ; the picture of ensigns armorial. 2. That part 
of a vessel's stern where her name is written. — R. H. Dana, 
Jun. 

ES-CUTCHE6NED, a. Having a coat of arms or ensign. 

fES-LOIN', v. t. [Fr. eloigner.] To remove. 

E-SOPH-A-GOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. oicofyayos and to/xt}.] In sur- 
gery, the operation of making an incision into the esopha- 
gus, for the purpose of removing any foreis^i substance. 

E-SOPH'A-GUS, n. [Gr. oioofayos.] The gullet; the canal 
through which food and drink pass to the stomach. 

E-So'PI-AN, n. [from Msop.] Pertaining to j£sop. 

ES-O-TERIC, a. [Gr. eaoTspoS-] Private; interior; [an 
applied to the private instructions and doctrines of 



philosophers ;] opposed to exoteric, or public. 

ES-O-TERTG-AL-LY, adv. In an esoteric manner. — Rich. 
Diet. 

ES'O-TER-Y, n. Mystery; secrecy. [Little used.] 

ES-PAL1ER (es-pal'yer), n. [Fr. espalier.] 1. A row of trees 
in a garden, having the branches trained and spread out 
like a fan. 2. A lattice-work of wood, on which to train 
fruit-trees and ornamental shrubs. — Brande. 

ES-PAL'IER v. t. To form an espalier. 

ES-PALTER.ED, pp. Protected by an espalier. 

ES-PALTER-ING, ppr. Protecting by an espalier. 

ES-PaR'CET, n. A kind of sainfoin.— Mortimer. 

ES-PaRTO, n. [Sp.] A kind of rush, in Spain, of which 
cordage, shoes, baskets, &c, are made. — M'Culloch. 

F.S-PE"CIAL (es-pesh'al), a. [Fr. special] Principal ; chief; 
particular. 

ES-Pe"CIAL-LY, adv. In an uncommon degree. — Syn. 
Specially ; principally ; chiefly ; particularly ; peculiarly. 

E3-PE"CIAL-NESS, n. Tbe state of being especial. 
ESTE-RANCE, n. [Fr.] Hope.— Shak. 

ES-PrAL, n. A spy ; the act of espying.— Elyot. 

ES-PT.ED' (es-pideO, pp. Seen ; discovered. 

ES-Pl'ER, n. One who espies, or watches like a spy. — Harmar. 

ESTI-NEL, n. A kind of ruby. See Spinel. 

ESTI-0N-A6E (es'pe-on-aj or es'pe-on-azh), n. [Fr.] The 
practice or employment of spies ; the practice of watching 
others without being suspected and giving intelligence of 
discoveries made. 

ES-PLA-NIDE', n. [Fr.] 1. In fortification, the glacis of the 
counterscarp, or the sloping of the parapet of lie covered- 
way toward the country ; or the void space between the 



glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the town. — 2. in 
gardening, a grass-plat 
ES-POUSAL (es-pouz'al), a. Used in or relating to the ac 

of espousing or betrothing. — Bacon. 
ES-POUSAL, n. 1. The act of espousing or betrothing. 2. 

Adoption ; protection. 
ES-POUSALS, n. pi. The act of contracting or affiancing a 
man and woman to each other; a contract or mutua. 
promise of marriage. 
ES-POUSE', v. t. [Fr. epouser.] 1. To betroth. 2. To be- 
troth ; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in 
writing, or by some pledge. 3. To marry; to wed. 4 
To unite intimately or indissolubly. 5. To embrace; to 
take to one's self, with a view to maintain ; as, to espouse 
a cause. 

ES-POUSXD' (es-pouzd'), pp. or a. -Betrothed ; affianced , 
promised in marriage by contract; married; united in- 
timately; embraced. 

ES-POUSE'MENT, n. Act of espousing. 

ES-POUS'ER, n. One who espouses. 

ES-POUSTNG, ppr. Betrothing ; marrying ; uniting indis- 
solublv ; taking part in. 

ES-PRIT' DE -CORPS' (es-pre' de kori). [Fr.] The spirit 
of the body or society ; the common spirit formed by men 
in association. 

ES-PY', v. t. [Fr. epier,. espier.] 1. To see at a distance ; to 
have the first sight of a thing remote. 2. To see or dis- 
cover something intended to be hid. 3. To discover un- 
expectedly. 4. To inspect narrowly; to examine and 
make discoveries. — Syn. To discern ; discover ; find out ; 
des_cry. 

ES-PY', v. i. To look narrowly ; to look about ; to watch. 

ES-PY', n. A spy ; a scout. 

ES-PYTNG, ppr. Discovering ; seeing first. 

ES'QUI-MAQX (eslse-mo), n. A nation of Indians inhabiting 
the northwestern parts of North America. — Encyc. Am. 

ES-QUTRE', n. [Fr. ecuyer.] Properly, a shield-bearer or ar- 
mor-bearer, scutifer ; an attendant on a knight. Hence, in 
modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below a 
knight. — In the United States, the title is given to public 
officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices 
and attorneys. Indeed, the title, in addressing letters, is 
bestowed on any person at pleasure, and is merely an ex- 
pression of respect. 

ES-QDlRE', v. t. To attend; to wait on. 

ES-Q.UlR.ED', pp. Attended ; waited on. 

ES-QUTPi/ING, ppr. Attending, as an esquire. 

ES-QUi'SSE' (es-kes'), n. [Fr.] The first sketch of a picture 
or model of a statue, &c. 

ES-SaY, v. t. [Fr. essayer.] 1. To try; to attempt; to en- 
deavor ; to exert one's power. 2. To make experiment 
of. 3. To try the value and purity of metals. See Assay. 

ES'SIY, n. 1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, 
for the performance of any thing. — 2. In literature, a com- 
position intended to prove or illustrate a particular sub- 
ject. 3. A trial or experiment 4. Trial or experiment to 
prove the qualities of a metaL [See Assay.] 5. First taste 
of any thing. — Syn. Attempt ; trial ; endeavor ; effort ; 
tract ; treatise ; dissertation ; disqxusition. 

ES-SIY.ED' (es-sade'), pp. Attempted; tried. 

ES-SaY'ER, n. One who writes essays. — Addison. 

ES-S1YTNG, ppr. Trying ; making an effort. 

* ES-SiYTST, n. A writer of an essay, or of essays. 

ES'SENCE, n. [L. essentia ; Fr. essence.] 1. That which 
constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance, 
or of a genus, and which distinguishes it from all others. 
2. Formal existence ; that which makes any thing to be 
what it is ; or, rather, the peculiar nature of a thing ; the 
very substance. 3. Existence ; the quality of being. 4. 
A being ; an existent person. 5. Species of being. 6. 
Constituent substance. 7. The predominant qualities or 
virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined, or rectified 
from grosser matter ; or, more strictly, a volatile or essen- 
tial oil. 8. Perfume, odor, scent ; or the volatile matter 
constituting perfume. 

ES'SENCE, v. t. To perfume ; to scent. 

ES'SENOED (es'senst), pp. Perfumed.— Addison. 

ES-SeNES', n. pi. [Gr. Eoonvoi.] Among the Jews, a sect 
remarkable for their strictness and abstinence. 

ES-SEN'TIAL (es-sen'shal), a, [L.essentialis.] 1. Necessary 
or indispensable to the constitution or existence of a thing. 
2. Important in the highest degree. 3. Pure ; highly rec- 
tified. — Essential oils are such as are obtained from plant*, 
usually by distillation with water. They dissolve in alco- 
hol, are inflammable, and much used in perfumery.— Es- 
sential character, in natural history, that single quality or 
property which serves to distinguish one genus, species, 
&c, from another. 

ES-SEN'TIAL. n. 1. Existence; being; [little used.] 2. 
First or constituent principles. 3. The chief point ; that 
which is most important. 

ES-SEN-TI-AL1-TY, ) n. The quality of beinsr essential ; first 

ES-SEN'TLAL-NESS, > or constituent principles.— Swift. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; ell as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



EST 



368 



ETC 



ES-SEN TIAL-LY, adv. 1. By the constitution of nature ; 
in essence. 2. In an important degree. 

ES-SEN'TI1TE, v. i. To become of the same essence. 

ES-SENTIaTE, v. t. To form the essence or being of. 

ES-SENTJ2 TED. pp. Formed into the same essence. 

ES-SEN TIa-TING, ppr. Forming into or becoming of the 
same essence. 

ES-SOIN', n. [Old Fr. exonier, essonier.] 1. An excuse ; the 
alleging oi an excuse for him who is summoned to appear 
in court. 2. Exemption. 3. He who is excused for non- 
appearance in court at the day appointed. — Essoin days 
are three days allowed for the appearance of suitors in 
court. [This word is sometimes spelled essoign.] 

ES-SOIN', v. t. To allow an excuse for non-appearance in 
court ; to excuse for absence. — Cowel. 

ES-SOIN'ER, ii. An attorney who sufficiently excuses the 
absence of another. 

ES'SON-ITE, n. Cinnamon-stone, which see. 

ES-TAB'LISH, v. t. [Fr. etablir.) 1. To set and fix firmly or 
unalterably ; to settle permanently, as a covenant. 2. To 
found permanently ; to erect and fix or settle, as an em- 
pire. 3. To enact or decree by authority and for perma- 
nence ; to ordain ; to appoint, as laws. 4. To settle or fix 
permanently, as a person in business, or an army in a 
place. 5. To make firm ; to confirm ; to ratify. 6. To 
settle or fix what is wavering, doubtful, or weak ; to con- 
firm, as faith. 7. To confirm ; to fulfill ; to make good. 
8. To set up in the place of another, and confirm. 

ES-TAB'LISH£D (es-tablisht), pp. or a. Set ; fixed firmly ; 
founded; ordained; enacted; ratified; confirmed; setup 
and supported by the state ; as, an established religion. 

ES-TAB'LlSH-ER, n. He who establishes or confirms. 

ES-TAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Fixing ; settling permanently ; 
foundina; : ratifying ; confirming ; ordaining. 

ES-TAB'LISH-MENT, n. [Fr. etablissement.] 1. The act of 
establishing. 2. Settlement ; fixed state ; as, in sure estab- 
lishment. — Spenser. 3. Confirmation ; ratification, as of a 
covenant. 4- Settled regulation ; form ; ordinance ; sys- 
tem of laws ; constitution of government. 5. Fixed or 
stated allowance for subsistence ; income ; salary. 6. 
That which ip fixed or established, as a permanent mili- 
tary force, a fixed garrison, a local government, an agen- 
cy, a factory, &c. 7. A place of residence or of transact- 
ing business. 8. That form of religious worship which is 
established and supported by the state. 9. Settlement or 
final rest. 

ES-TA-GADE', n, [Fr. ; Sp. estacado.] A dike constructed 
of piles in the sea, a river, or morass, to check the ap- 
proach of an enemy. — Buchan&n. 

ES-TA-FET', ( n. [Fr. ; Sp. estafeta.] A courier ; an ex- 

ES-TA-FETTE', J press oi any kind. 

ES-TaTE', n. [Fr. etat.] 1. In a general sense, fixedness ; a 
fixed condition; [now generally written and pronounced 
6tate.| 2. Condition or circumstances of any person or 
thing, whether high or low. 3. Rank ; quality. — 4. In law, 
the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, 
tenements, or other effects. 5. Fortune ; possessions ; 
property in general. 6. The general business or interest 
of government ; a political body ; a commonwealth ; a re- 

Sublic. [See State.] 7. An order or class of men In the 
ody politic ; one of the estates of the kingdom. — Estates, 
in the plural, dominions ; possessions of a prince. 

ES-TaTE', v. t. 1. To settle as a fortune.— ShaL 2. To 
establish ; [little used.] 

ES-TaT'ED, pp. or a. Possessing an estate. — Swift. 

ES-TEEM', v. t. [Fr. estimer.] 1. To set a value on, whether 
high or low. 2. To set a high value on ; to regard with 
reverence, respect, or friendship. 3. To hold in opinion ; 
to repute ; to think. 4. To compare in value ; to estimate 
by proportion. — Syn. To regard; estimate; prize; value; 
respect ; revere. 

ES-TEEM', v. i. To consider as to value. — Spenser. 

ES-TEEM', n. 1. Estimation ; opinion or judgment of merit 
or demerit. 2. High value or estimation ; great regard ; 
favorable opinion. 

ES-TEEM' ABLE, a. Worthy of esteem ; estimable. 

ES-TEEM.ED' (es-teemd'), pp. or a. Valued ; estimated ; 
highly valued ; thought ; held in opinion. 

ES-TEEM'ER, n. One who esteems.— Locke. 

ES-TEEM'ING, ppr. Valuing ; estimating ; valuing highly ; 
prizing ; thinking ; deeming. 

ES-THET'I€. a. Pertaining to the science of taste. 

ES-THET'ICS, n. [Gr. aicdrjTiKos.] The science which treats 
of the beautiful, or of the tneory of taste. — See ^Esthetics. 

ES-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. astus and /em] Producing heat. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That is capable of being esti- 
mated or valued. 2. Valuable ; worth a great price. 3. 
Worthy of esteem or respect; deserving our good opin- 
ion or regard. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE, n. That which is worthy of regard. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving esteem. 

ES'TI-MA-BLY, adv. In an estimable manner. 

ES'TI-MaTE, v. t. [L.testimo.] 1. To judge and form an opin- 



ion of the value v>f ; to rate by judgment. — Syn. To count 
calculate ; compute ; reckon ; number ; rate ; appraise ; 
appreciate ; esteem ; value ; prize. 

ES'TI-MATE, n. 1. A valuing or rating in the mind ; a judg- 
ment or opinion of the value, degree, extent, or quantity 
of anything. 2. Value. — Shale. 

ES'TI-Ma-TED, pp. or a. Valued ; rated in judgment. 

ES'TI-Ma-TING, ppr. Valuing; rating; forming an opinion 
or judgment of the value, extent, quantity, or degree of 
worth of any object ; calculating ; computing. 

ES-TI-Ma'TION, n. [L. <zstimatio.] 1. The act of estimating. 
2. An opinion or judgment of any thing as to size, quanti- 
ty, &c, formed without precise data. 3. Favorable opin- 
ion. — Syn. Calculation ; computation ; estimate ; appraise- 
ment ; esteem ; honor ; regard. 

ES'TI-Ma-TIVE, a. 1. Having the power of comparing and 
adjusting the worth or preference ; [little used.] 2. Im 
aginative. 

ES'TI-Ma-TOR, n. One who estimates or values. 

ES'TI-VAL, a. [L. cestivus.] Pertaining to summer. 

ES'TI-VaTE, v. i. To pass the summer. 

ES-TI-Va'TION, n. [L. astivatio.] 1. The act of passing the 
summer. — 2. In botany, the disposition of the petals within 
the floral gem or bud. 

^TOPEtpiTvT'l ^ May it be perpetual. 
ES-TOP', v. t. [Fr. etouper\ In law, to impede or bar, by 

one's own act. 
ES-TOPP.ED' (es-topt), pp. Hindered ; barred. 
ES-TOP'PING, ppr. Impeding ; barring by one's own act 
ES-TOP'PEL, n. In law, a stop ; a plea in bar, grounded on 

a man's own act or deed, which estops or precludes him 

from averring any thing to the contrary. 
ES-To'VERS, n. pi. [Norm, estoffer.] In law, necessaries, or 

supplies ; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods 

for the use of a tenant. 
ES-TRaDE', n. [Fr.] An even or level space ; a level and 

slightly raised place in a room. — Smart. 
ES-TRAM'A-CON (-son), n. [Fr.] A sort of two-edged 

sword formerly used. 
ES-TRaNgE', v. t. [Fr. etranger.] 1. To keep at a distance ; 

to withdraw ; to cease to frequent and be familiar with. 

2. To alienate ; to divert from its original use or possess- 
or. 3. To alienate, as the affections ; to turn from kind- 
ness to indifference or malevolence. 4. To withdraw ; to 

withhold. 
ES-TRANG.ED' (es-tranjd'), pp. Withdrawn ; alienated. 
ES-TRaNg'ED'NESS, n. The state of being estranged.— 

Prynne. 
ES-TRaNgE'MENT, n. Alienation; a keeping at a distance; 

removal ; voluntary abstraction. 
ES-TRaNg'ING, ppr. Alienating; withdrawing; keeping at 

or removing to a distance. 
ES-TRA-PIDE', n. [Fr. strappado.] The action of a horse 

who, to get rid of his rider, rises before, and at the same 

time kicks furiously with his hind legs. 
ES-TRaY', v. i. To stray. -See Stray. 
ES-TRaY', n. [Norm, estrayer.] A tame beast, as a horse, 

ox, or sheep, which is found wandering or without an 

owner. See Stray. 
ES-TReAT', n. [Norm, estraite.] In low, a true copy of a<i 

original writing. 
ES-TReAT, v. i. To extract ; to copy. — Blackstone. 
ES-TReATED, pp. Extracted; copied. 
ES-TREAT'ING, ppr. Extracting; copying. 
ES-TRePE'MENT, n. [Norm, estreper.] In law, spoil 

waste ; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the prejudice 

of the owner. 
ES'TRICH, ? n. T. The ostrich, which see ; [obs.] 2. In 
ES'TRIDGE, 3 commerce, the fine down of the ostrich ly 

ing under the feathers. — M'Culloch. 
t ES'TU-ANCE, n. [L. crstus.] Heat.— Brown. 
ES'TU-A-BY, n. [L. cestuarium.] 1. An arm of the sea ; a 

frith ; a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake 

where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs. 2. 

A vapor bath. 
ES'TU-A-RY, a. Belonging to or formed in an estuary ; as, 

estuary strata. — Lyell. 
ES'TU-aTE, v. i. [L. astuo.] To boil ; to swell and rage 

to be agitated. 
ES-TU-I'TION, n. A boiling ; agitation.— Brown. 
t ES_T-URE', n. [L. astuo.] Violence ; commotion. 
E-SU'RI-ENT, a. [L. esuriens.] Inclined to eat ; hungry. 
ES'U-RlNE (ezh'yu-rin), a. Eating ; corroding. 
E-TaT'-Ma'JOR (a-ta'-ma'zhor), n. [Fr.J Officers and sut 

officers as distinguished from their troops. Also, the su 

perior officers. — Diet, de I' Acad. 
ET CMT'E-RA, [L.] and the contraction etc. or SfC., denote 

the rest, or others of the kind ; and so on ; and so forth. 
ETCH, v. t. [G. etzen) 1. To produce figures or designs on 

copper or other metallic plates by means of lines or strokes 

first drawn, and then eaten or corroded by aquafortis. 2. 

To sketch ; to delineate.— Locke ; [not in use.] 



See Synopsis. A, E. I, &.c.,long.— a E * &c, sW -TTSR FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARl'NE, BtRD;— MOVE, BOQK. 



ETH 



369 



EUI 



ETCH, v. i. To practice etching. 

ETCH, ) n. Ground from which a crop has been taken. 

ED'DISH 5 —Mortimer. 

ETCH£D (etcht), pp. or a. Marked and corroded by aqua- 
fortis. 

ETCHING, ppr. Marking or producing a design on a me- 
tallic plate with aquafortis. 

ETCHING, n. 1. The act or art of etching ; a mode of en- 
graving. 2. The impression taken from an etched p.ate. 

ETCHING-NEEDLE, n. An instrument of steel with a 
fine point, used in etching, for tracing outlines, &c, on the 
plate. — Brande. 

ET-E-OS'TIC, n. [Gr. ereos and cnv%o?.] A chronogram- 
matical composition. — Ben Jonson. 

t E-TERN', a. Eternal ; perpetual ; endless.— Shah. 

E-TER'NAL, a. [Yr.eternel; L. aterivus.] 1. Without begin- 
ning or end of existence. 2. Without beginning of exist- 
ence. 3. Without end of existence or duration ; everlast- 
ing ; endless ; immortal. 4. Continued without intermis- 
sion ; as, fires eternal in thy temples shine. — Dryden. 5. 
Unchangeable ; existing at all times without change ; as, 
eternal truth. — Syn. Everlasting ; endless ; infinite ; cease- 
less ; perpetual ; interminable. 

E-TER'NAL, n. An appellation of God. — Milton. 

E-TER'NAL-IST, n. One who holds the past existence of 
the world to be infinite. — Burnet. 

I E-TER'NAL-iZE, v. t. To make eternal ; to give endless 
duration to. [We now use eternize.] 

E-TER'NAL-TZiJD, pp. Made eternal. 

E-TER'NAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Rendering eternal. 

E-TER'NAL-LY, adv. 1. Without beginning or end of dura- 
tion, or without end only. 2. Unchangeably ; invariably ; 
at all times._ 3. Perpetually ; without intermission. 

t E-TER'NI-FY, v. t. To make famous ; to immortalize. 

E-TER'NI-FIjBD, pp. Made famous ; immortalized. 

E-TER'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Making famous ; immortalizing. 

E-TER'NI-TY, n. [L. aternitas.] 1. Duration or continu- 
ance without beginning or end. 2. The state or time after 
death ; as, at death we enter on eternity. 

E-TER'NlZE, v. t. [Ft. eterniser.} 1. To make endless. 2. 
To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely ; to 
perpetuate. 3. To make forever famous ; to immortalize. 

E-TER'NlZ.ED, pp. Made endless ; immortalized. 

E-TERTvriZ-ING, ppr. Giving endless duration to. 

E-TE'SIAN (e-te'zhan), a. [L. etesius.] Stated ; blowing at 
stated times of the year ; periodical. Encyc. — Etesian 
wind, a periodical wind ; especially, a northerly or north- 
easterly wind, whicS prevails in summer in the Mediter- 
ranean. 

£THAL, n. [The first syllables of ether and alcohol] A pe- 
culiar oily substance obtained from spermaceti. — Prout. 

t ETHE, a. Easy.— Chaucer. 

t_ETHEL, a. Noble. 

E'THER, n. [L. ather.] 1. A thin, subtile matter, much finer 
and rarer than air, which, some philosophers suppose, be- 
gins from the limits of the atmosphere, and occupies the 
heavenly space. Newton. — 2. In chemistry, a very fight, 
volatile, and inflammable fluid, produced by the distillation 
of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid, especial- 
ly with sulphuric acid. 

E-THe'RE-AL, a. 1. Formed of ether ; containing or filled 
with ether. 2. Heavenly; celestial. 3. Consisting of ether 
or spirit. 

E-THE-RE-AL'I-Tl, n. The state or condition of being 
ethereal. 

E-THe'RE-AL-iZE, v. t. 1. To convert into ether, or into a 
very subtil fluid.— 2. Figuratively, to render ethereal or 
spiritual. 

E-THe'RE-AL-iZJSD, pp. or a. Converted into ether ; made 
ethereal or spiritual. 

E-THe'RE-AL-LY, adv. In an ethereal or heavenly manner. 

E-THe'RE-OUS, a. Formed of ether ; heavenly.— Milton. 

E'THER-I-FORM, a. [ether and form..] Having the form of 

_ ether. — Prout. 

ETHER-iNE, n. Carbureted hydrogen, so called from be- 
ing supposed to exist in ether. — P Cyc. 

ETHER-lZE, v. t. To convert into ether.— Med. Rep. 

E'THER-IZ^D, pp. Converted into ether. 

ETHER-lZ-ING, ppr. Converting into ether. 

ETH'IC, > a. [L. ethicus.] Relating to manners or mor- 

ETH'I€-AL, 5 als ; treating of morality ; delivering pre- 
cepts of morality. 

ETH'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to the doctrines of morality. 

ETH'IC S, n. 1. The doctrines of morality ; the science of 
moral duty. 2. A system of moral principles ; a system 
of rules for regulating the actions of men. 

ETHI-OP, n. A native of Ethiopia ; a blackamoor. — Shaft 

E'THI-OPS M1RTIAL. Black oxyd of iron. 

E'THI-OPS MIN'ERAL. A combination of mercury and 
sulphur. 

ETH'MOID, I a. [Gr. jjfyos and ciSos.] Resembling a 

ETH-MOIDAL, } sieve. — Ethmoid bone, a bone at the top 
of the root of the nose. 



ETH'NXRCH, n. [Gr. eBvoc, and np\j.] The governoi ot i 
province or people. 

ETH'NIC, ) a. [L. ethnicus.] 1. Heathen ; pagan ; per 

ETH'NI€-AL, J taining to the gentiles or nations not con- 
verted to Christianity. 2. Relating to the races or classes 
of mankind. 

ETH'NIC, n. A heathen ; a pagan. 

ETH'NI-CISM, n. Heathenism ; paganism ; idolatry 

ETH-NOG'RA-PHER, \ n. One who writes on the different 

ETH-NOL'O-GIST, > races of men. 

l?H-S8:§RlpmlAL, \ a - PertaiDin S to ethnography. 



r-WEE'-ossE, 5 ment3 - 



] A case for pocket instru- 



ETH-NOG'RA-PHY, ) n. [Gr. cOvos, ypa<pn, and Aoyo?.] The 

ETH-NOL'O-GY, ) science which describes the difl'er- 
ent races of men, or a work on that science. 

ETH-0-LOG'I€-AL, a. Treating of ethics. 

E-THOL'O-GIST, n. One who writes on morality. 

E-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. edog, or ndos, and Aoyoj.] A treatise 

_ on morality, or the science of ethics. 

E'THYL, n. [Gr. aiQnp and v\r].] A hypothetical radical or 
base existing in ether and its compounds. — Graham. 

E'TI-O-LaTE, v. i. [Gr. aiQu.] To become white or whiter , 
to be whitened. 

E'TI-O-LaTE, v. t. To blanch ; to whiten by excluding the 
sun's rays, as plants. 

E'TI-O-L a-TED, pp. or a. Blanched ; whitened by excluding 

_ the sun^s rays. 

e'TI-O-La-TING, ppr. Blanching ; whitening by excluding 
the sun's rays. 

E-TI-O-La'TION, n. The operation of being blanched, as 
plants, by excluding the light of the sun. 

E-TI-0-LOG'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to etiology. — Arbuthnot. 

E-TI-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. airia and Aoyo?.] That branch of 
medical science which treats of the causes of diseases. 

ET-I-QUETTE' (et-e-ketf), n. [Ft. etiquette.] Forms of cer- 
emony or decorum ; the forms which are observed to- 
ward particular persons, or in particular places. 

ET-NeAN, a. [from Mtna.] Pertaining to Etna. 

t ET'TIN, n. A giant. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

t ETTLE, v. t. To earn.— Boucher. 

ET-Ul' (et-weO, 

ET- 

ET- 

fET-Y-MOL O-GER, n. An etymologist.— Griffith. 

ET-Y-MO-LOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to etymology or the 
derivation of words ; according to or by means of ety- 
mology. 

ET-Y-MO-LOg'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to etymology. 

ET-Y-MO-LOg'IC-ON, n. A treatise in which the etymolo- 
gies of words are traced ; as, Whiter 's Etymologicon. 

ET-Y-MOL'O-GlST, n. One versed in etymology ; one who 
searches into the original of words. 

ET-Y-MOL'0-GiZE, v. i. To search into the origin of 
words ; to deduce words from their simple roots. 

ET-Y-MOL'O-GY, n. [GT.ervfios and *oyos.] 1. That part, 
of philology which explains the origin and derivation of 
words. — In grammar, etymology comprehends the various 
inflections and modifications of words. 2. The deduction 
of words from their originals ; the analysis of compound 
words into their primitives. 

ET'Y-MON, 7i, [Gr. ervnov.] An original root, or primitive 
word. 

Eu'CHA-RIST (yfi'ka-rist), n. [Gr. zvxr.picTia.] 1. The sac- 
rament of the Lord's Supper. 2. The act of giving or re- 
turning thanks. 

EU-CHA-RIST'IC, 

EU-CHA-RISTTC-AL, . 
Lord's Supper. 

Eu'CHLORE (yuTdore), a. [Gr. ev and %Xw/)off.] In miner- 
alogy, having a distinct green color. — Moks. 

EU-CHLo'RIC (yu-klo'rik), a. Of a distinct green color.— 
Euchloric gas, the same as Euchlorine. 

Eu'CHLO-RlNE, n. In chemistry, protoxyd of chlorine. 

EU-CHOL'O-GY (yu-kal'o-je), n. [Gr. evxoXoyiov.] A form- 
ulary of prayers ; the Greek ritual. 

Eu'GHRO-lTE, n. [Gr. Evxpoia.] A transparent brittle min- 
eral of a light emerald green color. 

EU'€HY-MY (yu'ke-me), n. [Gr. ev X v^a-] A good state of 
the blood and other fluids of the body. 

Efj-CHY-SID'ER-ITE, n. A mineral occurring in Norway. 

EfJ'CLiSE, n. A brittle gem of the beryl family, occurring 
in fight green transparent crystals. It comes from the 
topaz localities in Brazil. 

EtJ'€RA-SY (yuTu-a-se), n. [Gr. en and Kpaans.] In medicine, 
such a due or well-proportioned mixture of qualities in 
bodies, as tends to constitute health or soundness. 

Eu€'TI€-AL, a. Containing acts of thanksgiving.— Mcde. 

EU'DI-AL-YTE, n. [Gr. zv and <5taAuw.] A rose-red or brown- 
ish-red mineral occurring in nearly opaque crystals. 

EU-DI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. evdios, ev, Sios, and ^icrpov.] An 
instrument for ascertaining the purity of the atmosphere, 
or, rather, the quantity of oxygen in any given bulk of 
elastic fluid.— Ure. 



1. Containing expressions of 
thanks. 2. Pertaining to the 



P6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J • S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Ai 



EUR 



370 



EVA 



Pertaining to a eudiometer 
performed or ascertained by i 



MJ-Dl-O-MET'RIC, 

EU-DI-O-MET'RIC-AL, 
eudiometer. 

EU-DI-OM'E-TRY, n. The art or practice of ascertaining 
the purity of the air by the eudiometer. 

t Eu'GE, n. Applause. — Hammond. 

Eu'GEN-Y, n. [Gr. £U and yevos.] Nobleness of birth. 

EuGH (yu), n. A tree. See Yew. 

EU-HaR-MON'IC, a. [Gr. ev, and harmonic] Producing 
harmony or concordant sounds. 

Eu'KAI-RlTE, n. [Gr. evKaipog.] Cupreous seleniuret of 
silver, a mineral of a shining lead-gray color. 

£U-LOG'I€, ) n . . . . , : 

EU-LOGTC-AL S a ' ^ ontamm ? praise ; commendatory. 

EU-LOG'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a manner to convey praise. 

Eu'LO-GlST, n. One who praises and commends another. 

EU-LO-GISTIC, a. Commendatory; full of praise. 

EU-LO-GlST'IG-AL-LY, adv. With commendation. 

EU-Lo'Gl-UM, n. A speech or writing in commendation of 
some one ; eulogy. 

Eu'LO-GiZE (yulo-jize), v. t. To praise ; to speak or write 
in commendation of another ; to extol. 

Eu'LO-GlZ£D, pp. Praised; commended. 

Eu'LO-GlZ-ING, ppr. Writing or speaking in praise of. 

Eu'LO-GY, n. [Gr. ev\oyia.] A speech or writing in com- 
mendation of a person. — Syn. Praise ; encomium ; pane- 
gyric; applause. 

Eu'NO-MY, n. [Gr. evvouuu] Equal law, or a well-adjusted 
constitution of government. — Mitford. 

Eu'NUCH (yu'nuk), n. [Gr. ewovxos.] A male of the human 
species castrated. 
Eu'NUCH, v. t. To make a eunuch.— Creech. 

EO'NUCH-aTE, v. t. To make a eunuch ; to castrate. 

Eu'NUCH- A-TED (yu'nuk-), pp. Made a eunuch. 

Eu'NUCH-a-TING, ppr. Making a eunuch. 

Eu'NUCH-I$M, n. The state of being a eunuch. 

EU-ON'Y-MUS, n. [L.] A shrub called spindle-tree. 

EU-OT'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. ev and renvu).] In mineralogy, easi- 
ly cleavable. — Shepard. 

EuTA-THY, n. [Gr. evmiQeia.] Right feeling.— Harris. 

EU-PA-TOR'I-NA, n. A supposed alkaloid, having a pecu- 
liar sharp, bitter taste, obtained from eupatorium cannabi- 
imm, or hemp agrimony. 

Eu'PA-TO-RY, 7i. "[L. eupatorium.] The hemp agrimony. 

EU-PEP'SY (yu-pep'se), n. [Gr. evxerpia.] Good concoction 
in the stomach ; good digestion. 

EU- PEPTIC, a. Having good digestion. 

EO'PHE-MISM (yu'fe-mizm), n. [Gr. w^rmiano;.] A repre- 
sentation of good qualities ; particularly, in rhetoric, a fig- 
ure by which a delicate word or expression is substituted 
for one which is offensive. 

EU-PHE-MISTIC (yu-fe-mis'tik), a. Containing euphe- 
mism ; rendering more decent or delicate in expression. 

EU-PHON'IC, ) a. Agreeable in sound ; pleasing to the 

EU-PHON'I€-AL, 5 ear. 

EuTHO-NISM (yu'fo-nizm), n. An agreeable combination 
of sounds. 

EU-PHo/NI-OUS, a. Agreeable in sound. 

EU-PHo'NLOUS-LY, adv. With euphony ; harmoniously. 

Eu'PHO-NiZE (yu'fo-nize), v. t. To make agreeable in sound. 

Eu'PHO-NY (yu'fo-ne), n. [Gr. evipuvia.] An agreeable 
sound ; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds. 

EU-PHOR'BI-A, n. [Gr. £v<pop6in.] In botany, spurge, or 
bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species. 

ETJ-PHOR'BI-UM, n. [L.] In materia medica, an inspissated 
sap exuding from an African plant, of a biting taste, and 
extremely acrimonious. 

Eu'PHO-TlDE, n. A name given by the French to the ag- 
gregate of diallage and saussurite. 

ECTHRA-SY (yu'fra-se), n. [Gr. evcppacia.] Eyebright, a 
genus of plants. 

F.U'PHU-ISM, n. [Gr. ebtyvris.} An affectation of excessive 
elegance and refinement oi language ; high-flown diction. 

Eu'PHU-IST (yu'fu-ist), n. [Gr. £h<pvm-\ One who affects 
excessive refinement and elegance of language ; applied 
particularly to a class of writers in trie age of Elizabeth, 
whose unnatural and high-flown diction is ridiculed in 
Sir Walter Scott'3 Monastery, in the character of Sir Per- 
cy Shafton. 

EU-PHU-IST1C, a. Belonging to euphuism, or the euphuists. 

EU-Ra'SIAN, n. or a. [A contraction of European and Asian.] 
A term applied in India to one born of a European on the 
one_side and an Asiatic on the other. 

EU-Rl'PUS, n. [Gr. cvpnros.] A strait; a narrow tract of 
water. 

Eu'RlTE, n. The French name of feldspathic granite ; the 

white stone (weiss stein) of Werner. 
EU-ROC'LY-DON, n. [Gr. cvpos and k\vSojv.] A tempestu- 
ous wind, such as drove ashore, on Malta, the ship in 
which St. Paul was sailing to Italy. 
F.U'ROPE, n. The great quarter of the earth that lies be- 
tween the Atlantic Ocean and Asia, and between the Med- 
iterranean Sea and the North Sea. 



EU-RO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to Europe. 

EU-RO-PE'AN, n. A native of Europe. 

EO'RUS, n. [L.l The east wind. 

Eii'RYTH-MY (yu'rith-me), n. [Gr. ev sad pvd/xoS.] In or -ra 
tecture, painting, and sculpture, ease, majesty, and elegance 
of the parts of a body, arising from just proportions. 

EU-Se'BI-AN, n. A follower of Eusebius of Nicomedia, who 
was a friend and protector of Arius. 

EU-STa'€HI-AN (yu-sta'ke-an), a. The eustachian tube is a 
small pipe or duct running from a cavity of the ear ioto 
the back part of the mouth. 

Eu'STyLE, n. [Gr. ev and ctv\os.] In architecture, a term 
denoting a building in which the columns are placed at 
the most convenient distances from each other, t. e., two 
and one fourth diameters apart. 

tEO'TAX-Y, n. [Gr. Evra\ia.] Established order.— Waterh: 

EU-TER'PE, n. In mythology, the muse who presided over 
wind instruments ; and to whom, also, was ascribed the 
invention of tragedy. 

EU-TER'PE-AN, a. Pertaining to Euterpe ; an epithet fre 
quently bestowed on musical associations. 

Eu'THA-NA-SY or ETT-THAN'A-SY, n. [Gr. evQavaoia ; L 
euthanasia.] An easy death. 

EU-TY€H'I-AN, n. A follower of Eutychius, wJiu neld thai 
the divine and human natures of Christ, after their union, 
became so blended together as to be but one nature ; a 
Monophysite. — J. Murdoch. 

EU-TYCH'I-AN-ISM (yu-tik'e-an-izm), n. The doctrine of 
Eutychius. 

t E-Va'€aTE, v. t. [L. vaco.] To empty.— Harvey. 

E-VAC'U-ANT, a. [L. evacuans.] Emptying; freeing from 

E-VAC'U-ANT, n. A medicine which procures evaraations, 
or promotes the natural secretions and excretions. 

E-VACU-ITE, v. t. [L. evacuo.] 1. To make empty ; to free 
from any thing contained. 2. To throw out; to eject; to 
void ; to discharge, as the contents of the stomach. 3. To 
empty ; to free from contents, as the stomach. 4. To quit , 
to withdraw from a place. 5. To make void ; to nullify , 
[in this sense, vacate is more used.] 

E-VAC'U-A-TED, pp. or a. Emptied ; cleared ; freed from 
the contents ; quitted, as by an army or garrison ; ejected ; 
discharged ; vacated. 

E-VAC'U-A-TING, ppr. Emptying ; making void or vacant , 
withdrawing from. 

E-VAC-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of emptying or clearing of 
the contents ; the act of withdrawing from, as an army or 
garrison. 2. Discharges by stool or other natural means ; 
a diminution of the fluids of an animal body. 3. Abolition ; 
nullification. 

E-VAC'tT-A-TlVE, a. That evacuates. 

E-VACU-A-TOR, n. One who makes void. — Hammond. 

E-VaDE', v. t. [L. evado.] 1. To avoid by dexterity. 2. To 
avoid or escape by artifice or stratagem; to slip away. 
3. To elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address, or ingenu- 
ity. 4. To escape as imperceptible. — South. 

E-VaDE', v. i. 1. To escape ; to slip away. 2. To attempt 
to escape ; to practice artifice or sophistry, for the purpose 
of eluding. — Syn. To prevaricate ; equivocate ; shuffle. 

E- VaD'ED, pp. Avoided ; eluded. 

E-VaD'ING, ppr. Escaping ; avoiding ; eluding ; slipping 
away from danger, pursuit, or attack. 

EV-A-Ga'TION, n. [L. evagatio.] The act of wandering ; 
excursion ; a roving or rambling. 

E-VAG-IN-a'TION, n. [h. e and vagina.] The act of un- 
sheathing. 

t E'VAL, a. [L. tzvum.] Relating to time or duration. 

E-VAL-U-a'TION, n. [Ft.] Valuation ; apprizement. [Not 
used.] 

EV-A-NES'CENCE, 11. [L. evanescens.) 1. A vanishing ; a 
gradual departure from sight or possession. 2. The state 
of being liable to vanish. 

EV-A-NES'CENT, a. Vanishing ; subject to vanishing ■ 
fleeting ; passing away ; liable to dissipation. 

EV-AN-ES'CENT-LY, adv. In a vanishing manner. 

t E-VAN'GEL, n. [L. evangelium.] The Gospel. — Chaucer. 

t EV-AN-Ge'LI-AN, a. Rendering thanks for favors. 

*E-VAN-gEL'IC, la. [Low L. evangelicus.] 1. .Accord 

E-VAN-GEL'IC-AL, 5 ing to the Gospel ; consonant to the 
doctrines and precepts of the Gospel. 2. Contained in the 
Gospel. 3. Sound in the doctrines of the Gospel ; orthodox. 

E-VAN-GEL'IC-AL-ISM, n. Adherence to evangelical doc- 
trines. 

E-VAN-GEL'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner according to tin 
Gospel. 

ErVAN'GEL-ISM, n. The promulgation of the Gospei. 

E-VAN'GEL -I ST, n. 1. A writer oi' the history of our bless- 
ed Savior, Jesus Christ. 2. A preacher of the Gospel, li- 
censed to preach, but not having charge of a particular 
church. 

E-VAN'GEL-IST-A-RY, n. A selection of passages from lie 
Gospels, as a lesson in divine service. 

E-VAN-GEL-I-Zi'TION, n. The act of evangelizing. 

E-VAN'GEL-tZE, v. t. [Low L. evangelizo.] To instruct in 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I. &ts:, long.— I, e. i, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOQX, 



EVE 



371 



EVE 



the Go3pel ; to preach the Gospel to, and convert to a be- 
lief of the Gospel. 

E-VAN'gEL-iZE, v. i. To preach the Gospel. 

K VAN'6EL-lZ£D, pp. or a. Instructed in the Gospel ; con- 
verted to abelief of the Gospel, or to Christianity. 

E-VAN'GEL-lZ-ING, ppr. Instructing in the doctrines and 
precepts of the Gospel ; converting to Christianity. 

t E-VAN'GEL-Y, n. Good tidings ; the Gospel.— Spenser. 

E-VAN'ID, a. [L. evanidus.] Faint ; weak ; evanescent ; 
hable to vanish or disappear. — Bacon. 

E-VAN'ISH, v. i. [L. eva?iesco.] To vanish ; to disappear ; 
to escape from sight or perception. 

E-VAN1SH-MENT, n. A vanishing ; disappearance. 

E-VAP'O-RA-BLE, a. That may be converted into vapor ; 
that may be dissipated by evaporation. 

E-VAP'O-RaTE, v. i. [L. evaporo.] 1. To pass off in vapor, 
as a fluid ; to escape and be dissipated ; to exhale. 2. To 
escape or pass off without effect ; to be dissipated ; to be 
wasted. 

£-VAP'0-RaTE, v. t. 1. To convert or resolve a fluid into 
vapor, which is specifically fighter than the air , to dissi- 
pate in fumes, steam, or minute particles. 2. To give 
vent to ; to pour out in words or sound. 

E-VAP'O-RATE, a. Dispersed in vapors. 

E-VAP'O-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Converted into vapor or steam 
and dissipated ; dissipated in insensible particles, as a fluid. 

E-VAP'O-Ra-TING, ppr. Resolving into vapor. 

E-VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. 1. The conversion of a fluid into 
vapor. 2. The act of flying off in fumes ; vent ; discharge. 
— 3. In pharmacy, the operation of drawing off a portion 
of a fluid in steam, that the remainder may be of a greater 
consistence, or more concentrated. 

E-VAP'O-RA-TlVE, a. Pertaining to or producing evapo- 
ration. 

E-VAP-O-ROM'E-TER, n. [L. evaporo, and Gr. fierpov.] An 
instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid evapo- 
rated in a given time ; an atmometer. 

E-VI'SION (e-va'zhun), n. [L. evasio.] The act of eluding 
or avoiding ; artifice to elude. — Syn. Shift ; subterfuge ; 
shuffling; prevarication; equivocation. 

E-Va'SIVE, a. 1. Using evasion or artifice to avoid ; elu- 
sive ; shuffling ; equivocating. 2. Containing evasion ; 
artfully contrived to elude a question, charge, or argument. 

E-Va'SiVE-LY, adv. By evasion or subterfuge ; elusively ; 
in a manner to avoid a direct reply or a charge. 

E-Va'SiVE-NESS. n, The quality or state of being evasive. 

EVE, n. The consort of Adam, and mother of the human 
race ; so called by Adam, because she was the mother of 
all living. 

E-VEC'TION, n. [L. eveho.] 1. A carrying out or away ; 
also, a lifting or extolling ; exaltation. Pearson. — 2. In as- 
tronomy, a change of form in the lunar orbit, by which its 
eccentricity is sometimes increased and sometimes dimin- 

_ ished. — D. Olmsted. 

EVE, In. [Sax. afen, efen.] 1. The decline of the 

E'ViDN (e'vn), 5 sun ; the latter part or close of the day, 
and beginning of the night. Shak. — 2. Eve is used, also, 
lor the evening before a . holyday ; as, Christmas Eve. 
3. The period just preceding some important event ; as, 
the eve of an engagement. 

f:'VEN (e'vn), a. [Sax. efen; D. even.] 1. Level; smooth 
of an equal surface ; flat ; not rough or waving. 2. Uni- 
form; equal; calm; not easily ruffled or disturbed, ele 
vated or depressed, as the mind or temper. 3. Level with 
parallel to ; as, even with the ground. 4. Not leaning 
5. Equally favorable ; on a level in advantage ; fair. 6 
Owing nothing on either side ; having accounts balanced 
7. Settled ; balanced, as accounts. 8. Equal, as numbers, 
9. Capable of being divided into two equal parts, without 
a remainder. 

e'VjEN (e'vn), v. t. 1. To make even or level ; to level ; to 
lay smooth. 2. To place in an equal state, a3 to obliga- 
tion, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side : 
to balance accounts. 

f e'VEN, v. i. To be equal to.— Carew. 

I'VE N (e'vn), adv. 1. Noting a level or equality ; or, em- 
phatically, a like manner or degree. 2. Noting equality or 
sameness of time ; hence, emphatically, the very time. 3. 
Noting, emphatically, identity of person. 4. Likewise ; in 
like manner. 5. So much as. 6. Noting the application 
of something to that which is less probably included in 
the phrase; or bringing something within a description 
which is unexpected. 

E'VJSN-HAND, n. Equality.— Bacon. 

E'VJSN-HAND-ED, a. Impartial; equitable; just— Shak. 

E'VEN KEEL. A ship is properly said to be on an even 
keel when she draws the same water abaft and forward. 
The term is sometimes used, though inaccurately, to de- 
note that she is not inclined to either side, but is upright. 
— Brande. 

E'VjEN-MlND'ED, a. Having 1 equanimity. 

E/V.EN-SONG, n. 1. A song for the evening; a form of 
worship for the evening. 2. The evening. 



£'VEN-TlDE, n. [even, and Sax tid.] The time of even. 
ing^ evening. [This word is nearly obsolete.] 

t_E-VENE', v. i. [L. evenio.] To happen. — Hewyt. 

E'V.ENiEI) (e'vnd), pp. Made even or level. 

E'VJENER (e'vn-er), n. One who makes even. 

E VjEN-ING (e'vn-ing), n. 1. The latter part and close of the 
day, and the beginning of darkness or night ; properly, the 
decline or fall of the day, or of the sun. 2. The decline or 

_ latter part of life. 3. The decline of any thing. 

E'VEN-ING, a. Being at the close of day. 

EV.EN-ING-HYMN, \n. A hymn or song to be sung at 

E'V.EN-ING-SONG, 5 evening. 

eVjEN-ING-STaR, n. Hesperus, or Vesper ; Venus, when 
visible in the evening. 

E'VjEN-LY (e'vn-ly), adv. 1. With an even, level, or smooth 
surface ; without roughness. 2. Equally ; uniformly ; in 
an equipoise. 3. In a level position ; horizontally. 4. Im- 

_ partially ; without bias from favor or enmity. 

E'VJSN-NESS, n. 1. The state of being even, level, or smooth , 
equality of surface. 2. Uniformity ; regularity, as of motion. 
3. Freedom from inclination to either side ; equal distance 
from either extreme. 4. Horizontal position; levelness 
of surface. 5. Impartiality between parties ; equal re- 
spect. 6. Calmness ; equality of temper ; freedom from 
perturbation ; a state of mind not subject to elevation or 
depression ; equanimity. 

E-VENT", n. [L. eventus.] 1. That which comes, arrives, or 
happens ; that which tails out good or bad. 2. The con- 
sequence of any thing ; that in which an action, operation, 
or series of operations terminates. — Syn. Incident ; occur- 
rence ; adventure ; issue ; result ; termination ; consc^ 
quence ; conclusion. 

t E-VENT, v. i. To break forth. 

E-VENT'ER-ITE, v. t. [Fr. eventrer.] To open the bowels , 
to rip open ; to disembowel. — Brown. 

E-VENT'ER-I-TED, pp. Having the bowels opened. 

E-VENT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Opening the bowels. 

E-VENTFUL, a. Full of events or incidents ; producing 
numerous or great changes, either in public or private 
affairs. 

E-VEN'TI-LITE, v. t. To winnow; to fan; to discuaa. 

E-VEN-TI-La'TION, n. A fanning; discussion. 

E-VENTU-AL, a. 1. Coming or happening as a conse- 
quence or result of any thing ; consequential. 2. Final ; 
terminating; ultimate. 

E-VENT-U-AL'I-TY, n. Among phrenologists, that organ 
which takes cognizance of occurrences or events. — Brande. 

E-VENTU-AL-LY, adv. In the event ; in the final issue. 

E-VENT'U-ITE, v. i. To issue ; to come to an end ; to 
close ; to terminate. — J. Lloyd. [Rare in England.] 

E-VENT'U-I-TING, ppr. Issuing ; terminating. 

EVER, adv. [Sax. tzfre, efre.] 1. At any time ; at any period 
or point of time, past or future ; as, were you ever there ? 
2. At all times ; as, ever present — -3. Forever, eternally ; 
to perpetuity ; during everlasting continuance. — 4. Ever 
and anon, at one time and another; now and then. 5. In 
any degree ; as, no one is ever the happier for being self 
ish. 6." A word of enforcement or emphasis. 7. In poet 
ry, and sometimes in prose, ever is contracted into e'er. 
Syn. Always ; perpetually ; continually ; incessantly ; un 
ceasinglv ; constantly. 

EV-ER-ACT'lVE, a. Active at all times. 

EV-ER-BUB'BLING, a. Continually boiling or bubbling. 

EV-ER-BURN'ING, a. Burning continually or without in 
termission ; never extinct. 

EV-ER-CHaNG'ING, a. Very changeable. 

EV-ER-DE-C1YTNG, a. Always decaying. 

EV-ER-DfJRTNG, a. Enduring forever.— Raleigh. 

EV-ER-DY'ING, a. Always dying. 

EV-ER-EX-PANDTNG, a. Always expanding. 

EVER-GREEN, a. Always green; verdant throughout 
the year. 

EV-ER-GRoWTNG, a. Always growing. 

EV-ER-HISTING, a. Always hasting. 

EV-ER-HON'ORjED (-on'ord), a. Always honored.— Pope. 

EV-ER-LIV'ING, a. 1. Living without end ; eternal; im- 
mortal ; having eternal existence. 2. Continual • inces- 
sant; unintermitted. 

EV-ER-MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. Worthy to be always remem- 
bered. 

EV-ER-5TJEN (-6'pn), a. Always open; never closed. 

EV-ER-PLSAS'ING, a. Always pleasing; ever giving d> 
light. — Sidney. 

EV-ER-RE-CURTtlNG. a. Always recurring. 

EV-ER-RESTLESS, a. Always restless. 

EV-ER-RE-VeR-ED' (-re-verd'), a. Always revered. 

EV-ER-SMIL'ING, a. Always s m il i ng. 

EV-ER-VER'DANT, a. Always green. — Verplanck. 

EV-ER-WaK'ING, a. Always awake. 

EV-ER-WaST'ING, a. Always wasting. 

EV-ER-WATCHFUL, a. Always watching or vigilant 

EV-ER-Y6UNG', a. Always young or fresh ; not subject 
to old age or decay ; undecaying. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. t Omiet*. 



EV1 



372 



EWE 



EV'ER-GLaDE n. A tract of land covered with water 
and grass. 

EVER-GREEN, n. A plant that retains its verdure through 
all the seasons. 

EV-ER-LaST'ING. a. 1. Lasting or enduring forever; 
continuing without end. 2. Perpetual ; continuing indefi- 
nitely, or during the present state of things. — 3. In popular 
usage, constantly recurring. — Syn. Eternal ; immortal ; 
interminable ; endless ; infinite ; unceasing ; uninterrupt- 
ed; continual; unintermitted ; incessant. 

EV-ER-LAST'ING, n. 1. Eternity; eternal duration, past 
and future. 2. A popular name of certain plants, from 
the permanence of the color and form of their dry flow- 
ers, as the American cudweed. 

EV-ER-L aSTTNG-Pe A, n. A plant of the vetch kind. 

EV-ER-LASTTNG-LY, adv. Eternally ; perpetually ; con- 
tinually. — Swift. 

EV-ER-LaST'ING-NESS, n. Eternity; endless duration ; 
indefinite duration. — Bonne. [Little used.] 

EV-ER-MoRE', adv. 1. Always ; eternally. 2. Always ; at 
all times. 

f E- VERSE' (e-vers 7 ), v. t. [L. eversus.] To overthrow or 
subvert. — Glanville. 

E-VER'SION, n. [L. eversio.] An overthrowing; desti no- 
tion. Taylor. — Eversion of the eyelids, a disease in which 
the internal surface of the eyelids is outermost. — Forsyth. 

E-VERT', v. t. [L. everto.] To overturn ; to overthrow , to 
destroy. — Ayliffe. [Little used.] 

E-VERT'ED, pp. Overturned. 

E- VERTING, ppr. Overthrowing. 

EV'ER-Y, a. [Old Eng. everich ; Sax. afre and ale] Each 
individual of a whole collection or aggregate number. 

EV'ER-Y-DIY, a. Used or being every day ; common ; 
usual. 

EV'ER-Y-WHERE, adv. In every place ; in all places. 

EVES'-DROP. See Eaves-drop. 

EVES'-DROP-PER, n. One who stands under the eave3 to 
listen privately. See Eaves-dropper. 

t E-VES'TI-GaT E, v. t. See Investigate. 

EV'ET. See Eft. 

) E-VT'BRaTE. See Vibrate. 

E-VI€T', v. t. [L. evinco, evictum.] 1. To dispossess by a 
judicial process, or course of legal proceedings ; to recov- 
er lands or tenements by law. 2. To take away by sen- 
tence of law. 3. To evince ; to prove ; [not used.] 

E-VICT'ED, pp. Dispossessed by sentence of law ; recov- 
ered by legal process. 

E-VICTING, ppr. Dispossessing by course of law. 

E-VICTION, n. 1. Dispossession by judicial sentence ; the 
recovery of lands or tenements from another's possession 
by due course of law. 2. Proof; conclusive evidence. 

EV'I-DENCE, n. [Fr., from L. evidential 1. That which 
elucidates, and enables the mind to see truth; proof aris- 
ing from our own perceptions by the senses, or from the 
testimony of others, or from inductions of reason. 2. Any 
instrument or writing which contains proof. 3. A wit- 
ness ; one who testifies to a fact. — W. Pitt. — Rich. Diet. 

EV'I-DENCE, v. t. To elucidate ; to prove ; to make clear 
to the mind ; to show. — Milton. 

EVIDENCED (eVe-denst), pp. Made clear to the mind ; 
proved. 

EV'I-DENC-ING, ppr. Proving clearly ; manifesting. 

EVI-DENT, a. Open to be seen; clear to the mental eye. 
— Syn. Plain; clear; obvious; manifest; visible; appar- 
ent; notorious. 

EV-I-DENTIAL, a. Affording evidence ; clearly proving. — 
Scott. 

EV'I-DENT-LY, adv. In a manner to be seen and under- 
stood; in a manner to convince the mind. — Syn. Plainly; 
clearly; obviously; manifestly; certainly; notoriously. 

E-VId-I-LITION, n. [L. evigilatio.] A waking. 

ti'ViL (e'vl), a. [Sax. efel, yfel] 1. Having bad qualities of 
a natural kind ; having qualities which tend to injury, or 
to produce mischief. 2. Having bad qualities of a moral 
land. 3. Unfortunate; unhappy; producing sorrow, dis- 
tress, injury, or calamity ; as, evil tidings. — Syn. Mischiev- 
ous ; pernicious ; injurious ; hurtful ; destructive ; wicked ; 
bad ; corrupt ; perverse ; wrong ; vicious ; calamitous. 

S'VJL, n. 1. Evil is natural or moral. — Natural evil is any 
thing which produces pain, distress, loss, or calamity, or 
which in any way disturbs the peace, impairs the happi- 
ness, or destroys the perfection of natural beings. — Moral 
evil is any deviation of a moral agent from the rules of 
conduct prescribed to him by God, or by legitimate human 
authority. 2. Misfortune ; harm ; ill ; mischief ; injury. 
3. Depravity ; corruption of heart, or disposition to com- 
mit wickedness ; malignity. 4. Malady ; as, the king's 
evil, or scrofula. 

E'V/L (e'vl) ; adv. [generally contracted to ill.] 1. Not well ; 
not with justice or propriety ; unsuitably. 2. Not virtu- 
ously ; not innocently. 3. Not happily ; unfortunately.— 
Deut. 4. Injuriously ; not kindly. 

F/V/L-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Not well disposed ; unkind. 



commit! 



E'VIL-B U) ING, a. Presaging evil 

E'V/L-DJ'ER, n. 0"e who does evil; one who 
sin, crime, or an$ mora 1 wrong. 

E'V7L-EYE (e'vl-i) n. A ssroposed power of fascinating, 
bewitching, or otnei'visb injuiing Vy the eyes or looks.— 
Encyc. Am. 

E'VJL-EfTJD (e'v 1 -id6 / , a. Look 'ug with an evil eye, oi 

_ with envy, jealousy, or bad design. 

X'V/L-Fa'VOR2?B, a. Having abod co.-ntenance or ex- 
ternal appearance : ill-favored. 

E'VJL-Fa'VORE D-NESS, n. Deformity.— Deut. 

E'V/L-MlND'ED, a. Having evil dispositions or inten 
tions ; disposed to mischief or sin ; malicious ; malignant 

_ wicked. 

e'V7L-o'MENjEJD, a. Attended with unfavorable omens. 

E'VJL-ONE (e'vl-wun), w. The great enemy of souls , 



e'V/L-SPeAKTNG (e'vl-speek'ing), n. Slander: defama 
tion; calumny; censoriousness. 

E'VIL-WISH'ING, a. Wishing harm to.— Sidney. 

e'V/L-W6RK'ER ( wurk-), n. One who does wickedness 

E'V/L-LY, adv. Not well. — Bp. Taylor. [Little used.] 

E'V/L-NESS, n. Badness; viciousness ; malignity. 

E-VINCE' (e-vins'), v. t. [L. evinco.] 1. To show in a cleai 
manner ; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt ; to mak< 
evident. 2. To conquer ; [not in use.] — Syn. Prove ; dem 
onstrate ; manifest ; argue. 

E-VINCE', v. i. To prove.— Bp. Hall. 

E-VINCE D' (e-vinsf), pp. Made evident ; proved. 

E-VINCE'MENT. n. Act of evincing. 

E-VIN'CI-BLE, a. Capable of proof; demonstrable. 

E-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner to force conviction. 

E-VIN'CiVE, a. Tending to prove; having the power t» 
demonstrate. 

t E'VI-RITE or EV'I-RITE, v. t. [L. eviratus.] To emas 
culate. 

EV-I-Ra'TION, n. Castration.— Cockeram. 

E-VIS'CER-aTE, v. t. [L. eviscero.] To embowel or disem 
bowel ; to take out the entrails ; to search the bowels. 

E-VIS'CER-a-TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels. 

E-VIS'CER-a-TING, ppr. Disemboweling. 

EV'1-TA-BLE, a. [L. cvitabilis.] That may be shunned , 
avoidable. — Hooker. [Little used.] 

EVI-TaTE, v. t. [L. evito.] To shun ; to avoid ; to escape 
— Shah. [Little used.] 

EV-I-TaTION, n. An avoiding ; a shunning. — Bacon. 

t E-VlTE', v. t. [L. evito.] To shun. — Drayton. 

EV-I-TER'NAL, a. [Lat. aviternus.] Duration infinitely 
long. 

EV-I-TER'NI-TY, n. Duration infinitely long. 

EV'O-CITE. See Evoke. 

EV-0-€a'TION, n. A calling forth ; a calling from one tri 
bunal to another. 

EV'O-Ca-TOR, n. [L.] One who calls forth.— TV. A. Rev. 

E-VoKE', v. t. [L. evoco.] 1. To call forth. 2. To call from 
one tribunal to another ; to remove. 

E-V5K.ED' (e-vokf), pp. Called forth. 

E-VoK'ING, ppr. Calling forth. 

EV-O-LAT'IC, a. Apt to fly away. 

EV-O-La'TION, n. [L. evolo.] The act of flying away.— Bp 
Hall. 

EV'O-LUTE, n. In geometry, a curve, from which another 
curve, called the involute, or evolvent, is described by the 
end of a thread gradually wound upon the former, or un- 
wound from it. — P. Cyc. 

EV-O-LuTION, n. [L. evolutio.] 1. The act of unfolding. 
2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. — 3. In geometry, 
the unfolding or opening of a curve, and making it describe 
an evolvent ^>r involute. — 4. In arithmetic and algebra, evo- 
lution is the extraction of roots ; the reverse of involution. 
— 5. In military tactics, the doubling of ranks or files, 
wheeling, countermarching, or other motion by which the 
disposition of troops is changed. 

EV-O-Lu'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to evolution. 

E-VOLVE' (e-volv'), v. t. [L. evolvo.] I. To unfold; to open 
and expand. 2. To throw out ; to emit. 

E-VOLVE', v. i. To open itself; to disclose itself. 

E-VOLV.ED' (e-volvd'), pp. Unfolded ; opened ; expanded , 
emitted. 

E-VOLV'ENT, n. In geometry, the involute ; the curve re- 
sulting from the evolution of another curve, called the 
evolute. [Little used.] 

E-VOLV'ING, ppr. Unfolding; expanding; emitting. 

E-VOLVE'MENT, n. The act of evolving; the state o* 
being evolved. 

EV-0-Ml"TION (-mish'un), n. A vomiting.— Swift 

E-VUL'GaTE. v. t. [L. evulgo.] To publish. 

E-VUL'Ga-TED. pp. Published. 

F-VUL'Gl-TING, ppr. Making public. 

i SV-UL-Ga'TION, n. A divulging. 

K-VUL'SION, n. [L. evulsio.] The act of plucking or puii 
ing out by force. — Brown. 

EWE (yu), n. [Sax. eowa, eowe.] A female sheep. 



i Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, f, & c ., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



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373 



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EWER (yu'er). n. [Sax. huer, or hwer.] A kind of pitcher, 
used to bring water for washing the hands. 

EW'RY (yii'ry), n. In England, an office in the king's 
household, where they take care of the linen for the king's 
table, lay the cloth, and serve up water in ewers after 
dinner. 

FX. A Latin preposition or prefix, Greek el or ek, signifying 
out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it.sig- 
nifies sometimes out of as in exclude ; sometimes off, from, 
or out, as in L. excindo, to cut off or out ; sometimes be- 
yond, as in excess, excel. In some words it is merely em- 
phatical ; in others it has little effect on the signification. — 
Ex, prefixed to names of office, denotes that a person has 
ceased to hold it ; as, ex-president. 

EX CHaN'CEL-LOR, n. One who has been chancellor, 
but has left the office. 

EX-COM'MIS-SA-RY, n. A commissary dismissed from of- 
fice ; one formerly a commissary. 

EX-DI-RE€TOR, n: One who has been, but is no longer, 
a director. 

EX-LEG'IS-L X-TOR, n. One who has been a legislator, but 
is not at present 

EX-MXYOR (-ma'or), n. One who has been, but is no 
longer, mayor. 

EX-MIN'IS-TER, n. One who has been minister, but is not 
in office. 

EX-PoPE', n. A pope deposed from office. — M' Gavin. 

EX-PRe'FE€T, n. A prefect out of office. 

F.X-PRES'I-DENT, n. One who has been, but is no longer, 
preei.ient. 

EX-REP-BE-SENFA-TfVE, n. One who has been for- 
merly a representative, but is no longer one. 

EX-SECRE-TA-RY, n. One who has been secretary, but 
is no longer in office. 

EX-SEN'A-TOR n. One who has been a senator, but is no 
longer one. 

* EX-A-CER'BaTE, v. t. [L. exacerbo.] 1. To irritate ; to 
exasperate ; to inflame angry passions ; to imbitter ; to 
increase malignant qualities. 2. To increase the violence 
of a disease. 

EX-A-CER'Ba-TED, pp. Exasperated. 

EX-A-CER'BI-TING, ppr. Exasperating. 

EX-AC-ER-Ba'TION, n. 1. The act of exasperating ; the 
irritation of angry or malignant passions or qualities ; in- 
crease of malignity. — 2. Among physicians, a periodical in- 
crease of violence in a disease. 3. Increased severity. 

EX-AC-ER-BES'CENCE, n. [L. exacerbesco.] Increase of 
irritation or violence of a fever or disease. 

EX-AC-ER-Va'TION, n. [L. acervus.] The act of heaping 
up. — Diet. 

EX-A€T (egz-akt), a. [L. exactus.] 1. Closely correct or 
regular ; conformed to rule. 2. Not different in the least ; 
as, the exact truth. 3. Not negligent ; observing strict 
method, rule, or order. 4. Punctual; as, exact in keeping 
appointments. 5. Strict ; as, the exactest vigilance. — Syn. 
Accurate ; correct ; precise ; nice ; methodical ; careful. 

EX-ACT (egz-akf), v. t. [L. exigo, exactum.] 1. To force 
or compel to pay or yield ; to demand or require authori- 
tatively ; to extort by means of authority. 2. To demand 
of right; as, to exact obedience. 3. To demand of neces- 
sity ; to enforce a yielding or compliance ; or to enjoin 
with pressing urgency. 

EX-A€T, v. i. To practice extortion. 

EX-A€TED, pp. Demanded by authority ; extorted. 

EX-A€T'ER, n. One who exacts ; an extortioner. 

EX-ACTING, ppr. Demanding and compelling; requiring 
authoritatively ; extorting ; compelling by necessity. 

EX-ACTION (egz-ak'shun), n. 1. The act of demanding 
with authority, and compelling to pay or yield ; authori- 
tative demand ; a levying or drawing from by force ; a 
driving to compliance. 2. Extortion ; a wresting from 
one unjustly. 3. That which is exacted ; tribute, fees, re- 
wards, or contributions demanded or levied with severity 
or injustice. 

EX-ACT'I-TUDE, n. Exactness. [Little used.] 

EX-A€T'LY, adv. 1. Precisely according to rule or meas- 
ure ; nicely ; accurately. 2. Precisely according to fact. 
3. Precisely according to principle, justice, or right. 

EX-A€T'NESS (egz-akfnes), n. 1. Accuracy ; nicety ; pre- 
cision. 2. Regularity ; careful conformity to law or rules 
of propriety. 3. Careful observance of method and con- 
formity to truth. 

EX-ACT'OR, n. 1. One who exacts ; an officerwho collects 
tribute, taxes, or customs. 2. An extortioner ; one who 
compels another to pay more than is legal or reasonable. 
3. He whe demands by authority. 4. One who is un- 
reasonably severe in his demands. — Tillotson. 

EX-ACTRESS, n. A female who exacts. — Ben Jonson. 

\ EX-AC'U-aTE, v. t. [L. exacuo.} To whet or sharpen. 

EX-AC-F-A'TION, u. Whetting or sharpening.— Cockeram. 

EX-AG'gKR-aTE, v.t. [L. exoggero.} 1. To heap on; to 
accumulate. 2. To heighten ; to enlarge beyond the truth ; 
to amplify ; to represent as greater than strict truth will 



warrant — 3. In painting, to heighten in coloring or as- 
sign. 

EX-Ag'GER-a-TED, pp. or a. Enlarged beyond the truth. 

EX-AG'gER-a-TING, ppr Enlarging or amplifying beyond 
the truth. 

EX-AG-GER-a'TION, n. 1. A heaping together ; heap ; ac 
cumulation ; [little used.] — 2. In rhetoric, amplification ; a 
representation of things beyond the truth ; hyperbolical 
representation, whether of good or evil. — 3. In painting, a 
method of giving a representation of things too strong for 
the life. 

EX-AG'GER-A-TO-RY, a. Containing exaggeration. 

t EX-AG'I-TaTE, v. t. [L. exagito.] To shake j to agitate ; to 
reproach. — Arbuthnot. 

EX-AG'1-Ta-TED, pp. A;ritated. 

EX-AG-I-Ta'TION, n. Ajatation. 

EX-ALT (egz-awlt), v. t. [Fr. exalter.] 1. To raise high ; tu 
elevate. 2. To elevate in power, wealth, rank, or dignity. 
3. To elevate with joy or confidence. 4. To raise~whh 
pride ; to make undue pretensions to power, rank, or es- 
timation ; to elevate too high, or above others. 5. To el- 
evate in estimation and praise ; to magnify ; to praise ; to 
extol. 6. To raise, as the voice ; to raise in opposition. 

7. To elevate in diction or sentiment ; to make sublime. — 

8. In physics, to elevate ; to purify ; to subtilize ; to refine 
EX-ALT-a'TION, n. 1. The act of raising high. 2. Eleva- 
tion to power, office, rank, dignity, or excellence. 3. El- 
evated state ; state of greatness or dignity. — 1. In pharma- 
cy, the refinement or subtilization of bodies or their qual- 
ities and virtues, or the increase of then- strength. — 5. In 
astrology, the dignity of a planet, in which its powers are 
increased. 

EX-ALT'ED, pp. or a. Raised to a lofty height ; elevated ; 
honored with office or rank ; extolled ; magnified ; refined : 
dignified; sublime. 

EX-ALTED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being elevated. 2 
Conceited dignity or greatness. 

EX-ALTER, n. One who exalts or raises to dignity. 

EX-ALT'ING, ppr. Elevating ; raising to an eminent sta- 
tion ; praising ; extolling ; magnifying ; refining. 

EX-a'MEN (egz-a'men), n. [L.examen.] Examination; dis- 
quisition ; inquiry. — Brown. [Little used.] 

EX-AMTN-A-BLE (egz-), a. That may be examined ; prop- 
er for judicial examination or inquiry. 

EX-AMTN-ANT, n. One who is to be examined. 

EX-AM'IN-ATE, n. The person examined — Bacon. 

EX-AM-IN-A'TION, n. [L. examinatio.] 1. The act of ex 
amining ; a careful search or inquiry, with a view to dis- 
cover truth, or the real state of things ; careful and ac- 
curate inspection of a thing and its parts, as of an account 
2. Mental inquiry ; disquisition ; careful consideration of 
the circumstances or facts which relate to a subject or 
question. 3. Trial by a rule or law. — 4. In judicial pro- 
ceedings, a careful inquiry into facts by testimony. — 5. In 
seminaries of learning, an inquiry into the acquisitions of 
the students. — 6. In chemistry and other sciences, a search- 
ing for the nature and qualities of substances by experi- 
ments. — Syn. Search ; inquiry ; investigation ; research ; 
scrutiny; inquisition; inspection. 

t EX-AM'IN-A-TOR, n. An examiner.— Brown. 

EX-AM'lNE (egz-am'in), v. t. [L. examino.] 1. To inspect 
carefully, with a view to discover truth or the real state 
of a thing. 2. To search or inquire into facts and circum- 
stances by interrogating, as a witness. 3. To look into the 
state of a subject ; to view in all its aspects ; to weigh ar- 
guments and compare facts, with a view to form a cor- 
rect opinion or judgment. 4. To inquire into the improve- 
ments or qualifications of students, by interrogatories, 
proposing pz-oblems, or by hearing their recitals. 5. To 
try or assay by experiments. 6. To try by a rule or law. 
— 7. In general, to search ; to scrutinize ; to explore, with 
a view to discover truth. 

EX-AM'INED (egz-am'ind), pp. Inquired into ; searched, 
inspected ; interrogated ; tried by experiment. 

EX-AM'IN-ER, n. 1. One who examines, tries, or inspects ; 
one who interrogates a witness or an offender.— 2. In 
chancery, in Great Britain, the examiners are two officers of 
that court, who examine, on oath, the witnesses for the 
parties. 

EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. or a. Inspecting carefully ; searching 
or inquiring into; interrogating; trying or assaying by ex- 
periment. 

EXAM-PLA-RY (eks-), a. Serving for example ; proposed 
for imitation. [It is now written exemplary.] — Hooker. 

EX-AM'PLE (egz-am'pl), n. ( L. exemplum.] 1. A pattern ; a 
copy ; a model ; that which is proposed to be imitated. 
2. A pattern, in morals or manners ; a copy or model. 3. 
Precedent; a former instance. 4. Precedent or former 
instance; [in a bad sense, intended for caution.] 5. A per- 
son fit to be proposed for a pattern ; one whose conduct 
is worthy of imitation. 6. Precedent which disposes to 
imitation. 7. Instance serving for illustration of a rule 
or precept ; or a particular case or proposition illustrating 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this. 



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374 



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a general rule, position, or truth. — 8. In logic or rhetoric, an 
induction of what may happen from what has happened. 

t EX-AM'PLE, v. t. To exemplify ; to set an example. 

t EX-AM'PLE-LESS, a. Having no example.— Ben Jonson. 

EX-AM'PLER, n. A pattern ; now sample or sampler. 

t EX-AN"GUI-OUS, a. Having no blood. SeeExsANGUious. 

EX-AN"GU-LOUS, a. Having no corners. 

EX-AN'1-MATE (egz-an'e-mate), a. [L. exanimatus.] Life- 
less ; spiritless ; disheartened ; depressed in spirits. 

EX-AN'I-MaTE, v. t. To dishearten ; to discourage. 

EX-AN'I-MI-TED, pp. Disheartened. 

EX-AN'1-Ma-TING, ppr. Discouraging. 

EX-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. Deprivation of life or of spirits. 

EX AN'I-MO. [L.] Literally, from the mind; sincerely; 
heartily. 

EX-AN'I-MOUS, a. [L. exanimis.] Lifeless ; dead. 

EX-AN-THE'MA (eks-an-the'ma), n. ; pi. Exanthem'ata. 
Among physicians, eruption ; a breaking out. The term 
is now confined to such eruptions as are attended with 
fever. — Good. 

EX-AN-THE-MATIC, \a. Eruptive ; efflorescent ; noting 

EX-AN-THEMA-TOUS, 5 morbid redness of the skin. 

f EX-ANT'LaTE, v. t. [L. ezantlo.} To draw out. 

EX-ANT-L a'TION, n. The act of drawing out. 

EX-A-Ra'TION, n. [L. exaro.] The act of writing. 

EX'aRCH (eks'ark), n. [Gr. apxoi-] 1. A viceroy of the 
Byzantine emperors; as, the exarch of Ravenna. — 3. In 
the Greek Church, formerly, a title assumed by certain 
bishops. — 3. More recently, an inspector of the clergy, ap- 
pointed by the Eastern patriarchs. 

EX-aR€H'aTE, n. The office, dignity, or administration of 
an exarch. — Taylor. 

EX- AR-TI€-U-L A'TION, n. Dislocation of a joint. 

EX-AS'PER-ITE (egz-as'per-ate), v. t. [L. exaspero.] 1. To 
excite anger, or to inflame it to an extreme degree. 2. To 
aggravate; to imbitter, as enmity. 3. To augment vio- 
lence ; to increase malignity ; to exacerbate, as pain or 
disease. — Syn. To anger ; irritate ; enrage ; inflame ; pro- 
voke ; excite ; rouse. 

EX-AS'PER-ATE, a. Provoked ; imbittered ; inflamed. 

EX-AS'PER-A-TED, pp. or a. Highly angered or irritated ; 
provoked ; enraged ; imbittered. 

EX-AS'PER-A-TER, n. One who exasperates or inflames 
anger, enmity, or violence. 

EX-AS'PER-A-TING, ppr. or a. Exciting keen resentment ; 
inflaming anger ; irritating ; increasing violence. 

EX-AS-PER- A'TION, n. I. Irritation ; the act of exciting 
violent anger ; provocation. 2. Extreme degree of anger ; 
violent passion ; rage ; fury. 3. Increase of violence or 
malignity ; exacerbation. 

EX-AUCTOR-aTE, ) v. t. [L. exauctoro.) To dismiss from 

EX- AUTHOR- ITE, 5 service ; to deprive of a benefice. 

EX-AUC-TOR- A'TION, > n. Dismission from service; dep- 

EX-AU-THOR- A'TION, 5 rivation; degradation. 

EX-AUTHOR-iZE, v. t. To deprive of authority. 

EX-AUTHOR-IZ.ED, pp. Deprived of authority. 

EX-AUTHOR-IZ-ING, ppr. Depriving of authority. 

EX-€AL'CE-A-TED, a. [L. excalceo.] Deprived of shoes ; 
unshod; barefooted. 

EX-€AN-DES'CENCE, n. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A grow- 
ing hot ; or a white heat ; glowing heat. 2. Heat of pas- 
sion ; violent anger ; or a growing angry. 

EX-€AN-DES'CENT, a. White with heat 

EX-€AN-Ta'TION, n. [L. excanto.) Disenchantment by a 
countercharm. [Little used.] 

EX-CaR'NaTE, v. t. [L. ex and caro.] To deprive or clear 
of flesh. — Grew. 

EX-CaR'NI-TED, pp. Deprived of flesh. 

EX-€aR'Na-TING, ppr. Depriving of flesh. 

EX-€aR'NI-FI-€aTE, v. t. To cut off flesh. 

EX-C aR'NI-FI-€a-TING, ppr. Cutting off flesh. 

EX-CaR-NI-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. excarnifco.] The act of 
cutting ofl' flesh, or of depriving of flesh. 

EX €A-THE'DRA. [L.] Literally, from the chair, as of au- 
thority or instruction. Hence with authority or dogma- 
tism. [The Latin will allow of cath'e-dra or ca-the'dra, but 
the latter is most common in English.] 

EX'CA-VITE, v. t. [L. excavo.] To hollow ; to cut, scoop, 
dig, or wear out the inner part of any thing, and make it 
hollow. 

EX'CA-VI-TED, pp. or a. Hollowed ; made hollow. 

EX'€A-Va-TING, ppr. or a. Making hollow ; making or ca- 
pable ofmaking an excavation ; as, an excavating machine. 

EX-CA-V a'TION, n. 1. The act of making hoUow. 2. A 
hollow or a cavity, formed by removing the interior sub- 
stance. _ 

EX'€A-Va-TOR, n. 1. One who excavates. 2. A machine 
for excavating. 

f EX-€aVE', v. t. To hollow.— Gockeram. 

tEX-CE'€ATE, v. t. [L. excaco.] To make blind. 

EX-CE-€a'TION, n. The act of making blind. 

EX-CE'DENT, n. Excess. [Not authorized.] 

EX-CEED' (ek-seed'), v. t. [L. excedo.] 1. To pass or go be- 



yond ; to proceed beyond any given or supposed limit 
measure, or quantity, or beyond any thing else. 2. To g« 
beyond in any excellence, or any desirable quality. — Syn 
To surpass ; excel ; outgo ; transcend ; outdo ; outvie. 

EX-CEED', v. i. 1. To go too far ; to pass the proper bounds , 
to go over any given limit, number, or measure. 2. To 
bear the greater proportion ; to be more or larger. 

EX-CEED' A-BLE, a. That may surmount or exceed. 

EX-CEED'ED, pp. Excelled ; surpassed ; outdone. 

EX-CEED'ER, n. One who exceeds or passes the bcvjnds 
of fitness. — Montagu. 

EX-CEED'ING, ppr. 1. Going beyond ; surpassing ; excel 
ling; outdoing. 2. a. Great in extent, quantity, or dura- 
tion ; [rare.] 3. adv. In a very great degree ; unusually. 

EX-CEEDTNG, n. Excess ; superfluity.— Smollett. 

EX-CEED'ING-LY, adv. To a very great degree ; jn a de- 
gree beyond what is usual ; greatly ; very much. 

t EX-CEED'ING-NESS, n. Greatness in quantity, extent, or 
duration. 

EX-CEL' (ek-sel'), v. t. [L. excello.] 1. To go beyond ; to 
exceed ; to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds ; 
to outdo. 2. To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or 
deeds ; as, excelling envy itself in mischief. — Spenser , 
[rare.] 3. To exceed; to surpass. 

EX-CEL' (ek-sel'), v. i. To have good qualities, or to per- 
form meritorious actions in an unusual degree ; to be em- 
inent, illustrious, or distinguished. 

EX-CELL.ED' (ek-seld'), pp. Surpassed; outdone. 

EX'CEL-LENCE, ~ln. [Fr.; L. excellentia.] 1. The state oif 

EX'CEL-LEN-CY, y possessing good qualities in an unus- 
ual or eminent degree ; the state of excelling in any thing. 
2. Any valuable quality ; any thing highly laudable, meri- 
torious, or virtuous in persons, or valuable and esteemed 
in things. 3. Dignity ; high rank in the scale of beings, 
4. A title of honor formerly given to kings and emperors, 
now given to embassadors, governors, and other persons 
below the rank of kings. — Syn. Superiority ; perfection ; 
supereminence ; worth ; greatness ; purity ; goodness. 

EX'CEL-LENT (ek'sel-lent), a. 1. Being of great virtue or 
worth ; eminent or distinguished for what is amiable, val- 
uable, or laudable. 2. Being of great value or use ; [ap- 
plied to things ;] remarkable for good properties. 3. Dis- 
tinguished for superior attainments. 4. Consummate ; 
complete ; as, an excellent hypocrite. Hume. — Syn. Wor- 
thy ; choice ; prime ; valuable ; select ; exquisite ; trans- 
cendent. 

EX'CEL-LENT-LY, adv. In an excellent manner ; well in 
a high degree ; in an eminent degree. 

EX-CEL'LING, ppr. Surpassing ; outdoing ; gomg beyond. 

EX-CEL SI- OR, a. [L.] More lofty; more elevated; high- 
er. The motto of the State of New York. 

EX-CENTRIC. See Eccentric. 

EX-CEPT (ek-sepf), v. t. [ Fr. excepter.] 1. To take or leave 
out of any number specified ; to exclude. 2. To take or 
leave out any particular or particulars from a general de- 
scription." 

EX-CEPT, v.i. To object; to make objection; followed 
by to, sometimes against. 

EX-CEPT', pp. [contracted from excepted] Taken out ; not 
included. All were involved in this affair, except one, that 
is, one excepted, the case absolute, or independent clause. 
It is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes exclusion. 
— Except and excepting are commonly, though incorrectly, 
classed among prepositions. 

EX-CEPTED, pp. See Except. 

EX-CEPT'ING, ppr. 1. Taking or leaving out ; excluding. 
2. This word is also used in the sense of except, as above 
explained. The prisoners were all condemned, excepting 
three. 

EX-CEPTION (ek-sep'shun), n. 1. The act of excepting, or 
excluding from a number designated, or from a descrip- 
tion ; exclusion. 2. Exclusion from what is comprehend- 
ed in a general rule or proposition. 3. That which is ex- 
cepted, excluded, or separated from others in a general 
description ; the person or thing specified as distinct or 
not included. 4. An objection ; that which is or may be 
offered in opposition to a rule, proposition, statement, or 
allegation : with to. 5. Objection with dislike ; offense , 
slight anger or resentment ; as, to take exception to some 
remark. — 6. In law, the denial of what is alleged and 
considered as valid by the other party, either in point of 
law or in pleading. 7. A saving clause in writing. — Bill of 
exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to evidence 

EX-CEPTION-A-BLE, a. Liable to objection. 

EX-CEPTION-AL, a. Forming or making an exception.— 
Lyell. 

EX-CEP'TION-ER, n. One who makes objections.— MilUn. 

EX-CEPTIOUS (-shus), a. Peevish ; disposed or apt to 
cavil. — Burke. 

EX-CEP'TIOUS'-NESS, n. Disposition to cavil. 

EX-CEPTIVE, a. 1. Including an exception.— Watts. 2 
Making or being an exception. — Milton. 

t EX-CEPT'LESS, a. Omitting all exception.— Shah. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



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375 



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EX-CEPTOR, n. One who objects, or makes exceptioLB. 

EX-CER'E BR5SE, a. Having no brains. 

EX-CERN', v. t. [L. ezcerno.] To separate and emit through 
the pores, or through small passages of the body ; to strain 
out ; to excrete. 

EX-CERN.ED' (ek-sernd 7 ), pp. Separated ; excreted; emit- 
ted trough the capillary vessels of the body. 

EX-CERN'ING, ppr. Emitting through the small passages ; 
excreting. 

EX-CERP', v. t. [L. excerpo.] To pick out. [Little used.] 

f EX-CERPT, v. t. [L. exceroo.] To select.— Barnard. 

EX-CERP'TA,n.pl |L.] Passages extracted. 

EX-CERP'TION, n. [L. excerptio.] 1. A picking out; a 
gleaning ; selection. 2. That which is selected. 

EX-CERP'TOR, n. A picker ; a culler.— Barnard. 

EX-CERPT8', n.pl. Exti-acts from authors. [A bad word.] 

EX-CESS' (ek-sesO, n. [L. excessus.] 1. Superfluity ; that 
which is beyond necessity or wants ; as, excess of light. 
2. That which is beyond the common measure, propor- 
tion, or due quantity ; as, excess of bile in the system. 3. 
Superabundance of any thing. 4. Any transgression of 
due limits ; as, a pardonable excess. — 5. In morals, any in- 
dulgence of appetite, passion, or exertion beyond the 
rules of God's word, or beyond any rule of propriety ; in- 
temperance. — 6. In arithmetic and 'geometry, that by which 
one number or quantity exceeds another. 

EX-CESS'fVE, a. 1. Beyond any given degree, measure, 
or limit, or beyond the common measure or proportion. 
2. Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, 
or beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, ex- 
pedience, or utility. 3. Extravagant ; unreasonable, as 
expenses. 4. "Vehement ; violent, as rage. 

EX-CESS'lVE-LY, adv. 1. In an extreme degree : beyond 
measure : exceedingly. 2. Vehemently ; violently. 

EX-CESS'lVE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being ex- 
cessive ; excess. 

EX-CHaNgE' (eks-chanj'), v. t. [Fr. echanger.] 1. In com- 
merce, to give one thing or commodity for another ; to 
barter. 2. To lay aside, quit, or resign one thing, state, 
or condition, and take another in the place of it. 3. To 
give and receive reciprocally ; to give and receive in com- 
pensation the same thing. 4. To give and receive the like 
thing. — Syn. To change ; commute , interchange ; bar- 
gain ;_truck ; swap. 

EX-CHaNgE', n. 1. In commerce, the act of giving one 
thing or commodity for another ; traffic by permutation, 
in which the thing received is supposed to be equivalent 
to the thing given. 2. The act of giving up or resigning 
one thing or state for another, without contract. 3. The 
act of giving and receiving reciprocally. 4. The contract 
by which one commodity is transferred to another for 
an equivalent commodity. 5. The thing given in return 
for something received, or the thing received in return 
for what is given. 6. The form of exchanging one debt 
or credit for another ; or the receiving or paying of mon- 
ey in one place for an equal sum in another, by order, 
draft, or bill of exchange. — 7. In mercantile language, a 
bill diawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill 
of exchange. 8. The course of exchange is the current 
price between two places, which is above or below par, 
or at par. — 9. In law, a mutual grant of equal interests, 
the one in consideration of the other. 10. The place 
where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet 
to transact business, at certain hours ; often contracted 
into change. — Syn. Barter ; dealing ; trade ; traffic ; inter- 
change ; reciprocity. 

EX-CHaNgE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
exchangeable. — Washington. 

EX-CHaNgEA-BLE, a. That may be exchanged ; capable, 
fit, or jn-oper to be exchanged. — Marshall. 

EX-CHaNgED' (eks-chanjd'), pp. Given or received for 
something else ; bartered. 

EX-CHaNG'ER, n. One who exchanges ; ' one who prac- 
tices exchange. 

EX-CH aNgTNG, ppr. Giving and receiving one commodity 
for another ; giving and receiving mutually ; laying aside 
or relinquishing one thing or state for another. 

EX-CHEQUER (eks-chek'er), n. [Fr. echiquier.] In Eng- 
land, an ancient court of record, intended principally to 
collect and superintend the king's debts and duties or rev- 
enues. The financial part of its business is now transact- 
ed by the Bank of England; and the judicial part, which 
consists of a court of common law and a court of equity, 
is now opened to the nation generally. Smart.— Exchequer 
bills, in England, bills for money, or promissory bills, is- 
sued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament. 

EX-CHEQUER, v. t. To institute a process against a per- 
son in the court of exchequer. — Pegge. 

EX-CHEQTJERjEJD (eks-chek'erd), pp. Proceeded against 
in chancery. 

EX-CHEQ'UER-ING (eks-chek'er-ing),£pr. Instituting pro- 
cess against in chancery. , . 

EX-CIP'I-ENT, n. One who excepts. 



EX-ClSA-BLE, a. Liable or subject to excise. 

EX-ClSE', n. [L. excisum.] An inland tax or impost on arti- 
cles produced and consumed in a country, and also on li 
censes to deal in certain commodities. Formerly, in Eng- 
land, the excise embraced some imported articles, but 
these are now transferred to the customs. 

EX-ClSE', v. t. To lay or impose a duty on articles pro- 
duced and consumed at home. 

EX-ClSED' (ek-sizd'), pp. Charged with the duty of excise. 

EX-ClSE'MAN, n. An officer who inspects commodities, 
andrates the excise duty on them. — Johnson. 

EX-ClSTNG, ppr. Imposing the duty of excise. 

EX-CIS'ION (ek-sizh'un), n. [L. excisio.] 1. In surgery, a 
cutting out or cutting off any part of the body ; amputa- 
tion. 2. The cutting off of a person or nation, as a judg- 
ment ; extirpation ; destruction. 3. A cutting oft' from the 
Church ; excommunication. 

EX-CI-TA-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of being capable of \- 
citement ; susceptibility of increased vital action. 

EX-ClTA-BLE, a. Capable of being excited. 

EX-ClTANT, n. That which produces or may produce in- 
creased action in a living body ; a stimulant. 

t EX-CITITE, v. t. To excite.— Bacon. 

EX-CI-TaTION, n. The act of exciting or putting in mo- 
tionj the act of rousing or awakening. 

EX-ClTA-TlVE. a. Having power to excite.— Barrow. 

EX-ClT A-TO-RY, a. Tending to excite.— Miller. 

EX-ClTE', v. t. [L. excito.] l.^To call into action ; to stir 
up ; to cause to act that which is dormant, stupid, or in- 
active. 2. To give new or increased action to, as the 
blood. 3. To raise ; to create ; to put in motion, as an in- 
surrection. 4. To raise to high state of feeling or action ; 
as, to excite the passions. — Syn. To awaken ; animate ; in- 
citej arouse ; stimulate ; inflame ; irritate ; provoke. 

EX-CtT'ED, pp. or a. Roused ; awakened ; animated ; put 
in motion ; stimvdated ; inflamed. 

EX-ClTE'MENT, n. 1. The act of exciting ; stimulation. 

2. The state of being roused into action. 3. Agitation : a 
state of being roused into action. 4. That which excites 
or rouses ; that which moves, stirs, or induces action ; a 
motive. — Shak. 

EX-CIT'ER, n. 1. He or that which excites ; he that puts 
in motion, or the cause which awakens and moves. — 2. In 
medicine, a stimulant. 

EX-CIT'ING, ppr. or a. Calling or rousing into action ; stim- 
ulating. 

EX-ClTING, n. Excitation.— Herbert. 

EX-ClTING-LY, adv. In an exciting manner. 

EX-CmVE, a. Tending to excite. 

EX-CLaIM', v. i. [L. exclamo.] 1. To utter the voice wit a 
vehemence ; to make a loud outcry in words. 2. To de- 
clare with loud vociferation. — Syn. To call out ; cry out ; 
shout. 

t EX-CLaIM', n. Clamor ; outcry.— Shale. 

EX-€LaIM'ER, n. One who cries out with vehemence , 
one who speaks with passion or much noise. 

EX-€LaIMTNG, ppr. Crying out ; vociferating. 

EX-€LA-Ma'TION, n. 1. Outcry; noisy talk; clamor. 2. 
Vehement vociferation. 3. Emphatical utterance ; a ve- 
hement extension or exertion of voice ; ecphonesis. 4. A 
note by which emphatical utterance or outcry is marked ; 
thus, !- -5. In gr-ammar, a word expressing outcry ; an in- 
terjection , a word expressing some passion, as wonder, 
fear, or grief. 

EX-CLAMA-TIVE, a. Containing exclamation. 

EX-CLAMA-TO-RY. a. 1. Using exclamation. 2. Contain- 
ing or expressing exclamation. 

EX-CLuDE', v. t. |L. excludo.) Properly, to thrust out or 
eject; but used as synonymous with preclude. 1. To 
thrust out ; to eject. 2. To hinder from entering or ad- 
mission; to shut out, as from office. 3. To debar; to hin- 
der from participation or enjoyment, as from trade. 4. 
To except ; not to comprehend or include. 

EX-GLuT/ED, pp. or a. Thrust out ; shut out ; hindered or 
prohibited from entrance or admission ; debarred. 

EX-CLuDlNG, ppr. Ejecting ; hindering from entering ; 
debarring ; not comprehending. 

EX-€Lu'SION (eks-klu'zbun), n. 1. The act of excluding , 
ejection. 2. The act of denying admission ; a shutting out. 

3. The act of debarring. 4.~Rejecrion. 5. Exception; 
non-reception, in a general sense. 6. Ejection. 

EX-CLu'SlON-IST (eks-klu'zhun-ist), n. One who would 
preclude another from some privilege. — Fox. 

EX-€Lu'SlVE, a. 1. Having the power of preventing en- 
trance ; as, exclusive bars. — Milton. 2. Debarring from par- 
ticipation : possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of oth- 
ers. 3. Not taking into the account ; not including or com- 
prehending : opposed to inclusive. 

EX-CLu'Sl VE, n. One of a coterie who exclude others. 

EX-€Lu'SlVE-LTf, adv. 1. Without admission of others to 
participation ; with the exclusion of all others. 2. With- 
out comprehension in : not inclusively. 

EX-€Lu'SlVE-NESS, n. State of being exclusive. 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— -G as K ; G as J ; * as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



£XC 



376 



EXE 



EX-CLu'SlV-ISM, n. Act or practice of excluding. 

EX-CLu'SO-RY, a. Exclusive ; excluding ; able to exclude. 
— Walsh. [Little used.] 

t EX-€0€T', v. t. [L. excoctus.) To boil.— Bacon. 

EX-COG'I-TITE, v. t. [L. excogito.) To invent ; to strike 
out by thinking : to contrive. — Hale. 

EX-€Og'I-Ta-TED, pp. Contrived ; struck out in thought. 

EX-COG'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Contriving. 

EX-€OG-I-Ta'TION, 11. Invention ; contrivance ; the act of 
devising in the thoughts. 

t EX-COM-MONE', v. t. To exclude.— Gayton. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. Liable or deserving to be ex- 
communicated.— Hooker. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€aTE, v. t. [L. ex and communico.} To ex- 
pel from communion ; to eject from the communion of 
the Chm-ch. 

EX-COM-Mu'NI-€ATE, n. One who is excommunicated. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€a-TED, pp. or a. Expelled or separated 
from communion with a church. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€I-TING, ppr. Expelling from the com- 
munion of a church. 

EX-COM-MU-NI-CiTION, n. The act of ejecting from a 
church ; expulsion from the communion of a church, and 
deprivation of its rights, privileges, and advantages. The 
lesser excommunication was a debarring from the eucha- 
rist; the greater excommunication was a total excision from 
the Church. 

EX £ON-GES'SO. [L.] From that which is conceded. 

EX-Co'E.I-aTE, v. t. [Low L. excorio.] To flay ; to strip or 
wear off the skin ; to abrade ; to gall ; to break and re- 
move the cuticle. 

EX-€o'RI-a-TED, pp. Flayed ; galled ; stripped of skin. 

EX-€o'RI-A-TING, ppr. Flaying ; galling ; stripping of the 
cuticle. 

EX-CO-RI-a'TION, n. L The act of flaying, or the opera- 
tion of wearing off the skin or cuticle ; a galling ; abrasion. 
2. Plunder ; [not used.] 

EX-€OR-TI-€I'T10N, n. [L. ex and cortex.] The act of 
stripping oft' bark. — Coxe. 

EX'CRE-A-BLE, a. That may be discharged by spitting. 

EX'CRE-ITE, v. t. [L. excreo.] To hawk and spit. 

EX'CRE-A-TED, pp. Discharged from the throat by hawk- 
ing and_spitting. 

EX'CRE-a-TING, ppr. Discharging from the throat by hawk- 
ing and spitting. 

EX-CRE-A'TION, n. A spitting out. 

EX'CRE-MENT, n. [L. excrementum.] Matter excreted and 
ejected ; that which is discharged from the animal body 
after digestion ; alvine discharges. 

EX-CRE-MENTAL, a. Excreted or ejected by the natural 
passages of the body. 

EX-CRE-MEN-Tl"TIAL, a. Pertaining to excrement. 

EX-€RE-MEN-TI"TIOUS (eks-kre-men-tish'us), a. Pertain- 
ing to, consisting of, or containing excrement. — Harvey. 

EX-€RES'CENCE, n. [L. excrescens.] 1. 'In surgery, a pre- 
ternatural protuberance growing on any part of the body ; 
a superfluous part. 2. Any preternatural enlargement of 
a plant, like a wart or tumor. 3. A preternatural produc- 
tion. 

EX-€RES'CENT, a. Growing out of something else, in a 
preternatural manner ; superfluous. 

EX-CReTE', v. t. [L. excretus.] To separate and throw off; 
to discharge. 

EX-€ReT'ED, pp. or a. Passed from the body by excretion. 

EX-€RETTNG,j>pr. Discharging; separating by the natural 
ducts. 

EX-€RE'TION, n. [L. excretio.] 1. The throwing oft' of ef- 
fete, or no longer useful, matter from the animal system. 
2. That which is excreted. 

EX'CRE-TlVE, a. Having the power of separating and 
ejecting fluid matter from the body. 

EX'CRE-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of excreting or 
throwing off excrementitious matter by the glands. 

EX'€RE-TO-RY, n. A little duct or vessel destined to re- 
ceive secreted fluids, and to excrete them ; also, a secreto- 
ry vessel. 

EX-CRii'CIA-BLE, a. Liable to torment. 

EX-CRu'CIITE, v. t. [L. excrucio.] To torture; to tor- 
ment ; to inflict most severe pain on. 

EX-CRfj'ClA-TED. pp. Tortured; racked; tormented. 

EX-€Ru'CIa-TING, ppr. 1. Torturing ; tormenting ; put- 
ting to most severe pain. 2. a. Extremely painful ; dis- 
tressing. 

EX-€RU-CI.-A'TION, n. Torture ; vexation.— Feltham. 

EX-€U-BaTION, n. The act of watching all night. 

EX-€UL'PaTE, v. t. [It. scolpare; L. ex and culpo.] To 
clear by words from a charge or imputation of fault or 
guilt. — Svn. To exonerate ; absolve ; excuse ; justify. 

EX-CUL'PA-BLE, a. That may be exculpated. 

EX-CULT a-TED, pp. Cleared by words from the imputa- 
tion of fault or guilt. 
EX-€UL'P I-TING, ppr. Clearing by words from the charge 
of fault or crime. 



EX-CUL-1 aTION, n. The act of vindicating from a charge 
of fault or crime ; excuse. 

EX-CUL'PA-TO-RY, a. Able to clear from the charge of 
fault or guilt ; excusing ; containing excuse. 

EX-€UR'RENT, a. In botany, a termused in describing the 
ramification of any body whose axis remains always in the 
center, the other parts being regularly disposed round it. 
— Lindley. 

EX-€UR'SION, n. [L. excursio.) 1. A rambling ; a deviating 
from a stated or settled path. 2. Progression beyond fixed 
limits. 3. Digression ; a wandering from a subject or 
main design. 4. An expedition or journey ; anyrambPng 
from a point or place, and return to the same point or 
place. — Syn. Ramble ; tour ; trip ; jaunt. 

EX-€UR'SlVE, a. Rambling ; wandering ; deviating. 

EX-CUR'SfVE-LY, adv. In a wandering manner. 

EX-€UR'SlVE-NESS, n. The act of wandering, or of pa.s». 
ing usual limits. 

EX--6URSUS, n. [L.] Literally, digression ; a dissertation 
containing a more full exposition of some important point 
or topic, appended to a work. 

EX-CuSA-BLE, a. 1. That may be excused; pardonable , 
[applied to persons.] 2. Admitting of excuse or justifica- 
tion ; [applied to acts.] 

EX-€fJSA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being excusable , 
pardonableness ; the qu ality of admitting of excuse. 

EX-CuS'A-BLY, adv. In an excusable manner; pardonably 

EX-€U-Sa'TION, n. Excuse; apology. [Little used.] 

EX-CU-Sa'TOR, n. One who makes an excuse. 

EX-CuSA-TO-RY, a. Making excuse , containing excuse 
or apology ; apologetical. 

EX-€uSE', v. t. [L. excuso.] 1. To pardon ; to free from the 
imputation of fault or blame ; to acquit of guilt. 2. To 
pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be 
little censurable, and to overlook. 3. To free from an ob- 
ligation or duty ; as, to excuse from service. 4. To remit ; 
not to exact, as a forfeiture. 5. To pardon ; to admit an 
apology for. 6. To throw off an imputation by apology. 
7. To justify ; to vindicate. 

EX-CuSE', n. 1. A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or 
irregular deportment ; apology. 2. The act of excusing or 
apologizing. 3. That which excuses or extenuates a fault. 

EX-C0S.ED' (eks-kuzd'), pp. Acquitted of guilt or fault ; for 
given; overlooked. 

EX-€uSE'LESS, a. Having no excuse ; that for which no 
excuse or apology can be offered. 

EX-€uS'ER, n. 1. One who offers excuses, or pleads for 
another. 2. One who excuses or forgives another. 

EX-C USING, ppr. Acquitting of guilt or fault; forgiving, 
overlooking. 

t EX-CUSS', v. t. [L. excussus.] To shake off ; also, to seize 
and detain by law. 

t EX-CUS'SION (eks-kush'un), n. A seizing by law.— Ayliffe. 

EX'E-AT. [L.] Literally, let him depart ; leave of absence 
given to a student in the English universities. 

EX'E-CRA-BLE, a. [L. execrabilis.] Deserving to be cursed; 
very hateful. — Syn. Detestable ; abominable ; accursed. 

EX'E-CRA-BLY, adv. Cursedly ; detestably. 

EX'E-CRaTE, v. t. [L. execror.] To curse ; to denounce evil 
against, or to imprecate evil on ; hence, to detest utterly ; 
to abhor ; to abominate. 

EX'E-CRa-TED,^?. or a. Cursed; denounced; imprecated. 

EX'E-CRa-TING, ppr. Cursing; denouncing; imprecating 

EX-E-CE,a'T10N, n. The act of cursing ; a curse pro 
noun^ed ; imprecation of evil ; malediction ; detestation 
expressed. 

EX'E-€RA-TO-RY, n. A formulary of execration. 

EX-ECT, v. t. ft. execo.] To cut off or out. [Little used.] 

EX-EC'TION, n. A. cutting off or out. [Little used.] 

EX'E-COTE, v. t. [Fr. executer.] 1. To perform; to do ; to 
carry into complete effect. 2. To inflict, as judgment. 3. 
To carry into effect, as the laws. 4. To carry into effect 
the law, or the j udgment or sentence on a person ; to in- 
flict capital punishment on ; tc put to death. 5. To kill 
without form of law. — Shak. 6. To complete, as a legal 
instrument ; to perform what is required to give validity 
to a writing, as by signing and sealing. — Syn. To accom 
plish ; effect ; fulfill ; achieve ; consummate ; finish ; com- 
plete. 

EX'E-CuTE, v. i. To perform the proper office. 

EX'E-Cu-TED, pp. Done ; performed ; accomplished ; car 
ried into effect ; put to death. 

EX'E-Cu-TER, n. One who performs or carries into effect 

EX'E-CtJ-TING, ppr. Doing; performing; finishing; ac 
complishing ; inflicting ; carrying into effect. 

EX-E-Cu'TION, n. 1. Performance ; the act of completing 
or accomplishing. — 2. In law, the carrying into effect a 
sentence or judgment of court. 2 The instrument, war- 
rant, or official order by which an officer is empowered to 
carry a judgment into effect. 4. The act of signing and 
sealing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms" required 
to render it a valid act. 5. The last act of the law in the 
punishment of criminals ; capital punishment ; death in- 



A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &.C., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARWE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BQOK, 



EXE 



377 



EXH 



flicted according to the forms of law. 6. Effect ; some- 
thing done or accomplished. 7. Destruction ; slaughter. — 
8. In the fine arts, the mode of performing a work of art, 
and the dexterity with which it is accomplished. 

EX-E-€u'TION-ER, n. 1. One who executes ; one who car- 
ries into effect a judgment of death ; one who inflicts a 
capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant. 2. 
He who kills ; he who murders. 3. The instrument by 
which any thing is performed. 

EX-EC'U-TIVE (egz-ek'yu-tiv), a. Having the quality of ex- 
ecuting >»r performing. 

EX-E€'U-TlVE, n. The person who administers the gov- 
ernment ; executive power or authority in government. 
— J. Quincy. 

EX-ECU TlVE-LY, adv. In the way of executing or per- 
forming. 

EX-EO^TOR (egz-ek'yu-tor), n, The person appointed 
by a testator to execute his will, or to see it carried into 
effect. — Executor in his own wrong, is one who, without 
authority, intermeddles with the goods of a deceased per- 
son, and thus subjects himself tolhe trouble of executor- 
ship without the profits or advantages. 

EX-E€-U-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an executor ; executive. 

EX-EC'U-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an executor. 

EX-EGU-TO-RY, a. 1. Performing official duties.— 2. In 
law, to be executed or carried into effect in future. 

EX-ECU-TRESS, )?l. A female executor; a woman ap- 

EX-EG'U-TRIX, 3 pointed by a testator to execute his 
will. 

EX'E-DRA or EX-EDRA, n. [Gr. £ £ and iSpa.] A portico 
or vestibule ; also, a recess of a building. — Among the an- 
cients,jL small room for conversation. — Gloss, of Arch. 

EX-E-GE'SIS (eks-e-je'sis), n. [Gr. elnyrjais.] Exposition; 
explanation ; the science of interpretation ; particularly, 
interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. 

EX'E-gETE, n. One skilled in exegesis. 

EX-E-GETTG-AL, a. Pertaining to exegesis ; explanatory ; 
tending to unfold or illustrate ; expository. 

EX-E-GET'IG-AL-LY, adv. By way of explanation. 

EX-EM'PLAR (egz-em'plar), n. 1. A model, original, or pat- 
tern, to be copied or imitated. 2. The idea or image of a 
thing, formed in the mind of an artist, by which he con- 
ducts his work ; the ideal model which he attempts to im- 
itate. 

* EXEM-PLA-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to deserve imi- 
tation ; in a worthy or excellent manner. 2. In a manner 
that may warn others, by way of terror ; in such a man- 
ner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil. 

* EX'EM-PLA-RI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being a 
pattern for imitation. 

t EX-EM-PL AR'I-TY, n. A pattern worthy of imitation. 

* EX'EM-PLA-RY (egz'em-pler-ry), a. 1. Serving for a pat- 

tern or model for imitation ; worthy of imitation. 2. Such 
as may serve for a warning to others ; such as may deter 
from crimes or vices. 3. Such as may attract notice and 
imitation. 4. Illustrating. 

*t EX'EM-PLA-RY, n. [Fr. exemplaire.] A copy of a book or 
writing. — Donne. 

EX-EM-PLI-FI-Ua'TION, n. 1. The act of exemplifying ; a 
showing or illustrating by example. 2. A copy ; a tran- 
script ; an attested copy. 

EX-EM'PLI-Fl-ED, pp. Illustrated by example or copy. 

EX-EM'PLI-Fl-ER, n. One who exemplifies. 

EX-EM'PLI-FY (egz-em'ple-fi), v. t. [Low L. exemplo.] 1. 
To show or illustrate by example. 2. to copy ; to tran- 
scribe ; to take an attested copy. 3. To prove or show by 
an attested copy. 

EX-EM'PLl-FY-ING, ppr. Illustrating by example; tran- 
scribing ; taking an attested copy ; proving by an attest- 
ed copy. 

EX-EM' PLI GRITI-A (gra'she-a). For the sake of an ex- 
ample ; for instance. 

EX-EMPT (egz-emtO, «• *• [Fr. exempter.] To free, or per- 
mit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty, 
evil or requisition to which others are subject ; to privi- 
lege ; to grant immunity from. 

EX-EMPT', a. 1. Free from any service, charge, burden, 
tax, duty, evil, or requisition to which others are subject ; 
not subject ; not liable to. 2. Free by privilege, as from 
the jurisdiction of a court. 3. Free ; clear ; not included. 
4. Cut off from; [obs.] 

EXEMPT, n. One who is exempted or freed from duty ; 
one not subject. 

EX-EMPT'ED, pp. Freed from charge, duty, tax, or evils 
to which others are subject ; privileged. 

tEXEMPT'LBLE, a. Free; privileged. 

EX-EMPT'ING, ppr. Freeing from charge, duty, tax, or 
evil ; granting immunity to. 

EX-EMP'TION (egz-em'shun), n. 1. The act of exempting ; 
the state of being exempt. 2. Freedom from any service, 
charge, burden, tax, evil, or requisition to which others 
are subject; immunity; privilege. 

* EX-EMP-Tl"TIOUS, a. Separable ; that may be taken from. 



EX-EN'TER-aTE, v. t. [L. exentero.) To takt aut the buw 
els or entrails ; to embowel. — Brown. 

EX-EN-TER-A'TION, n. The act of taking out the bowels. 

EX-E-QUa'TUR, n. [L.] A written recognition of a person 
in the character of consul or commercial agent. 

EX-E'QUI-AL, a. [L. exequialis.) Pertaining to funerals. 

EX'E-QUlES (eks'e-quiz), n.pl. [L. exequia.] Funeral rites : 
the ceremonies of burial ; funeral procession. 

EX-ER'CENT, a. [L. exercens.] Using ; practicing ; follow- 
ing. — Ayliffe. [Little used.] 

EX'ER-CiS-A-BLE, a. That may be exercised. 

EX'ER-ClSE (eks'er-slze), n. [L. exercitium.] 1. Use ; prac- 
tice ; the exertions and movements customary in the per- 
formance of business. 2. Practice ; performance, as of 
patience. 3. Use ; employment ; exertion, as of the eyes. 

4. Exertion of the body, as conducive to health ; action ; 
motion, by labor, walking, riding, or other exertion. 5. 
Exertion of the body ; the habitual use of the limbs. 6. 
Exertion of the body and mind or faculties for improve 
ment. 7. Use or practice to acquire skill ; preparatory 
practice. 8. Exertion of the mind ; application of the 
mental powers. 9. Task ; that which is appointed for one 
to perform. 10. Act of divine worship. 11. A lesson or 
example for practice. 

EX'ER-ClSE, v. t. [L. exerceo.] 1. In a general sense, to 
move ; to exert ; to cause to act, in any manner. 2. To 
use ; to exert. • 3. To use for improvement in skill. 4. 
To exert one's powers or strength ; to practice habitually. 

5. To practice ; to perform the duties of. 6. To train to 
use ; to discipline. 7. To task ; to keep employed ; to 
use efforts. 8. To use ; to employ. 9. To busy ; to keep 
busy in action, exertion, or employment. 10. To pain or 
afflict ; to give anxiety to ; to make uneasy. 

EX'ER-ClSE. v. i. To use action or exertion. 

EX'ER-CiSjBD, pp. Exerted ; used ; trained ; disciplined , 
employed ; practiced ; pained ; afflicted ; rendered uneasy 

EX'ER-CiS-ER, n. One who exercises. 

EX'ER-ClS-ING, ppr. Exerting; using; employing; train- 
ing; practicing. 

EX-ER-CI-Ta'TION, n. [L. exercitatio.] Exercise ; practice , 
use. — Brown. 

EX-ERGUE' (egz-erg^, n. [Gr. (% and spyov.] In numismat- 
ics, the place on a medal or coin around and without the 
type or figure, which has generally the date or other par 
ticular inscription. — Elmes. 

EX-ERT (egz-ertO, v. t. [L. exero.] 1. Literally, to thrust 
forth ; to emit ; to push out. 2. To bring out ; to cause 
to come forth ; to produce ; as, to exert one's powers. 3. 
To put or thrust forth, as strength, force, or ability ; to 
strtrin ; to put in action ; to bring into active operation. 
4. To put forth ; to do or perform ; as, to exert an act 
South. — To exert one's self, is to use efforts ; to strive. 

EX-ERT'ED. pp. Thrust or pushed forth ; put in action. 

EX-ERTING, ppr. Putting forth ; putting in action. . 

EX-ERTION, n. The act of exerting or straining; the act 
of putting into motion or action ; endeavor ; a striving or 
struggling. 

EX-ERT'IVE, a. Exerting ; having power to exert. 

EX-ERT'MENT, n. Exertion ; act of exerting. 

EX-E'SION (egz-e'zhun), n. [L. exesus.] The act of eating 
out or through.— Brown. [Little used.] 

EX-ES'TU-ATE, v. i. To boil ; to be in a state of agitation. 

EX-ES-TU-A'TION, n. [L. exastuatio.] A boiling; ebulli- 
tion ; agitation caused by heat ; effervescence. 

EX'E-UNT OM'NeS. [L.] All go out. 

EX-F5'LI-aTE, v. i. [L. exfolio.] In surgery and mineralogy, 
to separate and come off in scales ; to scale oft'. 

EX-Fo'LI-a-TED, pp. Separated in thin scales. 

EX-Fo'LI- A-TING, ppr. Separating and coming off in scales. 

EX-FQ-LI-A'TION, n. The scaling off of a bone ; desquama- 
tion. 

EX-Fo'LI- A-TlVE, a. That has the power of causing exfo- 
liation or the desquamation of a bone. 

EX-Fo'LI-A-TlVE, n. That which has the power or quali- 
ty of procuring exfoliation. — Wiseman. 

EX-H1L'A-BLE, a. That may be exhaled. 

EX-Ha'LANT, a. Having the quality of exhaling or evap- 
orating. 

EX-HA-La'TION, n. [L. exhalatio.] 1. The act or process 
of exhaling, or sending forth fluids in the form of steam 
or vapor ; evaporation" 2. That which is exhaled ; that 
which is emitted, or which rises in the form of vapor ; 
fume or steam ; effluvia. 

EX-HaLE' (egz-hale'), v. t. [L. exhalo.] 1. To send out ; to 
emit, as vapo*\ or minute particles of a fluid or other sub- 
stance. 2. To draw out ; to causo to be emitted in vapor 
or minute particles ; to evaporate. 

EX-HaL-ED' (egz-hald'), pp. Sent out ; emitted, as vapor 
evaporated. 

EX-HaLE'MENT, n, Matter exhaled ; vapor.— Brown. 

EX-Ha'LENCE, n. The act of exhaling ; matter exhaled 

EX-HaL'ING. ppr. or a. Sending out in vapor or effluvia, 

EX-HAU5T (egz-hawsf), v. t. [L. exhaurio, exkaustum.] 1 



DoVE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH-as in this, t Obsolete. 



EXH 



378 



EXO 



To draw out or drain ofF the whole of any thing ; to draw 
out till nothing of the matter drawn is left. 2. To empty- 
by drawing out the contents, as a well. 3. To draw out 
or to use and expend the whole; to consume, as the 
wealth of a country. 4. To use or expend the whole by 
wxertion, as one's strength or patience. 
EX-HAUST, a. Drained; exhausted. [Little used.] 
EX-HAUST'ED, pp. or a. Drawn out; drained off; emp- 
tied by drawing, draining, or evaporation ; wholly used or 
expended; consumed. 
EX-HAUSTER, n. He or that which exhausts. 
EX-HAUST'I-BLE, a. That may be exhausted. 
EX-HAUST'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing out , draining off; empty- 
ing ; consuming. 2. a. Tending to exhaust. 
EX-HAUST'ION (egz-hawstfyun), n. 1. The act of drawing 
out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the 
contents. 2. The state of being exhausted.— 3. In mathe- 
matics, a method of proving the equality of two magni- 
tudes by a reductio ad absurdum. 
EX-HAUST'IVE, a. That exhausts. 

EX-HAUSTLESS, a. Not to be exhausted ; not to be whol- 
ly drawn off or emptied ; inexhaustible. 
EX-HAUSTMENT, n. Exhaustion ; drain. 
EX-HAUSTURE, n. Exhaustion. 
EX'HE-DRA or EX-HE'DRA. See Exedra. 
EX-HERE-D aTE, v. t. To disinherit. 
EX-HER-E-Da'TION, n. [L. ezJuzredatio.] In the civil law, 

a disinheriting. 
EX-HIB'IT (egz-hib'it), v. t. [L. exhibeo.] 1. To offer or pre- 
sent to view ; to present for inspection ; to show. 2. To 
show ; to display ; to manifest publicly ; as, to exhibit a 
noble independence. 3. To present ; to offer publicly or 
officially ; as, to exhibit charges against any one. 4. To ad- 
minister, as a medicine. 
EX-HIB'IT, n. 1. Any paper produced or presented to a 
court or to auditors, referees or arbitrators, as a voucher, 
or in proof of facts ; a voucher or document produced. — 
2. In chancery, a deed or writing produced in court, sworn 
to by a witness, and a certificate of the oath indorsed on 
it by the examiner or commissioner. 
EX-HIB'IT-ED, pp. Offered to view ; presented for inspec- 
tion ; shown ; displayed. 
EX-HIB'IT-ER, n. One who exhibits ; one who presents a 

petition or charge. — Shak. 
EX-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Offering to view ; presenting ; show- 
ing ; displaying. 
EX-HI-Bl'TION (eks'he-bish'un), n. [L. exhibitio.] 1. The 
act of exhibiting for inspection ; a showing or presenting 
to view ; display. 2. The offering, producing, or showing 
of titles, authorities, or papers of any kind before a tribu- 
nal in proof of facts. 3. Public show ; representation of 
feats or actions in public ; display of oratory in public 
any public show. 4. Allowance of meat and drink ; pen 
sion, as to indigent students in the English universities 
Hence, 5. Gift or recompense, as to servants. Shak. — 6. 
Tn medicine, the act of administering a remedy. 
EX-HI-B$"TION-ER, n. In English universities, one who 
has a pension or allowance, granted for the encourage- 
ment of learning. 
EX-HIB'IT-lVE (egz-), a. Serving for exhibition; repre- 
sentative. — N orris. 
EX-HIB'IT-lVE-LY, adv. By representation. 
EX-HIB'IT-O-RY, a. Exhibiting; showing; displaying. 
EX-HIL'A-RANT, a. Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure. 
EX-HIL'A-RANT, n. That which exhilarates. 
EX-HIL'A-RaTE (egz-hil'a-rate), v. t. [L. exhilaro.] To make 
cheerful or merry; to make glad or joyous. — Syn. To 
cheer ; enliven ; animate ; inspire ; inspirit ; gladden. 
EX-HIL'A-RaTE, v. i. To become cheerful or joyous. 
EX-HIL'A-Ra-TED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; cheered ; 

gladdened ; made joyous or jovial. 
EX-HIL'A-Ra-TING, ppr. or a. Enlivening ; giving life and 

vigor to the spirits ; cheering ; gladdening. 
EX-HIL'A-Ra-TING-LY, adv. In an exhilarating manner. 
EX-H1L-A-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of enlivening the spir- 
its ; the act of making glad or cheerful. 2. The state of 
being enlivened or cheerful. — Syn. Animation ; joyous- 
ness ; gladness ; cheerfulness ; gayety. 
EX-HORT (egz-horf), v. t. [L. exhortor.] 1. To incite by 
words or advice ; to animate or urge by arguments to a 
good deed. 2. To advise; to warn; to caution. 3. To 
incite or stimulate to exertion. 
EX-HORT, v. i. To deliver exhortation ; to use words or 

arguments to incite to good deeds, 
f EX-HORT', n. Exhortation.— Pope. 

EX-HORT-A'TION (eks-), n. 1. The act or practice of ex- 
horting ; the act of inciting to laudable deeds ; incitement. 

2. The form of words intended to incite and encourage. 

3. Advice ; counsel 

EX-HORT A-TIVE (egz-;, a. Containing exhortation. 
EX-HORT A-TO-RY, a. Tending to exhort. 
EX-HORT'ED, pp. Incited by words to good deeds ; ani- 
mated to a laudable course of conduct ; advised. 



EX-HORTER, n. One who exhorts or encourages. 
EX-HORTING, ppr. Inciting to good deeds by word? cm 

arguments; encouraging; counseling. 
EX-Hu'Ma-TED, a. Disinterred. 
EX-HU-Ma'TION, n. [Fr., from exhumer.] 1, The digging ur 

of a dead body interred ; the disinterring of a corpse; % 

Thedigging up of any thing buried. 
EX-HuME', v. t. [L. ex and humus.] To disinter. 
EX-HvMED', pp. Disinterred. 
EX-HuMING, ppr. Disinterring. 

liif-eiTW}^^ 3100 ^- 

EX'I-GENCE, In. [L. exigens.] 1. Urgent need or want. 

EX'I-GEN-CY, > 2. Pressing necessity ; any case which de- 
mands immediate action, supply, or remedy. — Syn. De- 
mand ; urgency ; distress ; pressure ; emergency ; ne- 
cessity. 

EX'I-GENT, n. 1. Pressing business ; occasion that calls for 
immediate help; [not used.] — 2. In law, a writ which lies 
where the defendant is not to be found, or after a return 
of non est inventus on former writs. 3. End ; extremity 
— Shak. ; [obs.] 

EX'I-GENT, a. Pressing ; requiring immediate aid or ac- 
tion. — Burke. 

EX'I-GENT-ER, n. An officer in the court of common pleas 
in England, who makes out exigents and proclamations in 
cases of outlawry. 

EX'I-Gl-BLE, a. That may be exacted ; demandable. 

EX-I-Gu'I-TY, n. [L. exiguitas.] Smallness ; slenderness.- 
Boyle. [Little used.] 

EX-IG'U-OUS, a. [L. exiguus.] Small ; slender ; minute ; 
diminutive. — Harvey. [Little used.] 

EX'lLE, n. [L. exilium, exul] 1. The state of being ex- 
pelled from one's country or place of residence. 2. An 
abandonment of one's country, or removal to a foreign 
country for residence, called voluntary exile. 3. The per- 
son banished or separated from his country. — Syn. Ban- 
ishment ; proscription ; expulsion. 

EX'lLE (eks-ile), v. t. 1. To banish from a country or 
home ; to drive away, expel, or transport from one's coun- 
try. 2. To drive from one's country by misfortune, ne- 
cessity, or distress. — To exile one's self, is to abandon one's 
country never to return. 

EX-lLE', a. [L. exilis.] Slender ; thin ; fine. 

EX'lL ED (ekslld), pp. or a. Banished ; expelled from one's 
country by authority. 

EX'ILE-MENT, n. Banishment. 

EXIL-ING, ppr. Banishing ; expelling from one = country , 
departing from one's country. 

EX-I-Ll"TION (eks-e-lish'un), n. [L. exilio.] A sudden 
springing or leaping out. — Brown. [Little used.] 

EX-IL'I-TY, n. [L. exilitas.] Slenderness ; thinness. 

EX-IM'I-OUS, a. [L. eximius.] Excellent. [Little used.] 

t EX-IN'A-NlTE, v. t. [L. exinanio.] To make empty ; to 
weaken. 

EX-IN-A-Ni"T10N, n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying or evac- 
uation ; hence, privation ; loss ; destitution. [Rare.] 

EX-IST (egz-isf), v. i. [L. existo.] 1. To be ; to have an es- 
sence or real being. 2. To live ; to have life or animation. 
3. To remain ; to endure ; to continue in being. 

EX-ISTENCE, n. 1. The state of being or having essence. 
2. Life ; animation. 3. Continued being ; duration ; con- 
tinuation. 

EX-ISTENT, a. Being ; having being or existence. 

t EX-IS-TEN'TIAL, a. Having existence.—^. Barlow. 

t EX-IS-TI-Ma'TION, n. [L. existimatio.] Opinion ; esteem. 

EX-IST'ING, ppr. or a. Having existence, being, or life. 

EXIT, n. [L. ; the 3d person of exeo.] 1. The departure of 
a player from the stage. 2. Any departure ; the act of 
quitting the stage of action or of life ; death ; decease. 3. 
A way of departure ; passage out of a place. 4. A going 
out ; departure. 

EX-I"TIAL (egz-ish'al), ? a. [L. exitialis.] Destructive to 

EX-I"T_IOUS (egz-ish'ous), 5 life.— Homilies. 

EX ME'RO Mo' TV. [L.] Of mere good pleasure ; a phrase 
occurring in grants, charters, &c. 

EX NE-CES-SI-TITE. [L.] Of necessity. 

EX'ODE, n. [Gr. eloSiov.] In the Greek drama, the conclud 
ing part of a play. 

EX'O-DUS, ) n. [Gr. z\o6o$.] 1. Departure from a place , 

EX'O-DY, 3 particularly, the departure of the Israelites 
from Egypt under the conduct of Moses. 2. The second 
book of the Old Testament 

EX-OF-FFCIAL (-of-fish'al), a. Proceeding from office or 
authority. 

EX OF-FT'CI-0 (eks-of-fish'e-o). [L.] By virtue of office, 
and without special authority. 

EX'O-GEN, n. [Gr. £ £ and ysvos-] In botany, a plant whose 
stem is formed by successive additions to the outside of 
the wood. — Lindley. 

EX-OG'EN-OUS, a. Growing by successive additions to the 
outside of the wood. — Lindley. 

EX'O-GLOSS, n. [Gr. t\u and y\woaa.] A genus of fishes. 



• See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;-- MOVE, BOOK, 



EXP 



379 



EXP 



EX-O-LeTE', a. [L. exoletus.] Worn ; faded ; obsolete ; 
[rare.\ 

1 EX-O-LfJ'TION, 7i. Laxation of the nerves. — Brown. 

I EX-OLVE', v. t. To loose. 

EX-OMTHA-LOS, n. [Gr. £ £ and o^aXos.] A navel rupture. 

EX'ON, n. In England, the commander of the royal body- 
guard, called exon of the household. — Cull. 

EX-ON'ER-iTE (egz-on'er-ate), v. t. [L. exonero.] 1. To un- 
load ; to disburden.— ita?/. 2. To cast oft; as a charge, or 
as blame resting on one ; to clear of something that lies 
upon the character. 3. To cast off, as an obligation ; as, a 
bondsman exonerates himself by producing a person in 
court. — Syn. To exculpate ; relieve ; absolve ; clear ; ac- 
quit ; justify ; discharge. 

EX-ON'ER-a-TED, .p^. Unloaded; disburdened; freed from 
a charge, imputation, or responsibility. 

EX-ON'ER-A-TING, ppr. Unloading ; disburdening ; free- 
ing from any charge or imputation. 

EX-ON-ER-aTION, n. The act of disburdening or dis- 
charging; the act of freeing from a charge. 

EX-ON'ER-A-TlVE, a. Freeing from an obligation. 

EX-OPH'YL-LOUS, a. Naked ; not sheathed in another leaf. 

EX-OP-Ta'TION, n. Earnest desire, or wish. 

EX'O-RA-BLE, a. [L. exorabilis.] That can be persuaded. 

EX'O-RaTE, v. t. To obtain by request. 

EX-OPv/BI-TANCE (egz-or'be-tans), in. [L. exorbitans.) 

EX-OR'BI-TAN-CY (egz-or'be-tan-sy), 5 Literally, a going 
beyond or without the track or usual limit. Hence, enor- 
mity ; extravagance ; a deviation from ride or the ordina- 



ry limits of right or propriety. 
EX-OR'BI-TANT, a. [L. 



[L. exorbitans.'] 1. Literally, departing 
from an orbit or usual track. Hence, deviating from the 
usual course ; excessive ; extravagant ; enormous. 2. 
Anomalous ; not comprehended in a settled rule or meth- 
od. — Hooker. 

EX-OR'BI-TANT-LY, adv. Enormously ; excessively. 

EX-OR'BI-TaTE, v. i. To go beyond the usual track or 
orbit ; to deviate from the usual limit. 

EX'OR-ClSE (eks'or-size), v. i. [Gr. c^o/m^w.] 1. To ad- 
jure by some holy name ; but chiefly, to expel evil spir- 
its by conjurations, prayers, and ceremonies. 2. To pu- 
rify from unclean spirits by adjurations and ceremonies ; 
to deliver from the influence of malignant spirits or de- 
mons. 

EX'OR.-CiSi?D (eks'or-sizd), pp. Expelled from a person 
or place by conjurations and prayers ; freed from demons 
in like manner. 

EX'OR-CIS-ER, n. One who pretends to cast out evil spir- 
its by adjurations and conjuration. 

EX'OR-ClS-ING, ppr. Expelling evil spirits by prayers and 
ceremonies. 

EX'OR-CISM, n. [L. exorcismus.] The expulsion of evil 
spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and 
ceremonies. 

EX OR-CIST, n. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by 
conjuration, prayers, and ceremonies. 

EX-OR'DI-AL (egz-), a. Pertaining to the exordium. 

EX-OR'DI-UM, n.; pi. Exordiums. [L.] In oratory, the 
beginning ; the introductory part of a discourse ; the pref- 
ace or proemial part of a composition. 

EX-OR-Na'TION, n. [L. exomatio.] Ornament ; decora- 
tion ; embellishment. — Hooker. 

EX-O-RHI'ZiE, n. pi. [Gr. e\ and pi^a.] In botany, plants 
whose radicle elongates downward, directly from the base 
of the embryo. — Lindley. 

EX-O-RHl'ZOUS, a. Pertaining to the exorrhizse. 

EX-ORTlVE, a. [L. exortivus^] Rising ; relating to the 
east. 

EX'OS-MoSE, ii. [Gr. £.£ and wayios, impulsion.] The pass- 
age outward of gases, vapors, or liquids through porous 
media. — Brande. 

EX-OS'SA-TED, a. Deprived of bones. 

EX-OS'SE-OUS, a. [L. ex and osso.] Without bones; des- 
titute of bones. 

EX'OS-ToME, n. [Gr. £ £ w and oro//«.] The small aperture 
or foramen of the ovule of a plant. — Beck. 

EX-OS-To'SIS, n. [Gr. el and oa-eov.) Any protuberance 
of a bone that is not natural. — Also, in botany, a disease in 
which knots are formed on or in the wood. 

EX-0-TER'I€, I a. [Gr. elurepos.) External ; public ; op- 

EX-O-TER'IC-AL, 5 posed to esoteric or secret. The exo- 
teric doctrines of the ancient philosophers were those which 
were openly professed and taught. 

EX'O-TKR-Y, n. What is obvious or common. 

EX-OT'I€, a. [Gr. cIutikoS.] Foreign; introduced from a 
foreign country ; not native ; extraneous. 

EX-OTIC, n. 1. A plant, shrub, or tree not native ; a plant 
introduced from a foreign country. 2. A word of foreign 
origin introduced into a language. 

EX-OT'ICISM, n. The state of being exotic. 

EX-PAND', v. t. [L. expando.] 1. To open; to spread, as a 
flower its leaves. 2. To spread ; to enlarge a surface ; to 
diffuse, as a stream its waters. 3. To dilate ; to enlarge in 



bulk ; to distend. 4. To enlarge ; to extend ; as, to expand 
the soul. 
EX-PAND', v. i. 1. To open ; to spread. 2. To dilate ; to 

extend in bidk or surface 3. To enlarge. 
EX-PAND'ED, pp. or a. Opened; spread; extended; di- 
lated ; enlarged ; diffused. 
EX-PAND'ING, ppr. or a. Opening ; spreading ; extending 

dflating ; diffusing. 
EX-PAN SE' (eks-pansO, n. [L. expansum.] A spreading ; ex 

tent ; a wide extent of space or body. 
EX-PANS-I-BILT-TY, n. The capacity of being expanded 

capacity of extension in surface or bulk. 
EX-PANS'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] Capable of being expanded oi 

spread ; capable of being extended, dilated, or diffused. 
EX-PANS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Expansibility. 
EX-PANS'I-BLY, adv. In an expansible manner. 
EX-PANS'lLE, a. Capable of being expanded. 
EX-PAN'SION, n. [L. expansio.] 1. The act of expanding. 
2. The state of being expanded ; the enlargement of sur- 
face or bulk, as by heat ; dilatation. 3. Extent ; space to 
which any thing is enlarged ; also, pure space or distance 
between remote bodies. 4. Enlargement. — 5. In commerce, 
an increase in the circulation of bank-notes. 
EX-PAN'SION-GURB, n. A contrivance to counteract ex- 
pansion and contraction by heat, as in chronometers. 
EX-PANS'lVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Havdng the power to expand, to 
spread, or to dilate. 2. Having the capacity of being ex- 
panded. 3. Widely extended. 
EX-PANS'I VE-NESS, n. The quality of being expansive. 
EX PARTE. [L.] On one part ; as, ex parte evidence, that 
which is brought forward by one side only ; an ex parte 
council, one which assembles at the request of only one 
of the parties in dispute. 
EX-Pa'TIaTE, v. i. [L. expatior.] 1. To move at large ; to 
rove without prescribed limits ; to wander in space with- 
out restraint. 2. To enlarge in discourse or writing ; to 
be copious in argument or discussion. 
EX-Pa'TIa-TING, ppr. Roving at large ; enlarging in dis- 
course or writing. 
EX-P a-TI-a'TION, n. Act of expatiating. 
EX-Pa'TIa-TOR, n. One who amplifies in language. 
EX-Pa'TIA-TO-RY, a. Expatiating. 

EX-Pa'TRI-aTE or EX-PAT'RI-aTE, v. t. [Fr. expatrier.\ 

In a general sense, to banish. — To expatriate one's self, is to 

quit one's country, renouncing citizenship and allegiance 

in that country. 

EX-Pa'TRI-a-TED or EX-PAT'RI-A-TED, pp. Banished; 

, removed from one's native country, with renunciation of 

citizenship and allegiance. 
EX-Pa'TRI-a-TING or EX-PAT'RI-A-TING, ppr Banish 
ing ; abandoning one's country, with renunciation of al- 
legiance. 
EX-Pa-TRI-a'TION or EX-PAT-RI-a'TION, n. Banishment 
More generally, the forsaking of one's owngcountry, with a 
renunciation of allegiance. 
EX-PECT, v. t. [L. expecto.} 1. To wait for. 2. To look 
for ; to have a previous apprehension of something future 
whether good or evil ; to entertain at least a slight belief 
that an event will happen. 3. To require or demand ; as 
payment will be expected when the note falls due. [It is 
a vulgar and gross error to use this word in speaking of 
the past ; as, I expect the mail has arrived.] 
t EX-PECT, v. i. To wait; to stay.— Sandys. 
EX-PECT'A-BLE, a. That may be expected. 
EX-PECT'ANCE, ) n. 1. The act or state of expecting ; ex- 
EX-PECT'AN-CY, J pectation. 3. Something expected. 

3. Hope. 
EX-PECTAN-CY, n. In law, a state of waiting or suspen- 
sion. — An estate in expectancy is one which commences 
after the termination of another estate. 
EX-PECTANT, a. 1. Waiting ; looking for.— Swift. 2. An 
expectant estate is one which is suspended till the deter- 
mination of a particular estate. 
EX-PECTANT, n. One who expects ; one who waits in 
expectation ; one held in dependence by his belief or hope 
of receiving some good. 
EX-PECT-A'TION, n. [L. expectation 1. The act of expect- 
ing or looking forward to a future event with at least some 
reason to believe the event will happen. Expectation dif- 
fers from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may exist 
with little or no ground of belief that the desired event 
will arrive. Expectation is founded on some reasons 
which render the event probable. Hope is directed to 
some good ; expectation is directed to good or evil. 2. The 
state of expecting, either with hope or fear. 3, Prospect 
of good to come. 4. The object of expectation ; the ex- 
pected Messiah. 5. A state or qualities in a person which 
excite expectations in others of some future excellence. 
— 6. In chances, the value of any prospect of prize or prop- 
erty which depends on the happening of some uncertain 
event. — Expectation of life, in annuities, the mean or aver- 
age duration of human hfe after a specified age. — Syx. An- 
ticipation ; confidence ; trust. 



D6V E ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete. 



EXP 



380 



EXP 



r EX-PECT'A-Tl VE, n. That which is expected. 

t EX-PE€TA-TlVE, a. Expecting.— Cotgrave. 

EX-PECT'ER, n. One who expects; one who waits for 
something, or for another person.— Swift. 

EX-PECTTNG, ppr. Waiting or looking for the arrival of. 

EX-PECTTNG-LY, adv. In a state of expectation. 

EX-PEC'TO-RANT, a. Having the quality of promoting 
discharges from the lungs. 

EX-PEC'TO-RANT, n. A medicine which promotes dis- 
charges from the lungs. 

EX-PECTO-RITE, v. t. [L. expectoro.] To eject from the 
trachea or lungs ; to discharge phlegm, &c. by coughing. 

EX-PEC'TO-RI^TED, pp. or a. Discharged from the lungs. 

EX-PE€TO-Ra-TING, ppr. Throwing from the lungs. 

EX-PEC-TO-Rl'TION, n. The act of discharging phlegm 
or mucus from the lungs, by coughing; also, the matter 
thus discharged. 

EX-PEC'TO-RA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of promoting 
expectoration. 

EX Pe'DE HER'£U-LEM. [L.] From the remaining foot 
of Hercules' statue, learn the size of his entire person ; 
from a partial exhibition, learn the full extent of a man's 
powers. 

f EX-Pil'DI-ITE, v. t. To expedite. 

EX-PE'DI-ENCE, ) n. 1. Fitness or suitableness to effect 

EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, 5 some good end, or the purpose in- 
tended ; propriety under the particular circumstances of 
a case ; advantage ; usefulness. 2. Expedition ; adven- 
ture ; [obs.] 3. E.spedition ; haste ; dispatch ; [obs.] 

EX-PE'DI-ENT (eks-pe'de-ent), a. [L. expcdiens.] 1. Tend- 
ing to promote the object proposed; fit or suitable for 
the purpose ; proper under the circumstances. 2. Use- 
ful ; profitable ; advantageous. 3. Quick ; expeditious ; 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT, n. 1. That which serves to promote or ad- 
vance ; any means which may be employed to accomplish 
an end. 2. Means devised or employed in an exigency. — 
Syn. Shift ; contrivance ; resort ; substitute. 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Fitly; suitably; conveniently. 

2. Hastily ; quickly ; [obs.\ 

EX-PED'I-TaTE, v. t. [h. ex and pes.] In the forest laws of 
England, to cut out the balls or claws of a dog's fore feet, 
ft r the preservation of the king's game. 

EX-PED-I-TA'TION, n. The act of cutting out the balls or 
claws of a dog's fore feet. 

EX'PE-DlTE, v. t. [L. expedio.] 1. To hasten ; to quicken ; 
to accelerate motion or progress. 2. To dispatch ; to send 
from. 3. To hasten by rendering easy. 

EX'PE-DlTE, a. [L. expeditus.] 1. Quick; speedy; expe- 
ditious. 2. Easy ; unencumbered. 3. Active ; nimble ; 
ready ; prompt. 4. Light-armed; [obs.] 

EX'PE-DlT-ED, pp. Facilitated ; freed from impediment. 

EX'PE-DlTE-LY, adv. Readily; hastily; speedily ; promptly. 

EX'PE-DlT-IN«, ppr. Facilitating; hastening. 

EX-PE-Dl"TION (eks-pe-dish'un), n. [L. expedition 1. 
Haste ; speed ; quickness ; dispatch. 2. The march of an 
army, or the voyage of a fleet, to a distant place, for hos- 
tile purposes. 3. Any enterprise, undertaking, or attempt 
by a number of persons ; or the collective body which 
undertakes. 

EX-PE-Dl"TION-A-RY, a. Consisting in an expedition. 

EX-PE-Di"TIOUS (eks-pe-dish'us), a. 1. Quick; hasty; 
speedy ; prompt. 2. Nimble ; active ; swift ; acting with 
celerity. 

EX-PE-Di"TIOUS-LY, adv. Speedily ; hastily ; with celeri- 
ty or dispatch . 

EX-PED'I-TlVE, a. Performing with speed.— Bacon. 

EX-PEL', v. t. [L. expello.] 1. To drive or force out from 
any inclosed place. 2. To drive out; to force to leave. 

3. To eject ; to throw out. 4. To banish ; to exile. 5. To 
reject ; to refuse. 6. To exclude ; to keep out or off. — 7. 
In college government, to command to leave ; to dissolve 
the connection of a student. 

EX-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be expelled or driven out. 

EX-PELL.ED' (eks-peld'). pp. or a. Driven out or away; 
forced to leave ; banished ; exiled ; excluded. 

EX-PEL'LER, n. He or that which drives out or away. 

EX-PEL'LING,£2«". Driving out; forcing away; compelling 
to quit or depart; banishing; excluding. 

EX-PEND', v. t. [L. expendo.] To lay out; to disburse ; to 
spend; to deliver or distribute, either in payment or in 
donations. 2. To lay out; to use, to employ; to con- 
sume; as time or labor. 3. To use and consume. 4. 
To consume ; to dissipate ; to waste. 

EX-PEND', v. i. To be laid out, used, or consumed. 

EX-PEND'ED, pp. Laid out; spent; disbursed; used, 

EX-PENDTNG, ppr. Spending; using; employing. 

EX-PEND'I-TtJRE, n. 1. The act of expending; a laying 
out, as of money; disbursement. — Price. 2. Money ex- 
pended; expense. 

EX-PENSE' (eks-pens'), n. [L. expensum.] 1. A laying out 
or expending ; the aisbursing of money, or the employ- 
ment and consumption, as of time or labor. 2. Money 



expended; cost; charge; price; that which is disburse 
in payment or in charity. 3. That which is used, employ 
ed, laid out, or consumed. 

EX-PENSE'FUL, a. Costly ; expensive. [Rare.] 

t EX-PENSE'FUL-LY, adv. In a costly manner.— Werner. 

EX-PENSE'LESS (eks-pensles), a. Without expense. 

EX-PENS'iVE, a. 1. Costly; dear; requiring much ex 
pense. 2. Given to expense ; free in the use of money , 
extravagant ; lavish. 3. Liberal ; generous ; as, an ex 
pensive, indefatigable goodness ; [rare.] 

EX-PENS'iVE-LY, adv. With great expense ; at great cost 
or charge. — Swift. 

EX-PENS~'T VE-NESS, n. 1. Costliness ; the quality of in- 
curring or requiring great expenditures of money. 2. Ad 
dictedness to expense ; extravagance. 

EX-PE'RI-ENCE, n, [L. experiential 1. Trial, or a series of 
trials or experiments; active effort or attempt to do or 
to prove something, or repeated efforts. A single trial ia 
usually denominated an experiment ; experience may be a 
series of trials, or the result of such trials. 2. Observation 
of a fact or of the same facts or events happening under 
like circumstances. 3. Trial from suffering or enjoyment; 
suffering itself; the use of the senses. 4. Knowledge de- 
rived from trials, use, practice, or from a series of observa- 
tions. — Syn. Trial; proof; test; experiment. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, v. t. 1. To try by use, by suffering, or by 
enjoyment. 2. To know by practice or trial; to gain 
knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observa- 
tions. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCED (eks-pe're-enst), pp. 1. Tried; used; 
practiced. 2. a. Taught by practice or by repeated ob- 
servations ; skillful or wise by means of trials, use, or ob- 
servation. 

EX-Pe'RI-EN-CER, n. One who makes trials or experi- 
ments. 

EX-PE'RI-EN-CING,£>pr. Makingtrial; suffering or enjoying. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENT, a. Having experience. — Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

EX-PER'I-MENT, n. [L. experimentum.] A trial ; an act or 
operation designed to discover some unknown truth, prin- 
ciple, or effect, or to establish it when discovered. 

EX-PER'I-MENT, v. i. 1. To make trial ; to make an exper- 
iment ; to operate on a body in such a manner as to dis- 
cover some unknown fact, or to establish it when known. 

2. To try ; to search by trial. 3. To experience ; [obs.] 
EX-PER'I-MENT, v. t. To try ; to know by trial. 
EX-PER-I-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to experiment. 2. 

Known by experiment or trial ; derived from experiment 

3. Built on experiments; founded on trial and observa- 
tions, or on a series of results, the effects of operations. 

4. Taught by experience ; having personal experience ; as, 
experimental Christians. 5. Known by experience ; de- 
rived from experience ; as, experimental religion. 

EX-PER-I-MENT'AL-IST, n. One who makes experiments. 

EX-PER-I-MENT'AL-L Y, adv. 1. By experiment ; by trial ; 
by operation and observation of results. 2. By experi- 
ence ; by suffering or enjoyment. 

EX-PERI-MENT'A-TlVE, a. Experimental. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-ED, pp. Tried ; searched out by trial. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-ER, n. One who makes experiments, 
one skilled in experiments. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-ING, ppr. Making experiments or trials. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-IST, n. One who makes experiments. 
— Good. [This is more analogical than experimentalist.] 

EX-PER-I-MEN'TUM -GRU'CIS. [L.] Experiment of the 
cross ; a test of the severest and most searching nature ; a 
decisive experiment. 

EX-PERT', a. [L. expertus.] 1. Properly, experienced ; 
taught by use, practice, or experience ; hence, skillful ; 
well instructed; having familiar knowledge of. 2. Dex- 
trous; adroit; ready; prompt; clever; having a facility 
of operation or performance from practice. 

t EX-PERT', v. t. To experience.— Spenser. 

EX-PERT', n. An expert person. — Ed. Rev. 

EX-PERT'LY, adv. In a skillful or dextrous manner ; adroit- 
ly ; with readiness and accuracy. 

EX-PERTNESS, n. Skill derived from practice; readi- 
ness ; dexterity ; adroitness ; cleverness ; tact. 

t EX-PET'I-BLE, a. [L. expetibilis.] That may be wished 
for; desirable. 

EX'PI-A-BLE, a. [L. expiabilis.] That may be expiated; 
that may be atoned for and done away. 

EX'PI-aTE, v. t. [L. expio.] 1. To atone for; to make 
satisfaction for ; to extinguish the guilt of a crime by sub- 

. sequent acts of piety or worship, by which the obligation 
to punish the crime is canceled. 2. To make reparation 
for ; as, to expiate an injury. 3. To avert the threats of 
prodigies. 

EX'PI-a-TED, pp. Atoned for ; done away by satisfaction 
offered and accepted. 

EX'PI-a-TING, ppr. Making atonement or satisfaction ioi , 
destroying or removing guilt, and canceling the obligation 
to punish. 



See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.— a % I, &c, short— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



EXP 



381 



fcXP 



£X-PI-aTION, n. [L. expiatio.) 1. The act of atoning for a 
crime ; the act of making satisfaction for an offense ; 
atonement; satisfaction. 2. The means by which atone- 
ment for crimes is made ; atonement. — 3. Among ancient 
heathens, an act by which the threats of prodigies were 
averted. 

EX'PI-A-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make atonement 
or expiation. 

EX-PI-La'TION, n. [L. expilatio.] A stripping; the act of 
committing waste on land to the injury of an heir ; waste. 
[Little used.] 

EX-PiR'A-BLE, a. That may expire ; that may come to an 
end^ 

EX-PiR'ANT, n. One expiring. 

EX-PI-Ri'TION, n. [L. expiratio.] 1. The act of breathing 
out, or forcing the air from the lungs. 2. The last emission 
of breath ; death. 3. The emission~of volatile matter from 
any substance; evaporation; exhalation. 4. Matter ex- 
pired ; exhalation ; vapor ; fume. 5. Cessation ; close ; 
endj conclusion ; termination of a limited time. 

EX-Pi'RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to the emission or expira- 
tio^ of breath from the lungs. — Hall. 

EX-PlRE', v. t. [L. expire-.] 1. To breathe out; to throw 
out the breath from the lungs. 2. To exhale ; to emit in 
minute particles, as a fluid or volatile matter. 3. To con- 
clude; [obs.] 

EX-PlRE', v. i. 1. To emit the last breath as an animal ; 
to die ; to breathe the last. 2. To perish ; to end ; to fail 
or be destroyed; to come to nothing; to be frustrated. 
3. To fly out ; to be thrown out with force. 4. To come 
to an end ; to cease ; to terminate ; to close or conclude, 
as a_ given period. 

EX-PIR.ED', pret. and pp. of expire. 

EX-PlR'ING, ppr. 1. Breathing out air from the lungs ; 
emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; dying; end- 
ing ; terminating. 2. a. Dying ; pertaining to or uttered 
at the time of dying. 

t EX-PI3-CITION, n. [L. ex and piscatio.] A fishing.— 



EX-PLaIN', v. t. [L. expla?io.] To make plain, manifest, 
or intelligible ; to clear of obscurity ; to illustrate by dis- 
course, or by notes. — Syn. To expound ; interpret ; eluci- 
date ;_ clear up. 

EX-PLaIN', v. i. To give explanations. 

EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be cleared of obscurity ; 
capable of being made plain to the unf irstanding ; capable 
of being interpreted. 

EX-PLaINJJD' (eks-pland'), pp. Made clear or obvious to 
the understanding ; expounded ; illustrated. 

EX-PLaIN'ER, n. One who explains ; an expositor ; a com- 
mentator ; an interpreter. — Harris. 

EX-PLaIN'ING, ppr. or a. Expounding ; illustrating : in- 
terpreting ; opening to the understanding ; clearing of ob- 
scurity. 

EX-PLA-Na'TION, n. [L. explanatio.] 1. The act of explain- 
ing, expounding, or interpreting ; the act of clearing from 
obscurity and making intelligible. 2. The sense given by 
an expounder or interpreter. 3. A mutual exposition of 
terms, meaning, or motives, with a view to adjust a mis- 
understanding, and reconcile differences ; reconciliation. 
-Syn. Explication; exposition; interpretation; illustra- 
tion ; recital ; account ; detail. 

EX-PLANA-TO-RI-NESS, n. A being explanatory. 

EX-PLAN' A-TO-RY, n. Serving to explain ; containing ex- 
planation. 

EX-PLE'TION, n. [L. expletio.] Accomplishment; fulfill- 
ment. — Killingbeck. [Little used.] 

EXTLE-T1VE. a. [Fr. expletif.] Filling ; added for supply 
or ornament. 

EX'PLE-TIVE, n. In language, a word or syllable not 
necessary to the sense, but inserted to fill a vacancy, or 
for ornament. 

EX'PLE-TO-RY, a. Serving to fill. 

EX'PLI-CA-BLE, a. [L. explicabilis.] 1. Explainable; that 
may be unfolded to the mind ; that may be made intelli- 
gible. 2. That may be accounted for. 

EXTLI-CaTE, v. t. [L. explico.] 1. To unfold; to expand; 
to open. 2. To unfold the meaning or sense ; to explain ; 
to clear of difficulties or obscurity ; to interpret. 

EX'PLI-CI-TED, pp. Unfolded; explained. 

EX'PLI-€A-TING.£pr. Unfolding; explaining; interpreting. 

EX-PLI-€I'TION, n. 1. The act of opening or unfolding. 
2. The act of explaining ; explanation ; exposition ; inter- 
pretation. 3. The sense given by an expositor or inter- 
preter. 

EX'PLI-CX-TlVE, ) a. Serving to unfold or explain ; tend- 

EX'PLI-€A-TO-RY, 5 ing to lay open to the understanding. 

EX'PLI-CX-TOR, n. One who unfolds or explains. 

EX-PLICIT (eks-plis'it), a. [L. explicitus.] Literally, un- 
folded. Hence, plain in language ; clear, not obscure or 
ambiguous; express, not merely implied; open; unre- 
served ; definite ; having no disguised meaning or reser- 
vation. 



t EX'FLIC-IT. [L.] A word found at the conclusion if our 
old books, signifying the end, as we now use finis. 

EX-PLIC'IT-LY, adv. Plainly ; expressly ; without duplicity ■ 
without disguise or reservation of meaning. 

EX-PLIC'IT-NESS, n. Plainness of language or expression , 
clearness ; direct expression. 

EX-PLoDE', v. i. [L. explodo.] To utter a report with sud 
den violence ; to burst and expand with force and a vio 
lent report. 

EX-PLoDE', v. t. 1. To decry or reject with noise ; to ex 
press disapprobation of, with noise or marks of contempc 
2. To reject with any marks of disapprobation or disdain , 
to treat with contempt, and drive from notice; to drive 
into disrepute ; or, in general, to condemn ; to reject ; to 
cry down. 3. To drive out with violence and noise. 

EX-PLoD'ED, pp. or a. Driven away by hisses or noise 
rejected ; condemned ; cried down ; burst violently. 

EX-PLoD'ER, n. One who explodes or rejects. 

EX-PLoDTNG, ppr. Bursting and expanding with force anc 
a violent report ; rejecting ; condemning. 

EX-PLOIT, n. [Fr. exploit.] 1. A deed or act ; more espe 
daily, a heroic act ; a deed of renown ; a great or noble 
feat or achievement. [Exploiture, in a like sense, is not 
in use.] — 2. In a ludicrous sense, a great act of wickedness. 

t EX-PLOIT. v. t. To achieve.— Camden. 

t EX-PLo'RlTE, v. t. To explore. See Explore. 

EX-PLO-Ra'TION, n. The act of exploring ; close search ; 
strict or careful examination. 

EX'PLO-Ra-TOR, n. One who explores. 

EX-PL OR'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explore ; examining. 

EX-PLoRE', v. t. [L. exploro.] 1. To search for making dis- 
covery ; to view with care ; to examine closely by the 
eye. 2. To search by any means ; to try, as the sea with 
a plummet. 3. To search or pry into ; to scrutinize ; to 
inquire with care ; to examine closely with a -view to dis 
cover truth. 

EX-PL5R.ED' (eks-plord'), pp. or a. Searched ; viewed ; ex 
amined closely. 

EX-PLoRE'MENT, n. Search ; trial. [Little used.] 

EX-PLoR'ER, n. One who explores. 

EX-PLoRTNG, ppr. or a. Searching; viewing; examining. 

EX-PLo'SION (eks-plo'zhun), n. 1. A bursting with noise"; 
a bursting or sudden expansion of any elastic fluid, with 
force and a loud report. 2. The discharge of a piece of 
ordnance. 3. The sudden burst of sound, in a volcano, 
&c. 

EX-PL o'SiVE, a. Driving or bursting out with violence and 
noise ; causing explosion. 

EX-PLo'SlVE-LY, adv. In an explosive manner. 

EX-PO-LI-a'TION, n. [L. expoliatio.] A spoiling ; a wasting. 
See Spoliation. 

t EX-POL'ISH, for polish ; [a useless word.] 

EX-Po'NENT, n. [L. exponens.] 1. In algebra, the exponent 
or index of a power is the number or letter which, placed 
above a quantity at the right hand, denotes how often that 
quantity is repeated as a factor to produce the power. A 
fractional exponent is used to denote the root of a quantity. 
— 2. Exponent of a ratio, a term or phrase sometimes used 
to denote the quotient arising when the antecedent is di- 
vided by the consequent. Some mathematicians consider 
logarithms as the exponents of ratios. — 3. Figuratively, one 
who stands as an index or representative ; as, the leader 
of a party is the exponent of its principles. 

EX-PO-NENTIAL, a. Pertaining to exponents.— Exponential 
quantity, in algebra, one whose exponent is unknown or 
variable. — Exponential equation, one which contains an ex 
ponential quantity. — Exponential curve, one whose naturt 
is defined by means of an exponential equation. — Button. 

EX-P5RT, v. I. [L. exporto.] To carry out ; to convey or 
transport, in traffic, produce and goods from one country 
to another. 

EXPORT, n. A commodity actually conveyed from a»e 
country or state to another in traffic, or a commodi;v 
which may be exported. 

EX'PoRT-TRaDE, n. The trade which consists in the ex 
portation of commodities. 

EX-PoRTA-BLE, a. That may be exported. 

EX-PoR-TI'TION, n. 1. The act of exporting; the act ot 
conveying goods and productions from one country or 
state to another. 2. The act of carrying out. 

EX-P5RTED,#p. or a. Carried out of a country or state in 
traffic. 

EX-PoRT'ER, n. The person who exports. 

EX-PoRT'LNG, ppr. Conveying to a foreign country. 

t EX-P5SAL, n. Exposure.— Swift. 

EX-POSE', v. t. [Fr. exposer.] 1. To lay open ; to set to pub 
he view ; to disclose ; to uncover or draw from conceal- 
ment, as secret councils. 2. To make bare ; to uncover ; 
to remove from any thing that which guards or protects, 
as the body or chest 3. To remove from shelter; to 
place in a situation to be affected or acted on. 4. To lay 
open to attack, by any means, as a fortress. 5. To make 
liable ; to subject, o. To put in the power of. 7. To lay 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN "GER, Yi"CIOU3.— € as X. ; ci as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete. 



EXP 



382 



EXS 



open to censure, ridicule, or contempt. 8. To lay open, 
in almost any manner. 9. To put in danger. 10. To cast 
out to chance ; to place abroad, or in a situation unpro- 
tected. 11. To lay open ; to make public. 12. To offer ; 
to place in a situation to invite purchasers. 13. To offer 
to inspection. 

EX-POSE' (ex-po-za/), n. [Fr.] A laying open ; a formal 
recital, statement, or exposition. 

EX-P0S.ED' (ex-pozd'), pp. or a. Laid open ; laid bare ; un- 
covered ; unprotected ; made liable to attack ; offered for 
sale ; disclosed ; made public ; offered to view. 

EX-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being exposed ; open to 
attack, or unprotected. — Edwards. 

EX-PoS'ER, n. One who exposes. 

EX-PoS'ING, ppr. Lying or laying open; making bare; 
putting in danger; disclosing; placing in any situation 
without protection ; offering to inspection or to sale. 

EX-PO-Sl"TION (eks-po-zish'un), n. 1. A laying open ; a 
setting to public view. 2. A situation in which a thing is 
exposed or laid open, or in which it has an unobstructed 
view, or in which a free passage to it is open. 3. Ex- 
planation ; interpretation. 4. A work containing explana- 
tions or interpretations. 

EX-POS'I-TlVE, a. Explanatory ; laying open. 

EX-POST-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who expounds or explains ; 
an interpreter. 2. A book which expounds and ex- 
plains. 

EX-POS'I-TO-RY, a. Serving to explain or illustrate. 

EX POST FA-GTO. [L.] In law, done after another thing. 
— An ex post facto law, in criminal cases, consists in declar- 
ing an act penal or criminal which was innocent when 
done. — An ex post facto law is one that renders an act pun- 
ishable in a manner in which it was not punishable at the 
time it was committed. — Cranch. 

EX-POSTL-LITE (-posfyu-late), v. i. [L. expostulo.] To 
reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of 
his conduct. — Syn. To remonstrate ; reason. 

\ EX-POS'TU-LaTE, v. t. To discuss ; to examine. 

EX-POSTU-L A-TING, ppr. Reasoning or urging arguments 
against any improper conduct. 

EX-POS-TU-La'TION, n. 1. Reasoning with a person in 
opposition to his conduct; remonstrance. — 2. In rhetoric, 
an address containing expostulation. 

EX-POS'TU-La-TOR, n. One who expostulates. 

EX^POS'TU-LA-TO-RY, a. Containing expostulation. 

EX-Po'SURE (eks-po'zhur), n. 1. The act of exposing or 
laying open. 2. The state of being laid open to view, to 
danger, or to any inconvenience. 3. The situation of a 
place in regard to points of compass, or to a free access of 
air and light. 

EX-POUND', v. t. [L. expono.) 1. To lay open the meaning ; 
to clear of obscurity. 2. To lay open ; to examine ; [obs.] 
— Syn. To explain ; interpret ; unfold. 

EX-POUND'ED, pp. Explained; interpreted. 

EX-POUND'ER, n. An explainer ; one who interprets. 

EX-POUND'ING, ppr. Explaining ; laying open ; making 
clear to the understanding ; interpreting. 

EX-PRESS', v. t. [Sp. expresar.) 1. To press or squeeze 
out ; to force out by pressure. 2. To set forth in words ; 
to speak. 3. To write or engrave ; to represent in writ- 
ten words or language. 4. To represent; to exhibit by 
copy or resemblance. 5. To represent or show by imita- 
tion or the imitative arts ; to form a likeness. 6. To show 
or make known ; to indicate, as one's wishes. 7. To de- 
note ; to designate ; as, expressed by name. 8. To extort ; 
to elicit. — Syn. To declare; utter; signify; testify; in- 
timate. 

EX-PRESS', a. 1. Plain ; clear ; expressed ; direct ; not 
ambiguous. 2. Given in direct terms ; not implied or left 
to inference. 3. Copied ; resembling ; bearing an exact 
representation. 4. Intended or sent for a particular pur- 
pose, or on a particular errand. 

EX-PRESS', n. 1. A messenger or vehicle sent on a par- 
ticular occasion. 2. A message sent. 3. A direct declara- 
tion ; [obs.] 4. A regular conveyance for packages, &c. 

EX-PRESS.ED' (eks-presf), pp. or a. Squeezed or forced 
out, as juice or liquor; uttered in words; set down in 
writing or letters ; declared ; represented ; shown. 

EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be expressed ; that may 
be uttered, declared, shown, or represented. 2. That ntay 
be squeezed out. 

EX-PRESS'ING, ppr. Forcing out by pressure ; uttering ; 
declaring; showing; representing. 

EX-PRES'SION, n. 1. The act ofexpressing ; the act of 
forcing out by pressure. 2. The act of uttering, declaring, 
or representing ; utterance ; declaration ; representation. 
3. A phrase or mode of speech. — 4. In rhetoric, elocution ; 
diction; the peculiar manner of utterance, suited to the 
subject and sentiment. — 5. In painting and sculpture, a 
natural and lively representation of the subject. — 6. In 
music, the tone, grace, or modulation of voice or sound 
evuted to any particular subject ; that manner which gives 
life and reality to ideas and sentiments. — 7. Theatrical ex- 



pression is a distinct, sonorous, and pleasing proruuiciutio?! 
accompanied with action suited to the subject. — 8. In al- 
gebra, the representation of any quantity by its appropri 
ate characters or signs. 

EX-PRES'SION-LESS, a. Destitute of expression. 

EX-PRESS'lVE, a. 1. Serving to express ; serving to uttei 
or represent. 2. Representing with force ; significant , 
emphatical. 3. Showing; representing. 

EX-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In an expressive manner ; clear- 
ly ; fully ; with a clear representation. 

EX-PRESS'iVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being express 
ive ; the power of expression or representation by words. 
2. The power or force of representation ; the quality of 
presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the 
mind. 

EX-PRES-S'i'VO (ex-pres-se'vo). [It] With expression. 

EX-PRESS'LY, adv. In direct terms ; plainly. 

t EX-PRESS'NESS, n. The state of being express. 

EX-PRESS'URE (eks-presh'ur), n. Expression ; utterance , 
representation ; mark ; impression. [Little used.] 

* EX'PRO-BRITE, v. t. (L. exprobro.] To upbraid ; to cen- 
sure as reproachful ; to blame ; to condemn. 

EX-PRO-BRa'TION, n. The act of charging or censuring 
reproachfully ; reproachful accusation ; the act of up- 
braiding. 

EX-PRo'BRA-TlVE, a. Upbraiding ; expressing reproach. 

EX PRO-FES SO. [L.] Professedly; by profession. 

EX-PRo'PRI-ITE, v. t. [L. ex and proprius.] To disengage 
from appropriation ; to hold no longer as one's own ; to 
give up a claim to exclusive property. 

EX-PRO-PRI-I'TION, n. The act of discarding appropria- 
tion^ or declining to hold as one's own. 

EX-PuGN' (eks-piine'), v. t. [L. expugno.] To conquer ; tc 
take by assault. — Johnson. 

EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. That may be forced. 

EX-PUG-Na'TION, n. Conquest; the act of taking by as 
s'ault. 

EX-PuGN'ER (eks-pun'er), n. One who subdues. 

EX-PULSE' (eks-pulsO, v. t. [Fr. expulser.] To drive out , 
to expel. — Shak. [Little used.] 

t EX-PULS'ER, n. An expeljer.— Cotgrave. 

EX-PUL'SION, n. 1. The act of driving out or expelling ; 
a driving away by violence. 2. The state of being driven 
out or away. 

EX-PUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of driving out or 
away ; serving to expel. — Wiseman. 

EX-PUNC'TION, n. The act of expunging ; the act of blot- 
ting out or erasing. — Milton. 

EX-PUNGE' (eks-punj'), v.t. [L. expungo.] 1. To blot out, 
as with a pen ; to rub out, as words. — 2. Figuratively, to 
do away or wipe out ; as, " to expunge the offense." San- 
dys. — Syn. To efface ; erase ; obliterate ; strike out ; de- 
stroy ; annihilate. 

EX-PUN6£D' (eks-punjd), pp. Blotted out; obliterated; 
destroyed. 

EX-PUNG'ING, ppr. or a. Blotting out ; erasing ; effacing. 

EX-PUNG'ING, n. The act of blotting out or destroying. 

EX-PUR'G1TE or EX'PUR-GITE, v. t. [L. expurgo.] To 
purge ; to cleanse ; to purify from any thing noxious, 
offensive, or erroneous. 

EX-PUR'Ga-TED or EX'PUR-GI-TED, pp. or a. Purged , 
cleansed ; purified. 

EX-PUR'GI-TING or EX'PUR-GI-TING, ppr. Purging, 
cleansing ; purifying. 

EX-PUR-GI'TION, n. 1. The act of- purging or cleansing , 
evacuation. 2. A cleansing ; purification. 

EX'PUR-Ga-TOR, n. One who expurgates or purifies. 

t EX-PUR-GA-To'RI-OUS, a. That expurgates or expunges. 

EX-PUR'GA-TO-RY, a. Cleansing; purifying; serving to 
purify from any thing noxious or erroneous. 

t EX-PURGE' (eks-purj 7 ), v. t. [L. expurgo.] To purge away 
— Milton. 

t EX-QUlRE', v. t. [L. exquiro.] To search into or out. 

EX'QJJI-SiTE, a. [L. exquisitus.] Literally, sought out with 
care ; whence, choice ; select. Hence, 1. Highly finished 
or perfected ; very excellent or complete ; as, exquisite 
workmanship. 2. Capable of great delicacy of percep- 
tion ; as, exquisite sensibility. 3. Capable of great nicety 
of discrimination, as last. 4. Existing in the highest de- 
gree, as pain or pleasure. 5. Very sensibly felt ; as, exqui- 
site impressions. Cheyne. — Syn. Nice ; delicate ; exact ; 
accurate ; refined ; extreme ; matchless ; consummate ; 
perfect. 

EX'QUI-SiTE, n. One dressed with extreme care ; a fop. 

EX'QUI-SiTE-LY, adv. 1. Nicely ; accurately ; with great 
perfection. 2. With keen sensation or with nice percep- 
tion. 

EX'QUI-SiTE-NESS, n. 1. Nicety ; exactness ; accuracy 
completeness ; perfection. 2. Keenness ; sharpness ; ex- 
tremity. 

t EX-QUIS'I-TIVE, a. Curious ; eager to discover. 

f EX-QJLJIS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. Curiously ; minutely. 

EX-SAN"GUI-OUS, a. [L. exsanguis.] Destitute of blood, 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK, 



EXT 



383 



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or, rather, of red blood. [Exsanguineous and exsanguinous 

are also sometimes used] 
EX SCIND' (eks-sind'), v. t. [L. ezscindo.] To cut off. 
EX-SCIND'ED, pp. Cut off. 
EX-SCINDlNG.jjpr. Cutting off. 

t EX-SCRlBE', v. t. [L. exscribo.] To copy ; to transcribe. 
» EX-SCRIPT, n. A copy ; a transcript. 
EX-SECTION, n. [L. exsectio.] A cutting off. 
EX-SERT, \a. [L. exsero.] Standing out; projecting 
EX-SERT'ED, J beyond something else. 
EX-SERT'iLE, a. That may be thrust out. 
EX-SICCANT, a. Drying ; evaporating moisture ; having 

the quality of drying. 
*EX-SI€'€aTE or EX'SIC-CITE, v. t. [L. exsicco.] To 

dry ; to exhaust or evaporate moisture. — Brown. 

* EX-SIC'Ca-TED or EX'SI€-€a-TED, pp. or a. Dried. 

* EX-SICC X-TING or EX'SI€-€1-TING, ppr. or a. Drying ; 

evaporating moisture. 

EX-SICC aTION, n. The act or operation of drying ; evap- 
oration of moisture ; dryness. — Brown. 

EX-SIC€A-TlVE, a. Tending to make dry. 

EX-SPU-i"TION (-ish'un), n. [L. expuo.] A discharge of sal- 
iva by spitting. 

EX-STIP'U-LATE, a. [L. ex and stipula.] In botany, having 
no stipules. 

EX-SUC'COUS, a. [L. ezsuccus.] Destitute of juice; dry.— 
Brown. 

EX-SUCTION, n. [L. exugo.] The act of sucking out— 
Boyle. 

EX-SU-Da'TION, n. [L. exudo.] 1. A sweating ; a discharge 
of humors or moisture from animal bodies. 2. The dis- 
charge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth, 
&c. [This orthography would be preferable, but exuda- 
tion is most common.] 

EX-SUF-FLITION, n. [L. ex and sufflo.] 1. A blowing or 
blast from beneath. 2. A kind of exorcism. 

f EX-SUFFO-LATE, a. Contemptible.— Shak. 

t EX-SUS'CI-TaTE, v. t. [L. exsuscito.] To rouse ; to excite. 

t EX-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, n. A stirring up ; a rousing. 

t EX'TANCE, n. [L. extans.] Outward existence. 

EX'TAN-CY, n. [L. exstans.] 1. The state of rising above 
others. 2. Parts rising above the rest. — Boyle ; [little used.] 

EX'TANT, a. [L. exstans, extans.] 1. Standing out or above 
any surface ; protruded. 2. In being ; now subsisting ; 
not suppressed, destroyed, or lost, as books or writings. 

EX'TA SY ? 

EX-TATIC S See EcsTASY > Ecstatic. 

EX-TEM'PO-RAL. a. [L. extemporalis.] 1. Made or uttered 
at the moment, without premeditation. 2. Speaking with- 
out premeditation. [Instead of this word, extemporaneous 
and extemporary are now used] 

EX-TEM'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without premeditation. 

t EX-TEM-PO-Ra/NE-AN. See Extemporaneous. 

EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. extemporaneus. ] Com- 
posed, performed, or uttered at the time the subject oc- 
curs, without previous study ; unpremeditated. 

EX-TEM-PO-RI'NE-OUS-L Y, adv. Without previous study. 

EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being 
unpremeditated. 

EX-TEMTO-RA-RI-LY, adv. Without previous study. 

EX-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. ex and temporarius.] Composed, 
performed, or uttered without previous study or prep- 
aration. 

EX-TEM'PO-RE (ex-tem'-po-ry), adv. [L.] 1. Without pre 
vious study or meditation ; without preparation ; sudden- 
ly. 2. It is used as an adjective improperly, or at least 
without necessity, for extemporaneous. 

EX-TEM'PO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unpremedi- 
tated; the state of being composed, performed or uttered 
without previous study. 

EX-TEM'PO-RlZE, v. i. 1. To speak extempore ; to speak 
without previous study or preparation. 2. To discourse 
without notes or written composition. 

EX-TEM'PO-RlZ-ER, n. One who speaks without previ- 
ous study, orwithout written composition. 

EX-TEM'PO-RlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Speaking without previous 
study, or preparation by writing. 

EX-TEND', v. t. fL. extendo.] 1. To stretch in any direc- 
tion ; to carry torward, or continue in length, as a line ; 
to spread in breadth ; to expand or dilate in size. 2. To 
stretch forth ; to reach out, as the hand. — 3. Figuratively, 
to spread forth on every side ; as, to extend trade. 4. To 
continue ; to prolong ; as, to extend the time of payment. 
5. To communicate ; to bestow on ; to use or exercise 
toward, as kindness. 6. To impart ; to yield or give, as 
relief. — 7. In law, to value lands taken by* a writ of extent 
in satisfaction of a debt ; or to levy on lands, as an execu- 
tion — Svn. To enlarge ; expand ; widen ; diffuse. 
EX-TEND', v. i. To stretch ; to reach ; to be continued in 

length or breadth. 
EX-TEN D'ED, pp. or a. Stretched ; spread ; expanded ; 

enlarged ; bestowed on ; communicated ; levied. 
EX-TEND'ER, n. He or that which extends or stretches. 



EX-TEND1-BLE, a. Capable of being extended 

EX-TENDING, ppr. Stretching ; reaching ; continuing in 
length; spreading; enlarging; valuing. 

t EX-TEND'LESS NESS, n. Unlimited extension. 

EX-TENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being extended, 
or of suffering extension. 

EX'-TENS'I-BLE, a. That may be extended ; susceptible oi 
enlargement. 

EX-TENS1-BLE-NESS, n. Extensibility. 

EX-TENS'lLE, a. Capable of being extended. 

EX-TEN'SION, n. [L. extensio.] 1. The act of extending , 
a stretching. 2. The state of being extended ; enlarge- 
ment in breadth, or continuation of length. — 3. In philoso- 
phy, that property of a body by which it occupies a por- 
tion of space. — 4. In mercantile language, an extension is 
a written engagement on the part of creditors, allowing a 
debtor further time for the payment of his debts. 

t EX-TEN'SION-AL, a. Having great extent.— More. 

EX-TENS'iVE, a. 1. Wide ; large ; comprehensive ; having 
great enlargement or extent. 2. That may be extended ; 
[obs.] 

EX-TENS'lVE-LY, adv. Widely ; to a great extent. 

EX-TENS'lVE-NESS, n. 1. Wideness ; largeness ; exten' 

2. Extent ; diffusiveness. 3. Capacity of being extended 
— Ray. 

EX-TENS'OR, n. [L.] In anatomy, a muscle which serves 
to extend or straighten any part of the body. 

EX-TENT', a. Extended.— Spenser. 

EX-TENT, n. [L. extentus.] 1. Space or degree to which 
a thing is extended ; compass ; bulk ; size. 2. Length. 

3. Communication ; distribution. — 4. In law, a writ of ex- 
ecution, or extendi facias, against the body, lands, and 
goods, or the lands only, of a debtor ; also, the act of the 
sheriff or officer upon the writ. 

EX-TENU-ITE, v. t. [L. extenuo.] 1. To make thin, lean, 
or slender. 2. To lessen ; to diminish, as a crime or guilt 
3. To lessen in representation ; to palliate ; [opposed to 
aggravate.] 4. To lessen or diminish in honor. 5. To 
make thin or rare ; [opposed to condensed] 

t EX-TEN-U-ATE, a. Thin ; slender. 

EX-TEN'U-A-TED, pp. Made thin, lean, or slender ; made 
smaller ; lessened ; diminished ; palliated. 

EX-TEN'U-a-TING, ppr. or a. Making thin or slender, 
lessening ; diminishing ; palliating ; making rare. 

EX-TEN-U-a'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin ; the 
process of growing thin or lean ; the losing of flesh. 2. 
The act representing any thing less wrong, faulty, or 
criminal than it is in fact ; palliation. 3. Mitigation ; alle- 
viation. 

EX-TENU-a-TOR, n. One who extenuates. 

EX-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. External ; outward ; applied t. 
the outside or outer surface of a body, and opposed to in- 
terior. 2. External ; on the outside, with reference to a 
person ; extrinsic. 3. Foreign ; relating to foreign na- 
tions. 

EX-Te'RI-OR, n. 1. The outward surface ; that which is 
external. 2. Outward or visible deportment ; appearance. 

t EX-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. Surface ; superficies. 

EX-Te'RI-OR-LY, adv. Outwardly ; externally. 

EX-TE'RI-ORS, n. pi. 1. The outward parts of a thing. 2 
Outward or external deportment, or forms and ceremo 
nies ; visible acts. 

EX-TERM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. extermino.] 1. To dest-oy ut 
terly ; to drive away ; to extirpate, as nations. 2. To 
eradicate ; to root out ; to extirpate, as vices. 3. To root 
out, as plants ; to extirpate. — 4. In algebra, to take away ; 
to cause to disappear, as an unknown quantity from an 
equation. 

EX-TERMTN-A-TED, pp. or a. Utterly driven away or de- 
stroyed ; eradicated ; extirpated ; taken away. 

EX-TERMTN-A-TING, ppr. or a. Driving away, or Morally 
destroying ; eradicating ; extirpating ; taking away. 

EX-TERM-IN-I'TION, n. 1. The act of exterminating ; 
total expulsion or destruction ; eradication ; extirpation ; 
excision. — 2. In algebra, a taking away, or causing to dis- 
appear. 

EX-TERMTN-I-TOR, n. He or that which exterminate.? 

EX-TERM'IN-A-TO-RY, a. Serving to exterminate. 

t EX-TERM'INE, v. t. To exterminate.— Shak. 

EX-TERN', a. [L. externus.] 1. External ; not inhc-ent. 2. 
n. A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls. 

EX-TERN'AL, a. [L. externus.] 1. Outward ; exterior ; as 
the external surface of a body ; [opposed to internal.] 2 
Outward ; not intrinsic ; not being within, as causes or 
effects. 3. Exterior ; visible ; apparent conduct. 4. For 
eign : relating to or connected with foreign nations. 

EX-TER-NAL'I-TY, n. External perception.—^. Smith. 

EX-TERN'AL-LY, adv. ! Outwardly ; on the outside. 2 
In appearance ; visibly. 

EX-TERN'ALS, n. pi. 1. The outward parts ; extenoi 
form. 2._0utward rites and ceremonies ; visible forms. 

EX-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. exterraneus.] Foreign ; com 
ing from abroad. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CI0U8 ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; €H as SH ; TH as in tins. >\ Obsolete 



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384 



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EX-TER'SION, n. \h. extersio.] The act of wiping or rub- 
bing out. 

EX-TILL', v. i. [L. eztillo.] To drop or distill from. 

EX-TJL-L A'TION, n. The act of falling in drops. 

EX-TILL.ED' (eks-tild'), pp. Distilled ; falling by drops. 

\ EX-TIM'U-LITE. See Stimulate. 

EX-TIM-U-L1TION. See Stimulation. 

EX-TINGT', a. [L. extinctus.] 1. Extinguished; put out; 
quenched. 2. Being at an end ; having no survivor. 3. 
Being at an end ; having ceased. 4. Being at an end, by 
abolition or disuse ; having no force. 

f EX-TIN€T', v. t. To put out ; to destroy. [Improper.] 

EX-TINC'TION, n. [L. extinctio.] 1. The act of putting out 
or destroying light or fire. 2. The state of being extin- 
guished, quenched, or suffocated. 3. Destruction ; ex- 
cision, as of a race or people. 4. Destruction ; suppres- 
sion ; a putting an end to, as of hopes. 

EX-TIN"GUISH (eks-ting'gwish), v. t. [L. extinguo.] 1. To 
put out ; to quench ; to "suffocate ; to destroy. 2. To de- 
stroy ; to put an end to, as hopes. 3. To cloud or obscure 
by superior splendor, as glory. 4. To put an end to by 
union or consolidation. -See Extinguishment. 

EX-TIN"GUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be quenched, de- 
stroyed, or suppressed. 

EX-TIN"GUISHjED (eks-ting'gwisht), pp. or a. Put out; 
quenched ; stifled ; suppressed ; destroyed. 

EX-TIN"GUISH-ER, n. 1. He or that which extinguishes. 
2. A hollow, conical utensil to be put on a candle or lamp 
to extinguish it. 

EX-TIN"GUISH-ING (eks-ting'gwish-ing), ppr. Putting out ; 
quenching ; suppressing;' destroying. 

EX-TIN"GUISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting out or 
quenching ; extinction ; suppression ; destruction. 2. Ab- 
olition ; nullification. 3. Extinction ; a putting an end to, 
or a coming to an end ; termination. 4. The putting an 
end to a right or estate, by consolidation or union. 

t EX-TiRP' (eks-turp'), v. t. To extirpate.— Spenser. 

EX-TiRPA-BLE, a. That may be eradicated. 

EX-TiR'PaTE (eks-tur'pate), v. t. [L. extirpo.] 1. To pull 
or pluck up by the roots ; to root out ; to eradicate ; to 
destroy totally, as plants. 2. To eradicate ; to root out ; 
to destroy wholly, as bad habits, &c. — 3. In surgery, to 
cut out; to cut off; to eat out ; to remove completely. 

EX-TiR'Pa-TED, pp. or a. Plucked up by the roots ; root- 
ed out ; eradicated ; totally destroyed. 

EX-TiR'PI-TING, ppr. Pulling up or out by the roots : 
eradicating ; totally destroying. 

EX-TiR-P a'TION, n. The act of rooting out ; eradication ; 
excision^ total destruction ; complete removal. 

EX'TiR-Pa-TOR,, n. One who roots out; a destroyer. 

f EX-TI-SPl"C10US (-spish'us), a. [L. extispiciwn.] Augu- 
rial ; relating to the inspection of entrails in order to prog- 
nostication. — Brown. 

EX-TOL', v. t. [L. extollo.] To raise in words or eulogy ; 
to exalt in commendation. — Syn. To praise ; laud ; ap- 
plaud ; commend ; magnify ; celebrate ; glorify. 

EX-TOLL.ED' (eks-told'), pp. Exalted in commendation ; 
praised ; magnified. 

EX-TOL'LER, n. One who praises or magnifies ; a praiser 
or magnifier. 

EX-TOL'LING, ppr. Praising ; exalting by praise or com- 
mendation ; magnifying. 

EX-TORS'IVE, a. Serving to extort ; tending to draw from 
by compulsion. 

EX-TORS'IVE-LY, adv. In an extorsive manner. 

EX-TORT', v. t. [L. extortus.] 1. To draw from by force 
or compulsion ; to wrest or wring from. 2. To gain by 
violence or oppression ; to exact. 

EX-TORT', v. i. To practice extortion. — Spenser. 

\ EX-TORT', pp. for extorted.— Spenser. 

EX-TORT'ED, pp. or a. Drawn from by compulsion. 

EX-TORT'ER, n. One who extorts.— Camden. 

EX-TORTING. ppr. Wresting from by force. 

EX-TOR'TION, n. 1. The act of extorting ; the act or prac- 
tice of wresting anything from a person by force, duress, 
menaces, authority, or by any undue exercise of power ; 
illegal exaction; illegal compulsion. 2. Force or illegal 
compulsion, by which any thing is taken from a person. — 
Syn. Oppression; rapacity; exaction. 

EX-TORTION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to, or implying extortion. 

EX-TOR'TION-ATE, \ a. Oppressive ; containing extor- 

EXTOR'TION-OUS, j tion. 

EX-TOR'TION-ER, n. One who practices extortion. 

EX-TORTIOUS, a. Oppressive ; violent ; unjust. 

EXTRA, a Latin preposition, denoting beyond or excess. 
It is sometimes used as an adjective ; as, extra work, extra 
pay, work or pay beyoud what is usual or agreed on. 
Sometimes it stands by itself as a noun, through the omis- 
sion of the word connected with it ; as, to dispatch an ex- 
tra, i. e., an extra stage-coach. 

EX-TRA-Do'TAL, a. Not belonging to dower ; parapher- 
nal. — Kent. 

EX-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. extra and folium.] In bota- 



ny, away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place 
from them. — Loudon. 

EX-TRA-JU-Dl"CIAL (-ju-dish'al), a. Out of the proper 
court, or the ordinary course of legal procedure. 

EX-TRA-JU-Dl"CIAL-LY, adv. In a manner out of the or- 
dinary course of legal proceedings. 

EX-TRA-LIM'IT-A-RY, a. [extra and limit.] Being beyond 
the limit or bounds. — Mitford. 

EX-TRA-OF-Fl"CIAL (of-fish'al), a. Not within the limit? 
of official duty. 

EX-TRA-PA-Ro'€HI-AL, a. [extra and parochial] Not with 
in the limits of any parish. 

EX-TRA-PHYST€-AL, a. Metaphysical.— Lawrence. 

EX-TRA-PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. Foreign to a profession- 
not within the ordinary limits of professional duty. 

EX-TRA-PRO-VIN'CIAL (-pro-vin'shal), a. Not within the 
same province. 

EX-TRA-REG'H-LAR, a. [extra and regular.] Not compre- 
hended within a rule or rules. — Taylor. 

EX-TRA-TER-RI-To'RI-AL, a. Being beyond or without 
the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction. 

EX-TRA-TROP'I€-AL, a. [extra and tropical] Beyond the 
tropics ; without the tropics, north or south. — Whewell. 

EX-TRA-VAS'€U-LAR, a. Being out of the proper vessels. 

EX-TRAGT', v. t. [L. extractus.] 1. In a general sense, to 
draw from, by any means or operation. 2. To draw out. 
3. To draw out, as the juices or essence of a substance, 
by distillation, solution, or other means. 4. To take out ; 
to take from. 5. To take out or select a part ; to take a 
passage or passages from a book or writing. — 6. In arith- 
metic and algebra, to extract the root of a number or quan- 
tity is to find its root. 

EX'TRAGT, n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn from 
something. — 2. In literature, a passage taken from a book 
or writing. — 3. In pharmacy, any thing drawn from a sub- 
stance, as essences, tinctures, &c. ; also, an inspissated, 
expressed, or exuded juice. — 4. In chemistry, a peculiar 
principle, once erroneously supposed to form the basis of 
all vegetable extracts ; called, also, the extractive principle. 
5. Extraction; descent; [obs.] 

EX-TRAGT'ED, pp. or a. Drawn or taken out. 

EXTRACTING, ppr. Drawing or taking out. 

EX-TRACTION, n. [L. extractio.] 1. The act of drawing 
out. 2. Descent ; lineage ; birth ; derivation of persons 
from a stock or family. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of 
drawing essences, tinctures, &c, from a substance. — 4. In 
arithmetic and algebra, the extraction of roots is the opera 
tion of finding the root of a given number or quantity 
also, the method or rule by which the operation is per- 
formed; evolution. 

EX-TRACTI VE, a. That is or may be extracted.— Kirwan 

EX-TRACT'lVE, n. The same as extract. 

EX-TRACT'OR, n. In midwifery, a forceps or instrument 
for extracting children. 

t EX-TRA-DIC'TION-A-RY, a. [L. extra and dictio.] Con- 
sisting not in words, but in realities. — Browne. 

EX-TRA-Di"TION, n. Delivery on the part of one govern 
ment to another ; particularly, the delivery of those who 
have fled from justice. 

EX-TRa'DOS, n. The exterior curve of an arch. — Brande 

EX-TRA-6e'NE-OUS, a. [L. extra and genus.] Belonging to 
another kind. 

EX-TRA-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. A sending out ; emission 

EX-TRA-MUN'DaNE, a. [L. extra and mundus.] Beyond 
the limit of the material world. 

EX-TRa'NE-OUS, a. [L. extranms.] Foreign; not belong- 
ing to a thing ; existing without ; not intrinsic. 

EX-TRa'NE-OUS-LY, adv. In an extraneous manner. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RIES (eks-trofde-na-riz), n. pi. Things 
which-exceed the usual order, kind, or method. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-LY (ex-tror'de-na-re-ly), adv. In a 
manner out of the ordinary or usual method ; beyond the 
common course, limits, or order ; in an uncommon de- 
gree ; remarkably ; particularly ; eminently. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-NESS, n. Uncommonness ; remark- 

cblCUGSS. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY (ex-tror'de-na-ry), a. [L. extraordino- 
rius.] 1. Beyond or out of the common order or method ; 
not in the usual, customary, or regular course ; not ordi- 
nary. 2. Exceeding the common degree or measure; 
hence, remarkable ; uncommon; eminent; rare; wonder 
ful. 3. Special ; particular ; sent for a special purpose, 
or on a particular occasion ; as, a minister extraordinary. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, n. Any thing which exceeds ordi- 
nary method or computation. . [Uncommon in the singular 
number.] 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, adv. Extraordinarily. 

t EX-TRAUGHT'. old pp. of extract. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANCE, \n. [L. extra and vagans.] 1. Liter 

EX-TRAV'A-GAN-CY, ) ally, a wandering beyond a limit 

2. A going beyond the limits of strict truth, or probability. 

3. Excess of affection, passion, or appetite. 4. Excess in 
expenditures of property ; the expending of money with- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, J, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE BOOfv 



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out nl .lessity, or boyond what is reasonable or proper. 5. 
Any excess or wandering from prescribed limits. — Stn. 
Wildness ; irregularity ; excess ; prodigality : profusion ; 
waste ; dissipation ; bombast ; outrage ; violence. 

EX-TRAV'A-GAXT, a. 1. Literally, wandering beyond lim- 
its. 2. Excessive ; exceeding due bounds ; unreasonable. 
3. Irregular; wild; not within ordinary limits of truth or 
probability, or other usual bounds. 4. Exceeding neces- 
sity or propriety ; wasteful. 5. Prodigal ; lavish ; profuse 
in expenses. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT, n. One who i3 confined to no general 
rule. — V Estrange. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In an extravagant znanner ; 
wildly ; not within the limits of truth or probability. 2. 
Unreasonably ; excessively. 3. In a manner to use prop- 
erty without necessity or propriety, or to no good pur- 
. pose ; expensively, or profusely to an unjustifiable degree. 

EXTRAV'A-GANT-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANTS, n. pi. In Church history, certain de- 
cretal epistles or constitutions of the popes. 

EX-TRAV-A-GAN'ZA, n. [It.] A musical composition de- 
signed to produce effect by its wild irregularity. — Smart. 

f EX-TRAV'A-GITE. v. i. To wander beyond limits. 

EX-TRAV-A-GaTION, n. Excess; a wandering beyond 
limits. — Smollett. 

EX-TRAV'A-SaTE, v. t. To let out of the proper vessels, 
as blood. 

EX-TRAV'A-Sa-TED, pp. or a. [L. extra and vasa.] Forced 
or let out of its proper vessels. — Arbuthnot. 

EX-TRAV'A-SI-TING, ppr. Escaping from the proper ves- 
sels. 

EX-TRAV-A-SaTION, n. The act of forcing or letting out 
of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid ; the state of being 
forced or let out of its containing vessels ; effusion. 

1- EX-TRAV'E-NATE, a. Let out of the veins. 

EX-TRA-VER'SION, n. The act of throwing out ; the state 
of being turned or thrown out. [Little used.] 

rEX-TR£ AT. n. Extraction.— Spenser. 

EX-TReME', a. [L. extremes.] 1. Outermost ; utmost ; fur- 
thest ; at the utmost point, edge, or border. 2. Greatest ; 
most violent ; utmost ; as joy or sorrow. 3. Last ; beyond 
which there is none ; as, extreme measure. 4. Utmost ; 
worst or best that can exist or be supposed. 5. Most 
pressing, as want or necessity. — Extreme unction, among 
the Roman Catholics, is the anointing of a sick person with 
oil, when affected with some mortal disease, and usually 
just before death. 

EX-TReME', n. 1. The utmost point or verge of a thing ; 
that part which terminates a body. 2. Utmost point ; fur- 
thest degree. — 3. In logic, the extremes or extreme terms of a 
syllogism are the predicate and subject of the conclusion. 
Thus, Man is mortal : Peter is a man ; therefore Peter is 
mortal. Here, mortal is the greater extreme, Peter the 
less extreme, and man the middle term by which they 
are brought together in the conclusion.— 4. In mathemat- 
ics, the extremes are the first and last terms of a proportion. 
— Syn. Extremity ; end ; termination. 

EX-TReME'LESS, a. Having no extremes, or extremities ; 
infinite. 

EX-TReME'LY, adv. 1. In the utmost degree ; to the ut- 
most point. — 2. In familiar language, very much : greatly. 

EX-TREM'I-TY, n. [L. extremitas.] 1. The utmost point or 
side ; the point or border that terminates a thing. 2. A 
term applied to the utmost parts, as the limbs, &c. 3. 
The utmost point ; the highest or furthest degree ; as, the 
extremity of guilt. 4. Extreme or utmost distress, straits, 
or difficulties. 5. The utmost rigor or violence. 6. The 
most aggravated state. — Stn. Verge ; border ; extreme ; 
end; termination. 

EX'TRI-€A-BLE, a. That can be extricated. 

EX'TRI-CITE, v. t. [L. extrico.] 1. To free from difficulties 
or perplexities. 2. To send out ; to cause to be emitted 
or evolved, as gas. — Syn. To disentangle ; disembarrass ; 
disengage; relieve; evolve: set free. 

EXTRI-€a-TED, pp. Disentangled ; freed from difficulties 
and perplexities ; disembarrassed ; evolved. 

EX'TRI-€a-TLNG, ppr. Disentangling ; disembarrassing ; 
evolving. 

EX-TRI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of disentangling ; a freeing 
from perplexities ; disentanglement. 2. The act of send- 
ing out or evolving. 

EX-TBIN'SKJ, ) a. [L. extrinsecus.] External ; outward : 

EX-TRIX'81-G-AL, > not contained in or belonging to a 
body ; extraneous ; foreign. 

EX-TRIN'SI€-AL-LY, adv. From without ; externally. 

EX-TROR'SAL, a. In botany, a term applied to any thing 
which is turned from the axis to which it appertains. 

fEX-TRUCT, v. t. [L. extructus.] To build; to construct 

1 EX-TRUC'TION, n. A building. 

EX-TRU€T'iVE, a. Forming into a structure.— Fulke. 

\ EX-TRUGT'OR, n. A builder; a fabricator; a contriver. 

EX-TRuDE', v. t. [L. extrudo.] 1. To thrust out ; to urge, 
force, or press out ; to expel. 2. To drive away ; to drive off. 



EX-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust out ; driven out ; expelled. 

EX-TRuDTNG, ppr. Thrusting out ; expelling. 

EX-TRu'SION (eks-tru'zhun), n. The act of thrusting or 
throwing out ; a driving out ; expulsion. 

EX-TL'BER-ANCE, In. [L. extuberans.] 1. In medicine, a 

EX-Tu'BER-AN-CY, j swelling or rising of the flesh ; a 
protube? ant part. 2. A knob or swelling part of a body. 

EX-Tu'BER-ANT, a. Swelled ; standing out. 

t EX-Tu'BER-aTE, v. i. [L. exlubero.] To swell. 

EX-TU-MES'CENCE, n. [L. extumcscens.] A swelling or 
i ting. [Little used.] 

EX U'BER-ANCE, )w. [L. exuberans.] 1. An overflowing 

EX U'BER,-AN-CY, > quantity ; richness, as of imagination. 
* Superfluous abundance ; luxuriance. 3. Overgrowth ; 
s iperfluous shoots, as of trees. — Syn. Abundance; excess ; 
r idundance; copiousness; plenty; plenitude; superabund- 
a ice ; superfluity ; overflow ; rankness ; wantonness. 

EX U'BER-ANT, a. 1. Abundant; plenteous; plentiful; rich. 
2 Over-abundant ; superfluous ; luxuriant. 3. Pouring 
fi rth abundance ; producing in plenty. 

EX U'BER-ANT-LY, adv. Abundantly ; very copiously ; in 
e eat plenty ; to a superfluous degree. 

EX U'BER-aTE, v. i. [L. exubero.] To abound ; to be in 
g 'eat abundance. [Little used.] 

EX UC'COUS, a. Without juice. See Exsuccous. 

EX U-Da'TION, n. [L. exudo.] 1. A sweating; a discharg« 
c« humors or moisture from animal bodies. 2. The dis- 
c large of the juice3 of a plant, moisture from the earth. 
do. 

EX UDE', v. t. To discharge the moisture or juices of a liv- 
h g body through the pores ; also, to discharge the liquid 
n alter of a plant by incisions. [Exu'date is not now used.] 

EX LDE', v. i. To flow from a living body through the 
v ii<?s, or by a natural discharge, as juice. 

EX £ D'ED. pp. Emitted, as juice. 

EX t DING. ppr. Discharging, as juice. 

EX l L'CER-aTE, v. t. [L. exulcero.] 1. To cause an ulcer. 
2 iO afflict; to corrode ; to fret or anger. — Milton. 

EX ['L'CER-aTE, v. i. To become an ulcer, or ulcerous. 

EX I. L'CER-ATE, a. Wounded; vexed; enraged.— Bromn 

EX J. L'CER-A-TED, pp. Affected with ulcers. 

EX I. L'CER-A-TING, ppr. Producing ulcers on ; fretang 
l!ei:oming ulcerous. 

E3 -UL-CER-a'TION, n. L The act of causing ulcers on a 
body, or the process of becoming ulcerous ; the beginning 
ai jsion which wears away the "substance, and forms an 
u-^er. 2. A fretting ; exacerbation ; corrosion. 

E N'-UL'CER-A-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to form ulcers 

E X ULT (egz-ultf), v. i. [L. exulto.] To rejoice in triumph . 
\j) rejoice exceedingly at success or victory; to be glad 
. oove measure ; to triumph. 

\ a X-ULT'ANCE, ) „ .. . __ 

rtX-ULTAN-CY \ -Exultation.— Hammond. 

KX-ULT'ANT, a. Rejoicing triumphantly.— M ore. 

>> X-ULT-a'TION, n. The act of exulting ; lively joy at suc- 
cess or victory, or at any advantage gained ; great glad- 
ness , rapturous delight ; triumph"; transport ; rapture ; 
ecstasy. 

EX-ULTING, ppr. or a. Rejoicing greatly or in. triumph. 

EX-ULTTNG-L Y, adv. In an exulting manner. 

t EX-UN'DaTE, v. i. To overflow. 

EX-UN-Dl'TION, n. [L. exundatiol] 
ance. — Ray. [Little used.] 

EX-UN"GU-LaTE, v. t. [L. ex and ungula.] 
perffuous parts, or nails. 

EX-UN"GU-La-TED, pp. Deprived of nails, &c. 

EX-UN"GU-La-TL\G, ppr. Paring off, as nails, &c. 

EX-U'PER-A-BLE, a. That may be overcome or surpassed 

EX-U'PER-AXCE, n. Overbalance. 

EX-U'PER-ANT, a. Overcoming. 

t EX-U'PER-aTE, v. t. To excel ; to surmount 

EX-U'PER-a-TED, pv. Conquered; excelled. 

EX-UTER-I-TING, ppr. Excelling. 

EX-U-PER-a'TION, n. The act of excelling. 

t EX-UR'GENT, a. [ior exsurgent.] Arising 

f EX-US'CI-Ta*TE, v. t. [L. exsuscito.] To st 

t EX-UST, v. t. [L. exustus.] To barn 

EX-US'TION (eks-usfyun), n. [L. exustus.] The act or op 
eration of burning up. 

EX-U'VI-A-BLE, a. Capable of being cast or thrown off in 
the form of exuviae. 

EX-U'VI-^:, n. pi [L.] 1. Cast skins, shells, or coverings 
of animals. — 2. In geology, the fossil shells and other re- 
mains which animals have left in the strata of the earth.— 
Lyell 

EXVO'TO, n. [L.] In consequence of a vow; applied to 
votive offerings, as of a picture, a chapel, &c. 

EY, in old writers, Sax. ig, signifies an isle. 

EY'AS, n. [Fr. niais] A young hawk just taken from the 
nest, not able to prey for itself. — Shalt. 

tEy'AS, a. Unfledged. — Spenser. 

EY'AS-MUS'KET, u. A young unfledged male hawk, of the 
musket kind, or sparrow-hawk. — Shalt. 



An overflowing abund 
To pare off su 



stir up ; to rouse 
-Cockiram. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € 
Bb 



K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tki 



F 



386 



FAC 



E¥E £), »• [ Sax - ea <?> e ^-J !• The organ of sight or vision ; 
properly, the globe or ball movable in the orbit. 2. Sight ; 
view ; ocular knowledge ; as, before one's eyes. 3. Look ; 
countenance. 4. Front ; face. 5. Direct opposition. 6. 
Aspect; regard; respect; view. 7. Notice; observation; 
vigilance ; watch. 8. View of the mind ; opinion formed 
by observation or contemplation. 9. Sight ; view, either 
in a literal or figurative sense. 10. Something resembling 
the eye in form. 11. A small hole or aperture ; a perfo- 
ration. 12. A small catch for a hook ; as we say, hooks 
and eyes ■ also, a loop or -ring for fastening the rigging of 
ships. 13. The bud of a plant; a shoot 14. A small 
shade of color ; [little used!] 15. The power of percep- 
tion. 16. Oversight ; inspection. — The eyes of a ship, are 
the parts which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly, in 
the lower apartments. — To set the eyes on, is to see ; to have 
a sight of. — To find favor in the eyes, is to be graciously re- 
ceived and treated. 

EYE, n. A brood ; as, an eye of pheasants. 

EYE, v. t. To fix the eye on ; to look on ; to view; to ob- 
serve ; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly. 

Ef E, v. i. To appear ; to have an appearance. — Shak. 

Ef E'-AT-TRA€T'ING, a. Attracting the eyes. 

EyE'-BeAM, n. A glance of the eye.— Shak. 

EyE'-BoLT, n. In ships, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye 
at one end, formed to be driven into the deck or sides, the 
eve being left out, to hook tackles or fasten ropes to. 

EyE'-BRiGHT, n. A beautiful little plant of the genus eu- 
phrasia, formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of 
the eye. 

EyE'-BRiGHT-.EN-ING, n. A clearing of the sight. 

EyE'-DROP, n. A tear.— Skak. 

Ef E'-FLAP, n. A blinder on a horse's bridle. 

EyE'-GLaNCE, n. A glance of the eye ; a rapid look. 

EyE'-GLaSS, n. A glass to assist the sight ; spectacles. — In 
a telescope, the same as eye-piece, which see. 

\ EYE'-GLUT-TING, n. A feasting of the eyes.— ^eraser. 

Ef E'-OF-FENDTNG, a. That hurts the eyes.— Shak. 

EyE'-PIeCE, n. In a telescope, the lens or combination of 
lenses with which the image is viewed and magnified. 

EyE'-PLeAS-ING, a. Pleasing the eye.—Davies. 

EyE'-SaLVE (l'-sav), n. Ointment for the eye. 

EyE'-SER-VANT, ii. A servant who attends to hi3 duty 
only when watched. 

Ef E'-SER-ViCE, n. Service performed only under inspec- 
tion or the eye of an employer. 

Ef E'-SPLlCE, n. In seamen's language, a sort of eye or 
circle, formed by splicing the end of a rope into itself. 

EfE'-SPOT-TED, a. Marked with spots like eyes.— 
Spenser._ 

Ef E'-SToNE, n. A small calcareous stone, used for taking 
substances from between the lid and ball of the eye. 

Ef E'-STRING, n. The tendon by which the eye is moved. 

EyE'-TOOTH, n. A tooth under the eye ■ a pointed tooth 
in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine 
tooth ; a fang. 

EfE'-WA-TER, n. A medicated water for the eyes. 

Ef E'-WINK, n. A wink, or motion of the eyelid. 

Ef E'-WIT-NESS, n. One who sees a thing done ; one who 
has ocular view of any thing. 

Ef E'BALL, n. The ball, globe, or apple of the eye. 

Ef E'BROW, n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. 

EyET> (ide), pp. 1. Viewed ; observed ; watched. 2. a. 
Having eyes ; [used in composition.] 

EyE'LASH, n. The line of hair that edges the eyelid. 

Ef E'LESS, a. Wanting eyes ; destitute of sight. 

EYE'LET, ) n. [Fr. ceillei.] A small hole or perfora- 

EyE'LET-HoLE, > tion, to receive a lace or small rope of 
^ord. 

EyE'LI-AD, n. [Fr. azillade.] A glance of the eye.— Shak. 

EYE'LID, n. The cover of the eye ; that portion of mova- 
ble skin with which an animal covers the eyeball, or un- 
covers it, at pleasure. 

Ey'ER, n. One who eyes another. — Gayton. 

Ef E'SHOT, n. Sight; view; glance of the eye.— Dryden. 

EyE'STGHT (i'site), n. 1. The sight of the eye ; view ; ob- 
servation. 2. The sense of seeing. 

EyE'SoRE, n. Something offensive to the eye or sight 

EY'ING (i'ing), ppr. Viewing; watching; observing. 

Ef'OT, n. A little isle.— Blackstone. 

EYRE (are), n. [Old Fr.] 1. Literally, a journey or circuit. 
— In England, the justices in eyre were itinerant judges, 
who rode the circuit to hold courts in the different coun- 
ties. 2. A court of itinerant justices. 

* EY'RY (a're), n. The place where birds of prey construct 
their nests and hatch. It is written, also, eyrie. See Aerie. 



F. 



I the sixth letter of the English alphabet, is a labial ar- 
9 ticulation, formed by placing the upper teeth on the 



under Up, and accompanied with an emission of breatffl. 
F, in English, has one uniform sound, as in father, after. 
Its kindred letter is v, which is chiefly distinguished from 
/ by being more vocal, or accompanied with more sound, 
as may be perceived by pronouncing ef, ev. F stands for 
fellow; F. R. S., Fellow of the Royal Society. 

F or Fa, in music, is the fourth note rising in this order in 
the_gamut, do, [or ut,] re, mi, fa. 

FA-Ba'CEOUS, a. [Low L. fabaceus.] Having the nature 
of a bean ; like a bean. [Little used.] 

Fa'BI-AN, a. Delaying; dilatory; avoiding battle, in imita 
tion of Fabius Maximus, a famous Roman general. 

Fa'BLE, n. [L. fabula ; Fr. fable.] 1. A feigned story or 
tale, intended to instruct or amuse ; a fictitious narration 
intended to enforce some useful truth or precept ; an apo- 
logue. 2. Fiction ; [in a general sense.] 3. An idle story ; 
vicious or vulgar fictions. — 1 Tim. iv., 7. 4. The plot, or 
connected series of events, in an epic or dramatic poem. — 
Drt/den. 5. Falsehood ; a softer term for a lie. 

Fa'BLE, v. i. 1. To feign ; to write fiction. 2. To tell 
falsehoods. 

Fa'BLE, v. t. To feign ; to invent ; to devise and speak of 
as true or real. 

Fa'BL ED, pp. 1. Feigned ; invented, as stories. 2. a. Told 
or celebrated in fables. — Ticket. 

Fa'BLER, n. A writer of fables or fictions; a dealer in 
feigned stories. — Johnson. 

Fa'BLING, ppr. or a. Feigning; devising, as stories; writ- 
ins; or uttering false stories. 

Fa'BLING, n. The act of making fables.— Story. 

* FAB'RIC, n. [L. fabrica.] 1. The structure of any thing , 
the manner in which the parts of a thing are united by 
art and labor ; workmanship ; texture. 2. The frame or 
structure of a building; construction ; the building itself; 
an edifice ; a house ; a temple ; a church ; a bridge, &c. 
3. Any system composed of connected parts ; as, the fab- 
ric of society. — Erskine. 4. Cloth manufactured ; as, wool- 
en fabrics. 

* FAB'RIC, v. t. To frame ; to build ; to construct. [Littte 
used.] 

FAB'RI€-aTE, v. t. [L. fabrico.] 1. To form a whole by 
connecting its parts ; as, to fabricate a building. 2. To 
form by art and labor, as cloth. 3. To form or deviss 
falsely, as a story or lie. 4. To coin; [unusual.] — Syn 
To frame; build; construct; make; manufacture; forge; 
invent ; _feign. 

FAB'RI€-A-TED, pp. Framed; constructed; built; manu 
factured ; invented ; devised falsely ; forged. 

FAB'RLG-A-TING, ppr. Framing ; constructing ; manufac 
turing ; devising falsely ; forging. 

FAB-RIC-a'TION. n. 1. The act of framing or construct 
ing ; construction. 2. The act of manufacturing. 3. The 
act of devising falsely ; forgery. 4. That which is fabric- 
ated ; a falsehood ; a fiction. 

FAB'RI€-I-TOR, n. One who constructs or makes. 

\ FAB'RlLE, a. [L. fabrilis.] Pertaining to handicrafts. 

FABTJ-LIST, n. The inventor or writer of fables. 

FAB'U-LiZE, v. t. To invent, compose, or relate fables. 

FABTJ-LIZ.ED, pp. Related in fable. 

FAB'U-LlZ-ING,£>pr. Composing or relating in fable. 

FAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Fabulousness ; fullness of fables. 
[Rare.] 

FAB'tT-LOUS, a. 1. Feigned, as a story ; devised ; fictitious. 
2. Related in fable ; described or celebrated in fables ; in 
vented; not real 3. The fabulous age of Greece and 
Borne was the edriy age of those countries. 

FAB'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a fabuloiis manner. 

FAB'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fabulous. 

FAB'UR-DEN, n. [Fr. fauxbourdon.] In music, simple cout 

terpoint. 
*FA-CaDE' (fa-sa.de'), n. [Fr.] Front; front view or eleva 
tion of an edifice. — Warton. 

FICE, n. [Fr. face; It. faccia.] 1. In a general sense, tha 
surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the 
view of a spectator. 2. A surface of a thing ; [a term ap- 
plied to the boun ding planes ;] the plane surfaces of a sol- 
id. 3 The surface of the fore part of an animal s head, 
particularly, of the Imman head ; the visage. 4. Counte- 
nance ; cast of features ; look ; air of the face. 5. The 
front of a thing ; the fore part ; the flat surface that pre 
sents itself first to view. — Ezek., xli., 14. 6. Visible state 
appearance ; as, the face of affairs. 7. Appearance ; look , 
as, a face of probability. 8. State of confrontation. 9. 
Confidence ; boldness ; impudence ; a bold front ; as, t* 
have the face to do a thing. 10. Presence ; sight ; as, be- 
fore one's face. 11. The person. — 12. m, Scripture, face is 
used for anger or favor; as, to seek one's face. — To ac- 
cept one's face, is to show him favor or grant his request 
— To set the face against, is to oppose. 13. A distorted 
form of the face ; as, to make faces at one. — Face to face, 
in immediate presence ; as, they met face to face, to see 
face to face. 

FICE, v. t. 1. To meet in front; to oppose with firmness, 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.- S, e, I, Sec., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



FAC 



387 



F.EC 



to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or op- 
posing ; to confront. 2. To stand opposite to ; to stand 
with the face or front toward. 3. To cover with addition- 
al superficies ; to cover in front ; as, to face a building 
with stone. — To face down, to oppose boldly or impudently. 

F1CE, v. i. 1. To carry a false appearance ; to .play the 
hypocrite. 2. To turn the face. 

FaCE'-CLOTH, n. A cloth laid over the face of a corpse. 
Brande. 

FICE'-GUXRD, n. A kind of mask to defend the face and 
eyes from accidents, as in various chemical and mechan- 
ical processes. — Htbert. 

FaCE'-PaINT-ER, n. A painter of portraits ; one who 
draws the likeness of the face. 

FaCE'-PIINT-ING, n. The act or art of painting portraits. 

FaCED (faste), pp. 1. Covered in front. — 2. a. In composi- 

. tion, denoting the kind of face, as full-faced. — Bailey. 

FaCE'LESS, a. Without a face. 

FACET, n. [Ft. facette.] A little face ; a small surface ; as, 
the facets of a diamond. 

fFA-CETE', a. [L.facetus.] Gay; cheerful.— Burton. 

FACET-ED, a. Having facets. 

tFA-CETE'NESS, n. Wit; pleasant representation. 

tFA-CETE'LY, adv. Sportively; with good humor. — Burton. 

FA-Ce'TI-M (fa-se'she-e), n.pl. [L.] "Witticisms. 

FA-CE'TIOUS (fa-se'shus), a. [Ft. facetieux.] 1. Abounding 
with wit and good humor. 2. Full of pleasantry ; exciting 
laughter; [applied to persons or things.] — Syn. Witty ; 
jocular ; jocose ; merry ; sprightly ; sportive ; playful ; 
lively; gay; cheerful. 

FA-Ce'TIOUS-LY, adv. Merrily ; gayly ; wittily ; with 
pleasantry. 

FA-CE'TIOUS-NESS, n. Sportive humor ; pleasantry; the 
quality of exciting laughter or good humor. 

FA'CIAL (fa'shal), a. [L. fades.] Pertaining to the face ; as, 
the facial artery, vein, or nerve. — Facial angle, in anato- 
my, is the angle formed at the nostrils by drawing two 
lines, one to the forehead and the other to the opening of 
the ear. It serves to measure the elevation of the fore- 
head. 

Fa'CIAL-LY, adv. In a facial manner. 

f Fa'CIENT (-shent), n. A doer ; one who does any thing, 
good or bad. 

FACILE (fas'il), a. [Ft. facile.] 1. Properly, easy to be 
done or performed ; easy ; not difficult ; performable or 
attainable with little labor. 2. Easy to be surmounted or 
removed; easily conquerable. — Milton. 3. Easy of ac- 
cess or converse ; mild ; courteous : not haughty, austere, 
or distant. — Ben Jonson. 4. Pliant; flexible; easily per- 
suaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault. — 
Milton. 

} FAClLE-LY, adv. Easily.— Herbert. 

FACILE-NE8S, n. Easiness to be persuaded. 

FA-CIL'I-TaTE, v. t. [Ft. faciliter.] To make easy or less 
difficult ; to free from difficulty or impediment, or to di- 
minish it ; to lessen the labor of. 

FA-CIL'I-Ta-TED, pp. Made easy or easier. 

FA-CIL'I-Ta-TING. ppr. Rendering easy or easier. 

FA-CIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of making easy. 

FA-CILTTIES (fa-sil'e-tiz), n.pl. The means by which any 
thing is rendered easy ; convenient advantages or oppor- 
tunities. 

FA-CIL'I-TY ; n. [Ft. facilite ; ~L.faci.Utas.] 1. Easiness to 
be performed ; freedom from difficulty ; ease. 2. Ease 
of performance ; readiness proceeding from skill or use ; 
dexterity. 3. Pliancy ; ductility ; easiness to be persuad- 
ed ; readiness of compliance ; [usually in a bad sense.] 4. 
Easiness of access ; complaisance ; condescension ; affa- 
bility.— South. 

FAC-I-NeHI-OUS. See Facinorgtts. 

Fa'CING, ppr. 1. Fronting ; having the face toward ; op- 
posite. 2. Covering the fore part." 3. Turning the face. 

Fa'CING, n. A covering in front for ornament or defense. 

FI'CING-LY, adv. In front ; in the way of facing. 

FA-CIN'O-ROUS, a. [L.f acinus.] Atrociously wicked. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

FA-CIN'O-ROUS-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness. 

FA€-SIM'I-LE, n. [L. facio and similis.] An exact copy or 
likeness, as of handwriting. 

FACT, n. [L. factum.] 1. Any thing done, or that comes to 
pass ; an effect produced or achieved. 2. Reality ; truth ; 
verity ; as, in/ac£. — Syn. Act ; deed ; performance ; event ; 
incident ; occurrence ; circumstance. 

FACTION, n. [Ft.] 1. A party, in political society, com- 
bined or acting in union, in opposition to the prince, gov- 
ernment, or state ; a junto. 2. Tumult ; discord ; dissen- 
sion. — 3. In ancient history, an appellation given to the dif- 
ferent troops or companies of combatants in the games of 
the circus. — Brande. 

FACTION-A-RY, n. A party man : one of a faction. [Rare.] 

f FACTION-ER, n. One of a faction.— Bisk op Bancroft. 

FACTION-IST. n. One who promotes faction. 

FACTIOUS (fak'shus), a. [Ft. factieux ; L. f actio sus.] 1. 



Given to faction , addicted to form parties and raise di» 
sensions in opposition to government ; turbulent ; prone 
to clamor against public measures or men. 2. Pertaining 
to faction ; proceeding from faction. 

FACTIOUS-LY, adv. In a factious manner ; by means of 
faction ; in a turbulent or disorderly manner. 

FACTIOUS-NESS, n. Inclination to form parties in oppo- 
sition to the government or to the public interest ; dispo- 
sition to clamor and raise opposition ; clamorousness for 
a party. 

FACTITIOUS (fak-tish'us), a. [L.factitius.] Made by art, 
in distinction from what is produced by nature ; artifi- 
cial. 

FAC-TFTIOUS-LY, adv. In a factitious or unnatural man 
ner. 

f F ACTIVE, a. Making ; having power to make. 

FACTOR, n. [L. factor.] 1. In commerce, an agent employ- 
ed by merchants, residing in other places, to "buy and sell, 
and to transact business on their account. 2. An agent ; 
a substitute. — Factor, in Scotland, is synonymous with 
steward in England. Brande. — 3. In arithmetic and alge- 
bra, a term applied to the multiplier and multiplicand, 
from the multiplication of which proceeds the product 

FACTOR-AGE, n. The allowance given to a factor by his 
employer, as a compensation for his services ; called, also, 
a commission. 

FACTo'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a factoiy ; consisting in a 
factory. 

FACTOR-SHIP, n. A factory ; the business of a factor. 

FACTO-RY, n. 1. A house or place where factors reside, 
to transact business for their employers. 2. The body of 
factors in any place. 3. Contracted from manvfactory, a 
building or collection of buildings, appropriated to the 
manufacture of goods. 

FAC-To'TUM, n. [L.] A person employed to do all lands 
of work. — Ben Jonson. 

FACTURE, n. [Ft.] The art or the manner of making. 

FACUL-TY, n. [Ft. faculte ; L.facultas.] 1. That power of 
the mind or intellect which enables it to receive, revive, 
or modify perceptions. 2. The power of doing any thing , 
ability. 3. The power of performing any action, natural, 
vital, or animal. 4. Facility of performance ; the pecu- 
liar skill derived from practice, or practice aided by na- 
ture ; habitual skill or ability. 5. Personal quality ; dis- 
position or habit, good or ill. — Shak. 6. Power ; authori- 
ty. — Shak. 7. Mechanical power; [not used.] 8. Natural 
virtue ; efficacy ; [not used.] 9. Privilege ; a right or pow- 
er granted to a person. 10. The indmduals constituting a 
scientific profession, or a branch of one, taken collective- 
ly ; particularly, the medical profession. — 11. In colleges, 
the masters and professors of the several sciences ; one of 
the members or departments of a university. — In America, 
the faculty of a college or university consists of the presi- 
dent, professors, and tutors.- — 'The faculty of advocates, in 
Scotland, is a respectable body of lawyers who plead in 
all causes before the courts of session, justiciary, and ex- 
chequer. Their president is styled dean of the faculty. — 
Syn. Talent ; gift ; endowment ; dexterity ; adroitness ; 

*FACUND, a. [L. facundus.] Eloquent. 

FA-CUND'I-OUS, a. Eloquent ; full of words. 

FA-CUND1-TY, n. [L. facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness 
of speech. 

FAD'DLE, v. i. To trifle ; to toy ; to play. [A low word.] 

t FaDE, a. [Ft.] Weak ; slight ; faint.— Berkeley. 

FaDE, v. i. [Ft. fade.] 1. To lose color ; to tend from a 
stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of the 
same color, or to lose a color entirely. 2. To wither, as a 
plant ; to decay. 3. To lose strength gradually ; to van- 
ish ; as, ideas fade. 4. To lose lustre ; to grow dim, as the 
stars. 5. To decay ; to perish gradually ; to waste. 6. To 
decay ; to decline ; to become poor and miserable. 
James, l, 11. 7. To lose strength, health, or rigor ; to u 
cline; to grow weaker. 8. To disappear gradually; u. 
vanish. 

FaDE, v. t. To cause to wither ; to wear away ; to deprive 
of freshness or rigor. 

FID'ED, pp. or a. Become less vivid, as color ; withered ; 
decayed; vanished. 

FIDE'LESS, a. Unfading.— Coleridge. 

FADgE (fai). v. i. [fiax.fcegcn, gcfegen.] 1. To suit ; to fit; 
to come close, as the parts of things united ; to have one 
part consistent with another. 2. To agree ; to live in am 
ity. 3. To succeed ; to hit. [A vulgar word.] 

FID'ING, ppr. 1. Losing color ; becoming less vivid ; de- 
caying ; declining ; withering. 2. a. Subject to decay ; 
liable to lose freshness and vigor ; liable to perish ; not 
diirable ; transient. 

FID'ING, n. Decay ; loss of color, freshness, or vigor. 

FaD'ING-LY, adv. In a fading manner. 

FaD'ING-NESS, n. Decay; liableness to decay. 

FaD'Y, a. Wearing away ; losing color or strength. 

FjE'GAL. See Fecal. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



FAI 



388 



FAI 



F<E'CeS, n. pi. [L.] Excrement; also, settlings; sediment 
after infusion or distillation. — Qiiincy. 

Fa'ER-Y, a. or n. Fairy, which see. 

FAFF. See Fuff. 

\ FAF'FEL, v. i. To stammer. — Barret. 

FAG, v. t. To beat ; to compel to drudge. [ Colloquial.] 

FAG, n, A laborious drudge ; a school-boy who acts as a 
drudge for another. — Edgeworth. [Colloquial] 

F AG, v. i. [Scot, faik.] To drudge ; to labor to weariness ; 
to become weary. [Colloquial] 

t FAG, n. A knot or coarse part in cloth. 

FAG'-END', n. 1. The end of a web of cloth, generally of 
coarser materials. 2. The refuse or meaner part of any 
thing. — 3. Among seamen, the untwisted end of a rope ; 
hence, to he fagged or fagged out, is to become untwisted 
and loose. 

FAG'GING, n. Laborious drudgery ; the acting as drudge 
for another at an English school. 

FAG'OT, n. [W.fagod.] 1. A bundle of sticks, twigs, or 
small branches of trees, used for fuel, or for raising bat- 
teries, filling ditches, and other purposes in fortification. 
2. A bundle of pieces of iron for re-manufacture. 3. A 
person hired to appear at musters in a company not full, 
and hide the deficiency. 

FAG'OT, v. t. To tie together ; to bind in a bundle ; to col- 
lect promiscuously. — Dryden. 

FAG'OT-ED, pp. Bound together ; tied in bundles. 

FAG'OT-ING, ppr. Binding together. 

FaH'LERZ, n. Gray copper, or gray copper ore. 

FXH'LUN-lTE, ft. [from Falilun.] A mineral occurring in 
opaque, brownish-green, six-sided prisms, transversely fo- 
liated. It has nearly the composition of iolite. 

FaI-ENCE (fa-yans'), n. [from Faenza, the original place 
of manufacture.] In the fine arts, imitation porcelain ; a 
kind of fine pottery, embellished with painted designs. — 
Brande. Encyc. Am. 

FaIL, v.i. [Fr.faillir.] 1. To become deficient; to be in- 
sufficient ; to cease to be abundant for supply ; or to be 
entirely wanting. 2. To decay ; to decline ; to sink ; to 
be diminished ; as, one's strength fails. 3. To decline; to 
decay ; to sink ; to become weaker ; as, a sick man fails. 
4. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be entirely wanting ; to be 
no longer produced. 5. To be entirely exhausted ; to be 
• wanting ; to cease from supply. 6. To cease ; to perish ; 
to be lost. 7. To die. — Is., xxxi., 3. 8. To decay ; to de- 
cline, as sight. 9. To become deficient or wanting. 10. 
To miss ; not to produce the effect, as an experiment or 
attempt. 11. To be deficient in duty ; to omit or neglect. 
1 2. To miss ; to miscarry ; to be frustrated or disappoint- 
ed. 13. To be neglected ; to fall short ; not to be exe- 
cuted, as a promise. 14. To become insolvent or bankrupt. 

FaIL, v. t. 1. To desert ; to disappoint ; to cease or to neg- 
lect or omit to afford aid, supply, or strength. 2. To omit ; 
■ not to perform. 3. To be wanting to. 

FaIL, n. 1. Omission ; non-performance. 2. Miscarriage ; 
failure ; deficience ; want ; death ; [little used.] 

I FIIL'ANCE, n. Fault ; failure. 

FaIL-ED, pret. and pp. of fail Become deficient ; ceased. 

FaIL'ER. See Failure. 

FaILTNG, ppr. or a. Becoming deficient or insufficient ; 
becoming weaker ; decaying ; declining ; omitting ■ not ex- 
ecuting or performing; miscarrying; neglecting; want- 
ing ; becoming bankrupt or insolvent. 

FaIL'ING, n. 1. The act of failing; a fault of ignorance or 
carelessness. 2. The act of failing or becoming insolvent. 
— Syn. Imperfection ; defect ; deficiency ; weakness ; foi- 
ble ; failure ; miscarriage ; misfortune. 

FaIL'ING-LY, adv. By failing. 

FilL'tlRE (fail'yur), n. 1. A failing ; deficience ; cessation 
of supply, or total defect. 2. Omission ; non-perform- 
ance, as of a promise. 3. Decay, or defect from decay, 
as of sight. 4. A breaking, or becoming insolvent 5. A 
failing; a slight fault ; [little used.] 

FUN, a. [Sax. fagen, fcegan.] Glad; pleased; rejoiced. 

FUN, adv. Gladly ; with joy or pleasure. 

f FaIN, v. i. To wish or desire. 

FaINTNG, ppr. or a. Wishing ; desiring fondly. — Spenser. 

FaINT, a. [Ir. faint.] 1. Enfeebled so as to be inclined to 
swoon. 2. Enfeebled with exhaustion ; as, faint with ex- 
ertion. 3. Not bright or vivid ; not strong, as color. 4. 
Not loud, as sound. 5. Not striking, as a resemblance. 6. 
Cowardly; timorous; as, a faint heart. 7. Not vigorous; 
not active, as an exertion. 8. Dejected ; depressed ; dis- 
pirited ; as, faint of heart. — Svn. Weak ; languid ; low ; 
feeble ; exhausted ; spiritless. 
FaINT, v. i. 1. To lose the animal functions ; to lose strength 
and color, and become senseless and motionless ; to swoon. 
2 To become feeble; to decline or fall in strength and vig- 
or ; to be weak. 3. To sink into dejection ; to lose cour- 
age or spirit. 4. To decay ; to disappear ; to vanish ; as, 
"gilded clouds, while we gaze on them, faint before the 
eye." — Pope. 
FaINT, v. t. To deject ; to depress ; to weaken. [Rart.] 



Fa.INT-HEa.RTED, a. Cowardly ; timorous ; dejected 
easily depressed, or yielding to fear. 

FaINT-HEaRT'ED-LY, adv. In a cowardly manner. 

FaINT-HEaRT'ED-NESS, ft. Cowardice ; timorousness 
want of courage. 

FAINTING, ppr. or a. Falling into a swoon ; failing; losing 
strength or courage ; becoming feeble or timid. 

FIINTlNG, n. A temporary loss of strength, color, and 
respiration ; syncope ; deliquium ; leipothymy ; a swoon. 

FaINT'ISH, a. Slightly faint. 

FIINT'ISH-NESS, ft. A slight degree of faintness. 

t FIINTLING, a. Timorous ; feeble-minded. 

FaINTLY, adv. 1. In a feeble, languid manner ; without 
vigor or activity. 2. With a feeble flame. 3. With a 
feeble light. 4. With little force. 5. Without force of 
representation ; imperfectly. 6. In a low tone ; with a 
feeble voice. 7. Without spirit our courage ; timorously. 
— Denham. 

FIINTNESS, ft. 1. The state of being faint; loss of strength, 
color, and respiration. 2. Feebleness; languor ; want of 
strength. 3. Inactivity ; w ant of vigor. 4. Feebleness, as 
of color or light. 5. Feebleness of representation. 6. Fee- 
bleness of mind ; timorousness ; dejection ; irresolution. 
— Lev., xxvi., 36. 

FIINTS, ft. pi An impure spirit, containing a fetid, essen- 
tial oil, which comes over at the commencement and close 
of distillation. — lire. 

FIINTY, a. Weak ; feeble ; languid. — Dryden. 

FUR, a. [Sax. fceger.] 1. Clear ; free from spots ; free 
from a dark hue ; white ; as, a fair complexion. 2. Beau- 
tiful ; handsome ; properly, having a handsome face ; as, a 
fair lady. 3. Pleasing to the eye ; handsome or beautiful, 
in general . 4. Clear ; pure ; free from feculence or ex- 
traneous matter, as water. 5. Clear ; not cloudy or ovex*- 
cast. 6. Favorable ; prosperous ; blowing in a direction 
toward the place of destination. 7. Open ; direct, as a way 
or passage ; as, in -a. fair way to succeed. 8. Open to at- 
tack or access ; unobstructed, as a mark. 9. Open ; frank ; 
honest ; hence, equal ; just ; equitable ; reasonable. 10 
Not effected by insidious or unlawful methods ; not foul. — 
Temple. 11. Frank ; candid ; not sophistical or insidious 
12. Honest ; honorable ; mild ; [opposed to insidious and 
compulsory.] 13. Frank; civil; pleasing; not harsh; as, 
fair words. 14. Equitable; just; merited. 15... Liberal; 
not narrow ; as, a fair support. 16. Plain ; legible ; as 
transcribed in a fair hand. 17. Free from stain or blem- 
ish ; unspotted ; untarnished. — 18. In mercantile use, mid 
dling ; medium; as, a fair demand, of a fair quality. 

FAIR, adv. 1. Openly; frankly; civilly; complaisantly. 2 
Candidly ; honestly ; equitably. 3. Happily ; successful 
ly. — Shalt. 4. On good terms. — To bid fair, is to be likely 
or to have a fair prospect. — Fair and square, just dealing ; 
honesty. 

FUR, n. 1. Elliptically, a fair woman ; a handsome female 
— The fair, the female sex.. 2. Fairness ; [obs.] 

F5.IR, ft. [Fr.foire; W.fair.] 1. A stated market in a par 
ticular town or city ; a stated meeting of buyers and sell 
ers for trade. 2. A meeting held by ladies for the sale o' 
fancy articles, &c, for charitable purposes: called, in En 
gland, fancy fair. 

FaIR'-HaIRM)', a. Having fair hair. 

FIIR'-HAND, a. Having a fair appearance. — Shak. 

FaIR'-SEEM-ING, a. Appearing fair. — Hemans. 

FIIR-SPOK-.EN (-spok'n), a. Using fair speech; bland, 
civil ; courteous ; plausible. 

FaIR'HOOD, ft. Fairness ; beauty.— Fox. 

FaIR'ING, n. A present given at a fair. — Gay. 

FaIR'ISH, a. Reasonably fair. — Cotgrave. 

FIIR'LY, adv. 1. Beautifully ; handsomely ; [little used.] 
2. Commodiously ; conveniently ; as, fairly situated. 3. 
Frankly ; honestly ; justly ; equitably ; without disguise 
or fraud. 4. Openly ; ingenuously ; plainly. 5. Candidly 
6. Without perversion or violence. 7. Without blots ; in 
plain letters ; plainly ; legibly. 8. Completely ; without 
deficience ; as, fairly worn out. 9. Softly ; gently. — Milton. 

FaIR'NESS, n. 1. Clearness ; freedom from spots or blem- 
ishes ; whiteness. 2. Clearness ; purity. 3. Freedom from 
stain or blemish ; as, fairness of reputation. 4. Beauty ; 
elegance. 5. Frankness ; candor ; hence, honesty ; ingen- 
uousness. 6. Openness ; candor ; freedom from disguise, 
insidiousness, or prevarication. 7. Equality of terms ; 
equity. 8. Distinctness ; freedom from blots or obscurity. 

FaIRY 1 , ft. [G. fee; Yv. fee, f eerie.] 1. A fay; an imaginary 
being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form, dance 
in meadows, steal infants, and play a variety of pranks. 
_2. An enchantress. 

FaIRY, a. 1. Belon^ng to fairies. 2. Given by fairies. 

FaIRY-LAND, ft. The imaginary land or abode of fairies. 

FaIR'Y-LiKE, a. Imitating the manner of fairies. — Shak. 

FaIRY-RINGS, ft, pi Circles in fields, vulgarly supposed to 
be caused by the dancing of fairies. One kind i3 about 
seven yards in diameter, surrounded by a bare path with 
green grass in the middle ; another kind, of different size, 



' Se? Vynovsis. A, f , I, <fcc., long.—l, % I, &c, short— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— M ARiiNE. BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



FAL 



389 



FAL 



Is encompassed with grass greener than that in the mid- 
dle. 

FIIR'Y-SToNE, n. A stone found in gravel pits ; echinite. 

FaITH, n. [W.fyz; Arm.feiz.] 1. Belief; the assent of 
the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, rest- 
ing on his authority and veracity, without other evidence. 

2. The assent of the mind to the truth of a proposition ad- 
vanced by another ; belief, on probable evidence. — 3. In 
theology, the assent of the mind or understanding to the 
truth of what God has revealed. — i. Evangelical justify- 
ing, or saving faith, is the assent of the mind to the truth 
of divine revelation, on the authority of God's testimony, 
accompanied with a cordial assent of the will, or approba- 
tion of the heart ; confidence or trust in God. 5. The ob- 
ject of belief ; a doctrine or system of doctrines believed ; 
a system of revealed truths received by Christians.— Gal., 
:., 23. 6. The promises of God, or his truth and faithful- 
ness. — Rom., hi., 3. 7. An open profession of gospel truth. 

6. A persuasion or belief of the lawfulness of things indif- 
ferent. — Rom., xiv., 22. 9. Faithfulness ; fidelity ; a strict 
adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises. — Milton. 
10. Word or honor pledged ; promise given ; fidelity. 11. 
Sincerity ; honesty ; veracity ; faithfulness ; as, to do a 
thing in good faith. 12. Credibility or truth ; [unusual] 

FaITH, exclam. A colloquial expression, meaning on my 
faith, in truth, verity. 

FaITH'-BReACH, n. Breach of fidelitv ; disloyalty; perfi- 
dy.— Shak. 

' FaITH£D (faitht), a. Honest ; sincere.— Shak. 

FaITH'FUL, a. I. Firm in adherence to the truth and to 
the duties of religion. 2. Firmly adhering to duty ; of true 
fidelity ; loyal ; true to allegiance. 3. Constant in the per- 
formance of duties or services ; exact in attending to com- 
mands ; trusty. 4. Observant of compacts, treaties, con- 
tracts, vows, or other engagements ; true to one's word. 
5. True ; exact ; in conformity to the letter and spirit ; as, 
a faithful observance of directions. 6. True to the mar- 
riage covenant. 7. Conformable to truth. 8. Constant ; 
not fickle, as a friend. 9. True ; worthy of belief. — 2 Tim., ii. 

FaITH'FUL-LY, adv. l. In a faithful manner; with good 
faith. 2. With strict adherence to allegiance and duty. 

3. With strict observance of promises, vows, covenants, 
or duties ; without failure of performance ; honestly : ex- 
actly. 4. Sincerely ; with strong assurances ; as, to prom- 
ise faithfully. 5. Honestly ; truly ; without defect, fraud, 
trick, or ambiguity ; as, to represent faithfully. 6. Confi- 
dents ; steadily. — Shak. 

FIITHFUL-NESS, n. 1. Fidelity ; loyalty ; firm adherence 
to allegiance and duty. 2. Truth ; veracity, as of God. 3. 
Strict adherence to injunctions, and to the duties of a sta- 
tion. 4. Strict performance of promises, vows, or cove- 
nants ; constancy in affection. 

FIITH'LESS, a. 1. Without belief in the revealed truths 
of religion; unbelieving. 2. Not believing; not giving 
credit to. 3. Not adhering to allegiance or duty ; disloy- 
al ; perfidious ; treacherous. 4. Not true to a master or 
employer ; neglectful ; unfaithful. 5. Not true to the 
marriage covenant ; false. 6. Not observant of promises. 

7. Deceptive. — Goldsmith. 
FIITH'LESS-LY, adv. In a faithless manner. 
FaITH'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Unbelief, as to revealed religion. 

2. Perfidy ; treachery ; disloyalty. 3. Violation of prom- 
ises or covenants ; inconstancy ; unfaithfulness. 

t FaI'ToUR, n. [Norm.] An evildoer ; a scoundrel ; a 
mean fellow. — Spenser. 

FaKE, n. [Scot faik.] One of the circles or windings of a 
_cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil ; a single turn or coil. 

Fa'KIR (fa/ker), ) n. A Mohammedan monk or hermit 

Fa-QUiR.' (fa-keer / ), } in India ; the same as dervise in Per- 
sia and Turkey. 

FAL-GXDE', n. [L.falx.] A horse is said to make afalcade 
when he throws himself on his haunches two or tbree 
times, as in very quick curvets ; that is, afalcade is a bend- 
ing very low. 

FAL'GaTE, ~ia. [L.falcatus.] Hooked ; bent like a sickle 

FAL'€a-TED, 5 or sythe ; an epithet applied to the new 
moon. 

FAL-€I'TION, n. Crookedness ; a bending in the form of 
a sickle. — Brown. 

* FAL'CHION (fawl'chun), n. [Fr./ iuchon.] A short, crook- 

ed sword ; a cimiter. 
FAL'CI-FORM, a. [L. falx and form.] In the shape of a 
sickle ; resembling a reaping-hook. 

* FAL'C ON (fawTm or fal'kon), n. [Fr. faucon.] 1. A hawk ; 

but appropriately, a hawk trained to sport, as in falconry. 
The female alone, which is much the strongest, was called 
a falcon, the male was called a tencel. Booth. — This term, 
in ornithology, is applied to a division of the genus falco. 
2. A small cannon. 
FAL'f ON-GEN'TIL, n. A falcon when full feathered and 
completely bred. — Booth. 

* FAL'€ON-ER, n. [Fr. fauconnicr.] A person who breeds 

and trains hawks for taking wild fowls. 



FAL'€0-NET. n. [Fr. falco nette.] A small cannon. 

* FAL'C ON-RY (fawk'n-ry or fal'kon-ry), n. [Fr.fauconnerie.) 

1. The art of training hawks to the exercise of hawking. 

2. The practice of taking wild fowls by means of hawks. 
FALD'A6E, n. [W. fold.} In England, a privilege which 

anciently several lords reserved to themselves of setting 
up folds for sheep, in any fields within their manors. 

FALD'FEE, n. A fee or composition paid anciently by ten- 
ants for the privilege of faldage. 

t FALD'ING, n. A kind of coarse cloth. — CJiaucer. 

FALD'IS-DO-RY, n. [Sax. fald and stow. —Ash.] The throne 
or seat of a bishop. [Not in use.] 

FALD'STOOL, n. A folding stool, or portable seat made to 
fold up in the manner of a camp stool. — Formerly, a fald- 
stool was placed in the choir for the bishop when he offi- 
ciated in any but his own cathedral church. — Gloss, of 
Architect. 

FA-LEB/NT-AN, a. Pertaining to Falernus, in Italy. As a 
noun, the wine made in that territory. 

FALL, v. i.; pret fell; -pp. fallen. [Sax. /eaZZan ; G. fallen.] 
i. To drop from a higher place ; to descend by the power 
of gravity alone. 2. To drop from an erect posture ; as, 
to fall at one's feet. 3. To disembogue ; to pass at the 
outlet ; to flow out of its channel into a pond, lake, or sea, 
as a river. 4. To depart from the faith, or from rectitude ; 
to apostatize. 5. To die, particularly, by violence. 6. To 
come to an end suddenly ; to vanish ; to perish. 7. To 
be degraded ; to sink into disrepute or disgrace ; to be 
plunged into misery. 8. To decline in power, wealth, or 
glory ; to sink into weakness ; to be given up, overthrown, 
or ruined. 9. To pass into a worse state than the former ; 
to come. 10. To sink ; to be lowered, as the tide. 11. 
To decrease ; to be diminished in weight or value ; as, 
prices fall. 12. To sink; not to amount to the full. 13. 
To be rejected ; to sink into disrepute. 14. To decline 
from violence to calmness, from intensity to remission, aa 
the wind. 15. To pass into a new state of body or mind ; 
to become ; as, to fall asleep, or in love. 16. To sink into 
an air of dejection, discontent, anger, sorrow, or shame ; 
[applied to the countenance or look.] 17. To happen ; to 
befall ; to come, as fortune. 18. To light on ; to come by 
chance. 19. To come ; to rush on ; to assail, as fear. 20. 
To come ; to arrive. 21. To come unexpectedly. 22. 
To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence ; to rush or 
hurry to. 23. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, 
distribution, inheritance, or otherwise, as possession or 
property. 24. To become the property of: to belong ar 
appertain to. 25. To be dropped or uttered carelessly. 
26. To sink ; to languish ; to become feeble or faint. 27. 
To be brought forth. — Mortimer. 23. To issue ; to ter- 
minate. 

To fall aboard of, in seamen's language, to strike against, as 
one vessel coming into collision with another. — To fall 
astern, in seamen's language, to move or be driven back- 
ward ; to recede. — To fall away. 1. To lose flesh ; to be- 
come lean or emaciated ; to pine. 2. To renounce or de- 
sert allegiance ; to revolt or rebel. 3. To renounce or 
desert the faith ; to apostatize ; to sink into wickedness. 
4. To perish ; to be ruined ; to be lost. — Addison. 5. To 
decline gradually ; to fade ; to languish, or become faint. 
Addison. — To fall back. 1. To recede ; to give way. 2. 
To fail of performing a promise or purpose ; not to fulfill. 
— To fall calm, to cease to blow ; to become calm. — To fall 
down. 1. To prostrate one's self in worship. 2. To sink ; 
to come to the ground. 3. To bend or bow as a suppliant. 
4. To sail or pass toward the mouth of a river, or other 
outlet. — To fall foul, to attack; to make an assault.— To 
fall from. 1. To recede from ; to depart ; not to adhere 
to, as an agreement 2. To depart from allegiance or 
duty ; to revolt— To fall in. 1. To concur ; to agree 
with. 2. To comply ; to yield to. 3. To come in ; to 
join ; to enter, as a procession. — To fall in with, to meet, 
as a ship ; also, to discover or come near, as land. — To 
fall off. 1. To withdraw ; to separate ; to be broken or 
detached, as friendship. 2. To perish ; to die away ; as, 
words fall off through disuse. 3. To apostatize ; to for- 
sake ; to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or 
duty. 4. To forsake ; to abandon ; to desert ; as, patrons 
fall off. 5. To drop ; as, apples fall off from the trees. 6. 
To depreciate ; to depart from former excellence ; to be- 
come less valuable or interesting, as a periodical. 7. In 
seamen's language, to head to the leeward of the point to 
which the head of the ship was before directed ; to fall to 
leeward. — To fall on. 1! To begin suddenly and eagerly. 
2. To begin an attack ; to assault ; to assail. 3. To~drop 
on; to descend on. — To fall out. 1. To quarrel ; to begin 
to contend. 2. To happen ; to befall ; to chance ; as, a 
quarrel fell out. — To fall over. 1. To revolt; to desert 
from one side to another. 2. To fall beyond. — To fail 
short, to be deficient ; to fail. — To fall to. 1. To begin 
hastily and eagerly. 2. To apply one's self to. — To fall 
under. 1. To come under, or within the limits of: to be 
subjected to. 2. To come under ; to become the subject 



DOVE -—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete, 



JAL 



390 



FAL 



of ; as, to fall under notice. 3. To come within , to be 
ranged or reckoned with ; as, to fall under this class. — 
To fall upon. 1. To attack. 2. To attempt ; as, to fall 
upon philosophical disquisitions. 3. To rush against. 

FALL, v. t. 1. To let fall ; to drop ; [obs.] 2. To sink ; to 
depress, as the voice. 3. To diminish ; to lessen or low- 
er ; [little used.] 4. To bring forth ; as, to fall lambs ; 
little used.] 5. To fell ; to cut down ; as, to fall a tree. 
[Provincial in England, and occasionally heard in America.] 

FALL, n. 1. The act of dropping or descending from a 
higher to a lower place by gravity ; descent. 2. The act 
of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture. 3. Death ; 
destruction ; overthrow. 4. Ruin ; destruction. 5. Down- 
fall ; degradation ; loss of greatness or office. 6. Declen- 
sion of greatness, power, or dominion ; ruin. 7. Diminu- 
tion ; decrease of price or value ; depreciation. 8. Decli- 
nation of sound ; a sinking of tone ; cadence. 9. Declivi- 
ty ; the descent of land or a hill ; a slope. — Bacon. 10. 
Descent of water ; a cascade ; a cataract ; a rush of water 
down a steep place. 11. The outlet or discharge of a river 
or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond. 

12. Extent of descent ; the distance which any thing falls. 

13. The fall of the leaf ; the season when leaves fall from 
trees ; autumn ; [provincial in England ; still used in 
America.] 14. That which falls ; a falling ; as, a fall of 
rain. 15. The act of felling or cutting down. 16. Fall, or 
the fall, by way of distinction, the apostasy ; the act cf our 
first parents in eating the forbidden fruit ; also, the apos- 
tasy of the rebellious angels. — 17. Formerly, a kind of vail. 
Ben Jonson. — 18. In seamen's language, that part of a 
tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting. — 19. In 
Great Britain, a term applied to several measures, linear, 
superficial, and solid. 

FAL-La'CIOUS (fal-la'shus), a. [Fr. fallacieux.) 1. Wearing 
a false appearance ; producing error or mistake ; as, fal- 
lacious reasoning. 2. Not well founded ; producing dis- 
appointment ; mocking expectation; as, fallacious prom- 
ises. — Syn. Deceptive ; deceiving ; misleading ; sophistic- 
al ; deceptious ; delusive ; elusory ; false ; illusive ; de- 
ceitful. 

FAL-La'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a fallacious manner ; deceit- 
fully ; sophistically ; with purpose or in a manner to de- 
ceive. 

FAL-La'CIOUS-NESS, n. Tendency to deceive or mis- 
lead ; inconclusiveness. 

FAL'LA-CY, n. [L. fallacia.] 1. Deceptive or false appear- 
ance ; deceitfulness ; that which misleads the eye or the 
mind. 2. Deception ; mistake. Shak. — 3. In logic, an ar- 
gument, or apparent argument, which professes to be de- 
cisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not. — 
Brande. 

tFAL'LAX, n. [L.] Cavillation. — Abp. Cranmer. 

FALL'jEN (fawl'n), pp. or a. Dropped ; descended ; degrad- 
ed ; decreased ; ruined. 

t FAL'LEN-CY, n. Mistake. 

FALL'ER, n. One who falls. 

FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, n. [It. fallibilita.] 1. Liableness to de- 
ceive ; the quality of being fallible ; uncertainty ; possi- 
bility of being erroneous. 2. Liableness to err or to be 
deceived in one's own judgment. 

FAL'LI-BLE, a. [It. faimile.] 1. Liable to fail or mistake ; 
that may err or be deceived in judgment. 2. Liable to 
error ; that may deceive ; as, fallible judgment. 

FAL'LI-BLY, adv. In a fallible manner. — Huloet. 

FALL'ING, ppr. or a. Descending ; dropping ; disembogu- 
ing ; apostatizing ; declining ; decreasing ; sinking ; com- 
ing. 

FALLING, }n, An indenting or hollow; opposed to 

FALLING IN, 5 rising or prominence. — Falling away, 
apostasy. — Falling off, departure from the line or course ; 
declension. — Falling down, prostration. — 2 Mac. 

FALL'ING-SICK'NESS, n. The epilepsy. 

FALL'ING-STiR, n. See Shooting-star. 

FALLTNG-SToNE, n. A stone falling from the atmosphere ; 
a meteorite ; an aerolite. 

FAL-Lo'PI-AN, a. [from Fallopius.] A term applied to two 
ducts arising from the womb, usually called tubes. 

FAL'LoW, a. [Sax. falewe.] 1. Pale red, or pale yellow ; 
as, a fallow deer. 2. Unsowed ; not tilled ; left to rest 
after a year or more of tillage. 3. Left unsowed after 
plowing. 4. Unplowed ; uncultivated. — Shak. 5. Unoc- 
cupied ; neglected ; [obs.] 

FAL'LoW, n. 1. Land that has lain a year or more untill- 
ed or unseeded. 2. The plowing or tilling of land, with- 
out sowing it, for a season. — A green fallow, in England, 
is that where land is rendered mellow and clean from 
weeds by some green crop, as turnips, &c. 

t FAL'LoW, v. i. To fade ; to become yellow. 

FAL'LoW, v. t. To plow, harrow, and break land without 
seeding it. 

FAI/LoW-GROP, n. The crop taken from fallowed ground. 
— Sinclair. 

FAL'LoW-DEER, n. [Sax. falewe, pale yellow.] The cer- 



vus dama, a kind of deer smaller than the stag, and most 
common in England, where it is almost domesticated in 
the parks. — Partington. 

FAL'LoW-FINCH, n. A small bird, the wheat-ear. 

FAL'LoW.ED, pp. Plowed and harrowed for a season, 
without being sown. 

FAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Plowing and harrowing land without 
sowing it. 

FAL'LoW-ING, n. The operation of plowing and harrow- 
ing land without sowing it. 

FAL'LoW-IST, n. One who favors the practice of fallow- 
ing land. [Unusual.] 

FAL'LoW-NESS, n. .A fallow state; barrenness; exemp- 
tion from bearing fruit. — Donne. 

t FALS'A-RY, n. A falsifier of evidence. — Sheldon. 

FALSE, a. [L. falsus.] 1. Not true ; not conformable to 
fact ; expressing what is contrary to that which exists, is 
done, said, or thought ; untrue. 2. Not well founded ; 
unfounded. 3. Not true ; not according to the lawful 
standard ; as, false weights. 4. Substituted for another ; 
succedaneous ; supposititious. 5. Counterfeit ; forged ; 
not genuine, as coin. 6. Not solid or sound ; deceiving 
expectations. 7. Not agreeable to rule or propriety. 8. 
Not honest or just ; not fair. 9. Not faithful or loyal ; 
treacherous ; perfidious ; deceitful. 10. Unfaithful ; in- 
constant. 11. Deceitful ; treacherous ; betraying secrets. 

12. Counterfeit ; not genuine or real ; as, a. false diamond. 

13. Hypocritical ; feigned ; made or assumed for the pur- 
pose of deception. — False fire, a combustible composition 
used in vessels of war for making signals during the night 
— False imprisonment, the arrest and imprisonment of a 
person without warrant or cause, or contrary to law ; or 
the unlawful detention of a person in custody. 

FALSE, adv. Not truly ; not honestly ; falsely. 

t FALSE, v. t. 1. To violate by failure of veracity ; to de 
ceive. 2. To defeat ; to balk ; to evade. 

FALSE'-FaCjED, a. Hypocritical ; deceitful.— Shak. 

t FALSE'-HEaRT, \ a. Hollow ; treacherous ; deceitful ; 

FALSE'-HEaRT'ED, $ perfidious. 

FALSE'-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Perfidiousness ; treachery. 

FALSE'-KEEL, n. The timber added below the main keel, 
to serve both as a defense and an aid in holding a better 
wind. — Bran de. 

FALSE'-ROOF, n. In architecture, that part between the 
ceiling of the upper floor and the covering of the roof.— 
Gwilt. 

FALSE'HOOD (fawls'hud), n. 1. Contrariety or inconformi 
ty to fact or truth. 2. Want of truth or veracity ; an un 
true assertion. 3. Want of honesty ; treachery ; deceit 
fulness ; perfidy ; [see Falseness.] 4. Counterfeit ; false 
appearance; imposture. Milton. — Syn. Untruth; falsi 
ty ; fiction ; fabrication ; he. 

FALSE'LY (fawlsly), adv. 1. In a manner contrary to truth 
and fact ; not truly. 2. Treacherously ; perfidiously. 3. 
Erroneously ; by mistake. 

FALSE'NESS (fawls'ues), n. 1. Want of integrity and ve- 
racity, either in principle or in act. 2. Duplicity ; deceit ; 
double dealing- 3. Unfaithfulness ; treachery ; perfidy ; 
traitorousness. 

FALS'ER, n. A deceiver. 

FAL-SETTE', ? n. [It.] Literally, a false or artificial voice, 

FAL-SETTO, j That part of a person's voice which lies 
above its natural compass. 

FAL'Sl -GRl'MEN. [L.] The crime of forgery. 

FALS'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be falsified, counterfeited, 
or corrupted. 

FALS-I-FI-CI'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of making false ; 
a counterfeiting ; the giving to a thing an appearance of 
something which it is not. 2. Confutation. — Broome. 

FALS'I-FI-€a-TOR, n. A falsifier.— Bp. Morton. 

FALS'I-FLED, pp. Counterfeited. 

FALS'I-Fi-ER, n. 1. One who counterfeits, or gives to a 
thing a deceptive appearance ; or one who makes false 
coin. 2. One who invents falsehood ; a liar. 3. One who 
proves a thing to be false. 

FALS'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. falsifier.] 1. To counterfeit ; to forge ; 
to make something false, or in imitation of that which is 
true. 2. To disprove ; to prove to be false ; as, to falsify 
a prediction. 3. To violate ; to break by falsehood. 4. 
To show to be unsound, insufficient, or not proof ; [not in 
use.] 

FALS'I-FY, v. i. To tell lies ; to violate the truth. 

FALS'I-FY-ING,£pr. Counterfeiting; forging; lying; prov- 
ing to be false ; violating. 

FALS'I-TY, n. [L.falsitas] 1. Contrariety or inconformity 
to truth ; the quality of being false. 2. Falsehood ; a lie , 
a false assertion ; [less proper.] 

FALTER, v. i. [Sp. f altar.] 1. To hesitate, fail, or break in 
the utterance of words ; to speak with a broken or trem 
bling utterance ; to stammer. 2. To fail, tremble, or yield 
in exertion ; not to be firm and steady. 3. To fail in the 
regular exercise of the understanding. — Locke. 

t FAL'TER, v. t. To sift.— Mortimer. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ,— MARINE, BiRD ;• -MOVE, BOOK. 



FAM 



391 



FAN 



F ALTER-IN G, ppr. or a. Hesitating ; speaking with a fee- 
ble, broken, trembling utterance ; failing. 

FALTERING,?*. Feebleness; deficiency. 

FALTER-IN G-LY, adv. With hesitation ; with a trembling, 
broken voice ; with difficulty or feebleness. 

FILUN, n. [F.j A French provincial name for certain ter- 
tiary strata, abounding in shells, corresponding to the Nor- 
folk crag. — Lyell. 

F5.ME, 7i. [L. fama.] 1. Public report or rumor. 2. Fa- 
vorable report ; report of good or great actions ; report 
that exalts the character. — Syn. Notoriety ; celebrity ; re- 
nown ; reputation; credit; honor. 

FaME, v. t. To make famous. — Ben Jonson. 2. To report. 

FIME'-GIV-ING, a. Bestowing fame. 

FAM.ED, a. Much talked of; renowned; celebrated; dis- 
tinguished and exalted by favorable reports. 

FIME'LESS, a. Without renown. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

FaME'LESS-LY, adv. In a fameless manner. 

FA-MIL'IAR (fa-mil'yar), a. [L. familiar is.] 1. Pertaining to 
a family ; domestic. — Pope. 2. Accustomed by frequent 
converse ; well acquainted with ; intimate ; close. 3. 
Affable ; not formal or distant ; easy in conversation. 4. 
Well acquainted with ; knowing by frequent use ; as, fa- 
miliar with a book. 5. Well known ; learned or well un- 
derstood by frequent use ; as, a familiar book. 6. Un- 
ceremonious ; free ; unconstrained ; easy. 7. Common ; 
frequent and intimate. 8. Easy ; unconstrained ; not 
formal. 9. Intimate in an unlawful degree. — Familiar 
spirit, a demon or evil spirit, supposed to attend at a call. 

FA-MIL'IAR, n. 1. An intimate ; a close companion ; one 
long acquainted. 2. A demon or evil spirit supposed to 
attend St a call. — 3. In the court of Inquisition, a person 
who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the accused. 

FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. 1. Intimate and frequent converse, or 
association in company. 2. Easiness of conversation ; 
freedom from ceremony. 3. Intimate acquaintance ; un- 
constrained intercourse. — Syn. Fellowship ; intimacy ; 
affability. 

FA-MIL'IAR-lZE, v. t. 1. To make familiar or intimate ; to 
habituate ; to accustom ; to make well known, by practice 
or converse. 2. To make easy by practice or customary 
use, or by intercourse. 3. To bring down from a state 
of distant superiority. — Addison. 

FA-MI L'lAR-XZ ED, pp. Accustomed ; habituated ; made fa- 
miliar ; made easy by practice, custom, or use. 

FA-MIL'IAR-IZ-ING, ppr. Accustoming ; making familiar ; 
rendering easy by practice, custom, or use. 

FA-MIL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. In a familiar manner ; uncere- 
moniously ; without constraint ; without formality. 2. 
Commonly ; frequently ; with the ease and unconcern 
that arise from long custom or acquaintance. 

FAM'I-LISM, 7i. The tenets of the Familists. 

FAM'I-LIST, n. [from family.] One belonging to the Family 
of Love, a sect in Queen Elizabeth's reign, much like the 
Roman Catholic Quietists. 

FAM-I-LIST'IC, a. Pertaining to Familists.— Baxter. 

Fa-MYLLE/. [Fr. enfamille.] In a family state ; domestical- 
ly. — Swift. [This word is never used without en "before it.] 

FAM'I-LY, n. [L., Sp.familia ; Fr. famille.] 1. The collective 
body of persons who live in one house, and under one head 
or manager ; a household, including parents, children, and 
servants. 2. Those who descend from one common pro- 
genitor ; a tribe or race ; kindred ; lineage. 3. Course of 
descent ; genealogy ; line of ancestors. — Pope. 4. Honor- 
able descent ; noble or respectable stock. 5. A collection 
or union of nations or states. E. Everett. — 6. In popular 
language, an order, class, or genus of animals, or of other 
natural productions, having something in common, by 
which they are distinguished from others. 

FAM'lNE, n. [Fr. famine.] 1. Scarcity of food; dearth; a 
general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants of 
a country or besieged place. 2. Want ; destitution. 

FAM'ISH, v. t. [Fr. affamer.] 1. To starve ; to kill or destroy 
with hunger. 2. To exhaust the strength of, by hunger or 
thirst ; to distress with hunger. 3. To kill by deprivation 
or denial of any thing necessary for life. 
FAM'ISH, v. i. 1. To die of hunger. 2. To suffer extreme 
hunger or thirst ; to be exhausted in strength, or to come 
near to perish, for want of food or drink. 3. To be dis- 
tressed with want ; to come near to perish by destitution. 
FAM'ISHi'D (fam'isht), pp. or a. Starved ; exhausted by 

want of sustenance. 
FAM'ISH-1 NG, ppr. or a. Starving; killing; perishing by 

want of food. 
FAMISH-MENT, n, The pain of extreme hunger or thirst; 

extreme want of sustenance. — Hakewill. 
\ FA-MOS1-TY, n. Renown.— Diet. 

Fa'MOUS, a. [L.famosus.] 1. Celebrated in fame or public 
report ; much talked of and praised ; distinguished in 
story. 2. Distinguished or notorious ; in a bad sense ; as, 
& famous robber.— Syn. Noted ; remarkable ; signal ; con- 
spicuous ; renowned ; illustrious ; eminent ; excellent ; 
transcendent 



Fa. 'MOUSED, a. Renowned.— Shah. [An ill-formed word \ 
Fa'MOUS-LY, adv. With great renown or celebration 
Fa'MOUS-NESS, n. Renown ; great fame ; celebrity, 
t FAM'U-LaTE, v. t. [L.famulor.] To serve.— Cockeram. 
FAN, n. [Sax. fann.] 1. An instrument used by ladies to 
agitate the air, and cool the face in warm weather. 2. 
Something in the form of a woman's fan when spread. 3. 
An instrument for winnowing grain. 4. A small vane or 
sail, used to keep the large sails of a wind-mill always in 
the direction of the wind. 5. Something by which the air 
is moved; a wing. — Dryden. 6. An instrument to raise 
the fire or flame ; as, a. fan to inflame love. 
FAN, v. t. 1. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a 
fan ; to blow the air on the face with a fan. 2. To venti- 
late ; to blow on ; to affect by air put in motion. 3. To 
move as with a fan ; as, " the air, fanned with plumes." — 
Milton. 4. To winnow; to ventilate; to separate chaff 
from grain, and drive it away by a current of air. 
FAN'-LlGHT, n. A window in form of an open fan. 
FAN'-LlKE, a. Resembling a fan. — Kirby. 
FA-NAT'IC, )a. [h.fanaticus.] Wild and extravagant in 
FA-NATIC-AL, $ opinions, particularly in religious opin- 
ions; excessively enthusiastic; possessed by a kind of 
phrensy. 
FA-NATI-6, n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, 
particularly on religious subjects ; one who indulges wild 
and extravagant notions of religion. — Syn. Enthusiast • 
visionary. 
FA-NAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. With wild enthusiasm. 
FA-NAT'IC-AL-NESS, n. Fanaticism. 
FA-NAT'I-CISM, n. Excessive enthusiasm; wild and ex 

travagant notions of religion ; religious phrensy. 
FA-NAT'I-ClZE, v. t. To make fanatic. 
FA-NAT'I-ClZED, pp. Rendered fanatic. 
FA-NAT'I-ClZ-lNG, ppr. Rendering fanatic. 
FAN'CIED, pp. or a. Imagined; conceived; liked. 
FAN'CI-ER, 7i. One who fancies. This word often occurs 
in composition ; as, bird-fancier, dog-fancier, rose-fancier, 
&c, denoting one who has a taste for the things specified, 
and who keeps them for sale. 
FAN'CI-FUL, a. 1. Guided by the imagination rather than 
by reason and experience ; subject to the influence of fan- 
cy ; [applied to persons.] 2. Dictated by the imagination ; 
full of wild images ; [applied to things.] — Syn. Imagina- 
tive, ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical; whim- 
sical ; fantastical ; wild. 
FAN'CI-FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a fanciful manner ; wildly , 

whimsically. 2. According to fancy. 
FAN'CI-FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being fanciful, or 
influenced by the imagination rather than by reason and 
experience ; the habit of following fancy ; [applied to per- 
sons.] 2. The quality of being dictated by imagination 
[applied to things.] 
FAN CY, n. [L. phantasia.] 1. The faculty by which the 
mind forms images or representations of things at pleas- 
ure. It is often used as synonymous with imagination ; 
but imagination is rather the power of combining and 
modifying our conceptions. 2. An opinion or notion. 3. 
Taste ; conception. 4. Image ; conception ; thought ; idea 
5. Inclination ; liking. 6. Love. — Shah. 7. Caprice ; hu- 
mor ; whim ; conceit. 8. False notion. 9. Something 
that pleases or entertains without real use or value. — Fan- 
cy stocks, among brokers, stocks which, having no deter- 
minate value from any fixed probable income, fluctuate in 
price according to the fancy of speculators. — The fancy, a 
cant name for sporting characters. 
FAN'CY, v. i. To imagine; to figure to one's self; to be- 
lieve or suppose without proof. 
FAN'CY, v. t. 1. To form a conception of; to portray in the 
mind ; to imagine. 2. To like ; to be pleased with, par- 
ticularly on account of external appearance or manners. 
FAN'CY-BALL, n. A ball at which persons appear in fan- 
cy dresses, imitations of antique costumes, Sic. 
FAN'CY-FRaM^D, a. Created by the fancy. 
FAN'C Y-FREE, a. Free from the power of love. — Shak. 
FAN'CY-M6N"GER (-mung'ger), 7i. One who deals in tricks 

of imagination. — Shak. 
FAN'CY-SICK, a. One whose imagination is unsound, or 

whose distemper is in his own mind. 
FAN'CY-ING, ppr. Imagining ; conceiving ; liking. 
tFAND, ol&pret. of fndl— Spenser. 
FAN-DAN"GO, n. [Sp.] A lively dance. 
FaNE, n. [L. fanum.] A temple ; a place consecrated to 

religion ; a church. — Pope. [ Used in poetry.] 
FAN'FARE, 7i. [Fr.] A flourish of trumpets, as in coming 

into the lists, &c. 
* FAN'FA-RON, n. [Fr. fanfaron.] A bully ; a hector ; a 

swaggerer ; an empty boaster ; a vain pretender. 
FAN-FAR-ON-aDE', «. A swaggering; vain boasting; os- 
tentation ; a bluster. — Swift. 
t FANG, v. t. [Sax. fengan.] To catch ; to seize ; to lay 

hold ; to gripe ; to clutch. — Shak. 
FANG, n. [Sax./aw^.J 1. The tusk of a boar or other ani- 



P6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



FAR 



392 



FAR 



mai, by which the prey is seized and held ; a pointed 
tooth. 2. A claw or talon. 3. Any shoot or other thing, 
by which hold is taken. — Evelyn. 

FANG.ED (fangd), a. Furnished with fangs, tusks, or some- 
thins long and pointed. — Shak. 

f FAN"GLE (fang'gl), n. [from Sax. fengan.] A new at- 
tempt ; a trifling scheme. 

FAN"GL_ED (fang'gld), a. Properly, begun, new-n>ade ; 
hence, gaudy ; showy ; vainly decorated. [Seldom used, 
except with new. See New-fangled.] 

FANG'LESS, a. Having no fangs or tusks ; toothless. 

FAN"GOT, n. A quantity of wares, as raw silk, &c, from 
one to two hundred weight and three quarters. 

FAN'ION (fan'yun), n. [Fr.] In armies, a small flag carried 
with the baggage. — Encyc. 

FANNED, pp. Blown with a fan ; winnowed ; ventilated. 

FAN'NEL, )n. [Fr.fanon.] A sort of ornament like a scarf, 

FAN'ON, > worn about the left arm of a Roman Catho- 
lic priest when he officiates. 

FAN'NER, n. 1. One who fans. 2. A contrivance for pro- 
ducing a current of air, as in a window, &c. 

FAN'NING, ppr. Blowing ; ventilating. 

FAN'NING-MA-CHiNE', f n. A machine for cleansing seeds 

FAN'NING-MILL, $ from chaff, husks, dirt, &c. 

FAN-Ta'SI-A (fan-ta'ze-a), n. [It. fancy.] A fanciful air in 
music, not restricted to the laws of composition. 
FAN'TA-SI-ED (-sid), a. Filled with fancies or imagina- 
tions; whimsical. — Shak. 

FAN'TASM (fan'tazm), n. [Gr. ^avratrna. Usually written 
phantasm.] That which appears to the imagination ; a 
phantom ; something not real. 

FAN-TAS'TIC, }a. [Fr.fantastique.] 1. Fanciful; pro- 

FAN-TAS'TI€-AL, 5 duced. or existing only in imagina- 
tion ; imaginary ; not real ; chimerical. 2. Having the na- 
ture of a phantom ; apparent only. Shak. — 3. Unsteady ; 
irregular. — Prior. 4. Whimsical ; capricious ; fanciful ; in- 
dulging the vagaries of imagination. 5. Whimsical ; odd. 

FAN-TAS'TIC, n. A whimsical person. — Dr. Jackson. 

FAN-TASTIC-AL-LY, adv. 1. By the power of imagina- 
tion. 2. In a fantastic manner ; capriciously ; unsteadily. 
3. Whimsically ; in compliance with fancy. — Grew. 

FAN-TASTIC-AL-NESS, n. Compliance with fancy; hu- 
morousness ; whimsicalness ; caprice. 

FAN-TASTIC-LY, adv. Irrationally ; whimsically. — Ben 
Jonson. 

FAN-TAS'TIC-NESS. The same as fantasticalness. 

FAN'TA-SY. n. and v. Now written fancy, which see. 

FAN-TOC-Cl'NI (fan-to-che'ne). [It.] Dramatic represent- 
ations in which puppets are substituted in the scene for 
human performers. — Brande. 

FAN'TOM, n. [Fr. fantdme.] Something that appears to the 
imagination ; also, a spectre ; a ghost ; an apparition. It 
is generally written phantom. 

FAN'TOM-COItN, n. Lank or light corn.— Grose. [North 
of England.] 

fFAP, a. Fuddled.— Shak. 

FA-QUiiR'. See Fakir. 

FaR, a. [Sax. feor, for, or fyr.] 1. Distant, in any direction ; 
separated by a wide space from the place where one is, 
or from any given place remote. — 2. Figuratively, remote 
from purpose; contrary to design or wishes. 3. Remote 
in affection or obedience; at enmity with: alienated. — 
Psalm lxxiii., 27 ; [in a spiritual sense.] 4. More or most 
distant of the two ; as, the far side or a yoke of cattle. 

FIR, adv. 1. To a great extent or distance of space. 2. 
Figuratively, distantly in time from any point ; remotely. 
— 3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. 4. In 
great part. 5. In a great proportion ; by many degrees ; 
very much. 6. To a certain point, degree or distance ; as, 
good as far as it goes. — By far, in a great degree ; very 
much. — From far, from a great distance ; from a remote 
place. — Far from, at a great distance. — Far off. 1. At a 
great distance; as, to lie far off. 2. To a great distance; 
as, to go far off. — 3. In a spiritual sense, alienated ; at en- 
mity ; in a state of ignorance and alienation. — Far other, 
very different. 

FaR, n. [Sax. feerh, fearh.] The young of swine; or a lit- 
ter of pigs. — Tusser. [Local.] 

f FiR'-A-BOUT, n. A going out of the way.— Fuller. 

FaR'-BeAM'LNG, a. Sending beams to a distance. — Cow- 
per. 

FaR'-BROUGHT (-brawt), a. Brought from far. 

FaR'-€aST, a. Cast to a far distance.— More. 

FIR'-EX-TEND'ED, a. Extended to a great distance.— 
Coleridge. 

FaR'-FaMSD, a. Widely celebrated.— Pope. 

FaR'-FETCH, n. A deeply-laid stratagem. [Little used.] 

FIR'-FETCHED (-fetcht), a. 1. Brought from a remote 
place. 2. Studiously sought ; not easily or naturally de- 
duced or intro duced ; forced ; strained. [Far-fet, the 
same, is not used.] 

FaR'-GLaNC'ING, a. Glancing to a great distance. 

FaR'-LOOKTNG, a. Looking to a great distance.— A lien. 



FIR'-PIeRCTNG, a. Striking or penetrating a great way 
— Pope. 

FaR'-RE-SOUND'ING, a. Resounding to a great distance. 

FIR'-RuL'ING, a. Ruling to a great extent of country. 

FIR'-SEE'ING, a. Seeing to a great distance. 

FAR'-SHOOTING, a. Shooting to a great distance.— Dryden 

FIR'-SiGHTED, a. Seeing to a great distance. 

FaR'-SIGHT'ED-NESS, n. The power of seeing far. 

FIR-STRETCHED (-stretcht), a. Stretched far. 

FARANT-LY, a. 1. Orderly; decent; respectable. [Cra 
ven dialect.] 2. Comely ; handsome. — Ray ; [not used.] 

FiRCE (fars), v. t. [L.farcio; Fr. farcir.] 1. To stuff; to 
fill with forced meat. 2. To extend; to swell out. [A 
word little used.] 

FaRCE (fars), n. [Fr. farcer, to stuff.] Literally, that which 
is stuffed o\it with strong seasoning ; hence, a short play. 
in which ridiculous qualities and actions are greatly exag- 
gerated, for the purpose of exciting laughter. — Smart. 

FaR'CI-CAL, a. 1. Belonging to a farce ; appropriated to 
farce. 2. Droll; ludicrous; ridiculous. 3. Illusory; de- 
ceptive. 

FIR'CI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner suited to farce ; hence, 
ludicrously. 

FIR'CI-CAL-NESS, n. State of being farcical or ludicrous, 

t FIR'CI-LITE, n. Pudding-stone.— Kirwan. 

FaR'CIN, In. Fa farriery, a disease of the absorbents affect- 

FaR'C Y, 5 ing the skin and its blood-vessels ; allied to the 
glanders. 

FaR'CING, n. Stuffing composed of forced meat. 

FIRCTATE, a. [L. farctus.] In botany, stuffed ; crammed, 
or full ; without vacuities : opposed to tubular or hollow. 

t FaRD, v. t. [Ft.] To paint— Shenstone. 

FIR'DEL, n. [It. fardello ; Fr. far deau.] A bundle or little 
pack. — Shak. 

FaR'DEL, v. t. To make up in bundles. — Fuller. 

FIR'DING-BAG, n. The first stomach of a cow or other 
ruminating animal, where green food lies till it is chewed 
over again. — Gardner. 

FIRE, v. i. [Sax. and Goth, faran.] 1. To go ; to pass ; to 
move forward ; to travel. — Milton ; [not in common use.] 
2. To be in any state, good or bad ; to be attended with 
any circumstances or train of events, fortunate or unfor- 
tunate. 3. To feed ; to be entertained. 4. To proceed in 
a train of consequences, good or bad. — Milton. 5. To hap- 
pen well or ill : with it, impersonally. 

FaRE, n. 1. The price of passage or going ; the sum paid 
or due, for conveying a person by land or water. 2. Food ; 
provisions of the table. 3. The person conveyed in a vo 
hide — Drummond ; [not used in the United States.] 

* FIRE-WELL'. A compound of fare, in the imperative, 

and well. Go well ; originally applied to a person depart- 
ing, but, by custom, now applied both to those who depart 
and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a wish 
of happiness to those who leave or those who are left 
The verb and adverb are often separated by the pronoun ; 
as, fare you well. Sometimes it is only an expression ol 
separation ; as, farewell, ye groves. 

* FARE-WELL', n. 1. A wish of happiness or welfare at 

parting ; the parting compliment. 2. Leave ; act of de- 
parture. — Shak. 

FA-Ri'NA, n. [L. farina.] 1. In botany, the pollen, fine dust, 
or powder contained in the anthers of plants, and which 
is supposed to fall on the stigma, and fructify the plant. 
2. The flour of any species of corn, or starchy root, such 
as the potato, &c. Ure. — 3. In chemistry, starch or fecuia, 
one of the proximate principles of vegetables. 

FAR-I-NI'CEOUS, a. 1. Consisting or made of meal or 
flour, as food. 2. Containing meal ; yielding farina, or 
flour, as seeds. 3. Like meal ; mealy ; pertaining to meal ; 
as, a farinaceous smell. 

FAR'I-NoSE, a. In natural history, mealy ; covered with a 
sort of white, scurfy substance. 

FIRM. «. [Sax. farma, fearm, or feorm.] 1. In Great Brit 
ain, a tract of land leased on rent reserved ; ground let ta 
a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum, annual 
ly or otherwise, for the use of it. — 2. In the United States, 
a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of grass-land, 
meadow, pasture, tillage, and wood-land, cultivated by onp 
man, and usually owned by him in fee. 3. The state oi 
land leased on rent reserved ; a lease. — Spenser. 

FIRM, v. t. 1. To lease, as land, on rent reserved ; to let 
to a tenant on condition of paying rent ; [not used in Amer 
tea.] 2. To take at a certain rent or rate ; [not used in 
America.] 3. To lease or let, as taxes, impost, or othei 
duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. 4. To take or 
hire for a certain rate per cent. 5. To cultivate land. To 
farm let, or let to farm, is to lease on rent. 

FIRM'-HOUSE, n. A house attached to a farm, and for the 
residence of a farmer. 

FIRM'-OF-FICE, n. Farm-offices are the out-buildings per 
taining to a farm. 

FIRM'-YIRD, n. The yard or inclosure attached to a barn 
or the inclosure surrounded by the farm buildings. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, Sec, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



FAS 



393 



FAS 



FaRM'A-BLE, a. That may be farmed. — Sherwood. 

FIRMED, pp. Leased on rent ; let out at a certain rate or 
price. 

FARM'ER, n. 1. In Great Britain, a tenant ; a lessee ; one 
who hires and cultivates a farm ; a cultivator of leased 
ground. The term is also now applied to one who culti- 
vates his own land. 2. One who takes taxes, customs, ex- 
cise, or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent. 
— 3. In the United States, one who cultivates a farm ; a 
husbandman, whether a tenant or the proprietor. — 4. In 
mining, the lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and 
cope of the king. 

FARM'ER-<*EN'ER-AL, n. One to whom the right of levy- 
ing certain taxes in a particular district was farmed out, 
under the French monarchy, for a given sum paid down. 
— En eye. Am. 

FARM'ER- Y, n. The buildings and yards necessary for car- 
rying on the business of a farm. — Brande. 

FARMING, ppr. or a. 1. Letting or leasing land on rent re- 
served, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent. 
2. Taking on lease. 3. Cultivating land; carrying on the 
business of agriculture. 

FXRM'ING, n. The business of cultivating land. 

FAR'MoST, a. Most distant or remote. — Dryden. 

FAR'NESS, n. Distance ; remoteness. — Carew. 

FiR'O, n. A game at cards, in which persons play against 
the bank belonging to the proprietor of the establishment. 
Originally written pharaon. 

FIR'O-BANK, n. A bank or establishment against which 
persons play at the game of faro. — Hoole. 

FAR-RAd'IN-OUS, a. [L. farrago.] Formed of various ma- 
terials ; mixed. — Kirwan. 

FAR-Ra'GO, n. [L.] A mass composed of various materi- 
als confusedly mixed; a medley. 

FAR'RAND, \ n. Manner ; custom , numor. — Grose. ~JLo- 

FA'RAND, 5 cal.] 

FAR-RE- a'TION See Confarreation. 

FAR'RI-ER, n. [Ft. f errant; It. ferraio.] 1. A shoer of 
horses ; a smith who shoes horses. 2. One who profess- 
es to cure the diseases of horses. 

FAR'RI-ER, v. i. To practice as a farrier. 

FAR'RI-ER- Y, n. The art of preventing, curing, or mitiga- 
ting the diseases of horses and cattle. Now called the vet- 
erinary art. 

F AR'Ro W, n. [Sax. fearh. fezrh.] A litter of pigs. 

FAR'RoW, v. t. or i. To bring forth pigs.— Tusser. 

FAR'RoW, a. [D. vaare; "een vaare koe," a dry cow.j A 
cow is so called when she fails to produce a calf for that 
year. — Forby. [New England.] 

FARTHER, a. comp. [Sax. farther, from forth. Further is 
the better spelling.] 1. More remote ; more distant than 
something else. 2. Longer ; tending to a greater distance. 

FARTHER, adv. 1. At or to a greater distance : more re- 
motely ; beyond. 2. Moreover"; by way of progression in 
a subject. 

FARTHER, v. t. To promote ; to help forward. [Rare.] 

f FARTHER-ANCE, n. A helping forward ; promotion. 

FARTHER-MoRE, adv. Besides ; moreover. [Little used.] 
Instead of the last three words, we now use furtherance, 
furthermore, further, which see. 

FARTHEST, a. superl. [Sax. feorrest. See Furthest.] 
Most distant or remote. 

FARTHEST, adv. At or to the greatest distance. See Fur- 
thest. 

FARTHING, n. [Sax. feorthung.] 1. The fourth of a pen- 
ny ; a small copper coin of Great Britain. 2. Farthings, 
in the plural, copper coin. 3. Very small price or value ; 
as, not to be worth a. farthing. 4. A division of land, equal 
to thirty acres ; [obs.] 

FARTHIN"GALE, n. A hoop petticoat ; or circles of hoops, 
formed of whalebone, used to extend the pexticoat. 

FARTH1NGS-W6RTH (-wurth), n. As much as is sold for 
a farthing. — Arbuthnot. 

FAS'CES n. pi. [L. fascis.] In Roman antiquity, a bundle 
of rods, bound round the helve of an ax, and borne before 
the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority. 

FAS'CI-A (fash'e-a) n. ; pi. FAScii. [L.] 1. A band, sash, 
or fillet. — In architecture, any flat member with a small 
projecture. Also, in brick buildings, the jutting of the 
bricks beyond the windows.— 2. In astronomy, the belt of 
a planet,— 3. In surgery, a bandage, roller, or ligature. — 4. 
In anatomy, a thin, tendinous covering, which surrounds 
the muscles of the limbs, and binds them in their places 

FAS'CI-AL (fash'e-al), a. Belonging to the fasces. 

FAS'CI-A-TED (fash'e-a-ted), a. Bound with a fillet, sash, or 
bandage. 

FAS-CI-A'TION (fash-e-a'shun), n. The act or manner of 
binding up diseased parts ; bandage. 

FAS'CI-€LE, n. [L. fasciculus.] In botany, an aggregate or 
cluster of fastigiate flowers, whose foot-stalks or pedun- 
cles spring irregularly from several points at the top of the 
main stem. 

FAS-CICU-LAR, a. [L. fascicularis.] United in a bundle. 



FAS-CIC'U-LAR-L Y, ado. In the form of bundles. 

FAS-CIC'U-LATE, )-■•,,, . ".. 

FAS-CICU-LI-TED > a " Growm £ in bundles or bunches 

FAS'C1-€L£D ' S fr° m me sam e point. 

FAS-CIC'U-LlTE, n. A variety of fibrous hornblende. 

FAS-CIC'U-LUS, n. [L.] A little bundle; a fascicle; a di- 
vision of a book ; a nosegay. 

FAS'CI-NaTE, v. t. [L.fascino.] 1. To operate on by seme 
powerful or irresistible influence. 2. To excite and allura 
irresistibly or powerfully. — Sy.v. To charm ; enrapture , 
captivate ; enchant ; bewitch. 

FAS'CI-Na-TED, pp. or a. Bewitched ; enchanted ; charmed. 

FAS'CI-Na-TING, ppr. or a. Bewitching ; enchanting 
charming ; captivating. 

FAS-CI-N a'TION, n. The act of bewitching or enchanting ; 
enchantment; witchcraft; a powerful or irresistible in- 
fluence on the affections or passions ; unseen, inexplicable 
influence. 

FAS-C5ENE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a fagot, a bundle of 
rods or small sticks of wood 

FAS'CI-NOUS, a. Caused or acting by witchcraft. — Harvey 

FASH, v. t. [Old Fr. fascher.] To vex; to tease.— Walte 
Scott. 

FASHION (fash'un), n. [Fr. facon.] 1. The make or form 
of any thing ; the state of any thing with regard to its ex- 
ternal appearance ; shape ; as, to have the fashion of a 
man. 2. Form ; model to be imitated ; pattern. — 2 Kings, 
xvi., 10. 3. The form of a garment ; the cut or shape of 
clothes. 4. The prevailing mode of dress or ornament. 
5. Manner ; sort ; way ; mode ; [applied to actions or behav- 
ior.] 6. Custom ; prevailing mode or practice. 7. Gen- 
teel life or good breeding ; as, a lady of fashion. 8. Any 
thing worn ; [obs.] 9. Genteel company. 10. Workman- 
ship. — Overb ury. 

FASHION (fash'un), v. t. [Fr. faconner.] 1. To form; to 
give shape or figure to ; to mold ; to shape. 2. To fit ; to 
adapt; to accommodate: with to. — Spenser. 3. To make 
according to the rule prescribed by custom. — Locke. 4. 
To forge or counterfeit ; [obs.] 

FASH'ION-M6N"GER (fash'un-mung'ger), n. One who stud- 
ies the fashion ; a fop. 

FASH'ION-M6N"GER-ING, a. Behaving like a fashion-mon- 
ger. — Shak. 

FA'SHION-PIE-CES. In ships, the hindermost timbers, 
which form the shape of the stern. — Mar. Diet. 

FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. 1. Made according to the prevailing 
form or mode. 2. Established by custom or use ; cur- 
rent ; prevailing at a particular time. 3. Observant of the 
fashion or customary mode ; dressing or behaving accord- 
ing to the prevailing fashion. 4. Genteel ; well bred. 

FASH'ION-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being fashiona- 
ble ; modish elegance ; such appearance as is according to 
the prevailing custom. 

FASH'ION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner according to fashion, 
custom, or prevailing practice. 

FASH'IONED, pp. Made; formed; shaped; adapted. 

FASH'ION-ER, n. One who forms or gives shape to. 

FASH'10N-ING,^pr. Forming; shaping; fitting; adapting 

FASH'ION-IST, n. An obsequious follower of fashions. 

FASH'ION-LESS, a. Having no fashion. 

FAS'SA-lTE, n. [from Fassa.] A variety of pyroxene. 

FAST, a. [Sax. fast, fest.] 1. Literally, set or pressed close ; 
hence, close ; tight. 2. Firm ; immovable. 3. Close ; 
strong; as, fast places. — Spenser. 4. Firmly fixed ; closely 
adhering. 5. Close, as sleep; deep; sound. 6. Firm in 
adherence. — Fast and loose, variable ; inconstant ; as, to 
play/«s« and loose. 

FAST, adv. Firmly ; immovably. — Fast by, or fast beside, 
close or near to. 

FAST, a. [W. fist.] Swift ; moving rapidly ; quick in mo 
tion. 

FAST, adv. Swiftly; rapidly; with quick steps. 

FAST, v. i. [Sax. fastan.] 1. To abstain from food beyond 
the usual time ; to omit to take the usual meals for a time. 

2. To abstain from food voluntarily. 3. To abstain from 
food partially, or from particular kinds of food ; as, the 
Roman Catholics /asz in Lent. 

FAST, n. 1. Abstinence from food; properly, a total absti- 
nence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particu- 
lar kinds of food for a certain time. 2. Voluntary absti- 
nence from food, as a religious mortification or humilia- 
tion. 3. The time of fasting, whether a day, week, or long 
er time. 

FAST, n. That which fastens or holds ; the rope which fas- 
tens a vessel to a wharf, <fcc. 

FaST'-DaY. n. The day on which fasting is observed. 

FAST'-HAND-ED, a. Close-handed ; covetoiis ; close-fisted, 
avaricious.— Bacon. 

FAST-RE-CkD'FNG a. Receding rapidly. — Wordsworth. 

FAST-SINK'ING, a. Rapidly sinking. 

FASTEN (fas'n), v. t. [Sax. fastnian.] 1. To fix firmly 
to make fast or close. 2. To lock, bolt, or bar ; to secure 

3. To hold together ; to cement or to link ; to unite close 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ; A^'GER. VICIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FAT 



394 



FAT 



ly in any way. 4. To affix or conjoin ; [not common.'] 5. 
To fix ; to impress. — Shalt. 6. To lay on with strength. 
Dry den. — Syn. To fix; cement; stick; link; attach; af- 
fix; annex. 

FaST£N, v. i. To fasten on, is to fix one's self; to seize 
and hold on ; to clinch. 

FiST.EN.ED (fas'nd), pp. Made firm or fast; impressed. 

FISTEN-ER, n. One who makes fast or firm. 

FaSTjEN-ING, ppr. Making fast. 

FaSTEN-ING, n. Any thing that binds and makes fast; 
or that which is intended for that purpose. 

FXST'ER, a. 1. More rapid ; swifter. 2. adv. More rapidly. 

FiST'ER, n. One who abstains from food. 

FASTEST, a. I. Most rapid ; swiftest. 2. adv. Most swiftly. 

FAS'Tl, n. [L.] 1. The Roman calendar, which gave the 
days for festivals, courts, Sec, corresponding to a modern 
almanac. — 2. The fasti anna'les were historical records. — 
Smith's Diet. 

tFAS-TID-I-OS'I-TY, n. Fastidiousness.— Swift. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS, a. [L. fastidiosus.} 1. Disdainful ; squeam- 
ish ; delicate to a fault ; over nice ; difficult to please ; 
[applied to persons or minds.] 2. Squeamish; rejecting 
what is common or not veiy nice ; suited with difficulty ; 
dainty ; [applied to the appetite.] 

FAS-TID'1-OUS-LY, adv. Disdainfully; squeamishly; con- 
temptuously. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS-NESS, n. Disdainfulness ; contemptuous- 
ness; squeamishness of mind, taste, or appetite. 

FAS-TlG'I-ATE, } a. [L. fastigiatus.] 1. In botany, a fas- 

FAS-TlG'I-A-TED, ) tigiate stem is one whose branches 
are of an equal height. Peduncles are fastigiate when 
they elevate the fructifications in a bunch, so as to be 
equally high. 2. Proofed ; narrowed to the top. 

FAS-TIg'I-UM, n. [L.] The summit, apex, or ridge of a 
house or pediment. — Elmes. 

FASTING, ppr. Abstaining from food. 

FASTING, n. The act of abstaining from food. 

FaST'ING-DaY, n. A day of fasting; a fast-day. 

FaST'LY. adv. Firmly ; surely. 

FASTNESS, n. [Snx.fcestenesse.] 1. The state of being fast 
and firm ; firm adherence. 2. Strength ; security. 3. A 
strong-hold; a fortress or fort ; a place fortified; a castle. 
4. Closeness ; conciseness of style ; [obs.] 

FASTU-OUS, a. [L. fastuosus.] Proud ; haughty ; disdain- 
ful. — Barrow. 

FAT, a. [Sax. feet, fett.] 1. Fleshy ; plump ; corpulent. 2. 
Coarse ; gross. — Dryden. 3. Dull ; heavy ; stupid ; un- 
teachable. - Isa., vi., 10. 4. Rich ; wealthy ; affluent. — 
South. 5. Pdch ; producing a large income ; as, a fat sala- 
ry. 6. Rich ; fertile ; nourishing, as soil or pasture. 7. 
Abounding in spiritual grace and comfort. Ps. xcii. — 8. 
Among jrrinters, a page having many blank spaces or lines 
is called fat. 

FAT, n. 1. An oily, concrete substance, deposited under 
the skin and in various other parts of animal bodies. 2. 
Figuratively, the best or richest productions ; as, to live 
on the fat of the land. 

AT, v. t. To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and 
fleshy with abundant food. 

FAT, v. i. To grow fat, plump, and fleshy. 

FAT, ) n. [Sax. fat, fat, fet ; D. vat.] A large tub, cistern, or 

VAT, 5 vessel used for various purposes, as by brewers, 
to run their wort in; by tanners, for holding their bark 
and hides, &c. 

FAT, n. A measure of capacity, differing in different com- 
modities. 

FAT'-BRaINED, a. Dull of apprehension.— Shah. 

FAT-KID-NEY.ED, a. Fat; gross.— Shak. [Used in con- 
tempt.] 

FAT'-WIT-TED, a. Heavy ; dull ; stupid.— Shak. 

FATAL, a. [L.fatalis.] 1. Proceeding from fate or destiny ; 
necessary ; inevitable ; [little used.] 2. Appointed by fate 
or destiny; [little used.] 3. Causing death or destruction ; 
deadly ; mortal, as a disease. 4. Destructive ; calamitous, 
as an event. 

Fa'TAL-ISM, n. The doctrine that all things are subject to 
fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity. 

Fi'TAL-IST, n. One who maintains that all things happen 
by inevitable necessity. — Watts. 

FA-TAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. fatalite.] 1. A fixed, unalterable course 
of things, independent of God or any controlling cause ; 
an invincible necessity existing in things themselves ; a 
doctrine of the Stoics. 2. Decree of fate. 3. Tendency 
to danser, or to some great or hazardous event. — Brown. 
4. Mortality. 

FITAJb-LY, adv. 1. By a decree of fate or destiny; by in- 
evitable necessity or determination. — Bentley. 2. Mortal- 
ly ; destructively ; in death or ruin. 

FI'TAL-NERR, n. Invincible necessity. 
FA'TA MOB-Ga'NA, n. [It] An optical illusion at Reggio, 
on the Straits of Messina, in Italy, in which, by atmospher- 
ic refraction, multiplied images of objects on the coast 
around appear in the air over the sea. — Brande. 



FaTE, n. [L. fatum.] 1. Primarily, a decree or word pro 
nounced by God. Hence, inevitable necessity ; destiny 
depending on a superior cause, and uncontrollable. 2. 
Event predetermined ; as, disappointment is our fate. 3 
Final event ; death ; destruction. — Pope. 4. Cause of 
death ; as, feathered fates, i. e., arrows. Dryden. — Syn 
Destiny ; doom ; lot ; fortune ; chance. 

FaT'ED, a. 1. Decreed by fate ; doomed ; destined. 2 
Modeled or regulated by fate. 3. Endued with any qual 
ity by fate. 4. Invested with the power of fatal determi- 
_nation. [The last two senses are hardly legitimate.] 

F aTE'FU L, a. Bearing fatal power ; producing fatal events 
— J. Barlow. 

FaTETUL-LY, adv. In a fateful manner. 

FaTE'FUL-NESS, n. State of being fateful. 

FaTES, u. pi In mythology, the destinies or parcce ; god 
desses supposed to preside over the birth and life of men. 
They were three in number, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. 

FATHER, n. [Sax. feeder, feder ; Ger. vater ; D. vader ; Ice., 
Sw., and Dan. fader; Gr. warnp ; L. pater.] 1. He who 
begets a child. 2. The first ancestor ; the progenitor of a 
race or family. 3. The appellation of an old man, and a 
term of respect. 4. The grand-father, or more remote 
ancestor. 5. One who feeds and supports, or exercises 
paternal care over another. 6. He who creates, invents, 
makes, or composes any thing; the author, former, or 
contriver ; a founder, director, or instructor. God, as 
Creator, is the Father of all men. 7. A father-in-law. 8. 
The appellation of the first person in the adorable Trinity. 
9. The title given to dignitaries of the Church, superiors 
of convents, and to Roman Catholic confessors. — 10. Fa- 
thers, in the plural, ancestors. 11. The appellation of the 
ecclesiastical writers of the first centuries, as Polijcarp, 
Jerome, &c. 12. The title of the senators in ancient Rome ; 
as, conscript fathers. 

Adoptive father, he who adopts the children of another, and 
acknowledges them as his own. — Natural father, the father 
of illegitimate children. — Putative father, one who is only 
reputed to be the father ; the supposed father. 

Fa'THER, v. t. 1. To adopt ; to take the child of another 
as one's own. 2. To adopt any thing as one's own ; to 
profess to be the author. 3. To ascribe or charge to one 
as his offspring or production : with on. 

FaTHER-IN-LAW, n. The father of one's husband or 
wife. 

FaTHER-LAND, n. The native land of one's fathers or 
ancestors. 

FATHERED, pp. 1. Adopted; taken as one's own; as- 
cribed to one as the author. 2. Having had a father of 
particular qualities ; [unusual] 

FATHER-HOOD, n. The state of being a father, or the 
character or authority of a father. 

FiTHER-LNG, ppr. Adopting ; taking or acknowledging as 
one'6 own ; ascribing to the father or author. 

FATHER LASH-ER, n. A small salt-water fish, allied tc 
the river bull-head. 

FaTHER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a living father. 2. With- 
out a known author. 

Fa'THER-LESS-NESS, n. The state of being without a fa 
ther. 

FaTHER-LI-NESS, n. The qualities of a father ; parental 
kindness, care, and tenderness. 

FaTHER-LY, a. 1. Like a father in affection and care ; 
tender ; paternal ; protecting ; careful. 2. Pertaining to a 
father. 

FaTHEPc-LY, adv. In the manner of a father. [Not proper.] 

FATHER-SHIP, n. The state of being a father. 

FATHOM, n. [Sax. fcethem.] 1. A measure of length, con 
tabling six feet, the space to which a man may extend his 
arms. 2. Reach ; penetration ; depth of thought or con 
trivance. — Shak. 

FATH'OM, v. t. 1. To encompass with the arms extended 
or encircling. 2. To reach ; to master ; to comprehend. 
3. To reach in depth ; to sound ; to try the depth. 4. To 
penetrate; to find the bottom or extent. 



FATHOM-A-BLE, 

Diet. 
FATHOMED, .pp. 

comprehended. 
FATH'OM-ER, n. 



Capable of being fathomed. — Rich. 
Encompassed with the arms ; reached j 



One who fathoms. 

FATH'OM-ING, ppr. Encompassing with the arms ; reach- 
ing; comprehending; sounding; penetrating. 

FATH'OM-LESS, a. 1. That of which no bottom can be 
found ; bottomless. 2. That can not be embraced or en- 
compassed with the arms. 3. Not to be penetrated or 
comprehended. 

FA-TID'I€-AL, a. [L. fatidicus.] Having power to foretell 
future events ; prophetic. 

FA-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L.fadfer.] Deadly; mortal; destruc 
tive. — Diet. 

FAT'I-G A-BLE, a. That may be wearied ; easily tired. 

FAT'I-G aTE, v. t. [L. fatigo.] To weary; to tire. [Un- 
usual.] 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, &c. long.— a, ft, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, EOQK. 



"^ 



:.&W> 



FAU 



395 



FAW 



F ATI-GATE, a. Wearied ; tired. \ Little used.) 

FAT-I-Ga'TION, n. Weariness.— W. Montagu. 

FATIGUE' (fa-teegO, n. [Fr.] 1. Weariness with bodily 
labor or mental exertion ; lassitude or exhaustion of 
strength. 2. The cause of weariness ; labor ; toil ; as, to 
endure fatigues. 3. The labors of military men, distinct 
from the use oi arms. 

FATIGUE' (fa-teugO, v. t. [L.fatigo.] 1. To tire ; to weary 
with labor or spy bodily or mental exertion; to harass 
with toil; to exaaust the strength by severe or long-con- 
tinued exertion. 2. To weary by importunity ; to harass. 

FATIGUED (fa-teegd'), pp. or a. Wearied; tired; har- 
assed. 

FATIGUING (fa-teeg^ing), ppr. 1. Tiring; wearying; har- 
assing. 2. a. Inducing weariness or lassitude. 

FATIL'O-QUIST, n. [L. fatum and loquor.] A fortune- 
teller. 

FA-TIS'CENCE, n. [L. fatisco.] A gaping or opening ; a 
state of being chinky. 

FAT'LING, n. A lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened 
for slaughter ; a fat animal. 

FATLY, adv. Grossly : greasily. 

FATNER, n. That which fattens, or gives fatness. 

FATNESS, n. 1. The quality of being fat, plump, or full- 
fed ; corpulency ; fullness of flesh. 2. Unctuous or greasy 
matter. 3. Unctuousness ; sliminess ; [applied to the earth:] 
hence, richness ; fertility ; fruitfulness. 4. That which 
gives fertility. — Philips. 5. The privileges and pleasures 
of religion; abundant blessings. — Isa., lv. 

FATTED, pp. or a. Made fat. 

FATTEN (faftn), v. t. 1. To make fat; to feed for slaugh- 
ter ; to make fleshy or plump with fat. 2. To make fer- 
tile and fruitful ; to enrich. 3. To feed grossly ; to fill. — 
Dryden. 

FATTEN (faftn), v. i. To grow fat or corpulent; to grow 
plump, thick, or fleshy ; to be pampered. 

FATTE N£ D (fat'tnd), pp. or a. Made fat, plump, or fleshy. 

FATTEN-ER, n. &e Fatnee. 

FATT.EN-ING (faftn-ing), ppr. Making fat; growing fat; 
making or growing rich and fniitful. 

FAT'TI-NESS, n. The state of being fat ; grossness. 

FATTING, ppr. Making fat. 

FATTISH, a. Somewhat fut.—Slierwood. 

FATTY, a. Having the qualities of fat; greasy. 

FA-Tu'I-TY, n. [L. fatuitas.] Weakness or imbecility of 
mind ; feebleness of intellect ; foolishness. 

FAT'U-OUS, a, [L. fatuus.} 1. Feeble in mind ; weak ; sil- 
ly ; stupid ; foolish. 2. Impotent ; without force or fire ; 
illusory ; alluding to the ignis fatuus. 

FA JJ'Bo URG (folworg), n. [Fr.] A suburb in French cities. 
The name is also given to districts now within the city, 
but which were formerly suburbs without it, when the 
walls were less extensive. 

FAU'CeS, n. pi. [L.] The posterior part of the mouth, ter- 
minated by the pharynx and larynx. — Brande. 

FAUCET, n. [Fr. fausset.] A pipe, to be inserted in a cask, 
for drawing liquor, and stopped with a peg or spigot. 

FAU'CHION. See Falchion. 

FAU'FEL, n. [said to be Sanscrit.] The fruit of a species 
of the palm-tree. 

FAUGH (faw). An exclamation of contempt or abhorrence. 

FAULT, n. [Fr. faute.] 1. Whatever impairs excellence ; 
[applied to things.] — 2. In morals or deportment, any devia- 
tion from propriety ; a slight offense ; a neglect of duty or 
propriety. 3. Deficiency ; want ; absence ; [obs. See De- 
fault.] 4. Puzzle ; difficulty ; as, to be at fault. — 5. In 
mining, a disturbance of the strata, which interrupts the 
miner's operations, and puts him at fault, to discover 
where the vein of ore or bed of coal has been thrown by 
the convulsions of nature. Ure. — To find fault, to express 
blame ; to complain. — To find fault with, to blame ; to cen- 
sure. — Syn. Error ; blemish ; defect ; imperfection ; weak- 
ness ; blunder ; failing ; vice. 

\ FAULT, v. i. To fail ; to be wrong. — Spenser. 

FAULT, v.t. To charge with a fault ; to accuse. 

FAULT'-FiND-ER, n. One who censures or objects. 

FAULTED, pp. Charged with a fault ; accused. 

FAULT'ER, n. An offender; one who commits a fault. 

FAULT'FUL, a. Full of faults or sins.— Shak. 

FAULTI-LY, adv. Defectively ; erroneously ; imperfectly ; 
improperly ; wronglv. 

FAULT'I-NESS, n. I. The state of being faulty, defective, 
or erroneous ; defect. 2. Badness ; viciousness ; evil dis- 
position. 3. Delinquency ; actual offenses. — Hooker. 

FAULTING, ppr. Accusing. 

FAULTLESS, a. 1. Without fault ; not defective or imper- 
fect ; free from blemish ; free from incorrectness ; per- 
fect. 2. Free horn vice or imperfection. 
FAULT'LESS-LY, adv. Without being guilty of a fault. 
FAULTLESS-NESS, n. Freedom from faults or defects. 
FAULTY, a. 1. Containing faults, blemishes, or defects ; 
defective ; imperfect. 2. Guilty of a fault or of faults ; 
hence, blamable; worthy of censure. 3. Wrong; erro- 



neous; as, a faulty polity. — Hooker. 4. Defective; imper 
feet; bad; as, a. faulty helmet. — Bacon. 

FAUN, n. [L. faunus.] Among the Romans, a kind of demi- 
god, or rural deity ; called, also, sylvan. 

FAUNA, n. [from the L. Fauni, or rural deities among the 
Romans.] The various animals belonging to a country 
constitute its fauna. — Lyell. 

FAUN'IST, n. One who attends to rural disquisitions ; a 
naturalist. — White. 

FAU'SjBN, n. A large eel. — Chapman. 

FAUSSE'-BRaYE (fos'bra), n. [Fr.] A small mound of 
earth thrown up about a rampart. 

FAU-TEUIL' (fo-teul'), n. [Fr.] An arm-chair; an easy- 
chair. 

FAU'TOR, n. [L.] A favorer ; a patron ; one who gives 
countenance or support. [Little used.] 

FAUTRESS, n. A female favorer ; a patroness. 

FAUX PaS (fo'paO. [Fr.] A false step ; a mistake. 

FA-VIL'LOUS, a. [L. favilla.] 1. Consisting of or pertain- 
jng to ashes. 2. Resembling ashes. 

Fa'VOR, n. [L. favor ; Fr. faveur.] 1. Kind regard; propi- 
tious aspect ; friendly disposition. 2. A disposition to aid, 
befriend, support, promote, or justify ; as, to be in favor 
of a person or measure. 3. A kind act or office ; benevo- 
lence shown by word or deed ; any act of grace or good 
will. 4. Mildness or mitigation of punishment. 5. Leave ; 
good will ; a yielding or concession to another ; pardon 
6. Tt e object of kind regard ; the person or thing favored. 
— Milton. 7. Something bestowed as an evidence of good 
will ; a token of love ; a knot of ribbons ; something worn 
as a t oken of affection. — A marriage favor, is a bunch or 
knot of white ribbons, or white flowers, worn at wed- 
dings. 8. A feature ; countenance ; [not used.] 9. Advan- 
tage ; convenience afforded for success ; as, to approach 
under favor of the night. 10. Partiality ; bias. — A chal- 
lenge xo the favor, in law, is the challenge of a juror on ac- 
count of some supposed partiality. — Syn. Kindness ; coun- 
tenance ; patronage ; defense ; vindication ; support ; be- 
half; lenity; grace; gift, present; benefit. 

Fa'VOR, -o. t. 1. To regard with kindness; to support; to 
aid or have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to ; 
to be propitious to ; to countenance ; to befriend ; to en- 
courage. 2. To afford advantages for success ; to facili- 
tate. 3. To resemble in features. 4. To ease ; to spare. 

Fa'VOR-A-BLE, a. [L. favorabilis ; Fr., Sp. favorable ; It. 
favorabile, or favorevole.] 1. Kind; gracious; auspicious; 
propitious ; friendly ; affectionate. 2. Palliative : tender ; 
averse to censure. 3. Conducive to : contributing to ; 
tending to promote ; as, favorable to health. 4. Conven- 
ient ; advantageous ; affording means to facilitate, or af- 
fording facilities ; as, favorable for manufacturing. 5. Beau- 
_tiful ; well-favored ; [obs.] 

FI'VOR-A-BLE-NESS, 72. 1. Kindness ; kind disposition or 
regard. 2. Convenience ; suitableness ; that state which 
affords advantages for success ; conduciveness. 

Fa'VOR- A-BLY, adv. Kindly ; with friendly dispositions ; 
_with regard or affection ; with an inclination to favor. 

Fa'VOR£D, pp. 1. Countenanced ; supported ; aided ; sup- 
plied with advantages ; eased ; spared. 2. a. P^egarded 
with kindness. 3. With well or ill prefixed, featured ; as, 
well-favored, ill-favored. — Wellfavoredly, with a good ap- 
pearance ; [little used.] Hl-favoredly, with a bad appear- 
ance ; [little used.] 

FI'VOR-ED-NESS, n. Appearance.— Dent. 

Fa'VOR.-ER, n. One who favors ; one who regards with 
kindness or friendship ; a well-wisher. 

tFl'VOR-ESS, n. A female who countenances or favors. 

Fa'VOR.-ING, ppr. or a. Regarding with friendly disposi- 
tions ; countenancing ; wishing well to ; facilitating. 

Fa'VOR-ING-LY, adv. By favoring. 

Fa'VOR-ITE, n. [Fr. favori, favorite.] A person or thing 
regarded with peculiar favor, preference, and affection ; 
one greatly beloved. 

Fa'VOR-ITE, a. Regarded with particular kindness, affec- 
tion, esteem, or preference. 

Fa'VOR-iT-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of favoring. 2. 
The disposition to favor one or more persons, or classes, 
to the neglect of others having equal claims.— Paley. 3. 
Exercise of power by favorites. — Burke. 

Fa'VOR-LESS, a. 1 . Unfavored ; not regarded with favor. 
2. Not favoring; unpropitious. — Spenser. 

FA-VoSE', a. Honey-combed ; like the section of a honey- 
comb. — Lin dley. 
FAV'O-SITE, n. [h.favus.] A name given to certain fossil 

corals, having a minute prismatic structure. 
FAWN, n. [Fr. faon.] A young deer ; a buck or doe of the 

first year. 
FAWN, v. i. [Fr. faonner.] To bring forth a fawn. 
FAWN, v. i. [Sax. fagenian.] 1. To court favor or show 
attachment to by frisking about one, as a dog. 2. To 
soothe ; to flatter meanly ; to blandish ; to court servilely ; 
to cringe and bow to gain favor. It is followed by on or 
upon. 



D6VE -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FEA 



396 



FEC 



FAWN, n. A servile cringe or bow ; mean flattery. 

FAWN'ER, n. One who fawns ; one who cringes and flat- 
ters meanly. 

FAWNING, ppr. or a. Courting servilely ; flattering by 
cringing and meanness ; bringing forth a fawn. 

FAWNING, n. Gross flattery.— Skak. 

FAWN'ING-LY, adv. In a clinging, servile way ; with mean 
flattery. 

f FAX.ED (faxt), a. [Sax./eaz.] Hairy. — Camden. 

Fa Y, n. [Fr. fee.] A fairy ; an elf.— Pope. 

FaY, n. Faith ; as, " by my fay." — Shah. 

FiY, v. t. [Sax fcegan.] To fit ; to suit ; to unite closely 
with. [Not elegant.] See Fadge. 

FAZ-ZO-LET (fat-so-letf), rc. [It.] A handkerchief.— Perciv. 

t FEA'BER-RY, n. A gooseberry.— Diet. 

f FeAGUE (feeg), v. t. [G.fegen.] To beat or whip. 

FE'AL, a. Faithful. 

Fe AL, v. t. [Icel. fel] To hide ; to conceal. [North of Engl.] 

* FE'AL-TY, n. [Fr. feal ; It. fedelta.] Fidelity to a lord ; a 
faithful adherence of a tenant or vassal to the superior of 
whom he holds his lands ; loyalty. 

FeAR,, n. 1. A painful emotion or passion excited by an 
expectation of evil or the apprehension of impending dan- 
ger. Fear expresses less apprehension than dread, and 
dread less than terror and fright. 2. Anxiety ; solicitude. 
3. The cause of fear. — Shalt. 4. The object of fear. — Gen., 
xxxi., 42. 5. Something set or hung up to terrify wild 
animals, by its color or noise. — 6. In Scripture, fear is used 
to express & filial or a slavish passion. 7. The worship of 
God. 8. The law and word of God. 9. Reverence ; re- 
spect ; due regard. 

FeAR, v. t. [Sax. faran, afceran.] 1. To feel a painful ap- 
prehension of some impending evil ; to be afraid of ; to 
consider or expect with emotions of alarm or solicitude. 
2. To have a reverential awe of. 3. To afl'right ; to terri- 
fy ; to drive away by fear ; [obs.] — Syn. To apprehend ; 
jiread ; reverence ; venerate. 

FeAR, v. i. To be in apprehension of evil ; to be afraid ; to 
feel anxiety on account of some expected evil. 

t FeAR, n. [Sax. fera, gefera.] A companion. See Peer. 

FeAR£D (feerd), pp. Apprehended or expected with pain- 
ful solicitude ; reverenced. 

* FEARFUL, a. 1. Atfected by fear ; feeling pain in ex- 
pectation of evil ; as, fearful of death. 2. Wanting cour- 
age. 3. Impressing fear ; as, & fearful death. 4. Impress- 
ing awe ; to be reverenced. Deut., xxviii., 58. — Syn. Ap- 
prehensive ; afraid ; timid ; timorous ; horrible ; distress- 
ing ; shocking ; frightful ; dreadful ; awful ; terrible. 

* FeAR'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Timorously ; in fear. 2. In a 
manner to impress terror. 3. In a manner to impress ad- 
miration and astonishment. 

* FeAR'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Timorousness ; timidity. 2. State 

of being afraid ; awe ; dread. 3. Terror ; alarm ; appre- 
hension of evil. 

FeAR'LESS, a. 1. Free from fear ; as, fearless of evil. 2. 
Full of courage ; as, a fearless soldier. — Syn. Bold ; daring ; 
courageous ; intrepid ; valorous ; valiant ; brave ; undaunt- 
ed ; dauntless ; heroic. 

FeAR'LESS-LY, adv. Without fear; in a bold or coura- 
geous manner ; intrepidly. 

FeAR'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from fear ; courage ; bold- 
ness ; intrepidity. 

FeARNAUGHT (feer'nawt), n. A woolen cloth of great 
thickness ; dreadnaught. 

Fe AS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of execu- 
tion; practicability. 

FeAS'I-BLE (fez'e-bl), a. [Fr. faisable.] 1. That may be 
done, performed, executed, or effected ; practicable. 2. 
That may be used or tilled, as land. — B. Trumbull. 

FeAS'I-BLE, n. That which is practicable ; that which can 
be performed by human means. 

FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Feasibility; practicability. 

FeAS'I-BLY, adv. Practicably. 

FE AST, n. [L. festum ; Fr. fete.] 1. A sumptuous repast, of 
which a number of guests partake. 2. A rich or delicious 
repast or meal ; something delicious to the palate. 3. A 
ceremony of feasting ; an anniversary, periodical, or stated 
celebration of some event. 4. Something delicious and 
entertaining to the mind or soul. 5. That which delights 
and entertains. — In the English Church, immovable feasts 
occur on the same day of every year ; movable feasts oc- 
cur on different days in different years. — Syn. Entertain- 
ment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal: festivity; festival. 

FeAST, v. i. 1. To eat sumptuously ; to dine or sup on rich 
provisions. — Job, i. 2. To be highly gratified or delighted. 

FeAST, v. t., 1. To entertain with sumptuous provisions ; 
to treat at the table magnificently. 2. To delight ; to pam- 
per ; to gratify luxuriously. 

FEASTED, pp. or a. Entertained sumptuously ; delighted. 

FeAST'ER, n. 1. One who fares deliciously. 2. One who 
entertains magnificently. — Johnson. 

FeAST'FUL, a. 1. Festive; joyful.— Milton. 2. Sumptu- 
ous ; luxurious. — Pope. 



FeASTFUL-LY, adv. In a luxurious manner; festively. 

FEASTING, ppr. 1. Eating luxuriously. 2. Delighting 
_gratifying. 3. Entertaining with a sumptuous table. 

FEASTING, n. The act of eating luxuriously ; a feast 

FeASTRiTE, n. Custom observed in entertainments. 

FE AT, n. [Fr. fait.] 1. An act ; a deed ; an exploit ; achieve 
ment ; as, feats in war. — 2. In a subordinate sense, any ex> 
traordinary act of strength, skill, or cunning. 

IFeAT, a. Ready; skillful; ingenious. — Shak. 

t FeAT, v. t. To form ; to fashion.— Shak. 

t Fe AT'E-OUS, a. Neat ; dextrous. 

t FeAT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously 

FeATH'ER, n. [Sax. f ether ; G. feder.] 1. A plume ; a gen 
eral name of the covering of birds. 2. Kind ; nature ; spe- 
cies ; from the proverbial phrase, " birds of a feather ;" 
[unusual.] 3. An ornament; an empty title.— 4. On a 
horse, a sort of natural frizzling of the hair, in shape re- 
sembling the tip of an ear of wheat. — A feather in the cap 
is an honor or mark of distinction. — To be in high feather, 
to appear in high spirits and health, like birds when their 
plumage is full after molting. — To show the white feather, to 
give indications of cowardice ; a phrase borrowed from 
the cock- pit, where a white feather in a cock's tail is con- 
sidered a token of weakness and cowardice. — Grose. 

FeATH'ER, v. t. 1. To dress in feathers; to fit With feath 
ers, or to cover with feathers. 2. To cover with foliage 
in a feathery manner. — Sir W. Scott. 3. To tread, as a 
cock. 4. To enrich ; to adorn ; to exalt. Bacon. — To 
feather one's nest, to collect wealth, particularly from emol- 
uments derived from agencies for others. 

Fe ATH'ER-BED, n. A bed filled with feathers ; a soft bed. 

Fe ATH'ER-BoARD'ING, n. A covering of boards, in which 
the edge of one board overlaps another, like the feathers 
of a bird. — Loudon. 

FEATH'ER-DRlV'ER, n. One who beats feathers to make 
them light or loose. 

FeATH'ER-EDgE, n. A term used in reference to a board 
that has one edge thinner than the other, like a feather. 

FeATH'ER-EDg.ED, a. Having one edge thinner than the 
other. 

Ff.ATH'ER-FEW. A corruption o? feverfew. 

FeATH'ER-GRaSS, n. A species of grass distinguished by 
its feathered beard. — Loudon. 

FeATH'ER-SELL'ER, n. One who sells feathers for beds. 

FEATHERED, pp. I. Covered with feathers ; enriched. 
2. a. Clothed or covered with feathers. 3. Fitted or fur- 
nished with feathers, as an arrow. 4. Smoothed, like 
down or feathers. — Scott. 5. Covered with things grow- 
ing from the substance. — Coxe. 

FeATH'ER-ING, ppr. Covering with feathers, 

FeATH'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of feathers ; unfledged. 

t FeATH'ER-LY, a. Resembling feathers. — Brown. 

FeATH'ER- Y, a. 1. Clothed or covered with feathers, j 
Milton. 2. Having the appearance of feathers. 

FeAT'LY, adv. Neatly • dextrously ; adroitly. [Little usea.] 

FeAT'NESS, n. Dexterity ; adroitness ; skillfulness. [Pare.] 

FEATURE, n. [Norm, faiture.] 1. The make, form, or cast 
of any part of the face ; any single lineament. 2. The 
make or cast of the face. 3. The fashion ; the make ; the 
whole turn or cast of the body. 4. The make or form of 
any part of the surface of a thing ; as, the features of the 
country. 5. Lineament ; outline ; prominent parts, as of 
a bill or law. 

FEATURED, a. Having features or good features. 

FeAT'URE-LESS, a. Having no distinct features. 

Fe AZE, v. t. To untwist the end of a rope. 

FEAZ.ED (feezd), pp. Untwisted. 

FE A Z'lN G, ppr. Untwisting. 

FE-BRICU-LA, n. [L.] A slight fever. 

t FE-BRIC'U-LoSE, a. Affected with slight fever.— Diet 

FE-BRI€-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Feverishness. 

FEB'RI-Fa-CIENT, a. Causing fever.— Beddoes. 

FEB'RI-Fa-CIENT, n. That which produces fever. 

FE-BRIF'IC, a. [L. febris and facio.] Producing fever ; fe- 
verish. 

FEB-RI-FO'GAL, a. [Infra.] Having the quality of mitiga- 
ting or curing fever. — Lindley. [Not used by physicians.] 

FEB'RI-FUgE, n. [L. febris and fugo.] Any medicine that 
mitigates or removes fever. 

FEB'RI-FUGE, a. Having the quality of mitigating or suh • 
duing fever ; antifebrile. — Arbuthnot. 

* Fe'BRiLE or FEB'RiLE, a. [Fr. ; L. febrilis.] Pertaining 
to fever ; indicating fever, or derived from it. 

FEB'RU-A-RY, n. [L. Februarius.] The name - f the second 
month in the year. 

FEB-RU-a'TION, n. Purification.— Spenser. 

Fe'CAL, a. Containing or consisting of dregs, lees, sed; 
ment, or excrement. 

Fe'CeS, n. pi. [L. faces.] 1. Dregs; lees; sediment; the 
matter which subsides in casks of liquor. 2. Excrement. 

FE'CIAL (f e'shal), a. [L. fecialis.] Pertaining to heralds and 
the denunciation of war to an enemy. — Kent. 

FE'CIT, n. [Lat., he made.] A word inscribed by artists 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, 1, &c, short — FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRE ;— MOVE, BOOK, 






FEE 



397 



FE1 



after their names on a work, to denote the designer ; as, 

' FECK'LESS, a. Spiritless ; feeble ; weak ; perhaps a cor- 
ruption of effectless. [Scottish.] 

? ECU-LA, n. 1. The green matter of plants ; clilorophyl. — 
Ure. 2. £ tarch of farina ; called, also, amylaceous fecula. 

FEC'U-LENCE, In. [L. f<zculc?itia.] 1. Muddiness ; foul- 

FEC'U-LEN-CY, 5 ness ; the quality of being foul. 2. Lees ; 
sediment ; dregs ; or, rather, the substances mixed with 
liquor or floating in it, which, when lying separate at the 
bottom, are called lees, &c. 

FECU-LEMT, a. Foul, or abounding with extraneous or 
impure substances ; muddy ; thick ; turbid. 

* Fe'CUND, a. [L. foscundus.] Fruitful in children ; prolific. 

— Graant. 

* F£'€UN-DITE, v. t. 1. To make fruitful or prolific. 2. 

To impregnate. 

* Fe'€UN-Da-TED, pp. Rendered prolific or fruitful. 

* Fe'€UN-Da-TING, ppr. or a. Rendering fruitful. 
FE-GUN-D a'TION, n. The act of making fruitful or prolific ; 

impregnation. 
FE-GUND'i-FY, v. t. To make fruitful ; to fecundate. [Rare.] 
FE-€UND'I-TY, n. [L. fcecunditas.] 1. Fruitfulness ; the 
quality of producing fruit ; particularly, the quality in fe- 
male animals of producing young in great numbers. 2. 
The power of producing or bringing forth. — Ray. 3. Fer- 
tility ; the power of bringing forth in abundance ; richness 
of invention. 

FED, pret. and^p. of feed, which see. 

FED'ER-AL, a. [h.fcedus.] 1. Pertaining to a league or 
contract ; derived from an agreement or covenant. — Grew. 
2. Consisting in a compact between parties, chiefly be- 
tween states or nations ; founded on alliance by contract 
or mutual agreement. 3. Friendly to the Constitution of 
the United States. See the Noun. 

FED'ER-AL, ^ n. An appellation, in America, given to 

FED'ER-AL-IST, 5 the Mends of the Constitution of the 
United States, at its formation and adoption, and to the 
political party which favored the administration of Presi- 
dent Washington. 

FED'ER-AL-ISM, n. The principles of the federalists. 

FED'ER-AL-iZE, v. t. or i: To unite in compact, as differ- 
ent states ; _to confederate for political purposes. — Barlow. 

FED'ER-AL-IZ.ED, pp. United in compact. 

FED'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Confederating. 

} FED'ER-A-RY, \n. A partner ; a confederate ; an accom- 

) FEDA-RY, 5 plice.— Shak. 

FED'ER-ATE, a. [L. faederatus.] Leagued ; united by com- 
pact, as sovereignties, states, or nations ; joined in confed- 
eracy. 

FED-ER-A'TION, n. 1. The act of uniting in a league. 2. 
A league ; a confederacy. — Burke. 

FED'ER-A-TlVE, a. Uniting ; joining in a league ; forming 
a confederacy. 

. FED'I-TY, n. [L. faditas.] Turpitude; vileness. 

FEE, n. [Sax. feo, feoh.] A reward or compensation for 
services; recompense, either gratuitous or established .by 
law, particularly, for professional services ; as, a lawyer's 
fees. 

FEE, n. [a contraction oifeud or fief] Primarily, a loan .of 
land, an estate in trust, granted by a prince -or lord, to be 
held by the grantee on condition of personal service, or 
other condition ; and if the grantee or tenant failed to per- 
form the conditions, the land reverted to the lord or do- 
nor, called the landlord, or lend-lord, the lord of the loan. 
A fee, then, is any land or tenement held of a superior on 
certain conditions. It is synonymous with fief and feud. 
— In the United States, an estate mfee or fee-simple is what 
is called in English law an allodial estate, an estate held by 
a person in his own right, and descendible to the heirs in 
general. 

FEE, v. t. 1. To pay a fee to ; to reward. Hence, 2. To en- 
gage in one's service by advancing a fee or sum of money 
to, as a lawyer. 3. To hire ; to bribe. — Shak. 4. To keep 
in hire. — Shalt. 

FEE'-FaRM, n. A kind of tenure of estates without hom- 
age, fealty, or other service, except that mentioned in the 
feoffment, which is usually the full rent. 

FEE'-SIMTLE. See Fee. 

FEE'-TaIL, n. An estate entailed ; a conditional fee. 

FEE'BLE, a. [Fr. foible ; Sp. feble.] 1. Weak; destitute of 
much physical strength, as infants. 2. Infirm; sickly; de- 
bilitated by disease. 3. Debilitated by age or decline of 
life. 4. Not full or loud, as a sound. 5. Wanting force or 
vigor, as attempts. 6. Not bright or strong ; faint ; imper- 
fect as light. 7. Not strong or vigorous, as mental pow- 
ers. 8. Not vehement or rapid ; slow ; as, feeble motion. 

f FEE'BLE. v. t. To weaken. — See Enfeeble. 

FEF/BLE-MIND'ED, a. Weak in mind ; wanting firmness 
or constancy ; irresolute. 

FEE BLE-MIND'ED-NESS,«. State of having a feeble mind. 

FEE'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Weakness of body or mind from 
any cause ; imbecility ; infirmity ; want of strength, phys- 



ical or intellectual. 2. Want of fullness or loudness. 3, 
Want of vigor or force. 4. Defect of brightness. 

FEE'BLY, adv. Weakly ; without strength. 

FEED, v. t. ; pret. and pp. fed. [Sax. fedan.] 1. To give food 
to. 2. To supply with provisions. 3. To supply ; to fur 
nish with any thing of which there is constant consump- 
tion, waste, or use ; as, to feed a stream with water. 4. 
To graze ; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage 
by cattle. 5. To nourish ; to cherish ; to supply with nu- 
triment ; as, to feed desires. 6. To keep in hope or ex- 
pectation. 7. To supply with fuel. 8. To delight ; to sup- 
ply with something desirable ; to entertain ; as, to feed the 
eye. — Bacon. 9. To give food or fodder for fattening ; to 
fatten. 10. To supply with food, and to lead, guard, and 
protect ; [a Scriptural sense.] 

FEED, v. i. 1. To take food ; to eat. 2. To subsist by eat- 
ing ; to prey. 3. To pasture ; to graze ; to place cattle to 
feed. 4. To grow fat. — Johnson. 

FEED, n. 1. That which is eaten ; provender ; fodder ; 
pasture ; [applied to the food of beasts.] 2. A certain por- 
tion or allowance of provender given to a horse, cow, &c. ; 
as, a feed of corn. 3. A meal or act of eating. —Milton. 

FEED, pp. or a. Retained by a fee. 

FEED'-PIPE, n. A pipe which feeds or supplies the boiler 
of a steam-engine, &c, with water. — Hebert. 

FEED'ER, n. 1. One who gives food or supplies nourish- 
ment. 2. One who furnishes incentives ; an encourager. 

3. One who eats or subsists. 4. One who fattens cattle for 
slaughter ; [ U. States.] 5. A fountain, stream, or channel 
that supplies a main canal with water. — Feeder of a vein, 
in mining, a short cross vein. — Cyc. 

FEED'ING, ppr. Giving food or nutriment ; furnishing pro- 
visions ; eating; taking food or nourishment; grazing; 
nourishing; supplying. 

FEED'ING, n. 1. The act of eating. 2. That which is eat- 
en ; pasture. — Drayton. 

FEE'ING, ppr. Retaining by a fee. 

FEEL, v. t. ; pret. and pp. felt. [Sax. felan, fedan, gefelan.] 

1. To perceive by the touch ; to have sensation excited by 
contact of a thing with the body or limbs. 2. To have the 
sense of; to suffer or enjoy. 3. To experience ; to suffer. 

4. To be affected by ; to perceive mentally. 5. To know ; 
to be acquainted with ; to have a real and just view of. 6. 
To touch; to handle; with or without of. — To feel, or to 
feel out, is to try ; to sound ; to search for ; to explore. — 
To feel after, to search for ; to seek to find. 

FEEL, v. i. 1. To have perception by the touch. 2. To 
have the sensibility or the passions moved or excited. 3. 
To give perception ; to excite sensation. 4. To have per 
ception mentally ; as, to feel hurt. 

FEEL, n. 1. The sense of feeling. 2. The perception caused 
by the touch ; as, a greasy feel. 

FEEL'ER, n. 1. One who feels. 2. A term applied to cer- 
tain organs, called palpi, situated near the mouths of in- 
sects, and used in searching for food. It is also applied to 
the antenna, of insects and mollusks. — 3. Figuratively, an 
observation, remark, &c, put forth or thrown out, as if 
casually, in order to ascertain the views of others. 

FEELING, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the touch; having per- 
ception. 2. a. Expressive of great sensibility ; affecting ; 
tending to excite the passions. 3. Possessing great sensi- 
bility; easily affected or moved. 4. Sensibly or deeply 
affected; as, a. feeling sense of favors. — Southerne. 

FEEL'ING, ii. 1. The sense of touch ; one of the five sens- 
es. 2. Sensation; the effect of perception. 3. Faculty or 
power of perception ; sensibility ; susceptibility. 4. Nice 
sensibility. 5. Excitement; emotion. 

FEEL'ING-LY, adv. 1. With expression of great sensibility ; 
tenderly. 2. So as to be sensibly felt. — Shah. 

t FEESE, n. A race.— Barret. 

FEET, n. ; pi. of foot. See Foot. 

FEET'LESS, a. Destitute of feet. 

FEIGN (fane), v. t. [Fr. feindre.] 1. To invent or imagine , 
to form an idea or conception of something not real. 2. 
To make a show of; to pretend ; to assume a false appear- 
ance ; to counterfeit. 3. To represent falsely ; to pretend ; 
to form and relate a fictitious tale. 4. To dissemble ; to 
conceal; [obs.] 

FEIGN (fane), v. i. To relate falsely ; to image from the in 
vention. — Shak. 

FEIGNED, pp. or a. Invented ; imagined ; assumed. 

FEIGN'ED-L Y, adv. In fiction ; in pretense ; not really. 

FEIGN'ED-NESS, n. Fiction ; pretense ; deceit. 

FEIGN'ER, n. One who feigns ; a deviser of fiction. 

FEIGN'ING (fan'ing), ppr. Imagining; inventing; pretend- 
ing ; making a false show. 

FEIGN'ING, n. A false appearance ; artful contrivance ; de- 
ception. 

FEIGNTNG-LY, adv. With false appearance 

FEINT (fante), n. [Fr.feinte.] 1. An assumed or false appear 
ance ; a pretense of doing something notintended to be done. 

2. A mock attack ; an appearance of aiming at one part 
when another is intended to be struck. — Prior. — Encyc. 



D6VE;— BgLL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FEL 



398 



FEM 



i FEINT, pp. or a. Feigned ; counterfeit ; seeming.— Locke. 
FEL'AND-ERS, n. [See Filanders.]— Ainsworth. 
FELDSPAR, "I n. [G. feld and spar.] A mineral occur- 
FEL'SPAR, I ring in crystals and crystalline masses, 
FELD'SPATH, f somewhat vitreous in lustre, and break - 
FEL'SPATH, J ing rather easily in two directions with 
smooth surfaces. Its color is usually white or flesh-red, 
sometimes bluish or greenish. It consists of silica, alu- 



mina, and potash. 

ite, gneiss, mica si a 

— Dana. 
FELD-SPATHP3, 
FELD-SPATH'oSE, 
FE-LIC'1-TaTE, v. t.' 



Feldspar is a constituent part of gran- 
porphyry, and most volcanic rocks. 



• a. Pertaining to feldspar ; consisting 
i of feldspar. 

[Fr. feliciter.] 1. To make very hap- 
py. 2. To congratulate ; to express joy or pleasure to ; to 
compliment 

FE-LICI-TATE, a. Made very happy.— Shak. 

FE-LIC'1-Ta-TED, pp. Made very happy ; congratulated. 

FE-LIC'1-Ta-TING, ppr. Making very happy ; congratu- 
lating. 

FE-LIC-I-Ta'TION, n. Congratulation.— Dirt. 

FE-LIC'I-TOUS, a. Very happy ; prosperous ; delightful. 

FE-LIC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Happily.— Dirt. 

FE-LIC'I-TOUS-NESS, n. State of being very happy. 

FE-LIC'I-TY, n. [L. felicitas.] 1. Happiness, or, rather, 
great happiness ; appropriately, the joys of heaven. 2. Pros- 
perity ; blessing ; enjoyment of good. — Syn. Bliss ; beati- 
tude ; blessedness ; bli'ssfulness. 

Fe'LiNE, a. [L. felinus.] Pertaining to cats or to their spe- 
cies ; like a cat. 

FELL, pret. of fall. 

FELL, a. [Sax. fell.] 1. Cruel; barbarous; inhuman. 2. 
Fierce ; savage ; ravenous ; bloody. — Pope. 

FELL, n. [Sax. fell] A skin of a beast. 

FELL, n. [G.fels.] 1. A barren or stony hill; [local] 2. 
A field. — Drayton. 

t FELL, n. [Sax. felle.] Anger ; melancholiness. — Spenser. 

FELL, v. t. [D. vellen ; G. fallen.] To cause to fall ; to pros- 
trate ; to bring to the ground by cutting or striking. 

FELL'-MON"GER (-mung'ger), n. A dealer in hides. 

FELLDD (feld), pp. Knocked or cut down. 

FELL'ER, n. One who hews or knocks down. 

FEL-LIF'LU-OUS, a. Flowing with gall.— Diet. 

FELLTNG, ppr. Cutting or beating to the ground. 

FELL'NESS, n. Cruelty ; barbarity ; rage. 

FEL'LoE. See Felly. 

FEL'LoW, n. [Sax. felaw.] 1. A companion; an associate. 
2. One of the same kind. 3. An equal. — Zech., xiii, 7. 4. 
One of a pair, or of two things used together and suited to 
each other. 5. One equal or like another. 6. An appella- 
tion of contempt ; a man witne-uc good breeding or worth ; 
an ignoble man ; as, a mean fellow. 7. A member of a 
college that shares its revenues ; or a member of any in- 
corporated society. 8. A member of a corporation ; a 
trustee ; [ U. States.] 

FEL'LoW, v. t. To suit with ; to pair with ; to match ; 
[little used.] — In composition, fellow denotes community of 
nature, station, or employment. 

FEL'LoW-CITI-ZDN (-sife-zn), n. A citizen of the same 
state or nation. — Eph., ii. 

FEL'L5W-€OM'MON-ER, n. 1. One who has the same 
right of common. — 2. In Cambridge, England, a student 
who commons or dines with the fellows. 

FEL'L5W-€OUN'CIL-OR, n. An associate in council. 

FEL'L5W-€dUN'TRY-MAN, n. One of the same country. 
[This word seems unnecessary, but is sometimes used in 
England, and often in America. — Ed.] 

FEL'Ld W-€Re AT'URE, n. One of the same race or kind. 

FEL'LoW-FEELTNG, n. 1. Sympathy ; a like feeling. 2. 
Joint interest ; [not in use.] 

FEL'Lo W-HEIR (-ar), n. A co-heir or joint-heir ; one en- 
titled to a share of the same inheritance. 

FEL'LoW-HELP'ER, n. A co-adjutor ; one who concurs 
or aids in the same business. 

FEL'LoW-La'BOR-ER, n. One who labors in the same 
business or_design. 

FEL'LoW-LlKE, ? a. Like a companion ; companionable ; 

FEL'Lo W-LY, 5 on equal terms. — Carew. 

FEL'LoW-MIID'EN, n. A maiden who is an associate. 

FEL'LoW-MEM'BER, n. A member of the same body. 

FEL'LoW-MIN'IS-TER, n. One who officiates in the same 
ministry or calling. — Shak. 

FEL'LOW-PEER, n. One who has the like privileges of 
nobility. — Shak. 

FEL'LoW-PRlS'ON-ER (-priz'zn-er), n. One imprisoned 
in the sameplace. — Rom., xvi. 

FEL'Lo W-RaKE, n. An associate in vice. 

FEL'LoW-SCHOL'AR, n. An associate in studies. 
FEL'LoW-SERV'ANT, n. One who has the same mas- 
ter. 
FEL'Lo W-SoL'DIER, n One who fights under the same 

commander or is engaged in the same service. 
FEL'LoW-STReAM, n. A stream in the vicinity. 



FEL'LoW-STu'DENT, n. One who studies in the same 
company or class with another. 

FEL'LoW-SUB'JECT, n. One who is subject to the same 
government with another. 

FEL'LoW-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who shares in the same 
evil or partakes of the same sufferings with another. 

FEL'LoW-TRAV'EL-ER, n. One who travels hi company 
witb another. 

FEL'LoW-WoRK'ER (-wurk'er), n. One employed in the 
same_ occupation. 

FEL'Lo W-WRlT'ER, n. One who writes at the same time. 
— Addison. 

FEL'LoW-SHIP, n. 1. Companionship ; society; consort, 
mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms , 
familiar intercourse ; intimacy. 2. Association ; confed- 
eracy; combination; [unusual] 3. Partnership; joint in- 
terest, as in suffering. 4. Company ; a state of being to- 
gether. 5. Frequency of intercourse ; familiarity. 6. Fit- 
ness and fondness for festive entertainments : with good 
prefixed. 7. Communion; intimate familiarity. — 8. In 
arithmetic, the rule by which profit or loss is divided among 
those who are to bear it, in proportion to their investments 
or interests in the transaction. 9. An establishment in 
colleges for the maintenance of a fellow. 

FEL'LY, adv. Cruelly ; fiercely ; barbarously. 

FEL'LY, n. [Sax., falge.] The exterior part or rim of a 
wheel, supported by the spokes. 

FE'LO DE Se. [L.] In law, one who commits felony by 
suicide. 

FEL'ON, n. [Fr. felon.] 1. In law, a person who has com- 
mitted felony. 2. A whitlow ; a painful swelling formed 
in the periosteum at the end of the finger. — Syn. Criminal : 
convict; malefactor; culprit. 

FEL'ON, a. 1. Malignant ; fierce ; malicious ; proceeding 
from a depraved heart. 2. Traitorous ; disloyal. 

FEL'ON-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus solanum. 

FE-Lo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Malignant; malicious; indicating or 
proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose ; vil- 
lainous ; traitorous ; perfidious. — 2. In law, proceeding from 
an evil heart or purpose ; done with the deliberate pur- 
pose to commit a crime. 

FE-Lo'Nf-OUS-LY, adv. In a felonious manner; with the 
deliberate intention to commit a crime. 

t FEL'ON-OUS, a. Wicked ; felonious. — Spenser. 

FEL'ON- Y, n. In common law, any crime which incurs the 
forfeiture of lands or goods. All offenses punishable with 
death are felonies ; and so are some crimes not thus pun- 
ished, as suicide, homicide by cbance-medley or in self- 
defense, and petty larceny. 

FEL'SlTE, n. A species of compact feldspar. 

FEL'SPaR, n. See Feldspar. 

FEL-SPATH'I€, a. Pertaining to, or composed of, feldspar. 

FELT, pret. Kadpp. or a. from, feel 

FELT, n. [Sax. felt.] 1. A cloth or stuff made of wool, Gr 
wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance 
by rolling and pressure with lees or size. 2. A hat made 
of wool. 3. Skin. 

FELT, v. t. To make cloth or stuff of wool by fulling. 

FELT'-HAT, n. A hat made of wool. 

FELT'-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make felt 

FELT'ED, pp. or a. Worked into felt. 

FELT'ER, v. t. To clot or meet together like felt 

FELTTNG, n. The process of making felt. 

FELT'ING, ppr. Working into felt. 

FE-LUC'CA, n. [It. feluca.] A boat or vessel, with oars and 
lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. 

FELW6RT, n. A plant, a species of gentian. 

FE'MALE, n. [Fr. femelle.] 1. Among animals, one of that 
sex which conceives and brings forth young. — 2. Among 
plants, that which produces fruit ; that which bears the 
pistil, and receives the pollen of the male flowers. 

FE'MALE, a. 1. Noting the sex which produces young ; 
not male. 2. Pertaining to females ; as, female delicacy 
3. Feminine; soft; delicate; weak. — Female rhymes, double 
rhymes ; [so called from the French, in which language they 
end in e feminine.] 

Fe'MALE-FLOW'ER, n. In botany, a flower which is fur- 
nished with the pistil. 

Fe'MALE-PLANT, n. A plant which produces femalo 
flowers. 

Fe'MALE-SCREW (-skru), n. The spiral-threaded cavity 
into which another screw turns. — Nicholson. 

FEME-G 'OVERT Kiem-kuv'ert), n. [Fr.] A married 

FEMME-€bV'ERT ) woman, who is under covert oi 
her baron or husband. 

FEME-SOLE' ) (fem-sole'), n. [Fr.] An unmarried worn 

FEMME-SOLE' 5 an. — Femme-sole merchant! or trader, 
woman who uses a trade alone, or without her husband. 

FEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The female nature.— Brown. 

t FEM'I-NATE, a. Feminine.— Ford. 

FEM'I-N'lNE, a. [Fr. feminin.] 1. Pertaining to a woman, 
or to women, or to females. 2. Soft ; tender ; delicate 
3. Effeminate ; destitute of manly qualities. Raleigh. — 4 



A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;- MOVE, BOOK 



FEO 



399 



FER 



In grammar, denoting the gender, or words which signify 
females, or the terminations of such words. 

FEM1-NINP2-LY, adv. In a feminine manner. 

FEM'I-NIN-ISM, n. The qualities of females. 

f FE-MIN'I-TY, n. The quality of the female sex. 

f FEM'I-NiZE, v. t. To make womanish. — More. 

FEM'O-RAL, a. [L. femoralis.) Belonging to the thigh. 

FEN, n. [Sax./ew or fenn.) Low land overflowed, or cov- 
ered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, 
coarse grass, or other aquatic plants ; boggy land ; a moor 
or marsh. 

FEN'-BER-RY, n. A kind of blackberry.— Skinner. 

FEN'-BORN, a. Born or produced in a fen. — Milton. 

FEN --CRESS, n. [Sax. fen-cerse.] Cress growing in fena. 

FEN'-€RICK-ET, n. [gryllotalpa.] An insect that digs for 
itself a little hole in the ground. 

FEN'-DUCK, n. A species of wild duck. 

FEN'-FOWL, n. Any fowl that frequents fens. 

FEN'-LAND, n. Marshy land. 

FEN-SUCKED (-sukt), a. Sucked out of marshes.— Shak. 

FENCE (fens), n. 1. A wall, hedge, ditch, bank, or line of 
posts and rails, or of boards or pickets, intended to confine 
beasts from straying, and to guard a field from encroach- 
ment. 2. A guard ; any thing to restrain entrance ; that 
which defends from attack, approach, or injury ; security ; 
defense. 3. Fencing, or the art of fencing; defense. — Shak. 
4. Skill in fencing or defense. Shak. — Ring-fence, one 
which encircles a whole estate. 

FENCE (fens), v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge, wall, or 
any thing that prevents the escape or entrance of cattle ; 
to secure by an inclosure. 2. To guard ; to fortify.— Mitt. 

FENCE, v. i. 1. To practice the art of fencing. 2. To fight 
and defend by giving and avoiding blows or thrusts. 3. 
To raise a fence ; to guard. 

FENCE'-MONTH (-munth), n. The month in which hunt- 
ing in any forest is prohibited. — Bullokar. 

FENCED (fenst), pp. or a. Inclosed with a fence ; guarded ; 
fortified. 

FENCE'FUL (fens'ful), a. Affording defense. 

FENCE'LESS (fensles), a. 1. Without a fence ; uninclosed ; 
unguarded. 2. Open ; not inclosed. — Rowe. 

FENCER, n. One who fences ; one who teaches or prac- 
tices the art of fencing with sword or foil. 

FEN'CI-BLE, a. Capable of defense.— Addison. 

FEN'CI-BLES (-biz), n. pi. Soldiers enlisted for the defense 
of the country, but not liable to be sent abroad. 

FENCING, p^r. Inclosing with fence ; guarding; fortifying. 

FENCING, n. 1. The art of using skillfully a sword or foil 
in attack or defense. 2. The materials of fences for farms ; 
[New England.] 

FENCING-MaS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of at- 
tack and defense with sword or foil. 

FENCING-SCHOOL, n. A school in which the art of 
fencing is taught. 

FEND, v. t. To keep off; to prevent from entering ; to ward 
off; to shut out; usually followed by off. 

FEND. v. i. To act in opposition ; to resist ; to parry ; to 
shift off. — Locke. 

FEND'ED, pp. Kept off; warded off ; shutout. 

FEND'ER, n. 1. That which defends ; a utensil employed 
to hinder coals of fire from rolling forward to the floor. 
2. A piece of timber, mass of old ropes, or other thing 
hung over the side of a vessel to keep it from being in- 
jured by collision. 

FEND'ING, ppr. Keeping or warding off. 

t FEN'ER-aTE, v. i. [L. fcenero.] To put to use ; to lend 
on interest. 

FEN-ER-a'TION, n. The act of lending on use ; or the in- 
terest or gain of that which is lent. 

FE-NES'TRAL, a. [L. fenestrates.] Pertaining to a window. 
— Nicholson. 

FE-NES'TRITE, a. An epithet applied to transparent spots 
on the wings of some insects. 

FEN'NEL, n. [Sax. fenol.] A plant much cultivated for the 
agreeable aromatic flavor of its seeds and finely-divided 
leaves. 

FEN'NEL-FLOW'ER, n. A plant of the genus nigella. 

FEN'NY, a. 1. Boggy ; marshy ; moorish. 2. Growing in 
fens.— Prior. 3. Inhabiting marshy ground. — Shak. 

FEN'NY-SToNES, n. A plant. 

t FEN'o WED, a. Corrupted ; decayed. 

FEN'U-GREEK, n. [L. fcenum gracum.] A plant allied to 
clover, and sometimes cultivated for its seeds, which are 
used by farriers in cataplasms and fermentations. 
FEOD (liide), n. A feud. So written by Blackstone and 
other authors ; but more generally feud, which see. 

FEO'DAL (fu'dal), a. Feudal, which see. 

FEO-DAL'I-TY (fu-dal'e-ty), n. Feudal tenures ; the feudal 

system. 
FEO'DA-RY (fu'da-ry), n. One who holds lands of a supe- 
rior, on condition of suit and service. [Rare.] See Feu- 
datory. 
FEO'DA-TO-RY (fu'da-to-ry). See Feudatory. 



* FEOFF (feff ), v. t. [Norm, feffre.] To invest with a fee or 
feud ; to give or grant to one any corporeal hereditament 
The compound infeoffia more generally used. 

* FEOFF, n. A fief. See Fief. 

* FEOF-FEE' (fef-feeO, n. A person who is infeoffed, that 
is, invested with a fee or corporeal hereditament 

* FFOF'FO 7 ^ ) 

* FEOF'FER \ ^'efi'-), n - ^ne W ^° iafeoffs or grants a fee. 
FEOFF'MENT (feff 'ment), n. [Law L. feoffamentum.] The 

gift or grant of a fee or corporeal hereditament, as land, 
honors, or other immovable things. 

FE-Ra'CIOUS (fe-ra'shus), a. [L.ferax.] Fruitful; produc- 
ing abundantly. — Thomson. 

FE-RACI-TY, n. [L.feracitas.] Fruitfulness. 

FE'RjE NA-TU'RM. [L.] Wild; not tamed or not tamable. 

Fe'RAL, a. [L.feralis.] Funereal; mournful. 

IFeRE, n. [Sax. fera.] A mate or companion, either male 
or female. 

FER'E-TO-RY, n. [L. feretrum.] A place in a church for 
a bier. 

FER'GU-SON-lTE, n. A brownish-black ore, consisting of 
columbic acid and yttria, with some oxyd of cerium and 
zirconia. 

Fe'RI-AL, a. [L. ferialis.] Pertaining to holidays.-— iZic/iard- 
son's Dictionary. 

FE-RI-A'TION, n. [L. feriatio.] The act of keeping holi- 
day ; cessation from work. 

t Fe'RIE (f e're), n. A holiday. 

FeUiNE, a. [L.'feHnus.] Wild; untamed; savage. 

Fe'RINE-LY, adv. In the manner of wild beasts. 

Fe'RINE-NESS, n. Wildness ; savageness. — Hale. 

FER'I-TY, n. [L. feritas.] Wildness ; savageness ; cruelty. 
— Woodward. 

t FERM, n. A farm or rent ; a lodging-house. Sec Farm. 

FERMENT, n. [L. fermentum.] 1. A gentle boiling ; or the 
internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid ; [rarely 
used. See Fermentation.] 2. Intestine motion ; heat; 
tumult ; agitation. 3. That which causes fermentation. 
as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer. 

FER-MENT, v. t. [L. fermento.] To set in motion ; to ex- 
cite internal motion ; to heat ; to raise by intestine motion. 

FER-MENT, v. i. To work ; to effervesce ; to be in mo- 
tion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion. 

FER-MENT- A-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being fermented. 

FER-MENT'A-BLE, a. Capable of fermentation. 

FER-MENTAL, a. Having the power to cause fermenta- 
tion. — Brown. 

FER-MENT- A'TION, n. [L. fermentatio.] The sensible in- 
ternal motion of the constituent particles of animal and 
vegetable substances, occasioned by a certain degree of 
heat and moisture, and accompanied by an extrication of 
gas and heat. It is of three principal kinds, vinous, acetous, 
and putrefactive. The term is also applied to other proc- 
esses, as the panary fermentation, or the raising of bread. 

FER-MENT'A-TIVE, a. 1. Causing, or having power to 
cause, fermentation. 2. Consisting in fermentation. 

FER-MENTA-TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being ferment- 
ative. 

FER-MENT'ED, pp. or a. Worked ; having undergone the 
process of fermentation. 

FER-MENT'ING, ppr. or a. Working ; effervescing. 

FER'MIL-LET, n. [Old Fr. fermaillet.] A buckle or clasp. 

FERN, n. [Sax. fearn.] The popular name of the order of 
cryptogamic plants called filiccs, which have their repro- 
ductive organs inserted on the back surface of the frond 
or leaf. Ferns delight in a humid soil, and often grow 
parasitically on trees. — Loudon. — Partington. 

FERN'-OWL, n. The European goatsucker, or night-jar 

FERN'TI-CLES (-klz), n. pi. Freckles on the skin, resem 
bling the seeds of the fern. [Little used.] 

FERNT, a. Abounding or overgrown with fern. — Barret. 

FE-Ro'CIOUS (fe-ro'shus), a. [Fr. feroce ; L. ferox.] L 
Fierce ; savage ; wild ; indicating cruelty, as the features. 
2. Ravenous ; rapacious, as beasts. 3. Fierce ; barbarous , 
cruel, as men. 

FE-Ro'CIOUS-LY, adv. Fiercely ; with savage cruelty. 

FE-Ro'CIOUS-NESS, n. Savage fierceness; cruelty; fe- 
rocity. 

FE-ROCI-TY, n. [L. ferocitas.] 1. Savage wildness or 
fierceness ; fury ; cruelty. 2. Fierceness indicating » 
savage heart. 

FER'RE-OUS, a. [L. ferreus.] Partaking of iron ; pertain 
ing to iron; like iron ; made of iron. — Brown. 

FERRET, n. [D. vret; Fr. furet.] 1. An animal allied to 
the polecat and weasel, employed in unearthing rabits, or 
driving them out of their holes. 2. A kind of narrow 
tape made of woolen, sometimes of cctton or silk. — 3. 
Among glass-makers, an iron used to make the rings at 
the mouths of bottles. 

FERRET, v. t. To drive out of a lurking-place. 
FERRET-ED, pp. Driven from a lurking-place. 
FER'RET-ER, n. One who hunts another in his private 
retreat. 



D£>VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, WCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, t Obsolete 



FES 



400 



FET 



.?ER'RET-ING, ppr. Driving from a lurking-place. 
FER-RETTO, n. Copper calcined with brimstone or white 
vitriol, used to color glass. — Hebert. 

FER'RI-AgE, n. The fare to be paid at a ferry. 

FERRIC, a. Pertaining to or extracted from iron. — La- 
voisier. 

FER-RI-CAL'ClTE, n. [L. ferrum and calx.] A species of 
calcareous earth having much iron in it. 

FERRIED (fer'rid), pp. Carried over in a boat. 

FER-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ferrum and /era] Producing or 
yieidingiron. — Phillips. 

FER'RI-LiTE, n. [L. ferrum, and Gr. XiBo ?.] Rowley ragg ; 
a variety of trap, with oxyd of iron in it. 

FER-RO-CY'AN-ATE, n. A compound of the ferro-cyanic 
acid with a base. 

FER.-RO-CY-AN'I€, a. [L. ferrum and cyanic] Ferro-cyanic 
acid, proto-cyanid of iron. 

FER-RO-CY'AN-ID, n. A compound of proto-cyanid of iron 
with some other cyanid. 

FER-R€'gI-NaTED, a. Having the color or properties of 
the rust of iron. 

p'ER-Ru'Gl-NOUS, a. [L. ferrugo.] 1. Partaking of iron ; 
containing particles of iron. 2. Of the color of the rust 
or oxyd of iron. — Ferrugineous is less used. 

FERRULE (fer'ril or fer'rule), n. [Sp. birola.] A ring of 
metal put round a cane or other thing to strengthen it. 

FER-RU-MLN-a'TION, n. [L.] The soldering or uniting of 
metals. 

FER'RY v. t. [Sax. feran, ferian.] To carry or transport 
over a river, strait, or other water, in a boat. 

FER'RY, v. i. To pass over water in a boat. — Milton. 

F'ER'RY, n. 1. A boat or small vessel in which passengers 
and goods are conveyed over rivers or other narrow wa- 
ters ; sometimes called a wherry ; [obs., at least in Amer- 
ica.] 2. The place of passage where boats pass over water 
to convey passengers. 3. The right of transporting pass- 
engers over a lake or stream. 

FER'RY-BoAT, n. A boat for conveying passengers over 
streams and other narrow waters. 

FER'RY-MAN, n. One who keeps a ferry, and transports 
passengers over a river. 

FER'RY-ING, ppr. Carrying over in a boat. 

FERTILE, a. [Fr. fertile.] 1. Fruitful ; rich ; producing 
fruit in abundance : with in ; as, a land fen-tile in wheat. 2. 
Rich ; having abundant resources ; prolific ; productive ; 
inventive ; able to produce abundantly ; as, a fertile ge- 
nius. 

FERTILE-LY, adv. Fruitfully ; abundantly. 

FERTILE-NESS. See Fertility. 

FER-TIL'I-TY, n. [L. fertilitas.] 1. The quality of producing 
fruit in abundance. 2. Abundant resources ; fertile in- 
vention. — Syn. Fruitfulness ; productiveness ; fecundity ; 
richness. 

FER'TIL-IZE, v. t. To enrich ; to supply with the pabu- 
lum of plants ; to make fruitful or productive. 

FERTILIZED, pp. Enriched ; rendered fruitful. 

FERTIL-IZ-ING, ppr. 1. Enriching ; making fruitful or 
productive. 2. a. Enriching ; furnishing the nutriment 
of plants. 

FER-U-LI'CEOUS, a. [L. ferulaJ Pertaining to reeds or 
canes ; having a stalk like a reed. 

FERULE (fer'ril or fer'rule), n. [L. ferula.] 1. A little 
wooden pallet or slice, used to punish children in school, 
by striking them on the palm of the hand. [Ferular is not 
used.] 2. Under the Eastern Empire, the ferula was the 
emperor's sceptre. 

FERULE (fer'ril or fer'rule), v. t. To punish with a ferule. 

FERULED, pp. Punished with a ferule. 

FER'UL-ING, ppr. Punishing with a ferule. 

FER'VEN-CY, n. 1. Heat of mind ; ardor ; eagerness. 2. 
Pious ardor ; animated zeal ; warmth of devotion. 

FERVENT, a. [L. fervens-.] 1. Hot ; boiling.— Spenser. 2. 
Hot in temper ; vehement. —Hooker. 3. Ardent ; very 
warm ; earnest ; excited ; animated ; glowing. 

FER'VENT-LY, adv. 1. Earnestly ; eagerly ; vehemently ; 
with great warmth. 2. With pious ardor ; with earnest 
zeal ; ardently. 

FER'VENT-NESS, n. Fervency; ardor; zeal.— Bate. 

FER-VES'CENT, a. Growing hot. 

FER'VID, a. [L. fervidus.] 1. Very hot ; burning ; boiling. 
2. Very warm in zeal ; vehement ; eager ; earnest. 

FER'VID-LY, adv. Very hotly ; with glowing warmth. 

FER'VID-NESS, n. Glowing heat; ardor of mind ; warm 
zeal. 

FER'VOR, n. [L. fervor.] 1. Heat or warmth. 2. Heat of 
mind ; ardor; warm or animated zeal and earnestness. 

FES'CEN-NlNE, a. Pertaining to Fescennium, in Italy ; li- 
centious ; as, Fesccnnine verses. — Kennet. 

FES'CEN-NlNE, n. A nuptial song, or a licentious song. 

FES'CuE, n. [Fr. fetu.] A small "wire used to point out 
letters to children, when learning to read. 

FES'CuE, v. t. To assist in reading by a fescue.— Smart. 

FES'CUE-GRASS, n. The popular name of the festuca, a 



genus of grasses containing several species of importance 
in agriculture. 

FES'F^LS, n. A kind of base grain.— May. 

FESSE (fes), n. [L. fascia.] In heraldry, a band or girdla, 
possessing the third part of the escutcheon ; one of the 
nine honorable ordinaries. 

FESSE'-POINT, n. The exact center of the escutcheon. 

FES'SITUDE, n. [L.] Weariness. 

FES'TAL, a. [L. festus.] 1. Pertaining to a feast ; joyous ; 
gay ; mirthful. — Chesterfield. 

FES'TAL-LY, adv. In a joyous or festive manner. 

FESTER, v. i. [qu. L. pestis, pus, or pustula.] To rankle , 
to corrupt ; to grow virulent. 

FESTER-ING. ppr. or a. Rankling ; growing virulent 

FESTER-MENT, n. A festering.— Chalmers. 

t FESTI-NATE, a. [L. festinatus.] Hasty; hurried. 

t FESTI-NATE-LY, adv. Hastily.— Shak. 

t FESTI-Na'TION, n. Haste. 

FESTI-VAL, a. [L. festivus.] Pertaining to a feast ; joy- 
ous ; mirthful. — Atterbury. 

FESTI-VAL, n. The time of feasting ; an anniversary day 
of joy, civil or religious. 

FESTIVE, a. [L. festivus.] Pertaining to or becoming a 
feast ; joyous ; gay ; mirthful. 

FESTlVE-LY, adv. In a festive manner. 

FESTIVITY, n. [L. festivitas.] 1. Primarily, the mirth oi 
a feast ; hence, joyfulness ; gayety ; social joy or exhila- 
ration of spirits at an entertainment. — Taylor. 2. A festi- 
val. — Brown; [obs.] 

FESTIV-OUS, a. Pertaining to a feast ; joyous. 

FES-TOON', n. [Fr. feston.] Something in imitation of a 
garland or wreath. — In architecture and sculpture, an orna- 
ment of carved work in the form of a wreath of flowers, 
fruits, and leaves, intermixed or twisted together. 

FES-TOON', v. t. To form in festoons, or to adorn with 
festoons. 

FESTOONED' (fes-toond'), pp. or a. Made into festoons, or 
adorned with them. 

FES-TOON'ING, ppr. Making into festoons, or adorning 
with them. 

FESTU-CINE, a. [L. festuca.] Being of a straw color. 

FESTU-COUS, a. Formed of straw.— Brown. 

t FET, n. [Fr. fait.] A piece. 

t FET, v. t. or i. To fetch ; to come to. — Tusser. 

Fe'TAL, a. [from fettis.] Pertaining to a fetus. 

FETCH, v. t. [Sax. feccan, or feccean.] 1. To go and bring, 
or, simply, to bring. 2. To derive ; to draw, as from a 
source ; [not common nor elegant.] 3. To strike at a dis- 
tance ; [not used.] 4. To bring back ; to recall ; t<-> bring 
to any state ; [not used.] 5. To bring or draw 6. To 
make ; to perform. — Shak. 7. To draw ; to heave, as h 
sigh. 8. To reach ; to attain or come to ; to arrive at,— 
Chapman. 9. To bring ; to obtain as its price. — To fetch 
out, to bring or draw out ; to cause to appear. — To fetch 
to, to restore ; to revive, as from a swoon. — To fetch up, tc 
bring up ; to cause to come up or forth. — To fetch a pump. 
to pour water into it to make it draw water. 

FETCH, v. i. 1. To move or turn. — Shak. 2. Among sea- 
men, to reach or attain ; as, to fetch to windward. — 
Totten. 

FETCH, n. A stratagem, by which a thing is indirectly 
brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended 
and another is done ; a trick ; an artifice. 

FETCH'ER, n. One that brings. 

FETCHING, ppr. Bringing ; going and bringing ; deriving ; 
drawing ; reaching ; obtaining as price. 

FETE (fate), n. [Fr.] A festival, holyday, or celebration of 
some day. 

FETE-cHAM-PETRE (fat-sham-pafr), n. A festival or 
entertainment in the open air. 

Fe'TIcH (fe'tish), n. An object selected temporarily for 
worship, as a tree, stone, &c. See Fetichism. 

FET'I-OHISM, )n. The worship of idols among the ne- 

FET'1-CISM, $ groes of Africa, among whom fetich is an 

idol. The temporary worship, among the African ne 

groes, of any material object which their fancy may select, 

as a tree, stone, animal, Sec. 

* FET'ID, a. [L. fatidus.] Having an offensive smell ; hav 

ing a strong or rancid scent. 
FET'ID-NESS, n. The quality of smelling offensively ; 3 

fetid quality. 
FETIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. faztifer.] Producing young, as ani 

mals. 
FETLOCK, n. The part of the leg where a tuft of hah 

jrrows behind the pastern joint of horses. 
Fe'TOR, n. [L. fastor.] Any strong, offensive smell , stench. 

— Arbutlmot. 
FETTER, n. [Sax. fetor.] 1. A chain for the feet. 2. Any 

thing that confines or restrains from motion. 
FETTER, v. t. 1. To put on fetters ; to shackle or confine 
the feet with a chain. 2. To bind ; to enchain ; to confine ; 
to restrain motion ; to impose restraints on. 
FETTERED, pp. or a. Bound or confined by fetters.— In 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, Sec, long.— I, e, 1, Sec, short.— FaR. FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE BOOR. 



FIA 



401 



FID 



toology, applied to the feet of animals when they are 
stretched backward, and appear unfit for walking. 

FETTER-ING, ppr. Binding- or fastening by the feet with 
a chain ; confining ; restraining motion. 

FETTER-LESS, a. Free from fetters or restraint. 

FETTLE, v. t. 1. To repair ; to mend.— Ckesh. Gloss. 2. To 
do trifling business. — Bishop Hall. 

FETTSTElN, to. [Ger.] A mineral, called, also, elaolUe. 

■^E'TUS, to. ; pi. Fetuses. [L. foztus.] The young of vivip- 
arous animals in the womb, and of oviparous animals in 
the egg, after it is perfectly formed ; before which time 
it is called embryo. 
FEu, to. [Sax. feoh.] A fee, or feudal tenure. 

FEuD, to. [Sax. fcehth or fczgth.] 1. Primarily, a deadly 
quarrel ; hatred or contention, to be terminated only by 
death. 2. A contention or quarrel ; particularly, an in- 
veterate quarrel between families or parties in a state. — 
Syn. Affray ; fray ; broil ; contest ; dispute ; strife. 

FEuD, to. [Feud, and fee, which is a contraction of it, is a 
word formed from the L. fides, It fede, Sp./e, Norm./«, 
faith, trust, with had, state, or tad or odh, estate; and a 
feud is an estate in trust.] A fief; a fee ; a right to lands 
or hereditaments held in trust, or on the terms of perform- 
ing certain conditions, as military service, &c. 

FEUDAL, a. 1. Pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or fees. 2. Con- 
sisting of feuds or fiefs ; embracing tenures by military 
services. 

f FEUDAL, to. Something held by tenure. 

FEuDAL-ISM, to. The feudal system: the principles and 
constitution of feuds or lands held by military services. 

FEuD-AL'1-TY, to. The state or quality of being feudal ; 
feudal form or constitution. — Burke. 

FEuD-AL-I-ZX'TION, to. The act of reducing to feudal 
tenure. 

FEuDAL-lZE. v. t. To reduce to a feudal tenure. 

FEuDAL-lZ-ED, pp. Reduced to feudal tenu?-e. 

FEuDAL-iZ-INQ) ppr. Reducing to a feudal form. 

FEuDA-RY, a. Holding land of a superior. 

FEuD'A-TA-RY, ». A feudatory, which see. 

FEuD'A-TO-RY, to. [Sp. feudatoric] A tenant or vassal 
who holds his lands of a superior, on condition of military 
service ; the tenant of a feud or fief. — Blackstone. 

FEU DE JOIE (fu'-de-zhwfT). [Fr. fire of joy.] A French 
phrase for a bonfire, or a firing of guns in token of joy. 

FEUDIST, to. A writer on feuds. — Spelman. 

FEUIL'LAGE (ful'yazh), to. [Fr.] A bunch or row of 

FE 5TLLE-MORT (fu'il-mort), to, [Fr.] The color of a feded 
leaf. 

t FEu'TER, v. t. To make ready.— Spenser. 

t FEu'TER-ER, to. A dog-keeper.— Massenger. 

Fe'VER, to. [Fr. fievre.] 1. A disease, characterized by an 
accelerated pulse, with increase of heat, impaired func- 
tions, diminished strength, and often with preternatural 
thirst. 2. Heat; agitation; excitement by any thing that 
strongly affects the passions. 

FE'VER, v. t. To put in a fever.— Dryd en. 

FE'VER-COOL-ING, a. Allaying febrile heat 

FE'VER-ROOT, n. A plant of the genus triosteum. 

P'E'VER-SI_€K, a. [Sax. fefer-seoc] Diseased with fever. 

FE'VER-SoRE, n. The popular name of a carious ulcer ci- 
ne c ro sis. — Miner. 

Fe'VER-WeAK'jEN-ED, v. Debilitated by fever. 

Fe'VER-WEED, n. A plant of the genus eryngium. 

Fe'VER-WoRT. See Fever-root. 

t Fe'VER-ET, n. A slight fever.— Jyliffe. 

Fe'VER-FEW (-fu), to. [Sax. fef erf u#e.] A plant allied to 
chamomile, and used in fevers and some other diseases. 

Fe'VER-ISH, a. 1. Having a slight fever. 2. Diseased with 
fever or heat. 3. Uncertain ; inconstant ; fickle ; now hot, 
now cold. 4. Hot ; sultry ; burning. 

Fe'VER-ISH-LY, adv. In a feverish manner. 

Fe'VER-ISH-NESS, to. The state of being feverish ; a slight 
febrile affection. 

Fe'VER-LY, a. Like a fever. 

Fe'VER-OUS, a. 1. Affected with fever or ague. 2. Hav- 
ing the nature of fever. 3. Having a tendency to produce 
fever. [A word little used.] 

Fe'VER-OU3-LY, adv. In a feverish manner. 

FE'VER- Y, a. Affected with fever. — Ben Jonson. 

FEW (fu), a. [Sax. fea, or feawa.] Not many ; small in 
number. 

FEW'EL (fu'el), to. Combustible matter. See Fuel. 

FEW'EL, v. t. To feed with fewel.— Co wley. 

FEWNESS, to. 1. Smallness of number : paucity. 2. Pau- 
city of words ; brevity. — Shah. ,- [obs.] 

FEY (fa), v. i. [D. veegen.] To cleanse a ditch from mud. — 
Tusser. 

FEY.ED (fade), pp. Cleansed from mud; applied to a ditch. 

FE Y'liN G, ppr. Cleansing a ditch from mud. 

FT-X-GRE (fe-a/kr), to. [Fr.] A French hackney-coach. 

FIANCE, v. t. To betroth. See Affiance. 

FI'ARS (fe'arz), to. pi. The price of grain, as fixed in the 



counties of Scotland by the respective sheriffs and a jury 
_ — Jamieson. 

Fl'AT. [L. from, fio, let it be done.] A decree; a command 
to do something. 

FIB, to. A lie or falsehood. [A word used among children.] 

FIB, v. i. To he ; to 6peak falsely. 

FIB'BER, to. One who tells lies or fibs. 

FIBTdNG, ppr. Telling fibs ; as a noun, the telling of fibs. 

Fl'BER, 1 to. [Fr. fibre.] 1. A thread ; a fine, slender body 

Fl'BRE, I which constitutes a part of the frame of animal6. 
2. A filament of slender thread in plants or minerals ; the 
small, slender root of a plant. 3. Any fine, slender thread. 

Fl'BER J5D, ? „ . fi . „ 

FI'BR£D, \ a - Ha ™g fiDres - 

Fl'BER-LESS, ? „ „„ . „ fi , „ 

FI'BRE-LESS; \ a ' Havm = n0 fibres " 

Fl'BRIL, to. [Fr. fibrille.] A smaU fibre ; the branch of a 
fibre ; a very slender thread. — Cheyne. 

FI-BRIL'LOUS, a. Pertaining to fibres.— Dr. Kinnier. 

Fl'BRIN, 71. A peculiar organic compound substance found 
in animals and vegetables. It is contained in the clot of 
coagulated blood, and constitutes muscular fibre. 

Fl'BRIN-OUS, a. Having or partaking of fibrin. 

FIB'RO-LlTE, to. A fibrous mineral from the Carnatic, sup- 
posed to be identical with buchohite. An American min- 
eral, so called, is nothing but kyanite. — Dana. 

Fl'BROUS, a. 1. Composed or consisting of fibres. 2. Con- 
taining fibres. — In mineralogy, a fibrous fracture is that 
which presents fine threads or slender lines. 

FIB'U-LA, to. [L.] 1. The outer and lesser bone of the leg. 
— Quincy. 2. A clasp or buckle. 

FICK'LE (fikl), a. [Sax. ficol] 1. Of a changeable mind, 
not firm in appearance or purpose. 2. Not fixed or firm ; 
liable to change or vicissitude. Milton. — Syn. Wavering ; 
irresolute ; unsettled; vacillating; unstable; inconstant; 
unsteady ; variable ; mutable ; changeful ; capricious. 

FICK'LE-NESS, to. 1, A wavering; wavering disposition, 
inconstancy ; instability ; unsteadiness in opinion or pur- 
pose. 2. Instability ; changeableness, as of fortune. 

FICK'LY, adv. Without firmness or steadiness. 

Fl'CO (feTto), to. [It.] An act of contempt by placing the 
thumb between two of the fingers, expressing a fig for yon . 

FICTILE, a. [L.fictilis.] Molded into form by art; manu- 
factured by the potter. 

FICTION, to. [L.fictio.] 1. The act of feigning, inventing 
or imagining. 2. That which is feigned, invented, pi 
imagined. — 3. Fiction, in law, an assumption made of what 
is not literally true, for the sake of passing more rapidly 
over those parts of the subject which are not disputed, 
and arriving at the points really at issue. Encyc. Amer 
Syn. Fabrication ; invention ; fable ; falsehood. 

FICTION-IST, to. A writer of fiction.— West. Rev. 

t FICTIOUS, for fictitious. 

FIC-TFTIOUS (fik-tish'us), a. [L. fictitius.] 1. Feigned ; 
imaginary ; not real. 2. Counterfeit ; false ; not genuine. 

FI€-Tf"TIOU8-LY, adv. By fiction ; falsely ; counterfeitJy. 

FI€-Tl"TIOUS-NESS, to. Feigned representation. 

tFICTIVE, a. Feigned. 

FICTOR, to. [L.] An artist who models statues and reliefs 
in clay. — Elmes. 

FID, to. 1. A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder 
at on.e end, used to support the top-mast. 2. A pin of hard 
wood or iron, tapering to a point, used to open the strands 
of a rope in splicing. 

FIDT)LE (fid'dl), to. [G.fiedel] A stringed instrument of 
music : a violin. 

FID'DLE, v. i. 1. To play on a fiddle or violin. 2. To trifle ; 
to shift the hands often and do nothing, like a fellow that 
plays on a fiddle. 

FID'DLE. v. t. To play a tune on a fiddle. 

FIDTJLE-F ADDLE, to, A trifle ; trifling talk. [Low.] 

FID'DLE-FADT)LE, a. Trifling; making a bustle about 
nothing. [Vulgar.] 

FIDTJLE-STICK, to. The bow and string with which a 
fiddler plays on a violin. 

FID'DLE-STRING, to. The string of a fiddle. 

FID'DLE-WOOD, to. A plant of the genus citharexylon. 

FIDT)LER, n. ' One who plays on a fiddle or violin. 

FID'DLING, ppr. or a. Playing on a fiddle ; trifling. — Swift 

FIDDLING, to. The act of playing on a fiddle. 

Fl-DE-JUS'SION (-jush'un), to. [h. fidejussio.] Suretyship 
_the act of being bound for another. — Farindon. 

Fl-DE- JUS'SOR, n. [L.] A surety ; one bound for another. 
— Blackstone. 

FI-DEL1-TY, to. [L. fidelitas.] 1. Careful and exact ob- 
servance of duty, or performance of obligations. 2. Firm 
adherence to a person or party with which one is united, 
or to which one is bound. 3. Observance of the marriage 
covenant. 4. Veracity; adherence to truth ; as, fidelity in 
a witness. Hooker. — Syn. Faithfulness; honesty; integ- 
rity; faith; loyalty. 

FIDgE, ? v. i. To move one way and the other ; to move 

FIDg'ET, S irregularly, or in fits and starts. [A low word ] 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G aa J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 
Co 



FIE 



402 



FIG 



FfDfi'ET, n. Ii:regiilar motion ; restlessness. [ Vulgar.] 

FID6'ET-Y, a. Restless ; uneasy. [ Vulgar.} 

FI-DU'CIAL (fe-du'shal), a. [L. Jiducia.] 1. Confident; un- 
doubting ; firm. 2. Having the nature of a trust, as power. 

FI-DO'CIAL-LY, adv. With confidence.— South. 

FI-Du'CIA-RY, a [L. fiduciaries.] 1. Confident; steady; 
undoubting ; u lwavering ; firm. 2. Not to be doubted ; 
as, fiduciary obedience. 3. Held in trust. 

FI-DO'CIA-RY, n. 1. One who holds a thing in trust; a 
trustee. 2. One who depends on faith for salvation, with- 
out works ; an antinomian — Hammond. 

FIE (fi). An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. 

FIEF (feef), n. [Yr.fief.] A fee ; a"feud; an estate held of 
a superior on condition of military service. 

FIELD (feeld), n. [Sax. field; G. field; D. veld.] 1. Apiece 
of land inclosed for tillage or pasture. 2. Ground not in- 
closed. 3. The ground where a battle is fought. 4. A 
battle ; action in the field.— 5. To keep the field, is to keep 
the campaign open ; to live in tents, or to be in a state of 
active operations. 6. A wide expanse. — Pope. 7. Open 
space for action or operation ; compass ; extent ; as, a 
field for investigation. 8. A piece or tract of land. 9. The 
ground or blank space on which figures are drawn. — 10. In 
heraldry, the whole surface of the shield, or the continent. 
— 11. In Scripture, field often signifies the open country, 
ground not inclosed. — 12. A field of ice, a large body of 
floating ice. — 13. Field of view, in a telescope or microscope, 
is the space within which objects are visible when the in- 
strument is adjusted to its focus. — Brande. 

FIELD'-BAS-IL, n. A name given to various plants. 

FlELD'-BED, n. A bed contrived for carrying into the 
field.— Shak. 

FlELD'-BOOK, n. A book used in surveying, in which are 
set down the angles, stations, distances, &c. 

FIELD'-COL-ORS, n. pi. In war, small flags, used to mark 
out the ground for the squadrons and battalions. 

FIeLD'-DaY, n. A day when troops are drawn out for in- 
struction in field exercises and evolutions. 

FIeLD'-DU€K, n. A species of bustard. 

FIeLD'-MaR'SHAL, n. The commander of an army ; a 
military officer of the highest rank but one in England and 
s_ome other countries. 

FIeLD'-MOUSE, n. A name given to several species of mice 
that live in the field, burrowing in banks. &c. — Mortimer. 

FIELD'-OF'FI-CER. n. A military officer of the rank of 
major, lieutenant-colonel, or colonel ; all of higher rank 
are general officers. 

FIeLD'-PIeCE, n. A small cannon which is carried along 
with armies, and used in the field of battle. 

FIELD -PRE ACH'ER, n. One who preaches in the open 
air. — Lavington. 

FIeLD'-PReACH'ING, n, A preaching in the field or open 
air. — War burton. 

\ FIeLD'-ROOM, n. Open space. — Drayton? 

FIELD'-SPoRTS, n. pi. Diversions of the field, as shooting 
and hunting. — Chesterfield. 

FIeLD'-STaFF, n. A weapon carried by gunners. 

FIeLD'-VoLE, n. The short-tailed field-mouse. — Brande. 

FlELD'-WoRKS (-wurks). n. pi. In the military art, works 
thrown up in besieging or defending a place. 

FIeLD'ED, a. Being in the field of battle ; encamped. — Shak. 

FIeLD'FaRE, re. A bird of the thrush tribe, found in Great 
Britain during the winter. 

t FlELDT, a. Open like a field.— Wickliffe. 

FlEND(feend),». [Sax./eond.] An enemy in the worst sense; 
an implacable or malicious foe ; the devil ; an infernal being. 

FIeND'-FRaY-ING, a. Terrifying fiends.— More. 

FIeND'-HEaRT-ED, a. Having the heart of a fiend. 

FIeND'-LiKE, a. Resembling a fiend ; maliciously wicked; 
diabolical. 

FlEND'FUL, a. Full of evil or malignant practices. 

FIeND'FUL-LY, adv. In a fiend-like manner. 

FlEND'ISH, a. Like a fiend; malicious. 

FIEND'ISH-NESS, n. Maliciousness. 

* FIERCE (fers), a. [Fr. Tier.] 1. Vehement; violent; furi- 
ous ; rushing ; impetuous ; as, fierce winds. 2. Savage ; 
ravenous ; easily enraged. 3. Vehement in rage ; eager 
for mischief. 4. Violent ; outrageous ; not to be restrain- 
ed, as anger. 5. Passionate; angry; furious. 6. Wild; 
staring ; ferocious ; as, a fierce look. 7. Very eager ; 
ardent ; vehement ; as, to be fierce for a thing. 

* FIERCE'-MIND'ED, a. Vehement; of a furious temper. 

* FlERCE'LY (fersly), adv. 1. Violently ; furiously ; with 
rage. 2. With a wild aspect. 

* FlERCE'NESS (fers'nes). n. 1. Ferocity ; savageness. 2. 
Eagerness for blood ; fury. 3. Quickness to attack ; keen- 
ness hi anger and resentment. 4. Violence ; outrageous 
passion. 5. Vehemence; fury; impetuosity. 

FTE-Rl FA CI- AS (f i'e-rl-ia'she-as), n. [L.] In law, a writ of 
execution requiring a sheriff" to levy in behalf of one who 
has recovered in debt or damages. 

FTER-I-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being fiery ; heat ; acri- 
mony 2. Heat of temper ; irritability. 



Fl'ER-Y, a. 1. Consisting c f fire. 2. Hot like fire. 3. Ve- 
hement; ardent; very active; impetuous. 4. Passionate, 
easily provoked ; irritable. 5. Unrestrained ; fierce. C 
_Heated by fire. — Hooker. 7. Like fire ; bright ; glaring. 

FIFE, n. [Fr. fifire.] A small pipe, used as a wind instru 
ment, chiefly in martial music with drums. 

FIFE, v. i. To play on a fife. 

FiFE'-Ma-JOR, n. The chief or superintendent of tiw 
fifers of a regiment. — Booth. 

FlF'ER, n. One who plays on a fife. 

FIFTEEN, a. [Sax. fiftyn'.] Five and ton. 

FIFTEENTH, a. [Sax. fiftyntha.] 1. The ordinal of fifteen, 
the fifth after the tenth. 2. Containing one part in fifteen. 

FIFTEENTH, n. 1. A fifteenth part. 2. An ancient tax laid 
on towns boroughs, &c, in England, being one fifteenth 
part of what each town, &c, had been valued at, or it was 
a fifteenth of each man's personal estate. — 3. In music, the 
double octave. 

FIFTH, a. [Sax. fifita.] 1. The ordinal of five ; the next to 
the fourth. — 2. Elliptically, or as a noun, a fifth part. 

FIFTH, n. In music, an interval of three tones and a semitone. 

FIFTH-MON'AR€H-Y-MEN, n. pi. A fanatical sect in En- 
gland, who expected a fifth great monarchy, during which 
Christ should reign on earth a thousand years, and. consid- 
ered the government of Cromwell as its commencement. — 
Brande. 

FIFTHLY, adv. In the fifth place. 

FIFTI-ETH, a. [Sax. fifiteogetha.] The ordinal of fifty. Used 
elliptically, or as a noun, a fifteenth part. 

FIFTY, a. [Sax. fij tig.] Five tens ; five times ten. It may 
be used as a noun in the plural. 

FIG, n. [L. ficus ; Sp. figoA 1. The fruit of the fig-tree, 
much used for food. 2. I he fig-tree. 

FIG, v. t. 1. To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions 
of the fingers ; [little used.] 2. To put something useless 
into one's head ; [not used.] 

FIG, v. i. [Su. Goth, fika.] To move suddenly or quickly. 
Sylvester. 

FlG'-AP-PLE, n. A species of apple. — Johnson. 

FJG'-GNAT (-nat), n. An insect of the fly kind. — Johnso-n 

FIG'-LeAF, n. The leaf of a fig-tree ; also, a thin covering. 

FIG-MAR'I-GoLD, n. The mesembryanthemum, a succulent 
plant, resembling houseleek. 

FIG'-PECK-ER, n. [L.ficedula.] A bird. 

FIG-TREE, n. A tree of the genus ficus, much cultivated w 
warm climates for its fruit. To dwell under one's vine 
and fig-tree, is to live in peace and safety. — 1 Kings, iv., 25 

FIG'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus scrophularia. 

FIG'A-RY, 11. A frolic. 

FIG'A-RY, for Vagary, is not English. 

FlGHT (fite), v. i. ; pret. and pp. fought, pronounced fawt 
[Sax. feahtau, feohtan.] 1. To strive or contend for victo 
ry, in battle or in single combat ; to contend in arms ; fol 
lowed by with or against. 2. To contend ; to strive ; to 
struggle to resist or check. 3. To act as a soldier. — Sliak. 

FIGHT" (fite), v. t. 1. To carry on contention ; to maintain 
a struggle for victory over enemies. 2. To contend with 
in battle; to war against ; [elliptical, with being understood.] 
_3. To cause to fight; as, to fight cocks ; to fight one's ship. 

FlGHT, n. 1. A struggle for victory, either between indi- 
viduals or between armies, ships, or navies. 2. Something 
to screen the combatants in ships. Dryden. — Syn. Com- 
bat ; contest ; struggle ; encounter ; fray ; affray ; duel , 
battle ; action ; engagement ; conflict. 

FiGHT'ER, n. One who lights ; a combatant ; a warrior. 

FIGHTING, ppr. 1. Contending in battle ; striving for vie 
tory or conquest. 2. a. Qualified for war ; fit for battle. 
3. Occupied in war ; being the scene of war. 

FIGHTING, n. Contention; strife; quarrel. 

FIG'MENT, n. [L. figmentum.] An invention , a fiction ; 
something feigned or imagined. 

FIG'U-L ATE, a. [L.figulo.] Made of potter's clay ; molded ; 
shaped. [Little used.] 

FIG-U-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 9 
certain fixed or stable form. 

FIG'U-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being brought to a certair 
fixed form or shape. 

FIG'U-RAL, a. Represented by figure or delineation. — Fig- 
ural numbers, see Figurate. 

FIG'U-RaNT, n. m. ? [Fr.] 1. One who dances at the opera, 

FIG'V-RaNTE, n.fi. > not singly, but in groups or figures. 
2. An accessory character on the stage, who figures in its 
scenes, but has nothing to say. Hence applied to those 
who figure in any scene without taking a prominent part 

FIG'U-RATE, a. [L.figuratus.] 1. Of a certain determinate 
form. 2. Resembling any thing of a determinate form 
as, figurate stones, stones or fossils resembling shells. 3. 
Figurative ; [not used.] — Figurate counterpoint, in music, 
that which contains a mixture of discords and concords.™ 
Figurate numbers, in mathematics, numbers formed accord 
ing to certain laws, and having peculiar relations to different 
geometrical figures, as triangles, squares, pentagons, &o 

FIG'U-R-A-TED, a. Having a determinate form. 



* &< Synopsis, A, E, I, &c, long.—h , k, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK, 



FIL 



403 



FIL 



KGU-RATELY, adv. In a figurate manner. 

FIC-U-Ra'TION, ii. 1. The act of giving figure or determ- 
inate form. 2. Determination to a certain form. — Bacon. 
3. Mixture of concords and discords in music. 

FIGU-RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. Jiguratif.] 1. Representing some- 
thing else ; representing by resemblance ; typical. 2. 
Representing by resemblance; not literal or direct. 3. 
Abounding with figures of speech. 

FIG'U-RA-TiVE-LY, adv. By a figure ; in a manner to ex- 
hibit ideas by resemblance ; in a sense different from that 
which words originally imply. 

FIG'U-RA-Tl VE-NESS, n. State of being figurative. 

FIG'URE (figyur), n. [Fr. figure; L.figura.] 1. The form 
of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating 
extremities. 2. Shape ; form ; person. 3. Distinguished 
appearance ; eminence ; distinction ; remarkable charac- 
ter; as, to make a figure in Congress. 4. Appearance of 
any kind. 5. Magnificence ; splendor. — Law. 6. A statue ; 
an image ; that which is formed in resemblance of some- 
thing else. 7. Representation in painting; the lines and 
colors which represent an animal, particularly a person. — 
8. In manufactures, a design or representation wrought on 
damask, velvet, and other stuffs. — 9. In logic, the form of 
a syllogism with respect to the order or disposition of the 
middle term. Watts. — 10. In arithmetic, a character de- 
noting a number ; a digit, as 2, 7, 9. — 11. In geometry, a 
diagram. — 12. In astrology/, the horoscope ; the diagram 
of the aspects of the astrological houses. Shak. — 13. In 
theology, type ; representative ; emblem ; symbol. — 14. In 
rhetoric, a mode of speaking or writing, in which words 
are deflected from their ordinary signification. In strict- 
ness, the change of a word is a trope, and any affection of 
a sentence a figure ; but these terms are often confounded. 
— 15. In grammar, any deviation from the rules of analogy 
or syntax. — 16. In dancing, the several steps which the 
dancer makes in order and cadence. 

FIG'URE (figyur), v. t. 1. To form or mold into any determ- 
inate shape. 2. To show by a corporeal resemblance, 
as in picture or statuary. 3. To make a drawing of; as, 
to figure a plant, a shell, &c. ; [used chiefly in natural 
science.] 4. To cover or adorn with figures or images ; to 
mark with figures; to form figures in by art. 5. To di- 
versify ; to variegate with adventitious forms of matter. 
6. To represent by a typical or figurative resemblance. 7. 
To imagine ; to image in the mind. — Temple. 8. To pre- 
figure ; to foreshow. — Shak. 9. To form figuratively ; to 
use in a sense not literal; [little used.] 10. To note by 
characters. — 11. In music, to pass several notes for one ; to 
form runnings or variations. 

FIG'URE, v. i. To make a figure ; to be distinguished. 

t FIG'URE -FLI S NG E ER, \ n - A P retellder to astrology. 

FIG'URE-HeAD, re. The figure, statue, or bust on the pro- 
jecting part of the head of a ship. — Brande. 

FIG'URE-SToNE, n. A name of the agalmatolite. 

FIGURED (fig'yurd), pp. or a. 1. Represented by resem- 
blance ; adorned with figures ; formed into a determinate 
figure. — 2. In music, free and florid. 

FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Forming into a determinate shape ; rep- 
resenting by types or resemblances ; making a figure. 

FIG'UR-IN G, n. Act of making figures. 

FI-La'CEOUS (fe-la'shus), a. [L.filum.] Composed or con* 
sisting of threads. — Bacon. 

FILA-CER, n. [Norm, filicer.] An officer in the English 
court of common pleas, so called from fifing the writs on 
which he makes process. 

FIL'A-MENT, n. [Fr.] A thread ; a fibre.— In anatomy and 
natural history, a fine thread, of which flesh, nerves, skin, 
plants, roots, &c, are composed. 

FIL-A-MENT'OUS, a. Like a thread ; consisting of fine fila- 
ments. 

FIL'AN-DERS, n. pi. [Fr. filandres.] A diseasein hawks, con- 
sisting of filaments of coagulated blood ; also, small worms, 
wrapped in a thin skin or net, near the veins of a hawk. 

FIL'A-TO-RY, n. [L. filum.] A machine which forms or 
spins threads. 

FIL'A-TURE, n. 1. The reeling of silk from cocoons. 2. A reel 
for this purpose, or an establishment for reeling cocoons. 

FIL'BERT, n. The fruit of the cultivated corylus or hazel. 

FILCH, v. t. To steal something of little value ; to pilfer ; to 
steal ; to pillage ; to take wrongfully. — Drydcn. 

FILCHED (nlcht). pp. Stolen ; taken wrongiuUy from an- 
other; pillaged; pilfered. 

FILCH'ER, n. A thief; one guilty of petty theft. 

FILCHING, ppr. Stealing; taking from another wrong- 
fully ; pilfering. 

FILCH'ING-LY, adv. By pilfering; in a thievish manner. 

FILE, n. [Fr. file ; L. filum.] 1. A thread, string, or line ; 
particularly, a line or wire on which papers are strung. 2. 
The whole number of papers strung on a line or wire. 3. 
A bundle of papers tied together, with the title of each in- 
dorsed. 4. A roll, fist, or catalogue. — Burke. 5. A row of 
soldiers ranged one behind another, from front to rear. 



FlLE, v. 1. 1. To string ; to fasten, as papers, on a line or 
wire for preservation. 2. To arrange or insert in a bun- 
dle, as papers, indorsing the title on each paper. 3. To 
present or exhibit officially, or for trial. 

FlLE, v. i. To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, 
but one after another. 

FlLE, re. [Sax./eoZ.] An instrument used in smoothing and pol- 
ishing metals, made of iron and steel, cut in little furrows. 

FlLE, v. t. [Russ. opilevayu.] i. To nib and smooth with a 
file ; to polish. 2. To cut as with a file ; to wear off or 
_away. 3. [from defile.] To foul or defile.— Shak. ; [obs.] 

FlLE'-CUT-TER, re. A maker of files.— Moxon. 

FlLE'-FISH, n. 'A name given to certain fishes from their 
skin being granulated like a file. They are intermediate 
_between the bony and cartilaginous fishes. — Partington. 

FiLE'-Le AD'ER, n. The soldier placed in the front of a file. 

FILED (ffld), pp. Placed on a line or wire ; placed in a 
bundle and indorsed ; smoothed with a file. 

FIL'E-MOT, n. [Fr. feuille-morte.] A yellowish-brown col- 
_or ; the color of a faded leaf. — Swift. 

FiL'ER, n. One who uses a file. 

FILIAL (fil'yal), a. [Fr. filial] 1. Pertaining to a son or 
daughter ; becoming a child in relation to his parents. 2. 
Bearing the relation of a son. 

FIL'IAL-LY (fil'yal-ly), adv. In a filial manner. 

FIL-I-a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The relation of a son or child to 
a father ; correlative to paternity. — Hale. 2. Adoption. 3. 
The fixing of a bastard child on some one as its father ; af- 
filiation. — Smart. 

FIL'I-COID, a. [filices and ei8os.] In botany, fem-like ; hav 
ing the form of ferns. 

FIL'I-COID, n. A plant resembling ferns. — Lindley. 

FIL-IC'I-FORM (fil-is'e-form), a. Fern-shaped.— Smart. 

FIL'I-FORM, a. [L. filum.] Having the form of a thread or 
filament ; slender, like a thread. 

FIL'I-GRANE, n. [L.filum and granum.] The original word 
for Filigree. 

FIL'I-GREE, n. A kind of enrichment on gold and silver, 
wrought delicatolyin the manner of little threads or grains, 
or of both intermixed. 

FIL1-GREED, a. Ornamented with filigree. Formerly 
_spelled fil'igraned. 

FlL'ING, ppr. Placing on a string or wire, or in a bundle of 
papers ; presenting for trial ; marching in a file ; smooth- 
ing with a file. 

FlLTNGS, n. pi. Fragments or particles rubbed off by the 
act of fifing. 

FILL, v. t. [Sax. fyllan, gefillan.] 1. To put or pour in, till 
the tiling will hold no more. 2. To store ; to supply with 
abundance. 3. To cause to abound ; to make universally 
prevalent. 4. To satisfy ; to content. 5. To glut ; to sur- 
feit. — Bacon. 6. To make plump. 7. To press and dilate 
on all sides or to the extremities. 8. To supply with liquor ; 
to pour into. 9. To stipply with an incumbent. 10. To 
hold ; to possess and perform the duties of ; to officiate in, 
as an incumbent. — 11. In seamanship, to brace the yaida 
so that the wind will act upon the after-surface of the 
sails. — Totten. 

To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit— To fill 
up. 1. To make full. 2. To occupy ; to fill. 3. To fill ; to 
occupy the whole extent. 4. To engage or employ. 5. To 
complete. 6. To accomplish. 

FILL, v. i. 1. To fill a cup or glass for drinking ; to give to 
drink. 2. To grow or become full. 3. To glut ; to sa- 
tiate. — To fill up, to grow or become full. 

FILL, n. Fullness ; as much as supplies want. 

FIL'LA-GREE. See Filigrane. 

FILLE BE CHaM'BRE (-sham'br), n. [Fr.] A chamber- 
maid. 

FILLED, pp. Made full ; supplied with abundance. 

FILL'ER, n. 1. One who fills ; one whose employment is 
to fill vessels. 2. That which fills any space. 3. One who 
supplies abundantly. 

FIL'LET, n. [Fr. filet.] 1. A little band to tie about the hair 
of the head. 2. The fleshy part of the thigh ; [applied to 
veal.] 3. Meat rolled together and tied round. — 4. In 
architecture, a little square member or ornament used in 
divers places, but generally as a corona over a greater 
molding ; called, also, listel. Also, the broad longitudinal 
ridge between the flutings of a Grecian column, except the 
Doric. — 5. In heraldry, a kind of orle or bordure, containing 
only the third or fourth part of the breadth of the common 
bordure. — 6. Among painters and gilders, a little rule or 
reglet of leaf-gold. — 7. In the menage, the loins of a horse. 

FIL'LET, v. t. 1. To bind with a fillet or little band. 2, To 
adorn with an astragal. 

FIL'LET-ED. pp. Bound with a little band. 

FIL'LET-ING, ppr. Binding with a little band or fillet. 

FIL'LI-BEG, re. [Gael fillcadh-beg.] A little plnid ; a kilt or 
dress reaching nearly to the knees, worn in the Highlands 
of Scotland. 

FILLTNG, ppr. Making full ; supplying abundantly ; grow 
ins full. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. 



FIN 



404 



FIN 



FILLING, n. 1. A making full ; supply. 2. The woof iu 

weaving. 
FIL'LIP, v. t. To strike with the nail of the finger, forced 

from the thumb with a sudden spring. 
FIL'LIP, n. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the 

thumb. 
FIL'LIP-ING, ppr. Striking with the end of the finger. 
FIL'LY, n. [W.filawg.] 1. A female or mare colt ; a young 

mare. 2. A wanton girl. 
FILM, n. [Sax. film.} A thin skin ; a pellicle, as on the eye. 
FILM, v. t. To cover with a thin skin or pellicle. 
FILM'I-NESS, n. State of being filmy. 
FILM'Y, a. Composed of thin membranes or pellicles. 
Fl'LoSE, a. In zoology, that ends in a thread-like process. 



FIL'TER, n. [Fr. filtre.] A strainer ; a piece of woolen 
cloth, paper, or other substance through which liquors are 
passed for defecation. 

FIL'TER, v. t. To purify or defecate liquor, by passing it 
through a filter, or a porous substance. 

FIL'TER, v. i. To percolate ; to pass through a filter. 

FIL'TER. See Philter. 

FILTERED, pp. or a. Strained ; defecated by a filter. 

FIL'TER-ING, ppr. Straining } defecating. 

FIL'TER-ING, n. Vhe act of passing through a filter. 

FILTH, n. [Sax. fylth.] 1. Dirt ; any foul matter ; any 
thing that soils or defiles ; waste matter ; nastiness. 2. 
Corruption ; pollution ; any thing that sullies or defiles 
the moral character. 

FILTH'I-LY, adv. In a filthy manner ; foully ; grossly. 

FILTH'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being filthy. 2. Foulness ; 
dirtiness ; filth ; nastiness. 3. Corruption ; pollution ; de- 
filement by sin ; impurity. 

FILTH'Y, a. 1. Abounding in filth. 2. Defiled by sinful 
practices ; morally impure. 3. Obtained by base and dis- 
honest means. — Syn. Nasty ; foul ; dirty ; muddy ; miry ; 
sloughy ; squalid , unclean ; sluttish ; gross ; impure ; pol- 
luted ; vulgar. 

FEL'TRITE, v. t. [Sp. fitirar.] To filter ; to defecate, as 
liquor, by straining or percolation. 

FIL'TRITE, n. The liquid which has been passed through 
a filter. — Dana. 

FIL-TR A'TION, n. The act or process of filtering ; the me- 
chanical separation of a liquid, from the undissolved par- 
ticles floating in it. 

FIM'BLE-HEMP, n. [female-hemp.] Light, summer hemp, 
that bears no seed. — Mortimer. 

FIM'BRI-ATE, a. [L. fimbria.] In botany, fringed ; having 
the margin bordered by filiform processes thicker than 
hairs. 

FIM'BRMTE, v. t. To hem ; to fringe.— Fuller. 

FIM'BRI-I-TED, pp. Hemmed ; fringed. 

FIM'BRI-1-TED, a. In heraldry, ornamented, as an ordina- 
ry, with a narrow border of another tincture. 

FIM'BRI-A-TING, ppr. Hemming ; fringing. 

FIN, n. [S@ix.finn.] The fin of a fish consists of a mem- 
brane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous os- 
sicles. 

FIN, v. t. To carve or cut up a chub. 

FIN'-F T SH, n. A species of slender whale. 

FLN'-F< JOT-ED, a. Having palmated feet, or feet with toes 
connected by a membrane. 

FIN'-SCaLE, n. A river fish, called the rudd. 

FIN'-TOjED, a. Palmiped ; palmated ; having toes con- 
nected by a membrane. 

FlN'A-BLE, n. 1. That admits a fine. 2. Subject to a fine 
or penalty. 

Fl'NAL, a. [Fr., Sp. final ; L. finalis.] 1. Pertaining to the 
end or conclusion ; last ; ultimate. 2. Conclusive ; de- 
cisive ; ultimate ; as, a final judgment. — A final muse, is 
the ultimate end or object aimed at, and which thus causes 
a certain course of action to be adopted. 

Fi'-NA'LE (fe-nala), n. [It.] 1. The last note or end of a 
piece of music. 2. The last performance in any act of an 
opera, or that which closes a concert ; close ; termination. 

Fl-NAL'I-TY, n. Final state.— Baxter. 

FTNAL-LY, adv. 1. At the end or conclusion ; ultimately ; 
lastly. 2. Completely ; beyond recovery. — Davies. 

FI-NANCE' (fe-nans'), n. [Fr.] Revenue ; income of a king 

or state. [Generally nsed in the plural] 
FI-NAN'CeS, n. pi. 1. Revenue ; funds in the public treasury, 
or accruing to it ; public resources of money. 2. The in- 
come or resources of individuals. 
FI-NAN'CIAL (fe-nan'shal), a. Pertaining to public revenue. 
FI-NAN'CIAL-LY, adv. In relation to finances. 
FIN-AN-CIeR (fin-an-seeri), n. 1. An officer who receives 
and manages the public revenues ; a treasurer. 2. One 
who is skilled in the principles or system of public rer- 
enue. 3. One who is intrusted with the collection and 
management of the revenues of a corporation. 4. One 
_skilled in banking operations. 
Fl'NA-RY. See Finery. 
FINCH, n. [Sax. fine ; G.fink.] A small singing bird. The 



word is used chiefly in composition ; as, goldfinch, ohaj 
finch. 

FlND, v. t.; pret. and -pp. found. [Sax. findan; G.fi,7bden.\ 
1. Literally, to come ; to meet ; hence, to discover by the 
eye ; to gain first sight or knowledge of something lost ; to 
recover. 2. To meet ; to discover something not before 
seen or known. 3. To obtain by seeking. 4. To meet 
with. 5. To discover or know by experience. 6. To 
reach ; to attain to ; to arrive at. 7. To discover by study, 
experiment, or trial. 8. To gain ; to have ; as, to find time 
for visiting. 9. To perceive ; to observe ; to learn. 10 
To catch ; to detect ; usually with out. 11. To meet. 12 
To have ; to experience ; to enjoy, as pleasure. 13. To 
select ; to choose ; to designate. 14. To discover and de 
clare the truth of disputed facts ; to come to a conclusion, 
and decide between parties, as a jury. 15. To determine 
and declare by verdict. 16. To establish or pronounce 
charges alleged to be true. 17. To supply ; to furnish, as 
with money. 18. To supply with provisions ; as, to pay 
a man a dollar a day and find him. 19. To discover or 
gain knowledge of, by touching or by sounding ; as, to 
find bottom. 

To find one's self, to be ; to fare in regard to ease or pain, 
health or sickness. — To find in, to supply ; to furnish ; to 
provide. — To find out. 1. To invent ; to discover some- 
thing before unknown. 2. To unriddle ; to solve. 3. To 
discover ; to obtain knowledge of what is hidden ; to as- 
certain. 4. To understand ; to comprehend. 5. To de- 
tect ; to discover ; to bring to fight. — To find fault with, to 
blame ; to censure. 

FlND'-FAULT, n. A censurer ; a caviler.— Shah. 

FlND-FAULT'ING, a. Apt to censure ; captious. 

FlND'ER, n. 1. One who meets or falls on any thing ; one 
who discovers by searching, or by accident. — 2. In astron- 
omy, a smaller telescope, attached to a larger telescope, 
for the purpose of finding an object more readily. 

FlND'ING, ppr. Discovering. 

FlND'ING, n. 1. Discovery ; the act of discovering. — 3. In 
law, the return of a jury to a bill ; a verdict. 

FlND'ING®, n. pi. The tools which a journeyman shoe- 
maker is to furnish in his employment, together with 
thread and wax. 

t FIN'DY, a. [Sax.findig.] Full ; heavy ; or firm, solid, sub- 
stantial. 

FINE, a. [Fr. fin.] 1. Small ; thin ; slender ; minute ; of 
very small diameter. 2. Subtile ; thin ; tenuous. — Bacon. 
3. Thin ; keen ; smoothly sharp. 4. Made of fine threads ; 
not coarse. 5. Clear ; pure ; free from feculence or for- 
eign matter. 6. Refined. — Bacon. 7. Nice ; delicate ; per- 
ceiving or discerning minute beauties or deformities. 8. 
Subtile ; artful ; dextrous ; [see Finesse.] 9. Subtle ; 
sly ; fraudulent. — Hubberd's Tale. 10. Elegant ; beautiful 
in thought. 11. Very handsome ; beautiful with dignity. 
12. Accomplished ; elegant in manners. 13. Accomplish- 
ed in learning ; excellent. 14. Excellent ; superior ; brill- 
iant or acute. 15. Amiable ; noble ; ingenuous ; excellent. 
16. Showy; splendid; elegant. — 17. Ironically, worthy ot 
contemptuous notice ; eminent for bad qualities. — Fine 
arts, or polite arts, are the arts which depend chiefly on the 
labors of the mind or imagination, and whose object i3 
jpleasure, as poetry, music, painting, and sculpture. 

FINE, n. 1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between 
persons concerning lands or rents. 2. A sum of money 
paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate 
or transfer his lands to another. 3. A sum of money paid 
by way of penalty for an offense ; a mulct ; a pecuniary 
punishment ; amercement ; forfeiture. — In fine. [Fr. enfin ; 
L. in and finis.] In the end or conclusion ; to conclude ; 
_to sum up all. 

FINE, v. t. 1. To clarify ; to refine ; to purify ; to defecate ; 
to free from feculence or foreign matter. 2. To purify, 
as a metal. 3. To make less coarse; [obs.] 4. To dec- 
_orate ; to adorn. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

FINE, v. t. 1. To impose on one a pecuniary penalty for an 
offense ; to set a fine on by judgment of a court ; to pun 
ish by fine. 2. v. i. To pay a fine ; [obs.] 

FlNE'-FIN"GERED, a. Nice in workmanship. 

FiNE'-GRaINSD (-grand), a. Having a fine grain. 

FlNE'-SPoK'^N (spok'n), a. Using fine phrases. 

FWED,pp. 1. Refined; purified; defecated. 2. Subjected 
_to a pecuniary penalty. 

FlNE'DRAW, v. t. To sew up a rent with so much nicety 
that it is not perceived. 

FlNE'DRAW-ER, n. One who finedraws. 

FlNE'DRAW-ING, n. Rentering ; a dextrous or nice sew- 
_ing up the rents of cloths or stuffs. 

FlNE'SPUN, a. Drawn to a fine thread ; minute ; subtile. 

FlNE'STILL, v. t. To distill spirit from molasses, treacle, 
_or some preparation of saccharine matter. 

FlNE'STILL-ER, n. One who distills spirit from treacle 
or molasses. — JEncyc. 

FlNE'STTLL-ING, n. The operation of distilling spirit fi om 
molasses or treacle. 



• See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c, long —a, e, i, &c. short.— Fa R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y — MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK. 



FIN 



405 



FIR 



J FS NET,ESS, a. Endless ; boundless.— Shak. 

FINE'LY, adv. 1. In minute parts. 2. To a thin or sharp 
edge. 3. Gayly ; handsomely ; beautifully ; with elegance 
and taste. 4. With elegance or beauty. 5. With advan- 
tage ; very favorably. 6. Nicely ; delicately. 7. Purely ; 
completely. Clarendon. — 8. By way of irony, wretchedly ; 
in a manner deserving of contemptuous notice. 

TNE'NESS, n. [Fr. finesse.] 1. Thinness; smallness ; slen- 
derness. 2. Consisting of fine threads. 3. Smallness ; 
minuteness, as of sand or particles. 4. Clearness ; purity ; 
freedom from foreign matter. 5. Niceness ; delicacy. 6. 
Keenness ; sharpness ; thinness. 7. Elegance ; beauty. 
8. Capacity for delicate or refined conceptions. 9. Show ; 
splendor ; gayety of appearance ; elegance. 10. Clear- 
ness. 11. Subtilty ; artfulness ; ingenuity. 12. Smooth- 
_ness. — Drayton. 

FlN'ER, n. 1. One who refines or purifies. 2. a. Compara- 
tive of/me. 

FTN'ER-Y, n. 1. Show ; splendor ; gayety of colors or ap- 
pearance. 2. Showy articles of dress ; gay clothes, jew- 
els, trinkets, Sec. — 3. In iron-works, a furnace where cast 
iron is converted into malleable iron. — Buchanan. 

FI-NESSE' (fe-nes'), n. [Ft. finesse.] Subtilty of contrivance 
to gain a point. — Syn. Artifice ; trick ; stratagem ; deceit ; 
guile ; craft ; cunning. 

FI-NESSE', v. i. To use artifice or stratagem. 

FI-NESS'ING, ppr. Practicing artifice to accomplish a pur- 
pose. 

FI-NESSTNG, n. The practice of artifice. 

FIN"GER (fing'ger), n. [Sax. finger.] 1. One of the ex- 
treme parts of the hand, a small member shooting to a 
point. 2. A certain measure. 3. The hand. 4. The^m- 
ger or fingers of God, in Scripture, signify his power, 
strength, or operation. — 5. In music, ability ; skill in play- 
ing on a keyed instrument. 

FIN"GER, v. t. 1. To handle with the fingers ; to touch 
lightly ; to toy 2. To touch or take thievishly ; to pilfer. 
— South. 3. To touch an instrument of music ; to play on 
an instrument 4. To perform work with the fingers ; to 
execute delicate work. 5. To handle without violence. 

FIN"GER, v. i. To dispose the fingers aptly in playing on 
an instrument. 

FIN"GER-B5ARD, n. The board at the neck of a violin, 
guitar, or the like, where the fingers act on the strings. 

FIN"GER-FERN, n. A plant, asplenium. — Johnson. 

FIN"GER-GL1SS, n. A glass containing water for dipping 
the finsars at the dinner- table. 

FlN'GEP.-PoST, n. A post with a finger pointing, for di- 
recting passengers to the road. 

FIN"GER -SHELL, n. A marine shell resembling a finger. 

FIN"GER-SToNE, n. A fossil resembling an arrow. 

FIN"GER£D (fing'gerd), pp. 1. Played on ; handled ; touch- 
ed. 2. a. Having fingers. — In botany, digitate ; having leaf- 
lets like fingers. 

FIN"GER-ING, ppr. Handling ; touching lightly. 

FIN"GER-ING, n. 1. The act of touching lightly or han- 
dling. 2. The manner of touching an instrument of mu- 
sic. 3. Delicate work made with the fingers. — Spenser. 

F1N"GLE-FAN"GLE, n. A trifle. [Vulgar.] 

FIN"GRI-GO, n. A berry-bearing plant of the genus pisonia. 

FIN'1-AL, n. [L.finio.] The knot or bunch of foliage, or 
flower, that forms the upper extremities of pinnacles in 
Gothic architecture ; sometimes, the pinnacle itself. — Elmes. 

FIN'I-€AL, a. 1. Nice ; spruce ; foppish ; pretending to su- 
perfluous elegance. 2. Affectedly nice or showy. 

FIN'I-€AL-LY, adv. With great nicety or spruceness ; fop- 
pishly. 

FIN'I-€AL-NESS, n. Extreme nicety in dress or manners ; 
foppishness. — Warburton. 

FIN'I-KIN, a. Precise in trifles ; idly ; busy. — Smart. 

FINTNG, ppr. 1. Clarifying ; refining ; purifying ; defecat- 
ing. 2. [See Fine, the noun.] Imposing a fine. 

FiN'ING, n. I. The process of refining or purifying ; [ap- 
plied especially to the clarifying of wines, malt liquors, 6{C.] 
— 2. Finings, a solution of gelatin, used for clarifying. 

FlN'ING-POT, n. A vessel in which metals are refined. 

Fl'NIS, n. [L.] An end ; conclusion. 

FINISH, v. t. [Arm. finicza ; Fr. finir.] 1. To arrive at the 
end of, in performance. 2. To make perfect. 3. To bring 
to an end ; to put an end to. 4. To polish to the degree of 
excellence intended. — Syn. To end ; terminate ; close ; 
conclude ; complete ; accomplish ; perfect 

FINISH, n. 1. The completion of a work of art; that which 
gives it perfection. 2. The last hard, smooth coat of plas- 
ter on a wall. 
FIN'ISH£D (fin'isht), pp. 1. Completed ; ended ; done ; per- 
fected. 2. a. Complete ; perfect ; polished to the highest 
degree of excellence. 
FINTSH-ER, n. 1. One who finishes ; one who completely 
performs. 2. One who puts an end to. 3. One who com- 
pletes or perfects. 
FIN'ISH-ING, ppr. or a. Completing ; perfecting ; bringing 
to an end. 



FINTSH-ING, n. Completion ; completeness ; perfection ; 
last polish ; finish. — Warburton. 

Fr/NlTE, a. [L.finitus.] Having a limit; limited; bound- 
ed; circumscribed; opposed to infinite ; as, & finite period , 
[applied to this life ;] as, finite concerns. 

Fr/NlTE-LY, adv. Within limits ; to a certain degree only. 
—Stillingfleet. 

FlTS'ITE-NESS, n, Limitation ; confinement within certain 
boundaries. 

t FIN'I-TUDE, n. Limitation.— Cheyne. 

FIN'LESS, a. Destitute of fins.— Shak. 

FIN'LlKE, a. Resembling a fin.— Dryden. 

FINN, n. A native of Finland, in Europe. 

FINN.ED, a. Having broad edges on either side, as a plow. 

FIN'NI-KIN, n. A sort of pigeon. 

FIN'NY, a. Furnished with fins ; as, finny fish. 

FI-No'CHI-O,?*. [It. finocchio.] A variety of fennel. 

Fii'NoS, n. [Sp.] Secondbest wool of Merino sheep.— Gardner. 

Fi-ORD', n. [Sw.] An inlet from the sea ; a bay.— Dr. Baird. 

Fl'O-RIN, n. A species of creeping bent-grass, once sup- 
posed to be of great value for green winter fodder. 

tFIP'PLE, n. [L. fibula.] A stopper, as in a wind instru- 
ment of music. — Bacon. 

FiR (fur), n. [W.pyr.] The name of several species of the 
genus pinus, trees allied to the pines, and valued for their 
timber ; as the hemlock fir, silver fir, &c. 

FiR'-TREE. See Fir. 

FlRE, n. [Sax./2/r.] 1. Heat and light emanating visibly, 
perceptibly, and simultaneously from any body ; caloric. 
— In the popular acceptation of the word, fire is the eft'ect of 
combustion. 2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in 
any other place. 3. The burning of a house or town : a 
conflagration. 4. Light ; lustre ; splendor. 5. Torture by 
burning. 6. The instrument of punishment ; or the pun- 
ishment of the impenitent in another state. 7. That which 
inflames or irritates the passions. — Shak. 8. Ardor of 
temper ; violence of passion. 9. Liveliness of imagina- 
tion ; vigor of fancy ; intellectual activity ; animation ; 
force of sentiment or expression. 10. The passion of 
love ; ardent affection. 11. Ardor ; heac ; love. 12. Com- 
bustion ; tumult ; rage ; contention. 13. Trouble ; afflic- 
tion. — To set on fire, to kindle ; to inflame ; to excite vio- 
lent action. — To be on fire, to be in a state jf ignition ; to 
be highly excited. — St. Anthony's fire, a disease marked by 
an eruption on the skin, or a diffused inflammation, with 
fever; the erysipelas. — Wildfire, an artificial or factitious 
fire, which burns even under water. It was called, also, 
Greek fire. Naphtha was probably the chief ingredient. 

FIRE, v. t. 1. To set on fire; to kindle. 2. To inflame ; to 
irritate the passions. 3. To animate ; to give life or spir 
if 4. To drive by fire ; [little used.] 5. To cause to ex- 
plode ; to discharge. — 6. In farriery, to cauterize. 

FIRE, v. i. 1. To take fire ; to be kindled. 2. To be irrita- 
ted or inflamed with passion. 3. To discharge artillery or 
_fire-arms. 

FiRE'-aRMS, n. pi. Arms or weapons which expel their 
_charge by the combustion of powder. 

FlRE'-AR-RoW, n. A small iron dart, furnished with a 
_match impregnated with powder and sulphur. 

FlR,E'-BALL, n. 1. A grenade ; a ball filled with powder 
or other combustibles. 2. A meteor which passes rapid- 
ly through the air and displodes. 

FiRE'-BaRE, n. In old writers, a beacon. — Cyc. 

FlRE'-BAR-REL, n. A hollow cylinder filled with various 
kinds of combustibles, used in fire-ships to convey the fire 
_to the shrouds. 

FlRE'-BAV-IN, n. A bundle of brush-wood, used in fire- 
ships. 

FIRE'-BLaST, n. A disease of plants and trees, in which 

they appear as if burned by fire. 
FiRE'-BoARD, n. A chimney-board, used to close a fire- 
place in summer. 
FlRE'-BoTE, n. An allowance of fuel, to which a tenant 

_is entitled. [England.] 
FlRE'-BRAND, n. 1. A piece of wood kindled or on fire. 
2. An incendiary ; one who inflames factions, or causes 
contention and mischief. 
FIRE-BRICK, n. A brick that will sustain intense heat 

without fusion. 
FIRE'-BRUSH, n. A brush used to sweep the hearth. 
FIRE'-BU€K-ET, n. A bucket to convey water to engines 

for extinguishing fire. 
FIRE'-CLAD, a. Clad with tire.— Wordsworth. 
FiRE'-€LaY, n. A kind of clay that will sustain intense 

heat, used in making fire-bricks. 
FIRE'-€0€K, n. A cock or spout to let out water for ex- 
tinguishing fire. 
FIRE'-€6M'PA-NY (-kum'pa-ne), n. A company of men 

for managing an engine to extinguish fires. 
FiRE'-CROSS, 7i. Something used in Scotland as a signal 

_to take arms. 
FlRE'-DAMP, n. The explosive carbureted hydrogen of 
coal mines. See Damp. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FIR 



406 



F1S 



FIRE'-DRaKE, n. 1. A fiery serpent. 2. An ignis fatuus. 

FlRE-E ATER, n. 1. One who pretends to eat fire. Hence, 
2. A cant term for a fighting character or duelist. 

FIRE'-EN'GiNE, n. An engine for throwing water to ex- 
tinguish fire and save buildings. 

FiRE'-ES-GaPE', n. A machine for escaping from the upper 
part ofa building when on fire. 

FIRE-EY.E D (-ide), a. Having a fiery eye. 

FIRE'-FLaIR, 11. A species of ray-fish, or rata. 

FlRE'-FLY, n. A name commonly given to winged lumi- 
nous insects, particularly to a South American insect which 
emits a brilliant light from a yellow spot on each side of 
the thorax, —Parting ton. 

FIRE'-GUaRD, n. A frame-work of iron wire, to be placed 
in front of a fire-place. 

FlRE'-HOOK, n. A large hook for pulling down buildings, 
in conflagrations. 

FIRE'-I-RONS (-i-urnz), n. pi. The irons belonging to a 
fire-place, as the shovel, tongs, poker, &c. 

FIRE'-MaS'TER, n. An officer of artillery who superin- 
tends the composition of fire-works. 

FlRE'-NEW (-nu), a. Fresh from the forge ; bright. 

FlRE'-OF'FICE (-of fis), n. An office for making insurance 
against fire. 

FIRE'-OR'DE-AL. See Ordeal. 

FlRE'-PAN, n. A pan for holding or conveying fire. 

FiRE'-PLaCE, n. The part of a chimney appropriated to 
the fire ; a hearth. 

FIRE'-PLUG, n. A plug for drawing water from a pipe, to 
_extinguish fire. 

FlRE'-POT, n. A small earthen pot, filled with combusti- 
bles, used in military operations. 

FIRE'-PROOF, a. Proof against fire ; incombustible. 

FlRE'-QUENCH-ING, a. Extinguishing fire.— Kirby. 

FlRE'-SHIP, n. A vessel filled with combustibles, and fur- 
nished with grappling-irons, to hook and set fire to an en- 
emy's ships. 

FlRE'-SH6V'.EL (-shuv'vl), n. A shovel or instrument for 
taking up or removing coals of fire. 

FIRE'-STICK, n. A lighted stick or brand.— Digby. 

FIRE'-SToNE, n. 1. Iron pyrifes ; [obs.] 2. A kind of 
_free-stone which bears a high degree of heat. 

FlRE'-WARD, \n. An officer who has authority to 

FlRE'-WARD'.EN, 5 direct others in the extinguishing of 
fires. 

FlRE'-WEED, n. An American plant, often four or five 
feet high, very troublesome around spots where brush- 
wood has been burned. 

FIRE'-WINGjE D, a. Having fiery wings.— Carlisle. 

FlRE'-WOOD, n. Wood for fuel. 

FlRE'-W6RK, n. Usually in the plural, fire-works. Prepa- 
rations of gun-powder, sulphur, and other inflammable 
materials, used for making explosions in the air, on occa- 
sions of public rejoicing, or for the purposes of war. 

FlRE'-W6RK-ER, n. An officer of artillery, subordinate 
_to the fire-master. 

FIRE'- W6R-SHIP (-wur'ship), n. The worship of fire, which 
prevailed chiefly in Persia, among those called Ghebers, or 
Cruebers. — Encyc. Am. 

FIRE'-W6R-SHIP-ER, n. One who worships fire. 

FlRED, pp. Set on fire; inflamed; kindled; animated; 
_irritated. 

FlRE'LOCK, n. A musket, or other gun, with a lock. 

FlRE'MAN, n. 1. A man whose business is to extinguish 
fires. 2. A man who tends the fires of a steam-engine, &c. 

FIR'ER i n. One who sets fire to any thing ; an incendiary. 

FlRE'SlDE, n. A place near the fire or hearth ; home ; do- 
mestic life or retirement. 

FlRE'SlDE, a. Belonging to the fireside or domestic circle. 

FIRING, ppr. Setting fire to ; kindling ; animating ; excit- 
ing ; inflaming ; discharging fire-arms. 

FIRING, n. 1. The act of discharging fire-arms. 2. The 
application of fire, or of a cautery. 3. Fuel ; fire-wood, or 
coal. — Mortimer. 

FlRTNG-I'RON (-i'urn), n. An instrument used in farriery 
to discuss swellings and knots. — Encyc. 

t F1RK, v. t. To beat ; to whip ; to chastise. — Hudibras. 

FiRK, n. A stroke ; [written, also, ferk ; but rarely used.] 

FtR'KIN (furkin), n. A measure of capacity, being the 
fourth part of a barrel. In America, it is rarely used ex- 
cept for butter or lard. 

FIR'LOT, n. A dry measure, used in Scotland ; being about 
a bushel of wheat, and a bushel and a half of barley. 

FIRM (furm), a. [L. firmus ; Fr. ferme.] 1. Closely com- 
pressed ; as, firm wood. 2. Not easily moved ; as, firm 
Mends, firm persuasions. 3. Not giving way ; opposed to 
fluid ; as, firm ground. — Syn. Compact ; dense ; hard ; 
solid ; stable ; stanch ; robust ; strong ; sturdy ; unshaken ; 
fixed; steady; resolute; constant. 

FIRM, n. A partnership or house ; or the name or title 
under which a company transact business. 

FIRM, v. t. [L. firmo.] To fix ; to confirm ; to establish.— 
Dryden. [Rare, except in poetry. See Confirm.] 



FIRM'-FOOT-ED, a. Having firm feet ; standing firmly. 

FiRM'A-MENT, n. [L. firmamentum.] The region of the 
air ; the sky or heavens. — In Scripture, the word denotes 
an expanse ; a wide extent. 

F1RM-A-MENTAL, a. Pertaining to the firmament ; celes- 
tial ; being of the upper regions. 

FiR'MAN, n. An Asiatic word, denoting a decree, or gran' 
of privileges. A firman, given to a traveler, is a kind of 
passport, insuring to him protection and assistance. [Oft 
en pronounced firmaun.'] 

FIRMED, pp. Established; confirmed. 

FiRM'ING, ppr. Settling ; making firm and stable. 

tFiRM'I-TUDE, n. Strength; solidity.— Bp. Hall. 

t FiRM'I-TY, n. Strength ; firmness. 

FiRM'LESS, a. Detached from substance. — Pope. 

FiRM'LI-ER, adv. More firmly.— Milton. 

FiRM'LY (furmly), adv. 1. Solidly ; compactly ; closely. 
2. Steadily ; with constancy or fixedness ; immovably ; 
steadfastly. 

FIRM'NESS, n. 1. Closeness or denseness of texture or 
structure ; compactness ; hardness ; solidity. 2. Stabili- 
ty ; strength. 3. Steadfastness ; constancy ; fixedness. 
4. Certainty; soundness. 

FIRST (furst), a. [Sax. first, or fyrst.] 1. Advanced before 
or further than any other in progression ; foremost in 
place. 2. Preceding all others in the order of time. 3. 
Preceding all others in numbers or a progressive series ; 
the ordinal of one. 4. Preceding all others in rank, dig* 
nity, or excellence. — Syn. Primary ; primordial ; original , 
primitive; pristine; highest; chief; principal. 

FIRST, adv. 1. Before any thing else in the order of time. 
2. Before all others in place or progression. 3. Before 
any thing else in order of proceeding or consideration. 
4. Before all others in rank. — At first, at the first, at the be- 
ginning or origin. — Fb-st or last, at one time or another ; 
at the beginning or end. 

FiRST-BE-GOT', \ a. First produced ; the eldest of 

FiRST-BE-GOT'T£N, 5 children.— Milton. 

FiRST-BORN, a. 1. First brought forth ; first in the ordei 
of nativity; eldest. 2. Most excellent ; most distinguished 
or exalted. 

FiRST-BORN, n. The eldest child ; the first in the order 
of birth. 

FiRST-CRE-AT'ED, a. Created before any other. 

FIRST'-FLoOR, n. In England, the floor or tier of apart- 
ments next above the ground-floor; called, in America, 
the second story. 

FiRST-FRuIT, n. s., \ 1. The fruit or produce first ma- 

FIRST'-FRuITS, n.pl. > tured and collected in any sea- 
son. 2. The first profits of any thing. 3. The first or 
earliest effect of any thing, in a good or bad sense. 

FiRST-MoV'ER, n. The original propelling power, whether 
natural or artificial. 

FiRST'-RITE, a. 1. Of the highest excellence ; pre-emi- 
nent. 2. Being of the largest size, as a ship. 

FIRSTLING, a. First produced. 

FIRSTLING, n. 1. The first produce or offspring ; [applied 
to beasts.] 2. The thing first thought or done ; [not used.] 

F1R.STLY, adv. Improperly used instead of first. 

FiPvTH, n. A narrow passage of the sea. See Frith. 

FIS-G, n. [L. fiscus ; Fr. fisc^] The treasury of a prince or 
state. 

FISCAL, a. Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue. 

FISCAL, n. 1. Revenue ; the income of a prince or state. 
2. A treasurer. — 3. In Spain and Portugal, the king's solic- 
itor. — 4. In Spain, an informer. 

FISH, n. [Sax. fisc] 1. An animal that lives in water. 
Fish, in the singular, is used for fishes in general, or the 
whole raca. 2. The flesh of fish, used as food. 3. A coun 
ter, used in various games. 

FISH, v. i. 1. To attempt to catch fish ; to be employed in 
taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets. 
2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly 
to seek to draw forth. 

FISH, v. t. 1. To search by raking or sweeping. — 2. In sea- 
manship, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of 
timber. 3. To catch ; to draw out or up. 

FISH, n. 1. In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up the 
flukes of an anchor upon the gunwale. 2. A long piece 
of timber, which bellies out in the form of a fish, and is 
used to strengthen a lower mast or a yard, when sprung 
or damaged. Hence, the terms fish beam, fish back, fish-bel- 
lied rail, are applied to a beam or rail which bellies out on 
the under side. — Francis. 

FISH'-BASK-ET, n. A basket for carrying fish. 

FISH'-GLuE, n. A name sometimes given to isinglass 
Booth. 

FISH'-KET-TLE, n. A kettle for boiling fish whole. 

FISH'-LlKE, a. Resembling fish.— Shak. 

FISH'-MXR-KET, n. A place where fish are exposed fot 
sale. 

FISH'-MeAL, n. A meal of fish ; diet on fish ; abstemious 
diet. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



FIT 



407 



FIX 



»'ISH'-M6N"GER (-mung'ger),*7J. A seller of fish. 

FISH'-POND. n. A pond in wbidh fishes are bred. 

FISH'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship, between the after- 
hold ami tlie spirit room. 

FISH'-SPe AR. n. A spear f' r taking fish, by stabbing them. 

FISH^-TROW-EL. n. A broad knife, commonly of silver, 
for cutting up fish at table. 

FISH'-WiFE, n. A woman that cries fish for sale. 

FISH'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who sells fish. 

FISH'ER, n. 1. One who is employed in catching fish. 

2. A carnivorous quadruped, of the weasel family ; the 
pekan. 

FISH'ER-BoAT, n. A boat employed in catching fish. 

FISH'ER-TOWN, n. A town inhabited by fishermen. 

FISH'ER-MAN, 75. 1. One whose occupation is to catch 
fish. 2. A ship or vessel employed in the business of tak- 
ing fish. 

FISH'ER- Y, n. 1. The business of catching fish. 2. A place 
for catching fish. 

FISH'FUL, a. Abounding with fish. — Carew. 

FISH'GIG, \n. An instrument used for striking fish at 

FIZ'GIG, 5 sea. 

FISHHOOK, n. A hook for catching fish. 

FISH'I-FY, v. t. To turn to fish.— Shak. [A cant word.) 

FISH'ING, ppr. 1. Attempting to catch fish ; searching; seek- 
ing to draw forth by artifice, or indirectly ; adding a piece 
of timber to a mast or spar, to strengthen it. 2. a. Used 
or employed in fishing, or by fishermen ; as, fishing- boat, 
fishing tackle, fishing village. 

FISHING, n. 1. The art or practice of catching fish. 2. A 
fishery. — Spenser. 

FISHTNG-FROG, n. A rapacious, spinous-finned sea-fish, 
also called angler and frog-fish, having a very large head. 

FISH'ING-PLaCE, n. A place where fishes are caught 
with seines ; a convenient place for fishing ; a fishery. 

FISH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of fish. 2. Inhabited by fish. 

3. Having the qualities of fish ; like fish. 

FISK, v. i. [Su. fiesca.] To run about. — Cotgrave. 

FIS'SiLE, a. [L.fissilis.] That may be split, cleft, or divid- 
ed in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints. 

FIS-SIL'I-TY, ii. The quality of being cleavable. 

FIS'SION (fish'un), n. A breaking up into parts. 

FIS-SIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. fissus and pario.] An epithet ap- 
plied to certain animals and vegetables of the lower or- 
ders, which are propagated by a spontaneous breaking up 
into minute portions, each of which has life and growth. 

FIS-SIP'AR-ISM, n. The breaking up of certain animals 
and vegetables into minute portions, each having life and 
growth. — Dana. 

FIS-SI-ROS'TRAL, a. [L. fissus and rostrum.] In ornitholo- 
gy, having a bill with a very wide gape ; a term applied 
to swallows, goat-suckers, &c. — Swainson. 

FIS'SI-PET), a. [L. fissus.] Having separate toes. 

FIS'SI-PED, n. An animal whose toes are separate, or not 
connected by a membrane. 

FIS'SUPlE (fish'yur), n. [Fr. from L. fissura, from findo, to 
split.] 1. A cleft ; a narrow chasm made by the parting 
of any substance ; a longitudinal opening. — 2. In surgery, 
a crack or slit in a bone, either transversely or longitudi- 
nally, by means of external force. — 3. In anatomy, a deep, 
narrow sulcus, or depression, dividing the anterior and 
middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side. 

FIS'SURE (fish'yur), v. t. To cleave ; to divide ; to crack 
or fracture. 

FIS'SUR£D (fish'yurd), pp. Cleft; divided; cracked. 

FIST, n. [Sax. fyst.) The hand clinched; the hand with 
the fingers doubled into the palm. 

FIST, v. t. 1. To strike with the fist.— Dryden. 2. To gripe 
with the fist. — Shak. ; [little used.] 

FISTIC, a. A term used colloquially in England for pugil- 
istic ; as, fistic exploits, fistic heroes. 

FIST1-CUFFS, n. pi. Blows or a combat with the fists ; a 
boxing. — Sicift. 

FIS'TI-NUT, n. A pistachio nut. 

FISTU-LA, n. [L.] 1. A pipe ; a wind instrument of music, 
originally a reed. — 2. In surgery, a deep, narrow, sinuous 
ulcer. — Fistula lachrymalis, a fistula of the lachrymal sac, 
a disorder accompanied with a flowing of tears. 

FIS'TU-LAR, a. Hollow, like a pipe or reed. 

FIS'TTI-LaTE, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula. 

FISTU-LaTE, v. t. To make hollow, like a pipe. [Rare.] 

FIS-TU-Ll'DANS, n. pi. A tribe of echinodermatous ani- 
mals, including tl ose which have an elongated, tube-like 
body. 

FIS'TU- LI-FORM. a. Being in round, hollow columns, as 
a mineral. — Phillips. 

FIS'TD-LOUS, a. 1. Having the nature of a fistula.— Wise- 
man. 2. Hollow, like a pipe or reed. 

FIT, ii. [qu. W. fith.) 1. The invasion, exacerbation, or 
paroxysm of a disease. 2. A sudden and violent attack of 
disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and some- 
times senseless ; a convulsion. 3. Any short return after 
intermission ; a turn ; a period or interval ; as, to move 



hy fits and starts. 4. A temporary affection or attacs. 
o. Disorder ; distemperature. 6. [Sax. Jut, a song.] An- 
ciently, a song, or part of a song ; a strain ; a canto. 7. 
The close and easy setting of an article of dress. 

FIT, a. [Flemish vitten.) 1. Suited to the nature and pro- 
priety of things ; as, fit to be done. 2. Having the requi- 
site qualifications ; as, fit to rule. — Syn. Suitable ; proper ; 
appropriate ; meet ; becoming ; expedient ; congruous , 
correspondent ; convenient ; apposite ; apt ; adapted ; 
prepared; qualified; competent; adequate. 

FIT, v. t. 1. To adapt ; to suit ; to make suitable. 2. To 
accommodate a person with any thing. 3. To prepare , 
to put in order for ; to furnish with things propor or nec- 
essary. 4. To qualify ; to prepare. — To Jit out, to fur- 
nish ; to equip ; to supply with necessaries or means. — 
To fit up, to prepare ; to furnish with things suitable ; to 
make proper for the reception or use of any person. 

FIT, v. i. 1. To be proper or becoming. 2. To suit or be 
suitable ; to be adapted; as, a garment fits well. 

FITCH, ii. A chick-pea. 

FITCH'ET, ) n. [W. gwicyll or gwicyn.] A pole-cat ; a 

FITCHEW, 5 foumart. 

FIT'FUL, a. Varied by sudden impulses. 

FITLi'-ER, a. or adv. More fit or fitly. 

FITLI-EST, a. Most fit— Coleridge. 

FIT'L Y, adv. 1. Suitably ; properly ; with propriety. 2- 
Commodiously ; conveniently. 

t FITMENT, n. Something adapted to a purpose. 

FITNESS, n. 1. Suitableness ; adaptedness ; adaptatdon. 
2. Propriety ; expediency ; meetness ; justness ; reason- 
ableness. 3. Preparation ; qualification. 4. Convenience ; 
the state of being fit. 

t FIT'TA-BLE, a. Suitable.— Sherwood. 

FITTED, pp. Made suitable ; adapted ; prepared ; qualified. 

FITTER, n. One who makes fit or suitable ; one who 
adapts ; one who prepares. 

FITTING, ppr. 1. Making suitable ; adapting ; preparing ; 
qualifying; providing with. 2. a. Fit, or appropriate. 

FIT'TING-LY, adv. Suitably.— More. 

FITZ. [Norm, fites, fiuz, or fiz, a son.] Used in names, as in 
Fitzherbert, Fitzroy, Carlovitz. 

FIVE, a. [Sa.-K.fif.) Four and one added; the half of ten. 

FIVE'-BaR, X rj . , . 

Fl VE'-B ARR E D, J a - Havin S five bars - 

FIVE'-CLEFT, a. Qninquefid; divided into five segments. 

Fi VE'-FIN"GER, n. A species of cinquefoil. — Mass. Rep. 

Fl VE'-FIN"GER£ D, a. Having five fingers, or parts resem- 
bling fingers. 

FiVE'-LeAF, n. Cinquefoil.— Drayton. 

FiVE'-Le'AF£D (-left), a. Having five leaves. 

FlVE'-LoBSD, a. Consisting of five lobes. 

FiVE'-PaRT-ED, a. Divided into five parts. 

FIVE'-TOOTH.ED (-tootht), a. Having five teetb. 

FlVE'-VALV_£D, a. Having five valves. [Botany.) 

FlVE'FoLD, a. In fives ; consisting of five in one ; nve- 
_double ; five times repeated. 

FIVES, n. A kind of play with a ball, against the side of 8 
building, resembling tennis. So called because three, five, 
or fifteen are counted to the game. — Smart, 

ViVEq?' > n. A disease of horses, resembling the strangles. 

FIX, v. t. [Fr. fixer.] 1. To make stable ; to set or establish 
immovably ; to settle ; to determine ; to institute ; to ap- 
point. 2. To set or place permanently ; to establish. 3. 
To make fast ; to fasten ; to attach firmly. 4. To set or 
place steadily ; to direct, as the eye. without moving it , 
to fasten. 5. To set or direct steadily, without wander- 
ing, as attention. 6. To set or make firm, so as to bear a 
high degree of heat without evaporating ; to deprive of 
volatility. 7. To transfix; to pierce. — Sandys; [little used.] 
8. To withhold from motion. — 9. In America, to put in 
order ; to prepare ; to adjust. [This last sense is not 
sanctioned by English usage. There is a vulgar use of 
fix as a noun for p? edicament ; as, to be in a bad fix, which 
should be studiously avoided. — Ed.] 

FIX, v. i. 1. To rest ; to settle or remain permanently ; to 
cease from wandering. 2. To become firm, so as to resist 
volatilization. 3. To cease to flow or be fluid ; to congeal ; 
to become hard and malleable. Bacon. — To fix on, to settle 
the opinion or resolution on any thing ; to determine on. 

FIX'A-BLE, a. That may be fixed, established, or rendered 
firm. 

FIX-A'TION, n. 1. The act of fixing. 2. Stability ; firm 
ness; steadiness; a state of being established. 3. Resi- 
dence in a certain place ; or a place of residence ; [little 
used.] 4. That firm state of a body which resists evapo- 
ration or volatilization by heat. 5. The act or process of 
ceasing to be fluid, and becoming firm ; state of being 
fixed. 

FIXjBD (fikst), pp. or a. Settled; established; firm; fast, 
stable. — Fixed air, called, generally, carbonic acid. — Fixed 
bodies, are those which can not be volarflized or separated 
by heat or a corrosive menstruum without great difficulty, 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € asp; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FLA 



408 



FLA 



us gold, <fec. Francis. — Fixed oils or alkalies, are tliose 
which remain in a permanent state and ax-e not easily vol- 
atilized ; so named as distinguished from volatile oils and 
alkalies, &c. — Fixed stars, are such stars as always retain 
the same apparent position and distance with respect to 
each other. 

FIX'ED-LY, adv. Firmly ; in a settled or established man- 
ner; steadfastly. 

FIX'ED-NESS, n. 1. A state of being fixed ; stability ; firm- 
ness ; steadfastness. 2. The state of a body which resists 
evaporation or volatilization by heat. 3. Firm coherence 
of parts; solidity. 

t FIX-ID'I-TY, n. Fixedness.— Boyle. 

FIXING, ppr. Settling ; establishing. 

FIX'I-TY, n. Fixedness ; coherence of parts ; that property 
of bodies by which they resist dissipation by heat. 

FIXTURE (fikst'yur), n. That which is permanently at- 
tached to something as an appendage ; as, the fixtures of a 
farm or a school-room. [This is a modern word, though 
frequently substituted in new editions of old works for 
fixure.] — Smart. 

FIXTJRE, n. Position ; stable pressure ; firmness. 

FIZ'GIG, n. 1. A fishgig, which see. 2. A gadding, flirting 
girl. 3. A fire-work, made of powder rolled up in a paper. 

VV77, 1 

i, £ ' „ S v. i. To make a hissing sound. 

FLAB'BI-LY, adv. In a flabby manner. 

FLAB'BI-NESS, n. A soft, flexible state of a substance, 
which renders it easily movable and yielding to pressure. 

FLAB'BY, a. [W.llib.] Soft; yielding to the touch ; easily 
bent ; hanging loose by its own weight. 

tFLX'BEL, 7i. [L. flabellum.] Ai&n.—Huloet. 

FLA-BEL'L ATE, a. Having the form of a fan. 

FLA-BEL'LI-FORM, a. [L. fiabellum, a little fan, and form.] 
Having the form of a fan ; fan-shaped. — Hitchcock. 

t FLAB'ILE, a. [L. fiabilis.} Subject to be blown.— Diet. 

FLACCID (flak'sid), a. [L. flaccidus.] Soft and weak ; lim- 
ber ; lax ; drooping ; hanging down by its own weight ; 
yielding to pressure. 

FLACCID-NESS, \ n. Laxity ; limberness ; want of firm- 

FLAC-CID'I-TY, j ness or stiffness. 

FLA€'CID-LY, adv. In a flaccid manner. 

FLA€K'ER, v. i. [Teut. fliggeren.] To flutter, as a bird.— 
Grose. [Local] 

FLAG, v. i. [W. llacdu ; L. flacceo.] 1. To hang loose with- 
out stiffness ; to bend down, as flexible bodies ; to be loose 
and yielding. 2. To grow spiritless or dejected ; to grow 
languid. 3. To grow weak ; to lose vigor. 4. To become 
dull or languid. — Syn. To droop ; decline ; fail ; languish ; 
pine. 

FLAG, v. t. To let fall into feebleness ; to suffer to droop. 

FLAG, n. [W. llec ; Ir. Hag.] A flat stone, used for paving ; 
or a pavement of flat stones. 

FLAG, v. t. To lay with flat stones. — Sandys. 

FLAG, n. [W. llac.] An aquatic plant, with a bladed leaf. 

FLAG, n. [Ger. flagge.] An ensign, or color; a cloth on 
which are usually painted or wrought certain figures, and 
borne on a staff. — To strike or lower the flag, is to pull it 
down upon the cap, in token of respect or submission. — 
To strike the flag, in an engagement, is the signal of sur- 
rendering. — To hang out the white flag, is to ask quarter, 
or, in some cases, to manifest a friendly design. The red 
flag is a sign of defiance or battle. — To hang the flag half 
mast high, is a token or signal of mourning. — Flag-officer, 
the commander of a squadron. — Flag-ship, the ship which 
bears the commander of a squadron, and in which his flag 
is displayed. — Flag-staff, the staff that elevates the flag. 

FLAG'-BROOM, n. A broom for sweeping flags. 

FLAG'-SToNE, n. A flat stone for pavement. 

FLAG-W6RM (-wurm), n. A worm or grub found among 
flags and sedge. 

FLA&'EL-LANT, n. [L. flagellans.] One who whips him- 
self in religious discipline. The Flagellants were a fanat- 
ical sect which arose in Italy, A.D. 1260. 

FLA6'EL-LaTE, v. t. To whip ; to scourge. 

FLA(J-EL-La'TION, n. [L. flagello.] A beating or whip- 
ping ; a flogging ; the discipline of the scourge. 

FLAG'EO-LET (flaj'o-let), n. [Fr.] A small wind instru- 
ment of music, with a mouth-piece at one end, and stops, 
like the old English flute. — P. Oyc. [Sometimes spelled 
flagelet.] 

FLAGGED (flagd), pp. Laid with flat stones. 

FLAG'GI-NESS, n. Laxity ; limberness ; want of tension. 

FLAG'GING, ppr. or a. Growing weak ; drooping ; laying 
with flat stones. 

FLAG'GING, n. 1. The act of laying with flag-stones. 2. A 

pavement or side-walk of flag-stones. 
FLAG'GY, a. I. Weak ; flexible ; limber ; not stiff.— Dry- 
den. 2. Weak in taste ; insipid. — Bacon. 3. Abounding 
with flags, the plant. 
FLA-GFTIOUS (fla-jish'us), a. [L. flagitium.] 1. Deeply 
criminal; grossly wicked ; as, a. flagitious deed. 2. Guilty 
of enormous crimes ; as, a flagitious man. 3. Marked or 



infected with scandalous crimes or vices ; as, flagitious 
times. — Syn. Atrnr.icms ; villainous; flagrant ; heinous, 
corrupt ; profligate ; abandoned. 

PLA-Gi'TIOUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness. 

FLA-<ii"TIOUS-NESS,-w. Extreme wickedness. 

FLAG'ON. n. [L. lagena.] A vessel with a narrow mouth, 
used for holding and conveying liquors. 

FLA/GRANCE, n. Notoriousness ; glaring offense.— Bp. Hall. 

FL a'GRAN-C Y, n. 1. A burning ; great heat ; inflammation , 
[obs.] 2. Excess ; enormity. 

FL A'GRANT, a. [L. flagrans.) l. Burning ; ardent ; eager. 
2. Glowing; red; flushed. 3. Red; inflamed. [The pre- 
ceding senses are unusual] 4. Flaming in notice ; glaring f 
notorious; enormous. 

FLA-GRAN'TE BEL'LO. [L.] The war raging. 

FLA-GRAN'TE DE-LWTO. [L.] During the perpetra- 
tion of the crime. 

FLa'GRANT-LY, adv. Ardently ; notoriously. 

FLa'GRaTE, v. t. To burn. [Little used.] 

FLA-GRa'TION, n. A burning. [Little used.] 

FLaIL, n. [D. vlegel; G.flegel] A wooden instrument tor 
thrashing or beating grain from the ear by hand. 

FLaKE, n. [Sax. flace; D. vlaak.] 1. A small collection of 
snow, as it falls from the clouds or from the air ; a little 
bunch or cluster of snowy crystals. 2. A platform of 
hurdles, or small sticks, on which codfish is dried ; [Massa- 
chusetts.] 3. A layer or stratum. 4. A collection or little 
particle of fire, or of combustible matter on fire, separated 
and flying off. 5. Any scaly matter in layers ; any mass 
cleaving off in scales. 6. A sort of carnations, of two col- 
ors only, having large stripes going through the leaves.- 
White-flake, see Flake-white. 

FLaKE, v. t. To form into flakes. — Pope. 

FLaKE, v. i. To break or separate in layers ; to peel or 
scale off. 

FLaKE'-WHiTE, n. A name often given to the purest 
white-lead. 

FLaK£D' (flaktf), pp. Formed into flakes. 

FLaK'I-NESS, n. The state of being flaky. 

FLaKTNG, ppr. Forming into flakes. 

FLaK/Y, a. 1. Consisting of flakes or locks. 2. Lying in 
flakes ; consisting of layers, or cleaving off in layers. 

FLAM, n. [Ice. flim ; W. Ham.] A freak or whim ; also, a 
falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext ; deception; delusion. 

FLAM, v. t. To deceive with falsehood ; to delude. 

FLAM'BEAU (flanrbo), n. [Fr.] A light or luminary made 
of thick wicks covered with wax. 

FLaME, n. [Fr.flamme; L. flamma.] 1. A blaze; burning 
vapor , inflammable gas in combustion. 2. Fire in gener- 
al. 3. Heat of passion ; tumult; combustion; blaze; vio- 
lent contention. 4. Ardor of temper or imagination ; bright- 
ness of fancy ; vigor of thought. — Waller. 5. Ardor of in- 
clination ; warmth of affection. 6. The passion of love ; 
ardent love. 7. Rage ; violence. 8. One beloved ; as, she 
was my first flame. 

FLaME, v. t. To inflame ; to excite. — Spenser. 

FLaME, v. i. 1. To blaze ; to burn in vapor, or in a current 
2. To shine like burning gas. 3. To break out in violence 
of passion. 

FLaME'-€6L-OR, n. Bright color, as that of flame. 

FLaME'-€6L-OR£D (-kul-lurd), a. Of the color of flame ; 
of a bright yellow color. — Shak. 

FLaME'-EyED (-ide), a. Having eyes like a flame. 

FLaME'LESS, a. Destitute of flame ; without incense. 

FLa'MEN, n. [L.] 1. In ancient Rome, a priest devoted to 
a particular god. 2. A priest. — Pope. 

FLaM'ING, ppr. 1. Burning in flame. 2. a. Bright ; red 
Also, violent ; vehement. 

FLaM'ING, n. A bursting out in a flame. 

FLaM'ING-LY, adv. Most brightly ; with great show or ve- 
hemence. 

FLA-MIN"GO, n. [Sp.J One of a genus of birds inhabiting 
warm climates, havmg the neck and legs very long, with 
palmated feet. When in full plumage, their color is almost 
entirely red. 

FLA-MiN'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to a Roman flamen. 

FLAM-MA-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of admitting to be set 
on fire, or enkindled into a flame or blaze ; inflammability 
[Little used.] 

FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being enkindled into flame 
[Little used.] 

FLAM-Ma'TION, n. The act of setting on flame. [Rare.] 

FLAM'ME-OUS, a. Consis'tir. g of flame ; like flame. 

FLAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. flamma.] Producing flame. 

FLAM-MIV'O-MOUS, a. [L. flamma and vomo.] Vomiting 
flames, as a volcano. 

FLaM'Y, a. 1. Blazing ; burning. 2. Having the nature of 
flame. 3. Having the color of flame. 

FLaNCH, n. In mechanism, the part of a piece screwed to 
something else. 

t FLANG, old pret. of the verb fling. — Mirror for Magistrates. 

FLAN6E, n. [Qu. flank, or Fr. frange, fringe, or Gr. <p;i\ay\.] 
A raised edge on the rim of a wheel, and also on the raila 



See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c. lot 



E, i, See., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD •— MoVE. BOOK. 



FLA 



409 



FLA 



of a certain kind of rail-way ; used in machinery, to keep 
the band from slipping oft) and to keep cars from running 
off the rails. 

FLANK, n. [Fr.flanc] 1. The fleshy or muscular part of 
the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. 2. 
The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of 
a brigade, regiment, or battalion; the extreme right or 
left. — 3. In fortification, that part of a bastion which reach- 
es from the curtain to the face. — 4. In architecture, the 
side of any building. 

FLANK, v. t. [Fr. flanquer.] 1. To attack the side or flank 
of an army or body of troops ; to place troops so as to at- 
tack or command the flank. 2. To post so as to overlook 
or command on the side. 3. To secure or guard on the 
side. 4. To turn the flank ; to pass round the side. 

FLANK, v. i. 1. To border ; to touch. 2. To be posted on 
the side. 

FLANKED (flankt), pp. Attacked on the side ; covered or 
"commanded on the flank. 

FLANK'ER, n. A fortification projecting so as to command 
the side of an assailing body. 

FLANK'ER, v. t. 1. To defend by lateral fortifications. 2. 
To attack sideways. — Evelyn. 

FLANK'ER.ED, pp. Attacked on the side ; defended by lat- 
eral works. 

FLANK'ER-ING, ppr. Defending by lateral works ; attack- 
ing sideways. 

FLANKING, ppr. Turning the flank ; attacking on the side, 
or commanding on the flank. 

FLAN'NEL, n. [Fr. jlanelle.] A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, 
of loose texture. 

FLAN'NEL-ED, a. Covered or wrapped in flannel. 

FLAP, n. [G. lappen and klappe.] 1. Any thing broad and 
limber that hangs loose or is easily moved. 2. The motion 
of any thing broad and loose, or a stroke with it. 3. The 
loose part of a coat behind from the hip downward. — 4. 
The flaps, a disease in the lips of horses. 

FLAP, v. t. 1. To beat with a flap. 2. To move something 
broad. 3. To let fall, as the brim of a hat. 

FLAP, v. i. 1. To move as wings, or as something broad or 
loose. 2. To fall, as the brim of a hat or other broad 
thing. 

FLAP -DRAG-ON, n. 1. A play in which they catch raisins 
out of burning brandy, and, extinguishing them by closing 
the mouth, eat them. 2. The thing thus caught and eaten. 

FLAP'-DRAG-ON, v. t. To swallow or devour. 

FLAP'-eARXD. a. Having broad, loose ears. — Shalt. 

FLAP'-JA€K, n. A sort of broad pancake ; also, an apple- 
puff. — Shak. 

FLAP'-MOUTHSD, a. Having loose, hanging lips. 

FLAPPED (flapt), pp. or a. Struck with something broad ; 
let down ; having the brim fallen ; as, a flapped hat. 

FLAPPER, n. He or that which flaps. 

FLAPPING, ppr. or a. Striking ; beating ; moving some- 
thing broad. — IS Estrange. 

FLaRE, v. i. 1. To waver ; to flutter ; to burn with an un- 
steady light. 2. To flutter with splendid show; to be 
loose and waving, as a showy thing. 3. To glitter with 
transient lustre. 4. To glitter with painful splendor. 5. 
To be exposed to too much light. 6. To open or spread 
outward. 

FLaRE, n. An unsteady, broad, offensive light. — Smart. 

FLaR'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Burning with a wavering fight ; 
fluttering ; glittering ; showy. 2. Opening ; widening out- 
ward ; as, a flaring fire-place. 

FLaR'ING-LY, adv. In a flaring manner. 

FLASH, n. fir. lasair, lasrach.] 1. A sudden burst of light; 
a flood of fight instantaneously appearing and disappear- 
ing. 2. A sudden burst of flame and light ; an instantane- 
ous blaze. 3. A sudden burst, as of wit or merriment. 4. 
A short, transient state. 5. A body of water driven by vi- 
olence. — Pegge ; [local.] 6. A little pool ; [local] 

FLASH, n. The slang language of thieves, robbers, &c. — 
Grose. 

FLASH, v. i. 1. To break forth, as a sudden flood of fight ; 
to burst or open instantly on the sight, as splendor. It 
differs from glitter, glisten, and gleam, in denoting a flood 
or wide extent of light. A diamond may glitter or glisten, 
but it does not flash. 2. To burst or break forth with a 
flood of flame and fight. 3. To burst out into any kind of 
violence. — Shak. 4. To break out, as a sudden expression 
of wit, merriment, or bright thought. 
FLASH, v. t. 1. To strike up a body of water from the 
surface. — Spenser. 2. To strike or to throw like a burst 
of light. 
FLASH-HOUSE, n. A place where thieves, robbers, &c, 

resort and deposit their plunder. 
FLASHER, n. 1. A man of more appearance of wit than 

reality.— Diet. 2. A rower ; [obs.] 
FLASH'I-LY, adv. With empty show ; with a sudden glare ; 

without solidity of wit or thought. 
FLASHING, ppr. or a. Bursting" forth as a flood of light, or 
of flame and light, or as wit, mirth, or joy. 



FLASHING, n. [Probably from Fr. plague or flague.] in 
architecture, a term applied to pieces of lead or other met 
al let into the joints of a wall, so as to lap over the gutters 
and prevent the plashing of rain in the interior works. 

FLASH'Y, a. 1. Showy, but empty ; dazzling for a moment 
but not solid. 2. Showy; gay. 3. Insipid; vapid, with- 
out taste or spirit. 4. Washy ; plashy ; see Plash. 

FLaSK, n. [G. flasche.] 1. A kind of bottle. 2. A vessel for 
powder. 3. A bed in a gun-carriage. 

FLISK'ET, n. 1. A vessel in which viands are served up 
— Pope. 2. A long, shallow basket. — Spenser. 

FLAT, a. [D. plat.] 1. Having an even surface, without ris- 
ings or indentures, hills or valleys. 2. Horizontal ; level ; 
without inclination, or with a moderate inclination, as a 
roof. 3. Prostrate ; lying the whole length on the ground 
4. Not elevated or erect; fallen. 5. Level with the ground; 
totally fallen. — 6. In painting, wanting relief or prominenct 
of the figures. 7. Tasteless ; stale ; vapid ; insipid ; dead 
8. Dull ; unanimated ; frigid ; lifeless : without point or 
spirit ; [applied to discourses and compositions.] 9. De 
pressed; spiritless; dejected. 10. Unpleasing; not afford 
ing gratification. 11. Peremptory ; absolute ; positive ; 
downright, as a refusal. 12. Not sharp or shrill ; not acute, 
as a sound. 13. Low, as the prices of goods ; or dull, as 
sales. 

FLAT, n. 1. A level or extended plain. — In America, it is 
applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is lev- 
el, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some ex- 
tent. 2. A level ground lying at a small depth under the 
surface of water ; a shoal ; a shallow ; a strand ; a sand- 
bank under water. 3. The broad side of a blade. — Dryden. 
4. Depression of thought or language. — Dryden. 5. A sur- 
face without relief or prominences. — Bentley. 6. In music, 
a mark of depression in sound, thus [b]. 7. A boat, broad 
and flat-bottomed. 8. A hat made of straw braid with a 
low crown and broad brim. 9. A story or loft in a build- 
ing ; [Scottish.] 10. One who is easily duped ; opposed to 
one who is sharp. — Rich. Diet. ; [vulgar.] 

FLAT, v. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1. To level ; to depress ; to lay 
smooth or even ; to make broad and smooth ; to flatten. 

2. To make vapid or tasteless. 3. To make dull or unan- 
imated. 

FLAT, v. i. 1. To grow flat ; to fall to an even surface. 2. 
To become insipid, or dull and unanimated. — 3. In music, 
to depress the voice ; to flatten. 

FLAT'-BOT-TOM_ED, a. Having a flat bottom, as a boat, 
or a moat in fortification. 

FLAT-FISH, n. A fish with a flat body, which swims on 
the side, and has both eyes on one side, as the flounder, 
halibut. &.c. In and near New York, a small salt-water fish 
of the_flounder kind, esteemed excellent food. 

FLAT-I-R.ON (-i-urn), n. An instrument used in smoothing 
clothes. 

FLAT-LONG, adv. With the flat side downward ; not edge- 
wise. — Shak. 

FLAT'-NoS-ED (-nozd), a. Having a flat nose. — Burton. 

FLAT-ROOF.ED (-rcoft), a. Having a flat roof. 

tFLA'TIVE, a. [L. flatus.] Producing wind ; flatulent. 

FLATLY, adv. 1. Horizontally ; without inclination. 2. 
Evenly ; without elevations and depressions. 3. Without 
spirit ; dully ; frigidly. 4. Peremptorily ; positively ; down- 
right. 

FLATNESS, n. 1 Evenness of surface ; levelness ; equal- 
ity of surface. 2. Want of relief or prominence. 3. Dead- 
ness ; vapidness ; insipidity. 4. Dejection of fortune ; low 
state.— Shak. 5. Dejection of mind ; a low state of the 
spirits ; depression ; want of fife. 6. Dullness ; want of 
point ; insipidity ; frigidity. 7. Gravity of sound, as op- 
posed to sharpness, acuteness, or shrillness. 

FLATTED, pp. Made flat ; rendered even on the surface ; 
also, rendered vapid or insipid. 

FLATTEN (flaftn). v. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1. To make flat ; to 
reduce to an equal or even surface ; to level. 2. To beat 
down to the ground ; to lay flat. 3. To make vapid or in- 
sipid ; to render stale. 4. To depress ; to deject, as the 
spirits ; to dispirit. — 5. In music, to depress, as the voice ; 
to render less acute or sharp. — To flatten a sail, in marine 
language, is to extend a sail lengthwise of the vessel, so 
that its effect is only lateral. — Brande. 

FLATTEN (flat'tn), v. i. 1. To grow or become even on 
the surface. 2. To become dead stale, vapid, or tasteless. 

3. To become dull or spiritless. — 4. In music, to depress 
the voice ; to render a sound less sharp. 

FLATT.EN.ED, pp. or a. Made flat. 

FLATT£N-ING, ppr. Making flat. 

FLATTER n. The person or thing by which any thing is 
flattened. 

FLATTER, v. t. [Fr. flutter.] 1. To soothe by praise ; to 
gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness ; to please a 
person by applause or favorable notice. 2. To please ; to 
gratify. 3. To praise falsely ; to encourage by favorable 
notice. 4. To encourage by favorable representations or 
indications. 5. To raise false hopes by representations 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; Q as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



FLA 



410 



FLE 



not well founded. 6 To please ; to soothe. — Dryden. 7. 
To wheedle ; to coax; to attempt to win. 

FLATTERED, pp. Soothed by praise ; pleased by com- 
mendation ; gratified with hopes, false or well founded ; 
wheedled. 

FLATTER-ER, n. One who flatters ; a fawner ; a wheed- 
ler ; one who praises another. 

FLATTER-1NG, ppr. 1. Gratifying with praise ; pleasing by 
applause ; wheedling ; coaxing. 2. a. Pleasing to pride or 
vanity ; gratifying to self-love. 3. Pleasing ; favorable ; 
encouraging hope. 4. Practicing adulation ; uttering false 
praise ; adulatory ; parasitical. 

KLAT'TER-ING-LY, adv. 1. In a flattering manner. 2. In 
a manner to favor ; with partiality. 

FLATTER- Y, n. [Fr. flatterie.] 1. False praise; commend- 
ation bestowed to accomplish some purpose. 2. Adula- 
tion ; obsequiousness ; wheedling ; sycophancy ; parasit- 
ism. 3. Just commendation which gratifies self-love. 

FLATTING, n. 1. A mode of painting, in which the paint, 
being mixed with turpentine, leaves the work flat, or with- 
out gloss. — Brande. 2. A method of preserving gilding un- 
burnished by touching it with size. — Knowles. 

FLATTISH, a, Somewhat flat.— Woodward. 

FLAT'U-LENCE, ) n. 1. Windiness in the stomach ; air 

FLATU-LEN-CY, > generated in a weak stomach and in- 
testines. 2. Airiness ; emptiness ; vanity. — Glenville. 

FLAT'U-LENT, a. [L. flatulentus.] 1. Windy ; affected with 
air generated in the stomach and intestines. 2. Turgid 
with air ; windy. 3. Generating or apt to generate wind 
in the stomach. 4. Empty ; vain ; big ; without substance 
or reality : puffy. 

FLATU-LENT-L Y adv. In a flatulent manner. 

t FLAT-U-Ori'l-TY, n. Windiness ; flatulence. 

t FLATU-OUS, a. [L. flatuosus.] Windy ; generating wind. 
— Bacon. 

FLATUS, n. [L.] 1. A breath ; a puff of wind. 2. Wind 
generated in the stomach ; flatulence. 

FLATWISE, a. or adv. With the flat side downward or 
next to another object ; not edgewise. 

* FLXUNT, v. i. 1. To throw or spread out; to flutter ; to 

display ostentatiously, 2. To carry a pert or saucy ap- 
pearance. — Boyle. 

* FLAUNT, n. Any thing displayed for show. 

* FLAUNTING, ppr. or a. Making an ostentatious display. 
FLXUNT'ING-LY, adv. In a flaunting way. 
FLA-Vl€'0-MOUS, a. [L.flavus and coma.] Having yellow 

hair. 

FLa'VOR, n. [qu. Fr. flairer.] The quality of a substance 
which affects the taste or smell in any manner ; taste, 
odor, fragrance, or smell. 

FLa'VOR, v. t. To communicate some quality to a thing, 
that may affect the taste or smell. 

FLI'VORjED, pp. or a. Having a quality that affects the 
sense of tasting or smelling. 

FLa'VOR-ING. ppr. Giving a flavor to. 

FLa'VOR-LESS, a. Without flavor ; tasteless. 

FLa'VOR-OUS, a. Pleasant to the taste or smell. 

tFLA'VOUS, a. [L.flavus.] Yellow.— Smith. 

FLAW, n. [W.flaw.] 1. A breach; a crack; a defect made 
by breaking or splitting; a gap, or fissure. 2. A defect; 
any defect made by violence or occasioned by neglect 3. 
A sudden burst of wind ; a sudden gust or blast of short 
duration. 4. A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tu- 
mult ; uproar ; [not used in tlie United States.] 5. A sudden 
commotion of mind; [not used.] — Syn. Blemish ; fault ; 
imperfection ; spot ; speck. 

FLAW, v.t. 1. To break; to crack. 2. To break; to vio- 
late ; [little used.] 

FLAWED (flaudO, pp. Broken ; cracked. 

FLAWING, ppr. Breaking ; cracking. 

FLAWLESS, a. Without cracks ; without defect. 

tFLAWN, n. [Sxx. flena.] A sort of flat custard or pie. 

t FLA W'TER, v. t. To scrape or pare a skin. 

FLAWY, a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks ; broken ; defective ; 
faulty. 2. Subject to sudden gusts of wind. 

FLAX, n. [Sax. fleax, flex.] 1. A plant of the genus linum, 
consisting of a single slender stalk, the skin or herl of 
which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, 
cambric, lawn, lace, &c. 2. The skin or fibrous part of 
the plant when broken and cleaned. 

FLAX'-CoMB, n. An instrument with teeth, through which 
flax is drawn for separating from it the tow or coarser 
part and the shives. — In America, we call it a hatchel. 

FLAX'-DRESS-ER, n. One who breaks and swingles flax. 

FLAX'-DRESS-ING, n. The process of breaking and swin- 
gling flax. 

FLAX'-PLANT, n. The phormium, a plant in New Zea- 
land. 

FLAX'-RaIS-ER, n. One who raises flax. 

FLAX'-SEED, n. The seed of flax. 

FLAX'-WEED, n. A plant. 

FLAX'EN (iiaks'n), a. 1. Made of flax. 2. Resembling flax ; 
of the color of flax ; fair, long, and flowing. 



FLAX'JEN-HaIRED, \a. Having hair of flaxen co l0 r.— 

FLAX'£N-HeAD-ED, 5 Irving. 

FL AX'Y, a. Like flax ; being of a light color ; fair. 

FLaY, v. t. [Sax. flean.] 1. To skin ; to strip off the skin 
of an animal. 2. To take oft" the skin- or surface of any 
thin-g ; [not used.] 

FLaY-ED, pp. Skinned ; stripped of the skin. 

FLaY'ER, n. One who strips off the skin. 

FLaY'ING, ppr. Stripping off the skin. 

FLeA, n. [Sax. flea.] An insect of the genus pulex, remark- 
able for its agility and its troublesome bite. 

FLeA'-BaNE, n. A name given to various plants from their 
supposed efficacy in driving away fleas. 

FLeA'-BiTE, \n. 1. The bite of a flea, or the red spot 

FLE A'-BlT-ING, 5 caused by the bite. 2. A trifling wound 
or pain, like that of the bite of a flea. 

FLeA'-BIT-TEN, a. 1. Bitten or stung by a flea. 2. Mean , 
worthless ; of low birth or station. 

FLeA'-WORT (fle'-wurt), n. An herb of the plantain kind, 
bearing nauseous mucilaginous seeds. 

FLSAK, n. A lock. See Flake. 

FLeAM, n. [D. vlym ; W. flaim.l In farriery, a sharp instru- 
ment used for opening veins for letting blood. 

FLECK, I v. t. [G. fleck.] To spot ; to etreak or stripe ; 

FLECK'ER, 5 to variegate ; to dapple ; [obs., or poetic only.] 

FLE€KjED (flekt), pp. or a. Spotted ; variegated with divers 
colors. — Shah. 

FLECTION, n. [L.flectio.] The act of bending, or state of 
being bent. 

FL ECTOR, n. A flexor, which see. 

FLED, pret. and pp. of flee. 

FLED6E (flej), a. [G. fliigge.] Feathered ; furnished witc 
feathers or wings ; able to fly. 

FLEDdE, v. t. To furnish w'ith feathers ; to supply with 
the feathers necessary for flight. 

FLED6.ED, pp. Furnished with feathers for flight; covered 
with feathers. 

FLEDdE'LING, n. A young bird just fledged. 

FLED(VTNG, ppr. Furnishing with feathers for flight. 

FLED(VING, 7i. A covering of feathers. 

FLEE, v. i. [Sax. flean, fleon, fleogan.] 1. To run with ra- 
pidity, as from danger ; to attempt to escape ; to hasten 
from danger or expected evil. 2. To depart ; to leave ; to 
hasten away. 3. To avoid ; to keep at a distance from. — 
To flee the question, in legislation, is said of one who leaves 
his seat to avoid giving his vote. 

FLEECE (flees), n. [Sax. flcos, flys, flese.] The coat of wool 
shorn from a sheep at one time. 

FLEECE, v. t. 1. To shear off a covering or growth of 
wool. 2. To strip of money or property ; to take from, 
by severe exactions. 3. To spread over, as with wool ; tc 
make white. 

FLEECED (fleest), pp. Stripped by severe exactions. 

FLEECED, a. Furnished with a fleece or with fleeces. 

FLEECE'LESS, a. Having no fleece. 

FLEE'CER, n. One who strips or takes by severe exac- 
tions. 

FLEE'CING, ppr. Stripping of money or property by se- 
vere demands of fees, taxes, or contributions. 

FLEE'CY, a. 1. Covered with wool ; woolly. 2. Resem- 
bling wool or.' a fleece ; soft ; complicated. 

FLEER, v. i. [Scot, flyre or fleyr.] 1. To deride ; to sneer 
to mock ; to gibe ; to make a wry face in contempt, or to 
grin in scorn. 2. To leer ; to grin with an air of civility. 

FLEER, v. t. To mock ; to flout at. — Beaum. and FL 

FLEER, n. 1. Derision or mockery, expressed by words 
or looks. — Shak. 2. A grin of civility. — South. 

FLEER'ER, n. A mocker ; a fawner. 

FLEERING, ppr. or a. Deriding ; mocking ; counterfeiting 
an air of civility. 

FLEER'ING-LY, adv. In a fleering manner. 

FLEET. [Sax. fleot.] In English names, denotes a flood, a 
creek or inlet, a bay or estuary, or a river ; as in Fleet 
street, North-flete, Fleet Prison. 

FLEET, n. [Sax. flota, fliet.] A navy or squadron of ships ■ 
a number of ships in company. 

FLEET, a. [Ice. fliotr.] 1. Swift of pace ; moving or able 
to move with rapidity ; nimble ; light and quick in motion, 
or moving with lightness and celerity. 2. Moving with 
velocity, as the wind. 3. Light ; superficially fruitful ; or 
thin ; not penetrating deep, as soil. — Mortimer. 4. Skim- 
ming the surface. — Mortimer. 

FLEET, v. i. 1. To fly swiftly ; to hasten ; to flit as a light 
substance. 2. To be in a transient state. 3. To float. 

FLEET, v. t. 1. To skim the surface ; to pass over rapidly. 
— Spenser. 2. To pass lightly, or in mirth and joy ; [not 
used.] 3. To skim milk ; [local, in England.] 

FLEETFOOT, a. Swift of foot; running or able to run 
with rapidity. — Shak. 

FLEETING, ppr. 1. Passing rapidly ; flying with velocity 
2. a. Not durable ; as, a fleeting show. T. Moore. — Syn 
Transient ; temporary ; momentary ; transitory ; evanes 
cent. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— 1, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



FLE 



411 



FL1 



FLEETTNG-DrSH, n. A skimming bowl. [Local] 

FLEET'ING-LY, adv. In a fleeting manner. 

FLEET'LY, adv. Rapidly; lightly and nimbly ; swiftly. 

FLEET'NESS, n. Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; 
speed ; nimbleness ; quickness. 

FLEMING, n. A native of Flanders. 

FLEMISH, a. Pertaining to Flanders. 

FLENSE, v. t. To cut up a whale and obtain the blubber. 

FLENS'ING, n. The act of cutting up a whale and obtain- 
ing its blubber. 

FLESH, n. [Sax. flctc, flee, or flasc] 1. A compound sub- 
stance forming a large part of an animal, consisting of the 
softer solids, as distinguished from the bones and the flu- 
ids. 2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable. 3. 
The body of beasts and birds used as food, distinct from 
fish ; as, Roman Catholics eat fish, instead of flesh, in Lent. 
4. The body, as distinguished from the soul. 5. Animal na- 
ture ; animals of all kinds. 6. Men in general ; mankind. 7. 
Human nature. 8. Tenderness ; human' feeling. — Cowper. 
9. Carnality ; corporeal appetites. 10. A carnal state ; a 
state of unrenewed nature. 11. The corruptible body of 
man, or corrupt nature. 12. The present life ; the state 
of existence in this world. 13. Legal righteousness, and 
ceremonial services. 14. Kindred ; stock ; family. — 15. 
In botany, the soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that 
part of a root, fruit, &o., which is fit to be eaten. — One 
flesh, denotes intimate relation. — To be one flesh, is to be 
closely united, as in marriage. — An arm of flesh, human 
strength or aid. 

FLESH, v.t. 1. To initiate ; [a sportsman's use of the word.] 

2. To harden ; to accustom ; to establish in any practice. 

3. To glut ; to satiate. — Shak. 

FLESH-BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling flesh in water. 

FLESH'-BRUSH, n. A brush for exciting action in the skin 
by friction. 

FLESH'-€LOGG£TD, a. Encumbered with flesh. 

FLESH-C6L-OR (kullur), n. The color of flesh ; car- 
nation. 

FLESH'-CoL-ORED, a. Being of the color of flesh. 

FLESH'-Dj-ET, n. Food consisting of flesh. 

FLESH'-FLT, h. A fly that feeds on flesh, and deposits her 
eggs in it. — Ray. 

FLESH'-HOOK, n. A hook to draw flesh from a pot. 

FLESH'-MkAT, n. Animal food ; the flesh of animals pre- 
pared or used for food. — Swift. 

FLESH'-M6N"GER (-mung'ger), n. One who deals in flesh ; 
a procurer ; a pimp. — Shak. [Little used.] 

FLESH'-POT, ft. A vessel in which flesh is cooked ; hence, 
plenty of provisions. — Ex., xvi. 

FLESHED (flesht), pp. or a. 1. Initiated ; accustomed ; 
glutted. 2. a. Fat; fleshy. 

fLESH'I-NESS, n. Abundance of flesh or fat ; plumpness ; 
corpulence; grossness. 

J»LESHTNG, ppr. Initiating; making familiar ; glutting. 

FLESH'LESS, a. Destitute of flesh ; lean. 

FLESH'LI-NESS, n. Carnal passions and appetites. 

tFLESH'LING, n. A mortal set wholly upon the carnal 
state. 

FLESH'LY, a, 1. Pertaining to the flesh ; corporeal. — Den- 
ham. 2. Carnal ; worldly ; lascivious. 3. Animal ; not 
vegetable. — Dryden. 4. Human ; not celestial ; not spir- 
itual or divine. 

FLESH'MENT, n. Eagerness gained by a successful initia- 
tion. — Shak. 

t FLESH'QUiKE, n. A trembling of the flesh. 

FLESHY, a. 1. Full of flesh ; plump ; musculous. 2. 
Fat ; gross ; corpulent. 3. Corporeal. 4. Full of pulp ; 
pulpous ; plump, as fruit. 

FLET, pp. of fleet. Skimmed. — Mortimer. [Not used.] 

FLETCH, v. t. [Fr. fleche.] To feather an arrow. 

FLETCHED (fletcht), pp. Feathered, as an arrow. 

FLETCHER, n. [Fr. fleche.] An arrow-maker ; a manufac- 
turer of bows and arrows ; [not used.] Hence the name 
of Fletcher. 

FLETCHTNG, ppr. Feathering. 

FLE-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L.fletus and fere.] Producing tears. 

, FLETZ, a. [G. flutz.] In geology, a term applied to the 
secondary strata, because they generally occur in flat or 
horizontal beds. — Brande. 

FLEUR DE LIS (tiur-dele') [Fr., flower of the lily; cor- 
rupted in English to flower de luce.] 1. A bearing in her- 
aldry, representing a hly, emblematic of royalty. — 2. In bot- 
any, the iris. 

FLEW (flu), pret. of fly. 

FLEW, n. The large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound. 

FLEWED, a. Chapped ; mouthed ; deep-mouthed. 

FLEX, v. t. [L. flecto, flexus.] To bend ; as, a muscle flexes 
the arm. 

t FLEX-AN'I-MOUS, a. Having power to change the mind. 

FLEXED (flekst), pp. or a. Bent; as, & flexed position. — 

Hosack. 
FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of admitting to be bent ; 
pliancy ; flexibleness. 2. Easiness to be persuaded ; the 



quality of yielding to arguments, persuasion, or circum- 
stances ; ductility of mind ; readiness to comply ; facility. 

FLEX'I-BLE, a. [L. flexibilis.] 1. That may be bent ; capa- 
ble of being turned or forced from a straight line or form 
without breaking ; yielding to pressure ; not s/tiff. 2. Ca- 
pable of yielding to entreaties, arguments, or 'other moral 
force ; that may be persuaded to compliance'; not invinci- 
bly rigid or obstinate ; not inexorable ; not firm. 3. Easi- 
ly managed or turned ; as, flexible minds. 4. That may 
be turned or accommodated ; as, ^./flexible principle. 
Rogers. — Syn. Pliant ; pliable ; supple ; tractable ; man- 
ageable ; ductile ; obsequious ; inconstant ; waverins. 

FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Possibility to be bent or turned 
from a straight line or form without breaking : easiness 
to be bent ; pliantness ; pliancy ; flexibility. 2. Facility 
of mind ; readiness to comply or yield ; obsequiousness 
3. Ductility ; manageableness ; tractableness. 

FLEX'I-BLY, adv. In a flexible manner. 

FLEX'lLE (fleks'il), a. [L. flexilis.] Pliant, pliable; easily 
bent ; yielding to power, impulse, or moral force. 

FLEXING, ppr. Bending. 

FLEX'ION (tleks'yun), n. [L.flexio.] 1. The act of bending. 
2. A bending ; a part bent ; a fold. — Bacon. 3. A turn ; a 
cast. — Bacon. See Inflection. 

FLEX'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle whose office is to bend 
the part to which it belongs ; opposed to extensor. 

FLEX'U-OUS (flek'shu-us), )a. [L. flexuosus.] 1. Winding; 

FLEX'U-oSE (flek'ahu-ose), 5 having turns or windings. 
2. Bending; winding; wavering; not ste*ady. — 3. In bota- 
ny, bending or bent; changing its direction In a curve. 

FLEX't'RE, n. [L.flexura.] 1. A winding or bending ; the 
form of bending ; incurvation. 2. The act of bending. 3. 
The part bent ; a joint. 4. The bending of the body ; ob- 
sequious or servile cringe. 

FLICK. See Flitch. 

FLICKER, v. i. [Sax. fliccerian.] 1. To flutter ; to flap the 
wings without flying. 2. To waver, fluctuate, or twinkle * 
as, the light flickers at a distance. 

FLIGK'ER-ING,£pr. 1. Fluttering; flapping the wings with- 
out flight. 2. a. Wavering ; fluctuating ; having a fluttei 
ing motion. 

FLIGK'ER-ING, n. A fluttering; short, irregular movo 
ments. 

FLI€K'ER-ING-LY, adv. In a flickering manner. 

FLICKER-MOUSE, n. The bat— Ben Jonson. 

FLl'ER, n. 1. One who flies or flees. 2. A runaway ; a fu- 
gitive. — Shak. 3. A part of a machine which, by moving 
rapidly, equalizes and regulates the motion of the whole. 

FLIGHT (flite), n. [Sax. fliht.] 1. The act of fleeing ; the 
act of running away, to escape danger or expected evil ; 
hasty departure. 2. The act of flying ; a passing through 
the air by the help of wings ; volitation. 3. The manner 
of flying. 4. Removal from place to place by flying. 5. 
A flock of birds flying in company. 6. A number of beings 
flying or moving through the air together. 7. A number 
of things passing through the air together ; a volley, as of 
arrows. 8. A periodical flying of birds in flocks. — 9. Tn 
England, the birds produced in the same season. 10. 
The space passed by flying. 11. A mounting; a soaring ; 
lofty elevation and excursion, as of fancy. 12. Excursion ; 
wandering; extravagant sally. 13. The power of flying. 
Shak. — 14. In certain lead-works, a substance that flies 
off in smoke. — 15. Flights are the husks or glume of oats. 
— Flight of stairs, the series of stairs from the floor, or 
from one platform to another. 

FLlGHT-SHOT. n. Th<- distance which an arrow flies. 

t FLIGHTED, a. Taking flight ; flying 

FLlGHTI-LY (flit'e-le), adv. In a flighty manner. 

FLlGHTI-NESS (flife-nes), n. 1. The state of being flighty 
or volatile. 2. A slight delirium. — Syn. Levity ; giddi- 
ness ; volatility ; lightness ; wildness. 

FLIGHTY (flife), a. 1. Fleeting; swift.— Shah 2. Wi'd; 
indulging the sallies of imagination. 3. Disordered in 
mind ; somewhat delirious. 

FLIM'FLAM, n. [Ice. flim.] A freak ; a trick. 

FLIM'SI-LY, adv. In a flimsy manner. 

FLIM'SI-NESS, n. State or quality of being flimsy ; thin, 
weak texture ; weakness : want of solidity. 

FLIM'SY, a. [W. IhjmsL] 1. Without strength or solid sub- 
stance, as an excuse. 2. Without strength or force ; spir- 
itless; as, flimsy lines. — Pope. 3. Thin; of loose texture; 
[little used.]— Syn. Weak ; feeble ; light ; superficial ; shal- 
low; vain. 

FLINCH, v. i. 1. To shrink ; to withdraw from ; to fail of 
proceeding, or of performing any thing. 2. To fail. ., 

FLINCH'ER, n. One who flinches or fails. 

FLINCHING, ppr. Failing to undertake, perform, or pro 
ceed ; shrinking ; withdrawing. 

FLINCHING, n. A shrinking or drawing back under pain 
or difficulty. 

FLINCH'ING-LY, adv. In a flinching manner. 
FLIN'DERS, n.pl. [D. flenter.] Small pieces or splinters; 
fragments. [Local in England, sometimes used in America.] 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE — AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, i Obsolete. 



FLI 



412 



FLO 



FLINTJER-MOUSE, n. A bat.— Googe. 

FLING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. flung. [Ir. lingim.) 1. To cast, 
send, or throw from the hand ; to hurl. 2. To dart ; to 
cast with violence ; to send forth. 3. To send forth ; to 
emit; to scatter, as colors. — Pope. 4. To throw ; to drive 
by violence. 5. To throw to the ground ; to prostrate. 
6. To baffle ; to defeat ; as, to fling a party in a law-suit. 
— To fling away, to reject; to discard. — To fling down. 1. 
To demolish ; to ruin. 2. To throw to the ground. — To 
fling off, to baffle in the chase ; to defeat of prey. — To fling 
out, to utter ; to speak. — To fling in, to throw in ; to make 
an allowance or deduction. — To fling open, to throw open ; 
to open suddenly or with violence. — To fling up, to relin- 
quish ; to abandon. 

FLING, v. i. 1. To flounce ; to wince ; to fly into violent 
and irregular motions. 2. To cast in the teeth ; to utter 
harsh language ; to sneer ; to upbraid. — To fling out, to 
grow unruly or outrageous. — Shak. 

FLING, n. 1. A throw; a flounce; a cast from the hand. 
2. A gibe ; a sneer ; a sarcasm ; a severe or contemptuous 
remark. 

FLING'ER, n. One who flings ; one who jeers. 

FLINGTNG, ppr. Throwing ; casting ; jeering. 

FLINT, n. [Sax. flint.] 1. In natural history, a sub-species 
of quartz. It is amorphous, interspersed in other stones, 
or in nodules or rounded lumps. Its surface is generally 
uneven, and covered with a rind or crust, is very hard, 
and strikes fire with steel. 2. A piece of this stone used 
in fire-arms, to strike fire. 3. Any thing proverbially hard. 

FLINT-GLASS, n. The purest and most beautiful kind of 
glass, distinguished by its containing oxyd of lead, to which 
it owes some of its most valuable qualities. It was origin- 
ally made of pulverized flints, whence the name. — Brande. 

PT TNT"— HE X P T* } 

FLINT-HEaRT-ED S a ' Havin & a nard » unfeeling heart. 

FLINTT, a. 1. Consisting of flint. 2. Like flint ; very hard ; 
not impressible. 3. Cruel ; unmerciful ; inexorable. 4. 
Full of flint-stones. 

FLIP, n. A mixed liquor, consisting of beer and spirit 
sweetened, and also warmed by a hot iron. 

FLIP'-DOG, n. An iron used, when heated, to warm flip. 

FLIP'FLAP, adv. or a. Noting the repeated stroke and 
noise of something broad and loose. — Ash. 

FLIP'PAN-CY, n. Smoothness and rapidity of speech ; vol- 
ubility of tongue ; fluency of speech. 

FLIP'PANT, a. [W. llipanu.] 1. Of smooth, fluent, and 
rapid speech ; speaking with ease and rapidity ; having a 
voluble tongue ; talkative. 2. Pert ; petulant ; waggish. 

FLIP'PANT-LY, adv. Fluently ; with ease and volubility of 
speech. 

FLIP'PANT-NESS, n. Fluency of speech ; volubility of 
tongue ; flippancy. 

KLIP'PER, n. The paddle of a sea-turtle ; a large fin of a 
fish. 

FLIRE. See Fleer. 

FLtRT (flurt), v. t. [qu. Sax. fleardian.} 1. To throw with 
a jerk, or sudden effort or exertion. 2. To toss or throw ; 
to move suddenly. 

FLiRT, v. i. 1. To jeer or gibe ; to throw out bantering or 
^ircastic words. 2. To run and dart about; to act with 
giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice; to play at 
courtship ; to coquet ; to be unsteady or fluttering. 

FLtRT, n. 1. A sudden jerk ; a quick throw or cast ; a dart- 
ing motion. 2. A young girl who acts with giddiness, or 
plays at courtship ; a coquette. 

FLiRT, a. Pert ; wanton.— Shak. 

FLiRT-A'TION, n. 1. A flirting ; a quick, sprightly motion. 
2. Playing at courtship ; coquetry. 

FLiRTED, pp. Thrown with a sudden jerk. 

FLiRT'I-GIG, n. A wanton, pert girl.— Grose. 

FLiRT'ING, ppr. or a. Throwing ; jerking ; tossing ; darting 
about ; giddy ; coquettish. 

FLiRTTNG-LY, adv. In a flirting manner. 

FLIT, v. i. [D. vlieden ; Sw. flyta.] 1. To fly away with a 
rapid motion ; to dart along ; to move with celerity through 
the air. 2. To flutter ; to rove on the wing. 3. To remove ; 
to migrate ; to pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one 
place to another. — 4. In Scotland, to remove from one hab- 
itation to another. 5. To be unstable ; to be easily or oft- 
en moved. — Dryden. 

f FLIT, a. Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet. 

FLITCH, n. [Sax. flicce.] The side of ahog salted and cured. 
--Swift. 

FLlTE, v. i. [Sax. flytan.] To scold.— Grose. [Local] 

FLIT'TED, pp. Removed ; flown swiftly ; migrated. 

FLITTER, v. i. To flutter, which see.— Chaucer. 

FLITTER, n. A rag ; a tatter. See Fritter. 

FLITTER-MOUSE, n. A bat. 

FLITTI-NESS, n. Unsteadiness; levity; lightness. 

FLITTING, ppr. or a. Flying rapidly ; moving by starts ; 
fluttering. 

FLITTING, n. 1. A flying with celerity ; a fluttering. 2. A 
rem oval from one habitation to another. [Scottish.] 



FLITTING-LY, adv. In a flitting manner. 

FLITTY, a. Unstable ; fluttering.— More. 

tFLIX, n. [qu. from flax.] Down ; fur. — Dryden. 

FLIX'-WEED, n. A species of water-crosses. 

fFLc, n. An arrow. — Chaucer. 

FLoAT, n. [Sax. flota.] 1. That which swims or is borne 
on water ; a body or collection of timber, boards, or planks 
fastened together and conveyed down a stream ; a raft. 
[Raft is more common in the United States.] 2. The cork 
or quill used on an angling line, to support it and discover 
the bite of a fish. 3. The act of flowing ; flux ; flood ; [obs. \ 
— 4. The float-hoard of a wheel, which see. 5. A quantity of 
earth, eighteen feet square and one deep. — -Mortimer. l o. 
[Fr. flot.] A wave. 7. A kind of wooden rule or trowel, 
with which masons float over and smooth the plastering 
on walls. 

FLoAT, v. i. [Sax. fleotan, flotan.] 1. To be borne or sus- 
tained on the surface of a fluid ; to swim ; to be buoyed 
up ; not to sink ; not to be aground. 2. To move or be 
conveyed on water ; to swim. 3. To be buoyed up ana 
moved or conveyed in a fluid, as in air. — 4. Figurative'^ 
to move with a light, irregular course ; as, to float before 
the mind. 

FLoAT, v. t. 1. To cause to pass by swimming; to cause to 
be conveyed on water. 2. To flood ; to inundate ; to over- 
flow ; to cover with water. 3. To smooth the plastering of 
awall with a float dipped often in water. 

FLoAT'-BoARD, n. A board of an under-shot water-wheel, 
en which the water strikes, giving motion to the wheel. 

FLoATA<JE, a. Any thing that floats on the water. 

FLoAT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Flooded ; overflowed ; leveled with 
a float. 2. Borne on water. 

FLoAT'ER, n. One who floats or swims. — Eusden. 

FLOATING, ppr. or a. 1. Swimming; conveying on water ; 
overflowing ; leveling with a float. 2. Lying flat on the 
surface of the water. 3. Circulating; passing; not fixed. 

FL5AT'ING-BRLD6E, n. 1. A bridge consisting of logs or 
timber, with a floor of plank, supported wholly by the wa- 
ter. — 2. In war, a kind of double bridge, used for carrying 
troops over narrow moats. 3. A large steam ferry -boat- 
Francis. — Buchanan. [England.] 

FLoATTNG-lSI/AND (Hand), n. A sort of food made of 
milk, white wine, sugar, and eggs, with raspberry or straw- 
berry marmalade, jam, &c. 

FLoAT'ING-LlGHT, n. A substitute for a light-house, be- 
ing a ship moored on sunken rocks, shoals, &c, with a 
light aloft, to warn mariners of their danger. 

FLoAT'ING-LY, adv. In the way of floating. 

FLoAT'-SToNE. n. Spongiform quartz, a mineral of a 
spongy texture. 

FLo AT'Y, a. Buoyant ; swimming on the surface ; light. 

FLO€-CIL-LITIO*N (flok-sil-la'shun), n. A picking of bed- 
clothes by a sick person, an alarming symptom in acute 
diseases. — Brande. 

FLOC'CU-LENCE, n. [L. flocculus.] The state of being in 
locks or flocks ; adhesion in small flakes. 

FLOC'CU-LENT, a. Coalescing and adhering in locks or 
flakes. 

FLOCK, to. [Sax. floce.] 1. A company or collection; [ap- 
plied to sheep and other small animals.] 2. A company or 
collection of birds of any kind, and, when applied to birds 
on the wing, a flight. 3. A body or crowd of people ; [lit- 
tle used.] 4. A lock of wool or hair ; also, pieces of cloth 
cut up very fine. 

FLOCK, v. i. To gather in companies or crowds. [Applied 
to men or other animals.] 

FLOCK'-BED, n. A bed filled with locks of coarse wool, 
or pieces of cloth cut up fine. 

FLOCK'-PI-PER, n. A kind of wall-paper, having raised 
figures resembling cloth made of flock, or cloth cut up very 
fine, and attached to the paper by size or varnish. 

FLOCKING, ppr. Collecting or running together. 

t FLOCK'L Y, adv. In a body ; in a heap. — Huloet. 

FLOCK'Y, a. Abounding with flocks or locks. 

FLoE, n. Among seamen, a large mass of floating ice in the 
ocean. 

FLCETZ. See Fletz. 

FLOG, v. t. [L. fligo.] To beat or strike with a rod or whip ; 
to whip ; to lash ; to chastise with repeated blows. [A col 
loquial word.] 

FLOGGED (flogd), pp. Whipped or scourged for punish- 
ment; chastised. 

FLOG'GING. ppr. Whipping for punishment ; chastising 

FLOG'GING, n. A whipping for punishment. 

t FL6NG. Old part. pass, from fling. 

FLOOD (flud), n. [Snx. flod.] 1. A great flow of water; a 
body of moving water ; a body of water rising, swelling, 
and overflowing land not usually covered with" water. — 2. 
The flood, by way of eminence, the deluge ; the great body 
of water which inundated the earth in the days of Noah. 
3. A river; [a sense chiefly poetical.] 4. The flowing of the 
tide ; the semi-diurnal swell or rise of water in the ocean ; 
opposed to ebb. 5. A great quantity ; an inundation ; an 



* See Synopsis. I, E, f , &c, long.— a. 1. 1, &c. shm-t.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— M ARtNE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOQK, 



FLO 



413 



FLO 



overflowing; abundance; superabundance. 6. A great 
body or stream of any fluid substance. 7. Menstrual dis- 
charge. 

r : L60D, v. t. To overflow ; to inundate ; to deluge. 

FLOOD'-GITE, n. 1. A gate to be opened for letting water 
flow through, or to be shut to prevent it. 2. An opening 
or passage ; an avenue for a flood or great body. 

FLOOD'-MARK, n. The mark or line to which the tide 
rises ; high-water mark. 

FLOOD'ED (flud'ed), pp. Overflowed ; inundated. 

FL60DTNG, ppr. Overflowing; inundating. 

FLOODING, n. Any preternatural discharge of blood from 
the uterus. 

FLOOR, n. The arm of an anchor. See Fluke, the usual 
orthography. 

FLOOKTNG, n. In mining, an interruption or shifting of a 
lode of ore by a cross vein or fissure. 

FLOOKT, a. Furnished with nooks, or flukes. 

FLOOR (flore), n. [Sax. fior, flore.] 1. That part of a build- 
ing or room on which we walk. 2. A platform of boards 
or planks laid on timbers. 3. A story in a building ; as, 
the first floor, which, in England, is the one above the 
ground-floor, called, in America, the second story. 4. A flat, 
Sard surface, made of loam, lime, &c, used in some kinds 
of business, as in malting. 5. The bottom of a vessel on 
each side of the keelson. 

FLOOR, v. t. 1. To lay a floor ; to cover timbers with a 
floor; to furnish with a floor. 2. To strike down; to 
prostrate ; as, to floor an antagonist ; [applied to boxing or 
torestling.] — 3. Figuratively, to put down or silence by 
some decisive argument, retort, &c. — Coleridge. 

FLOOR-CLOTH, n. Oil-cloth, or painted cloth, for cover- 
ing floors. 

FLOOR'-TIM-BERS, n. pi. The timbers on which a floor is 
laid. 

FLoORJED, pp. Covered with boards, plank, or pavement ; 
furnished with a floor ; struck down. 

FLOOR'ING, ppr. Laying a floor ; furnishing with a floor ; 
striking down. 

FLoOR'ING, n. 1. A platform ; the bottom of a room or 
building ; pavement. 2. Materials for floors. 

FLOOR'LESS, a. Having no floor. 

FLOP, v. t. [a different spelling of flap.) 1. To clap or strike 
the wings. 2. To let down the brim of a hat. 

FLO'RA, n. [L.] 1. In antiquity, the goddess of flowers. — 2. 
In modern usage, a catalogue or account of flowers or 
plants. 3. The plants of a particular country. 
FLo'RAL, a. [L.floralis.] 1. Containing the flower ; imme- 
diately attending the flower. 2. Pertaining to Flora, or to 
flowers. 

FLOR'EN, \n. An ancient gold coin of Edward III., of 

FLORENCE. 5 six shillings sterling value. 

FLORENCE, n. 1. A kind of cloth. 2. A kind of wine 

from Florence, in Italy. 
FLOR'EN-TlNE, n. 1. A native of Florence. 2. A kind of 

silk cloth, so called. 
FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. florescens.] In botany, the season 

when plants expand their flowers. 
FLO'RET, n. [Ft. fleurette.] A little flower ; the partial or 

separate little flower of an aggregate flower. 
FLOTJ-AOE, n. [Ft. flori.] Bloom; blossom.— J. Scott. 
FLOR'ID, a. [L. floridus.) 1. Literally, flowery ; covered or 
abounding with flowers ; [little used.] 2. Bright in color ; 
flushed with red ; of a lively red color. 3. Embellished 
with flowers of rhetoric ; enriched with lively figures ; 
splendid; brilliant. 
FLO-RID'I-TY, n. Freshness or brightness of color ; ftor- 



FLORTD-LY, adv. In a showy and imposing way. — A. Wood. 

FLOR'ID-NESS, n. 1. Brightness or freshness of color or 
complexion. 2. Vigor; spirit; [little used.] 3. Embellish- 
ment ; brilliant ornaments ; ambitious elegance ; [applied 
to style.] 

FLO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L.florifer.] Producing flowers. 

FLOR-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act or time of flowering. 

FLoTvI-FORM, a. In the form of a flower. 

FLOR'IN, n. [Ft. florin ; It. fiorino.] A coin, originally made 
at Florence. The silver florins vary in value from Is. to 
2s. 4d. sterl. ; the gold florin of Hanover is valued at 6s. lid. 

FLo'RIST, n. [Ft. fleuriste.] 1. A cultivator of flowers ; one 
skilled in flowers. 2. One who writes a flora, or an ac- 
count of plants. 

t FLOR'U-LENT, a. Flowery; blossoming. 

FLOS'€U-L AR, > a. In botany, a flosculous flower is a com- 

FLOS'CU-LOUS, 5 pound flower, composed of florets with 
funnel-shaped petals. 

FLOS'CULE, n. [L. flosculus.] In botany, a partial or lesser 

floret of an aggregate flower. 
FLOS FER'Rl, n. [L.] A mineral, a variety of arragonite 

called coralloidal arragonite. 
FLOSS, n. [L. flos.] 1. A downy or silky substance in the 
husks of certain plants. — Tooke. 2. A fluid gloss floating 
on iron in the furnace, produced by the vitrification of 



oxyds and earths. — Ure. 3. Untwisted filaments of the 
finest silk, used in embroidery on satin, <fcc. 

FLOSS'-SILK, n. An inferior kind of silk, from bad co- 
coons, ravelings, &c, which is carded and spun like flax, 
and used in making the coarser fabrics. 

FLOS-SI-FI-CA.TION, n. A flowering ; expansion of flow- 
ers. — Med. Rcpos. [Novel.] 

FLo'TA, n. [Sp.] A fleet ; but appropriately, a fleet of Span- 
ish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to 
Vera Cruz. 

FLOT'AOE, n. [Ft. flottage.] That which floats on the sea, 
or on rivers. [Little used.] 

FLO-Ta'TION, n. The act of floating. 

t FLoTE, v. t. To skim.— Tusser. 

FLO-TIL'LA, n. [dim. of flota.) A little fleet, or fleet of 
small vessels. 

FLOT'S AM, > n. Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on 

FLOT'SON, 5 the sea. 

iFLOTTEX,pp. Skimmed. 

FLOUNCE (nouns), v. i. [D. plonssen.] 1. To throw the 
limbs and body one way and the other ; to spring, turn, 
or twist with sudden effort or violence ; to struggle, as a 
horse in mire. 2. To move with jerks or agitation. 

FLOUNCE, v. t. To deck with a flounce. 

FLOUNCE, n. 1. A sixdden jerking motion of the body. 2. 
A narrow piece of cloth sewed to a petticoat, frock, or 
gown, with the lower border loose and spreading. 

FLOUNC-ED (flounst), pp. Decked with a flounce. 

FLOUN'CING, ppr. Decking with a flounce. 

FLOUNDER, n. [Sw. flundra.] A flat-fish, smaller than the 
halibut, and generally found in rivers near the sea. 

FLOUN'DER, v. i. To fling the limbs and body, as in 
making efforts to move ; to struggle, as a horse in the 
mire i to roll, toss, and tumble. 

FLOUNTjER-ING, ppr. Making irregular motions ; strug- 
gling with violence. 

FLOUR, n. [originally flower ; Ft. fleur.] The edible part 
of ground corn or grain ; meal. 

FLOUR, v.t. [Sp. florear.) 1. To grind and bolt ; to convert 
into flour. 2. To sprinkle with flour. 

FLOURED (flourd), pp. Converted into flour ; sprinkled 
with flour. 

FLOURING, ppr. Converting into flour ; sprinkling with 
flour. 

FLOURTNG, n. The business of converting grain into flour 

FLOURISH (flur'ish), v. i. [L. floresco.] 1. To thrive ; tc 
grow luxuriantly ; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy, 
growing plant. 2. To be prosperous ; to increase in 
wealth or honor ; to prosper. 3. To grow in grace and 
in good works ; to abound in the consolations of religion 

4. To be in a prosperous state ; to grow or be augmented 

5. To use florid language ; to make a display of figures and 
lofty expressions ; to be copious and flowery. 6. To make 
bold strokes in writing ; to make large and irregular lines. 
7. To move or play in bold and irregular figures. — 8. In 
music, to play with bold and irregular notes, or without 
settled form. 9. To boast ; to vaunt ; to brag. 

FLOURISH (flur'ish), v. t. 1. To adorn with flowers or 
beautiful figures, either natural or artificial ; to ornament 
with any thing showy. 2. To spread out ; to enlarge into 
figures. — Bacon. 3. To move in bold or irregular figures ; 
to move in circles or vibrations by way of show or tri- 
umph ; to brandish, as a sword. 4. To embellish with 
the flowers of diction ; to adorn with rhetorical figures ; 
to grace with ostentatious eloquence ; to set off with a 
parade of words. — Collier. 5. To adorn; to embellish. — 
Shah. 6. To mark with a flourish or irregular stroke. 
FLOURISH (flur'ish), n. 1. Beauty ; showy splendor.— 
Crashaw. 2. Ostentatious embellishment ; ambitious co- 
piousness or amplification ; parade of words and figures ; 
show. 3. Figures formed by bold, irregular lines, or fan- 
ciful strokes of the pen or graver. 4. A brandishing ; the 
waving of a weapon or other thing. 

FLOURISHED (flur'isht), pp. Embellished ; adorned with 
boVl and irregular figures or lines ; brandished. 

FLOUR'ISH-ER (flur'ish-er), n. 1. One who flourishes ; one 
who thrives or prospers. 2. One who brandishes. 3. 
One who adorns witlffanciful figures. 

FLOURISHING (flurlsh-ing), ppr. or a. 
perous ; increasing ; making a show. 

FLOURISH-ING-LY" (flurfsh-ihg-ry), adv. 
ostentatiously. 

FLOUT, v. t. [Scot, flyte.] To mock or insult , to treat with 
contempt. — Walton. 

FLOUT, v. i. To practice mocking ; to sneer ; to behava 
with contempt. 

FLOUT, n. A mock ; an insult. 

FLOUT'ED, pp. Mocked ; treated with contempt. 

FLOUT'ER, n. One who flouts and flings ; a mocker. 

FLOUTING, ppr. Mocking ; insulting ; fleering. 

FLOUTTNG-LY, adv. With flouting ; insultingly. 

FLoW, v. i. [Sax. flowan.] 1. To move along an inclined 
plane, or on descending ground, by the operation of grav 



Thriving; pros- 
With flourishes ; 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ,— AN'GER, Vt'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete. 



FLO 



414 



FLU 



Ity, and with a continual change of place among the par- 
ticles or parts, as a fluid. 2. To melt ; to become liquid. 
3 To proceed ; to issue ; as, to flow from any cause. 4. 
To abound ; to have in abundance. 5. To be full ; to be 
copious ; as, flowing cups or goblets. 6. To glide along 
smoothly, without harshness or asperity. 7. To be smooth, 
as composition or utterance. 8. To hang loose and wav- 
ing. 9. To rise, as the tide ; opposed to ebb. 10. To 
move in the arteries and veins of the body , to circulate, 
as blood. 11. To issue, as rays or beams of light. 12. 
To move in a stream, as air. 

FLOW, v. t. To cover with water ; to overflow ; to inun- 
date. 

FLoW, A. 1. A stream of water or other fluid ; a current. 
2. A current of water with a swell or rise ; opposed to 
ebb. 3. A stream of any thing. 4. Abundance ; copious- 
ness with action ; as, a flow of spirits. 5. A stream of dic- 
tion, denoting abundance of words at command, and facil- 
ity of speaking ; volubility. 6. Free expression or com- 
munication of generous feelings and sentiments ; as, " the 
flow of soul." 

FLoW£D, pp. Overflowed ; inundated. 

FLOWER, n. [Fr. fleur ; Sip.flor.] 1. In botany, that part 
of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with 
their coverings. — 2. In popular language, a blossom or 
flower is the flower-bud of a plant, when the petals are 
expanded. 3. The early part of life, or, rather, of man- 
hood ; the prime ; youthful vigor ; youth. 4. The best or 
finest part of a thing ; the most valuable part. 5. The 
finest part ; the essence ; as, the choice and flower of all 
things. — Hooker. 6. He or that which is most distinguish- 
ed for any thing valuable. 7. The finest part of grain pul- 
verized. In this sense, it is now always written flour, 
which see. — Flowers, pi. 1. In old chemistry, fine particles 
of bodies, especially when raised by fire in sublimation ; 
equivalent to sublimate ; as, the flowers of sulphur. — 2. In 
rhetoric, figures and ornaments of discourse or composi- 
tion. 3. Menstrual discharges. 

FLOWER, v. i. 1. To blossom ; to bloom ; to expand the 
petals, as a plant. 2. To be in the prime and spring of 
life ; to flourish ; to be youthful, fresh, and vigorous. 3. 
To froth ; to ferment gently ; to mantle, as new beer. — 
Bacon. 4. To come as cream from the surface. — Milton. 

FLOWER, v. t. To embellish with figures of flowers ; to 
adorn with imitated flowers. 

FLOWER-BEaR'ING, a. Producing flowers. 

FLOWER-BUD, n. The bud which produces a flower. 

FLOWER-CROWKED, a. Crowned with flowers. 

FLOWER-FENCE n. The Barbadoes flower-fence is a beau- 
tiful tropical bush, with prickly branches and showy yel- 
low or red flowers ; so called because sometimes used for 
hedges in the West Indies. — P. Cyc. 

FLOWER-GARDEN, n. A garden in which flowers are 
chiefly cultivated. 

FLOWER-gEN'TLE, n. A plant, the amaranth. 

FLOWER-IN-W0V'£N, a. Adorned with flowers. 

FLOWER-KiR'TL-ED (-kurtld), a. Dressed with garlands 
of flowers. — Milton. 

FLOWER-STALK (-stawk), n. In botany, the peduncle of 
a plant, or the stem that supports the flower. 

FLOWEE.-AGE, n. Flowers taken collectively ; the state 
of being in flower. 

FLOWER-DE-LuCE, n. [Fr. fleur de lis.] In botany, the 
iris, a genus of herbaceous perennial plants, called, also, 
flas '-flower, and sometimes written flower-de-lis. 

FLOWERED, pp. or a. 1. Expanded into flowers. 2. Em- 
bellished with figures of flowers. 

FLOWER-ET, n. [Fr. fleurette.] A small flower ; a floret. 
— Dryden. [Floret is used in botany.] 

FLOWER-FUL, a. Abounding with flowers. 

FLOWER-I-NESS, a. 1. The state of being flowery, or of 
abounding with flowers. 2. Floridness of speech ; abund- 
ance of figures. 

FLOWER-ING, ppr. or a. 1. Blossoming; blooming; ex- 
panding the petals, as plants. 2. Adorning with artificial 
flowers, or figures of blossoms. 

FLOWER-ING, n. 1. The season when plants blossom. 
2. The act of adorning with flowers. 

FLOWER-LESS, a. 1. Having no flowers. Chaucer.— 2. 
In botany, having no flowers or organs of fructification. — 
Lind.ley. 

FLOWER-LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of flowers. 

FLOWER-Y, a. 1. Full of flowers ; abounding with blos- 
soms. 2. Adorned with artificial flowers, or the figures 
of blossoms. 3. Highly embellished with figurative lan- 
guage ; florid. 

FLOWING, ppr. or a. Moving as a fluid ; issuing ; pro- 
ceeding ; abounding ; fluent or smooth, as style ; inun- 
dating. 

FLOWING, n. The act of running or moving as a fluid ; 
an issuing ; an overflowing ; rise or great abundance of 
water. 

FLoWING-LY, adv. With volubility ; with abundance. 



FLoWING-NESS, n. Smoothness of diction ; stream of 
diction. — Nichols. 

FLO WK, ) n. [Sax. ^oc.] A flat fish much like the common 

FLUKE, 5 flounder.— Carew. 

FLOWN, pp. of fly. 

FLu'ATE, ii. In chemistry, a supposed compound of fluoric 
acid with a base ; properly, fluorid. 

FLUC'TU-ANT, a. [L. fluctuans.] Moving like a wave ; 
wavering ; unsteady. — L' Estrange. 

FLUCTU-aTE, v. i. [L. fluctuo.] 1. To move as a wave , 
to roll hither and thither ; to wave. 2. To float backward 
and forward, as on waves. 3. To move now in one direc- 
tion and now in another ; to be wavering or unsteady. 4 
To be irresolute or undetermined. 5. To rise and fall • 
to be in an unsettled state ; to experience sudden viciss 
tudes. — SrN. To waver ; vacillate; hesitate; scruple. 

FLUCTU-A-TING, ppr. 1. Wavering ; rolling as a wave 
moving in this and that direction , rising and falling. 2. a 
Unsteady ; wavering ; changeable. 

FLU€-TU-A'TION, n. [L. fluctuation 1. A motion like that 
of waves ; a moving in this and that direction. 2. A wav 
ering ; unsteadiness. 3. A rising and falling suddenly. 

FLUD'ER, In. An aquatic fowl of the diver kind, nearly 

FLUD'DER, 5 as large as a goose. 

FLuE (flu), n. A passage for smoke in a chimney. 

FLuE, n. [G. flaum; Lat. pluma.] Light down, such as 
rises from beds, cotton, &c. ; soft down, fur. or haL.- 
Tooke. 

FLU-EL'LEN, n. The speedwell, a plant. 

t FLfJ'ENCE, for fluency. 

FLu'EN-CY, n. [L.fluens.] 1. The quality of flowing , [ap- 
plied to speech or language;] smoothness ; freedom from 
harshness. 2. Readiness of utterance ; facility of words , 
volubility. 3. Affluence ; abundance ; [obs.] 

FLu'ENT, a. 1. Liquid; flowing. —Bacon. 2. Flowing, 
passing. — Ray. 3. Ready in the use of words ; voluble > 
copious ; having words at command, and uttering them 
with facility and smoothness. 4. Flowing ; voluble ; 
smooth. 

FLu'ENT, n. 1. A stream ; a current of water ; [little used,.] 
— 2. In analysis, a variable quantity, considered as increas- 
ing or diminishing. The term integral is now used in- 
stead of fluent. 

FLu'ENT-LY, adv. With ready flow; volubly; without 
hesitation or obstruction. 

FLtJ'G.EL-MAN (flu'gl-man), n. [G.] In German, the leader 
of a file. — But with us, one who stands in front of a body 
of soldiers, and whose motions in the manual exercises 
they all simultaneously follow. 

FLU'ID, a. [h.fluidus.] Having parts which easily move 
and change their relative position without separation, and 
which easily yield to pressure ; that may flow ; liquid, as 
water, spirit, air. 

FLu'ID, n. Any substance whose parts easily move and 
change their relative position without separation, and 
which yields to the slightest pressure ; a liquid ; opposed 
to solid. 

FLU-ID'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of flowing , 
that quality of bodies which renders them impressible to 
the slightest force, and by which the parts easily move or 
change their relative position without a separation of th« 
mass ; a liquid state ; opposed to solidity. 

FLuTD-NESS, 11. The state of being fluid ; fluidity, which 
see. 

FLuKE, n. That part of an anchor which fastens in thn 
ground. 

FLO WK \ n - A flat fish much like the flounder - 

FLu KE-W6RM (-wurm), n. A small flat worm often found 
in the intestines of sheep ; called gourd-worm, from its re- 
semblance to the seed of a gourd. 

FLuME, n. [Sax.,/hm.J The passage or channel for the 
water that drives a mill-wheel. 

FLUM'MER-Y, n. [W. llymry.] 1. A sort of jelly made of 
flour or meal ; pap. Locke. — 2. In vulgar use, any thing 
insipid or nothing to the purpose ; flattery. 

FLUNG, pret. sm&pp. of fling. 

FLUNK' Y, n. A term of contempt for one who is mean and 
base-spirited ; perhaps from the Scottish flunkie, a livery 
servant. [England.] From this, the term flunky ism has 
been formed. 

FLU-O-BO'RATE, n. A compound of fluoboric acid with a 
base. 

FLU-O-B0'RI€, a. The fluoboric acid or gas is a compound 
of fluorine and boron ; also called fluorid of boron. 

FLu'OR, n. [Low L.] 1. A fluid state; [rare.] 2. Men- 
strual flux ; [rare.] — 3. In mineralogy, a beautiful mineral, 
often crystallized, composed of fluorid of calcium, and usu- 
ally called fluor-spar. 

FLU-OR'I€, a. Pertaining to fluor ; obtained from fluor. 

FLfj'OR-ID, n. A compound of fluorine with a metallic or 
combustible base. 

FLfJ'OR-iNE, n. An element in the form of a yellowish 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FA LL, WHAT -.—PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



FLU 



415 



FLY 



oiown gas, with the odor of chlorine and burned sugar ; 
one of the acidifying and basifying principles. 

FLU-O-SII/I-CATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of fluosi- 
licic acid with some base. 

FLU-O-SI-LIC'IC ACID, n. An acid composed of silicon 
and fluorine ; also called fluorid of silicon. 

FLUR. See Flurry. 

FLURRIED (flur'rid), pp. Put in agitation. 

FLUR'RY, n. 1. A sudden blast or gust ; or a light, tempo- 
rary breeze. 2. A sudden shower of short duration. 3. 
Violent agitation ; commotion ; bustle ; hurry. 

FLUR'RY, v. t. To put in agitation ; to excite or alarm. 

FLUR'RY-ING, ppr. Putting in agitation. 

FLUSH, v. i. [G.fliessen.] 1. To flow and spread suddenly; 
to rush. 2. To come in haste ; to start. — Ben Jonson. 3. 
To appear suddenly, as redness or a blush. 4. To be- 
come suddenly red ; to glow. 5. To be gay, splendid, or 
beautiful. — Thomson. 

FLUSH, v. t. 1. To redden suddenly ; to cause the blood 
to rush suddenly into the face. 2. To elate ; to elevate ; 
to excite the spirits ; to animate with joy. 

FLUSH, a. 1. Fresh ; full of vigor ; glowing ; bright. — 
Shak. 2. Affluent ; abounding ; well furnished. 3. Free 
to spend ; liberal ; prodigal ; [a popular use in America.] 

4. Even or level in respect to surface. Gwilt. — A flush 
deck, in marine language, is a deck with a continued floor, 
unbroken from stem to stern. 

FLUSH, n. 1. A sudden flow of blood to the face ; or, more 
generally, the redness of face which proceeds from such 
an afflux of blood. 2. Sudden impulse or excitement ; 
sudden glow. 3. Bloom ; growth ; abundance. — Gold- 
smith. 4. [Fr., Sp. flux.] A run cf cards of the same suit. 

5. A term for a number of ducks. — Spenser. 
FLUSHED (flusht), pp. or a. 1. Overspread or tinged with 

a red color from the flowing of blood to the face. 2. Elat- 
ed ; excited ; animated. 

FLUSH'ER, n. The lesser butcher-bird. 

FLUSH'ING, ppr. Overspreading with red ; glowing. 

FLUSHING, n. A glow of red in the face. 

FLUSHTNG-LY, adv. In a flushing manner. 

FLUSH'NESS, n. Freshness.— Bp. Gauden. 

FLUS'TER, v. t. To make hot and rosy, as with drinking ; 
to heat ; to hurry ; to agitate ; to confuse. 

FLUS'TER, v. i. To be in a heat or bustle ; to be agitated. 

FLUSTER, n. Heat ; glow ; agitation ; confusion ; disorder. 

FLUSTERED, _pp. Heated with liquor; agitated; confused. 

FLuTE, n. [Fr. flute.] 1. A small wind instrument ; a pipe 
with lateral holes and keys, played by blowing with the 
mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with the 
fingers. 2. A furrow or channel cut along the shaft of a 
column or pilaster ; a similar channel in the muslin of a 
lady's ruffle. 3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs or 
floor timbers. 4. Armed en flute; said of a ship when 
part of her guns are taken out. 

FLuTE, v. i. To play on a flute. — Chaucer. 

FLuTE, v. t. To form flutes or channels in a column ; to 
form corresponding channels in the muslin of a lady's ruffle. 

FLuTE'-STOP, n. A range of wooden pipes in an organ, 
designed to imitate the flute. — P. Oyc. 

Fht)TiijD,pp. or a. 1. Channeled; furrowed. — 2. In music, 
thin ; fine ; flute-like. Busby. 

FLuT'ER, n. One who plays on the flute. — Chaucer. 

FLuT'iNG, ppr. Channeling; forming furrows; as in a 
column. 

FLuTING, n. A channel or furrow in a column, or in the 
muslin of a lady's ruffle ; fluted work. 

FLuT'IST, n. A performer on the flute. — Busby. 

FLUTTER, v. i. [Sax. floteran.] 1. To move or flap the 
wings rapidly, without flying, or with short flights ; to 
hover. 2. To move about briskly, irregularly, or with 
great bustle and show, without consequence. 3. To move 
with quick vibrations or undulations ; to vibrate ; to un- 
dulate. 4. To be in agitation ; to move irregularly ; to 
fluctuate ; to be in uncertainty. 

FLUTTER, v. t. 1. To drive in disorder ; [little used.] 2. 
To hurry the mind ; to agitate. 3. To disorder ; to throw 
into confusion. 

FLUTTER, n. 1. Quick and irregular motion ; vibration ; 
undulation. 2. Hurry ; tumult ; agitation of the mind. 
3. Confusion ; disorder ; irregularity in position. 

FLUTTERED, pp. Agitated ; confused ; disordered. 

FLUTTER-ING, ppr. or a. Flapping the wings without 
flight or with short flights ; hovering ; agitating. 

FLUTTER-ING, n. The act of hovering, or flapping the 
wings without flight ; a wavering ; agitation. 

FLUTTER-IN G-LY, adv. In a fluttering manner. 

FLuT'Y, a. Having the sound of a flute. 

FLu'VI-AL-IST, n. One who explains phenomena by ex- 
isting streams. — Am. Quart. 

FLU-VI-AT'I€, ? a. [L. fluviatic.us.] Belonging to rivers ; 

FLu'VI-AL, $ growing or living in streams or ponds. 

FLu'VI-A-TtLE, a. [L. flwuiatilis.] Belonging to rivers ; 
existing in rivers ; as, fluviatile strata. 



FLUX, n. [L. fluxus.] 1. The act of flowing ; the motion 
or passing of a fluid. 2. The moving or passing of any 
thing in continued succession. 3. Any flow or issue of 
matter. — In medicine, an extraordinary issue or evacua- 
tion. — 4. In hydrography, the flow of the tide ; opposed to 
reflux.— 5. In chemistry and metallurgy, any substance or 
mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, 
6. Fusion ; a liquid state from the operation of heat. 7. 
That which flows or is discharged. 8. Concourse ; con- 
fluence ; [little used.] 

FLUX, a. Flowing; moving; maintained by a constant 
succession of parts ; inconstant ; variable. [Not well au- 
thorized.] 

FLUX, v. t. 1. To melt ; to fuse ; to make fluid. 2. To 
salivate. — South: [little used.] 

FLUX-ITION, n. A flowing or passing away, and giving 
place to others. — Leslie. 

FLUXED (flukst), pp. Melted ; fused ; reduced to a flow- 
ing state. 

FLUX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting fusion. 

FLUX'I-BLE, a. Capable of being melted or fused. 

FLUX-IL'I-TY, n. [Low L.fluxilis.] The quality of admit- 
ting fusion ; possibility of being fused or liquefied. 

FLUX'ION (fluk'shun), n. [L.fluxio.] 1. The act of flowing. 

2. The matter that flows. — 3. In mathematics, the same 
with differential, which see. — 4. Fluxions, a department 
of analysis. It is the same with the differential and inte- 
gral calculus. See Calculus. 

FLUX'ION-AL, \a. Pertaining to mathematical flux- 

FLUX'ION-A-RY, 5 ions. 

FLUX'ION-IST, n. One skilled in fluxions.— Berkeley. 

t FLUX'IVE, a. Flowing ; wanting solidity. — Ben Jonson. 

f FLUX'URE, n. A flowing or fluid matter. — Drayton. 

FLY, v. i.; pret. flew ; part, fluwn. [Sax. fleogan.] 1. To 
move through air by the aid of winds, as fowls. 2. To 
pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse. 

3. To rise in air. 4. To move or pass with velocity or ce- 
lerity, either on land or water. 5. To move rapidly, in 
any manner. 6. To pass away ; to depart ; with the idea 
of haste, swiftness, or escape. 7. To pass rapidly, as time 
Swift fly the fleeting hours. 8. To part suddenly or with 
violence ; to burst, as a bottle. 9. To spring by an elastic 
force. 10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report. 11. To 
flee ; to run away ; to attempt to escape ; to escape. 12. 
To flutter ; to vibrate or play, as a flag in the wind. 

To fly at, to spring toward ; to rush on ; to fall on suddenly. 
— To fly in the face. 1. To insult. 2. To assail ; to resist, 
to set at defiance ; to oppose with violence ; to act in di- 
rect opposition. — To fly off. 1. To separate or depart sud- 
denly. 2. To revolt. — To fly open, to open suddenly or 
with violence. — To fly out. 1. To rush out ; also, to burst 
into a passion. 2. To break out into license. 3. To start 
or issue with violence from any direction. — To let fly. L 
To discharge ; to throw or drive with violence. — 2. In 
seamanship, to let go suddenly and entirely. 

FLY, v. t. 1. To shun ; to avoid ; to decline ; that is, pri- 
marily, to flee from. 2. To quit by flight. 3. To attack by 
a_bird of prey ; [obs.] 4. To cause to float in the air. 

FLY, n. [Sax. fleoge.] 1. In zoology, a winged insect of va-. 
rious species, whose wings are transparent. — In common 
language, the house-fly, of the genus musca. — 2. In me- 
chanics, a cross with leaden weights at the ends, or some 
other contrivance to equalize the motion in the various 
parts of a machine, or to accumulate power for a very 
great instantaneous impression. 3. That part of a vane 
which points and shows which way the wind blows. 4. 
The extent of an ensign, flag, or pendant from the staff to 
the end that flutters loose in the wind. 5. A light carriage. 
— 6. In printing, one who takes the sheets from the preaa 
in cases demanding expedition. 

FLy'-BaNE, n. An herb called catch-fly. 

FLY'-BIT-TEN, a. Marked by the bite of flies.— Shak. 

FLY'-BLoW, v. t. To deposit an egg in any thing, as a fly 
to taint with the eggs which produce maggots. 

FLY'-BLo W, n. The egg of a fly. 

FLY'-BLoWN, pp. or a. Tainted with maggots. 

FLY'-BoAT, n. 1. A light, 6wift kind of boat used on canals. 
2. A large, flat-bottomed Dutch vessel. 

FLY'-€ATCH-ER, n. 1. One who hunts flies.— 2. In zoolo- 
gy, a name common to many species of birds, which catch 
flies and other insects as they fly. 

FLT'-FISH, v. i. To angle with flies for bait. 

FLY'-FISH-ING, n. Angling ; the art of angling for fish 
with flies, natural or artificial, for bait. 

FLY'-FLAP, n. Something to drive away flies. — Congrevc 

FLY'-IIoN'EY-SUCK-LE, n. A plant, the lonicera. 

FLY'-LeAF, r. A leaf of blank paper at the beginning and 
end of a book. 

FLY'-PO W-DER, n. An imperfect oxyd of arsenic, which, 
mixed with sugar and water, is used to kill flies. — Brande. 

FLy'-RaIL, n. That part of a table which turu3 out to sup- 
port the leaf. 

FLY'-SHOOT-ER, n. One who shoots flies. 



D6VE :- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G 



as Z; CH as 3H ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



FOO 



416 



FOi 



FLY'-SPE€K, n. A name given to excrementitious stains 
of insects, especially of the common house-fly. 

FLY -TRAP, n. A sensitive plant, called Venus' s fly-trap. 

FLY-WHEEL, n. A wheel in machinery that equalizes its 
movements, or accumulates power for a very great instan- 
taneous impression. 

FLY'ER, n. 1. One who flies or flees ; usually writtert flier. 
2. One who uses wings. 3. The fly of a jack. — 4. In ar- 
chitecture, a term applied to the steps in an ordinary flight 
of stairs which are parallel to each other, as opposed to 
winding stairs. 5. A performer in Mexico, who flies 
round an elevated post. — 6. Flyers, that part of a spinning- 
machine or wheel, which, with a rapid motion, spins the 
thread. 

FLY'ING, ppr. 1. Moving in air by means of wings ; pass- 
ing rapidly ; springing ; bursting ; avoiding. 2. a. Float- 
ing ; waving. ' 3. a. Moving ; light, and suited for prompt 
motion. — Flying colors, a phrase expressing triumph. 

FLY'ING, n. The act of moving in the air with wings ; flight. 

FLyTNG-aR-TIL'LE-RY, n. Artillery trained to very rapid 
evolutions. In passing from one part of the field to an- 
other, the men spring on the guns, which are drawn by 
horses at full gallop. 

FLy'ING-BRIDcJE, n. A bridge of pontoons ; also, a large 
flat-bottomed boat, anchored up stream, which is made to 
pass like a ferry-boat from one side of a river to the other 
by the force of the current. 

FLY'lNG-BUT'TRESS, n. A contrivance for strengthening 
the nave or central part of a Gothic edifice, when it rises 
considerably above the side aisles or wings. It consists of 
a kind of brace, in a curved form or half arch, thrown 
across from the tops of the side-aisle buttresses to the 
nave, propping it up, and preventing it from crowding 
outward under the pressure from above. From its thus 
passing through the air over the roof of the side aisles, it 
is called & flying-buttress. 

FLY'ING-CAMP, n. A camp or body of troops formed for 
rapid motion from one place to another. 

FLY'ING-FISH, n. A name common to those fishes which 
nave the power of sustaining themselves in the air for a 
time by means of tbeir long pectoral fins. 

FLy'ING-PaR'TY, to. In military affairs, a detachment of 
men employed to hover about an enemy. 

FLY'ING-PIN'ION, n. The part of a clock having a fly or 
fan, by which it gathers air. and checks the rapidity of 
the clock's motion when the weight descends in the strik- 
ing part. 

FLY'lNG-SQUtR'REL, n, A species of squirrel having an 
expansive skin on each side, reaching from the fore to 
the hind legs, by which it is borne up in leaping. 

FoAL, n. [Sax. fola, fole.] The young of the equine genus 
of quadrupeds, and of either sex ; a colt or filly. 

FoAL, v. t. To bring forth a colt or filly ; to bring forth 
_young, as a mare or a she-ass. 

FoAL, v. i. To bring forth young, as a mare and certain 

FoAL-FOOT, n. The colt's-foot, tussilago. 

FoAL'BIT, n. A plant. 

F0AL.ED, pp. Disburdened of a foal, as a mare. 

FoALTNG, n. The act of bringing forth a colt. 

FoAL'ING, ppr. Bringing forth a colt. 

F5AM, n. [Sax. fcem, fam.] Froth ; spume ; the substance 
which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation 
or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles. 

FoAM, v. i. 1. To froth ; to gather foam. 2. To be in a 
rage ; to be violently agitated. 

FoAM, v. t. To throw out with rage or violence : with out. 

FoAM'-€REST-ED, a. Crested with foam. 

F5AM.ED, pp. Thrown out with rage or violence. 

FoAM'ING, ppr. or a. Frothing ; fuming. 

F5AMTNG-LY, adv. Frothily. 

FoAM'LESS, a. Having no foam. 

FoAM'Y, a. Covered with foam ; frothy. 

FOB, n. [qu. G. fuppe.] A little pocket for a watch. 

FOB, v. t. [G. foppen.) To cheat ; to trick ; to impose on. — 
To fob off, to shift off by an artifice ; to put aside ; to de- 
lude with a trick.— Shak. [A low word.] 

FOBBED (fobd),#p. Cheated; imposed on. 

FOB'BING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. 

Fo'CAL, a. [L. focus.] Belonging to a focus. — Focal dis- 
tance, in optics, the distance between the center of a con- 
vex lens, or concave mirror, and its focus, or the point 
into which the rays of light are collected. — Brande. 

Fo'CILE, n. [Fr. focile.] The greater focile is the ulna or 
tibia, the greater bone of the fore-arm or leg. The lesser 
focile is the radius or fibula, the lesser bone of the fore- 
arm or leg. 

, FOC-IL-La"TION, n. [L.focillo.] Comfort; support. 

Fo'CUS, 7i.; pi. Focuses or Foci. [L. focus.] 1. In optics, a 
point in which any number of rays of light meet, after 
bdng reflected or refracted. — 2. In conic sections, a term 
applied to certain points in the parabola, ellipse, and hy- 
perbola, where rays reflected from all parts of these 



curves concur or meet. 3. A central point ; poin* if ton 
centration. 

FOD'DER, n. [Sax. fodder or fother.] 1. Food or dry food 
for cattle, horses, and sheep, as hay, straw, and other kinds 
of vegetables. — 2. In mining, a weight for lead and some 
other metals, usually about 2400 pounds ; also written 
fother. 

FOD'DER, v. t. To feed with dry food or cut grass, &c. ; to 
furnish with hay, straw, oats, &c. 

FODDERED, pp. Fed with dry food, or cut grass. 

FODDER-ER, n. He who fodders cattle. 

FODDER-ING, ppr. Feeding with dry food, &c. 

Fo'DI-ENT, a. [L. fodio, to dig.] Digging; throwing up 
_with a spade. [Little used.] 

FoE (fo), 71. [Sax./a/t.] 1. An enemy; one who entertains 
personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice against another 
2 An enemy in war ; one of a nation at war with another ; 
an adversary. 3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used 
to denote an opposing army, or nation at war. 4. An op- 
ponent ; an antagonist ; an enemy ; one who opposes any 
thing in principle ; an ill-wisher. 

t FoE, v. t. To treat as an enemy. — Spenser. 

t FoE'HOOD, n. Enmity.— Bedell. 

FoE'-LlKE, a. Like an enemy. — Sandys. 

t FoE'MAN, n. An enemy in war. — Spenser. 

FCET'I-ClDE (fet'e-side), n. [L. foetus and ccedo.] In law, the 
act by which criminal abortion is produced. — Beck. [New.] 

FCE'TUS. -Sec Fetus. 

FOG, n. [It. sfogo.] 1. A dense, watery vapor near the sur- 
face of the land or water. 2. A cloud of dust or smoke. 

FOG, ? n. \W. fwg.] After-grass ; a second growth of 

FOGGE, 5 grass ; but it signifies, also, long grass that re- 
mains in pastures till winter. Dead grass, remaining on 
land during winter, is called, in New England, the old tore. 

FOG, v. t. To overcast ; to darken. — Sherwood. 

FOG, v. i. [Fr. vogue.] To have power. — Milton. 

FOG'-BANK, n. At sea, an appearance, in hazy weather, 
sometimes resembling land at a distance, but which van- 
ishes as it is approached. 

FOG'GAdE, n. Rank or coarse grass not mowed or eaten 
down in summer or autumn. — Farm. Encyc. 

FOG'GI-LY, adv. Mistily ; darkly ; cloudily. 

FOG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being foggy ; a state of the 
air filled with watery exhalations. 

FOG'GY, a. 1. Filled or abounding with fog or watery ex- 
halations. 2. Cloudy ; misty ; damp with humid vapors. 
3. Producing frequent fogs. 4. Dull; stupid; clouded in 
understanding. 

FoH. An exclamation of abhorrence or contempt ; the 
same as poh and fy. 

t FOI'BLE, a. Weds..— Herbert. 

FOI'BLE, n. [Fr. foible.] A weak point in character. — Svn. 
Weakness ; failing ; imperfection ; infirmity ; frailty ; de- 
fect; fault. 

FOIL, v. t. [In Norm, afolee.] 1. To frustrate ; to defeat , 
to disappoint, as an adversary ; to render vain or nugato- 
ry, as an effort or attempt. 2. To blunt ; to dull. — Shak. 
3. To defeat ; to interrupt, or to render imperceptible. 

FOIL, n. Defeat ; frustration ; the failure of success when 
on the point of being secured ; miscarriage. 

FOIL, n. [W. firuL] A blunt sword, or one that has a but- 
ton at the end covered with leather; [used in fencing.] 

FOIL, n. [Fr.feuille ; It. foglia.] 1. A leaf or thin plate of 
metal ; as, tin foil, &c. — 2. Among jewelers, a thin leaf of 
metal placed under precious stones, to increase their brill- 
iancy, or to give them a particular color. 3. Any thing 
of another color, or of different qualities, which serves to 
adorn, or set off another thing to advantage. — Broome. 4 
A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a 
looking-glass, to cause reflection. 5. The track or trail of 
game when pursued. 

FOIL'A-BLE, a. Which may be foiled. — Cotgrave. 

FOILJED (foild), pp. Frustrated ; defeated. 

FOIL'ER, n. One who frustrates another, and gains anal 
vantage himself. 

FOILING, ppr. Defeating ; frustrating ; disappointing ot 
success. 

FOILTNG, n. Among hunters, the slight mark of a passing 
deer on the grass. — Todd. 

FOIN, v. t. [Fr. poindre.] 1. To thrust with a sword or 
spear. 2. To prick ; to sting ; [not in use.] 

FOIN, v. i. [Fr. poindre.] To thrust with a sword or spear 

FOIN, n. A push ; a thrust. — Robinson. 

FOIN'ING, ppr. Pushing; thrusting. 

FOINTNG-LY, adv. In a pushing manner. 

t FOIS'ON (foi'zn), n. [L. fusio.] Plenty ; abundance. 

FOIST, v. t. To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or with- 
out warrant. 

t FOIST, n. A light and fast-sailing ship.— Beaum. and FL 

FOIST, v. i. To stink ; to be fusty. 

FOISTED, pp. Inserted wrongfully. 

FOIST'ER, n. One who inserts without authority. 

FOIST'IED (foist'id), a. Musty. See Fusty. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, Imtg.—X. E, I, &e, short F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



FOL 



417 



FON 



PUISTI-NESS. n. Fustiness, which see. 

FOISTING, ppr. Inserting surreptitiously or without au- 
thority. 

FOIST'Y, a. Fusty, which see. 

FOLD. n. [Sax. fald, falde.] 1. A pen or inclosure for 
eheep ; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in 
the field or under shelter. 2. A flock of sheep ; hence, 
fignratirchj. the Church. 3. A limit; [not in use.] 

FoLD, n. [Sax. fcald.) 1. The doubling of any flexible sub- 
stance, as cloth ; complication ; a plait ; one part turned 
or bent and laid on another. — 2. In composition, the same 
quantity added ; as, four-fold. 

FoLD. v.t. [Sax. feaidan.] 1. To double ; to lap or lay in 
plaits. 2. To double and insert one part in another, as a 
letter. 3. To double or lay together, as the arms. 4. To 
confine sheep in a fold. 

FoLD. r. i. To close over another of the same kind. 

FoLD'AgE. n. The right of folding sheep. 

FoLDFD. pp. Doubled : laid in plaits ; kept in a fold. 

FoLD'ER, n. 1. An instrument used in folding paper. 2. 
_One who folds. 

FoLDTXG. ppr. 1. Doubling; laying in plaits; keeping in 
a fold. 2. a. Doubling ; that may close over another, or 
that consists of leaves which may close one over an- 
other. 

FoLD'IXG, n. 1. A fold; a doubling.— 2. Among farmers, 
_the keeping of sheep in inclosures. 

FoLD'IXG-DoORS (-dorz), n. pi. Two doors which meet 
in the middle, and either slide back or turn back on 
hinges, leaving a wide communication between two apart- 
ment-. & . 

FoLD'LESS. a. Having no fold.— Milton. 

FO-LI-a'CEOUS. a. [L.foliaceus.] 1. Leafy ; having leaves 
intermixed with flowers. Foliaeewis glands are those sit- 
uated on leaves. 2. Consisting of leaves or thin lamina? ; 
jiavin^ the form of a leaf or plate. 

Fo'LT-AGE. /.. [Fr. fe uillage.] 1. Leaves in general 2. A 
cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches. 

PILLAGE, r. t. To work or to form into the representa- 
tion of leases.— Drummond. 

FoXI-AGi?D, a. Furnished with foliage. — Slienstone. 

Fo'LI-aTE, ». t. [L. foliaius.] 1. To beat into a leaf, or thin 
plate or lamina 2. To spread over with a thin coat of 
tin and quicksilver, &c. 

Fo'LI-ATE, a. In botany, leafy ; furnished with leaves. 

Fo'LI-ATE. n. In geometry, the name given to a certain 
curve of the third order.— Brande. 

Fo'LI-1-TED. pp. or a. 1. Spread or covered with a thin 
plate or foil. — 2. In mineralogy, consisting of plates or thin 
j avers ; resembling or in the form of a plate ; lamellar. 

Fo'LI-X-TIXG. ppr. "Coverins: with a leaf or foil 

FO-LI-a'TION, n. [L. foliatio.] 1. In botany, the leafing of 
plants; vernation; the disposition of- the nascent leaves 
within the bud. 2. The act of bearing a metal into a thin 
plate, leaf, or foil. 3. The act or operation of spreading 
foil over the back side of a mirror or looking-slass. 

F5EI-A-TURE. n. The state of being beaten into foil 

F5TT-ER, n. Goldsmith's foil 

FO-LIFER-OUS, a. [L. folium, leaf, and fero, to bear.J Pro- 
ducing leaver. 
To'L [-0~(f6le-o or foiyo), n. [L. folium.] 1 . A book of the 
lar^st size., formed by once doubling a sheet of paper. — 
2. Among merchants, a page, or, rather, both the right and 
left hand pages of an account-book, expressed by the same 
figure. 

FoEI-O, a. Pertaining to paper folded but once, or to a 
volume of the largest size. 

Fo'LI-OLE. 72. A leaflet: one of the single leaves, which 
tosether constitute a compound leaf. 

Fo'LI-O-MORT, a. [L. folium jnortuinn.] Of a dark yellow 
_color. or that of a faded leaf; filemot 

Fo'LI-OT, n. [It. foletto.] A kind of demon.— Burton. 

Fo'LI-OUS. a. 1. Leafy; thin; unsubstantial. Brown.— 2. 
In botany, havinsr leaves intermixed with the flowers. 

FoLK (foke), n. "[Sax. folc : D. roll-; G. tiolk; Sw. folck; 
Dan. foil-.] 1. People in general, or any part of' them 
without distinction. 2. Certain people, discriminated from 
others ; as, old folks, and young folks. — 3. In Scripture, 
the singular number is used"; as.~a few sick folk. 

FoLKLAXD (fokeland), v. [Sax. foldand.] In English 
law, copyhold land ; land held by the common people, at 
the will of the lord. 

FoLK'AIOTE (foke'mote), n. [Sax. folcmote.] An assembly 
of the people to consult respecting public affairs. 

FOL'LI-€LE, n. [L. follicuhis.] 1. In botany, a univalvular 
pericarp : a seed-vessel opening on one side lonaitudinally. 
2. An air-bag : a vessel distended with air. 3. A little bag, 
in animd bodies : a gland ; a folding; a cavitv. 

FOL-LICU-L a-TED, a. Having follicular seed'-vessels. 

FOL-LI^T-LOUS. a. Havin? or producin? follicles. 

\ FOL'LI-FUL. a. Full of folly.— Shenstme. 

\ FOLT.I-LY, adv. Foolishly.— Wickliffe. 

FOLToW, v. t. [Sax. folgian. filian, fylo-an.] 1. To to 



after or behind ; to walk, ride, or move behind, but in Vtxt> 
same direction. 2. To pursue; to chase. 3. To accom- 
pany ; to attend in a journey. 4. To accompany ; to be 
of the same company ; to attend, for any purpose. 5. To 
succeed in order of time ; to come after. G. To be conse- 
quential ; to result from, as effect from a cause. 7. To 
result from, as an inference or deduction. 8. To pursue 
with the eye ; to keep the eyes fixed on a moving body. 
9. To imitate : to copy. 10. To embrace ; to adopt and 
maintain ; to have or entertain like opinions ; to think or 
believe like another. 11. To obey ; to observe ; to prac- 
tice ; to act in conformity to. 12." To pursue as an object 
of desire ; to endeavor "to obtain. 13. To use ; to prac- 
tice ; to make the chief business ; as, to follow farming. — 
Forby. 14. To adhere to ; to side with. 15. To adhere 
to ; to honor ; to worship ; to serve. 16. To be led or 
guided by. 17. To move on in the same course or direc- 
tion : to be guided by. 

FOL'LoW, v. i. 1. To come after another. 2. To attend » 
to accompany. 3. To be posterior in time. 4. To be con- 
sequential, as" effect to cause ; to ensue. 5. To result, as 
an inference. — To follow on, to continue pursuit or en- 
deavor ; to persevere. 

FOL'LoWED, pp. Pursued ; succeeded ; accompanied , 
attended ; imitated ; obeyed ; observed ; practiced ; ad- 
hered to. 

FOLEoW-ER, n. 1. One who comes, goes, or moves after 
another in the same course. 2. One who takes another 
as his guide in doctrines, opinions, or example. 3. One 
who obeys, worships, and honors. 4. One who embraces 
the same system. 5. A companion or associate in a sub- 
ordinate capacity. 6. One under the command of an- 
other. 7. One of the same faction or party. — Srx. Imita- 
tor ; copier ; disciple ; adherent ; partisan ; dependent , 
attendant. 

FOLEoW-ING, ppr. 1. Coming or going after or behind ; 
pursuing ; attending ; imitating ; succeeding in time ; re- 
sulting from ; adhering to ; obeying ; observing ; using ; 
practicing; proceeding in the same course. 2. a. Being 
next after ; succeeding ; subsequent. 

FOL'LY, n. [Fr.folie.] 1. Weakness of intellect; imbecili- 
ty of mind ; want of understanding. 2. A weak or absurd 
act not highly criminal ; an imprudent act. 3. An absurd 
act which is highly sinful ; any conduct contrary to th<? 
laws of God or man ; sin ; scandalous crimes. — Bible. 4. 
^Criminal weakness ; depravity of mind. 

Fo'MAL-HAUT. n. A star of the first magnitude in the con- 
stellation Piscis Australis, or Southern" Fish. It is much 
used in astronomical measurements. 

FO-MEXT, v. t. [L.fomento.] 1. To apply warm lotions to ; 
to bathe with warm, medicated liquors. 2. To cherish 
with heat ; to encourage growth ; [rare.] 3. To encour- 
age ; to abet : to cherish and promote by excitements ; 
[in a bad sense :] as, to foment discords. 

FO-MEXT-a'TIOX, n. 1. The act of applying warm or 
medicated liquors to a part of the body, by means of flan- 
nels. 2. The lotion applied, or to be applied, to a diseased 
part. 3. Excitation ; instigation ; encouragement. 

FO-MEXTED, pp. Eathed with warm lotions ; encouraged. 

FO-MEXTER. n. One who foments ; one who encourages 
or instigates. 

FO-MEXTTXG, ppr. 1. Applying warm lotions. 2. Encour- 
aging; abetting; promoting. 

t BOX, n. [Chaucer, fonne.] A fool ; an idiot 

FOXD, a. [Chaucer, fonne, a fool; Scot fon.] 1. Foolish , 
silly; weak; indiscreet; imprudent — Shak. 2. Foolishly 
tender and loving; doting; weakly indulgent 3. Much 
pleased ; loving ardently ; delighted withT 4. Relishing 
highly. 5. Trifling: valued by folly ; [little used.] 

FOXD, v. t. To treat with great indulgence or tenderness , 
to caresr ; to cocker. [Poetic] SeeFoxDLE. 
j FOXD. v. i. To be fond of; to be in love with ; to dote on 

—Shak. [Little used.] 
| FOXDTE (Ton'di), v. t. To treat with tenderness ; to caress 

FOXD'L£D, pp. Treated with affection j caressed. 
I FOXD'LER. n. One who fondles. 

FOXD'LLXG, ppr. Caressing; treating with tenderness. 

FOXDEIXG. n. A person or thing fondled or caressed. 

FOXDEY, adv. 1. Foolishly ; weakly ; imprudently ; with 
indiscreet affection. 2. With great or extreme affection. 

FOXDNESS. n. 1. Foolishness; weakness; want of sense 
or judgment ; [obs.] 2. Foolish tenderness ; [rare.] 3 
Tender interest, feeling, or passion. 4. Strong inclination 
or propensity. 5. Strong appetite or relish. — Syn. At 
tachment ; affection ; love ; kindness. 

FOX'DU? (fon'du). n. [Fr.] A style of printing calico, pa 
per-hargmgs, &c., in which the colors, like those of the rain- 
bow, melt insensibly into each other. — Ure. 

+ FdXE. p 7 . of foe. — Spenser. 

FOXT. n. [Fr. fonts; Sp. fvente; Itfonte; L. fons.] A 
large basin or stone vessel, in which water is contained 
for baptizing children or other persons in the church. 

FOXT. v. [Fr. fonte..] A complete assortment of printing 



D<WE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AX'GER, Yl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Dd 



FOO 



418 



FOO 



types of one size, including whatever is necessary for 
printing with letters of that kind. 

PONT'AL. a. Pertaining to a fount, source, or origin. 

FONTA-NEL, n. 1. An issue for the discharge of humors 
from the body. 2. A vacancy in the infant cranium. 

FON-TaNgE' (fon-tanj'), n. [Fr.] A knot of ribbons on the 
top of a head-dress. — Addison. 

FOOD, n. [Sax. fod, foda.] 1. In a general sense, whatever 
is eaten by animals for nourishment, and whatever sup- 
plies nutriment to plants. 2. Whatever is or may be eaten 
for nourishment. 3. Whatever supplies nourishment and 
growth to plants. 4. Something that sustains, nourishes, 
and augments. — Syn. Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; 
feed ; fare ; victuals ; provisions ; meat. 

1 FOOD, v. t. To feed.— Barret. 

FOOD'FUL, a. Supplying food ; full of food. 

FOOD'LESS, a. Without food ; destitute of provisions ; 
barren. 

! FOOD'Y, a. Eatable ; fit for food.— Chapman. 

FOOL, n. [Fr. fol, fou ; It. folle.) 1. One who is destitute 
of reason, or the common powers of understanding ; an 
idiot. — 2. In common language, a person who is somewhat 
deficient in intellect, but not an idiot ; or a person who 
acts absurdly. — 3. In Scripture, fool is often used for a 
wicked or depraved person. 4. A weak Christian ; a godly 
person who has much remaining sin and unbelief. — Luke, 
xxiv. 5. A term of indignity and reproach. 6. A buffoon ; 
a jester ; one formerly kept in courts or great houses, 
dressed fantastically with a cap having a red stripe on the 
top, called a coxcomb, and carrying a bawble (mavotte), 
which was a small club with a head carved on one end, 
sometimes surmounted with a bladder containing pease or 
gravel, which he used as a weapon of sport or attack. 

To play the fool. 1. To act the buffoon ; to jest ; to make 
sport. 2. To act like one void of understanding. — To put 
the fool on, to impose on ; to delude. — To make a fool of, 
to frustrate ; to defeat ; to disappoint. 

FOOL, v. i. To trifle ; to toy ; to spend time in idleness, 
sport, or mirth. 

FOOL, v. t. 1. To treat with contempt ; to disappoint ; to 
defeat ; to frustrate ; to deceive ; to impose on. 2. To 
infatuate ; to make foolish.— Shak. 3. To cheat. 

To fool away. 1. To spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or with- 
out advantage. 2. To spend for things of no value or use ; 
to expend improvidently. 

FOOL, n. A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed 
(foules) with cream ; commonly called gooseberry-fool. 

FOOL'-BEGG£D, a. Idiotical ; absurd.— Shak. 

\ FOOL'-BoLD, a. Foolishly bold.— Safe. 

FOOL'-BORN, a. Foolish from the birth.— ShaJc. 

FOOL'-HAP-PY, a. Lucky without judgment or contriv- 
ance. — Spenser. 

FOOL'-HaRD'I-LY, adv. With fool-hardiness. 

FQOL'-HARD'I-NESS, n. Courage without sense or judg- 
ment ; mad rashness. — Dryden. 

\ FOOL'-HaRD'iSE, n. Fool-hardiness. — Spenser. 

FOOL'-HaRDY, a. Daring without judgment ; madly rash 
and adventurous ; foolishly bold. — Syn. Venturesome ; 
venturous ; precipitate ; headlong ; incautious. 

FOOL'-SToNES, n. A plant, a species of the orchis. 

FOOL'-TR AP, n. A trap to catch fools ; as, a fly-trap. 

FOOL'S'-ER'RAND, n. The pursuit of what can not be 
found. — Booth. ^ 

FOOL'S'-PaRS'LEY, n. A poisonous, umbelliferous plant, 
somewhat resembling parsley, but having a nauseous 
smell. 

FOOLED, pp. Disappointed ; deceived ; imposed on. 

FOOL'ER-Y, n. 1. The practice of folly ; habitual folly ; 
attention to trifles. 2. Any act of folly or weakness. 3. 
Object of folly ; absurdity. 

FOOLING, ppr. Defeating; disappointing; deceiving. 

FOOL'ING, n. Acting like a fool. 

FOOL'ISH, a. 1. Void of understanding or sound judg- 
ment ; weak in intellect ; [applied to general character.] 2. 
Acting without judgment or discretion in particular things. 
3. Proceeding from folly, or marked with folly ; as, a fool- 
ish question. 4. Deserving of ridicule or contempt ; as, a 
foolish figure. — 5. In Scripture, wicked ; sinful ; acting 
without regard to the divine law and glory, or to one's 
own eternal happiness. 6. Proceeding'from depravity ; 
sinful.— Syn. Shallow ; shallow-brained ; brainless ; sim- 
ple ; irrational ; unwise ; imprudent ; indiscreet ; incau- 
tious; silly; ridiculous; preposterous ; vain; trifling; con- 
temptible. 

FOOL'ISH-LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; without understanding or 
judgment ; unwisely ; indiscreetly. 2. Wickedly ; sin- 
fully. 

FOOI/ISH-NESS, n. 1. Folly ; want of understanding. 2. 

Foolish practice ; want of wisdom or good judgment. — 3. 

In a Scriptural sense,, absurdity ; folly. 

FOOLS'CAP, n. A kind of paper about 17 inches by 14. 

FOOT, n. ; pi. Feet. [Sax./oi,/e«.] 1. In animal bodies, the 

lower extremity of the leg ;. the part of the leg which 



tieads the earth in standing or walking, and by which Ulq 
animal is sustained and enabled to step. 2. That which 
bears some resemblance to an animal's foot in shape oi 
office ; the lower end of any thing that supports a body. 
3. The lower part ; the base, as of a mountain. 4. The 
lower part ; the bottom, as of an account. 5. Foundation , 
condition ; state. [Footing is more used in America.] 6. 
Plan of establishment ; fundamental principles. [Footing 
is more used in America.] — 7. In military language, sol- 
diers who march and fight on foot ; infantry, as distin- 
guished from cavalry; [plural not used.] 8. A measure 
consisting of twelve inches, supposed to be taken from 
the length of a man's foot. — A square foot consists of 144 
square inches; a cubic foot of 1728 cubic inches. — 9. In 
poetry, a certain number of syllables, constituting part of a 
verse. 10. Step ; pace. — L' Estrange. 11. Level ; par ; 
[obs.] 12. The part of a stocking or boot which receives 
the foot. — 13. The foots of a sugar -hogshead are the moist 
matter at the bottom of the cask. — By foot, or, rather, on 
foot,by walking ; as, to go or pass on foot. — To set on foot, 
to originate ; to begin ; to put in motion. Hence, to be on 
foot, is to be in motion. 

FOOT, v. i. 1. To dance ; to tread to measure or music ; to 
skip. 2. To walk : with it ; opposed to ride or fly. — Dry- 
den. 

FOOT, v. t. 1. To kick ; to strike with the foot ; to spurn. 
—Shak. 2. To settle ; to begin to fix ; [little used.] 3. To 
tread. 4. To add the numbers in a column, and set the 
sum at the foot. 5. To seize and hold with the foot ; [not 
used.] 6. To add or make a foot. 

FOOT'-BALL, n. 1. A ball, consisting of an inflated blad- 
der, cased in leather, to be driven by the foot. 2. The 
sport or practice of kicking the foot-ball. 

FOOT -BAND, n. A band of infantry. 

FOOT'-BOY, n. A menial; an attendant in livery. 

FOOT-BRe ADTII (-bredth), n. The breath of the foot 

FOOT'-BRIDgE, n. A narrow bridge for foot-passengers. 

FOOT-CLOTH, n. The covering of a horse, reaching dowa 
to his heels. — Shak. 

FOOT'-CUSH-ION, n. A cushion for the feet. 

FOOT'-FiGHT (-f ite), n. A conflict by persons on foot 

FOOT -GUARDS (-gardz), n. pi. Guards of infantry. 

FOOT'-HALT, n. A disease incident to sheep. 

FOOT-MAN-TLE (-man'tl), n. A garment to keep the gowi 
clean in riding. 

FOOT-MUFF, n. A receptacle for the feet, lined with fur 
&c. for keeping the feet warm in winter. 

FOOT'-PaCE, n. 1. A slow step, as in walking. — Johnson 
—2. In a, flight of stairs, a stair broader than the rest 

FOOT-PAD, n. A highwayman or robber on foot. 

FOOT'-PAS'SEN-GER, n. One who passes on foot, as ove» 
a bridge, &c. 

FOQT'-PaTH, n. A naiTow path or way for foot-passen 
gers only. 

fOoSlOTGH, } n - A kbld °f -lug-plow. 

FOOT'-PoST, n. A post or messenger that travels on foot 

FOOT'-RoPE, n. The rope along a. yard on which men 
stand when reefing or furling ; also, that part of the bolt 
rope to which the "foot of the sail is sewed. — Totten. 

FOOT'-ROT, n. An ulcer in the feet of sheep. 

FOOT'-RuLE, n. A rule or measure twelve inches long. 

FOOT'-SHA€K-LES (-lz), n. pi. Shackles for the feet. 

FOOT-SoL-DIER (-sol'jer), ft. A soldier that serves on foot 

FOOT'-STALK (-stawk), n. In botany, a petiole ; a partial 
stem supporting the leaf. 

FOOT-STALL (-stawl), n. A woman's stirrup. — Johnson. 

FOOT-STOOL, n. A stool for the feet; that which sup- 
ports the feet of one when sitting. 

FOOT'-WA-LING, n. The inside planks or lining of a ves- 
sel over the floor-timbers. — Totten. 

FOOT'-WARM-ER, n. A box containing a tin vessel, into 
which hot water is put for warming the feet. — Encyc. of 
Dom. Econ. 

FOOTED, pp. Kicked ; trod ; summed up ; furnished with 
a foot, as a stocking. 

FOOT'ED. a. Shaped in the foot.— Grew. 

FOOTFALL, n. 1. A footstep. 2. A trip or stumble. 
Shak. " 

FOOT'IioLD, n. That which sustains the feet firmly; that 
on which one may tread or rest securely. 

FOOT'HOT, adv. Immediately ; a word borrowed from 
hunting. — Gower. 

FOOTING, ppr. Dancing ; treading ; settling. 

FOOTING, n. 1. Ground for the foot ; that which sustains , 
firm foundation to stand on. 2. Support ; root. 3. Basis ; 
foundation. 4. Place ; stable position. 5. Permanent set- 
tlement 6. Tread ; step ; walk. 7. Dance ; tread V* 
measure. — Shak. 8. Steps ; road : track ; [little used.] & 
State ; condition ; settlement. 10. A plain cotton lace, 
without figures. — 11. In architecture, a term applied to th«3 
broad foundations of a wall. — Brande. 

FOOTLESS, a. Without feet. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, e, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE. BtBD ;— MOVE BOOK, 



FOR 



419 



FOR 



{•OOTLICK-ER, n. A mean flatterer; a sycophant; a 
fawner. — Shah. 

FOOTMAN, n. 1. A soldier who marches and fights on foot 
2. A menial servant ; a runner ; a servant in livery. 

FOOTMAN-SHIP, n. The art or faculty of a runner. 

FOOTMARK, n. A track ; mark of a foot.— Coleridge. 

FOOTPRINT, n. The impression of the foot. 

FOOTSTEP, n. 1. A track ; the mark or impression of the 
foot. 2. Token ; mark ; trace ; vestige ; visible sign of a 
course pursued. — Footsteps, plural. 1. Example. 2. Way ; 
course. 

FOP, n. [Sp. and Port, guapo.] A vain man, of weak un- 
derstanding and much ostentation ; one whose ambition is 
to gain admiration by showy dress and pertness ; a gay, 
trifling man ; a coxcomb ; a popinjay. 

\ FOP DOODLE, n. An insignificant fellow.— Hudibras. 

FOP'LING a, A petty fop.— Tickell. 

FOP'PER-Y n. 1. Affectation of show or importance ; 
showy folly. 2. Folly ; impertinence.— Shak. 3. Foolery ; 
vain or idle practice ; idle aftectation. 

FOP'PISH, a. 1. Vain of dress ; finical ; dandyish ; making 
an ostentatious display of gay clothing ; dressing in the ex- 
treme of fashion. 2. Vain ; trifling ; affected in manners. 

FOP'PISH-LY, adv. With vain ostentation of dress ; in a 
trifling or affected manner. 

FOP'PISH-NESS, re. Vanity and extravagance in dress ; 
showy vanity. 

FOR, prep. [Sax. for, or fore; D. voor ; G. fur and vor; Sw. 
for; Dan. for, for.] 1. Against; in the place of; as equiv- 
alent to. 2. In the place of; instead of; noting substitu- 
tion; as, to act for another. 3. In exchange of; noting 
one thing taken or given in place of another. 4. In the 
place of; instead of 5. In the character of; noting re- 
semblance. 6. Toward ; with the intention of going to. 
7. In advantage of; for the sake of; on account of. 8. 
Conducive to ; beneficial to ; in favor of. 9. Leading or 
inducing to, as a motive. 10. Noting arrival, meeting, 
coming, or possession ; as, to wait for a thing. 11. To- 
ward the obtaining of; in order to the arrival at or pos- 
session of. 12- Against ; in opposition to ; with a tenden- 
cy to resist and destroy ; as, a remedy for disease. 13. 
Against or on accout of; in prevention of; [nearly obso- 
lete.] 14. Because; on account of; by reason of. 15. With 
respect or regard to ; on the part of. 16. Through a cer- 
tain space ; during a certain time. 17. In quest of ; in or- 
der to obtain. 18. According to ; as far as ; as, it is true 
for aught I know. 19. Noting meeting, coming together, 
or reception. 20. Toward ; of tendency to. 21. In favor 
of; on the part or side of; that is, toward or inclined to ; 

i opposed to against.] 22. With a view to obtain; in or- 
ler to possess. 23. Toward ; with tendency to, or in fa- 
vor of. 24. Notwithstanding; against; in opposition to. 
25. For the use of ; to be used in ; that is, toward, noting 
advantage. 26. In recompense of; in return of. 27. In 
proportion to ; Dr. rather, looking toward, regarding. 28. 
By means of. 29. By the want of; as, to suffer for food. 
—30. For my life or heart, though my life were to be given 
in exchange, or as the price of purchase. — 31. For to, be- 
fore an infinitive, denoting purpose, is now obsolete, except 
in vulgar language. 

, OR, conj. 1. The word by which a reason is introduced 
of something before advanced. 2. Because ; on this ac- 
count that; properly, for that. — For as much, compounded 
forasmuch, denotes in regard to that, in consideration of. 
— For why, [Fr. pour quoi,] because ; for this reason. 

FOR,, as a prefix to verbs, has usually the force of a negative 
or privative, denoting against, that is, before, or away, aside. 

FORAGE, re. [Fr. four rage ; Sp.forrage.] 1. Food of any 
kind for horses and cattle ; as, grass, pasture, hay, com. 
and oats. 2. The act of providing forage. 3. Search for 
provisions ; the act of feeding abroad. — Milton. 

FORAgE, v. i. 1. To collect food for horses and cattle, by 
wandering about and feeding or stripping the country. 2. 
To wander far ; to rove ; [obs.] 3. To ravage ; to feed on 
spoil. — Shak. 

FORAGE, p. t. To strip of provisions for horses, &c. 

FOR'A-gER, n. One who goes in search of food for horses 
or cattle. 

FOR'A-GlNG, ppr. or a. Collecting provisions for horses and 
cattle, or wandering in search of food ; ravaging; stripping. 

FOR'A-GlNG, n. An incursion for forage or~plunder. 

FC-RaMEN, n.; pi. Foram'ina. [L.] A small opening; a 
perforation. 

FO-RAMTN-A-TED, a. Havins little holes.— Buckland. 

FO-RAM-IN'I-FER. n. One of the foraminifera. 

FO-RAM-IN-IF'ER-A, re. pi. A family of very minute shells, 
consisting of one or more series of chambers, united by a 
email perforation called a foramen. — Lyell. 

FO-RAM-IN-IF'ER-OUS. a. Pertaining to the foraminifera. 

FO-RAMTN-OUS, a, [L. foramen.] Full of holes ; perforated 
in many places ; porous. [Little used.] 

FOR-AS-MUCH. In consideration of; because that See 
Fob. 



Fo'RAY, n. An irregular and sudden excursion in borde» 
warfare. 

FOR-BXDE' (for-bad'), pret. of forbid. 

t FOR-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe.— Sackville. 

FOR-BEaR' (for-bare'), v. i. ; pret. forbore ; pp. forborne. 
[Sax. forbaran.] 1. To stop ; to cease ; to hold from pro- 
ceeding. 2. To pause ; to delay. 3. To abstain ; to omit : 
to refrain ; to hold one's self from motion, or entering on 
an affair. 4. To refuse ; to decline. 5. To be patient; to 
restrain from action or violence. 

FOR-BEaR', v. t. 1. To avoid voluntarily ; to decline.— 
Shak. 2. To abstain from ; to omit ; to avoid doing. 3. 
To spare ; to treat with indulgence and patience. — EpL, 
iv., 2. _4. To withhold. — 2 Chron., xxxiv., 21. 

FOR-BEaRANCE, n. 1. The act of avoiding, shunning, 
omitting, or ceasing from. 2. Command of temper ; re- 
straint of passions. 3. The exercise of patience ; indulg- 
ence toward those who injure us ; delay of resentment or 
punishment. — Syn. Abstinence ; refraining; long-suffering; 
lenity ;_mildness. 

FOR-BEaR'ER, n. One who intermits or intercepts. 

FOR-BEaRTNG, ppr. 1. Ceasing ; pausing ; withholding 
from action ; exercising patience and indulgence. 2. a. 
Patient^ long-suffering. 

FOR-BEaRTNG, n. A ceasing or restraining from action ; 
patience ; long-suffering. 

FOR-BEIR1NG-LY, adv7 In a forbearing manner ; with 
forbearance. 

FOR-BID', v. t; pret forbade ; pp. forbid, forbidden. [Sax. 
forbeodan.] Literally, to bid or command against. Hence, 
1. To prohibit ; to interdict ; to command to forbear or not 
to do. 2. To command not to enter. 3. To oppose ; to 
hinder ; to obstruct. 4. To accurse ; to blast ; [obs.] 

FOR-BID', v. i. To utter a prohibition ; but, in the intransi- 
tive form, there is always an ellipsis. 

FOR-BID', I pp. or a. 1. Prohibited. 2. Hindered; ob- 

FOR-BIDTJ.EN, $ structed. 

FOR-BIDT)ANCE, re. Prohibition ; command or edict 
against a thing.— Shak. ; [little used.] 

FOR-BID r D£N-LY. adv. In an unlawful manner.— Shak. 

t FOR-BTD'D£N-NESS, n. A state of being prohibited. 

FOR-BID'DER, n. He or that which forbids or enacts a pro- 
hibition. 

FOR-BID'DING, ppr. 1. Prohibiting; hindering. 2. a. Re- 
pelling approach ; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike. 
— Syn. Disagreeable ; unpleasant ; displeasing ; offensive ; 
repulsive ; odious ; abhorrent. 

FOR-BID'DING, n. Hinderance : opposition. — Shak. 

FOR-BIDT-ING-LY, adv. In a forbidding manner. 

FOR-BoRE', pret. of forbear. 

FOR-BoRNE', pp. of forbear. 

FoRCE, n. [Fr. force; It forza.] 1. Active power; power 
that may be exerted. 2. Momentum ; the quantity of 
power produced by motion, or the action of one body on 
another. 3. That which causes an operation or moral ef- 
fect 4. Power exerted against will or consent ; compul- 
sory power. 5. Moral power to convince the mind ; co- 
gency ; as, force of reasoning. 6. Virtue ; efficacy. 7. Va- 
lidity ; power to bind or hold. 8. Strength or power for 
war ; armament ; troops ; an army or navy. 9. Destiny ; 
necessity ; any. extraneous power to which men are sub- 
ject 10. Internal power ; as, force of character. — 11. In 
law. any unlawful violence to person or property. — Phys- 
ical force is the force of material bodies. — Moral force is the 
power of acting on the reason in judging and determin- 
ing. — Force, in mechanics, is any thing that moves, or tends 
to move a body. Thus, pressure is a force, because it 
tends to produce motion. — Syn. Strength ; vigor; might; 
energy ; stress ; vehemence ; violence ; compulsion ; co- 
action ; constraint ; coercion. 

FoRCE, n. A water-fall, from its violence or power- • 
Holloway. [Local] 

FoRCE, v. t. I. To cause to do or to forbear, by the exer- 
tion of a power not resistible. 2. To overpower by strength. 
— Milton. 3. To cause to move ; to draw or push by main 
strength; [a sense of very extensive use.] 4. To enforce; 
to urge ; as, to force one's strength. — Dryden. 5. To com- 
pel by strength of evidence, as conviction. 6. To obtain 
by force ; to take by violence ; to assault and take ; to 
storm. 7. To storm ; to assault and take by violence. 8. 
To ravish ; to violate by force, as a female. 9. To over- 
strain ; to distort. lO.'To cause to produce ripe fruit 
prematurely, as a tree ; or to cause to ripen prematurely, 
as fruit 11. To man; to strengthen by soldiers; to gar- 
rison ; [obs.] — To force from, to wrest from ; to extort. 
To force out, to drive out ; to compel to issue out or to 
leave ; also, to extort. — To force wine, is to fine it by a 
short process, or in a short time. — To force plants, is to 
urge the growth of plants by artificial heat. — To force meat, 
[Yr.forcir, to stuff,] is to stuff it— Syn. To compel ; con- 
strain ; oblige ; necessitate ; coerce ; drive ; press ; impel, 

FoRCE, v. i. 1. To lay stress on ; [obs.] 2. To strive 
[obs.] 3. To use violence. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"C:OUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoUte. 



FOR 



420 



FOR 



F5RC .ED (forst), pp. 1. Compelled; impelled; driven by- 
violence ; urged ; stormed ; ravished. 2. a. Affected ; 
overstrained ; unnatural. 
FoR'CED-LY, adv. Violently ; constrainedly ; unnaturally. 

[Little used.] 
FoR'CED-NESS, n. The state of being forced ; distortion. 
FoRCE'FUL, a. 1. Impelled by violence ; driven with force ; 

acting with power. 2. Violent ; impetuous. 
FoRCE'FUL-LY, adv. Violently ; impetuously. 
FoRCE'LESS, a. Having little or no force ; feeble ; impo- 
tent. 
FoRCE'MeAT, n. [Fr. fortir, to stuff.] In cookery, meat 
chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up alone 
or used as a stuffing. 

FOR'CEPS, n. [L.] Literally, a pair of pincers or tongs. — 
In surgery, an instrument for extracting any thing from a 
wound, and for like purposes ; also, a pair of scissors. 

FoR'CER, n. 1. He or that which forces, drives, or con- 
strains. 2. The embolus of a pump ; the instrument by 
which water is driven up a pump. 

FoR'CI-BLE, a. 1. Having force or efficacy, as a punish- 
ment. — Hooker. 2. Impetuous ; driving forward with 
force, as a current. 3. Efficacious ; active ; having strength. 
-Bacon. 4. Acting with force, as a motive. 5. Contain- 
ing force ; acting by violence ; as, forcible measures. 6. 
Done by force ; suffered by force. *7. Valid ; binding ; ob- 
ligatory ; [obs.] — Forcible entry and detainder, in law, a 
violent taking or keeping possession of lands, &c, with- 
out authority of law. — Syn. Violent ; powerful ; strong ; 
mighty ; potent ; weighty ; impressive ; cogent. 

FoR'CI-BLE-NESS, n. Force; violence. 

FoR'CI-BLY, adv. 1. By violence or force. 2. Strongly ; 
powerfully ; with power or energy ; impressively. 3. Im- 
_petuously ; violently ; with great strength. 

FoR'CING, ppr. or a. 1. Compelling ; impelling ; driving ; 
storming ; ravishing. 2. Causing to ripen before the natu- 
ral season, as fruit. 3. Fining wine by a speedy process. 

FoR'CING, n. 1. In gardening, the art of raising plants, 
flowers, and fruits, at an earlier season than the natural 
one, by artificial heat. 2. The operation of fining wines by 
a speedy process. 

FoR'CING-PIT, n. A pit of wood or masonry sunk in the 
earth for containing the fermenting materials used to pro- 
_duce bottom heat in forcing plants. 

FoR/CING-PUMP, n. A kind of pump, having its piston 
solid, and a side tube through which the water is forced 
by the action of the piston, often to a considerable dis- 
tance. — Buchanan. 

FOR'CI-PI-TED, a. Formed like a pair of pincers, to open 
and inclose. — Derham. 

FOR-CI-Pa'TION, n. Squeezing or tearing with pincers ; 
formerly, a mode of punishment. — Bacon. 

FoRD, n. [Sax. ford, fyrd.] 1. A place in a river or other 
water where it may be passed by man or beast on foot, or 
by wading. 2. A stream ; a current. — Dryden. 

FORD, v. t. To pass or cross a river or other water by 
treading or walking on the bottom ; to pass through water 
by wading ; to wade through. 

FoRD'A-BLE, a. That maybe waded or passed through on 
foot, as water. 

FoRD'ED, pp. Passed through on foot ; waded. 

F5RDTNG, ppr. Wading; passing through on foot. 

i FOR-D5', v. t. [Sax. fordon, for and do.] To destroy; to 
undo ; to ruin ; to weary. — Chaucer. 

F5RE, a. [Sax. fore, foran ; G.vor; Ji.voor; Sw. for; Dan. 
for.] Advanced ; being or coming in advance of some- 
thing ; coming first ; anterior ; preceding ; prior ; antece- 
dent ; being in front or toward the face. 

F6RE, adv. In the part that precedes or goes first. — In sea- 
men's language, fore and aft signifies from one end of the 
vessel to the other ; lengthwise of the vessel. — Fore, in 
composition, denotes, for the most part, priority of time ; 
sometimes, advance in place. 

FoRE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish beforehand, or be- 
fore the act or event. 

FoRE-AD-ViSE', v. t. To advise or counsel before the time 
of action or before the event ; to preadmonish. 

FoRE-AL-LME' (i'ore-al-lej'). v . t. To allege before. 

FoRE-AL-LEG'ED, pp. Previously alleged. 

FoRE-AL-Leg'ING, ppr. Alleging before. 

FoRE-AP-POINT, v. t. To aupoint beforehand. 

FoRE-AP-POINTMENT, n. Previous appointment ; pre- 
ordination. 

FoBE-BE-LIeF', n. Previous belief. 

FoRE'-BRaCE, n. A rope applied to the fore yard-arm to 
change the position of the fore-sail. 

FoRE-CON-CeIVE', v. t. To preconceive— Bacon. 

FoRE-DaTE', v. t. To date before the true time. 

FoRE-DaTED, pp. Dated before the true time. 

FoRE'-DECK, n. The fore-part of a deck, or of a ship 

FoRE-DE-SlGN' (fore-de-?Ine), v. t. To plan beforehand ; 
to intend previously. — Cheyne. 

FoRE-DE-SIGNED'. pp. Planned beforehand. 



FoRE-DE-SlGNTNG, ppr. Designing previously. 
FoRE-DE-TERM'INE, v. t. To decree beforehand. 
FoRE-DE-TERM'tNED, pp. Previously determined. 
FoRE-DE-TERM'IN-ING.^pr. Previously determining. 
FoRE-ELD'ER, n. [fore and elder.] An ancestor. 
F6RE'-END, n. The anterior part.— Bacon. 
F5RE-FEELTNG, n. Anticipation ; presentiment. 
FoRE'-FOOT, n. 1. One of the anterior feet of a quadruped 
or multiped. 2. A hand, in contempt. — 3. In a ship, a 
piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore-end. 

FoRE'-GaME, n. A first game ; first plan. — Whitlock. 

FoRE-HE W, v. t. To hew or cut in front.— SwJcville 

FoRE-HEWJSD' (-hude'), pp. Cut in front. 

FoRE-HEW'ING, ppr. Hewing in front. 

FoRE'-HOOK, n. In ships, a piece of timber placed across 
the stem to unite the bows and strengthen the fore-part , 
a breast-hook. 

FoRE'-HORSE, n. The horse in a team which goes fore- 
most. 

FoRE-IM-AG'iNE, v. t. To conceive or fancy before proo£ 
or beforehand. 

FoRE-IM-AO'INED, pp. Conceived before. 

FoRE-IM-AGTN-ING, ppr. Imagining beforehand. 

tFoRE-LIFT', v. t. To raise aloft any anterior part.- 
Spenser. 

FoRE-MeANT' (fore-menf), a. Intended beforehand. 

Fo RE-MENTIONED, a. Mentioned before; recited or 
_written in a former part of the same discourse. 

FoRE'-MOTH'ER, n. A female ancestor. — Prideaux. 

FoRE'-NaME, n. The first name that precedes another, as 
Imperator Csesar Augustus. — Selden. 

FoRE'-NaMED, a. 1. Named or nominated before. 2. 
Mentioned before in the same writing or discourse. 

FoRE-No'TlCE, n. Notice or information of an event be 
fore it happens. — Rymer. 

FoRE'-P ART, n. 1. The part first in time. 2. The part most 
advanced in place ; the anterior part. 3. The beginning. 

FoRE'-PLaNE, n. In carpentry and joinery, the first plane 
used after the saw and ax. — Gwilt. 

FoRE-POS-SESSED' (fore-pos-sestf), a. Holding formerly 
in possession ; also, preoccupied ; prepossessed ; pre-en 
gaged. 

FoRE'-RANK, n. The first rank ; the front.— Shah. 

FoRE'-SHROUDS, n. pi. The shrouds of a ship attached to 
the foremast. 

FoRE'-STaY n. In a ship's rigging, a large, strong rope 
reaching from the foremast head toward the bowsprit 
end to support the mast. 

FoRE'-STICK, n. The front stick of a wood fire. 

F5RE'-TA€K-LE, n. The tackle on the foremast. 

FoRE'-TOOTH, n. ; pi. Fore-teeth. One of the teeth In 
the fore-part of the mouth ; an incisor. 

FoRE'-WIND, n. A favorable wind. — Sandys. 

FoRE'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who is chief. — Tatler. 

FoRE'ARM, n. In anatomy, that part of the arm between 
the elbow and the wrist. 

FoRE-IRM', v. t. To arm or prepare for attack or resist- 
ance before the time of need. 

FoRE- ARMED', a. Armed beforehand. 

F0RE-B0DE', v. t. 1. To declare or announce beforehand. 
2. To foreknow ; to be prescient of ; to feel a secret sense 
of something future. — Syn. To foretell , predict ; prognoa 
ticate ; augur ; presage ; portend ; betoken. 

FoRE-BoDE'MENT, n. A presaging ; presagement. 

FoRE-BoD'ER, n. 1. One who forebodes ; a prognostica 
tor; a soothsayer. 2. A foreknower. 

F0RE-B0DTNG, ppr. Prognosticating ; foretelling ; fore 
knowing. 

FoRE-BoD'ING, n. Prognostication. 

FoRE-BoD'ING-LY, adv. In the way of anticipating evil. 

t F5RE-BY', prep. Near ; hard by ; fast by. — Spenser. 

FoRE-C AST, v. t. 1. To foresee ; to provide against. — L'Bs 
trange. 2. To scheme ; to plan before execution. 3. To 
adjust, contrive, or appoint beforehand. 

FoRE-CaST', v. i. To form a scheme previously ; to con- 
trive beforehand. 

FoRE'CaST, n. Previous contrivance ; foresight, or the 
_antecedent determination proceeding from it. 

FoRE-CaST'ER, 71. One who foresees or contrives before- 
hand. 

FoRE-€aST'ING, ppr. Contriving previously. 

FoRE'CAS-TLE (-kas-sl), n. That part of the upper deck of 
a vessel forward of the fore-mast ; also, the forward part 
of a merchant vessel, under the deck, where the sailors 
live. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

FoRE-CHoS'EN (fore-cho'zn), a. Pre-elected; chosen, be- 
forehand. 

FoRE-ClT'ED, a. Cited or quoted before or above. 

FoRE-€LoSE', v. t. To shut up ; to preclude ; to stop ; to 
prevent. — To foreclose a mortgager, in law, is to cut him off 
from his equity of redemption. 

F5RE-€LoSED', pp. Prevented ; precluded ; cut off from 
the right of redemption. 



* pSne Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i. &c. short .— FAR. FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MABiiNE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK. 



FOR 



421 



FOR 



f oRE-CLOSING, ppr. Precluding; cutting off from the 
right of redemption. 

FORE-€LOS'URE (fore-klo'zhur), n. 1. Prevention. 2. 
The act of foreclosing or cutting off the equity of redemp- 
tion. 

FORE-DOOM', v. t. To doom beforehand ; to predestinate. 
— Dryden. 

FORETDOOM, n. Previous doom or sentence. 

FORE'DOOR, n. The door in the front of a house. 

* FORE'Fa-THER, n. An ancestor ; a progenitor ; one who 
precedes another in the line of genealogy, in any degree ; 
usuailv in a remote degree. 

FORE-FEND', v. t. 1. To hinder; to fend off; to avert; to 
prevent approach ; to forbid or prohibit. — Dryden. 2. To 
defend ; to guard ; to secure. 

FORE-FEND'ED, pp. Hindered; prevented. 

FoRE-FEND'ING, ppr. Hindering; preventing. 

* FORE-FIN"GER (-fing'ger), n. The finger next to the 
• thumb ; the index. 

FORE-FLOW, v. t. To flow before.— Dryden. 

FORE'-FRONT (-frunt), n. The foremost part. 

FoRE-Go', v. t. 1. To forbear to possess or enjoy ; volun- 
tarily to avoid the enjoyment of good. 2. To give up ; to 
renounce ; to resign ; [less usual.] 3. To lose. 4. To go 
_before^ to precede ; [obs.] 

FoBE-Go'ER, n. 1. An ancestor ; a progenitor ; [obs.] 2. 
One who goes before another. 3. One who forbears to 
_enjoy. _ 

FoRE-Go'ING, ppr. 1. Forbearing to have, possess, or en- 
joy. 2. a. Going before in time or place. — Syn. Antece- 
_dent ; preceding ; previous ; former ; prior ; anterior. 

FoRE-GONE' (-gawn), pp. 1. Forborne to be possessed or 
enjoyed. 2. Predetermined ; made up beforehand ; as, a 
foregone conclusion. — Skak. 

FORE'GROUND, n. The part of the field or expanse of a 
picture which seems to lie before the figures. 

FORE-GUESS', v. t. To conjecture.— Sherwood. [Bad.] 

FoRE'HAND, n. 1. The part of a horse which is before the 
rider. 2. The chief part. — Shaft. 

FORE'HAND, a. Done sooner than is regular. 

PORE'HAND-ED, a. 1. Early ; timely ; seasonable. Taylor. 
— 2. In America, in good circumstances as to property ; 
free from debt and possessed of property ; as, a forehanded 
farmer. 3. Formed in the fore-parts. — Dryden. 

I ORE'HeAD (forihed, or, rather, for'ed), n. 1. The part of 
the face which extends from the hair on the top of the 
head to the eyes. 2. Impudence ; confidence ; assurance ; 
audaciousness. — Swift. 

FORE'HeAD-BALD, a. Bald above the forehead. 

FoRE-HeAR', v. i. To be informed before. 

t FORE-HEND', v. t. To seize.— Spenser. 

f FORE-HOLD'ING, n. Predictions ; ominous forebodings ; 
superstitious prognostications. 

FOREIGN (foriin), a. [Fr. forain.] 1. Belonging to another 
nation or country ; not of the country in which one re- 
sides. 2. Produced in a distant country or jurisdiction ; 
coming from another country. 3. Not belonging; not 
connected. 4. Impertinent; not pertaining; not to the 
purpose : with to or from ; as, foreign from one's design. 
5. Excluded; not admitted; held at a distance. — Shah. 6. 
Adventitious ; not native or natural. — 7. In law, a foreign 
attachment is an attachment of the goods of a foreigner for 
the satisfaction of a debt due to a citizen ; or an attach- 
ment of the money or goods of a debtor in the hands of 
another person. A foreign, in distinction from an inland 
bill of exchange, is a bill drawn by a person on his agent 
or correspondent in a foreign country. — Foreign plea, a 
plea or objection to a judge as incompetent to try the 
question, on the ground that it is not within his jurisdic- 
tion. — Syn. Outlandish ; alien ; exotic ; remote ; extrane- 
ous; extrinsic. 

FOR'EIGN-BUlLT, a. Built in a foreign country.— Jefferson, 

FOR'EIGN-ER (forln-er), n. A person born in a foreign 
country, or without the country or jurisdiction of which 
one speaks. 

FOR'EIGN-NESS (forln-nes), n, Remoteness ; want of re- 
lation. 

FORE-JUDGE' (fore-juj'), v. t. 1. To prejudge ; to judge be- 
forehand, or before hearing the facts and proof. — 2. In 
law, to expel from a court for mal-practice or non-appear- 
ance. 

FORE-JUDGED' (-judjdO, PP- Prejudged. 

FORE-JUDgTNG. ppr. Prejudring. 

FORE-JUDG'MENT, n. Judgment previously formed. 

FoRE-KNoW (-no), v. t. To have previous knowledge of; 
to foresee. 

FORE-KNO WA-BLE, a. That may be foreknown. 

FORE-KNo WER, n. One who foreknows. 

FORE-KNOWING, ppr. Knowing beforehand. 

FORE-KNo WL'EDgE (-nollej), n. Knowledge of a thing 
before it happens ; prescience. 

FORE-KNOWN' (-none), pp. Known beforehand. 

FOR'EL, n. A kind of parchment for the cover of books. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VF'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this 



| FORE'LAND. n. 1. A promontory or cape ; a point of land 
extending into the sea ; a head land.— 2. In fortification, 
a piece of ground between the wall of a place and the 
moat. 

FORE-LaY', v. t. 1. To lay wait for ; to entrap by ambush. 
2. To contrive antecedently. 

FoRE-LeAD'ER, n. One who leads others. 

FoRE-LEND', v. t. To lend or give beforehand. 

FoRE'LOCK, n. 1. The lock or hair that grows from the 
fore-part of the head. — 2. In sea language, a flat piece of 
iron driven through the end of a bolt to retain it firmly in 
its place. — To take time by the forelock, to seize an opportu- 
nity when presented. 

FORE-LOOK', v. t. To look beforehand or forward. 

FoRE'MAN, n. 1. The first or chief man ; particularly, the 
chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker. 2. The 
superintendent in a printing-office or other establishment. 

FOPtE'MXST, n. The forward mast in any vessel. 

FORE'MOST, a. 1. First in place; most advanced. 2. First 
in dignity. 

FORETMOON, n. The former part of the day, from the 
morning to meridian or noon. 

FO-REN'SAL, a. Forensic. 

FO-REN'SI€, a. [L. forensis.] Belonging to courts of judi- 
cature ; used in courts or legal proceedings. 

FORE-OR-DaIN', v. t. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to 
preordain ; to predestinate ; to predetermine. 

FORE-OR-DaINED', pp. Previously ordained. 

FORE-OR-DaIN'ING, ppr. Preordaining. 

FoB-E-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. Previous ordination or appoint- 
ment; predetermination; predestination. 

FORETaSSED, I a. Passed before a certain time. [Little 

FoRE'PaST > used.] 

FoPJE-PRlZE', v. t. To prize or rate beforehand. 

FORE-PRlZ ED', pp. Prized beforehand. 

FORE-PRlZ'ING, ppr. Prizing beforehand. 

FORE-PROM'ISED (-prom'ist), a. Promised beforehand; 
pre-engaged. 

FORE-QUOTED, a. Cited before ; quoted in a foregoing 
part of the work. 

FORE-RAN', pret. of forerun. 

FORE-ReACH' upon, v. t. In navigation, to gain or advance 
upon in progression or motion. 

t FORE-Re AD', v. t. To signify by tokens. — Spenser 

FORE-ReAD'ING, n, Previous perusal.— Hales. 

FORE-RE-ClTED. a. Named or recited before. 

FORE-RE-MEM'BERED, a. Called to mind previously. 

FoRE'RlGHT, a. Ready ; forward ; quick. — Massinger 

FORE'RlGHT, adv. Right forward ; onward. 

FORE-RUN', v. t. 1. To advance before ; to come before 
as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as a 
harbinger. 2. To precede ; to have the start of. 

FORE-RUN'NER, n. 1. A messenger sent before to give 
notice of the approach of others ; a harbinger ; a precur- 
sor. 2. An ancestor or predecessor; [obs.] 3. A prog- 
nostic ; a sign foreshowing something to follow. 

FORE-RUN'NING, ppr. Running before ; preceding. 

FORE'SAID (fore'sed), pp. or a. Spoken before. See Afore- 
said. 

FOBJE'SXIL, n. A sail extended on the fore-yard, which is 
supported by the foremast. 

FORE-SI Y', v. t. To predict; to foretell.— Shah. 

FORE-SaY'ING, n. A prediction. — Sherwood. 

FORE-SEE', v. t. To see beforehand; to see or know an 
event before it happens ; to have prescience of; to fora- 
know. 

FORE-SEE'ING, ppr. Seeing before the event 

FORE-SEEN', pp. Seen beforehand. 

FoRE-SEER', n. One who foresees or foreknows 

FORE-SeIZE', v. t. To seize beforehand. 

FORE-SeIZ ED', pp. Seized beforehand. 

FoRE-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Seizing beforehand. 

FORE-SHAD'OW, v. t. To shadow or typify beforehand 

FORE-SHAD'OWED, pp. Typified before. 

FORE-SHAD'OW-ING, ppr. Shadowing beforehand. 

FORE-SHAD'O YV-ING, n. The act of shadowing beforehand 
anticipation. 

FORE-SHIME', v. t. To shame ; to bring reproach on 

FORE-SHIMED', pp. Shamed before. 

FORE-SHIM'ING, ppr. Shaming before. 

FORE-SHEW (-sho). See Foreshow. 

FORE'SHIP, n. The fore-part of a ship.— Acts, xxvil. 

FORE-SHORT'EN, v. t. In painting, to represent figures as 
they appear to the eye when viewed obliquely. Thus, a 
carriage-wheel, when viewed obliquely, appears like an el- 
lipse. Human figures painted on a ceiling are sometimes 
so foreshortened that the toes appear almost to touch the 
chin. So. also, in standing near a lofty building, the parts 
above are foreshortened, or appear shorter to the eye than 
they really are, because seen obliquely from below. 

FORE-SHORTEN-ING, n. 1. Th^-hortoning of figures. 2. 
The representation or appearanc. of objects when viewed 
obliquely. See Foreshorten. 

fobsolae. 



■X 



FOR 



422 



FOR 



FG "IE-SHOW, v. t. 1. To show beforehand ; to prognosticate. 
2. To predict ; to foretell. 3. To represent beforehand. 

FORE-SHOWER, n. One who predicts. 

FORE-SHoWING, ppr. Showing before ; predicting. 

FORE-SHoWN', pp. Shown beforehand ; predicted. 

FGRE'SlDE, n. The front side; also, a spacious outside. 

FORE'SlGHT (-site), n. 1. Prescience ; foreknowledge ; 
prognostication ; the act of foreseeing. 2. Provident care 
of futurity ; foreknowledge accompanied with prudence ; 
forethought. 

FORE-SiGHT'ED, a. Looking carefully forward ; watching 
_against evil. 

FoRE-SiGHT'F_UL, a. Prescient; provident. [Little used.] 

FORE-SIG'NI-FY, v. t. To signify beforehand; to betoken 
previously ; to foreshow ; to typify. 

FORE'SKIN, n. The skin that covers the glans penis ; the 
prepuce. 

FoRE'SKiRT (-skurt), n. The loose and pendulous part of 
a coat before. — Shak. 

r FORE-SLACK', v. t. To neglect by idleness.— Spenser. 

\ FoRE-SLoW',»u. t. 1. To delay; to hinder; to impede; 
to obstruct. 2. To neglect ; to omit. 

t FORE-SLOW, v. i. To be dilatory ; to loiter. — Shak. 

FORE-SPkAK', v. t. 1. To foresay ; to foreshow ; to fore- 
tell or predict. 2. To forbid ; [not used.] 3. To bewitch ; 
[not used.] 

t FORE-SPkAK'ING, n. A prediction ; also, a preface. 

f FoRE'SPEECH, n. A preface. — Sherwood. 

FORE-SPENT, a. 1. Wasted in strength ; tired ; exhaust- 
ed. 2. Past. — Spenser; [little used.] 

FORE-SPoK'JSN, a. Previously spoken. 

f FORE-SPUR'RER, n. One who rides before.— Shak. 

FOR'EST, n. [It. foresta; Fr. foret ; Arm. forest.] 1. An ex- 
tensive wood or a large tract of land covered with trees. 
—In America, tho word is usually applied to a wood of 
native growth. It differs from wood or woods chiefly in 
extent. — 2. In law, in Great Britain, a certain territory of 
woody giounds and pastures, privileged for wild beasts 
and fowls of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide 
in, under the protection of the king, for his pleasure. — 
Forest laws, laws for governing and regulating forests and 
preserving game ; [England.] 

FOR'EST, v. t. To cover with trees or wood. 

FOR'EST, a. Sylvan ; rustic— Sir G. Buck. 

FOR'EST-BORN, a. Born in a wild.— Shak. 

FORE'STaFF, n. An instrument used at sea, before the 
sextant was invented, for taking the altitudes of heavenly 
bodies. 

FOR'EST-AGE, n. An ancient service paid by foresters to 
the king ; also, the right of foresters. 

FORE-STALL', v. t. 1. To take beforehand. 2. To hinder 
by preoccupation or prevention. — 3. In law, to buy or bar- 
gain for corn or provisions of any kind before they arrive 
at the market or fair, with intent to sell them at higher 
prices. 4. To deprive by something prior ; [not in use.] 
— Syn. To anticipate ; preoccupy ; monopolize ; engross. 

FoRE-STALL£D'(fore-stawld'),j>p. Anticipated; hindered; 
purchased before arrival in market. 

FORE-STALL'ER, n. One who forestalls. 

FoRE-STALL'ING, ppr. Anticipating; hindering; buying 
provisions before they arrive in market, with intent to sell 
thpm at higher prices. 

FORE-'STALL'ING, n. Anticipation; prevention; the act 
of buying provisions before they are offered in market, 
with intent to sell them at higher prices. 

FOR'EST-ED, pp. or a. Covered with trees or forest ; 
wooded. 

FOR'EST-ER, n. 1. In- England, an officer appointed to 
watch a forest and preserve the game. 2. An inhabitant 
of a forest. 3. A forest tree. 

FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Covering with trees. 

f FORE'SWAT T ' \ a - Exhausted b y heat— Sidney. 

FORETASTE, n. A taste beforehand ; anticipation. , 

FoRE TASTE', v. t. 1. To taste before possession ; to have 
previous enjoyment or experience of something ; to an- 
ticipate. 2. To taste before another. 

FORETASTED, pp. Tasted beforehand.— Milton. 

FORE-TASTER, n. One who tastes beforehand. 

FoRE-Ta STING, ppr. Tasting before. 

FORE-TAUGHT (-tawt), pp. Taught beforehand. 

FoRE-TeACH', v. t. To teach beforehand. — Spenser. 

FORE-TELL', v. t. ; pret. and pp. foretold. 1. To tell before 
an event happens. 2. To foretoken ; to foreshow. Whar- 
ton. — Syn. To predict ; prophesy ; prognosticate ; augur. 

FORE-TELL', v. i. To utter prediction or prophesy. 

FORE-TELL'ER, n. One who predicts or prophesies ; a 
foreshower. — Boyle. 

FORE-TELL'ING, n. Prediction. 

FORE-TELL'ING, ppr. Predicting. 

FoRE-THINK', v. t. 1. To think beforehand ; to anticipate 
_in the mind. 2. To contrive beforehand. 

FoRE-THINK, v. i. To contrive beforehand. 



FORE-THOUGHT' (fore-thawf), pret. of forahink. 

FORETHOUGHT (fore'thawr), n. 1. A thinking beforehand 
2. Provident care. — Syn. Premeditation ; prescience ; fore 
sight-; anticipation; forecast 

FORE'-THOUGHT'FUL, a. Having forethought. 

FoRE-TO'K£N, v. t. " To foreshow ; to presignify ; to prog 
nosticate. 

FORE-TO'KjEN, n. Prognostic ; previous sign. 

FORE-T0'K£N£D, pp. Foreshown. 

FORET0'K.EN-ING, ppr. Presignifying. 

FORE-TOLD', #p. Predicted; told before. 

FORETOP, n. 1. The hair on the fore-part of the beau 
2. That part of a woman's headdress that is forward, oi 
the top of a periwig. — 3. In ships, the platform erected a 1 
the head of the foremast. 

FORETOP'-MAST, n. The mast erected at the head of the 
foremast, and at the head of which stands the foretop 
gallant-mast. 

FOR-EV'ER, adv. [for and ever.] 1. At all times. 2. To 
eternity ; through endless ages. — Syn. Constantly ; con 
tinually ; invariably ; unchangeably ; incessantly ; always ; 
perpetually ; unceasingly ; ceaselessly ; interminably ; ev 
erlastinglyi endlessly^ eternally. 

FORE- VOUCHED' (fore-vouchf), pp. Affirmed before ; for- 
merly told. — Shak. 

FORE 'WARD, n. The van ; the front. 

FORE-WARN', v. t. 1. To admonish beforehand. 2. To in- 
form previously ; to give previous notice. 3. To caution 
beforehand. 

FORE-WARN.ED', pp. Admonished, cautioned, or informed 
beforehand. 

FORE-WARN'ING, ppr. Previously admonishing or inform 
ing. 

FORE-WARN'ING, n. Previous admonition, caution, or no 
rice. 

t FORE-WEND', v. t. To go before.— Spenser. 

FoRE-WISH', v. t. To wish beforehand.— Knolles. 

FORE-WoRN', pp. Worn out ; wasted or obliterated by 
time or use. — Sidney. 

FOR'FEIT (for'rit), v. t. [Fr. forfaire, forfait.] To lose or 
render confiscable by some fault, offense, or crime ; to lose 
the right to some species of property, or that which be- 
longs to one ; to alienate the light to possess by some neg- 
lect or crime. 

FOR'FEIT (for'fit), n. [Fr. forfait; W. forfed.] 1. That 
which is forfeited or lost, or the right to which is alienated 
by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract ; 
hence, a tine ; a mulct ; a penalty. 2. Something deposit- 
ed and redeemable by a jocular tine, whence the game of 
forfeits. — Goldsmith. 3. One whose life is forfeited ; [not 
used.] 

FOR'FEIT, part. a. used for forfeited. Lost or alienated for 
an offense or crime ; liable to penal seizure. 

FOR'FEIT-A-BLE (for'tit-a-bl), a. Liable to be forfeited; 
subject to forfeiture. 

FOR'FEIT-ED, pp. or a. Lost or alienated by an offense, 
crime, or breach of condition. 

FOR'FEIT-ER, n. One who incurs punishment by forfeit- 
ing his bond. — S/iak. 

FOR'FEIT-ING, ppr. Alienating or losing, as a right, by an 
offense, crime, or breach of condition. 

FOR'FEIT-URE, n. 1. The act of forfeiting. 2. That which 
is forfeited ; an estate forfeited. — Syn. Fine ; mulct . 
amercement; penalty. 

t FOR-FEND', v. t. To prevent ; to forbid. 

FOR'FEX, n. [L.] A pair of scissors. — Pope. 

FOR-GAVE', pret. oi forgive, which see. 

FORGE, n. [Fr. forge.] 1. A furnace in which iron or 
other metal is heated and hammered into form. 2. Any 
place where any thing is made or shaped. 3. The act of 
beating or working iron or steel ; the manufacture of met- 
alline bodies. — Bacon. 

FORGE, v. t. 1. To form by heating and hammering; to 
beat into any particular shape, as a metal. 2. To make 
by any means. 3. To make falsely ; to make in the like- 
ness of something else. — Syn. To fabricate ; frame ; coun 
terfeit ; feign ; falsify. 

FORG£D, pp. or a. Hammered ; beaten into shape ; made ; 
counterfeited. 

FoRG'ER, 7i. 1. One who makes or forms. 2. One who 
counterfeits ; a falsifier. 

FoRG'ER,- Y, n. 1. The act of forging or working metal into 
shape ; [obs.] 2. The act of falsifying ; the crime of coun- 
terfeiting. 3. That which is forged or counterfeited. 

FOR-GET, v. t. ; pret. forgot; [for gat, obs. j -p-p. forgot, for- 
gotten. [SayL.forgetan,forgitan,forgyta/i.] 1. To lose the 
remembrance of; to let go from the memory. 2. To 
slight ; to neglect. 

FOR-GET'-ME-NOT', n. A small herb of the genus myoso- 
tis, having a beautiful blue flower, and extensively consid- 
ered the emblem of fidelity. — Encyc. Amer. 

FOR-GET'FUL, a. 1. Apt to forget; easily losing the re- 
membrance of. 2. Unmindful ; negligent ; heedless ; care- 



See Synopsis. A, E, 1, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOQK, 



FOR 



423 



FOli 



*5B8; neglectful; inattentive. 3. Causing to forget; in- 
ducing oblivion ; oblivious ; as, forgetful draughts. — Dry- 
den. 

FOR-GET'FUL-LY, adv. In a forgetful manner. 

FOR-GETFUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being apt to let 
any thing slip from the mind. 2. Loss of remembrance 
or recollection ; a ceasing to remember ; oblivion. 3. Neg- 
lect ; negligence ; careless omission ; inattention ; heed- 
lessness ; carelessness. 

t FoRG'E-TlVE, a. [from forge.] That may forge or pro- 
duce ; inventive. — Shak. 

FOR-GET'TER, n. One who forgets ; a heedless person. 

FOR-GETTING, ppr Losing the remembrance of. 

FOR-GET'TING, n. The act of forgetting ; forgetfulness ; 
inattention. 

FOR-GETTING-LY, adv. By forgetting or forgetfulness. 

FoRG'ING, ppr. Hammering ; beating into shape ; counter- 
feiting. 

FoRG'ING, 72, The act of beating into shape ; the act of 
counterfeiting. 

FOR-GlVA-BLE, a. That may be pardoned. 

FOR-GlVE', v. t. ; pret. forgave ; pp. forgiven, [for and 
give; Sax.fotgifan.] 1. To pardon; to remit, as an of- 
fense or debt ; to overlook an offense, and treat the offend- 
er as not guilty. It is to be noted that pardon, like forgive, 
may be followed by the name or person, and by the of- 
fense ; but remit can be followed by the offense only. 
We forgive or pardon the man, but we do not remit him. 
2. To remit as a debt, fine, or penalty. 

FORGiV'jEN, pp. Pardoned; remitted. 

FOR-GIVE'NESS, n. 1. The act of forgiving; the pardon 
of an offender, by which he is considered and treated as 
not guilty. 2. The pardon or remission of an oftense or 
crime. 3. Disposition to pardon ; willingness to forgive. 
— Dry den. 4. Remission of a debt, fine, or penalty. 

FOR-GiV'ER, n. One who pardons or remits. 

f OR-GiV'ING, ppr. 1. Pardoning ; remitting. 2. a. Dis- 
posed to forgive ; inclined to overlook ofi'enses ; mild ; 
merciful ; compassionate ; tender ; clement. 

FORGOtVeN, \PP- or *■ bom forget. 

t FOR-HaIL', v. t. To draw or distress. — Spenser. 

FO-RIN'SE-CAL, a. [L.forinsecus.] Foreign ; alien. [Rare.] 

FO-RIS-FA-MIL'IaTE, v. t. [L.foris and familia.] Literal- 
ly, to put one's self out of the family. To renounce a legal 
title to a further share of paternal inheritance. 

FO-RIS-FA-MIL-I-A'TION, n. When a child has received a 
portion ot his father's estate, and renounces all title to a 
further share, his act is called forisfamiliation. 

FOR.K, n. [Sax. fore] 1. An instrument consisting of a han- 
dle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more points 
or prongs. 2. A point.— 3. Forks, in the plural, the point 
where aroad parts into two ; and the point where a river 
divides, or, rather, where two rivers meet and unite in one 
stream. Each branch is called a fork. 

FORK, v. i. 1. To shoot into blades, as corn. — Mortimer. 2. 
To divide into two. 

FORK, v. t. 1. To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay. 2. To 
dig and break ground with a fork. 3. To make sharp ; to 
point 

FORKED (forkt), pp. 1. Raised, pitched, or dug with a 
fork. 2. a. Opening into two or more parts, points, or 
shoots. 3. Having two or more meanings ; [not in use.] 

FORK'LESS, a. Having no fork. 

FORK'ED-LY, adv. In a forked form. 

FORK'ED-NESS, n. The quality of opening into two or 
more parts. 

FORKHEAD, n. The point of an arrow. — Spenser. 

FORK'TaIL, n. A salmon, in his fourth year's growth. 
[Local.] 

FORK'Y, a. Forked ; furcated ; opening into two or more 
parts, shoots, or points. — Pope. 

FOR-LaY', v. t. To lie in wait for ; to ambush; as, a thief 
forlays_a. traveler. — Dryden. 

f FOR-LlE', v. L, pret. forlay. To he before or in front of. 
— Spenser. 

\ FOR-L5RE', a. Forlorn. 

FORLORN', a. [Sax. forloren.] 1. Deserted; stripped or 
deprived ; left without resource. Hence, in a state of des- 
titution and wretchedness. 2. Taken away; [obs.] 3. 
Small; despicable; [in a ludicrous sense.]— Syn. Destitute; 
lost ; abandoned ; forsaken ; solitary ; helpless ; friendless ; 
hopeless ; abject ; wretched ; miserable ; pitiable. 

FOR-LORN', n. A lost, forsaken, solitary person.— Shak. 

FOR-LORN' HOPE, n. Literally, a desperate case; and 
hence, in military affairs, a detachment of men appointed 
to lead in an assault, or perform other service attended 
with uncommon peril. 

FOR-LORN'LY, adv. In a forlorn manner. — Pollok. 

FOR-LORNNESS, n. Destitution; misery; a forsaken or 
wretched condition. — Boyle. 

t FOR-LYE'. See Forlie. 

FORM, n. [L. forma ; Fr. forme.] 1. The shape or external 



appearance of a body ; the conformation or make ; the tig 
ure. as defined by lines and angles. 2. Manner of arranging 
particulars ; disposition of particular things. 3. Model 
draught; pattern. 4. Beauty; elegance; splendor; dignity 

5. Regularity ; method ; order ; as, to reduce to form. 6 
External appearance without the essential qualities ; empty 
show ; semblance. 7. Stated method ; established prac- 
tice ; ritual or prescribed mode. 8. Ceremony ; formali- 
ty ; as, a matter of form. 9. Determinate shape. 10. Like- 
ness ; image. 11. Manner ; system, as of government 12. 
Manner of arrangement ; disposition of component parts. 
13. A long seat ; a bench without a back. [In this, and 
the two following senses, the English pronunciation is form.] 
— 14. In schools, a class ; a rank of students. — Dryden. 15. 
The seat or bed of a hare. — Prior. 16. A mold ; some- 
thing to give shape, or on which things are fashioned. — 17. 
In printing, an assemblage of types, composed and ar- 
ranged in order, disposed into pages or columns, and in- 
closed and locked in a chase, to receive an impression. 
The outer form always contains the first and last pages, 
and the inner form the second page. — 18. Essential form 
is that mode of existence which can not cease without de- 
stroying the existence of a thing ; opposed to accidental 
form, which can thus cease. 

FORM, v. t. [L. formo.] 1. To make or cause to exist; to 
create. 2. To shape ; to mold or fashion into a particular 
shape or state ; to construct. 3. To plan ; to scheme ; to 
modify. — Dryden. 4. To arrange ; to combine in a par- 
ticular manner. 5. To adjust f to settle; [rare.] 6. To 
contrive ; to invent as a design. 7. To make up ; to 
frame ; to settle by deductions of reason, as an opinion. 
8. To mold ; to model by instruction and discipline, as 
one's character. 9. To combine ; to unite individuals into 
a collective body. 10. To make ; to establish. 11. To 
compile. 12. To constitute ; to make ; as, to form part 
of a thing. — 13. In grammar, to make by derivation, or by 
affixes or prefixes. 14. To enact; to make; to ordain. 

FORM, v. i. To take a form. 

FORM'AL, a. 1. According to form ; agreeable to establish- 
ed mode. 2. Strictly ceremonious ; exact to affectation ; 
as, formal manners. 3. Done in due form, or with so- 
lemnity ; express ; according to regular method ; not inci- 
dental, sudden, or irregular. 4. Regular ; methodical ; as, 
the formal stars ; [rare.] 5. Having the form or appearance 
without the substance or essence ; as, formal religion. 

6. Depending on customary lorais. — Pope. 7. Having the 
power of making a thing what it is; constituent; essen- 
tial. — Holder. 8. Retaining its proper and essential char- 
acteristic ; proper. Shak. — Syn. Precise ; punctilious ; 
stiff"; .starched ; affected; ritual; ceremonial; externa; 
outward. 

FOE.MAL-ISM, n. A resting in mere external forms of re- 
ligion. 

FORM'AL-IST, n. 1. One who observes forms. 2. One 
who rests in external religious forms or ceremonies. 

FOR-MAL'I-TY, n. 1. The practice or observance of forms. 
2. Ceremony ; mere conformity to customary modes. 3. 
Established order ; rule of proceeding ; mode ; method. 
4. Order ; decorum tu be observed ; customary mode of 
behavior. — D Estrange. 5. Customary mode of dress ; 
habit ; robe. — Swift. 6. External appearance. — Glanville. 

7. Essence ; the quality which constitutes a thing what it 
is. Stillingfieet.—Q. In the schools, the formal nature of an 
object, or that by which it is distinguished from another 
object. 

t FORMAL-lZE, v. t. To model.— Hooker. 

FORMAL-lZE, v. i. To affect formality. [Little used.\ 

FORMAL-IZ£D. pp. Modeled. 

FORM'AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Modeling. 

FORMAL-LY, adv. 1. According to established form, rule, 
order, rite, or ceremony. 2. Ceremoniously ; stiffly ; pre- 
cisely. 3. In open appearance ; in a visible and apparent 
state. 4. Essentially ; characteristically.— Smalridge. 

FORMA PAU'PER-IS. [L.] To sue in forma pauperis, 
is to sue as a poor man, which relieves from cost — 
Bouvier. 

FORMATE, n. [more correct than formiate, but both are 
used.] A salt composed of formic acid and combined 
with a base. 

FOR-Ma'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. formatio.] 1. The act of form- 
ing or making ; the act of creating or causing to exist ; the 
operation of collecting things together, or of shaping and 
giving form. 2. Generation ; production. 3. The "man- 
ner in which a thing is formed. — 4. In grammar, the act or 
manner of forming one word from another. — 5. In geology, 
a single mass of one kind of rock, more or less extensive, 
or a collection of mineral substances, formed by the same 
agent, under the same or similar circumstances. — Cleave- 
land. 

FORMA-TIVE, a. 1. Giving form; having the power ot 
giving form ; plastic ; as, the formative arts. — 2. In gram- 
mar, serving to form ; derivative ; not radical ; as, a termi 
nation merely formative. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS — € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FOR 



424 



FOR 



t ORM'A -Ti V E, n. In grammar, that which serves merely 
to give form, and is no part of the radical. 

FORM.ED, pp. Made; shaped; molded; planned; arranged; 
combined; enacted; constituted. 

FOR'ME-DON, re. [L. forma donl] In English law, formerly, 
a writ of right for a tenant in tail. 

FORM'ER, re. He who forms ; a maker ; an author. 

FOR'MER, a., comp. deg. [Sax. form, forma.] 1. Before in 
'time ; preceding another or something else in order of 
time ; opposed to latter. 2. Past, and frequently ancient, 
long past. 3. Near the beginning; as, the former part of a 
book. 4. Mentioned before another. — Syn. Prior ; previ- 
ous ; anterior ; antecedent ; preceding ; foregoing. 

FOR'MER-LY, ad,\ In time past ; either in time immediate- 
ly preceding, or at any indefinite distance ; of old ; hereto- 
fore ; anciently ; in days of yore. 

FORM'FUL, a. Ready to form ; creative ; imaginative. 

FOR'MI-ATE, re. [from L. formica.] A salt, composed of 
the formic acid and a base. See Formate. 

FOR'MI-G, a. [L. formica.] Pertaining to ants ; as, the for- 
mic acid : an acid obtained originally from red ants, but 
now formed by artificial distillation. 

FOR-MI-€a'TION, n. [L. formicatio.] A sensation of the 
body resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the 
skin. 

FOR'MI-DA-BLE, a. [L. formidabilis.] Exciting fear or ap- 
prehension ; impressing dread ; adapted to excite fear, and 
deter from approach, encounter, or undertaking. — Syn. 
Dreadful ; fearful ; terrible ; frightful ; shocking ; horrible ; 
terrific ; tremendous. 

FORMI-DA-BLE-NESS, re. The quality of being formida- 
ble, or adapted to excite dread. 

FOR'MI-DA-BLY, adv. In a manner to impress fear. 

FOR'MILL, v. t. To order. [Craven dialect.] 

FORM'LESS, a. Shapeless ; without a determinate form ; 
wanting regularity of shape. — Shak. 

t FOR-MOS'I-TY, re. [L. formositas.] Beauty ; fairness. — 
Cockeram. 

FORM'U-LA, 7i. [L.] 1. A prescribed form ; a rule or 
model. — 2. In medicine, a prescription. — 3. In church 
affairs, a confession of faith. — 4. In mathematics, a general 
expression for resolving certain cases or problems. — 5. In 
chemistry, a term applied to the symbols representing the 
different substances. — lire. 

FORM'U-LA-RY, n. [Fr. formulaire.] 1. A book containing 
stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, 
prayers, and the like ; a book of precedents. 2. Prescribed 
form ; formula. 

FORM'B-LA-RY, a. Stated; prescribed; ritual. 

FORM'ELE, n. [Fr.] A set or prescribed model ; formula. 
— Johnson. 

FORN'I-€aTE, \a. [L. fomicatus.] Arched ; vaulted like 

FORN'I-€a-TED, J an oven or furnace. 

FORN'I-GaTE, v. i. [L. fomicor.] To commit lewdness, as 
an unmarried man or woman, or as a married man with 
an unmarried woman. 

FORN-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. fornicatio.] 1. The incontinence 
or lewdness of unmarried persons, male or female ; also, 
the criminal conversation of a married man with an un- 
married woman. 2. Adultery. — Matt., v. 3. Incest. 4. 
Idolatry ; a forsaking of the true God, and worshiping of 
idols. — 2 Chron., xxL 5. An arching ; the forming of a 
vault. 

FORN'I-€a-TOR, re. 1. An unmarried person, male or fe- 
male, who has criminal conversation with the other sex ; 
also, a married man who has sexual commerce with an 
unmarried woman. [See Adultery.] 2. A lewd person. 
3. An idolater. 

FORN'I-GI-TRESS, re. An unmarried female guilty of lewd- 
ness. 

t FOR-PaSS', v. i. To go by ; to pass unnoticed. — Spenser. 

t FOR-PlNE', v. i. To pine or waste away. — Spenser. 

FOR-RaY', v. t. To ravage.— Spenser. [Obs,] 

FOR-RaY', n. The act of ravaging. See Foray. 

FOR-SaKE', v. t. ; pret. forsook ; pp. forsaken. [Sax. forsa- 
can, forsacan.] 1. To leave entirely, as a friend. 2. To 
depart from, as a law or rule of action. 3. To withdraw 
from ; as, one's courage forsakes him. — 4. In Scripture, 
God forsakes his people when he withdraws his aid. or the 
light of his countenance. — Syn. To quit ; assert ; fail 
abandon ; relinquish ; give up ; renounce ; reject. 

FOR-SaK'ER,, re. One who forsakes or deserts. 

FOR-SaK'_EN, pp. or a. Deserted; left; abandoned; for- 
lorn ;_ destitute. 

FOR-SaK'ING, ppr. Leaving or deserting. 

FOR-SaKTNG, n. The act of deserting; dereliction. 

t FOR-SaY', v. t. To forbid; to renounce. — Spenser. 

t FOR-SLAGK', v. t. To delay.— Spenser. 

FOR-SOOTH', adv. [Sax. forsothe.] In truth ; in fact; cer- 
tainly; very well. [Chiefly used in contempt or irony.] 

t FORS'TER, n. A forester.— Chancer. 

FOR-SWEaR', v. t. ; pret. forswore ; pp. forsworn. [Sax. for- 
swarian.] 1. To reject or renounce upon oath. 2. To 



deny upon oath. Dryden. — To fmswear ones self, is to 
swear falsely ; to perjure one's self. 

FOR-SWEaR, v. i. To swear falsely ; to commit perjury 

FOR-SWEaR'ER, n. One who rejects on oath; one who 
is perjured ; one who swears a false oath. 

FOR-SWE aR'ING. ppr. Denying on oath ; swearing falsely. 

t FOR-SW6NK', a. [Sax. swincan.] Overlabored. — Spenser. 

FOR-SWoRE', pret. of forswear. 

FOR-SWoRN', pp. of forswear. Renounced on oath ; per 
jured. 

FOR-SWoRN'NESS, re. The state of being forsworn. 

FoRT, a. [Fr. fort ; It., Port, forte.] 1. A fortified place ; a 
place surrounded with means of defense ; any building or 
place fortified; a castle. 2. A strong side, opposed to 
weak side, or foible. 

FoRT'AL-lCE, n. A fortilage, or small outwork of a forti 
lication. 

FORTE (for'ta), adv. [It.] A direction to sing or play with 
loudness or force. 

FoRTE, 7i. [Fr.] The strong point ; that art or department 
in which one excels. 

FoRTED, a. Furnished with forts ; guarded by forts. 

FORTH, adv. [Sax. forth ; G. fort.] 1. Forward ; onward 
in time ; in advance. 2. Forward in place or order. 3. 
Out ; abroad ; noting progression or advance from a state 
of confinement. 4. Out ; away ; beyond the boundary of 
a place ; [little used.] 5. Out into public view, or public 
character. 6. Thoroughly ; from beginning to end ; [obs.] 
7. On to the end ; [obs.] 

FoRTH, prep. Out of.— Shak. 

t FORTH, re. [Su. Goth. /art.] Away. 

FoRTH'-€6M'ING (-kum'ing), a. Ready to appear ; making 
appearance. 

FoRTH -IS'SU-ING (-ish'shu-ing), a. Issuing ; coming out , 
coming forward as from a covert. — Pope. 

FoRTH'Go-ING, re. 1. A going forth, or utterance ; a pro- 
ceeding from. — Chalmers. 2. a. Going forth. 

t FOR-THINK', v. t. To repent of.— Spenser. 

t FoRTH-RiGHT', adv. Straight forward ; in a straight di- 
rection. — Sidney. 

t FoRTH-RTGHT, re. A straight path.— Shak. 

FoRTH'WARD, adv. Forward.— Bp. Fisher. 

FoRTH-WITH', adv. Immediately ; without delay ;. directly. 

t FoR'THY, adv. [Sax. forthi.] Therefore.— Spenser. 

FOR'TI-ETH, a. The fourth tenth ; noting the number next 
after the thirty-ninth. 

FOR'TI-Fl-A-BLE. a. That may be fortified. [Little used.) 

FOR-TI-FI-€a'TION, re. 1. The act of fortifying. 2. The 
art or science of fortifying places to defend them against 
an enemy. 3. The works erected to defend a place against 
attack. 4. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 5. Additional 
strength. 

FOR'TI-Fl ED, pp. or a. Made strong against attacks. 

FOR'TI-Fl-ER, re. 1. One who erects works for defense. 
2. One who strengthens, supports, and upholds ; that 
which strengthens. 

FOR'TI-FY, v. t. [Fr. fortifier.] 1. In a general sense, to add 
to the strength of; as, to fortify wine by the addition of 
brandy ; [recent.] 2. To strengthen and secure by forts, 
batteries, and other works of art. 3. To strengthen 
against any attack ; to invigorate ; as. to fortify the mind. 
4. To confirm; to add strength and firmness to. 5. To 
famish with strength or means of resisting force, violence, 
or assault. 

FOR'TI-FT, v. i. To raise strong places.— Milton. 

FOR'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Making strong against attacks. 

t FoR'TI-L AGE, re. A little fort ; a block-house. 

FoP/P'IN, re. [Fr.] A little fort ; a field fort ; a sconce. 

FOR-TIS' SI-MO. [It.] In music, a direction to sing with 
the utmost strength or loudness. 

FOR'TI-TER IN RE. [L.] Firmly in action or execution. 

FOR'TI-TUDE, re. [L. fortitude.] That strength or firmness 
of mind which enables a person to encounter danger with 
coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity without 
murmuring, depression, or despondency. We sometimes 
confound the effect with the cause, and use fortitude as 
synonymous with courage or patience ; but courage is an 
active virtue or vice, wad. patience is the effect of fortitude- 
— Syn. Resolution ; resoluteness ; endurance ; bravery 

FoRT'LET, re. A little fort. 

'FORTNIGHT (fort'nite), re. [contracted from fourteen 
nights.] The space of fourteen days ; two weeks. 

FORT'NlGHT-LY, adv. Once a fortnight. [English.] 

FORTRESS, re. [Fr. forteresse.] 1. Any fortified placj ; a 
fort ; a castle ; a strong hold ; a place of defense or se- 
curity. 2. Defense; safety; security. 

FORTRESS, v. t. To furnish with fortresses ; to guard ; ta 
fortify. — Shak. 

FORTRESS£D (for'trest), a. Defended by a fortress. 

FOR-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. fortuitus.] Happening by chance , 
coming or occurring unexpectedly, or withotit any known 
cause. — Syn. Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental 

FOR-TC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally: casually. 



See Synopsis. A, f, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, shoit.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;-M0 VE, BOOK. 



FOR 



425 



FOU 



* UR-Tu I-TOUS-NES3, n. The quality of being accidental ; 
accidtnt ; chance. 

FOR-Tu'I-TY, n. Chance; accident.— Forbes. 

FORTUNATE, *. [L. fortunatus.] 1. Coming by good luck 
or favorable chance ; bringing some unexpected good. 2. 
Lucky; successful; receiving some unforseen or unex- 
pected, good. 3. Receiving some good in consequence 
of efforts, but where the event was uncertain. — Syx. Auspi- 
cious ; lucky ; prosperous ; successful ; favored ; happy. 

FORTU-NATE-LY, adv. Luckily ; successfully ; happily ; 
hy good fortune, or favorable chance or issue. 

FORTU-NATE-NESS, n Good luck ; success ; happiness. 
— Sidney. 

FORTUNE (forfyun), n. [Ft., L. fortuna.] 1. Properly, 
the arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected man- 
ner. The ancients worshiped fortune as a goddess. 
Hence, in modern use, a power supposed to distribute arbi- 
trarily the allotments of life. 2. The good or ill that be- 
falls man. 3. Success, good or bad ; event. 4. The chance 
of life; means of living ; wealth. 5. Estate; possessions. 
6. A large estate ; great wealth. 7. The portion of a man 
or woman ; generally of a woman. 8. Futurity ; future 
state or events ; destiny ; as, to tell one's fortune. — Syn. 
Chance; accident; luck; fate. 

i FORTUNE, v. t. 1. To make fortunate.— Chaucer. 2. To 
dispose fortunately or not ; also, to presage. — Dryden. 

FORTUNE, v. i. To befall; to fall out; to happen; to 
come casually to pass. — Knolles. 

FORTUNE-BOOK, n. A book to be consulted to discover 
future events. — Crashaw. 

FORTUNE-HUNTER, n. A man who seeks to marry a 
woman with a large portion, with a view to enrich him- 
self. — Addison. 

FORTUNE-HUNTTNG, n. The seeking of a fortune by 
marriage. 

FORTUNE-TELL, v. t. To tell or pretend to tell the future 
events of one's life ; to reveal futurity. 

FORTUNE-TELL'ER, n. One who tells or pretends to 
foretell the events of one's life. 

FORTUNE-TELLING, ppr. Telling the future events of 
one's life. 

FORTUNE-TELLTNG, n. The act or practice of foretell- 
ing the future fortune or events of one's life. 

FORTUNED, a. Supplied by fortune.— Shak. 

FORTUNE-LESS, a. Luckless ; also, destitute of a fortune 
or portion^ 

f FORTUN-lZE, v. t. To regulate the fortune of. 

FORTY, a. [S&x. feoicertig.] 1. Four times ten. 2. An in- 
definite number; [a colloquial use.] 

F5R.UM, n. [L.] 1. In Rome, a public place, where causes 
were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people ; 
also, a market-place. 2. A tribunal ; a court ; any assembly 
empowered to hear and decide causes; also, jurisdiction. 

t FOR-WAN'DER, v. i. To wander away ; to rove wildly. 

t FOR-WAN'DERED. a. Lost ; bewildered. 

FORWARD, adv. [Sax. forweard.] Toward a part or place 
before or in front; onward; progressively. — In a skip, 
forward denotes toward the fore-part. 

FOR'WARD, a. 1. Near or at the fore-part ; in advance of 
something else. 2. Ready ; prompt ; strongly inclined. 

3. Ardent ; eager ; earnest ; violent : [applied to soldiers.] 

4. Bold : confident ; less reserved or modest than is proper ; 
immodest, presumptuous; [in a lad sense.] 5. Advanced 
beyond the usual degree ; advanced for the season ; as, a 
forward year. 6. Quick : hasty ; too ready. 7. Anterior ; 
fore.— Shak. 8. Advanced ; not behindhand. — Shak. 

FOR'WARD, v. t. 1. To advance ; to help onward; to pro- 
mote. 2. To accelerate ; to quicken ; to hasten. 3. To 
send forward ; to send toward the place of destination ; 
to transmit, as a letter. 

FOR'WARD-ED, pp. Advanced ; promoted ; aided in prog- 
ress ; quickened ; sent onward ; transmitted. 

FOR'WARD-ER, n. 1. He that promotes or advances in 
progress. 2. One who sends forward or transmits goods ; 
a forwarding merchant ; [American.] 

FOR WARD-IN G, ppr. or a. Advancing ; promoting ; aid- 
ing in progress ; accelerating in growth ; sending onward ; 
transmitting. 

FOR W ARD-ING, n. The act or business of sending for- 
ward merchandise, &c. 

FOR'WARD-LY. adv. Eagerly; hastily; quickly. 

FORWARD-NESS. n. 1. Cheerful readiness. 2. Eager de- 
sire lor action. 3. Want of due reserve or modesty. 4. 
A state of advance beyond the usual degree ; earliness. — 
Si'N. Promptness ; promptitude ; eagerness; ardor; zeal; 
assurance ; confidence ; boldness j impudence ; presump- 
tion. 

1 FOR WaS VE , '0. t. To waste ; to desolate.— Spenser. 

tFOR-WEA RY, v. t. To dispirit.— Spenser. 

FOR-WEEP . v. i. To weep much.— Chaucer. 

\ FOR'WoBD (-wurd), v. A promise. — Spenser. 

FOR-ZAN'DO (fort sau'do') [It] In music, directs that notes 
are to be boldly struck and continued. 



FOSSE, it. [Fr. fosse.] 1. A ditch or moat; [a ioord used 
in fortification.] — 2. In anatomy, a kind of cavit}" in a bone, 
with a large aperture. — Encyc. 

FOS'SIL, a. [Fr. fossile.] Dug out of the earth; as, fossil 
coaL The term is now applied to petrified forms of ani- 
mals or vegetables dug out of the earth. 

FOS'SIL, n. A substance dug from the earth. — In mineral- 
ogy and geology, a term designating the petrified forms of 
plants and animals which occur in the strata of the earth's 
surface ; more rarely, any mineral body. 

FOS'SIL— CoTAL, n. Highgate resin; a resinous substance 
found at Highgate, near London. 

FOS-SIL-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. fossilis and fero.] Containing 
fossil or organic remains ; as, fossiliferous rocks. 

FOS'SIL-ISTf n. One versed in the science of fossils.- 
Blvtk. 

FOS-SIL-I-Za'TION, n. The act or process of converting 
into a fossil or petrifaction. — Journal of Science. 

FOS'SIL-IZE, v. t. To convert into stone. 

FOS'SIL-lZE, v. i. To be changed into a stone. 

FOS'SIL-lZED, pp. or a. Converted into a stone. 

FOS'SIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Changing into a stone. 

F0S-SIL'0-6Y, n. [fossil, and. Gr. Aoyof.J A discourse or 
treatise on fossils ; also, the science of lossils. 

FOS-So'ReS, n. pi. [L. diggers.] A group of insects which 
excavate cells for their eggs in wood or the earth. 

FOS-So'PJ-AL, a. Digging"; burrowing. 

FOS-SoRI-AL, n. The name of burrowing animals like the 
mole. 

FOSS'RoAD, \ n. A Roman military way in England, lead- 

FOSS WaY, j big from Totness to Barton. — Encyc. 

FOS'SU-LATE, n. [L. fossa.] Having long and narrow 
lines of depression like trenches. 

FOSTER, v. t. [Sax. fostrian.] 1. To feed ; to nourish ; to 
support ; to bring up. 2. To cherish ; to forward ; to pro- 
mots growth. 3. To cherish ; to harbor or indulge ; to 
encourage ; to sustain and promote. 

FOSTER, v. i. To be nourished or trained up together. 

FOSTER, n. A forester.— Spenser. 

FOSTER-AGE, re. The charge of nursing.— Raleigh. 

FOSTER-BROTHER (-brufh'er), n. A male nursed at the 
same breast, or fed by the same nurse, but not the off- 
spring of fhe_same parents. 

FOSTER-CHlLD, n. A child nursed by a woman not the 
mother, or bred by a man not the father. 

FOSTER-DAJM, n. A nurse ; one that performs the office 
of a mother by giving food to a child. 

FOSTER-EARTH (-erth), n. Earth by which a plant is 
nourished, though not its native soil. — Philips. 

FOSTER-FATHER, n. One who takes the place of a fa- 
ther, in feeding and educating a child. — Bacon. 

FOSTER-MoTH'ER (-mufh'er), n. A nurse. 

FOSTER-NURSE, n. A nurse. [Tautological] 

FOSTER-SISTER, n. A female nursed by the same per- 
son. — Swift. 

FOSTER-S6N (-sun), n. One fed and educated, like a son, 
though not a son by birth. — Dryden. 

FOSTERED, pp. Nourished; cherished; promoted. 

FOSTER-ER, n. A nurse; one who feeds and nourishes 
in the place of parents. — Davies. 

FOSTER-LN G,£pr. or a. Nourishing; cherishing; bringing 
up. 

FOSTER-ING, n. 1. The act of nursing, nourishing, and 
cherishing. 2. Nourishment. — Chaucer. 

FOSTER-LING. n. A foster-child.— Ben Jonson. 

t FOSTER-MENT, n. Food ; nourishment. 

FOSTER-SHIP, n. The office of a fosterer.— Churton. 

FOSTRESS, n. A female who feeds and cherishes; a 
nurse. — Ben Jonson. 

FOTH'ER, n. [Ger. fuder.] A weight for lead, &c, usually 
about 2400 pounds. See Fodder. 

FOTH'ER, v. t. To endeavor to stop a leak in the bottom 
of a ship, while afloat, by letting down under the bottom 
a sail filled with oakum. &c„ to be sucked into the crack 

FOTH'ERED, pp. Stopped, as a leak in a ship. 

FOTH'ER-ING, ppr. Stopping leaks, as above. 

FOTH'ER-ING, n. The operation of stopping leaks in a 
ship. 

FoU-GADE', I n. [Fr. fougade.] In the art of war, a little 

FoU-GASS', J mine, "dug to defend or destroy a fortifica- 
tion by its explosion. 

FOUGHT (Tawt), prct. and pp. of fight. 

tFOUGHT'EN (fawtn), for fought. 

FOUL, a. [Sax. ful, faul.] 1. Covered with or containing 
extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious, or offen- 
sive ; filthy ; dirty ; not clean. 2. Turbid ; thick ; muddy 
3. Impure ; polluted ; as, a foul mouth.— Shak. 4. Im- 
pure ; scurrilous ; obscene or profane. 5. Cloudy and 
stormy; rainy or tempestuous, as the weather. 6. Im- 
pure ; defiling, as a disease. 7. Wicked : detestable ; 
abominable. 6. Unfair ; not honest ; not lawful or accord- 
ing to established rules or customs ; as, foul play. 9. Hate- 
ful ; ugly ; loathsome. — Shak. 10. Disgraceful ; shameful 



DnVR —BULL. UNITE :— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— €■ as K; 6 as J .. S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. T Obsolete. 



FOU 



426 



FOX 



1 1. Coarse ; gross , as, foul feeding. 12. Full of gross hu- 
mors or impurities. — Shak. 13. Full of weeds.— 14. Among 
seamen, entangled ; hindered from motion ; opposed to 
clear ; as, a rope is foul. 15. Covered with weeds or bar- 
nacles, as a ship's bottom. 16. Not fair ; contrary, as wind. 
17. Not favorable or safe for anchorage ; dangerous ; as, 
a foul harbor or bay. — To fall foul, 1. Is to rush on with 
haste, rough force, and unseasonable violence. 2. To run 

FOUL, v. t. [Sax. fulian, gefylan.] To make filthy ; to de- 
file ; to daub ; to dirty ; to bemire ; to soil. 

FOUL'-FICED (-faste), a. Having an ugly or hateful visage. 

FOUL-FEED'ING, a. Gross ; feeding grossly.— Hall. 

FOUL-MOUTH.ED, a. Using language scurrilous, oppro- 
brious, obscene, or profane ; uttering abuse, or profane or 
obscene words ; accustomed to use bad language. 

FOUL'-SP5K-£N, a. 1. Slanderous.— Shak. 2. Using pro- 
fane, scurrilous, or obscene language. 

t FOUL'DER, v. i. To emit great heat. — SpeJiser. 

FOULED, pp. Defiled; dirtied. 

FOUL'ING. ppr. Making foul ; defiling. 

FOUL'LY, adv. 1. Filthily; nastily; hatefully; scandal- 
ously ; disgracefully ; shamefully. 2. Unfairly ; not hon- 
estly. 

FOUL'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being foul or filthy ; filth- 
iness ; defilement. 2. The quality or state of containing 
or being covered with any thing extraneous which is nox- 
ious or offensive. 3. Pollution ; impurity. 4. Hatefulness; 
atrociousness ; abominableness ; wickedness. 5. Ugliness ; 
deformity. — Dryden. 6. Unfairness ; dishonesty ; want 
of candor. 

FoU'MaRT, n. [Scot, foumarte.] The pole-cat. 

FOUND, pret. and pp. of find. This word is sometimes used 
in thi sense of supplied with food at another's expense ; 
as, a laborer is hired at so much a day, and is found. 

FOUND, v. t. [L. fundo ; Fr. fonder.] 1. To lay the basis 
of any thing ; to set, or place, as on something solid, for 
support. 2. To begin and build; to lay the foundation, 
and raise a superstructure. 3. To set or place ; to estab- 
lish, as on something solid or durable. 4. To begin ; to 
form or lay the basis; to institute, as a college. 5. To 
give birth to ; to originate, as an art or family. 1). To set ; 
to place ; to establish on a base., 7. To fix firmly. — Shak. 

FOUND, v. t. [L. fundo ; Fr. fondre.] To cast ; to form by 
melting a metal and pouring it into a mold. [Rare.] 

FOUN-Da'TION, n. [L. fundatio.] 1. The base of an edi- 
fice ; that part of a building or structure which rests on 
the ground. 2. The act of fixing the base. — Tickel. 3. 
The base or ground-work of any tiling, as of a govern- 
ment. 4. Original ; rise ; origin, as of the world. 5. En- 
dowment ; a donation or legacy appropriated to support 
an institution. 6. Establishment ; settlement ; institution. 

FOUN-Da'TION-ER, n. One who derives support from the 
funds or foundation of a college or great school. [Eng.] 

FOUN-DI'TION-LESS, a. Having no foundation. 

FOUND'ED, pp. Set ; fixed ; established on a base ; begun 
and built. 

FOUND'ER, n. 1. One who founds, establishes, and erects ; 
one who lays a foundation. 2. One who begins ; an au- 
thor ; one from whom any thing originates. 3. One who 
endows; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the 
support of an institution. — 4. [Fr. fondeur.] A caster ; 
one who casts metals. 5. A lameness occasioned by in- 
flammation within the hoof of a horse. — Buchanan. 

FOUND'ER, v. i. [Fr. fondre.] 1. In seamen's language, to 
fill or be filled with water, and sink, as a ship. 2. To fail ; 
to miscarry. — Shak. 3. To trip ; to fall. — Chaucer. 

FOUND'ER, v. t. To cause internal inflammation and great 
soreness in the feet of a horse. 

FOUND'ER.ED, pp. or a. Made lame in the feet by inflam- 
mation and extreme tenderness, as a horse. 2. Sunk in 
the sea, as a ship. 

FOUND'ER-OUS. a. Failing ; liable to sink from beneath ; 
ruinous ; as, a founder ous road. — Burke. 

FOUND'ER- Y, n. [Fr. fonderie.] 1. The art of casting met- 
als into various forms for use ; the casting of statues. 2. 
The house and works occupied in casting metals. 

FOUNDING, n. The art of casting or forming of melted 
metal any article, according to a given design or pattern. 

FOUND'LING, n. A deserted or exposed infant ; a child 
found without a parent or owner.— Foundling hospital, a 
hospital for the care of foundlings. 

FOUNDRESS, n. A female founder ; a woman who founds 
or establishes, or who endows with a fund. 

FOUND'RY, n. A building occupied for casting metals. 
See Focndery. 

FOUNT, )n. [L.fons; Fr. fontaine; Sp. fiente.] 1. A 

FOUNTAIN, 5 spring or source of water , properly, a 
spring or issuing of water from the earth. 2. A small 
basin of springing water. 3. A jet; a spouting of water ; 
an artificial spring. 4. The head or source of a river. 
5. Original ; first principle or cause ; the source of any 
thing.— Fount of types, see Font. 



Primary source , 
isles, a tree which 
wanting a 



FOUNT'AIN-HIAD (founfin-hed), n. 
original ; first principle. — Young. 

FOUNTAIN-TREE, n. In the Canary 
distills water from its leaves. 

FOUNTAIN-LESS, a. Having no fountain 
spring. — Milton. 

FOUNT'FUL, a. Full of springs.— Chapman. 

FoUR, a. [Sax. feower; Ger. vier.] Twice two. 

FoUR'-EDG.ED, a. Having four edges.— Smith. 

FoUR'-FOOT-ED, a. Quadruped ; having four feet. 

FoUR'-S QUIRE, a. Having four sides and four angles 
^qual ; quadrangular.— Raleigh. 

FoUR'-WHEEL_E D, a. Having or running on four wheels. 

FoURBE (foorb), n. [Fr.] A tricking fellow ; a cheat. TiVof 
English.] 

FoUR'FoLD, a. Four double ; quadruple ; four times told. 

FoUR'FoLD, n. Four times as much. 

FoUR'FoLD, v. t. To assess in a fourfold ratio. [Not aur 
thorized.] 

FoUR'FoLD-ING, n. Making four double ; quadrupling. - 
Dwight. 

FoUR'I-ER-ISM (foorie-er-izm), n. The system of Charles 
Fourier, a Frenchman, who recommends the re-organiza- 
tion of society into small communities, living in common. 

FoUR'I-ER-lTE, n. One who favors Fourierism. 

FoUR'RIeR, n. [Fr.] A harbinger. [Not English.] 

FoUR'SCoRE, a. Four times twenty; eighty. It is used 
_elliptically for fourscore years. 

FOURTEEN, a. [four and ten; Sax. feowertyn.] Four and 
ten ; twice seven. 

FOURTEENTH, a. The ordinal of fourteen; the fourth 
after the tenth. 

FOURTEENTH, n. In music, the octave of the seventh. 

FOURTH, a. The ordinal of four ; the next after the third. 

FoURTH, n. In music, an interval composed of two tones 
and a semitone. 

FOURTHLY, adv. In the fourth place. 

FoU'TER (foo'ter), n. A despicable fellow.— Brocket 

t FoU'TRA, n. [Fr. foutre.] A fig; a scoff.— Shak. 

FoU'TY (foo'te), a. '[Fr. foutu.] Despicable. 

Fo'VE-O-La-TED, a. [Low L. foveola.] Having little de- 
pressions or pits. — Smith. 

FO-VIL'LA, n. [L. foveo.] A fine substance, imperceptible 
to the naked eye, emitted from the pollen of flowers! 

FOWL, n. [Sax. fugel, fugl.] A flying or winged animal , 
a bird. — Fowl is used as a collective noun ; as, we dined on 
fish and fowl. It is now usually applied to the common 
domestic fowl. 

FOWL, v. i. To catch or kill wild fowls for game or food. 

FOWL'ER, n. A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or 
takes or kills them for food. 

FOWLING, ppr. Pursuing or taking wild fowls. 

FOWL'ING, n. The art or practice of catching or shooting 
fowls or birds ; also, falconry. 

FOWL'ING-PIECE, n. A light gun for shooting fowls or 
birds. 

FOX, n. [Sax. fox.] 1. A well-known animal, with a straight 
tail, yellowish or straw-colored hair, and erect ears, re- 
markable for cunning. 2. A sly, cunning fellow.— 3. In 
seamen's language, a small strand of rope, made by twist- 
ing several rope-yarns together. — 4. Formerly, a cant ex- 
pression for a sword.— Shak. 

FOX, v. t. 1. To intoxicate; to stupefy. — Boyle; [obs.] 
2. To cover the feet of boots with new leather and new 
soles. [America.] 

FOX, v. i. To turn sour. — Smart. [Applied to beer, when *t 
sours in fermenting.] 

t FOX'-€ ISE, n. The skin of a fox.— L' Estrange. 

FOX'-CHaSE, n. The pursuit of a fox with hounds. 

FOX'-E-VJL, n. A disease in which the hair falls off. 

FOX'-HOUND, n. A hound for chasing foxes. 

FOX'-HUNT, n. The chase or hunting of a fox. 

FOX'-HUNT-ER, n. One who hunts or pursues foxes wltn 
hounds. 

FOX'-HUNT-ING, n. The employment of hunting foxes. 

FOX'-HUNT-ING, a. Pertaining to or engaged in the hunt- 
ing of foxes. — Hill. 

FOX'-TRAP, n. A trap, or a gin or snare, to catch foxes. 

FOX£D (foxt), pp. or a. Turned sour in fermenting, as 
beer. — Booth. 

t FOX'ER-Y, n. Behavior like that of a fox. — Chancer. 

FOXGLOVE (-gluv), n. A handsome herb, digitalis pur 
purea, whose leaves are used as a powerful medicine, both 
sedative and diuretic. 

FOX'ISH, } 

FOX'-LlKE, > a. Resembling a fox in qualities ; cunning. 

FOX'LY, ) 

FOX'SHIP, n. The character or qualities of a fox ; cun- 
ning.— Shak. 

FOX'TaIL, n. A species of grass, the alopecurus. 

FOXY, a. 1. Pertaining to foxes ; wily ; [obs.] 2. An epi- 
thet applied to paintings, when the shadows and lower 
tones have too much of a yellowish, reddish-brown color 



See. Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c , short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK 



FRA 



427 



FRA 



)FOY,n. \li.foi.] Faith.— Spenser. 

FOY, n. [Teut. foey.] A feast given bj one who is about to 

leave a place. — England's Jests. 
FOY'SON. See Foison. 

FRa'CAS, n. [Ft.] An uproar ; a noisy quarrel ; a disturb- 
ance ; a brawl. 
t FRACT, v. t. To break.— Shak. 

FRA€'TION, n. [L. fractio ; Fr. fraction.'] 1. The act of 
breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence. 
— 2. In arithmetic and algebra, a broken part of an integral 
or integer ; any division of a whole number or unit. 
FRA€TION-AL, a. Belonging to a broken number ; com- 
prising a part or the parts of a unit. 
FRACTIOUS (frak'shus), a. Apt to break out into a pas- 
sion ; apt to quarrel. — Syn. Snappish ; peevish ; waspish ; 
cross ; quarrelsome. 
FRA€TIOUS-LY, adv. Passionately ; snappishly. 
FRA€TIOUS-NESS, n. A cross or snappish temper. 
FRACTURE (frakfyur), n. [L. fractura.) 1. A breach in 
any body, especially a breach caused by violence ; a rup- 
ture of a solid body. — 2. In surgery, the rupture or dis- 
ruption of a bone ; called simple when the bone is merely 
divided, compound when it is broken and the integuments 
are lacerated. — 3. In mineralogy, the manner in which a 
mineral breaks, and by which its texture is displayed. 
FRACTURE, v. t. To break ; to burst asunder ; to crack ; 

to separate continuous parts. 
FRACTURED (frakfyurd), pp. or a. Broken ; cracked. 
FRACTUR-ING, ppr. Breaking ; bursting asunder ; crack- 
ing. 
FRAG'lLE (fraj'il), a. [L. fragilis.] 1. Easily broken. 2. 
Liable to fail ; easily destroyed. Milton. — Syn. Brittle ; 
infirm ; weak ; frail. 
FRAg'iLE-LY, adv. In a fragile manner. 
FRA-GIL'I-TY, n. 1. Brittleness ; easiness to be broken. 
2. Weakness ; liableness to fail. 3. Frailty ; liableness to 
fault. 
FRAG'MENT, n. [L. fragmentum.] 1. A part broken off; 
a piece separated from any thing by breaking. 2. A part 
separated from the rest; an imperfect part. 3. A small 
detached portion. 
FRAG'MENT-A-RY, a. Composed of fragments. 
FRAGMENT-ED, a. Broken into fragments. 
FRa'GOR, n. [L.j 1. A loud and sxidden sound ; the report 
of any thing bursting ; a loud, harsh sound ; a crash. 2. A 
strong or sweet scent ; [obs.] 
FRa'GRANCE, } n. [L. fragrantia.] Sweetness of smell ; 
FRa'GRAN-CY, 5 that quality of bodies which affects the 
olfactory nerves with an agreeable sensation ; pleasing 
scent ; grateful odor. 
FRa'GRANT, a. Throwing out or diffusing an agreeable 
odor. — Syn. Sweet-smelling ; odorous ; odoriferous , 
sweet-scented ; redolent ; ambrosial ; balmy ; spicy ; aro- 
matic. 
FRa'GRANT-LY, adv. With sweet scent.— Mortimer. 
FRaIL, a. [Fr. frele ; It. frale.] 1. Weak ; infirm ; fragile ; 
liable to fail and decay ; subject to casualties ; easily de- 
stroyed ; perishable ; not firm or durable. 2. Weak in 
mind or resolution ; liable to error or deception. 3. Weak ; 
easily broken or overset. 
FRaIL, n. [Norm, fraile.] 1. A basket made of rushes, for 
holding figs or raisins. 2. A rush, for weaving baskets. 
3 A certain quantity of raisins, about 75 pounds. 
FRaIL'LY, adv. In a frail manner. 
FRaII/NESS, n. Weakness ; infirmity. 
FRaIL'TY, n. 1. Weakness of resolution ; liableness to be 
deceived or seduced. 2. Weakness of body. 3. Fault 
proceeding from weakness or instability. — Syn. Frailness ; 
infirmity ; imperfection ; failing ; foible. 
FRaIS'cHEUR (fra'shur), n. [Fr.] Freshness ; coolness.— 

Dryden. [Not English.] 
FRaISE, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a defense consisting of 
pointed stakes driven into the rampart in a horizontal or 
inclined position. 2. A pan-cake with bacon in it ; [obs.] 
FRa1S£D, a. Fortified with fraise. 
FRaMA-BLE, a. That may be framed. 
FRaME, v. t. [Sax. fremman.] 1. To fit or prepare and 
unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing ; 
to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various 
parts. 2. To fit one thing to another ; to adjust ; to make 
suitable. 3. To make , to compose, as laws. 4. To regu- 
late ; to adjust ; to shape ; to conform ; as, to frame con- 
duct aright. 5. To form and digest by thought, as ideas. 
6. To contrive ; to plan ; to devise, as a scheme. 7. To 
invent ; to fabricate ; to feign or forge ; [in a bad sense ;] 
as, to frame lies. 
i RIME, v. i. To contrive.— Judges, xii., 6. 
FRaME, n. 1. The timbers of an edifice fitted »nd joined 
in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the 
covering. 2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts 
united, as of an animal. 3. Any kind of case or structure 
made for admitting, inclosing, or supporting things. — 
4. Among printers, a stand to support the cases in which 



the types are distributed. — 5. Among founder?, a kind of 
ledge, inclosing a board, which, being filled with wet sand, 
serves as a mold for castings. 6. A sort of loom, on which 
linen, silk, &c, is stretched for quilting or embroidering. 
7. Order ; regularity ; adjusted series or composition of 
parts ; as, to be out of frame. 8. Form ; scheme ; struc- 
ture ; constitution ; system, as of government. 9. Con- 
trivance ; projection. — Shak. 10. Particular state, as of 
the mind. 11. Shape ; form ; proportion. Hudibras. — 
Lace-frame, a frame or machine for making lace. — Stock 
ing-frame, a loom or machine for making stockings. 
FRaME'-W6RK (-wurk), n. The frame; that which sup 

ports or incloses any thing else. 
FRa.iM.ED, pp. or a. Fitted and united in due form ; made , 

composed ; devised ; adjusted. 
FRaM'ER, n. One who frames ; a maker ; a contriver. 
FRaM'ING, ppr. Fitting and joining in due construction, 
making ; fabricating ; composing ; adjusting ; inventing , 
contriving. 
FRAMING, n. The act of constructing a frame ; the frame 

thus constructed. 
I FRAM'PoLD, a. Peevish ; cross ; vexatious. — Shak. 
FRANC, n. [Fr.] A silver coin of France, of the value ot 
eighteen cents and six mills, as established by a law of 
Congress in 1846. 
FRAN'CHlSE (fran'chiz), n. [Fr.J 1. A particular privilege 
or right granted by a prince or sovereign to an individual, 
or to a number of persons. 2. Exemption from a burden 
or duty to which others are subject. 3. The district or 
jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends ; the 
limits of an immunity. — Spenser. 4. An asylum or sanc- 
tuary, where persons are secure from arrest. 
FRAN'CHlSE, v. t. To make free.— Shak. ; [but enfranchise 

is more generally used. J 
FRAN'CHIS£D, pp. Made free. 

FRAN'CHISE-MENT (fran'chiz-ment), n. Release from bur- 
den or restriction ; freedom. — Spenser. 
FRAN'CHiS-ING, ppr. Making free. 
FRAN'CIC, a. Pertaining to the Franks or French. 
FRAN-CIS'CAN, a. Belonging to the order of St. Francis. 
FRAN-CIS'CAN, n. A monk of the order of St. Francis. 

They are called, also, Gray Friars and Friars Minor. 
FRAN'CO-LIN, n. A species of partridge in Europe and Asia. 
FRAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being frangi- 
ble. 
FRAN'Gl-BLE, a. [L. frango.] That may be broken ; brit- 
tle ; fragile ; easily broken. 
FRAN'Gl-PANE, n. [Fr.] A piece of pastry containing 

cream and almonds ; also, a perfume. — Smart. 
t FRAN'ION (fran'yun), n. A paramour, or a boon compan- 
ion. — Spenser. 
FRANK, a. [Fr. franc ; It, Sp. franco ; Ger. frank.] 1. Free 
in uttering real sentiments ; not reserved ; using no dis- 
guise. 2. Leading to the utterance of one's sentiments 
without reserve, as a disposition. 3. Liberal ; generous 
not niggardly; [rare.] 4. Free; without conditions ol 
compensation, as a gift. 5. Licentious ; unrestrained 
[obs.] — Syn. Ingenuous ; candid ; artless ; plain ; open 
unreserved ; undisguised ; sincere. 
FRANK, n. 1. A coin of France ; [see Franc] 2. A letter 
which is exempted from postage ; or the writing which 
renders it free. 3. A sty for swine ; [not used.] 
FRANK, n. 1. A name given by the Turks, Greeks, and 
Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of Eu- 
rope. 2. One of the Franks, a powerful German tribe, 
who conquered France. 
FRANK, v. t. 1. To exempt, as a letter from the charge of 
postage. 2. To shut up in a sty or frank ; [not used.] 
3. To feed high ; to cram ; to fatten ; [obs.] 
FRANK'-CHaSE, n. A liberty of free chase within the pre- 
cincts of a forest. 
FRANK-FEE, n. Freehold ; a holding of lands in fee sim 

pie. — Encyc. 
FRANK'-HEaRT'ED, a. Having a frank disposition. 
FRANK'-HEaRTED-NESS, n. The state of having a frank 

heart. 
FRANK'-LAW, n. Free or common law, or the benefit a 

person has by it. 
FRANK'-MAR'RIAdE, n. A tenure in tail special. 
FRANK'-PLEDgE (-plej), n. A pledge or surety given by 

the Saxon tythimrs for the good behavior of freemen. 
FRANK'-TEN'E-MENT, n. An estate of freeholi , the pos 

session of the soil by a freeman. 
FRANK-AL-MOIGNE' (frank-al-moin'), n. [frank, and Norm. 
almoignes.] Free alms ; in English law, a tenure by which 
a religious corporation hold lands to them and their suc- 
cessors forever, on condition of praying for the soul of the 
donor. 
FRANKjED (frankt), pp. or a. Exempted from postage. 
* FRANK-IN'CENSE or FRANK'IN-CENSE, n. [frank and 
incense.] A dry. resinous substance, in pieces' or drops, 
of a pale, yellowish-white color, of a bitterish, acrid taste, 
and very inflammable, used as a perfume. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FilE 



428 



FRE 



FRANK ING, ppr, or a. Exempting from postage. 

FRANKING, n. The act of exempting from postage. 
FRANK'ISH, a. Relating to the Franks.— Verstegan. 

\ FRANKLIN, n. An English freeholder.— Spenser. 

FRANK'LIN-lTE, n. A mineral containing iron, zinc, and 
manganese, named from Dr. Franklin. 

FRANKLY, adv. 1. Without reserve, constraint, or dis- 
guise. 2. Without hesitation. Luke, vii., 42. — Syn. Open- 
ly ; ingenuously ; plainly ; unreservedly ; undisguisedly ; 
sincerely ; candidly ; artlessly ; freely ; readily ; unhesi- 
tatingly ; liberally ; willingly. 

FRANKNESS, n. 1. Plainness of speech ; candor ; freedom 
in communication ; openness ; ingenuousness. 2. Fair- 
ness ; freedom from art or craft. 3. Liberality ; bounte- 
ousness ; [little used.] 

FRANTi€, a. [L. phreneticus.] 1. Mad; raving; furious; 
outrageous ; raging ; desperate ; wild and disorderly ; 
distracted. 2. Characterized by violence, fury, and dis- 
order ; noisy ; mad ; wild ; irregular ; turbulent. 

FRAN'TIG-LY, ? adv. Madly ; distractedly ; outrageous- 

FRAN'TI€-AL-LY, 5 ly. 

FRANTIC-NESS, n. Madness ; fury of passion ; distraction. 

FRAP, v. t. In seamen's language, to draw together by ropes 
crossing each other, with a view to secure and strengthen. 

FRAPP jED (frapt), pp. Crossed and drawn together. 

FRAP'PING, ppr. Crossing and drawing together. 

FRA-TER'NAL, a. [Fr. fraternel ;h.fraternus.] Brotherly: 
pertaining to brethren ; becoming brothers. 

FRA-TER'NAL-LY, adv. In a brotherly manner. 

FRA-TER'NI-TY, n. [L. fraternitas.] 1. The state or quality 
of a brother; brotherhood. 2. A body of men associa f < >l 
for their common interest, business, or pleasure ; a com- 
pany ; a brotherhood ; a society. 3. Men of the same 
class, profession, occupation, or character. 

FRAT-ER-NI-ZaTION, n. The act of associating and hold- 
ing fellowship as brethren. — Burke. 

FRA-TER'NiZE, v. i. To associate or hold fellowship, as 
brothers, or as men of like occupation or disposition. 

FRAT'ER-NlZ-ER, n. One who fraternizes.— Burke. 

FRAT'RI-Cl-DAL, a. Pertaining to fratricide. 

* FRAT'RI-ClDE, n. [L. fratricidium.] 1. The crime of 
murdering a brother. 2. One who murders a brother. 

FRAUD, n. [L. fraus.] Artifice by which the right or in- 
terest of another is injured. — Syn. Deceit ; guile ; subtlety ; 
craft ; wile ; sham ; strife ; circumvention ; stratagem ; 
deception; trick; imposition; cheat. 

FRAUD'FUL, a. 1. Deceitful in making bargains ; trickish ; 
treacherous. 2. Containing; fraud or deceit. 

FRAUD'FUL-LY, adv. Deceitfully ; with intention to de- 
ceive, and gain an undue advantage ; trickishly ; treach- 
erously ; by stratagem. 

FRAUD'LESS, a. Free from fraud. 

FRAUD'LESS-LY, adv. In a fraudless manner. 

FRAUD'LESS-NESS, n. State of being fraudless. 

FRAUD'U-LENCE, In. Deceitfulness ; trickishness in mak- 

FRAUD'U-LEN-CY, ) ing bargains, or in social concerns. 

FRAUD'U-LENT, a. 1. Practicing deceit in making con- 
tracts. 2. Containing fraud ; founded on fraud ; proceed- 
ing from fraud. 3. Obtained or performed by artifice ; as, 
fraudulent conquest. Milton. — Syn. Deceitful ; fraudful ; 
guileful ; crafty ; trickish ; wily ; cunning ; subtle ; de- 
ceiving ; cheating ; deceptive ; insidious ; treacherous ; 
dishonest ; designing ; unfair ; knavish. 

FRAUD'U-LENT-L Y, adv. By fraud ; by deceit ; by artifice 
or imposition. 

FRAUGHT (frawt), a. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] 1. Laden ; 
loaded ; charged ; freighted, as a vessel ; [poetic] 2. Fill- 
ed ; stored ; full ; as, fraught with disappointment. 

t FRAUGHT, n. A freight; a cargo.— Dryden. 

t FRAUGHT, v. t. To load ; to fill ; to crowd.— Shak. 

tFKAUGHTA6E, n. Loading; cargo.— Shak. 

v RaY, n. [Fr. fracas.] 1. A broil, quarrel, or violent riot, 
that puts men in fear ; an affray. 2. A combat ; a battle ; 
a fight; also, a. single combat or duel. 3. A contest; con- 
tention ; altercation ; feud. 4. A rub ; a fret or chafe in 
cloth ; a place injured by rubbing. 

* FRaY, v. t. To fright ; to terrify. — Spenser. 

FRIY, v. t. [Fr. frayer.] 1. To rub ; to fret, as cloth, by 
wearing. 2. To rub ; as, to fray away flies. — Butler. 

FRaYED, pp. Frightened ; rubbed ; worn. 

FRaYTNG, ppr. Frightening ; terrifying ; rubbing. 

FRaYTNG, n. Peel of a deer's horn. — Ben Jonson. 

FREAK, n. [Ice. freka.] 1. Literally, a sudden starting, or 
change of place. 2. A sudden, causeless change or turn of 
the mind ; a capricious prank. — Syn. Whim ; fancy ; ca- 
price ; frolic ; sport. 

FREAK, v. t. To variegate ; to checker. 

FReAKED (freekt), pp. Variegated; checkered. 

FReAK'ING, ppr. Variegating. 

FREAKISH, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly ; whim- 
sical ; capricious. — L' Estrange. 

FReAK'ISH-LY, adv. Capriciously; with sudden change 
of mind, without cause. 



FReAK'ISH-NESS, n. Capriciousness ; whimsicalness. 

FRECK'LE (frek'l), n. 1. A spot of a yellowish color in the 
skin. 2. Any small spot or discoloration. 

FRECK'LE, v. t. or i. To give or acquire freckles.— Smart. 

FRECKLE-FACED (frekl-faste), a. Having a face full ol 
freckles. 

FRECKL-ED (frekld), a. 1. Spotted ; having small, yellow- 
ish spots on the skin or surface. 2. Spotted, as a cowslip. 
— Shak. 

FRECK'LEJD-NESS, n. The state of being freckled. 

FRECK'LY, a. Full of freckles ; sprinkled with & P ot3 

FRED, Sax. frith, Dan. fred, Sw. frid, G. friede, p. vreecte, 
peace ; as in Frederic, dominion of peace, or rich in peace ; 
Winfred, victorious peace ; Fredstoie, a seat of peace, i. e., 
a sanctuary. 

FREE, a. [Sax. frig, freoh.] 1. Being at liberty ; not being 
under necessity or restraint, physical or moral. — 2. In gov- 
ernment, not enslaved ; not in a state of vassalage or de- 
pendence ; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent. 
3. Instituted by a free people ; not arbitrary or despotic, 
as government. 4. Not imprisoned, confined, or under ar- 
rest. 5. Unconstrained ; unrestrained ; not under compul- 
sion or control. 6. Not chemically combined ; at liberty 
to escape ; as, free carbonic acid gas. 7. Permitted ; al 
lowed ; open ; not appropriated ; as, a privilege free to all. 
8. Not obstructed, as a course or current. 9. Licentious ; 
unrestrained ; as, free remarks. 10. Open ; candid ; frank ; 
ingenuous ; unreserved ; as, a free talk. 11. Liberal in ex- 
penses ; not parsimonious ; generous ; munificent ; boun- 
tiful. 12. Gratuitous ; not gained by importunity or pur- 
chase, as a gift. 13. Clear of crime or offense ; guiltless ; 
innocent. — Lryden. 14. Not having feeling or suffering ; 
clear; exempt: with from ; as, free from envy. 15. Not 
encumbered with. 16. Open to all ; without restriction 
or without expense, as a school. 17. Invested with fran- 
chises ; enjoying certain immunities : with of. 18. Pos- 
sessing without vassalage or slavish conditions. — Drydeti. 
19. Liberated from the government or control of parents, 
or of a guardian or master. 20. Ready ; eager; not dull 
acting without spurring or whipping, as a horse. 21. Gen- 
teel ; char*,'i>7±s ; [not in use.] 

FREE, v. t. 1. To remove from a thing any encumbrance 
or obstruction ; to disengage from ; to rid ; to strip ; to 
clear. 2. To set at liberty; to rescue or release from 
slavery, captivity, or confinement; to deliver; to loose. 
3. To disentangle ; to disengage. 4. To exempt. 5. To 
manumit; to release from bondage ; to set free; to liberate; 
to affranchise. 6. To clear from water, as a ship by pump- 
ing. 7. To release from obligation or duty. — To free from, 
or free of, is to rid of, by removing in any manner. 

FREE-A'GEN-C Y, n. The state of acting freely, or without 
necessity or constraint of the will. 

FREE-BENCH', n. A widow's dower in a copyhold. 

FREE'-BORN, a. Born free ; not in vassalage ; inheriting 
liberty. 

FREE'-CHAP-EL, n. In England, a chapel founded by the 
king, and not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary. 

FREE'-CIT-Y, In. A name given to certain cities, prin- 

FREE'-TOWN, 5 cipally of Germany, which were really 
small republics, directly connected with the German Em- 
pire, and hence often called imperial cities. They were 
once numerous, but are now reduced to four, viz. : Frank- 
• fort, Hamburgh, Lubeck, and Bremen ; to which was also 
added Cracow, in Poland. — Encyc. Am. 

FREE'-COST, n. Without expense ; freedom from charg 
es.— South. 

FREE-DEN'I-ZEN (-den'e-zn), n. A citizen.— Jackson. 

FREE-DEN'I-ZEJN, v. t. [free and denizen.] To make free 
—Bp. Hall. 

FREE-FISH'ER-Y, n. A royal franchise or exclusive priv- 
ilege of fishing in a public river. 

t FREE'-FOOT-ED, a. Not restrained in marching. 

FREE'-HEaRT'ED (-harfed), a. [See Heart.] 1. Open, 
frank ; unreserved. 2. Liberal ; charitable ; generous. 

FREE'-HEaRT'ED-LY, adv. In a free-hearted manner. 

FREE'-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; openness of heart; 
liberality. — Burnet. 

FREE'-LIV-ER, n. One who eats and drinks abundantly. 

FREE'-LIV-ING, n. Full gratification of the appetite. 

FREE -MaR-TIN, n. One of the twins of a cow, apparently 
a female, but imperfect in some parts, and generally bar 
ren, produced when the other twin is a male. 

FREE'-PoRT, n. A name given to certain ports on the 
Continent of Europe, as Genoa, Leghorn, &c, where ships 
of all nations may load and unload free of duty ; but if the 
articles imported are carried into the adjoining country, 
they pay the ordinary duties at the gates or barriers. 
Diet, de I'Acad. — In the West Indies, a free-port is one where 
goods of all kinds may be landed from foreign ships, on 
payment of the ordinary duties. 

FREE'-SCHOOL, n. 1. A school supported by funds, &c v 
in which pupils are taught without paying for tuition. 9l 
A school open to admitpupils without restriction. 



-See Synopsis. A. E, I &c. long.— I, E, I, &c, shon— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



hRE 



429 



FRE 



FREE'-. c; PoK-i£N, a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. 

PREE'-STaTES, n. pi. Those states of the Union in which 
slavery has been abolished by law. 

FREE'-THINK-ER, n. A softer name for a deist ; an unbe- 
liever ; one who discards revelation. 

FREE'-THINK-ING, n. Undue boldness of speculation ; un- 
belief. 

FREE'-THINK-ING, a. Noting undue boldness of specula- 
tion; skeptical. , 

FREE-T6NGUED (-tungd), a. Speaking without reserve. 

FREE-WAR'REN, n. A royal franchise, or exclusive right, 
of killing beasts and f i wis of warren within certain limits. 

FREE-WILL', n. 1. The power of directing our own ac- 
tions, without restraint by necessity or fate. 2. Volunta- 
riness ; spontaneousness. 

FREE'-WILL, a. Spontaneous; as, a free-will offering. 

FREE'-WrLL-BAP'TIST, n. One belonging to a branch of 
the Baptist denomination, who hold to the freedom of the 
will in opposition to necessity. 

FREE'-WoM-AN, n. A woman not a slave. 

FREE'BOOT-ER, n. [D. vrybuiter ; G. freibeuter.] One 
who wanders about for plunder ; a robber ; a pillager ; a 
plunderer. 

FREE'BOOT-ING, n. Robbery ; plunder ; pillaging. 

FREED, pp. Set at liberty ; loosed ; delivered from re- 
straint ; cleared of hinderance or obstruction. 

FREED'MAN, n. A man who has been a slave and is manu- 
mitted. 

FREEDOM, n. 1. A state of exemption from the power or 
control of another ; liberty ; independence ; exemption 
from slavery, servitude, or confinement. 2. Particular 
privileges ; franchise ; immunity ; as, the freedom of a cor- 
poration. 3. Power of enjoying franchises. — Swift. 4. Ex- 
emption from fate, necessity, or any constraint, in conse- 
quence of predetermination or otherwise. 5. Any exemp- 
tion from constraint or control. 6. Ease or facility of do- 
ing any thing. 7. Frankness ; boldness. 8. License ; im- 
proper familiarity ; violation of the rules of decorum : 
with a plural. 

FREE'HoLD, n. That land or tenement which is held in 
fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. — In the United States, 
& freehold is an estate which a man holds in Ms own right, 
subject to no superior, nor to conditions. 

FREETToLD-ER n. One who owns an estate in fee-simple, 
fee-tail, or for life ; the possessor of a freehold. 

FREEING, ppr. Delivering from restraint ; releasing from 
confinement ; removing encumbrances or hinderances 
from any thing ; clearing. 

FREE'LY, adv. 1. At liberty ; without vassalage, slavery, or 
dependence. 2. Without restraint, constraint, or compul- 
sion. 3. In abundance. 4. Without scruple or reserve. 
5. Without impediment or hinderance. 6. Without ne- 
cessity, or compulsion from divine predetermination. 7. 
Without obstruction. 8. Without constraint or persua- 
sion. 9. With liberality. 10. Gratuitously ; of free will 
or grace, without purchase or consideration. — Syn. Inde- 
pendently; voluntarily; spontaneously; willingly; read- 
ily ; liberally ; generously ; bounteously ; munificently ; 
bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; 
plenteously. 

FREE'MAN, n. 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not 
subject to the will of another ; one not a slave or vassal. 
2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar 
privilege. 

FREE'Ma-S ON, n. One of an ancient and secret associa- 
tion or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of 
masons, or builders in stone, but now consisting of per- 
sons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual as- 
sistance. 

FREEMI'SON-RY (-ma'sn-re), n. That which belongs to 
the fraternity of free-masons. 

FREE'MlND-ED, a. Not perplexed ; free from care. 

FREE'NESS. n. 1. The state or quality of being free, un- 
constrained, unconfined, unencumbered, or unobstructed. 
2. Openness ; unreservedness ; frankness ; ingenuousness ; 
candor. 3. Liberality; generosity. 4. Gratuitousness. 

FRe'ER, n. One who gives freedom. 

FREE'SToNE, n. Any species of stone composed of sand 
or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought. 

FREEZE, v.l; pret. froze; ^.frozen, or froze. [Sax. frysan.] 
L. To be congealed by cold ; to be changed from a liquid 
to a solid state, by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened 
into ice or a kite solid body. 2. To be of that degree of 
cold at which water congeals. 3. To chill ; to stagnate, 
or to retire from the extreme vessels, as the blood. 4. To 
be chilled; to shiver with cold. 5. To die by means of 
cold ; as, to freeze to death. 

FREEZE, v. t. 1. To congeal ; to harden into ice ; to change 
from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat. 
2. To kill by cold. 3. To chill ; to give the sensation of 
cold and shivering; as, to freeze one's blood. 

FREEZE, in architecture. See Frieze. 

FREEZING, n. The process or state of congelation. 



FREEZTNG, ppr. Congealing ; hardening into ice. 

FREEZ'ING-MIX'TURE, n. A mixture of two or more 
substances, as of salt and snow, but usually of a solid and 
a fluid, which, in uniting, absorb heat from contiguous 
bodies, and thus produce intense cold. 

FREEZING-POINT, n. That point of a thermometer at 
which fluids begin to freeze ; applied particularly to wa 
ter, whose freezing-point is at 32° of Fahrenheit's ther- 
mometer. 

FREIGHT (frate), n. [D.vragt; G.fracht.] 1. The cargo, 
or any part of the cargo, of a ship ; lading ; load ; burden ; 
that which is carried by water. 2. Transportation of goods. 

3. The hire of a ship, or money charged or paid for the 
transportation of goods. — Freightage is but little used. 

FREIGHT (frate), v. t. 1. To load with goods, as a ship or 
vessel of any kind, for transporting them from one place 
to another. 2. To load, as the burden. 

FREIGHT'ED, pp. Loaded, as a ship or vessel. 

FREIGHTER (frafer), n. One who loads a ship, or one 
who charters and loads a ship. 

FE.EIGHTTNG, ppr. or a. Loading or carrying, as a ship or 
vessel. 

FREIGHTTESS (frateles). a. Destitute of freight 

FRElS'LE-BEN, n. A soft mineral, of a bluish color 

t FREN, n. A stranger. — Spenser. 

FRENCH, a. Pertaining to France, or its inhabitants. 

FRENCH, n. The language spoken by the people of France. 

FRENCH-BER'RY, n. The same as Avignon berry. 

FRENCH-CHALK' (-chawk'), n. A hardened talc, of 8 
pearly white or grayish color, used in drawing fines. 

FRENCH-HORN', n. A wind instrument of music, made 
of metal. 

FRENCHI-FlED, pp. or a. Made like the French.— Burke 

FRENCH'I-FY, v. t. To make French ; to infect with the 
manners of the French. — Camden. 

FRENCH'LlKE, a. Resembling the French.— Bp. Hall. 

FRENCHMAN, n. A man of the French nation. 

FRE-NET1C. See Frantic and Phrenetic. 

FRENZI-CAL, a. Partaking of frenzy. 

FRENZIED, part. a. Affected with madness. 

FREN'ZlED-LY, adv. In a frenzied manner. 

FRENZY, n. [Fr. frenesie ; L. phrenitis.] Madness; dis- 
traction ; franticness ; rage ; or any violent agitation of the 
mind, approaching to distraction. 

FRE'QUENCE, n. [Fr. ; ~L. frequ-entia.] A crowd; a throng; 
a concourse ; an assembly. — Milton. [Little used.] 

FRe'O.UEN-CY, n. 1. A return or occurrence of a thing 
often repeated at short intervals. 2. A crowd ; a throng 
[obs.] 

FRe'QUENT, a. [Fr. ; L.frequens.] 1. Often seen or done ; 
often happening at short intervals ; often repeated or oc 
curring. 2. Used often to practice any thing. 3. Full ; 
crowded ; thronged ; [obs.] 

FRE-QUENT', v. t.~ [L. frequento.] To visit often; to resort 
to often or habitually. 

t FRE-QUENTA-BLE. a. Accessible.— Sidney. 

FRE-QUENT'AgE, n. The practice of frequenting.— Southey. 

FRE-QUENT-i'TION, n. 1. The act of frequenting. 2. The 
habit of visiting often. 

FRE-QUENT'A-TIVE, a. [It. frequentative.] In grammar, 
denoting the frequent repetition of an action. 

FRE-QJJENTA-TfVE, n. A verb which denotes the fre- 
quent occurrence or repetition of an action. 

FRE-QUENTED, pp. or a. Often visited. 

FRE-QUENT'ER, u. One who often visits, or resorts to 
customarilv. 

FRE-QJJENTTNG, ppr. Visiting often. 

FRe'QUENT-LY, adv. Often ; oft ; ofttimes ; oftentimes ; 
many times ; at short intervals ; commonly. 

FRe'QUENT-NESS, n. The quality of being frequent, or 
often repeated. 

FRE RE ((rare), n. [Fr.] A brother. 

FRES'CaDES, n. pi. Cool walks : shady places. 

FRES'CO, n. [It. fresco.] 1. Coolness ; shade ; a cool, re- 
freshing state of the air ; duskiness.— Prior. 2. A picture 
not drawn in glaring light, but in dusk.— Pope. 3. A meth- 
od of painting on walls, performed with water-colors on 
fresh plaster,~or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry 

4. A cool, refreshing liquor. 

FRESH, a. [Sax. fersc.]. 1. Moving with celerity; some- 
what vehement, as a breeze. 2. Having the color and ap- 
pearance of young, thrifty plants ; not impaired or faded. 
3. Having the appearance of a healthy youth ; as, afresh 
complexion. 4. Recently grown, as vegetables. 5. Re- 
cently made or obtained, as a supply of merchandise. 6. 
Not impaired by time; not forgotten or obliterated. 7. 
Not salt 8. Recently from the well or spring ; pure and 
cool ; not warm or vapid. 9. In a state like that of recent 
growth, or recentness ; as, to keep fruit fresh. 10. Re- 
paired from loss or diminution ; having new vigor ; as, to 
awake fresh. 11. That has lately come or arrived, as 
news. 12. Sweet ; in a good state ; not stale. 13. Notb«; 
fore employed ; as, a fresh hand at any business.— Fresh 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FRE 



430 



FHI 



way, the increased velocity of a vessel. Tott.en. — Syn. Brisk ; 

strong ; vigorous ; lively ; unimpaired ; unfaded ; florid ; 

ruddy , new ; novel ; recent ; rare ; unpracticed ; anac- 

customed ; unused ; inexperienced. 
FRESH, n. A freshet. — Beverly, Hist. Virginia. 
FRESH'-BLoWN, a. Newly blown. 

FRESH'-FoP^CE, n. In law, a force done within forty days. 
FRESH-LOOK-1NG, a. Appearing fresh. 
FRESH'- WA-TER, a. 1. Accustomed to sail on freshwater 

only, or in the coasting-trade. 2. Raw ; unskilled. 
FRESH'-WA-TEILED, a. Newly watered ; supplied with 

fresh water. 
FRESHEN (fresh'n), v. t. 1. To make fresh; to dulcify; 

to separate, as water from saline particles ; to take saltness 

from any thing. 2. To refresh ; to revive; [not used.] — 3. 

In seamen's language, to apply new service to a cable. 
FRESH'-EN, v. i. 1. To grow fresh ; to lose salt or saltness. 

2. To grow brisk or strong. 

FRESHEN -ED, pp. Deprived of saltness ; sweetened. 

FRESH.EN-ING, ppr. or a. Making or growing fresh. 

FRESHES, n. pi. 1. The mingling of fresh water with salt 
water in rivers or bays. — Beverly. 2. A flood; an over- 
flowing ; an inundation ; a freshet. 

FRESHET, n. 1. A flood or overflowing of a river, by 
means of heavy rains or melted snow ; an inundation ; 
[New England.] 2. A stream of fresh water. — Browne. 

FRESH'LY, adv. 1. Newly ; in the former state renewed ; 
in a new or fresh state. 2. With a healthy look ; ruddily. 

3. Briskly; stiongly. 4. Coolly. 

FRESHMAN, n. ; pi. Freshmen. 1. A novice ; one in the 
rudiments of knowledge. — 2. In England, a student dur- 
ing his first year's residence at the University. — In Amer- 
ica, one who belongs to the youngest of the four classes 
in college, called the freshman class. 

FRESH'MAN, a. Pertaining to a freshman, or to the class 
called freshmen. 

FRESHMAN-SHIP, «. The state of a freshman. 

f FRESHMENT, n. Refreshment.— Cartwrigkt. 

FRESHNESS, n. 1. Newness; vigor; spirit; the contrary 
to vapidness. 2. Vigor ; liveliness ; the contrary to a faded 
state. 3. Newness of strength ; renewed vigor ; opposed 
to weariness or fatigue. 4. Coolness ; invigorating quali- 
ty or state. 5. Color of youth and health ; ruddiness. 6. 
Freedom from saltness. 7. A new or recent state or qual- 
ity ; rawness. 8. Briskness, as of wind. 

tFRESH'NEW (-nu), a. Unpracticed.—^^. 

FRET, v. t. [Sw. frata.] 1. To rub ; to wear away a sub- 
stance by friction. 2. To corrode ; to gnaw ; to eat away. 

3. To impair; to wear away. — Sliak. 4. To form into 
raised work. 5. To variegate ; to diversify. — Shak. 6. To 
agitate violently. — Shak. 7. To agitate ; to disturb ; to 
make rough ; to cause to ripple. 8. To tease ; to irritate ; 
to vex ; to make angry. 9. To wear away ; to chafe ; to 
gall. 

FRET, v. i. 1. To be worn away ; to be corroded. 2. To 
eat or wear in ; to make way by attrition or corrosion. — 
Wiseman. 3. To be agitated ; to be in violent commotion. 

4. To be vexed ; to be chafed or irritated ; to be angry ; 
to utter peevish expressions. 

FRET, n. 1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid ; a rip- 
pling on the surface of water ; small undulations continu- 
ally repeated. 2. Agitation of mind ; commotion of tem- 
per ; irritation ; vexation ; ill humor. 3. A short piece of 
wire fixed on the finger-board of a guitar, <fcc, which, be- 
ing pressed against the strings, varies the tone. Busby. — 
4. In architecture, an ornament consisting of small fillets 
intersecting each other at right angles. — 5. In heraldry, a 
bearing composed of bars crossed and interlaced. 

FRET, v. t. To furnish with frets.— As. Res. 

FRET, n. [L. /return.] A frith, which see. 

t FRET, a. Eaten away. — Lev., xiii. 

FRET'FUL, a. Disposed to fret ; in a state of vexation. — 
Syn. Peevish ; ill-humored ; ill-natured ; irritable ; wasp- 
ish : captious ; petulant ; splenetic ; spleeny ; passionate ; 
angry. 

FRET'FUL-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily. 

FRET'FUL-NESS, n. Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition 
to fret and complain. 

FRETT, n. With miners, the worn side of the bank of a 
river. — Encyc. 

FRET'TED, pp. or a. Eaten ; corroded ; rubbed or worn 
away ; agitated ; vexed ; made rough on the surface ; va- 
riegated ; ornamented with fretwork ; furnished with frets. 

FRET'TJSN, a. Rubbed ; marked ; as, pock-frettcn, marked 
with the small-pox. 

FRFTTER, n. That which frets. 

FR1 T'TING, ppr. or a. Corroding ; wearing away ; agitat- 
ing; vexing; making rough on the surface ; variegating. 

FRETTING, n. A state of chafing; vexation; peevish- 
ness. 

FRET'TY, a. Adorned with fretwork. 

FReTUM, n. [L.] A strait or arm of the sea.— Ray. 

FRETW6RK, n. Raised work ; work adorned with frets. 



FRI-A -BILT-TY, 1 n. The quality of being easily broken 

FRl'A-BLE-NESS, 3 crumbled, and reduced to powder. 

FRlA-BLE, a. [Fr. friable ; L. friabilis.] Easily crumbled 
or pulverized ; easily reduced to powder. 

FRl'AR, n. [Fr. frere.] 1. An appellation common to the 
monks of all orders. — Friars are generally distinguished 
into four principal branches ; a brother or member of any 
religious order, but especially of one of the four mendi- 
cant orders, viz. : (1.) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans , 
(2.) Augustines ; (3.) Dominicans, or Black Friars ; (4.) 
White Friars, or Carmelites. — 2. In a restricted sense, a 
monk who is not a priest. — 3. In printing, any part ot a 
page which has not received the ink. 

FRl'AR-LlKE, a. Like a friar ; monastic ; unskilled in the 
world — Knolles. 

FRl'AR'S-COWL, n. A plant, a species of arum, with a 
flower resembling a cowl. 

FRl'AR'S-LAN'TERN, n. The ignus fatuus.— Milton. 

FRi'AR-LY, a. Like a friar; untaught in the affairs of life. 

FRl'AR- Y, n. A monastery ; a convent of friars. 

FRl'AR- Y, a. Like a friar ; pertaining to friars. 

FRl-A'TION, n. The act of crumbling. 

FRD3'BLE, a. [L.frivolus ; Fr.frivole.] Frivolous; trifling, 
silly. — Brit. Crit. 

FRIB'BLE, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow . 

FRIB'BLE, v. i. To trifle ; also, to totter.— Tatter. 

FRIB'BLER, n. A trifier.— Spectator. 

FRl'BoRG, > n. [free and burg.] The same as frank- 

FRID'BURGH, 5 pledge.- Cowel. 

t FRICACE, n. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce ; 
also, an unguent prepared by frying things together. 

FRWAN-DEAU (frik'an-do). [Fr.] A fricassee of veal. 
Cooley. 

FRIC-AS-SEE', n, [Fr.] A dish or stew of food made by cut 
ting chickens, rabbits, or other small animals into pieces, 
and dressing them in a frying-pan, or a like utensil. 

FRIC-AS-SEE', v. t. To dress in fricassee. 

FRIC-AS-SEED', pp. or a. Dressed in fricassee. 

FRICAS-SEE'ING, ppr. Dressing in fricassee. 

FRI-€a'TION, n. [L. fricatio.] The act of rubbing; friction 
— Bacon. [Little used.] 

FRICTION, n. [L. frictio ; Fr. friction.] 1. The act of rub 
bing the surface of one body against that of another ; attri- 
tion. — 2. In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resist- 
ance which a moving body meets with from the surface 
on which it moves. — 3. In medicine, the rubbing of the 
body with the hand, or with a brush, flannel, &c. 

FRICTION- WHEELS, n. pi. In mechanics, wheels so ar- 
ranged as to diminish the friction of machinery. 

FRICTION-LESS, a. Having no friction. 

FRl'DAY, n. [Sax. frig-dag ; G. freitag ; from Frigga, the 
Venus of the north.] The sixth day of the week, former 
ly consecrated to Frigga. 

f FRIDGE, v. t. [Sax. frician.] To move hastily. 

FRID'-SToLE. See Fred. 

FRI.ED, pp. or a. Dressed in a frying-pan ; heated ; agitated 

FRIeND (frend), n. [Sax. freond.] 1. One who is attached 
to another by affection ; opposed to foe or enemy. 2. One 
not hostile. — Shak. 3. One reconciled after enmity. 4. 
An attendant ; a companion. — Dry den. 5. A favorer ; one 
who is propitious. 6. A favorite. 7. A term of salutation ; 
a familiar compellation. 8. Formerly, a paramour. 9. One 
of the religious sect frequently called Quakers. — 10. A 
friend at court, one who has sufficient interest to serve an- 
other. 

FRIeND (frend), v. t. To favor ; to countenance ; to be- 
friend ; to_ support or aid. [We now use befriend.] 

FPJeND'-LiKE (frend'-like), a. Having the dispositions of a 
friend. 

FRIeND'ED (frend'ed), pp. 1. Favored ; befriended. 2. a 
Inclined to love ; well disposed. — Shak. 

FRIENDING (trending), ppr. Favoring. 

FRIeND'LESS (trendies), a. Destitute of friends ; want- 
ing countenance or support ; forlorn. — Pope. 

FRIeND'LI-NESS (frendle-nes), n. 1. A disposition to 
friendship ; friendly disposition. 2. Exertion of benevo 
lence or kindness. 

FRIeND'LY (frendly), a. 1. Having the temper and dispo- 
sition of a friend ; kind ; favorable ; benevolent ; disposed 
to promote the good of another. 2. Disposed to peace. 
3. Amicable ; social ; neighborly. 4. Not hostile. 5. Fa- 
vorable ; propitious ; salutary ; promoting the good of ; 
as, a friendly light. 

FRIeND'LY (frendly), adv. In the manner of friends ; am 
icaoly. — Shak. [Not much used.] 

FRIeND'SHIP (frend'ship), n. 1. An attachment to a per 
son, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a recip 
rocation of kind offices, or from a favorable opinion of tha 
amiable and respectable qualities of his mind. Friendship 
diners from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in 
general, and from that love which springs from animal ap- 
petite. 2. Mutual attachment • intimacy. 3. Favor ; per- 
sonal kindness. — Swift. 4. FrioK.dly aid ; help; assistance. 



* Set Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X. £, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MJJdt*'£, BiRD .— MoVE, BGs)X, 



FRI 



431 



FftO 



—Shak. 5. Conformity ; affinity ; correspondence ; apt- 
ness to unite ; [rare.] 

FRIEZE Ufreez), n. [Sp. frisa.] 1. Properly, the nap on 

FRIZE > woolen cloth ; hence, a kind of coarse woolen 
cloth or stutf, with a nap on one side. — 2. In architecture, 
that part of the entablature of a column which is between 
the architrave and cornice, often ornamented 

FRIeZE'-LIKE, a. Resembling frieze.— Addison. 

FRIeZED. a. Napped ; shaggy with nap or frieze. 

FRIG'ATE, n. [FT.fregate.] 1. A ship of war having two 
batteries, viz., on the spar-deck and the main-deck, and 
rating usually from twenty-eight guns up to forty-four. 
2. Any small vessel on the water ; [obs.] 

FRIGATE-BIRD, n. A large and rapacious tropical sea- 
fowl, with very long wines, allied to the pelican. 

FRIGATE-BUILT (-bilf), a. Built like a frigate, i. e., having 
a spar-deck above the gun-deck. 

FRIG-A-TOON', n. A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, 
and having only a main-mast and mizzen-mast. 

FRIG-E-F ACTION, n. [L. frigus and facio.] The act of 
making cold. — Diet. [Little used.] 

FRIGHT (frite), n. [Dan. frygt ; Sax. fyrhto.] Sudden and 
violent fear ; a passion excited by the sudden appearance 
of danger. — Syn. Affright; alarm; terror; consternation; 
dismay. 

FRIGHT, Iv.t. To alarm suddenly with danger; to 

FRlGHTFJN, 3 shock suddenly with the approach of evil. 
— Syn. To affright ; terrify ; scare ; dismay ; daunt ; in- 
timidate. 

FRIGHT'ED, \pp. or a. Terrified; suddenly alarmed 

FRlGHT'£N£D, 3 with danger. 

FRlGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Terrifying ; suddenly alarming. 

FRIGHTFUL, a. Exciting alarm; impressing terror. — 
Syn. Terrible ; dreadful ; alarming ; fearful ; terrific ; aw- 
ful ; horrid ; horrible ; shocking. 

FRlGHT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Terribly; dreadfully; in a man- 
ner to impress terror and alarm ; horribly. 2. Very disa- 
greeably ; shockingly. 

FRlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of impressing terror. 

FRIGHT'LESS, a. Free from fright. 

FRlG'ID, a. [h.frigidus.] 1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth. 
2. Wanting warmth of affection ; unfeeling. 3. Wanting 
natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative 
power ; impotent. 4. Dull ; jejune ; unanimated ; want- 
ing the fire of genius or fancy ; as, frigid verse. 5. Stiff; 
formal ; forbidding, as a look. 6. Wanting zeal ; dull ; 
formal ; lifeless ; as, frigid devotions. 

FRlG'ID ZoNE. The part of the earth between the polar cir- 
cle and the pole. 

FRI-GID'I-TY, n. 1. Coldness; want of warmth. 2. Want 
of natural heat, life, and vigor of body ; impotency ; im- 
becility. 3. Coldness of affection. 4. Dullness ; want of 
animation or intellectual fire. 

FRlG'ID-LY, adv. Coldly ; dully ; without affection. 

FRIG'ID-NESS, n. Coldness ; dullness ; want of heat or 
vigor ; want of affection. See Frigidity. 

FRIG-O-RIF'IC, a. [Ft. frigorifique.] Causing cold ; pro- 
ducing or generating cold. — Quincy. 

FRILL, n. An edging of fine linen, on the bosom of a shirt 
or other similar thing ; a ruffle. 

FRILL, v. i. [Ft. frileuz.] To shake ; to quake ; to shiver 
as with cold. 

f FRIM, a. [Sax. freom.] Flourishing. — Drayton. 

FRINGE (frinj), n. [Ft. f range.] 1. An ornamental append- 
age to the borders of garments or furniture, consisting of 
loose threads. 2. Something resembling fringe ; an open, 
broken border. 

FRINGE, v. t. To adorn or border with fringe or a loose 
edging. 

FRINGE'-LlKE, a. Resembling fringe. 

FRINGE'-MaK'ER, n. One who makes fringe. 

FRINgE'-TREE, n. A small tree of the Southern United 
States, having snow-white flowers, which hang down like 
fringe. — Farm. Encyc. 

FRINGED (frinjd), pp. or a. Bordered with fringe. 

FRINgE'LESS, a. Having no fringe. 

FRIN-gIL-La'CEOUS, a. [L.fringilla.] Pertaining to the 
finches or fringillada. 

FRINGING, ppr. Bordering with fringe. 

FRING'Y, a. Adorned with fringes.— Shak. 

FRIPTER, n. [FT.frippier.] A dealer in old things ; a brok- 
er. — James. 

FRIP'PER-ER n. One who deals in old clothes. 

FRIPTER- Y, n. [Ft. friperie.] 1. Old clothes ; cast dress- 
es ; clothes thrown aside, after wearing. Hence, waste 
matter ; useless things ; trifles. 2. The place where old 
clothes are sold. 3. The trade or traffic in old clothes. 

FBIP'PER-Y, a. Trifling ; contemptible.— Gray. 

FRl-SEuR' (fre-zuri), n. [Ft.] A hair-dresser.— Warton. 

FRISK, v. i. [Dan. frisk] 1 To leap ; to skip; to spring 
suddenly one way and the other. 2. To dance, skip, and 
gambol in frolic and gayety. 

FRISK, a. Lively ; bnsk ; blithe.— Hall. 



FRISK, n. A frulic ; a fit of wanton gayety. 
t FPJSK'AL. n. A Lap or caper. — Ben Jonson. 
FRISK'EPl, n. One who leaps or dances in gayety ; t wan 

ton ; an inconstant or unsettled person. 
FRISK'ET, n. [Ft. frisquette.] In printing, the light lrama 

by which a sheet of paper is confined to the tympan to bo 

laid on the form for impression. 
FRISK'FUL, a. Brisk ; lively. — Thomson. 
FRISK'I-LY, adv. In a frisky manner. 
FRISK'I-NESS, n. Briskness and frequency of motion , 

gayety ; liveliness ; a dancing or leaping in frolic. 
FRISKING, ppr. Leaping; skipping; dancing about; mov- 
ing with life and gayety. 
FRISKT, a. Jumping with gayety ; gay ; frolicsome , 

lively. 
FRIT, n. [FT.ffitte.] In the manufacture of glass, the mat- 
ter of which glass is made, after it has been calcined or 

baked in a furnace, but before fusion. 
FRITH, n. [L. fretum.] 1. A narrow passage of the sea ; a 

strait. [It is used for the opening of a river into the sea.] 

2. A kind of weir for catching fish. 
FRITH, n. [W. frith, or friz.] 1. A forest; a woody place. 

2. A small field taken out of a common. 
t FRITH'Y, a. Woody. -Skelton. 
FRIT'IL-LA-RY, n. [L. fritillus.] The crown imperial, a 

bulbous flowering plant, allied to the tulip and lily, 
t FRIT'I-NAN-CY, n. [L.fritmnio.] A chirping or creaking, 

as of a cricket. — Brown. 
FRITTER, n. [It. friuella.] 1. A pancake of fried batter -, 

also, a small piece of meat Med. 2. A fragment ; a shred ; 

a small piece. 
FRITTER, v. t. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried. 

2. To break into small pieces or fragments. — To fritter 

away, is to diminish ; to take away or waste by degrees. 
FRITTERED, pp. Cut or broken to pieces. 
FRITTER-ING, ppr. Cutting or breaking into small pieces. 
FRI-VOL'I-TY, n. Acts or habits of trifling. 
FRIV'O-LOUS, a. [L. frivolus.] Of little weight, worth, or 

importance; not worth not'ee. — Syn. Trifling; trivial; 

slight ; unimportant ; petty ; worthless. 
FRIV'O-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being trifling, or of 

very little worth or importance ; want of consequence. 
FRIV'O-LOUS-LY, adv. In a trifling manner. 
FRIZ, v. t. [Sp. frisar.] 1. To curl ; to crisp ; to form into 

small curls with a crisping-pin. 2. To form the nap of 

cloth into little hard burs, prominences, or knobs. 
FRIZZ-ED, pp. or a. Curled ; formed into little burs on cloth. 
FRIZ'ZING,j>p\ Curling; forming little hard burs on cloth. 
FRIZ'ZLE, v. t. To curl ; to crisp ; as hair. — Gay. 
FRIZ'ZL£D (frizld). pp. or a. Curled ; crisped. 
FRIZ'ZLER, n. One who makes short curls. 
FRIZ'ZLING, ppr. Curling ; crisping. 
FRO, adv. [Sax./ra.] From; away; back or backward; 

as in the phrase to said fro. 
FROCK, n. [Fr./7-oc] An upper coat, or an outer garment. 

[The word is now used for a loose garment or shirt, worn 

by men over their other clothes, and for a kind of gown 

open behind, worn by females.] 
FROCK'-CoAT, n. A kind of strait-bodied coat, having the 

same length before and behind, like a surtout, but shorter 
FRO€K£D (frockt), a. Clothed in a frock. 
FROCKTESS, a. Destitute of a frock. 
FROG, n. [Sax. froga.] 1. A common amphibious animal, 

remarkable for its activity in swimming and leaping. — 2. 

In farriery, a sort of tender horn that grows in the middle 

of the sole of a horse's foot 3. A cloak button, swelled 

in the middle. 
FROG'-FISH, n. The fishing-frog, which see. 
FROG'-GRaSS, n. A plant. 
FROG'-KOP-PER, n. A small insect living on plants, and 

remarkable for its leaping. Its larvae are found on leaves 

inclosed in a frothy liquid, and hence called cuckoo-spittU 

or frog-spittle. 
FROG'BIT, n. A plant, the hydrocharis. 
FROG'GY, a. Having frogs.— Sherwood. 
FROISE, n. [Ft. froisser.] A kind of food made by frying 

bacon inclosed in a pancake. — Todd. 
FROLIC, I a. [G. frOhlich.] Gay ; merr3 ; full of levity ; 
FROL'ICK, 3 dancing, playing, or frisking about ; full of 

pranks. [Poetic] 
FROLIC, In. LA wild prank ; a flight of levity, or gay- 
FROL'ICK, 3 ety and mirth ; a gambol ; a freak. 2. A 

scene of gayety and mirth, as in dancing or play. 
FROL'IC, I v. i. To play wild pranks ; to play tricks ot 
FROL'ICK, S levity, mirth, and gayet}\ 
FROLICKED (frol'ikt), pret. of Feolic. 
FROL'IC-FUL, a. Frolicsome. 

FROLTCK-i'NG, ppr. or a. Playing pranks ; frolicsome. 
t FROL'IC-L Y, adv. With mirth and gayety.— Beanm. and Fl 
t FROL'IC-NESS, n. Pranks ; wildness of gayety ; frolic 

someness. 
FROL'I€-S6ME, a. Full of gayety and mirth ; given xa 

pranks. 



DO VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— € as K. ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



FRO 



432 



FEO 



FROLT9 SuME-LY, adv. With wild gs ?ety. 

FROL'IC-SoME-NESS. n.- Gayety ; wi! J pranks. 

FROM, prep. [Sax. fram ; Goth, fram.] The sense of /row 
may be expressed by the noun distai ce, or by the adjec- 
tive distant, or by the participle depa? ting, removing to a 
distance. — The sense of from is literal or figurative, but it 
is uniformly the same. — In certain pirases, generally or 
always elliptical, from is followed by certain adverbs, de- 
noting place, region, or position, ind ifinitely, no precise 
point being expressed ; as, From above , from the upper re- 
gions ; From after, from a distance ; From beneath, from a 
place or region below ; From below, from a lower place ; 
From behind, from a place or position in the rear ; From 
far, from a distant place ; From high, from on high, from 
a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven ; From 
hence, from this place : but from is superfluous before 
hence ; From thence, from that place, from being superflu- 
ous ; From whence, from which place, from being superflu- 
ous ; From where, from which place ; From within, from 
the interior or inside ; From without, from the outside, 
from abroad. — From precedes another preposition, follow- 
ed by its proper object or case ; as, From amid, From 
among, From, beneath, From beyond. 

FROM'WARD, adv. { Sax. fram and weard.] Away from ; 
the contrary of toward. 

FROND, n. [L.frons.] In botany, a term applied to the 
stem of certain plants, as the ferns, whose stalk and leaves 
are so intimately connected, that it is difficult to determine 
where the one ends and the other begins. 

FRON-Da'TION, n. A lopping of trees.— Evelyn. 

FRON-DESCE' (fron-dess'), v. i. To unfold leaves, as plants. 

FRON-DES'CENCE, n. [L. frondesco.] In botany, the pre- 
cise time of the year and month in which each species of 
plants unfolds its leaves. 

FRON-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frons and fero.] Producing 
fronds. 

FROND'OUS, a. A frondous flower is one which i3 leafy. 

* FR6NT (frunt), n. [L.frons, frontis ; Yr. front.] 1, Prop- 

erly, the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes ; 
hence, the whole face. 2. The forehead or face, as ex- 
pressive of the temper or disposition ; as, an impudent 
front. 3. The fore-part of any thing. 4. The fore-part or 
van of an army or a body of troops. 5. The part or place 
before the face, or opposed to it, or to the fore-part of a 
thing. 6. The most conspicuous part or particular. 7. 
Impudence ; as, men of front. 

FR6NT (frunt), v. t. 1. To oppose face to face ; to oppose 
directly. — Dryden. 2. To stand opposed or opposite, or 
over against any thing. 

FR6NT, v. i. 1. To stand foremost— Shah. 2. To have the 
face or front toward any point of compass. 

FRONT-BOX, n. The box in a play-house before the rest. 

FRONT-ROOM, n. A room or apartment in the fore-part 
of a house. 

FR0NTA6E (frunt'aje), n. The front part of an edifice or 
lot. 

FRONTAL, a. • Belonging to the forehead. 

FRONTAL, n. [L.frontale; Fr. frontal] 1. In medicine, a 
medicament or preparation to be applied to the forehead. 
— 2. In architecture, a little pediment or front piece, over a 
small door or window. — 3. In Jewish ceremonies, a frontal 
or brow-band consisting of four pieces of vellum, laid on 
leather, and tied round the forehead in the synagogue ; 
each piece containing some text of Scripture. 

FRONTa-TED, a. [L.frons.] Growing broader and broad- 
er, as a leaf. 

FR6NTED_(frunfed), a. Formed with a front.— Milton. 

* FRONTIER' (front-eer 7 ), n. [Yr.frontiere.] The marches ; 

the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, border- 
ing on another country. 

* FRONTIER', a. Lying on the exterior part ; bordering ; 

conterminous. 

FRONT-IE RED' (front-eerd'), a. Guarded on the frontiers. 

FRONTING, ppr. 1. Opposing face to face. 2. a. Standing 
with the front toward, front to front, or opposite. 

FRON-TIN-IAC ? (fr on- tin-yak'), n. A species of French 

FRON-TIG-NAC > wine, named from Frontignac, the 
place in Languedoc where it is produced. 

FRONTTS-PlECE, n. [L. frontispicium.] 1. In architecture, 
the principal face of a building ; the face that directly pre- 
sents itself to the eye. 2. An ornamental figure or engrav- 
ing fronting the first page of a book, or at the beginning. 

FRONTLESS (frunfles), a. Wanting shame or modesty ; 
not diffident. — Dryden. 

FR6NTLET, n. 1. A fillet or band worn on the forehead. 
Hence Shakspeare uses it for a frowning brow.— 2. In or- 
nithology, the margin of the head behind the bill of birds, 
generally clothed with rigid bristles. — Brande. 

* FROP'PISH, a. Peevish : froward.— Clarendon. 

f FRoRE, a. [G. fror, gefroren.] Frozen ; frosty.— Milton. 
! FRoR-NE, a. Frozen. — Spenser. 
FRo'RY, a. 1. Frozen. — Spenser. 2. Covered with a froth 
resembling hoar-frost. — Fairfax. 



FROST (frost or fraust), n. [Sax., G, Sw., Dan. frost.] I. 
Frozen dew ; also called hoar-frost, or white frost. 2. 'The 
act of freezing ; [applied particularly to water.] 3. That 
state or temperature of the air which occasions freezing 
or the congelation of water. 4. The appearance of plants 
sparkling with icy crystals. — Black frost, which is much 
more destructive to vegetables than white frost, occurs 
when plants are frozen without any deposition of moisture 
upon them. Strictly speaking, no frost is then formed. — 
Olmsted. 

FROST (frost or fraust), v. t. 1. In cookery, to cover or 
sprinkle with a composition of sugar resembling hoar- 
frost. 2. To cover with any thing resembling hoar-frost. 

FROST-BIT-TJSN, a. Nipped, withered, or affected by 
frost. 

FROST-BOUND, a. Bound or confined by frost. 

FROST-NaIL, 72. A nail driven into a horse-shoe, to pre 
vent the horse from slipping on ice. 

FROST-NIPPED (-nipt), a. Nipped by frost.— Bowring. 

FROST-NUMBED, a. Made numb by frost.— Coleridge. 

FROST-W6RK, n. Work resembling hoar-frost on shruba 

FROSTED, pp. or a. Covered with a composition like 
white frost ; covered with any thing resembling hoar- 
frost in color or form. 

FROSTI-LY, adv. 1. With frost or excessive cold. 2. 
Without warmth of affection ; coldly. 

FROSTI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being frosty ; 
freezing cold. 

FROSTING, ppr. Covering with something resembling 
hoar-frost. 

FROSTING, n. The composition resembling hoar-frost, 
used to cover cake, &c. 

FROSTLESS, a. Free from frost.— Swift. 

FROSTY, a. 1. Producing frost ; having power to congea> 
water. 2. Containing frost. 3. Chill in affection ; with- 
out warmth of affection or courage. 4. Resembling hoar- 
frost ; white ; gray-haired. 

FROTH (froth or frauth), n. [Gr. a(ppog ; Sw. fradga.] 1. 
Spume ; foam ; the bubbles caused in liquors by fermenta- 
tion or agitation. 2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or 
eloquence. 3. Light, unsubstantial matter. 

FROTH, v. t. To cause to foam. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

FROTH, v. i. To foam ; to throw up spume ; to throw out 
foam or bubbles. 

FROTH-SPIT, n. A kind of white froth on the leaves of 
plants ; cuckoo-spit. 

FROTH'I-LY, adv. 1. With foam or spume. 2. In an emp 
ty, trifling manner. 

FROTH'I-NESS, n. The state of being frothy ; emptiness 
senseless matter. 

FROTHING, ppr. Foaming. 

FROTH'LESS, a. Free from froth. 

FROTHY, a. 1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of 
froth or fight bubbles. 2. Soft; not firm or solid. 3. 
Vain ; light ; empty ; unsubstantial. 

FROUNCE, n. A mass of pimples in the palate of a horee ; 
also, a similar disease in hawks. — Booth. 

FROUNCE, v. t. [Sp. fruncir.] To gather into plaits ; to 
form wrinkles ; to curl or frizzle the hair about the face. 

FROUNCE, n. A wrinkle, plait, or curl ; an ornament of 
dress. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

FROUNCED (frounst), pp. Curled ; frizzled. 

FROUNCE'LESS, a. Having no plait or wrinkle. 

FROUNCING, ppr. Curling; crisping. 

FROU'ZY, a. Fetid ; musty ; rank ; dim ; cloudy. — Swift. 

t FROW, n. [G. frau ; D. vrouw.] A Dutch or German 
woman. 

FRo'WARD, a. [Sax.framweard.] Turning from with aver- 
sion or reluctance ; not willing to yield or comply with 
what is reqiiired. — Syn. Perverse ; untoward ; wayward ; 
unyielding ; ungovernable ; refractory ; disobedient ; pet- 
ulant ; cross ; peevish. 

FRo'WARD-LY, adv. Perversely ; in a peevish manner. 

FRo'WARD-NESS, n. Perverseness ; reluctance to yield or 
comply ; disobedience ; peevishness ; petulance. 

FRoW'ER, n. A sharp edged tool to cleave laths. 

FROWN, v. i. [Fr. refrogner.] 1. To express displeasure 
by contracting the brow, and looking grim or surly ; to 
look stern ; to scowl : with on or at. 2. To manifest dis 
pleasure in any manner. 3. To lower ; to look threat 
ening. 

FROWN, v. t. To repel by expressing displeasure ; to re 
buke. 

FEOWN, n. 1. A wrinkled look, particularly expressing 
dislike ; a sour, severe, or stern look, expressive of dis 
pleasure ; a scowl. 2. Any expression of displeasure 

FROWNING, ppr. or a. Knitting the brow in anger or dis 
pleasure ; expressing displeasure by a surly, stern, or angr> 
look ; lowering ; threatening. 

FROWN'ING-LY, adv. Sternly ; with a look of displeasure 

FROW'Y, a. [The same nsfrouzy.] Musty ; rancid ; rank 
as, frowy butter. — Forby. 

FROWZY. See Frouzy. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOQR, 



FRU 



433 



FUE 



►'R5Z EN (fro'zn), pp or a. [from freeze.] 1. Congealed by 
cold. 2. Cold ; frosty ; chill. 3. Chill or cold in affection. 
4. Void of natural heat or vigor. 

\ FRoZ'£N-NESS, n. State of being frozen.— Bp. Gauden. 

F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society. 

fFRUB'ISH, for furbish. 

FRUCTED, a. [L.fructus.] In heraldry, bearing fruit. 

FRUCTES'CENCE, n. [L.fructus.] In botany, the precise 
time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity, and its 
seeds are dispersed ; the fruiting season. 

FRU€TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. fructus and fero.] Bearing or 
producing fruit 

FRU€-TI-FI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of fructifying, or ren- 
dering productive of fruit ; fecundation. — 2. In botany, the 
temporary part of a plant appropriated to generation. 

FRU€TI-Fl£D (fruk'te-flde), pp. Rendered" fruitful or pro- 
ductive. 

FRUCTI-Fy, v. t. [Low L.fntctifico; Fr. fructifier.] To 
make fruitful ; to render productive ; to fertilize. 

FRUGTI-FY. v. i. To bear fruit.— Hooker. [Unusual] 

FRUCTI-FY-1NG, ppr. or a. Rendering fruitful or produc- 
tive : fertilizing. 

tFRUC-TU-A'TION, n. Produce; fruit.— PownaU. 

FRUC'TU-OUS, a. [Fr. fructueux.] Fruitful ; fertile ; also, 
impregnating with fertility. — Philips. 

FRUC'TU-OIJS-LY, adv. Fruitfully. 

FRUCTU-OUS-NES3, n. Fruitfulness. 
FRUCTURE (frukfyur), n. Use ; fruition ; enjoyment. 

FRu'GAL, a. [L.frugalis ; Fr., Sp. frugal] Economical in 
the use or appropriation of money, goods, or provisions 
of any kind ; saving unnecessary expense ; sparing ; not 
profuse, prodigal, or lavish. 

fRU-GAL'ITY, n. 1. Prudent economy; gooa uybandry 
or housewifery ; a sparing use or appropriation of money 
or commodities ; a judicious use of any thing to be ex- 
pended. 2. A prudent and sparing use or appropriation 
of any thing. 

FRu'GAL-LY, adv. With economy ; with good manage- 
ment ; in a saving manner. 

FRUG'GIN, n. [Yv.fourgon.] An oven fork; the pole with 
which the ashes in the oven are stirred. 

FRU-GIF'ER-OUS, a. [L.frugifer.] Producing fruit or corn. 

FRU-GlV'O-ROUS, a. [L. fruges and voro.] Feeding on 
fruits, seeds, or corn, as birds. 

FRUIT (frute), n. [Fr. fruit; It. frutto.] 1. In a general sense, 
whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of ani- 
mals, or for clothing or profit. 2. The produce of a tree 
or other plant; the last production for the propagation or 
multiplication of its kind ; the seed of plants, or the part 
that contains the seeds. — 3. In botany, the seed of a plant, 
or the seed with the pericarp. 4. Production ; that which 
is produced. 5. The produce of animals ; offspring ; young. 
6. Effect or consequence, as of one's labor. 7. Advantage ; 
profit ; good derived. 8. Production, effect, or conse- 
quence ; [in a bad sense ;] as, the fruit of evil habits. 

FRuIT, v. i. To produce fruit. — Chesterfield. 

FRuIT'-BEaR-ER, n. That which produces fruit. 

FRuIT'-BEaR-ING, a. Producing fruit; having the quality 
of bearing fruit.— Mortimer. 

FRuIT'-BUD, n. The bud that produces fruit.— Be Cand. 

FRuIT-GRoVE, n. A grove or close plantation of fruit- 
trees. 

FRUIT -LOFT, n. A place for the preservation of fruit. 

FRDIT'-TlME, n. The time for gathering fruit. 

FRUIT'-TREE, n. A tree cultivated for its fruit 

FROIT'AgE (trufaje), n. [Fr.] Fruit collectively ; various 
fruits. — Milton. 

FRC'IT'ER-ER, n, One who deals in fruit 

FRUITER- Y, n. [Fr. fruilerie.] 1. Fruit collectively taken. 
2._ A fruit-loft ; a repository for fruit. 

FRUITFUL, a. 1. Very productive ; producing fruit in 
abundance. 2. Bearing children ; not barren. 3. Abound- 
ing in any thing. 4. Productive of any thing. 5. Produc- 
ing in abundance ; generating.— Syn. Prolific ; fertile ; 
rich ; plenteous ; abundant ; plentiful. 

FRUIT FUL-LY, adv. 1. In such a manner as to be prolific. 
2. Plenteously; abundantly. — Shak. 

FRDITFUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of producing fruit in 
abundance; productiveness; fertility. 2. Fecundity; the 
quality of being prolific, or producing many young. 3. 
Productiveness of the intellect. 4. Exuberant abundance. 

FROITTNG, ppr. or a. Producing fruit ; pertaining to fruit 

FRulTTNG, n. The bearing of fruit. 

FRU-I'TION (fru-ish'un',, n. [L. fruor.] Use, accompanied 
with pleasure, corporeal or intellectual ; enjoyment ; grat- 
ification ; the pleasure derived from use or possession. 

FRul-TIVE. a. Enjoying.— Boyle. 

FRuIT'LESS, a. 1. Not "bearing fruit; destitute of fruit. 
2. Productive of no advantage or good effect. 3. Having 
no ofl'spring. Shah. — Syn. Barren ; unprofitable ; abortive ; 
ineffectual ; vain ; idle ; profitless ; useless. 

FRuITLESS-LY, adv. Without any valuable effect; idly ; 
vainly; unprofitably. 



FRuFFLESS-NESS, n. The quality of being vain or un- 
profitable. 

FRUITY, a. Like fruit ; having the qualities of fruit. 

FRU-MEN-Ta'CEOUS (fru-men-ta'shus), a. [L. frumenta- 
ceus.] 1. Made of wheat or like grain. 2. Resembling 
wheat. 

FRU-MEN-TiHI-OUS, a. [L. frumentarius.] Pertaining to 
wheat or grain. 

FRU-MEN-TI'TION, n. [L. frumentatio.] Among the Ro- 
mans, a largess of grain bestowed on the people. 

FRfJ'MEN-TY, n. [L. frumentum.] Food made of wheat 
boiled in milk. 

FRUMP, n. 1. A joke, jeer, or flout ; [obs.] Bp. Hall.— 2. 
In modern colloquial usage, a cross-tempered, old-fashioned 
female. — Smart. 

t FRUMP, v. t. To insult. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

t FRUMP'ER, n. A mocker ; a scoffer. — Cotgrave. 

FRUMP'ISH, a. Old-fashioned ; ill-natured.— Smart. [Co&j 

tFRUSH, v. t. [Fr. froisser.] To bruise; to crush. 

FRUSH, n. [G. frosch.] 1. In famery, a sort of tender horn 
that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse's foot ; the 
same as frog. 2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous mat- 
ter from the frog of a horse's foot ; also called thrush. — 
Smart. 

FRUS'TRA-BLE, a. That may be frustrated. 

FRUS-TRa'NE-OUS, a. Vain ; useless ; unprofitable.— Souik. 
[Little used.] 

FRUSTRATE, v. t. [L. frustro.] 1. To defeat , to disap- 
point ; to balk ; to bring to nothing. 2. To disappoint ; 
to foil. 3. To make null ; to nullify ; to render of no ef- 
fect. 

FRUSTRATE, part. a. Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprof- 
itable; null; void; of no effect. — Drydcn. 

FRUSTRATED, pp. Defeated ; disappointed ; rendered 
vain or null. 

FRUS'TRI-TING, ppr. Defeating ; disappointing ; making 
vain or of no effect 

FRUSTRATION, n. The act of frustrating; disappoint 
ment; defeat. — South. 

FRUSTRATiVE, a. Tending to defeat; fallacious. 

FRUSTRATO-RY. a. That makes void; that vacates uk 
renders null. — Ayliffe. 

FRUSTUM, n. [L.] In geometry, the part of a solid next 
the base, formed by cutting off the top ; or, the part of any 
solid, as of a cone, pyramid, &c, between two planes. 

FRU-TES'CENT, a. [L.frutex.] In botany, from herbaceous i 
becoming shrubby. — Martyn. 

FRuTEX, n. [L.] In botany, a shrub. 

FRu'TI-CANT, a. Full of shoots.— Evelyn. 

FRu'TI-CoSE, \ a. [L. fruticosus.] Shrub-like ; fcrancning 

FRu'TI-COUS, ] like a shrub. 

FRUTICU-LoSE, a. Branching like a small shrub. 

FRY, v. t. [L. frigo.] To dress with fat by heating cr roast- 
ing in a pan over a fire ; to cook in a I rying-pan. 

FRY, v. i. 1. To be heated and agitated, as meat in a frying- 
pan ; to suffer the action of fire or extreme heat. 2. To 
ferment as in the stomach. 3. To be agitated ; to boil. 

FRY, n. [Fr.frai.] 1. A swarm or crowd of little fish. 2 
A dish of any thing fried. 3. A kind of sieve ; [not Ameri- 
can use.] 

FR? TNG, ppr. Dressing in a frying-pan ; heating ; agi 
tating. 

FRf'ING-PAN, n. A pan with a long handle, used for fry 
ing meat and vegetables. 

t FUB, n. A plump young person. — Smart. 

FUB, v. t. To put off; to delay ; to cheat— Shak. See Fob 

FUB'BY, a. Plump ; chubby.— Nichols. 

Fu'CATE, 1 a. [L.fucatus.] Painted : disguised with paint; 

Fu'Ca-TED, 5 also, disguised with false show. 

Fu'COID, n. Fossil sea-weed.— Hitchcock. See Fucus. 

Fu'COID, a. Resembling sea- weed. 

FU-€OID'AL, a. Containing fucoids. 

FtJ'CUS, n. [L.] 1. A paint ; a dye ; also, false show. 2. 
pi. Fuci, in botany, a genus of alga, or sea-weeds ; the sea- 
wrack, <fec. 

FUDDER of lead. See Fother and Fodder. 

FUD'DLE, v. t. To make drunk ; to intoxicate. 

FUD'DLE, v. i. To drink to excess. — L' 'Estrange. 

FUDDLED, pp. Drunk; intoxicated. 

FUD'DLER, n. A drunkard.— Baxter. 

FUDTJLING, ppr. Intoxicating ; drinking to excess. 

FUDGE, n. A made-up story ; stuff; nonsense ; an excla- 
mation of contempt — Goldsmith. 

FO'EL, n. [Ft. feu; Sip.fuego.] 1. Any matter which serves 
as aliment to fire ; that which feeds tire ; combustible mat- 
ter. 2. Any thing that serves to feed or increase flame, 
heat or excitement 

Fu'EL, v. t. 1. To feed with combustible matter. 2. To 
store with fuel or firing. — Wotton. 

Fu'EL.ED, pp. Fed with combustible matter ; stored with 
firing. 

Fu'EL-ER, n. He or that which supplies fuel. 

FuTDL-ING, ppr. Feeding with fuel ; supplying with fuel. 



D6VE ; — BTJ T I UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; cH as SH- TH as in this, t ObsoleU 



FUL 



434 



FUL 



FCE-RO, n [Sp., from the root of force] 1. A statute ; ju- 
risdiction. 2. A charter of privileges. 
FUFF, v. i. [G. pfuffen.] To blow or puff.— Brockett. [Local.] 
FUFFT, a. Light and soft.— Brockett. [Local.] 
FU-Ga'CIOUS (fu-ga'shus), a. [L.fugax.] Flying or fleeing 
away; volatile. 

The quality of flying away ; vola- 



n. [L.fugax.] 
2. Uncertainty 



1. Volatility : 
instability. 



the 



FU-GI'CIOUS-NESS, n. 

tflity. 
FU-GAC'I-TY (fu-gas'e-te 

quality of flying away. 
FfiPTT > 
FoH ' I ^ exc l ama tion expressing abhoiTence. 

Fu'Gl-TiVE, a. [Fr. fugitif; L.fugitwus.] 1. Volatile; apt 
to flee away ; readily wafted by the wind. 2. Not tena- 
ble : not to be held or detained ; readily escaping. 3. Un- 
stable ; unsteady ; fleeting ; not fixed or durable. 4. Flee- 
ing; running from danger or pursuit. 5. Fleeing from 
duty ; eloping ; escaping. 6. Wandering ; vagabond. — 7. 
In literature, fugitive compositions are such as are short 
and occasional, written in haste or at intervals, and con- 
sidered to be fleeting and temporary. 

w €'Gl-TlVE, n. 1. One who flees from his station or duty ; 
a deserter ; one who flees from danger. 2. One who has 
fled or deserted, and taken refuge under another power, 
or one who has fled from punishment. 3. One hard to be 
caught or detained. 

FtJ'Gl-TiVE-LY, adv. In a fugitive manner. 

FO'Gl-TIVE-NESS, n. 1. Volatility ; fugacity ; an aptness to 
fly away. 2. Instability ; unsteadiness. 

FU'GLE-MAN, )w. [Ger. flugelmann, file leader.] One 

FLO'GEL-MAN, 5 who stands in front of a fine of soldiers 
when under drill, and whose movements, in the manual 
exercise, they are all simultaneously to follow. 

KtJGUE (fug), n. [Fr. fugue; L., Sp., It. fug a.] In music, a 
composition in which the different parts follow each oth- 
er, each repeating the subject at a certain interval above 
or below the preceding part.— Brande. 

Fu'GUlST (fu'gist), n. A musician who composes fugues, 
or performs them extemporaneously. — Busby. 

t FUL'CI-BLE, a. [L.fulcibilis.] Which may be propped up. 

FUL'CI-MENT, n. [L. fulcimentum.] A prop ; a fulcrum ; 
that on which a balance or lever rests. [Little used.] 

FUL'CRATE, a. [L. fulcrum.] 1. In botany, afulcrate stem 
is one whose branches descend to the earth. 2. Furnished 
with fulcrums. 

FUL'CR UM, n. ; pi. Fulcra or Fulcrums. [L.] 1. A prop 
or support. — 2. In mechanics, that by which a lever is sus- 
tained, or the point about which it moves. — 3. In botany, 
all the appendages of the axis of a plant except the leaves 
and flowers, were formerly called fulcra, as the bracts, 
tendrils, &c. ; [disused.] 

FUL-FILL', v. t. [full and f 11] 1. To accomplish ; to per- 
form ; to complete ; to answer in execution or event what 
has been foretold or promised. 2. To accomplish what 
was intended ; to answer a design by execution. 3. To 
accomplish or perform what was desired ; to answer any 
desire by compliance or gratification. 4. To perform what 
is required ; to answer a law by obedience. 5. To com- 
plete in time. — 6. In general, to accomplish ; to complete ; 
to carry into effect. 

FUL-FILLED' (ful-fild'), pp. Accomplished ; performed ; 
completed ; executed. 

FUL-FILL'JiR, n. One who fulfills or accomplishes. 

FUL-FILL'ING, ppr. Accomplishing ; performing ; com- 
pleting. 

FUL-FILL'MENT, \ n. 1. Accomplishment ; completion. 

FUL-FILL'ING, 3 2. Execution; performance. 

FUL'FRAUGHT (-frawt), a. Full-stored. See Full-fraught. 

FUL'gEN-CY, n. [L.fulgens.] Brightness; splendor; glit- 
ter; effulgence. 

FUL'GENT, a. Shining ; dazzling ; exquisitely bright. 

FUL'GENT-LY, adv. In a glittering manner. 

f FUL'GlD, a. [L. fulgidus.] Shining ; dazzling. 

tFUL-GlD'I-TY, n. Splendor ; dazzling glitter.— Diet. 

FUL'GOR, n. [L.] Splendor ; dazzling brightness. — More. 
[Little used.] 

t FUL'GU-RANT, a. Lightning. 

t FUL'GU-RaTE, v. i. To flash as lightning.— Chambers. 

FUL-GU-Ra'TION, n. [L. fulguratio.] 1. Lightning ; the 
act of lightning ; [unusual.] 2. The sudden brightening 
of a fused globule of gold or silver when the last film of 
the oxyd of lead or copper leaves its surface. — Brande. 

FUL'GU-RiTE, n. [L. fulgura.] A tube of vitrified sand, 
supposed to be formed by a stroke of lightning on a sandy 
plain, &c— P. Cyc. 

T FUL'GU-RY, n. [ L. fulgur.] Lightmns.—Cockeram. 

FUL'HAM, n. A cant word for false dice.— Shak. 

FU-LIG-I-NOS'I-TY, n. [L. fuligo.] Sootiness ; matter de- 
posited by smoke. — Kirwan, Geol. 

FU-LlG'I-NOUS, a. [L. fuligineus.] 1. Pertaining to soot ; 
sooty ; dark ; dusky. 2. Pertaining to smoke ; resem- 
bling smoke ; dusky. 

FU-LlGl-NOU S-LY, adv. In a smoky or sooty state. 
a, E, I, &c, long. 



Fu'LI-MiRT. See Foumart. 

FULL, a. [Sax., Sw. full] 1. Replete ; having within ita 
limits aU that it can contain. 2. Abounding with ; having 
a large quantity or abundance. 3. Supplied ; not vacant 
as a throne. — Blackstone. 4. Plump ; fat. 5. Saturated ; 
sated. 6. Crowded, with regard to the imagination or 
memory ; as, to be full of a subject. 7. Large ; entire ; 
not partial ; that fills, as a meal. 8. Complete ; entire ; 
not defective or partial. 9. Complete ; entire ; without 
abatement. 10. Containing the whole matter ; expressing 
the whole ; as, a full account. 11. Strong ; not faint or 
attenuated; loud; clear; distinct, as a voice. 1L. Mature; 
perfect. 13. Entire ; complete ; denoting the completion 
of a sentence, as a stop. 14. Spread to view in all dimen- 
sions ; as, drawn with a full face. — Addison. 15. Exhib- 
iting the whole disk or surface illuminated. 16. Abundant , 
plenteous ; sufficient. 17. Adequate ; equal, as pay for 
work. 18. Well fed. 19. Well supplied or furnished ; 
abounding. 20. Copious ; ample ; as, to be full on e 
topic. 

FULL, n. 1. Complete measure ; utmost extent. 2. The 
highest state or degree, as of the tide. 3. The whole ; the 
total; in the phrase, at full. 4. The state of satiety. — The 
full of the moon is the time when it presents to the spec- 
tator its whole face illuminated. 

FULL, adv. 1. Quite ; to the same degree ; without abate 
ment or diminution. 2. With the whole effect. 3. Ex- 
actly. 4. Directly. — Full is prefixed to other words, 
chiefly participles, to express utmost extent or degree. 

FULL, v. t. [Sax. fullian; L. fullo.] To thicken cloth in a 
mill ; to make compact; or to scour, cleanse, and thicken 
in a mill. 

FULL'-I'CORNED, a. Fed to the full with acorns. 

FULL'-BLOOMED', a. Having perfect bloom.— Crashaw 

FULL'-BLoWN', a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom. 2. 
Fully distended with wind. — Dryden. 

FULL'-BOT'TOM, n. A wig with a large bottom. 

FULL-BOTTOMED, a. Having a large bottom, as a wig 

FULL -BUTT', adv. Meeting directly and with violence.— 
U Estrange. [ Vulgar.] 

FULL'-CHaRgED', a. Charged to fullness.— Shak. 

FULL'-CRAMMED', a. Crammed to fullness.— Marston. 

FULL'-DRESSED' (-dresf), a. Dressed in form or costume 

FULL -DRIVE', a. Driving with full speed.— Chaucer. 

FULL'-EARED', a. Having the ears or heads full of grain, 
— Den ham. 

FULL'-E?ED' (-Ide*), a. Having large, prominent eyes. 

FULL'-FaCED' (-faste'), a. Having a broad face. 

FULL-FED', a. Fed to fullness ; plump with fat. 

FULL'-FLESHED' (-fleshtf), a. Having full flesh; corpu- 
lent. — Lamb. 

FULL'-FORMED', a. Having full form.— Coleridge. 

FULL'-FRAUGHT' (-frawf), a. Laden or stored to fullness. 

FULL'-GORgED', a. Over-fed. [A term in hawking.] 

FULL'-GRoWN', a. Grown to full size.— Milton. 

FULL'-HEaRT'ED, a. Full of courage or confidence. 

FULL'-HOT, a. 1. Heated to the utmost.— Shak. 2. Quite 
as hot as it ought to be. 

FULL'-La'DEN. a. Laden to the full. 

FULL-MANNED', a. Completely furnished with men 

FULL'-MOUTHED', a. Having a full, strong voice. 

FULL'-ORBED', a. Having the orb complete or fully illu- 
minated, as the moon ; like the full moon. 

FULL'-SPREAD', a. Extended to the utmost.— Dryden. 

FULL'-ST6M' ACHED (-stum'akt), a. Having the stomach 
crammed. 

FULL'-STUFFED' (-stuftT), a. Filled to the utmost extent 

FULL-SUMMED', a. Complete in all its parts. 

FULL'-WINGED', a. 1. Having complete wings, or large, 
strong wings. 2. Ready for flight ; eager. 

FULL'AgE, n. Money paid for fulling cloth. 

FUL'LAM, n. An old cant word for false dice, named from 
Fulham, where they were made. — Smart. 

FULLED, pp. or a. Cleansed ; thickened ; made dense and 
firm in a mill. 

FULL'ER, n. One whose occupation is to full cloth. 

FULL'ER'S-EARTH (-erth), n. A soft, friable clay, which 
absorbs grease, and is much used in fulling cloth. 

FULL'ER'S-THISTLE (-1), \n. Teasel, a plant of the ge- 

FULL'ER'S-WEED, 5 nus dipsacus. The burrs are 

used in dressing cloth. 

FULL'ER-Y, n. The place or the works where the fulling 
of cloth is carried on. 

FULL'ING, ppr. Thickening cloth in a mill ; making com- 
pact. 

FULL'ING, n. The art or practice of thickening cloth, and 
making it compact and firm, in a mill. 

FULL'ING-MILL, n. A mill for fulling cloth. 

FULL'NESS, n. 1. The state of being filled, so as to loaye 
no part vacant. 2. The state of abounding or being in 
great plenty ; abundance ; copiousness ; plenitude. 3. 
Completeness ; the state of a thing in which nothing ia 
wanted ; perfection. 4. Repletion ; satiety, as from in 

I, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD^MoVETBQQKT 



FUM 



435 



FUN 



temperance. 5. Repletion of vessels, as of blood. 6. 
Plenty ; wealth ; affluence. 7. Struggling perturbation ; 
swelling, as of the soul. 8. Largeness; extent. 9. Loud- 
ness ; force of sound such as fills the ear. 

FULL'Y, adv. 1. Without lack or defect ; in a manner to 
give satisfaction ; to the extent desired ; as, fully paid. 2. 
Without abatement ; with completeness ; as, fully accom- 
plished. — Fully committed, in law, committed to prison for 
trial, in distinction from being previously detained for ex- 
amination. — Syn. Completely; entirely; maturely; plen- 
tifully ; abundantly ; plenteously ; copiously ; largely ; 
amply ; sufficiently ; clearly ; distinctly ; perfectly. 

FUL 'MAR, n. 1. A sea-fowl of the petrel kind, very abund- 
ant in the polar regions, and feeding on dead whales, 
seals, and other offal. 2. The foulemart or fulimart. See 
Foumart. 

FUL'MI-NANT, a. [Fr.; L.fulminans.] Thundering. 

FUL'MI-NaTE, v. i. [L. fulmino.] 1. To thunder. 2. To 
make a loud, sudden noise, or a sudden, sharp crack ; to 
detonate. 3. To issue forth ecclesiastical censures, as if 
with the_ force of a thunderbolt. 

FUL'MI-NaTE, v. t. 1. To utter or send out, as a denuncia- 
tion or censure. 2. To cause to explode. 

FUL'MI-NATE, n. A compound of fulminic acid with a 
base. These compounds explode by percussion, friction, 
or heat. — Fulminate of mercury, often called fuhninating 
mercury, is much used in percussion caps. 

FUL'MI-Na-TING, ppr. or a. 1. Thundering ; crackling ; 
exploding ; detonating. 2. Hurling menaces or censures. — 
Fulminating powder, an explosive compound of nitre, 
carbonate of potash, and sulphur. See Fulminate, n. 

FUL-MI-Na'TION, n. 1. A thundering. 2. Denunciation of 
censure or threats, as by papal authority ; anathema or 
excommunication. 3. The explosion of certain chemical 
preparations ; detonation. 

FUL'MI-NA-TO-RY. a. Thunderin? ; striking terror. 

FUL'MiNE, v. i. To thunder.— Milton. 

FUL'MiNE, v. t. To shoot ; to dart like lightning. 

FUL-MIN'I-G, a. Fulminic acid, in chemistry, is an explosive 
acid composed of cyanogen and oxygen. See Fulmi- 
nate, ti. 

FUL'S6ME, a. [Sax. ful, foul, or full.] Rank ; gross ; dis- 
gusting ; nauseous. Formerly applied to things physically 
rank or nauseous ; as, a fulsome smell ; and, hence, to 
things lustful or obscene ; as, fulsome ewes ; & fulsome ep- 
igram. — In present usage, the term is applied to what dis- 
gusts by excess or grossness ; as, a fulsome panegyric ; a 
fulsome artifice. 

PUL/S6ME-LY, adv. Rankly ; nauseously ; grossly. 

FUL'S6ME-NESS, 7i. Nauseousness ; offensive grossness. 

FUL'VID. See Fulvous. 

FULVOUS, a. [L. fu.lvus.] Tawny ; dull yellow, with a 
mixjnre of gray and brown. 

FU-Ma/DO, n. [L. fumus.] A smoked fish. 

Fu'MAdE, n. [L. fumus.] Hearth-money. — Diet. 

Fu'MA-TO-RY, n. [Vv.fumeterre.] The same as fumitory. 

FUM'BLE, v. i. [D. fommelen.] 1. To feel or grope about ; 
to attempt awkwardly. 2. To grope about in perplexity ; 
to seek awkwardly. — Dryden. 3. To handle much ; to 
play childishly ; to turn over and over. 

FUM'BLE, v. t. To manage awkwardly ; to crowd or tum- 
ble together. — Shak. 

FUM'BLER, n. One who gropes or manages awkwardly. 

FUM'BLING, ppr. or a. Groping ; managing awkwardly. 

FUM'BLING-LY, adv. In an awkward manner. 

FuME, n. [L. fumus.] 1. Smoke; vapor from combustion, 
as from burning wood or tobacco. 2. Vapor; volatile 
matter ascending in a dense body. 3. Exhalation from 
the stomach, as of liquor. 4. Rage ; heat, as of passion. 
5. Any thing unsubstantial or fleeting. — Shak. 6. Idle 
conceit ; vain imagination. — Bacon. 

FuME, v. i. [L. fumo ; Fr. fumer.] 1. To smoke ; to throw 
off vapor, as in combustion. 2. To yield vapor or visible 
exhalations. 3. To pass off in vapors. — Oheyne. 4. To be 
in a rage ; to be hot with anger. 

FuME, v. t. 1. To smoke ; to dry in smoke. 2. To per- 
fume. 3. To disperse or drive away in vapors. 

FuMED, pp. Smoked ; dried in smoke. 

FDME'LESS, a. Free from fumes. 

Fu'MET, n. The dung of deer. — Ben Jonson. 

FU-METTE', n. [Fr.] The stench of tainted meat.— Swift 

Fu'MID, a. [L.fumidus.] Smoky; vaporous. 

FU-MID'I-TY, ii. Smokiness. 

FU-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing smoke. 

FU-MIF'U-6IST, n. [L. fumus and fugo.] He or that which 
drives away smoke or fumes. 

Fu'MI-GANT, a. Fuming. 

FD'MI-GaTE, v. t. [L. fumigo.] 1. To smoke ; to perfume. 
2. To apply smoke to ; to expose to smoke or gas to pu- 
rify from infection, &c. 

Fu'MI-Ga-TED, pp. Smoked; exposed to smoke. 

Fu'MT-Ga-TING, ppr. Smoking ; applying smoke to. 

FU-MI-Ga'TION, ra. [L. fumigatio.] 1. The act of smoking, 



or applying smoke or gas, to purify from infection, Sec 

2. Vapors ; scent raised by fire. 
Fu'MI-GA-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of cleansing by 

smoke. 
FuM'I-LY, adv. In a smoky manner. 
FuM'ING, ppr. or a. Smoking ; emitting vapors ; raging. 
FuM'ING-LY, adv. Angrily ; in a rage. — Hooker. 
FfJMISH, a. Smoky ; hot ; choleric. [Little used.] 
Fu'MI-TER, 7i. A plant. See Fumitory. 
Fu'MI-TO-RY, 7i. A plant whose leaves are of a bitter taste, 

_and sometimes used for disorders of the skin. 

FuMT ' \ a ' Producin o fume 5 ful1 of vapor.— Dryden. 

FUN, 7i. Sport; vulgar merriment. [A low word.] 

FU-NAM'BU-LITE, v. t. To walk on a rope. 

FU-NAM'BU-La-TING, ppr. Walking on a rope. 

FU-NAM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Performing like a rope-dancer ; 
narrow, like the walk of a rope-dancer. 

FU-NAM'BU-LIST, n. [L. funis and ambulo.] A rope-walk- 
er or dancer. 

t FU-NAM'BU-LO, \n. [L.funambulus.] A rope-dancer. 

t FU-NAM'BU-LUS, 5 Bacon. 

FUNCTION, 7i. [L. functio.] 1. In a general sense, the 
doing, executing, or performing of any thing ; discharge ; 
performance. 2. Office or employment, or any duty or 
business belonging to a particular station or character ; 
charge ; post; place. 3. Trade ; occupation ; [less proper.) 
4. The office of any particular part of animal bodies. 5. 
Power ; faculty, animal or intellectual. — 6. Animal or veg- 
etable functions, are the motions, operations, or acts which 
the organs, or system of organs, are fitted by nature to 
perform ; the proper action of the mechanism. — 7. In 
mathematics, the function of a variable quantity is any al- 
gebraic expression into which that quantity enters. 

FUNCTION-AL, a. Pertaining to functions ; performed by 
the functions ; as, afunctional irregularity. See Function, 
No. 6. 

FUNG'TION-AL-LY, adv. By means of the functions.— 
Lawrence, Lect. 

FUNGTION-A-RY, n. One who holds an office or trust. 

FUNCTUS OF-FT'CI-0 (-of-fish'e-o). [L.] Having gone 
through with an office or duty ; out of office. 

FUND, 7i. [Fr. fond.] 1. A stock or capital ; a sum of mon- 
ey appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or 
other operation. 2. Money lent to government, consti- 
tuting a national debt ; or the stock of a national debt. 3. 
Money or income destined to the payment of the interest 
of a debt. — 4. A sinking fund is a sum of money appro- 
priated to the purchase of the public stocks or "the pay- 
ment of the public debt. 5. Money whose income is set 
apart for the support of some permanent object. 6. A stock 
or capital to afford supplies of any kind. 7. Abundance ; 
ample stock or store. 

FUND, v. t. 1. To provide and appropriate a fund for pay 
ing the interest of, as a debt. 2. To place money in a 
fund. 

FUND'-HoLD-ER, n. One who has property in the funds. 

FUN'DA-MENT n. [L. fundamentum.] 1. The seat ; the 
lower part of the body, or of the intestinum rectum. 2. 
Foundation. — Chaucer ; [not in use.] 

FUN-DA-MENTAL, a. Pertaining to the foundation or ba- 
sis ; serving for the foundation. — Fundamental base, that 
part, in musical harmony, which sustains the chord ; in 
the natural position of the chord, the lowest part. — Syn. 
Primary ; first ; leading ; original ; essential ; indispensa- 
ble ; necessary ; requisite ; important. 

FUN-DA-MENTAL, n. A leading or primary principle, rule, 
law, or article which serves as the ground-work of a sys- 
tem ; an essential. 

FUN-DA-MENTAL-LY, adv. Primarily; originally; essen- 
tially ; at the foundation. 

FUND'ED, pp. or a. Furnished with funds for regular pay- 
ment of the interest of; as, funded debt. 

FUNDING, ppr. Providing funds for the payment of the in 
terest of. 

FUNDING SYSTEM, n. A scheme of finance or revem*. 
for paving annual interest on a public debt. 

FUND'LESS, a. Destitute of funds. 

FU-Ne'BRI-AL. a. [L.funebris.] Pertaining to funeras. 

t FU-Ne'BRI-OUS, a. [L.funebris.] FunereaL 

Fu'NER-AL, 7i. [It. funerale.] 1. Burial; the ceremony t,i 
burying a dead body; obsequies. 2. The procession ot 
persons attending the burial of the dead. 3. Burial ; inter- 
ment. — Denham. 

Fu'NER-AL, a. Pertaining to burial ; used at the interment 
of the dead. 

t FuTSTER-aTE, v. t. [L. funeratus.] To bury.— Cocker am. 

t FU-NER-A'TION, it. Solemnization of a funeral. 

FU-NeHE-AL, a. 1. Suiting a funeral ; pertaining to buria'. 
2. Dark ; dismal ; mournful. — Taylor. 

FU-NeTIE-AL-LY, adv. In a funereal manner ; dismally. 

tFU-NEST, a. [L. funestus.] Doleful ; lamentable. 
Phillips. 



D<WE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; <1 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



FUR 



436 



FUR 



FUN"GATE, n. [from fungus.] A compound of fungic acid 
and a base. — Coze. 

\ FUN6E, n. [L. fungus.] A blockhead ; a fool. — Burton. 

FUN'Gl-A, n. A genus of corals, much like a mushroom in 
their form. — Mantell. 

FUN'GlC, a. Pertaining to or obtained from mushrooms. 

FUN'Gl-FORM, a. In mineralogy, having a termination sim- 
ilar to the head of a fungus. 

FUN'GlN, n. The fleshy part of mushrooms, purified by di- 
gestion in hot water. — Brande. 

FUN'GiTE, n. A kind of fossil coral. 

FUN-GIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. fungus and voro.] Feeding on 
mushrooms. — Kirby. 

FUN"GOID, a. Having the appearance of a mushroom. 

FUN"GOS1-TY, n. Soft excrescence. 

FUN"GOUS, a. [See Fungus.] 1. Like fungus or a mush- 
room ; excrescent ; spongy; soft. 2. Growing suddenly, 
but not substantial or durable. 

FUN"GUS, n. ; pi. Fun'gi or Fun"gus-es. [L.] 1. In botany, 
a term denoting a large natural order of plants, compre- 
hending mushrooms, toadstools, the microscopic plants 
which form mold, mildew, &c. This name has also been 
given to excrescences on plants. 2. A spongy excrescence 
in animal bodies, as proud flesh formed in wounds. 

Fti'NI-€LE, n. [L. funiculus.] A small cord; a small lig- 
ature ; a fibre. — Johnson. 

FU-NIC'U-LAR, a. Consisting of a small cord or fibre. 

FUNK, n. An offensive smell. [ Vulgar.] 

\ FUNK, v. t. To envelop with an offensive smell. — King. 

t FUNK, v. i. To stink through fear. [ Vulgar.] 

FUN'NEL, n. [W.fynel.] 1. A passage or avenue for a fluid 
or flowing substance, particularly, the shaft or hollow chan- 
nel of a chimney through which smoke ascends. 2. A 
vessel for conveying fluids into close vessels ; a kind of in- 
verted hollow cone with a pipe ; a tunnel. 

FUN'NEL-FORM, ) a. Having the form of a funnel or 

FUN'NEL-SHaP^D, S inverted hollow cone. 

FUN'NY, a. [from fun.] Droll ; comical. 

FUN'NY, n. A light boat. 

FUR, n. [Fr. jourrure.] 1. The short, fine, soft hair of 
certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distin- 
guished from the hair, which is longer and coarser. 2. 
The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry. 
3. Strips of skin with fur, used on garments for lining or 
for ornament. 4. Hair in general; [a loose rise.] 5. A 
coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons 
affected with fever. 6. A coating on the interior of tea- 
kettles, &c, deposited by hard water. 

FUR, a. Pertaining to or made of fur. 

FUR, v. t. 1. To line, face, or cover with fur. 2. To cover 
with morbid matter, as the tongue. — 3. In architecture, to 
nail small strips of board on joists, rafters, &c, in order 
to make a level surface for lathing, boarding, &c. — Gwilt. 

f FUR, adv. [commonly written far.] At a distance. — Sid- 
ney. 

FUR'-WROUGHT (furrawt), a. Made of fur.— Gay. 

FU-RI'CIOUS (fu-ra-shus), a. [L.furax.] Given to theft; 
inclined to steal ; thievish. [Little used.] 

FU-RAC'I-TY, n. Thievishness. [Little used.] 

FUR'BE-LoW, n. [Fr.,It., Sp.falbala.] A piece of stuff 
plaited and puckered on a gown or petticoat ; a flounce ; 
the plaited border of a petticoat or gown. 

FUR'BE-LOW, v. t. To put a furbelow on ; to furnish with 
an ornamental appendage of dress. 

FUR'BE-LoWjED, pp. Furnished with a furbelow. 

FURBE-LoW-ING, ppr. Adorning with a furbelow. 

FURBISH, v. t. [It. forbire; Fr. fourbir.] To rub or scour 
to brightness ; to polish ; to burnish. 

FUR'BISH-A-BLE, a. That may be polished.— Sherwood. 

FURBISHED (furhisht), pp. Scoured to brightness ; pol- 
ished ; burnished. 

FUR'BISH-ER, n. One who polishes or makes bright by 
rubbing ; one who cleans. 

FURBISHING, ppr. Rubbing to brightness ; polishing. 

FURCATE, \a. [h.furca.] Forked ; branching like the 

FUR'CI-TED, 5 prongs of a fork.— Lee, Botany. 

FUR-CI'TION, n. A forking ; a branching like the tines of 
a fork. — Brown. 

FUR'DLE, v. t. [Fr. fardeau.] To draw up into a bundle. 
— Brown. 

FURFUR, n. [L.] Dandruff; scurf; scales like bran. 

FUR-FU-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L.furfuraceus.] Scaly; branny 
scurfy ; like bran. 

FCRI-OUS, a. [L. furiosus.] 1. Rushing with impetuosity 
moving with violence. 2. Transported with passion. 3, 
Filled with phrensy ; rendered outrageous by insanity. — 
Syn. Impetuous ; vehement ; boisterous ; raging ; fierce ; 
violent ; turbulent ; tumultuous ; angry ; mad ; frantic 
phrenetic ; phrensied. 

FfrPJ-OUS-LY, adv. With impetuous motion or agitation 
violently; vehemently. 

FC'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Impetuous motion or rushing ; vi 
olent agitation. 2. Madness ; phrensy ; rage. 



FURL, v. t. [Fr. ferler.] To draw up ; to wrap or roll a sal 
close to the yard, stay, or mast, and fasten it by a gasket 
or cord. 

FURL .ED, pp. or a. Wrapped and fastened to a yard, &c. 

FURLTNG, ppr. Wrapping or rolling and fastening to a 
yard, &c. 

FURLONG, n. [Sax. furlang.] A measure of length; th# 
eighth part of a mile ; forty rods, poles, or perches. 

FURLOUGH (furlo), n. [D. verlof] 1. Leave of absence 
[a word used only in military affairs.] 

FUR'LoUGH, v. t. To furnish with a furlough ; to granf 
leave of absence to an officer or soldier. 

FUR'LoUGHED, pp. Having a furlough. 

FUR'MEN-TY. See Fkumenty. 

FUR'NACE, n. [Fr. fournaise, fourneau.] 1. A place where 
a vehement fire and heat may be made and maintained, 
for melting ores, metals, &c. 2. A smaller apparatus ii 
which fuel is burned for culinary purposes. — 3. In Scrip 
ture, a place of cruel bondage and affliction. — Deut., iv. 4 
Grievous afflictions by which men are tried. — Ezek., xxiij 
5. A place of temporal torment. — Dan., iii. 6. Hell ; the 
place of endless torment. — Matt. xiii. 

FUR'NACE, v. t. To throw out sparks as a furnace. 

t FUR'NI-MENT, %. [Fr. fourniment.] Furniture.— Spenser 

FUR'NISH, v. t. [Fr. fournir.] 1. To provide or supply witk 
any thing wanted or necessary. 2. To supply ; to store 
as with knowledge. 3. To fit up ; to supply with the 
proper goods, vessels, or ornamental appendages. 4. Tf 
equip ; to fit for an expedition ; to supply. 

I FUR'NISH, n. A specimen ; a sample. — Greene. 

FUR'NISHED (fur'nisht), pp. or a. Supplied; garnished 
fitted with necessaries. 

FUR'NISH-ER, n. One who supplies or fits out. 

FURNISH-ING. ppr. Supplying; fitting; garnishing. 

FUR'NISH-MENT, n. A supply.— Cotgrave. 

FURNI-TURE, n. [Fr. fourniture.] 1. Goods, vessels, uten 
sils, and other appendages necessary or convenient fc» 
housekeeping ; chattels ; movables ; effects. 2. The nec- 
essary appendages in various employments or arts ; as 
the furniture of a printing-press, &c. 3. Appendages , 
that which is added for use or ornament. 4. Equipage 
ornaments ; decorations. — 5. In music, an organ with mixed 
jiotes ; mixture. 

Fu'ROR, n. [L.] Fury ; rage. 

FURR.ED, pp. or a. Lined or ornamented with fur ; thick 
ened by the addition of strips of board ; covered with fur 

FURRI-ER, n. A dealer in furs. 

FUR'RI-ER-Y, n. Furs in general.— Tookc. 

FUR'RING, ppr. Lining or ornamenting with fur ; nailing 
on thin strips of board to prepare for lathing, &c. 

FUR'RING, n. The nailing of thin strips of board in order 
to level a surface for lathing, boarding, &c. ; the strips 
thus nailed on. 

FUR'RoW, n. [Sees., fur, or furh.] 1. A trench in the earth 
made by a plow. 2. A long, narrow trench or channel in 
wood or metal ; a groove. 3. A hollow made by wrinklea 
in the face. 

FUR'RoW, v. t. [Sax. fyrian.] 1. To cut a furrow ; to make 
furrows in ; to plow. 2. To make long, narrow channels 
or grooves in. 3. To cut ; to make channels in ; to plow 
4. To make hollows in by wrinkles ; to wrinkle. 

FURR5W-FaC£D (-faste), a. Having a wrinkled face. 

FUR'RoW-WEED, n. A weed growing on plowed land. 

FUR'RoWjED (fur'rode), pp. or a, Marked with furrows. 

FURRoW-ING, ppr. Marking wfth furrows. 

FUR'RY, a. 1. Covered with fur ; dressed in fur. 2. Con 
sisting of fur or skins. 

FURTHER, a. [Sax. further, comparative of forth.] 1. More 
or most distant. 2. Additional. 

FUR'THER, adv. To a greater distance. 

FURTHER, v. t. [Sax. fyrthrian.] To help forward ; to 
promote ; to advance onward ; to forward ; hence, to help 
or assist. 

FURTHER-ANCE, n. A helping forward ; promotion ; ad- 
vancement. 

FURTHERED, pp. Promoted; advanced. 

FUR'THER-ER, n. One who helps to advance ; a promoter. 

FUR'THER-ING, ppr. Promoting; advancing. 

FUR'THER-MoRE, adv. Moreover; besides ; in addition to 
what has been said. 

FURTHER-MoST, a. Most remote. 

FURTHEST, a. Most distant either in time or place. 

FURTHEST, adv. At the greatest distance. 

FURTIVE, a. [L. furtivus ; Fr. furtif] Stolen; obtained 
by theft. — Prior. 

FUR'TIVE-LY, adv. In a furtive manner ; by stealth. 

Fu'RUN-CLE (-runk-1), n. [L. furunculus.] A superficial, 
inflammatory tumor, deep red, hard, circumscribed, acj^v 
ly tender to the touch, suppurating with a central core, 
commonly called a boil. 

FO'RY, n. [L. furor, furia.] 1. A violent rushing; impetu- 
ous motion. 2. Rage ; a storm of anger ; madness ; tur- 
bulence ; fierceness ; phrensy. 3. Enthusiasm ; heat of 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— I, % I, &c, short— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARi'NE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



FUT 



437 



GAD 



the mind. — 4. In mythology, a deity, a goddess of ven- 
geance^ hence, a stormy, turbulent, violent woman. 

Fu'RY-LlKE, a. Raging ; furious ; violent. — Thomson. 

FURZE, n. [Seix.fyrs.] Gorse; whin; a thorny evergreen 
shrub of Great Britain, having beautiful yellow flowers. 

FURZT, a. Overgrown with furze ; full of gorse. 

Fu'SA-ROLE, n. [It.] In architecture, a molding generally 
placed under the echinus or quarter-round of columns in 
the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. 

FUS-Ci'TION, n. A darkening ; obscurity. 

FUS'CfTE. n. A grayish or greenish-black mineral. 

Ft'S'COUS, a. [L. fuscus.] Brown ; of a dark coloi*. 

FuSE (fuze), v. t. [L. fundo, fusum.] To melt; to liquefy 
by heat ; to render fluid ; to dissolve. 

FUSE, v. i. To be melted; to be reduced from a solid to a 
fluid state by heat. 

FuSE (fuze), n. A tube filled with combustible matter, used 
in blasting, or discharging a shell. 

FOS.ED (fuzd), pp. or a. Melted ; liquefied. 

FU-SEE', n. [Fr. f usee, fuseau.] The cone or conical part of 
a watch or clock, round which is wound the chain or cord. 

FU-SEE', n. [Fr.] 1. A small, neat musket or firelock. But 
we now use fusil. — 2. Fusee or fuse, a small pipe filled 
with combustible matter, by which fire is communicated 
slowly to the powder in a bomb or a hole drilled for blast- 
ing rocks, &c. 3. The track of a buck. 

* FU-SI-B1L1-TY, n. The quality of being fusible, or of 
being convertible from a solid to a fluid state by heat. 

* FO'Sr-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be melted or liquefied.— 

Fusible metal, an alloy of bismuth, lead, and tin, which 
melts at the heat of boiling water. — lire. 

Fu'SI-FORM, a. \~L.fusus, a spindle, and form.] Shaped 
like a spindle ; thick, tapering to each end. — Lindley. 

FO'SIL, a. [Fr. fusile; L.fusilis.] 1. Capable of being melt- 
ed or rendered fluid by heat. 2. Running ; flowing, as a 
liquid. 

* FO'SIL, n. [Fr.] 1. A light musket or firelock. 2. A 
bearing, in heraldry, of a rhomboidal figure, named from 
its shape, which resembles that of a spindle. 

FU-SIL-EER', n. Properly, a soldier armed with a fusil ; 
but in modern times, a soldier armed like others of the in- 
fantry, and distinguished by wearing a cap nearly like 
that of a grenadier. 

FuS'ING, ppr. or a. Melting. 

Fu'SION, n. [L.fusio.] 1. The actor operation of melting 
or rendering fluid by heat, without the aid of a solvent. 
2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat ; a state 
of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat. — Watery fu- 
sion, the fusion of a salt in its own water of crystallization 
_by exposure to a moderate heat. 

Fu'SOME, a. Handsome; neat; notable; tidy. — Grose. 

FUSS, n. A tumult; a bustle. [A colloquial word.] 

FUS'SOCK, n. A large, gross woman. — Grose. 

FUS'SLE. See Fuzzle. 

FUSS'Y, a. Making a fuss. [Colloquial.] 

FUST, n. [Fr. fut\ The shaft of a column, or trunk of a 
pilaster. — Gwilt. 

FUST, n. [Fr. fiit.] A strong, musty smell. 

FUST, v. i. To become moldy ; to smell ill. — Shah 

FUSTED, a. Moldy ; in-smelling. 

FUS'TET, n. [Fr. ; Sp., Port, fustete.] The wood of the 
Venice sumach, a shrub of southern Europe, affording a 
brilliant though fugitive yellow dye. 

FUSTIAN (fustyan), n. [Fr. futaine.] 1. A kind of coarse, 
thick twilled cotton cloth. Besides the common sort, 
called pillow, it embraces corduroy, velveteen, <fec. 2. An 
inflated style of writing ; a swelling style ; bombast. 

FUST'IAN, a. 1. Made of fustian.— 2. In style, swelling above 
the dignity of the thoughts or subject ; too pompous ; ri- 
diculously tumid ; bombastic. 

FUST'IAN-IST, n. One who writes bombast. 

FUS'TIC, n. [Sp. fuste.] The wood of the morus tinctoria, 
a tree growing in the West Indies ; a West Indian tree, 
affording a dingy yellow dye. The young fustic of the 
English dyers is fustet. 

FUS-TI-Ga'TION, n. [L. fustigatio.] Among the ancient 
Romans, a punishment by beating with a stick or club. 

FUST-I-LI'RI-AN, n. A low, fusty fellow ; a scoundrel. 

FUSTf-LUG ? 

FU^T'1-LUGS \ n ' ^ S ross ' f at > unwieldy person. — Junius. 

FUST I NESS,' n. A fusty state or quality ; an ill smell 
from moldiness, or moldiness itself. 

FUSTY, a. Moldy ; ill-smelling ; rank ; rancid.— Shah. 

Fu'SURE (-zhur), n. A smelting. See Fuse. 

Fu'TlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. futilis.] 1. Talkative ; loquacious ; 
tattling ; [obs.] 2. Of no weight or importance ; answer- 
ing no valuable purpose. 3. Of no effect. — Syn. Trifling; 
trivial ; frivolous ; unimportant ; useless ; worthless. 

Fu'TiLE-LY, adv. In a futile manner. 

FU-TIL1-TY, n. 1. Talkativeness; loquaciousness; loqua- 
city ; [obs.] 2. Triflingness ; unimportance ; want of 
weight or eflfect. 3. The quality of nroducing no valuable 
effect, or of coming to nothing. 



t FOTIL-OUS, a. Worthless ; trifling.— Howeh. 
FUTTOCK, n. [qu. foot-hook, or corrupted from foot-locK.\ 

In a ship, the futtocks are the middle timbers, between 

the floor and the upper timbers. 
FUTURE (fufyur), a. [L. futurus ; Fr. futur.) 1. That is to 

be or come hereafter. — 2. The future tense, in grammar, 

is the modification of a verb which expresses a future act 

or event. 
FUTURE, n. Time to come ; a time subsequent to tho 

present. 
\ Fu'TURE-LY, adv. In time to come. — Raleigh. 
FU-TU-Rl'TION (fut-yu-rish'un), n. The state of being to 

come or exist hereafter. — South. 
FU-Tu'RI-TY, n. 1. Future time ; time to come. 2. Event 

_to come. 3. The state of being yet to come. 
FuZE, n. A tube filled with combustible matter, used in 

blasting, or in discharging a shell. Same as fuse. 
FUZZ, v. t. To make drunk. [A low word.] See Fuzzle. 
FUZZ, v. i. To fly off in minute particles. 
FUZZ, n. Fine, light particles ; loose, volatile matter. 
FUZZ'-BALL, n. 1. A kind of fungus, which, when pressed, 

bursts and scatters a fine dust. 2. A puff. 
FUZ'ZLE, v. t. To intoxicate.— .Burton. 
FUZY.LED, pp. Intoxicated. 
FhZZY,a. Light and spongy. [Craven dialect. Written, 

also fozy by Brockett.] 
Ft, e-c'-mi. A word which expresses blame, dislike, disap- 

pro nation, abhorrence, or contempt. 



G. 



Gthe seventh letter, and the fifth articulation of the En- 
j glish alphabet, is derived to us, through the Latin and 
Greek, from the Assyrian languages. It has two sounds, 
one hard or close, as in gave; the other soft, likej or dzh, 
as in gem. It retains its hard sound in all cases before a, 
o, and u ; but before e, i, and y its sound is hard or soft, 
as custom has dictated, and its different sounds are not 
reducible to rules. It is silent in some words ; as, benign, 
condign. 

As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and, with 
a dash over it, G, 40,000. — In music, it is the mark of the 
treble cliff; and, from its being placed at the head, oi 
marking the first sound in Guido's scale, the whole scale 
took the name gamut, from the Greek name of the letter. 

GA, in Gothic, is a prefix, answering to ge in Saxon and oth- 
er Teutonic languages. 

GAB, n. [Scot, gab.] The mouth ; as in the phrase, the gift 
of the gab, that is, loquaciousness. [A vulgar phrase.] 

GAB, v. i. [Sax. gabban.] 1. To talk idly ; to prate. — Chau- 
cer. 2. To lie ; to impose upon. 

GAB-AR-DINE', n. [Sp. gabardina.] A coarse frock or loose 
upper garment; a mean dress. — Shak. 

GAB'BLE, v. i. [D . gabberen.] 1. To prate; to talk fast, or 
to talk without meaning. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds 
with rapidity. 

GAB'BLE, n. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning. 2. 
Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls. 

GAB'BLER, n. A prater ; a noisy talker ; one who utters 
inarticulate sounds. 

GAB'BLING, ppr. Prating ; chattering ; uttering unmean- 
ing or inarticulate sounds. 

GAB'BLING, n. The making of a confused noise ; rapid, 
indistinct utterance. — Spectator. 

GAB'BRO, n. In mineralogy, the name given by the Italians 
to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite. 

GITBEL, n. [Fr. gabelle.] A tax, impost, or duty ; usually 
an excise. — Addison. 

Gl/BEL-ER, n. A collector of the gabel, or of taxes. 

GA-BELLE', n. [Fr.] In France, a tax, particularly on salt 
— Brande. 

GI'BI-ON, n. [Fr. ; It. gabbione.] In fortification, a large 
basket of wicker-work, of a cylindrical form, filled with 
earth. 

Ga-BI-ON-NaDE', n. Obstruction by gabions. 

Ga'BLE (ga'bl), n. [W. gavael] The triangular end of a 
house or other building, from the cornice or eaves to tho 
top. In America, it is usually called the gable-end. 

Ga'BLET, n. A small ornamental gable or canopy formed 
over a tabernacle, niche, &c. — Gloss, of Ar chit. 

Ga'BRI-EL-TTES, n. pi. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of 
Anabaptists, in Pomerania; so called from one Gabriel 
Scherling. 

Ga'BRO-NiTE, n. A mineral : a variety of nephehne. — Ure. 

Ga'BY, n. A silly, foolish person. See Gawby. 

GAD, n. [Sax. gad.] 1. A sharp-pointed rod or pricking 
instrument ; a goad. Hence, 2. The point of a spear or 
arrow-head. — Shak. 3. A wedge or ingot of steel or iron. 
4. A punch of iron with a wooden handle, used by miners 
— Upon the gad, upon the spur or impulse of the moment 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in thU. t Obsolete. 



GA1 



438 



GAL 



GAD, v. i. [It. gad.] 1. To walk about ; to rove or ramble 
idly or without any fixed purpose. 2. To ramble in 
growth.— Milton. 

GAD-FLY, n. [Sax. gad and fly.] An insect of the genus 
cestrus, which stings cattle ; called, also, the breeze. 

GAD'A-BOUT, n. One who runs much abroad, without 
business. [A colloquial term.] 

GAD'DER, n. A rambler ; one who roves about idly. 

GAD'DING, ppr. Rambling ; roving ; walking about. 

GAD'DING-LY, adv. In a rambling, roving manner. — 
Huloet. 

\ GAD'LING, a. Straggling. 

Ga'DOID, a. or n. A term denoting a family of soft-finned 
fishes, of which the cod-fish is the type. — Brande. 

GAD'O-LIN-lTE, n. A rare mineral, containing yttria ; 
named from Prof. Gadolin. 

GADWALL, n. A migratory, aquatic bird, of the duck kind, 
whose flesh is excellent food. 

GaE'LIC, a. [from Gael, Gaul, Gallia.] An epithet denoting 
what belongs to the Gaels, tribes oi Celtic origin, inhabit- 
ing the Highlands of Scotland. 

GaE'LIC (galik), n. The language of the Highlanders of 
Scotland. 

GAFF, n. A fool. See Goff. 

GAFF, 71. [Ir. gaf.] 1. A light spear used by fishermen. 
2. A sort of boom or yard, extending the upper edge of a 
fore-and-aft sail. 

GAFTER, n. [Sax. gefere.] A word of respect, which 
seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or 
contempt ; [applied to an aged man or old rustic. Rare.] 

GAF'FLE (gaf'fle), n. [Sax. geaflas.] 1. An artificial spur, 
put on cocks when they are set to fight. 2. A steel lever 
to bend cross-bows. 

GAF'TY, a. Doubtful ; suspected. — Cheshire. 

GAG, v. t. [W. cegiaw.] 1. To stop the mouth by thrusting 
something into the throat, so as to hinder speaking. 2. To 
keck ; to heave with nausea. 

GAG, n. Something thrust into the mouth and throat to 
hinder speaking. 

GaGE, ti. [Fr. gage.] 1. A pledge or pawn ; something 
laid down or given as a security. — Shak. 2. Something 
thrown down as a challenge to combat, to be taken up by 
the one who accepts the challenge. 3. A measure, or rule 
of measuring; a standard. [-See Gauge.] 4. The number 
of feet which a ship sinks in the water. — 5. Among letter- 
founders, a piece of hard wood, variously notched, used 
to adjust the dimensions, slopes, fee., of the various sorts 
of letters. 6. An instrument in joinery, made to strike a 
line parallel to the straight side of a board. 7. The posi- 
tion of one vessel with respect to another. The weather- 
gage denotes a position to the windward, and the lee-gage 
a position to the leeward. Totten. — A sliding-gage, a tool 
used by mathematical instrument makers, for measuring 
and setting off distances. — Rain-gage, an instrument for 
measuring the quantity of water which falls from the 
clouds at a given place. Brande. — Sea-gage, an instrument 
for finding the depth of the sea. — Tide-gage, an instrument 
for determining the height of the tides. — Wind-gage, an 
instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any 
given surface. 

Ga6E, 77. t. 1. To pledge ; to pawn ; to give or deposit as a 
pledge or security for some other act ; to wage or wager ; 
[obsJ] 2. To bind by pledge, caution, or security ; to en- 
gage. 3. To measure ; to take or ascertain the contents 
of a vessel, cask, or ship , written, also, gauge. 

G1G.ED, pp. Pledged ; measured. 

GaG'ER, n. One who gages or measures the contents. 

GAG'GER, n. One who gags. 

GAG'GLE, v. i. [D. gaggelen.] To make a noise like a 
goose. 

GAG'GLING, n. The noise of geese. 

Ga6TNG, ppr. Pledging ; measuring the contents. 
GaIIN'iTE, n. [from Gahn.] A mineral ; automolite, which 

GAIL-LIaRDE' (gal-yard 7 ), n. [Fr.] A sprightly Italian 
dance. 

GaFLY, adv. [better written gayly.] 1. Splendidly ; with 
finely or showiness. 2. Joyfully ; merrily. 

GaIN, v. t. [Fr. gagner.] 1. To obtain by industry or the 
employment of capital ; to get, as profit or advantage ; to 
acquire. 2. To win ; to obtain by superiority or success. 
3. To obtain ; to acquire ; to procure ; to receive, as hon- 
or. 4. To obtain an increase of any thing, as time. 5. To 
obtain or receive any thing, good or bad. 6. To draw into 
any interest or party ; to win to one's side ; to conciliate. 
7. To obtain, as a suitor. — Milton. 8. To reach ; to attain 
to ; to arrive at. — To gain into, to draw or persuade to 
join in. — To gain over, to draw to another party or inter- 
est ; to win over. — To gain ground, to advance in any 
undertaking ; to prevail ; to increase. — To gain the wind, 
in sea language, is to arrive on the windward side of 
another ship. 

GaIN, v. i. 1. To have advantage or profit ; to grow rich ; 



to advance in interest or happiness. 2. To encroach ; to 
advance on ; to come forward by degrees : with on. 3. To 
advance nearer ; to gain ground, on : with on. 4. Tc g»t 
ground ; to prevail against, or have the advantage. 5. To 
obtain influence with. 

GaIN, n. [Fr. gain.] 1. Something obtained, as an advan- 
tage. 2. Unlawful advantage. 3. Overplus in computa- 
tion ; any tking opposed to loss. — Syn. Profit ; interest ; 
lucre ; emolument ; benefit 

GaIN, n. [W. gan.] In architecture, a beveling shoulder ; a 
lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving a 
timber. 

f GaIN, a. Handy ; dextrous. 

GaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained or reached. 

GaIN' AGE, n. In old laws, the same as wainage, that is, 
guainage ; the horses, oxen, and furniture of the wain, or 
the instruments for carrying on tillage ; also, the land it- 
self, or the profit made by cultivation. 

G aTNE D, pp. Obtained, as profit or advantage ; won ; drawn 
over to a party ; reached. 

GaIN'ER, 7i. One who gains or obtains profit, interest, or 
advantage. 

GaIN'FUL, a. 1. Producing profit or advantage ; profita- 
ble ; advantageous ; advancing interest or happiness. 2. 
Lucrative ; productive of money ; adding to the wealth or 
estate. 

GaIN'FUL-LY, adv. With increase of wealth ; profitably , 
advantageously. 

GaIN'FUL-NESS, n. Profit; advantage. 

t GIIN'GIV-ING, n. A misgiving ; a giving against or away. 
— Shak. 

GAINING, ppr. Obtaining by industry or activity ; reach- 
ing; winning. 

GaIN'INGS, n. pi. Acquisitions made by labor or success- 
ful enterprise. 

GaIN'LESS, a. Not producing gain ; unprofitable ; not 
bringing advantage.— Hammond. 

GaIN'LESS-NESS, n. Unprofitableness ; want of advan- 
tage. — Decay of Piety. 

t GaIN'LY, adv. Handily ; readily ; dextrously. 

* GaIN-SaY' or GaIN'SaY, v. t. [Sax. gean, or ongean, and 
say.] To contradict ; to oppose in words ; to deny or de- 
clare untrue what another says ; to controvert; to dispute. 

* GaIN-SaYED', pp. Contradicted ; denied. 
GaIN-SaY'ER., n. One who contradicts or denies what ia 

alleged ;_ an opposer. — Tit., i. 

* GaIN-SaYTNG, ppr. or a. Contradicting ; denying ; oo- 
posing. 

GaIN-SaYTNG, ti. Contradiction; opposition. 

'GAINST (genst). See Against. 

t GaIN'STAND, v. t. [Sax. gean and stand.] To withstand 

to oppose i to resist.— Sidney. 
t GaIN'STRiVE, v. i. To make resistance, 
t GAIN'STRIVE, v. t. To withstand. 
GaIR'ISH, a. [Sax. gearwian.] 1. Gaudy ; showy ; fine 

affectedly fine ; tawdry. 2. Extravagantly gay ; flighty. 
GaIRTSH-LY, adv. GaudDy ; in a showy manner. 
GaIR'ISH-NESS, n. 1. Gaudiness ; finery; ostentatious 

show. 2. Flighty or extravagant joy or ostentation. 
GUT, n. 1. A going ; a walk ; a march ; a way. — Shak. 2- 

Manner of walking or stepping. 
GaITED, a. In compounds, having a particular gait. 
GaI'TER, n. 1. A covering of cloth for the leg. 2. A kind 

of shoe, consisting chiefly of cloth, and covering th« 

ankles. 
GIl'TER, v. t. To dress with gaiters. 
Ga'LA, n. [Sp. gala.] A gala day is a day of pomp, show 

or festivity, when persons appear in their best apparel. 
GA-LAC'TIN, n. A vegetable substance obtained from the 

sap of the cow-tree of South America. 
GAL-AC-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. yaXaKros, from ya\a and nz 

rfiov.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk 

GAL-A€-TOPH'A-6IST, n. [Gr. ya^aKros, milk, and <payu>, 

to eat.] One who subsists on milk. 
GAL-AC-TOPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on milk. 
GAL-AC-TOPH'OR-OUS, a. Producing milk. 
GA-LAC-TO-POI-ETIC, a. or n. [Gr. ya\a and i:ouu>.] A 

term applied to substances which increase the flow of 

milk, 
t GA-LaGE', n. [Sp. galocha. See Galoche.] A wooder 

shoe. — Spenser. 
GA-LAN"GA, n. The specific name of the galangal. 
GA-LAN"GAL, n. An Asiatic plant, whose roots have an ar- 
omatic smell, and a hot, spicy taste. 
GAL'ANT-lNE, n. A dish of veal, chickens, or other white 

meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. 

Smart. 
GA-La'TIANS, n. pi. Inhabitants of Galatia. 
*GAL'AX-Y, n. [Gr. yaX^iaS.] 1. The milky way; that 

long, white, luminous track, which seems to encompass 

the heavens like a girdle. 2. An assemblage of splendid 

persons or things. — Bp. Hall. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, I &c, short.— F A R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARYNE, BIRD ;— MOVE. BOQK, 



GAL 



439 



GAL 



GAL'BA-N UM, ? n. The inspissated juice of an umbellifer- 
^ GAL'BAN, 3 ous plant used in medicine. It has a dis- 
agreeable odor, and a sharp, bitter taste. 

GALE, n. [Dan. gal ; Ir. gal.] A current of air ; a strong 
wind. — In the language of seamen, the word gale, unac- 
companied by an epithet, signifies a vehement wind, a 
storm, or tempest Mar. Diet. — Syn. Breeze ; blast; puff"; 
gust. 

GiLE, n. A plant growing in bogs. — Smart. 

GiLE, v. i. In seamen's language, to sail, or sail fast. 

GI'LE-A, n. [L. galea, a helmet.] A genus of sea hedge- 
hogs. 

GAL'E-AS, n. A large Venetian galley. See Galliass. 

Gi'LE-ATE, \a. [L. galeatus] 1. Covered as with a 

Gi'LE-i-TED, ) helmet. — 2. In botany, having a flower 
like a helmet, as the monk's-hood. 

GA-LEE'TO, n. A fish of the genus blennius. 

GA-Le'NA, n. [Gr. ya'Xnvn.] 1. Originally, the name of the 
theriaca. 2. Sulphuret of lead ; the common ore of lead. 

GA-LEN'IC, ? a. 1. Pertaining to or containing galena. 

GA-LEN'I€-AL, } 2. Relating to Galen, an ancient physi- 
cian, or to the remedies which he used. 

Ga'LEN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Galen. 

Gi'LEN-IST, n. A follower of Galen. 

GAL-E-RIC'U-LATE, a. Covered, as with a hat.— Smart. 

GAL'ER-iTE, n. A genus of fossil shells. 

GA-LIC'I-AN (ga-lish'e-an), a. Pertaining to Galicia. 

GAL-I-Le'AN, n. A native or inhabitant of Galilee. Also, 
one of a sect among the Jews. 

GAL-I-LE'AN TEL'E-SCOPE. See Telescope. 

GAL'I-LEE, n. A porch or chapel, usually at the west end 
of a church. — Gloss, of Arckit. 

GAL-I-MA'TIAS (-ma'sha), n. [Fr.] Nonsense. See Galli- 

MATIA. 

GAL'I-OT (gal'e-ot), n. [Fr. galiote.] 1. A small galley, or 
sort of brigantine, built for chase. 2. Qaliot, or galliott, a 
Dutch vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizzen-mast. 

GAL'I-POT, n. [Sp.] A white, viscid resin found on fir-trees. 

GALL, n. [Sax. gealla ; G. galle.] 1. In the animal econo- 
my, a bitter, bottle-green fluid, secreted by the gall-blad- 
der beneath the liver. 2. Any thing extremely bitter. 3. 
Rancor ; malignity. 4. Anger ; bitterness of mind. 

GALL, n. [L. galla ; Sax. gealla.] 1. A hard, round excres- 
cence on a kind of oak-tree in certain warm climates, said 
to be the nest of an insect called cynips. It is used in 
making ink. — 2. Gall of glass, also called sandiver, the neu- 
tral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted glass. — 
Ure. 

GALL, v. t. In dyeing, to impregnate with a decoction of 
gall-nuts. — Ure. 

GALL, v. t. [Fr. galer.] 1. To fret and wear away by fric- 
tion ; to excoriate ; to hurt or break the skin by rubbing. 
2. To impair ; to wear away. 3. To tease ; to fret ; to 
vex ; to chagrin. 4. To wound ; to break the surface of 
any thing by rubbing. 5. To injure ; to harass ; to annoy. 

GALL, v. i. To fret ; to be teased. — Shah. 

GALL, n. A wound in the skin by rubbing. 

GALL'-BLAD-DER, n. A small membranous sack, shaped 
like a pear, seated on the under side of the liver, and se- 
creting a thickish, dark, bottle-green fluid, extremely bit- 
ter, called gall. 

GALL'-FLY, n. The insect that punctures plants, and oc- 
casions galls ; the cynips. — Encyc. 

GALL'-IN'SECT, n. A name common to a family of in- 
sects, including the cochineal insect. — Brande. 

GALL-NUT, n. An excrescence on a species of oak, used 
in dyeing, making ink, &c. See Gall. 

GALL'-SICK-NESS, n. A remitting bilious fever in Holland, 

GALL'-SToNE, n. A concretion formed in the gall-bladder 

(JAL'LANT, a. [Fr. galant; Sp. galante.] 1. Gay; well 
dressed; showy; splendid; magnificent; [obs.] 2. Man 
ifesting intrepidity or bravery, as a soldier. 3. Fine ; no 
ble. — Shalt. 4. Showing politeness and attention to ladies, 

GAL-LANT, a. Courtly ; civil ; polite and attentive to la 
dies; courteous. 

GAL-LANT, n. 1. A gay, sprightly man ; a courtly or fash 
ionable man. 2. A man who is polite and attentive to la- 
dies ; one who attends upon ladies at parties or to places 
of amusement. 3. A wooer ; a lover ; a suitor. — 4. In an 
ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd purposes. 

GAL-LANT, v. t. 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady. 2. To 
handle with grace or in a modish manner. 

GAL-LA NT'ED, pp. Attended or waited on, as a lady. 

GAL-LANT'ING, ppr. Waited on by a gentleman. 

GAL'LANT-LY, adv. 1. Gayly ; splendidly. 2. Bravely; 
nobly ; heroically ; generously. 

GAL-LANTLY, adv. In the manner of a wooer. 

GAL'LANT-NESS, n. Elegance or completeness of an ac- 
quired qualification. — Howell. 

GAL'LANT-RY, n. [Sy.galanteria; Fr. galanterie.] 1. Splen- 
dor of appearance ; show ; magnificence ; ostentatious 
finery ; [obs.] 2. Bravery ; courageousness ; heroism ; in- 
trepidity ; boldness ; daring ; courage. 3. Nobleness ; gen- 

"~D6VE 



erosity. 4. Civility or polite attentions to ladies. 5. Vi- 
cious love or pretensions to love ; civilities paid to females 
for the purpose of winning favors ; hence, lewdness ; de- 
bauchery. 

GAL'LATE, n. A salt formed by the gallic acid combined 
with a base. — Lavoisier. 

GAL'LE-ASS. See Galliass. 

GALLED, pp. Having the skin or surface worn or torn by 
wearing or rubbing ; fretted ; teased ; injured ; vexed. 

GAL'LE-ON, n. [Sp. galeon.] A large ship with three or 
four decks, formerly used by the Spaniards to transport 
gold and silver from Mexico and Peru to Spain. 

GAL'LER-Y, n. [Fr. galerie.] 1. In architecture, a covered 
part of a building, commonly in the wings, used as an am- 
bulatory or place for walking. 2. An ornamental walk or 
apartment in gardens, formed by trees. — 3. In churches, a 
floor elevated on columns, and furnished with pews or 
seats. A similar structure in a play-house. — 4. In fortifica- 
tion, a covered walk across the ditch of a town, made of 
beams covered with planks and loaded with earth. — 5. In 
a mine, a narrow passage or branch of the mine carried 
under ground. — 6. In a ship, a frame like a balcony. — 7. In 
the fine arts, a term applied to a collection of works in 
painting or sculpture. — Brande. 

GAL'LE-TYLE, n. Gallipot.— Bacon. 

GAL'LEY, n. ; pi. Galleys. [Sp. galera.] 1. A low, fiatr 
built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and 
oars ; formerly used in the Mediterranean, and rowed by 
prisoners or convicts. 2. A place of toil and misery. 3. 
A fight, open boat, used on the River Thames by custom- 
house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure. 4. The cook- 
room or kitchen of a ship of war. 5. An oblong reverber- 
atoxy furnace, with a row of retorts. 

GAL'LEY, ) n. In printing, a frame which receives the 

GAL'LY, > types from the composing stick. — Ask. 

GAL'LEY-FOIST, n. A barge of state.— Hakewell. 

GAL'LEY-SLaVE, n. A person condemned for a crime to 
work at the oar on board of a galley. 

t GAL'LIARD (gal'yard), a. [Fr. gaillard.] Gay brisk : act- 
ive. — Chaucer. 

t GAL'LIARD, n. A brisk, gay man ; also, a lively dance — 
Bacon. See Gailliarde. 

t GAL'LIARD-iiSE, n. Merriment ; excessive gayety 

f GAL'LIARD-NESS, n. Gayety.— Gayton. 

GAL 'LI-ASS, n. A heavy, low-built vessel with two rnasta. 
and having both sails and oars. — Shah. 

GAL'LIC, a. [Gallia.] Pertaining to Gaul or France. 

GAL'LLG, a. [from gall.] Belonging to galls or oak apples 
derived from galls ; as, gallic acid. 

GAL'LI€-AN, a. [L. Gallicus.] Pertaining to Gaul or France. 

GAL'LI-ClSM, n. [Fr. Gallicisme.] A mode of speech pe- 
culiar to the French nation ; a French idiom. 

GAL'LI-ClZE, v. t. To render conformable to the French 
idiom or language. 

GAL-LI-GAS'KINS, n. pi. [qu. Caligtz Vasconum.] Large 
open hose ; [used only in ludicrous language.] 

GAL-LI-Ma'TIA, n. Nonsense ; talk without meaning. 

GAL-LI-MAU'FRY, n. [Fr. galimafree.] 1. A hash ; a dish 
consisting of different meats ; a hodge-podge ; [little used.] 
2 Any inconsistent or ridiculous medley. 3. A woman ; 
[obs.] 

GAL-LI-Na'CEOUS (gal-le-na'shus), a. [Ij.gallinaceus.] Des- 
ignating that order of birds called gallinez, including the 
domestic fowls or those of the pheasant kind. 

GAL-Ll'N,E, n. pi. [L.] See Gallinaceous. 

GALL'ING, ppr. 1. Fretting the skin; excoriating. 2. a. 
Adapted to fret or chagrin ; vexing. 

GALL'ING, n. A fretting or wearing of the skin by friction. 

GAL'LI-NIP-PER, n. A large musquito. 

GAL'LI-NULE, n. [L. gallinula.] The water-hen, a bird al 
bed to the coot and rail. 

GAL'LI-OT, \ VaankTrnm 

GAL'LE-OT. 5 See Galiot - 

GAL-LIP'O-Ll-OIL, n. An inferior kind of olive-oil brought 
from Gallipoli, in the Kingdom of Naples. 

GAL'LI-POT, n. [D.gleye and pot.] A small pot or vessel 
painted and glazed, used for containing medicines. 

GAL-LIT'ZIN-lTE, n. Rutile, an ore of titanium. 

GAL'LI-VAT, n. A small vessel used on the Malabar coast 

GALL'LESS, a. Free from gall or bitterness. 

GAL'LON, n. [Sp. galon.] A measure of capacity for dry 
or liquid things, but usually for liquids, containing four 
quarts. — In England, the old wine gallon contains 231 
cubic inches, the old corn gallon 268^., the old ale eral- 
lon 282, and the new imperial gallon 277^.— P. Cyc " 

GAL-LOON', n. [Fr. galon.] A kind of close lace made of 
gold or silver, or of silk only. 

GAL-LOON ED', a. Furnished or adorned with galloon 
Carlisle. 

GAL'LOP, v. I [Fr. galoper.] 1. To move or run with leaps 
or bounds, as a horse ; to run or move with speed. 2. To 
ride with a galloping pace. 3. To move very fast ; to run 



BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this. {Obsolete 



GAM 



440 



GAN 



GAI/LOP, n. The movement or pace of a quadruped, par- 
ticularly of a horse, by springs, reaches, or leaps. 
GAL-LOP-aDE', n. A kind of dance ; and also a kind of 

music appropriate to the dance. 
GAL'LOP-ER, n. 1. A horse that gallops ; also, a man that 
gallops or makes haste. — 2. In artillery, a carriage on which 
very small guns are conveyed. — Brande. 
t GAL'LO-PIN, n. [Fr.] A servant for the kitchen. 
GAL'LOP-ING, ppr. or a. Riding or moving with a gallop. 
* GAL'LoW^ v. t. [Sax. agalwan.] To fright or terrify. 
GAL'LO-WaY, n. A horse, or species of horses, of a small 
size, originally bred in Galloway, in Scotland. 

GAL'LoW-GLaSS, n. An ancient Irish foot soldier. 
GAL'L6WS, n. ; pi. Gallowses. [Sax. galg, gealga.] 1. 
An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are exe- 
cuted by hanging. 2. A wretch that deserves the gallows. 
—Shak. ; [not used.]— 3. In the plural, a pair of pantaloon 
suspenders ; [colloquial.] 

GAL'L6WS-FREE, a. Free from danger of the gallows.— 
Dryden. 

GAL'LoW-TREE, n. The tree of execution.— Spenser. 

GALLS, n. pi. Wounds or excoriations produced by the 
friction of harness. 

GALL'Y, a. Like gall ; bitter as gall. — Cranmer. 

GAL'L Y, n. [Port. gale. ] A printer's frame to receive types 
from the composing-stick. See Galley. 

GAL'L Y-W6RM, n. An insect of the centiped kind. 

GA-LocHE', n. [Fr., from Sp. galocha.] A patten, clog, or 
wooden shoe, or a shoe to be worn over another shoe, to 
keep the foot dry. It is wrirten, also, galoshe. 

GA-LORE', n, [Ir. gleire.] In old writers, plenty ; abundance. 
Still used by seamen. — Sm&~1.. 

(■ GAL'SoME (gawl'sum), a. Angry ; malignant. 

GALT, n. A stiff, blue marl of the chalk formation. 

GAL-VAN'I-G, a. Pertaining to galvanism ; containing or ex- 
hibiting it. 

GAL'VAN-ISM, n. [from Galvani, of Bologna, the discover- 
er.] Electrical phenomena, in which the electricity is de- 
veloped without the aid of friction, and in which a chemical 
action takes place between certain bodies. — Edin. Encyc. 

GAL'VAN-IST, n. One versed in galvanism. 

GAL'VAN-lZE, v. t. To affect with galvanism. 

GAL'VAN-lZ_ED, pp. or a. Affected with galvanism. 

GALVAN-IZ.ED l-RON. A name given to sheets of iron 
which are first dipped into melted zinc, and then into 
melted tin, and are thus prepared, by the supposed gal- 
vanic agency of these metals, to resist oxydation. 

GAL'VAN-lZ-ING. ppr. Affecting with galvanism. 

GAL-VAN-OL'O-GlST, n. One who describes the phenom- 
ena of galvanism. 

GAL-VAN-OL'0-gY, n. A treatise on galvanism, or a de- 
scription of its phenomena. 

GAL-VAN-OM'E-TER, \n. An instrument for measuring 

GAL-VAN'0-S€OPE, 5 the force or detecting the pres- 
ence of minute quantities of galvanic electricity. 

GX'MA-GRaSS, n. A tall, stout, and exceedingly produc- 
tive grass, said to admit of being cut six times in a season. 
— Farm. Encyc. 

GA-MASH'ES, n. pi. Short spatterdashes, similar to gaiters. 

GAM-Ba'DoES, n. pi. Leather coverings for the legs in rid- 
ing on horseback. 

GAM'BET, n. An Arctic bird of the size of the greenshank. 

GAM'BIT, a. In chess, a term applied to a game begun by 
moving the king's or queen's pawn two squares, with the 
intention of moving the adjoining bishop's pawn two 
squares also, thus leaving the first moved, or gambit pawn, 
undefended. — Smart. 

GAM'BI-SON, n. [Fr.] A stuffed doublet, worn under armor. 

GAM'BLE (gam'bl), v. i. To play or game for money. 

GAM'BLE, v. t. To gamble away, is to squander by gaming. 

GAMBLED, pret. of gamble. 

GAM'BLER, n. One who games or plays for money or oth- 
er stake. 

GAMBLING, ppr. Gaming for money. 

GAM'BLING, n. The act or practice of gaming for money. 

GAM-BogE', n. A concrete vegetable juice, or inspissated 
sap, brought from Cambodja, or Cambodia, in Asia, much 
used as a yellow pigment. 

GAM-Bo'Gl-AN, a. Pertaining to gamboge. 

GAM'BOL, v. i. [Fr. gambillerJ] 1. To dance and skip about 
in sport ; to frisk ; to leap ; to play in frolic. 2. To leap ; 
to start. 

GAM'BOL, n. A skipping or leaping about in frolic ; a skip ; 
a hop ; a leap ; a sportive prank. 

GAM'BOL-ING, ppr. Leaping ; frisking ; playing pranks. 

GAM'BREL, n. [It. gamba.) 1. The bind leg of a horse. 
Hence, 2. A stick crooked like a horse's leg, used by butch- 
ers. A curb roof is called a gambrel-roof. 

GAM'BREL, v. t. To tie by the leg.— Beaumont and Fletcher. 

GaME, n. [Ice. gaman ; Sax. gamen.] 1. Sport of any kind ; 
diversion ; amusement ; pastime. 2. Jest ; opposed to 
earnest; [not used.] 3. An exercise or play for amuse- 



ment or winning a stake. 4. A single match at play. 5, 
Advantage in play ; as, to play the ^ame into another'* 
hand. 6. Scheme pursued ; measures planned. 7. Field 
sports ; the chase, falconry, &c. 8. Animals pursued or 
taken in the chase, or in the sports of the field. — 9. In an- 
tiquity, games were public diversions or contests exhibit- 
ed as spectacles. 10. Mockery ; sport ; derision. 
GaME, v. i. [Sax. gamian.] 1. To play at any sport or di- 
version. 2. To play for a stake or prize. 3. To practice 
gaming. 
GaME'-€0€K, n. A cock bred or used to fight ; a cock 

kept for barbarous sport. — Locke. 
GIME'-EGG, n. An egg from which a fighting-cock ia 

bred. — Garth. 
GiME'-KEEP-ER, n. One who has the care of game. 
GaME'-LEG, n. [a corruption of gam, or cam, crooked, and 

leg.] A lame leg. 
GaME'FUL, a. Full of game or games. 

GaME'LESS, a. Destitute of game. 

GaME'SoME, a. Gay ; sportive ; playful ; frolicsome. 

GAME'S6ME-LY, adv. Merrily ; playfully. 

GaME'S6ME-NESS, n. Sportiveness ; merriment. 

GIME'STER, n. 1. A person addicted to gaming ; a gam 
bier. 2. One engaged at play. 3. A merry, frolicsome* 
person ; [not used.] 4. A prostitute ; [not in use.] 

GaM'ING, ppr. Playing ; sporting ; playing for money. 

GaM'ING, n. 1. The act or art of playing any game in » 
contest for a victory, or for a prize or stake. 2. The prac 
tice of gamesters. 

GaM'ING-HOUSE, n. A house where gaming is practiced. 
— Blackstone. 

GaM'ING-Ta-BLE, n. A table appropriated to gaming. 

GAM-MAR'O-LlTE, n. A petrified crawfish or other crua 
taceous animal. 

GAM'MER, n. [Sw. gammal.] The compellation of an ola 
woman, answering to gaffer, applied to an old man. 

GAM'MON, n. [It. gamba.] 1. The buttock or thigh of a 
hog, pickled and smoked, or dried ; a smoked ham. 2. A 
game, called, usually, backgammon. 3. An imposition or 
hoax. 

GAM'MON, v. t. 1. To make bacon ; to pickle and dry in 
smoke. 2. To fasten a bowsprit to the stem of a ship by 
several turns of a rope. 

GAM'MON, v. t. 1. In the gome of backgammon, the party 
that, by fortunate throws of the dice, or by superior skill 
in moving, withdraws all his men from the board before 
his antagonist has been able to get his men home and 
withdraw any of them from his table, gammons his antag- 
onist. 2. To impose on a person by making him believe 
improbable stories ; to humbug. — Dickens. 

GAM'MON ED, pp. See the verb. 

GAM'MON-ING, ppr. See the verb. 

GAM'MON-ING, n. The lashing by which the bowsprit of 
a vessel is secured to the stem. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

GAM-O-PET'AL-OUS, a. A term applied to the corol of a 
flower when the petals cohere by their margins so as to 
form a tube. — Lindlcy. 

GAM-O-SEP'AL-OUS, a. A term applied to the calyx of a 
flower when the sepals cohere by their edges so as to 
form a tube. — Lindley. 

GAM'UT, n. [Sp. gamma.] 1. A scale on which notes In 
music are written or printed. 2. The first or gravest note 
in Guido's scale of music, the modern scale. 

GAN. A contraction of began. [Sax. gynnan.] 

GANCH, v. t. [It. gancio.] To drop from a high place on 
sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks do malefactors. 

GANCH'ING, n. The act of letting one fall' on sharp stakes 
or hooks ; a Turkish punishment of criminals. 

GANDER, n. [Sax. gandra.] The male of the goose. 

GANG, v. i. [Sax. gangan.] To go ; to walk. [Scottish.] 

GANG, n. [Sax., D., Dan., G. gang ; Goth, gagg.] 1. A 
company, or a number of persons associated for a partic 
ular purpose ; a crew or band. — 2. In seamen's language* 
a select number of a ship's crew, appointed on a particu 
lar service, under a suitable officer. — 3. In mining, literally, 
a course or vein ; appropriately, an earthy, stony, saline, or 
combustible substance, which contains the ore of metals. 
[This is commonly, but in violation of etymology, written 
gangue.] 

GANG'-BoARD, n. 1. A board or plank, with cleats for 
steps, used for walking into or out of a boat. 2. A term 
applied to planks placed within or without the bulwarks 
of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk or stand on. — 
Totten. 

GANG'-DaYS, n. pi. Days of perambulation. 

GANG'- WEEK, n. Rogation week, when processions are 
made to lustrate the bounds of parishes. 

GANG'HORN, n. A flower.— Ainsworth. 

GAN"GLI-A€ (gang'gle-ak), a. Relating to a ganglion. 

GAN"GLI-ON, n. [Gr. yayyliov.] 1. In anatomy, a healthy 
and natural enlargement occurring somewhere on the 
course of a nerve 2. An encysted tumor situated some- 
where on a tendon. 



ike Synopsis. A, K, I, &c, long.— 1, e, % &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



GAR 



441 



GAR, 



GAN"GLi-ON-A-RY, a. Composed of ganglions. 

GAN"GLI-ON'I€ ; a. Pertaining to a ganglion ; as, the gan- 
glionic nerves.— Prout. 

GAN"GRE-NXTE, v. t. To produce a gangrene. 

GAN"GRE-Na-TED, pp. Mortified. 

GAN"GRE-N a-TING, ppr. Mortifying. 

GAN"GRENE, n. [Fr. ; L. gangrana.] A mortification of 
living tiesh. or of some part of a living animal body. 

GAN"GRENE (gang'green), v. t. To mortify. 

GAN"GRENE. v. i. To become mortified. 

GAN"GReNED, pp. Mortified. 

GAN'GRE-NES'CENT, a. Tending to mortification. 

GAN"GReN-ING, ppr. Mortifying. 

GAN"GRE-NOUS, a. Mortified ; indicating mortification of 
living tiesh. 

GANGUE (gang), n. [Ger. gang, a vein.] The mineral sub- 
stance which incloses any metallic ore in the vein. — Ure. 
[Gang would, etymologically, be the more correct spell- 
ing] 

GANGWAY, re. 1. A passage, way, or avenue into or out 
of any inclosed place. 2. The part of a vessel on the spar- 
deck, forming a passage along each side, from the quarter- 
deck to the. forecastle ; more properly called the waist. — 
To bring to the gangway, among seamen, to infiict punish- 
ment on a seaman by tying him up and whipping him in 
the waist or at the gangway, the usual place of punish- 
ment. — Totten. 

GAN'IL, n. A kind of brittle limestone. — Kirw'an. 

GAN'NET, n. [Sax. ganot.) The solan goose, a northern 
sea-fowl, allied to the pelican, and belonging to the same 
genus with the booby. 

GX'NOID, la. Pertaining to the order of fishes called 

GA-NOID'I-AN, 5 ganoidians. 

GA-NOID'I-ANS, n. pi. [Gr. yavos and e«5o?.] An order of 
fishes having angular scales, covered with bright enamel, as 
the sturseon.— Agassiz. 

GANT'LET, ) n. Originally, a kind of military punish- 

GANT'LOPE, 5 ment. it consisted in compelling a person 
to run, usually with the upper part of his body naked, be- 
tween two lines of persons armed with rods or some oth- 
er instrument of punishment, who inflicted blows as he 
passed. A similar punishment is used on board of ships. 
This word is chiefly used in the phrase, to run the gant- 
let or gantlope. 

GAN'ZA, n. [Sp. ganso.) A kind of wild goose. 

jJaOL (jale), re. [Fr. geule ; Ann. geol, or jol ; W. geol] A 
prison ; a place for the confinement of debtors and crim- 

AIOL ( jale), v. t. To imprison ; to confine in orison. 

GaOL-DE-LIV'ER-Y (jale-de-liv'er-y), n. A judicial pro- 
cess for clearing jails of criminals, by trial and condemna- 
tion or acquittal. 

GaOL'ER (jaler), n. The keeper of a gaol or prisoner ; a 
jailer. 

GAP, n. 1. An opening in any thing made by breaking or 
parting ; a cleft or break. 2. A breach. 3. Any avenue 
or passage ; way of entrance or departure. 4. A breach ; 
a defect; a flaw; as, a gap in honor or reputation. 5. 
Any opening, interstice, or vactuty. 6. A hiatus ; a chasm. 
—To stop a gap, to secure a weak point ; to repair a de- 
fect. — To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the pro- 
tection of something. 

GAP'-TOOTHED, a. Having interstices between the teeth. 
— Dryden. 

GAPE, v. i. (pro. gape to a limited extent in Eng.) [Sax. 
geapan.] 1. To open the mouth wide, from sleepiness, 
drowsiness, or dullness ; to yawn. 2. To open the mouth 
for food, as young birds. — 3. To gape for or after, to desire 
earnestly ; to crave ; to look and long for. — To gape at, in 
a like sense, is hardly correct. 4. To open in fissures or 
crevices. 5. To have a hiatus. 6. To open the mouth in 
wonder or surprise ; to stare or gaze with astonishment. 
7. To utter sound with open throat. 8. To open the 
mouth with hope or expectation. 9. To open the mouth 
with a desire to injure or devour. 

GAPE, re. 1. A gaping. — 2. In zoolosry, the width of the 
mouth when opened, as of a bird, fish, &c.—The gapes, a 
disease of young poultry, attended with much gaping. 

GAP'ER, re. 1. One who gapes; a yawner. 2. One who 
opens his mouth for wonder and stares foolishly. 3. One 
who longs or craves. 4. A fish with six or seven bands, 
and tail undivided. 

GXP'ING, ppr. or a. Opening the mouth wide from sleepi- 
ness, dullness, wonder, or admiration ; yawning ; opening 
in fissures ; craving. 

t GAR, v. t. To cause or make. — Spenser. 

GAR. 1. In Saxon, a dart, a weapon ; as in Edgar, or Ead- 
gar, a happy weapon ; Ethelgar, noble weapon. 2. Sev- 
eral kinds of fish are known by this name. 

GAR'A-GaY, n. A rapacious bird of Mexico. 

GAR'AN-ClNE, re. An extract of madder by means of sul- 
phuric acid, prepared in France. — Ure. 

GARB, n. [Fr. garbe.] 1. Dress; clothes; habit. 2. Fash- 



ion or mode of dress. 3. Exterior appearance ; looks.- - 
Shak. 4. [Sp. garba.] In heraldry, a sheaf of grain. 

GAR'BAgE, n. The bowels of an animal ; refuse parts of 
flesh; offal. — Dryden. 

GAR'BAgED, a. Stripped of the bowels.— Sherwood. 

GaRB£D, a. Dressed ; habited. 

GAR'BEL, n. The plank next the keel of a ship. See Ga* 

BOARD-STREAK. 

GAR'BISH, v. t. To exenterate.— Barret. 
GAR'BISH, re. Corrupted from garbage. — Mortimer. 
GARBLE, v. t. [Sp. garbillar.] Originally, to separate th« 

fine or valuable parts of a substance from the useleai 

parts. — In present usage, to pick out or separate such parte 

from a whole as may serve a purpose"; as, to garble a 

quotation. 
GARBLED, pp. or a. Sifted ; bolted ; separated ; culled 

out to serve a purpose ; as, a garbled quotation. 
GAR'BLER, n. 1. One who garbles, sifts, or separates. 2. 

One who picks out or selects to serve a purpose, as in 

making quotations. 
GARBLES (-biz), n. pi. The dust, soil, or filth severed from 

good spices, drugs, &c. — Cyc. 
GAR'BLING, ppr. Sifting ; separating ; sorting ; culling. 
GaR'BoARD, re. The garboard plank, in a ship, is the first 

plank fastened on the keel on the outside. — Garboard- 

streak, in a ship, is the first range or streak of planks laid 

on a ship's bottom, next the keel, 
t GaR'BOIL, re. [Old Fr. garbouil ; It. garbuglio.] Tumult ; 

uproar. 
GARD. See Guard and Ward. 
GARDEN, re. [G. garten ; W. garth; It. giardino ; Sp., Fr 

jardin.] 1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cultiva- 

tion of herbs, or plants, fruits, and flowers. 2. A rich, well- 
cultivated spot or tract of country ; a delightful spot. 
GaR'D £N, a. Pertaining to or produced in a garden. 
GaR'D EN, v. i. To lay out and to cultivate a garden. 
GaRDEN-MoLD, re. Mold fit for a garden. — Mortimer. 
GaR'D EN-PLOT, re. The plot or plantation of a garden.- - 

Milton. 
GaR'D EN-STUFF, re. Plants growing in a garden ; vegeta 

bles for the table. [Colloquial.] 
GaR'DEN-TIL'LAgE, re. Tillage used in cultivating gar 

dens, 
t GaR'D EN-WaRE, re. The produce of gardens. 
GaPl'DENED, pp. Dressed and cultivated as a garden. 
GAR'DEN-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make, tend, 

and dress a garden. 
GaR'D EN-ING. ppr t . Cultivating or tilling a garden. 
GaR'D EN-ING, re. * The act of laying out and cultivating 

gardens ; horticulture. — Encyc. 
GXR'D EN-LESS, a. Destitute of a garden.— Shelley. 
GaR'DON, re. A fish of the roach kind. 
GaRE, n. Coarse wool growing on the legs of sheep. 
GARFISH, I re. A marine fish. — In America, the name of 
GaR, 5 several fishes with long, pointed, bony snouts. 

— Haldeman. 
GAR'GA-RISM, re. [L. gargarismus.] A gargle ; any liquid 

preparation used to wash the mouth and throat. 
GAR/GA-RiZE, v. t. [Fr. gargariser.] To wash or rinse the 

mouth with any medicated liquor. 
GAR'GET, re. A disease in the udders of cows; also in 

hogs. 
GaR'GIL, re. A distemper in the heads of geese. — Encyc. 
GaR'GLE, v. t. [Fr. gargouiller.] 1. To wash the throat 

and mouth with a liquid preparation, which is kept from 

descending into the stomach by a gentle expiration of air. 

2. To warble ; to play in the throat ; [not usual.] 
GaR'GLE, n. Any liquid preparation for washing the mouth 

and throat. — Wiseman. • 

GaR'GLED, pp. Washed, as the throat. 
GaR'GLING. ppr. Washing, as the throat. 
GAR'GLING, re. The act of washing the throat with a gar- 

GARGOYLE, re. [Fr. gargouille.] The spout of a gutter rn 
ancient buildings, frequently representing a part of the 
human fiirure, or some animal with the water issuing from 
the mouth ; [obs.] Also spelled gargle, gargyle, gurgoyle. 

GAR'GOL, n. A distemper in swine. — Mortimer. 

GARISH, a. See Gairish. 

GAR'LAND, re. [Fr. guirlande.] 1. A wreath or chaplet 
made of branches or flowers. 2. An ornament of flowers, 
fruits, and leaves intermixed, anciently used at the gates 
of temples. 3. The top ; the principal thing. — Shak. 4. 
A collection of little printed pieces. Percy. — 5. In ships 
a sort of bag of net-work used by sailors to keep provi- 
sions in. 

GaR'LAND, v. t. To deck with a garland. — Berc Jonson 

GXR/LAND-ED, pp. Adorned with a garland. 

GaRDAND-ING, ppr. Decking; with a garland. 

GAR'LAND-LESS. a. Destitute of a garland. 

GARLIC, re. fSax. gnrlcc or gar leac.]' A plant of the genu* 
allium, havinsr a bulbous root and strong smell. 

GAR'LI€-EAT-ER, a. A low fellow.— Shak. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"ClOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; Til as in this. * Obsolete. 



GAS 



442 



GAT 



G1RTIC PEAR-TREE, n. A tree in Jamaica, the cratera. 

GaR'LI€K-Y, a. Like or containing garlic. 

GaR'MENT, n. [Norm, garnament\ Any article of cloth- 
ing, as a coat, a gown, &c. — Garments, in the plural, de- 
notes clothing in general ; dress. 

GaR'NER, n. [F. grenier.] A granary ; a building or place 
where grain is stored for preservation. 

GaR'NER, v. t. To store in a granary. — Shak. 

GaR'NERSD, pp. Deposited in a garner. 

GaR'NER-ING, ppr. Storing in a garner. 

GaR'NET, n. [It. granato ; Fr. grenat.] 1. A common min- 
eral, usually occurring in symmetrical, twelve-sided crys- 
tals of a deep-red color. It consists principally of silica, 
alumina, and lime. When transparent, it is used as a 
gem. Dana. — 2. In ships, a sort of tackle fixed to the 
main-stay. 

GaRTSTISH, v. t. [Fr. garnir.] 1. To adorn ; to decorate 
with appendages ; to set oft". — 2. In cookery, to embellish 
with something laid round a dish. 3. To fit with fetters ; 
[a cant term.] 4. To furnish ; to supply. — 5. In law, to 
warn ; to give notice. See Gabnishee. 

GaR'NISH, n. 1. Ornament ; something added for embel- 
lishment ; decoration. — 2. In cookery, something round a 
dish as an embellishment. — 3. In jails, fetters ; [a cant 
term.] — 4. Pensiuncula carceraria, entrance money de- 
manded by the old prisoners of one just committed to 
jail. — Grose. 

GAR'NISHED (gar'nisht), pp. 1. Adorned ; decorated ; em- 
bellished. 2. Furnished. 3. Warned ; notified. 

GaR-NISH-EE', n. In law, one in whose hands the property 
of an absconding or absent debtor is attached. — Bouvier. 

GaR'NISH-ER, n. One who decorates. — Sherwood. 

GaR'NISH-ING, ppr. . Adorning; decorating; warning. 

GiR'NISH-ING, n. That which eamishes ; ornament. 

GaR'NISH-MENT, n. 1. Ornament ; embellishment. 2. 
Warning ; legal notice to the agent or attorney of an ab- 
sconding debtor to appear in court. 3. A fee. 

GaR'NI-TEJRE, n. Ornamental appendages ; embellish- 
ment ; furniture ; dress. — Addison. — Beattie. 

Ga'ROUS, a. [ L. garum.] Pertaining to garum ; resembling 
pickle made of fish. — Brown. 

GAR'RAN, In. [Ir. garran.] A small horse; a highland 

GAR'RON, ) horse ; a hack; a jade ; a galloway. — Temple. 

GAR/RET, n. [Scot, garret.] 1. That part of a house which 
is on the upper floor, immediately under the roof. 2. 
Rotten wood ; [obs.] 

GAR'RET-ED, a. Protected by turrets.— Carew. 

SAR-RET-EER', n. An inhabitant of a garret ; a poor author. 

GAR'RI-SON (gar're-sn), n. [Fr. garntson.] 1. A body of 
troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. 2. A fort, 
castle, or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend 
it. 3. The state of being placed in a fortification for its 
defense. — Spenser. 4. It is sometimes synonymous with 
winter-quarters. 

GAR'RI-SON, v. t. 1. To place troops in a fortress for its 
defense ; to furnish with soldiers. 2. To secure or de- 
fend by fortresses manned with troops. 

GAU/RI-SONED, pp. Furnished with troops in a fort for 
defense. 

GAR/RI-S ON-ING, ppr. Furnishing with troops in a fortress 
for defense. 

GAR-RoTE'. n. A punishment in Spain by strangling the 
condemned with an iron collar which is tightened by a 
screw.— Brande. 

GAR-Ru'LI-TY, n. [L. garrulitas.] Talkativeness ; loquaci- 
ty ; the practice or habit of talking much ; a babbling or 
tattling. 

GAR'RU-LOUS, a. Talkative; prating.— Thomson. 

GAR'RU-LOUS-LY, adv. In a talkative manner. 

GiR'TER, n. [Fr. jarretiere.] 1. A string or band used to' 
tie a stocking to the leg. 2. The badge of the highest 
order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the order of 
the garter, instituted by Edward III. Hence, the order it- 
self. 3. The principal king at arms. 4. A term in her- 
aldry, signifying the half of a bend. 

GaR'TER, v. t. 1. To bind with a garter. 2. To invest 
with the order of the garter. — Warton. 

GXR'TER-FISH, n. A species offish having a long body. 

GaR'TER-SNIKE, n. The striped snake, a common Amer- 
ican serpent, not poisonous. — Encyc. Amer. 

GaR'TERED, pp. Bound with a garter. 

GIRTER-ING, ppr. Tying with a garter. 

GARTH, n. [W. garz.] 1. A dam or wear for catching 
fish. 2. A close ; a little backside ; a yard ; a croft ; a gar- 
den; [obs.] 

GA'RUM, n. [L.] A sauce, much prized by the ancients, 
made of the pickled gills or other preparations of fish. 

GAS n. [Sax. gast ; G. geist ; D. geest.] In chemistry, a per- 
manently elastic aeriform fluid, or a substance reduced to 
the state of an aeriform fluid by its permanent combina- 
tion with caloric. 

GAS'-W6RKS (-wurks), n. pi. A place where gas is gener- 
ated for lighting cities. 



GAS'CON, n. A native of Gascon, in France. 

GAS-CON- aDE', n. [Fr., from Gascon, an inhabitant ot G?>«- 
cony, the people of which are noted for boasting.] A boast 
or boasting ; a vaunt ; a bravado ; a bragging.— Swift. 

GAS-€ON-aDE', v. i. To boast; to brag; to vaunt ; to bluster. 

GAS-CON-AD'ER, n. A great boaster. 

GAS'E-OUS, a. In the form of gas or an aeriform fluid. 

GASH, n. A deep and long cut ; an incision of considerable 
length, particularly in flesh.— Milton. 

GASH. v. t. To make a gash, or long, deep incision ; to cut 

GASHED (gasht), pp. Cut with a long, deep incision. 

GASH'FUL, a. Full of gashes ; hideous. 

GASHING, ppr. Cutting long, deep incisions. 

GAS'HoLD-ER, n. A vessel for containing and preserving 
gas ; a gasometer. — TJre. 

GAS-I-FI-CATION, n. The act or process of converting 
into gas. 

GAS'1-Fl.ED, pp. Converted into an aeriform fluid. 

GAS'1-Fy, v. t. [gas and L. facio.] To convert into gas or 
an aeriform fluid by combination with caloric. 

GAS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Converting into gas. 

GAS'KET, n. [Sp. caxeta.] A flat platted cord fastened to 
the sail-yard of a ship, and used to furl or tie the sail to 
the yard. Also, the platted hemp used for packing the 
piston of the steam-engine and its pumps. — Brande. 

GAS'KINS, n. pi. Galligaskins ; wide, open hose. — Shalt. 
See Galligaskins. 

GAS'LlGHT (-lite), n. Light produced by the combustion 
of carbureted hydrogen gas. 

GAS'ME-TER, n. [gas and meter.] A machine attached to 
gas-works and pipes, to show the quantity used. — Halde- 
man. 

GAS-OM'E-TER, n. [gas, and Gr. fiirpov.] In chemistry, an 
instrument or apparatus intended to measure, collect, pre- 
serve, or mix different gases. 

GAS-OM'E-TRY, n. The science, art, or practice of meas- 
uring gases. — Coze. 

G1SP, v. i. [Sw. gispa.] 1. To open the mouth wide in 
catching the breath or in laborious respiration, particu- 
larly in dying. 2. To long for ; [obs.] 

GASP, v. t. To emit breath by opening wide the mouth. 

GASP, n. 1. The act of opening the mouth to catch the 
breath. 2. The short catch of the breath in the agonies 
of death. 

GASPED (gaspt),#p. of gasp. 

GaSP'ING, ppr. or a. Opening the mouth to catch the 
breath. 

GaSP'ING, n. 1. The opening of the mouth to catch breath. 
— 2. Figuratively, strong aspiration or desire. 

GAS'SY, a. 1. Full of gas. Hence, 2. Inflated ; exhilarated; 
[colloquial.] 

I GAST'ER \ v ' tm To make a gh ast ; to frighten.— Shak. 

t GaSTNESS, n. Amazement; fright— Shak. 

GASTRIC, a. [Gr. yaarrip.] Belonging to the belly, or, 
rather, to the stomach. — The gastric juice, or liquor, is a 
fluid produced by a peculiar set of secretaries in the mu- 
cous membrane of the stomach. It is one of the agents 
in digestion. 

GAS-TRIL'O-QUIST, n. [Gr. yaarrip, and L. loquor.] One 
who speaks from his belly or stomach ; hence, one who 
so modifies his voice that it seems to come from another 
person or place ; a ventriloquist. 

GAS-TRIL'O-QUY, n. A speaking that appears to proceed 
from the belly. 

GAS-TRlTIS, n. Chronic inflammation of the stomach. 

GAS'TRO-CELE, n. [Gr. yaarrip and /oyA/y.] A hernia ot 
the stomach. 

GAS-TROL'O-GY, n. A treatise on the stomach. 

GAS'TRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yaornp and navrem.] 1. A kind 
of divination among the ancients by means of words seem- 
ing to be uttered from the belly. 2. Also, a kind of divina- 
tion by glasses, or other round, transparent vessels, in 
which figures appear by magic— Brande. 

§a1:?rgn'o-mi E st,^- ° ne wh0 ^ ea g° od **** aB 

GASTRO-NoME, ) e P lcura 

GAS-TEO-NOM'ie, a. Pertaining to gastronomy. 

GAS-TRON'O-MY, n. [Gr. yaorpuv.] The art or science of 
good eating. 

GAS'TRO-POD, n. [Gr. yaarrip and Ko5a.] An animal which 
moves by a fleshy apparatus under the belly, or has the 
belly and foot ioined, as slugs or naked snails. — Bell. 

GAS-TROP'OD-OUS, a. Having the belly and foot joined. 

GAS-TROR'A-PHY, n. [Gr. yaar V p and p^rj.] The opera 
tion of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. 

GAS-TROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. yaarrip and r^i/w.] The opera- 
tion of cutting into or opening the abdomen. 

GAT, pret. of get. 

GaTE, n. [Sax. gate, geat.] Literally, way or going. 1. A 
large door which gives entrance into a walled city, a cas- 
tle, a temple, palace, or other large edifice ; also, the en 
trance. 2. A frame of timber, iron, &c, which opens oi 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.—X, E, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MOV* B<X>K. 



GAU 



443 



GAZ 



closes a passage into any inclosut • , also, the passage. 3. 
The frame which shuts or stops the passage of water 
through a dam, lock, &c. 4. An avenue ; an opening ; a 
way. 

GITED, a. Having gates.— Young. 

GITE'LESS, a. Having no gate. 

GATE'VEIN (-vane), n. The vena porta, a large vein which 
conveys the blood from the abdominal viscera into the 
liver. — Bacon. 

GaTE'WaY, n. 1. A way through the gate of some in- 
closure. 2. The gate or entrance itself. 

GATHER, v. t. [Sax. gaderian or gatherian.] 1. To bring 
together ; to collect. 2. To get in harvest ; to reap or cut 
and bring into barns or stores. 3. To pick up ; to glean ; 
to get in small parcels and bring together, as stones from 
a field. 4. To pluck ; to collect by cropping, picking, or 
plucking, as fruit. 5. To assemble ; to congregate ; to 
bring persons into one place ; to muster. 6. To collect in 
abundance ; to accumulate ; to amass. 7. To select and 
take ; to separate from others and bring together. 8. To 
eweep together. 9. To bring into one body or interest. 
10. To draw together from a state of expansion or diffu- 
sion; to contract. 11. To gain, as ground.— Dry den. 12. 
To pucker ; to plait. 13. To deduce by inference ; to 
collect or learn by reasoning. 14. To coil, as a serpent. — 
To gather breath, to have respite. — Spenser : [obs.] 

GATHER, v. i. 1. To collect ; to unite ; to increase ; to be 
condensed. 2. To increase ; to grow larger by accretion 
of like matter. 3. To assemble. 4. To generate pus or 
matter. See Gathering. 

GATH'ER, n. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing. 

GATH'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be collected ; that may be 
deduced. — Godwin. [TJ?iusual.] 

GATHERED, pp. or a. Collected ; assembled ; contracted ; 
plaited ; drawn by inference. 

GATH'ER-ER, n. One who gathers or collects ; one who 
gets in a crop. 

GATHERING, ppr. or a. Collecting ; assembling ; draw- 
ing together ; plaiting ; wiinkling. 

GATH'ER-ING, n. 1. The act of collecting or assembling. 
2. Collection; a crowd; an assembly. 3. Charitable con- 
tribution. 4. A tumor suppurated or maturated ; a col- 
lection of pus ; an abscess. 

GATTER-TREE, n. A specieo of cornus, or cornelian 
cherry. — Fam. of Plants. 

t GAT-TOOTHED, a. Goat-toothed; having a lickerish 
tooth; lustful. — Chaucer. 

tGAUD, v. i. [L.gaudeo.] To exult; to rejoice. 

tGAUD, n. [L. gaudium.] An ornament; something worn 
for adorning the person ; a fine thing. 

t GAUD'ED, a. Adorned with trinkets ; colored. — Shak. 

GAUD'ER-Y, n. Finery ; fine things ; ornaments. 

GAUD'FUL, a. Joyful ; showy. 

GAUD'I-LY, adv. Showily; with ostentation of fine dress. 

GAUD'I-NESS, n. Showiness ; tinsel appearance ; ostenta- 
tious finery. — Whitlock. 

GAUD'LESS, a. Destitute of ornament. 

GAUD'Y, a. 1. Showy ; splendid ; gay. 2. Ostentatiously 
fine ; gay beyond the simplicity of nature or good taste. 

GAUD'Y, n. A feast or festival — Cheyne. [A word in the 
university.] 

GAUF'FER-ING, n. A mode of plaiting or fluting frills, &c, 
in which the plaits are wider than usual. — Enc. Dom. Econ. 

GIU6E (gaje), v. t. [Fr. jauger.] 1. To measure or to ascer- 
tain the contents of a cask or vessel. 2. To measure in 
respect to proportion. 

GaUgE (gaje), n. 1. A measure ; a standard of measure. 
2. Measure ; dimensions. 3. The number of feet which 
a ship sinks in the water. — 4. Among letter-founders, a 
piece of hard wood variously notched, used to adjust the 
dimensions, slopes, &c, of the various sorts of letters. 5. 
An instrument in joinery, made to strike a line parallel to 
the straight side of a board. — 6. In rail-roads, the distance 
between the rails. The broad gauge is seven feet, the nar- 
row gauge is four feet seven and a half inches. Smart. — 
Slidinggauge, a tool used by mathematical instrument 
makers for measuring and setting off distances. — Rain- 
gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of water 
which falls from the clouds at any given place. — Sea-gauge, 
an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. — Tide-gauge, 
an instrument for determining the height of the tides. — 
Wind-gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the 
wind on any given surface. See, also, Gage. 

GIUgE'A-BLE, a. That may be gauged or measured. 

GXU6ET), pp. Measured. 

GaUG'ER (ga'jer), n. One who gauges; an officer whose 
business is to ascertain the contents of casks. 

GIUg'ING (ga'jing), ppr. Measuring a cask ; ascertaining 
dimensions or proportions of quantity. 

GaUG'ING, n. The art of measuring the contents or capaci- 
ties of vessels of any form. — Ed. Encyc. 
GaUgTNG-ROD, n. An instrument to be used in measuring 
the contents of casks or vessels. 



GAUL, n. [L. Gallia.] A name of ancient France , also, aa 
inhabitant of Gaul. 

GAUL'ISH, a. Pertaining to ancient France or Gaul. 

GAULT, n. A provincial term for a series of bed of clay 
and marl, lying between the upper and lower green-sand. 
— Lyell. 

GaUNT (gant), a. Vacant ; hollow ; empty, as an animal 
after long fasting ; hence, lean ; meager ; thin ; slender. 

GAUNTLY (ganfly), adv. Leanly; meagerly. 

GAUNTLET, n. [Fr. gantelet.] A large iron glove with 
fingers covered with small plates, formerly worn by cava- 
liers, armed at all points. — To throw the gauntlet, is to 
challenge. — To take up the gauntlet, is to accept the chal- 
lenge. 

GaUNTTET-ED, a. Wearing a gauntlet. 

GAUZE, n. [Sp. gasa ; Fr. gaze.] A very thin, slight, trans- 
parent stuff, of silk or linen. 

GAUZE'-LOOM, n. A loom in which gauze is wove 

GAUZ'Y, a. Like gauze ; thin as gauze. 

G A VE, pret. of give. 

GAVEL, n. In law, tribute; toll; custom. See Gabel. 

GAVEL, n. [Fr. javelle.] 1. A small parcel of wheat, rye, 
or other grain, laid together by reapers, consisting of two, 
three, or more handfuls. [New England.] — 2. In England, 
a provincial word for ground. 

GAVEL, for gable or gable-end. See Gable. 

GAV'EL-ET, n. 1. An ancient and special cessavit in Kent, 
in England, by which the tenant, if he withdraws his rent 
and services due to his lord, forfeits his lands and tene- 
ments. — 2. In London, a writ used in the hustings, given 
to lords of rents in the city. 

GAVEL-KlND, n. [W. gavael-cenedyl] A tenure, in Eng 
land, by which land descended in equal portions from a 
father to all his sons, and from a brother dying without 
issue to all his brothers. It still exists in Kent. — Black- 
stone. — Cyc. 

GAV'E-LOCK, n. [Sax.] An iron crow. 

Ga'VI-AL, n. An Asiatic species of crocodile, having a long 
narrow muzzle. — Mantell. 

GAV'I-LAN, n. A species of hawk. 

GAV'OT, n. [Fr. gavotte.] A kind of lively dance or tune. 

t GAW'BY, n. A dunce. 

GAWK, n. [Sax. gcec, geac] 1. A cuckoo. 2. A fool ; a 
simpleton. [A word still used in Scotland.] 

GAWKY, a. Awkward ; clumsy ; clownish. [Still used oc- 
casionally in America.] 

GAWKY, n. A tall, awkward, ungainly, or stupid fellow. 

GAWN, n. [corrupted for gallon.] A small tub or lading 
vessel. 

GAWN'-TREE, n. [Scot.] A wooden frame on which beer 
casks are set. 

GaY, a. [Fr. gai.] 1. In high spirits. 2. Fine ; showy, aa 
clothing. 3. Inflamed or merry with liquor ; intoxicated; 
[a vulgar use of the word in America.] — Syn. Merry ; glee- 
ful ; blithe ; airy ; lively ; sprightly ; sportive ; light-heart- 
ed ; frolicsome ; jolly ; jovial. 

t GaY, n. An ornament. — L' Estrange. 

GaY'E-TY, n. [Fr. gaiete.] 1. Merriment ; mirth ; airiness. 
2. Act of juvenile pleasure. 3. Finery ; show. 

GaY'LY, adv. 1. Merrily ; with mirth and frolic. 2. Fine- 
ly: splendidly; pompously. 

GaY'LY-GILD'ED, a. Gilded with showy finery.— Gray. 

GaY'NESS, n. Gayety ; finery. 

GlY'SoME, a. Full of gayety. [Little used.] 

GaZE, v. i. [qu. Gr. aya^ouai.] To fix the eyes, and look 
steadily and earnestly ; to look with eagerness or curiosi- 
ty ; to stare ; to gape. 

GaZE, v. t. To view with fixed attention.— Milton. [ Unusual.] 

GaZE, n. 1. A fixed look ; a look of eagerness, wonder, or 
admiration ; a continued look of attention. 2. The object 
gazed on ; that which causes one to gaze. 

GaZE'FUL, a. Looking with a gaze ; looking intently ; giv 
en to gazinsr. 

GaZE'HOUND, n. A hound that pursues by the sight rath- 
er than by the scent. — Johnson. 

GA-ZEL', \n. [Fr. gazelle.] A small, swift, elegantly- 

GA-ZELLE', 3 formed species of antelope, celebrated for 
the lustre and soft expression of its eyes.— B-inde. 

f GaZE'MENT, n. View.— Spenser. 

GaZ'ER. n. One who gazes.— Pope. 

GA-ZET', n. [It. gazetta.] A Venetian half-penny.- Mas- 
singer. 

GA-ZETTE' (ga-zeir), n. [It. gazzetta ; Fr. gazette. Gazetta 
is said to have been a Venetian coin, which was the price 
of the first newspaper, and hence the name.] A newspa- 
per ; in England, appropriately, the official newspaper. 

GA-ZETTE' (ga-zef ), v. t. To insert in a gazette ; to announce 
or publish in a gazette. 

GA-ZETT/ED, pp. Published in a gazette. 

GAZ-ET-TEER', n. 1. A writer of news, or an officer ap- 
pointed to publish news by authority. — Pope. 2. The title 
of a newspaper. 3. A book containing a brief description 
of empires and kingdoms, also of cities, towns, and rivers, 



D6VE -.—BULL, UNITE , -AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



GEM 



444 



GEN 



in a country or in the whole world, alphabetically ar- 
ranged. 
GaZ'ING, ppr. or a. Looking with fixed attention. 
GaZTNG-STOCK, n. A person gazed at with scorn or ab- 
horrence ; an object of curiosity or contempt. 

GA-ZoN' (ga-zoon'), n. [Fr.] In fortification, pieces of turf 
used to line parapets and the faces of works raised of 
earth. 

'iE^ [Sax.] A particle often prefixed to Saxon verbs, &c. 
« G_E AL, v. i. [Fr. geler ; L. gelo.] To congeal. 
"EAR, n. [Sax. gearwian, gyrian.] 1. Apparatus ; whatev- 
er is prepared ; hence, habit ; dress ; ornaments. 2. The 
harness or furniture of beasts of draught ; tackle. 3. The 
same as gearing, which see. — 4. In Scotland, goods ; riches. 
5. Business ; matters ; [obs.] 6. By seamen pronounced 
jears, which see. 

GeAR, v. i. To dress ; to put on gear ; to harness. 

GeARED, pp. Dressed; harnessed. 

GeAR'ING, ppr. Dressing; harnessing. 

GEARING, n. I. Harness. 2. A train of toothed wheels 
for transmitting motion in machinery. — Hebert. 

JGeA'SON (ge'zn), a. Rare; wonderful. — Spenser. 

QEAT, n. [D. gat.) The hole through which metal runs 
into a mold in castings. — Moxon. 

f GE€K, n. [G. geek ; Sw. g a ck.) A dupe.— Shah. 

t GE€K, v. t. To cheat, trick, or gull. 

GECK'O, n. A name common to a family of saurian rep- 
tiles ; a nocturnal lizard. — Partington. 

GEE, ) A word used by teamsters, directing their teams to 

JEE. 5 pass further to the right, or from the driver, when 
on the near side ; opposed to hoi or haw. 

GEESE, n. ; pi. of goose. 

GEEST, n. Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of 
recent origin. — Jameson. 

GE-HEN'NA, n. [Gr. y£ £) <™.] The Valley of Hinnom, near 
Jerusalem, where children were once sacrificed to Mo- 
loch ; hence, a place oi abomination ; and therefore used 
by the Jews as equivalent to hell. 

GeHLEN-iTE, n. [from Gehlen.] A grayish mineral from 
_the Tyrol. 

GE'IN, n. [Gr. yn, earth.] In chemistry, the same as humus, 
which see. 

* GEL'A-BLE, a. [L. gelu.) That may or can be congealed ; 
capable of being converted into jelly. 

GEL'A-TIN, n. [It., Sp. gelatina.] A concrete animal sub- 
stance, transparent, and soluble in water. 

GELA-TIN, a. See Gelatinous. 

GE-LAT'I-NaTE, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into 
a substance like jelly. 

GE-LAT'I-NaTE, v. t. To convert into gelatin, or into a 
substance jesembling jelly. 

GE-L AT-I-Na'TION, n. The act or process of converting or 
being turned into gelatin. 

GE-LAT'I-NI-FORM, a. Having the form of gelatin. 

GE-LAT'I-NlZE, v. i. The same as gelatinate. 

GE-LAT-I-No'SA, n. pi. An order of gelatinous animals. — 
Cuvier. 

GE-LATT-NOUS, a. Of the nature or consistence of gela- 
tin ; resembling or containing jelly ; viscous or moderate- 
ly stiff. 

GELD, n. [Sax. gild ; Dan. gield.] Money ; tribute ; com- 
pensation. This word is obsolete in English, but it occurs 
in old laws and law-books in composition ; as in Danegeld 
or Danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes. 

GELD, v. t.; pret. gelded or gelt; pp. gelded or gelt. [G. 
geilen, gelten.] 1 To castrate ; to emasculate. 2. To de- 
prive of any essential part. 3. To deprive of any thing 
immodest or exceptionable. 

GELT ' S PP' Castrated ! emasculated. 

GELD'ER, n. One who castrates. 

GELD'ER-RoSE, n. A plant bearing large, white balls of 

flowers ; also called the snowball-tree. — P. Oyc. 
GELDING, ppr. Castrating. 

GELDING, n. 1. The act of castrating. 2. A castrated an- 
imal, but chiefly a horse. 
GELID, a. [L. gelidus.] Cold ; >^ry cold. 
GE-LID'I-TY, n. Extreme cold. 
GEL'ID-LY, adv. Coldly. 
GEL'ID-NESS. n. Coldness. 
(JELLY, n. [Fr. gelee.) 1. The inspissated juice of fruit 

boiled with sugar. 2. A viscous or glutinous substance. 

See Jelly. 
GELT, pp. of geld. 

t GELT, n. A castrated animal ; a gelding. 
(• GELT, n. for gilt. Tinsel, or gilt surface. — Spenser. 
(JEM, n. [L. gemma; It. id.] 1. A bud. — In botany, the bud 

or compendium of a plant, covered with scales. 2. A 

precious stone of any kind. 
(JEM, v. t. 1. To adorn with gems. 2. To bespangle. 3. 

To embellish with detached beauties. 
GEM, v. i. To bud ; to germinate.— Milton. 
GEM'-BOSSffD (-bost), a. Bossed with gems.—Atherstone. 



GE-MX'RA, n. The second part of the Talmud ; the com 
mentary on the Mishna. 

GE-MAR'IC, a. Pertaining to the Gemara. — Encyc. 

GEM'EL, n. [L. gemellus.} A pair. [A term in heraldry.] 

GEM'EL-RING. n. [now written gimmal and gimbal-rlng.) 
A term applied to rings with two or more links. 

GEM-EL-LIFA-ROUS, a. [L. gemellus and pario.] Produc 
ing twins. — Diet. 

GEM'I-NaTE, v. t. [L. gemino.] To double. [Little used.) 

GEM-1-Na'TION, n. A doubling ; duplication ; repetition.— 
— Boyle. 

GEM'I-Nl, n. pi. [L.] Twins. — In astronomy, a constellation 
or sign of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Cas 
tor and Pollux. 

GEM'I-NOUS, a. [L. geminus.) Double ; in pairs. 

GEM'I-NY,.ti. Twins; a pair , a couple. — Shah. 

GEM'MA-RY, a. Pertaining to gems or jewels. 

GEM'MATE, a. Having buds. 

GEM-Ma'TION, n. [L. ge?nmatio.] Budding; the process of 
reproduction by buds. 

(JEMMJED, pp. Adorned with jewels or buds. 

GEM'ME-OUS, a. [L. gemmeus.] Pertaining to gems ; of 
the nature of gems ; resembling gems. 

GEM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing buds. 

gEM'MI-NESS, n. Spruceness : smartness. 

GEM'MING, ppr. Adorning with jewels or buds. 

GEM-MIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. gemma and pario.] Producing 
buds ; reproducing by buds on the body, which mature 
and fall off into independent animals, as in some polyps. — 
Dana. 

f GEM-MOS'I-TY, n. The quality of being a gem or jewel 

GEM'MULE, n. A little bud or gem..— Eaton. 

GEM-MU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing gemmules 

(JEM'MY, a. 1. Bright; glittering ; full of gems. 2. Neat, 
spruce ; smart. 

tGE-MoTE', n. [Sax.] A meeting. See Meet. 

gEMS'BOK, n. The name given to a species of the ante- 
lope.— J. Barrow. 

6EN-DARME' (zhan-darm'), n. [Fr.] In France, one of the 
gens d'armes, a select body of troops destined to watch 
over the interior public safety. 

(JEN-DARMER-Y, n, The body oi gendarmes.— Hume. 

GEN'DER, n. [Fr. genre; It.genere; L. genus.] 1. Proper- 
ly, kind ; sort ; [obs.] 2. A sex, male or female. — 3. Id 
grammar, a difference in words to express distinction of 
sex ; usually a difference of termination in nouns, adjec- 
tives, and participles, to express the distinction of male 
and female. 

GEN'DER, v. t. To beget. See Engender. 

GEN'DER, v. i. To copulate ; to breed. — Lev., xix. 

GEN-E-A-LOG'I€-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to or exhibiting the 
descent of persons or families from an ancestor. 2. Ac- 
cording to the descent of a person or family from an an- 
cestor. 

gEN-E-ALOgTG-AL-LY, adv. In a genealogical manner. 

GEN-E-AL'O-GIST, n. He who traces descents of persona 
or families. 

GEN-E-AL'O-GlZE, v. i. To relate the history of descents. 
— Trans, of Pausanias. 

GEN-E-AL'O-GY, n. [L. genealogia.] 1. An account or his- 
tory of the descent of a person or family from an ances- 
tor. 2. Pedigree ; lineage ; regular descent of a person or 
family from a progenitor. 

GEN'E-RA, n. pi. See Genus. 

GEN'ER-A-BLE. a. That may be engendered, begotten, or 
produced. — Bentley. 

GEN'ER-AL, a. [Fr., L. generalis.) 1. Relating to a whole 
class or order. 2. Comprehending many species of indi- 
viduals ; not special or particular. 3. Lax in signification; 
not restrained or limited to a particular import ; not spe- 
cific ; as, general phraseology. 4. Public ; common ; re- 
lating to or comprehending the whole community ; as, the 
general welfare. 5. Common to many, or the greatest 
number ; as, the general practice. 6. Not directed to a 
single object. 7. Having a relation to all ; common to the 
whole ; as, a general sire.— Milton. 8. Extensive, though 
not universal ; common ; usual. — In logic, a general term 
is the representative of a general idea. — In military affairs, 
a general officer is the commander of an army, or of a 
division or brigade.— In law, to plead the general issue, is 
to deny at once the whole indictment or declaration, with- 
out offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier.— Gen- 
eral assembly, the highest ecclesiastical body among Pres- 
byterians. — General court, or assembly, a name formerly 
given, in a number of the states, to the legislative body. 
The former term is still used in Massachusetts. 

GEN'ER-AL, n. 1. The whole ; the total ; that which com- 
prehends all, or the chief part.— 2. In general,m the main; 
for the most part ; not always or universally. 3. The 
chief commander of an army ; the second in rank is styled 
lieutenant-general. 4. The commander of a division of an 
army or militia, usually called a major-general. 5. The 
commander of a brigade, called a brigadier-general. 6. A 



* See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long— I, E, I &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



GEN 



445 



GEN 



particular beat of drum or march, being that which, in 
the morning, gives notice for the infantry to be in readi- 
ness to march. 7. The chief of an order of monks, or of 
all the houses or congregations established under the same 
rule. 8. The public j the interest of the whole ; the vul- 
gar ; [not in wse.] 

6EN-ER-AL-IS'SI-MO, n. [It] 1. The chief commander of 
an army or military force. 2. The supreme commander ; 
sometimes a title of honor. 

GEN-ER-ALl-TY, n. [Fr. generality] 1. The state of being 
general; the quality of including species or particulars. 
2. The main body ; the bulk ; the greatest part. 

dEN-ER-AL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of making general ; the 
act of reducing particulars to generals or to their genera. 

(JEN'ER-AL-IZE, v. t. 1. To extend from particulars or 
species to genera ; to make general or common to a num- 
ber. 2. To reduce particulars to generals or to their 
genus. 

gEN'ER-AL-iZjED, pp. Extended to generals. 

GEN'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Extending to generals or to genera. 

<JEN'ER,-AL-LY, adv. 1. In general ; extensively, though 
not universally ; most frequently. 2. In the main ; with- 
out detail ; in the whole taken together.— Syn. Usually ; 
ordinarily; commonly; mainly; principally; chiefly. 

GEN'ER-AL-NESS, n. Wide extent, though short of uni- 
versality; frequency; commonness. — Sidney. 

GEN'ER-AL-SHIP, n. The skill and conduct of a general 
officer ; military skill in a commander. 

GEN'ER-AL-TY, n. The whole ; the totality.— Hale. 

GEN'ER-ANT, n. [L. generans.] 1. The power that gener- 
ates ; the power or principle that produces. — 2. In geome- 
try, a line, surface, or solid generated, or supposed to be 
generated, by the motion of a point, line, or surface. — 
Barlow. 

GEN'ER-XTE, v. t. [L. genero.] 1. To beget ; to procreate ; 
to propagate ; to produce a being similar to the parent. 
2. To produce ; to cause to be ; to bring into life. 3. To 
cause ; to produce ; to form, as sound or figure. 

GEN'ER-I-TED, pp. Begotten ; engendered ; procreated ; 
produced; formed. 

GEN'ER-I-TING, ppr. or a. Begetting; procreating; pro- 
ducing^ forming. 

4EN-ER-ATION, n. 1. The act of begetting ; procreation, 
as of animals. 2. Production ; formation. 3. A single 
succession in natural descent, as the children of the same 
parents; hence, an age. 4. The people of the same pe- 
riod, or living at the same time. 5. Genealogy ; a series 
of children or descendants from the same stock. 6. A 
family; a race.— Shale. 7. Progeny; offspring.— Shak. 

3EN'ER-A-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of generating or 
propagating its own species. 2. Having the power of 
producing. 3. Prolific. 

SEN'ER-a-TOR, n. 1. He or that which begets, causes, or 
produces. — 2. In music, the principal sound or sounds by 
which others are produced. 3. A vessel in which steam 
is generated. 

GE-NER'I€, }a. [It. and Sp. generico ; Fr. generique.] 

GE-NER'IC-AL, > Pertaining to a genus or kind ; compre- 
hending the genus. 

GE-NER'I€-AL-LY, adv. With regard to genus. 

GE-NER'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being generic. 

GEN-ER-OS'ITY, n. [Fr. generosite.] 1. The quality of 
being generous ; liberality in principle ; a disposition to 
give liberally or to bestow favors ; a quality of the heart 
or mind opposed to meanness or parsimony. 2. Liberality 
in act ; bounty. 3. Nobleness of soul ; magnanimity ; 
[little used.] 

GEN'ER-OUS, a. [L. generosus.] 1. Primarily, being of hon- 
orable birth or origin ; hence, noble ; honorable ; mag- 
nanimous. — Addison. 2. Liberal ; bountiful ; munificent ; 
beneficent ; bounteous ; free to give. 3. Strong ; full of 
spirit, as wine. — Boyle. 4. Full ; overflowing ; abundant. 
5. Sprightly ; courageous ; as, a generous horse. 

GEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Honorably; not meanly. 2. 
Nobly; magnanimously. 3. Liberally; munificently. 

eEN'ER-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being generous ; 
magnanimity ; nobleness of mind. 2. Liberality ; munifi- 
cence; generosity. 

GEN'E-SIS, n. [Gr. yevsmg.] 1. The act of producing. 2. 
The first book of the Sacred Scriptures of the Old Testa- 
ment. — 3. In geometry^ the formation of a fine, plane, or 
solid, by the motion of a point, fine, or surface. 

GEN'ET, n. [Fr.] 1. A small-sized, well-proportioned Span- 
ish horse. 2. An animal allied to the civet, and resembling 
the polecat in appearance. 

GE-NET, In. A name given to cat-skins when made into 

GE-NETTE', > muffs and tippets, as if they were skins of 
the genet. — Booth. 

GE-NETH'LI-A€, n. A birth-day poem.— Brande. 

GE-NETH'LI_-A€, \a. [Gr. ysvidXiaKog.] Pertaining to 

GEN-ETH-Ll'AC-AL, 5 nativities as calculated by astrolo- 
gers ; showing the position of the stars at the birth of any 
person. [Little used.] 



GE-NETH'LI-A€S, n. The science of calculating nativities, 
or predicting the future events of life, from the stars 
which preside at the birth of persons. [Little used.] 

GE-NETH-LI-AT'IC, n. He who calculates nativities. • 
Drummond. [Little used.] 

GE-NETTC, a. [Gr. ycveois-] Pertaining to the origin of a 
thing, or its mode of production. 

GE-Ne'VA, n. [Fr. genevre, or genievre.] A spirit distilled 
from grain or malt, with the addition of juniper berries, 
or often of oil of turpentine. The word is usually con- 
tracted and pronounced gin. 

GE-Ne'VA Bl'BLE, n. The whole English Bible printed at 
Geneva, first in 1560. 

GE-Ne'VAN, a. 1. Pertaining to Geneva. 2. n. An inhabi- 
tant of Geneva. 

gE-Ne'VAN-ISM, n. [Geneva.] Calvinism. 

gEN-E-VeSE', n., sing, or pi. People of Geneva 

dEN-E-VOIS' (zhen-e-vwa'), n. pi. People of Geneva. 

GE'NI-AL, a. [L. genialis.] 1. Contributing to propagation 
or production ; that causes to produce. 2. Gay ; merry. 
3. Enlivening ; contributing to life and cheerfulness ; sup- 
porting life. 4. Native ; natural ; [not usual.] 

GE'NI-AL-LY, adv. 1. By genius or nature ; naturally ; 
[little used.] 2. Gayly ; cheerfully. 

GE-NI-AL'I-TY, n. Gayety ; cheerfulness. 

GE'NI-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being genial. 

gE-NIC'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. geniculo.] To joint or knot 
Cockeram. 

GE-NIC'U-LATE, la. [L. geniculatus.] Kneed; knee 

GE-NIC'U-La-TED, 5 jointed; having joints like the knee 
a little bent. 

gE-NIC'U-La-TING, ppr. Knotting; jointing. 

gE-NI€-U-La'TION, n. Knottiness ; the state of having 
knots or joints like a knee. — Johnson. 

t GE'NiE (je'ne), n. [Old Fr. genie.] Disposition ; inclina 
_tion| turn of mind. 

GE'NI-I, n. pi. [L.] A sort of imaginary intermediate beings 
between men and angels ; some good and some bad. 

GE'NI-O, 74. [It., L. genius.] A man of a particular turn of 
mind. — Tattler. 

GEN'I-TAL, a. [L. genitalis.] Pertaining to generation or 
the act of begetting. 

GEN'I-TALS, n. pi. The parts of an animal which are the 
immediate instruments of generation. 

GEN'I-TING, n. [Fr. janeton.] A species of apple that ripene 
very early. 

GEN'I-TiVE, a. or n. [L. genitivus.] In grammar, a term 
applied to a case in the declension of nouns, expressing 
primarily the thing from which something else proceeds. 

GEN'I-TOR, n. One who procreates ; a sire ; a father. 

GEN1-TURE, 11. Generation ; procreation • birth. 

GENIUS, n. ; pi. Geniuses. [L.] 1. The peculiar structure 
of mind which is given by nature to an individual, or that 
disposition or bent of mind which is peculiar to every 
man, and which qualifies him for a particular employment ; 
a particular natural talent or aptitude of mind for a par- 
ticular study or course of life. 2. Strength of mind ; un- 
common powers of intellect ; particularly, the power of in- 
vention. 3. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of 
mind ; a man of superior intellectual faculties. 4. Mental 
powers of faculties. 5. Nature ; disposition ; peculiar 
character. 

Ge'NI-US, n. ; pi. Genii. [L.] A good or evil spirit or de 
mon, supposed to preside over a man's destiny or life. 

GE'NI-US LO'CI. [L.] The presiding divinity of a place ; 
and hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as 
of a college, &c. 

GEN-O-eSE', n. An inhabitant, or the people of Genoa, in 
Italy. 

t GENT, a. Elegant ; pretty ; gentle. — Spenser. 

GEN-TEEL', a. [Fr. gentil.] 1. Easy and graceful in man- 
ners or behavior ; having the manners of well-bred people. 
2. Easy and graceful ; becoming well-bred persons ; as, 
genteel carriage. 3. Graceful in mien or form. 4. Ele- 
gantly dressed. 5. Decorous ; free from any thing low or 
vulgar; as, genteel comedy. Addison. — Syn. Polite ; well 
bred ; refined ; polished ; elegant ; fashionable. 

GEN-TEEL'LY, adv. Politely ; gracefully ; elegantly ; in the 
manner of well-bred people. 

GEN-TEEL'NESS, n. 1. Gracefulness of manners or per- 
son ; elegance ; politeness. 2. Qualities befitting a person 
of rank. 

GENTIAN (jen'shan), n. [L. gentiana.] The popular name 
of a genus of herbs of a bitter taste. The officinal gen- 
tian is much used in medicine as a tonic. 

GEN-TIAN-EL'LA, n. A kind of blue color. 

GEN'TIL, n. A species of falcon or hawk. 

GEN'TlLE, n. [L. gentilis.] In the Scriptures, a pagan ; « 
worshiper of false gods ; any person not a Jew or a 
Christian ; a heathen. 

GENTILE, a. 1. Pertaining to pagans or heathens. 2. In 
grammar, denoting one's race or country ; as, a gentile 
noun. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete. 



GEN 



446 



GEO 



f <iEN-TI-LESSE', n. Complaisance. — Hudibras. 

GENTiL-ISH, a. Heathenish ; pagan. — Milton. 

GENTlL-ISM, n. Heathenism; paganism. 

GEN-TI-Li'TIAL (jen-te-Ush'al), la. [L. gentilitius.] 1. 

GEN-TI-Ll'TTOUS (jen-te-lish'us), 5 Peculiar to a people 
or nation ; national. 2. Hereditary ; entailed on a family. 
— Arbuthnot. 

GEN-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. gentilite.] 1. Politeness of manners ; 
easy, graceful behavior ; the manners of well-bred people ; 
genteelness. 2. Good extraction; dignity of birth. 3. 
Gracefulness of mien. 4. Gentry ; [obs.] 5. Paganism ; 
heathenism.- Hooker ; [obs.] 

GENTIL-lZE, v. i. To live like a heathen.— Milton. 

GENTLE, a. 1. Well-born ; of a good family or respectable 
birth, though not noble.— Milton ; [obs.] 2. Not rough, 
harsh, or severe, as manners. 3. Tame ; not wild, turbu- 
lent, or refractory, as a cow. 4. Soothing, as music. 5. 
Treating with mildness ; not violent. — Syn. Mild ; meek ; 
placid ; dove-like ; quiet ; peaceful ; pacific ; bland. ; soft ; 
tame ; tractable ; docile. 

GENTLE, n. 1. A gentleman ; [obs.] 2. A maggot or larva 
of some fly, as of the flesh-fly. 

f GENTLE, v. t. To make genteel ; to raise from the vulgar. 

GENTLE-HEaRT'ED, a. Of gentle disposition ; kind. 

GENTLE-FoLK (jen'tl-foke), n. Persons of good breeding 
and family. It is now used only in the plural, gentlefolks, 
and this use is vulgar. 

GENTLE-MAN, n. [gentle.] 1. In its most extensive sense, 
in Great Britain, every man above the rank of yeoman, 
comprehending nobleman. In a more limited sense, a 
man who, without a title, bears a coat of arms, or whose 
ancestors have been freemen. — 2. In the United States, 
where titles and distinctions of rank do not exist, the term 
is applied to men of education and of good breeding, of 
every occupation. Indeed, this is also the popular prac- 
tice in Great Britain. 3. A man of good breeding, polite- 
ness, and civil manners, as distinguished from the vulgar 
and clownish. 4. A term of complaisance. — 5. In Great 
Britain, one who serves a man of rank and attends his 
person. Also, a prefix to his official title ; as, gentleman 
usher, one who walks before his master, and introduces 
strangers into his presence. — Gentleman server, one who 
serves up the feast, &c. 

GENTLE-MAN-eOM'MON-ER, n. The highest class of 
commoners at Oxford University. 

GENTLE-MAN-LlKE, la. 1. Pertaining to or becoming a 

GEN'TLE-MAN-LY, } gentleman, or a man of good fam- 
ily and breeding ; polite ; complaisant. 2. Like a man of 
birth and good breermg. 

GENTLE-MAN-LI-NESS, n. Behavior of a well-bred man. 
— Sherwood. 

GENTLE-MAN-SHIP, n. Quality of a gentleman.— Lord 
Halifax. 

GENTLE-MEN PEN'SION-ERS, n. pi. In England, a band 
of forty gentlemen, whose office it is to attend the king 
to and from the royal chapel. — Buchanan. 

GENTLE-NESS, n. 1. Dignity of birth ; [little used.] 2. 
Genteel behavior ; [obs.] 3. Softness of manners ; mild- 
ness of temper ; sweetness of disposition ; meekness. 4. 
Kindness ; benevolence ; [obs.] 5. Tenderness ; mild 
treatment. 

t GENTLE-SHIP, n. The deportment of a gentleman. 

GENTLE- WoM- AN, n. 1. A woman of good family or of 
good breeding ; a woman above the vulgar. 2. A woman 
who waits about the person of one of high rank. 3. A 
term of civility to a female, sometimes ironical. 

fGENTLE-WoM-AN-LlKE, a. Becoming a gentlewoman. 
— Sherwood. 

GENTLY, adv. 1. Softly ; meekly ; mildly ; with tender- 
ness. 2. Without violence, roughness, or asperity. 

GEN-TOO', n. [Port, gentio.] A native of India or Hindos- 
tan ; one who follows the religion of the Bramins. 

GENTRY, n. 1. Birth ; condition ; rank by birth.— Shah. 
2. People of education and good breeding. — In Great 
Britain, the classes of people between the nobility and the 
vulgar. 3. A term of civility ; civility ; complaisance ; 
[obs.] 

GE-NU-FLE€TION, n. [L. genu and flectio.] The act of 
bending the knee, particularly in worship. 

#EN'U-iNE, a. [L. genuinus.] Native ; belonging to the 
original stock ; hence, real ; natural ; true ; veritable ; 
pure ; unalloyed ; not spurious, false, or adulterated. 

GEN'U-INE-LY, adv. Without adulteration or foreign ad- 
mixture ; naturally. — Boyle. 

GEN'tJ-INE-NESS, n. The state of being native, or of the 
true original ; hence, freedom from adulteration or foreign 
admixture ; freedom from any thing false or counterfeit ; 
purity; reality. 

Ge'NUS, n. ; pi. Gen'era. [L. genus.] 1. In logic, that which 
has several species under it : a class of a greater extent 
than species. — 2. In natural science, an assemblage of species 
possessing certain characters in common, by which they 
are distinguished from all others. 



GE-O-CENTRIC, 1 a. [Gr. yv a»d xevrpov.) A term ae- 

GE-0-CENTRI€-AL, 5 noting the position of a celestial 
object as seen from the earth, in contradistinction to helio- 
centric, as seen from the sun. — D. Olmsted. 

GE-0€'RO-NlTE, n. [Gr. yn and lipovos •] A lead gray ore 
of antimony and lead. 

Ge'ODE, n. [Gr. y<uu)6n<;-] In mineralogy, a rounded nodule 
of stone containing a small cavity, lined usually with crys- 
tals, though sometimes with other matter ; a cavity of the 
kind described. — Dana. 

IISdeIiIaL. \ a - Geotetic-Sedgwick. 

GE-OD'E-SY, n. [Gr. ymbaiaia.] That part of practical ge- 
ometry which has for its object the determination of the 
magnitude and figure either of the whole earth, or of any 
given portion of its surface. — Brande. 

GE-0-DET'I€, 1 a. Pertaining to geodesy or its meaa- 

GE-0-DETT€-AL, > urements. 

GE-O-DIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing geodes. 

Ge'OG-NOST, n. One versed in geognosy ; a geologist. 

GE-OG-NOSTKJ, 1 a. Pertaining to a knowledge of the 

GE-OG-NOSTTG-AL, 5 structure of the earth ; geological. 

GE-OG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. yn, the earth, and yvwais, knowledge.] 
That part of natural history which treats of the structure 
of the earth. The same with geology. 

GE-O-GON'LC, a. Pertaining to geogony. 

GE-OG'O-NY, n. [Gr. yn and yovn.] The doctrine of the 
formation of the earth. 

6E-OG'RA-PHER. n. One who describes that part of this 
globe or earth which is exhibited upon the surface. One 
who is versed in geography, or one who compiles a treat- 
ise on the subject. 

GE-0-GRAPH'I€, la. Relating to or containing a de- 

GE-O-GRAPHTG-AL, j scription of the terraqueous globe ; 
pertaining to geography. 

GE-0-GRAPH'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a geographical manner. 

GE-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. yn and ypaQw.] 1. A description 
of the earth and of its several countries, kingdoms, states, 
cities, &c. 2. A book containing a description of the ear th. 

GE-0-LOG'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to geology ; relating to the 
science of the earth or terraqueous globe. 

GE-O-Lo'GI AN < n ' ^ ne versec * * n tQe science of geology. 

GE-OL'O-GlZE, v. i. To study geology ; to make geological 
investigations. 

GE-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. yn and \oyog.] The science which 
treats of the structure and mineral constitution of the 
globe, and of the causes of its physical features. — Dana. 

Ge'O-MAN-CER, n. One who foretells or divines, by means 
of lines, figures, or points on the ground or on paper. 

Ge'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yrj and ixavreia.] A kind of divina- 
tion by means of figures or lines. 

GE-O-MANTI-G, a. Pertaining to geomancy. 

GE-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. yiuiixtrpnS-] One skilled in geome- 
try. See Geometrician. 

GE-OM'E-TRAL, a. Pertaining to geometry. 

GE-0-MET'RI€, 1 a. [Gr. yewns-pinos.] 1. Pertaining to 

GE-0-MET'RI€-AL, 3 geometry. 2. According to the rules 
or principles of geometry , done by geometry. 3. Disposed 
according to geometry. — Geometrical ratio, is that relation 
between quantities which is expressed by the quotient of 
the one divided by the other. — Geometrical proportion, is 
an equality of geometrical ratios. Quantities are in geo- 
metrical progression when they increase by a common 
multiplier, or decrease by a common divisor. — J. Day. 

GE-0-MET'RI€-AL-LY, adv. According to the rules or laws 
of geometry. 

GE-OM-E-TRI"CIAN (je-om-e-trish'an), n. One skilled in 
geometry ; a geometer. — Watts. 

6E-OM'E-TRlZE, v. t. To act according to the laws of ge- 
ometry ; to perform geometrically. 

6E-OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. yeuyinpia.] Literally, the measure- 
ment of the earth ; the science of magnitude in general , 
the mensuration of lines, surfaces, and solids, with their 
various relations. 

GE-0-PON'I€, 1 a. [Gr. yn and novog.] Pertaining to till. 

GE-0-PON'I€-AL, > age of the earth, or agriculture. 

GE-0-PON'I€S, n. The art of cultivating the earth. 

GE-O-Ra'MA, n. [Gr. yn and opajxa.] An instrument which 
exhibits a very complete view of the earth. 

GEORGE (jorj), n. 1. A figure of St. George on horseback, 
worn by knights of the garter. 2. A brown loaf. — Dryden. 

GEORGE'-No-BLE, n. A gold coin in the time of Henry 
VIII., of the value of 6s. 8d. sterling. 

GEOR'GI-G, n. [Gr. yewpyiKog.] A rural poem; a poetical 
composition on the subject of husbandly, containing rales 
for cultivating lands, in a poetical dress. 

GEOP L 'GI€, a. "Relating to the doctrine of agriculture and 
rural affairs. 

6EOR'GI€-AL, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture. 

GEOR'GI-UM Sl'DUS, n. [L.] The name first given, in hon- 
or of George III., to the planet now called Uranus, which 
see. — D. Olmsted. 



Se.e Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— i, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



GET 



447 



GHO 



dE-OS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. yrj and ckokco.] Knowledge of the 

earth, obtained by inspection. 
GE-OTTG, a. [from Gr. yq.] Belonging to the earth ; ter- 
restrial. 
GE'RAH, n. The twentieth part of a shekel, or nearly three 

cents. 
<SE-Ra'NI-UM, n. [L.] Crane's-bill, a genus of plants, of 
numerous species, some of which are cultivated for their 
fragrancfe and beautiful flowers. 
(Se'RENT, a. [L. gerens.] Bearing; used in vicegerent. 
6ERFAL-CON (jerTaw-kn). See Gyrfalcon. 
6ERM,"7i. [L. germen.] 1. In botany, the ovary, or seed-bud 
of a plant. 2. Origin ; first principle ; that from which 
any thing springs. 
(JER'MAN, a. [L. germanus.] 1. Cousins german are the 
sons or daughters of brothers or sisters ; first cousins. 2. 
Related; [obs.] 
dER'MAN, a. Belonging to Germany. 
' GER'MAN, n. A native of Germany ; and, by ellipsis, the 

German language. 
GER'MAN-SIL'VER, n. An alloy or mixture of copper, 

zinc, and nickel. 
dER-MAN'DER, n. A name given to several plants, one of 
which is used in Jersey, instead of hops, in making beer. 
(JER-MAN'IG, a. Pertaining to Germany. 
dER'MAN-ISM, n. An idiom of the German language. 
f6ER-MAN'I-TY, n. Brotherhood.— Cockeram. 
(JERM'EN, n. ; pi. Germens. Now contracted to germ, 

which see. [The spelling germins is less accurate.] 
GERM'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to a germ or seed-bud. 
AERM'IN-ANT, a. Sprouting. 
<JERM'IN-aTE, v. i. [L. germino.] To sprout ; to bud ; to 

shoot ; to begin to vegetate or grow, as seeds. 
GERM'IN-ITE, v. t. To cause to sprout. [Un-usual] 
dERM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Beginning to vegetate. 
GERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of sprouting ; the first be- 
ginning of vegetation in a seed or plant. 2. The time in 
which seeds vegetate. 
6E-RO-€OM'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to gerocomy. 
GE-ROC'O-MY, n. [Gr. yepuv and KOfjtew.] That part of 
medicine which treats of the proper regimen for old 
people. 
AER'UND, n. [L. gerundium.] In the Latin grammar, a 
kind of verbal noun, partaking of the nature of a participle. 
6E-RUND'I-AL, a. Pertaining to or like a gerund. 
GES'LING, for gosling.— Holloway. [North of England.] 
4EST, n. [L. gestum.] 1. A deed ; action or achievement; 
[obs.] 2. Show ; representation ; [obs.] 3. [Fr. gite.] A 
stage ha traveling ; so much of a journey as is made with- 
out resting ; or, properly, a rest ; a stop ; [obs.] 4. A roll 
or journal of the several days and stages prefixed, in the 
JGurneys of the English kings. — Hanmer. 
AES-Ta'TION, n. [L. gestatio.] 1. The act of carrying 
young in the womb from conception to delivery; preg- 
nancy. 2. The act of wearing, as clothes or ornaments. 
3. Exercise by being borne or "earned, as on horseback or 
in a carriage ; passive exercise. 
<5ES'TA-TO-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy. 

2. That may be carried or worn. 
6ESTIG, a. 1 . Pertaining to deeds ; legendary. 2. Relating 

to bodily motion, as in the dance. — Sir W. Scott. 
GES-TI€'U-LaTE, v. i. [L. gesticultor.] To make gestures 

or motions, as in speaking ; to use postures. 
dES-TIUU-LlTE, v. t. To represent by gesture ; to act— 

Ben Jonson. 
<SES-TI€U-La-TING, ppr. Making gesticulations. 
GES-TIC-U-LITION, n. [L. gesticulatio.] 1. The act of 
making gestures to express passion, or enforce sentiments. 
2. Gesture ; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking or 
representation. 3. Antic tricks or motions. 
(JES-TICU-La-TOR, n. One who shows postures or makes 

gestures. 
6ES-TIU'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Representing in gestures. 
t gES'TOR, n. One who related the gestes, or achievements, 

of distinguished personages. — Chaucer. 
6ES'TUR-AL, a. Belonsjing to gesture. 
GESTURE (jesfyur), n. [L. gestus.] 1. A motion of the 
body or limbs, expressive of sentiment or passion ; any 
action, attitude, or posture intended to express an idea or 
a passion, or to enforce an argument or opinion. 2. Move- 
ment of the body or limbs. — Milton. 
GESTURE, v. t. To accompany with gesture or action. 
GESTURED, pp. Accompanied with gesture or action. 
GESTUR-ING. ppr. Accompanying with gesture or action. 
GES'TURE-LESS. a, Free from eestures. 
GESTURE-MENT, n. Act of making gestures. 
GET, v. t. ; pret. got, [gat, obs.] pp. got, gotten. [Sax. getan, 
gytan, or geatan.] 1. To gain possession of. Get differs 
frcm acquire, as it does not always express permanence 
of possession, which is the appropriate sense of acquire. 
2. To have ; as, " thou hast got the face of a man." — Her- 
bert. [This is a common, but gross abuse of this word.] 3. 
To beget ; to procreate ; to generate. 4. To learn ; to 



con, as a lesson. 5. To prevail on ; to induce ; to per 
euade ; [not elegant.] 6. To procure to be ; as, we could 
not get the work done ; [not elegant.] 
To get off. 1. To put off; to take or pull off, as a coat; also, 
to remove, as a stranded vessel. 2. To sell ; to dispose 
of. — To get on, to put on ; to draw or pull on. — To get in, 
to collect and shelter ; to bring under cover. — To get out, 

1. To draw forth ; to extort, as a secret. 2. To draw out; 
to disengage. — To get the day, to win ; to conquer ; to gain 
the victory. — To get together, to collect ; to amass. — To get 
over, to surmount ; to conquer; to pass without being ob- 
structed. — To get above, to surmount; to surpass. — To get 
tip, to prepare for coming before the public ; to bring for 
ward. With a pronoun following, it signifies to betake ; 
to remove ; to go. — Syn. To obtain ; procure ; attain ; 
realize. 

GET, v. i. To arrive at any place or state ; followed by 
some modifying word. 

To get away or away from, to depart ; to quit ; to leave ; or to 
disengage one's self from. — To get among, to arrive in the 
midst of; to become one of a number. — To get before, to 
arrive in front, or more forward. — To get behind, to fall in 
the rear ; to lag. — To get bach, to arrive at the place from 
which one departed ; to return. — To get clear, to disen- 
gage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, ob- 
ligation, or burden ; also, to be freed from danger or em- 
barrassment. — To get down, to descend ; to come from an 
elevation. — To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling. — To 
get in or into, to arrive within an inclosure, or a mixed 
body ; to pass in ; to insinuate one's self. — To get loose or 
free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confine- 
ment. — To get of, to escape; to depart; to get clear; also, 
to alight ; to descend from. — To get out, to depart from an 
inclosed place or from confinement ; to escape ; to free 
one's self from embarrassment. — To get along, to proceed , 
to advance. — To get rid of, to disengage one's self from , 
also, to shift off; to remove. — To get together, to meet; to 
assemble ; to convene. — To get up, to arise ; to rise from 
a bed or a seat ; also, to ascend ; to climb. — To get through, 
to pass through and reach a point beyond any thing ; also, 
to finish ; to accomplish. — To get quit of, to get rid of; to 
shift off, or to disengage one's self from. — To get foncard, 
to proceed ; to advance ; also, to prosper ; to advance in 
wealth. — To get near, to approach within a small distance 
— To get ahead, to advance ; to prosper. — To get on, tc 
proceed; to advance. — To get a mile, or other distance, tc 
pass over it in traveling. — To get at. to reach ; to make 
way to. — To get asleep, to fall asleep. — To get drunk, to be 
come intoxicated. — To get between, to arrive between. — Tc 
get to, to reach ; to arrive. 

GETTER, n. 1. One who gets, gains, obtains, or acquires 

2. One who begets or procreates. 

GETTING, ppr. Obtaining ; procuring ; gaining ; winning , 
begetting. 

GETTING, n. 1. The act of obtaining, gaining, or acquiring; 
acquisition. 2. Gain ; profit. — Swift. 

GEWGAW, n. [qu. Sax. ge-gaf] A showy trifle ; a pretty 
thing of little worth ; a toy ; a bawble ; a splendid play- 
thing. 

GEWGAW, a. Showy without value. — Law. 

GEY'SER, n. [Icelandic, raging or roaring.] The name of 
certain fountains in Iceland which spout forth boiling 
water. — Mantell. 

t GHaST'FUL, a. [See Ghastly.] Dreary ; dismal ; fit for 
walking ghosts. — Spenser. 

GHaST'FUL-LY, adv. Frightfully.— Pope. 

GHXST'LI-NESS, n. Horror of countenance ; a deathlike 
look ; resemblance of a ghost ; paleness. 

GHiSTLY, a. [Sax. gastlic] 1. Like a ghost in appear- 
ance ; deathlike ; pale ; dismal ; grim. 2. Horrible ; shock- 
ing; hideous; frightful, as wounds. 

t GHISTNESS, n. Ghastliness.— Shak. 

GHAUT (gawt). n. [qu. gate ?] In the East Indies, literally, 
a pass through a mountain ; hence, also, a range or chain 
of mountains. 2. Stairs descending to a river. — Malcom. 

GHEE, n. In the East Indies, butter clarified by boiling, 
and thus converted into a kind of oil. 

GHE'BER and GHe'BRE, n. See Gueber. 

GHER'KIN (gurikin), n. [G. gurke.] A small pickled cucum 
ber. — Skinner. 

f GHESS, for guess. 

GHIB'EL-LINE, n. One of a faction in Italy, in the thirteenth 
century, which favored the emperors and opposed the 
Guelfs, or adherents of the popes. — Brande. 

GH5LE, n. An imaginary demon of the East, supposed to 
prey on human bodies ; more properly ghoul. 

GHoST (gost), n. [Sax. gast ; G. geist.] 1. Spirit; the so-il 
of man. — Shak. 2. The soul of a deceased person ; the 
soul or spirit separate from the body. — To give up th.t 
ghost, is to die ; to yield up the breath or spirit ; to expire. 
Scripture.— -The Holy Ghost is the third person in the 
adorable Trinity. Scripture.— Syn Apparition ; spectre ; 
phantom ; shade. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoltU. 



GIB 



448 



GIL 



t GH5ST v. i. To die ; to expire. — Sidney. 

*• GHOST, v. t. To haunt with an apparition. — Shak. 

t GHoST'LESS, a. Without spirit ; without life. — 72. Clarke. 

GHoSTLlKE, a. Withered ; having sunken eyes ; ghastly. 
— Sherwood. 

GHoST'LI-NESS, n. Spiritual tendency. [Little used.] 

GHoST'LY, a. 1. Spiritual ; relating to the soul ; not car- 
nal or secular. 2. Spiritual ; having a character from re- 
ligion. 3. Pertaining to apparitions. 

GH5UL (gool), n. A demon that feeds on the dead. 

GIAL-LO-Li'NO, n. [Itgiallo.] A fine yellow pigment, much 
used under the name of Naples yellow — TJre. 

f GIAM'BEUX (zham'bo), n. pi. [Fr. jambe.] Greaves ; ar- 
mor for the legs. — Spenser. 

6£'ANT, v. [Fr.geant; L. gigas.] 1. A man of extraordi- 
nary bulk and stature. 2. A person of extraordinary 
strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. — Giant's Cause- 
way, a vast collection of basaltic pillars in the county of 
Antrim, in Ireland. 

Gl'ANT, a. Like a giant ; extraordinary in size. 

Gl'ANT-FEN'NEL, n. A tall herb of the genus fenula, 
whose stalk was formerly used as a rod to punish chil- 
dren. 

GI'ANT-KILL'ING, a. Killing or destroying giants. 

Gl'ANT-LlKE, ? a. Of unusual size ; resembling a giant in 

Gi'ANT-LY, 5 bulk or stature ; gigantic ; huge. [Giant- 
ly is not much used.] 

Gl'ANT-ESS, n. A female giant ; a female of extraordina- 
ry size and stature. — Shak. 

Gl'ANT-lZE, v. i. To play the giant.— Sherwood. 

Gl'ANT-RY, n. The race of giants. [Little used.] 

Gl' ANT-SHIP, n. The state, quality, or character of a giant. 

GIAOUR (jowr), n. [Infidel.] A name given by Turks to 
unbelievers in their religion, and especially to Christians. 

f GIB, n. A cat. — Skelton. 

t GIB, v. i. To act like a cat; to caterwaul. — Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

GIB'-CAT, n. A he-cat, or an old, worn-out cat. 

GIB'-STAFF, n. A staff to gauge water or to push a boat ; 
formerly, a staff \ised in fighting beasts on the stage. 

f GIBBE. n. An old, worn-out animal. — Shak. 

t GIBB.ED, a. Having been caterwauling. — J. Bulwer. 

t GIB'BER, v. i. [See Gabble.] To speak rapidly and inar- 
ticulately. — Shak. 

GIB'BER-ISH, n. Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligi- 
ble language ; unmeaning words. 

GIB'BER-ISH, a. Unmeaning, as words.— Swift. 

t GIB'BER-ISH, v. i. To prate idly or unintelligibly-— Mon- 
tagu. 

MBTSET, n. [Fr. gibet.] 1. A gallows ; a post or machine 
in form of a gallows, on which notorious malefactors are 
hanged in chains, and on which their bodies are suffered 
to remain. 2. The projecting beam of a crane, on which 
the pulley is fixed. — Brande. 

GIB'BET, v. t. 1. To hang and expose on a gibbet. 2. To 
hang or expose on any thing going traverse. 

GIBTJET-ED, pp. Hanged and exposed on a gibbet. 

GIBTBET-ING, ppr. Hanging and exposing on a gibbet. 

f GIB'BIeR, n. [Fr.] Wild fowl ; game.— Addison. 

GIB'BLE-GAB'BLE, n. Any rude or noisy conversation ; 
fustian language ; barbarous speech. — Bullokar. 

GIB-BoSE', a. [L. gibba.] Humped ; a term applied to a 
surface which presents one or more large elevations. — 
Brande. 

GIB-BOSTTY, n. [Fr. gibbosite.] Protuberance; a round or 
swelling prominence ; convexity. 

GIB'BOUS, a. [L. gibbus.] 1. Swelling; protuberant; con- 
vex ; applied to the shape of the moon during the week 
before and after the full moon. — Barlow. 2. Hunched ; 
hump-backed ; crook-backed. 

GIB'BOUS-LY, adv. In a gibbous or protuberant form. 

GIB'BOUS-NESS, n. Protuberance ; a round prominence ; 
convexity. 

GIBBS'lTE, n. [from George Gibbs, Esq.] A mineral found 
at Richmond, in Massachusetts. It is a hydrate of alumina. 

(JIBE, v. i. [Sax. gabban.] To cast reproaches and sneering 
expressions ; to rail at ; to utter taunting, sarcastic words ; 
_to flout; to fleer; to scoff; to sneer. 

6lBE, v. t. To reproach with contemptuous words ; to de- 
ride ; to scoff at ; to treat with sarcastic reflections ; to 
taunt ; to ridicule ; to jeer ; to mock. 

6IBE, n. An expression of censure mingled with contempt ; 
sarcastic scorn. — Syn. Scoff; taunt ; railing ; jeer ; sneer ; 
reproach; insult. 

GIB'EL-LINE, n. See Ghibelline. 

6iB'eR, n. One who utters reproachful, cencorious, and 
contemptuous expressions, or who casts cutting, sarcastic 
jreflections ; one who derides ; a scoffer. 

GlB'lNG, ppr. Uttering reproachful, contemptuous, and cen- 
sorious words ; scoffing. 

^TBING-LY, adv. Witn censorious, sarcastic, and con- 
temptuous expressions ; scornfully. — Shak. 

SIB'LET, a. Made of giblets ; as, a gihlet pie. 



GIB'LETS, v . pi. Those parts of poultry which are usually ex 
eluded in roasting, as the head, feet, pinions, heart, giz 
zard, liver, &c. 

GID'DI ED, pp. Made to reel. 

GID'DI-LY, adv. 1. With the head seeming to turn or reel 
2. Inconstantly ; unsteadily ; with various turnings. 3, 
Carelessly; heedlessly; negligently. 

GID'DI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being giddy or vertiginous 
vertigo ; dizziness ; a sensation of reeling or whirling ; a 
swimming of the head. 2. Inconstancy ; unsteadiness ; 
volatility ; changeableness ; mutability. 3. Frolic ; was. 
tonness ; levity ; lightness. 

GID'DY, a. [Sax. gidig.] 1. Vertiginous ; reeling ; whirl 
ing ; dizzy ; having in the head a sensation of a circular 
motion or swimming. 2. That renders giddy ; that indu 
ces giddiness ; as, a giddy elevation. 3. Rotary ; whirl 
ing; running round with celerity. — Pope. 4. Inconstant; 
unstable; changeable; fickle; volatile. 5. Heedless; wild, 
thoughtless; roving. 6. Tottering; unfixed; as, a giddy 
footing. — Shak. 7. Intoxicated; elated to thoughtlessness 
rendered wild by excitement or joy. 

GID'DY, v. i. To turn quick. — Chapman. 

GID'DY, v. t. To make reeling or unsteady. — Farindon. 

GID'DY- BRaINSD, a. Careless ; thoughtless. 

GID'DY-HeAD (-hed), n. A person without thought or 
judgment. 

GID'DY-HeAD-ED, a. Heedless ; unsteady ; volatile ; rn 
cautious.— Donne. 

GID'DY-PaOED (-past), a. Moving irregularly.— Shah 

f GlE. A contraction of guide. — Chaucer. 

* 6IeR'-e A-GLE, n.. A bird of the eagle kind.— Levit., ii., 13. 

GIe'SECK-iTE, n. [from Sir C. Giesecke.] A mineral which 
has been considered identical with elaolite. 

GIF, v. t, [Sax. gifan.] The old but true spelling of if. 

GIFT, n. 1. Any thing given or bestowed. 2. The act ol 
giving or conferring. — Milton. 3. The right or power ol 
giving or bestowing. 4. An offering or oblation. 5. A re- 
ward. 6. A bribe ; any thing given to corrupt the judg- 
ment. 7. Power ; some quality conferred by the Author 
of our nature. — Syn. Present; donation; grant; largess; 
benefaction ; boon ; bounty ; gratuity ; endowment ; tal- 
ent; faculty. 

GIFT, v. t. To endow with any power or faculty. 

GIFT'ED, pp. or a. Endowed by nature with any pownr 
or faculty ; furnished with any narticular talent. 

GIFT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being gifted. 

GIFT'ING, ppr. Endowing with any power or faculty. 

t GIG, v. t. [L. gigno.] 1. To engender. — Dryden. 2. To 
fish with a gig or fish-gig. 

GIG, n. [It. giga ; Fr. gigve.] The radical idea seems to b* 
that of rapid motion. Hence, 1. A top, or whirligig ; any 
little thing that is whirled round in play. 2. A light car 
riage with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse ; a 
chair or chaise. 3. A fiddle. 4. A dart or harpoon ; [«« 
Fish-gig.] 5. A light ship's boat, designed for rapid mo- 
tion. 6. An active, playful person. — 7. Gigs, or gig-ma- 
chines, are rotary cylinders covered with wire teeth, for 
Jteazling woolen cloth. — Brande. 

6i-GAN-Te'AN, a. [L. giganteus.] Like a giant ; mighty .- 
More. 

6l-GAN'TI€, a. [L. giganticus.] 1. Of extraordinary size 
very large; like a giant. 2. Figuratively, very great; ex 
cessive ; as, gigantic crime. — Gigantical and gigantine, 
for gigantic, are rarely or never used. — Syn. Huge ; pro- 
_digious ; mighty ; enormous ; colossal ; vast ; immense. 

Gl-GAN-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ytyas and \oyo$.] An account 
_or description of giants. 

6l-GAN-TOM'A-€HY, n. [Gr. ytyas, giant, and \xaxn, fight] 
The fabulous war of the giants against heaven. 

GIG'GLE, n. [Sax. geagl] A kind of laugh, with short 
catches of the voice or breath. 

GIG'GLE, v. i. [D. gichgelen ; Sax. geagl] To laugh with 
short catches of the breath or voice ; to laugh in" a silly, 
puerile manner ; to titter. 

GIG'GLER, n. One who giggles or titters. 

GIG'GLING, ppr. or a. Laughing with short catches ; tit 
teri.ng. 

GIG'GLING, n. The act of laughing with short catches 
tittering. 

GIG'LET, \ n. [Sax. geagl] A wanton ; a lascivious girl 

GIG'LOT, 5 —Shak. 

GIG'LOT, , a. Giddy; light; inconstant; wanton. — Shak. 

GIG'OT (jig'ot), n. [Fr.] A term applied, in cookery, to a leg 
of mutton. 

GII/BERT-lNE, n. One of a religious order so named from 
Gilbert, lord of Sempringham, England. 

GIL'BERT-lNE, a. Belonging to the monastic order men 
tioned above. — Weever. 

GILD, v. t. ; pret. and pp. gilded, or gilt. [Sax. g ildan, gyl- 
dan, geldan.] 1. To overlay with gold, either in leaf or 
powder, or in amalgam with quicksilver ; to overspread 
with a thin covering of gold. 2. To cover with any yel 
low matter. 3. To adorn with lustre ; to render bright 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, Sec, long.—l, E. I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



GIN 



449 



G1R 



4. To illuminate ; to brighten. 5. To give a fair and 
agreeable external appearance. 

SILD'ED. pp. or a. Overlaid with gold leaf or a thin coat- 
ing of gold ; illuminated. 

oILD'ER, n. 1. One who gilds; one whose occupation is 
to overlay things with gold. 2. A Dutch coin of the value 
of 20 stivers, about 38 cents ; usually written guilder. 

eflLD'ING, ppr. Overlaying with gold; giving a fair extern- 
al appearance. 

HI. DING, n. 1. The art or practice of overlaying things 
with gold-leaf or a thin coating of gold. 2. That which is 
laid on. in overlaying with gold. 

iILL, it. [Sw. gel.} 1. The organ of respiration in fishes, 
consisting of a cartilaginous or bony arch, attached to the 
bones of the head, and furnished, on the exterior convex 
side, with a multitude of tleshy leaves, or fringed, vascular 
fibrils, resembling plumes, and of a red color. 2. The flap 
that hangs below the beak of a fowl or bird. 3. The flesh 
. on the lower part of the cheeks or under the chin. — 4. In 
England, a pair of wheels and a frame on which timber 
is conveyed ; [local.] 5. A woody glen ; a place between 
steep banks and a rivulet flowing through it ; a brook. — 
Grose.— Gray; [local.) 

AILL, n. [Low L. gilla.] A measure of capacity, contain- 
ing the fourth part of a pint 

6ELL. n. 1. A plant, ground-ivy, of the genus glechoma. 2. 
Malt liquor medicated with ground-ivy. 

GILL, n. [In Sw. gilja.] In ludicrous language, a female ; 
a sportive or wanton girl ; from Gillian, a woman's name. 
—Grose. 

GILL'-BEaR-ING, a. Producing gills. 

Gil L'-FLAP, ??. A membrane attached to the posterior 
edge of the gill-lid, immediately closing the gill-opening. 

611 L'-FLiRT, «. A sportive or wanton girl ; the same as 
jill-fiirt. 

ilLL'-HOUSE, n. A place where the liquor gill is sold. — 
Pope. 

ilLL'-LTD. n. The covering of the gills. 

GILL'-o-P-EN-ING, n. The aperture of a fish or other ani- 
mal, by which water is admitted to the gills. 

f GlL'Ll-AN. n. A wanton girl. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

GIL'LIE, n. A boy; a page or menial. — Walter Scott. 

dIL'LY-FLOW-ER, n. The name of certain plants, cultiva- 
ted for their beautiful, fragrant flowers. 

GILSE, n. A young salmon. 

GILT, pp. or a. [from gild.} Overlaid with gold-leaf, or a 
thin coating of gold: illuminated ; adorned. 

GILT, n. l.~Gold laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. — 
Shak. — 2. In England, a young female pig. — Cyc. 

GILT'-EDgED, a. Having the edge covered with gold-leaf. 

GILT'-HkAD, n. [gilt and head.] 1. In ichthyology, a spin- 
ous-linned fish, having a golden yellow space over the eyes. 
2. A bird. 

GILT'-TaIL, n. A worm so called from its yellow tail. 

GlM, a. [contracted from gemmy.] Neat; spruce; well- 
dressed. 

GIM'BAL, n. A name given to the two brass rings by which 
a sea compass is suspended in its box. 

GlM'CRACK, n. A trivial mechanism ; a device ; a toy ; a 
pretty thing. — Arbuthnot. 

GIM'LET, n. [Fr. gibelet.] A small instrument with a point- 
ed screw at the end, for boring holes in wood. 

GIM'LET. v. t. In seamen's language, to turn round an an- 
chor by the stock. — Mar. Diet. 

GJM'LET-ING, n. Act of turning an anchor round by the 
stock. 

GIM'LET-IXG. ppr. Turning, as an anchor, round the stock. 

GIM'MAL, n. [L. gemellus.] Joined work whose parts move 
within each other, as a bridle-bit or interlocked rings ; a 
quaint piece of machinery.— Toone. 

GIM'MAL. a. Consisting of links.— Shah. 

tGIM'MER. n. Movement or machinery. — More. 

GIMP, v. [Fr. guiper.) A kind of silk twist or eddng. 

\ GIMP, a. [ W. gwymp.] Smart ; spruce ; trim ; nice. 

(SIN, n. A contraction of Geneva ; a distilled spirit flavored 
with oil of juniper or oil of turpentine. 

GIN, n. [a contraction of engine.} 1. A machine for driving 
piles, raising great weights, &c. 2. A trap ; a snare. 

GIN, v. t. 1. To clear cotton of its seeds by a machine. 2. 
To catch in a trap. 

GIN. v. i. To begin. [Sax. gynnan.] 

GlN'-HOUSE, n. A building where cotton is ginned. 

GlN'-SHOP. n. A shop forlhe retail of gin. 

t GING, n. [for gang.} A body of persons acting together ; 
as, there is a ging, a conspiracy against me.— Shah. 

GlN'GER, n. [It. gengiovo ; Sp. gengibre.} A plant, or the 
root of zinziber officinale, a native of Gingi, in China, much 
used for culinary and other purposes. 

6LN'6ER-POP, R ' } "" Beer imprecated with ginger. 
AIN'gER-BRkAD, n. [ginger and bread.] A kind of cake, 

composed of flour with an admixture of butter, pearlash, 

and ginger, sweetened. 



gIN'gER-BReAD-W6RK, n. Work cut or carved in varied 
and fanciful shapes, as an ornament to buildings, &c- 
Grose. m 

GlN'GER-WiNE, n. Wine impregnated with ginger. 

GlN'GER-LY, adv. Nicely; gently; cautiously.— Skcfam. 

t dlN'GER-NESS, n. Niceness ; tenderness. 

GING'HAM, n. A kind of striped cotton cloth. 

GlN'GlNG, n. In mining, the lining of a mine-shaft, for the 
purpose of support. 

GlN'Gl-VAL, a. [L. gingiva.] Pertaining to the gums. 

GlN"GLE, 1 v. i. [Pers. zangl] 1. To make a sharp, clatter- 

JIN"GLE, 5 ing sound ; to ring, as a little bell, or as smalt 
pieces of sonorous metal. 2. To utter affected or chiming 
sounds in periods or cadence. 

GlN"GLE, v. t. To shake so as to make clattering sounds in 
quick succession ; to ring, as a little bell. 

GlN"GLE, n. 1. A shrill, clattering sound. 2. Affectation in 
the sounds of periods in reading or speaking. 

GlN"GL£D (jing'gld), pp. Shaken so as to ring or make a 
clattering sound. 

GlN"GLING, ppr. or a. Shaking so as to make a clattering 
sound. 

GlN'GLING, n. The act of gingling; a ginghng. 

GIN"GLY-MOID, a. [Gr. yiyyXvuoS and tiSoS.] Pertaining 
to or resembling a ginglymus. 

GIN"GLY-MUS, n. [Gr. yiyy\vuoS-] In anatomy, a species 
of articulation resembling a hinge. 

gINNjED, pp. Caught in a trap ; cleared of seeds, as cotton. 

GlN'NET, n. A nag. See Jennet. 

G LVNING, ppr. Catching in a trap ; clearing cotton of 
seeds. 

GlN'NING, n. The operation by which cotton is separated 
from its seeds. — Ure. 

GlN'SENG, n. [this word is probably Chinese.] A plant of 
the genus panax, the root of which is in great demand 
among the Chinese. It is found in the northern parts of 
Asia and America, and is an article of export from Ameri- 
ca to China. 

GlP, v. t. To take out the entrails of herrings. 

GIP'ON. See Juppon. 

GlP'SY, n. 1. The Gipsies are a race of vagabonds who 
infest Europe, Africa, and Asia, strolling about and sub- 
sisting mostly by theft, robbery, and fortune-telling. The. 
name is supposed to be corrupted from Egyptian. 2. A\ 
reproachful name for a dark complexion. 3. A name of 
slight reproach to a woman ; sometimes implying artifice 
or cunning. 4. The language of the Gipsies. 

GlP'SY, a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Gipsies. 

GlP'SY-ISM, v. 1. The arts and practices of Gipsies; de- 
ception; cheating; flattery. 2. The state of a Gipsy. 

GlP'tflRE, K. A small bag or pouch formerly attached to 
the girdle. 

GT-RAFFE, n. [At. zariffa; Sp.girafa; It. giraffa,] Thecam- 
elopard, an African quadruped, sometimes twenty feet: 
high, having very long fore legs and neck. See Camelo- 

PARD. 

GlR'AN-DOLE. n. [It. girandola.] A chandelier ; a large 
kind of branched candlestick. 

*GlR'A-SOLE, )7i. [Fr., Sp. ; It. girasole.] 1. The turn- 

GlR'A-SOL, 3 sole, a plant of the genu3 heliotropium. 
2. A mineral which, when turned to the sun, reflects a 
reddish light. 

GtRD, 72. [Sax. geard, gyrd, or gyrda.] 1. A twitch or pang; 
a sudden spasm. — 2. In popular language, a severe stroke 
of a stick or whip. 

GIRD, v. t. ; pret. and pp. girded, or girt. [Sax. gyrdan.] 1. 
To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as 
with a twig, a cord, bandage, or cloth. 2. To make fast 
by binding ; to put on : commonly with o?2. 3. To invest; 
to surround ; as, girded with strength. 4. To clothe ; to 
dress; to habit 5. To furnish ; to equip, as with wiles.—- 
Milton. 6. To surround; to encircle; to inclose; to en 
compass, as with a river. 7. To gil#; to reproach severe- 
ly ; to lash.— Shak. 

GIRD. v. i. To gibe ; to sneer ; to break a scornful jest; to 
litter severe sarcasms. 

GiRD'ED, pp. Bound; surrounded; invested; put on. 

GiRD'ER, 72,. 1. In architecture, the principal piece of tim- 
ber in a floor, in which the joists are framed.— Shak. 2. 
A satirist 

GiR.D'ING, ppr. Binding; surrounding; investing. 

GiRD'ING, 72. A covering.— Is., iii. 

GiRD'LE, ?2. [Sax. gyrdle, gyrdl.] 1. A band or belt ; some 
thing drawn round the waist of a person, and tied or buck 
led. 2. Inclosure ; circumference. — Shak. 3. The zodiac. 
4. A round iron plate for baking. Pegge.—5. Among jeto- 
elcrs, the line which encompasses the stone, parallel to the 
horizon. 

GiRD'LE, v. t. 1. To bind with a belt or sash ; to gird. 2. 
To inclose ; to environ ; to shut in. Shak.— 3. In America, 
to make a circular incision, like a belt through the bark 
and alburnum of a tree, to kill it — Dwight. 

GiRD'LE-BELT, n. A belt that encircles the waist. 



D6VE; 



-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t 
Ff 



GIV 



450 



GLA 



GIRD'LE-STEAD, re. The part of the body where the gir- 
dle is worn. — Mason. 

<?1RD'L£D, pp. Bound with a belt or sash. 

GiRD'LER, re. One who girdles ; a maker of girdles. 

GiRD'LING, ppr. Binding with a belt ; surrounding. 

GlRE, n. [L. gyrus.] A circle, or circular motion. See 
Gyhe. 

GtRL, re. [probably Low L. gerula.] 1. A female child, or 
young woman; sometimes familiarly applied to any un- 
married woman.— 2. Among sportsmen, a roebuck of two 
years old. 

GIRL'HOOD, n. The state of a girl. 

GIRLISH, a. 1. Like a young woman or child ; befitting a 
girl. 2. Pertaining to the youth of a female. 

GiRL'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a girl. 

1 GtRN, v. i. A corruption of grin. — South. 

Gl-ROND'IST, n. A word denoting a celebrated political 
party in the French Revolution. — Brande. 

GIR'RO€K, n. A species of gar-fish, the lacertus. 

GiRT, pret. and pp. of gird. 

GiRT, v. t. To gird ; to surround. — Thomson. 

GIRT, ) n. 1. The band or strap by which a saddle or any 

GIRTH, 5 burden on a horse's back is made fast, by pass- 
ing under his belly. 2. A circular bandage. 3. The com- 
pass measured by a girth or inclosing bandage. 

GiRT'ED, pp. Girded; surrounded. 

GiRTH, v. t. To bind with a girth. , 

GIRTING, ppr. Girding. 

GlSE (jiz), v. t. To teed or pasture. See Agist. 

1 GlS'LE (jizl), n. A pledge. 

GIST (jist, or jit. Smart and Knowles give jist, Jameson 
jit), n. [Fr. gesir, gite.] In law, the main point of a ques- 
tion ; the point on which an action rests. 

GITH, n. Guinea pepper. 

GITTERN, 77. [L. cithara.] A guitar. See Guitar. 

GITTERN, v. i. To play on a gittern.— Milton. 

&IU8TO ( jus'to). [It] In music, in just, equal, or steady time. 

GIVE, v. t. ; pret. gave ; pp. given. [Sax. gifan, gyfan.] 1. 
To bestow ; to confer ; to grant or transfer without re- 
quiring a recompense. 2. To transmit from himself 
to another by hand, speech, or writing ; to deliver. 3. 
To impart ; to bestow. 4. To communicate, as a no- 
tice. 5. To pass or deliver the property of a thing to 
another for an equivalent ; to pay. 6. To yield ; to lend ; 
in the phrase to give ear. 7. To quit ; in the phrase to give 
place. 8. To confer; to grant. 9. To expose ; to yield to 
the power of. — Dry den. 10. To grant ; to allow ; to per- 
mit. — Rome. 11. To afford; to supply; to furnish. 12. 
To empower ; to license ; to commission. — Pope. 13. To 
pay or render, as thanks. 14. To render ; to pronounce, 
as a decision. 15. To utter ; to vent. 16. To produce ; 
to show ; to exhibit, as a product or result. 17. To cause 
to exist ; to excite in another, as pleasure or pain. 18. To 
send forth ; to emit, as heat. 19. To addict ; to apply ; to 
devote one's self, followed by the reciprocal pronoun. 20. 
To resign; to yield: often with up. 21. To pledge, aa 
one's word. 22. To present for taking or acceptance, as 
one's hand. 23. To allow or admit by way of suppo- 
sition. 

To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing ; to 
make over to another ; to transfer. — To give bach, to re- 
turn ; to restore. — To give chase, to pursue. — To give forth, 
to publish ; to tell ; to report publicly. — To give the hand, 
to yield pre-eminence, as being subordinate or inferior. — 
To give in, to allow by way of abatement or deduction 
from a claim ; to yield what may be justly demanded. — 
To give over. 1. To leave ; to quit ; to cease; to abandon, 
as an occupation. 2. To addict ; to attach to ; to abandon ; 
as, to give one's self over to vice. 3. To despair of recov- 
ery ; to believe to be lost, or past recovery. 4. To aban- 
don. — To give out. 1. To utter publicly; to report; to 
proclaim ; to publish, as a story. 2. To issue ; to send 
forth ; to publish, as#n order. 3. To show ; to exhibit in 
false appearance. 4. To send out ; to emit, as fragrance. 
—To give up. 1. To resign ; to renounce ; to quit ; to 
pield as hopeless. 2. To surrender. 3. To relinquish ; to 
oede. 4. To abandon; to forsake. 5. To deliver. — To 
■give one's self up. 1. To despair of one's recovery ; to 
conclude to be lost. 2. To resign or devote. 3. To ad- 
iict; to abandon. — To give way. 1. To yield; to with- 
iraw to make room for. 2. To fail ; to yield to force ; to 
break or fall. 3. To recede; to make room for. — i. In 
teamen's language, give way is an order to a boat's crew to 
row after ceasing, or to increase their exertions. 

VIVE, v. i. 1. To yield to pressure. 2. To begin to melt ; 
to thaw ; to grow soft, so as to yield to pressure. 3. To 
move ; to recede. 

To give in, to go back ; to give way ; [obs.] — To give into, 
to yield assent; to adopt. — To give off, to cease; to for- 
bear. Locke. — To give on. to rush : to fall on ; [obs.]— To 
give out. 1. To publish ; to proclaim. 2. To cease from 
exertion ; to yield ; [applied to persons.] — To give over, t"> 
cease ; to act no more ; to desert. 



grant 



* ik* Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, i, &c, short.— FXR, 1 %hh, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD 



j GIVEN (giv'n), pp. or a. Bestowed ; granted ; conferred 

imparted ; admitted or supposed. 
I GIVER, n. One who gives; a donor; abestower; a graD*- 
_or ; one who imparts or distributes. 

GIVES, n. pi. [It. geibhion.] Fetters or shackles for the 
feet. See Gyves. 

GIVING, ppr. Bestowing; conferring; imparting 
ing ; delivering. 

GIVING,?/. 1. The act of conferring. — Pope. 2. An alleg- 
ing of what is not real.— Shak. 

GIZ'ZARD, n. [Fr. gesier.] The strong, musculous stomach 
of a bird. Dryden. — To fret the gizzard, to harass ; to vex 
one's self, or to be vo.zed.—Hudibras. 

t GLa'BRI-aTE, v. t. [L. glabro.] To make smooth. 

f GLAB'RI-TV, re. Smoothness. 

GLa'BROUS, a. [L.glaber.] Smooth; having a surface 
without hairs or any unevenness. 

GLa'CIAL (gla'shal), a. [Fr. glacial.] Icy ; consisting of 
ice ; frozen. — Glacial phenomena, those which belong to 
glaciers. — Glacial theory ; see Glacier theory. 

GLa'CIaTE, v. i. To turn to ice. — Diet. 

GLa-CI-a'TION (gla-she-a'shun), n. The act of freezing , 
ice formed. — Brown. 

GLa'CIkR, n. [Fr. glacicre.] A field or immense mass of 
ice, formed in deep but elevated valleys, or on the sides of 
the Alps or other mountains. — Glacier theory, in geology* 
the theory of an early ice period throughout the globe, 
when vast masses of rock, &c, were transported on i»V 
ands of ice to their present localities. 

GLa'CIOUS (gla'shus), n. Like ice ; icy. — Brown. 

* GLa'CIS, n. [Fr.] 1. In building, gardening, geology, &c, 
an easy, insensible slope. — 2. In fortification , a sloping bank. 

GLAD, a. [Sax. glad, or glad.] 1. Affected with pleasure 
or moderate joy • moderately happy : commonly with of; 
also, with at. 2. Wearing the appearance of joy. 3. Wear- 
ing a gay appearance ; showy ; bright. 4. Affording or 
imparting pleasure. 5. Expressing gladness or joy ; ex- 
citing joy. — Syn. Pleased ; gratified ; exhilarated ; anima- 
ted; delighted; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; ex- 
hilarating ; pleasing ; animating. 

GLAD, v. t. [the pret. and pp. gladded is not used.] To make 
glad ; to affect with pleasure ; to cheer ; to gladden ; to ex- 
hilarate. 

tGLAD, v. i. To be glad; to rejoice. — Massinger. 

GLADTJ.EN (glad'n), v. t. [Sax. gladian.] To make glad.- 
Syn. To cheer ; please ; exhilarate ; comfort ; animate 
enliven ; gratify ; delight. 

GLAD'D£N (glad'n), v. i. To become glad ; to rejoice. 

GLAD'D£N£D./|p. Made glad ; cheered. 

GLAD'D£N-ING, ppr. or a. Cheering; exhilarating. 

GLAD'DP^R. n. One who makes glad, or gives joy. 

GLAD'DING, ppr. Making glad; cheering; giving joy. 

GLaDE, re. [\ce\.hlad. Qu.j 1. An opening or passage made 
through a wood by lopping off the branches of the trees. 
Locally, in the United States, a natural opening or open 
place in a forest.— 2. In New England, an opening in the 
ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen. 

GLIDE, re. [D. glad.] Smooth ice. [New England.] 

GLa'D£N, ) n. [L. giadius.] Sword-grass ; the general 

GLa'DER, j name of plants that rise with a broad bladi* 
like sedge. 

t GLAD'FUL, a. Full of gladness.— Spenser. 

t GLAD'FUL-NESS, re. Joy ; gladness.— Spenser. 

GI/Ar . a'IE, a. [L. giadius.] Sword-shaped. 

* GLAD'I-A-TOR, re. [L. from giadius.] A sword-player; a 
prize-fighter. The gladiators in Rome were men who 
fought in the arena for the entertainment of the people, 

GLAD-I-A-Td'RI-AL. a. Pertaining to gladiators. 

GLAD'I-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to gladiators.— Bp. Portms. 

t GLAD'I-A-TURE, n. Sword-play ; fencing. — Gayton. 

GLAD'I-OLE, re. [L. gladiolus.] A plant, the sword-lily, of 
the genus gladiolus. 

GLAD'LY, adv. With pleasure ; joyfully. 

GLAD'NESS, re. Joy, or a moderate degree of joy ; pleas- 
ure of mind ; cheerfulness. [Gladness is rarely or never 
equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it 
usually expresses less than delight.] 

t GLAD'SHIP, n. State of gladness.— Gower. 

GLAD'SoME (-sum), a. 1. Pleased ; joyful ; cheerful. 9. 
Causing joy ; pleasing. — Prior. 

GLAD'S<')ME-LY, adv. "~ With joy; with pleasure. 

GLAD'SoME-NESS, n. Joy, or moderate joy ; pleasure of 
mind. 2. Showiness.— Johnson. 

GLAD'WIN, n. A plant of the genus iris. 

GLaIR, n. [Fr. glaire.] 1. The white of an egg, used as a 
varnish for paintings. 2. Any viscous, transparent sub- 
stance, resembling the white of an egg. 3. A kind of hal- 
berd. 

GLaIR, v. t. To smear with the white of an egg ; to varniflh. 

GLaIRED, pp. Smeared with the white of an egg. 

GLaIR'Y, a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities. 

GLAIVE. See Glave. 

GLa'MOUR, re. Witchery, or a charm on the eyes, making 

MfiVE, BOQlC 



GLA 



451 



GLE 



tnera see things differently from what they really are. — 
Sir Walter Scott. [Scottish.] 

GLXNCE, n. [G. glartz.] 1. A sudden shoot of light or 
splendor. 2. A shoot or darting of sight ; a rapid or mo- 
mentary view or cast : a snatch of sight. 

GLANCE, v. i. 1. To shoot or dart a ray of light or splen- 
dor. — Rowe. 2. To fly off in an oblique direction ; to dart 
aside. 3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye ; 
to snatch a momentary or hasty view. 4. To hint ; to cast 
a word or reflection. 5. To censure by oblique hints. — 
Skalc. 

3LANCE, v. t. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely ; to 
cast for a moment. — SJtak. 

GLANCE, n. A name given to the darker-colored metallic 
sulphurets. — Dana. 

GLaNCE'-CoAL, 7i. Anthracite ; a mineral composed 
chielty of carbon. See Anthracite. 

GLANCED (glanst), pp. Shot, or darted suddenly. 

GLXN'CING. ppr. Shooting; darting; casting suddenly; 
flying off obliquely. 

GLANGING-LY, adv. By glancing; in a glancing manner; 
transiently. — Hakewill. 

GLAND, n. [L. glans.] 1. In anatomy, a soft, fleshy organ, 
in some cases extremely minute, and in others large, like 
the liver. There are two classes of glands, one for the 
modification of the fluids which pass through them, as the 
lymphatic glands ; and the other for the secretion of fluids, 
which are either useful in the animal economy, or which 
require to be rejected from the body. — 2. In botany, a gland 
or glandule is an excretory or secretory duct or vessel in 
a plant. 

GLAND'ERED, a. Affected with glanders.— Berkeley. 

GLAND'ERS, n. In farriery, a contagious and very destruc- 
tive disease of the mucous membrane in horses, charac- 
terized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the 
nose, and a hardening and enlargement of the glands be- 
neath and within the lower jaws. 

GLAN-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. glandifer.} Bearing acorns or 
other nuts; producing nuts or mast. 

GLAND'I-FORM, a. [L. glans and forma.] In the shape of 
a gland or nut; resembling a gland. 

GLAND'U-LAR, a. 1. Containing glands ; consisting of 
elands ; pertaining to glands. — 2. In botany, covered with 
Lairs bearing glands on their tips. — Lindley. 

GLAND-U-La'TEON, n. In botany, the situation and struc- 
ture of the secretory vessels in plants. 

GLANDULE, n. [L. glandula.] A small gland or secreting 
vessel. 

GLAND-U-LTF'ER-OUS, a. [L. glandula and fero.] Bearing 
elands. — Lee. 

CLAND-U-LOS'I-TY, n. A collection of glands.— Brown. 
[Little used.] 

GLAND'U-LOUS, a. [L. glandulosus.] Containing glands ; 
consisting of glands ; pertaining to glands. 

GLANS, n. [See Gland.] The nut of the penis ; an acorn ; 
a pessary; a strumous swelling.— Coxe. 

fiLARE, n. [Dan. glar.] 1. A bright, dazzling light; clear, 
brilliant lustre or splendor, thatdazzles the eyes. 2. A 
fierce, piercing look. 3. A viscous, transparent substance. 
See Glaiu. 

GLaRE, v. i. 1. To shine with a clear, bright, dazzling 
light. 2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes. ' 3. To shine 
with excessive lustre ; to be ostentatiously splendid. 

GLaRE, v. t. To shoot a dazzling light. 

GLaR ET), pp. Shot with a fierce or dazzling li^ht. 

GLaR'E-OUS, a. [Fr. glair eux.] Resembling the white of 
an egg ; viscous, and transparent or white. 

GL a RING, ppr. or a. 1. Emitting a clear and brilliant light ; 
6hining with dazzling lustre. 2. a. Clear ; notorious ; open 
and bold ; barefaced. 

GLaRTNG-LY, adv. Openly; clearly; notoriously. 

GLaR.'1-NESS, ) ; ■■ , v ■'■"•. ; 

GLaR'ING-NESS \ n ' dazzling lustre or brilliancy. 

GLaR'Y, a. Having a dazzling or brilliant lustre. 

GLXSS, n. [Sax. glas ; Sw., Dan., G., and D. glas.] 1. A 
hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substance, formed by 
fusing sand with fixed alkalies.— In chemistry, a substance 
or mixture, earthy, saline, or metallic, brought by fusion 
to the state of a hard, brittle, transparent mass, whose 
fracture is conchoidal. 2. A small drinkimr vessel of glass. 
3. A mirror. 4. A vessel to be tilled with sand for meas- 
uring time. 5. The destined time of man's life. 6. The 
quantity of liquor that a glass vessel contains. 7. A ves- 
sel that shows the weight of the air. 8. A '.ens or optical 
instrument through which an object is viewed. 9. The 
time which a glass runs, or in which it is exhausted of 
sand. 10. Glasses, in the plural, spectacles. 

GLaSS, a. Made of glass ; vitreous ; as, a glass bottle. 

GLXSS, v. t. 1. To see as in a glass; [obs.] 2. To case in 
glass; [little used.] 3. To cover with glass; to glaze. — 
Bci/le. [Glaze is more used.] 

GLaSS'-BLoW-ER, n. One whose business is to blow and 
fashion glass. 



GLaSS'-FaCED (-fast), a. By a glass-faced flatterer, in 
Shaks.peare, is meant one who gives back in his looks by 
reflection the looks of his patron.— Johnson. 

GLaSS'-COACII, n. In England, a coach superior to a 
hackney-coach, hired for the day or any short period as a 
private carriage ; so called, because originally private car- 
riages alone had glass windows.— Smart. 

GLaSS'-FUR-NACE, -«. A furnace in which the materials 
of glass are melted.— Cyc. 

GLaSS'-GaZ'ING, a. Addicted to viewing one's self in a 
glass or mirror ; finical.— Shak. 

GLaSS'-GRiND-ER, n. One whose occupation is to grind 
and polish glass. — Boyle. 

GLASS-HOUSE, n. A house where glass is made. 

GLaSS'-MET'^L (-mefl), n. Glass in fusion. — Boyle. 

GLaSS'-POT, n. A vessel used for melting glass. 

GLaSS'-WoRK (-wurk), it. Manufacture of glass. 

GLaSS'- W6RKS, n. pi. The place or buildings where glasa 
is made. 

GLXSS'FUL, 11. As much as a glass holds. 

GLaSS'I-LY, adv. In a glassy manner ; with glassiness 

GLASS'I-NESS, n. The quality of being glassy or smooth , 
a vitreous appearance. 

GLXSS'LIKE, a. Resembling glass. 

GLXSS'MAN, n. One who sells glass. — Swift. 

GLaSS'WoRT, ii. A plant growing in moist, salt district*, 
and yielding much soda, which is used in making glass. 
The jointed glasswort is often eaten under the name of 
marsh samphire. 

GLaSS'Y, a. 1. Made of glass; vitreous. 2. Resembling 
glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or 
transparency. — Dryden. 

GLAS'TON-BUR-Y-THORN' (glas'n-ber-ry-), n. A variety 
of the common hawthorn. — Loudon. 

GLAUB'ER-lTE, it. A yellowish or grayish mineral, found 
in salt-mines, and consisting of sulphate of soda and sul- 
phate of lime. 

GLAUB'ER'S-SALT, n. [from Glauber, the discoverer.J 
Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. 

GLAU-€o'MA, n. [Or.] A disease in the eye, giving it a 
bluish-greeri color. — Brande. 

GLAU-€o'MA-TOUS, a. Having the nature of glaucoma. — 
I\ Cyc. 

GLAU'CON-lTE, n. An argillaceous mail, sometimes con- 
taining a mixture of green sand. — Mantell. 

GLAU'COUS. a. [L. glaucus.] 1. Of a sea-green color ; of a 
dull green, passing into grayish blue. — 27 In botany, cov 
ered with a fine bloom, of the color of a cabbage-leaf. — 
Lin dlcy. 

tGLAyE, it. [Fr. glaive.] A broad-sword; a falchion. 

GLAV'ER, v. i. [W. glavrti.] To flatter ; to wheedle 
L' Estrange. [Little used, and vulgar.] 

GLAV'ER-ER, n. A flatterer. 

GLa Y'MORE, n. [Gael, claidhamh, and more.] A large, two- 
handed sword, formerly much used by the Highlanders of 
Scotland. — Johnson. 

GLaZE, v. t. [from glass.] 1. To furnish with windows 
of glass. 2. To incrust with a vitreous substance, as 
earthen-ware. 3. To cover with any thing smooth and 
shining ; or to render the exterior of a thing smooth, 
bright, and showy. 4. To give a smooth and glassy sur- 
face, as gunpowder ; to make glossy, as muslin. 

GLaZE, it. The vitreous coating or glazing of potter's 
ware. — Ure. 

GL7LZED, pp. or a. Furnished with glass windows ; incrust- 
ed with a substance resembling glass ; rendered smooth 
shining. 

tGLA'Z^N. a. [Sax. glasen.] Resembling glass.— Wickliffe 

GLa'ZENED, pp. Glazed. 

GL a'ZIER (gla'zhur), n. One whose business is to set win 
daw-glass. — Moron. 

GLA.ZTNG,£pr. 1. Furnishing with window-glass. 2. Crust 
ing with a vitreous substance, as potter's ware. 3. Giving 
a smooth, glossy, shining surface, as to muslin. 

GLaZ'ING, n. 1. The act or .art of setting glass ; the art of 
crusting with a vitreous substance. 2. The vitreous sub- 
stance with which potter's ware is incrusted. 3. Any fac- 
titious, shining exterior. — 4. In painting, a term applied to 
transparent or semi-transparent colors passed thinly over 
other colors to modify their effect. 

GLEAM, n. [Sax. gleam, or gl am.] 1. A shoot of light; a 
beam ; a ray ; a small stream of light. 2. Brightness , 
splendor. 

GLeAM, v. i. 1. To shoot or dart, as rays of light. 2. To 
shine ; to cast light. 3. To flash ; to spread a flood of light 
— 4. Among falconers, to disgorge filth, as a hawk. 

GLeAMTNG, ppr. Shooting, as rays of light; shining. 

GLEAMTNG, n, A shoot or shooting of light. 

GLkAM'Y, a. Darting beams of light ; casting light in rays. 

GLeAN, v. t. [Fr. glaitcr.] 1. To gather the stalks and ears 
of grain which reapers leave behind them. 2. To collect 
things thinly scattered ; to gather what is left in small par- 
cels or numbers. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UN TE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aa in Hits, t Obsolete 



GLi 



452 



GLO 



To gather stalks or ears of grain left by | GLIMPSE,??. [D.glimp.] 1. A weak, faint light. 2. Aflasn 

of light. 3. Transient lustre. 4. A shor 



GLeAN, v 
r eapen 

GLeAN, ??. A collection made by gleaning, or by gathering 
here and there a little. 

GLeANED. pp. Gathered after reapers; collected from 
email, detached parcels. 2. Cleared of what is left 3. 
Having suffered a gleaning. 

GLeAN'ER, 77. 1. One who gathers after reapers. 2. One 
who collects detached parts or numbers, or who gathers 
slowly with labor. — Locke. 

GLeAN'ING, ppr. Gathering what reapers leave; collect- 
ing in small, detached parcels. 

GLeAN'ING, n. 1. The act of gathering after reapers. 2. 
That which is collected by gleaning. 

GLeBE, n. [L. gleba.] 1. Turf; soil; ground. — Garth. 2. 
The land belonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical 
benefice. 3. A crystal; [obs.) — 4. Among miners, a piece 
of earth in which is contained some mineral ore. 

GLeBE'LESS, a. Without a glebe. 

GLeB'OUS, a. Gleby; turfy.— Dirt. 

GLeB'Y, a. Turfy; cloddy. 

GLeDE. n. [Sax. glida.] 1. A bird of the rapacious kind, 
the kite, a species of falco. 2. See Gleed. 

GLEE, /?. [Sax. gli.c.) 1. Joy: merriment; mirth; gayety ; 
particularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. — 2. In music, a 
composition for voices in three or more parts. 4. An- 
ciently, music or minstrelsy generally ; [obs.] 

CI Y ' ( v - *■ [T eilt - gluyercn.) To squint. 

t GLKED, n. [Sax. gled.) A glowing coal. — Chaucer, 

GLEE'FUL, a. Merry; gay; joyous. — Shah. 

f GLEEK, 11. 1. Music, or a musician.— Shale. 2. A scoff; 

a game at cards. 
t GLEEK, v. i. To make sport of ; to gibe; to sneer; to 

spend time idly. — Shak. 
tGLEE'MAN. v. An itinerant musician. 
f GLEEN. v. i. [W.glan.] To shine ; to glisten. 
tGLEE'SOME (-sum), a. Merry; joyous. 
GLEET, ??. [Sax. glidan.) The dux of a thin humor from 

the urethra ; a thin ichor running from a sore. 
GLEET, v. i. 1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze. 

— Wiseman. 2. To flow slowly, as water. — Cheyne. 
GLEETY, a. Ichorous; thin; limpid. 

GLEN,??. [W.glyn.) A valley; a dale; a depression or 

space between hills. 
GLe'NE. n. [Gr. vlrjvri.] In anatomy, the cavity or socket 

of the eye. and the pupil ; also applied to any slight cavity. 
GLE'NOID, a. A term applied to some articulate cavities 

of bones. — Forsy'h. 
GLENT, v. i. [Icel. glenta.] To start aside; to look aside. 

[North of England.) 
GLEYV. See Glue. 
GLl'A-DlfNE, n. [Gr. y>m.] In chemistry, a peculiar yellow 

substance obtained from gluten. 
GLIB, a. [D. glihberev, glippen.) 1. Admitting a body to 

slide easily on the surface. 2. Easily moving, as a tongue. 

— Syn. Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble ; flippant. 
IGLIB. n. A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over 

the eyes. — Spenser. 

GLIB. ?'. t. 1. To castrate. 2. To make smooth. 

GLIB'LY, adv. Smoothly; volubly. 

GLIB'NESS, n. Smoothness; slipperiness. — Chapman. 2. 
Volubility of the tongue. 

GLICKES, n. pi. Ogling or leering looks. — Ben Jonson. 

GLIDE. 7). ?'. [Sax. glidan.) 1. To flow gently; to move 
without noise or violence, as a river. 2. To move silently 
and smoothly ; to pass along without apparent effort. 3. 
To move or pass rapidly and with apparent ease. — 4. In a 
general sense, to move or slip along with ease, as on a 
smooth surface. 

GLlDE, n. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, 
and without labor or obstruction. 

GLTD'EB. it. He or that which glides. — Spenser. 

GLlD'ING. ppr. Passing along gently and smoothly ; mov- 
ing rapidly, or with ease. 

GLiD'ING-LY. adv. In a gliding manner. 

GLIFF, ii. 1. A transient glance. 2. A sudden fright. [Scot- 
tish.] 

GLlKE, 77. [Sax. glig.) A sneer; a scoff ; a flout.— Shah. 

GLIM.??, [glimmer.] A light or candle. — Thompson. [Still 
used among sailors ; as, douse the glims, i. e., put out the 
lights.] 

GLiME, v. i. To look out of the comer of the eye ; to glance 

GLIMMER, v. i. [G. glim.men, glimm.ern.] 1. To shoot fee- 
ble or scattered rays of light. 2. To shine faintly ; to give 
a feeble light. 

GLIM'MER, 7?. i. A faint light; feeble, scattered rays of 
light. — 2. In mineralogy, see Mica. 

GLIM MEIMNG, ppr. or a. Shining faintly; shooting fee- 
ble, scattered rays of light. 

GLIM'MER-ING, n. 1. A faint beaming of light. 2. A faint 
view. 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—Z, E, t, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD 



4. A short, transitory view. 
5. Short, fleeting enjoyment. 6. Exhibition of a faint re 
sem blance. — Shak. 

GLIMPSE, v. i. To appear by glimpses.— Drayton. 

GLIS'SA, ?i. A fish of the tunny kind, without scales. 

GL1ST, n. Glimmer; mica, fe Glimmek. 

GLISTEN (glis'n), v.i. [S&x.glisnian.] To shine; to sparkle 
with light. 

GLISTENED, pp. Shone; sparkled. 

GLISTEN-ING, ppr. or a. Shining; sparkling; emitting 
rays of light. 

GLISTER, v. i. To shine ; to be bright ; to sparkle ; to be 
brilliant.— Shak. 

GLISTER, n. 1. Glitter ; lustre. 2. See Clyster. 

GLISTER-ING, ppr. or a. Shining; sparkling with light 

GLISTER-rNG-LY, adv. With shining lustre. 

GLITTER, v. i. [Sax. glitenan.] 1. To sparkle with light 
to be splendid/ 2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and 
hence, attractive. — Syn. To shine ; glare; gleam; glisten. 

GLITTEB, ??. Brightness; brilliancy; splendor; lustre. 

t GLITTER- AND, ppr. or a. Sparkling.— Chaucer. 

GLITTER-ING, ppr. or a. Shining ; splendid ; brilliant 

GL1TTER-ING-LY, adv. With sparkling lustre. 

GLfiAM. v. i. To be sullen. See Glum. 

GLdAM'ING, n. 1. Twilight ; [Scottish.) 2. Sullenness „ 
melancholy ; [obs.] 

IGLoAR, v. i. [D. gluuren.] To squint ; to stare. 

GLOAT, v. i. [S-w . glutta.) To look steadfastly; to gaze 
earnestly or with eagerness. — Rowe. 

GLdAT'ED, pret. and pp. of gloat. 

GLdAT'lNG. ppr. or a. Gazing with earnestness ; looking 
steadfastly. 

GLo'BARD, ??. [from glow.] Aglow-worm. 

GLu'RATE, }a. [L. globatus.) Having the form of a 

GLo'Ba-TED. I giobe; spherical; spheroidal. 

GLoBE, ??. [L. globus; Fr. globe.) 1. A round or spherical 
solid body ; a ball ; a sphere ; an orb ; a body whose sur- 
face is in every part equidistant from the center. 2. Tho 
earth ; the terraqueous ball ; so caLed, though not per- 
fectly spherical. 3. An artificial sphere of metal, paper, 
or other matter on whose convex surface is drswn a map 
or representation of the earth or of the heavens. 4. A 
body of soldiers formed into a circle. 

GLoBE, v. t. To gather round or into a circle. 

GLORE'-AM'A-RANTH, n. A plant of the amaranth tribe 
bearing beautiful heads of red flowers. 

GLOBE'-AN'I-MAL, n. A species of animalcule of a globu 
lar form. 

GLoBE'-D aI-SY, ??. A plant of the genus globularia. 

GI.oRE'-FISH, n. A fish of a globular shape. — Johnson. 

GLoBE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant bearing handsome globo 
lar flowers. - 

GLOBE'-RA-NUN'€U-LUS, n. A species of hellebore. 

GLOBES-THISTLE (-fhisl), n. A plant. 

GLO-BoSE', a. [L. globosus.) Round; spherical; globular 
— Milton. 

GLO-BOS'I-TY, ??,. The quality ol being round. 

GLo'BOUS. a. [L. globosus.) Round; spherical. 

GLOB'tl-LAR, a. Round; spherical; having the form of » 
ball or sphere. — Globular projection, see Projection. 

GLOB-U-La'RI-A, 7?. The botanira! name of a genus ofEu 
ropean plants bearing flowers in globose heads. 

GLOB'U-LAR-LY, adv. So as to resemble a globe ; spher- 
ically. 

GLOR'U-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of being globular. 

GLOB'ULE. ??. [Fv. globule; h.glqbulus.) A little globe ; a 
small particle of matter of a spherical forni. 

GLOB'U-LIN, 7?. 1. A substance closely allied to albumen, 
and forming the principal constituent of the globules of 
blood. — Graham. 2. The nrme has been also given to the 
green globules lying among the ceils of cellular tissue, and 
to vesicular granules. — Brande. 

GLOB'U-LOUS, a. Round; globular; having the form of » 
small sphere. — Boyle. 

GLoB'Y, a. Round ; orbicular. — Sherwood. 

tGLdDE, old pret. of glide. 

GLoMEj v. [L. glomus.) In botany, a roundish head of 
flowers.— Martyn. 

GLOM'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. glomero.) To gather or wind into 
a ball : to collect into a spherical form or mass. 

GLOM'ER-ATE, a. Growing in rounded or massive forms. 
—A glomerate gland, is one which, without having any 
cavity, discharges at once into a duct. 

GT.OM'EK-a-TED. pp. Gathered into a ball or round maei. 

GLOM'El? -a -TING, ppr. Collecting or winding into a ball 
or round mass. 

GLOM-ER-A'TION, ??, [L. glomeratio.) 1. The act of gath- 
ering into a ball or spherical body. 2. A body formed into 
a ball. — Baron. 

GLOM'EB-OUS, a. [L. glomerosus.) Gathered or formed 
into a ball or round mass. 
i GLOOM, n. [Scot, gioum.) I. Obscurity ; partial or total 

"^MOVErBOOKT 



GLO 



453 



GLU 



darkness: thick snade. 2. Cloudiness or heaviness of 
icind ; melancholy; sadness; aspect of sorrow. 3. Dark- 
ness of prospect or aspect. 4. Sullenness; moroseness. 

GLOOM, v. i. 1. To shine obscurely or imperfectly. 2. To 
be cloudy, dark, or obscure. 3. To be melancholy or de- 
jected. 

GLOOM, v. t. To obscure ; to fill with gloom ; to darken ; 
to make dismal. 

GLOOM£ D, pp. Filled with gloom. 

GLOOM'l-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely; dimly; darkly; dismal- 
ly. 2. With melancholy aspect ; sullenly. — Dryden. 

GLOOM'I-NESS, n. 1. Want of light ; obscurity ; darkness ; 
dismalness. 2. Want of cheerfulness ; cloudiness of look. 
— Svn. Obscurity ; darkness ; duskiness ; dismalness ; 
gloom ; depression ; heaviness ; melancholy ; dejection ; 
sadness. 

GLOOM'Y, a. 1. Imperfectly illuminated ; or destitute of 
light. 2. Wearing the aspect of sorrow ; heavy of heart. 

. 3. Of a dark complexion; [little used.] — Syn. Obscure: 
dark ; dim ; dusky ; dismal ; cloudy ; sullen ; morose ; 
melancholy ; sad ; downcast ; depressed ; dejected ; dis- 
heartened. 

GLOPTEN, v. t. To surprise ; to astonish. [North ofEng.] 

GLoRE, a. Fat. 

GL&RI-A IN EX-CEL'SIS. [L.] Glory in the highest. 

GLORIA Pa'TRI. [L.] In the Episcopal service, Praise to 
God the Father. 

t GLO-Rl-A'TION, n. [L. gloriatio.] Boast ; a triumphing. 
— Richardson. 

fGLo'RIi?D (glo'rid), a. Illustrious ; honorable. — Milton. 

GLO-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of giving glory, or of 
ascribing honors to. 2. Exaltation to honor and dignity ; 
elevation to glory. 

GLo'RI-FlED, pp. or a. Honored ; dignified ; exalted to 
glory. 

GLo'RI-FY, v. t. [Fr. glorijier.] 1. To praise; to magnify 
and honor in worship ; to ascribe honor to, in thought or 
words ; to laud ; to bless. 2. To make glorious ; to exalt 
to glory or to celestial happiness. 3. To praise ; to honor ; 
to extol. 4. To procure honor or praise to. — Shak. 

GLO'Rl-FY-ING, ppr. Praising; honoring in worship; ex- 
alting to glory ; honoring; extolling. 

GLo'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. glorievx ; L. gloriosus.] 1. Of exalted 
excellence and splendor; resplendent in majesty and glo- 
ry. 2. Conferring splendor or renown ; very honorable. 
3. Boastful ; self-exulting ; haughty ; ostentatious ; [obs.] 
— Svn. Illustrious; eminent; noble; excellent; renowned; 
celebrated ; magnificent ; grand ; splendid. 

GLo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Splendidly ; illustriously ; with great 
renown or dignity. 

GLO'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being glo- 
rious. 

GLO'RY, n. [L. gloria ; Fr. gloire.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ; 
splendor, as of the sun. 2. Splendor ; magnificence, as 
of a king. 3. Praise ascribed in adoration ; honor. 4. 
Honor; praise; fame; renown; celebrity. 5. The felic- 
ity of heaven prepared for the children of God ; celestial 
bliss. — 6. In Scripture, the Divine presence ; or the ark, 
the manifestation of it. 7. The Divine perfections or ex- 
cellence. 8. Honorable representation of God. 9. Distin- 
guished honor or ornament ; that which honors or make3 
renowned; that of which one may boast. 10. Pride; boast- 
fulness ; arrogance ; as, vain glory. 11. Generous pride. 
Sidney. — 12. In painting, a circle of rays surrounding the 
heads of saints, Sec, and especially of the Savior. — Brande. 

GLo'RY, v. i. [L. glorior.] 1. To exult with joy ; to rejoice. 
2. To boast; to be proud of; to vaunt. 

GLo'RY-SMIT-TjBN, a. Smitten with glory.— Coleridge. 

GLo'RY-ING. ppr. Exulting with joy ; boasting. 

GLo'RY-ING, n. The act of exulting ; exultation ; boast- 
in a: display of pride. 



GLoSE, 



See Glo'/e. 



GLOS'ER 

GLOSS, n, [Ger. ghsse, from Gr. yAwov™.] 1. Brightness 
or lustre of a body, proceeding from a smooth surface. 
2. A specious appearance or representation ; external 
show that may mislead opinion. 3. An interpretation art- 
fully specious. — Sidney. 4. Interpretation ; comment; 
explanation ; remark intended to illustrate a subject. 

GLOSS, v. t. 1. To give a superficial lustre to ; to make 
smooth and shining. 2. To explain ; to render clear and 
evident by comments ; to illustrate. 3. To give a specious 
appearance to ; to render specious and plausible ; to pal- 
liate by specious representation ; to cover; to varnish. 

GLOSS, v. i. 1. To comment; to write or make explana- 
tory remarks. 2. To make sly remarks. — Prior. 

GLOS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Containing explanation. 

GLOSS'A-RIST, n. A writer of glosses or comments. 

GLOSS'A-RY, n. [Fr. glossaire.] A dictionary or vocabu- 
lary, expliining words which are obscure, antiquated, lo- 
cal, <fcc. 

GLOS-Sa'TOR, n. [Fr. glossateur.] A writer of com- 
ments ; a commentator. — Aijliffe. 



GLOSSED (glost), pp. Made smooth and shining; ex- 
plained. 

GLOSS'ER, n. 1. A writer of glosses ; a scholiast; aconv 
mentator. 2. A polisher ; one who gives a lustre. 

GLOSS'I-LY, adv. In a glossy manner. 

GLOSS'I-NESS, n. The lustre or orightness of a smooth 
surface. — Boyle. 

GLOSS'ING, ppr. Giving lustre to; polishing; explaining 
by comments ; giving a specious appearance. 

t GLOSS'IST, n. A writer of comments. — Wilton. 

GLOSS'LY, adv. Like gloss. — Cowley. 

GLOSS-OG'RA-PHER, n. [ gloss, and Gr. ypa(j>u>.] A writ- 
er of a glossary ; a commentator ; a scholiast. 

GLOSS-O-GRAPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to gloss< >graphy. 

GLOSS-OG'RA-PHY, n. The writing of glossaries, or of 
comments, for illustrating an author. 

GLOSS-O-LOGlC-AL, a. Pertaining to glossology. 

GLOSS-OL'O-GlST, n. [Gr. yXtoaaa and \oyos~] One who 
defines and explains terms. 

GLOSS-OL'O-gY, n. [Gr. yAwcxra and Aoyos.] The definition 
and explanation of terms. 

GLOSS'Y, a. Smooth and shining ; reflecting lustre from * 
smooth surface; highly polished. 

GLOTTAL, a. Pertaining to the glottis. 

GLOTTIS, n. [Gr. yXiorra.] The narrow opening at the 
upper part of the trachea or windpipe. 

t GLOUT, v. i. [Scot.] To pout; to look sullen.— Garth. 

t GLOUT, v. t. To view attentively ; to gloat. 

GL6VE (gluv), n. [Sax. glof.) A cover for the hand, or for 
the hand and arm, with a separate sheath for each finger. 
— To throw the glove, with our ancestors, was to challenge 
to single combat. 

GL6VE, v. t. To cover with a glove. — Shak. 

GL6VjED (gluvd), pp. or a. Covered with a glove. 

GLoV'ER (gluv'er), n. One whose occupation is to make 
and sell gloves. 

GLdW, v. i. [Sax. glowan.] 1. To shine with intense heat; 
or, perhaps, more correctly, to shine with a white heat ; 
to exhibit incandescence. 2. To burn with vehement 
beat. 3. To feel great heat of body ; to be hot. 4. To 
exhibit a strong bright color ; to be red. 5. To be bright 
or red with heat or animation, or with blushes. 6. To feel 
the heat of passion ; to be ardent ; to be animated. 7. To 
burn with intense heat ; to l age, as passion. 

t GLOW, v. t. To make hot, so as to shine. — Shak. 

GLOW, n. 1. Shining heat, or white heat. 2. Brightness 
of color; redness. 3. Vehemence of passion. 

GLoW'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Shining with intense heat ; white 
with heat. 2. Burning with vehement heat. 3. Exhibit- 
ing a bright color ; red. 4. Ardent ; vehement ; animated. 
5. Inflamed. 

GLOW'ING-LY, adv. With great brightness ; with ardent 
heat or passion. 

GLOW'-WoRM (glo'-wurm), n. The female of the lampyris 
noctiluca, an insect of the order to which the beetle be- 
longs. It emits a light of a lambent, electric, greenish 
c olor . — Bran de. 

GLOZE, v. i. [Sax. glesan.] To flatter ; to wheedle ; to 
fawn ; to talk smoothly. 

GLOZE over, v. t. To palliate by specious exposition. 

GLOZE, n. 1. Flattery ; adulation. — Shak. 2. Specious 
show ; gloss. — Sidney ; [obs.] See Gloss. 

GLOZ'ER, n. A flatterer.- G/fford. 

GLoZ'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling. 

GLoZ'ING, n. Specious representation. — Montagu. 

GLU-Cl'NA, n. [more properly, glycyna. Gr. yXvicvS.] The 
oxyd of glucinum, so named from the sweetness of ita 
6alts. 

GLU-Cl'NUM, n. [more properly, glycynum. Gr. jXvkvs.] 
A metal in the form of a grayish black powder. It ac 
quires a dark metallic lustre by burnishing. 

GLu'CoSE, n. [Gr. yXvKvc] A sugar obtained from grapes, 
honey, and most acid fruits, which is less sweet than that 
of the sugar-cane.— Graham. 

GLuE (glu), n. [Fr.glu.] A tenacious, viscid matter, which 
serves as a cement to unite other substances ; extracted 
from the skins, pairings, &c, of animals, boiled to a jelly. 

GLuE, v. t. [Fr. gluer.] 1. To join with glue or a viscous 
substance. 2. To unite ; to hold together.— Newton. 

GLfjE'-BOIL-ER, n. [glue and boil.] One whose occupa 
tion is to make glue. 

GLu£D (glude), pp. United or cemented with glue. 

GLu'ER, n. One who cements with glue. 

GLti'EY, a. Viscous ; glutinous. 

GLu'EY-NESS, h. The quality of being gluey. 

GLU'ING, ppr. Cementing with glue. 

GLO'ISH, a. Having the nature of glue. — Sherwooa. 

GLUM, a. [Scot, gloum.] Frowning; sullen. [Colloquial.\ 

f GLUM, n. Sullenness. 

t GLUM, v. i. [from gloom.] To look sourly ; to be sour of 
countenance. 

GLU-Ma'CEOUS (elu-ma'shus), a. Having glumes ; consist 
ing of glumes. — Barton. 



"DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, V'i'"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH *s SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete. 



GNA 



454 



GO 



OIjUAIK, a. [L. gluma.'] la botany, the calyx or codI of 

grain and grasses ; the husk or chaff of grain. 
GLUM'MY, a. Dark; gloomy; dismal. 
GLuM'OUS. a. A glumous flower is a kind of aggregate 

flower, with a common glume at the base. 
GLUT, v. i. [L. glutio.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow 
greedily ; to gorge. — Milton. 2. To cloy ; to fill beyond 
sufficiency ; to sate ; to satiate ; to disgust. 3. To feast or 
delight even to satiety. 4. To fill or furnish beyond suffi- 
ciency. 5. To saturate. — Boyle. 
GLUT, n. 1. That which is swallowed. 2. Plenty, even to 
loathing. 3. More than enough ; superabundance. 4. Any 
thing that fills or obstructs the passage. 5. A large wood- 
en wedge ; [New England.] 

GLfJTE-AL, a. [Gr. y\ovro$.] The gluteal artery is a branch 
of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery. The gluteal 
muscles, three large muscles constituting the part of the 
body on which we sit. 

GLu'TEN, n. [L.] A tough, elastic substance, of a grayish 
color, found in the flour of wheat and other grain. 

GLOTE-US, n. The large, thick muscle on which we sit. 

GLOTIN-aTE, v. t. To unite with glue ; to cement. 

GLu'TIN-a-TED, pp. United with glue. 

GLu'TiN-A-TlNG. r> pr . Uniting with glue. 

GLU-TIN-a'TION, n. The act of uniting with glue. 

GLu'TIN-A-TIVE, a. Having the quality of cementing; 
tenacious. 

GLU-TIN-G2'I-TY, n. The quality of being glutinous ; vis- 
cqusness. 

GLu'TIN-OUS, n. [L. glutinosus.] 1. Viscous ; viscid ; te- 
nacious , having the quality of glue ; resembling glue. — 
2._ln b.>tany, besmeared with a slippery moisture. 

GLu'TIN-OUS-NESS, n. Viscosity ; viscidity ; the quality 
of glue ; tenacity. — Cheyne. 

GLUTTED,^. Cloyed; filled beyond sufficiency. 

GLUTTON (gluftn), n. [Low L. gluio ; Fr. glouton.] 1. 
One who indulges to excess in eating. 2. One eager of 
any thing to excess. — 3. In zoology, a carnivorous quad- 
ruped, so called from its greedy appetite. 

f GLUTTON, v. t. To load; to glut; to over-fill.— Love- 
lace. 

GLUTTON-LlKE, a. Like a glutton ; greedy. 

GLUT'TON-lZE, v. i. To eat to excess; to eat voracious- 
ly ; to indulge the appetite to excess. 

GLUTTON-OUS, ?a. 1. Given to excessive eating. 2. Con- 

GLUTTON-ISH, 3 sisting in excessive eating. 

GLUTTON-OUS-LY, adv. With the voracity of a glutton ; 
with excessive eating. 

GLUTTON- Y, n. 1. Excess in eating; extravagant indul- 
gence of the appetite for food. 2. Luxury of the table. 
3. Voracity of appetite. — Encyc. 

GLyC'E-RiN, n. [Gr. yXvxvS-] A sweet substance which 
forms the base of fatty matter. 

GLj-CO'NI-AN, ) a. [Low L. glyconium.] Denoting a kind 

GLY-€ON'I€, 5 of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. 

GLY-CyRRHI-ZIN, n. [Gr. yXvxvS and p^a.) A peculiar 
saccharine matter obtained from the root of glycyrrhiza 
glabra, or common liquorice. — Brande. 

GLYN. See Glen. 

GLYPH (glif), n. [Gr. yXv<pn.] In sculpture and architecture, 
a canal, channel, or cavity intended as an ornament, and 
usually perpendicular. 

GLYPHTG, v. A picture or figure by which a word is im- 
plied. See Hieroglyphic. 

GLYPTIC, a. In mineralogy, figured. 

GLYPTICS, n. The art of engraving figures on precious 
stones. 

GLYPTO-DON, n. [Gr. yXvnros and otiovs.) An extinct 
quadruped, of the armadillo family, of the size of an ox. 

GLYP-TO-GRAPH'IC, a. [Gr. 7 Xvt:toS and ypa<t>u>.] De- 
scribing the methods of engraving on precious stones. 

GL YP-TOG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the art of engrav- 
ing on precious stones. 

GLYP-TO-THe'CA, n. [Gr.] A room for the preservation 
of works of sculpture. 

GNaR (liar), lv.i. [Sax. gnyrran, gnornian .] To growl; 

GNaRL (narl), 3 to murmur; to snarl. [Guar is nearly 
obsolete.] 

GNaRLjED (narld), a. Knotty ; full of knots.— Shale. 

GNaRL'Y, a. Full of knots ; knotty.— Rich. Diet. 

GNASH (nash), v. t. [Dan. knasker.] To strike the teeth to- 
gether, as in anger or pain. — Dryden. 

GNASH (nash), v. i. 1. To grind the teeth. 2. To rage even 
to collision with the teeth ; to growl. 

GNASH'ING (nash'ing), ppr. Striking the teeth together, as 
in anger, rage, or pain. 

GNASH'ING (nash'ing), n. A grinding or striking of the 
teeth in rage or anguish. 

GNASH'ING-LY, adv. With gnashing. 

GNAT (nat), n. [Sax. gnat.] 1. A name applied to several 
troublesome winged insects, of the genus culex. 2. Any 
thing proverbially small. 

GNAT'-FLOW-ER, n. A flower ; called, also, bee-fiower. 



I GNAT-SNAPPER, n. A bird that catches gnats. 

I GNAT-WORM (naf-wurm). n. A small water insect pi& 



Flattering , 



duced by a gnat ; the larva of a gnat, 

GNA-THON'IC-AL, a. [L. gnatho, a flatterer.] 
deceitful. [Not in use.] 

t GNA-THON'IC-AL-LY, adv. Flatteringly ; deceitfully. 

GNAW (naw), v. t. [Sax. gnagan.] 1. To bite off by little 
and little ; to bite or scrape ofl* with the fore teeth ; to wear 
away by biting. 2. To eat by biting off small portions of 
food with the fore teeth. 3. To bite in agony or rage. 
4. To waste; to fret; to corrode. 5. To pick with tie 
teeth. 

GNAW (naw), v. i. To use the teeth in biting. 

GNA W.E D (nawd), pp. or a. Bit ; corroded. 

GNAWER (naw'er), n. He or that which gnaws. 

GNAWING (naw'ing), ppr. or a. Biting ofl' by little and 
little ; corroding ; eating by slow degrees. 

GNElSS (nlse), n. [qu. Dan. gnister.] In mineralogy, a 
species of aggregated rock, composed of quartz, feld- 
spar, and mica, cuflering from granite by having a slaty 
structure. 

GN.hIS'SOID (nis'soid), a. Having some of the character- 
istics of gi.ciss ; bordering on gneiss. 

GNEiS'SoSE, a. Having the general structure of gneiss 

t GNOFF (nof), n. A mi^r.— Chaucer. 

GNOME (nome), n. [Gr. yvu/jir).] 1. An imaginary being; 
supposed by the Cabalists to inhabit the inner parts ot 
the earth. — Encyc. 2. A brief reflection or maxim ; [iwt 
used.] 

GNOM'IC (nom'ik), ) a. Sententious ; uttering or con 

GNOM'IC-AL (nom'e-kal), J taining maxims or single de 
tached thoughts. [Little used.] 

GNO-MG-LOG'IC, I t> . ■■ 

GNO-MO-LOG'I€-AL, J a ' Plaining to gnomology. 

GNO-MOL'O-gY (no-mol'o-je), n. [Gr. yvw/iri and Aoyoj.j 
A collection of maxims, grave sentences, or reflections 
[Little used.] 

GNo'MON (no'mon), n. [Gr. yvu>iiwv.] 1. In dialing, the 
style or pin, which by its shadow shows the hour of the 
day. — 2. In astronomy, a style or column erected perpen- 
dicular to the horizon, for making astronomical observa- 
tions. Its principal use is to find the altitude of the sun, 
by measuring the length of its shadow. 3. The gnomon 
of a globe is the index of the hour-circle. — 4. In geom- 
etry, the part of a parallelogram which remains when 
one of the parallelograms about its diagonal is removed. 
Brande. 

GNO-MON'IC, ~>a. Pertaining to the art of dialing. Cham* 

GNO-MON'I€-AL, > bers. — Guomonic projection, see Pro- 
jection. 

GNO-MON'I€-AL-LY, adv. According to the principles of 
the gnomonic projection. — P. Cyc. 

GNO-MON'l€S, n. The art or science of dialing. 

GNO-MON-OL'O-GY, n. A treatise on dialing. 

GNOSTIC (nos'tik), 11. [L. gnosticus.] One of a sect of 
philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who pretend- 
ed to superior knowledge, and attempted to unite the Pla 
tonic philosophy with Christianity. 

GNOSTIC (nos'tik), a. Pertaining to the Gnostics. 

GNOS'TI-CJSM (nos'te-sizm), n. The doctrines or system 
of philosophy taught by the Gnostics. 

GNU (nu), n. 1. An animal found in Southern Africa, some- 
times called the horned horse, partaking in form of the 
horse, the buffalo, and the stag. 2. The draft-iron attached 
to the end of a plow-beam (clevis, clevy) ; [local] 

GO, v. i.; pret. went; pp. gone. Went belongs to the root, 
Sax. wendan, a different word. [Sax. gan ; Ger. gchen.] 
1. In a general sense, to move ; to pass ; to proceed from 
one place, state, or station to another. 2. To walk ; to 
move on the feet, or step by step. 3. To walk leisurely ; 
not to run. — Shak. 4. To travel ; to journey. 5. To de- 
part; to move from a place. 6. To proceed; to pass. 
7. To move; to pass in any manner or to any end. 8. To 
move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting 
custom or practice. 9. To proceed from one state or 
opinion to another ; to change. 10. To proceed in mental 
operations ; to advance ; to penetrate. 11. To proceed 01 
advance in accomplishing an end. 12. To apply; to be 
applicable. 13. To apply one's self. — Sidney. 14. To have 
recourse to. 15. To be about to do. 16. To pass ; to be 
accounted in value. 17. To circulate ; to pass in report 
18. To pass ; to be received ; to be accounted or under 
stood to be. 19. To move, or be in motion. 20. To move, 
as a fluid ; to flow. 21. To have a tendency. 22. To be 
in compact or partnership ; as, to go halves in the loss or 
gain. 23. To be guided or regulated ; to proceed by some 
principle or rule. 24. To be pregnant. 25. To pass ; to 
be alienated in payment or exenange. 26. To be loosed 
or released ; to be freed from restraint. 27. To be ex- 
pended. 28. To extend ; to reach. 29. To extend or lead 
in any direction. 30. To proceed ; to extend. 31 To have 
effect ; to extend in effect ; to avail ; to be of force o, 
value. 32. To extend in meaning or purport. 33. T 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, r, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



GOA 



455 



GOB 



Have a currency or use. as custom, opinion, or manners. 
34. To contribute ; to conduce ; to concur ; to be an ingre- 
dient. 35. To proceed ; to be carried on. 36. To proceed 
to final issue ; to terminate ; to succeed. 37. To proceed 
in a train, or in consequences. 38. To fare ; to be in a 
good or ill state. 39. To have a tendency or eft'ect ; to 
operate. 
7b go about. 1. To set one's self to a business : to attempt; 
to endeavor. — 2. In seamen's language, to tack; to turn 
the head of a ship. — To go abroad. 1. To walk out of a 
house. 2. To be uttered, disclosed, or published.— To go 
against 1. To invade ; to inarch to attack. 2. To be in 
opposition ; to be disagreeable. — To go aside. 1. To with- 
draw ; to retire into a private situation. 2. To err ; to de- 
viate from the right way. — To go astray, to wander ; to 
break from an inclosure ; also, to leave the right course ; 
to depart from law or rule ; to sin ; to transgress. — To go 
away, to depart ; to go to a distance. — To go between, to in- 
terpose ; to mediate ; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust 
differences. — To go by. 1. To pass near and beyond 2. 
To pass away unnoticed ; to omit. 3. To find or get in 
the conclusion ; [little used.] — To go down. 1. To descend 
in any manner. 2. To fail ; to come to nothing. 3. To 
be swallo wed or received, not rejected. — To go for nothing, 
to have no meaning or efficacy. — To go forth, to issue or 
depart out of a place. — To go forward, to advance. — To go 
hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue ; to have diffi- 
culty to escape. — To go in, to enter.— To go in to, to have 
sexual commerce with.— To go in and out. 1. To do the 
business of lite. 2. To go freely ; to be at liberty.— To go 
off. 1. To depart to a distance ; to leave a place or station. 
2. To die ; to decease. 3. To be discharged, as fire-arms ; 
to explode. — To go on. 1. To proceed ; to advance for- 
ward. 2. To be put on, as a garment.— To go out. 1. To 
issue forth ; to depart. 2. To go on an expedition. 3. To 
become extinct, as light or life ; to expire. 4. To become 
public. — To go over. 1. To read ; to peruse ; to study. 

2. To examine ; to view or review. 3. To think over ; to 
proceed or pass in mental operation. 4. To change sides ; 
to pass from one party to another. 5. To revolt. 6. To 
pass from one side to the other, as of a river.— To go 
though. 1. To pass in a substance. 2. To execute; to 
accomplish ; to perform thoroughly ; to finish. 3. To suf- 
fer; to bear; to undergo; to sustain to the end. — To go 
through with, to cciiie to the end.— To go wider, to be 
talked of or known, as by a title or name. — To go up, to 
ascend; to rise. — To go upon, io proceed as on a founda- 
tion ; to take as a principle supposed or settled.— To go 
with. 1. To accompany ; to pass with others. 2. To side 
with; to be in party or design with. — To go ill with, to 
have ill fortune ; not to prosper. — To go well with, to have 
good fortune ; to prosper.— To go without, to be or remain 
destitute.— Go to, come, move, begin , [a phrase of exhor- 
tation ; ah), .: phrase of scornful exhortation.] 

Go'-BE-TW ]] St, n. An interposer ; one who transacts 
business betvaen parties. — Shak. 

Go'-BV, n. 1. Evasion; escape by artifice. 2. A passing 
without notice ; a thrusting away ; a shifting off. — To give 
a thing the go-by, is to evade it or set it aside. 

Go'-€aRT, n. A machine with wheels, in which children 
leam to walk without danger of falling. 

GoAD, n. [Sax. gad.] A pointed instrument used to stimu- 
late a beast to move faster. 

GoAD, v. t. 1. To prick ; to drive with a goad. 2. To urge 
forward ; as, to be goaded by revenge. — Syn. To stimu- 
late ; excite ; arouse ; irritate ; incite ; instigate. 

GoAD'ED, pp. Pricked; pushed on by a goad; instigated. 

GoA'D'ING, ppr. Pricking; driving with a goad ; inciting; 
urging on ; rousing. 

GOAL, n. [Fr. gaule.] 1. The point set to bound a race, 
and to which racers run ; the mark. 2. Any starting-post. 

3. The end or final purpose ; the end aimed at. 
GoAR, n. More usually gore, which see. 

t Go AR'ISH, a. Patched ; mean. — Beaum. and Fl. 

GoAT, n. [Sax. gat ; D. geit.] A well-known ruminating 
quadruped, with long hair and horns. Its tlesh and milk 
are often used for food. 

GOAT'-BeaRD, n. See Goat's-beard. 

GoAT'-CHaF-ER, n. An insect, a kind of beetle. 

GoAT'-FtSH, n. A fish of the Mediterranean. 

GoAT-MaR'JO-RAM, n. Goat-beard. 

GOAT-MILK-ER, n. A kind of bird, so called from suck- 
ing goats : the goat-sucker. — Bailey. 

GoAT'-SKIN, n. The skin of a goat. — Tope. 

GoAT'-SU€K-ER, n. In ornithology, a bird of the genus 
caprimulgus, so called from the opinion that it would suck 
goats ; the night-jar. 

GoAT'S'-BeARD, n. In botany, a plant of the genus trago- 
pogon. 

Go AT'S'-B TIE, n. A plant of the genus galega. 

GoAT'S'-SToNES, n. The greater goafs-stones is the sa- 
tyr ■turn i the lesser, the orchis. 

GoAT'S'-THORN, n. A plant of the genus astragalus. 



GoAT'HERD, n. One wnose occupation is to tend goats. 

GoATTSH, a. 1. Resembling a goat in any quality ; of a 
rank smell. — More. 2. Lustful. — Shak. 

GoAT'ISH-LY, adv. Like a goat; lustfully. 

Go AT'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being goatish : lustfui- 
ness. 

GOB, n. [Fr. gobe ; W. gob.] A little mass or collection ; a 
mouthful. [A low word.] 

GOB'BET, n. [Fr. gobe.] A small piece ; a mouthful : a 
lump. 

GOB'BET, v. t. To swallow in masses or mouthfuls.— 
U Estrange. [A low word.] 

\ GOB'BET-LY, adv. In pieces.— Huloet. 

GOB'BING, n. In mining, the refuse thrown back into the 
excavations remaining after the removal cf the coal — 
Brande. 

GOB'BLE, v. t. [Fr. gober.] To swallow in large pieces ; to 
swallow hastily. — Swift. 

GOB'BLE, v. i. To make a noise in the throat, as a turkey 
— Prior. 

GOB'BL£D, pp. Swallowed hastily. 

GOB'BLER, n. 1. One who swallows in haste; a greedy 
eater ; a gormandizer. 2. A name sometimes given to the 
turkey-cock. 

GOB'BLING, ppr. Swallowing hastily. 

GOB'E-LIN, a. A term applied to a kind of beautiful French 
tapestry. 

GOB'LET, n. [Fr. gobelet.] A kind of cup or drinking >-es 
sel without a handle. 

GOB'LIN, n. [Fr. gobelin.] 1. An evil spirit ; a walking 
spirit ; a frightful phantom. 2. A fairy ; an elf. 

Go'BY, n. The name of certain fishes, mostly small sea- 
fishes, allied to the blenny. — Jar dine' 's Nat. Lib. 

GOD, n. [Sax. god; G. gott; D. god; Sw. and Dan. gud; 
Goth, goth or guth.] 1. The Supreme Being ; Jehovah ; 
the Eternal and Infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sov- 
ereign of the Universe. 2. A false god ; a heathen deity ; 
an idol. 3. A prince ; a ruler ; a magistrate or judge ; aa 
angel. 4. Any person or thing exalted too much in esti- 
mation, or deilied and honored as the chief good. 

t GOD, v. t. To deify.— Shak. 

GOD'-SPEED, n. Good-speed, that is, success.-2 John, 10. 

GOD'S'-PEN-NY, n. An earnest-penny.— Beaum. and Fl. 

GOD'CHlLD, n. One for whom a person becomes sponso» 
at baptism, and promises to see educated as a Christian. 

GOD'DAUGH-TER (-daw'ter), n. A female for whom one 
becomes sponsor at baptism. 

GOD'DESS, n. 1. A female deity; a heathen deity of the 
female sex. — 2. In the language of love, a woman of supe- 
rior charms or excellence. 

GOD'DESS-LlKE, a. Resembling a goddess. 

GOD'Fa-THER, n. [Sax. god and fader.] A man who be 
comes sponsor for a child at baptism. 

GOD'Fa-THER, v. t. To act as godfather.— Burke. 

GOD'HEAD (godlied), n. [god, and Sax. hade.] 1. God- 
ship ; deity ; divinity ; divine nature or essence. — Milton. 
2. A deity in person ; a god or goddess. 

GOD'LESS, a. 1. Having no reverence for God , bnpious . 
ungodly ; irreligious ; wicked. 2. Atheistical ; having no 
belief in the existence of God. — Milton. 

GOD'LESS-LY, adv. In an impious manner; impiously, 
afheisticaliy. 

GOD'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being impious. 

GOD'LlKE, a. 1. Resembling God ; divine. 2. Resembling 
a deity, or heathen divinity. 3. Of superior excellence. 

GOD'LlKE-NESS, n. Resemblance to. God. 

GOD'LI-LY, adv. Piously ; righteously.— H. Wharton. 

GOD'LI-NESS, n. 1. Piety ; belief in God, and reverence 
for his character and laws. 2. A religious life. 3. Reve 
lation ; the system of Christianity. 

GOD'LING, n. A little deity ; a dimimitive god. 

GOD'LY. a. [godlike.] 1. Reverencing God, and his char- 
acter and laws. 2. Living in obedience to God's com- 
mands. 3. Conformed to God's laws.— Syn. Pious ; holy ; 
devout; religious; righteous. 

GOD'LY, adv. Piously 1 ; righteously. 

t GOD'LY-HeAD, n. [Sax. god and head.] Goodnesa.- 

Spenser. 
GOD'M6TH-ER (-mufh'er), n. [god and mother.] A woman 

who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism. 
GO-DOWN', n. In the East Indies, a corruption of the Ma 

lay word godong, a warehouse. — Smart. 
GO-DROON', //. [Fr. godron, a rufile or puff] In architec- 
ture, a kind of inverted fluting or beading.— Elmes. 
GOD'SEND, n. An unexpected acquisition or good for- 
tune. 
GOD'SHIP. n. Deity ; divinity ; the rank of a god. 
GOD'SMITH, n. A maker of idols.— Drydcn. 
GOD'SoN (-sun), n. [Sax. godsunu.] A male for whom an- 
other has been sponsor at the font. 
GOD'WARD. Toward God. [An ill-formed word.] 
GOD'WIT, n. A bird allied to the snipe, having long legs 
and a long, flexible bill, and inhabiting marshes. 



P6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



GOL 



456 



GOO 



! god'ySld } adv - A term of thanks -— shak. 

fGO'EL, a. [Sax. gealew.] Yellow. — Tusser. 

f Go'EN, part. pret. of go, formerly so written. 

Go'ER, n. 1. One who goes ; a runner or walker. 2. One 
who transacts business between parties. 3. A foot. 4. A 
term applied to a horse ; as, a good goer. — Beaum. and Fl. 

fGo'E-TY, n. [Gr. yorjTtui.] Invocation of evil spirits. 

TGOFF.M. [qu. W. gofol.\ 1. A foolish clown. 2. See Golf 

t GOFF'ISH, a. Foolish ; stupid.— Chaucer. 

GOG,n.[W.gog. See Agog. J Haste ; ardent desire to go. 
— Beaum. and Fl. 

GOG'GLE (gogl), v. i. [W. gogelu.] To strain or roll the 
eyes.. — Hudibras. 

GOG'GLE, a. Having full eyes ; staring. — Ben Jonson. 

GOG'GLE, n._ A strained or aifected rolling of the eye. 

GOG'GLE-EYE, n. A rolling or staring eye. 

GOG'GLE-EY.ED (gogl-ide), a. Having prominent, distort- 
ed, or rolling eyes. — Ascham. 

GOG'GL£D, a. Prominent ; staring, as the eye. 

GOG'GL-ES (goglz), n. pi. [W. gogelu.) 1. In surgery, in- 
struments used to cure squinting, or the distortion of the 
eyes which occasions it. 2. Cylindrical tubes, in which 
are fixed glasses for defending the eyes from cold, du;it, 
&c. 3. Bunds for horses that are apt to take fright. 

Go'ING, ppr. Moving; walking; traveling ; turning; roll- 
ing ; flying ; sailing, &c. 

Go'ING, n. 1. The act of moving. 2. The act of walking. 

3. Departure. 4. Pregnancy. 5. Procedure ; way ; course 
of life; behavior; deportment. 6. Procedure; course of 
providential agency or government. 

GOITER, ) n. [Fr. goitre.] The bronchocele ; a swelling in 
GOITRE, 3 the upper and fore part of the neck, seated in 

the thyroid gland. It occurs chiefly among the Alps, in 

low, moist valleys. 
GOITER.ED, ) Aff „ , ... .. 
GOITR.ED s °" Aftectec * Wltn goiter. 
GOITROUS, a. [Fr. goitreux.] 1. Pertaining to or affected 

with the goiter. 
Go'LA, n. [It.] In architecture, the same as cymatium or cyma. 

* GoLD, n. [Sax., G. gold.] 1. A precious metal of a bright 
yellow color, the most ductile and malleable of all the 
metals, and the heaviest except platina. 2. Money. 3. 

• Something pleasing or valuable. — Shak. 4. A bright, yel- 
low color. 5. Riches; wealth. — Gold of pleasure's, plant 
with yellow flowers, sometimes cultivated for the oil of 
its seeds. 

GoLD, a. _ Made of gold; consisting of gold. 

GoLD'-BeAT-EN (-bet'n), a. Gilded. [Little used.] 

GoLD'-BeAT-ER, n. One whose occupation is to beat or 
foliate gold for gilding. Boyle. — Gold-beatei-'s skin, the in- 
testines of an ox, which gold-beaters lay between the 
leaves of the metal while they beat it, whereby the mem- 
brane is reduced very thin, and made fit to be applied to 
cuts and fresh wounds. 

GoLD'-BeAT-ING, n. The art or process of reducing gold 
to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer. — Ure. 

JoLD'-BOUND, a. Encompassed with gold.— Sluik. 

GoLD' CoAST, n. In geography, a part of the coast of 
Guinea, in Africa, where gold is found. 

GoLD' DUST, n. Gold in very fine particles. 

GoLD'-FlND-ER, n. One who finds gold ; one who emp- 
ties jakes. — Swift. 

GoLD'-FISH, > n. A fresh-water fish of the carp kind, 

GoLD'jBN-FISH, 5 having the upper part of the body of a 
bright orange color. 

G6LD'-HAM-MER, n. A kind of bird.— Dirt. 

GoLD'-HlLT-ED, a. Having a golden hilt. 

GoLD'-LaCE, n. A lace wrought with gold. 

GoLD'-LaCED (-laste), a. Trimmed with gold lace. 

GoLD'-LeAF, n. Gold beaten into a thin leaf. 

GoLD'-PLeAS-URE, for gold of pleasure, a plant. 

GoLD'-PROOF, a. Proof against bribery. 

GoLD'-SlZE, n. A size or glue for burnishing gilding. 

GoLD'-STICK, n. An officer in the English court who at- 
tends on the reigning monarch on occasions of ceremony 

GoLD'-THRE AD, n. 1. A thread formed of flatted gold laid 
over a thread of silk. 2. A small evergreen plant, coptis 
trifolia, so called from its fibrous yellow roots. [ U. States.] 

3oLD'-WiRE, n. Wire made of gold ; usually, silver- wire 
superficially covered with gold. 

JDLD'EN (gol'dn), a. 1. Made of gold ; consisting of gold. 
2. Bright ; shining ; splendid. 3. Yellow ; of a gold color. 

4. Excellent ; most valuable. 5. Happy ; pure ; as, the 
golden age, which was fabled to be one of primeval inno- 
cence in rural employments. 6. Pre-eminently favorable 
or auspicious ; as, the golden opportunity, golden opin- 
ions. — Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the 
year of the moon's cycle.— Golden rule, in arithmetic, the 
rule of three, or rule of proportion. 

ioLD'EN-GLUB, n. An aquatic plant bearing yellow 
flowers. 



GoLD'EN-CUTS, n. A plant ; also called butter-cups. 

GoLD'-EN-EYE. n. A species of duck. 

GoLD'^N FLEECE, n. In mythology, the fleece of gold 
taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to 
Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the Ar 
gonautic expedition. — Ed. Encyc. 

GoLD'.EN-LOOK-ING, a. Appearing like gold. 

G5LD'£N-LUNG'W6RT, n. A species of hawk- weed. 

G6LD'EN-Ma1D'EN-HaIR, n, A plant. 

GoLD'EN-MOUSE'-EAR, n. A species of hawk-weed. 

GoLD'E;N-ROD, ii. A tall herb bearing yellow flowers. 

GoLD'EN-ROD'-TREE, ii. A shrub of the Canary Isles. 

GoLD'iJN-SAM'PHiRE, n. An herb resembling samphire. 

GoLD'EN-SAX'I-FRA6E, n. A plant growing in we* 
ground. 

GOLDEN-THISTLE (-thisl), n. An herb bearing yellow 
flowers. 

GoLD'^EN-TRESSED (-trest), a. Having tresses like gold. 

GoLD'EN-WINGED, a. Having wings like gold. 

t GOLD'EN-LY, adv. Splendidly ; delightfully.— Shalt 

GoLD'FINCH, n. [Sax. goldjinc.) A beautiful singing bird 
so named from the color of its wings. 

GoLDTNG, n. A sort of apple. — Diet. 

GOLD'LESS, a. Destitute of gold. 

GoLD'NEY, n. A fish, the gilthead.—Dict. 

GoLD'SMITH, n. 1. An artisan who manufactures vesseia 
and ornaments of gold and silver. — 2. Formerly, in England, 
a banker, because money was deposited with goldsmiths. 

GoLD'Y-LOCKS, n. A name given to certain plants bearing 
tufts of yellow flowers. 

GOLF, n. [D. kolf] A game with a small ball and a bat or 
club, crooked at the lower end, in which he who drivea 
the ball into a series of small holes in the ground with th*» 
fewest strokes is the winner. 

f GOLL, n. [Gr. yvaXov.] Hands ; paws ; claws. 

GO-LoE'-SHoE (go-lo'-shoo), n. An over-shoe, a shoe wona 
over another to keep the foot dry. 

GO-LoRE', ii. [Irish, gleire.) Abundance. See Galore. 

GoLT'SHUT, n. A small ingot of gold, in Japan, of silvei, 
serving for money. — Smart. 

t GOM, ii. [Sax. gum ; Goth, guma.] A man. 

t GOM'AN, n. [probably from good man.] A husband ; a 
master of a family. — Ash. 

GoME, n. The black grease of a cart-wheel, probably a cor- 
ruption^ of coom. 

GOM-PHl'A-SIS, ii. [Gr. yo\i^oi.] A disease of the teetfc, 
when they loosen and tall out of the sockets. — Brande. 

GOM-PHo'SIS, ii. [Gr.] The immovable articulation of tha 
teeth with the jaw-bone, like a nail in a board. 

GO-Mu'Tl, n. A fibrous substance resembling horse-hair, 
obtained from a kind of palm-tree (borassus gomutus) of the 
Indian islands, and used for making cordage. — M'Culloch. 

GON'DO-LA, n. [It. ; Fr. gondole.] 1. A long and narrow 
pleasure-boat, used at Venice, in Italy, on the canals. 2. A 
flat-bottomed boat for carrying produce, &c. ; [U. States.] 

GON-DO-LI£R', n. A man who rows a gondola. 

GONE {pronounced, nearly, gawn), pp. ot go. 1. Departed. 
2. Advanced ; forward in progress : with far ; as, far gone 
in vice. 3. Panned ; undone. 4. Past : sometimes with by. 

5. Lost. 6. Departed from life ; deceased ; dead. 

\ GON'FA-LON, > n. [gonfanon, Chaucer; Fr. gonfalon.] 

\ GON'FA-NON, 5 An ensign or standard ; colors. 

\ GON-FA-LON-lER, n. A chief standard-bearer. 

GONG, n. [Sax. gang.] 1. A privy or jakes. — Chaucer, 
[obs.] 2. An instrument made of an alloy of copper and 
tin, of a circular form, which the Asiatics strike with a 
wooden mallet. — Todd. 

GO-NI-OM'E-TER n. [Gr. yuvia and ntjpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring solid angles, as of crystals, &c. — Re 
fleeting goniometer, an instrument for measuring the an- 
gles of crystals by reflection. — Wollaston. 

GO-NI-O-MET'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to a goniometer. 

GO NI-OM'E-TRY, n, The art of measuring solid angles. 

GON-OR-RHE'A, n. [Gr. yovos and pcu>.] A contagions* in- 
flammation of the genital organs attended with a profuse 
secretion of mucus. 

GOOD, a. [Sax. god or good; Goth, goda, gods, goth ; G. 
gut ; D. goed ; Sw. and Dan. god.] 1. Valid ; legally firm , 
not weak or defective ; as, the mortgage is good. 2. Val- 
id ; sound ; not weak, false, or fallacious. 3. Complete or 
sufficiently perfect in its kind ; having the physical quali- 
ties best adapted to its design and use ; opposed to bad, 
imperfect, corrupted, impaired. 4. Having moral qualities 
best adapted to its design and use, or the qualities which 
God's law requires ; virtuous ; pious ; religious. 5. Con- 
formable to the moral law ; virtuous ; as, a good work. 

6. Proper; fit; convenient; seasoruble; well adapted to 
the end. 7. Convenient; useful; -spedient; conducive 
to happiness. 8. Sound; perfect; uncorrupted ; undam- 
aged. 9. Suitable to the taste or to health ; wholesomi ; 
salubrious ; palatable ; not disagreeable or noxious. 10 
Suited to produce a salutary effect ; adapted to abate or 
cure ; medicinal ; salutasy ; beneficial ; as, good for sick 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c., short.— F aR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



GOO 



457 



GOtv 



ness. 11. Suited to strengthen or assist the healthful func- 
tions. 12. Pleasant to the taste. 13. Full ; complete ; as. 
a good handful. — Addison. 14. Useful; valuable; having 
qualities or a tendency to produce a good effect. 15. 
Equal; adequate; competent; sufficient: as, good securi- 
ty ; Antonio is a good man. — Shak, 16. Favorable ; con- 
venient for any purpose. 17. Convenient; suitable; safe. 

18. Well qualified; able; skillful; as, a good mechanic. 

19. Ready ; dextrous ; as, good at flattering. — South. 29. 
Kind ; benevolent ; affectionate. 21. Kind ; affectionate ; 
faithful. 22. Promotive of happiness ; pleasant ; agreea- 
ble ; cheering ; gratifying. 23. Pleasant or prosperous ; as, 
to bid one good day. 24. Honorable ; fair ; unblemished ; 
unimpeached. 25. Cheerful ; favorable to happiness. 26. 
Great or considerable ; not small nor very great. 27. El- 
egant ; polite ; as, in good society. 28. Real ; serious ; not 
feigned ; as, in good earnest. 29. Kind ; favorable ; benev- 
olent; humane. 30. Benevolent; merciful ; gracious. 31. 
Seasonable; commendable; proper. 32. Pleasant; cheer- 
ful ; festive. 33. Companionable ; social ; merry. 34. 
Brave; [in familiar language.] 35. In the phrases, the 
good man, applied to the master of the house, and good 
woman, applied to the mistress, good sometimes express- 
es a moderate degree of respect, and sometimes slight con- 
tempt 36. Comely ; handsome ; well formed. 37. Mild ; 

Sleasant 38. Mild ; calm ; not irritable. 39. Kind ; friend- 
j; humane. 

Good advice, wise and prudent counsel. — Good heed, great 
care ; due caution.— In good sooth, in good truth ; in real- 
ity; [obs.]— To make good. 1. To perform; to fulfill, as 
an engagement. 2. To confirm or establish ; to prove ; to 
verify, as a charge or complaint. 3. To supply deficiency ; 
to make up a defect or loss. 4. To indemnify ; to give an 
equivalent for damages. 5. To carry into effect; to ac- 
complish, as one's escape. — To stand good, to be firm or 
valid.— To think good, to see good, is to be pleased or satis- 
fied; to think to be expedient— As good as, equally; no 
better than ; the same as.— As good as his word, equaling 
in fulfillment what was promised ; performing to the ex- 
tent. 

GOOD, n. 1. That which contributes to diminish or remove 
pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity ; benefit ; ad- 
Tantage. 2. Welfare ; prosperity; advancement of inter- 
est or happiness, 3. Spiritual advantage or improvement. 
4. Earnest ; not jest, as in the phrase for good. So for 
good and all means finally. 5. Moral works. 6. Moral 
qualities ; virtue ; righteousness. 7. The best fruits ; rich- 
ness ; abundance. 

*. GOOD, v. t. To manure.— Hall. 

»500b. adv. As good, as well : with equal advantage ; as, 
had you not as good go with me 1 

GOOD, inter}. Well ! right ! 

SOOD'-BREEDTNG, n. Polite manners, formed by a good 
education ; a polite education. 

GOOD-BY'. Farewell. See By. 

GOOD-€ON-Dl"TION£D, a. Being in a good state ; having 
good qualities or favorable symptoms. 

GOOD-DaV, n. or iuterj. A term of salutation at meeting 
or parting ; farewell. 

GOQD'-FKL'LoW, n. A boon companion. 

GOOD'-FEL'LoW, v. t. To make a boon companion; to 
besot. [Little used.] 

GOOD'-FEL'LoW-SHIP, n. Merry society. 

GOOD-FRi'DAY, n. A fast in memory of our Savior's suf- 
ferings, kept on the Friday of passion-week. 

GOOD-Hu'MOR, n. A cheerful temper or state of mind. 

GOOD-Hu'MOR£D, a. Being of a cheerful temper. 

GOOD-Hu'MOR£D-LY, adv. With a cheerful temper ; in 
a cheerful way. 

GOOD'-MAN, n. 1. A familiar appellation of civility; [some- 
times used ironically.] 2. A rustic term of compliment. 
3. A familiar appellation of a husband ; also, the master 
of a familv. 

GOOD-MANNERS, n. pi. Propriety of behavior ; polite- 
ness ; decorum. # 

GOOD -MOR'RoW, n. or inter). A term of salutation ; good- 
mornin<r. 

GOQD-Na'TURE (-nat'yur), n. Natural mildness and kind- 
ness of disposition. 

GOOD-N a'TUR-ED, a. Naturally mild in temper ; not easi- 
ly provoked. 

GOOD-N ATUR.ED-LY, adv. With mildness of temper. 

GOOD-NlGHT (-nite), n. or interj. A form of salutation 
in parting for the night. 

GOOD'-NOW. 1. An exclamation of wonder or surprise. 
2. An exclamation of entreaty.— Shak. ; [not used.] 

GOOD-SPEED, n. Good success. See Speed. 

GOOD SENSE, n. Sound judgment. 

GOOD'-WlFE, n. The mistress of a family.— B urton. 

GOOD-WILL', n. 1. Benevolence; kind feeling. 2. Fa- 
cilities for business or trade ; custom. 

GOOD-W<">M'AN, n. The mistress of a family; [applied to 
persons in the lower walks of life.] 



GOOD'ING, n. A custom by women only, who ask nirna, 
and in return wish all that is good. 

t GOOD'DEN', for Saxon good-dagen, good-day, a kind wish 
or salutation. 

t GOOD'LESS, a. Having no goods. — Chaucer. 

GOOD'LI-EST, a. Most good or excellent. 

GOOD'LI-NESS, n. Beauty of form ; grace : elegance. 

GOOD'LY, adv. Excellently.— Spenser. 

GOOD'LY, a. 1. Being of a handsome form; beautiful, 
graceful. 2. Pleasant ; agreeable ; desirable. 3. B alky ; 
swelling ; affectedly turgid ; [obs.] 

tGOOD'LY-HEAD, n. Goodness; grace.— Spenser. 

GOODNESS, n. 1. The state of being good; the physical 
qualities which constitute value, excellence, or perfection. 
2. The moral qualities which constitute Christian excel- 
lence ; moral virtue ; religion. 3. Kindness ; benevolence ; 
benignity of heart ; but, more generally, acts of kindness ; 
charity ; humanity exercised. 4. Kindness ; benevolence 
of nature ; mercy. 5. Kindness ; favor shown ; acts of 
benevolence, compassion, or mercy. 

GOODS, n. pi. 1. Household furniture. 2. Personal or 
movable estate. 3. Articles bought and sold by merchants 
and traders.— Syn. Movables ; chattels ; effects ; wares 
merchandise ; commodities. 

t GOOD'SHIP, n. Favor ; grace. 

GOOD'Y, n. [qu. good-wife.] A low term of civilitv or sport. 

GOOD'Y-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a goody. [Low.] 

GOOG'INGS, 7i.pl. In seamen's language, clamps of iron on 
which the rudder is hung ; now written gudgeons. 

GOO-ROO', n. A spiritual guide among the Hindoos. 
Malcom. 

GOOS'AN-DER, n. A migratory water-fowl ; the merganser. 

GOOSE (goos), n. ; pi. Geese. [Sax. gos.] 1. A well-known 
aquatic fowl of the genus auscr ; but the domestic goose 
lives chiefly on land, and feeds on grass. 2. A tailor's 
smoothing-iron. 3. A silly creature. Rich. Diet. — A green 
goose, in cookern. is one under four months old. 

GOOSE'- IsE-GK (goos'-nek), n. In a ship, a piece of iron 
bent like the neck of a goose and fitted to the end of a 
boom, yard, &c. 

GOOSE'-QUILL (goos'-kwil), n. The large feather or quill 
of a goose, or a pen made with it. 

GOOSE-T6NGUE (goos'-tung), n. A plant allied to yarrow 

GOOSE'-WING (goos'-wing), n. In seamen's language, a 
name gi*'en to the clews or lower corners of a foresail or 
mainsail when the center or body of the sail is furled. 
Totten. 

GOOSE'BER-RY, n. [D. kruisbes; L. grossula, The En. 
glish word is undoubtedly corrupted from crossberry, gross- 
berry, or gorseberry.] The fruit of a prickly shrub, and 
the shrub itself, the ribes grossularia. 

GOOSE'BER-RY-FOOL, n. A compound made of goose- 
berries scalded and pounded, with cream. — Goldsmith. 

GOOSE'-GAP (goos'kap), n. A silly person.— Bcaum. and Fl. 

GOOSE'FOOTVgoos'fut), n. An herb whose leaf is shaped 
like a goose's foot. 

GOOSE'GRXSS (goos'gras), n. An herb on which geese 
feed ; a species of bedstraw. 

GOOS'E-RY, n. A place for geese. 

Gu'PHER, n. 1. The French popular name ($aufres) of 
two species of rodents, mischievous burrowing quadru- 
peds found in the Mississippi Valley and on the'Missouri, 
about the size of a squirrel. 2. [Heb.] A species of wood 
used by Noah in the construction of the ark. 

tGOP'PISH, a. Proud; pettish.— Ray. 

GOR'-BEL-LISD, a. Big-bellied.— Shak. 

t GOR'-BEL-LY, n. A prominent belly. 

GOR'-€0€K, ii. The moor-cock or red-grouse. 

G0R'-€R5W, n. The carrion-crow. — Johnson. 

GOR'-HEN, ii. The female of the gor-cock. 

t GORCE, n. [Norm., Fr. govs.] A pool of water to keep 
fish in ; a weir. 

GORD, n. An instrument of gaming ; a sort of dice. — Smart 

GOR'DI-AN, a. Intricate. — Gordian knot, in antiquity, a knot 
in the leather or harness of Gordius, a king of Phrygia, so 
very intricate, that there was no finding where it began or 
ended. Alexander cut it with his sword. Hence, to cui 
the Gordian knot, is to remove a difficulty by violence. 

GoRE, n. [Sax. gor.] 1. Blood ; but g aurally, thick or 
clotted blood. 2. Dirt; mud; [unusual.'] 

GoRE, n. [Scot, gore, or gair.] 1. A wedge-shaped or tri- 
angular piece of cloth sewed into a garment to widen it in 
any part. 2. A slip or triangular piece of land.— 3. In her 
aldry, an abatement denoting a Coward. 

GoRE, v. t. [W.gyru.] 1. To stab ; to pierce ; to penetrate 
with a pointed instrument, as a spear. 2. To pierce with 
the point of a horn. 3. To cut in a triangular form ; to 
piece with a gore. 

GORED, pp. or a. Stabbed ; pierced with a pointed instru- 
ment ; cut in the form of a gore ; furnished with a gore. 

GORGE (gorj), n. [Fv. gorge; It. g org a.] 1. The throut; 
the gullet ; the canal of the neck by which food passes to 
the stomach. 2. A narrow passage between hills or mount- 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



uos 



458 



GOV 



ains. — 3. In architecture, a concave molding, the cavetto, 
which sue.— 4. In fortification, the entrance into a bastion 
or other outwork. 5. That which is gorged or swallowed. 

GORGE (gorj), v. t. 1. To swallow ; to swallow with greed- 
iness. 2. To glut ; to till the throat or stomach ; to satiate. 

GOI16E. v. i. To feed.— Milton. 

GORGED, pp. Swallowed; glutted. 

GORGED, a. 1. Having a gorge or throat. — 2. In heraldry, 
bearing a crown or the like about the neck. 

GOR'GEOUS (gor'jus), a. Showy ; fine ; splendid ; glitter- 
ing with gay colors. 

GOR'GEOUS-LY, adv. With showy magnificence; splen- 
didly ; finely. 

GOR'G EOUS-NESS, n. Show of dress or ornament ; splen- 
dor of raiment. 

GOR'GET (gor'jet), n. [Fr. gorgette.] 1. A piece of armor 
for defending the throat or neck ; a kind of breast-plate 
like a half moon. 2. A pendent metallic ornament worn 
by officers when on duty ; [Eng.] Campbell's Mil. Diet. — 
3. Formerly, a ruff" worn by females. — 4. In surgery, gor- 
get, or gorgeret, is a cutting instrument used in lithotomy. 

GORg'ING, ppr. Swallowing ; eating greedily ; glutting. 

GOR'GON, //. [Gr.J 1. A fabled monster of terrific aspect, 
the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. 2. Any 
thing very ugly or horrid. 

GOR'GON, a. Like a gorgon ; very ugly or terrific. 

GOR-Go'NE-AN, \ a. Like a gorgon ; pertaining to gorgons. 

GOR-Go'Nf-AN, 5 —Milton. 

GOR-GO-Ne'IA, n. pi. In architectural sculpture, masks 
carved in imitation of Medusa's head ; used as keystones. 
— Elmes. 

GOR-Go'NI-A, n. pi. A family of flexible coral zoophytes, 
growing in the form of shrubs, twigs, and reticulate fronds. 
— Dana. 

GoR'ING, ppr. [from gore.] Stabbing ; piercing. 

GoRTNG, n. A pricking ; puncture. — Dryden. 

GOR-'MAND, }u. [Fr. gourmand; W. gormant.] A 

GOR'MAND-ER., 5 greedy or ravenous eater ; a glutton. 

GOR'MAND. a. Gluttonous ; voracious. 

GOR'MAND-ISM, n. Gluttonry. 

GOR'MAND-iZE, v. i. To eat greedily ; to swallow vora- 
ciously.— Shak. 

\ GORMANDIZE, n. Voraciousness. 

GOR'MAND-lZ-ER, n. A greedy, voracious eater. 

GOR'MAND-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Eating greedily, and vora- 
ciously. 

GOR'MAND-TZ-ING, n. The act or habit of eating greedily 
and voraciously. 

GORSE, \ n. [Sax. gorst.] Furze, or whin, a thick, prickly 

GORSS, > shrub, with yellow flowers, of the genus ulex. 

GoR'Y, a. 1. Covered with congealed or clotted blood. 2. 
Bloody ; murderous. — Shak. 

GOSHAWK, n. [Sax. goshafoc] A voracious bird of the 
hawk family. 

GOSLING, n. [Sax. gos and ling.] 1. A young goose ; a 
goose not full grown. 2. A catkin on nut-trees and pines. 

GOS'PEL, n. [Sax. godspcll; god, good, and spell, history.] 

1. A revelation of the grace of God to fallen man through 
a Mediator. 2. A history or narrative of the birth, life, 
actions, death, resurrection, ascension, and doctrines of 
Jesus Christ. 3. Divinity; theology. — Milton. 4. Any 
general doctrine. — Burke. 

GOS'PEL, a, Accordant with the Gospel ; as, Gospel righte- 
eousness. — Warburton. 

GOS'PEL, v. t. To instruct in the Gospel ; or to fill with 
sentiments of religion. — Shak. 

GOS'PEL-GOS'SIP, n. One who is over-zealous in running 
about among his neighbors to lecture on religious subjects. 
Addison. 

GOSTEL£D, pp. Evangelized ; instructed in the Gospel. 

GOS'PEL-ER, n. 1. An evangelist ; also, a follower of Wic- 
lif : {little used.] 2. He who reads the Gospel at the altar. 

GOS'PEL-ING, ppr. Instructing in the Gospel. 

1 GOS'PEL-lZE, v. t. 1. To form according to the Gospel. 
— Milton. 2. To instruct in the Gospel ; to evangelize. — 
Boyk ; [obs.] 

GOSS, n. A kind of low furze or gorse.— Shak. 

GOS'SA-MER, n. [L. gossipium.] A fine, filmy substance, 
like cobwebs, floating in the ah - , in calm, clear weather, 
especially in autumn. 

GOS'SA-MER- Y, a. Like gossamer ; flimsy ; unsubstantial. 
— Pursuits of Literature. 

GOS'SIP, n. [Sax. godsibb.] 1. A sponser ; one who an- 
swers for a child in baptism ; [obs.] 2. A tippling com- 
panion. — Shak. 3. One who runs from house to house, 
tattling and telling news ; an idle tattler. 4. A friend or 
neighbor; [obs.] 5. Mere tattle : idle talk. 

GOS'SiP, v. i. L. To prate ; to chat; to talk much.— Shak. 

2. To be a pot-companion. — Shak. 3. To run about and 
tattle ; to j^ell idle tales. 

GOS'SIP-LlKE, a. Like a gossip. 

GOS'SIP-ING. /rpr. or a. Prating; chatting; running from 
place to place and tattling ; containing gossip. 



running about to collec 
spiritual affinity, fo> 



* Ste Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD 



GOS'SIP-ING, n. A prating 

tales and tattle, 
t GOS'SIP-RED, n. Compaternity ; 

which a juror might be challenged, 
t GOS-SOON', 72. [Fr. garcon.] A boy ; a servant. 
GOS'TING, n. An herb.— A iusworth. 
GOT, pret. of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced got, i 

nearly obsolete. 

GOTTEN, I PP- of & et ' 

GoTE, n. A water passage ; a channel for water. — Grose. 

GOTH, n. 1. One of an ancient and distinguished tribe oi 
nation, which inhabited Scandinavia. 2. One rude or un 
civilized; a barbarian. — Addison. 3. A rude, ignoran* 
person. — Chesterfield. 

Go'THAM-IST, n. A wiseacre ; a person deficient in wis 
dom, so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, noted 
for somepleasant blunders. — Bp. Morton. 

Go'THAM-iTE, n. A term sportively applied to the inhab- 
itants of New York. 

GOTHIC, a. 1. Pertaining to the Goths. 2. Denoting a 
style of architecture with high and sharply-pointed arches, 
clustered columns, &c. 3. Rude ; ancient. 4. Barbarous. 

GOTH'IC, n. The language of the Goths. 

GOTH'I-CISM, n. 1. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness. 
2. A Gothic idiom. 3. Conformity to the Gothic style of 
building. 

GOTH'I-CIZE, v. t. To make Gothic ; to bring back to bar- 
barism. — Strult. 

GOTH'I-CIZ£D, pp. Made Gothic; brought back to bar- 
barism. 

t GOUD, n. Woad. 

* GOUGE (gowj. In most English authorities, gooj), n. 

[Fr. gouge.] A semicircular chisel, used to cut holes, 

channels, or grooves in wood or stone. 
GOUgE (gowj), v. t. 1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To 

force out the eye of a person with the thumb or finger ; 

[a barbarous practice. America.] 
GOUGED (goujd), pp. Scooped out, as with a gouge. 
GOUg'ING, ?/. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or of 

forcing out the eye with the thumb or finger. See Gouge. 
GuU'JEERS, n. [Fr. gouge, a camp trull.] The venereal 

disease. — Shak. 
GOU'LAND, n. A plant or flower. — Ben Jonson. 
GuU-LaRD'S' EXTRACT. [So called from the inventor.] 

A saturated solution of the trisacetate of lead, used as a 

remedy for inflammation. 

* GoURD, n. [Fr. courge.] A well-known plant and its 
fruit, the shell of which is often used to dip or hold liq- 
uids. 

GdURD'-TREE, n. A tree, the crescentia. 

GdURD'I-NESS, n. A swelling on a horse's leg. 

GdURD'Y, a. Swelled in the legs. 

GoUR'MaND (goor-), n. [Fr.] A ravenous eater ; a glutton. 

GOUR'NET, n. A fish. See Gurnet. 

GOUT, n. [Fr. goutte.] 1. A chronic disease ocrarring by 
paroxysms, and consisting in a peculiar topical inflamma- 
tion, having its regular seat in the largest joint of the great 
toe, but sometimes transferred to other parts of the body, 
particularly the stomach. It is often periodical or inter- 
mitting. 2. A clot or coagulation ; as, " on the blade of 
the dudgeon gouts of blood." — Shak. ; [not used.] 

G5UT (goo), n. [Fr., from L. gustus.] Taste; relish. 

GOUT'-SWELLjED, a. Swelled with the gout. 

GOUT'I-LY, adv. In a gouty manner. 

GOUT'I-NESS, n. The state of being subject to the gout ; 
gouty affections. 

GOUTWORT, n. A plant, the agopodium. 

GOUT'Y, a. 1. Diseased with the gout, or subject to the 
gout. 2. Pertaining to the gout. 3. Swelled ; boggy ; [obs.] 

GOVE, n. A mow. — Tusser. 

GoVE, v. t. To mow ; to put in a gove. goff, or mow. - 
Tusser. 

GOVERN (guv'ern), v. t. [Fr. gouverner.] 1. To direct and 
control, as the actions or conduct of men ; to regulate by 
authority ; to keep within the limits prescribed ; to sway 
2. To regulate ; to influence ; to direct. 3. To control ; 
to restrain ; to keep in due subjection ; to command, as 
the feelings. 4. To dir?ct; to steer; to regulate the 
course or motion of a strip. — 5. In grammar, to require to 
be in a particular case. 

GOVERN, v. i. I. To exercise authority ; to administer the 
laws. 2. To maintain the superiority ; to have the control. 

GOVERN-A-BLE, a. That may be governed, or subjected . 
to authority ; controllable ; manageable ; obedient sub- 
missive to law or rule. — Locke. 

GOVERN-ANCE, n. Government; exercise of authority; 
direction ; control ; management. — Shak. 

^GOV'ERN-ANTE. n. [Fr. gouvernante.] A lady who has 
the care and manaaement of young females ; a governess. 

G6 V'ERN1?D, pp. Directed; regulated by authority ; con- 
trolled ; managed ; influenced ; restrained. 

GO V'ERN-ESS, n. A female invested with authority to con- 

MoVE.BOOKT 



GFvA 



459 



GRA 



trol raid direct ; a tutoress : an instructress ; a woman who 
has the care of instructing and directing young ladies. 
E6VERN-ING, jrpr. 1. Directing ; controlling ; regulating 
by laws or edicts ; managing ; influencing ; restraining. 
2. a. Holding the superiority ; prevalent. 3. Directing ; 
controlling ; as, a governing motive. 
G6VERN-MENT, n. 1. Direction ; regulation ; rule ; guid- j 
ance, as of one's own actions. 2. Control ; restraint, as 
of temper or feelings. 3. The exercise of authority ; di- 
rection and restraint exercised over the actions of men ; 
the administration of public affairs. 4. The exercise of 
authority by a parent or householder. 5. The system of 
polity in a state ; that form of fundamental rules and prin- 
ciples by which a nation cr state is governed. 6. An em- 
pire, kingdom, or state ; any territory over which the 
right of sovereignty is extended. 7. The right of govern- 
ing or administering the laws. 8. The persons or coun- 
cil which administer the laws of a kingdom or state ; ex- 
ecutive power. 9. Manaseableness ; compliance ; obse- 
quiousness. — Shak. 10. Regularity of behavior; [obs.] 
11. Management of the limbs or body; [obs.] — 12. Iii 
gramma?; the influence of a word in regard to construc- 
tion, as when established usage requires that one word 
should cause another to be in a particular case or mode. 
GoV-ERN-MENTAL, a. Pertaining to government ; made 

by government. — Hamilton. 
G6VERN-OR, n. 1. He who governs, rules, or directs ; one 
invested with supreme authority ; a ruler. 2. One who 
is invested with supreme authority to administer or en- 
force the laws, as of a state or country. 3. A tutor ; one 
who has the care of a young man. 4. A pilot ; one who 
steers a ship. 5. One possessing delegated authority. — b". 
In mechanics, a pair of heavy balls connected with machin- 
ery, designed to equalize its speed. 
G6VERN-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a governor. 
GOW'AN, n. A plant, a species of be.llis or daisy. 
GOWK. See Gawk. 
t GOWK, v. l. To stupefy.— Ben Jonson. 
* GOWL, v. i. [Icel. goela.] To howl.— Wickliffe. 
GOWN, v. [W. gwu.] 1. A woman's upper garment. 2. 
Along, loose, upper garment or robe, worn by profession- 
al men, as divines, students, &c. Hence the phrase, men 
of the gown, or gownsmen. 3. A long, loose, upper gar- 
ment, worn in sickness, &c. 4. The dress of peace, or 
of the civil magistracy. 
GOWNED, a. Dressed in a gown. — Dry den. 
GOWN'MAN, )n. 1. One whose professional habit is a 
GOWNS'MAN, 5 gown, as a divine or a lawyer, and par- 
ticularly a member of an English university. 2. One de- 
voted to the arts of peace. — Rowe. 
GOWT, > n. A sluice in embankments against the sea, for 
GO OUT, 5 letting out the land waters when the tide is 

low, and preventing the ingress of salt water. — Francis. 
GOZ'ZARD, n. [a corruption of goosefterd.] One who at- 
tends geese. [ Vulgar.] 
GRAB, n. 1. A sudden grasp or seizure ; [vulgar.] 2. A 
vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three 
masts. — Diet. 
GRAB, v. l. [Dan. greb.] To seize ; to gripe suddenly. 

[Vulgar.] 
GRABBED, pp. Seized suddenly. 
GRAB'BING, ppr. Seizing suddenly. 

GRAB'BLE, v. i. [dim. of grab; D.grabbclen.] 1. To grope; 
to feel with the hands. 2. To lie prostrate on the belly ; 
to sprawl. 
GRAB'BLING. ppr. Groping; feeling along ; sprawling. 
wRaCE, n. [Fr. grace ; It. grazia ; Sp. gracia.] 1. Favor ; 
good-will ; kindness ; disposition to oblige another ; be- 
neficence ; generosity. — 2. Appropriately, the free, unmer- 
ited love and favor of God. 3. Favorable influence of 
God ; divine influence. 4. The application of Christ's 
righteousness to the sinner. 5. A state of reconciliation 
to God. 6. Virtuous or religious affection or disposition. 
7. Spiritual instruction, improvement, and edification. 8. 
Apostleship, or the qualifications of an apostle. 9. Eternal 
lite; fund salvation. 10. The Gospel. 11. Favor; mercy: 
pardon ; as, to sue for grace. — Milton. 12. Favor confer- 
red.- -Prior. 13. Privilege. — Dryden. 14. That, in man- 
ner, deportment, or language, which renders it appropri- 
ate and agreeable ; suitableness : elegance or ease, with 
appropriate dignity. 15. Natural or acquired excellence. 
16. Beauty ; embellishment ; in general, whatever adorns 
and recommends to favor ; sometimes, a single beauty. 17. 
Beauty deified. 18. Virtue physical ; [not "used.] 19. The 
title of a duke or an archbishop, and formerly of the King 
of England, meaning your goodness or clemency. 20. A 
short prayer before or after meat. — 21. In English univer- 
sities, an act, vote, or decree of the government of the in- 
stitution. — Day of grace, in theology, time of probation. — 
Days of grace, in- commerce, the days immediately follow- 
big the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days 
are allowed to the debtor or piyer to make payment in. 
5JRaCE, v. t. 1. To adorn ; to decorate ; io embellish and 



dignify. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor ; to 
honor. — Knolles. 3. To favor ; to honor. — Dryden. 4. 
To supply with heavenly grace. — Bp. Hall. 

GRaCE'-CUP. n. The cup or health drank after grace. 
Prior. 

GRaCE'-SaY'ER, n. One who says grace. , 

GRaCED (grast), pp. 1. Adorned ; embellished ; exalted , 
dignified ; honored. 2. a. Beautiful ; graceful ; [obs.] 3L 
Virtuous; regular; chaste; [obs.] 

GRaCE'FUL, a. Beautiful with dignity; elegan*. ; easy, 
agreeable in appearance, with an expression of dignity or 
elevation of mind or manner. 

GRaCE'FUL-LY, adv. With a pleasing dignity ; elegantly § 
with a natural ease and propriety. 

GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Elegance of manner or deport- 
ment ; beauty with dignity in manner, motion, or coun- 
tenance. 

GRaCE'LESS, a. 1. Void of grace ; unregenerate ; unsanc- 
tified. 2. Corrupt : depraved ; profligate. 

GRaCE'LESS-LY, adv. Without grace. 

GRaCE'LESS-NESS, n. Want of grace; profligacy. — Dr 
Favour. 

GRa'CES, n. pi. 1. In mythology, three beautiful sisters 
who attended Venus. 2. A play which consists in throw- 
ing and catching a small hoop with rods, designed to give 
grace of motion. — 3. In music, ornamental notes attached 
to principal ones. — 4. Good graces, favor or friendship 
See, also, Grace. 

tGRAC'ILE (srras'il), a. [L. gracilis.] Slender. 

t GRAC'1-LENT, a. [L.gracilentus.] Lean; slender.— Diet. 

tGRA-CIL'I-TY, ?/. Slenderness. 

GRaCIOUS (gra'shus), a. [ Fr. gracievx ; L. gratiosus.] 1 
Expressive of grace, kindness, or favor ; as, a gracious re- 
ception. 2. Disposed to forgive offenses and impart un- 
merited blessings. 3. Proceeding from divine grace. 4. 
Acceptable ; favored : [little used.] 5. Renewed or sanc- 
tified by grace. 6. Virtuous ; good. — Shak. 7. Excellent; 
graceful! becoming; [obs.] — Syn. Favorable; kind; be- 
nevolent ; friendly ; beneficent ; benignant ; merciful. 

GRa'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. Kindly; favorably ; in a friendly 
manner; with kind condescension. 2. In a pleasing m;>nner. 

GRa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Kind condescension. 2. Posses- 
sion of graces or good qualities. 3. Pleasing manner. 4. 
Mercifulness. 

GRACK'LE (grakl), n. [L. gracnlus.] One of a genus of 
birds, including the crow blackbird. 

GRA-DaTION, n. [h. gradatio; Fr. gradation] 1. A se- 
ries of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by 
step ; hence, progn ss from one degree or state to another ; 
a regular advance from step to step. 2. A degree in any 
order or series. 3. Order ; series ; regular process by de- 
grees or steps. — 4. In painting, the gradual blending of 
one tint into another. Brande. — 5. In music, a diatonic 
ascending or descending succession of chords. — rrande. 

GRA-Da'TION-AL, a. According to gradation. — Lawrence. 

G K A-D a'TI ON ED. a. Formed by gradation.— Nt w Am. Reg. 

GRAD'A-TO-RV, a. Proceeding step by step.— S, ward. 

GRAD'A-TO-RY, n. Steps from the cloisters into the 
ch urch. — A insyoorth. 

GRaDE, n. [Sax. grade, grad: Fr. grade; Sp.. It. grado , 
from L. gradns.] 1. A degree or rank in order or dignity, 
civil, military, or ecclesiastical. — Sir IV. Scott. — R. Southey 
2. A step or degree in any ascending series. — S. S. Smith. 
3.- The degree of ascent or descent in a road : [U. Slates.] 

GRaDE, v. t. To reduce the line of a canal or ro .d to such 
levels or degrees of inclination as prepare it for being used. 
[United Sftes.] 

GR aD'ED, pp. Reduced to a proper degree of accent. 

GP.aDK'LY, adv. Well; handsomely; decently; orderly 
[Crnven dialect.] 

GRaDE'LY, a. Decent: orderly. — Cheshire. 

GRa'DI-ENT, a. [L gradients.) 1. Moving by steps ; walk 
hag. — Wilkins. 2. Rising or descending by regular de 
grees of inclination ; as, the gradient line of a ra 1-road. 

GRa'DI-ENT, n. The degree of ascent or descent in a rail 
road. [England.] 

GRaD'ING. ppr. Reducing to a proper degree of ascent. 

GRaD'ING, n. The act of reducing the Hue of a crnal or 
road to such levels or degrees of inclination as prepare it 
for being used. [ United Suites.] 

GRAD'U-AL (grad'yu-al). a. [Fr. graducl] 1. Proceeding 
by steps or degrees; advancing step by Step; passing 
from one step to another ; regular and slow. 2. Pro- 
ceeding by degrees in a descending line or progress. 

GRAD'U-AL, n. 1. An order of steps. — Dryden." 2. An an- 
cient book of hymns so calh d because some of them 
were chanted on the steps {gradus) of the pulpit — Hook. 

t GRAD-U-AL'I-TY, n. Regular progression. — Brown. 
GRAD'U-AL-l.Y. adv. 1. By degrees; step by step; regu- 

larlv : slowly. 2. In degree ; [not used.] 
GRADU-aTE (grad'yu-ate), r. t. [h.graduarr.] 1. To hon- 
or with a degree or diploma, in a college or university; 
to confer a degree on 2. To divide any space into small 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CTOUS.— € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete 



GRA 



460 



GRA 



regular intervals ; as, to graduate an instrument into de- 
grees or inches. 3. To form shades or nice differences. 

4. To raise to a higher place in the scale of metals. — Boyle. 

5. To advance by degrees ; to improve, as colors. — Brown. 

6. To temper ; to prepare. — Med. Repos. 7. To mark de- 

frees or differences of any kind. — 8. In chemistry, to bring 
uids to a certain degree of consistency. 

GRAD'U-aTE, v. i. 1. To receive a degree from a college 
or university. — Gilpin. 2. To pass by degrees ; to change 
gradually. — KLrwan. 

GRAD'U-ATE, n. One who has received a degree in a col 
lege or university, or from some professional incorporated 
society._ 

GRAD 'U-A-TED, pp. or a. 1. Honored with a degree or di- 
ploma from some learned society or college. 2. Marked 
with degrees or regular intervals ; tempered. 

GRAD'U-ATE-SHIP, n. The state of a graduate. 

GRAD'U-A-TING, ppr. Honoring with a degree ; marking 
with degrees. 

GRAD-U-A'TION, n. 1. Regular progression by succession 
of degrees. 2. Improvement ; exaltation of qualities. — 
Brown. 3. The act of conferring or receiving academical 
degrees. 4. A division of any space into small, regular 
intervals ; as, the graduation of a barometer. 5. The 
process of bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by 
evaporation. 

GRAD'U-a-TOR, n. An instrument for dividing any line, 
right or curve, into small, regular intervals. 

GRa'DUS, n. [L.] A dictionary of prosody. 

GRAFF, n. [See Grave.] A ditch or moat. — Clarendon. 

t GRAFF, superseded by graft. 

GRAF'FER, n. A notary or scrivener. — Bouvier. 

GRAFT, n. [Fr. greffe.] A small shoot or cion of a tree, in- 
serted in another tree as the stock which is to support and 
nourish it. 

GRAFT, v. t. [Fr. greffer.] 1. To insert a cion or shoot, or 
a small cutting of it, into another tree. 2. To propagate 
by insertion or inoculation. 3. To insert in a body to 
which it did not originally belong. 4. To impregnate with 
a foreign branch. — Shak. 5. To join one thing to another 
so as to receive support from it. — Pope. 

GRAFT, v. i. To practice the insertion ot foreign cions on 
a stock. 

GRAFTED, pp. or a. Inserted on a foreign stock. 

GRAFTER, n. One who inserts cions on foreign stocks, or 
propagates fruit by ingrafting. 

GRAFTING, ppr. Inserting cions on different stocks. 

GRAFTING, n. The act of inserting grafts or cions. 

GRAIL, h. [I., graduale.] A book of offices in the Roman 
Catholic Church ; a gradual. — Warton. 

GRAIL, n. [Fr. grele.) Small particles of any kind. 

GRAIN, n. [Fr. grain; L. granum.] 1. Any small hard 
mass, as ot sand. 2. A single seed or hard seed of a plant, 
particularly of those kinds whose seeds are used for food 
of man or beast. — 3. Grain, without a definitive, signifies 
corn in general, as wheat, rye. barley, oats, and maize. 4. 
A minute particle. 5. A small weight, or the smallest 
weight ordinarily used, being the twentieth part of the 
scruple in apothecaries' weight, and the twenty-fourth of 
a penny-weight troy. 6. A component part of stones and 
metals. 7. The veins or fibres of wood or other fibrous 
substances; the direction of the fibres. Hence, figurative- 
ly, crossed-grained and against the grain ; i. e., against the 
natural temper or feelings : [see No. 13.J 8. The body or 
substance ot wood as modified by the fibres. 9. A rough 
or fibrous texture on the outside of the skin of animals. 
10. The body or substance of a thing, considered with re- 
spect to the size, form, or direction of the constituent par- 
ticles. 11. Any thing proverbially small ; a very small 
particle or portion, as of feeling. 12. Dye or tincture ; 
as, a robe of the darkest grain.— Milton. 13. The heart 
or temper ; as, united in grain. 14. The form of the sur- 
face of any thing, with respect to smoothness or rough- 
ness ; state of the grit of any body composed of grains. 
15. A tine, prong, or spike. Ray. — A grain of allowance, a 
small allowance or indulgence. Watts. — To dye in grain, 
is to dye in the raw material. 

I GRAIN, v. i. To yield fruit.— Gower. 



|8BS>** 



GRaIN, v. t. 1. To paint in imitation of the grain or fibres 

of wood. 2. To form into grains, as powder. 
GRAIN'-MOTH, n. An insect whose larvae or grubs devour 

grain in the store-house. 
GRAINED, vp. or a. Painted in imitation of the grain of 

wood : formed into grains ; roughened. 
GRa IN £1), a. 1. Rough ; made less smooth. — Shak. 2. 

Dyed in grain ; ingrained. — Brown. 
GRAIN'ER, n. 1. A lixivium obtained by infusing pigeon's 

dung in water ; used by tanners. — Ure. 2. One who paints 

in imitation of the grain of wood. 
GRa IN'ING, ppr. Painting in imitation of the grain of wood ; 

forming into grains. 



GRAINING, n. A kind of painting in imitation *jf the gi ai» 

or fibres of wood. 
GRaINTNG, n. 1. Indentation. 2. A fish allied to the dace. 
GRaINS, n. pi. The husks or remains of malt after brew- 
ing, or of any grain after distillation. — Grains of paradise, 

a very pungent Indian spice. 
GRAIN'STAFF, n. A quarter-staff. 
GRaIN'Y, a. Full of grains or corn ; full of kernels. 
GRAITH, v. t. To prepare. See Greith. 
GRAL'L/E, n. pi. [L.] Wading birds. See Grallic. 
GRAL-LA-To'RI-AL, } a. [L. grallatorius.] A term denoting 
GRAL'LA-TO-RY, \ birds which are waders, having 

long, naked legs. 
GRAL'LIC, a. [L. gralla.] Stilted ; an epithet given to an 

order of birds having long, naked legs, adapted to wading, 
t GRAM, a. [Sax. gram.] Angry. 

GRAM, ) n. [Fr. gramme ; Gr. ypaixyta.] In the new sy»- 

GRAMME, 5 tern of French weights, the unity of weights, 

being about 15| grains troy, or ffijfo dram avoirdupois. [It 

is desirable that this word should be anglicized, gram.] 
GRAM'A-RyE, n. The art of necromancy.— Walter Scott. 
t GRA-MER'CY, for Fr. grand-merci, great thanks. An in 

terjection formerly used to express thankfulness with sur 

prise. 
GRA-MIN'E-AL, ) a. [L. gramineus.] Grassy ; like or per- 
GRA-MIN'E-OUS, 5 taming to grass. 
GRAM-lN-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Bearing leaves like grass. 
GRAM-IN-IV'O-ROUS, a. [L. gramen and voro.) Feeding 

or subsisting on grass. 
GRAM'MAR, n. [Fr. grammaire ; L. grammatica ; Gr. ypafi 

nanKn.] 1. The art of speaking or writing a language 

with propriety or correctness. 2. A system of general 

principles and of particular rules for speaking or writing 

a language. 3. Propriety of speech, 
t GRAM'MAR, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of 

grammar. 
GRAM'MAR, a. Belonging to grammar. 
GRAM'MAR-SCHOOL (-skool), n. A school in which the 

learnedlanguages are taught, i. e., Latin and Greek. 
GRAM-Ma'RI-AN, n. 1. One versed in grammar, or the 

construction of languages ; a philologist. 2. One who 

teaches grammar. 
GRAM'MAR-LESS, a. Destitute of grammar. 
GRAM-MAT'IC. a. Pertaining to grammar. — Milton. 
GRAM-MAT'IC-AL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to grammar, it 

According to the rules of grammar. 
GRAM-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. According to the principles 

and rules of grammar. 
GRAM-MATIC-AL-NESS, n. The state of being grammar 

ical. 
GRAM-MAT'IC-AS-TER, n. [L.] A low grammarian; a 

pretender to a knowledge of grammar; a pedant. 
GRAM-MAT'I-CIZE, v. t. To render grammatical. — Johnson. 
GRAM-MAT'I-ClZ£D, pp. Rendered grammatical. 
GRAM'MA TIST, n. A pretender to a knowledge of gram- 
mar. — H. Tooke. 
GRAM'MA-TlTE. See Trumolite. 
GRAM'PLE, n. A crab-fish. 
GRAM'PUS, n. [Fr. grampoise.] A large fish of the cetaceous 

order, and genus delphinus. It is very active and voracious. 

£»££;? *«-owi 

GRAN-A-DIL'LA, n. [Sp.] The fruit of a twining plant, the 
passifiora quadrangularis, which is sometimes as large as 
a child's head, and much esteemed as a dessert in tropi- 
cal countries. — P. Cyc. 

* GRAN'A-RY, n. [L. granarium.] A store-house or reposi- 
tory of grain after it is thrashed ; a corn-house. 

GRAN'ATE, n. Usually written garnet, which see'. 

GRAN'A-TlTE. Sec Grenatite. 

GRAND, a. [Fr.firand ; Sp. and Itgrande ; L. grandis.] 1. 
Great ; but mostly in a figurative sense ; illustrious ; high 
in power or dignity ; as, a grand lord. 2. Great ; splendid; 
magnificent; as, a grand design. 3. Great; principal* 
chief; as, grand adversary. 4. Conceived or expressed 
with great dignity ; as, a grand idea. 5. Old ; more ad- 
vanced ; as, grandfather, &c. ; and so to correspond with 
this, grandchild, &c. — Syn. Eminent; majestic; dignified; 
stately ; august ; pompous ; lofty ; elevated ; exalted ; 
sublime ; noble. 

GRAND-Ju'ROR, n. One of a grand jury. In Connecticut 
an informing officer. 

GRAND-Ju'RY, n. [grand and jury.] A jury whose d.itj 
is to examine into the grounds of accusation against of 
fenders, and, if they see just cause, then to find bills of in 
dictment against them, to be presented to the court. 

GRAND-NEPH'EW, n. The grandson of a brother or sister 

GRAND-SRIGN'IOR, n. The sovereign or sultan of Turkey 

GRAND-VIZ'lER (-vizh'yer), n. The chief minister of th 
Turkish Empire ; the same as vizier. 

GRAN'DAM, n. 1. Grandmother. 2. An old woman. 
Dry den. 

GRAND'CHiLD, n. A son's or daughter's child. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fcc, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— Fi R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



GRA 



461 



GRA 



GKAND-DAUGHTER (-daw'ter), n. The daughter of a son 

or daughter. 
GRAN-DEE', n. [Sp. grande.] A nobleman; a man of ele- 
vated rank or station. 
GRAN-DEE'SHIP, n. The rank or estate of a grandee. 
GRAND'EUR (grand'yur), n. [Fr.j 1. In a general sense, 
greatness ; that quality or combination of qualities in an 
object which elevates or expands the mind, and excites 
pleasurable ''motions in him 'who views or contemplates 
it. 2. Splendor of appearance ; state ; magnificence. 3. 
Elevation of thought, sentiment, or expression. 4. Ele- 
vation of mien, or air and deportment. — Syn. Majesty; 
sublimity ; stateliness ; augustness ; loftiness. 
* GRAN-DE VI-TY, n. Great age. 
t GRANDk'VOUS, a. Of great age. 
GRANDFATHER, 7i. A lather's or mother's father, 
t GRAN-D1F'J€. a. [L. grandis and facio.] Making great. 
GRAN-DIL'O-QUENCE, n. Lofty speaking. 
GRAN-DIL'O-QUENT, a. [L. graudiloquens.] Pompous ; 

bombastic. 
GRAN-DIL'O-QUOUS, a. [L. grandiloquus.] Speaking in 

a lofty style. 
GRAN'DI-NOUS, a. [L. grando.] Consisting of hail. 
\ GRAND'L-TY, n. Greatness; magnincence. — Camden. 
GRAND'LY, adv. In a lofty manner ; splendidly; sublimely. 
GRAND'MOTH-ER (-mufh-er), n. The mother of one's 

father or mother. 
GRAN D'NESS, n. Grandeur ; greatness with beauty ; mag- 
nificence. — Wollaston. 
GRAN D'NiECE (-nees), n. The granddaughter of a brother 

or sisten 
GRAND'SlRE, n. 1. A grandfather. — 2. In poetry and rhet- 
oric, any ancestor. — Dryden. 
GRAND'SoN (-sun), n. The son of a son or daughter. 
GRaNgE (granj), n. [Fr. grange.} A farm, with the build- 
ings, stables, &c. — Milton. 
GRA-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. granum and fero.] Bearing seeds 

like grains. — Humble. 
GRAN'I-FORM, a. Formed like grains of corn. — Loudon, 
t GRAN'I-LTTE, n. An aggregate rock, allied to granite, and 

composed of more than three ingredients. 
GRAN iTE, n. [Fr. granit.] In geology, an aggregate rock, 
composed of the minerals quartz, feldspar, and mica, or 
at least of two of them, confusedly crystallized together. 
Its most common colors are gray, grayish-white, and flesh- 
red. 
. GRAN'I-TEL, a. A rock composed of two different min- 
erals united, as in granite. 
3tRA-N1T'I€-AL, \a. 1. Pertaining to granite ; like granite ; 
GRA-N1TI€, 3 having the nature of granite. 2. Con- 
sisting of granite. 
GRA-NIT-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act or process of being 

formed into granite.— Humble. 
GRA-NIT'1-FORM, a. Resembling granite in structure or 

shape. — Humble. 
\ GRAN'I-TIN, n. An aggregate of three species of minerals, 

differing in some of its constituents from granite. 
GRAN'1-TOID, a. Resembling granite. 
GRA-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. granum and voro.] Eating grain ; 

feeding or subsisting on seeds. 
GRAN'NAM, £ 
GRAN'NY, ) 

GRANT, v. t. [Norm, granter.] 1. To admit as true what 
is not proved ; to allow ; to yield ; to concede. 2. To 
give ; to bestow or confer on without compensation, in 
answer to request. 3. To transfer the title of a thing to 
another, for a good or valuable consideration ; to convey 
by deed or writing ; to cede. 
GRANT, n. 1. The act of granting ; a bestowing or confer- 
ring. 2. The thing granted or bestowed. — 3. In law, a 
conveyance in writing, of such things as can not pass or 
be transferred by word only, as land, &c. 4. Concession ; 
admission of something as true. — Dryden 5. The thing 
conveyed by deed or patent. — Syn. Present; gift; boon; 
allowance ; stipend. 
GRANT'A-BLE, a. That may be granted or conveyed. 
GRANTED, pp. Admitted as true ; conceded; yielded; 

bestowed ; conveyed. 
GRANT-EE', 7i. The person to whom a conveyance is 

made. 
GRaNT'ER, n. In a general sense, one who grants. 
GRANTING, ppr. or a. Admitting; conceding ; bestowing ; 

conveying. 
* GRANT'OR, n. In law, the person who grants ; one who 

convt-ys lands, rents, &c. 
GRAN'U-LAR, )a. [from L. granum.] 1. Consisting of 
GRAN'O-LA-RY, $ grains. 2. Resembling grains. 
GRAN'U-LAR-LY, adv. In a granular manner. 
GRAN'U-LaTE, v. t. [Fr. granuler.) 1. To form into grains 
or small masses. 2. To raise into small asperities ; to 
make rough on the surface. 
GRAN'U-LaTE, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains. 
GRAN'U-LATE, a. 1. Having numerous small elevations 

DOVE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vf ciOUS^C a7 



for grandam, a grandmother. [Vulgar.] 



like shagreen. — Brande. 2. Consisting of or resrmbling 
grains. 
GRAN'U-La-TED. pp. 1. Formed into grains. 2. a. Con- 
sisting ofgrains ; having the form of grains. 
GRAN'U-La-TING, ppr. Forming into grains. 
GRAN-U-LA'T10N,?t. 1. The act of forming into grains. The 
gra7iulation of metals is effected by pouring them, when 
melted, into water, usually through a sieve. — 2. In surgery, 
a name of the little grain-like formations which arise in 
sores that are healing, and by which the destroyed parte 
are tilled up and the edges brought together. — Bran de. 
GRAN'ULE, 7i. [Sp. granillo, from L. granum.] A little 

grain ; a small particle. 
GRAN'U-LOUS, a. Full of grains ; abounding with granu. 

lar substances. 
GRaPE, 7i. [Fr. grappe de raisin.] 1. Properly, a cluster of 
the fruit of the vine ; but with us, a single berry of the 
vine ; the fruit from which wine is made. — 2. In the ma- 
7iege, grapes signifies mangy tumors on the legs of a horse. 
GRaPE'-Hy'A-CINTH, n. A beautiful bulbous flowering 

plant ; also, its flower. 
GRaPE'LESS, a. Wanting the strength and flavor of the 

grape. — Jenyns. 
GRaP'ER-Y, 7i. A building or inclosure used for the rear- 
ing of grapes. 
GRaPE'SHOT, n. A cluster of small shot, confined in u 

canvas bag, forming a kind of cylinder. 
GRaPE'STONE, 7i. The stone or seed of the grape. 
GRIPE'VlNE, n. The vine which yields the grnpe. 
GRAPH'IC, \a. [L. graphicus.] 1. Pertamiiiir to the art 
GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 of writing or delineating. 2. Well de- 
lineated. 3. Describing with accuracy. — Graphic granite, 
a variety of granite, composed of feldspar and quartz, so 
arranged as to bear a remote resemblance to Oriental 
characters. — Dana. 
GRAPH'I€-AL-LY, ado. With good delineation ; in a pic- 
turesque manner. — Brown. 
GRAPHTFE, n. [Gr. )0a<t>u).] Carburet of iron, a substance 

used for pencils, called black-lead or plumbago. 
GRAPH'O-LITE, ?*. A species of slate proper for writing on. 
GRAPH-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ya,x<t>6i and p&pojv.] A mathe- 
matical instrument, called also a semicircle, used for meas- 
uring the degrees in an angle. 
GRAPH-O-MET'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to or ascertained by 

a graph ometer. 
GRAP'NEL, In. [Fr. grappin.] A small anchor fitted with 
GRAP'LINE, 5 four or five flukes or claws, used to hold 

boats or small vessels. — Toiten. 
GRAP'PLE, v. t. [Goth, greipan.} 1. To seize ; to lay fast 
hold on, either with the hands or with hooks. 2. To fasten ; 
to fix, as the mind or heart ; [not in use.] 
GRAP'PLE, o. i. To seize ; to contend in close fight, a» 
wrestlers. Milton. — To grapple with, to contend with ; to 
struggle against with boldness. — Shah. 
GRAPTLE, n. 1. A seizing; close hug in contest; the 
wrestler's hold. 2. Close fight. 3. A hook or iron instru 
ment by which one ship fastens on another. 
GRAP'PL£D. pp. Seized ; laid fast hold on. 
GRAP'PLE-MENT, n. A grappling ; close fight or embrace 
GRAP'PLING, ppr. Laying fast hold on. 
GRAPTLING-I'RONS (-T'urnz), u. pi. Irons for grappling 

and holding fast a vessel. 
GRAP'TO-LlTE, n. [Gr. ypairros and )*i6us.} A fossil 
zoophyte, having the appearance of writing or sculpture, 
found in the silurian shales. — Brande. 
GRaP'Y, a. 1. Like grapes ; full of clusters of grapes. — Ad 

d.ison. 2. Made of grapes. — Gay. 
GRASP, v.t. [It. gra*pare.\ 1. To seize and hold by clasp- 
ing or embracing with the fingers or arms. 2. To catch , 
to seize ; to lay hold of ; to take possession of. 
GRASP, v. i. 1. To catch or seize ; to gripe. 2. To strug 
gle; to strive ; [obs.] 3. To encroach. Dryden. — To grasp 
at. to catch at ; to try to seize. 
GRASP, n. 1. The gripe or seizure of the hand. 2. Pos- 
session ; hold. 3. Reach of the arms ; and, figuratively, 
the power of seizins. 
GRaSP'A-BLE, a. That can be grasped. 
GRASPED (graspt), pp. Seized with the hands or arms ; 

embraced ; held ; possessed. 
GRASP'ER, n. One who grasps or seizes ; one who catches 

at ; one who holds. 
GRASP'ING, ppr. or a. Seizing ; embracing ; catching 

holding. 
GRASP'ING-LY, adv. In a grasping manner. 
GRASS, 7i. [Sax. gras, gars, or grctd; Goth, gras : G., D. 
gras.] 1. In annmon usage, herbage; the plants which 
constitute the food of cattle and other beasts. — 2. In 
botany, a plant having simple leaves, a stem generally 
jointed and tubular, a husky calyx, called glume, and the 
seed single. — Grass of Parnassus, an herb growing in wet 
ground, of the genus Pamaxs/a. 
GRASS, v. t. To cover with grass or with turf. 
GRASS, v. i. To breed grass ; to be covered with grass. 

K ; 6 as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis. t Obsolete?" 



GRA 



4G2 



GRA. 



GRaSS'-BLaDE, n. A blade of grass. 

GRAS-Sa'TION, n. [L. grassatio.] A wandering about. 
[LiUle used.] 

GRaSS'GREEN, a. 1. Green with grass. — Shenstone. 2. 
Dark-green, like the color of grass. 

GRaSS'GROWN, a. Overgrown with grass. 

GRaSS'HOP-PER, n. [grass and hop.] An insect that lives 
among grass, a species of gryllns. 

GRiSS'I-NESS, n. [from grassy.] The state of abounding 
with grass ; a grassy state. 

GRaSSTESS, a. Destitute of grass. 

GRaSS'PLOT, n. A level spot covered with grass. 

GRASS'POL-Y, n. A plant, a species of lythram. 

GRaSS'VETCH, n. A plant of the genus lathyrus. 

GRXSS'WRAGK (-rak), n. A plant the zostera. 

GRASS'Y, a. 1. Covered with grass ; abounding with grass. 
2. Resembling grass ; green. 

GRaTE, it. [It. grata.] 1. A work or frame, composed of 
parallel or cross bars, with interstices ; a kind of lattice- 
work, used for doors, windows, &c. 2. An instrument or 
frame of iron bars for holding coals used as fuel. 

GRaTE. v. t. To furnish with grates ; to make fast with 
cross bars. 

GRaTE, is t. [Fr. gratter.] 1. To rub, as a body with a 
rough surface against another body ; to rub one thing 
against another. 2. To wear away in small particles, by 
rubbing with any thing rough or indented. 3. To offend ; 
to fret ; to vex ; to irritate ; to mortify. 4. To make a 
har^h sound, by nabbing on the friction of rough bodies. 

GRaTE, v. i. 1. To rub hard, so as to offend ; to offend by 
oppression or importunity. 2. To make a harsh sound by 
the friction of rough bodies. 

t GRaTE, a. [L. gratus.] Agreeable. 

GRaT'ED, pp. or a, 1. Rubbed harshly ; worn off by rub- 
bing. 2. Furnished with a grate. 

GRaTE'FUL, a. [from L. gratus. See Grace.] 1. Having 
a due sense of benefits ; kindly disposed toward one from 
whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge 
and repay benefits ; as, a grateful son. 2. Awakening a 
pleasurable emotion ; as, a grateful reception. 3. Afford- 
ing pleasure to the senses ; as, a grateful odor. — Syn. 
Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; 
welcome; delightful; delicious. 

GRaTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With a due sense of benefits or 
favors ; in a manner that disposes to kindness, in return 
.for favors; thankfully. 2. In a pleasing manner. 

GRITE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being grateful; 
gratitude. 2. The quality of being agreeable or pleasant 
to the mind or to the taste. 

GRaT'ER, n. An instrument or utensil with a rough, in- 
dented surface, for rubbing off small particles of a body. 

GRA-TlC-tJ-L a'TION, n. The division of a design or draught 
into squares, for the purpose of reducing it to smaller di- 
mensions. —Gwilt. 

GRAT-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. gratification 1. The act of 
pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite. 2. 
That which affords pleasure or enjoyment ; satisfaction ; 
delight. _ 3. Reward ; recompense. — Morton. 

GRATl-FlUD, pp. or a. Pleased ; indulged according to de- 
sire. 

GRAT'I-Fl-ER, n. One who gratifies or pleases. 

GRATI-FY, v. t. [L. gratificor.] 1. To please; to give 
pleasure to ; to indulge. 2. To delight ; to please ; to hu- 
mor ; to soothe ; to satisfy ; to indulge to satisfaction. 3. 
To requite ; to recompense. 

GRATI-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Pleasing ; indulging to satisfaction. 
2._a. Giving pleasure ; affording satisfaction. 

GRaTTNG, ppr. 1. Rubbing; wearing off' in particles. 2. 
a._ Fretting; irritating; harsh. 

GRaT'ING, n. 1. A harsh sound or rubbing. 2. A partition 
of bars, or lattice-work of wood or iron ; a grate. 3. An 
open cover for the hatches of a ship, resembling lattice- 
work ; [usually in the plural.] 

GRaTTNG-LY, adv. Harshly; offensively ; in a manner to 
irritate. 

GRa'TIS, adv. [L.] For nothing; freely; without recom- 
pense. 

GRAT'I-TUDE, n. [L. gratitudo.] An emotion of the heart, 
excited by a favor or benefit received; a sentiment of 
kindness or good-will toward a benefactor ; thankfulness. 

GRA-Tu'1-TOUS, a. [L. gratuitus.] 1. Free ; voluntary ; 
not required by justice ; granted without claim or merit. 
2. Asserted or taken without proof. 

GRA-Tu'1-TOUS-LY, adv. 1. Freely; voluntarily, without 
claim or merit ; without an equivalent or compensation. 
2. Without proof. 

GRA-Tu'ITY, n. [Fr. gratuite.] 1. A free gift; a present; 
a donation ; that which is given without a compensation 
or equivalent. 2. Something given in return for a favor ; 
an acknowledgment. 

GRAT'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. gratulor.] 1. To express joy or 
pleasure to a person on account of his success, or the re- 
ception of some good; to salute with declarations of joy; 



to congratulate. 2. To wish or express joy to. 3. To de- 
clare joy for ; to mention with joy. [Congratulate is mo<* 
used.] 

GRAT'U La-TED, pp. Addressed with expressions of joy. 

GRATU-La-TING, ppr. Addressing with expressions of 
joy, on account of some good received. 

GRAT-H-La'TION, n. [L. gratulatio.] An address or ex 
pression of joy to a person, on account of some good re» 
ceived by Uim ; congratulation. 

GRATU-LA-TO-RY, n. [L. gratulatio.] An address or ex 
pression of joy to a person, on account of some good re- 
ceived by him ; congratulation. 

GRAT'H-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing gratulation ; congratu- 
latory. 

GRA-Va'MEN, n. [L.] In law, the grievance complained 
of; the substantial cause of the action. — Bouvier. 

GRaVE, a final syllable, is a grove, Sax. graf; or it is an 
officer, Ger. graf. 

GRaVE, v. t. ; pret. graved ; pp. graven, or graved. [Fr. 
graver; Sax. grafan.] 1. To carve or cut letters or fig- 
ures on stone or other hard substance with a chisel or 
edged tool ; to engrave. 2. To carve ; to form or shape 
by cutting with a chisel. 3. To clean a ship's bottom, and 
cover it with pitch. 4. To entomb. — Shak. ; [unusual.] 

GRaVE, v. i. To carve ; to write or delineate on hard sub- 
stances ; to practice engraving. 

GRaVE, n. [Sax. graf; G. grab.\ 1. The ditch, pit, or ex 
cavated place in which a dead human body is deposited , 
a place for the corpse of a human being ; a sepulchre. 2 
A tomb. 3. Any place where the dead are reposited ; a 
place of great slaughter or mortality. — 4. Figuratively, 
death or destruction. — 5. Graves, in the plural, sediment 
of tallow melted. — Brande. 

GRaVE, a. [Fr., Sp., It. grave.] 1. In music, low; depressed; 
opposed to sharp, acute, or high. 2. Having a character 
of seriousness and sobriety ; opposed to gay, light, or 
jovial. 3. Plain ; not gay ; not showy or tawdry. 4. Being 
of weight ; of a serious character ; as, a grave perform- 
ance. — 5. Being of importance or moment ; as, gravi 
reasons. — Syn. Solemn ; sober ; serious ; sage ; staid , 
demure ; thoughtful ; sedate ; weighty ; momentous ; im- 
portant. 

GRa VE'-€LOD, n. Clod of a grave. 

GRaVE'-CLoTHES, n. pi. The clothes or dress in which 
the dead are interred. 

GRaVE'-DIG-GER, n. One whose occupation is to dig 
graves. 

GRaVE'-LOOK-ING, a. Appearing grave. 

GRaVE'-MaK-ER, n. A grave-digger.— -Shah. 

GRaVE'-ROB-BER, n. One who robs a grave. 

GRaVE'-ROB-BING, n. A robbing of the grave. 

GRaVE'-SToNE, n. A stone laid over a grave, or erected 
near it, as a monument. 

GRaVE'-YaRD, ii. A place set apart for the burial of the 
dead ; a burying-ground. 

GRa VED, pp. Carved ; engraved ; cleaned, as a ship. 

GRAVEL, n. [Fr. gravelle.] 1. Small stones or fragments 
of stone, or very small pebbles, larger than the particles 
of sand, but often intermixed with them. — 2. In medicine, 
a disease produced by small calculous concretions in the 
kidneys and bladder. 

GRAVEL, v. t. 1. To cover with gravel. 2. To stick in the 
sand. — Camden. 3. To puzzle ; to stop ; to embarrass. — 
Prior. 4. To hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged 
under the shde. 

GRAVEL-WALK (-wawk), n. A walk or alley covered 
with gravel, which makes a hard and dry bottom. 

GRAVELED, pp. or a. Covered with gravel ; stopped ; 
embarrassed ; injured by gravel. 

GRaVE'LESS, a. Without a grave ; unburied. 

GRAVEL-1NG, ppr. Covering with gravel ; embarrassing; 
hurting the feet, as of a horse. 

GRAVEL-1NG, n. The act of covering with gravel. 

GRAVEL-LY, a. Abounding with gravel ; consisting of 
gravel. 

GRaVE'LY, adv. 1. In a grave, solemn manner; soberly; 
seriously. 2. Without gaudiness or show. 

GRa-VE-MEN'TE. [It.] In a grave or weighty manner. 
See Grave. 

GRaVE'NESS, n. Seriousness; solemnity; sobriety of be- 
havior ; gravity of manners or discourse. 

GRa'VE-O-LENCE. ii. [L. gravis and oleo.] A strong and 
offensive smeH. 

GRa'VE-O-LENT, a. Having a strong odor. 

GRaV'ER, n. 1. One who carves or engraves, a sculptor 
2. An engraving-tool ; an instrument for graving. 

GRAVID, a. [L. gravidus.] Pregnant; being with child. 

t GRAVID- A-TED, a. Made pregnant ; big.— Barrow. 

t GRAV-ID-a'TION, n. Pregnancy.— Pearson. 

GRA-VID'I-TY, n. Pregnancy.— Arbv.thnot. 

GRA-VIM'E-TER, n. [L.gravis, and Gr. ^irpnv.] An instru 
nient for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies, solid 
or liquid. 



* -See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, la ng.—A, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;,-MoVE, BOOK, 



GR! 



4G3 



GRE 



DRIVING, ppr. Engraving ; carving; cutting figures on 

stone, copper, s other hard substance. 
GRAVING, v. 1. The act of cutting figures in hard sub- 
stances. 2. Carved work. 3. The act of cleaning a ship's 
bottom. — 4. Figuratively, impression, as on the heart. 
GRAY I-TaTE, v. i. [Fr. graviter.) To be attracted, as 
when one body tends toward another, according to the 
law of "ravitation. 
GRA V'I-Ta-TING, ppr. or a. Being attracted, or tending to- 
ward another body, according to the law of gravitation. 
GRAV-I-Ta'TION, re. 1. The act of tending to the center, 
or of being drawn toward something — 2. In natural phi- 
losophy, the tendency of all matter in the universe toward 
all other matter. Every portion of matter attracts and is 
attracted directly as its quantity of matter, and inverse^ 
as the square of its distance from the attracting body. — 
Olmsted. 
GRAVITY, n. [Fr. gravite.] 1. Weight ; heaviness.— 2. In 
natural philosophy, the tendency of a mass of matter to- 
ward its central body ; particularly, the tendency of a 
body toward the center of the earth : terrestrial gravita- 
tion. Weight is the measure of gravity. Olmsted. — 3. 
Specific gravity, the weight of a body compared with an- 
other of equal bulk, taken as a standard. Water is the 
standard for solids and liquids ; common air for gases. 4. 
Seriousness ; sobriety of manners ; solemnity of deport- 
ment or character. 5. Weight ; enormity ; atroeiousness ; 
[not used.] — 6. In music, lowness of sound. 
GRa'V Y, v. The fat and otlier liquid matter that drips from 
flesh in roasting, or when roasted or baked. 

GRaY, a. [Sax. grig, grag ; G. grau.] 1. White, with a 
mixture of black. 2. White ; hoary. 3. Dark; of a mixed 
color; of the color of ashes. 4. Old; mature. 

GRaY, n. 1. A gray color. 2. An animal of a gray color, 
as a horse, a badger, and a kind of salmon. — Smart. 

GRaY'-BkARD, n. An old man.— Shak. 

GRaY'-EyET) (-Ide), a. Having Gray eyes. 

GRaY'-FI.Y, n. The trumpet-flyr— Milton. 

GRaY'-HaIRED, a. Having gray hair. 

GRaY'-Hf. AD-ED, a. Having a gray head or gray hah - . 

GRaY'-HOUND, n. [Sax.grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, used 
in the chase. Sen Greyhound. 

GRaY MaRE. " The gray mare is the better horse," said 
of a woman who rides her husband. — Grose. 

GRaY'-SToNE, re. A grayish or greenish compact rock, 
composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt. — 
Da u a. 

GRa Y'ISH, a. Somewhat gray ; gray in a moderate degree. 

GRaY'LING, n. A fish of the genus salmo, resembling the 
trout in shape, and much esteemed for its flavor. 

GRaVNESS, re. The quality of being gray. — Sherwood. 

GRaY'WA€KE, n. [G. grauwacke.] "in geology, the name 
of certain hard sandstones, or grit rocks, and the associate 
strata, occurring below the coal formations. — Dana. 

GRaZE. v. t. [SuK.grasian , G. grasen.] 1. To rub or touch 
lightly in passing; to brush lightly the surface of a thing 
in passing. 2. To feed or supply cattle with grass ; to fur- 
nish pasture for. 3. To feed on ; to eat from the ground, 
as_ growing herbage. 4. To tend grazing cattle. 

GRaZE. v. i. 1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage. 
2._To supply grass. 3. To move on devouring. 

GRaZjED, pp. 1. Touched lightly by a passing body ; brush- 
ed. 2. Fed by growing grass. 3. Eaten, as growing herbage. 

GRaZ'ER, n. One that grazes or feeds on growing heibage. 

GRa'ZIER. (gra'zhur), n. One who pastures cattle, and who 
rears them for market. 

GRAZING, ppr. 1. Touching lightly. 2. Feeding on grow- 
ing herbage 3. a. Supplying pasture. 

GRAZING, re A pasture. 

GRA-Z 1-6' SO (grat-se-6'so). [It] In music, graceful, smooth, 
and elegant. 

GREASE, tz. [Fr. graisse.] 1. Animal fat in a soft state ; 
oily or unctuous matter of any kind, as tallow, lard. 2. 
An inflammation of the heels of a horse, which suspends 
the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and produces 
dryness and scurfiness. 

GReASE (greez), v. t. 1. To smear, anoint, or daub with 
grease or fat. 2. To bribe ; to corrupt with presents.— 
Dryden ; [inelegant.] 

GReAS£D, pp. Smeared with oily matter; bribed. 

GReAS'I-LY, adv. With grease or an appearance of it; 
grossly. 

GReAS'I-NESS, re. The state of being greasy ; oiliness ; 
ur. crn ousness. — Boyle. 

IReAS'ING, ppr. Smearing with fat or oily matter ; bribing. 

JReAS'Y (greez'y), a. 1. Oily; fat; unctuous. 2. Smeared 

or defiled with grease. 3. Like grease or oil ; smooth. 4. 

Fat of body ; bulky ; [little used.] 5. Gross ; indelicate ; 

\ndecent. — Marston. 

ft IEaT, a. [Sax. great; D.groot; G. gross.] 1. Large in 
bulk or dimensions ; big. 2. Being of extended length or 
breadth. 3. Large in number. 4. Expressing^ large, ex- 
tensive, or unusual degree of any thing. 5. Long-contin- 



ued. 6. Important ; weighty ; momentous. 7. Chief , 
principal; as, the great reason. 8. Chief ; of vast power 
and excellence ; supreme ; illustrious. 9. Vast . exten- 
sive ; wonderful ; admirable. 10. Possessing large or 
strong powers of mind. 11. Having made extensive or 
unusual acquisitions of science or knowledge. 12. Dis- 
tinguished by rank, office, or power ; elevated ; eminent 
13. Dignified in aspect, mien, or manner. — Dryden. 14. 
Magnanimous ; generous ; of elevated sentiments ; high- 
minded. 15. Rich; sumptuous; magnificent. l(i. Vast; 
sublime. 17. Dignified ; noble. 18. Swelling ; proud. 19 
Chief ; principal ; much traveled ; as, the great routes 
20. Pregnant; teeming. 21. Hard; difficult. 22. Familiar, 
intimate; [vulgar.] 23. Distinguished by extraordinary 
events, or unusual importance. 24. Distant by one more 
generation, in the ascending or descending line ; as, great 
grandfather, &c. 25. Superior ; pre-eminent 
GREAT, n. 1. The whole; the gross; the lump or mass. 

2. People of rank or distinction. 
GREaT-BEL-LI£D, a. Pregnant; teeming— Shak. 
GREaT'-€(1AT, n. An over-coat. 
GREaT'-€oAT-ED, a. Wearing a great-coat. 
GREaT-HEaRTED, a. High-spirited; undejected; nobro. 
GREaT-SeAL. n. The principal seal of a kingdom, state, <fec 
t GRE AT' EN, v. t. To enlarge.— Raleigh. 

t GREaT'£N, v. i. To increase ; to become large. — South. 

GREaT'LY, adv. 1. In a great degree; much." 2. Nobly, 
illustriously. 3. Magnanimously ; generously ; bravely. 

GREATNESS, re. 1. Largeness of bulk, dimensions, num- 
ber, or quantity ; magnitude. 2. Large amount ; extent 

3. High degree. 4. High rank or place ; elevation ; dig- 
nity; distinction; eminence; power; command. 5. Swell- 
ing pride ; affected state. 6. Magnanimity ; elevation of 
sentiment ; nobleness. 7. Strength or extent of intellec- 
tual faculties. 8. Large extent or variety. 9. Grandeur ; 
pomp ; magnificence. 10. Force ; intensity. 

GReAVE, for grove and groove. — Spenser. See Gkove and 

Groove. 
GReAVES (greevz), n.pl. [Port., Sp. grevas.] 1. Armor 

for the legs ; a sort of boots. — 2. Greaves or graves, the 

sediment of melted tallow. — Brande. 
GReBE, v. A web-footed bird with short wings, and very 

expert at diving. 
GRe'CIAN (gre'shan), a. Pertaining to Greece. 
GRe'CIAN. n. 1. A native of Greece. Also, a Jew who un- 
derstood Greek. 2. One well versed in the Greek language. 
GRk'CIAN-FiRE, n. [Fv.feu Greceois.] Wildfire; such aa 

will Durnwithin water. See Greek-fire. 
GRe'CIAN-IZE, v. i. [Fr. Grecanizer.] To speak Greek. 
GRe'CISM, n. [L. Gracismus.] An idiom of the Greek Ian 

guage. — Addison. 
GRe'CiZE, v. t. 1. To render Grecian. 2. To translate into 

Greek. 
GKe'CiZE. v. i. To speak the Greek language 
GRF.'ClZED, pp. Rendered Greek. 
GRe'CiZ-ING, ppr. Rendering Greek, 
t GREE, n. [Fr. gre.] 1. Good- will. — Spenser. 2. Step or 

stair ; rank ; degree. — Spenser. See Degree. 
tGREE, v. i. To "agree. See Agree. 
t GREECE, n. [plural oi'gree, a step.] A flight of steps, 
t GREED, re. Greediness.— Graham. 
GREED'I-LY, adv. 1. With a keen appetite for food or 

drink ; voraciously ; ravenously. 2. With keen or ardenl 

desire ; eagerly. 
GREED'I-NESS, re. 1. Keenness of appetite for food or 

drink. 2. Ardent desire. — Syn. Ravenousness ; voracity : 

eagerness ; avidity. 
GREED'Y, a. [Sax. gradig.] 1. Having a keen appetite for 

food or drink ; ravenous ; voracious ; very hungry. 2, 

Having a keen desire of any thing; eager to obtain. 
GREEDT-GUT, re. A glutton ; a devourer ; a belly-god^— 

Todd. [Vulgar.] 
GREEK, a. Pertaining to Greece. 
GREEK, re. 1. A native of Greece. 2. The language of 

Greece. 
GREEK'-FlRE, re. A combustible composition which burns 

under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be 

asphalt, with nitre and sulphur. 
GREEK'-RoSE, re. The flower campion. 
GREEK'ESS, re. A female of Greece. 
GREEK'ISH, a. Peculiar to Greece.— Milton. 
GREEK'LING, re. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or 

pretensions. — Ben Jonson. — Rich. Diet. 
GR.EEN, a. [Sax. grenc] 1. Being of the color of herbage 

and plants when growing, a color composed of blue and 

yellow rays ; verdant. 2. New ; fresh ; recent. — Burke, 

3. Fi-esh ; "flourishing ; undecayed : as, a green old age.— 

Dryden. 4. Containing its natural juices ; not dry : nol 

seasoned. 5. Not roasted; half raw. — Watts. 6. Unripe; 

immature ; not arrived to perfection. 7. Immature in 

age; young; inexperienced; raw. 8. Pale: sickly; wan; 

of a greenish pale color. Shak. — In cookery, a goose ia 

said to be green Until it is four months old. 



DtWE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.- f> as K ; 6 as J S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolet* 



ORE 



464 



GRI 



3REEN, n. I . The color of growing plants ; a color com- 
posed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different 
proportions, exhibit a variety of shades. 2. A grassy plain 
or plat ; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage. 
3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants ; 
wreaths ; [mostly in the plural. \ 4. The leaves and stems 
of young plants, used in cookery, or dressed for food in 
the spring; [in the plural.] 

GREEN, v. t. To make green. — Thomson. 

GREEN'-BROOM, l M , A , . ,., 

ORE EN'-WEED, } n ' A plant ot the £ enus £ enista - 

GREEN'-CLOTH, n. A board or court of justice held in 
the counting-house of the British king's household, having 
cognizance of all matters of justice in the king's house- 
hold. 

GREEN'-€6L-ORED (-kullurd), a. Pale; sickly.— Tour- 
neur. 

GREEN'-€ROP, n. A crop of green vegetables, such as ar- 
tificial grasses, turnips, <fcc, consumed on a farm in their 
unripe state. 

GREEN'-eARTH, n. A species of earth or mineral, so 
called; the mountain green of artists. — Ure. 

GREEN'-EYED (-ide), a. Having green eyes.— Shah. 

GREFN'-FINCH, n. A singing-bfrd, the green grossbeak. 

GREEN'-FISH, n. A fish so called. — Ainswurth. 

GREEN'-GagE, n. A species of plum. 

GREEN'-GRo-CER, n. A retailer of vegetables or fruit in 
their fresh or green state. 

GREEN'-HaIRED, a. Having green locks or hair. 

GREFN'-HAND, n. One who is raw and inexperienced. — 
Holloway. 

GREFN'-HORN, n. A raw youth.— W. Irving. 

GREFN'-HOUSE, n. A house in which tender plants are 
sheltered from the weather, and preserved green during 
the winter or cold weather. 

GREEN'-MAN-TLED a. Covered with green. 

GREEN'-SAND, n. A term applied to beds of sand, sand- 
stone, and limestone, belonging to the Cretaceous Period ; 
so called because green earth or chlorite is ordinarily 
scattered throughout the sandstone, limestone, &c. — Lyell. 

GREFN'-ROOM, n. A room, near the stage, to which ac- 
tors retire during the interval of their parts in the play. 

GREFN'-SICK-NFSS, n. The chlorosis, a disease of fe- 
males, characterized by paleness, languor, depraved appe- 
tite, and indigestion. 

GREEN'-SICK-NESSED (-sik'nest), a. Having a sickly 
taste.— Bishop Handle. 

GREFN'-SNaKE, n. A name of two small species of snakes 
in the United States, of a green color, and not poisonous. 

GREEN-STALL, n. A stall on which greens are exposed 
to sale. 

GREEN'-STONE, n. A rock of the trap formation, com- 
posed of hornblende and feldspar. — Lyell. 

GREEN'-SWARD, n. Turf green with grass. 

GREEN'- VITRI-OL, n. A popular name of the sulphate of 
iron. 

GREEN'- WEED, n. Dyer's weed. 

GREEN'-WOOD, n. A wood when green, as in summer. 

GREEN'-WOOD, a. Pertaining to a green wood. 

GREENED, pp. Made green. 

GREEN'FR-Y, n. Green plants ; verdure. 

GREEN'HOOD, n. A state of greenness.— Chaucer. 

GREENING, n. A well-known sort of apple. 

GREEN'ISH, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green. 
— Newton. 

GREEN'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being greenish. 

GREEN'LY, adv. With a green color ; newly; freshly ; im- 
maturely. 

GREEN'LY, a. Of a green color. — Gascoigne. 

GREEN'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being green; viridity. 

2. Immaturity ; unripeness ; [either literal or figurative.) 

3. Freshness ; vigor. 4. Newness. 
GREEN'OCK-lTE, v.. [from Lord Greenock.] A native sul- 

phuret of cadmium. 

GREENS, n. pi. The leaves of various plants, as spinach, 
&c, boiled in their green state for food. — Encyc. of Dom. 
Econ. See Green. 

GREET, v. t. [Sax. gretan, grettan.) 1. To address with 
expressions of kind wishes ; to salute in kindness and 
respect. 2. To address at meeting; to address in any 
manner. 3. To congratulate. 4. To pay compliments at 
a distance ; to send kind wishes to. 5. To meet and ad- 
dress with kindness ; or to express kind wishes, accom- 
panied with an embrace. 6. To meet. 

GREET, v. i. 1. Literally, to cry out ; to meet and salute. 
2. To weep ; written by Spenser greit ; [obs.] 

GREETED, pp. Addressed with kind wishes ; compli- 
mented. 

GREET'ER, n. One who greets. 

GREETING, ppr. Addressing with kind wishes or expres- 
sions of joy; complimenting; congratulating; saluting. 

GREETING, n. Expression of kindness or joy ; salutation 
at meeting; compliment addressed from one absent. 



[L. grcssus.] A step, or flight of steps. Set 



* See. Synopsis. A, E. I. &c., long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD •- -M6 



t GREEZE, 
Greece. 

GREFFI-ER, n. [Fr.] A registrar, or recorder. 

GRe'GAL, a. [L. grex.) Pertaining to a flock. 

GRF-Ga'RI-AN, a. Belonging to the herd nr crowd. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS. a. [L.gregarius.] Having the habit of a» 
sembling or living in a flock or herd ; not habitually soli- 
tary or living alone. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a flock ?r herd ; in a company. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The slate or quality of living in 
flocks or herds. 

GRE-Go'RI-AN, a. Denoting what belongs to Gregory.- 
Gregorian calendar, the regulation of the year according 
to the reformation introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. in 
1582. — The Gi-egorian year, is the year as now reckoned 
according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, 
divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100, and not by 
400, has 366 days ; all other years have 365 days. — Grego- 
rian telescope, a common form of the reflecting telescope, 
so named from its inventor, Prof. James Gregory, of the 
University of Edinburgh. 

GRE-Go'RI-AN CHANT, n. Choral music according to eight 
churchmodes, arranged by Pope Gregory I.— Porter. 

GREG'GoE, n. A short jacket. 

tGREIT,®, i. [Goth greitan.] To lament.— Spen ser. 

t GRkITH, v. t. [Sax. ger&dian.) To make ready. 

tGRKlTH, n. Goods; furniture.— Chaucer. 

GRk'MI-AL, a. [L.gremium.] Belonging to the lap or bosonx 
— Diet. 

GRE-NaDE', n. [Sp. granada ; Fr. grenade.] In the art of 
war, a small bomb-shell, which is to be fired by means of 
a fusee, and thrown by hand among enemies. 

GREN-A-DIeR', n. [from Fr. grenade^ 1. A foot soldier, 
wearing a high cap (formerly one who threw grenades). 

2. A fowl found in Angola, in Africa. 

GRE-N ATI-FORM, a. Being in the form of grenatite — Gibba. 

GREN'A-TlTF, n. Staurotide or staurolite, a mineral. 

GRFS-SO'RI-AL, a. In ornithology, having three toes of 
the feet forward, two of them connected, and one behind. 

GREW, prct. of grow. 

GREY. -See Gray. 

GREYHOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, kept 
for the chase. 

GRlCE, 74. 1. A little pig. 2. A flight of steps. SeeGREECK. 

GRID'DLE, n. [W. greidell.) A pan, broad and shallow, foi 
baking cakes. 

GRlDE, v. t. [It. gridare.] To grate, or to cut with a grat 
ing sound ; to cut ; to penetrate or pierce harshly. 

GRID'E-LIN, n. [Fr. gris de lin.] A color mixed of whit« 
and red, or a gray violet, like the color of flax. 

GRTD'iNG, ppr. Grating; cutting with a grating sound. 

GRID'I-RON (grid'i-urn), n. [W. grcdiaw^) A grated utec 
sil for broiling flesh and fish over coals. 

GRID'i-RON-PEND'U-LUM, n. See Pendulum. 

GRIeF, n. [D. grief; Fr. grief] 1. The pain of mind pro 
duced by loss, misfortune, injury, or evils of any kind 
sorrow ; regret. 2. The pain of mind occasioned by oui 
own misconduct ; sorrow or regret that we have don» 
wrong; pain accompanying repentance. 3. Cause of sor 
row ; that which afliicts ; affliction ; trouble. 

GRIeF'-IM-BITTERED, a. Imbittered by grief. 

GRIeF'-SHOT, a. Pierced with grief— Shah. 

GRIeF'FUL, a. Full of grief or sorrow.— Sackville. 

GRIeFLESS, a. Sorrowless ; without grief. — Huloet. 

t GRIeV'A-BLE, a. Lamentable.— Gower. 

GRIEVANCE, n. That which causes grief or uneasiness 
that which burdens, oppresses, or injures, implying a sens« 
of wrong done. — Syn. Burden ; oppression ; hardship 
trouble. 

GRIeVE, v. t. [D.grieven.] 1. To give pain of mind to ; to 
afflict ; to wound the feelings. 2. To afflict ; to inflict pail 
on. 3. To make sorrowful ; to excite regret in. 4. Tc 
ofiend ; to displease ; to provoke. 

GRIEVE, v. i. To feel pain of mind or heart ; to be in pahi 
onaccount of an evil ; to sorrow; to mourn ; to lament 

GRIeVED, pp. or a. Pained ; afflicted ; suffering sorrow 

GRIeV'ER, n. He or that which grieves. 

GRIEVING, ppr. or a. 1. Giving pain ; afflicting. 2. Sor 
rowing; exercised with grief ; mourning. 

GRIkVTNG-LY, adv. In sorrow ; sorrowfully. 

GRIEVOUS, «. 1. Heavy; oppressive; burdensome. 3 
Afflictive ; painful ; hard to be borne. 3. Causing grief oj 
sorrow. 4. Distressing, as a famine. 5. Great ; atrocious, 
as an offense. 6. Expressing great uneasiness. 7. Pro 
voking ; offensive ; tending to irritate. 8. Hurtful ; de 
structive ; causing mischief. 

GRIeVOUS-LY, adv. 1. With pain ; painfully; with greal 
pain or distress. 2. With discontent, ill-will, or grief. 3 
Calamitously; miserably; greatly; with great uneasiness, 
distress, or grief. 4. Atrociously. 

GRIe VOUS-NESS, 11. 1. Oppressiveness ; weight that givet 
pain or distress. 2. Pain ; affliction ; calamity ; distress 

3. Greatness ; enormity ; atrociousness. 

" 'eTbT^pk 



GR1 



465 



GRO 



QRIFT1N, )n. [Fr. griffon.] In the natural history of the 

v^RIF'FON, 3 ancients, an imaginary animal said to be gen- 
erated between the lion and eagle. It is represented with 
four legs, wings, and a beak, the upper part resembling an 
eagle, and the lower part a lion. 

GRIF'FIN-LlKE, a. Resembling a griffin. 

GRIG, n. 1. A small eel ; the sand eel. 2. A merry crea- 
ture ; from lively motions like those of the eel. 3. Health ; 
labs.] 

GRILL, v. t. [Fr. griller.] 1. To broil. 2. To torment, as if 
by broiling. 

\ GRILL, a. Causing terror, or shaking with cold. — Chaucer. 

GRIL-LaDE', n. Any thing broiled on the gridiron. 

GRIL'LAgE, n. A name given to the sleepers and cross- 
beams on which some erections are carried up, as piers 
in marshy soils, &c. — Buchanan. 

GRILLED, pp. or a. Broiled ; tormented. 

GRILLING, ppr. Broiling; tormenting. 

t GRIL'LY, v. t. To harass.— Hudibras. 

GRIM, a. [Sax. grim.] 1. Impressing terror ; adapted to 
create alarm. 2. Ugly; ill-looking.— Syn. Fierce; fero- 
cious ; furious ; horrid ; horrible ; frightful ; ghastly ; gris- 
ly ; hideous ; stern ; sullen ; sour : surly. 

GB.IM-FaC.EI) (-faste), a. Having a stern countenance. 

GRIM'-GRIN-NING, a. Grinning with a fierce countenance. 

GRIM'-V1S-A6ED (-viz-ajd), a. Grim-faced. 

GRI-MaCE', n. [Fr.] 1. A distortion of the countenance, 
fromhabit, affectation, or insolence. 2. An air of affectation. 

GRI-MaCED' (gre-maste'), a. Distorted; having a crabbed 
look. 

GRI-MAL'KIN, n. The name of an old cat. 

GRIME, n. [Ice.gryma.] Foulmatter; dirt ; sullying black- 
ness, deeply insinuated. 

GRlME. v. t. To sully or soil deeply ; to dirt. — Shak. 

GRIM'LY, a. Having a hideous or stern look. — Beaumont 
and Fletclier. 

GRIM'LY, adv. 1. Fiercely; ferociously; with a look of 
fury or ferocity. 2. Sourly ; sullenly. 

GRIM'NESS, n. Fierceness of look ; sternness ; crabbed- 
ness. 

GRl'MY, a. Full of grime ; foul. 

GRIN, v. i. [Sax. grinnian.] 1. To set the teeth together 
and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the 
lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter or 
scorn. 2. To fix the teeth, as in anguish. 

GRIN, n. The act of closing the teeth and showing them, 
oi of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth. 
GRIN, to. A snare or trap. — Chaucer. 

GRIN, v. t. To express by grinning. — Milton. 

GRIND, v. I. ; pret. and pp. ground. [Sax. grindan.] 1. To 
break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction ; 
to comminute by attrition ; to triturate. 2. To "break and 
reduce to small pieces by the teeth. 3. To sharpen by 
rubbing or friction ; to wear off the substance of a metal- 
lic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge by the fric- 
tion of a stone. 4. To make smooth ; to polish by fric- 
tion, as glass. 5. To rub one against another. 6. To op- 
press by severe exactions ; to afflict cruelly ; to harass. 
7._ To crush in pieces ; to ruin. 8. To grate. 

GRlND, v. i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding ; to 
move a mill. 2. To be moved or nibbed together, as in 
the operation of grinding. 3. To be ground or puiv prized 
by friction. 4. To be polished and made smooth by fric- 
tion. 5. To be sharpened by grinding. 

GRlND'ER, n. 1. One who grinds or moves a mill. 2. The 
instrument of grinding. 3. A tooth that grinds or chews 
food ; a double tooth ; a jaw -tooth. 4. The teeth in general. 

GRINDING, ppr. or a. 1. Reducing to powder by friction ; 
triturating ; levigating ; chewing. 2. Making sharp ; mak- 
ing smooth or polishing by friction. 3. Oppressing. 

GRINDING, n. The act of reducing to powder ; sharpen- 
ing or polishing ; oppressing. 

\ GRIN'DLE-SToNE. The same as grindstone. 

GRlND'SToNE, n. A flat, circular stone, used for grinding 
or sharpening tools. 

GRIN'NER, n. One who grins. — Addison. 

GRIN'NING, ppr. or a. Closing the teeth and showing them, 
as in laughter ; showing of the teeth. 

GRIN'NING-LY, adv. With a grinning laugh. 

f GRIP, n. The griffin.- Shak. 

GRIP, n. [Dan. greb.] A grasp; a holding fast [Obs. or 
vulgar.] 

GRIP, n. [D. grocp.] A small ditch or furrow. 

t GRIP, v. t. To trench ; to drain. 

GRlPE, v. t. [Sax. gripan ; Goth, greipan.] 1. To seize; 
to grasp ; to catch with the hand and to clasp closely with 
the fingers. 2. To hold fast; to hold with the fingers 
closelypressed ; to squeeze. 3. To seize and hold fast in 
the arms ; to embrace closely. 4. To close the fingers ; to 
clutch.-- Pope. 5. To pinch; to press; to compress. 6. 
To give pain to the bowels. 7. To pinch ; to straiten ; to 
distress. 

GRlPE, v. i. 1. To seize or catch by pinching ; to get mon- 



ey by hard bargains or mean exactions. 2. To feel the 
colic. 3. To bring her head too close to the wind, as a ship. 

GRlPE, n. 1. Grasp ; seizure ; fast hold with the nand or 
paw, or with the arms. 2. Squeeze ; pressure. 3. Op- 
pression ; cruel exactions. 4. Affliction ; pinching dis- 
tress ; as, the gripe of poverty. 5. A lever which can be 
pressed upon a wheel to retard or stop its motion. — 6. Id 
seamen's language, the fore-foot or piece of timber which 
terminates the keel at the fore-end. — 7. Gripes, in the plu- 
ral, distress of the bowels, such as accompanies a lax. — 8. 
Gripes, in seamen's language, an assemblage of ropes, dead 
eyes, and hooks, fastened to ring-bolts in the deck to se 
cure the boats. 

GRlPE'FUL, a. Disposed to gripe. 

GRlP'ER, n. One who gripes; an oppressor; an extur 
tioner. 

GRIPING, ppr. or a. Grasping ; seizing ; holding fast ; pinch 
ing ; oppressing ; distressing the bowels. 

GR.IPTNG, n. 1. A pinching or grasp ; a peculiar pain of 
the intestines, as in a lax or colic. — 2. In seamen's lan- 
guage, the inclination of a ship to run to the windward of 
her course. 

GRIP'ING-LY, adv. With a peculiar pain in the bowels. 

t GPJP'PLE, a. 1. Griping ; greedy ; covetous ; unfeeling. 
— Spenser. 2. Grasping fast ; tenacious. — Spenser. 

t GRIPTLE-NESS, n. Covetousness.— Bp. Hall. 

tGRIS, 72. [Fr. gris, gray.] A kind of fur. — Chaucer. 

t GRIS'AM-BER. Used by Milton for ambergris. 

t GRlSE, n. [L. gressus. See Gbeece.] 1. A step, or scale 
of steps. — Shah. 2. A swine. 

t GRI-SETTE' (gre-zef), n. [Fr.] A tradesman's wife or 
daughter. — Sterne. 

f GRIS'KIN, n. The spine of a hog. 

GRIS'LI-NESS.to. Quality of being grisly or horrible.— 
Sidney. 

GRIS'LY (grizle), a. [Sax. grislic] Frightful; horrible; 
terrible.— Dryaen. Grisly bear. See Gbizzly. 

GRl'SON, n. A South American animal of the glutton kind, 
a little larger than a weasel. —Partington. 

GRJ'SONS (gre'zunz), n.pl. Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss 
Alps. 

GRIST, n. [Sax. grist.] 1. Corn for grinding, or that w aich 
is ground at one time ; as much grain as is carried to the 
mill at one time, or the meal it produces. 2. Supply ; pro- 
vision. 3. Profit ; gain ; as in the phrase, it brings grist to 
the mill. 

GRIST-MILL, n. A mill for grinding grain. 

GRIS'TLE (grisl), n. [Sax. gristle.] A cartilage ; a smooth, 
solid, elastic substance in animal bodies. 

GRISTLY (grisly), a. Consisting of gristle ; like gristle ; 
f artilaginous. — Ray. 

GRIT, n. [Sax.greot, or gryt, grytta.] 1. The coarse part 
of meal. 2. Oats hulled or coarsely ground ; written, also, 
groats. 3. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles. 4. A 
hard sandstone ; stone composed of particles of 6and ag- 
glutinated. 

GRIT-ROCK, j &GhtNo4 

GRIT-STONE. S trEIT ' "°- 4 * 

t GRITH, n. Agreement.— Chaucer. 

GRIT'TI-NESS, n. Tae quality of containing grit, or con 
sisting of grit, sand, or small, hard, rough particles of stone 

GRITTY, a~. Containing sand or grit ; consisting of grit , 
full of hard ^articles ; sandy. 

GRIZ'E-LIN. See Gridelin. 

GPJZ'ZLE, n. [Fr., Sp., Port, gris.] Gray ; a gray color ; a 
mixture of white and black. — Shak. 
I GRIZ'ZL£D, a. Gray ; of a mixed color. 

GRIZ'ZLY, a. Somewhat gray. Grizzly bear, a large and 
ferocious bear of western North America. 

GR.OAN, v. i. [Sax. granian, grunan.] 1. To breathe with 
a deep murmuring sound ; to utter a mournful voice, as 
in pain or sorrow ; to moan. 2. To sigh ; to be oppressed 
or afflicted ; or to complain of oppression. 

GROAN, n. 1. A deep, mournful sound, uttered in pain, sor- 
row, or anguish. 2. Any low, rumbling sound. 

GROAN'FULTa. Sad; inducing groans.— Spenser. 

GROANING, ppr. or a. Uttering a low, mourniul sound. 

GROANING, n. 1. The act of groaning ; lamentation ; com- 
plaint; a deep sound uttered in pain or sonow.— 2. In 
hunting, the cry or noise of the buck. 

GROAT ~(<n-awt), n. [D. groot; G. grot.] 1. An English 
money of account, equal to four pence. 2. A proverbial 
name for a small sum. 

GROATS (grawts), n. pi. Oats that have the hulls taken oft. 

GROATS-W6RTH (-wurth), n. The value of a groat, 

GRO'CER, n. A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, cot 
fee, liquors, fruits, <tc. 

GRO'CER-Y, n. 1. The commodities sold by grocers ; [used 
in the singular in England, in the plural in the United 
States.] 2. A grocer's store ; [United States.] 

GROG, n. A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened. 

GROG'-BLOS-SOM, n. A rum bud ; a redness on the nosa 
or face of men who drink ardent spirits to excess. [-4»7k] 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ,— AN"GER. VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsokte 
Go 



GRO 



466 



GRO 



GROG'-DRINK-ER, n. One addicted to drinking grog. 

GROG-SHOP, n. In America, a shop where grog and other 
spirituous liquors are retailed. — Groggery has also been 
used of late. 

GROG'GY, a. 1. A groggy horse is one that bears wholly 
on his heels in trotting. Cyc. — 2. In vulgar language, tip- 
sy: intoxicated. 

GROG'RAM, ( n. [It. grossagrana.] A kind of stuff made 

GROG 'RAN, 5 of silk and mohair. 

GROIN, n. flee, and Goth, grein.] 1. The depressed part 
of the human body between the belly and the thigh.— 2. 
Among builders, the angular curve made by the intersec- 
tion of two semi-cylinders or arches. — 3. [Fr. groin ; Gr. 
Uv.] The snout or nose of a swine. 

t GROIN, v. i. To groan.— Chaucer. 

GROINED, a. Having an angular curve made by the inter- 
section of two semi-cylinders or arches ; as, a groined 
arch, a groined ceiling. 

GROM'ET, )n. [Arm. gromm.] Among seamen, a ring 

GROM'MET, 5 formed of a strand of rope laid round ; 
used for various purposes. 

GROM'WELL, ^ n. A plant of the genus litkospermum. The 

GROMTL, ^ German gromwell is the stellera. 

GROOM, n. [qu. Flemish or Old D. grom.] 1. A boy or 
young man ; a waiter ; a servant. 2. A man or boy who 
has the charge of horses ; one who takes care of horses or 
the stable. — 3. In England, a title of several officers of the 
royal household, chiefly in the lord-chamberlain's depart- 
ment ; as, grooms in waiting, &c. — Brande. 

GROOM, v. t. To feed and take care of, as a groom does 
horses. 

GROOM, n. [Sax. and Goth, guma, a man.] A man recent- 
ly married, or one who is attending his proposed spouse 
in order to be married ; used in composition, as in bride- 
groom, which see. [This is a payable mistake for goom.] 

GROOM'-PoR-TER, n. An officer in the household of the 
King of England, who succeeded to the Master of Revels, 
and gave direction to the sports.— Fosbroke. 

GROOM'ING, n. The care and feeding of horses. 

GROOVE (groov), n. [Ice. groof.] 1. A furrow, channel, 
or long hollow cut by a tool. — 2. Among miners, a shaft or 
pit sunk into the earth. 

GROOVE, v. t. [Sw. grbpa.] To cut a channel with an 
edged tool ; to furrow. 

GROOVED, pp. Channeled ; cut with grooves. 

GROOVER, n. A miner. — Holloway. [Local.) 

GROOVING, ppr. Cutting in channels. 

GRoPE, v. i. [Sax. gropian, grapian.] 1. To feel along; to 
search or attempt to tind in the dark, or as a Wind person, 
by feeling. 2. To seek blindly in intellectual darkness, 
without a certain guide or means of knowledge. 

GRoPE, v. t. To search by feeling in the dark. 

GRoPED (gropt), pp. Felt in the dark. 

GRoP'ER, n. One who gropes; one who feels his way in 
the dark, or searches by feeling. 

GRoPTNG, ppr. Feeling for something in darkness ; search- 
ing by feeling. 

GRqP'ING-LY, adv. In a groping manner. 

GROS (gro). [Fr.] Thick; strong; a word used in many 
compound words for silk goods ; a3, gros de Nap or Na- 
ples, gros de Tours, &c, all strong fabrics. — Encyc. Am. 

GRoS'BeAK, n. A bird. See Gbossbeak. 

GRoSS, a. [Fr. gros ; It., Port, grosso.) 1. Thick ; bulky ; 
[particularly applied to animals ;] fat ; corpulent. 2. Coarse ; 
rude ; rough ; not delicate. 3. Coarse, in a figurative sense ; 
rough ; mean ; particularly, vulgar ; obscene ; indelicate. 
4. Thick; large; opposed to fine. 5. Impure; unrefined. 
6. Great , palpable ; as, gross error. 7. Coarse ; large ; 
not delicate. 8. Thick ; dense ; not attenuated ; not re- 
fined or pure. 9. Unseemly ; enormous ; shameful ; great ; 
as, gross iniquity. 10. Stupid ; dull. — Milton. 11. Whole ; 
entire ; as, the gross receipts. 

GRoSS, n. 1. The main body; the chief part; the bulk ; 
the mass ; [little used.] 2. The number of twelve dozen ; 
twelve times twelve. — In the gross, in gross, in the bulk, 
or the whole undivided ; all parts taken together. — By the 
gross, in a like sense. — Gross weight, is the weight of goods 
with the cask, or whatever contains them, as distinguished 
from the net weight, which is the remainder after allow- 
ance for the weight of the cask, &c. 

GRoSS'-He AD-ED, a. Having a thick skull; stupid. 

GRoSS'BeAK, n. A singing-bird allied to the finches and 
linnets, so named from the thickness of its bill at the base. 

GRoSS'LY, adv. 1. In bulky or large parts ; coarsely. 2. 
Greatly ; palpably ; enormously. 3. Greatly ; shamefully. 
i. Coarsely ; without refinement or delicacy. 5. Without 
art or skill. 

GRoSS'NESS, v. 1. Thickness ; bulkiness ; corpulence ; 
fatness. 2. Thickness ; 6pissitude ; density. 3. Coarse- 
ness ; rudeness ; want of refinement or delicacy ; vulgar- 
ity. 4. Greatness; enormity. 

GROSS'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to a gooseberry. 

GROSS'U-L AR, n. A species of garnet, of a green color. 



GROT, I n. [Fr. grotte ; It. grotta.] 1. A natural cave oi 

GROTTO, j rent in the earth.— Dryden. 2. An artificial, 
ornamented cave, for coolness and refreshment. Grotta 
is now disused. 

GRO-TESQUE' (gro-tesk'), a. [Fr. grotesque ; Sp., Port, gru 
tesco.] Wildly formed ; whimsical ; extravagant ; of ir 
regular forms and proportions ; ludicrous ; antic ; a term 
derived from the fanciful ornaments found in the subter 
ranean chambers of ancient Roman ruins, called by tht» 
Italians grottoes. 

GRO-TESQUE' (gro-tesk'), n. 1. Whimsical figures or seen 
ery. 2. Artificial grotto-work.— .Brande. 

GRO-TESQUE'LY, adv. In a fantastical manner. 

GRO-TESQUE'NESS, n. State of being grotesque. 

GROUND, n. [Sax., G., Dan., Sw. grund.] 1. The surface 
of land or upper part of the earth, without reference to 
the materials which compose it. 2. Region ; territory ; as, 
on American ground. 3. Land ; estate ; possession. 4. 
The surface of the earth, or a floor or pavement. 5. Foun- 
dation ; that which supports any thing, as of an argument 
6. Fundamental cause ; primary reason or original prin- 
ciple. 7. First principles.— 8. In painting, that which is 
first put on the surface on which a figure or object is rep- 
resented. — 9. In manufactures, the principal color, to which 
others are considered as ornamental— 10. Grounds, plural, 
the bottom of liquors ; dregs ; lees ; feces ; as, coffee 
grounds. The term grounds is also used, in architecture, 
to denote pieces of wood flush with the plastering, to 
which moldings, &c, are attached. — Brande. 11. The 
plain song ; the tune on which descants are raised. Shalt. 
— 12. In etching, a gummous composition spread over the 
surface of the metal to be etched. 13. Field or place of 
action ; as, battle ground. — 14. In music, the name given 
to a composition in which the base, consisting of a few 
bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a con- 
tinually varying melody. 15. The foil to set a thing off; 
[obs.] 16. Formerly, the pit of a play-house. Ben Jonson. 
— To gain ground. 1. To advance; to proceed forward 
in conflict. Hence, to be more or less successful. 2. To 
gain credit ; to prevail. — To lose ground. 1. To retire ; to 
retreat, as in battle. Hence, to be more or less unsuccess 
ful. 2. To lose credit ; to decline. — To give ground, to re- 
cede ; to yield advantage. — To get ground, and to gather 
ground, are seldom used. 

GROUND, v. t. 1. To lay or set on the ground. 2. To 
found ; to rest or base ; to fix or set, as on a foundation, 
cause, reason, or principle. 3. To settle in first principles ; 
to fix firmly. 

GROUND, v. i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and 
remain fixed, as a ship. 

GROUND, pret. and pp. or a., from grind. 

GROUND'-AN"GLING, n. Fishing without a float, with a 
weight placed a few inches from the hook. 

GROUND'-ASH, n. A sapling of ash ; a young shoot from 
the stump of an ash. — Mortimer. 

GROUND'-BaIT, n. Bait consisting of balls of boiled bar- 
ley, &c., dropped to the bottom of the water to collect to- 
gether the fish. — Walton. 

GROUND'-CHER'RY, n. An American weed (physealis via- 
coso), havingan inflated calyx or seed pod. — Farm. Encyc 

GROUNB'-FLoOR, n. The first or lower floor of a house. 
But the English call the second floor from the ground the 
first floor. 

GROUND'-FORM, n. In grammar, the basis of a word to 
which the other parts arr< added in declension and conju- 
gation. It is sometimes, r. at not always, the same as the 
root. — Gibbs. 

GROUND-HOG, n. [ground and hog.) The popular name 
of the American arctomys, or mannot, usually called, in 
New England, woodchuck. 

GROUND'-I-VY, n. A well-known low, trailing plant 

GROUND'-NEST, n. A nest on the ground. 

GROUND'-NUT, n. 1. The fruit of a South American plant 
also called earth-nut or pea-nut. 2. A North American 
twining plant of the pea tribe, having dark purple flowers, 
and a tuberous root pleasant to the taste. 

GROUND'-oAK, n. A sapling of oak. — Mortimer. 

GROUND'-PlNE, n. A plant, a species of teucrium. 

GROUND-PL aTE, n. In architecture, the ground-plates are 
the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground 

GROUND'-PLOT, n. 1. The ground on which a buildingia 
placed. 2. The ichnography of a building. 

GROUND'-RENT, n. Rent paid for the privilege of build 
ing on another man's land.— Johnson. 

GROUND'-ROOM, ri, A room on the ground . a lower 
room. — Tatler. 

GROUND'-SWELL, n. A swell and heaving of the ocear 
with great power from beneath, while the surface is nol 
agitated by anv existing tempest. 

GROUND'-TA€K-LE, n. In ships, a general term for every 
thing necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. 

GROUND'-WoRK, n. 1. The work which forms the fou» 
dation or support of any thing ; the basis ; the funda 



Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a. e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BC-OK 



GRO 



467 



GRU 



mentals. 2. The ground ; that to which the rest are ad- 
ditional. 3. First principle ; original reason. 
GlftOUNDAGE, n. A tax paid by a ship for the ground or 

space it occupies while in port. — Bouvier. 
GROUND'ED, pp. Laid in the ground ; run aground. 
GROUND'ED-LY, adv. Upon firm principles. 
GROUNDLESS, a. 1. Wanting ground or foundation ; 
wanting cause or reason for support 2. Not authorized ; 
false. 
GROUNDLESS-LY, adv. Without reason or cause. 
GROUND'LESS-NESS, n. Want of just cause, reason, or 

authority for support. — Tillotson. 
GROUNDLING, n. 1. A fish that keeps at the bottom of 
the water. — 2. Anciently, one who stood in the pit of the 
theatre, which was literally on the ground without floor 
or benches. — Toone. 
1 GROUND'LY, adv. Upon principles ; solidly. — Ascham. 
GROUNDS, n.pl. Dregs; lees, as coffee grounds. 
. GROUND'SEL, n. A plant of the genus senecio, of several 

6pecies. 
GROUND'SEL, \n. [ground, and Sax. svll] The timber 
GROUND'-SILL, ) of a building which^lies next to the 

ground ; commonly called a sill. 
GROUP (groop), n. [It. groppo ; Fr. groupe.] 1. A cluster, 
crowd, or throng ; an assemblage ; a number collected 
without any regular form or arrangement. — 2. In painting 
and sculpture, an assemblage of two or more figures of 
men, beasts, or other things which have some relation to 
each other. 
GROUP, v. t. [Fr. grouper] To form a group ; to bring or 
place together in a cluster or knot; to form an assemblage. 
GROUPED (groopt), pp. or a. Formed or placed in a crowd. 
GROUPING, ppr. Bringing together in a cluster or assem- 
blage. 
GROUPING, n. The art of composing or combining the 

objects of a picture or piece of sculpture. 
GROUSE, n. A heath-cock ; a name of several species of 

birds highly prized for food. 
GROUSE, v. i. To seek or shoot grouse. 
GROUSING, ppr. Shooting grouse. 

GROUT, n. [Sax. grut.] 1. Coarse meal ; pollard. 2. A 
kind of wild apple. 3. A thin, coarse mortar for pouring 
into the joints of masonry and brick-work ; also, a finer 
material for finishing the best ceilings. — Gwilt. 4. Lees ; 
that which purges off. 5. Wort of the last running. — 
Holloway. 
GROUTING, n. 1. The process of filling in or finishing 

with grout. 2. The grout thus filled in. — Gwilt. 
GR5UTNOL. See Gkowthead. 

GROVE, n. [Sax. graf, graf.] 1. In gardening, a email 
wood or cluster of trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood 
impervious to the rays of the sun. 2. A wood of small 
extent. — In America, the word is applied to a wood of nat- 
ural growth in the field, as well as to planted trees in a gar- 
. den. 3. Something resembling a wood or trees in a wood. 
3ROVEL (grov^), v. i. [Ice. gruva.] 1. To creep on the 
earth, or with the face to the ground; to he prone, or 
move with the body prostrate on the earth ; to act in a 
prostrate posture. 2. To be low or mean. 
GROV.EL-ER, n. One who grovels ; an abject wretch. 
GROV.EL-ING, ppr. 1. Creeping ; moving on the ground. 

2. a. Mean ; without dignity or elevation. 
GROVT, a. Pertaining to a grove ; frequenting groves. 
GRoW, v. i. ; pret. grew ; pp. grown. [Sax. growan.] 1. To 
enlarge in bulk or stature by a natural, imperceptible ad- 
dition of matter ; to vegetate, as plants, or to be augment- 
ed by natural process, as animals. 2. To be produced by 
vegetation. 3. To increase ; to be augmented ; to wax ; 
as, an evil grows. 4. To advance ; to improve ; to make ' 
progress, as in wisdom. 5. To advance ; to extend. 6. ! 
To come by degrees ; to become ; to reach any state. 7. 
To come forward; to advance; [little used.] 8. To be 
changed from one state to another; to become; as, to 
grow worse. 9. To proceed, as from a cause or reason. 
10. To accrue ; to come. 11. To swell ; to increase ; as, 
the wind grew to a tempest. — To grow out of, to issue 
from, as plants from the soil. — To grow up, to arrive at 
manhood, or to advance to full stature. — To grow up, or 
to grow together, to close and adhere to ; to become united 
by growth. 
GROW, v. t. To cause to grow ; to produce ; to raise ; as, 
a farmer grows large quantities of wheat. [Agricultural 
usage in England.] 
GROWER, n. 1. One who grows ; that which increases. — 

2. In English use, one who raises or produces. 
GROWING, ppr. or a. Increasing ; advancing in size or ex- 
tent ; becoming ; accruing ; swelling ; thriving ; producing 
GROWL, v. i. [Gr. ypvWn.] To murmur or snarl, as °a. 

dog ; to utter an angry, grumbling sound. 
GROWL, v. t. To express oy growling. — Thomson^ 
GROWL, n. The murmur of a cross dog. 
GROWL'ER, n. A snarling cur : a grumbler. 
GROWLTNG, ppr. or a. Grumbling ; snarling. 



GROWLTNG, n. The act of grumbling or fmarhng. 
GROWLTNG-LY, adv. In a growling manner. 
GRoWN, pp. or a., from grow. 1. Advanced ; increased in 
growth. 2. Having arrived at full size or stature. — Grown 
over, covered by the growth of any thing ; overgrown, 
t GROWSE, v. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver ; to have chills. 
GROWTH, n. 1. The gradual increase of animal and veg- 
etable bodies. 2. Product ; produce ; that which has 
grown. 3. Production ; any thing produced. 4. Increase 
in number, bulk, or frequency. 5. Increase in extent or 
prevalence. 6. Advancement ; progress ; improvement. 
GRoWT'He AD, \n. 1. A kind of fish. 2. A lazy person , 
GR0WFNOL, I a lubber; [obs.) 

GRUB, v. i. [Goth, graban.] To dig ; to be occupied in dig- 
ging. 
GRUB, v. t. To dig; mostly followed by up. — To grub up, 
is to dig up by the roots with an instrument ; to root out 
by digging. 
GRUB, n. 1. A fleshy, dingy-colored larva, proceeding from 
the egg of a moth, beetle, or other insect. 2. A short, thick 
man ; a dwarf; [in contempt.] 
GRUB'-AX, n. A tool used in grubbing up weeds and the like. 
GRUB'-STREET, n. or a. Originally, the name of a street 
near Moorfields, in London, much inhabited by mean writ- 
ers, and now called Milton-street ; hence, applied to mean 
writings ; as, a Grub-street poem. — Johnson. 
GRUBT3ER, n. 1. One who grubs. 2. An instrument for 

digging up the roots of trees, &c. 
GRUB'BING, ppr. Digging; penetrating. 
GRUB'BING, n. The act of digging up by the roots 
GRUB'BING-HOE, n. An instrument for digging up trees, 

shrubs, &c, by the roots ; a mattock. 
GRUB'BLE, v. i. [G. griibeln.] To feel in the dark ; to 

grovel. — Dryden. [Not much used.] 
GRUDGE, v. t. [W. gnog.] 1. To be discontented at an- 
other's enjoyments or advantages ; to envy one the pos- 
session or happiness which we desire for ourselves. 2. 
To give or take unwillingly. 
GRUDGE, v. i. 1. To murmur; to repine; to complain. — 
Hooker. 2. To be unwilling or reluctant. 3. To be envi- 
ous. 4. To wish in secret ; [obs.] 5. To feel compunc- 
tion ; to grieve ; [obs.] 
GRUDGE, n. 1. Sullen malice or malevolence ; secret en- 
mity. 2. Unwillingness to benefit. 3. Remorse of con- 
science ; [obs.] — Syn. Aversion ; dislike ; ill-will ; hatred ; 
spite ; pique, 
t GRUDG'EONS (-unz), n.pl. Coarse meal. — Beaum. and FL 
GRUDg'ER, n. One who grudges ; a murmurer. 
GRUDg'ING, ppr. or a. Envying ; being uneasy at another's 
possession of something which we have a desire to pos- 
sess. 
GRUDgTNG, n. 1. Uneasiness at the possession of some 
thing by another. 2. Reluctance ; also, a secret wish _ .' 
desire ; [obs.] 3. A symptom of disease ; [obs.] 
GRUDGTNG-LY, adv. Unwillingly ; with reluctance or dis- 
content. 
GE-U'EL, n. [W. grual] A kind of light food made by boil- 
ing meal in water. 
GE.UFF, a. [D. grof; W. gruf.] Of a rough or stern man- 
ner or voice ; sour ; surly ; severe ; rugged ; harsh. 
GRUFF'LY, adv. Roughly ; sternly ; ruggedly ; harshly. 
GRUFF'NESS, n. Roughness of voice or manner ; stern- 
ness. 
GRUM, a. [Dan. grum.] 1. Morose ; severe of countenance ; 
sour ; surly. — Arbuihnot. 2. Low ; deep in the throat , 
guttural ; rumbling. 
GRUM'BLE, v. i. [D. grommelen, grommen ; Sax. grymetan.] 
1. To murmur with discontent ; to utter a low voice by 
way of complaint. 2. To growl ; to snarl. 3. To rumble ; 
to roar ; to make a harsh and heavy sound. 
GRUM'BLER, n. One who grumbles or murmurs ; one who 

complains ; a discontented man. 
GRUMT3LING, ppr. or a. Murmuring through discontent ; 

rumbling ; growling. 
GRUM'BLING, n. A murmuring through discontent; c 

rumbling. 
GRUM'BLING-LY, adv. With grumbling or complaint 
GRuME, n. [Fr. grumeau.] A thick, viscid consistence of a 

fluid ; a clot as of blood, Sic. 
GRUM'LY, adv. Morosely; with a sullen countenance. 
GRu'MOUS, a. 1. Thick; concreted; clotted.— 2. In bota 

ny, in the form of little clustered grains. — Lindlcy. 
GRu'MOUS-NESS, n. A state of being concreted. 
GRUMPT, ooV Surly ; dissatisfied.— Forby. [Local in Eng .1 
GRUN'DEL, n. The fish called a groundling. 
GRUND'SEL. See Groundsel.— Milton. 
GRUNT, v. i. [Dan. grynter.] To murmur like a hog ; tt. 

utter a short groan, or a deep, guttural sound. 
GRUNT, n. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog. 
GRUNTER, n. 1 . One who grunts. 2. A species of gurnard 

so called from the peculiar noise which it makes. 
GK UNT1NG, ppr. or a. Uttering the murmuring cr guttura. 
sound of swine or other animals. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS, 



K; G as J ; 3 as Z; cIIasSH; TH is in this, t Obsolete 



GUA 



468 



GUH 



(2 HUNTING, n. The guttural sound of swine and other an- 
imals. 

GRUNTING-LY, adv. Murmuringly ; mutteringly.— Sher- 
wood. 

GRUNTLE, v. i. To grunt. [Not much used.] 

GRUNT'LING, n. A young hog. 

GRUTCH. for grudge, is now vulgar, and not to be used. 

GRY, n. [Gr. ypu.] 1. A measure containing one tenth of a 
L'ne. 2. Any thing very small or of little value ; [little used.] 

GR YPHTFE, n. [L. gryphites.] Crowstone, a fossil bivalve 
shell, having a hooked beak. 

GUA-CHa'RO-BiRD, n. A nocturnal bird, of South Amer- 
ica,_feeding on hard fruits, and valued for its fat. — Humboldt. 
GUa'IA-€UM (gwa'ya-kum). n. 1. Lignum vita, or pox- 
wood, a tree produced in the warm climates of America. 
2. The resin of this tree, much used in medicine, and 
sometimes called guaiac. 

GUa'N A, n. A species of lizard found in America. 

GUA-Na'CO, n. The name of a South American quadruped, 
of the genus to which the lama belongs. 

GUA-NIF'ER-OUS, a. Yielding guano.— Ore. 

GUa'N O, n. A rich manure, composed chiefly of the excre- 
ments of sea-fowls, and brought from the South American 
and African coasts. 

GUA'RA. n. A bird of Brazil, the tantalus ruber. 

GUAR-AN-TEE' (gar-an-tee'), n. [Fr. garant ; Sp. garantia.] 
1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or 
party, that the stipulations of covenant shall be observed 
by the contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One who 
binds himself to see the stipulations of another performed. 
[This is becoming the prevalent spelling.] 

GUAR-AN-TEE' (gar-an-tee'), v. t. [Fr. garantir.] 1. To 
warrant; to make sure; to undertake or engage that an- 
other person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To 
undertake to secure to another, at all events. 3. To in- 
demnify ; to save harmless. 

GUARASfii?'' } (gar'an-teed), pp. Warranted. 

GUAR-AN-TEE'ING, ppr. or a. Giving a guarantee. 

GUAR'AN-TOR (gar'an-tor), n. A warrantor; one who en- 
gages to see that the stipulations of another are performed. 

GUAR'AN-TY (gar'an-ty), v. t. [Fr. garantir.] 1. To war- 
rant ; to make sure ; to undertake or engage that another 
person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To un- 
dertake to secure to another, at all events. 3. To indem- 
nify ; to save harmless. 

GUAR'AN-TY (gar'an-ty), n. [Fr. garant ; Sp. garantia.] 
1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or 
party, that the stipulations of covenant shall be observed 
by th<; contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One who 
binds himself to see the stipulations of another performed. 
[Written, aise, guarantee.] 

GUiRD (gard), v. t. [Fr. garder.] 1. To secure against in- 
jury, loss, or attack ; to keep in safety. 2. To secure 
against objections or the attacks of malevolence. 3. To 
accompany, with a view to protection. 4. To adorn with 
lists, laces, ox ornaments ; [obs.] 5. To gird ; to fasten by 
binding. Ben Jonson. — Syn. To defend ; protect ; shield ; 
keep ; watch. 

GUaRD (gard), v. i. To watch by way of caution or de- 
fense ; to be cautious ; to be in a state of defense or safety. 

GUARD, n. [Fr. garde.] 1. Preservation or security against 
injury, loss, or attack. 2. That which secures against at- 
tack or injury ; that which defends. 3. A man or body of 
men occupied in preserving a person or place from attack 
or injury. 4. A state of caution or vigilance ; or the act 
of observing what passes, in order to prevent surprise or 
attack. 5. That which secures against objections or cen- 
sure ; caution of expression. 6. Part of the hilt of a sword, 
which protects the hand. — 7. In fencing, a posture of de- 
fense. 8. An ornamental lace, hem, or border; [obs.] — 
Advanced-guard, or van-guard, in military affairs, a body 
of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army 
or division, to prevent surprise or give notice of danger. — 
Rear guard, a body of troops that march in the rear of an 
army or division, for its protection. — Life-guard, a body 
of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person of a 
prince or other officer. — The guards of a steam-boat are a 
widening of the deck by a frame-work of strong timbers, 
which curve out on each side to the water-wheel, and pro- 
tect it and the shaft against collision with wharfs and oth- 
er boats.— Syn. Defense ; shield ; protection ; safeguard ; 
convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed. 

GUXRD'-BoAT, n. A boat which keeps guard. 

GUXRD'-CHaM-BER, n. A guard-room. 

GUaRD'-ROOM, n. A room for the accommodation of 
guards. 

GUaRD'-SHIP, n. A vessel of war appointed to superin- 
tend the marine affairs in a harbor. 

GUaRD'A-BLE, a. That may be protected. 

tGUXRD'A6E, n. Wardship.— Shak. 

GUXRD'ANT, a. 1. Acting as guardian ; [obs.]— 2. In her- 
aldry, having the face turned toward the spectator. 



t GUA.RDANT, n. A guardian.— Shaft. 

GUaRD'ED, pp. 1. Defended ; protected ; accompanJed oy 
a guard. 2. a. Cautious ; circumspect. 3. Framed or ut- 
tered with caution. 

GUiRD'ED-LY, adv. With circumspection. 

GUiRD'ED-NESS, n. Caution; circumspection. 

GUARD'ER, ?2. One who guards. 

GUARD'FUL, a. Wary; cautious. 

GUaRD'I-AN, n. [Fr. gardien ; Sp. guardian.] 1. A warden ; 
one who guards, preserves, or secures ; one to whom any 
thing is committed for care or protection. — 2. In law, one 
who is chosen or appointed to take charge of the estate 
and education of an orphan. — Guardian of the spiritualities, 
the person to whom the spiritual jurisdiction of a diocese 
is intrusted during the vacancy of the see. 

GUaRD'I-AN, a. Protecting ; performing the office of a 
protector. 

t GUaRD'I-AN-ESS, n. A female guardian. — Beaum. and Fl. 

GUaRD'I-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a guardian ; protec- 
tion ; care ; watch. 

GUaRD'ING, ppr. Defending ; protecting ; securing ; at 
tending for protection. 

GUAR D'L ESS, a. Without a guard or defense. 

GUARD'SHIP, n. Care ; protection. [Little used.] 

tGUA'RISH (ga'rish), v. t. [Fr. guerir.] To heal.— Spenset 

GUa'RY-MiR'A-CLE (gwa're-mir'a-kl), n. [Corn, guare- 
mirkl] A miracle-play. 

GUA'VA, n. A tree of warm climates, and its fruit, which 
is_ about the size of a hen's egg, and makes a delicious jelly. 

t GuTBER-NaTE. v. t. [L. guberno.] To govern. 

GU-BER-Na'TION, n. [L. guhernatio.] Government; rule, 
direction. — Watts. [Little used.] 

Gu'BER-NA-TIVE, a. Governing— Chaucer. 

GU-BER-NA-To'RI-AL, a. [L. gubernator.] Pertaining to 
government, or to a governor. [Sometimes used in America.] 

GUDGEON (gud'jun), n. [Fr. goujon.] 1. A small fresh- 
water fish, easily caught; and hence, 2. A person easily 
cheated or insnared. — Swift. 3. A bait ; allurement. 4. 
An iron pin on which a wheel or shaft of a machine turns. 
— In a ship, a clamp on which the rudder turns. — Sea-gud- 
geon, the black goby, or rock-fish. 

GUk'RER, \n. [giaour, infidel.] A name given by the Mo- 

GUe'BRE, i hammedans to the Persian fire-worshipera. 
In India they are called parsees. 

GUEL'DER-RoSE (gel'der-), n. See Gelder-rose. 

GUELF, ) (gwelf), n. The Guelfs, so called from the name 

GUELPH, 5 of a family, composed a faction formerly, in 
Italy, opposed to the Ghibellines. 

t GUERDON (ger'don), n. [Fr.] A reward; requital; rec 
ompense. — Milton . 

t GUER'DON, v. t. To reward.— Sew Jonson. 

t GUER'DON-A-BLE, a. Worthy of reward.— Sir G. Buck. 

GUERDONED, pp. Rewarded. 

tGUER'DON-LESS, a. Unrecompensed.— Chaucer. 

GUER-RIL'LA (gwer-ril'la), n. or a. [Sp. little war.] A term 
applied to an irregular mode of carrying on war by the 
constant attacks of independent bands. It was adopted in 
the north of Spain during the Peninsular War. 

GUESS (ges), v. t. [D. gissen ; Sw. gissa.] 1. To form an 
opinion without certain principles or means of knowledge. 
— Pope. 2. To judge or form an opinion from some reas- 
ons that render a thing probable, but fall short of suffi- 
cient evidence. 3. To hit upon by accident. 4. To be in- 
clined to believe. — Syn. To conjecture ; suppose ; sur 
mise ; suspect ; divine ; think ; imagine. 

GUESS, v. i. To conjecture ; to judge at random. 

GUESS, n. Conjecture ; judgment without any certain evj 
dence or grounds. — Dryden. 

GUESS'-RdPE. See Guest-rope. 

GUESS-W6RK, n. Work performed at hazard, or by 
mere conjecture. 

GUESS-ED (gest), pp. Conjectured; divined. 

GUESS'ER, n. One who guesses ; a conjecturer ; one who 
judges without certain knowledge. 

GUESS'ING, ppr. Conjecturing ; judging without certain 
evidence or grounds of opinion. 

GUESS'ING, 72. The forming of conjectures. 

GUESS'ING-LY, adi\ By way of conjecture. 

GUEST (gest), n. [Sax. gest.] 1. A stranger; one who 
comes from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place. 2. 
A visitor ; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house 
or at the table of nnother ; a visitant. 

t GUEST, v. i. To be entertained in the house or at the ta» 
ble of another. 

GUEST'-CHaM-BER, n. An apartment appropriated to the 
entertainment of guests. 

GUEST'-RlTE, n. ^Office due to a guest. — Chapman. 

GUEST'-R (1 VYL. \n. A rope to tow with, or to rnako fast a 

GUESS'-RoPE, 5 boat— Mar. Diet. 

GUICSTWiSE, adv. In the manner of a guest. 

GUG'GLE. See Gurgle. 

GUHR (gur), 72. A loose, earthy deposit from water, found 
in rock?. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



GUI 



469 



GUM 



GUID'A-BLE, a. That may be guided or governed by coun- 
sel. — Sprat. 

GUlD'A&E, n. The reward given to a guide for services. 
[Little used.] 

GUID'ANCE, n. The act of guiding ; direction ; govern- 
ment ; a leading. 

GUlDE (gide), v. t. [Ft. guider.} 1. To lead or direct in a 
way ; to conduct in a course or path. 2. To direct ; to 
order. 3. To influence ; to give direction to. 4. To in- 
struct and direct. 5. To direct; to regulate and manage; 
to superintend. 

GUIDE, n. [Fr. guide.] 1. A person who leads or directs 
another in his way or course ; a conductor. 2. One who 
directs another in his conduct or course of life. 3. A di- 
rector ; a regulator ; that which leads or conducts. 

GUlDE'-POST, n. A post at the forks of a road for direct- 
ing travelers the way. 

GUID'ED, pp. Led; conducted; directed in the way; in- 
structed and directed. 

GUlDE'LESS, a. Destitute of a guide ; wanting a director. 
— Dryden. 

GUID'ER, u. A guide ; one who guides or directs. 

GUlD'ING, ppr. Leading; conducting; directing; superin- 
tending. 

GUl'DON (gi'don), n. [Ft.] The silk standard of a regi- 
ment of dragoons or light dragoons. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

GUILD (gild), n. [Sax. geld, gield, gild, or gyld.] In En- 
gland, a society, fraternity, or company, associated for 
some purpose, particularly for carrying on commerce. 

GUILD' -HALL (gild'hawl), n. The hall where a guild or 
corporation usually assembles; the great court of judica- 
ture in London. 

GUILD'A-BLE, a. Liable to a tax.— Spelman. 

GUILD'ER, n. See Gilder. 

GUILE (gile), n. [qu. Old Fr. guille, or gille.] Craft; cun- 
ning ; artifice ; duplicity ; deceit ; wile ; subtlety ; fraud. 

t GUlLE, v. t. To disguise craftily. — Spenser. 

\ GUIL£D, a. Treacherous ; deceiving. — Sfiak. 

GUILE'FUL, a. 1. Cunning : crafty ; artful ; wily ; deceit- 
ful ; insidious ; subtle ; fraudulent. 2. Treacherous ; de- 
ceitful. 3. Intended to deceive. 

GUILE'FUL-LY, adv. Artfully ; insidiously ; treacherously. 

GUILE'FUL-NESS, n. Deceit; secret treachery. 

GUlLE'LESS, a. Free from guile or deceit ; artless ; frank ; 
sincere ; honest. 

GUlLE'LESS-LY, adv. In a guileless manner. 

GUlLE'LESS-NESS, n. Simplicity; freedom from guile. 

GUlL'ER, n. One who betrays into danger by insidious 
arts. — Spenser. 

GUIL'LE-MOT (gil-), n. [W. cwilawg.] A water-fowl with 
6hort wings, inhabiting the northern seas. 

GUIL'LE-VAT, n. A vat for fermenting liquors. 

GUIL-LOCHE' (gil-losh'), n. [Ft.] In architecture, an orna- 
ment in the form of two or more bands or strings twist- 
ing over each other in a continued series. — Gwilt. 

GUIL'LO-TlNE (gillo-teen), n. [Fr., from the name of the 
inventor.] An engine or machine for beheading persons 
at a stroke. 

GUIL'LO-TlNE (gillo-teen), v. t. To behead with the guil- 
lotine. 

GUIL'LO-TiN^D. pp. Beheaded by a guillotine. 

GUIL'LO-TlN-ING, ppr. Beheading by a guillotine. 

GUILLS, n. A plant, the corn marigold. 

GUILT (gilt), n. [Sax. gylt.] 1. Criminality; that state of a 
moral agent which results from his actual commission of 
a crime or oftense, knowing it to be a crime, or violation 
of law. 2. Criminality in a political or civil view ; expo- 
sure to forfeiture or other penalty. 3. Crime ; oflense. — 
Shak. 

GUILT'-SICK, a. Diseased in consequence of guilt. 

'GUILT'I-LIKE. adv. Guilty.— Shak. 

GUILTT-LY, adv. In a manner to incur guilt; not inno- 
cently. — Shak. 

GUILTI-NESS, n. The state of being guilty; wickedness; 
criminality ; guilt. — Sidney. 

GUILT'LESS, a. 1. Free from guilt, crime, or offense ; in- 
nocent. 2. Not produced by the slaughter of animals ; as, 
a guiltless feast. — Goldsmith. 

GUILTLESS-LY, adv. Without guilt ; innocently. 

GUILT'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence; freedom from guilt or 
crime. — Sidney. 

GUILTY (gilfy), a. [Sax. gyltig.] 1. Criminal; having 
knowingly committed a crime or offense. 2. Wicked; 
corrupt; sinful. 3. Conscious. — In Scripture, guilty of 
death, guilty of that which deserves death. 

GUIM'BARD, n. A musical instrument, the Jew's-harp. 
• GUIN'EA (gin'ny), n. [from Guinea, in Africa, which abounds 
with gold.] Formerly, a gold coin of Great Britain, of the 
value of twenty-one shillings sterling. 
GUIN'EA-€ORN, n. The great or Indian millet {sorghum 

vulgar e). — P. Cyc. 
GUIN'EA-DROP-PER, n. One who cheats by dropping 
guineas. 



GUIN'EA-FOWL, ) n. A gallinaceous fowl, of a grayish- 
GUIN'EA-HEN, 5 blue color, with small white 6poto, 

originally from Africa. 
GUIN'EA-PEP'PER, n. The aromatic fruit or seed of a spe- 
cies of amomum or capsicum. 
GUIN'EA-PIG, n. In zoology, a small quadruped of the ge- 
nus cavia or cavy kind, a native of Brazil. 
GUIN1AD, n. See Gwiniad. 

GUISE (gize), 7i. [Fr. guise.] 1. External appearance, 
dress; garb; habit. 2. Manner; mien; cast of behav- 
ior. 3. Custom; mode; practice. 
GUlS'ER (giz'er), n. A person in disguise ; a mummer, 

who goes about at Christmas. [Eng.] 
GUIT-AR' (git-ax 7 ), n. [Ft. guitare.] A stringed instrument 

of music. 
GuL A, ) n. An ogee or wavy member in a building ; the 
Go'LA, 5 cymatium. 

Gu'LAR. a. Pertaining to the throat.— P. Cyc. 
Gu'LAUND, n. An aquatic fowl of Iceland.— Pennant. 
t GULCH, n. [D. gulzig.] A glutton ; a swallowing, 
t GULCH, v. t. To swallow greedily. 
GULCH'IN. The same as gulch. 

GtJLES (gulz), n. [Fr. gueules.] In heraldry, a red color. 
GULF, n. [FT.golfe; It, Sp., Port, golfo.] 1. A recess in 
the ocean, from the general fine of the shore into the land, 
or a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea into 
the land, between two points or promontories ; a large 
bay. 2. An abys3 ; a deep place in the earth. 3. A whirl- 
pool ; an absorbing eddy. 4. Any thing insatiable. 
GULF'-IN-DENT'ED, a. Indented with gulfs. 
GULFT. a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. 
GULL, v. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive ; to cheat ; to mislead 

by deception ; to trick ; to defraud. 
GULL, n. 1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. — Shak. 2. 

One easily cheated. — Shak. 
GULL, n. [W. gwylan.] A well-known web-footed sea-fowl, 

with long wings. There are many species. 
GULL'-CATCH-ER, n. A cheat : a man who cheats or en- 
traps silly people. — Shak. 
GULL.ED, pp. Cheated; deceived; defrauded. 
GULL'ER, n. A cheat ; an impostor, 
t GULL'ER-Y, n. Cheat— Burton. 

GUL'LET, n. [Fr. goulet, goulot.] 1. The passage in the 
neck of an animal by which food and liquor are taken into 
the stomach ; the esophagus. 2. A stream or lake ; [obs.] 
GUL-LI-BIL1-TY, n. Credulity.— John Foster. [A low word.] 
GUL'LI-BLE, a. Easily gulled. [Low.] 
GUL'LIED (gullid), pp. or a. Having a hollow worn bv 

water. 
GULL'ING, ppr. Cheating; defrauding, 
t GULL'ISH, a. Foolish ; stupid, 
t GULL'ISH-NESS, n. Foolishness ; stupidity. 
GUL'LY, n. 1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a 
current of water. — MUford. 2. A large knife. — Walter 
Scott ; [Scottish.] 
GUL'LY, v. t. To wear a hollow channel in the earth, 

[America.] 
t GUL'LY, v. i. To run with noise. 
GUL'LY-GUT, n. [L. gulo.] A glutton.— Barret. 
GUL'LY-HoLE, n. An opening where gutters empty their 

contents into the subterraneous sewer. 
GUL'LY-ING, ppr. Wearing a hollow channel in the earth 
GULP£D (gulpt), pp. Swallowed eagerly. 
GULPH. See Gulf. 

GU-LOS1-TY, n. [L. gvlosus.] Greediness; voracity; ex- 
cessive appetite for food. — Brow7i. [Little used.] 
GULP, v. t. [D. gulpen.] To swallow eagerly or in large 
draughts. Gay. — To gulp up, to throw up from the throat 
or stomach ; to disgorge. 
GULP, n. 1. A swallow, or as much as is swallowed at 

once. 2. A disgorging. 
GUM, n. [Sax. goma.] The hard, fleshy substance of the 

jaws which invests the teeth. 
GUM, n. [Sax. goma ; L. gummi.] The concrete mucilage 
of vegetables ; a concrete juice which exudes through the 
bark of trees. It is soluble in water, and is precipitated 
by alcohol. — Gum-elastic, or elastic-gum [caoutchouc], is a 
well-known substance, obtained from a tree in South 
America by incision. 
GUM, v. t. 1. To smear with gum. 2. To unite by a vis- 
cous substance. 
GUM-/ R'A-BI€, n. A gum whL j flows from the acacia, in 

Arabia, Egypt. &c. 
GUM'-BOIL. n. A boil on the gum. 

GUM'-RES.N, n. An exudation of plants, consisting of a 
miy'oire of gum and resin, or of a substance intermediate 
between the two. — Brande. 
GUM-SEN'E-GAL. 71. A gum resembling gum-arabic. 
GUM-lRAG'A-fWNTH, n. The gum of a thorny shrub of 

that name, in Crete, Asia, anc .ireece. 
GUM-TREE, n. The popular name of the black gum, of 
the genus nyssa, one of the largest trees of the Southern 
States. It bears a small, blue fruit, which is the favorite 



DO VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"C10US.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoleU 



GUR 



470 



GUY 



food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hol- 
low, and hence gum-tree is the term to denote a hollow 
tree in many of the Southern States. Bee-hives are ex- 
tensively made from portions of these hollow trunks, and 
hence, in many places, be^gum has become the term to 
denote a bee-hive. 

GUM'BO, n. A dish of food made of young capsules of ocra, 
with salt and pepper, stewed and served with melted 
butter. 

GUM'LAG, n. The resinous produce of an insect, which de- 
posits its eggs on the branches of a tree called bihar. 

GUM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing gum. 

GUM'MI-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being gummy ; 
viscousness. 2. Accumulation of gum. 

GUM-MOS'I-TY, n. The nature of gum ; gumminess ; a vis- 
cous or adhesive quality. — Floyer. 

GUM'MOUS, a. Of the nature or quality of gum ; viscous ; 
adhesive. — Woodward. 

GUM'MY, a. 1. Consisting of gum ; of the nature of gum ; 
viscous ; adhesive. 2. Productive of gum. 3. Covered 
with gum or viscous matter. 

GUMP, n. [Dan. and Sw. gump.] A foolish person ; a dolt. 
— Holloway. [Vulgar.) 

GUMPTION (gump'shun), n. [Sax. gymene.] Capacity ; 
shrewdness; address. — Todd. — Smart. [Vulgar.] 

GUN, n. [W.gwn; Corn, gun.] An instrument consisting 
of a barrel, or tube, of iron or other metal, fixed on a stock, 
from which balls, shot, or other deadly weapons are dis- 
charged by the explosion of gunpowder. The larger spe- 
cies oiguns are called cannon, and the smaller species are 
called muskets, carbines, fowling-pieces, &c. 

I GUN, v. i. To shoot. 

GUN'-BAR-REL, n. The barrel or tube of a gun. 

GUN'-BoAT, n. A boat or small vessel fitted to cany can- 
non in the bow or amidships. — Totten. 

GUN'-GAR-RIAGE, n. A wheel-carriage for bearing and 
moving cannon. 

GUN'-€OT-TON, n. A highly explosive substance, obtained 
by soaking cotton, or any other vegetable fibre, in nitric 
and sulphuric acids, and then suffering it to dry. It is used 
as a substitute for gunpowder. 

GUN'-FlRE, n. In military affairs, the hour at which the 
morning or evening gun is fired. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

GUN'-ROOM, n. In vessels of war, an apartment occupied 
by the commissioned officers as a mess-room; a ward- 
room. — Totten. 

GUN'-TACK-LE (-takl), n. A gun-tackle purchase, among 
seamen, is composed of two single blocks and a fall. 

GUN'NAGE, 7i. The numbers of guns in a 6hip of war. 

GUN'NEL. See Gunwale. 

GUN'NER, n. One skilled in the use of guns ; a cannonier ; 
an officer appointed to manage artillery. — In the navy, a 
warrant-officer having charge of the ordnance of a ves- 
sel. 

GUN'NER- Y, n. The science of artillery; the art of man- 
aging cannon. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

GUN'NING, n. The act of hunting or shooting game with a 
gun. — Goldsmith. 

GUN'NY, n. [Bengal.] A coarse sackcloth manufactured in 
Bengal, of which bags are made for containing salt and 
other articles. — Brande. 

GUN'POW-DER, n. 1. A composition of saltpetre, sulphur, 
and charcoal, mixed and reduced to a fine powder, then 
granulated and dried. It is used in artillery, in shooting 
game, in blasting rocks, &c. 2. A name given to a supe- 
rior land of green tea, whose leaves are so small as to look 
like grains of gunpowder. 

GUN'SHOT, n. The distance of the point-blank range of a 
cannon shot. 

GUN'SHOT, a. Made by the shot of a gun. 

GUN'SMITH, n. A maker or repairer of small fire-arms. 

GUN'SMITH-ER-Y, n. The business of a gunsmith ; the 
art of making small fire-arms. 

GUN'STICK, n. A rammer, or ramrod; a stick or rod to 
ram down the charge of a musket, &c. 

GUN 'STOCK, n. The stock or wood in which the barrel of 
a gun is fixed. 

GUN'SToNE, n. A stone used for the shot of cannon. 

GUN'TER'S CHUN, n. [from Edmund Gunter, the invent- 
or.] The chain commonly used for measuring land. It 
is four rods, or 6G feet in length, and is divided into 100 
links. 

GUN'TER'S LINE, n. A logarithmic line, on Gunter's scale, 
used for performing the multiplication and division of 
numbers mechanically. 

GUN'TER'S SCaLE. n. A large plane scale, having various 
lines of numbers engraved on it, by means of which ques- 
tions in practical geometry and arithmetic are resolved, 
with the aid of a pair of compasses. — Brande. 

GUN'W ALE, ? (gun'nel), n. The upper edge ol a ship's side ; 

GUN'NEL, 5 the uppermost wale of a ship. 

GURGE, n. [L. gurges.] A whirlpool. [Little used.] 

f GURGE, v. t. To swallow. 



t GLR'GEON, n. The coarser part of meal separated train 
the bran. — Hollinshed. 

GUR'GLE, v. i. [It. gorgogliare.] To run, as liquor, with a 
purling noise ; to run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy 
current. 

GUR'GLING, ppr. or a. Running or flowing with a purling 
sound. 

GUR'GLING, n. A running with a broken, noisy current. 

GUR'HOF-lTE, n. A sub-variety of magnesian carbonate 
of lime. 

GUR'NARD, ) n. [Ir. guirnead.] A sea-fish, of several spe 

GURNET, J cies, some of which are highly esteemed 
for food. 

GUR'RAH, n. A kind of plain, coarse Indian muslin. 

GUSH, v. i. [Ir. gaisim.] 1. To issue with violence and 
rapidity, as a fluid ; to rush forth, as a fluid, from confine- 
ment. 2. To flow copiously ; to stream. 

GUSH, v. t. To emit in copious effusion. — Dry den. 

GUSH, n. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an in- 
closed place ; the fluid thus emitted. 

GUSH'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a 
fluid ; flowing copiously. 2. Emitting copiously. 

GUSH'ING, n. A rushing forth with violence. 

GUSH'ING -LY, adv. In a gushing manner. 

GUS'SET, n. [Fr. gousset.] A small piece of cloth insertM 
in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening or enlarg- 
ing some part. 

GUST, n. [L. gustus ; It., Sp. gusto.] 1. Taste ; tasting, or 
the sense of tasting. More generally, the pleasure of tast- 
ing; relish. 2. Sensual enjoyment. — Dryden. 3. Pleas- 
ure; amusement; gratification. — Pope. 4. Turn of fancy; 
intellectual taste. — Dryden. 

GUST, v. t. To taste ; to have a relish. [Little used.] 

GUST, n. [Dan. gust.] 1. A sudden squall; a violent blast 
of wind ; a gale. 2. A sudden, violent burst of passion. 

GUSTA-BLE, a. 1. That may be tasted ; tastable. 2. Pleas- 
ant to the taste. — Derham. [Little used.] 

t GUST'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be tasted ; an eat- 
able. 

GUST-A'TION, n. The act of tasting. [Little used.] 

GUSTA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to gust or taste. 

GUSTFUL, a. Tasteful ; well-tasted ; that relishes. 

GUST'FtlL-NESS, n. Relish ; pleasantness to the taste 

GUST'LESS, a. Tasteless.— Brown. 

GUSTO, n. [It. and Sp.J 1. Relish; that which excites 
pleasant sensations in the palate or tongue. 2. Intellectual 
taste ; [little used.] 

GUSTY, a. Subject to sudden blasts of wind; stormy; 
tempestuous. — Shak. 

GUT, n. [Ger. kuttel.) 1. The intestinal canal of an animal; 
a pipe or tube extending, with many circumvolutions, from 
the pylorus to the vent. 2. The stomach ; the receptacle 
of food; [low.] 3. Gluttony; love of gormandizing; [low.] 

GUT. v. t. 1. To take out the bowels ; to eviscerate. 2. To 
plunder of contents ; as. the mob gutted the house. 

GUT'TA SE-RE'NA. [L.] In medicine, amaurosis ; blind- 
ness occasioned by a palsied retina. 

GUT'Ta-TED, a. [L. gutta.] Besprinkled with drops. 

GUTTED, pp. Deprived of the bowels; eviscerated; de- 
prived of contents. 

GUTTER, n. [Fr. gouttiere.) 1. A channel for catching and 
conveying off the water which collects on the roof of a 
building. 2. A channel or passage for water ; a hollow in 
the earth for conveying water. 

GUTTER, v. t. To cut or form into small hollows. 

GUTTER, v. i. 1. To be hoUowed or channeled. 2. To run 
in drops or hollows, as a candle. 

GUTTERJED, pp. Formed into small hollows. 

GUTTER-IN G, ppr. Forming into small hollows ; running 
in hollows. 

GUTTER-ING, n. A forming into hollows. 

GUTTI-FER, n. [L. gutta and fero.) In botany, a plant that 
exsudes gum or resin. 

GUT-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Yielding jmm or resin. 

\ GUTTLE, v. t. To swallow. —L' Estrange. 

t GUTTLE, v. i. To swallow greedily. 

GUTTLER, n. A greedy eater. 

GUTTU-LOUS, a. [L. guttula.] In the form of a sinaD 
drop, or of small drops. [Little used.] 

GUTTUR-AL, a. [Fr. guttural] Pertaining to the throat . 
formed in the throat. 

GUTTUR-AL, n. A letter pronounced in the throat, as th* 
Greek x- 

GUT'TUR-AL-LY, adv. In a guttural manner ; in the throat 

GUTTUR-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being guttural. 

t GUTTUR-lNE, a. Pertaining to the throat.— Bay. 

GUTTY, a. [from L. gutta.] In heraldry, charged or sprit, 
kled with drops.- Encyc. 

GUT'WORT, n. A plant, glohularia alypum, a violent purg- 
ative. 

GU¥ (gi), n. [Sp., Port, guia See Gye.] In marine affairs, 
a rope attached to any. thing, to steady it and bear it ono 
way and another, in hoisting or loweiing. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 



1 See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BQQK, 



GYR 



4?i 



HAB 



GUZ'ZLE, v. i. To swallow liquor greedily ; to drink much ; 
to drink frequently. 

GUZ'ZLE, v. t. To swallow much or often ; to swallow j 
with immoderate gust. — Dryden. 

GUZ'ZLE, n. An insatiable thing or person. 

GUZ'ZL-ED, pp. Swallowed often. 

GUZZLER, n. One who guzzles; an immoderate drinker, j 

GUZ'ZLING, ppr. Swallowing with immoderate gust. 

GWIN'IAD, n. [W. gwen, gwyn.] A fish of the salmon kind, i 
shaped like the herring, and often called the fresh-water : 
herring. 

GYBE (jibe), n. A sneer. See Gibe. 

("iYBE, v. t. In seamen's language, to shift a boom of a fore- \ 
and-aft sail from one side of a vessel to the other. 

GYB LNG, ppr. Shifting a boom from one side of a vessel to 
the other. 

r GYE, v. t. To guide.— Chaucer. 

6YM-Na'SI-aR€H, n. [Gr. yvuvamov and apxv-] An Athe- 
nian officer, who provided the oil and other necessaries for 
the gymnasia at his own expense. — Brande. 

" GYMJsa'SI-UM, n. [Gr. yvuvaaov.] 1. A place where ath- 
letic exercises are performed ; originally, in Greece, by 
persons naked. 2. A school for the higher branches of 
literature and science. 

GYM'NAST, n. One who teaches or learns gymnastic exer- 
cises. 

* GYM-NASTIC ( jim-nas'tik), a. [L. gymnasticus.] Pertain- 
ing to athletic exercises of the body, intended for health, 
defense, or diversion, as running, leaping, wrestling, 
throwing the discus, the javelin, or the hoop, playing with 
balls, &c. 

* GYM-NAS'TIG, n. Athletic exercise. 

* GYM-NASTIC-AL-LY, adv. In a gymnastic manner ; 

athletically. — Brown. 

* GYM-NASTIGS, n. pi. The gymnastic art ; the art of per- 
forming athletic exercises. 

* GYAFNIC, a. [L. gymnicus.] 1. Pertaining to athletic ex- 

ercises of the body. 2. Performing athletic exercises. 

* GYM'NIG, n. Athletic exercise. 

* GYM'NIG-AL, a. [Gr. yvy.viK.oS-] Pertai ni ng to athletic 

exev . 

flYM-NOS O-PHIST, n. [Gr. yvuvos and aoQicrris.] A phi- 
losopher of India, so called from his going with bare feet, 
or with little clothing. 

GYM-NOS'O-PHY. n. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. 
— Good. 

GYjVLNO-SPERM, n. [Gr. yvuvoi and a-zpya.] In botany, a 
plant that bears naked seeds. 

GYM-NO-SPERM'OUS, a. Having naked seeds. 

flYM'NOTE, n. [from Gr.] A naked person. 

tiYM-NoTUS, n. [Gr. yvyvos and vwtoS-] A genus of South 
American fresh-water fishes, including the electric eel. 

t GYN, v. t. To begin. 

GY-NAN'DRI-A, 7i. [Gr. yvvn and avrjp.] In botany, a clas3 
of plants whose stamens grow out of, or are united with, 
the pistil. — Linn&us. 

GY-NAN'DPd-AN, ? a. Having stamens inserted in the pis- 

GY-NANDROUS. \ til. 

GYN'AR-€HY (jin'ar-ke), n. [Gr. yvvn and apxv-] Govern- 
ment by a female. — Chesterfield. 

GYN-E'CIAN, a. [Gr. yvvuiKos, genitive of yvvn-} Relating 
to women. 

GYN-E-GOG'RA-CY, n. [Gr. yvvaucoKparia.] Petticoat gov- 
ernment : female power. 

GYN-E-OGRA-CY, n. [Gr. yvvn and K/Jaroj.] Government 
over which a woman may preside. 

GYN'O-PHORE, n. [Gr. yuvn and (popeu.] The pedicel on 
which stands the ovary in certain flowers, as in the passion 
flower. 

GYP, n. [Said to be a sportive application of yv^<, a vulture.] 
A cant name for a servant at Cambridge, England, as 
scout is used at Oxford. — Smart. 

GYP'SE-OUS, a. Of the nature of gypsum ; partaking of the 
qualities of gypsum : containing gypsum. 

GYP'S Y. ( &eGlvSY 

GYP'S EY. ^ eljIPSY - 

GYP-SIF'ER-OUS, a. Containing gypsum. 

GYP'SUM, n. [L.] Sulphate of lime, containing 21 per cent, 
of water. When white, fine-grained, and translucent, it 
constitutes alabaster. Gypsum burned, to drive off the wa- 
ter, and ground up, forms plaster of Paris. — Dana. 

Gy'PlAL. a. Whirling; moving in a circular form. 

GY'RaTE, v. i. To revolve round a central point, as a tor- 
nado. — Redfield. 

GY'RATE, a. In botany, winding or going round, as in a 
circle. 

GY-R a'TIOX, n. [L. gyratio.] A turning or whirling round ; 
a circular motion. — Newton. 

GY'RA-TO-RY, a. Moving in a circle. 

GYRE, 77. [L. gyrus.] A circular motion, or a circle de- 
scribed by a moving body ; a turn. 

GYRE, v. t. To turn round.— Bp. Hall. 

GYRED, a. Falling in rings. — Shak. 



GYRTAL-GON (jer'faw-kn), ti. [Ft. gei fault.] A species ot 

falco, or ha_wk. See * Falcon. 
GY-ROG ON-lTE, n. The fossil seed of the chara, a plan. 

found in ponds and ditches ; once supposed to be shelU 

— Lyell. 
GYR-5'aIA. n. [Gr.] A turning round.— Smith. 
GYR'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yvpos and yavreia.] A kind of div- 
ination performed by walking round in a circle or ring. 
GY'RON, n. In heraldry, an ordinary consisting of two lines 

from several parts of the escutcheon, meeting in the feseo 

point. — Ash. 
GY'RoSE, a. Turned round, like a crook.— Loudon. 
* GYVE, ti. [W. gevyn.] Gyves are fetters or shackles for 

_the legs. 
GYVE, v. t. To fetter ; to shackle ; to chain.— Shak. 
&YYED,pp. Fettered. 
GYVING, ppr. Putting on gyves. 



H. 



His the eighth letter of the English alphabet It is not 
strictly a vowel, nor an articulation, but the mark of a 
stronger breathing than that which precedes the utterance 
of any other letter. It is pronounced with an expiration 
of breath, which, preceding a vowel, is perceptible by the 
ear at a considerable distance. Thus, harm and arm, liear 
and ear, heat and eat, are distinguished at almost any dis- 
tance at which the voice can be heard. In English, h is 
sometimes mute, as in honor, honest; also when united 
with g, as in right, fight, brought. In which, what, who, 
whom, and some other words in which it follows w, it is 
pronounced before it, hwich, hwat, Sec. 

Hi. An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. With 
the first or long sound of a, it is used as a question, and is 
equivalent to " What do you say V When repeated, ha, 
ha, it is an expression of laughter. 

Ha, v. i. To express surprise T to hesitate. 

HaAF, n. The term used to denote the fishing of cod, ling, 
and tusk, in the Shetland isles. — Jamieson. 

HaAK (hak), n. A fish ; the hake.— Ash. 

HA-IR'KIES, n. Capillary pyrites in very delicate acicular 
crystals. — Bran de. 

Hl'BE-AS -CORPUS. [L., have the body.] A writ for de- 
livering a person from false imprisonment, or for remov- 
in? a person from one court to another, <fcc. 

HA-BEN'DUM, n. [L.] The second part of a deed or con- 
veyance (from its commencing with this word), the first 
beins: the premises. 

H AB'ER-DASH-ER, ti. A seller of small wares, confined at 
present to ribbons, tapes, pins, needles, and thread. — Smart. 

HAB'ER-DASH-ER-Y, n. The goods and wares sold by a 
haberdasher. 

HAB'ER-DlNE, n. A dried salt cod.— Ainswonh. 

HA-BER'GE-OX, n. [Fr. haubergeon.] A coat of mail or 
armor to defend the neck and breast. 

(■HAB'lLE. a. Fit: proper. — Spenser. 

HA-BIL'I-MENT, n. [Fr. habillement.] A garment; cloth- 
ing; [usually in the plural, habiliments.] 

HA-BIL'I-TATE, a. Qualified, or entitled.— Bacon. 

f HA-BIL'I-TaTE, r. t. [Fr. habiliter.] To qualify. 

f HA-BIL-I-TaTION, n. Qualification.— Bacon. 

HA-BIL'I-TY. See Ability. 

HABIT, n. [Fr. habit; Sp. Iiabito.] 1. Garb; dress; clothes 
or garments in general. 2. A coat worn by ladies over 
other garments. 3. State of any thing, implying some 
continuance or permanence ; temperament or particular 
state of a body. 4. A tendency or aptitude for the per- 
formance of certain actions, acquired by custom or a fre- 
quent repetition of the same act. — Syx.' Practice ; mode ; 
manner; way; custom. 

HAB'IT, v. t. To dress : to clothe ; to array. 

i HAB'IT, v. t. To dwell ; to inhabit— Chaucer. 

HAB-IT-A-BIL1-TY, n. Habitableness.— Bud-land. 

HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. habitabilis.] That may be inhab- 
ited or dwelt in ; capable of sustaining human beings. 

HABTT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being inhabited. 

HAB'IT- A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be habitable. 
— Forsvth. 

tHAB'IT-A-€LE, n. A dwelling: also, a niche for a statue. 

t HAB'IT- ANCE, n. Dwelling ; abode ; residence. 

HAB'IT-AN-CY, n. Legal settlement or inhabitancy. 

HAB'IT-ANT, n. [Fr. ; L. habitans.] An inhabitant ; a 
dweller ; a resident ; one who has a permanent abode in 
a place. — Pope. 

HABTT-AT ... [L.] In natural history, the natural abode 
or locality of an animal, plant, Sec. ; the place where we 
may expect to find it — Smart. 

HAB-IT-A'TION. 72. [L. habitatio.] 1. Act of inhabiting; 
state of dwelling. 2. Place of abode ; a settled dwelling, 
a mansion ; a house or other place in which man or any 
animal dwells ; a residence. 

t HABTT-A-TOR, n. [L.] A dweller ; an inhabitant. 



D-.WE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € asK; GasJ; SasZ; CHasSH; THasin this. 1 Obsolete. 



HAD 



472 



HAI 



HABIT-ED, pp. or a. 1. Clothed ; dressed. 2. Accustomed ; 
[not usual.] 

HA-BIT'U-AL (ha-bit'yu-al), a. [Fr. habitual] 1. Formed or 
acquired by habit, frequent use, or custom. 2. Custom- 
ary ; according to habit. 3. Formed by repeated impres- 
sions; rendered permanent by continued causes. — Svn. 
Customary ; accustomed ; usual ; common. 

HA-BIT'U-AL-LY, adv. By habit ; customarily ; by frequent 
practice or use. 

HABITU-AL-NESS, n. The state of being habitual. 

HA-BIT'U-ITE, v. t. [Fr. habituer.] 1. To accustom ; to 
make familiar by frequent use or practice. 2. To settle, 
as an inhabitant in a place. — Temple. 

HA-BITU-ATE, a. 1. Inveterate by custom. — Hammond. 
2. Formed by habit— Temple. 

HA-BITU-A-TED, pp. Accustomed ; made familiar by use. 

HA-BIT'U-A-TING, ppr. Accustoming ; making easy and 
familiar by practice. 

HA-BIT-U-ITION, n. The state of being habituated.— 
Dtoight. 

HAB'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. habitudo.] 1. Relation ; respect ; 
state with regard to something else.— South ; [little used.] 
2. Frequent intercourse ; familiarity ; [not usual.] 3. Cus- 
tomary manner or mode of life ; repetition of the same 
acts. 4. Custom ; habit. — Dryden. 

HIa'BLE, a. [L.habilis.] Fit; proper. — Spenser. See Able. 

HAB'NAB, adv. [hap ne hap.] At random ; by chance ; with- 
out order or rule. — Hudibras. 

HAB'RO-NEME, a. [Gr. <x6pos, delicate, and vnixa, a thread.] 
In mineralogy, having the form of fine threads. 

HAG-I-EN'DA, n. [Sp.] An isolated farm or farm-house.— 
Stephens. 

HACK, v. t. [Sax. haccan ; D. hakken.] 1. To cut irregular- 
ly and into small pieces ; to notch ; to mangle by repeated 
strokes of a cutting instrument. 2. To speak with stops 
or catches ; to speak with hesitation. — Shak. 

HACK, n. A notch ; a cut.— Shak. 

HACK, n. 1. A horse kept for hire ; a horse much used in 
draught or in hard service ; a worn-out horse ; any thing 
exposed to hire or used in common. 2. A coach or other 
carriage kept for hire. — H. More ; [from hackney.] — 3. Fig- 
uratively, a writer employed in the drudgery and details 
of book-making. 4. Hesitating or faltering speech. — More. 
5. A rack for feeding cattle ; [local.] 

HACK, a. Hired ; much used or worn, like a hired horse. 

HACK, v. i. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use 
for hire ; to turn prostitute. 2. To cough ; to make an 
effort to raise phlegm. See Hawk. 

HA€K'BER-RY, n. An American tree with a tall, straight 
trunk, and grayish, unbroken bark, covered with asperi- 
ties unequally distributed over its surface. 

HA€K2?D (hakt), pp. Chopped ; mangled ; coughed. 

HA€K'E-RY, n. A street-cart in Bengal drawn by oxen. — 
Malcom. 

HACKING, ppr. 1. Chopping into small pieces ; mangling ; 
mauling ; coughing in a broken manner. 2. a. Short and 
interrupted ; as, a Itacking cough. — Forby. 

HACK'LE (hakl), v. t. [G. hecheln.] 1. To separate the 
coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine by means of a 
hacklij or hatchel. 2. To tear asunder. — Burke. 

HACK'LE, n. 1. An instrument with teeth for separating 
the coarse part of hemp or flax from the fine ; a hatchel ; 
[the latter word is used in the United States.] 2. Raw silk ; 
any flimsy substance unspun. 3. A fly for angling, dressed 
with feathers or silk. 

HACK'LY, a. Rough ; broken as if hacked. — In mineralogy, 
having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface. 

HACK'MA-TAGK, n. The American larch, a very large 
tree, and highly prized for timber. 

HACK'NEY (hak'ne), n. [Fr. haquenee ; Sp. hacanea.] 1. A 
pad ; a nag ; a pony. 2. A horse kept for hire ; a horse 
much used. 3. A coach or other carriage kept for hire, 
and often exposed in the streets of cities. The word is 
sometimes contracted to hack. 4. Any thing much used 
or used in common ; a hireling ; a prostitute. 
HACK'NEY, a. 1. Let out for hire ; devoted to common 
use. 2. Prostitute ; vicious for hire. 3. Much used ; com- 
mon ; trite. 
HACK'NEY, v. t. 1. To use much ; to practice in ono thing ; 

to make trite. 2. To carry in a hackney-coach. 
HACK'NEY-CoACH, n. A coach for hire in cities, com- 
monly at stands in the street. 
HACK'NEY-CoACH'MAN, n. A man who drives a hack- 
ney-coach. 
HA€K'NEY.ED (hak'nid), pp. or a. 1. Used much or in 

common ; worn out. 2. Practiced ; accustomed. 
HACK'NEY-ING. ppr. Using much ; accustoming. 
HACK'NEY-MAN, n. A man who lets horses and carriages 

for hire. — Barret. 
t HACK'STER. n. A bully ; a ruffian or assassin. 
HAC'QUE-TON (hak'e-ton), n. [Fr. hoqueton.] A stuffed 

jacket. 
HAD, pret. and pp. of have. 



HAD-I-WIST. A proverbial expression, Oh. that I ha* 

hnown ! — Todd. 
tHAD'DER, n. [G. heide.] Heath. See Heath. 
HAD'DOCK, n. [Ir. codog.] A sea-fish allied to the cod, 

and esteemed excellent food. 
Ha.DE, n. 1. Among miners, the steep descent of a shaft , 
the descent of a hill. Todd.— 2. In mining, the inclination 
or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein. 
Ha'DeS, n. [Gr. aSrjS, qu. a negative, and a8(i>, to see.] The 
region of the dead ; the invisible world, or the grave. 

HADJ, n. The Mohammedan pilgrimage to Mecca. 

HiE€-CE'I-T Y, n. [L. hcec, this.] A word used by the school- 
men to denote the essence of individuality. — Smart. 

HAF'FLE, v. i. To speak unintelligibly ; to prevaricate. 

HAFT, n. [Sax. haft.] A handle ; that part of an instru- 
ment or vessel which is taken into the hand, as of a sword. 

HaFT, v. t. To set in a haft ; to furnish with a handle. 

t HaFT'ER, n. [W. hafiazo.] A caviler ; a wrangler. 

HAG, n. [Sax. h<rgesse.] 1. An ugly old woman. 2. A witch 
a sorceress ; an enchantress. 3. A fury ; a she-monster 
4. A cartilaginous fish found in the bodies of fish, which 
feeds on their substance. 5. Appearances of light and fire 
on horses' manes or men's hair were formerly called hags. 

HAG, v. t. 1. To harass ; to torment. — Butler. 2. To tire i 
to weary with vexation. 

HAG'-BORN, a. Born of a hag or witch.— Shak. 

HAG'-RID-D£N, a. Afflicted with the nightmare. 

HAG'-SEED, n. The descendant of a hag.— Shak. 

HAG'GARD, a. [G. hager.] 1. Literally, having a ragged 
look, as if hacked or gashed. Hence, lean ; meager ; 
rough ; having eyes sunk, in their orbits ; ugly. 2. Wild 
or intractable ; disposed to break away from duty, like a 
haggard or refractory hawk. — Shak. 

HAG'GARD, n. 1. An untrained or refractory hawk which 
often broke away or flew oft'. Hence, 2. Figuratively, 
any thing wild or intractable. — Shak. 3. A hag. 

HAG'GARD, n. [Sax. haga.] A stack-yard. 

HAG'GARD-LY, adv. In a haggard or ugly manner ; with 
deformity. — Dryden. 

HAG'GED, a. Lean ; ugly ; like a hag.— Gray. 

HAG'GESS, ~)n. A pudding containing the entrails of a 

HAG'GIS, ) sheep or lamb, chopped fine with herbs and 
suet, highly seasoned with leeks and spices, and boiled in 
the maw. — Perry. 

HAG'GISH, a. Of the nature of a hag ; deformed ; ugly. 

HAG'GISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a hag. 

HAG'GLE, v. t. [W. hag.] To cut into small pieces ; to 
notch or cut in an unskillful manner ; to make rough by 
cutting ; to mangle. 

HAG'GLE, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining ; to hesitate 
and cavil. See Higgle. 

HAG'GLiSD, pp. Cut irregularly into notches ; made rough 
by cutting ; mangled. 

HAG'GLER, n. 1. One who haggles. 2. One who cavils, 
hesitates, and makes difficulty in bargaining. 

HAG'GLING, ppr. or a. Hacking ; mangling ; caviling and 
hesitating in bargaining. 

HAG'GLING, n. The act of hesitating and making difficulty 
in bargaining. 

Ha'gI-XR-€HY, n. [Gr. aytos and apxn-] The sacred gov- 
ernment ; government of holy orders of men. — Southey. 

Hl-Gl-OG'RA-PHA, n. pi. [L., from Gr. dytos and ypn<pri. , 
1. Literally, sacred writings ; particularly, applied to the 
last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, 
embracing the books of Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Solomon's 
Song, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes. Esther, Daniel 
Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles. — 2. In the Roman Catho 
lie Church, the lives of the saints. 

Ha-gI-OG'RA-PHAL, a. Pertaining to the hagiographa, 
which see. 

Ha-gI-OG'RA-PHER, n. One of the writers of the hagiog- 
rapha. 

Ha-GI-OG'RA-PHY, n. See Hagiographa. 

Ha-gI-OL'O-GIST, n. One who writes or treats of the sa- 
cred writings. 

Ha-gI-OL'O-gY, n. The history or description of the sacred 
writings. — Quart. Rev. 

HAG'SHlP, n. The state or title of a hag or witch. 

HaGUE'BUT (hag'but). See Arquebuse. 

HaK An exclamation expressing surprise or effort. 

Ha-Ha', n. A fence or bank sunk between slopes, or t 
ditch not seen till close upon it. Walpole derives it fronp 
an expression of surprise at finding a sudden check t< 
progress in a walk, ha ! ha ! 

H5.IK. n. A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn bi 
Arabs over the tunic, but under the burnoose ; spelled 
also, hyke. 

HaIL, n. [Sax. hcegel or hagel.] Moisture precipitated front 
the atmosphere in the form of ice, usually in spherica 
concretions. 

HaIL, v. i. To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapors 

HaIL, v. t. To pour down in the manner of hail. — Shak. 

HaIL, a. [Sax. hal.] Healthy. [Usually written hale.] 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— F'R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY —MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



HAL 



473 



HAL 



HaIL. An exclamation, or rather a verb in the imperative 
mode, being the adjective hail, used as a verb. — Hail, be 
well ; be in health ; health to you ; a term of salutation. 

HaIL, n. A wish of health ; a salutation. — Milton. 

HAIL, v. t. To call ; to call to a person at a distance, to ar- 
rest his attention. 

HaIL'-FEL-LoW, ft. An intimate companion. 

HaIL_ED, pp. Called to from a distance ; accosted. 

HIIL'ING.^r. 1. Saluting ; calling to from a distance. 2. 
Pouring down hail. 

t HaIL'SHOT, ft. Small shot which scatter like hailstones. 

HaIL'SToNE. ft. A single mass of ice falling from a cloud. 

HaIL'Y, a. Consisting of hail. — Pope. 

HaIR, ft. [Sax. har.] 1. A small filament issuing from the 
skin of an animal, and from a bulboxis root. 2. The col- 
lection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an 
animal, and forming an integument or covering. 3. Any- 
thing very small or fine ; or a very small distance ; the 
breadth of a hair. 4. A trifling value. 5. Course ; order ; 
grain ; the hair falling in a certain direction ; [obs.] 6. 
Long, straight, and distinct filaments on the surface of 
plants ; a species of down or pubescence 

HS.IR'-BRaIN£D. See Hare-braiived. 

HaIR'-BReADTH (-bredth), n. The diameter or breadth 
of a hair ; a very small distance ; sometimes definitely, 
the forty-eighth part of an inch ; also used objectively ; as, 
a hair-breadth escape. 

HaIR'-BRUSH, n. A brush for smoothing the hair. 

HaIR'-LiNE, ft. A line made of hair. 

HaIR'-PEN-CIL, ft. A brush or pencil made of very fine 
hair for painting. — Ure. 

HaIR'-HUNG, a. Hanging by a hair. — Young. 

HITR-PrN ' [ «• A pin used in dressing the hair. 

HilR'-POW-DER, ft. A fine powder of flour for sprinkling 
the hair of the head. 

II \.IPv/-SALT, ft. [G. haar-salz.) A variety of native Epsom 
salt. Also, a compound of the sulphates of magnesia and 
iron. 

HaIR'-SPLIT-TING, a. Making very minute distinctions in 
reasoning.— Robinson. 

HaIR'-SPLIT-TING, n. The act or practice of making mi- 
nute distinctions in reasoning. 

HaIR'-WoRM, ft. A genus of fresh-water worms, resem- 
bling a long hair. 

HaIR-'BELL, n. A species of hyacinth, the harebell. 

HIIR'CLOTH, ft. Stuff" or cloth made of hair ; or in part 
with hair. 

HaIR-ED, a. Having hair. — Purchas. 

HaIR'L a CE, ft. A fillet for tying up^the hair of the head. 

HAIRLESS, a. Destitute of hair ; bald.— Shak. 

HaIR'I-NESS, ft. [from hairy.) The state of abounding or 
being covered with hair. — Joh?ison. 

HaIR'Y, a. 1. Overgrown with hair ; covered with hah" ; 
abounding with hair. 2. Consisting of hair. 3. Resem- 
bling hair ; of the nature of hair. 

HIKE, ft. A kind of sea-fish allied to the cod, but inferior 
to it as food. 

HIKE, v. i. To sneak ; to loiter ; to go about idly. — Grose. 

HAK'OT, ft. A fish. — Ainsworth. 

HAL, in some names, signifies hall. 

HAL'BERD, n. [Fr. hallebarde.] A military weapon, con- 
sisting of a pole or shaft of wood, having a head armed 
with a steel point, and formerly with a cross-piece of steel. 

HAL'BERD-SHaPJSD, a. Having the shape of a halberd. 

HAL-BERD-IeR', ft. One who is armed with a halberd. 

*HAL'CY-ON (hal'se-on), n. [L. halcyon.] The name an- 
ciently given to the king-fisher, otherwise called alcedo ; a 
bird that was said to lay her eggs in nests, on rocks near 
the sea, during the calm weather about the winter solstice. 
HAL'CY-ON, a. Calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; undisturbed ; 
happy. — Halcyon days were seven days before and as 
many after the winter solstice, when the weather was 
usually calm. — Hence, by halcyon days are now under- 
stood days of peace and tranquillity. 

HAL-CY-o'NI-AN, a. Halcyon ; calm. — Sheldon. 

HaLE, a. [Sax. hal.) Sound ; entire ; healthy ; robust ; not 
impaired. See Hail. 

\ HaLE, ft. Welfare. — Spenser. 

* HaLE or HALE, v. t. [Sw. hala; Fr. holer.] To pull or 
draw with force ; to drag. [This is now more generally 
written and pronounced haul.] See Haul. 

HaLF (haf), n. ; pi. Halves (havz). [Sax. half, or healf.) 
One part of a thing which is divided into two equal parts ; 
a moiety. 

HaLF (haf), v. t. To divide into halves. See Halve. 

HALF, ado. In part, or in an equal part or degree. 

HaLF'-BL60D (haf'blud), n. Relation between persons 
born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of 
both. [The word is sometimes used as an adjective.] 
HXLF'-BLoOD-ED, a. 1. Mean ; degenerate ; [little used.] 
2. Proceeding from a male and female, each of full blood, 
but of different breeds. 



HaLF'-BRED, a. Imperfectlv bred ; wanting in refinement. 

HaLF'-BREED, a. Half-blooded. 

HaLF-BRoTH'ER (haf-brufh'er), n. A brother by one pa- 
rent, but not by both 

HaLF'-€AP, ft. A cap not wholly put off, or faintly moved. 

HaLF'-CaSTE, n. In India, one born of a Hindoo parent 
on the one side, and of a European on the other. 

HaLF'-COCK, ft. When the cock of a gun is retained 
by the first notch, the gun is said to be at half-cock. — 
Booth. 

HaLF'-DeAD, a. Almost dead; nearly exhausted. 

HaLF'-FaCED (-faste), a. Showing only part of the face. 

HaLF'-HATCKED (-hatcht), a. Imperfectly hatched. 

HaLF'-HeARD (-herd), a. Imperfectly heard; hot heard 
to the end. 

HaLF'-HOL'I-DIY, ft. A half of a day given to children in 
schools for recreation. 

HaLF'-LeARNED, a. Imperfectly learned.— South. 

HALF'-LOST, a. Nearly lost.— Milton. 

HaLF'-MaRK, ft, A coin ; a noble, or 6s. 8d. sterling. 

HALF'-MOON, ft. 1. The moon at the quarters, when half 
its disk appears illuminated. 2. Any thing in the shape of 
a half-moon. — In fortification, an outwork composed of two 
faces, forming a salient angle, whose gorge is in the form 
of a crescent, or half-moon. 

HaLF'-NoTE, ft. In music, a minim, half a semi-breve. 

HaLF'-PaRT, ft. An equal part. — Shak. 

HaLF'-Pa Y, ft. Half the amount of wages or salary ; as, an 
officer retires on half-pay. — Smart. [It is reduced, but sel- 
dom literally half the amount.] 

HaLF'-PaY, a. Receiving or entitled to half-pay. 

* HALF'-PEN-NY (hap'pen-ny, or ha'pen-ny), n. A copper 

coin of the value of half a penny ; also, the value of half a 
penny. [It is used in the plural. J 

* HALF'-PEN-NY, a. Of the price or value of half a penny 

* HALF'-PEN NY-W6RTH, n. The value of a half-penny 
HXLF'-PlKE, n 1. A short pike carried by officers. 2. A 

short pike used in boarding ships. — Mar. Diet. 

HILF'-PlNT, ft. The half of a pint or fourth of a quart 

HaLF'-Re AD (haf '-red), a. Superficially informed by read- 
ing. — Dryden. 

HaLF'-ROUND, ft. A semicircular molding. — Gwilt. 

HaLF'-S€HOL-AR, ft. One imperfectly learned. 

HaLF'-SeAS o'VER. A low expression denoting half- 
drunk. 

HaLF'-SHIFT, ft. In violin playing, a move of the hand 
UjDWard on the instrument, to reach a high note. 

HiLF'-SIGHT'ED (haf'-sit'ed), a. Seeing imperfectly ; hav- 
ing weak discernment. — Bacon. 

HaLF-SIS'TER (haf-), ft. A sister by one parent, but no J 
by both. 

HaLF'-SPHeRE, ft. A hemisphere. — Ben Jonson. 

HaLF'-STaRVED (-starvd), a. Almost starved. 

HaLF'-STRaINED, a. Half-bred ; imperfect 

HaLF'-SWoRD (-sord), ft. Within half the length ot a 
sword ; close fight. — Shak. 

HaLF'-WaY, adv. In the middle ; at half the distance. 

HaLF'-WaY, a. Equally distant from the extremes ; as, a 
halfway house. 

HaLF'-WIT, ft. A foolish person ; a dolt ; a blockhead 

HaLF'-WIT-TED, a. Weak in intellect ; silly ; foolish. 

HaLF'-YeAR-LY, a. Two in a year ; semi-annual. 

HaLF'-Ye AR-LY, adv. Twice in a year ; semi-annually. 

t HaLF'ETN, a. Wanting half its due qualities. — Spenser. 

t HaLF'EN-DeAL, adv. [Teut halfdeel.] Nearly half. 
Spenser. 

HaLF'ER, ft. 1. One who possesses half only. 2. A male 
fallow-deer gelded. 

HAL'I-BUT, ft. A large flat-fish, whose flesh is extremely 
white and hard, and much esteemed for food. 

t HAL'I-DOM, n. [Sax. haligdome.] Adjuration by whet is 
holy.— Spenser. 

HAL'I-MaSS, ft. [Sax. halig, and mass.] The feast of Ali- 
Souls ; Hallowmas. 

HaL'ING or IIAL'ING. See Hauling. 

t HA-LIT'U-OUS, a. [L. halitus.) Like breath ; vaporous. 
Boyle. 

HALL, ft. [Sax. heal.] 1. In architecture, a large jroom at 
the entrance of a house or palace. 2. An edifice in which 
courts of justice are held ; as, Westminster Hall. 3. A 
manor-house, so called because in them courts were for 
merly held. 4. A college, or large edifice belonging to a 
collegiate institution. 5. A room for a corporation or 
public assembly ; as, a town-hall. 6. A collegiate body in 
the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. 

HAL-LE-LO'IAH ? (hal-le-lu'yli), ft, [Heb. rp ^bn, praise ye 

HAL-LE-Lu'JAH 5 Jah or Jehovah.] Praise yc Jehovah , 
give praise to God ; a word used in songs of praise, as » 
noun, or as an exclamation. 

HAL'LIARD ? (hal'yard), n. A term applied to ropes ot 

HAL'YARD 5 tackles for hoisting or lowering yards ot 
sails. 

HAL'LI-ER, ft. A kind of net for catching birds. 



D6VE ;— BULL, HNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HAM 



471 



HAN 



HAL-LOO', v. i. [This seems to belong to the family of 

call; Fr. haler f To cry out; to exclaim with a loud 

voice ; to call to by name, or by the word halloo. — Sidney. 

HAL-LOO', v.t. 1. To encourage with shouts. 2. To chase 

with shouts. 3. To call or shout to. 
HAL-LOO'. An exclamation, used as a call to invite attention. 
HAL-LOO'iNG, ppr. Crying out. 

HAL-LOO'ING, n. A loud outcry.— Smart. 

HAL'LoW, v. t. [Sax. haligan, or halgian.] L To make 
holy ; to consecrate ; to set apart for holy or religious 
use ; to sanctify. 2. To devote to holy or religious exer- 
cises ; to treat as sacred. 3. To reverence ; to honor as 
sacred. 

HAL'Lo WED, pp. or a. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to 
religious exercises ; treated as sacred ; reverenced. 

HAL'LoW-EEN, n. The evening preceding All-Hallows' or 
All-Saints' day. [Scottish.] 

HAL'LoW-ING, ppr. or a. Setting apart for sacred purpo- 
ses ; consecrating ; devoting to religious exercises ; rev- 
erencing. 

HAL'LoW-MaS, n. The feast of All-Souls. 

f HAL-Lu'CIN-aTE, v. i. [L. hallucinates.] To stumble ; to 
blunder. 

HAL-L0-CIN-A.TION, n. [L. hallucinatio.] 1. Error ; delu- 
sion. 2. A diseased state of mind, in which a person has 
a settled belief in the reality of things which have no ex- 
istence. 

HAL-Lu'CIN-A-TO-RY, a. Partaking of hallucination. 

HALM (hawm), n. [Sax. healm.] See Haum. 

Ha'LO, n. A name given to the circular or elliptical appear- 
ances surrounding the sun, moon, or other celestial body. 

HAL'O-gEN, n. [Gr. dAj and yewao).] A substance winch, 
by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt. 

HA-LOg'EN-OUS, a. Having the nature of halogen. 

Ha'LOID, a. [Gr. dAf and £«5oj.] Resembling a salt. — In 
chemistry, the term haloid salt is applied to binary com- 
pounds containing chlorine, iodine, and the allied ele- 
ments. Common salt, which is a chlorid of sodium, is a 
haloid salt. — Berzelius. 

tHALSE (hawls), n. [Sax. hals.] The neck or throat. — 
Spenser. 

*HALSE, v. i. To embrace about the neck ; to adjure ; to 
greet. 

t HAL'SEN-ING, a. Sounding harshly in the throat or 
tongue. — Carew. 

HALS'ER (haws'er), n. A large rope of a size between the 
cable and the tow-line. See Hawser. 

HALT, v. i. [Sax. healt.] 1. To stop in walking ; to hold ; 
[this sense is retained in military usage ; as, lialt !] 2. To 
limp ; that is, to stop with lameness. 3. To hesitate ; to 
stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do. 4. To 
fail ; to falter. 

HALT, v. t. To stop ; to cause to cease marching ; [a mili- 
tary term.] — Washington. 

HALT, a. [Sax. healt.] Lame ; that is, holding or stopping 
in walking. 

HALT, n. 1. A stopping ; a stop in marching. 2. The act 
of limping. 

HALTED, pp. Stopped. 

HALT'ER, n. One who halts or limps. 

HALTER, n. [G. halter.] 1. A rope or strap and headstall 
for leading or confining a horse. 2. A rope for hanging 
malefactors. 3. A 6trong cord or string. 

HALT'ER, v. t. To put a halter on. 2. To catch and hold, 
or to bind with a rope or cord. 

HALT'ERJED, pp. Caught or bound with a rope. 

HALTER-ING,j>pr. Putting on a halter ; catching; binding. 

HALTING, ppr. or a. Stopping ; limping. 

HALTING, n. The act of stopping or faltering. 

HALT'ING-LY, adv. With limping ; slowly. 

HaLVE (hav), v. t. [from half.] To divide into two equal 
parts. 

HALVED, a. In botany, hemispherical ; covering one side ; 
placed on one side. 

HALVES (havz). n. ; pi. of half. Two equal parts of a 
thing. — To cry halves, is to claim an equal share. — To go 
halves, is to have an equal share. 

HALVING (having), ppr. Dividing into two equal parts. 

HAL'YARD, n. See Halliard. 

HAM. [Sax. ham, a house.] Our modern word home, [G. 
heim.] It is used in hamlet, and in the names of places, as 
in Walt-ham, wood-house ; wait, a wood, and ham, a house. 

HAM, n. [Sax. ham.] 1. The inner or hind part of the knee ; 
the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh and the 
leg of an animal. 2. The thigh of a beast, particularly of 
a hog, salted and dried in smoke. 

HAMA"-DRY-AD, n. [Gr. a pa and Spvs-] A wood nymph. — 
Spectator. 

Ha'MATE, a. [L. hamaius.] Hooked ; entangled. 

Ha'Ma-TED, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked or set with hooks. — 
Swift. 

t HAM'BLE, v. t. [Sax. hamelan.] To hamstring. 

H5.MES, n. pi. [G. kummet.] Two pieces of wood or iron 



fastened to a horse's collar, to which the harness is attach 
ed, by which he draws. — Holloway. 

HaME'-SUCK-JEN, n. In Scottish law, the violent seeking 
andinvasion of a person in his own house. — Bouvier. 

Ha'MiTE, n. The fossil remains of a curved shell ; an ex- 
tinct species of cephalopods. — Mantell. 

HAM'LET, n. [Sax. ham ; Fr. hameau.] A small village ; a 
little cluster of houses in the country. 

HAM'LET-ED, a. Accustomed to a hamlet, or to a country 
life. — Feltham. 

HAM'MER, n. [Sax. hamer.] 1. An instrument for driving 
nails, beating metals, and the like. 2. A piece of steel 
covering the pan of a musket-lock. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

HAM'MER, v. t. 1. To beat with a hammer. 2. To form 
or forge with a hammer ; to shape by beating. 3. To 
work in the mind ; to contrive by intellectual labor. 

HAM'MER, v. i. 1. To work ; to be busy ; to labor in con- 
trivance. 2^ To be working or in agitation. 

HAM'MER-BeAM, n. In Gothic architecture, a beam acting 
as a tie at the feet of a pair of principal rafters, but not ex 
tending so as to connect the opposite sides. — Gwilt. 

HAM'MER-CLOTH, n. The cloth which covers a coach- 
box. — Pegge. 

HAM'MER-HaRD, n. Iron or steel hardened by hammer 
ing. — Moxon. 

HAM'MER-MAN, n. One who beats or works with a 
hammer. 

HAM'MER-W6RT, n. An herb.— Todd. 

HAM'MER- A-BLE, a. That may be shaped tjy a hammer, 
— Sherwood. 

HAM'MER£D, pp. or a. Beaten with a hammer. 

HAM'MER-ER, n. One who works with a hammer. 

HAM'MER-ING, ppr. Beating with a hammer ; working ; 
contriving. 

HAM'MER-ING, n. The act of beating with a hammer. 

HAM'MOCK, n. [Sp. hamaca.] A kind of hanging bed, sus- 
pended between trees or posts, or by hooks. 

HAM-MO-€HRf'SOS, n. [Gr. ct^os and xpvcoS-] A stone 
with spangles of gold color. 

Ha'MOUS, [L. hamus.] Hooked ; having the end hooked 
or curved. [A term of botany.] 

HAM'PER, n. [contracted from hanaper.] 1. A large basket 
for conveying things to market, &c. 2. Fetters, or some 
instrument that shackles. 

HAM'PER, v. t. 1. To shackle ; to entangle ; hence, to im- 
pede in motion or progress, or to render progress difficult 
— Tillolson. 2. To insnare ; to inveigle ; to catch with 
allurements. 3. To tangle ; to render complicated. 4. 
To perplex ; to embarrass. 

HAMTER.ED, pp. Shackled ; entangled ; insnared ; per 
plexed. 

HAM'PER-ING, ppr. Shackling ; entangling ; perplexing. 

HAM'STER, n. [G. hamster.] A species of rat, common in 
some parts of Europe and Asia, having two cheek-pouch- 
es for holding grain. 

HAM'STRING, n. The tendons of the ham.— Wiseman. 

HAM'STRING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hamstrung, or hamstringed. 
To cut the tendons of the ham, and thus to lame or disable. 

HAM'STRING-ING, ppr. Cutting the tendons of the ham, 
and thus disabling. 

HAM'STRUNG, pp. Disabled by having the tendons of the 
ham cut. 

HAN, for have, in the plural. — Spenser. 

HAN'A-PER, n. [Noi'm. hanap.] The hanaper was a kind 
of basket used in early days by the kings of England, for 
holding and carrying with them their money, as they 
journeyed from place to place ; hence, treasury. — The 
clerk of the hanaper, in England, receives all money due to 
the king for the seals of charters, patents, writs, and com 
missions. — P. Cyc. 

I HAUNCE S for enhance - See Enhance. 

HAN'CES, n. pi. [L. ansa.] 1. In architecture, the ends of 
elliptical arches. — 2. In a ship, falls of the fife-rails placed 
on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to the 
gangway. 

HaNCH, n. See Haunch. 

HAND, n. [Sax. hand, hond; G. and D. hand.] 1. In man, 
the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fin- 
gers, connected with the arm at the wrist. — 2. In falconry, 
the foot of a hawk ; and, in the manege, the fore-foot of a 
horse. 3. A measure of four inches ; a palm. 4. Side ; 
part, right or left ; as, it is admitted on all hands. So, to 
be on the mending hand, is to be on the side of recovery 
from illness. 5. Act ; deed ; performance ; external ac- 
tion ; that is, the effect for the cause, the hand being the 
instrument of action. 6. Power of performance ; skill. 
7. Power of making or producing. 8. Manner of acting 
or performance. 9. Agency ; part in performing or exe- 
cuting. 10. Conveyance ; agency in transmitting. 11. 
Possession ; power. 12. The cards held at a game ; hence, 
a game. 13. An index, or that which performs the office 
of the hand or of a finger in pointing ; as, the hands of a 



-See Synopsis. A, E, I. &c, lang.—L t t &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



HAN 



475 



HAN 



watch. 14. A per9on ; an agent ; a man employed in 
agency or service. 15. Form of writing ; style of pen- 
manship. 16. Agency ; service ; ministry. 17. Rate ; 
price ; conditions ; as, " bought at a dear hand." — Ba- 
con; [obs.] 

At hand. 1. Near ; either pi esent and within reach, or not 
far distant. 2. Near in time ; not distant. — In hand. 1. 
Present payment ; in respect to the receiver. 2. In a 
state of execution. — On hand. 1. In present possession. 
2. Under one's care or management. — Offhand, without 
delay, hesitation, or difficulty ; immediately ; dextrously ; 
without previous preparation. — Out of hand. 1. Ready 
payment ; with regard to the payer. 2. At once ; direct- 
ly. — To his hand, to my hand, &c., in readiness ; already 
prepared ; ready to be received. — Under his hand, under 
her hand, &c, with the proper writing or signature of the 
name. — Hand over head, negligently ; rashly ; without see- 
ing what one does. Bacon.— Hand over hand, by passing 
the hands alternately one before or above another, as to 
climb hand over hand; also, rapidly, as to come up with a 
chase hand over hand; [used by seamen.'] Mar. Diet. — 
Hand to hand, in close union ; close fight. — Hand in hand, 
in union ; conjointly ; unitedly. — To join hand in hand, is 
to unite efforts and act in concert: — Hand in hand, fit ; 
pat; suitable. Shak. — Hand to mouth. To five from hand 
to mouth, is to obtain food and other necessaries as want 
requires. — To bear in hand, to keep in expectation ; to 
elude. Shak. ; [obs.] — To bear a hand, to hasten ; [a sea- 
man's phrase.] — To lend a hand, to give assistance. — To be 
hand and glove, to be intimate and familiar. — To set the 
hand to, to engage in ; to undertake. — To take in hand, to 
attempt ; to undertake. — To take one in hand, to lay hold 
of or deal with. — To have a hand in, to be concerned in ; 
to have a part or concern in doing ; to have an agency in. 
— To put the last hand or finishing hand to, to complete ; 
to perfect. — To change hands, to change sides ; to shift ; 
to change owners. — A heavy hand, severity or oppression. 
— A light hand,, gentleness ; moderation. — A strict hand, 
severe discipline ; rigorous government. — Hands off, a 
vulgar phrase for keep off", forbear. — In Scripture, to wash 
the hands, to profess innocence. — To kiss the hand, imports 
adoration. — To lean on the hand imports familiarity. — To 
strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for 
another's debt or good behavior. — Putting the hand under 
the thigh was an ancient ceremony used in swearing. — To 
give the hand is to make a covenant with one, or to unite 
with him in design. — Clean hands denotes innocence and 
a blameless and holy life. Ps. xxiv. — A slack hand de- 
notes idleness ; carelessness ; sloth. — The right hand de- 
notes power ; strength. 

HAND, v. t. 1. To give or transmit with the hand. 2. To 
lead, guide, and lift with the hand ; to conduct. 3. To 
manage. 4. To seize ; to lay hands on ; [not used.] — 5. 
In seamanship, to furl ; to wrap or roll a sail close to the 
yard, stay, or mast, and fasten it with gaskets. — To hand 
down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or 
from predecessor to successor. 

HAND'-BALL, n. An ancient game with a ball. 

HAND'-BAR-RoW, n. A barrow or vehicle borne by the 
hands of men, and without a wheel. 

HAND'-BaSK-ET, n. A small or portable basket. 

HAND'-BELL, n. A small bell rung by the hand , a table- 
bell. — Bacon. 

HAND'-BLoW, n. [hand and blow.] A blow or stroke with 
the hand. 

HAND'-BReADTH, n. A space equal to the breadth of the 
hand : a palm. — Exod., xxv. 

HAND'-BOOK, n. A book for the hand ; a manual; a name 
applied frequently to a guide-book for travelers. 

HAND'-BoW, n. A bow managed by the hand. 

HAND'-€LOTH. n. A handkerchief. 

HAND'-FET-TER, n. A fetter for the hand ; a manacle. 

HAND'-GAL-LOP, n. A slow and easy gallop, in which the 
hand presses the bridle to hinder increase of speed. 

HAKD'-GLaSS, n. In gardening, a glass used for placing 
over, protecting, and forwarding various plants in winter. 

HAND'-GRE-NaDE', n. A grenade to be thrown by the 
hand. 

HAND'-GUN n. A gun to be used by the hand. 

f HAND'-L AN"GUA6E (-lang-gwaje), n. The art of convers- 
ing by the hands. 

HAND'-LeAD, n. A small lead for sounding. 

HAND'-LOOM, n. A loom which is worked by hand. 

HAND'-MILL, n. A mill worked by the hand.— Dryden. 

HAND'-RaIL, n. A rail supported by balusters, &c, as in 
staircases. — Gwilt. 

HAND'-SaILS, n. pi. Sails managed by the hand. 

HAND'-SAW, n. A saw to be used with the hand. In the 
proverb. " not to know a hawk from a hand-saw," denoting 
great ignorance, hand-saw is a corruption of heron-shaw, 
i.e., the heron, which see. — Todd's Shak. 

HXND'-SGREW (-skru), n. An engine for raising heavy 
timbers or weights ; a jack. 



HAND'-SPlKE, n. A bar, usually of wood, used with ttie 
hand as a lever for various purposes. 

HAND'-STaFF, n. ; pi. Hand-staffs. A javelin. 

HAND'-ViCE, n. A small vice used by hand. 

HAND'-WeAP-ON (-wep-n), n. Any weapon to be wielded 
by the hand. — Numb., xxxv. 

HAND-WING.ED, a. Cheiropterous, a term in natural his 
tory, used in application to the family of bats. — Kirby. 

HAND'-WORK, n. Work done by the hands. 

HAND'GRaFT, n. [Sax. handcraft.] 1. Manual occupation , 
work performed by the hand. — Addison. 2. A man who 
obtains his living by manual labor ; one skilled in some 
mechanical art. — Dryden. [Usually spelled handicraft; 
but better handcraft, as in the Saxon.] 

HAND'€RaFT8-MAN, n. A man skilled or employed in 
manual occupation ; a manufacturer. — Swift. 

HAND'GUFF, n. [Sax. handcopse.] A name given to man- 
acles, consisting of iron rings for the wrists. 

HAND'GUFF, v. t. To manacle ; to confine the hands with 
handcuffs. 

HAND'GUFFjED (-kuft), pp. Manacled ; confined by hand- 
cuffs. 

HAND'ED, pp. Given or transmitted by the hands ; con- 
ducted ; furled. 

HAND'ED, a. 1. With hands joined. Milton. — 2. In com- 
position, as right-handed, most dextrous or strong with 
the right hand. — Left-handed, having the left hand most 
strong and convenient for principal use. 

HAND'ER, n. One who hands or transmits. 

t HAND FAST, n. Hold ; custody ; power of confining or 
keeping. 

t HAND'FaST, a. Fast by contract ; betrothed by joining 
hands. See the verb. 

t HAND'FaST, v. t. [Sax. handfeestan.] To pledge ; to be- 
troth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the 
celebration of marriage. — Jamieson. 

IHAND'FaST-ING, n. A kind of betrothing by joining 
hands, in order to cohabitation before marriage. 

HAND'FUL, n. 1. As much as the hand will grasp or con- 
tain. 2. As much as the arms will embrace." 3. A palm ; 
four inches ; [obs.] 4. A small quantity or number. 5. 
As much as can be done ; full employment. — Raleigh. 

HAND'GRTPE, n. [hand and gripe.] A" gripe or seizure and 
pressure with the hand. — Hudibras. 

HAND'I-GRaFT, n. [Sax. handcraft.] 1. Manual occupa- 
tion ; work performed by the hand. 2. A man who ob- 
tains his living by manual labor ; one skilled in some me- 
chanical art. See Handckaft. 

HAND'I-GRaFTS-MAN, n. A man skilled or employed in 
manual occupation ; a manufacturer. See Handcrafts- 
man. 

HAND'I-LY, adv. 1. With dexterity or skill ; dextrously ; 
adroitly. 2. With ease or convenience. 

HAND'I-NESS, n. The ease of performance derived from 
practice ; dexterity ; adroitness. — Chesterfield. 

HANDING, ppr. Giving with the hand. 

HAND1-W6RK (-wurk), n. [for hand-work.] 1. Work of 
the hands ; product of manual labor ; manufacture. 2. 
Work performed by power and wisdom. 

HAND'KER-CHIEF (hank'er-chif), n.' [hand and kerchief] 
1. A piece of cloth, usually silk or linen, carried about the 
person for the purpose of cleaning the face or hands, as 
occasion requires. 2. A piece of cloth to be worn about 
the neck, and sometimes called a neckerchief 

HAND'LE, v. f. [G. handeln.] 1. To touch ; to feel with the 
hand ; to use or hold with the hand. 2. To manage ; to 
use ; to wield, as a tool or instrument. 3. To make fa- 
miliar by frequent touching. 4. To treat ; to discourse 
on ; to discuss ; to use or manage in writing or speaking, 
as a subject of discourse. 5. To use ; to deal w ; th ; to 
practice. 6. To treat ; to use well or ill. 7. To manage ; 
to practice on ; to transact with. — SJiak. 

HAND'LE, n. [Sax. : qu. L. ansa.] 1. That part of a vessel 
or instrument which is held in the hand when used, as 
the haft of a sword. 2. That of which use is made ; the 
instrument of eftectine a purpose. 

HAND'LE-A-BLE (-1-a-bl), a. That may be handled.— Sher- 
wood. 

HANDLED,^/?. Touched; treated: managed. 

HAND'LESS, a. Without a hand.— Shak. 

HAND'LING. ppr. Touching; feeling: treating; managing. 

HAND'LING, n. A touching or use by the hand ; a treating 
in discussion. 

HAND'Ma!D, In. A maid that waits at hand ; a female 

HAND'MaID-£N, ) servant or attendant. 

HAND'SEL, n. [Dan. handsel] 1. The first act of using any 
thing ; the first sale. 2. An earnest ; money for the first 
sale. — Hooker ; [little used.] 

HAND'SEL, v. t. To use or do any thing the first time. 

HAND'SEI..ED, pp. Used or done for the first time. 

HAND'S6ME (han'sum), a. [D. handzaam.] 1. Properly, dex- 
trous ; ready; convenient. — Spenser. [See Hand\.| 2. 
Moderately beautiful, as the person or other thing; well 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'ClOUS.— € as K . 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in 



Obsolete. 



HAN 



476 



HAR 



made; ha ring symmetry of parts ; well formed; pretty. 
It expresses less than beautiful or elegant. 3. Graceful in 
manner ; marked with propriety and ease. 4. Ample ; 
large, as an estate. 5. Neat ; correct ; moderately elegant. 
6. Liberal ; generous ; as, a handsome offer. 
HAND'SdME, as a verb, to render neat or beautiful, is not 

an authorized word. — Donne. 
HAND'SdME-LY, adv. 1. Dextrously; cleverly; with skill. 
2. Gracefully; with propriety and ease. 3. Neatly; with 
due symmetry or proportions. 4. With a degree of beauty. 
5. Amply ; generously ; liberally. 

HAND'S6ME-NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of beauty or 
elegance. 2. Grace ; gracefulness ; ease and propriety in 
manner. 

HAND'STRoKE, n. {hand and stroke.] A blow or stroke 
given by the hand. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

HAND'WRlT-ING, n. 1. The cast or form of writing pe- 
culiar to each hand or person. 2. Any writing. 

HAND'Y, a. [D. handig.] 1. Performed by the hand ; [obs.) 
2. Dextrous ; ready ; adroit ; skillful ; skilled to use the 
hands with ease in performance. 3. Ingenious ; perform- 
ing with skill and readiness. 4. Ready to the hand ; near. 
5. Convenient; suited to the use of the hand. 6. Near; 
that may be used without difficulty or going to a distance. 
— Holloway. 

HAND'Y-DAN-DY, n. A play among children, in which 
something is shaken between two hands, and then a guess 
is made in which hand it is retained. — Todd. 

HAND'Y-STRoKE, n. A blow inflicted by the hand. 

HANG, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hanged or hung. [Sax. hangan.] 
1. To suspend ; to fasten to some fixed object above, in 
such a manner as to swing or move. 2. To put to death 
by suspending by the neck. 3. To place without any solid 
support or foundation. 4. To fix in such a manner as to 
be movable ; as, to hang a gate. 5. To cover or furnish 
by any thing suspended or fastened to the walls ; as, hung 
with spoils. Dryden. — To hang out. 1. To suspend in 
open view ; to display ; to exhibit to notice. 2. To hang 
abroad; to suspend in the open air. — To hang down, to let 
fall below the proper situation ; to bend down ; to decline. 
— To hang vp. 1. To suspend ; to place on something 
fixed on high. 2. To suspend ; to keep or sutler to re- 
main undecided. — To hang fire, a. term used when, on 
pulling the trigger of a gun, the charge does not rapidly 
ignite. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

EIANG, v. i. 1. To be suspended ; to be sustained by some- 
thing above, so as to swing or be movable below. 2. To 
dangle ; to be loose and flowing below. 3. To bend for- 
ward or downward ; to lean or incline. 4. To float ; to 
play. — Prior. 5. To be supported by something raised 
above the ground ; as, a hanging garden. — Addison. 6. 
To depend ; to rest on something for support. 7. To rest 
on by embracing ; to cling to. 8. To hover ; to impend ; 
with over. 9. To be delayed ; to linger. — Milton. 10. To 
incline ; to have a steep declivity ; as, hanging grounds. — 
Mortimer. 11. To be executed by the halter. — To hang 
on or upon. 1. To adhere to, often as something trouble- 
some and unwelcome. 2. To be suspended in fixed at- 
tention and interest; as, to hang upon one's words. 3. 
To adhere obstinately ; to be importunate. 4. To rest ; to 
reside ; to continue, as sleep on the eyelids. 5. To be de- 
pendent on. — 6. In seamen's language, to hold fast without 
belaying; to pull forcibly. — To hang over, to extend or 
project from above. — To hang in doubt, to be in suspense, 
or in a state of uncertainty. — To hang together. 1. To be 
closely united ; to cling. 2. To be just united, so as barely 
to hold together. Shak. — To hang on or upon, to drag ; to 
be incommodiously joined. — To hang to, to adhere closely ; 
to cling. 

HANG, n. A sharp declivity. [Colloquial.] 

HANG'-BiRD, n. A name familiarly given, in America, to 
the Baltimore oriole, from the peculiar construction of its 
nest, which is suspended from the limb of a tree. 

FIANG'-DOG, n. A term of reproach for one of a base and 
degraded character, as if fit only to be the hangman of 
dogs. 

HANG'-NEST, n. The name of certain birds which suspend 
their ne^ts from trees, or the nests of such birds. 

HANG'BY, n. A dependent. — Ray. [In contempt.] 

HANGED, pp. Suspended ; put to death by being suspend- 
ed by the neck. 

IIANG'ER, n. 1. That by which a thing is suspended. 2. 
A short broad-sword, incurvated toward the point. 3. 
One who hangs, or causes to be hanged. 

HA.NG'ER-ON, n. One who besets another importunately 
in soliciting favors. 2. A dependent; one who eats and 
drinks without payment. 

HANGING, ppr. 1. Suspending to something above. 2. 
Being suspended ; dangling ; swinging. 3. a. Foreboding 
death by the halter. 4. Requiring punishment by the halter. 

HANGING, n. 1 A term applied to linings for rooms of 
arras, tapestry, paper, &c. 2. Death by the halter. 3. 
Display ; exhibition. 



t HANGTNG-SLEEVES, n. pi. Strips of the same stuff with 

the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. 
HANG'ING-SlDE, n. In mining, the overhanging side of 

an inclined or hading vein. — Cyc. 
HANG'MAN, n. One who hangs another ; a public execu- 
tioner ;_ also, a term of reproach. 
HANG'NaIL, n. A small piece or sliver of skin which hangs 

from the root of a finger-nail. — Holloway. 
HANK, ?i. [Dan. hank.] 1. A name given to two or more 
skeins of silk or thread tied together. — 2. In ships, a name 
given to rings of wood, &c, fixed on stays, to confine ife«» 
sails when hoisted. — Totten. 3. A rope or withy for i\s|- 
ening a gate : [local] + 

HANK, v. t. To form into hanks. 

HANKER, v. i. [D. hunkeren.] 1. To long for with a keen 
appetite and uneasiness. 2. To have a vehement desiie 
of something, accompanied with uneasiness. 
HANKER-ING, ppr. or a. Longing for with keen appetite 

or ardent desire. 
HANKER-ING, n. A keen appetite that causes uneasiness 

rill it is gratified : vehement desire to possess or enjoy. 
HANKER-IN G-LY, adv. In a hankering manner ; eagerly. 
\ HANK'LE, v. t. [See Hank.] To twist. 
HANSE TOWNS. Hanse signifies a society ; Goth, hansa, 
a multitude. The Hanse towns, in Germany, were certain 
commercial cities which associated for the protection of 
commerce as early as the twelfth century. 
HAN-SE-ATTG, a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns. 
HAN'SARD, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. 

MCulloch. 
HaN'T. A vulgar contraction of have not, or has not. 
HAP, n. [ W. hap or liab.] 1. That which comes suddenly or 
unexpectedly ; chance ; fortune ; accident ; casual event 
2. Misfortune ; [obs.] 
t HAP, v. i. To happen ; to befall ; to come by chance 
HAP-HAZ'ARD, n. [See Hazard. J Chance ; accident. 
HAPLESS, a. Luckless ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; unhappy. 

— Dryden. 
HAP'LY, adv. 1. By chance ; perhaps ; it may be. 2. By 

accident ; casually. — Milton. 
HAPTEN (hap'n), v. i. [W. hapiaw.] 1. To come by 
chance ; to come without one's previous expectation ; tc 
fall out ; to chance. 2. To come ; to befall. 3. To light - 
to fall or come unexpectedly. 
HAPTEN-ING, ppr. Coming or falling ; befalling. 
HAP'PI-LY, adv. 1. By good fortune ; with success. 2. In 
a happy state ; in a state of felicity. 3. With address or 
dexterity ; in a manner to insure success. 4. By chance. 
[See Haply.] — Syn. Fortunately ; luckily ; successfully ; 
prosperously ; dextrously ; felicitously ; gracefully. 
HAP'PI-NESS, n. 1. The agreeable sensations which spring 
from the enjoyment of good ; that state of a being in which 
his desires are gratified; felicity; but happiness usually 
expresses less than felicity, and felicity less than bliss. 2. 
Good luck ; good fortune. 3. Fortuitous elegance ; un- 
studied grace. — Pope. 
HAP'PY, a. [from hap; W. hapus.] 1. Lucky; fortunate; 
successful. 2. Being in the enjoyment of agreeable sen- 
sations from the possession of good ; enjoying pleasure 
from the gratification of appetites or desires. 3. Prosper- 
ous ; having secure possession of good. 4. That supplies 
pleasure ; that furnishes enjoyment ; agreeable. 5. Dex- 
trous ; ready ; able ; skillful ; as, happy at a reply. — Swift. 
6. Blessed ; enjoying the presence and favor of God in a 
future life. 7. Harmonious ; living in concord ; enjoying 
the pleasures of friendship. 8. Propitious ; favorable. — 
Shak. 
HAP'PY-MaK'ING, a. Making happy.— Milton. 
HXQUE'BUT, n. An arquebuse or hand-gun. — Brande. 
HAR, } [Sax. here; G. heer ; D. heir.] In composition, sig- 
HARE, > nify an army. So Harold is a <*eneial of an 
HERE. > army. 

HA-RANGUE' (ha-rang"), n. [Fr. harangue.^ \ A speech 

addi'essed to an assembly or an army ; a popular oration ; 

a public address. 2. Declamation ; a noisy, pompous, or 

irregular address. 

HA-RANGUE' (ha-rang'), v. i. To make an address or speech 

to a large assembly ; to make a noisy speech. 
HA-RANGUE' (ha-rang'), v. t. To address by oration ; as 

the general harangued the troops. 
HA-RANGUED' (-ranger), pp. Addressed by oration. 
HA-RANGUE'FUL, a. Full of harangue. 
HA-RANG'UER (ha-rang'er). n. An orator ; one who ad 

dresses an assembly or an army ; a noisy declaimer. 
HA-RANG'UING, ppr. Declaiming ; addressing with noisy 

eloquence. 
HARASS, v. t. [Fr. harasser.] 1. To fatigue with bodily la- 
bor. 2. To fatigue with importunity, care, or perplexity 
3. To waste or desolate ; [obs.] — Syn. To weary ; jade ; 
tire ; perplex ; distress ; tease ; vex ; molest ; trouble , 
disturb. 
HARASS, n. Waste; disturbance; devastation. [Littleused. 
HARASSED (har'ast), pp. Wearied ; tired ; teased. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, lo?ig.—K. e, I, Sue., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



HAR 



477 



HAR 



HAR'ASS-ER, n. One who harasses or teases ; a spoiler. 

HAR'ASS-ING, ppr. or a. Tiring ; fatiguing ; teasing. 

HaRBIN-gER, n. 1. In England, an officer of the king's 
household, who rides a day's journey before the court 
when traveling, to provide lodgings and other accommo- 
dations. 2. A forerunner ; a precursor ; that which pre- 
cedes and gives notice of the expected arrival of some- 
thing else. 

HaR'BIN-gER.ED, a. Preceded by a harbinger. 

HaR'BOR, n. [Sax. here-berga ; D. herberg ; Dan., Sw., G. 
herberge.] 1. A lodging ; a place of entertainment and 
rest. — Dryden. 2. A port or haven for ships. 3. An asy- 
lum ; a shelter ; a place of safety from storms or danger. 

HaR'BOR. v. t. 1. To shelter ; to secure ; to secrete. 2. 
To entertain ; to permit to lodge, rest, or reside. 

HaR'BOR, v. i. 1. To lodge or abide for a time ; to receive 
entertainment. 2. To take shelter. 

HaK'BOR-MaS-TER, n. An officer who has charge of the 
mooring of ships, and executes the regulations respecting 
harbors. [New York.] 

\ HIR'BOR-AgE, n. Shelter ; entertainment.— Shah. 

HARBORED, pp. Entertained ; sheltered. 

HSR'BOR-ER, n. One who entertains or shelters another. 

HAR'BOR-ING.pjw. Entertaining; sheltering. 

HaR'BOR-LESS, a. Without a harbor ; destitute of shelter 
or a lodging. 

f HaR'BoR-o UGH (-bur-ro), 72. A harbor or lodging. 

\ HaR'BOR-OUS, a. Hospitable. 

HaRD, a. [Sax. heard.] 1. Firm ; solid ; compact ; not 
easily penetrated, or separated into parts ; not yielding to 
pressure. 2. Difficult ; not easy to the intellect. 3. Diffi- 
cult of accomplishment ; not easy to be done or executed. 

4. Full of difficulties or obstacles ; not easy to be traveled. 

5. Painful; difficult; distressing. 6. Laborious; fatiguing; 
arduous ; attended with difficulty or pain, or both. 7. Op- 
pressive ; rigorous ; severe ; cruel. 8. Unfeeling ; insensi- 
ble ; not easily moved by pity ; not susceptible of tender 
affections. 9. Severe ; harsh ; rough ; abusive. 10. Un- 
favorable ; unkind ; implying blame of another. 11 . Se- 
vere ; rigorous ; oppressive. 12. Unreasonable ; unjust. 
13. Severe ; pinching with cold ; rigorous ; tempestuous ; 
as, a hard winter. 14. Powerful ; forcible ; urging ; press- 
ing close on. — L' Estrange. 15. Austere; rough; acid; 
sour, as liquors. 16. Harsh; stiff; forced; constrained; 
unnatural. 17. Not plentiful ; not prosperous ; pressing ; 
distressing ; as, hard times. 18. Avaricious ; difficult in 
making bargains ; close. 19. Rough ; coarse ; as, hard fea- 
tures. 20. Austere ; severe ; rigorous. 21. Rude ; unpol- 
ished or unintelligible. 22. Coarse; unpalatable or scanty. 
— Hard water is that which contains some mineral sub- 
stance that decomposes soap, and thus renders it unfit for 
washing. 

H 'iRD, adv. 1. Close ; near ; as in the phrase, hard by. 2. 
With pressure ; with urgency ; hence, diligently ; labori- 
ously ; earnestly ; vehemently ; importunately. 3. With 
difficulty. 4. Uneasily ; vexatiously ; as, things go hard. 
5. Closely ; as, to press hard. 6. Fast ; nimbly ; "rapidly ; 
vehemently. 7. Violently ; with great force ; tempestu- 
ously. 8. With violence ; with a copious descent of wa- 
ter. 9. With force. — Hard-a-lee, in seamen's language, an 
order to put the helm close to the lee side of the ship, to 
tack or keep her head to the wind ; also, that situation of 
the helm. — Hard-a-weather, an order to put the helm close 
to the" weather or windward side of the ship ; also, that 
position of the helm. — Hard-a-port, an order to put the 
helm close to the larboard side of a ship. — Hard-a-star- 
board, an order to put the helm close to the starboard side 
of a ship. 

HaRD'-BE-SETTING, a. Closely besetting or besieging.— 
Milton. 

HaRD'-BOUND, a. Costive ; fast or tisht.— Pope. 

HXRD'-DRINK'ER, n. One who drinks to excess. 

HaRD'-DKINK'ING, ti. Drinking to excess. 

HaRD'-eARN£D, a. Earned with toil and difficulty.— 
Burke. _ 

HaRD'-Fa-VOR.ED, a. Having coarse features ; harsh of 
countenance. — Dryden. 

HaRD'-Fa-VORED-NESS, n. Coarseness of features. 

HaRD'-FeAT-URjEJD, a. Having coarse features. 

HaED'-FIST-ED, a. 1. Having hard or strong hands, as a 
laborer. 2. Close-fisted; covetous. — Hall 

HXRD'-FOUGHT (-fawt), a. Vigorously contested. 

HaRD'-GOT-T£N, a. Obtained with diffic\xlty. 

HaRD'-HAND-ED, a. Having hard hands, as a laborer. 

HaRD'-HeAD, k. Clash or collision of heads in contest. 

HaRD'-HEaRT'ED, a. Cruel; pitiless; merciless; unfeel- 
ing : inhuman ; inexorable ; barbarous ; savage ; unmer- 
ciful. — Dryden. 

HaRD'-UKaRT'ED-LY, adv. In a hard-hearted manner. 

HaRD'-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or tender- 
ness ; cruelty : inhumanity. — South. 

HaRD'-L a'BOKED, a. Wrought with severe labor ; elabo- 
rated ; studied. — Swift. 

DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as 



Not sensible to the bit ; not easily 
Having a hard nib or point 
coarse features : of a harsh 



HaRD'-MOUTHED, a. 
governed . — Dryden. 

HaRD'-NIBB.ED (-nibd), a. 

HaRD'-PAN. See Pan, No. 4. 

HaRD'-VIS-A<J£D, a. Having 
countenance. — Burke. 

HaRD'-WON (-wun), a. Won with difficulty.— Scott. 

HaRD'-W6RK-ING, a. Laboring hard. 

HaRD'BeAM. n. A tree of the genus carpinns, so called 
from its compact, horny texture ; the horn-beam. 

HaRD'.EN (hard'n), v. t. 1. To make hard or more hard, 
to make firm or compact ; to indurate. 2. To confirm in 
effrontery ; to make impudent. 3. To make obstinate, 
unyielding, or refractory. 4. To confirm in wickedness, 
opposition, or enmity ; to make obdurate. 5. To make in- 
sensible or unfeeling. 6. To make firm; to endue with 
constancy. 7. To inure ; to render firm or less liable to 
injury by exposure or use. 

HaRD'£N (hard'n), v. i. 1 To become hard or more hard , 
to acquire solidity or more compactness. 2. To become 
unfeeling. 3. To become inured. 4. To indurate, as flesh. 

HaRD'_ENjED, pp. or a. Made hard, or more hard or com- 
pact ; made obstinate ; confirmed in error or vice. — Syn. 
Callous ; obdurate ; unfeeling ; unsusceptible ; insensible ; 
impenetrable ; hard. 

HaRD'.EN-ER, n. He or that wluch makes hard, or more 
firm and compact. 

HaRD'£N-ING, ppr. or a. Making hard or more compact i 
making obdurate or unfeeling ; confirming ; becoming 
more hard. 

HaRD'£N-ING, n. The giving a greater degree of hardness 
to bodies than they had before. — Encyc. 

t II^'ImInT, } for hardihood.-Spenser. 

HaRD'I-HOOD, n. Boldness, united with firmness and con 
stancy of mind ; dauntless bravery. — Syn. Intrepidity ; 
courage ; stoutness : audacity ; effrontery. 

HaRD'I-LY, adv. 1. With great boldness ; stoutly. — Scott. 
2. With hardship ; not tenderly. — Goldsmith. 

HXRD'I-NESS, n. [Fr. hardiesse.] 1. Boldness ; firm cour- 
age ; intrepidity ; stoutness ; bravery. 2. Firmness of 
body derived from laborious exercises. 3. Hardship ; fa- 
tigue ; [obs.] 4. Excess of confidence ; assurance ; ef- 
frontery. 
I HaRD'LY, adv. 1. With difficulty ; with great labor. 2. 
Scarcely ; barely ; almost not. — South. 3. Not quite or 
wholly. 4. Grudgingly, as an injury. 5. Severely ; unfa- 
vorably. 6. Rigorously; oppressively. 7. Unwelcomely; 
harshly. 8. Coarsely ; roughly ; not softly. 

HaRD'NESS, ti. 1. Firmness ; close union of the compo- 
nent parts ; compactness ; solidity ; the quality of bodies 
which resists impression or separation of their particles. 
2. Difficulty to be understood. 3. Difficulty to be executed 
or accomplished. 4. Scarcity ; penury ; difficulty of ob- 
taining money. 5. Obduracy ; impenitence ; confirmed 
state of wickedness. 6. Coarseness of features; harsh- 
ness of look. 7. Severity of cold ; rigor. 8. Cruelty of 
temper ; savageness ; harshness. — Shak. 9. Stiffness ; harsh- 
ness ; roughness, as of sculpture. — Dryden. 10. Closeness , 
niggardliness ; stinginess. — Johnson. 11. Hardship ; se 
vere labor,, trials, or sufferings. 12. A quality in some 
kinds of water which \mfits it for washing. See Hard. 

HaRDOCK, 7i. Probably hoardock, dock with whitish leaver 
— Shak. 

HaRDS, 7i. pi. The refuse or coarse part of flax ; tow. 

HaRD'SHIP, 72. 1. Toil ; fatigue ; severe labor or want. 2. 
Injury ; oppression ; injustice ; annoyance ; grievance. 

HaRD'WaPlE, n. A general name for all wares made of 
iron or other metal, as pots, kettles, saws, knives, <fcc. 

HaRD'WaRE-MAN, n. A maker or seller of hardwares. 

HaRD'Y, a. [Fr. hardi; Norm, hardy.] 1. Bold; brave; 
stout; daring; resolute; intrepid. 2. Strong; firm; com- 
pact. 3. Confident; full of assurance; impudent; stub- 
born to excess. 4. Inured to fatigue ; rendered firm by 
exercise, as a veteran soldier. 

HaRD'Y. n. An iron-smith's tool. 

Ha RE, 72. [Sax. hara : Dan., Sw. hare.] 1. A quadruped of 
the senus lepus. with long ears, a short tail, soft hair, and 
a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly 
by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. 2. A con 
stellation situated directly under Orion. 

IHaRE, v. t. [Norm, harcr, harier.] To fright, or to excite 
tease and harass, or worry. — Locke. 

HaRE'-HEART'ED, a. Timorous ; easily frightened. 

HaRE'-HUNT-ER, 7j. One who hunts or is used to hunting 
hares. 

HaRE'-HUNT-ING, ti. The hunting of hares. 

HaRE'S'-eAR, ?2. A plant of the genus bupleurum 

HaRE'S'-LET-TUCE, ti. A plant of the genus sonchus. 

HaRE'BELL, ti. A plant of the genus" hyacinthus, with 
campaniform or bell-shaped flowers. 

HaRE'BRaIN£D, a. [hare and brain.] Wild; giddy, vola 
tile; heedless. — Bacon. 



K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tliis. t ObsoHr. 



HAR 



478 



HAR 



HIRE'FOOT, n. A bird ; a plant. — Ainsworth. 
HaRE'HOUND, n. A hound for hunting hares. 
HARE'LIP, n. A perpendicular fissure or division of one or 

both lips, but more commonly the upper one, like that of 

a hare. 
HaRE'LIPPJSD (-lipt), a. Having a harelip. 
HaRE'MINT, n. A plant. — Ainsworth, 
HaRE'PiPE, n. A snare for catching hares. 
HaRE'WoRT, n. A plant. 
HaR'EM, n. [Ar. harama.) The division allotted to females 

in the larger dwelling-houses of the East. — Brando. 
HA-REN'GI-FORM, a. Shaped like a herring:. 
HA R'I-eO T (har'e-ko), n. [Fr.] 1. A kind of ragout of meat 

avid roots. 2. The kidney-bean. 
HAR'J-EPv., 7t. A dog for hunting hares. — Smart. [This spell- 
ing is now disused.] See Harrier. 
\ HAR-I-O-La'TION, n. [L. Jiariolatio.] Prognostication ; 

soothsaying. 
BaR'ISH, a. Like a hare. 
HaRK, v. i. [contracted from Iiearken.] To listen ; to lend 

the ear. — Shak. 
HaRL, n. 1. The skin of flax ; the filaments of flax or 

hemp. 2. A filamentous substance. — Mortimer. 
HAR'LE-QUIN (harle-kin), n. [Fr. harlequin.] A buffoon, 

dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, like a 

merry-andrew, to divert the populace. 
HaR'LE-QJJIN (har'le-kin), v. i. To play the droll ; to make 

sport by playing ludicrous tricks. 
Ha RLE-QUIN-aDE', n. Exhibitions of harlequins. 
HaR'LOCK, n. A plant. — Drayton. 
HaR/LOT, 74. [W. herlawd, herlodes.] 1. A woman who 

prostitutes her body for hire ; a prostitute ; a common 

woman. — 2. la Scripture, one who forsakes the true God 

and worships idols. 3. A servant ; a rogue ; a cheat. — 

Chancer; [obs.] 
HaR'LOT, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base. — Shak. 
HaR'LOT, v. i. To practice lewdness. — Milton. 
HaR'LOT-RY, 74. The trade or practice of prostitution ; 

habitual or customary lewdness ; prostitution. — Dryden. 
HaRM, n. [Sax. hearm or harm.] 1. Injury; hurt; damage; 

detriment ; misfortune ; mishap. 2. Moral wrong ; evil ; 

mischief; wickedness. 
HARM, v. t. To hurt ; to injure ; to damage ; to impair 

soundness of body. 
HaR-MATTAN, to. A hot, dry wind from the interior of Af- 
rica. It corresponds to the samiel or simoom of Arabia, &c. 
HARMED, pp. Injured; hurt; damaged. 
HaR'MEL, 74. The wild African rue. 
HaRM'FUL, a. Hurtful; injurious ; noxious ; detrimental; 

mischievous. 
HaRM'FUL-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; injuriously. 
HaRM'FUL-NESS, 74. Hurtfulness ; noxiousness. 
HARMING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. 
HARM'LESS, a. 1. Not hurtful or injurious ; as, a harmless 

proceeding. 2. Not receiving damage or injury; as, to 

save one harmless. 3. Not guilty of crime or wrong ; as, a 

harmless person.— SYN. Innocent ; innoxious ; innocuous ; 

inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed; 

undamaged. 
HARM'LESS-L Y, ado. 1. Innocently ; without fault or crime. 

2. Without hurt or damage. 
HARM'LESS-NESS, 74. 1. The quality of being innoxious ; 

freedom from a tendency to injure. 2. Innocence. 
HXR-MON'I-G, )a. 1. Relating to harmony or music. 
HaR-MON'I€-AL, j 2. Concordant; musical; consonant. 

3. An epithet applied to the accessary sounds which ac- 
company the predominant and apparently simple tone of 
any chord or string. — Harmonic triad, in music, the com- 
mon chord, or chord of a note with its third and fifth. 

HAR-MON'I-GA, 74. A musical instrument, in which the 
tones are produced by friction against the edges of a se- 
ries of hemispherical glasses. 

HAR-MON'IC-AL-LY, adv. Musically. 

HAR-MONTCS, 74. 1. Harmonious sounds ; consonances. 

2. The doctrine or science of musical sounds. 3. Deriva- 
tive sounds, generated with predominant sounds, and pro- 
duced by subordinate vibrations of a chord or string, when 
its whole length vibrates. — 4. Grave harmonics, are low 
sounds which accompany every perfect consonance of 
two sounds. 

HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Adapted to each other ; having the 
parts proportioned to each other ; symmetrical. 2. Con- 
cordant ; consonant ; symphonious ; musical ; melodious. 

3. Agreeing ; living in peace and friendship. 
HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With just adaptation and pro- 
portion of parts to each other. 2. With accordance of 
sounds ; musically ; in concord. 3. In agreement ; in 
peace and friendship. 

HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, 7?.. 1. Proportion and adaptation 
of parts ; musicalness. 2. Agreement ; concord. 

HAR-MON'I-PHON, 74. [Gr. apijovta and <pwvn.] A musical 
instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of 
thin metallic plates. The air is blown by the mouth 



through an elastic tube. It is played with keys tike a 
piano-forte. 

HAR'MO-NIST, 74. 1. A musician ; a composer of music. 
2. One who brings together corresponding passages, aa 
of the four Gospels, to show their agreement. 

HAR'MO-NIZE/w. i. 1. To be in concord; to agree in 
sounds. 2. To agree ; to be in peace and friendship, as 
individuals or families. 3. To agree in sense or purport. 

HaR'MO-NIZE, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions ; to 
cause to agree. 2. To make musical ; to combine accord- 
ing to thelaws of counterpoint. 

HAR'MO-NlZED, pp. or a. Made to be accordant. 

HAR'MO-NiZ-ER, 74. 1. One who brings together or recon- 
ciles. — 2. In music, a practical harmonist. 

HAR'MO-NIZ-ING, ppr. Causing to agree. 

HaR'MO-NiZ-ING, a. Being in accordance ; bringing to an 
agreement. 

HAR-MO-NOM'E-TER, 74. [Gr. appovia and perpov.] An in 
strument or monochord for measuring the harmonic rela- 
tions of sounds. 

HaR'MO-NY, 74. [L. harmonia.] 1. The just adaptation of 
parts to each other, in any system or composition of 
things, intended to form a connected whole. 2. Just pro- 
portion of sound ; consonance; musical concord. 3. Con 
cord; agreement; accordance in facts. 4. Concord or 
agreement ; good correspondence ; peace and friendship. 
5. The agreement or consistency of different histories of 
the same events ; as, the harmony of the Gospels. 6. A lit 
erary work which brings together parallel passages re- 
specting the same events, and shows their agreement— 
Natural harmony, in music, consists of the common chord 
— Artificial harmony, is a mixture of concords and discords. 
— Figured harmony, is when one or more of the parts 
move, during the continuance of a chord, through certain 
notes which do not form any of the constituent part3 of 
that chord. Busby. — Harmony of the spheres, see Music. 

HAR'MOST, 74. [Gr. apiioarnp-] In ancient Greece, a Spar- 
tan governor, regulator, or prefect. — Mitford. 

HXR'MO-TOME, 74. [Gr.apnos.] In mineralogy, cross-stone, 
or staurolite, called, also, pyramidical zeolite. 

HARNESS, n. [W. Jiarna.es; Fr. Jiarnois.] 1. Armor; the 
whole accoutrements or equipments of a knight or horse- 
man. 2. The furniture of a draught horse, whether for a 
wagon, coach, gig, chaise, &c. ; called, in some oftJie Amer- 
ican States, tackle, or tackling. 

HXR'NESS, v. t. 1. To dress in armor ; to equip with armor 
for war, as a horseman. 2. To put on the furniture of a 
horse for draught. 3. To defend ; to equip or furnish for 
defense. 

HARNESSED (har'nest), pp. or a. Equipped with armor ; 
furnished with the dress for draught ; defended. 

HAR'NESS-ER, 74. One who puts on the harness of a horse. 
— Sherwood. 

HAR'NESS-ING, ppr. Putting on armor or furniture for 
draught. 

HARNS, 74. pi. Brains. — Grose. 

HARP, 74. [Sax. hearpa ; G. harfe ; D. harp.] 1. An instru- 
ment of music of the stringed kind, of a triangular figure, 
held upright, and commonly touched with the fingers. 2. 
A constellation, Lyra, or the Lyre. 

HaRP, v. i. 1. To play on the harp. 2. To dwell on tedi- 
ously or vexatiously, in speaking or writing. 3. To touch 
as a passion ; to affect. — SJiak. 

HARP'ER. 74. A player on the harp. 

HARP'ING, ppr. 1. Playing on a harp ; dwelling on contin- 
ually. 2. a. Pertaining to the harp ; as, harping sympho- 
nies. — Milton. 

HaRP'ING, 74. A continual dwelling on. — Irving. 

HaRP'ING, n.; pi. Harfings. In ships, Jiarpings are the 
fore-parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of tha 
ship and are fastened to the stem. 

HARP'ING-I-RON (-i-urn), v.. A harpoon, which see. 

HaRP'IST, 74. A harper.— Brown. 

HAR-POON', n. [Fr. harpon.] A harping-iron ; a spear or 
javelin, used to strike whales for killing them. 

HaR-POON', v. t. To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon, 

HaR-POONED' (har-poond'), pp. Struck, caught, or killed 
with a harpoon. 

HXR-POON'ER, \ n. One who uses a harpoon ; the man in 

HAR-PO-NEER', \ a whale-boat who throws the harpoon. 

HAR-POON'ING. ppr. Striking with a harpoon. 

HARP'SI-CHORD, 74. An instrument of music with strings 
of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys. 

HARPY, n. [Fr. Jiarpie.] 1. In antiquity, the Jiarpks were 
fabulous winged monsters, ravenous and filthy, having the 
face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with their feel 
and fingers armed with sharp claws. 2. The largest of 
the eagle tribe, : nhabitina: Mexico and Brazil. 3. Any ra- 
pacious or ravenous animal ; an extortioner ; a plunderer 

HAR'QJJE-BUSE. See Arquebuse. 

HAR-RA-TEEN, 74. A kind of stuff or cloth.— Shenstcnc 

HAR'RI-CO, 74. A dish of vegetables, as beans. &.e Ha» 
icot. 



See Synopsis. A, K T, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE ROOK. 



HAR 



479 



HAT 



HAR'R1-I)AN, n. [Fr. haridelle.] A decayed strumpet. 

HARRIED (har'rid), pp. Stripped; harassed. 

HAR'RI-ER, n. A kind of hound for hunting hares. [The 
original spelling harier is now disused.] — Smart. 

HAR'ROW, 77. [Sw. harf.] An instrument of agriculture, 
formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other, 
and set with iron or wooden teeth. 

HAR'RoW, v. t. [Sw. karfva.] 1. To draw a harrow over, 
for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, 
«r for covering seed sown. 2. To break or tear with a 
harrow. — 3. Figuratively, to tear ; to lacerate ; to torment. 

4. To pillage ; to strip ; to lay waste by violence ; [obs.] 

5. To disturb ; to agitate. — Skak. ; [obs.] 

HAR'RoW. [Old Fr. harau.] An exclamation of sudden 

distress ; help ! halloo ! — Spenser. 
HAR'RoW.ED, pp. or a. Broken or smoothed by a har- 
row. 
HAR'RoW-ER, n. 1. One who harrows. 2. A hawk. 
HAR'RoW-ING, ppr. 1. Breaking or leveling with a har- 
row. 2. a. Tormenting; lacerating. 
HAR/RoW-ING, n. The act or process of using a harrow. 
HARRY, v. t. [Sax. hergian.} 1. To strip ; to pillage. [See 

Harrow.] 2. To harass ; to agitate ; to tease. 
\ PIAR'RY, v. i. To make a predatory incursion. 
HARSH, a. [G. harsch.] 1. Rough to the touch ; rugged ; 
grating. 2. Sour ; rough to the taste. 3. Rough to the 
ear ; grating ; discordant ; jarring. 4. Austere ; crabbed ; 
morose ; peevish. 5. Rough ; rude ; abusive. 6. Rigor- 
ous; severe. 
HARSH'LY, adv. 1. Roughly; in a harsh manner. 2. Sour- 
ly ; austerely. 3. Severely ; morosely ; crabbedly. 4. 
Roughly ; rudely ; with violence. 5. Roughly ; with a 
grating sound ; unpleasantly. 
HARSHNESS, n. 1. Roughness to the touch. 2. Sour- 
ness ; austereness. 3. Roughness to the ear. 4. Rough- 
ness of temper ; moroseness ; crabbedness ; peevishness. 
5. Roughness in manner or words ; severity. 
HaRS'LET, \ n. [Ice. hasla. Qu.] The heart, liver, lights, 
HAS'LET, 5 &c, of a hog. 
HiRT, n. [Sax. heort.] A stag or male deer, an animal of 

the cervine genus. 
HART'BEEST, n. A species of the antelope, the caama, the 

most common of the large antelopes in South Africa. 
HARTROY-AL, n. A plant. 

HARTS'HORN, n. The horn of the hart or male deer.— 
Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of 
harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones 
of calves, and afford a nutritious jelly. — Salt of hartshorn, 
or volatile salts, an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, 
obtained by distilling hartshorn or other bone. — Spirit of 
hartshorn, an impure solution of carbonate of ammonia, 
used in medicine. — Hartshorn plantain, an annual species 
of plantain, called also buckshorn. 
HaRTSToNGUE (-tung), n. A common British fern; also, 

a West Indian fern. 
HARTW6RT, n. The name of certain umbelliferous 

plants. 
HaR'UM-SCAR'UM, a. Wild ; precipitate ; rash ; giddy.— 

Smart. [ Colloquial.] 
HA-RUS'-PlCE, n. [L. haruspex.] In Roman history, a per- 
son who pretended to foretell future events by inspecting 
the entrails of beasts. 
HA-RUS'-Pl-CY, n. Divination by the inspection of vic- 
tims. 
HAR'VEST, n. [Sax. hcerfest, harfest.] 1. The season of 
reaping and gathering in corn or other crops. 2. The ripe 
corn or grain collected and secured in barns or stacks. 3. 
The product of labor ; fruit or fruits. 4: Fruit or fruits ; 
effects; consequences. — 5. In Scripture, harvest signifies, 
figuratively, the proper season for business. 
HaR'VEST, v. t. To reap or gather ripe corn and other 

fruits for the use of man and beast. 
HaR'VEST-FLY, n. A name applied to several large in- 
sects of the cicada group, popularly called locusts. 
HAR'VEST-HoME, n. 1. The time of harvest. 2. The 
song sung by reapers at the feast made at the gathering of 
com, or the feast itself. 3. The opportunity of gathering 
treasure. 
HaR'VEST-LORD, n. The head reaper at the harvest. 
Ha R'VEST-MA N, n. A laborer in harvest. 
HAR'VEST-MOON, n. The moon near the full, about the 
time of the autumnal equinox, when it rises nearly at the 
same hour for several days. 
IXaR'VEST-MOUSE. n. A very small European species of 
field-mouse, which builds its nest on the stems of wheat or 
other plants. 
HAR'VEST-QUEFN, n. An image representing Ceres, for- 
merly carried about on the last day of harvest. 
HAR'VEST-ED, pp. or a. Reaped and collected, as ripe 

corn and other fruits. 
HAB'VEST-ER, n. A reaper ; a laborer in gathering'' grain. 
HAR'VEST-ING, ppr. Reaping and collecting, as ripe corn 
and other fruits, n. Act of collecting the harvest 



HAS. The third person singular of the verb have. 

HaSE, v. t. To urge ; drive ; harass.— Booth. [Still used 

among sailors. — R. H. Dana, Jr.] See Haze. 
HASH, v. t. [Fr. hacher.] To chop into small pieces , to 

mince and mix. — Garth. 
HASH, n. Minced meat, or a dish of meat and vegetables 

chopped into small pieces and mixed. 
HASHED (hasht), pp. or a. Cut up into small pieces, as 

meat, 
t HASK, n. A case made of rushes or flags. — Spenser. 
HAS'LET, n. See Harslet. 

HaSP, n. [Sax. haps.] 1. A clasp that passes over a staple 
to be fastened by a padlock. 2. A spindle to wind thread 
or silk on ; [local.] 
HASP, v. t. To shut or fasten with a hasp. — Garth. 
HAS'SOCK, n. [W hesor.] A thick mat or bass on which 

persons kneel in church. 
HAST. The second person singular of have. 
HASTATE, \ a. [L. hastatus.] In botany, spear-shaped ; 
HAS'Ta-TED, 5 resembling the head of a halberd. 
HaSTE, n. [G., Sw., Dan. hast.] 1. Celerity of motion ; ap 
plied only to voluntary beings. 2. Sudden excitement of 
passion. 3. The state of being urged or pressed by busi- 
ness. — Syn. Speed ; quickness ; nimbleness ; swiftness ; 
expedition ; dispatch ; hurry ; precipitance ; vehemence ; 
precipitation. 
HaSTE (hast), ? v. t. [G. hasten; D. haasten.] To press; 
HASTEN (ha'sn), 5 to drive or urge forward; to push on; 
to precipitate ; to accelerate movement ; to expedite ; to 
quicken ; to hurry. 
HaSTE, I v. i. To move with celerity; to be rapid in 
HaST'EN, 3 motion ; to be speedy or quick. 
HaSTED, \ pp. Moved rapidly ; accelerated ; urged 
HASTENED, j with speed. 

HaSTEN-ER, n. One who hastens or urges forward. 
HASTING, \ ppr. Urging forward; pushing on; pro- 
HASTEN-ING, 5 ' ceeding rapidly. 

HaSTI-LY, adv. 1. In haste ; with speed or quickness ; 
speedily ; nimbly. 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without due 
reflection. 3. Passionately ; under sudden excitement of 
passion. 
HIST'I-NESS, n. 1. Haste; speed; quickness or celerity in 
motion or action, as of animals. 2. Rashness ; heedless 
eagerness ; precipitation ; precipitancy. 3. Irritability ; 
susceptibility of anger, warmth, or temper. 
HAST'ING-PEAR, n. An early pear.— Encyc. 
PIaSTINGS, n. pi. Peas that come early. — Mortimer. 
HAST'IVE, a. [Fr. hdiif] Forward ; early, as fruit.— Encyc. 

[Not much used.] 
PIaSTT, a. 1. Quick; speedy; swift; expeditious. 2. Ea- 
ger ; precipitate ; rash. 3. Irritable ; easily ercited to 
wrath ; passionate ; irascible. 4. Early ripe ; forward, aa 
fruit. 
HaSTY-FUD'DING, n. A pudding made of the meal of 
maize moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and 
flour boiled. 
HAT, n. [Sax. hat.] 1. A covering for the head. 2. The 

dignity of a cardinal. 
HAT'-BAND, n. A band round the crown of a hat. 
HAT-BOX, In. A box for a hat. But a case for a lady's 
PIAT-CaSE, 5 hat is called a band-box. 
HAT-BRUSH, n. A soft brush for hats. 
HATABLE, a. That may be hated ; odious. 
HATCH, v. t. [G. hecken.] 1. To produce young from eggs 
by incubation, or by artificial heat. 2. To contrive or 
plot ; to form by meditation, and bring into being ; to orig- 
inate and produce in silence. 
HATCH, v. t. [Fr. hacher.] 1. To cross with lines in draw- 
ing and engraving in a peculiar manner, called hatching, 
which see. 2. To steep. — Beaum. and Fl. ; [obs.] 
HATCH, v. i. To produce young ; to bring the young to 

maturity. 
HATCH, n.+ 1. A brood ; as many chickens as are produced 
at once. 2. The act of exclusion from the egg. 3. Dis- 
closure ; discovery. — Shah. 
HATCH, n. [Sax. hleca.] 1. The opening in a ship's deck, 
or the passage from one deck to another. 2. A half-door, 
or door with an opening over it. — Johnson. 3. Flood-gates. 
Ainsworth. — 4. In Cornwall, England, openings into mines, 
or in search of them. — 5. Hatches, pi, the coverings placed 
over the hatcnways. Totten. — To be undtr the hatches, to 
be confined below; to be in distress, depression, or slav 
ery. — Locke. 
* HATCH'EL, n. [G. hechel ; D. hekel ; hence often pronounc 
ed, in America, heich'el.] An instrument formed with long 
iron teeth set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp. 
HATCH'EL, v. t. 1. To draw flax or hemp through the 
teeth of a hatchel, for separating the coarse part and bro- 
ken pieces of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts. 2. To 
tease or vex, by sarcasms or reproaches ; [a vulgar use of 
the 7Dord.] 
HATCH'ELED, pp. or a. Cleansed by a hatchel ; combed 
HATCH'EL-ER, n. One who uses a hatchel. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HAU 



480 



HAW 



BATCH'EL-ING, ppr. Drawing through the teeth of a 
hatchel. 

HATCH'ER, n. One who hatches, or contrives a plot. — 
Smart. 

HATCH'ET, n. [G. hacke.) A small ax with a short handle, 
to be used with one hand. — To take up the hatchet, a phrase 
borrowed from the natives of America, is to make war. — 
To bury the hatchet, is to make peace. 

HATCH'ET-FaCE, n. A sharp, prominent face like the 
edge of a hatchet. — Dryden. 

HATCH'ET -SHAPED (-shapt), a. Having the shape of a 
hatchet. 

HATCH'E-TiNE, n. A very soft yellowish white or green- 
ish mineral of South Wales. 

HATCHING, ppr. Producing young from eggs. 

HATCHING, n. The production of young from eggs. 

HATCHING, n. A mode of execution in engraving, draw- 
ing, and miniature painting, in which the effect is produced 
by courses of lines crossing each other at an angle more 
or less acute. — Jocelyn. 

IIATCH'MENT, n. [corrupted from achievement.'] An armo- 
rial escutcheon of a dead person, placed in front of the 
house, on a hearse at funerals, or in a church. 

HATCH'WaY, n. In ships, a square or oblong opening in 
the deck, affording a passage from one deck to another, or 
into the hold or lower apartments. 

HaTE, v. t. [Sax. hatian.] 1. To dislike greatly ; to have a 
great aversion to. — 2. In Scripture, it signifies to love less. 
— Syn. To abhor ; detest : abominate ; loathe. 

HaTE, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hati-ed. 

HATED, pp or a. Greatly disliked. 

HaTE'FUL, a. 1. Exciting great dislike, aversion, or dis- 
gust. 2. That feels hatred. — Syn. Odious ; detestable ; 
abominable ; execrable ; loathsome ; abhorrent ; repug- 
nant ; malignant; malevolent. 

HaTE'FUL-LY, adv. _ 1. Odiously; with great dislike. 2. 
Malignantly ; maliciously. 

HaTETUL-NESS, n. Odiousness ; the quality of being 
hateful, or of exciting aversion or disgust. 

HaT'EPl, il. One who hates. — Brown. 

HaTING, ppr. Disliking extremely ; entertaining a great 
aversion for. 

HATLESS, a. Having no hat. 

Ha'TRED, n. Great dislike or aversion. — Syn. Ill-will ; 
enmity ; hate ; animosity ; malevolence ; rancor ; malig- 
nity ; odium ; detestation ; loathing ; abhorrence ; repug- 
nance ; antipathy. 

HATTED, a. Covered with a hat; wearing a hat. 

f HATTER, v. t. To harass.— Dryden. 

HATTER, n. [from hat.} A maker of hats. 

HATTl-SHER'IFF, n. An irrevocable order, which comes 
immediately from the grand seignior. — Encyc. Amer. 

HATTLE, a. Wild; skittish.— Grose. [Local] 

f HATTOCK, 7i. [Erse, attock.] A ib. )ck of corn. 

\ HAUBERK, n. A coat of mail without sleeves. See Ha- 
bergeon. 

HAJJD PAS' SI-BUS JE'QUIS. [L.] Not with equal pace 
or rapidity. 

HAUGH (haw), n. A little, low meadow. 

t HAUGHT (hawt), a. [qu. Fr. haut.] High ; elevated ; 
hence, proud ; insolent. — Shak. 

HAUGHTI-LY (haw'te-ly), adv. Proudly ; arrogantly ; with 
contempt or disdain. — Dryden. 

HAUGHT'I-NESS (haw'te-nes), n. The quality of being 
haughty; pride, mingled with some degree of contempt 
for others. — Syn. Arrogance ; disdain ; contemptuous- 
ness ; superciliousness ; loftiness. 

HAUGHTY (haw'ty), a. [from haught; Fr. haut.} 1. Proud 
and disdainful ; having a high opinion of one's self, with 
some contempt for others ; lofty and arrogant ; supercil- 
ious. 2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride min- 
gled with contempt ; manifesting pride and disdain. 3. 
Proud and imperious. 4. Lofty ; bold ; of high hazard. — 
Spenser; [obs.] 

HAUL, v. t. [Fr. haler. It is sometimes written hale, but 
haul is preferable.] 1. To pull or draw with force ; to 
drag. Haul is equivalent to drag, and differs sometimes 
from pull and draw, in expressing more force and labor. 
2. To drag; to compel to go. — To haul the wind, in sea- 
manship, is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point 
from which the wind blows. 

HAUL, n. 1. A pulling with force; a violent pull. 2. A 
draught of a net. 

HAULED (hawld), pp. Pulled with force; dragged; com- 
pelled to move. 

HAUL'ER, n. He who pulls or hauls 

HAUL'ING, ppr. Drawing by force or violence ; dragging. 

HAULM, ? (hawm), n. [Sax. healm.] 1. The stem or stalk 

HAUM, > of grain, of all kinds, or of peas, beans, hops, 
&.c. 2. Straw; the dry stalks of corn, &c., in general. 

UaUNCH, n. [Fr. hanche.] 1. The hip ; that part of the 
body winch lies between the last ribs and the thigh. 2. 
The rear ; the hind part. — Shak. ; [obs.] 



HaUNCHjED (hansht), pp. or a. Having haunches 

* HaUNT, v. t. [Fr. Iianter.] 1. To frequent ; to resort to 

much or often, or to be much about ; to visit customarily. 
2. To come to frequently ; to intrude on ; to trouble with 
frequent visits ; to follow importunately. 3. It is particu- 
larly applied to spectres or apparitions, which are repre- 
sented by fear and credulity as frequenting or inhabiting 
old, decayed, and deserted houses. 

* HaUNT, v. i. To be much aboiit; to visit or be present 

often. 

* HaUNT, n. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts. 
2. The habit or custom of resorting to a place; [obs.] 3. 
Custom; practice. — Chaucer; [obs.] 

* HAUNTED, pp. or a. 1. Frequently visited or resorted 

to, especially by apparitions. 2. Troubled by frequent 
visits. 

* HaUNT'ER, n. One who frequents a particular place, or 
is often about it. 

* HAUNTING, ppr. Frequenting ; visiting often ; troubling 

with frequent visits. 
HAUS'MANN-lTE, n. [from M. Hausmann.] An ore of 

manganese, having a brownish-black color. 
t HAUST, n. [Sax. hwasta.] A dry cough. — Ray. 
HAUSTEL-LATE, a. Provided with a haustellum or suck- 
er, as certain insects. 
HAUTBOY (ho'boy), n. [Fr. haut and bois.} 1. A wind 
instrument, somewhat resembling a flute. 2. A sort of 
strawberry. 
HA U- TE UR' (ho-ture' or ho-taur'), n. [Fr. J Pride ; haughfr 

iness ; hauarhty manner or spirit. 
HAUT GoUT' (ho-goo'), n. [Fr.] 1. High relish or taste. 

2. High seasoning. 
HAU'YNE (how'in), n. A blue mineral, found in volcanic 

rocks, and named from the Fi-ench mineralogist Haiiy. 

HAVE (hav), v. t. ; pret. and pp. had; indie, present, I have, 

thou hast, he has ; we, ye, they have. [Sax. habban ; Goth. 

haban ; Ger. haben.] 1. To possess ; to hold in possession 

or power. 2. To possess, as something that is connected 

with or belongs to one. 3. To marry ; to take for a wife 

or husband. 4. To hold ; to regard ; as, to have in honor 

5. To maintain ; to hold in opinion. 6. To be urged by 

necessity or obligation ; to be under necessity, or impelled 

by duty. 7. To seize and hold ; to catch. 8. To contain ; 

as, the work has many beauties and many faults. 9. To 

gain ; to procure ; to receive ; to obtain ; to purchase. 

10. To bring forth ; to produce, as a child. 

Had rather denotes wish or preference. — To have after, to 

pursue. Shak.— To have away, to remove ; to take away. 

Tusser. — To have at, to encounter; to assail ; to enter into 

competition with ; to make ferial with. Sliak. — Have with 

you, is, have me with you; let us go together. Shak. — 

To have in, to contain. — To have on, to wear; to carry, as 

raiment or weapons. — To have out, to cause to depart. — 

To have a care, to take care ; to be on the guard; or to 

guard. — To have pleasure, to enjoy. — To have pain, to suf 

' fer. — To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted. — He would 

have, he desires to have, or he requires. — He should have, 

he ought to have. 

1HAVELESS (havles), a. Having little or nothing. 

HA'ViSN (ha'vn), n. [Sax. luzfan ; D haven.] 1. A harbor-, 

a port; a bay, recess, or inlet of the sea; a station for 

ships. 2. A shelter; an asylum ; a place of safety. 

t Ha'V.EN-ER, n. The overseer of a port; a harbor-master. 

HAVER, n. One who has or possesses; a possessor; a 

holder. — Shak. [Little used.] 
HAVER, n. [Ger. hafer ; D. haver.] Oats. [A word of local 

use in the north of England.} 
HAVER-SACK, n. [Fr. havre-sac] A soldier's knapsack. 
HAVING, ppr. Possessing; holding in power or possession; 

containing; gaining; receiving; taking. 
HAVING, n. 1. Possession; goods; estate.— Shak. 2. The 

act or state of possessing. — Sidney. 
IHaVIOR, n. Conduct; manners. — Spenser. 
HAVOC, n. [W. havog.} Waste; devastation; wide and 

general destruction. 
HAVOC, v. t. To waste ; to destroy ; to lay waste. 
HAVOC, exclam. [Sax. hafoc, a hawk] Originally, a term 
of incitement in hunting, but afterward a wir-cry, and the 
signal for indiscriminate slaughter. — Shak. — Toone. 
HAW, n. [Sax. hag, hag.} 1. The berry and seed of the 
hawthorn. 2. [Sax. haga.] A small piece of ground ad 
joining a house ; a small field. — 3. In farriery, an excros 
cence resembling a gristle, growing under the nether eje 
lid and eye of a horse. 4. A. dale ; [obs.] 5. A hesitatior 
or intermission of speech. 
HAW, v. i. [corrupted from hawk, or hack.] To stop h 
speaking with a haw, or to speak witti interruption and 
hesitation. 
HAWFINCH, 11. A bird; a European species of gross- 
beak. 
HAW-HAW, n. [duplication of haw, a hedge.] A fence oi 
bank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between slopes, 
and not perceived till approached. — Todd. See Haha. 



Seesynopsis. A, K, I, See, long.— &, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD;— MoVE, BOOK 



HAZ 



481 



HEA 



H&W'LNG, ppr or n. Freaking with a haw, or with hesi- 
tation, 

HAWK, n. [Sax. hafo^.] A name common to many species 
of birds of prey, allied to the falcons and eagles. 

HAWK. v. i. I. To catch or attempt to catch birds by 
means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on 
the prey ; to practice falconry. 2. To fly at ; to attack on 
the wing. — Dryden. 

HAWK, v. i. [W. hoqi ; Scot, hawgh.] To make an effort 
to force up phlegm with poise. — To hawk up, transitively ; 
as, to hawk up phlegm. 

HAWK, n. An effort to fo ce up phlegm from the throat, 
accompanied with noise. 

HAWK, v. t. [qu. Ger. hocken.] To cry ; to offer for sale by 
outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry. 

HAWK'-EYjED (-ide), a. Having; a keen eye ; discerning. 

HAWK'-HeAD'ED, a. Having a~head like that of a hawk. 
— Dr. Warren. 

HAWK-N5S.ED, a. Having an aquiline nose. 

HAWK'-MOTH, n. A very large moth or butterfly, which 
moves from flower to flower with great rapidity and a 
loud, humming sound. 

HAWKE, n. Among plasterers, a small board, with a han- 
dle beneath, for holding mortar. 

HAWK£D (haukt), pp. 1. Offered for sale by outcry in the 
street. 2. a. Crooked ; curving like a hawk's bill. 

HAWKER, n. 1. One who otters goods for sale by outcry 
in the street ; a peddler. — Swift. 2. [Sax. hafcere.] A fal- 
coner. 

HAWKING, ppr. 1. Catching wild birds by hawks. 2. 
Making an effort to discharge phlegm. 3. Offering for 
sale in the street bv outer}". 

HAWKING, n. 1 The exercise of taking wild fowls by 
means of hawks. 2. Making an effort to discharge phlegm. 
3. Offering for sale in the street by outcry. 

HAWK WEED, n. A name of many species of herbs, prin 
cipally belonging to the cenus hieracium. 

HAWSE (hawz), n. [&e"HAXSEE.] The situation of the 
cables before a vessel's stem, when moored with two an- 
chors from the bows ; as, a clear or foul hawse. The word 
is also sometimes used to denote a little distance ahead of 
the vessel ; as, to anchor in our hawse. 

HAWSE'-HoLE, n. A cylindric hole in the bow of a ship, 
through which a cable passes. 

HA WSE'-PIe CE, n. One of the foremost timbers of a ship, 
through which the hawse-hole is cut. 

HAWS'ER, n. [See Halser.] A small cable ; or a large 
rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line. 

HiWS'ES. See Hawse-hole. 

HAWTHORN, n. [Sax. hag-thorn.] A shrub or tree which 
bears the haw ; the white-thorn, much used for hedges. 

HAWTHORN-FLY, n. An insect so called.— Walton. 

HaY, n. [Sax. heg, hig.] Grass cut and dried for fodder ; 
grass prepared for preservation. — To dance the hay, to 
dance in a ring. — Donne. 

HaY, v. t. [Ger. heuen.] To dry or cure grass for preser- 
vation. 

HaY, n. [Sax. hag.] 1. A hedge. — Chaucer; [obs.] 2. A 
net which incloses the haunt of an animal. — Harmer. 

HaY, v. t. To lay snares for rabbits. — Huloet. 

HaY'-BoTE, n. [Hedge-bote.] In English law, an allowance 
of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences. 

HaY-KNIFE (-nife), n. A sharp instrument used in cutting 
hay out of a stack or mow. 

HaY'-MaK-ER, n. One who cuts and dries grass for fodder. 

HaY'-MaK-LNG, n. The business of cutting grass and cur- 
ing it for fodder. 

R* Y'-MaR-KET, n. A place for the sale of hay. 

H A f'COCK n. A conical pile or heap of hay, in the field. 

HaY ING, n. Hay-making; the getting in of hay. — Beaum. 
who. Fl. 

H i\ LOFT, n. A loft or scaffold for hay, particularly in a 
Darn. 

Hki' MOW, n. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn 
for preservation. 

H i ¥'RI€K, n. A rick of hay ; usually, a long pile for pres- 
ervation in the open air. 

HIY'STACK, n. A stack or large conical pile of hay in the 
open air, laid up for preservation. 

HIY'STALK (-stawk), n. A stalk of hav. 

HIY'THORN, n. Hawthorn.— Scott. 

HIYWARD, n. [Fr. hate, hedge.] A person formerly ap- 
pointed to guard the hedges ; and, hence, to keep cattle 
from doing them injury. — In New England, the hay ward 
is a town officer, whose duty is to impound cattle, and 
particularly swine, when found at large in violation of law. 

HaY'DjEN-iTE, n. A mineral discovered by Dr. Hayden, 
resembling chabasite, and perhaps identical with it. 

HAZ'ARD, 7t. [Fr. hasard.] 1. Chance: accident; casualty; 
a fortuitous event. 2. Danger ; peril ; risk ; jeopardy ; 
venture ; exposure. 3. A game at dice. — To run the haz- 
ard, to risk ; to take the chance. 

HAZ'ARD, v. t. [Fr. hasarder.] 1. To expose to chance ; to 



put in danger of loss or injury, as one's life. 2. To ven 
ture to incur, or bring on, as the loss of life. — Syn. To 
venture ; adventure ; risk ; jeopardize ; peril : endanger. 

HAZ'ARD, v. i. To try the chance ; to adventure ; to run 
the risk or danger. 

HAZ'ARD-A-BLE, a. That is liable to hazard or chance. 

HAZ'ARD-ED, pp. Put at risk or in danger ; ventured 

HAZ'ARD-ER, n. One who ventures or puts at stake. 

HAZ'ARD-ING, ppr. Exposing to danger or peril ; ventui 
ing to bring on. 

HAZ'ARD-OUS, a. That exposes to peril or danger of loss 
or evil. — Syn. Perilous ; dangerous ; bold ; daring ; adven- 
turous : venturesome ; precarious ; uncertain. 

HAZ'ARD-OUS-LY, adv. With danger of loss or evil ; with 
peril. 

HAZ'ARD-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being hazardous. 

tHAZ'ARD-RY, n. 1. Rashness; temerity. — Spenser. 2. 
Gaming in general. — Chaucer. 

H5.ZE, n. Vapor which renders the air thick, though not 
as damp as in foggy weather. 

H1ZE, v. i. To be hazy, or thick with haze. — Ray. [Local.] 

t HaZE, v. t. [See Hase.] To urge, drive, harass, especially 
with labor. — R. II. Dana, Jr. [Used umong sailors. J 

Ha'Z^L (ha'zl), n. [Sax. hasel] A shrub of the genus 
corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farina- 
ceous taste. 

Ha'Z^L (ha'zl), a. Pertaining to the hazel, or like it ; of a 
light-brown color, like the hazel-nut. 

Hi'Z^L-EARTH (-erth), n. A kind of red loam.— Encyc. 

Hl'ZE L-NUT, n. The nut or fruit of the hazel. 

Hl'ZEL-LY, a. Of the color o^ the hazel-nut; of a light 
br o wn. — Mortimer. 

Ha'ZI-NESS, n. The state of being hazy. 

Ha'ZY, a. Thick with vapor, but not as damp as in foggy 
weather. — Totten. 

HE, pronoun of the third person ; nom. lie; poss. his ; obj. 
him. [Sax. masc. he; fern, heo; neut. hit.] 1. A pronoun. 
a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, repr<> 
senting the man or male person named before. 2. Mar , 
a male. 3. He is sometimes prefixed to the names of ani- 
mals, to designate the male kind ; as, a he-goat, a he-bear. 

HEAD (lied), n. [Sax. heafod, hefed, heafd.] 1. The upper 
most part of the human body, or the foremost part of the 
body of prone and creeping a nim als. This part of the 
body contains the organs of healing, seeing, tasting, and 
smelling, and also the brain. 2. An animal; an individ 
ual. 3. A chief; a chieftain; a principal person; a lead- 
er ; a commander. 4. The first place ; the place of honor, 
or of command ; as, at the head of an army. 5. Counte 
nance ; presence ; as. to hide one's head. 6. Understand- 
ing ; faculties of the mind ; sometimes in a ludicrous sense ; 
as, to trouble one's head. 7. Face ; front ; fore-part ; a?, tc 
turn head. — Dryden. 8. Resistance ; successful opposition ; 
as, to make head against one. 9. Spontaneous will or 
resolution; as in the phrase, of one's own head. 10. State 
of a deer's horns, by which his age is known. — Shah. 
11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the 
rest of the thing. 12. The fore-part of a thing, as the head 
of a ship. 13. The blade or cutting part of an ax, distinct 
from the helve. 14. A rounded mass of foam, as on a pot 
of beer, &c. 15. The upper part of a bed or bedstead. 
16. The brain. 17. The dress of the head.— Swift. 18. The 
principal source of a stream. 19. Altitude of water in 
ponds, as applicable to the driving of mill-wheels. 20. Topic 
of discourse ; chief point or subject : a summary ; as, the 
heads of an argument. 21. Crisis ; pitch ; height. 22. In- 
fluence ; force ; strength ; pitch. 23. Body ; conflux. — 
Shah. ; [obs.] 24. Power ; armed force. — Shak. 25. Lib- 
erty ; freedom from restraint ; as. to give a horse his head. 
26. License ; freedom from check, control, or restraint ; 
as, to give passions their head. 27. The hair of the head 
28. The top of corn or other plant; the part on which the 
seed grows. 29. The end, or the boards that form the end, 
as of a barrel. 30. The part most remote from the mouth 
or opening into the sea, as of a bay. 31. The maturated 
part of anlilcer or boil. 

Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, eepe 
cially when referring to immersion. — Head and shouldtrs 
by force ; violently ; as, to bring in, head and shoulders. 
Head or tail, or neither head nor tail, uncertainty; not re 
ducible to certainty. — Head, as an adj. or in composition 
chief; principal; as, a head workman. — By the head, iz 
seamen's language, denotes the state of a ship laden too 
deeply at the fore-end. 

HEAD (hed), v. t. 1. To lead ; to direct ; to act as leader to, 
as a company. 2. To behead : to decapitate. — Shak. 3. To 
form a head to ; to fit or furnish with a head, as an arrow. 
4. To lop ; to cut off the head, as trees.— Mortimer. 5. To 
go in front of; to get into the front in order to stop : as, 
to head cattle. Hence, figuratively, to head a person, is to 
check or restrain him. 6. To «et on the head ; as, to head 
a barrel. 7. To oppose ; to veer round and blow in oppo 
sition to the course of a ship ; as, the wind heads us. 



DOVE - -BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi'C'lOUS — € as K • *J as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH , TH as in this, t Obsolete. 
Hh 



HEA 



482 



HEA 



HEAD (hed), v. i. 1. To originate ; to spring ; to have its 
source, as a river. 2. To be directed ; as, a ship heads 
eastward. 3. To form a head ; as, the cabbages head 
early. 

HeAD'-BAND (hed'-band), n. A fillet ; a band for the head ; 
also, the band at each end of a book. — 7s., iii. 

HeAD'-B6R-oUGH (hed'-bur-ro), n. In England, formerly, 
the chief of a frank-pledge, tithing, or decennary. 

HeAD'-DRESS (hed'-dres), n. 1. The dress of the head; 
the covering or ornaments of a woman's head. 2. The 
crest, or tuft of feathers on a fowl's head. 

HEAD'-GaR-GLE (hed'-gar-gl), n. A disease of cattle. 

HeAD'-GeAR (hed'-geer), n. Covering or ornament of the 
head. 

HEAD-M6N-EY (hed'-mun-ny), n. A capitation tax. 

HEAD'-LUGG£D, a. Dragged by the head.— Shah. 

HeAD'-MaIN, n. The main'ditch, by which water is drawn 
from a river, &c, for irrigation, to be distributed through 
smaller channels. — Loudon. 

\ HEAD'-PAN (hed'-pan), n. The brain-pan. 

HeAD'-PIeCE (hed'-pese), n. 1. Armor for the head; a 
helmet, &c. 2. Understanding ; force of mind. — Shak. ; 
[little used.] 

HE AD -ROPE (hed'-rope), n. That pari of a bolt-rope which 
is sewed to the upper edge cr head of the principal sails. 

HeAD'-SaIL (hed'-s&l), n. The general name for all those 
sails of a vessel which are set forward of the fore-mast. — 
Totten. _ 

HeAD'-SeA (hed'-see), n. Waves that meet the head of a 
ship, or roll against her course. 

HeAD'-SHaKE (hed'-shake), n. A significant shake of the 
head. — Shak. 

HeAD'-SPRING (hed'-spring), n. Fountain; source; or- 
igin. 

HeAD'-SToNE (hed'-stone), n. 1. The principal stone in a 
foundation ; the chief or corner stone. 2. The stoDe at 
the head of a grave. 

H£AD'-TlRE (hed'-tire), n. Dress or attire for the bead. 

HeAD'-WIND (hed'- wind), n. A wind that blows in a direc- 
tion opposite to the ship's course. 

HEAD'-W6RK, n. 1. Mental or intellectual labor. 2. An 
ornament on the key-stone of an arch. — Gwilt. 

HeAD'-WoRK'MAN, n. The chief workman of a party ; a 
foreman in a manufactory. — Swift. 

HeAD'aCHE (hed'axe), n. Pain in Lhe head. 

HeAD'ED (hed'ed), pp. Led ; directed ; furnished with a 
head ; having a top. This is used in composition as an 
adjective ; as, clear-headed, thick-headed, &c. 

HeAD'ER (hed'er), n. 1. One who heads nails or pins. 2. 
One who leads a mob or party. 3. A brick or stone laid 
with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall. 

HeAD'FaST (hed'fasf ), n. A rope at the head of a ship, to 
fasten it to a wharf or other fixed object. 

HEAD'FiRST' (hed'fursf), adv. With the head foremost. 

HeAD'I-LY (hed'e-ly), adv. Hastily ; rashly ; so as not to 
be governed. 

HeAD'I-NESS (hed'e-nes), n. 1. Rashness; precipitation. 
2. Stubbornness; obstinacy. 

HEADING (hed'ing), n. 1. That which stands at the head ; 
title ; as, the heading of a paper. 2. Materials for the 
heads of casks. 

HtAD'LAND (hedland), n. 1. A cape ; a promontory. 2. 
A ridge or strip of unplowed land at the ends of furrows 
or near a fence. 

HeAD'LESS (hedles), a. 1. Having no head ; beheaded. 
2. Destitute of a chief or leader. 3. Destitute of under 
standing or prudence ; rash ; obstinate. — Spenser. 

HEAD'LONG (hedlong), adv. 1. With the head foremost 
2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without deliberation. 3. Hasti 
ly ; without delay or respite. 

HEAD'LONG (hedlong), a. 1. Steep ; precipitous. 2. Rash 
precipitate. 

He AD'MAN (hed'man), n. A chief ; a leader. 

HEAD'MoLD-SHOT, n. A disease in children, in which the 
sutures of the skull, usually -the coronal, have their edges 
shot over one another, pressing on the brain, and often 
causing death. 

HE AD'MoST (hed'most), a. Most advanced ; most forward ; 
first in a line or order of progression. 
HEAD PENCE riaed'pens), n. A poll-tax. 

He AD-QUARTERS, n. pi. 1. The quarters or place of res- 
idence of the commander-in-chief of an army. 2. The res- 
idence of any chief, or place from which orders are issued. 

HE AD'SIIIP (hed'ship), n. Authority ; chief place. 

HEADS'MAN (hedz'man), n. One who cuts off heads ; an 
executioner.— -Dry den. [ Unusual] 

HtAD'STALL (hed'stawl), n. That part of a bridle which 
encompasses the head. 

HEAD'STRONG (hed'strong), a. 1. Resolute to run his own 
way ; bent on pursuing his own will. 2. Directed by un- 
governable will, or proceeding from obstinacy. — Syn. Vio- 
lent ; obstinate ; ungovernable ; untractable ; stubborn ; 
unmly ; venturesome ; heady. 



t HMD'STRONG-NESS, n. Obstinacy.— Gayton. 
HeADWaY (hed'wa), n. The motion of an advancing ship 

— To make headway, to advance. 
HeADT (hed'y), a. 1. Rash ; hasty ; precipitate ; violent 

2. Apt to affect the head ; inflaming ; intoxicating; strong. 

3. Violent ; impetuous ; [little used.] 

HeAL, v. t. [Sax. halan, helan, ghelan.] 1. To cure of a dis- 
ease or wound. 2. To cure ; to remove or subdue. 3. 
To cause to cicatrize. 4. To restore to soundness. 5. To 
restore purity to ; to remove feculence or foreign matter 
6. To remove, as differences or dissension ; to reconcile 
as parties at variance. — 7. In Scripture to forgive ; to cure 
moral disease, and restore soundness. 8. To purify from 
corruptions, redress grievances, and restore to prosperity 
9. To cover, as a roof with tiles, slate, lead, &c. 

HeAL, v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state. 

HeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be healed.— Sherwood. 

HeALDS, n. pi. The harness for guiding the warp-threads 
in a loom. 

HeAL_ED, pp. Restored to a sound state. 

He AL'ER, n. He or that which cures, or restores to sound- 
ness. 

HeALTNG, ppr. 1. Cming ; restoring to a sound state. 2 
a. Tending to cure ; mild ; mollifying. 

HeAL'ING, n. 1. The act or process by which a cure is ef 
fected. 2. The act of covering; [obs.] 

HeAL'ING-LY, adv. In a healing manner. 

HEALTH (helth), n. [from heal!] 1. That state of an ani 
mal or living body in which the parts are sound, well or- 
ganized and disposed, and in which they all perform 
freely their natural functions. In this state the animal 
feels no pain. 2. Sound state of the mind ; natural vigor 
of faculties. 3. Sound state of the mind, in a moral sense ; 
purity ; goodness. 4. Salvation or divine favor, or grace 
which cheers God's people. 5. Wish of health and hap- 
piness ; [used in drinking.] 

HEALTHFUL (helth'ful), a. 1. Being in a sound state, as a 
living or organized being ; free from disease. 2. Serving 
to promote health ; wholesome ; salubrious. 3. Indicating 
health or soundness. 4. Salutary ; promoting spiritual 
health; 5. Well-disposed ; favorable. — Shak. 

HeALTHTUL-LY, adv. In health ; wholesomely. 

HeALTH'FUL-NESS, n. 1. A state of being well. 2. Whole- 
someness ; salubrity ; state or qualities that promote 
health. 

HeALTH'I-LY (helth'e-le), a. Without disease. 

He ALTH'1-NESS, n. The state of health ; soundness ; free- 
dom from disease. 

HeALTH'LESS, a. 1. Infirm ■ sickly. 2. Not conducive 
to health. — Taylor ; [little used.] 

HeALTH'LESS-NESS, n. State of being healthless. 

t HEALTHSOME (helth'sum), a. Wholesome.— Shak. 

HEALTHY, a. 1. Being in a sound state ; enjoying health, 
as, a healthy person. 2. Conducive to health ; as. a healthy 
employment. — Syn. Vigorous ; sound ; hale ; salubrious ; 
healthful ; wholesome ; salutary. 

HeAM, n. In beasts, the same as after-birth in women. 

HeAP, n. [Sax. heap, heap.] 1. A pile or mass ; a collection 
of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation. 2. A 
crowd ; a throng ; a cluster ; [applied to living persons 
not in use.] 3. A mass of ruins. 

HEAP, v. t. [Sax. heapian.] 1. To throw or lay in a heap , 
to pile. 2. To amass ; to accumulate ; to lay up ; to col- 
lect in great quantity. 3. To add something else, in large 
quantities. 4. To pile ; to add till the mass takes a round 
ish form, or till it rises above the measure. 

HeAP/^D (heept), pp. Piled; amassed; accumulated. 

HeAP'ER, n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses. 

HEAPING, ppr. Piling ; collecting into a mass. 

HeAP'Y, a. Lying in heaps. — Gay. 

HeAR, v. t. ; pret. and pp. heard, but more correctly heared. 
[Sax. heoran, hyran.] 1. To perceive by the ear ; to feel 
an impression of sound by the proper organs. 2. To give 
audience or allowance to speak. 3. To attend ; to listen ; 
to obey. 4. To attend favorably ; to regard. 5. To grant 
an answer to prayer. 6. To attend to the facts, evidence, 
and arguments in a cause between parties ; to try in a 
court of law or equity. 7. To acknowledge a title- 
Prior; [Latin usage.] 8. To be a hearer of; to sit under 
the preaching of ; [familiar usage.] 9. To learn. 10. To 
approve and embrace. — To hear a bird sing, to receive 
private communication. — Shak. 

HeAR, v. i. 1. To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving 
sound. 2. To listen ; to hearken ; to attend. 3. To be 
told ; to receive by report. 

HeARD (herd), pret. and pp. of hear. Perceived by the ear. 

HeAR'EK, n. One who hears ; one who attends to what la 
orally delivered by another ; an auditor ; one of an audi 
ence. 

HEARING, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the ear, as sound. 2. 
Listening to; attending to; obeying; observing what is 
commanded. 3. Attending to witnesses or advocates in a 
judicial trial ; trying. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE BOOK, 



HE A 



483 



HEA 



HEARING, n. 1. The faculty or sense by which sound is 
perceived. % Audience ; attention to what is delivered ; 
opportunity to be heard. 3. Judicial trial, attention to 
the facts, testimony, and arguments in a cause between 
parties, with a view to a just decision. 4. The act of per- 
ceiving sounds ; sensation or perception of sound. 5. 
Reach of the ear; extent within which sound may be 
heard ; as, out of hearing. 

HEiLRK'£N (hark'n), v. i. [Sax. heorcnian, hyrcnian.] 1. 
To listen: to lend the ear; to attenl to what is uttered 
with eagerness or curiosity. 2. To attend ; to regard : to 
give heed to what is uttered ; to observe or obey. 3. To 
listen ; to attend ; to grant or comply with. 

BEaRK'£N (hark'n), v. t. To hear by listening. [Rare.] 

£IEaRK' j EN j £D, pp. Heard by listening. 

tlEARK'iSN-ER (hark'n-er), n. A listener ; one who heark- 
ens. 

HEaRK'jEN-ING (hark'n-ing), ppr. Listening; attending; 
. observing. 

t HEARS A L (her'sal), for rehearsal. — Spenser. 

HeAR'SaY, n. Report ; rumor ; fame ; common talk. It 
is sometimes used as an adjective ; as, hearsay evidence. 

HEARSE (hers), n. 1. A temporary monument set over a 
grave. — Shah. ; [obs.] 2. An ornamented car in which the 
bodies of the great were carried to the cemetery ; [obs.] 
Hence, 3. A carriage for conveying the dead to the grave. 
4. A hind in the second year of her age. — Booth. — Encyc. 

HeARSE (hers), v. t. To inclose in a hearse ; to bury. — 
Shak. * 

HeARSE'-CLOTH (hers'-kloth), n. A pall ; a cloth to cov- 
er a hearse. — Sanderson. 

HeARSE'-LiKE (hers'-hke), a. Suitable to a funeral. 

HEART (hart), n. [Sax. heart ; G. herz ; D. hart.] 1. A 
muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood's 
motion in an animal body, situated in the thorax. 2. The 
inner part of any thing ; the middle part or interior ; as, 
the heart of a city. 3. That which has the shape or form 
of i heart. 4. The chief part ; the vital part ; the vigorous 
or efficacious part 5. The seat of the affections and pas- 
sions. — Scripture. 6. By a metonymy, heart is used for an 
affection or passion, and particularly for love. 7. The seat 
of the understanding ; as, an understanding heart. — Scrip- 
ture. 8. The seat of the will ; hence, secret purposes, in- 
tentions, or designs. — Scripture. 9. Person ; character ; 
[used with respect to courage or kindness.] — Shak. 10. Cour- 
age ; spirit. — Milton. 11. Secret thoughts ; recesses of the 
mind. 12. Disposition of mind. 13. Secret meaning ; real 
intention. 14. Conscience, or sense of good or ill. — Hook- 
er. 15. Strength ; power of producing ; vigor ; fertility. — 
Dryden. 16. The utmost degree. — Shak. 

~f'o get or learn by heart, to commit to memory. — To take to 
heart, to be much affected ; also, to be zealous about a 
thing.— To lay to hiart, is used nearly in the sense of the 
foregoing. — To set the heart on, to fix the desires on ; to 
be very fond o f . — To set the heart at rest, to make one's self 
quiet. — To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. — 
For my heart, for tenderness or affection. — To speak to one's 
heart, in Scripture, to speak kindly to ; to comfort ; to en- 
courage. — To have in the heart, to purpose ; to have design 
or intention. — A hard heart, cruelty ; want of sensibility. 

HEXRT, v. i. To encourage. [Not much used.] 

HEXRT-AF-FECTING, n. Affecting the heart 

HEaRT'-AL-LuR'ING, a. Suited to allure the affections.— 
Parnell. 

HEaRT-AP-PALL'ING, a. Dismaying the heart 

HEaRT-BREaK, n. Overwhelming sorrow or grief. — 
Shak. 

HEXRT-BREaK-ER n. A lady's curl ; a love-lock. 

HEaRT-BREaK-ING, a. Breaking the heart; overpower- 
ing with grief or sorrow. — Spenser. 

HEaRT'-BREaK-ING, n. Overpowering grief; deep af- 
fliction. — Hakewill. 

HEaRT'-BRED, a. Bred in the heart— Crashaw. 

HEaRT'-BROK'^N, a. Deeply afflicted or grieved. 

HEaK.T-BUR-I.ED (harf-ber-rid), a. Deeply immersed. 

HEART-BURN, n. Cardialgy ; a disease or affection of the 
stomach. 

HEART-BURN .ED, a. Having the heart inflamed. 

HEART-BURN-ING a. Causing discontent. 

HEART-BURN-ING, n. 1. Heart-burn, which see. 2. Dis- 
content ; secret enmity. — Swift. 

HEART-CHILLED, a. Having the heart chilled. 

HEART-€ON-SfjM'ING, a. Destroying peace of mind. 

HEART-€OR-RoD'ING, a. Preying oh the heart 

HEART-DEAR, a. Sincerely beloved.— Shak. 

HEART-DEEP, a. Rooted in the heart.— Herbert. 

HEART-DIS-COUR'A-GlNG, a. Depressing the spirits. 

HEaRT-eASE, n. Quiet ; tranquillity of mind. 

HEART-eAS ING, a. Giving quiet to the mind. 

HEART-eAT-ING, a. Preying on the heart. 

HEART-EN-LIV.EN-ING, a. ^Enlivening the heart. 

HEART-EX-PANDTNG, a. Enlarging the heart ; opening 
the feelings. — Thomson. 



HEART-FELT, a. Deeply felt ; deeply affecting, either as 
joy or sorrow. 

HEART-GRIEF, n. Affliction of the heart.— Milton. 

HEART-GRlND-ING, a. Grinding the heart— Mrs. Butler 

HEaRT'-HaRD-£N£D, a. Obdurate ; impenitent ■ unfeel- 
ing. — Harmer. 

HEaRT'-HaRD-^N-ING, a. Rendering cruel. 

HE ART-HE AV'I-NESS, n. Depression of spirits. 

HEART-HUM-BL£D, a. Humbled in heart— Moore. 

HEART-OF-FEND'ING, a. Wounding the heart 

HEART-PaIN-ING, a. Giving pain to the heart 

HEART-PeA, n. A plant, heart-seed, which see. 

HEaRT-PIeRC-ING, a. Piercing the heart. 

HEART-Pu'RI-Fy-ING, a. Purifying the heart 

HEART-QUELL-ING, a. Conquering the affection. 

HEART-REND-ING, a. Breaking the heart, overpowering 
with anguish ; deeply afflictive. 

HEaRT-RiS-ING, n. A rising of the heart; opposition. 

HEART-ROB-BIN G, a. 1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic 
2. Stealing the heart ; winning. 

HEARTS-BL66D H-blud), n. The blood of the heart, 

HEART-BL66D j life; essence. 

HEaRT'S'-eASE, n. A plant a species of violet ; also, a 
species of polygonum. 

HEaRT'-SeARCH-ING (-serch'ing), a. Searching the se- 
cret thoughts and purposes. 

HEART-SEED, n. A climbing plant with round seeds 
which are marked with a spot like a heart 

HEaRT'-SHaPjED (-shapt), a. Having the shape of a heart 

HEART-SICK, a. Sick at heart ; pained in mind ; deeply 
afflicted or depressed. 

HEaRT'-SI€K'£N-ING, a. Sickening the heart.— E. Everett. 

HEART-SoRE, n. That which pains the heart. 

HEART-SoRE, a. Deeply wounded.— Shak. 

HEART-SOR'RoW-ING, a. Sorrowing deeply. 

HEART-STiR-RING, a. Moving the heart 

t HEaRT'-STRiKE, v. t. To atfect at heart.— Ben Jonson. 

HEART-STRING, n. A hypothetical nerve or tendon, sup- 
posed to brace and sustain the heart. — Taijlor. 

HEaRT-STRUCK, a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in 
the mind. 2. Shocked with fear ; dismayed. 

HEART-SWELL-ING, a. Rankling in the heart 

HEART-THRILL-ING, a. Thrilling the heart. 

HEART-T6UCH-1NG (-tuch'ing) a. Affecting the heart 

HEART- WHEEL, n. The name of a well-known mechan 
ical contrivance (an elliptic wheel for converting a circu- 
lar motion into an alternating rectilinear one), common in 
cotton-mills. — Brande. 

HEART-WHOLE (-hole), a. 1. Not affected with love ; not 
in love, or not deeply affected. 2. Having unbroken spir 
its, or good courage. 

HEART-WOOD, n. The hard central part of the trunk of 
a tree, differing in color from the outer layers. 

HEART-WOUND-ED, a. Wounded with love or grief; 
deeply affected with some passion. — Pope. 

HEaRT'-WOUND-ING, a. Piercing with grief. 

HEaRT'aCHE (harf ake), n. Sorrow ; anguish of mind. 

HEARTED, a. 1. Taken to heart; [obs.] 2. Composed ot 
hearts ; [obs.] 3. Laid up in the heart. — Shak. This word 
is chiefly used in composition ; as, iiard-hearted, faint- 
hearted, &c. 

HEARTED-NESS, n. Sincerity ; warmth ; zeal ; [used in 
composition.] 

HEARTEN (harfn), v. t. 1. To encourage ; to animate ; to 
incite or stimulate courage. — Sidney. 2. To restore fer- 
tility or strength to. — May ; [little used.] 

HEART.EN-ER, ?z. He or that which gives courage or ani- 
mation. — Brown. 

HEARTH (harth. Herth is sanctioned by no recent orthoe- 
pist), n. [Sax. heorth.] 1. A pavement or floor of brick or 
stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made. — 2. Figura 
tively, the house itself, as the abode of comfort to its in 
mates, and of hospitality to strangers. — Smart. 

HEXRTH'-PEN^Y,' } n ' A tax on hearths.-Blackstone, 

HEaRTH'-SToNe/w. Stone forming the health ; fireside. 

HEaRTT-LY, adv. 1. From the heart ; with all the heart 
with sincerity. 2. With zeal ; as, heartily engaged. 3 
With eagerness ; freely ; largely ; as, eating heartily. — Syk 
Really ; sincerely ; fully ; cordially ; zealously ; vigorous 
ly ; actively ; warmly ; eagerly ; ardently ; earnestly. 

HEaRT'I-NESS, n. 1. Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnestness. 
2. Eagerness of appetite. 

HEARTLESS, a. 1. Without courage; spiritless; faint- 
hearted. — Dryden. 2. Without feeling or affection. 

HEaRTLESS-LY, adv. 1. Without courage or spirit - 
faintly ; timidly ; feebly. 2. Without feeling or affection. 

HEiiRTLESS-NESS, n. 1. Want of courage or spirit ; do 
jection of mind ; feebleness. — Bishop Hall. 2. Destitution 
of feeling or affection. 

HEXRTLET, n, A little heai-t 

HEaRTSOME (-sum), a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot 
tish.] 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsokU 



HEA 



484 



HEA 



HE ARTY, a. 1. Having the heart engaged in any thing. 2. 
Proceeding from the heart, as a welcome. 3. Being full 
of health ; sound ; strong ; healthy. 4. Strong ; durable, 
as wood. — Wotton; [not used in the United States.] 5. 
Having a keen appetite; eating much. 6. Strong; nour- 
ishing, as food. — Syn. Sincere ; real ; unfeigned ; undis- 
sembled ; cordial ; earnest ; warm ; zealous ; ardent ; ea- 
ger ; active ; vigorous. 

t HEaRTY-HaLE, a. Good for the heart.— Spenser. 

HeAT, n. [Sax. heat, hat.] 1. Heat, as a cause of sensation, 
is considered by some to be the result of the vibration of 
elastic media ; by others as a subtile fluid, contained in a 
greater or less degree in all bodies. — In modern chemistry, 
it is called caloric. 2. Heat, as a sensation, is the effect 
produced on the sentient organs of animals, by the passage 
of caloric, disengaged from stirrounding bodies, to the or- 
gans. 3. Hot air ; hot weather. 4. Any accumulation or 
concentration of the matter of heat or caloric ; as, a white 
heat. Hence, 5. The greatest accumulation of heat, or the 
time of such accumulation ; as, in the heat of the day. 6. 
The state of being once heated or hot. 7. A violent action 
unintermitted ; a single effort. 8. A single effort in run- 
ning ; a course at a race. 9. Redness of the face ; flush. 
— Addison. 10. Animal excitement ; violent action or agi- 
tation of the system. 11. Utmost violence ; rage ; vehe- 
mence ; as, the heat of battle. 12. Violence ; ardor. 13. 
Agitation of mind ; inflammation or excitement ; exas- 
peration. 14. Ardor ; fervency ; animation in thought or 
discourse. 15. Fermentation. 

HeAT, v. t. [Sax. hatan.] 1. To make hot ; to communi- 
cate heat to, or cause to be hot. 2. To make feverish. 3. 
To warm with passion or desire ; to excite ; to rouse into 
action. 4. To agitate the blood and spirits with action ; to 
excite animal action. 

HeAT, v. i. To grow warm or hot. 

HEAT, for heated, used by Shakspeare and Ben Jonson, is 
still sometimes used, and pronounced het ; but it is not el- 
egant. 

HeAT'ED, pp. or a. Made hot ; inflamed ; exasperated. 

HeAT'ER, n. 1. He or that which heats. 2. A mass of 
iron which is heated and inclosed in a box or case in or- 
der to heat or keep something hot ; as, a coffee-heater. 

HeAT'FUL, a. Full of warmth.— Sylvester. 

HEATH,' n. [Sax. hath.] 1. A narrow-leafed, evergreen 
shrub, of many species, having beautiful flowers, and grow- 
ing naturally on waste land in Britain. &c. 2. A place over- 
grown with heath. 3. A place overgrown with shrubs of 
any kind. 

HeATH'-€LAD, a. Clothed or crowned with heath.— 
Wordsworth. 

He ATH'-€0€K, ) n. A large bird which frequents heaths, 

HeATH'-GaME, 3 a species of grouse. — Carew. 

HeATH'-PeA, n. A species of bitter vetch, orobus. 

HeATH'-POUT, n. A bird, the same as the heath-cock. 

HeATH'-RoSE, n. A plant. — Ainsworth. 

HEATHEN (he'fhn), ?i. [Sax. hathen ; G.heide; D.heiden; 
Gr. edvo;.] 1. A pagan ; a Gentile ; one who worships 
idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. [Heathens is 
sometimes, though rarely, used in the plural.] 2. A rude, 
illiterate, barbarous person. 

HeA'THjBN, a. Gentile ; pagan. — Addison. 

HeA'TH.EN-DoM, n. That part of the world where hea- 
thenism prevails. — Irving: 

HEATH.EN-ISH, a. 1. Belonging to Gentiles or pagans ; 
idolatrous ; pagan. 2. Rude ; illiterate ; wild ; uncivil- 
ized. 3. Barbarous ; savage ; cruel ; rapacious. 

He ATH.EN-ISH-LY, adv. After the manner of heathens. 

HeA'THEN-ISH-NESS, n. A profane state, like that of the 
heathens. 

He ATH.EN-ISM, n. 1. Gentilism ; paganism ; ignorance of 
the true God ; idolatry. 2. Rudeness ; barbarism ; igno- 
rance. 

HeA'THEN-iZE, v. t. To render heathen or heathenish. 

HeATH.EN-iZ.ED, pp. Rendered heathen or heathenish. 

He A'THEN-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering heathenish. 

HeA'TH.EN-NESS, n. State of being heathens. 

HeATH'ER (hefh'er. This is the only pronunciation in 
Scotland), n. Heath. 

HeATH'ER-BELLS, n. pi. The blossoms of the heather. — 
Burns. 

HS ATH'ER-Y, a. Heathy ; abounding in heather. — Hemans. 

He ATHY, a. Full of heath, abounding with heath. 

HeAT'ING, ppr. 1. Making warm or hot ; inflaming ; rous- 
ing the passions ; exasperating. 2. a. Tending to impart 
heat to ; promoting warmth or heat ; exciting action ; stim- 
ulating. 

HeATTNG-LY, adv. In a way to heat. 

HEAT'LESS, a. Destitute of heat ; cold.— Beaum. and Fl. 

HeAVE (heev), v. t. ; pret. heaved, or hove ; pp. heaved, hove, 
formerly hoven. [Sax. heafan, hefan, heqfan,] 1. To lift ; 
to raise ; to move upward. 2. To cause to 6well. — Thom- 
son. 3. To raise or force from the breast, as a groan. 4, 
To raise ; to elevate : with high. 5. To puif ; to elate. — 



Hay ward. 6. To throw; to cast; to se*i<?.. 7 Tj ritee 
forcibly by turning a windlass ; to hoist : v^ith v-jj. p. To 
turn a windlass or capstan with bars or 1pvo;s — TV heave 
ahead, to force a vessel forward by any mea»^, when not 
under sail. — To heave astern, to cause to recede; to draw 
back. — To heave down, to throw or lay down on one side , 
to careen. — To heave out, to throw out. — With seamen, to 
loose or unfurl a sail, particularly the stay-sails. — To heave 
to, to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her mo- 
tion. — To heave up, to throw up ; to relinquish; [vulgar.] 

HeAVE (heev), v. i. 1. To swell, distend, or dilate. 2. To 
pant ; to breathe with labor or pain. 3. To keck ; to make 
an effort to vomit. 4. To rise in billows, as the sea ; to 
swell. 5. To rise ; to be lifted. 6. To rise or swell, as the 
earth at the breaking up of frost. — To heave in sight, to 
appear ; to make its first appearance. 

HeAVE (heev), n. 1. A rising or swell ; an exertion or ef- 
fort upward. 2. A rising swell, or distention, as of the 
breast. 3. An effort to vomit. 4. An effort to rise. 

HEAVE'-OF-FER-ING, n. Among the Jews, an offering to 
God, so called from its being heaved or raised up in the air. 
The same as wave-offering. — Robinson. 

HkAVEI), pp. Lifted; swelled; panted; tried to vomit. 

HEAVEN (hev'n), n. [Sax. heafen, hefen, heofen.] 1. The 
region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which 
appears above and around us, like an immense arch or 
vault, in which are seen the sun, moon, and stars. — 2. 
Amdhg Christians, the part of space in which the omni- 
present Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible mani- 
festations of his glory. — 3. Among pagans, the residence 
of the celestial gods. 4. The sky or air ; the region of 
the atmosphere ; or an elevated place ; [in a very indef- 
inite sense.] — 5. The Hebrews acknowledged three heavens : 
the air, or aerial heavens ; the firmament, in which the 
stars are supposed to be placed ; and the heaven of heav- 
ens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah. Brown. 
— 6. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and 
around the earth into two parts : the atmosphere, or aerial 
heaven, and the ethereal heaven, beyond the region of the 
air, in which there is supposed to be a thin, iinresisting 
medium, called ether. 7. The Supreme Power ; the Sov- 
ereign of heaven ; God. 8. The pagan deities ; celestials, 
9. Elevation ; sublimity. 10. Supreme felicity ; great hap- 
piness. 

HEAV'£N-AS-PlR'ING. a. Aspiring to heaven. 

HEAVEN-BANISHED (-isht), a. Banished from heaven 

He A V.EN-BE-GOT', a. Begot by a celestial being.— Dryden 

HE A VEN-BORN, a. Bornfrom heaven ; native of heaven, 
or of the. celestial regions. — Pope. 

HeAV'JEN-BRED, a. Produced or cultivated in heaven. 

HeAVEN-BRiGHT (-brite), a. Bright as heaven. 

HeAVEN-BUiLT (-bilt),. a. Built by the agency or favoi 
of the gods. — Pope. 

HeAV'jEN-€OM-MIS'SION.ED, a. Commissioned divinely. 

HeAVEN-DaR-ING, a. Offering defiance to heaven, or tc 
the divine will and commands. 

HeAVEN-DI-RE€T'ED, a.. 1. Pointing to the sky. 2 
Taught or directed by the celestial powers. — Pope. 

HeAVEN-EX-ALT'ED, a. Exalted to heaven. 

HEAVEN-FALL'iCN, a. Fallen from heaven ; having re 
volted from God. — Milton. 

HeAVEN-GIFT'ED, a. Bestowed by heaven.— Milton 

HeAV.EN-GIV-.EN. a. Given by heaven.— Verplanck. 

HeAVEN-GUiD-ED, a. Divinely guided.— Milton. 

HeAV.EN-IN-SPiR.ED', a. Inspired by heaven.— Milton. 

HeAVjEN-IN-STRUCTED, a. Taught by heaven.— Cra 
shaw. 

HEAV.EN-KISSTNG, a. Touching as it were the sky. 

HEAVEN-L6V.ED (-luvd), a. Beloved by heaven.— Milton. 

HeAVEN-PRO-TE€T'ED, a. Protected by divine power. 

HeAVEN-SA-LuTING, a. Touching the sky .—Crashaw 

HeAVjEN-WAR'RING, a. Warring against heaven. 

HeAVEN-iZE (hev'n-ize), v. t. To render like heaven.— 
Bishop Hall ; [not authorized.] 

HeAVEN-LI-NESS, n. Supreme excellence. 

HeAVEN-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to heaven. 2. Resembling 
heaven ; supremely excellent. 3. Inhabiting heaven.- 
Syn. Celestial ; godlike ; divine ; angelic ; spiritual ; bliss- 
ful ; beatific. 

HeAVEN-LY, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that oi 
heaven. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven. 

HeAVEN-LY-MiND'ED, a. Having the affections placed 
on heaven, and on spiritual things. 

HeAV.EN-LY-MiND'ED-NESS, n. The state of having the 
affections placed on heavenly things. 

HeAVjEN-WARD, adv. Toward heaven.— Prior. 

He AVER, n. One who heaves or lifts. — Among seamen, a 
staff for a lever. 

HEAVES (heevz), n. A disease of horses, characterized by 
difficult and laborious respiration. 

HE A VI-LY (hev'e-ly), adv. 1. With great weight. 2. With 
great weight of grief; grievously ; afflictively. 3. Sorrow 
fully ; with grief. 4. With an air of sorrow or dejection 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, e, I, &c. F short.- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— W > VE, BOC 



HEC 



485 



HED 



5. With weight ; oppressively. 6. Slowly and laborious- 
ly ; with difficulty. 

HEAVI-NESS (hev'e-nes), n. 1. Weight ; ponderousness ; 
gravity; the quality of being heavy. 2. Sadness; sorrow; 
gloom ; dejection of mind ; depression of spirits. 3. Slug- 
gishness ; torpidness ; dullness of spirit ; languidness ; lan- 
guor ; lassitude. 4. Weight ; burden ; oppression, as of 
taxes. 5. That which it requires great strength to move 
or overcome ; that which creates labor and difficulty. 6. 
Thickness ; moistness ; deepness, as of earth. 7. Thick- 
ness ; moistness, as of air. 

HEAVING, ppr. or a. Lifting; swelling; throwing; pant- 
ing ; making an effort to vomit. 

HEAVING, n. A rising or swell; a panting. — Sliak. 

HEAVI-S6ME (hev'e-sum), a. Dark ; dull ; drowsy. [Lo- 
cal] 

HEAVY (hev'y), a. [Sax. hcafig, hefig.] 1. Weighty ; pon- 
derous ; having great weight. 2. Sad! ; sorrowful ; deject- 
ed ; depressed in mind. 3. Grievous ; afflictive ; depress- 

* ing to the spirits. 4. Burdensome ; oppressive ; as, to 
rule with a heavy hand. 5. Wanting life and animation ; 
dull. 6. Drowsy ; dull. 7. Wanting spirit or animation ; 
destitute of life or rapidity of sentiment ; dull. 8. Want- 
ing activity or vivacity ; indolent. 9. Slow ; sluggish. 10. 
Burdensome ; tedious ; as, heavy hours. 11. Loaded ; en- 
cumbered; burdened. — Bacon. 12. Lying with weight on 
the stomach ; not easily digested. 13. Moist ; deep ; soft ; 
miry, as earth, 14. Difficult; laborious. 15. Weary; sup- 
ported with pain or difficulty. 16. Inflicting severe evils, 
punishments, or judgments. 17. Burdensome; occasion- 
ing great care. 18. Dull ; not hearing ; inattentive. 19. 
Large, as billows ; swelling and rolling with great force. 

20. Large in amount, as an investment, charges, or costs. 

21. Thick ; dense ; black. 22. Violent ; tempestuous, as 
a storm. 23. Large ; abundant ; copious ; as, a heavy dew. 

24. Great; violent; forcible, as a discharge of artillery. 

25. Not raised by leaven or fermentation ; not light ; 
clammy. 26. Requiring much labor or much expense. 
27. Loud. — Heavy metal 'in military affairs, signifies large 
guns, carrying balls of a large size. 

HE AVY (hev'y), adv. With great weight. [ Used in compo- 
sition.] 

v HEAVY (hev'y), v. t. To make heavy.— Wickliffe. 

HEAVY-BROWED, a. Having heavy brows. 

HE A VY-HAND-ED, a. Clumsy ; not active or dextrous. 

HEAVY-HEAD-ED, a. Having a heavy or dull head. — Scott. 

HeAVY-LaD'^N, a. Laden with a heavy burden. 

HEAVY-SPiR, n. A heavy, sparry mineral, consisting of 
baryta and sulphuric acid. 

HEA'Z Y, a. [Ice. hoese.] Hoarse ; wheezing. [Local] 

f HEB'DO-MAD, n. [Gr. eSSouas; L. hebdomada.] A week ; 
a period of seven days. — Brown. 

HEB-DOM'AD-AL, \a. Weekly; consisting of seven days, 

HEB-DOM'AD-A-RY, 3 or occurring every seven days. 

HEB-DOM'AD-A-RY, n. A member of a chapter or con- 
vent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir. 

HEB-DO-MAT1G-AL, a. Weekly.— Bp. Morton. 

HEB'EN, n. Ebony.— Spenser. 

HEB'E-TaTE, v. t. [L. hebeto.] To dull ; to blunt ; to stu- 
pefy. 

HEB'E-TI-TED, pp. Made blunt, dull, or stupid. 

HEB'E-Ta-TING, ppr. Rendering blunt, dull, or stupid. 

HEB-E-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of making blunt, dull, or 
stupid. 2. The state of being dulled. 

t HEB'ETE, a. Dull ; stupid. 

HEB'E-TUDE, n. [L. hebetudo.] Dullness ; stupidity. 

HE-BRa'I€, a. [from Hebrew.] Pertaining to the Hebrews ; 
designating the language of the Hebrews. 

Hii;-±5JttA'i€-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Hebrew 
language ; from right to left. — Swift. 

* HE'BRA-ISM, n. A Hebrew idiom. 

* He'BRA-IST, n. One versed in the Hebrew language. 
HE-BRA-ISTIC, a. Pertaining to or resembling Hebrew. 
He'BRA-IZE, v. t. To convert into the Hebrew idiom ; to 

make Hebrew. — J. P. Smith. 

He'BRA-iZE, v. i. To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the 
Hebrews. 

HE'BRA-lZ£D. pp. Converted into the Hebrew idiom. 

HETBREW (heTmi), n. [Heb. *&£, Eber, either a proper 
name, or a name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming 
from beyond the Euphrates.] 1. One of the descendants 
of Eber, or Heber ; but particularly, a descendant of Ja- 
cob, who was a descendant of Eber ; an Israelite ; a Jew. 
2. The Hebrew language. 

HE'BREW, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews. 

HE'BREW-ESS, n. An Israelitish woman. 

HE-BRl"CIAN (he-brish'an), n. One skilled in the Hebrew 
language. [Less proper.] See Hebraist. 

HE-BRID1-AN, a. Pertaining to the Hebrides. 

HECA-T5MB (hek'a-toom), n. [L. hecatombe.] In antiquity, 
a sacrifice of a hundred oxen or beasts of the same kind ; 
hence, sometimes, indefinitely, any sacrifice of a large num- 
ber of victims. 



HECK, n. 1. An engine or instrument for catching fish. 2 
A rack for holding fodder for cattle ; [local] 3. A bend 
in a stream. 4. A hatch or latch of a door ; [local] 

HECK'LE (hekl), v. t. A different orthography of hackle, or 
hatchel. 

HE-G'TARE, n. [Gr. exaToy, and L. area.] A French meas- 
ure containing a hundred ares, or nearly 2£ English acres. 

HECTIC, \a. [Gr. ektikoS.] 1. Habitual; pertaining to 

HEC'TIC-AL, 5 hectic. 2. Affected with hectic fevers. 

HECTIC, n. An exacerbating and remittent fever, with 
stages of chilliness, heat, and sweat, variously intermixed. 

HECTIC-AL-LY, adv. Constitutionally. — Johnson. 

HEC'TO-GRAM, In. [Gr. cxarov and ypu^a.] In the 

HE-G'TO-GRAMME, 5 French system of weights and meas- 
ures, a weight containing a hundred grammes, or about 3£ 
oz. avoirdupois. 

HEC-TOL'I-TER, \n. [Gr. enarov and \irpa.] A French 

HE-G'TO-Li'-TRE, ) measure of capacity, containing a 
hundred litres, i. e., nearly 26J gallons of wine measure, or 
2| Winchester bushels. 

HEC-TOM'E-TER, \ n. [Gr. ikutov and nerpov.] A French 

HE-6'TO-ME-TRE, J measure equal to a hundred metres, 
or about 328 English feet. 

HECTOR, n. [from Hector, the son of Priam, and leader of 
the Trojans.] 1. A bully; a blustering, turbulent, noisy 
fellow. 2. One who teases or vexes. 

HECTOR v. t. 1. To threaten ; to bully ; to treat with in- 
solence. 2. To tease ; to vex ; to torment by words. 

HECTOR, v. i. To play the bully , to bluster. 

HECTORED, pp. Bullied; teazed. 

HECTOR-ING, ppr. Bullying; blustering; vexing. 

HECTOR-ISM, n. The disposition or practice of a hector ; 
a bullying. — Ch. Relig. Appeal 

HECTOR-LY, a. Blustering ; insolent.— Barrow. 

HED'DLES (-dlz), n. pi The harness for guiding the warp 
threads in a loom. — Buchanan. 

HED'EN-BERG-lTE, n. A dark, or nearly black, cleavable 
variety of augite, containing much oxyd of iron. — Dana. 

HED-E-Ra'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. [L. hederaceus.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to ivy. 2. Producing ivy. 

HED'E-RAL, a. Composed of ivy ; belonging to ivy. 

HED-E-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. liedera and fero.] Producing ivy. 

HEDGE (hej), n. [Sax. hege, heag, hag, hegge ; G. heck ; D. 
heg, haag.] Properly, a thicket of thorn-bushes or other 
shrubs or small trees; but appropriately, such a thicket 
planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate 
the parts of a garden. — Hedge, prefixed to another word, 
or in composition, denotes something mean ; as, a hedge- 
priest ; [not thus used in the United States.] 

HEDGE (hej), v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge ; to fence 
with a thicket of shrubs or small trees ; to separate by a 
hedge. 2. To obstruct with a hedge, or to obstruct in any 
manner. 3. To surround for defense ; to fortify. 4. To 
inclose for preventing escape. 5. To guard or protect; 
as, to hedge one's bets, that is, after having bet on one side, 
to bet also on the other side, and thus guard against any 
great loss, whatever may be the result. — Smart. 

HEDGE (hej), v. i. 1. To hide, as in a hedge ; to skulk. 2. 
To bet on both sides, as a security against loss. See 
above, No. 5. 

HEDGE-BILL, \n, A cutting hook used in dressing 

HEDg'ING-BILL, 5 hedges. 

HEDGE'-BORN, a. Of low birth, as if born in the woods , 
outlandish ; obscure. — Shak. 

HEDgE'-BoTE, n. Wood for repairing hedges. 

HEDgE'-€_REEP-ER, n. One who skulks under hedges 

HEDGE-FU'MI-TO-RY, n. A plant.— Ainsworth. 

HEDgE'-HyS-SOP, n. A bitter herb of the genus gratiola. 

HEDgE'-MUS-TARD, n. A plant of the genus erysimum. 

HEDgE'-NET-TLE, n. An herb or undershrub of the ge- 
nus stachys, whose flowers grow in spikes. 

HEDgE'-NoTE, n. A term of contempt for low writing. 

HEDgE'-SPAR-RoW, n. A small European bird frequent- 
ing hedges. 

HEDgE'-STaKE, n. A stake to support a hedge. 

HEDgE'-WRiT-ER, n. A Grub-street writer, or low author. 

HEDGEHOG, n. 1. A quadruped of the genus erinaoeus. 
The common hedgehog has round ears and crested nos- 
trils ; his body is about nine inches long, and the upper 
part is covered with prickles or spines. 2. A term of re 
proach. — Shak. 3. A plant of the genus medicago, or snail- 
trefoil, having spiny pods. 4. The globe-fish.— Ash. The 
sea-hedgehog is the echinus, a genus of zoophytes. See 
Echinus. 

HEDgETIOG-THIS'TLE (-this!), n. A plant, the cactus. 

HEDgE'LESS, a. Having no hedge. 

HEDGE'PIG, n. A young hedgehog.— Shak. 

HEDGE'RoW, n. A row or series "of shrubs or trees plant 
ed for inclosure, or separation of fields. 

HEDG'ER, n. One who makes hedges. 

HEDGING, ppr. Inclosing with a hedge ; confining. 

HEDGING-BILL, n. A bill or hook, like a sickle, for prun 
ing hedges. 



D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOU3.— <C as K; G as J: S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HEI 



486 



HEL 



HK-DON'I€J, a. [Gr. tfovv, pleasure.] In antigidty, the He- 
donic sect was one who considered the enjoyment of 
pleasure as the highest good. 

He'DY-PHXNE, n. [Gr. t)5vs and <f>aivu).] A white or gray- 
ish mineral, of an adamantine lustre, consisting of oxyd 
of lead and lime, with arsenic and phosphoric acids, and 
some chlorine. — Dana. 

HEED, v. t. [Sax. hedan.] To mind; to regard with care ; 
to take notice of ; to attend to ; to observe ; to notice. 

HEED, n. 1. Care ; attention. 2. Caution ; care ; watch 
for danger ; notice ; circumspection. 3. Notice ; observa- 
tion ; regard ; attention. 4. Seriousness ; a steady look. 
— -Shak. ; [little used.] 

HEED, v. i. To mind ; to consider. — Warton. 

HEED'ED. pp. Noticed ; observed ; regarded. 

HEED'FUL, a. 1. Attentive ; observing ; giving heed. 2. 
Watchful ; cautious ; circumspect ; wary. 

HEED'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively ; carefuUy ; cautiously. 
2. Watchfully. 

HEED'FUL-NESS, n. Attention ; caution ; vigilance ; cir- 
cumspection ; care. 

t HEED'I-NESS, n. Caution ; vigilance.— Spenser. 

HEED'LESS, a. Inattentive ; careless ; remiss ; negligent ; 
thoughtless ; regardless ; unobserving. 

HEEDTESS-LY, adv. Carelessly; negligently; inattentive- 
ly ; without care or circumspection. 

HEED'LESS-NESS, n. Inattention ; carelessness ; thought- 
lessness ; negligence. — Locke. 

HEEL, n. [Sax. hel, hela.] 1. The hind part of tho foot. 2. 
The whole foot. — Denham. 3. The hind pu-t of a shoe, 
either for man or beast. 4. The part of a stocking intend- 
ed for the heel ; as, to be out at the heels, used figurative- 
ly to denote being in bad condition. 5. Something shaped 
like the human heel ; a protuberance or knob. — Mortimer. 
6. The latter part, as of a legislative session. 7. A spur. 
8. The after end of a ship's keel ; the lower end of the 
stern-post to which it is connected ; also, the lower end of 
a mast. — To be at the heels, to pursue closely ; to follow 
hard ; also, to attend closely. — To show the heels, to flee ; 
to run from. — To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to 
flight. — To lay by the heels, to fetter ; to shackle ; to con- 
fine. — To have the heels of, to outrun. — Neck and heels, the 
whole length of the body. 

HEEL, v. i. To dance.— Shak. 

HEEL, v. t. 1. To arm a cock. 2. To add a heel to. 

HEEL, v. i. [Sax. hyldan.] To incline ; to lean. 

HEEL'-PIeCE, n. 1. Armor for the heels.— Chesterfield. 2. 
A piece of leather on the heel of a shoe. 

HEEL-TAP, n. A small piece of leather for the heel of a 
boot or shoe. 

HEEL'-TAP, v. t. To add a piece of leather to the heel of 
a shoe. 

HE EL ED, pp. Supplied with a heel. 

HEEL'ER, n. A cock that strikes vrell with his heels. 

HEELING, ppr. Supplying with a heel. 

HEFT, n. [Sax. hefe.) 1. Heaving; effort. — Shak. ; [obs.] 
2. [D. heft.] A handle; a haft.— Waller; [obs.] 3. Weight; 
ponderousness. [This use is common in popular lan- 
guage in America; and we sometimes hear it used as a 
verb ; as, to heft, to lift for the purpose of feeling or judg- 
ing of the weight. Provincial in England. See Holloway.] 

HEFT, v. t. To try the weight of any thing by lifting it.— 
Holloway. [Provincial in England, colloquial in America.] 

HEFTED, a. Heaved ; expressing agitation. — Shak. 

HE-6E-MON'I€, \a. [GvJjyeuoviKog.] Ruling; predom- 

HE-GE-MON'ICAL, J inant.— Fotherby. 

* HE-61T1A, n. [Ar. from hajara, to remove, to desert.] In 

chronology, an epoch among the Mohammedans, from which 
they compute time. The event which gave rise to it was 
the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, July 16, A. D. 622. 

HeIF'ER (hef'er), n. [Sax. heafre.] A young cow. 

HElGH'-Ho (hi'-ho). An exclamation expressing some de- 
gree of languor or uneasiness. Dry den has used it for the 
voice of exultation. 

* HEIGHT \ (hite), n. [Sax. heahtho, healho, hehthe, heotho, 
HIGHT > hethe, hihth, hyhthe. The spelling hight, as 

from high, was once in use, and would be preferable.] 
1. Elevation above the ground ; any indefinite distance 
above the earth. 2. The altitude of an object; the dis- 
tance which any thing rises above its foot, basis, or foun- 
dation. 3. Elevation of a star or other celestial luminary 
above the horizon. 4. Degree of latitude, either north or 
south. — Johnson. 5. Distance of one thing above another. 

6. An eminence ; a summit ; an elevated part of any thing. 

7. A hill or mountain ; any elevated ground. 8. Elevation 
of rank ; station of dignity or office. — Shak. 9. Elevation 
in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts. 10. 
Elevation in fame or reputation. 11. Utmost degree in ex- 
tent or violence, as of a disease. 12. Utmost exertion. — 
Shak. 13. Advance ; degree ; progress toward perfection 
or elevation. — Addison. 

HEIGHTEN > (hifn), v. t. 1. To raise higher ; [but not 
HIGHT'EN 5 often used in this literal sense.] 2. To ad- 



vance in progress toward a better state ; to improve ; t© 

meliorate ; to increase in excellence. 3. To aggravate 
to advance toward a worse state ; to augment in violence, 
as distress. 4. To increase, as enjoyment. — 5. In painting 
to make prominent by touches of light or brilliant colors 
as contrasted with the shadows. — Brande. 

HEIGHTENED ) (hit'nd), pp. or a. Raised higher; ele- 

HlGHT'ENED j vated; exalted; advanced; improved, 
aggravated ; increased. 

HEIGHTEN-ER, > n , , . , . 

HIGHTEN-ER, \ n - 0ne who heightens. 

HElGHT'EN-ING ) (hit'n-ing), ppr. or a. Raising ; eleva- 

HlGHT'EN-ING j ting; exalting; improving; increae 
ing ; aggravating. 

HEIGHTENING ) (hifn-ing), n. 1, The act of elevating ; 

HlGHT'EN-ING } increase of excellence ; improvement 
2. Aggravation ; augmentation. 

* HEINOUS (ha'nus), a. [The orthography hainous, as used 

by some old writers, would be preferable, as it gives the 
true pronunciation and derivation of this word, which is 
from the Fr. hainevx.] Properly, hateful ; odious ; hence, 
characterized by great wickedness. — Syn. Enormous ; ex- 
cessive ; aggravated ; great ; monstrous ; flagrant ; flagi- 
tious ; atrocious. 

* HEIN'OUS-LY, adv. Hatefully; abominably; enormously 

* HEIN'OUS-NESS, n. Odiousness ; enormity. 

HEIR (are), n. [Norm, hier, here.] 1. The man who sue 
ceeds, or is to succeed another in the possession of lands, 
tenements, and hereditaments, by descent. 2. One who 
inherits, or takes from an ancestor. 3. One who succeeds 
to the estate of a former possessor. 4. One who is enti- 
tled to possess. 

HEIR (are), v.t. To inherit; to take possession of an es- 
tate or inheritance after the death of the ancestor. 

HEIR-AP-PaR'ENT. n. The man who, during the life of 
his ancestor, has the right to succeed to his estate or 
crown. 

HEIR'-LOOM (are-loom), n. [heir, and Sax. loma.] Any 
furniture, movable, or personal chattel which, by law, de 
scends to the heir with the house or freehold. 

HEIR-PRE-SUMP'TlVE, n. One who, if the ancestor 
should die immediately, would be heir, but whose right 
of inheritance may be defeated by any contingency as by 
the birth of a nearer relative. 

HEIR'DoM (are'dum), n. Succession by inheritance. — 
Burke. 

HEIRESS (are'es), n. A female heir ; a female who inher- 
its an estate ; an inheritrix. 

HEIRLESS (areles), a. Destitute of an heir. 

HEIR'SHIP (are'ship), n. The state, character, or privileges 
of an heir ; right of inheriting. 

HELD, pret. and pp. of hold. 

tHELE, v. t. [L. celo.] To hide. — Gower. [This is the ma- 
sonic heil, or hail, to conceal, which is mistaken for hail, to 
salute.] 

He'LLAC, ) a. [L. heliacus.] Emerging from the light 

HE-LlAC-AL, > of the sun ; [applied to the rising of & 
6tar or planet;] passing into the sun's light; [applied to 
the setting of a star, &c.] 

HE-LlAC-AL-LY, ado. A star rises heliacally when it 
emerges from the sun's light, so as to be visible. See He- 
liacal. 

HEL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. i\i%.] Spiral ; winding ; coiled in a spi 
ral form. 

HEL'I-CTTE, n. Fossil remains of the helix, a shell. 

HEL'I-COID, a. [Gr. (\i\ and eiSoc] In geometry, an epi- 
thet applied to a curve which, when the axis of the com- 
mon parabola is bent into the circumference of a circle, 
passes through the ends of the ordinates. — Brande. 

HEL'I-€ON, n. A mountain in Bceotia, in Greece, from 
which flowed a fountain. The Greeks placed here the 
residence of the Muses. 

HEL-I-Go'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Helicon. 

He'LING, n. [L. celo.] The covering of the roof of a build 
ing ; written, also, hilling. [Not American use.] 

HE-LI-O-CEN'TRIC, a. [Fr. heliocentrique.] A term denot 
ing the position of a heavenly body as seen from the sun , 
opposed to geocentric. 

HE-LI-O-GRAPH'IC, a. Pertaining to heliographs 

HE-LI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. f,\ioS and y pa<pa>] The art of 
fixing images of objects by the camera obscura. [This 
name is preferable to that of Daguerreotype, which see.] 

HE-LI-OLA-TER, n. [Gr. f,\ios and \arpevuj.] A worship- 
er of the sun. — Drummond. 

HE-LI-OLA-TRY, n. [Gr. /jXto? and \arpeia.] The worship 
of the sun, a branch of Sabianism. 

HE-LI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. f,hos and ^crpeo).] A kind of 
micrometer, for measuring the apparent diameter of the 
sun, and also to measure any small celestial space. 

HE'LI-O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. {frioS and oko<ku>.] A sort of tel 
escope fitted for viewing the sun without dazzling the 
eyes. 

HE'LI-O-STAT n. [Gr. j^Xjos and frraToc] An instrument by 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- MARINE, BiRD ;— Mb VE, BOOK. 



HEL 



487 



HEM 



which a sunbeam may be introduced into a dark room, 
and. by means of clock-work, kept steadily in one spot — 
Brande. 

He'LI-O-TROPE, n. [Gr. f,XioS and T poKt].] 1. Among the 
ancients, an instrument or machine for showing when the 
sun arrived at the tropics and the equinoctial line. 2. 
The popular name of certain plants of the genus heliotro- 
pium, whose flowers are said to turn toward the sun. 3. 
A green mineral of the quartz kind, often marked with 
blood-red points. 

HEL-I-SPHER'I€, 1 a. Spiral. The helispkerical line is 

HEL-I-SPHER'IC-AL, ) the rhumb line in navigation. 

He'LIX, n. ; pi. Hel'i-ces. [Gr. iXi^.] 1. A spiral line, as of 
wire in a coil; a circumvolution, or something that is 
spiral, as a winding stair-case, or a small volute in the Co- 
rinthian capital, or the outer margin of the ear. — 2. In zo- 
ology, the snail-shell. 

HELL, n. [Sax. hell, kelle.] 1. The place or state of pun- 
ishment for the wicked after death. 2. The place of the 
dead, or of souls after death; the lower regions, or the 
grave. — 3. The pains of hell, temporal death, or agonies 
that dying persons feel, or which bring to the brink of the 
grave. — 4. The gates of hell, the power and policy of Sa- 
tan and his instruments. 5. The infernal powers. 6. The 
place at a running play to which are carried those who are 
caught. — Sidney. 7. A place into which a tailor throws 
his shreds, or a printer his broken type. — Hudibras. 8. 
A dungeon or prison ; [obs.] 9. A gambling-house. 

HELL'-BEND-ER, n. A name given to the large North 
American salamander. 

HELL'-BLA€K, a. Black as hell.— Shah. 

HELL'-BORN, a. Born in hell. 

HELL'-BRED, a. Produced in hell.— Spenser. 

HELL'-BREW£D (-bru.de), a. Prepared in hell. 

HELL'-BROTH, n. A composition for infernal purposes. 

HELL'-€AT, n. A witch ; a hag.—Middleton. 

HELL-CON-FOUNDTNG, a. Defeating the infernal powers. 

HELL-DOOM.ED, a. Doomed or consigned to helL — 
Milton. 

HELL'-G6V-ERNED, a. Directed by hell.— Shah. 

HELL'-HAG, n. A hag of hell. 

HELL'-HIT-ED, a. Abhorred as hell.— Shah. 

HELL'-HaUNT-ED, a. Haunted by the devil. 

HELL'-HOUND, n. A dog of hell ; an agent of hell. 

HELL'-KiTE, n. A kite of an infernal breed. 

HEL LAN-OD'IC, n. [Gr. iXXnv and 5iktj.] In ancient Greece, 
a judge of the games, exercises, or combats, who decided 
to whom the prizes belonged. 

HEL'LE-BORE, n. [L. helleborus.] The name of several 
poisonous herbs of different genera, the most important of 
which are the black hellebore, Christmas rose, or Christ- 
mas flower, and the white hellebore. 

HEL'LE-BO-RISM, n. A medicinal preparation of hellebore. 
— Ferrand. 

HEL-Lf/NI-AN, 7 a. [Gr. LXXnviKo;, eXXnvio?.] Pertaining to 

HEL-LEN'IC, 5 the Hellenes, or inhabitamts of Greece. 

HEL'LEN-ISM, n. [Gr. eX\r)viouo$.] A phrase in the idiom, 
genius, or construction of the Greek language. 

HEL'LEN-IST, n. [Gr. eXXriviarns.] 1. A^ Grecian Jew; a 
Jew who used the Greek language. 2. One skilled in the 
Greek language. 

HEL-LEN-ISTIC, a. Pertaining to the Hellenists ; as, hel- 
lenistic Greek, i. e., Greek intermingled with Hebraisms. 

HEL-LEN-ISTIC-AL-LY, adv. According to the Hellenistic 
dialect— -Gr^ary. 

HEL'LEN-lZE, v. i. To use the Greek language. 

HEL'LES-PONT, n. A narrow strait between Europe and 
Asia, now called the Dardanelles. 

HEL-LES-PONT'lNE, a. Pertaining to the Hellespont. 

t HEL'LI-ER, n. A tiler or slater. See Hele. 

HELI/ISH, a. 1. Pertaining to hell. 2. Like hell in quali- 
ties ; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable. 

HELLTSH-LY, adv. Infernally ; with extreme malignity ; 
wickedly ; detestably. — Bp. Barlow. 

HELL'ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of hell or of its inhabi- 
tants ; extreme wickedness, malignity, or impiety. 

HELLWARD, adv. Toward hell.— Pope. 

HELL'Y, a. Having the qualities of hell. — Anderson. 

HELM, a termination, denotes defense ; as in Sighelm, vic- 
torious defense. 

HELM, n. [Sax. helma ; G. helm.] 1. The instrument by 
which a ship is steered. 2. Station of government ; the 
place of direction or management ; as, the helm of state. 

HELM, v. t. 1. To steer ; to guide ; to direct. — Shak. ; [lit- 
tle used.] 2. To cover with a helmet. — Milton. 

HELM, In. [Sax. helm.] 1. Defensive armor for the 

HELM'ET, \ head ; a head-piece ; a morion. 2. The part 
of a coat of arms that bears the crest. — Johnson. 3. The 
upper part of a retort. Boyle. — 4. In botany, the hooded 
upper Up of some flowers. 

KELM'AdE, n. Guidance. 

HELM'ET-ED } a ' Furnished with a helmet. 



HEL-MIN'THIC, a. [Gr. iXuivi.] Relating to worms ; e* 
pelling worms. 

HEL-M1NTHIC, n. A medicine for expelling worms. 

HEL-MIN-THO-LOG'IC, )a. Pertaining to worms or 

HEL-MIN-THO-LOGTC-AL, i vermes. ' 

HEL-MIN-THOL'O-GIST, n. One who is versed in the nat 
ural history of vermes, or worms. 

HEL-MIN-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. iXuirf and Xoyos.] The sci- 
ence or knowledge of vermes, or worms ; the description 
and natural history o'f vermes. 

HELM'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a helmet 2. Without n 
helm. 

HELMS'MAN, n. The man at the helm. 

HELMWIND, n. A wind in the mountainous parts of En- 
gland, so called. — Burn. 

He'LOT, n. A slave in ancient Sparta. 

He'LOT-ISM, n. Slavery ; the condition of the HeloU\ 
slaves in Sparta. — Stephens. 

He'LOT-RY, n. The Helots taken collectively.— T. B. Mac- 
auley. 

HELP, v. t. a regular verb ; the old past tense and participle 
holp and holpen being obsolete. [W. helpu ; Sax. Itelpan, 
hijlpan.] 1. To aid ; to assist ; to lend strength or means 
toward effecting a purpose. 2. To assist ; to succor ; to 
lend means of deliverance. 3. To relieve ; to cure, or to 
mitigate pain or disease. 4. To remedy; to change for 
the better. 5. To prevent; to hinder. 6. To forbear; to 
avoid. — To help forward, to advance by assistance. — To 
help on, to forward ; to promote by aid. — To help out, to 
aid in delivering from difficulty. — To help over, to enable 
to surmount. — To help off, to remove by help. — To help to, 
to supply with ; to furnish with. 

HELP, v. i. To lend aid ; to contribute strength or means. 
— To help out, to lend aid ; to bring a supply. 

HELP, n. [W. help.] 1. Aid ; assistance ; succor. 2. That 
which gives assistance ; he or that which contributes to 
advance a purpose. 3. Remedy ; relief ; cure : with for. 
4. A hired man or woman ; a servant; [United States.] 

HELPJED (helpt), pp. Aided ; assisted ; relieved. 

HELP'ER, n. 1. One who helps, aids, or assists ; an assist 
ant ; an auxiliary ; an aid. 2. One who furnishes or ad- 
ministers a remedy. 3. One who supplies with any thing 
wanted : with to. 4. A supernumerary servant. — Swift. 

HELP'FUL, a. 1. That gives aid or assistance , that furnish 
es means of promoting an object; useful. 2. Wholesome ; 
salutary ; healthful. 

HELP'FUL-NESS, n. Assistance ; usefulness. 

HELP'ING, ppr. or a. Assisting ; aiding ; supporting. 

HELP'LESS, a. 1. Without help in one's self; destitute of 
the power or means to succor or relieve one's self. 2 
Destitute of support or assistance. 3. Admitting no help ; 
irremediable ; [not used.] 4. Unsupplied ; destitute ; [obs.] 

HELP'LESS-LY, adv. Without succor.— Kid. 

HELP'LESS-NESS, n. Want of strength or ability; inability 

HELP'MEET \ n ' A com P anion i an assistant ; a helper. 

HELTER-SKELTER. Cant words denoting hurry and 
confusion, [ Vulgar.] 

HELVE (helv), n. [Sax. keif.] The handle of an ax or 
hatchet. 

HELVE (helv), v. t. To furnish with a helve, as an ax. 

HELVED, pp. Fitted with a helve. 

HEL-VET1C, a. [Sax. Hcefelden.] Pertaining to the Helvetii 
or inhabitants of Switzerland ; Swiss. 

HEL'VIN, n. A crystallized mineral of a yellowish color. 

HELVING, ppr. Furnishing with a helve, as an ax. 

HEM, n. [Sax. hem.] 1. The border of a garment, doubled 
and sewed to strengthen it and prevent the raveling of th* 
threads. 2. Edge ; border. 3. A particular sound of the 
human voice, expressed by the word hem. 

HEM. An exclamation whose utterance is a sort of volun- 
tary half cough, loud or subdued, as the emotion may 
suggest. — Smart. 

HEM, v. t. 1. To form a hem or border ; to fold and sew 
down the edge of cloth to strengthen it. 2. To border; to 
edge. — To hem in, to inclose and confine ; to surround ; to 
environ. 

HEM, v. i. [D. hemmen.] To make the sound expressed by 
the word hem. 

HEM'A-GHITE, n. [Gr. aiua and axarnS-] A species of 
asate, of a blood color. 

HEM-A-DYN-A-MOM'E-TER n. [Gr. aiua, and dynamometer.] 
A contrivance for ascertaining the pressure of the blood 
in the arteries. 

HEM-A-STAT'IC-AL, a. [Gr. aiua and arariKOi.] Relating to 
the weight of the blood. 

HEM'A-TIN, n. The coloring principle of logwood. 

HEM'A-TlTE, n. [Gr. aiuaTirns.] A common ore of iron. 
The name is now mostly restricted to the brown hematite^ 
which is the hydrated oxyd of iron.— Red hematite is a va- 
riety of the specular ore of iron. — Dana. 

HEM-A-TITIC, a. Pertaining to hematite ; like hematite 
composed of or containing hematite. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ••-AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; G a» J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HEN 



488 



HER 



HEM'A-TO-CELE, n. [Gr. alpa and khXtj.] A tumor filled 
with blood. 

UEM-A-To'SIN, n. One of the proximate principles of the 
blood, containing its red coloring matter. 

HEM-A-To'SIS, n. A morbid quantity of blood. 

HEM-E-RO-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. ! m p a and pan™.] One of a 
sect among the Jews who bathed every day. 

HEM'i, in composition, from Gr. fjniovs, signifies half, like 
demi an&semi. « 

HEM'I-€Ra-NY, n. [Gr. fjfiiovs and upaviov.] A pain that 
affects only one side of the head. 

HEM'I-CY-€LE (-siTri), n. [Gr. ^uku/cAo?.] A half circle; a 
semicircle.^ 

HEM-I-Dl'ToNE, n. In Greek music, see Demi-ditone. 

HEM-I-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. ^tavi and efipu.] In mineralogy, 
a. term applied to a crystal with half of the similar edges 
or angles similarly replaced. 

HEM'I-NA, n. [L.] 1. In Roman antiquity, a measure con- 
taining half a sextary. — 2. In medicine, a measure equal to 
about ten ounces. 

HEM-I-PLE'Gl-A, \n. [Gr. fmiovs and nXriyn.] A palsy that 

HEM'I-PLE-gY, 5 affects one half of the body. 

HEM-I-PRIS-MATTC, a. Half prismatic. 

HE-MIP'TER, n., > [Gr. fjutavs and nreOov.] Terms ap- 

HE-MIP'TER-A, n. pi. J plied to insects having membra- 
nous wings with wing-covers, usually half membranous 
and half coriaceous. 

HE-MIP'TER-OUS \ a ' Pertainin ? to the order ^emiptera. 

HEM'I-SPHERE, n. [Gr. ^pac^aipiov.] 1. A half sphere ; 
one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane 
passing through its center. — Particularly, one half the mun- 
dane sphere. 2. A map or projection of half the terres- 
trial globe. 

HEM-I-SPHER'IC, \a. Containing half a sphere or 

HEM-I-SPHER'IC-AL, 5 globe. 

HEM-I-SPHER'ULE, n. A half spherule. 

* HEM'IS-TICH (-tik), n. [Gr. foioTi X iov.] Half a poetic 
verse, or a verse not completed. — Dryden. 

HE-MIS'TI€H-AL, a. Pertaining to a hemistich ; denoting 
a division of the verse. — Warton. 

HEM'I-ToNE, n. [Gr. ripiiToviov.] A half tone in music ; now 
called a semitone. 

HEM'I-TRoPE, a. [Gr. ^iavS and rpo-zrj.] Half turned ; a 
hemitrope crystal is one in which one segment is turned 
through half the circumference of a circle. 

HEM'LOCK, n. [Sax. hemleac.] 1. A plant of the genus co- 
nium, whose leaves and root are poisonous. [See, also, 
Water-hemlock.] 2. A North American evergreen-tree 
of the fir kind. 3. A poison, an infusion or decoction of 
the poisonous plant. See Cicuta. 

HEMM.ED, pp. or a. Bordered ; edged ; folded and sewed 
down at the edge. 

HEM'MEL, n. [Dan. hemmelig.] A shed or hovel for cattle. 
[Local.] 

HEM'MING, ppr. Bordering ; folding and sewing down at 
the edge of the cloth. 

HE-MOP'TY-SIS, \a. [Gr. al/xa and tttvgis.] A spitting of 

HE-MOPTO-E, 5 blood. 

HEM'OR-RHAgE, n. [Gr. a^oppayia.] Any discharge of 
blood from vessels destined to contain it. 

HEM-OR-RHAg'IC, a. Pertaining to a flux of blood ; con- 
sisting in hemorrhage. 

HEM-OR-RHOIDAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the hemorrhoids. 
2. Consisting in a flux of blood from the vessels of the anus. 

HEM'OR-RHOIDS, n. [Gr. aip.oppoiS.] A discharge of blood 
from the vessels of the anus ; the piles ; in Scripture, em- 
erods. 

HEMP, n. [Sax. henep; G. ha?if.] 1. A fibrous plant of the 
genus cannabis, whose skin or bark is used for cloth and 
cordage. 2. The skin or rind of the plant, prepared for 
spinning. 

HEMP-AGTtl-MO-NY, n. An herb growing in wet ground. 

HEMP'-NET-TLE, n. An annual plant of the genus galeop- 
eis, whose flower has a grotesque figure. — Loudon. 

HEMP'.EN (hemp'n), a. Made of hemp. 

HEMPT, a. Like hemp.— Howell. [Unusual] 

HEN, n. [Sax. hen, henne.] The female of any kind of fowl ; 
but it is particularly applied to the female of the domestic 
fowl of the gallinaceous kind. 

HEN'-GOOP, n. A coop or cage for fowls. 

HEN'-DRIV-ER, n. A kind of hawk.— Walton. 

HEN'-HiRM, > n. A species of buzzard, so called from 

HEN'-HAR-RI-ER, 3 its persecutions in the poultry-yard. 
— Edin. Encyc. 

HEN'-HEaRT-ED, a. Cowardly ; timid ; dastardly.— Grose. 

HEN'-HOUSE, n. A house or shelter for fowls. 

HEN'-PECKM} (-pekt), a. Governed by the wife. 

HEN-ROOST, n, A place where poultry rest at night. 

HEN'BaNE. n A poisonous herb, the hyoscyamus. 

HEN'BIT, n. A. name com 2ion to several plants ; also called 

dead-nettle or speed-weL which see. 
HENCE (hens), adv. [Sax. heona.] 1. From this place. 2. 



From this time ; in the future. 3. From this cause or reas- 
on, noting a consequence, inference, or deduction fro» 
something just before stated. 4. From this source or 
original. — Hence signifies from this, and from beforo hence 
is not strictly correct, but is established by usage. — Hence, 
as a verb, to send off, as used by Sidney, is improper. 

HENCE-FoRTH' (hens-forth'), adv. From this tune for 
ward. 

HENCE-FOR' WARD (hens-for'ward), adv. From this rimt 
forward ; henceforth. — Dryden. 

t HENCH'MAN, ? n. [Sax. hinc] A page ; a servant. — Dry 

tHENCH'BOY. $ den. 

t HEND, ) v. t. [Sax. hentan.] 1. To seize ; to lay hold on 

t HENT, 5 to occupy. 

HEND'Y \ a ' Gentle. — Chaucer. 

HEN-DECA-GON, n. [Gr. hlitta and yuvia.] In geometry 

a plane figure of eleven sides, and as many angles. 
HEN-DE€-A-SYL-LAB'I€, a. Pertaining to a metrical line 

of eleven syllables. 
HEN-DEC-A-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. h5exa and avXXaSr;-) A 

metrical line of eleven syllables. 
HEN-DlA-DYS, n. [L. from Gr.] In grammar, a figure in 

which the same idea is expressed by two different words 

or phrases. 
HENNA, n. [Arabic] A tropical tree or shrub ; also, a 

paste made of its pounded leaves, and much used by the 

Egyptians and Asiatics for dyeing their nails, beards, &c. 

of an orange hue. 
HFNS'FEET, n. A plant, hedge-fumitory.— Johnson. 
HEP, n. [Sax. heap.] The fruit of the wild dog-rose. Set 

Hip. 
HEP'-TREE, n. The wild dog-rose, the rosa canina. 
He'PaR, n. [L. hepar.] A combination of sulphur with an 

alkali, or, rather, with its metallic base, and having a brown- 
red color. 
HE-PATIC, > a. [L. hepaticus.] Pertaming to the liver. 
HE-PAT'IC-AL, 3 —Hepatic air, sulphureted hydrogen gas. 

— Hepatic cinnabar, see Cinnabar. 
HEPA-TlTE, n. A gem or mineral; fetid sulphate of 

baryta. 
HEP-A-TI-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of impregnating with 

sulphureted hydrogen gas. 2. Conversion into a substance 

resembling the liver. 
HEPA-TlZE, v. t. 1. To impregnate with sulphureted hy- 
drogen gas. 2. To gorge with blood or plastic matter. 
HEPA-TlZJED, pp. or a. Impregnated or combined with 

sulphureted hydrogen gas ; gorged with blood or piastic 

matter. 
HEP-A-TOS'CO-PY, n. [Gr. f,nap and aKotreo).] The art or 

practice of divination by inspecting the liver of animals. 
HEPTA-CHORD (-kord), n. [Gr. hra and %op^V-) A system 

of seven sounds. — In ancient poetry, verses sung or played 

on seven chords or different notes. 
HEP'TaDE, n. The sum or number of seven. 
HEP'TA-GLOT, n. [Gr. enra and yXwrra.] A book of seven 

languages. 
HEP'TA-GON, n. [Gr. hra and ywvia.] In geometry, a plane 

figure consisting of 6even sides and as many angles. — In 

fortification, a place that has seven bastions for defense. 
HEP-TAG'ON-AL, a. Having seven angles or sides. 
HEP-TA-gYN'I-A, n. [Gr. i-nra and yvvrj.] In botany, an or- 
der of plants having seven styles. — Linnaus. 

HEP-TAG'YN-OUS \ a ' In botanv ' havin S seven styles. 
HEP-TA-He'DRON, n. A solid figure with seven sides. 
HEP-TA-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. k^ra, and hexahedral] 

Presenting seven ranges of faces one above another, each 

range containing six faces. 
HEP-TAM'E-REDE, n. [Gr. hra and pepi S .] That which 

divides into seven parts. — A. Smith. 
HEP-TAN'DRI-A, n. [Gr. znra and avrjp.] In botany, a class 

of plants having seven stamens. — Linnceus. 
HEP TAN'DRI AN ? 

HEP-TANDROUS! \ a ' Havin S seven stamens - 
HEP-TAN"GU-LAR, a. [Gr. sirra, and angular I Having 

seven angles. 
HEP-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. Ura and (pvXXov.] Having 

seven leaves. 
HEP-TaR€HTG, a. Denoting a sevenfold government. 
HEP'TiR€H-IST, In. A ruler of one division of a hep- 
HEP'TiRCH, 5 tarchy.— Warton. 

HEP'TaRCH-Y, n. [Gr. inra and apxv-] A government by 

seven persons, or the country governed by seven persons. 

But the word is usually applied to England, when under 

the government of seven Saxon kings. 
HEP'TA-TEuCH (-tuk), n. [Gr. tnra and revxoS-] The first 

seven books of the Old Testament. [Little used.] 
HER (hur), an adjective, or pronominal adjective, of the third 

person. [Sax. hire, sing, heoru.] 1. Belonging to a female. 

2. It is used before neuter nouns in personification. — Her 

is also used as a pronoun or substitute for a female in the 

objective case, after a verb or preposition. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I. &c, long.— a, £, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE. BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



HER 



489 



HER 



HERALD, n. [Fr. heraut, for herault.] 1. An officer whose 
business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to 
battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the 
commander of an army. 2. A proclaimer ; a publisher. 3. 
A forerunner ; a precursor ; a harbinger. 4. An officer in 
Great Britain, whose business is to marshal, order, and 
conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations, roy- 
al marriages, installations, creations of dukes and other 
nobles, embassies, funeral processions, declarations of war, 
proclamations of peace, <fcc. ; also, to record and blazon 
the arms of the nobility and gentry, and to regulate abuses 
therein. — 5. Formerly, applied by the French to a minstrel. 

HER/ALD, v. t. To introduce, as by a herald. 

HERALD-ED, pp. Introduced, as by a herald. 

HER-AL'DLG, a. Pertaining to heralds or heraldry. 

HER-AL'DI€-AL-LY, adv. In a heraldic manner. 

HEEALD-ING, ppr. Introducing, as by a herald. 

HER-AL'DRY, n. The art or office of a herald ; the art of 
recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns ar- 
morial. 

HERALD-SHIP, n. The office of a herald.— Sclden. 

HERB (erb), n. [L. herba ; Fr. herbe.] 1. A plant or vegeta- 
ble with a soft or succulent stalk or stem, which dies to 
the root every year. — 2. In the Linncean botany, that part 
of a vegetable which springs from the root and is termi- 
nated by the fructification. 

HERB-CHRIS'TO-PHER, n. An herb, actaa spicata, whose 
root is used in nervous diseases. 

HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. 

HERB'-WdM-AN, n. A woman who sells herbs. 

HER-Bl'CEOUS (her-ba'shus), a. [L. kerbaceus.] Pertain- 
ing to herbs ; having the nature of an herb. 

HERBAGE (erb'aje or herb'aje), n. [Fr.] 1. Herbs collect- 
ively ; grass ; pasture ; green food for beasts. — 2. In law, 
the liberty or right of pasture in the forests or grounds of 
another man. 

HERBAG.ED, a. Covered with grass. — Thomson. 

HERBAL (herb-), n. 1. A book that contains the names and 
descriptions of plants. — 2. A hortus siccus, or dry garden ; 
a collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved. 

HERB'AL, a. Pertaining to herbs. 

HERBAL-IST, n. A person skilled in plants ; one who 
makes collections of plants. 

f HERP/AR, n. An herb. — Spenser. 

HERBA-RIST, n. An herbalist.— Boyle. [Little used.] 

HER-Ba'RI-UM, n. ; pi. Herbariums. 1. A collection of 
specimens of plants carefully dried and preserved. 2. A 
book or other contrivance for thus preserving plants. 

HERBA-RlZE. See Herborize. 

HERBA-RY, n. A garden of plants.— Warton. 

HERB'E-LET, n. A small herb.— SJutk. 

\ HERB'ER, n. Formerly, an arbor. See Herbary. 

HERB-ES'CENT, a. [L. herbescens.] Growing into herbs. 

HERB1D, a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. [Rare.] 

HERB-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. herba and fero.] Bearing herbs. 

HERB'IST, n. One skilled in herbs. 

HERB-IV'O-RA, n. pi. In science, animals subsisting on 
herbs or vegetables. 

HERB-IV'O-ROUS, a. [L. herba and voro.] Eating herbs ; 
subsisting on herbaceous plants. 

HERB'LESS (erbles), a. Destitute of herbs.— Warton. 

HERB'O-RIST. [See Herbalist.]— Ray. 

HERB-O-RI-Z A'TION (herb-), n. 1. The act of seeking plants 
in the field ; botanical research. 2. The figure of plants 
in mineral substances. See Arborization. 

HERB'O-RlZE, v. i. To search for plants, or to seek new 
species of plants, with a view to ascertain their characters 
and to class them. 

HERB'O-RlZE, v. t. To figure ; to form the figures of plants 
in minerals. — Fourcroy. See Arborize. 

HERB'0-RlZ.ED, pp. or a. Figured ; containing the figure 
of a plant ; as a mineral body. 

HERB'O-RlZ-ING, ppr. 1. Searching for plants. 2. Form- 
ing the figures of plants in minerals. 

* HERB6R-5UGH (her'bur-ro), n. [Genn. herberg.] Place 

of temporary residence, especially for troops ; harbor. — 

Ben Jonson. 
HERB'OUS, a. [L. herbosus.] Abounding with herbs. 
HERBY, a. Having the nature of herbs. — Bacon. [Little 

used.] 

* HER-€u'LE-AN, a. [from Hercules.] 1. Very great, diffi- 

cult, or dangerous ; as, Herculean labor. 2. Having ex- 
traordinary strength and size. 3. Of extraordinary strength, 
force, or power. 

HER'CU-LeS, n. 1. A hero of antiquity, celebrated for his 
strength. 2. A constellation in the northern hemisphere, 
near Lyra. 

HER-CYN'I-AN, a. [from Hercynia.] Denoting an extensive 
forest in Germany. 

HERD, n. [Sax. herd, heord.] 1. A collection or assemblage ; 
[applied to beasts, when feeding or driven together.] 2. A 
company of men or people, [in contempt or detestation ;] 
a crowd ; a rabble. 



HERD, n. [Sax. hyrd.] A keeper of cattle ; used by Spensei 
and still used in Scotland, but in English now seldom or 
never used, except in composition. 

HERD, v. i. 1. To unite or associate, as beasts ; to teed or 
run in collections. 2. To associate. 

HERD, v. t. To form or put into a herd. — Ben Jonson. 

HERD'ER,_?i. A herdsman. 

HER'DER-lTE, n. [from Herder, its discoverer.] A crystal 
lized mineral, which occurs with fluor in Saxony. 

t HERD'ESS, n. A shepherdess.— Chaucer. 

t HERD'GROOM, n. A keeper of a herd.— Spenser. 

HERDING, ppr. Associating in companies. 

HERDS'MAN, n. 1. A keeper of herds ; one employed m 
tending herds of cattle. 2. Formerly, the owner of a herd. 
[Formerly spelled herdman.] 

HERDS'-GRaSS, n. A name given to various grasses 
which are highly esteemed for hay, as timothy, fox-tail, 
red-top. 

HERE, adv. [Goth, and Sax. her; G., D. hier.] 1. In this 
place ; in the place where the speaker is present. 2. In 
the present life or state. 3. It is used in making an offer 
or attempt. 4. In drinking health. — It is neither here nor 
there, it is neither in this place nor that ; neither in one 
place nor in another. — Here and there, in one place and 
another ; in a dispersed manner or condition ; thinly, or 
irregularly. 

HEREA-BOUT, > , ., ..,. . .... 

HeREA-BOUTS \ v ' - A - bout tnis P lace - — Addison. 

HeRE-aFTER, adv. 1. In time to come ; in some futuro 
time. 2. In a future state. 

HeRE-AFT'ER, n. A future state.— Addison. 

HeRE-AT', adv. At this. 

HeRE-By', adv. By this.— Watts. 

HeRE-IN', adv. In this. 

* HeRE-INTo, adv. Into this.— Hooker. 

HERE-OF' (here-off ), adv. Of this ; from this— Shak. 

He RE -ON', adv. On this.— Brown. 

HeRE-OUT, adv. Out of this place.— Spenser. 

HeRE-To', adv. To this ; add to this. 

In times before the present; for 



HeRE-TO-FoRE', i 

merly. 
HeRE-UN-To', adv. 
HeRE-UP-ON', adv. 
HeRE-WITH', adv. 



To this. — Hooker. 
On this. 

With this. — Most of the compounds of 
here and a preposition are obsolete or obsolescent, or, at 
least, are deemed inelegant. 

HE-RED'IT-A-BLE, a. [L. hcereditas.] That may be inherit- 
ed. — Locke. [Not much used.] 

HE-RED'IT-A-BLY, adv. By inheritance.— Tooke's Russ 
HER-E-DITA-MENT, n. [L. hares, hceredium.] Any spe- 
cies of property that may be inherited. 

HE-RED'IT-A-RI-LY, adv. By inheritance ; by descent from 
an ancestor. — Pope. 

HE-RED'IT-A-RY, a. [Fr. hereditaire.] 1. That has descend- 
ed from an ancestor. 2. That may descend from an an 
cestor to an heir ; descendible to an heir at law. 3. That 
is or may be transmitted from a parent to a child. — Syn. 
Ancestral ; patrimonial ; inheritable. 

f HERE-MIT, n. A hermit.— Bishop Hall. 

HER-E-MITIG-AL, a. Solitary ; secluded from society. 
Pope. See Hermetical. 

* HERE-SI-ARCH or HE-Re'SI-aRCH, n. [Gr. alfeeis and 
apxoi-] A leader in heresy ; the chief of a sect ot heretics. 

HER'E-SI-aR€H-Y, n. Chief heresy. 

HER-E-SI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. a'ipecis and ypaQu.] One 
who writes on heresies. 

HER-E-SI-OG'RA-PHY, n. A treatise on heresy. 

HER'E-SY, n. [Gr. alpeoiS ; L. hceresis.] 1. A fundamental 
error in religion, or an error of opinion respecting some 
fundamental doctrine of religion. But in countries where 
there is an established church, an opinion is deemed her- 
esy when it differs from that of the church. — In Scripture, 
and primitive usage, heresy meant merely sect, party, or the 
doctrines of a sect, as we now use denomination, or per- 
suasion, implying no reproach. — 2. Heresy, inlaw, is an 
offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some 
of its essential doctrines, publicly avowed and obstinately 
maintained. 3. An untenable or unsound opinion or doc- 
trine in politics. — Swift. 

HER'E-TIC, n. [Gr. a\psTLKos.] 1. A person under any re- 
ligion, but particularly the Christian, who holds and teaches 
opinions repugnant to the established faith, or that which 
is made the standard of orthodoxy. 2. Any one who 
maintains erroneous opinions. — Shak. 

HE-RET1C-AL, a. Containing heresy ; contrary to the 
established faith, or to the true faith. 

HE-RET1C-AL-LY, adv. In an heretical manner; witb 
heresy. 

HE-RET1C-ITE, v. t. To decide to be heresy. 

HER'E-TOG, ? n. [Sax. heretoga.] Among our Saxon an- 

HER/E-TOCH, > cestors, the leader or commander of an 
army. 

HER'I-OT, n. [Sax. heregeat.] In English law, a tribute oi 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH : TH as in this, t Obsolete 



HER 



490 



HES 



line payable to the lord of the fee on the decease of the 
owner, landholder, or vassal. 

HER'I-OT-A-BLE, a. Subject to the payment of a heriot. 

HER'IS-SON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a beam or bar armed 
with iron spikes for obstructing a passage. 

HER'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of inheriting, or taking by 
descent. 2. That may be inherited. 3. Annexed to estates 
of inheritance. 

HER'IT-AgE, n. [Fr.] 1. Inheritance ; an estate that passes 
from an ancestor to an heir by descent or course of law ; 
that which is inherited. — 2. In Scripture, the saints or peo- 
ple of God. 

HERITOR, n. In Scotland, a proprietor or landholder in a 
parish. — Jamieson. 

HER-MAPH-RO-Dk'I-TY, n. Hermaphrodism. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DISM, \ n. The union of the two sexes 

HER-MAPH'RO-DIT-ISM, $ in the same individual. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DlTE, n. [Fr. ; Gr. pnaQpodiros.] 1. An 
animal or a human being having the parts of generation 
both of male and female. — 2. In botany, a flower that con- 
tains both the stamen and the pistil. 3. A plant that has 
only hermaphrodite flowers. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DlTE, a. Designating both sexes in the 
same animal, flower, or plant. — Among sailors, a hermaph- 
rodite brig is one that is square rigged forward, and schoon- 
er rigged aft. — Totten. 

HB^MAPHiRaSmlAL, }* Partakin = ° f both Sexes " 

HER-MAPH-RO-DIT'I€-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of 
hermaphrodites. 

HER-ME-NEu'TI€, \a. [Gr. epwzvTiKOi.] Interpreting; 

HER-ME-NEuTI€-AL, 5 explaining ; unfolding the signi- 
fication. 

HER-ME-NEu'TI€-AL-LY, adv. According to the true art 
of interpreting words. —M. Stuart. 

HER-ME-NEu'TI€S, n. The science of interpretation ; par- 
ticularly, of interpreting the Scriptures. 

HER'MeS, n. [Gr.] In archaology, a rough quadrangular 
stone or pillar, having a head sculptured on the top of it, 
without arms or body. Such stones were placed by the 
Greeks in front of buildings, and used by the Romans as 
boundaries. As they originally bore the head of Hermes, 
or Mercury, they have been called by his name, even when 
surmounted by the head of other deities, &c. — Smith's Diet. 

HER-METTC, \a. [Fr. hermetique.] 1. Designating chem- 

HER-METIC-AL, $ istry ; chemical. 2. Designating that 
species of philosophy which pretends to solve and explain 
all the phenomena of nature from the three chemical 
principles, salt, sulphur, and mercury. 3. Designating the 
system which explains the causes of diseases and the 
operations of medicine, on the principles of the hermetical 
philosophy. 4. Perfectly close, so that no air can escape ; 
as, a hermetic seal, which is formed by fusing the mouth 
or extremity of a vessel so as to close it perfectly. 

HER-MET'1€-AL-LY, adv. According to the hermetic art ; 
chemically ; closely ; accurately ; as, a bottle hermetically 
sealed. This is done by fusing the neck of the bottle till it 
is perfectly closed. 

HER'MIT, n. [Fr. hermite.] 1. A person who retires from 
society and lives in solitude. 2. A beadsman ; one bound 
to pray for another. Shak. — Syn. Anchorite ; recluse ; 
eremite ; ascetic. 

HER'MIT- AGE, n. 1. The habitation of a hermit. 2. A cell 
in a recluse place, but annexed to an abbey. 3. A kind of 
wing. 

HER'MIT-A-RY, n. A cell for the hermits annexed to some 
abbey. 

HER'MIT-ESS, n. A female hermit.— Drummond. 

HER-MIT'IC-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a hermit, or to retired 
life. 2. Suited to a hermit. 

HER-MO-DA-CTYL, n. [Gr. Ip^s and ScktvXoS-] In ma- 
teria medica, a root brought from Turkey, formerly much 
used as a cathartic. 

HER-MO-GE'NI-ANS, n. pi. A sect of heretics in the second 
century, so named from Hermogenes. 

HERN, n. A heron, which see. 

HERN'HILL, n. A plant. 

HER'NI-A, n. [Gr. ipvia, from epvos-] In surgery, a protru- 
sion of some organ of the abdomen through an interstice, 
producing a soft and slightly elastic tumor ; a rupture. 

HER'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to or connected with hernia. 

tHERN'SHAW, n. A heronshaw or heron. — Spenser. 

He'RO, n. [L. her os.] 1. A man of distinguished valor, in- 
trepidity, or enterprise in danger. 2. A great, illustrious, 
or extraordinary person ; as, a hero in learning ; [unusual.] 
-3. In a poem, or romance, the principal personage, or the 
person who has the principal share in the transactions re- 
lated. — 4. In pagan mythology, a hero was an illustrious 
person, supposed after his death to be placed among the 
gods. 

HE-Ro'DI-ANS, n. pi. [from Herod.] A sect among the Jews. 

HE-Ro'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to a hero or heroes. 2. Becoming 
a hero ; as, a heroic act. 3. Deserving or obtaining dis- 



Synopt'ji. A, E, I, &c, Icng.—S.t, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY 



traction by valor; as, a heroic nation. 4. Productive of 
heroes. 5. Reciting the achievements of heroes, as a 
poem. 6. Used in heroic poetry or hexameter. — Heroic 
age, the age when the heroes, or those called the children 
of the gods, are supposed to have lived. — Syn. Brave ; 
intrepid ; courageous ; daring ; valiant ; bold ; gallant ; 
fearless ; enterprising ; noble ; magnanimous ; illustrious 

HE-Ro'I€-AL, a. The same as heroic. [Little used.] 

HE-RoTG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a hero ; with 
valor ; bravely ; courageously ; intrepidly. 

HE-RO-I-€OM'I€, ) a. Consisting of the heroic and the 

HE-RO-l-€OM'l€-AL, 5 ludicrous ; denoting the high bur- 
lesque. 

*HER'0-lNE (herio-in), n. [Fr. heroine.] A female hero; a 
woman of a brave spirit. [Heroess is not in use.J 

* HER'O-ISM, n. [Fr. heroisme.] The qualities of a hero. — 
Syn. Bravery ; gallantry ; intrepidity ; daring ; courage ; 
boldness ; fearlessness ; enterprise ; magnanimity. 

HER'ON, n. [Fr.] A water fowl with long legs, wings, and 
neck, that devours fish. 

HER'ON-RY, n. A place where herons breed. — Derham. 

HER'ON-SHAW, n. A heron.— Pennant. 

HE-RO-OL'6-GIST, n. One who treats of heroes. 

He'RO-SHIP, n. The character of a hero. — Cowper 

HER'PeS, n. [Gr. fpnrjS-] Tetters ; an eruption on the skin , 
erysipelas ; ringworm, &c. 

HER-PET'IC, a. Pertaining to the herpes or cutaneous 
eruptions ; resembling the herpes. 

HER-PET-O-LOG'IC, > ^ t . . . , ,. , 

HER-PET-O-LOG'IC-AL, \ a - Staining to herpetology. 

HER-PE-TOL'O-GlST, n. A person versed in herpetology 
or the natural history of reptiles. 

HER-PE-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. ipniTOS.] A description of rep- 
tiles ; the natural history of reptiles. 

HER'R.ING, n. [Sax. hairing.] A well-known sea fish, which 
goes in vast 6hoals. 

HER'RING-FISH'ER-Y, n. The fishing for herrings. 

HERRN'HOT-ER, n. [from the Ger. hut des hern, the assumed 
name of the habitation of the original Herrnhuters.] One 
of a sect established by Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzen- 
dorf, called also Moravians. 

HERS (hurz), pron. fern, possessive; as, this house is hers, 
that is, this is the house of her. 

HER'SAL. n. Rehearsal.— Spenser. [Obs.] 

HER'ScHEL (her'shel), n. A planet discovered by Dr. 
Herschel, in 1781, first called Georgium Sidus, now Uranus, 

HERSE (hers), n. [Fr. herse.] 1. In fortification, a lattice or 
portcullis, in the form of a harrow, set with iron spikes, 
for blocking up a gateway, or impeding an enemy's march. 
2. A carriage for bearing corpses to the grave ; now spelled 
hearse. 3. A temporary monument set over a gi'ave; 
[obs.] 4. A rehearsal; "the holy herse," rehearsal of 
prayers. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

HERSE (hers), v. t. 1. To put on or in a herse. — Shak. 2 
To bury ; as, hersed in a wood ; [obs.] 

HER-SELF', pron. [her and self] 1. This denotes a female, 
the subject of discourse before mentioned ; and is either in 
the nominative or objective case. 2. Having the command 
of herself; mistress of her rational powers, judgment, or 
temper ; as, she is herself. 3. In her true character ; as, 
she shows herself In this. 

HERSE'LIKE (herslike), a. Funereal ; suitable to funerals. 
— Bacon. 

HERS'IL-LON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, the same with herse. 

t HER'Y, v. t. [Sax. herian.] To regard as holy. 

HES'I-TAN-CY, n. A doubting; a pausing to consider; 
dubiousness ; suspense. 

HES'I-TANT, a. Hesitating ; pausing ; wanting volubility 
of speech. 

HES'I-TANT-LY, adv. In a hesitating manner. 

HES'I-TaTE, v. i. [L. hczsito.] 1. To stop or pause respect- 
ing decision or action ; to be doubtful as to fact, principle, 
or determination ; to be in suspense. 2. To stop in speak- 
ing. — Syn. To doubt ; waver ; scruple ; deliberate ; de- 
mur; falter; stammer. 

HES'I-Ta-TED, pp. Stopped ; paused ; doubted. 

HES'I-Ta-TING, ppr. or a. Doubting ; pausing ; stammering. 

HES'I-Ta-TING-LY, adv. With hesitation or doubt. 

KES-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. A pausing or delay in forming an 
opinion or commencing action ; doubt. 2. A stopping in 
speech ; intermission between words ; stammering. 

HES-Pe'RI-AN, a. [L. hesperius.] Western; situated at the 
west._ 

HES-Pe'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of a western country 

HES'SIAN, a. Relating to Hesse, in Germany. 

HES'SIAN-FLY, n. [so called from the opinion that it was 
brought into America by the Hessian troops during the 
war of the Revolution.] A small tw o-winged fly, or midge, 
nearly black ; very desfructive to young wheat. It is the 
cecidomyia destructor of Say. — E. C. Herrick. 

f BEST, n. [Sax. hcese.] Command ; precept ; injunction • 
order. 

HES-TERN'AL, a. Pertaining to yesterday.— Smart. 

" MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOQKr 



HEX 



491 



HID 



HES' Y -€HAST, n. [Gr. fiavxo?.] A quietist.— Bib. Repository. 
HET'E-RaR €HY, n. [Gr. frepos and apxn-] The govern- 
ment of an alien. — Bishop Hall. 
HET-E-RO-CIRCAL, a. [Gr. hepos and Kipnos.] An epithet 
applied to fishes which have the upper fork of the tail 
longer than the lower. — Agassiz. 
* HETE-RO-CLlTE, n. [Gr. hipoKXirov.] 1. In grammar, 
a word which is irregular or anomalous. 2. Any thing or 
person deviating from common forms. 
HET'E-RO-€LlTE, ) a. Irregular; anomalous; devi- 

HET-E-RO-CLITIC, > ating from ordinary forms or 
HET-E-RO-CLITIC-AL, ) rules, 
t HET-E-ROCLI-TOUS, a. Heteroclitic. 
HET'E-RO-DOX, a. [Gr. htpos and 6o\a.] 1. In theology, 
heretical ; contrary to the faith and doctrines of the Scrip- 
tures. 2. Repugnant to the doctrines or tenets of any 
established church. 3. Holding opinions repugnant to the 
doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to those of an 
established church. 
HET'E-RO-DOX-LY, adv. In a heterodox manner. 
HET'E-RO-DOX-NESS, n. State of being heterodox. 
HET'E-RO-DOX- Y, n. Heresy ; an opinion or doctrine 
contrary to the doctrines of tne Scriptures, or contrary to 
those of an established church. 
HET-E-ROGA-MOUS, a. [Gr. srepos and yd^.] In botany, 

having different essential parts of fructification. 
I- HET'E-RO-geNE, a. See the next word 
HET-E-RO-GE'NE-AL, ) a. [Gr. krtpcx; and ytvo$.} Of a 
HET-E-RO-GE'NE-OUS, 5 different kind or nature ; un- 
like or dissimilar in kind. 
HET-E-RO-GE-NE'I-TY, n. 1. Opposition of nature ; con- 
trariety or dissimilitude of qualities ; [ill formed] 2. Dis- 
similar part: something of a different kind. 
HET-E-RO-GE'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Difference of nature 
and quality ; dissimilitude or contrariety in kind. 
HET-E-RO-PATH'IC, a. The same as allopathic. 
HET-E-ROPH'YL-LOTJS, a. [Gr. srepos and <puXXov.] Hav- 
ing leaves different from the regular form. 
HET'E-RO-POD, n. One of an order of molluscous ani- 
mals, whose foot is compressed into a vertical muscular 
lamina, serving for a tin. 
HET-E-ROPTICS, n. False optics.— Spectator. 
HET-E-ROS'CIAN, n. [Gr. erep„<: and oKia.] Those inhab- 
itants of the earth are called Heteroscians whose shadows 
fall one way only. Such are those who live between the 
trouics and the polar circles. 
HET-E-ROSC1AN, a. Having the shadow fall one way only. 

— Gregory._ 
HET'E-RO-SlTE, n. A greenish-gray or bluish mineral, be- 
coming violet on exposure. It consists of phosphoric 
acid and the oxyds of iron and manganese. — Dana. 
HET-E-ROT'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. Irepos and tc/iv^.] In miner- 
alogy, having a different cleavage ; applied to a species of 
feldspar, whose cleavage differs "from that of common feld- 
spar. — Dana. 
HET-E-ROT'RO-PAL, 7 a. [Gr. i T ep>s and Tflnrtu.] In bot- 
HET-E-ROT'RO-POUS, 5 any. when the micropyle is at 
neither end of the seed, and the embryo neither erect 
nor inverted but in an oblique direction with respect to 
the seed, it is said to be heterotropous, or heterotropal. — 
Lindley. 
HETMAN, n. A Cossack commander in chief. 
HEu'LAND-iTE, a. A mineral of the zeolite family, occur- 
ring in amygdaloid It consists of silica, alumina, and 
lime, with about fifteen per cent, of water.— Dana. 
HEW (hQ), v. L; pret. hewed; pp. hewed, or hewn. [Sax. 
heawian.] 1. To cut with an ax, or other like instrument, 
for the purpose of making an even surface or side. 2. To 
chop ; to cut ; to hack. 3. To cut with a chisel ; to make 
smooth, as stone. 4. To form or shape with an edged in- 
strument : with out. 5. To form laboriously ; [rare.] 
HEW, n. 1. Destruction by cutting down. — Spenser. 2. 

Color. See Hue. 
HEW£D (hude), pp. or a. Cut and made smooth or even ; 

chopped ; hacked ; shaped by cutting, or by a chiseL 
HEWER, n. One who hews wood or stone. 
HEWING, ppr. Cutting and making smooth or even ; chop- 
ping; hacking; forming by the chiseL 
HEWN (hflne), pp. or a. Tlie same as hewed. 
HEX'A-CHORD (-kord), n. [Gr. tz and X opH] In ancient 
musk, an imperfect chord called a sixth ; also, an instru- 
ment of six chords or strings, and a scale of six sounds 
HEX-A-DAC'TYL-OUS, a. [Gr. % and <5a/cruAo S .] Havin^ 
- six finders or toes. 

HEX'aDE, n. [Gr. ei.] A series of six numbers. 
HEXA-GON, u. [Gr. s£ and yuvia.] In geometry, a plane 

figure Of six sides and six angles. 
HEX-AG'ON-AL, a. Having six sides and six angles 
HEX -AG'ON-Y, for hexagon; is not used. 
HEX-A-GYN'I-A, n. [Gr. k\ and yuin.] In botany, an order 

of plants that have six styles. — Liniuzus. 
HEX-A-GYN'I-AN, ( T , , , . - 

HEX \r'YN OUS \ a ' botany, having six styles. 



Of the figure of t Hexahedron hav- 



DOVE;— BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this 



HEX-A-HeT RAL, a. 
ing six equal sides. 
HEX-A-He'DRON, ti. [Gr. l£ and ecpa. A regular solid 

body of six sides ; a cube. 
HEX-A-HE'ME-RON, ti. [Gr. 1$ and ! m ^a.] 1. The term 
of six days.— Good. 2. The history of the six days' work 
of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis 
— Murdoch. 
HEX-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. i\ and uerpov.] In ancient poetry, 
a verse of six feet, consisting of dactyls and spondees. 

HEX-AM'E-TER, a. Having six metrical feet. 

HEX-A-MET'RIC, > a. Consisting of six metrical feet— 

HEX-A-M£T'RI€-AL, J Warton. 

HEX-AN'DRI-A, n. [Gr. i\ and avnp.] In botany, a class of 
plants having six stamens. — Linn&us. 

HEX-AN'DRI-AN, ) n . . . 

HEX-AN'DROUS! \ a ' Havin S slx stamens - 

HEX-AN"GU-LAR, a. [Gr. i\, and angular.} Having six 
angles or corners. 

HEX-A-PET'AL-OUS, a. [Gr. e£ and nnaXov.} Having six 
petals or flower-leaves. 

HEX-APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. i\ and ipvXXov.} Having six 
leaves. 

HEXA-PLA, n. [Gr. c£ and cnrXou).] A collection of the 
Holy Scriptures in six languages, applied particularly to 
the collection published by Origen in the third century .- 
Encyc. Am. 

HEX'A-PLAR, a. Sextuple ; containing six columns. 

HEX'A-POD, a. [Gr. i£ and ttou?.] Having six feet. 

HEX'A-POD, n. [Gr. ei and izovS-] 1. An insect having six 
feet. 2. A fathom ; [obs.] 

HEXA-STICH (hex'a-stik), ?i. [Gr. 1^ and ctixoS.] A poem 
consisting of six verses. 

HEXA-ST? LE, n. [Gr. i\ and otvXos.] A building with six 
columns in front. — Encyc. 

HEX-0€-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. !$, oktw, andety,*.] A solid 
contained under forty-eight equal triangular faces. 

HEY. An exclamation of joy or mutual exhortation. 

HEY'DaY, exclam. An expression of frolic and exultation, 
and sometimes of wonder. — Shak. 

HEY'DaY, n. _ A frolic ; wildness. — Shak. 

tHEY'DE-GUT, n. [perhaps from heyday and guise.] A 
kind of dance ; a country dance or round. — Spenser. 

t Hl-A'TION, n. [L. hio.] The act of gaping. 

Hi-a'TUS, n. [L.] 1. An opening ; an aperture ; a gap ; a 
chasm. — 2. In grammar, the concurrence of two vowels- 
in two successive syllables or words, occasioning a hard- 
ness in the pronunciation. 3. A chasm in a manuscript, 
where some part is lost or effaced. 

Hl-BER'NA-€LE, n. [L. hibernacula.] 1. In bolany, th<; leaf- 
bud, which serves for the winter protection of the young 
and tender parts of a plant. — Lindley. 2. The w'nter- 
k>dge of a wild animal. 

Hl-BER'NAL, a. [L. hibernus.} Belonging to winter. 

Hi'BER-NaTE, v. i. [L. hiberno.] To winter; to pass thu 
season of winter in close quarters or in seclusion. 

Hi'BER-Na-TING, ppr. or a. Passing the winter in close 
quarter s._ 

Hi-BER-Na'TION, n. The passing of winter in a close lodge, 
as beasts and fowls. — Darwin. 

Hl-BER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland. 

Hl-BER'NI-AN, n. A native of Ireland 

Hl-BER'NI-CISM, \n. An idiom or mode of speech pe- 

Hl-BER'NI-AN-ISM, j culiar to the Irish. 

Hl-BER'NO-CEL'TIC, n. The native language of the Irish ; 
the Gaelic. 

HIC'CIUS DOCTIUS. [qu. L. hie est doctus.] A cant word 
for a juggler. — Hudibras. 

* HICCOUGH (hik'up), n. [Dan. hik, or hikken.] A convul- 
sive catch of some of the respiratory muscles. 

HICCOUGH (hik'up), v. i. To have a convulsive catch of 
some of the respiratory muscles. 

HIGK.'0-RY, n. A name given to several American nut-bear- 
ing trees of the genus carya, valuable for timber and fueL 
They are sometimes called walnut, but not very correctly. 

HICKTjP, a spelling sometimes given to hiccough. 

HICK'WALL, \ n. [qu. hitchwall] A small species of wood- 

HICKWaY, 5 pecker. 

HJ-G Ja'CET. [L.] Here lies. 

HID, ? pp. of hide. 1. Placed in secrecy. 2. a. Not 

HID'D.EN, 5 seen or known. 3 Difficult to be known. — 
Syn. Concealed ; secret ; unseen ; unknown ; private ; 
dormant ; latent ; covert ; mysterious ; obscure ; occult ; 
recondite; abstruse; profound. 
| HlD'AGE, n. An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the 
kin^s of England for every hide of land. 

HI-D AL'GO. n. [Sp.] In Spain, a nobleman of the lowest class. 

HID'DEN-LY, adv. In a hidden or secret manner. 

HIDE], v. t. ; pret. hid ; pp. hid, hidden. [Sax. hydan.] 1. To 
withhold or withdraw from sight. 2. To withhold from 
knowledge ; to keep secret. — 3. In Scripture, not to confess 
or disclose; or to excuse and extenuate. 4. To keep in 
safety. — To hide the face, to withhold communion or ecu- 

t Obsolete. 



HIE 



492 



HIG 



solation. — To hide the face from, to overlook or forgive, as 

sin. — Syn. To conceal ; secrete ; cover ; screen ; shelter ; 

protect. 
HIDE, v. i. To lie concealed ; to keep one's self out of 

view ; to be withdrawn from sight. — Hide and seek, a play 

of children, in which some hide themselves and another 

seeks them. 
HIDE, n. In the ancient laws of England, a certain portion 

of land. 
HlDE, n. [Sax. hyd, hyde.] 1. The skin of an animal. 2. 

The human skin, [in contempt^] 
HlDE'-BOUND, a. 1. An animal is hide-bound when his skin 

sticks to his sides or back. A tree is hide-bound when the 

bark will not give way to its growth. Hence, 2. Harsh ; 

untractable ; [not used.] 3. Niggardly ; penurious ; [obs.] 

* HID'E-OUS, a. [Fr. hideux.] 1. Shocking to the eye. 2. 

Shocking to the ear ■ exciting terror. 3. Detestable. 
Spenser. — Syn. Frightful; ghastly; grim ; grisly; horrid; 
dreadful; terrible. 

* HID'E-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to frighten ; dreadfully ; 

shockingly. 

* HID'E-OUS-NESS, n. Frightfulness to the eye ; dreadful- 
ness; horribleness. 

HID'ER, n. One who hides or conceals. 

HlDTNG, ppr. Concealing ; covering or withdrawing from 
view ; keeping close or secret. 

HIDTNG, n. 1. Concealment. 2. Withdrawment ; a with- 
holding. — Winer. 3. A beating. — Sharp ; [vulgar.] 

HiD'ING-PLaCE, n. A place of concealment. 

HlE, v. i. [Sax. higan, higian.] 1. To hasten; to move or 
run with haste ; to go in haste ; to speed. It is sometimes 
used with the reciprocal pronoun ; as, hie thee home. 

t HlE, n. Haste ; diligence. — Chaucer. 

Hl'E-RiRCH, n. [Gr. kpapxvS-] O ne wno rules or has au- 
thority in sacred things. 

Hl'E-RA.RCH-AL, a. Pertaining to a hierarch. — Milton. 

Hi-E-RaR€H'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to a hierarchy. 

Hi-E-RaR€H'I€-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a hie- 
rarchy. 

Hi'E-RaR€H-ISM, n. The principle of church government 
by a hierarchy. 

Hi'E-RaR€H-Y, n. [Gr. kpupxia.] 1. Dominion or author- 
ity in sacred things. 2. The persons who have the exclu- 
sive direction of things sacred ; used especially of a body 
of clergy of different ranks or orders. — 3. The celestial 
hierarchy, in the writings of pseudo Dionysius, embraced 
Christ as its head, and the various orders of angel's his 
ministering spirits. — Murdoch. 

HI-E-RATTC, a. [Gr. kpariKos.] 1. Sacerdotal; pertaining 
to priests; consecrated to sacred uses. — Russell. 2. A 
term applied to a mode of ancient Egyptian writing, con- 
sidered as a conversion of hieroglyphics into a kind of 
running hand, and used by the priests as the demotic was 
by the people. — P. Cyc. 

Hl-E-ROCRA-CY, n. [Gr. UpoS and Kfiartui.] Government 
by ecclesiastics. — Jefferson. 

Hl'E-RO-GLYPH, \n. [Gr. apoc and ^Au0w.] Literally,] 

Hl-E-RO-GLYPH'I€, ) a sacred character, applied to a 
species of writing first practiced by the ancient Egyptian ■ 
priests, often called picture-writing, which expressed a j 
series of ideas by representation of visible objects. — 
Brande. 

HI-E-RO-GLYPHIG, ) a. Emblematic ; expressive of 

Hl-E-RO-GLYPH'I€-AL, $ some meaning by characters, 
pictures, or figures. 

HI-E-RO-GLYPH'IC-AL-LY, adv. Emblematically. 

Hl-E-RO-GLYPHTST, n. A person conversant with hiero- 
glyphics. 

Hl'E-RO-GRAM, n. [Gr. hpos and ypaujia.] A species of 
sacred writing;. 

Hl-E-RO-GRAM-MATIC, a. [Gr. kpog and ypaixua.] Denot- 
ing a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal characters. 

Hl-E-RO-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. Literally, a sacred writer ; an 
Egyptian priest whose duty it was to decipher hieroglyph- 
ics, and preside over the religious services. — Brande. 

hII'-ro-graphtcIal, } a - Pertainin g to sacred writin g- 

HT-E-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Upas and ypatpij.] Sacred writ- 
ing;. [Little used.] 

Hi-E-RO-LOGTG, \a. Belonging to the science of hie- 

Hl-E-RO-LOG'I€-AL, 5 rology. 

HI-E-ROL/0-6IST, n. A person conversant with hierology. 

Hl-E-R0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. kpos and \oyoS-] The science 
which treats of sacred writings and inscriptions, particu- 
larly among the Egyptians, or a treatise on those subjects. 

Bi'E-RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. Upog and uavreia.] Divination 
by observing the various things offered in sacrifice. 

Hl-E-ROM-NE MON, n. [Gr. kpos and uvri^v.] The most 
honorable of the two classes of representatives which 
composed the Amphictyonic council. — Smith's Diet. 

* Hl'E-RO-PHANT or HI-ERO-PHANT, a. [Gr. hpo(pavTri<;.] 

A priest ; one who teaches the mysteries and duties of 
religion. 



HI-E-RO-PHANTIC, a. Pertaining to hieropbants. 

HIG'GLE, v. i. 1. To carry provisions about and oner then 
for sale. 2. To chaffer ; to be tedious and nice in b.o- 
gaining. 

HIG'GLE-DY-PIGGLE-DY, adv. In confusion. [Low.] 

HIG'GLER, n. 1. One who carries about provisions fo< 
sale 2. One who is particularly tedious and nice in bar 
gaining. 

HIG'GLING, n. The employment of a higgler ; the act ol 
being tedious and nice in bargaining. 

HlGH (hi), a. [Sax. heah, hig, heh, or hih.] 1. Extending « 
great distance above the surface of the earth ; elevated , 
lofty ; of great altitude ; tall. 2. Rising, or having risen, 
or being far above the earth ; elevated ; lofty. 3. Elevated 
above the horizon. 4. Raised above any object. 5. Ex 
alted in nature or dignity. 6. Elevated in rank, condition 
or office. 7. Possessing or governed by honorable pride , 
noble ; exalted ; magnanimous ; dignified. 8. Exalted ifl 
excellence or extent. 9. Difficult; abstruse. — Shak. 10, 
Boastful; ostentatious. — Clarendon. 11. Arrogant; proui; 
lofty ; loud ; as, high pretensions. 12. Loud ; boisterous , 
threatening or angry. 13. Violent ; severe ; oppressive ; 
as, to rule with a high hand. 14. Public ; powerful ; tri- 
umphant ; glorious. 15. Noble ; illustrious ; honorable ; 
as, of high descent. 16. Expressive of pride and haughti- 
ness. 17. Powerful ; mighty. 18. Possessed of supreme 
power, dominion, or excellence. 19. Great ; important ; 
solemn ; held in veneration. 20. Violent ; rushing with 
velocity ; tempestuous ; as, a high wind. 21. Tumultu- 
ous ; turtralent ; inflamed ; violent. 22. Full ; complete 
as, high time. 23. Raised ; accompanied by, or proceed- 
ing from, great excitement of the feelings. 24. Rich ; lux- 
urious ; well seasoned ; as, high fare. 25. Strong ; vivid ; 
deep, as coloring. 26. Dear ; of a great price. 27. Re- 
mote from the equator, north or south. 28. Remote in 
past time ; early in former time. 29. Extreme ; intense, 
as heat. 30. Loud. — 31. In music, acute ; sharp. 32. Much 
raised. 33. Far advanced in art or science r 4. Great, 
capital ; committed against the king, sovereign, or state ; 
as, high treason. 35. Great ; exalted. — High and dry, ap- 
plied to the situation of a vessel when aground above wa- 
ter mark. Totten. — High day, high noon, the time when 
the sun is in the meridian. 

HIGH, adv. 1. Aloft ; to a great altitude. 2. Eminently , 
greatly. 3. With deep thought ; profoundly. — Milton. 4 
Powerfully. — Milton. 

HIGH, n. 1. An elevated place ; superior region. — On high 
aloud ; [obs.] 2. Aloft. 

HiGH'-aIMED, a. Having grand or lofty designs. 

HiGH'-aRCHED (-archt),a. Having elevated arches.— May 

HlGH'-AS-PlR'ING, a. Having elevated views ; aiming at 
elevated objects. — Bp. Hall. 

HlGH'-BLEST, a. Supremely happy.— Milton. 

HlGH'-BLoWN, a. Swelled much with wind ; inflated. 

HlGH'-BORN, a. Being; of noble birth or extraction. 

HiGH'-BRED. a. Bred in high life.— Byron. 

HlGH'-BROWED, a. Having higb brows.— Moore. 

HlGH'-BUILT (hi'-bilt), a. 1. Of lofty structure.— Milton. 
2. Covered with lofty buildings. — Creech. 

HlGH'-CHURCH, a. An epithet applied to those in tho 
Episcopal Church who attach the highest importance to 
episcopacy, so as to question or deny the validity of rites 
and ordinances performed by those who have not been 
episcopally ordained. 

HIGH'-CHURCH'MAN, n. One who holds high-church prin- 
ciples. 

HlGH'-CHURCH'ISM, n. The principles of the high-church 
party. 

HlGH'-€LlMB-ING (hi'-klim-ing), a. 1. Climbing to a great 
height. 2. Difficult to be ascended. — Milton. 

HlGH'-€6L-ORED (hi'-kul-lurd), a. 1. Having a strong, 
deep, or glaring color. 2. Vivid; strong or forcible in 
representation. 

HIGH'-€6N'STA-BLE, n. A police officer in some cities. 

HIGH-CURL-ING, a. Rising high in curls.— M. Bruce. 

HlGH'-DAY,_a. Fine ; befitting a holiday— Shak. 

HlGH'-DE-SlGNTNG, a. Forming great schemes. 

HiGH'-EM-BoW£D', a. Having lofty arches.— Milton. 

HlGH'-EN-<JENT)ERED, a. Engendered aloft, or in tho 
air. — Shak. 

HlGH'-FED, a. Pampered ; fed luxuriously. — Milton. 

HlGH'-FIN-ISHED (-fin-isht), a. Finished completely. 

HiGH'-FLaM-ING, a. Throwing flame to a great height. 

HiGH'-FLa-VORED, a. Having a high flavor. 

HlGH'-FLi-ER, n. One who carries his opinions to ex- 
travagance. — Swift. 

HlGH'-FLoWN, a. 1. Elevated; swelled; proud. 2. Tur- 
gid ; swelled ; extravagant. — L' Estrange. 

HtGH'-FLUSHED (hi'-flusht), a. Much elated.— Young. 

HIGH'-FLY-ING, a. Extravagant in claims or opinions. 

HiGH'-GaZ-ING, a. Looking upward. — More. 

HlGH'-Go-ING, a. Moving rapidly. — Massenger. 

HlGH GRoWN, a. Having the crop considerably grown. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long,— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD .— MoVE, BOOK, 



HIL 



493 



HIN 



HlGH'-HAND-ED, a. Violent; overbearing; oppressive. 

HiGH'-HeAPED (hi'-heept), a. 1. Covered with high piles. 
— Pope. 2. Raised in high piles. — Pope. 

HiGH'-HEaRT-ED, a. Full of courage.— Beaum. and Fl. 

HlGH'-HEELED, a. Having high heels.— Swiff!. 

HIGH'-HUNG, a. Hung aloft; elevated.— Dryden. 

HlGH'-LiVED, a. Pertaining to high Me.— Goldsmith. 

HiGH'-MaSS, ii. Among Roman Catholics, thai mass which 
is read before the high altar on Sundays, feast-days, and 
jreat occasions. — Encyc. Amer. 

HlGH' -MET-TLED, a. Having high spirit ; ardent. 

HtGH'-MlND-ED, a. 1. Proud ; arrogant. 2. Having hon- 
orable pride ; magnanimous ; opposed to mean. 

HIGH'-MlND'ED-NESS, n. State of being high-minded. 

HiGH'-PLaCE, n. In Scripture, an eminence or mound on 
■which sacrifices were offered. 

HIGH'-PLiCED (-plast), a. Elevated in situation or rank. 

HlGH'-PRESS-URE, a. See Steam-engine. 

HiGH-PRIeST, n. A chief priest.— Scripture. 

HiGH'-PRIeST'SHIP, n. Office of a high-priest. 

HlGH'-PRIN'CI-PLED, a. Extravagant in notions of poli- 
tics. — Swift. 

HlGH'-PROOF, a. Highly rectified; very strongly alco- 
holic ; as, high-proof spirits. 

HIGH'-RHSED, a. 1. Elevated ; raised aloft. 2. Raised 
with great expectations or conceptions. — Milton. 

HIGH'-ReACH-ING, a. 1. Reaching to a great height. 2. 
Reaching upward. 3. Ambitious ; aspiring. 

HiGH'-ReARED, a. s Raised high; of lofty structure. 

HlGH'-RED, a. Having a strong red color ; deeply red. 

HIGH'-RE-PENTED, a. Deeply repented.— Shak. 

HlGH'-RE-SOLVED', a. Very resolute.— Tit. Andron. 

HlGH'-RoAD, n. A highway, or much-frequented road. 

HlGH'-ROOFED (,-rooft), a. Having a lofty or sharp roof. 

HlGH'-RoPES, n.pl. A person is said to be on his high ropes 
when he is greatly elevated or excited, especially by pas- 
sion. — Gi-ose. [Vulgar.] 

HTGH'-SeA'SONED, a. Enriched with spices or other sea- 
soning. _ 

HIGH'-SeAT-ED, a. Fixed on high ; seated in an elevated 
place. — Milton. 

HlGH'-SlGHT-ED, a. Always looking upward. 

HlGH'-SoULEP, a. Having a high spirit. — Everett. 

EHGH'-SOUND-ING, a. Pompous ; noisy ; ostentatious. 

HTGH'-SPIR'IT-ED, a. 1. Full of spirit or natural fire ; 
eaily irritated ; irascible. 2. Full of spirit ; bold ; daring. 

HIGH-ST6MAGHED (hi'-stum'akt), a. Having a lofty spir- 
it ; proud ; obstinate. — Shak. 

HIGH-SWELLED a. Swelled to a great height. 

HIGH'-SWELL-ING, a. Swelling greatly ; inflated ; boast- 
ful. 

HIGH'-SWoLN, a. Greatly swelled.— Shak. 

HiGH'-Ta-PER, n. A plant of the genus verbascum. 

HiGH'-TaST-ED, a. Having a strong relish ; piquant. 

HlGH'-TlME, n. Full time ; time at which a thing must be 
attended to ; as, it is high-time to stop these proceedings. 

HlGH'-ToN_ED, a. High in sound. 

HlGH'-TOW-ERED, a. Having lofty towers.— Milton. 

HlGH'-ViCED (-vist), a. Enormously wicked.— Shak. 

HlGH'-WROUGHT (-rawt), a. 1. Wrought with exquisite 
art or skill ; accurately finished. — Pope. 2. Inflamed to a 
high degree. 

HlGH'-WA'TER, n. The utmost flow or greatest elevation 
of the tide ; also, the time of such elevation. 

HIGH'-WATER-MaRK, n. The line made on the shore 
by the tide at its utmost height. 

HIGHGaTE RES'IN. See Fossil Copal. 

HIGHLAND, n. Elevated land ; a mountainous region ; as, 
the Highlands of Scotland ; the Highlands on the Hudson. 

HlGH'LAND-ER, n. An inhabitant of the mountains. 

HIGH'LAND-ISH, a. Denoting high or mountainous land. 

HIGHLY (hily), adv. 1. With elevation in place. 2. In a 
great degree. 3. Proudly ; arrogantly ; ambitiously. — 
Shak. 4. With elevation of mind or opinion ; with great 
estimation. 

IHIGH'MoST, a. Highest.— Shak. 

HIGHNESS (hi'nes), n. 1. Elevation above the surface ; 
loftiness ; altitude ; height. 2. Dignity ; elevation in rank, 
character, or power. 3. Excellence ; value. — Howell. 4. 
Violence. 5. Great amount. 6. Acuteness, as of tone. 7. 
Intenseness, as of heat. 8. A title of honor given to princes 
or other men of rank. 

HlGHT (hite), n. 'This spelling of the word, as derived from 
high, was formerly in use, and would still be desirable.] El- 
evation; altitude; loftiness. • 

f HlGHT, named, called, promised, &c. (sometimes written 
hote), is a corruption from Saxon hatan. 

HlGHWIY, n. 1. A public road ; a way open to all pas- 
sengers. 2. Course ; road ; train of action. 

HIGH'WaY-MAN, n. One who robs on the public road, or 
lurks in the highway for the purpose of robbing. 

t HIL'A-RaTE. See Exhilarate. 

HI-La'RI-OUS, a. Mirthful; merry. 



HI-LAR1-TY, n. [L. hilar has.] A pleasurable excitemunt 
of the animal spirits. — Hilarity differs from joy ; the latter, 
excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the 
mind ; the former, by social pleasure, drinking, &c, which 
rouse the animal spirits. — Syn. Glee ; cheerfulness , mirth ; 
merriment ; gayety ; joyousness ; exhilaration ; jovialty ; 
jollity. 

HIL'A-RY-TERM, n. The term of courts, &c, which be- 
gins about St. Hilary's day, or near the middle of January 
[England.] 

HELD [G. and D. held, Dan. heldt, a hero] is retained u. 
names ; as, Hildebert, a bright hero. 

tHILD'ING, n. [qu. Sax. hyldan.] A mean, sorry, paltry 
man or woman. — Shak. 

HlLE. See Hilum. 

HILL, n. [Sax. hill or hyl.] 1. A natural elevation of land, 
or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the 
surrounding land; an eminence. 2. A cluster of plants, 
and the earth raised about them ; as, a hill of maize. [ U. 
States.] 

HILL, v. t. 1. To raise earth about plants ; to raise a little 
mass of earth. — Farmers, in New England, hill their maize 
in July. 2. [Sax. helan.] To cover ; [obs.] 

HILLED, pp. or a. Raised into hills ; having hills. 

HILL'I-NESS, n. The state of being hilly.— Rich. Diet. 

HILL'ING, ppr. Raising into Mils. 

HILLING, n. 1. Covering ; [obs.] 2. The act of raising 
the earth around plants. 

HILL'OCK, n. A small hill.— Milton. 

HILL'SlDE, n. The side or declivity of a hill. 

HILLTOP, n. The top of a hill. 

HILLY, a. Abounding with hills ; as, a hilly country. 

HILT, n. [Sax. hilt.] The handle of any thing, particularly 
of a sword. 

HIL TED, a. Having a hilt. 

Hl'LUM, n. [L. ; W. Ml.] The eye of a bean or other seed 
where it separates from the placenta. 

HIM, pron. The objective case of he. [L. sum.] 

HIM-SELF', pron. In the nominative or objective case. 1. 
He ; but himself is more emphatic?!, or 'tiiore expressive 
of distinct personality, than he ; as, hims tlf had done the 
deed. 2. When himself is added to he, or to a noun, it ex- 
presses discrimination of person with particular emphasis ; 
as, he himself went. 3. When used as the reciprocal pro- 
noun, it is not usually emphatical; as, he hid himself. 4 
It was formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns. — 
Scripture. 5. Himself is used to express the proper char- 
acter, or natural temper and disposition of a person ; us, 
let him act himself. — By himself, alone ; unaccompanied , 
sequestered. 

HIN, n. [Heb. "}!-[.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, said by 
Josephus to be double the Greek x°°S< or about six quarts : 
English measure. 

HlND, n. [Sax., G., D. hinde.] The female of the red deer 
or stag. 

HlND, n. [Sax. hine.] 1. A domestic ; a servant. — Shak. , 
[obs.] 2. A peasant ; a rustic ; a countryman ; a swain ; 
a boor ; or a husbandman's servant. [English.] 

HlND, a. [Sax. hyndan.] Backward ; pertaining to the part 
which follows ; in opposition to the fore-part ; as, the hind 
legs of a quadruped. 

HlND'BER-RY, n. A wild fruit allied to the raspberry. 

HlND'ER, a. ; comp. of hind. That is in a position contrary 
to that of the head or fore-part. 

HIN'DER, v. t. [Sax. henan, hynan, hindrian.] 1. To keep 
back, or prevent from moving forward by any means. 2 
To prevent progress, or to render slow in motion. 3. To 
prevent, in a general sense ; as, what hinders our having 
that right? — Syn. To stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart 
oppose ; obstruct ; debar ; arrest ; embarrass ; check ; re- 
tard ; impede ; delay. 

HIN'DER, v. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments. 

HIN'DER-ANCE, \ n. 1. The act of impeding or restraining 

HIN'DRANCE, 5 motion. 2. Impediment; that which 
stops progression or advance : obstruction. 

HINDERED, pp. Stopped ; impeded ; obstructed ; re- 
tarded. 

HIN'DER-ER, n. One who stops or retards ; that which 
hinders. 

HIN'DER-ING, ppr. Stopping ; impeding ; retarding. 

HlND'ER-LING, n. A paltry, worthless, degenerate animal. 

HlND'ER-MoST, a. That which is behind all others ; the 
last. [But we now use hindmost.] 

HiND'MdST, a. The last; that is in the rear of all others 

HIN'DU°' \ n - An ^"S™ 31 of Hindostan. 

HINDOO-ISM, \n. The doctrines and rites of the Hin- 

HIN'DU-ISM, 5 doos. 

HIN-DOO-STAN'EE, a. or n. A term applied to the Hin- 
doos or their, language. 

HIN6E (hinj), n. 1. The hook or joint on which a door, 
gate, &c, turns. 2. That on which any thing depends or 
turns. 3. A cardinal point, as east, west, north, or south ; 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VX"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HIR 



494 



HIS 



[little used.] — To be off the hinges, is to be in a state of dis- 
order or irregularity. — Tillotson. 

HINGE, v. t. 1. To furnish with hinges. 2. To bend, as a 
hinge. — Shalt; [rare.] 

HINGE, v. i. To stand, depend, or turn, as on a hinge. 

HIN6.ED, pp. Placed on a hinge. 

HING'ING (hinj'ing), ppr. Depending; turning. 

I HIN'N Y^ 1 E ' \ ** * ; t L * hinnio -] To neigh.— Sera Jonson. 

HIN'N Y, n. The produce of a stallion and a she-ass. — Booth. 

HINT, v. t. [It. cenno.] To bring to mind by a slight men- 
tion or a remote allusion ; to allude to. — Syn. To suggest ; 
intimate; insinuate; imply. 

HINT, v. i. To hint at, is to make a remote allusion to ; tO 
mention slightly. — Syn. To allude ; refer ; glance ; touch. 

HINT, n. 1. A distant allusion ; slight mention ; intimation ; 
insinuation. 2. Suggestion. 3. An occasion ; as, our hint 
of woe is common ; it was my hint to speak ; [obs.] [May 
not this word be connected with hent (hentan), to seize 
or lay hold of, and denote that which is to be laid hold of, 
as an occasion or intimation ? — Ed.] 

HINTED, pp. Alluded to ; mentioned slightly. ' 

HINTING, ppr- Alluding to ; mentioning slightly. 

HINTING-LY, adv. In a hinting manner; 

HIP, n. [Sax. hipe, hijpe, hypp.] The projecting part of an an- 
imal, formed by the os ilium or haunch bone ; the haunch ; 
the joint of the thigh.- — To have on the hip, to have the ad- 
vantage over one. — To smite hip and thigh, completely to 
overthrow or defeat. — Judges, xv. 

HIP, v. t. To sprain or dislocate the hip. 

HIP, \ 

HOP, 3 

HIP, 



The fruit of the dog-rose or wild brier. 



HIF, ) 

HIPPJ5D, > See Hyp. 
HIP'PISH. > 



HIP'-ROOF, it. The same with hipped-roof, which see. 

f HIP'HALT, a. [hip and halt.] Lame ; limping. — Gower. 

HIPP£D'-ROOF (hipf-roof ), n. A roof whose ends slant 
back at the same angle with the adjacent sides ; also called 
hip-roof. — Gwilt. 

HIP'PO-CAMP, n. [Gr. fairoKanrros.] A name given to the 
sea-horse. — Browne. 

HIP-PO-CENTAUR, n. [Gr. imroKevravPoS.] In ancient fa- 
Vie, a supposed monster, half man and half horse. 

HIP'PO-CRAS, n. [Pr.] A medicinal drink, composed of 
wine with an infusion of spices and other ingredients. 

HIP-POCRA-TES' SLEEVE. A kind of bag, made by unit- 
ing the opposite angles of a square piece of flannel, used 
for straining sirups atd decoctions. 

HIP-PO-€RAT'I€ FICE. [L. fades hippocratica.] Pale, 
sunken, and contracted features, considered as a fatal 
symptom in diseases. — Parr. 

HIP-POCRA-TISM, n. The philosophy of Hippocrates, as 
it regards medicine. — Chambers. 

H1PTO-DAME, n. A sea-horse. — Spenser. 

HIP'PO-DROME, n. [Gr. fairoSpoixos.] Anciently, a circus or 
place appropriated to races and other equestrian exer- 
cises. The term is still in use. — Brande. 

HIP'PO-GRIFF, n. [Fr. hippogriffe.] A fabulous animal, 
half horse and half griffin ; a winged horse. 

HIP-POP A-THOL'O-GY, n. The science of veterinary med- 
icine ; the pathology of the horse. — Farm. Encyc. 

HIP-POPHA-GOUS, a. Feeding on horses, as the Tartars. 

HIP-POPH'A-GY, n. [Gr. Ittttos and <payu).] The act or prac- 
tice of feeding on horses. — Quart. Rev. 

HIP-PO-POTA-MUS, n. [Gr. hitoS and vrora/io?.] The river- 
horse, a large animal, allied to the elephant, that inhabits 
the Nile and other rivers in Africa. 

HIP-Pu'RI€ ACID, n. [Gr. hirus and ovfiov.] An acid allied 
to benzoic acid, obtained from the urine of horses, &c. 

HIP'PU-lliTE, 71. An extinct bivalve mollusk occurring in 
the chalk formations. 

HfP'SHOT, a. Having the hip dislocated. 

HIPW6RT, n. A plant. 

1 HiR, pron. In old English, her; sometimes used for the 
plural, their. 

HiR'CIC ACID, n. An acid produced by the saponification 
of hircin. — Ure. 

HiR'CIN, n. [L. hircus.] A liquid, fatty matter obtained 
from mutton suet, and giving it a peculiar, rank smell. — 
Brande. 

HrRE, v. t. [Sax. hyran.] 1. To procure from another per- 
son, and for temporary use, at a certain price ; as, to hire 
a house of a man. 2. To engage in service for a stipulated 
reward ; to contract with for a compensation ; as, to hire 
a man for a day. 3. To bribe ; to engage in immoral or 
illegal services for a reward — To hire out one's self, to let; 
to engage one's services to another for a reward.— To hire, 
or to hire out, to let; to lease ; as, to hire out a house to a 
man, 

ililttf, n. [Say. hyre.] 1. The price, reward, or compensa- 
tion paid or contracted to be given for the temporary use 
ot any ftung 2. The reward or recompense paid for 



personal service. 3. Re ward for base or illegal servics a 
bribe. — Syn. Wages ; salary ; stipend ; allowance ; pay 

HIR.ED, pp. or a. Procured or taken for use at a stipulated 
or reasonable price : as, a hired farm. 2. Employed in 
service for a compensation, as a man. 

HlRE'LESS, a. Without hire. 

HlRE'LING, n. 1. One who is hired, or who serves foi 
wages. 2. A mercenary ; a prostitute. — Pope. 

HlRE'LING* a. Serving for wages ; venal ; mercenary \ 
employed for money or other compensation. 

t Hl'REN, n. A strumpet.— Shak. 

HlR'ER, n. One who hires ; one who procures the use of 
any thing for a compensation ; one who employs person* 
for wages, or contracts with persons for service. 

HlRTNG, ppr. Procuring the use for a compensation. 

HiR-SuTE', a. [L. hirsutus.] 1. Hairy ; rough with hair , 
shaggy ; set with bristles. — 2. In botany, it is nearly synon 
ymous with hispid, but it denotes having more hairs or 
bristles, and less stiff. 

HIR-SuTE'NESS, n. Hairiness.— Burton. 

HIS (hiz), pron. possessive of he. [Sax. gen. hys, and hyse, 
male.] 1. Of him. 2. The present use of his is as a pro- 
nominal adjective, in any case indifferently, correspond- 
ing to the L. suus ; as, tell John his papers are ready. — 3 
His was formerly used for its, but improperly. 4. It wu 
formerly used as the sign of the possessive ; as, the m~a 
his ground, for the man's ground. — 5. His is still used as a 
substitute for a noun, preceded by of; as, ye ministers of 
his. — Hisself is no longer used. 

HIS'IN-GER-lTE, n. A soft black iro» ore, nearly earthy. 

H1SK, v. i. To breathe with difficulty. [North of England.) 

HIS'PID, a. [L. hispidus.] 1. Rough with bristles or mi- 
nute spines ; bristly. — 2. In botany, having strong hairs or 
bristles. 

HISS, v. i. [Sax. hysian.] 1. To make a sound by driving 
the breath between the tongue and the upper teeth ; to 
give a strong aspiration resembling the noise made by a 
serpent. 2. To express contempt or disapprobation by 
hissing. 3. To whiz, as an arrow or other thing in rapid 
flight. 

HISS, v. t. 1. To condemn by hissing ; to explode. 2. To 
procure hisses or disgrace. — Shaft. 

HISS, n. 1. The sound made by propelling the breath be- 
tween the tongue and upper teeth ; the noise of a serpent, 
a goose, &c. 2. An expression of contempt or disappro- 
bation, used in places of public exhibition. 

HISSED (hist), pp. Expressed contempt by hissing. 

HISSING, ppr. or a. Making or resembling the noise of 
serpents. 

HISSING, n. 1. A hissing sound ; an expression of scorn 
or contempt. 2. The occasion of contempt; the object 
of scorn and derision. 

HISS'ING-LY, adv. With a whistling sound.— Sherwood. 

HIST, exclam. [Dan. hyst.] A word commanding silence ; 
equivalent to hush, be silent. 

t HIS-To'RI-AL, a. Historical.— Chaucer. 

HIS-To'RI-AN, n. [Fr. historien.] A writer or compiler of 
history. 

HIS-TOR'IC. I a. [L. historicus.] 1. Containing history, 

HIS-TOR'IC-AL, J or the relation of facts. 2. Pertaining 
to history. 3. Contained in history ; deduced from histo- 
ry. 4. Representing history. — Historical painting, that 
highest branch of the art which can embody a story in 
one picture, and invest it with the warmth of poetry 
Smart. — The historical sense, in hermeneutics, is that mean- 
ing of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances 
of time, place, &c, under which it was written ; the pri 
mary sense as opposed to any secondary or remoter one 

HIS-TOR'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of history ; ao 
cording to history ; by way of narration. 

HISTO-RI£D (his'to-rid), a. Recorded in history. 

t HIS-To'RI-ER, n. A historian. 

t HIS-TOR'I-FY, v. t. To relate ; to record in history. - 
Sidney. 

HIS-TO-RI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. laropia and ypa<pu>.] A 
historian ; a writer of history ; particularly, a professed 
historian ; an officer employed to write the history of a 
prince or state. 

HIS-TO-RI-OG'RA-PHY, n. The art or employment of a 
historian. 

t HIS-TO-RI-OL'O-gY, n. A discourse on history, or th* 
knowledge of history. 

HISTO-RY, n. [Gr. laropia : L.. Sp., Port, historia.] 1. Ax 
account of facts, particularly of facts respecting nations oi 
states ; a narration of events in the order in which they 
happened, wfth their causes and effects. History differs 
from annals. Annals relate simply the facts and events 
of each year, in strict chronological order, without any 
observations of the annalist. History regards less strictly 
the arrangement of events under each year, and admits 
the observations of the writer. 2. Narration ; verbal rela- 
tion of facts or events ; story. 3. Knowledge of facts and 
events. — Watts. 4. Description; an account of things that 



Synopsis. I, E, T, &c , long.— a, K, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD , MOVE, BOOK, 



HOA 



495 



HOB 



exist, as of animals or plants. 5. An account of the ori- 
gin, life, and actions of an individual person. 

HIST O-RY-PIeCE, n. A representation of any real event 
in painting. 

f HISTRI-ON, n. A player.— Pope. 

HIS-TRI-ON'IC, \a. [L. kistrionicus.] Pertaining to a 

HIS-TR[-ON'I€-AL, 5 stage-player ; belonging to stage- 
playing ; theatrical. 

HIST R[-ON'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a stage-play- 
er ; theatrically. 

HISTRI-O-NISM, n. The acts or practice of buffoons or 
pantomimes ; stage-playing. — Southey. 

HIT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hit. [Sw. hitta.] 1. To strike or 
touch, either with or without force. 2. To strike or touch 
a mark with any thing directed to that object; not to 
miss. 3. To reach ; to attain to. 4. To suit ; to be con- 
formable. — Milton. 5. To strike ; to touch properly ; to 
oiler the right bait.— To kit off. 1. To strike out; to de- 
termine luckily. 2. To represent or describe exactly. — 
To hit. out, to perform by good luck. — Spenser ; [unusual] 

HIT, v. i. 1. To strike ; to meet or come in contact ; to 
clarh. 2. To meet or fall on by good luck; to succeed 
by accident : not to miss. 3. To strike or reach the in- 
tended point ; to succeed. — To hit on or upon, to light 
on ; to come to or fall on by chance ; to meet or find, as 
by accident. 

HIT, n. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body 
against another. 2. A chance ; a casual event. 3. A 
lucky chance ; a fortunate event. 4. A term in back- 
gammon. — 5. Figuratively, a striking expression or turn 
of thought which seems to be peculiarly applicable, or to 
kit. the point. 

HITCH, v. i. [W. hecian.] 1. To move by jerks, or with 
Btops. 2. To become entangled ; to be caught or hooked. 
—South. 3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses ; 
[not American usage.] 4. To hop ; to spring on one leg ; 
[local.] 5. To move or walk. — Grose. 

HITCH, v.t. 1. To hook; to catch by a hook. 2. To fasten 
by hitching ; [New England.] 

HITCH, n. 1. A catch ; any thing that holds. 2. The act 
of catching, as on a hook, &c. — 3. In seamen's language, 
a knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or other 
object. 4. A stop or sudden halt in walking or moving. 

HITCHED (hitcht), pp. Caught ; hooked ; fastened. 

\ HITCH'EL, v. t. To hatchel. See Hatchel. 

HITCHTNG, n. A fastening in a harness. 

HITCHING, ppr. Hooking; fastening. 

HlTHE, n. [Sax. hyth.] A port or small haven ; as in 
Queenhithe. [English.] 

HITH'ER, adv. [Sax. hither, or hider.] 1. To this place ; 
used with verbs signifying motion ; as, to come hither. — 2. 
Hither and thither, to this place and that. 3. To this point ; 
to this argument or topic ; to this end ; [little used.] 

HITH'ER, a. Nearest ; toward the person speaking. 

HITH'ER-MoST, a. Nearest on this side.— Hale. 

HITHERTO, adv. 1. To this time ; yet. 2. In any time, 
or every time till now ; in time preceding the present. 3. 
To this place ; to a prescribed limit. 

HITH'ER-WARD, adv. This way; toward this place.— 
Shak. 

HITTING, ppr. Striking. 

HlVE, n. [Sax. hyfe.] 1. A box, chest, or kind of basket 
for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honey-bees. 
2. A swarm of bees ; or the bees inhabiting a hive. 3. A 
company or society together, or closely connected. 

HlVE, v. t. 1. To collect into a hiv M cause ro enter a 
hive. — Dryden. 2. To contain , co receive, as a habitation, 
or place of deposit. 

HlVE. v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together ; to reside 
in a collective body. — Pope. 

Hi V ED, pp. Lodged in a hive or shelter. 

HlV'ER, n. One who collects bees into a hive. 

HlVES. 72. [Scot. qu. heave.] 1. A disease, the croup, or 
cynanche trachealis ; rattles. 2. A popular name of an 
eruptive disease allied to the chicken-pox. — Buchanan. 

HlV'ING, ppr. Collecting into a hive. 

t HIZZ. v. i. To hiss.— Shak. 

t HIZZ'ING, n. A hissing or hiss.— May. 

Ho, exclam. A word used by teamsters to stop their teams. 
It has been used as a noun, for stop, moderation, bounds. 
This word is pronounced, also, who, or hwu. 

Ho, } exclam. [L. cho.] A call to excite attention, or to 

Ho A, > give notice ol approach. 

HOAR, a. [Sax. har.] 1. White ; as, hoar frost. 2. Gray ; 
white with age ; hoary. 3. Moldy ; musty. — Spenser ; 
[obs.] 

HoAR, n. Hoanness ; antiquity. — Burke. 

HOAR v. i. To become moldy or musty. [Little used.] 

HOAR'-FROST, n. The white particles of frozen dew. 

HoAR'-SToNE, n. [Arm. hart, a bound or limit.] A land- 
mark ; a stone designating the bounds of an estate. 

HOARD, n. [Sax. hord.] 1. A store, stock, or large quanti- 
ty of any thing accumulated or laid up ; a hidden stock ; 



a treasure. 2. A fence inclosing a house and material* 
while builders are at work. — Smart ; [England.] 

HOARD, v. t. To collect and lay up a largo quantity of any 
thing ; to amass and deposit in secret ; to store secretly. 

HoARD, v. i. To collect and form a hoard ; to lay up store. 

HOARD'ED, pp. or a. Collected and laid up in store. 

HoARX/ER, n. One who lays up in store ; one who accu- 
mulates and keeps in secret. 

HOARDING, ppr. 1. Laying up in store. 2. a. Instinctive- 
ly collecting and laying up provisions for whiter. 

HOARDTNG, n. A laying up in store. 

t HOARED. a. Moldy ; musty. 

HoAR'HOUND, n. The name of a plant of bitter taste, the 
marrubium vulgare, much used as a tonic. 

HoAR'I-NESS, n. The state of being white, whitish, or gray. 

HoARSE (hors), a. 1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, 
as when affected with a cold. 2. Rough ; grating ; dis- 
cordant, as the voice, or as any sound. 

HOARSE'-SOUND-ING, a. Malting a harsh sound. 

HoARSE'LY, adv. With a rough, harsh, grating voice or 
sound. — Dryden. 

HoARSE'NESS, n. Harshness or roughness of voice or 
sound ; preternatural asperity of voice. 

HoAR'Y, n. 1. White or whitish. 2. White or gray with 
age. 3. Moldy ; mossy. Knolles. — 4. In botany, grayish 
white, caused by very short dense hairs covering the sur- 
face.— Lindley. 

HOAX, n. [Sax. hucse or hucx.] Something done for de- 
ception or mockery ; a trick played off in sport. 

Ho AX, v. t. To deceive ; to play a trick upon for sport, or 
without malice. [A colloquial word.] 

HOAXED, pp. Deceived ; played a trick upon for sport 

HOAX'ER, n. One who hoaxes or deceives. — Smart. [Col- 
loquial.] 

HOAXING, ppr. Deceiving ; tricking, without malice. 

HOB, 1 n. [Dan. liob.] The nave of a wheel ; a solid piece 

HUB, 5 of timber in which the spokes are inserted. — Wash- 
ington. 

HOB, n. The fiat part of a grate at tr.e side, where things 
are placed to be kept warm. — Smart. 

HOB, n. A clown ; a fairy. 

HOB OR NOB. See Hobnob. 

HOB'-LlKE, a. Clownish ; boorish. — Cotgrave. 

HOB'BISM, n. The principles of the skeptical Thomas 
Hobbes. — Skelton. 

HOB'BIST, n. A follower of Hobbes, the skeptic. 

HOB'BLE, v. i. [W. hobelu.] 1. To walk lamely, bearing 
chiefly on one leg ; to limp ; to walk with a hitch or hop 
or with crutches. 2. To walk awkwardly. 3. To move 
roughly or irregularly, as verse. 

t HOB'BLE, v. t. To perplex. 

HOB'BLE, n. 1. An unequal, halting gait ; an encumbered, 
awkward step. 2. Difficulty ; perplexity. — Rich. Diet. 

HOB'BLE-DE-HOY, n. A stripling; a cant phrase for a boy 
between fourteen and twenty-one. — Swift. 

HOB'BLER, n. One who hobbles. 

HOB'BLER, n. One who by his tenure was to maintain a 
hobby for military service ; or one who served as a soldier 
on a hobby with fight armor. 

HOB'BLING, ppr. or a. Walking with a halting or inter- 
rupted step. 

HOB'BLING-LY, adv. With a limping or interrupted step. 

HOB'BY, n. [W. hobel] A species of falcon, extremely ac- 
tive, and formerly trained for hawking. — Jardine. 

HOB'BY, n. [Norm., Fr. hobyn.] 1. A strong active horse, 
of a middle size ; a nag ; a pacing horse ; a garran. 2. A 
stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride. 3. Any 
favorite object ; that which a person pursues with zeal or 
delisht. 4. A stupid fellow. 

HOB'BY-HORSE, n. [Tautological] 1. A hobby; a wood- 
en horse on which boys ride. 2. A character in the old 
May games. — Douce. 3. A stupid or foolish person. — Shak. 
4. The favorite object of pursuit. 

HOB-BY-HORS'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to or having a hobby- 
horse ; eccentric. — Sterne. 

HOB-BY-HORS'IC-AL-LY, ad. Whimsically.— Sterne. 

HOB'GOB-LIN, n. A fairy ; a frightful apparition. 

HOB'I-LEE, n. A feudal tenant "bound to serve as a light- 
horseman or bowman ; the same as hobbler. — Brandt. 

Ho'BIT, n. [Sp. hobus.] A small mortar, or short gun. See 
Howitzer, the common orthography. 

HOB'NaIL, n. [G. hufnas:el.] 1. A nail with a thick, strong 
head, such as is used for shoeing horses. 2. A clownish 
person, [in contempt.] — Milton. 

HOB'NXILED, a. Set with hobnails ; rough. 

HOB'NOB, adv. [qu. Sax. habban, nabban.] Take or not 
take ; a familiar call to reciprocal drinking. — Shale. 

HOB-O-MOK'KO, n. Among American Indians, an evil 
spirit. 

HOB'SON'S CHOICE, 72. A vulgar proverbial expression, 
denoting a choice in which there is no alternative : the 
thing offered or nothing. It is said to have its name from 
a person at Cambridge, England, named Hobson, who let 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ,-AN"GER, VI"CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



■^ 



HOG 



496 



HOL 



Dorses, and obliged every customer to take the horse that 

was next the doo.-. — Encyc. Amer. 
Ho'BOY. See Hautboy. 
HOCK, n. [Sax. hoh.] 1. The joint of an animal between 

the knee and the fetlock. 2. A part of the thigh. 
HOCK, ) v. t. To hamstring ; to hough ; to disable by 
HOCK'LE, 5 cutting the tendons of the ham. 
HOCK, n. [from Hockheim, in Germany.] A highly es- 
teemed Rhenish wine, of a light yellowish color. 
fHOCKA-MORE, n. A Rhenish wine. — Hudibras. See 

Hock. 
HOCK'DIY, In. High day ; a day of feasting and mirth, 
HoKE'DaY, j formerly held in England, to celebrate the 

destruction of the Danes by Ethelred. 
HOCKED (hokt), pp. Hamstrung ; disabled by cutting the 

tendons of the ham. 
HOCK'EY, n. 1. Harvest-home. 2. A game at ball played 

with a club which is curved at the bottom. It seems to 

be the same with hawkey, as described by Holloway. 
HOCK'HERB (-erb), n. A plant, the mallows. — Ainsworth. 
HOCK'LE, jy. t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To mow. 
Ho'-GUS Po'CUS, n. [W. hoced, and perhaps bwg or pwea,.] 

A jugglerj a juggler's trick ; a cheat used by conjurers. 
Ho'GUS Po'CUS, v. t. To cheat.— 1! Estrange. 
HOD, n. [Fr. hotte.] A kind of tray for carrying mortar 

and brick on the shoulder, furnished with a handle. 
HOD'D.EN-GRaY, n. Cloth made of wool in its natural 

state without being dyed. [Scottish.] 
fr HOD'DY-DOD'DY, n. An awkward or foolish person. 
HODgE'-PODgE, \n. [qu. Fr. hocher.] A mixed mass ; a 
HOTCH'-POTCH, 5 medley of ingredients. [Vulgar.] 

See Hotchpot. 
HO-DI-ERN'AL, a. [L. hodiernus.] Of this day ; belonging 

to the present day. 
HOD'MAN, n. A man who carries a hod. 
HOD'MAN-DOD, n. 1. A shell-fish, otherwise called dod- 

man. 2. A shell-snail. 
HoE (ho), n. [G. haue.] A farmer's instrument for cutting 

up weeds and loosening the earth in fields and gardens. 
HoE, v. t. 1. To cut, dig, scrape, or clean with a hoe. 2. 

To clear from weeds. 
HoE, v. i. To use a hoe. 

HO-ETD, pp. Cleared from weeds, or loosened by the hoe. 
HoE'ING, ppr. 1. Cutting, scraping, or digging with a hoe. 

2. Clearing of weeds with a hoe. 
HoE'ING, n. The act of scraping or digging with a hoe. 
fr Ho'FUL, a. [Sax. hohfull, hogfull.] Careful. 
HOG, n. [W. hwc.] 1. A swine ; a general name of that 

species of animal. — 2. In England, a castrated sheep of a 

year old. — Ash. 3. A bullock of a year old. — Ash. 4. A 

brutal fellow ; one who is mean and filthy. — 5. Among 

seamen, a sort of scrubbing-broom for scraping a ship's 

bottom under water. 
HOG, v. t. 1. To scrape a ship's bottom under water. 2. 

[G. hocken.] To carry on the back. — Grose ; [local.] 3. 

To cut the hair short ; as, to hog the mane of a horse. — 



HOG, v. i. To bend, so as to resemble in some degree a 
hog's back. A ship is said to hog, or be hogged, when she 
sinks at the two ends, and has her middle the highest, like 
the back of a hog. 

HOG'-HERD, n. A keeper of swine. — Brovme. 

HOG'-PEN, n. [hog and pen.] A hog-sty. 

HOG'-PLUM, n. A tropical tree and its fruit, which is some- 
what like the common plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. 

HOG'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to put rings in 
the snouts of swine. 

HOG'-SKIN, n. Tanned leather made of the skins of swine. 

HOG-STEER, n. [Sax. steor.] A wild boar of three years 
old. — Cocker am. 

HOG'-STY, n. A pen or inclosure for hogs. 

HOG'S'-BeAN, n. A plant, henbane. 

HOG'S -FEN-NEL, n. A plant of the genus peucedanum. 

HOGS'-MUSH-ROOMS, n. A plant.— Ainsworth. 

HOG'CoTE, n. [hog and cote.] A shed or house for swine : 
a sty. — Mortimer. 

HOGG.ED (hogd),^p. 1. Scraped under water. 2. Curved ; 
having the ends lower than the middle. 

HOG'GER-EL, n. A sheep of the second year. — Ash. A 
two-year old ewe. — Ainsworth. 

HOG'GET, n. [Norm, hoget.] 1. A sheep two years old. 
2. A colt of a year old ; called, also, hog-colt. — Grose ; 
[local] 3. A young boar of the second year. — Cyc. 

HOGGING, ppr. Scraping under water. 

HOG'GISH,, a. Having the qualities of a hog ; brutish ; 
gluttonous '; filthy ; meanly selfish. 

HOG'GISH-LY, adv. In a brutish, gluttonous, or filthy man- 
ner. 

HOG'GISH-NERS, n. Brutishness ; voracious greediness in 
eating ; beastly filthiness ; mean selfishness. 

fr HoGH (ho), n. [See High.] A hill ; a cliff.— Spenser. 

Ho'GO.u. [corrupted from haul gout.] High flavor; strong 
scent Scr, Haut Gout. 



HOGS'HeAD (hogz'hed), n. [D. oxhoofd.) 1. A measure o, 
capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52j imperial 
gallons. The old ale hogshead contained 54 ale gallons, or 
nearly 55 imperial gallons. — 2. In America, this name is 
often given to a butt, a cask containing from 110 to 120 
wine gallons. 3. A large cask. — Bacon. 

HOG'WASH, n. [hog and wash.] Swill ; the refuse matters 
of a kitchen for swine. 

HoHL'SPATH, n. [Ger.] The mineral otherwise called 
made, and chiastolite. 

HOI'D^EN (hoid'n), n. [W. hoeden.] 1. A rude, bold girl ; a 
romp. 2. A rude, bold man. — Milton. 

HOI'DJSN, a. Rude ; bold ; inelegant ; rustic. 

HOPD.EN, v. i. To romp rudely or indecently. 

HOI'D .EN-HOOD, n. State of being a hoiden. 

HOI'DiSN-ISH, a. Having the manners of a hoiden. 

HOIST, v. t. [G. hissen ; D. hyssen.] 1. To raise ; to lilt , 
to heave. 2. To raise ; to lift or bear upward by means 
of tackle. 3. To lift and move the leg backward ; [ap- 
plied to an animal.] 

HOIST, n. In marine language, the perpendicular height 
of a flag or sail, as opposed to the fly, or breadth from thn 
staff to the outer edge. 

HOISTED, pp. Raised; lifted; drawn up. 

HOISTING, ppr. Raising; lifting. 

HOIT, v. i. [Icel. hauta.] To leap ; to caper. — Beaum. and Ft. 

HOI'TY TOI'TY. An exclamation, denoting surprise or dis- 
approbation, with some degree of contempt. — Congreve. 

HOL'CAD, n. [Gr. b\xadiov.] In ancient Greece, a large ship 
of burden. — Mitford. 

HoLD, v. t. ; pret. held; pp. held. Hoiden is obsolete in ele- 
gant writing. [Sax. healdan.] 1. To stop ; to confine ; to 
restrain from escape ; to detain ; to keep fast ; to retain. 
2. To embrace and confine, with bearing or lifting. 3. To 
connect ; to keep from separation. 4. To maintain, as an 
opinion. 5. To consider ; to regard ; to think ; to judge, 
that is, to have in the mind. 6. To contain, or to have ca- 
pacity to receive and contain. 7. To retain within itself; 
to keep from running or flowing out ; as, the cistern holds 
water. 8. To defend ; to keep possession ; to maintain. 
9. To have. 10. To have or possess by title, as land. 11. 
To refrain ; to stop ; to restrain ; to withhold ; as, to hold 
one's tongue. 12. To keep. 13. To fix ; to confine ; to 
compel to observe or fulfill ; as, to hold one to his engage- 
ment. 14. To confine ; to restrain from motion. 15. To 
confine ; to bind ; [in a legal or moral sense.] 16. To 
maintain ; to retain ; to continue, as a purpose. 17. To 
keep in continuance or practice ; as, to hold anarchy. — 
Milton. 18. To continue ; to keep ; to prosecute or carry 
on, as one's course. 19. To have in session, as a court. 
20. To celebrate ; to solemnize, as a feast. 21. To main 
tain ; to sustain ; to have in use or exercise, as a contro- 
versy. 22. To sustain ; to support. 23. To carry ; to 
wield. 24. To maintain ; to observe in practice. 25. To 
last ; to endure ; as, this supply will hold us till our arrival. 

To hold forth. 1. Tu offer ; to exhibit; to propose. — Locke. 
2. To reach forth ; to put forward to view. — To hold in. 
1. To restrain ; to curb ; to govern by the bridle. 2. To 
restrain, in general ; to check ; to repress. — To hola off. to 
keep at a distance. — To hold on, to continue or proceed 
in. — To hold out. 1. To extend ; to stretch forth. 2. To 
propose ; to offer. — Ben Jonson. 3. To continue to do or 
suffer. — To hold over, to remain in after one's term has ex- 
pired. — To hold up. 1. To raise. 2. To sustain ; to sup- 
port Q " p " ~tain : to withhold. 4. To offer ; to exhibit 
5. To sustain ; io n.„^ t "-^m falling. — To hold one's own, 
to keep good one's present condition. — In seamen's lan- 
guage, a ship holds her own, when she sails as fast as an- 
other ship, or keeps her course. 

HoLD, v. i. 1. To be true ; not to fail ; to stand, as a fact 
or truth. 2. To continue unbroken or unsubdued. — 
Shak. 3. To last; to endure. Bacon. — To hold out is 
now more used. 4. To continue. 5. To be fast ; to be 
firm ; not to give w&y, or part. 6. To refrain. 7. To 
stick or adhere. 

To hold forth, to speak in public ; to harangue ; to preach , 
to proclaim. — To hold in. 1. To restrain one's self. 2. 
To continue in good luck. — Swift; [rare.] — To hold off, to 
keep at a distance ; to avoid connection. — To hold of, to 
be dependent on ; to derive title from. — To hold on. 1 . 
To continue; not to be interrupted. 2. To keep fast 
hold ; to cling to. 3. To proceed in a course. — To hold 
out. 1. To last ; to endure ; to continue. 2. Not to 
yield ; not to surrender ; not to be 6ubdued. — To hold to, 
to cling or cleave to ; to adhere. — To hold under, or from, 
to have title from. — To hold with, to adhere to , to side 
with ; to stand up for. — To hold plow, to direct or steer a 
plow by the hands, in tillage. — To hold together, ta be join 
ed ; not to separate ; to remain in union. — To hold up 
1. To support one's self. 2. To cease raining ; to cease 
as falling weather ; as, it may hold up. 3. To continue 
the same speed ; to run or move as fast. Collier. — Tc 
hold a wager, to lay, to stake, or to hazard a wager 



* See Synoptis. A, E, I, <fcc„ long.— X, £, T &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



HOL 



497 



HOM 



Swift.—- Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop; cease; 
forbear ; be still. 

HoLD, n. 1. A grasp with the hand ; an embrace with the 
arms. 2. Something which may be seized for support ; 
that which supports. 3. Power of keeping. — Milton. 4. 
Power of seizing. — Shah. 5. A prison ; a place of confine- 
ment. 6. Custody ; safe keeping.— Shah. 7. Power or 
influence operating on the mind ; advantage that may be 
employed in directing or persuading another. 8. Lurk- 
ing-place ; a place of security. 9. A fortified place ; a 
fort; a castle. 10. The whole interior cavity of a ship, 
between the floor and the lower deck. — 11. In music, a 
mark directing the performer to rest on the note over 
which it is placed. 

HoLD'BACK, n. Check ; hinderance ; restraint.— Hammond. 

HOLD'ER, n. 1. One who holds or grasps in his hand, or 
embraces with his arms. 2. A tenant: one who holds 
land under another.- Carew. 3. Something by which a 
thing is held. 4. One who owns or possesses. — 5. In ships, 
one who is employed in the hold. 

HoLD'ER-FoRTH, n. A haraaguer ; a preacher 

HoLD'FaST, n. A general name of various contrivances 
for securing and holding things in their places, as a long, 
flat-headed nail, a catch, a hook, &c. _ _ 

HoLD'ING, ppr. Stopping; confining; restraining; keep- 
ing ; retaining ; adhering ; maintaining, &c. 

HoLD'ING, n. 1. A tenure ; a farm held of a superior.— 
Carew. 2. The burden or chorus of a song. — Shale. 3. 
Hold ;' influence ; power over.— Burhe. 

HoLE, n. [Sax. hoi.) 1. A hollow place or cavity in any 
solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or artifi- 
cial. 2. An opening in or through a solid body. 3. A 
mean habitation ; a narrow or dark lodging. 4. An open- 
ing or means of escape ; a subterfuge. — Arm-hole. 1. The 
armpit ; the cavity under the shoulder of a person. — Ba- 
con. 2. An opening in a garment for the arm.— Syn. Hol- 
low ; concavity ; aperture ; interstice ; perforation ; ex- 
cavation ; pit ; cave ; den ; cell. 

HoLE. v. i. To go into a hole. — Ben Jonson. 

HOLE, v. t. 1. To cut, dig, or make a hole or holes in. 2. 
To drive into a bag, as in billiards. 

HOLI-BUT. See Halibut. 

HOL'I-DAM, n. Blessed lady. [An ancient oath.} 

HOL'I-DIY, n. 1. A day set apart for commemorating 
some important event in history ; a festival. 2. A day of 
joy and gayety. 3. A day of exemption from labor ; a day 
of amusement. See Holyday. 

HOL'1-DaY, a. Pertaining to a festival. 

Ho'LI-LY, adv. 1. Piously; with sanctity. Sacredly; in- 
violably ; without breach. — Shak. ; [little used.] 

Ho'LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being holy ; purity or in- 
tegrity of moral character ; freedom from sin. 2. Purity 
of heart or dispositions ; sanctified affections ; moral good- 
ness. 3. The state of any thing hallowed or consecrated 
to God or to his worship. 4. That which 13 separated to 
the service of God. 5. A title of the pope, and formerly 
of the Greek emperors. — Syn. Piety ; devotion ; godli- 
ness; religiousness; sanctity; sacredness. 

HoL'ING-AX, n. A narrow ax for cutting holes in posts. 

HOL-LoA', lezclam. A word used in calling. — Among sea- 

HOL-Lo', i men, it is the answer to one that hails, equiv- 
alent to I hear, and am ready. It is also written holla. 

HOL'LO, I (hollo or hol-16'), v. i. [Sax. ahlowan.] To call 

HOL'LA, 5 out or exclaim. 

HOL'LAND, n. Fine linen, first manufactured in Holland. 

HOL'LAND-ER n. A native of Holland. 

HOL'LAND-ISH, a. Like Holland. 

HOL'LANDS, n. A kind of cant term for gin. 

HOL'LEN. See Holly. 

HOL'LoW, a. [Sax. hoi] 1. Containing an empty space ; 
not solid. % 2. Sunk deep in the orbit. 3 P Deep; resem- 
bling sound reverberated from a cavity, or designating 
6uch a sound. 4. Not sincere or faithful ; not sound ; as, 
hollow professions. — Syn. Concave ; sunken ; low ; va- 
cant ; empty ; void ; false ; faithless ; deceitful ; hollow- 
hearted. 

HOL'LoW, n. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial; any de- 
pression of surface in a body ; concavity. 2. A place ex- 
cavated. 3. A cave or cavern ; a den ; a hole ; a broad, 
open space in any thing. 4. A pit. 5. Open space of any 
thing a groove ; a channel ; a canal. 

HOL'LoW, v. t. [Sax. holian.] To make hollow, as by dig- 
ging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate. 

HOL'LoW or HOL-LoW, v. i. To shout.— Dryden.— Smart. 
See Holloa and Hollo. 

HOL'LoW, adv. He carried it hollow ; that is, he beat all 
his competitors, or he beat all hollow, without difficulty. — 
Grose. [Colloquial.] 

HOL'LoW-EyED (-ide), a. Having sunken eyes. 
HOL'L5W-HEaRT-ED, a. Not sound and true ; of prac- 
tice or sentiment differing from profession. Butler.— 
Syn. Faithless ; insincere ; dishonest ; deceitful ; false ; 
treacherous. 



HOL'LoW-ROOT, n. A small plant, tuberous moschatei. 

HOL'LoW-SPXR, n. The mineral called, also, chiastolUe. 

HOL'LoW-SQUaRE, n. A body of foot soldiers drawn up 
to receive the charge of cavalry, having an empty space 
in the middle to receive the officers, artillery-men, &c, 
and protected on all sides by a line of bayonets. 

HOL'LoWiJD, pp. or a. Made hollow; excavated. 

HOL'LoW-ING, #/>/-. Making hollow ; excavating. 

HOL'LoW-LY, adv. Insincerely ; deceitfully. 

HOL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hollow ; cav- 
ity ; depression of surface ; excavation. 2. Insincerity 
deceitmlness ; treachery. 

HOL'LY, n. [Sax. holegn.] 1. The holm-tree, of the genu<- 
ilex, an evergreen shrub or tree, of slow growth, with 
prickly leaves and scarlet or yellow berries. 2. The holm 
oak, quercus ilex, an evergreen oak, often called holly-ode. 

HOL'LY-HO€K, n. [Sax. holihoc] A well-known flower- 
ing plant of the genus althaea. It is called, also, rose-mallow. 

HOL'LY-RoSE, n. A scentless plant.— -Smart. 

HoLM, n. 1. The evergreen oak ; the ilex. 2. An islet, or 
river isle. 3. A low, flat tract of rich land on the banks of 
a river. 

t HoLM'ITE, n. [from Mr. Holme.] A variety of carbonate 
of lime. 

HOL'O-CAUST, n. [Gr. bXoi and Kavaros.] A burnt-sacri- 
fice or ottering, of which the whole was consumed by fire. 

HOL'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. bXog and ypacpio.] A deed or testa- 
ment, written wholly by the grantor's or testator's own 
hand. 

HOL-O-GRAPH'IC, a. Written wholly by the grantor or 
testator himself. 

HOL-O-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. bXog and tSpa.] In mineralogy, a 
term applied to a crystal with all the similar edges or an- 
gles similarly replaced. 

HO-LOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. b\oS and uerpeu).] An instrument 
for taking all kinds of measures ; a pantometer. 

Hoi P ) 

HoLP'KN \ ^ e ant iquated prM- an d pp. of help. 

HoL'STER, n. [Sax. heolster.] A leathern case for a pistol, 
carried by a horseman. 

HoL'STERED, a. Bearing holsters.— Byron. 

HoLT, n. [Sax. holt.] A wood or woodland. — Drayton. [Ob- 
solete, except in poetry.] 

Ho'LY, a. [Sax. halig ; G., D. heilig.] 1. Properly, whole, 
entire, or perfect, in a moral sense. Hence, pure in heart; 
temper, or dispositions ; free from sin and sinful affec- 
tions. 2. Set apart to a sacred use 3. Proceeding from 
pious principles, or directed to pious purposes. 4. Per- 
fectly just and good. 5. Sacred; as, holy witness. Shak. 
— Holy of holies, in Scripture, the innermost apartment of 
the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept. 
— Holy Ghost, or Holy Spirit, the Divine Spirit ; the third 
person in the Trinity ; the Sanctifier of souls. — Holy war, 
a war undertaken to rescue the Holy Land, the ancient Ju- 
dea, from the infidels ; a crusade. — Syn. Pious; devout- 
godly ; religious ; immaculate ; divine ; hallowed ; conse- 
crated ; sanctified ; devoted. 

Ho'LY-CROSS DaY, n. The fourteenth of September, ob- 
served as a festival in commemoration of the exaltation of 
our Savior's cross. 

Ho'LY-GRu-EL, a. Cruel from excess of holiness. — SJiak. 

Ho'LY-DaY, a. Pertaining to a festival. See Holiday. 

Ho'LY-DaY, n. A religious festival ; [sometimes applied to 
a festival of any kind, for which holiday is the more appro 
priate term.] 

Ho'LY-OF'FICE, n. A name for the Inquisition. 

Ho'LY-ONE (-wun), n. 1. An appellation of the Supreme 
Being, by way of emphasis. 2. An appellation of Christ 
3. One separated to the sen-ice of God. 

Ho'LY-ROOD, n. The cross or crucifix, particularly one 
placed in Roman Catholic churches, over the entrance ol 
the chancel. [As applied to the palace in Edinburgh, th«» 
word is pronounced Hol'y-Rood. — Smart.] 

H6'LY-ROOD DaY, n. A festival observed on the four- 
teenth of September in memory of the exaltation of our 
Savior's cross. 

Ho'LY-STGNE, v. t. To scrub the deck ot a vessel with n 
stone. See the noun. 

Ho'LY-SToNE, n. A stone for cleaning the decks of ships ; 
so called from the dislike of seamen to use it.— Coze. 

Ho'LY-THIS-TLE (-thisl), n. A plant of the genus cen 
taurea. 

Ho'LY-THURSTjaY, n. The day on which the ascension 
of our Savior is commemorated, ten days before" Wbit- 
. suntide. — Johnson. 

Ho'LY-WA'TER, n. In the Greek and Roman Catholit 
churches water which has been consecrated by the pries! 
to sprinkle the faithful, and thinjrs used for holy purposes 

Ho'LY-WEEK, n. The week before Easter, in which the 
passion of our Savior is commemorated. 

Ho'LY-WRIT (-rit), n. The sacred Scriptures. 

HOM'AGE, n. [Ft. hommage.] 1. In feudal law, the sub 
mission, loyalty, and service which a tcnatt promised tc 



I)6VE ;— BULL, UNITE : 



-AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS — € as K • 6 as J ; 8 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Ii 



HOM 



498 



HON 



11I3 lord or superior ; the act of fealty. 2. Obeisance ; re- 
spect paid by external action. 3. Reverence directed to the 
Supreme Being ; reverential worship ; devout affection. 

HOM'AgE, v. t. To pay respect to by external action ; to 
give reverence to ; to profess fealty. 

HOM'AgE-A-BLE, a. Subject to homage.— Howell. 

HOM'A-eER, n. One who does homage, or holds land of 
another by homage. — Bacon. 

HOM'BERG'S PY-ROPH'O-RUS, n. An inflammable com- 
position, whose essential ingredient is sulphuret of potas- 
sium. 

HOME, n. [Sax. ham; G., D. Mm.] 1. A dwelling-house; 
the house or place in which one resides. 2. One's own 
country. 3. The place of constant residence ; the seat ; 
as, the home of war. — Prior. 4. The grave ; death ; or a 
future state. 5. The pre^jnt state of existence. — At home, 
at one's own house or lodgings. — To be at home, to be con- 
versant with what is familiar. — Syn. Abode ; residence ; 
dwelling ; habitation. 

HoME, a. 1. Pertaining to one's dwelling or country ; do- 
mestic ; as, home manufactures. 2. Close ; severe ; poig- 
nant ; as, a home thrust. 

HOME, adv. [This is merely elliptical ; to being omitted.] 
1. To one's own habitation ; as, go home. 2. To one's own 
country. — Home is opposed to abroad, or in a foreign coun- 
try. 3. Close ; closely ; to the point ; as, to come home to 
one. 

HOME'-BOUND. See Homeward-bound. 

HoME'BORN, a. 1. Native ; natural.— Donne. 2. Domes- 
tic ; not foreign. — Pope. 

HOME'BRED, a. 1. Native ; natural. 2. Domestic ; orig- 
inating at home ; not foreign. 3. Plain ; rude ; artless ; 
uncultivated ; not polished by travel. 

HOME'BUiLT (-bilt), a. Built in our own country.— Jejer- 
son. 

HoME'DRIV-JSN, a. Driven home, as a blow; driven 
closely. 

HOME'DWELL-ING, a. Dwelling at home. 

HoME'FELT, a. Felt in one's own breast ; inward ; pri- 
vate. — Milton. 

HOME'KEEP-ING, a. Staying at home ; not gadding. — Shak. 

HoME'LESS, a. Destitute of a home. 

HOME'LI-LY, adv. Rudely ; inelegantly. 

HoME'LI-NESS, n. 1. Plainness of features ; want of beau- 
ty. 2. Rudeness ; coarseness. — Addison. 

HOME'LOT, n. An inclosure on or near which the man- 
sion-house stands. 

HOME'LY, a. Originally, belonging to home ; domestic ; 
hence, 1. Of plain features ; not handsome. 2. Plain ; like 
that which is made for common, domestic use ; rude ; 
Coarse ; not fine or elegant. 

HOME'LY, adv. Plainly ; rudely ; coarsely. [Little used.] 

HOME'LYN, n. A species offish. 

HOME'MXDE, a. Made at home ; being of domestic man- 
ufacture. — Locke. 

HO-ME-O-PATH'IC, a. Pertaining to homeopathy. 

HO-ME-O-PATH'IC, a. Pertaining or belonging to homeop- 
athy. 

HO-ME-O-PATH'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the method of homeop- 
athy. 

HO-ME-OPATH-IST, n. A believer in homeopathy. 

HO-ME-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. bj.ioin-rraOeia ; bpoios, like, and 
■xaOos, affection.] The theoiy of curing diseases with very 
minute doses of medicine, by producing affections similar 
to those of the disease. — Med. and Surg. Journal. 

HO'MER, } n. A Hebrew measure, containing, as a liquid 

CHo'MER, > measure, ten baths, and as a dry measure, ten 
ephahs. — Gcseniut. 

HO-MERTG, a. Pertaining to Homer, or to his poetry ; re- 
sembling Homer's verse. 

HOME'SICK, a. Depressed in spirits, or grieved at a sep- 
aration from home. 

HOME'SI€K-NESS, n. In medicine, nostalgia, grief, or de- 
pression of spirits occasioned by a separation from one's 
home orcountry. 

H5ME'SPeAK-ING, n. Forcible and efficacious speaking. — 

Milton. 
HOME'SPUN, a. 1. Spun or wrought at home ; of domestic 
manufacture. 2. Not made in foreign countries. 3. Plain ; 
coarse ; rude ; homely ; not elegant, as a proverb. 
HoME'SPUN, n. 1. Cloth made at home. 2. A coarse, un- 
polished, rustic person.— Shak. 
HoME'STALL, > n. 1. The place of a mansion-house ; the 
HoME'STeAD, 5 inclosure or ground immediately con- 
nected with the mansion. 2. Native seat ; original station 
or place of residence. [Homestall is but rarely used in the 
United States.] 
HoME'WARD, adv. Toward home ; toward one's habita- 
tion or country. 
HOMEWARD-BOUND, a. Bound or directing the course 

homeward, or to one's native land. 
HOM'I-Cl-DAL, a. [from homicide.] Pertaining to homi- 
cide ; murderous ; bloody. 



HOMI-ClDE, n. ("Fr., from L. homicidium.] 1. The killing 
of one man or human being by another. Homicide is of 
three kinds, justifiable, excusable, and felonious. 2. A per- 
son who kills another ; a manslayer. 

HOM-I-LETTC, > a. [Gr. buiXT,riKo S .] 1. Pertaining to 

HOM-I-LETTC-AL, $ homoletics. 2. Social ; [rare.] 

HOM-I-LET'ICS, n. The science which teaches the princi- 
ples of adapting the discourses of the pulpit to the spirit- 
ual benefit of the hearers. — E. T. Fitch. 

HOM'I-LIST, n. One who preaches to a congregation. 

HOM'I-LY, n. [Fr. homelie.] A sermon. The book of homilies, 
in the English Church, is a collection of plain sermons, pr - 
pared at the time of the Reformation to be preached by 
those of the infeiior clergy who were not qualified to com 
pose discourses themselves. 

HOM'I -N Y, n. [Indian.] In America, maize hulled, or hulled 
and broken, but coarse, prepared for food by being mixed 
with water and boiled. 

HOM'MOCK, 7(. A hillock or small eminence of a conies' 

„l??r}l!L ometimQS covered with trees.— Bartram. 

HOM'MO-NY. See Hominy. 

HOM-O-CEN'TRIC, a. [Gr. buo< and kcvtoov.] Having the 
same center. 

HO-MOG'A-MOUS, a. [Gr. buog and y„> 0? .] In botany, hav- 
ing the same essential parts of fructification 

HO-MO-GE'tfE-AL, 7 a. [Fr. homogent; Gr. buoyewsA Of 

HO-MO-GE'NE-OUS, 5 the same kind or nature ; consisting 
of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature 

HO-MO-GE'NE-AL-NESS, 7 Words not to be encouraged ; 

HO-MO-GE-Ne'1-TY. 5 equivalent to 

HO-MO-GE'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Sameness of Mnd or nature, 

* HO-MOG'E-NY, n. Joint nature.— Bacon. 

HO-MOI-OP'TO-TON, n. [Gr. bptoioi, like, and rrrwro?, fait 
ing.] A figure in rhetoric in which several parts of the 
sentence end with the same case or a tense of like sound. 

HO-MOI-OU'SI-AN, n. or a. [Gr. b/ioiovoioS-] In Church his- 
tory, a term applied to the Arians, who held that the Son 
was like theFather in essence, but not the same. 

HO-MOL'O-GaTE, v. t. [It. omologare.] To approve , to a] 
low. — Wheaton's Rep. 

HO-MO-LOG'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to homology. 

HO-MOL'O-GOUS, a. [Gr. b^os and \oyoS-] Having the 
same ratio or proportion ; applied to those sides of simi- 
lar geometrical figures which are opposite to equal and 
corresponding angles ; also, to the two antecedents or twe 
consequents of a proportion. 

HO-MQL'O-gY, n. Affinity depending on structure, and not 
on similarity of form or use. — Dana. 

HOM'O-NYM, n. [Gr. biioS and ovojxa.] A term applied to 
words which are the same in sound, but differ in significa- 
tion, as the noun bear, and the verb to bear. — Brande. 

HO-MON'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. ^wvi^os.] Equivocal ; ambig 
uous ; that has different significations. 

HO-MONT-MOUS-LY, adv. In an equivocal manner. 

HO-MON'Y-MY, n. [Gr. b/xwyv/jiia.] Sameness between words 
which differ in signification ; ambiguity. 

HO-MO-OU'SI-AN, n. or a. [Gr. huoovoios.] In Church his- 
tory, a term applied in the fourth century to those who 
held that the Son had the same essence with the Father ; 
opposed to homoiousian. 

HOM'O-PHONE, 71. [Gr. fyo ? and <pww] A term applied t« 
letters or characters which represent the same sound. 

HO-MOPH'O-NOUS, a. Having the same sound. 

HO-MOPH'O-NY, n. Sameness of sound. 

HO-MOT'O-NOUS, a. [Gr. bfios and tovos.] Equable ; of the 
same tenor; [applied to diseases.] — Quincy. 

HO-MOTTtO-PAL, a. [Gr. fyxoj and rpoKv.] In botany, a 
term applied to bodies denoting that they have the same 
direction as the body to which they belong. 

HONE, n. [Sw. hen.] A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp- 
ening instruments. 

HoNE, v. t. To rub and sharpen on a hone. * 

t HoNE, v. i. To pine ; to long. [qu. W. luiwn.] 

HONE'-WORT, n. An umbelliferous plant, of the genua 
sison. 

HON.ED, pp. Sharpened on a hone. 

HON'EST (on'est), a. [Fr. honnete.] 1. Fair in dealing with 
others ; disposed to act with fairness. 2. Fair ; free from 
fraud. 3. Unreserved ; according to truth, as a statement. 
4. Proceeding from pure or just principles, or directed to 
a good object. 5. Fair ; good ; unimpeached, as charac- 
ter. 6. Decent; honorable, or suitable; as, things honest 
in the sight of all. 7. Chaste ; faithful.— Shak. [With ref 
erence to this last sense, a man who marries his concu 
bine is still said to make an honest woman of her. Smart.] 
— Syn. Upright; trusty; faithful; equitable; just; right 
ful ; sincere ; frank ; candid. 

t HON'EST (on'est), v. t. To adorn ; to grace.— Sandys. 

t HON-ES-Ta'TION, n. Adornment ; grace. 

HON'EST-LY (on'est-ly), adv. 1. With integrity and fair 
ness. 2. With frank sincerity ; without fraud or disguise , 
according to truth. 3. By upright means ; with upright 
conduct. 4. Chastely ; with conjugal loyalty and fidelity 



' Ser. Synopsis. I. E, I, &c, long.— X, E, 1, &c, short.— F XR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— M ARZNE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



HON 



499 



HOO 



Syn. Justly ; fairly ; equitably ; faithfully ; truly ; up- 
rightly: sincerely; frankly. 
HON'ES-TY (on'es-ty), n. [Fr. honnetete; L. konestas.] 1. 
In principle, an upright disposition ; moral rectitude of 
heart. — In action, conformity to justice and correct prin- 
ciples, in all social transactions. 2. Conformity in state- 
ment to fact ; truth, as in a historian. 3. Frank sincerity. 
— Shah. 4. A flowering herb of the genus lunaria. — Syn. 
Integrity ; probity ; uprightness ; trustiness ; faithfulness ; 
honor ; justice ; equity ; fairness ; candor ; plain dealing ; 
veracity. 
H6N'EY (hun'e), n. [Sax. hunig.] 1. A sweet juice, col- 
lected by bees from the flowers of plants. 2. Sweetness ; 
lusciousness. 3. A word of tenderness ; sweetness ; sweet 
one. Sometimes used adjectively ; as, the music of her 
honey vows. — Shak. 
HoN'EY, v. i. To talk fondly. [Rare.] 
H6N'EY, v. t. To sweeten. 
H6N'EY-BAG, n. The receptacle for honey in a honey-bee. 

— Grew. 
H6N'EY-€oMB (-kome), n. 1. A substance formed by bees 
into cells for repositories of honey. — 2. Figuratively, a 
casting of iron or other metal, which has little cells like a 
honey-comb. — Hebert. 
H6N'EY-€oMB£D, a. Having little flaws or cells. 
H6N'EY-DEW -(du), n. A saccharine substance, found on 

the leaves of trees and other plants. 
H6N'EY-FLOW-ER, n. An evergreen shrub from the Cape 

of Good Hope, whose blossoms attract bees. 
HoN'EY-GNAT (-nat), n. An insect— Ainsworth. 
H6N'EY-GUlDE (-gide), n. A species of cuckoo in Africa, 
which, by its motions and cries, points out the nests of 
bees. — P. Oyc. 
H6N'EY-HaR'VEST, n. Honey collected.— Dryden. 
H6N'EY-Lo'€UST, n. A North American tree, armed with 

thorns, and having wood resembling that of the locust. 
H6N'EY-MOON. \n. The first month after marriage.— 
H6NEY-M6NTH, 5 Addison. 
H6N'EY-MOUTH£D, a. Soft or smooth in speech. 
H6N'EY-STALK (-stawk), n. Clover-flower.— Mason. 
H6N'EY-SToNE. See Mellite. 

H6N'EY-SU€K'LE (hun'e-sukl), n. A name of certain 
6hrubby vines, including the woodbine, celebrated for the 
beauty and fragrance of their flowers. 
Hl>N'EY-SU€K-L.ED, a. Covered with honey- suckles. 
H6N'EY-SWEET. a. Sweet as honey.— Chaucer. 
H6N'EY-T6NGU£D (-tungd), a. Using soft speech.— Shak. 
HON'EY-WoRT. n. A European plant with flowers very 

attractive to bees. 
HdN'EYED (hun'id), a. 1. Covered with honey. 2. Sweet. 
H6N'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of honey.— Shak. 
HONG, n. The Chinese name for large factories at Canton, 
where each nation has a separate hong. Hence, a hong 
merchant is a Chinese who is authorized to trade with 
these hongs. — Buchanan. 
H6NTED (hun'id). See Honeyed. 
HONI SOIT QUI UAL Y PENSE. [Fr.] Shame be to 

him that evil thinks. 
HON'OR (on'ur), n. [L. ho?wr, honos; Fr. honneur; Sp. 
honor.] 1. The esteem due or paid to worth ; high esti- 
mation or praise. 2. A testimony of esteem ; any expres- 
sion of respect or of high estimation by words or actions. 
3. Dignity ; exalted rank or place ; distinction ; fame. 4. 
Reverence ; veneration. 5. Reputation ; good name. 6. 
True nobleness of mind ; magnanimity. 7. An assumed 
appearance of nobleness ; scorn of meanness, springing 
from the fear of reproach, without regard to principle. 8. 
Any particular virtue much valued ; as bravery in men, 
and chastity in females. — Skak. 9. Dignity of mien ; noble 
appearance. — Milton. 10. That which honors ; he or that 
which confers dignity ; as, he is an honor to his country. 
11. Privileges of rank or birth ; [in the plural] 12. Civil- 
ities paid ; as, to do the honors. 13. That which adorns ; 
ornament ; decoration j as, " the honors of his head." — 
Dryden. 14. A noble kind of seignory or lordship, held of 
the king in capite. — Honors, in games, the four highest 
cards. — Honors of war, distinctions granted to a vanqufshed 
enemy, as of marching out from a camp or entrenchments 
with all the insignia of military etiquette. Also, the com- 
pliments paid to great personages when they appear be- 
fore an armed body of men ; likewise, such as are paid to 
the remains of a deceased officer. Encyc. Am. — On or 
upon my honor, words accompanying a declaration which 
pledge one's honor or reputation for the truth of it. — 
Laws of honor, certain rules and regulations, which pre- 
rail in fashionable society, requiring the strictest attention 
to outward conduct, and yet allowing the most flagrant 
breaches of moral rectitude. 
SON'OR (on'ur), v. t. [L. honoro ; Fr. honorer.] 1. To re- 
vere ; to respect ; to venerate ; to treat with deference 
and submission, and perform relative duties to. 2. To 
reverence ; to manifest the highest veneration for. in words 
and actions ; to entertain the most exalted thoughts of; to 



worship ; to adore. 3. To dignify ; to raise to distinction 
or notice ; to elevate in rank or station ; to exalt. 4. To 
glorify ; to render illustrious. 5. To treat with due civili- 
ty and respect in the ordinary intercourse of life.—- 6. In 
commerce, to accept and pay when due, as a draft. 
HON'OR-A BLE, a. [L. honor abilis ; Fr. honorable.] I. Hold- 
ing a distinguished rank in society ; illustrious or l jble. 
2. Possessing a high mind ; actuated by principles of hon 
or. 3. Conferring honor, or procured by noble deeds. 4. 
Consistent with honor or reputation. 5. Respected ; wor- 
thy of respect ; regarded with esteem. 6. Performed or 
accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies oi 
esteem. 7. Proceeding from an upright and laudabk- 
cause, or directed to a just and proper end : not base ; not 
reproachful. 8. Not to be disgraced.— Shak. 9. Honest ; 
without hypocrisy or deceit ; fair. 10. An epithet of re- 
spect or distinction; as, the honorable senator. 11. Be 
coming men of rank and character. 
HON'OR-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being honorable ; 
eminence ; distinction. 2. Conformity to the principles 
of honor, probity, or moral rectitude ; fairness. 
HON'OR-A-BLY, adv. 1. With tokens of honor or respect. 
2. With a noble spirit or purpose. 3. Without reproach. 
— Syn. Magnanimously ; generously ; nobly ; worthily ; 
justly ; equitably ; fairly ; reputably. 
HON-OR-a'RI-UM, in. A term applied in Europe to the 
HON'OR-A-RY, 5 recompense offered to professors in 
universities, and to medical or other professional gentle- 
men for their services. It is equivalent to fee, with the 
additional idea of being given honoris causa, as a token of 
respect. — Brande. 
HON'OR-A-RY, a. 1. Conferring honor, or intended merely 
to confer honor. 2. Possessing a title or place without 
performing services or receiving a reward. 
HON'ORiSD (on'urd), pp. or a. Respected ; revered ; rev- 
erenced ; elevated to rank or office ; dignified ; exalted 
glorified; accepted. 
HON'OR-ER, n. 1. One who honors ; one who reveres, 
reverences, or regards with respect. 2. One who exalts, 
or who confei-s honors. 
HON'OR-ING, ppr. Respecting highly; reverencing; ex- 
alting ; dignifying ; conferring marks of esteem ; accepting 
and paying. 
HON'OR-ING (on'ur-ins), n. The act of giving honor. 
HON'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of honor ; not honored. 
HOOD, in composition, [Sax. had, hade, G. heit, D. heid, Sw. 
hit, Dan. hed,] as in manhood, childhood, denotes state or 
fixedness ; hence quality or character, from some root sig- 
nifying to set, [Sax. hadian, to ordain.] It is equivalent to 
the termination ness in English, and tas in Latin ; as, good 
ness, [G. gutheit ;] brotherhood, [L. fraternitas.] 
HOOD, n. [Sax. hod.] 1. A covering for the head used by 
females. 2. A covering for the head and shoulders used 
by monks ; a cowl. 3. A covering for a hawk's head or 
eyes, used in falconry. 4. Any thing to be drawn over 
the head to cover it. 5. An ornamental fold that hangs 
down the back of a graduate to mark his degree. 6. A low 
wooden porch over the ladder which leads to the steerage 
of a ship ; the upper part of a galley-chimney ; the cover 
of a pump. 
HOOD, v. t. 1. To dress in a hood or cowl ; to put on q 
hood. 2. To cover ; to blind, as one's eyes. 3. To cover, 
as flames.— Dryden. 
HOOD'-WINK, v. t. 1. To blind by covering the eyes. 2. 
To cover ; to hide. — Shak. 3. To deceive by external ap- 
pearances or disguise ; to impose on. 
HOOD'-WINK£D"(-winkt),^p. Blinded; deceived. 
HOOD'-WINK-ING, ppr. Blinding the eyes ; covering ; hid- 
ing; deceiving. 
HOOD'ED. pp. or a. Covered with a hood ; blinded. 
HOODING, ppr. Covering with a hood. 
HOOD'LESS, a._ Having no hood. 
HOOD'MAN BLIND, n. ■ A play, in which a person blinded 

is to catch another and tell his name ; blind-man's buff. 
HOOF, n. [Sax. /to/.] 1. The horny substance that covers 
or terminates the feet of certain animals, as the horse, &c 
2. An animal; a beast.— Washington. 
HOOF, u. ?'. To walk, as cattle.— Wm. Scott. [Little used.] 
HOOF'-BOUND, a. A horse is said to be hoof-bound when 
he has a pain in the fore feet, occasioned by the dryness 
and contraction of the horn of the quarters, which strait- 
ens the quarters of the heels, and often makes him lame 
—Far. Diet. 
HOOF'-TReAD, n. The tread of a hoof; a track. 
HOOFED (hooft). a. Furnished with hoofs. — Grew. 
HOOF'LESS, a. Destitute of hoofs. 

HOOK, n. [Sax. hoc] 1. A piece of iron or other metal 
bent into a curve for catching, holding, and sustaining any 
thing. 2. A snare ; a trap.— Shak. 3. [W. hoc, a scythe.] 
A curved instrunaent for cutting grass or grain ; a sickle. 
4. That part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a 
post. Hence, to be off the hooks, is the same as to be off 
the hinges, or in disorder — Swift. 5. A forked timber ia 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



HOP 



500 



HOR 



a ship, placed on the keel. 6. A catch ; an advantage ; [a 
vulgarism.] — 7. In husbandry, a field sown two years run- 
ning. — Ainsworth ; [local.] — By hook and by crook, one way 
or other ; by any means, direct or indirect. — Dry den. 

IOOK, v. t. 1. To catch with a hook. 2. To seize and 
draw, as with a hook. 3. To fasten with a hook. 4. To 
entrap ; to insnare. 5. To draw by force or artifice. 

HOOK, v. i. To bend ; to be curving. 

HOOK'-NoSJED (-nozd), a. Having a curvated or aquiline 
nose. — Shak. 

HOOK' AH, n. A Turkish pipe, in which the smoke is made 
to pass through water, for the sake of being cooled. 

HOOKED (hook'ed or hookt), a. 1. Bent into the form of 
a hook ; curvated. 2. Bent ; curvated ; aquiline. 

HOOKED, pp. Caught with a hook ; fastened with a hook. 

HQOK'ED-NESS, n. A state of being bent like a hook. 

HOOKING, ppr. Catching with a hook ; fastening with a 
hook. 

HOOK'Y, a. Full of hooks , pertaining to hooks 

HOQP, n. [D. hoep, hoepel] 1. A band of woo.i or metal 
used to confine the staves of casks, tubs, &c, or for other 
similar purposes. 2. A piece of whalebone in the form 
of a circle or ellipsis, used formerly by females to extend 
their petticoats ; a farthingale. 3. Something resembling 
a hoop ; a ring ; any thing circular. 

HOOP, v. t. 1. To bind or fasten with hoops. 2. To clasp ; 
to' encircle; to surround. — Shak. 

HOOP'-PoLE, n. A small, young tree, cut for making hoops. 

HOOP, v. i. [Sax. heajian, heofian.] To shout; to utter a 
loud cry, or a particular sound by way of call or pursuit. 

HOOP, v. t. 1. To drive with a shout or outcry.— Shak. 
2. To call by a 6hout or hoop. 

HOOP, n. [Sw. hof.] 1. A shout; also, a measure, equal 
to a peck. 2. The hoopoe. 

HOOPED (hc-opt), pp. Fastened with hoops. 

HOOP'ER, n. One who hoops casks or tubs ; a cooper. 

HOOPING, ppr. Fastening with hoops. 

HOOPING, ppr. Crying out ; shouting. 

HOOP'ING-COUGH (-kawf), n. A cough in which the pa- 
tient hoops or whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath. 

HOOP'OO \ n ' t Fr - ku PP e -] A Dird °f the genus upupa. 

HOO'SIER (hoo'zhur), n. A term applied to the citizens of 
the State of Indiana. [ United States.] 

HOOT, v. i. [W. hwd, or hwt.] 1. To cry out or shout in 
contempt. 2. To cry, as an owl.— Dry den. 

HOOT, v. t. To drive with cries or shouts uttered in con- 
tempt. — Swift. 

HOOT, n. A cry or shout in contempt. — Glanville. 

HOOT'ED, pp. Driven with shouts of contempt. 

HOOT'ING, ppr. Shouting in contempt 

HOOTING, n. 1. A shouting in contempt. 2. The cry of 
an owl. 

HOOVE, 7 n. A disease in cattle, consisting in an excess- 

HOOV'2?N, 5 ive inflation of the stomach by gas, ordina- 
rily occasioned by eating too much green food. — Gardner. 

HOP, v. i. [Sax. hoppan.] 1. To leap or spring on one leg. 

2. To leap ; to spring forward by leaps ; to skip, as birds. 

3. To walk lame ; to limp ; to halt. [We generally use 
hobble.] 4. To move by leaps or starts, as the blood in 
the veins ; [obs.] 5. To spring ; to leap ; to frisk about. 
6. To dance. 

HOP, n. 1. A leap on one leg ; a leap ; a jump ; a spring. 
2. A dance; [colloquial.] — Hop-o'-my-thumb, a very dimin- 
utive person. — Grose ; [vulgar.] 

HOP, n. [D. hop.] A bitter plant, much used in brewing. 

HOP, v. t. To impregnate with hops. — Mortimer. 

HOP-BIND, n. The stalk or vine on which hops grow. 

HOP'-oAST, n. In Kent, a kiln for drying hops 

HOP'-PICK-ER, n. One who picks hops. 

HOP'-PoLE, n. A pole used to support hops. 

HOP-VINE, n. The stalk of hops. 

HOP'-YaRD, \ n. A field or inclosure where hops are 

HOP'-GaR-D.EN, 5 raised. 

H5PE, n. [Sax. hopa.] 1. A desire of some good, accom- 
panied with at least a slight expectation of obtaining it, or 
a belief that it is obtainable. Hope diners from wish and 
desire in this, that it implies some expectation of obtaining 
the good desired, or the possibility of possessing it. Hope, 
therefore, always gives pleasure or joy ; whereas wish and 
desire may produce or be accompanied with pain and 
anxiety. 2. Confidence in a future event ; the highest de- 
gree of well-founded expectation of good ; anticipation ; 
trust. 3. That which gives hope ; he or that which fur- 
nishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good. 

4. An opinion or belief not amounting to certainty, but 
grounded on substantial evidence. 

HoPE, v. i. [Sax. hopian.] 1. To cherish a desire of good, 
with some expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is 
obtainable. 2. To place confidence in ; to trust in with 
confident expectation of good. 

HoPE, v. t. To desire with expectation of good, or a belief 
that it may be obtained. 



HoPE, n. A sloping plain between ridges of mountains. 
HoPE'-DE-SERT'ED, a. Deserted by hope ; hopeless. 
HoPE D (hopt), pp. Desired with expectation. 
HoPE'FUL, a. 1. Having qualities which excite hope 
promising or giving ground to expect good or success 

2. Full of hope or desire, with expectation. — Boyle. 
HoPE'FU L-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to raise hope ; in a 

way promising good. 2. In a manner to produce a favor 
able opinion respecting some good at the present time 

3. With hope ; with ground to expect. 
HoPE'FUL-NESS, n. Promise of good ; ground to expect 

what is desirable. — Wotton. 

HoPE'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of hope ; having no expecta 
tion of that which is desirable. 2. Giving no ground of 
hope or expectation of good ; promising nothing desirable 
— Syn. Desponding; despairing; desperate. 

HoPE'LESS-LY, adv. Without hope.— Beaum. and Fl. 

HoPE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being desperate, or afford 
ing no hope. 

HoP'ER, n. One who hopes. — Shak. 

HoP'ING, ppr. 1. Having hope. 2. Confiding in. 

HoP'ING-LY, adv. With hope or desire of good. 

HOP'LlTE, n. [Gr. onXirris.] In ancient Greece, a heavy- 
armed soldier. — Mitford. 

HOPPjED (hopt), pp. 1. Leaped on one leg; danced. 2. 
Impregnated with hops. 

HOP'PER, n. 1. One who hops or leaps on one leg. 2. A 
wooden trough or funnel, through which grain passes into 
a mill, fuel into a furnace, &c. 3. A vessel in which seed- 
corn is carried for sowing. 

HOP'PER-BOY, n. In mills, a rake moving in a circle, to 
draw the meal over an opening through which it falls. 

HOP'PERS, n. A play, in which persons hop or leap on 
one leg ; hopscotch, which see. — Johnson. 

HOP'PING, ppr. 1. Leaping on one leg ; springing ; frisk 
ing ; dancing. 2. Impregnating with hops. 

HOP'PING, n. 1. A leaping on one leg ; a springing, frisk- 
ing, or dancing. 2. A gathering of hops. 

HOP'PLE, v. t. To tie the feet near together, to preven* 
leaping. 

HOP'PLES (-plz), n. pi. Fetters for horses or othe> arimal' 
when turned out to graze. — Brande. 

HOP'PO, ii. In China, a collector; an overseer of con? 
merce. — Malcom. 

HOP'SCOTCH, n. A play among boys. The word scotc, 
refers to lines which are scotched, or traced on tb» 
ground, over which the player can pass only by hoppinj 
—Toone. 

Ho'RAL, a. [L. hora.] Relating to an hour. 

t Ho'RAL-LY, adv. Hourly. 

Ho'RA-RY, a. [L. horarius.] 1. Pertaining to an hour ; not 
ing the hours. 2. Continuing an hour. 

HoRDE, n. [D. horde.] A company of wandering peoplt 
dwelling in tents or wagons, and migrating from place to 
place. 

HOR'DE-IN, n. A substance analogous to starch, found in 
barley. 

HoRE_'HOUND, n. [Sax. hara-hune.] See Hoakiiound. 

HO-Rl'ZON, it. [Gr. bpi^mv ; Fr. horizon ; Sp. horizonte.) 
1. A circle touching the earth at the place of the spectator 
and bounded by the line in which the earth and skiea 
seem to meet. This is called the sensible horizon. 2. The 
great circle which divides the earth into upper and lower 
hemispheres, and separates the visible heavens from the 
invisible. This is called the rational horizon. — Olmsted. 

HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the horizon, or relat- 
ing to it. 2. Parallel to the horizon : on a level. 3. Near 
the horizon. — Milton. 

HOR-I-ZON'TAL-LY, adv. In a direction parallel to the 
horizon ; on a level. 

HOR-I-ZON-TAL'I-TY, n. The state of being horizontal. 

HORN, n. [Sax., Ger., Sw., Dan. horn.] 1. A hard substance 
growing on the heads of certain animals, and particularly 
on cloven-footed quadrupeds, usually projecting to some 
length, and terminating in a point. Horns serve for weap- 
ons. 2. A wind instrument of music, made of horn ; a 
trumpet. — 3. In modern times, a wind instrument of music, 
made of metal. 4. An extremity of the moon, when it is 
waxing or waning, and forming a crescent. 5. The feeler 
or antenna of an insect. 6. The feeler of a snail, which 
may be withdrawn. Hence, to pull in the horns, to repress 
one's ardor. — Johnson. 7. A drinking-cup, horns being 
used anciently for cups. Hence, in vulgar language, to 
take a horn, to drink. 8. A winding stream. Drydcn. — 
9. Horns, in the plural, is used to characterize a cuckold 
— 10. In Scripture, horn is a symbol of strength or power. 

HORN, v. t. To cuckold. — Ben Jonson. 

HORN'-BLoW-ER, n. One who blows a horn. 

HORN'-BOQK, n. The first book of children, or that in 
which they learn their letters and rudiments ; so called 
from its cover of horn. [Now little used.] 

HORN'-BUG, n. A kind of beetle, of a dark mahogany col 
or. — Farm. Encyc. 






* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, t, 1, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5 VE, BOQK 



HOK 



501 



HOR 



HORN'-DIS-TEM'PER, n. A disease of cattle, affecting the 
internal substance of the horn. — Encyc. 

HORN'-LeAD, n. Chlorid of lead. 

HORN'-MAD, a. Mad from cuckoldom.— Shak. 

HORN'-MaK'ER, n. A maker of cuckolds.— Shde. 

HORN'-MER'€U-RY, n. Chlorid of mercury. 

HORN-OWL, n. A species of horned owl. — Johnson. 

HORN'-SHaV-INGS, n. pi. Scrapings or raspings of the 
horns of deer. — Ben Jonson. 

HORN'-SIL-VER, n. Chlorid of silver. 

HORN'-SLaTE, n. A grav, silicious stone. — Kirwan. 

HORN'-SPOON, n. A spoon made of horn. 

HORN-W6RK, n. In fortification, an outwork, composed 
of two demi-bastions joined by a curtain. 

HORN'BeAK, n. A fish. See Hornfish. 

HORN'BeAM, n. A shrub, or small tree, of the genus car- 
pmus, whose wood is of a horny toughness and hardness. 

HORN'BILL, n. A voracious bird of Africa and the East, 
having a large bill surmounted with a helmet-like protu- 
berance. 

HORN'BLENDE, n. [Ger. horn and blende.] A common 
mineral, consisting of sihca with magnesia, lime, or iron, 
occurring massive or in prismatic crystals, and of various 
colors, from white through green shades to black. The 
crystals are generally very long and slender, often mere 
fibres. — Dana. 

HORN'BLENDE-ScHIST (-shist), n. Hornblende rock of 
a schistose structure. — Dana. 

HORN-BLEND'IC, a. Pertaining to or composed of horn- 
blende. 

HORNED, a. 1. Furnished with horns. 2. Shaped like a 
crescent or the new moon. — Milton. 

HORNED'-HORSE, n. The gnu. which see. 

HORN'ED-NESS, n. The appearance of horns. 

HORN'ER, n. 1. One who works or deals in horns. — Grew. 
2. One who winds or blows the horn. — Slierwood. 

IIORN'ET, n. [Sax. hyrnett, hyrnete.] An insect, much larger 
and stronger than the wasp, and whose sting gives severe 
pain. 

HORN'FISH, n. The garfish or sea-needle.— Encyc. 

HORN 'FOOT a. Having a hoof; hoofed.— Hakewill. 

HORN'1-FY, v. t. To bestow horns upon. — Beaum. and Fl. 
[Not used, or vulgar.] 

HORNING, n. 1. Appearance of the moon when increas- 
ing, or in the form of a crescent. Gregory. — 2. In Scottish 
law, letters of horning are a process against a debtor, requir- 
ing the debt to be paid within a limited time, in default of 
which the debtor incurs a charge of rebellion. — Walter 
Scott. — Brande. 

HORN1SH, a. Somewhat like horn ; hard.— Sandys. 

HORN1-TO, n. [L.fornare, Sp. horno.] An oven. 
iORN'LESS, a. Having no horns. — Journ. of Science. 
IORN'PiPE, n. 1. An instrument of music in Wales. 2. A 
lively air or tune, of triple time, with six crotchets in a 
bar. 3. A characteristic British dance. 

HORN'SToNE, n. A silicious stone of the quartz kind. 

HORN'WRACK (-rak), n. A species of coralline. 

HORNT, a. 1. Consisting of horn or horns. 2. Resem- 
bling horn. 3. Hard ; callous. 

HO-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. <!)pa and ypa<pn.] 1. An account 
of hours. 2. The art of constructing dials. — Cyc. 

HOR'0-L06E, «. [Fr. horloge.] An instrument that indi- 
cates the hour of the day. [Rare.] 

HOR-O-LOd'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to the horologe, or to 
horology. 

HOR-O-LO-61-OG'RA-PHER, n. A maker of clocks or 
dials. 

HOR-O-LO-GI-O-GRAPH'IC, a. Pertaining to the art of 
dialing. — Chambers. 

HOR-O-LO-GI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. &p a , \oyos, and ypacpv] 
An account of instruments that show the hour of the day ; 
also, of the art of constructing dials. 

* HO-ROL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. <bpo\oysu.] That branch of mathe- 
matics which treats of the principles and construction of 
machines for measuring and indicating portions of time. 
HOR-O-MET'RIC-AL, a. Belonging to horometry .—Asiatic 

Researches. 
HO-ROM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. ctya and uerpov.] The art or prac- 
tice of measuring time. 
HOR'O-SCOPE, 7i. [Fr. ; Gr. upocKoTroS.] 1. In astrology, a 
scheme or figure of the twelve houses, or twelve signs of 
the zodiac, in which is marked the disposition of the heav- 
ens at a given time, and by which astrologers formerly 
told the fortunes of persons, according to the position of 
the stars at the time of their birth. 2. The degree or 

Eoint of the heavens arising above the eastern point of the 
orizon at any given time when a prediction is to be made 
of a future event. 
KO-ROS'CO-PY, 7i. The art or practice of predicting future 

events by the disposition of thr stars. 
HOR'RENT, a. [L. horrens.] Bristled; standing erect, as 

bristles ; pointing outward. — Milton. 
SOR'Ri-BLE, a. [L borribilis.] Exciting or tending to ex- 



cite horror.— Svn. Dreadful ; frightful ; fearful ; tenible 
awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid. 

HOR'RI-BLE-NESS, n. The state or qualities that mf y ex- 
cite horror ; dreadfulness ; terribleness ; hideousness. 

HOR'RI-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite horror. 

HORRID, a. [L. horridus. See Horkor.] 1. That does or 
may excite horror. 2. Rough : rugged. — Dry den. 3. Very 
offensive or disgusting; [colloquial.] — Syn. Frightful; 
hideous ; alarming ; shocking ; dreadful ; awful ; terrific ; 
terrible ; horrible. 

HOR'RID-LY, adv. In a manner to excite horror ; dread- 
fully; shockingly. 

HOR'RID-NESS, n. The qualities that do or may excite 
horror; hideousness; enormity. — Hammond. 

HOR-RIF'l€, a. [L. horrifievs ] Causing horror. 

HOR'RI-FlE D, pp. or a. Made horrible ; struck with horror. 

HOR'RI-FY, v. t. [L. horror and facio.] To make horrible ; 
to strike with horror. — E. Irving. 

HOR-RIP-I-L a'TION, n. A bristling of the hair of the head 
or body, resulting from disease or terror. 

HOR-RIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. horrisonus.] Sounding dreadful- 
ly ; uttering a terrible sound. 

HORROR, n. [L.] 1. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, 
as in the cold fit which precedes a fever. 2. An excessive 
degree of fear, or a painful emotion which makes a person 
tremble ; terror ; a shuddering with fear ; terror, accom- 
panied with hatred. 3. That which may excite horror or 
dread ; gloom ; dreariness. — Pope. 4. Dreadful thoughts. 

5. Distressing scenes. — The horrors, a result of habits of 
inebriation ; a state of extreme bodily and mental agita- 
tion, occasioned by a withdrawment of the customary 
stimulus. 

HOR'ROR-STRICK'EN, a. Struck with horror. 

HORS DE €OM-BaT' (hor'de kom-ba'). [Fr.] Out of the 
combat ; disabled to fight. 

HORSE (hors), n. [Sax. bars.] 1. A species of quadrupeds 
of the genus equus. The horse is a beautiful animal, and 
of great use for draught or conveyance on his back. 2. A 
constellation. 3. Cavalry ; a body of troops serving on 
horseback. 4. A machine by which something is sup- 
ported ; usually, a wooden frame with legs. 5. A wooden 
machine, on which soldiers ride by way of punishment. — 

6. In seamen's language, a foot-rope along a yard, to sup- 
port the sailors while they loose, reef, or furl the sails ; 
also, a rod or rope along which the edge or the corner of 
a sail traverses by means of hanks. — To take horse. 1. To 
set out to ride on horseback. 2. To be covered, as a mare. 

HORSE, v. t. 1. To mount on a horse. 2. To take or carry 

on the back. 3. To ride or sit on any thing astride. — Shak. 

4. To cover a mare, as the male. 
HORSE, v. i. To get on horseback. — Shelton. 
HORSE'-BeAN, n. A small bean, given to horses. 
HORSE'-BLOCK, n. A block or stage that assists persons 

in mounting and dismounting from a horse. 
HORSE'-BoAT, n. 1. A boat used in conveying horses over 

a river or other water. 2. A boat moved by horses. 
HORSE-BOY, 7i. A boy employed in dressing and tending 

horses ; a stable-boy. — Knolles. 
HORSE'-BREaK-ER, n. One whose employment is to 

break horses, or to teach them to draw or carry. 
HORSE'-CHEST'NUT, n. A large nut, the fruit of a species 

of (zsculus ; or the tree that produces it, a common shade 

tree. 
HORSE-CLOTH, n. A cloth to cover a horse. 
HORSE'-CoURS'ER, n. 1. One who runs horses, or keeps 

horses for the race. 2. A dealer in horses. 
HORSE-CRAB, n. A crustaceous fish. — Ainsworth. 
HORSE'-€u'€UM-BER, n. A large, green cucumber. 
HORSE'-DeAL-ER, n. One who buys and sells horses 
HORSE'-DRENCH, n. A dose of physic for a horse. 
HORSE'-DUNG, n. The dung of horses. 
HORSE'-EM-MET, n. A species of large ant. 
HORSE'-FaCED (-faste), a. Having a long, coarse fao« 
HORSE'-FLESH, n. The flesh of a horse.— Bacon 
HORSE'-FLY, n. A large fly that stings horses. 
HORSE'-GUaRDS, n. pi. A body of cavalry for guards. 
HORSE'-HaIR ti. The hair of horses. 
HORSE'-HoE (-ho), n. A hoe for cleaning a field by means 

of horses. 
HORSE'-JOCK-EY, n. A dealer in the purchase and sale 

of horses, 
t HORSE -KNaVE (-nave), n. A groom.— Chaucer. 
HORSE'-LaUGH (-laf), n. A loud, boisterous laugh. 
HORSE -LEECH, 74. 1. A large leech. 2. A farrier. 
HORSE'-LIT-TER, n. A carriage hung on poles, which are 

borne by and between two horses. — Milton. 
HORSE'-LoAD, n. A load for a horse. 
HORSE'-MaR-TEN, n. A kind of large bee. — Ainsworth 
HORSE'-MeAT, n. Food for horses , provender. 
HORSE'-MILL, n. A mill turned bv a horse. 
HORSE'-MIL'LI-NER, 77. [horse and milliner.] One who 

supplies ribbons or other decorations for horses. — Smart. 
HORSE'-MINT, n. A species of large mint 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS» -€ as K ; <J as J ; 8 as Z ; CHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HOb 



502 



HOT 



A stealer of horaes. 



HORSE'-MUS-CLE (-musl), n. A large muscle or shell-fish. 

HORSE'-PATH, n. A path for horses, as by canals. 

HORSE'-PLAY, n. Rough, rugged play.— Dryden. 
KORSE'-POND, n. A pond for watering horses. 

HORSE'-POW-ER, n. The power of a horse, or its equiv- 
alent, estimated by Mr. Watt as a power which will raise 
32,000 pounds avoirdupois one foot high per minute. — Ure. 

HORSE'-PURS'LANE, n. A tropical weed. 

HORSE'-RaCE, n. A race by horses ; a match of horses 
in running. 

HORSE'-RIC-ING, n. The practice or act of running 
horses. 

HORSE'-STeAL-ER 

HORSE'-THIeF, 

HORSE'-STe AL-ING, n. The stealing of a horse or horses. 

HORSE'-STING-ER, n. The dragon-ny. 

HORSE'-TaIL, n. 1. A plant of the genus equisetum, allied 
to the ferns. 2. A Turkish standard. The sultan has sev- 
en carried before him ; the grand-vizier, five ; and the pa- 
shaws three, two, or one, according to their rank. 

fORSE'-ToNGUE, n. A plant of the genus ruscus. 

HORSE'-VETCH, ? n. A plant of the genus hippo- 

HORSE'SHoE-VETCH, 5 crepis. 

HORSE'- WaY, in. A way or road in which horses may 

HORSE'-RoAD, $ travel. 

HORSE'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who rides on horseback. 

HORSE-W6RM, n. A worm that infests horses ; a bott. 

HORSE'BA€K (horsTaak), n. The state of being on a horse ; 
the posture of riding on a horse. 

HORSE'FOOT, n. A plant ; called, also, colfs-foot. 

HORSE'KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps or takes care of 
horses. 

HORSE'KNOPS (-nops), n. pi. Heads of knop-weed.— Grose. 

t HORSE'LY, a. Applied to a horse, as manly is to a man. 

HORSE'MAN, n. 1. A rider on horseback. 2. A man skilled 
in riding. 3. A soldier who serves on horseback. 

HORSE'MAN-SHIP, n. The act of riding, and of training 
and managing horses. — Pope. 

HORSE'MATCH, n. A bird.— Ainsworth. 

HORSE-RAD'ISH, n. A plant of the genus cochlear ia, a spe- 
cies of scurvy-grass, having a root of a pungent taste. 

HORSE'SHoE (-shu), n. 1. A shoe for horses, consisting 
of a plate of iron of a circular form. 2. Any thing shaped 
like a horse-shoe. 

HORSE'SHoE-HEAD (-shoo-hed), n. A disease of infants, 
in which the sutures of the skull are too open. 

HORSE'SHoE-ING, n. The act or employment of shoeing 
horses. 

HORSEWHIP, n. A whip for driving horses. 

HORSE'WHIP, v. t. To lash ; to strike with a horsewhip. 

HORSEWHIPPED (-hwipt), pp. Struck with a horse- 
whip. 

HORSEWHIP-PING, ppr. Lashing or beating with a horse- 
whip. 

HORSE'WHIP-PING, n. A striking with a horsewhip. 

HOR-TaTION, n. [L. hortatio.] The act of exhorting or 
giving advice ; exhortation ; advice intended to encour- 
aae. [Exhortation is more common.] 

HORTATIVE, a. Giving exhortation ; advisory. 

HORTA-Tl VE, n. Exhortation ; a precept given to incite 
or encourage. — Bacon. 

HOR'TA-TO-RY, a. Gtving exhortation or advice, as a dis- 
course. — Syn. Inciting; encouraging; stimulating. 

V HOR-TEN'SIAL (-shal), a. [L. hortensis.} Fit for a garden. 

HOR'TI-€UL-TOR, n. [L. hortus and cultor.] One who cul- 
tivates a garden. 

HOR-TI-CUL'TEJR-AL, a. Pertaining to the culture of 
gardens. 

HORTICULTURE (-kult-yur), n. [L. hortus and cultura.] 
The art of cultivating gardens. 

HOR-TI-€ULTUR-IST, n. One who is skilled in the art of 
cultivating gardens. 

HORTU-LAN, a. [L. iortulanus.] Belonging to a garden. 

UOR'TUS SW£US, n. [L.] Literally, a dry garden ; an 
appellation given to a collection of specimens of plants, 
carefully dried and preserved. 

HORT'YaRD, n. An >rchard, which see. 

HO-SAN'NA, n. [Heb.J An exclamation of praise to God, 
or an invocation of blessings. 

HoSE, n.; pi. Hose (formerly Hosen). [Sax. hos; G. hose.] 
1 . Breeches or trowsers. — Shak. 2. Stockings ; coverings 
for the legs. 3. A flexible pipe, generally of leather, used 
with engines, for conveying water to extinguish fires, &c. 

Ho'SIER (ho'zhur), n. One who deals in stockings and 
socks, &c. 

Ho'SIER-Y (ho'zhur-y), n. Stockings in general ; socks. 

HOS'PICE, n. [Fr., from L. hospitium,] A term applied to 
convents in some of the passes of the Alps, for the enter- 
tainment of travelers. 

HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. [L. hospitalis.] 1. Receiving and enter- 
taining strangers with kindness and without reward ; 
kind to strangers and guests. 2. Proceeding from or in- 
dicating kindness to guests ; manifesting generosity. 3. 



J. 



An inn. — Chaucer. 



Inviting to strangers ; offering kind reception ; indicating 

hospitality. 
HOS'PI-TA-BLY, adv. With kindness to strangers or gue3ts ■ 

with generous and liberal entertainment. 
t HOS'PI-TAGE, n. Hospitality.— Spenser. 

* HOS'PI-TAL, n. [Fr. hupital] 1. A building appropriated 

for the reception of sick, infirm, and helpless paupers , 
also, a house for the reception of insane persons, or for 
seamen, soldiers, foundlings, infected persons, &c. 2. A 
place for shelter or entertainment ; [obs.] 

t HOS'PI-TAL, a. Hospitable.— Howell. 

HOS'PI-TAL-ER, n. Properly, one residing in a hospital foi 
the purpose of receiving the poor and strangers. The Hos 
pitalers were an order of knights who built a hospital at 
Jerusalem for pilgrims. They were called knights of St 
John, and are the same as the knights of Malta. 

HOS-PI-TAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. hospitalite.] The act or practice 
of receiving or entertaining strangers or guests. 

t HOS'PI-TITE, v. i. [L. hospitor.] To reside or lodge un 
der the roof of another. — Grew. 

t HOS'PI-TITE, v. t. To lodge a person. 

HOS'PO-DaR, n. A governor, appointed by the Turkish 
Porte over the Christian provinces of Moldavia and Wal- 
lachia. Since 1829. the appointment is for life. — Brande. 

HoST, n. [Fr. hdte, for hoste.] 1. One who entertains an- 
other at his own house without reward. 2. One who en- 
tertains another at his house for reward ; an inn-keeper f 
a landlord. 3. A guest ; one who is entertained at the 
house of another. — Encyc. 

HoST, n. [L. hostis.] 1. An army ; a number of men em- 
bodied for war. 2. Any great number or multitude. 

HoST, ?i. [L. hostia.] In the Roman Catholic Church, the 
sacrifice of the mass, or the consecrated wafer transub 
stantiated, as the Roman Catholics affirm, into the bod} 
and blood of Christ. 

HoST, v. i. To lodge at an inn ; to take up entertainment 
— Shak. [Little used.] 

t HoST, v. t. To give entertainment to. — Spenser. 

HOSTA6E, n. [Fr. otage.] A person delivered to an enemy 
or hostile power, as a pledge to secure the performance 
of conditions. 

t HOSTEL, 

f HOS'TEL-RY, 

t HOS'TEL-ER, n. An inn-keeper.— Booth. 

HoST'ESS, n. 1. A female host; a woman who entertains 
guests. 2. A woman who keeps an inn. 

HoST'ESS-SHIP, n. The character or business of a host 
ess. — Shak. 

HOS'TJE, n. [L. hostia.] The consecrated wafer. — Burnet. 

HOSTILE, a. [L. hostilis.] 1. Belonging to a public ene- 
my ; designating enmity, particularly public enmity, or a 
state of war. 2. Possessed by a public enemy ; as, a hos- 
tile country. — Kent. 3. Pertaining to or expressing private 
enmity or opposition ; as, hostile to sudden change. — Syn 
Warlike ; inimical ; unfriendly ; adverse ; opposite ; con 
trary; repugnant. 

HOSTiLE-LY, adv. In a hostile manner. 

HOS-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr hostilite ; L. hostilitas.] 1. The state 
of war between nations or states ; the actions of an open 
enemy ; attacks of an enemy. 2. Private enmity. — Syn. 
Animosity ; enmity ; opposition ; violence ; aggression. 

HOSTIL-lZE, v. t. To make an enemy. [Little used.] 

HoST'ING, n. 1. An encounter; a battle.— Milton ; [little 
used.] 2. A muster or review. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

* HOST'LER (hosier or osier), n. [Fr. hotelier.] The per- 

son who has the care of horses at an inn. 

tHoST'LESS, a. Inhospitable. 

HoST'RY, n. 1. A stable for horses. 2. A lodging-house. 

HOT, a. [Sax, hat.] 1. Having sensible heat; opposed to 
cold. Hot expresses more than warm. 2. Ardent in tem- 
per ; easily excited or exasperated. 3. Marked with vio- 
lence or fury ; as, a hot contest. 4. Marked with eager- 
ness or precipitancy ; as, a hot pursuit. 5. Lustful ; lewd. 
— Shak. 6. Acrid ; biting ; stimulating ; pungent in taste, 
as mustard. — Syn. Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; ea 
ger ; animated ; brisk ; vehement ; precipitate ; violent ; 
furious. 

f HOT, ~i 

tHoTE, > pp. Called; named. — Spenser. 

t Ho'TEN, ) 

HOT'-BED, n. 1. In gardening, a bed of earth and horse- 
dung, covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, 
or for nourishing exotic plants of warm climates. — 2. Fig- 
uratively, a place which favors rapid growth or develop- 
ment ; as, a hot-bed of sedition. 

HOT-BL60D-ED (-blud-), a. Having hot-blood ; high-spir- 
ited ; irritable. 

HOT'-BRaIN-ED, a. Ardent in temper ; violent ; rash ; pre- 
cipitate.— Dryden. 

HOT'-FLuE, n. A heated apartment where calicoes are 
dried after certain Operations. — Ure. 

HOT-HeAD-ED, a. Of ardent passions ; vehement ; vio- 
lent; rash.— Arbuthnot. 



' See Synopsis. A. E. I, &c, long.— X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



HOU 



503 



HOL 



HOT-HOUSE, n. 1. A house kept warm to shelter tender 
plants and shrubs from the cold air. 2. A bagnio, or place 
to sweat and cup in. — Shak. 3. A brothel. — Ben Jonson. 
HOT'-MOUTHED, a. Headstrong ; ungovernable. 
HOT-PRESSED (hof-prest), a. Pressed while heat is ap- 
plied for the purpose of giving a smooth and glossy sur- 
face. 
HOT'-PRESS-ING, n. The application of heat in conjunc- 
tion with mechanical pressure for the purpose of giving a 
smooth and glossy surface, as to paper, linen, &c. — Hcbcrt. 
HOT-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having a fiery spirit.-- Irving. 
HOT- WALL, n. In gardening, a wall with flues for con- 
ducting heat to secure or hasten the growth of fruit-trees. 
— Brands. 
HOTCHPOT, n. [Fr. hochepot.] 1. Properly, a mingled 
mass ; a mixture of ingredients. — 2. In law, a mixing of 
lands given by marriage with lands in fee falling by de- 
scent. — Brande. 
HOTCHPOTCH. See Hodgepodge, and Hotchpot No. 1. 
HOT'COCK-LjBS, n. pi. [qu. Fr. hautes coquilles.] A play 
in which one covers his eyes and guesses who strikes him. 
HO-TEL', n. [Fr. hdtel.] 1. A superior house for entertain- 
ing strangers or travelers. — 2. In France, a palace or dwell- 
ing of persons of rank or wealth. 
HO-TEL'DTEU (6-teVde-u r ). [Fr.] A hospital. 
HOTLY, adv. 1. With heat. 2. Ardently ; vehemently ; 

violently. 3. Lustfully. 
HOT'NESS, n. 1. Sensible heat beyond a moderate degree 

of warmth. 2. Violence ; vehemence ; fury. 
HOT'SPUR, n. 1. A man violent, passionate, heady, rash, or 

precipitate. 2. A kind of pea of early growth. 
HOTSPUR, a. Violent; impetuous. — Spenser. 
HOT'SPURRED, a. Vehement ; rash ; heady. 
HOTTEN-TOT, n. 1. One belonging to a South African 
tribe, formerly esteemed the most degraded of the human 
race. 2. A savage, brutal man. 
HOT'TEN-TOT-CHER'RY, n. A plant. 
HOU'DAH, n. A seat to be fixed on a camel's back. 
HOUGH (hok), n. [Sax. hoh.] 1. The lower part of the 

thigh ; the ham. 2. An adz ; a hoe ; [not in use.] 
HOUGH (hok), v. t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To cut with a 

hoe; [obs.] 
HOUGHED (hokt), pp. Hamstrung ; disabled by cutting 

the sinews of the ham. 
HOU'LET, n. An owl. See Howxet. 
HoULT. See Holt. 

HOUND, n. [Sax., Ger., Sw, Dan., Sect, hund.] A generic 
name of the dog ; but in English it is confined to a partic- 
ular breed used in the chase. 
HOUND, v.t. 1 . To set on the chase. 2. To hunt ; to chase. 
HOUND'-FISH, n. A fish of the shark family. 
HOUND'-TREE, n. A kind of tree.— Ainsworth. 
HOUNDS, n.pl. In seamen's language, the projecting parts of 

the head of a mast. — Mar. Diet. 
HOUND'S'-TONGUE (-tung), n. A succulent plant, com- 
mon on the roofs of European buildings. 
HoUP. See Hoopoo. 

HOUR (our), n. [L., Sp. hora; Fr. heure.] 1. A space of 
time equal to one twenty -fourth part of a day. It consists 
of sixty minutes. 2. Time ; a particular time ; as, the hour 
of death. 3. The time marked or indicated by a chronom- 
eter, clock, or watch ; the particular time of the day. — To 
keep good hours, to be at home in good season. — In the Ro- 
man Catholic Church, hours, in the plural, certain prayers at 
particular periods of the day, as vespers and matins. — In 
mythology, the Hours (horae) were divinities regarded either 
as the goddesses of the seasons or of the hours of the day. 
— Brande. 
HOUR'-CiR-CLE, n. In astronomy, a meridian; so called 
because the arcs of the equator intercepted between the 
meridians are used as measures of time. — Olmsted. 
HOUR'-GLXSS (our'-glas), n. 1. A chronometer that meas- 
ures intervals of time by the running of sand from one 
glass vessel to another through a small aperture. 2. Space 
of time. — Bacon. 
fiOUR'-HAND, n. The hand or pointed pin which shows 

the hour on a chronometer. 
HOUR'-PLaTE (our'-plate), n. The plate of a time-piece on 

which the hours are marked ; the dial. — Locke. 
HOUR' I. n. Among Mohammedans, a nymph of paradise. 
HOURLY (ourly), a. 1. Happening or done every hour ; 

frequent ; often repeated. 2. Continual. 
HOUR'LY (ourly), adv. Every hour ; frequently. 
\ HOUS'AgE, n. A fee for keeping goods in a house. 
HOUSE (hous), n. [Sax., Goth., Sw., Scot, hus.) 1. A build- 
ing intended or used as a habitation ; a building or edifice 
for the habitation of man ; a dwelling-place, mansion, or 
abode for any of the human species. 2. An edifice or 
building appropriated to the service of God ; a temple ; a 
church. 3. A monastery ; a college ; as, a religious house. 
— Addison. 4. The manner of living ; the table ; as, to 
keep a good house, a miserable house. Swift. — 5. In astrol- 
ogy, the station of a planet in the heavens, or the twelfth 



part of the heavens. 6. A family of ancestors ; descend- 
ants and kindred ; a race of persons from the same stock ; 
a tribe ; particularlyapplied to a noble family ; as, the house 
of Brunswick. 7. One of the estates of a kingdom assem- 
bled in parliament or legislature ; a body of men united in 
their legislative capacity. 8. The quorum of a legislative 
body ; the number of representatives assembled who are 
constitutionally empowered to enact laws. — 9. In mercaii- 
tile affairs, a firm or commercial establishment ; as, the 
house of Baring and Brothers. — 10. In Scripture, those who 
dwell in a house, and compose a family ; a household. 1L 
Wealth ; estate. 12. The grave ; as, the house appointed 
for all living. — Job, xxx., 23. 13. Household affairs ; do- 
mestic concerns. 14. The body ; the residence of the soul 
in this world. 15. The church among the Jews. 16. A 
place of residence. 17. A square or division on a chess- 
board. — House of correction, a prison for the punishment 
of idle and disorderly persons, vagrants, trespassers, &e. 
— Brande. 

HOUSE (houz), v. t. [Sw. hysa.] 1. To cover from the in- 
clemencies of the weather; to shelter; to protect by cov- 
ering. 2. To admit to residence ; to harbor. — Sidney. 3. 
To deposit and cover, as in the grave. — Sandys. 4. To 
drive to a shelter. 

HOUSE (houz), v. i. 1. To take shelter or lodgings ; to 
keep abode ; to reside. — Milton. 2. To have an astrologic- 
al station in the heavens. — Dryden. 

HOUSE'-BoAT, n. A covered boat. 

HOUSE'-BREaK-ER (hous'-bra-ker), n. One who breaks, 
opens, and enters a house by day with a felonious intent 

HOUSE'-BREaK-ING (hous'-bra-king), n. The breaking, or 
opening and entering of a house by daylight, with the in- 
tent to commit a felony, or to steal or rob. 

HOUSE'-DOG, n. A dog kept to guard the house. — Addison. 

HOUSE'-LAMB (hous'-lam), n. A lamb kept in a house for 
fatting. 

HOUSE'-MaID, n. A female servant employed to keep a 
house clean, &c 

HOU8E'-PI_G-EON, n. A tame pigeon.— Gregory. 

HOUSE'-RaIS-ER, n. One who erects a house. 

HOUSE'-ROOM, n. Room or place in a house. — Dryden. 

HOUSE'-SNAIL, n. A particular kind of snail. 

HOUSE'- WARM-ING, n. A feast or merry-making at the 
time a family enters a new house. 

HOUSE'-WRlGHT (hous'-rite), n. An architect who builds 
houses. 

HOUSE'BoTE, n. [house, and Sax. bot.] In law, a sufficient 
allowance of wood to repair the house and supply fuel. 

HOUSE'HoLD, n. 1. Those who dwell under the same 
roof and compose a family. 2. Family life ; domestic 
management. — Shak. 

HOUSE'HoLD, a. Belonging to the house and family ; do- 
mestic. 

HOUSE'KoLD-BReAD, n. Bread made within the house ; 
bread not of the finest quality. 

HOUSE'HoLD-STUFF, n. The furniture of a house ; the 
vessels, utensils, and goods of a family. 

HOUSE'HoLD-ER, n. The master or chief of a family ; one 
who keeps house with his family. 

HOUSE'KEEP-ER, n. 1. One who occupies a house with 
his family ; a man or woman who maintains a family state 
in a house ; a householder. 2. A female servant who has 
the chief care of the family. 3. One who lives in plenty ; 
[obs.] 4. One who keeps much at home ; [obs.] 5. A 
house-dog; [obs.] 

HOUSE'KEEP-ING, a. Domestic ; used in a family. [Little 
used.] 

HOUSE'KEEP-ING, n. 1. The family state in a dwelling , 
care of domestic concerns. 2. Hospitality ; a plentiful and 
hospitable table. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

HOUS'EL (houz'el),«. [Sax. husel] The eucharist ; the s-a 
cred bread. 

t HOUS'EL, v. t. [Sax. huslian.] To give or receive the eo 
charist. — Chaucer. 

HOUSE'LEEK, n. A plant. 

HOUSE'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a house or habitation.- 
Goldsmith. 2. Destitute of shelter. 

HOUSE'LlNE, \n. Among seamen, a small line formed of 

HOUSTNG, 5 three strands ; used for seizings. 

* HOUSEWIFE, n. [house and wife ; contracted into hus- 

wife, hussy.] 1. The mistress of a family. 2. A female 
economist; a good manager. 3. One skilled in female 
business. 4. A little case or bag for articles of female 
work ; pronounced huzfzif. 

* HOUSE'WiFE-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the mistress of a 
family. 2. Taken from housewifery, or domestic affairs. 

* HOUSE'WIFE-RY, n. The business of the mistress of a 
family ; female business in the economy of a family fe 
male management of domestic concerns. 

HOUSED, pp. Put under cover ; sheltered. 
HOUS'ING, ppr. 1. Depositing in a house ; covering; shel- 
tering. 2. Warped ; crooked, as a brick. 
HOUS'ING, n. 1. A cover or cloth over or under a horse's 



D6VE ; BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HUD 



504 



HUL 



saddle, used originally to keep off dirt, and afterward as 
an ornamental or military appendage ; a saddle-cloth ; a 
horse-cloth. 2. Houses taken collectively ; [obs ] — 3. See 
Houseline, No. 4. In architecture, the space taken out of 
one solid to admit the insertion of another. 

t HOUS'LING, a. Sacramental ; as, housling lire, used in 
the ceremony of marriage. — Spenser. 

HOUSS, n. A covering. — Drijden. See Housing. 

HoVE, pret. of heave. 

HOVEL, n. [Sax. hof, hofe.] 1. An open shed for shelter- 
ing cattle, protecting produce, &c, from the weather. — 
Brande. 2. A cottage ; a mean house. 

HOVEL, v. t. To put in a hovel; .to shelter. 

HOVELLED, pp. Put in a hovel ; sheltered. 

Ho VEN, pp. of heave. 

* H6VER (hu»- r er), v. i. [W. hoviaw.] 1. To flap the wings, 
as a fowl ; to hang over or about, fluttering or flapping the 
wings. 2. To hang over or around, with irregular motions. 
3. To stand in suspense or expectation. 4. To wander 
about from place to place in the neighborhood. 

f H6VER, n. A protection or shelter by hanging over. 

H6VER-GROUND, n. Light ground.— Ray. 

H6VER-ING, ppr. Flapping the wings ; hanging over or 
around ; moving with short, irregular flights. 

H6VER-ING-LY, adv. In a hovering manner. 

HOW, adv. [Sax. hu.] 1. In what manner. 2. To what de- 
gree or extent. 3. For what reason ; from what cause. 

1. By what means. 5. In what state. 6. It is used in a 
sense marking proportion. 7. It is much used in excla- 
mation ; as, how are the mighty fallen ! — 2 Sam., i. 8. In 
some popular phrases, how is superfluous or inelegant. 

\ HOW'BE, adv. Nevertheless. — Spenser. 

\ HOW-Be'IT, adv. [how, be, and it.] Be it as it may ; nev- 
ertheless; notwithstanding; yet; but; however. 

HOWDY, n. A midwife.— Grose. [Local] 

HOW D'YE. How do you ? how is your health ? 

HOW-EVER, adv. 1. In whatever manner or degree. 2. 
At all events ; at least. 3. Nevertheless ; notwithstand- 
ing; yet. 

HOW'ITZ, In. [Sp. hobus; G. haubitze.] A kind of 

HOW'ITZ-ER. 5 mortar or short gun, mounted on a field 
carriage, and used for throwing shells. 

HOW'KER, n. A Dutch vessel with two masts ; also, a 
small one-masted fishing-boat. 

HOWL, v. i. [D. huilen.] 1. To cry as a dog or wolf; to 
utter a particular kind of loud, protracted, and mournful 
sound. 2. To utter a loud, mournful sound, expressive 
of distress ; to wail. 3. To roar, as a tempest. 

HOWL, v. t. To utter or speak with outcry. 

HOWL, n. 1. The cry of a dog or wolf, or other like sound. 

2. The cry of a human being in horror or anguish. 
HOWLED, pp. Uttered with outcry, as a dog or wolf. 
HOWL'ET, n. [Fr. hulotte.] An owl. 

HOWL'ING, ppr. Uttering the cry of a dog or wolf; utter- 
ing a loud cry of distress. 

HOWL'ING, a. Filled with howls, or howling beasts ; 
dr e ary . — A ddison . 

HOWL'ING, n. The act of howling; a loud outcry or 
mournful sound. 

t HOW'SO, adv. [abbreviation of howsoever.] Although. — 
Daniel. 

HOW-SO-EVER, adv. [how, so, and ever.] 1. In what man- 
ner soever. 2. Although. 

t HOX, v. t. To hough ; "to hamstring. — Shale. See Hough. 

HOY, n. A small vessel, usually rigged as a sloop. 

HOY. An exclamation, of no definite meaning. 

HUB. See Hob. 

HUB'BUB, 7i. A great noise of many confused voices ; a 
tumult; uproar; riot— Clarendon. 

HUB-BUB-BOO', n. A howling.— Smart. 

f HU€K, v. i. To haggle in trading. 

HUGK, n. The name of a German river -trout. 

HUGK'A-BACK, n. A kind of linen with raised figures on 
it, used for table-cloths and towels. 

HU€K'LE, n. [G. hocktr.] The hip, that is, a bunch. 

HU€K'LE-BA€KED (-1-bakt), a. Having round shoulders. 

HU€K'LE-BER-RY (hukl-), n. The berry called also whor- 
tleberry. 

HU€K'LE-BoNE (hukl-), n. [G. hocker.] The hip bone. 

HU€K'STER, n. [G. liocke, hacker.] 1. A retailer of small 
articles, of provisions, nuts, &c. 2. A mean, trickish 
fellow. 

HU€K'STER, v. i. To deal in small articles, or in petty 
bargains. — Swift. 

HUCKSTER-AGE, n. Small dealing or business.— Milton. 

HU€K'STRESS. n, A female peddler. 

HUD, n. The shell or hull of a nut.— Grose. [Local] 

HUD'DLE, v. i. [In Ger. hudeln.] 1. To crowd; to press 
together promiscuously, without order or regularity. 2. 
To move in a promiscuous throng without order ; to press 
or hurry in disorder. 

HUD'DLE, v. t. 1. To put on in haste and disorder. 2. To 
cover in haste or carelessly. 3. To perform in haste and 



disorder. 4. To throw together in confusion , to cro wo 
together without regard to order. 

HUD'DLE, n. A crowd : a number of persons or things 
crowded together without order or regularity ; tumult ; 
confusion. — Locke. 

HUD'DLjED pp. Crowded together without order. 

HUD'DLER, n. One who throws things into confusion ; a 
bungler. 

HUD'DLLNG, ppr. Crowding or throwing together in dis 
order ; putting on carelessly. 

HU-DI-BRAS'TI€, a. Similar in style to Hudibras, or dog- 
gerel poetry. 

HuE, n. [Sax. hiewe, law.] Color ; tint ; dye. — Milton. 

HuE, in the phrase hue and cry, signifies a shouting or vo 
ciferation. — In law, a hue and cry is the pursuit ot a felon 
or offender, with loud outcries or clamor to give an alarm 

t HuED <hude), a. Colored. — Chaucer. 

HOE'LESS, a. Destitute of color. 

t Hu'ER, n. One whose business is to cry out or give an 
alarm. — Car etc. 

HUFF, n. [Sp. chufa.] 1. A swell of sudden anger or arro 
gance. 2. A boaster. — South. 

HUFF, v. t. 1. To swell ; to enlarge ; to puff up.— Grew. % 
To hector ; to bully ; to treat with insolence and arro- 
gance ; to chide or rebuke with insolence. 

HUFF, v. i. 1. To swell ; to dilate or enlarge, as bread. 2 
To bluster ; to swell with anger, pride, or arrogance ; to 
storm. 

HUFFED (huft),£p. Swelled up; puffed up. 

HUFF'ER, n. A bully ; a swaggerer ; a blusterer. 

HUFF'I-NESS, n. Petulance; the state of being puffed up. 

HUFF'ING, ppr. Swelling ; puffing up ; blustering. 

HUFFING, n. Swelling ; petulance ; anger. 

HUFF'ISH, a. Arrogant ; insolent ; hectoring. 

HUFF'ISH-LY, adv. With arrogance or blustering. 

HUFF'ISH-NESS, n. Arrogance ; petulance ; bluster. 

HUFF'Y, a. Swelled or swelling; petulant. 

HUG, v. t. [Dan. heger.] 1. To press close in an embrace 
2. To embrace closely ; to hold fast ; to treat with fond 
ness. 3. To congratulate : with himself, one's self, &c. 4 
To gripe in wrestling or scuffling. — 5. In seamen's language 
to keep close to ; as, to hug the land or wind. — Totten. 

HUG, n. 1. A close embrace. 2. A particular gripe in 
wrestling or scuffling. 

HUGE, a. [D. hoog.] 1. Very large ; of great or excessivt, 
size. — 2. It is improperly applied to space and distance, i* 
the sense of great, vast. — 3. In colloquial language, very 
great. — Syn. Enormous ; gigantic ; colossal ; immense 
prodigious. 

HugE'-BEL-LIED, a. Having a very large belly.— Milton. 

HugE'-BUiLT (-bilt), a. Built to a huge size. 

HugE'LY, adv. Very greatly ; enormously ; immensely. 

HugE'NESS, n. Enormous bulk or largeness. 

HUGGED, pp. Closely embraced ; held fast. 

HUG'GEB,-MUG'GER, n. In hugger-mugger, denotes in 
privacy or secrecy ; and the word, adverbially used, de- 
notes secretly. — Holloway. [It is a low cant word.] 

HUG'GING, ppr. Embracing closely ; fondling. 

Hu'GUE-NOT (hu'ge-not) : n. [The origin of this word is un- 
certain. It is conjectured to be a corruption of G. eidge- 
nossen, confederates.] A name formerly given to a Prot- 
estant in France. 

Hu'GUE-NOT-ISM, n. The religion of the Huguenots in 
France. — Sherwood. 

t HC6Y, a. [from huge.] Vast in size. — Dryden. 

t HUl'SHER (liwe'-), n. [Fr. huissier.] An usher. — B.Jonson. 

HuKE, n. [W. hug.] A cloak ; a hyke. — Bacon. 

t HULCH, n. A bunch or hump. 

tHULCH'-BAGKED (-bakt), a. Crooked-backed. — Cot- 
grave. 

t HULCHED (hulcht), a. Swollen ; puffed up.—Cotgrave 

fHULCH'Y, a. Much swelling ; gibbous. — Sherwood. 

HULK, n. [D. hulk ; Sax. hulc.) 1. The body of an old ves- 
sel, unfit for further service at sea. 2. Any thing bulky 
or unwieldy ; [not used.] — The hulks, in England, old or 
dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons. 

HULK, v. t. To take out the entrails. [Little used.] 

t HULK'Y, a. Bulky ; unwieldy. 

HULL, n. [Sax. hul] 1. The outer covering of any thing, 
particularly of a nut or of grain. 2. The frame or body 
of a ship or other vessel. — To lie a hull, in seamen's lan- 
guage, is to lie as a ship without any sail upon her, and 
her helm lashed a-lee. — To strike a hull, in a storm, is to 
take in the sails, and lash the helm on the lee-side of a 
ship. — Hull down expresses that the hull of the ship is 
concealed by the convexity of the sea. 

HULL, v. t. 1. To strip oft' or separate the hull or hulls, f 
To pierce the hull of a ship with a cannon-ball. 

HULL, v. i. To float or drive on the water, like the hull of 
a ship without sails. 

HULLED, pp. Stripped off, as the hulls of seed. — Hulled 
corn or grain, corn or grain boiled in a weak lye, so that 
the hull separates from the kernel. 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



HUM 



505 



HUM 



HULL'ING, ppr. Stripping off the hull. 

HULL'Y, a. Having husks or pods ; siliquous. 

HUL'VER, n. [D. hulst.] Holly, an evergreen shrub or 
tree. 

HUM, v. i. [G. hum-men.] 1. To utter the sound of bees ; to 
buzz. 2. To make an inarticulate, buzzing sound. 3. To 
pause in speaking, and make an audible noise, like the 
humming of bees. 4. To make a dulL heavy noise, like a 
drone. 5. To applaud ; [obs.] 

HUM, v. t. 1. To sing in a low voice. 2. To cause to hum ; 
to impcse on ; [vulgar.] 

HUM, n. 1. The noise of bees or insects. 2. A low, con- 
fused noise, as of crowds. 3. Any low, dull noise. 4. A 
low, inarticulate sound, uttered by a speaker in a pause. 
5. An expression of applause. 6. An imposition in jest ; 
| vulgar.] 

tlUM, cxclam. A sound with a pause, implying doubt and 
deliberation. — Pope. 

Hu'MAN, a. [L. humanus ; Fr. humain.] 1. Belonging to 
man or mankind; pertaining or relating to the race of 
man. 2. Having the qualities of a man. 3. Profane ; not 
sacred or divine ; [obs.] 

f Hu'MAN- ATE, a. Endued with humanity. — Cranmer. 

HU-MaNE', a. 1. Having the feelings and dispositions prop- 
er to man ; having tenderness and compassion. 2. In- 
clined to treat the lower orders of animals with tender- 
ness. — Syn. Kind ; sympathizing ; benevolent ; mild ; 
compassionate ; tender ; merciful. 

HU-MaNE'LY, adv. 1. With kindness, tenderness, or com- 
passion. 2. In a humane manner ; with kind feelings. 

HU-MaNE'NESS, n. Tenderness.— Scott. 

HO'MAN-IST, n. 1. One who pursues the study of the hu- 
manities (litera humaniores), or polite literature ; [a term 
used in various European universities, especially the Scot- 
tish.] — Brande. 2. One versed in the knowledge of hu- 
man nature. 

HU-MAN-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who holds that Jesus Christ 
was a mere man. 

HU-MAN-I-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine of the Humani- 
tarians. 

HU-MAN'I-TY, v. [L. humanitas.] 1. The peculiar nature of 
man, by which he is distinguished from other beings. 2. 
Mankind collectively ; the human race. 3. The kind feel- 
ings, dispositions, and sympathies of man, by which he is 
distinguished from the lower orders of animals ; kindness ; 
benevolence. 4. The exercise of kindness ; acts of tender- 
ness. 5. Philology ; grammatical studies. Johnson. — Hu- 
manities, in the plural, signifies grammar, rhetoric, the Lat- 
in and Greek languages, and poetry ; for teaching which 
there are professors in the universities of Scotland. 

HU-MAN-J-Za'TION, n. The act of humanizing. 

Hu'MAN-lZE, v. t. To soften ; to render humane ; to sub- 
due dispositions to cruelty, and render susceptible of kind 
feelings. 

H0'MAN-iZ.ED,#p. Softened; rendered humane. 

Hu'MAN-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Softening , subduing cruel dis- 
positions^ 

Hu'MAN-KlND, n. The race of man ; mankind ; the hu- 
man species. — Pope. 

Hu'MAN-LY, adv. 1. After the manner of men ; according 
to the opinions or knowledge of men. 2. Kindly ; hu- 
manely. — Pope; [obs.] 

tHU-MA'TION, n. Interment. 

HUM'BiRD, > n. A very small bird of the genus tro- 

HUM'MING-BIRD, j chilus, so called from the sound of its 
wings in flight. 

* HUM'BLE, a. [Fr. humble ; L. humilis.] 1. Low ; opposed 
to high or lofty.— Cowley. 2. Low; opposed to lofty or 
great; mean; not magnificent. 3. Lowly; modest; meek; 
submissive ; opposed to proud, haughty, arrogant, or as- 
suming. 

* HUM'BLE, v. t. 1. To bring down, or reduce to a low 

state. 2. To crush ; to break ; to subdue ; as, the battle 
of Austerlitz humbled the power of Austria. 3. To morti- 
fy or make ashamed; as, one may be humbled without 
having true humility. 4. To make humble or lowly in 
mind; to abase the pride of; to make meek and submis- 
sive. 5. To make to condescend ; as, he humbles himself 
to speak to them. 6. To bring down ; to reduce ; as, the 
mountains shall be humbled. 7. To deprive of chastity. 
Deut., xxi. — To humble one's self, to repent ; to afflict one's 
self for sin ; to make contrite. — Syn. To abase ; lower ; 
depress; humiliate; disgrace; degrade; sink. 

* HUM'BLE-MOUTHjED, a. Mild; meek; modest. 

* HUM'BLE-PLANT, n. A species of sensitive plant. 

* HUM'BLE-BEE, n. [G. hummel. It is often called bumble- 

bee.] A bee of a large species. 

* HUM'BLED, pp. or a. Made low ; abased ; rendered meek 

and submissive ; penitent. 

* HUM'BLE-NESS, n. The state of being humble or low ; 
humility ; meekness. — Bacon. 

* HUM'BLER, n. He or that which humbles ; he that re- 

duces pride or mortifies. 



UWBLES, ' ' s n 'P^ Entraus of a deer. — Johnsan. 
t HUM'BLESS, n. [Old Fr. humblesse.] Humbleness ; hu 
mility. — Spenser. 

* HUM'BLING, ppr. 1. Abasing ; crushing ; subduing. 2. a 

Adapted to abase pride and self-dependence. 

* HUM'BLING, n. Humiliation ; abatement of pride. — Milton 

* HUM'BLY, adv. 1. In an humble manner ; with modest 

submissiveness ; with humility. 2. In a low state or con- 
dition; without elevation. 

HUM'BoLDT-lNE, n. [from Humboldt.] A native oxalate 
of iron. 

HUM'BoLDT-lTE, n. A mineral, a variety of datholite. 

HUM'BUG, n. An imposition under fair pretenses ; a per- 
son who thus imposes. [A low word.] 

HUM'BUG, v. t. To deceive for the purpose of ridicule. [A 
low word.] 

HUM'BUGGED.^p. Imposed on; deceived. 

HUM'BUG-GER-Y, n. The practice of imposition. 

HUM'DRUM, a. [qu. hum and drone.] Dull ; stupid. 

HUM'DRUM, n. A stupid fellow j a drone. 

HU-MEGT, \v. t. [L. humccto.] To moisten; to wet, 

HU-MEGTITE, 5 to water.— Brown. [Little used.] 

HU-MECT-1'TION, n. The act of moistening, wetting, or 
watering. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

HU-MEGT'iVE, a. Having the power to moisten. 

Hu'MER-AL, a. [Fr.] Belonging to the shoulder. 

HUMTIUM, n. A kind of plain, coarse India cloth, made ot 
cotton. 

Hu'MIG ACID, n. An acid formed from humus by the ac- 
tion of an alkali. — Cooley. 

HU-MI-GU-BITION, n. [L. humus and cubo.] A lying on 
the ground. — Bramhall. [Little used.] 

Hu'MID, a. [L. humidus.] 1. Moist , damp ; containing sens- 
ible moisture. 2. Somewhat wet or watery. 

HU-MID'I-TY, n. 1. Moisture ; dampness ; a moderate de- 
gree of wetness. 2. Moisture in the form of visible vapor, 
or perceptible in the air. 

HtJ'MID-NESS, n. Humidity. 

HU-MIL'I-aTE, v. t. [L. humilio.] To humble ; to lower in 
condition ; to depress.— Eaton. 

HU-MIL'I-a-TED, pp. Humbled, depressed; degraded. 

HU-MILI-a-TING, ppr. 1. Humbling ; depressing. 2. a. 
Abating pride ; reducing self-confidence ; mortifying. 

HU-MIL-I-A'TION, n. 1. The act of humbling; the state of 
being humbled. 2. De" '.ent from an elevated state or rank 
to one that is low or humble. 3. The act of abasing pride , 
or the state of being reduced to lowliness of mind, meek 
ness, penitence, and submission. 4. Abasement of pride ; 
mortification; depression; dejection. 

HU-MIL'I-TY, n. [L. humilitat.] 1. In ethics, freedom from 
pride and arrogance ; humbleness of mind ; a modest es- 
timate of one's own worth. — In theology, humility consists 
in lowliness of mind ; a deep sense of one's own unwor- 
thiness in the sight of God. 2. Act of submission. 

HtJ'MIN, n. See Humus. 

Hu'MlTE, n. [from Sir A. Hume.] A rare Vesuvian miner 
al, occurring in minute crystals. 

HUM'MER, n. One who hums ; an applauder. 

HUM'MING, ppr. or a. Making a low buzzing or murmuring. 

HUM'MING, n. The sound of bees ; a low murmuring. 

HUM'MING-ILE, n. Sprightly nle.—LYyden. 

HUM'MING-BiRD, n. The smallest of birds, of the genus 
trochilus. See Humbird. 

HUM'MOGK, n. A solid mass of turf elevated above the sur- 
rounding earth. See Hommock. 

HUM'MUMS, n.pl. [Persian.] Sweating places, or baths. 

* Hu'MOR, n. [L.] 1. Moisture ; but the word is chiefly 
used to express the moisture or fluids of animal bodies ; 
as, the humors of the eye. — In popular usage, an animal flu- 
id in an unhealthy state. 2. A disease of the skin ; cutane- 
ous eruptions. 3. Turn of mind, or peculiarity of dispo- 
sition, often temporary. 4. That quality of the imagina 
tion which gives to ideas a wild or fantastic turn, and tends 
to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or repre- 
sentations. "Humor is less poignant and brilliant than wit , 
hence it is always agreeable. Wit, directed against folly, 
often offends by its severity ; humor makes a man ashamed 
of his follies, without exciting his resentment. 5. Petu- 
lance; peevishness; better expressed by ill-humor. — South. 
6. A trick ; a practice or habit. Shak. — Syn. Temper 
disposition ; mood ; frame ; whim ; fancy ; caprice ; mer- 
riment; jocularity; burlesque; wit; satire. 

* Hu'MOR, v. t. 1. To gratify by yielding to particular incli- 

nation, humor, w*sh, 3» desire; to indulge by compliance. 
2. To suit ; to indulge ; to favor by imposing no restraint, 
and rather contributing to promote by occasional aids. 

* Hu'MOR -AL, a. Pertaining to or proceeding from the hu 

mors. — Harvey. 

* HO'MOR-AL-ISM. n. 1. State of being humoral.— CaldweTi. 
2. The doctrine that diseases ha%'e their seat in the humors. 

* Hu'MOR-AL-IST, n. One who favors the humoral pa- 
thology. 



D6 VE ,— BULL, tJNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.--€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HUN 



506 



HUK 



* liv'MOREB, pp. Indulged; favored. 

* Hu'MOR-ING, ppr. Indulging a particular wish or pro- 
pensity ; favoring ; contributing to aid by falling into a de- 
sign or course. 

* Hu'MOR-ISM, n. The state of the humors. 

■* Hu'MOR-IST, n. 1. One who conducts himself by his own 
inclination, or bent of mind ; one who gratifies his own 
humor. 2. One who indulges humor in speaking or writ- 
ing ; one who has a playful fancy or genius. 3. One who 
has odd conceits ; also, a wag ; a droll. 

* Hu'MOR-LESS, a. Destitute of humor. 

* Hu'MOR-OUS, a. Containing humor ; full of wild or fan- 
ciful images ; adapted to excite laughter. 2. Having the 
power to speak or write in the style of humor; exciting 
laughter. 3. Subject to be governed, by humor or caprice ; 
irregular ; capricious ; whimsical ; [obs.] 4. Moist ; hu- 
mid; [obs.] — Syn. Jocose ; jocular; witty; pleasant ; play- 
ful ; merry. 

* HO'MOR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With a wild or grotesque com- 
bination of ideas ; in a manner to excite laughter or mirth ; 
pleasantly ; jocosely. 2. Capriciously ; whimsically ; in 
conformity with one's humor. — Calamy. 

* Hu'MOR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being 
humorous ; oddness of conceit ; jocularity. 2. Fickleness ; 
capriciousness. 3. Peevishness; petulance. — Goodman. 

k Hu'MOR-S6ME, a. 1. Peevish ; petulant ; influenced by 
the humor of the moment. — Burke. 2. Odd; humorous; 
adapted to excite laughter. — Swift. 

* Hu'MOR-S6ME-LY, adv. 1. Peevishly ; petulantly.— John- 

son. 2. Oddly; humorously. 
HUMP, n. [L. umbo.] The protuberance formed by a crook- 

HUMP'BACK, n. 1. A crooked back ; high shoulders. 2. 

A humpbacked person. 
HUMP'BACKED (-bakt), a. Having a crooked back. 
Hu'MUS, n. [L., ground.] A pulverulent brown substance 

formed by the action of air on solid animal or vegetable 

matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils. — Graham. 
HUNCH, n. 1. A hump; a protuberance. 2. A lump; a 

thick piece. [New England.] 3. A push or jerk with the 

fist or elbow. 
HUNCH, v. t. 1. To push with the elbow ; to push or thrust 

with a sudden jerk. 2. To push out in a protuberance ; 

to crook the back. 
HUNCHBACK, n. A humpback. 
HUNCHBACKED (-bakt), a. Having a crooked back. 
HUNCHED (huncht), pp. Pushed or thrust with the fist or 

elbow. 
HUNCH'ING, ppr. Pushing with the fist or elbow. 

* HUND'RED, a. [Sax. hund, or hundred.] Denoting the 
product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten 
times ten. 

* HUND'RED, n. 1. A collection, body, or sum, consisting 

of ten times ten individuals or units ; the number 100. 2. 

A division or part of a county in England, supposed to 

have originally contained a hundred families, or a hundred 

warriors, or a hundred manors. 
HUND'RED-CoURT, n. In England, a court held for all 

the inhabitants of a hundred. — Blackstone. 
HUND'RED-ER, n. 1. In England, a man who may be of 

a jury in any controversy respecting land within the hund- 
red to which he belongs. 2. One having the jurisdiction 

of a hundred. 
HUND'REDTH, a. The ordinal of a hundred. 
HUNG, pret. and pp. of hang. 
HUNG'-BEEF, n. The fleshy part of beef, slightly salted, 

and hung up to dry ; dried beef. 
HUN"GA-RY- WATER, n, A distilled water prepared from 

the tops of flowers of rosemary ; so called from a queen 

of Hungary, for whose use it was first made. 
HUN"GER, n. [Sax., G., Dan., Sw. hunger.] 1. An uneasy 

sensation occasioned by the want of food ; a craving of 

food by the stomach ; craving appetite. 2. Any strong or 

eager desire. 
HUN"GER, v. i. 1. To feel the pain or uneasiness which is 

occasioned by long abstinence from food; to crave food. 

2. To desire with great eagerness ; to long for. 
t HUN-GER, v. t. To famish. 

HUN"GER-BIT, \ a. Pained, pinched, or weakened by 

HUN"GER-BIT-TEN, 5 hunger. 
HUN"GER-STaRV£D, a. Starved with hunger; pinched 

bv want of food. — Dry den. 
HUN"GER-STUNG, a. Stung by hunger.— Drake. 
HUN"GERED, pp. or a. Pinched by want of food ; hungry. 
HUN"GER-ING, ppr. Feeling the uneasiness of want of 

food ; desiring eagerly ; longing for ; craving. 
HUN"GER-LY, a. Hungry ; wanting food.— Shak. 
HUN"GER-LY, adv. With keen appetite.— Shak. [Rare.] 
t HUN"GRED, a. Hungry; pinched by want of food. 
HUN"GRI-LY, adv. With keen appetite ; voraciously. — 

Dry den. 
HUN"GRY, a. 1. Having a keen appetite; feeling pain or 

uneasiness from want of food. 2. Having an eager desire. 



3. Lean ; emaciated, as if reduced by hungei ; as, a hun 
gry look. — Shak. 4. Not rich or fertile ; poor ; barren 
requiring substances to enrich itself ; as, a hungry gravel 
— Mortimer. 

HUNKS, n. A covetous, sordid man ; a miser ; a niggard. 

HUNS, n. pi. [L. Hun\i.] The Scythians who conquered 
Pannonia, and gave it its present name, Hungary. 

HUNT, v. t. [Sax. huntian.] 1. To chase wild animals, par 
ticularly quadrupeds, for the purpose of catching them for 
food, or for the diversion of sportsmen ; to pursue with 
hounds for taking, as game. 2. To go in search of) fcr the 
purpose of shooting. 3. To pursue ; to follow closely. 4 
To use, direct, or manage hounds in the chase. Addison. 
— To hunt out or after, also, to hunt up, to seek; to search 
for. Locke. — To hunt from, to pursue and drive out or 
away. — To hunt down, to depress ; to bear down by per- 
secution or violence. 

HUNT, v. i. 1. To follow the chase. 2. To seek wild ani- 
mals for game, or for killing them by shooting when nox- 
ious. 3. To seek by close pursuit ; to search. — To hunt 
counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting ; to go 
back. Shak. ; [obs.] — To run counter is still used. 

HUNT, n. 1. A chase of wild animals for catching them. 
2. A huntsman ; [obs.] 3. A pack of hounds. — Dryden 

4. Pursuit ; chase. 5. A seeking of wild animals of any 
kind for game. 6. An association of huntsmen ; as, the 
Caledonian hunt. 

HUNT-COUNTER, n. A dog that runs back on the scent, 

and hence is worthless. — Shak. 
HUNT'ED, pp. or a. Chased ; pursued ; sought. 
HUNTER, n. 1. One who pursues wild animals with 

view to take them, either for sport or food. 2. A dog 

that scents game, or is employed in the chase. 3. A horse 

used in the chase. 
HUNTING, ppr. Chasing for seizure ; pursuing ; seeking ; 

searching. 
HUNTING, n. 1. The act or practice of pursuing wild 

animals, for catching or killing them. 2. A pursuit; a 

HUNTING-HORN, n. A bugle ; a horr used to cheer the 
hounds in pursuit of game. 

HUNT'ING-HORSE, \n. A horse used in hunting.— But- 

HUNTING-NAG, I ler. 

HUNTTNG-SeAT, n. A temporary residence for the pur- 
pose of hunting. — Gray. 

HUNTRESS, n. A female that follows the chase. 

HUNTS'MAN, n. 1. One who practices hunting. 2. The 
servant whose office it is to raanage the chase. 

HUNTS'MAN-SHIP, n. The art or practice of hunting ; thi 
qualifications of a hunter. 

HUR'D EN, n. A coarse kind of linen. [Local, or obs.] 

HUR'DLE, n. [Sax. hyrdel.] 1. A texture of twigs, osiers 
or sticks ; a crate of various forms, according to its desti 
nation. — 2. In England, a crate or sled on which criir 
inals were dragged to execution. Bacon.— 3. In fortijia 
tion, a collection of twigs or sticks interwoven closely aD 4 
sustained by long stakes. — 4. In husbandry, a frame (T 
split timber or sticks wattled together, serving for gate*, 
inclosures, &c. 

HUR'DLE, v. t. To make up, hedge, cover, or close with 
hurdles. — Seward. 

HURDS, n. The coarse part of flax or hemp. See Hakds 

HUR'DY-GUR'DY, n. A stringed instrument of music 
whose sounds are produced by the friction of a wheel, 
and regulated by the fingers. — Porter. 

HURL, v. t. [Arm. harlua^] 1. To throw with violence ; tc 
drive with great force. 2. To utter with vehemence , 
[not in use.] 3. To play at a kind of game. 

HURL, v. i. To move rapidly ; to whirl. — Thomson. [Rare.] 

HURL, n. 1. The act of throwing with violence. 2. Tu- 
mult ; riot ; commotion. — Knolles. 

HURL'-BAT, n. A whirl-bat ; an old kind of weapon. 

HURL'BoNE, n. In a horse, a bone near the middle of the 
buttock. — Encyc. 

HURLED, pp. Thrown with violence. 

HURL'ER, 11. One who hurls, or who plays at hurling. 

HURLING, ppr. Throwing with force ; playing at hurling. 

HURL'WIND, n. A whirlwind, which see.--Sandys. 

HUR'LY, \n. [Ban. hurl om burl ; Fr. hurlu-burlu.] 

HUR'LY-BUR'LY, 5 Tumult ; bustle ; confusion.— Shak 

TTTm "Pa' > 

HUR-R'iH' \ exclamation of joy or surprise. 

HUR'RI-CANE, n. [Sp. huracan, for furacan.] A violent 
storm, distinguished by the vehemence of the wind, and 
the sudden changes to which it is subject. Brande. — Hw 
ricane deck, a name given to the upper deck_ of steam- 
boats, which, from its height, is liable to be injured by 
sudden and violent winds. 

HUR'RIED (hur'rid), pp. or a. Hastened ; urged or impell 
ed to rapid motion or vigorous action. 

HUR'RIED-LY, adv. In a hurried manner.— Bowring. 

HUR'RIED-NESS, n. State of being hurried.— Scott. 

HUR'RI-ER, n. One who hurries, urges, or impels. 



* See Synopsis 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MAR'iNE, BiRD ;— M<WE, BOOK, 



HITS 



50' 



HYA 



HUR'RY, v. t. [L. curro ; Fr. courir.] 1. To impel to great- 
er speed ; to drive or press forward with more rapidity ; 
to urge to act or proceed with more celerity. 2. To drive 
or impel with violence. 3. To urge or drive with precip- 
itation and confusion ; for confusion is often caused by 
hurry. — To hurry away, to drive or carry away in haste. 
—Syn. To hasten ; precipitate ; expedite ; quicken ; ac- 
celerate. 
dUR'RY, v. i. To move or act with haste ; to proceed with 

celerity or precipitation. 
HUR'RY, n. 1. A driving or pressing forward in motion or 
business. 2. Pressure ; urgency to haste. 3. Precipita- 
tion that occasions disorder or confusion. 4. Tumult; 
bustle ; commotion ; as, hurry of thought. 
UUR'RY-SKUR'RY, adv. Confusedly ; in a bustle. 
HUR'RY-ING, ppr. Driving or urging to greater speed ; pre- 
cipitating. 
HURRY-1NG, n. The urging to greater speed ; rapidity of 

motion. 
HUR'RY-ING-LY, adv. In a hurrying manner. 
HURST, n. [Sax. hurst or hyrst.] A~wood or grove. 
HURT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hurt. [Sax. hyrt.] 1. To bruise ; 
to give pain by a contusion, pressure, or any violence to 
the body. 2. To wound; to injure or impair the sound 
state of the body, as by incision or fracture. 3. To harm ; 
to damage ; to injure by occasioning loss. 4. To injure by 
diminution ; to impair. 5. To injure by reducing in qual- 
ity ; to impair the strength, purity, or beauty of. 6. To 
harm ; to injure ; to damage, in general. 7. To wound ; 
to injure ; to give pain to ; to grieve, as one's feelings. 
HURT, re. 1. Any thing that gives pain to the body. — 2. In 
a general sense, whatever injures or harms ; as, I have 
done it to my hurt. — Syn. Wound ; bruise ; injury ; harm ; 
damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage. 
HURT'ER n. One who hurts or does harm. 
HURTERS, n.pl. Pieces of wood at the lower end of a plat- 
form, to prevent the wheels of gun-carriages from injuring 
the parapet. 
HURTTUL, a. Occasioning loss or destruction ; tending to 
impair or destroy. — Syn. Pernicious ; destructive ; harm- 
ful ; baneful ; prejudicial ; detrimental ; disadvantageous ; 
mischievous ; injurious ; noxious ; unwholesome. 
HURT'FUL-LY, adv. Injuriously ; mischievously. 
HURTFUL-NESS, n. Injuriousnesg ; tendency to occasion 

loss or destruction ; mischievousness. 
f HURTLE (hur'tl), v. i. [from hurt] To clash or run 
against ; to jostle ; to skirmish ; to meet in shock and en- 
counter ; to wheel suddenly, 
f HURTLE, v. t. 1. To move with violence or impetuosity. 

— Spenser. 2. To push forcibly ; to whirl. 
HUR'TLE-BER-RY, n. A whortleberry, which see. 
HURTLES, I n. pi. A name of horses among the Highland- 
HURTELS, 5 ers in Scotland. 
HURTLESS. a. 1. Harmless ; innocent ; doing no injury ; 

innoxious. 2. Receiving no injury. 
HURTLESS-LY, adv. Without harm. [Little used.] 
HURTLESS-NESS, n. Freedom from any harmful quality. 

— Johnson. [Little used.] 
FIUS'BAND, n. [Sax. husbonda.] 1. A man contracted or 
joined to a woman by marriage. A man to whom a 
woman is betrothed. — 2. In seamen's language, the owner 
of a ship who manages its concerns in person. 3. The 
male of animals of a lower order. — Dryden. 4. An econo- 
mist ; a good manager ; a man who knows and practices 
the methods of frugality and protit ; [not used in America.] 
5. A farmer ; a cultivator ; a tiller of the ground. [For 
this last, husbandman is used in America.] 
HUS'BAND, v. t. 1. To direct and manage with frugality in 
expending any thing ; to use with economy. 2. To till ; 
to cultivate with good management. — Bacon. 3. To sup- 
ply with a husband ; [little used.] 
HUS'BAND-A-BLE, a. Manageable with economy. [Bad.] 
HUS'BAND-ED, pp. Used or managed with economy ; well- 
managed. 
HUS'BAND-ING, ppr. Using or managing with frugality. 
HUS'BAND-ING, n. The laying up or economizing ; frugal 

management. 
HUS'BAND-LESS, a. Destitute of a husband. 
HUSRAND-LY, a. Frugal ; thrifty. [Little used.] 
HUS'BAND-MAN, n. 1. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of 
the ground ; one who labors in tillage. 2. The master of 
a family. — Chaucer. 
HUS'BAND-RY, n. 1. The business of a farmer; farming ; 
agriculture. 2. Frugality ; domestic economy ; good man- 
agement ; thrift; usually with good. 3. Care of domestic 
affairs. — Shak. 
HUSH, a. [G. husch.] Silent ; still ; quiet ; as, they are hush 

as death. 
HUSH, v. t. To still ; to silence ; to calm ; to make quiet ; 
to repress noise.— Shak. 2. To appease ; to allay ; to 
calm. 
HUSH, v. i. To be still ; to be silent. — Spenser. 
HUSH, imperative of tlie verb, used as an exclamation, be still ; 



be silent or quiet ; make no noise. — To hush up, to suj. 
press ; to keep concealed. — Pope. 

HUSHED (husht), pp. Stilled ; silenced ; calmed. 

HUSHING, ppr. Silencing; calming. 

HUSH'-MoN-EY (-mun-ny), n. A bribe to secure silence ; 
money paid to hinder information, or disclosure of 
facts. 

HUSK, n. [qu. W. gwisg.] The external covering of cer- 
tain fruits or seeds of plants. 

HUSK. v. t. To strip oft' the external integument or cover- 
ing of the fruits or seeds of plants. 

HUSKED (huskt), pp. 1. Stripped of its husks. 2. a. Cov- 
ered with a husk. 

HUSK'I-LY, adv. In a husky manner; dryly ; roughly. 

HUSK'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being dry and rough, like 
a husk. — 2. Figuratively, roughness of sound ; as, huski- 
ness of voice. 

HUSKING, ppr. Stripping off husks. 

HUSKING, n. The act of stripping off" husks. 

HUSK'Y, a. 1. Abounding with husks ; consisting of husks. 
2. Resembling husks ; dry ; rough. 3. Rough, as sound ; 
harsh ; whizzing. 

Hu'SO, n. A large fish of eastern Europe, allied to the 
sturgeon. 

HUS-SaR', n. [Tartar, uswar.] A mounted soldier or horse- 
man, originally among the Hungarians, but now in all the 
armies of Europe. Their arms" are light, and consist of a 
sabre, a carbine, and pistols. — Brande. 

HUSS'lTE, n. A follower of John Huss, the reformer of 
Bohemia, who was burned alive in 1415. 

HUS'SY, n. [contracted from huswife, housewife.] 1. A baa 
or worthless woman. 2. An economist ; a thrifty woman. 
— Tusser. 

HUSTINGS, n.pl. [Sax. hustinge.] 1. A court held in Guild- 
hall, in London, before the lord-mayor and aldermen of 
the city ; the supreme court or council of the city. 2. The 
place where an election of a member of Parliament is 
held. — Burke. 

HUSTLE (husT), v. t. [D. hutselen.] To shake together in 
confusion ; to push or crowd. 

HUSTLED (husld), pp. Shaken together. 

HUSTLING, ppr. Shaking together. 

* HUSWIFE (huz'zif), n. 1. A worthless woman.— Shak 

[See Hussy.] 2. A female economist; a thrifty woman. 
— Shak. 

* HUS'WIFE (huz'zif), v. t. To manage with economy and 

frugality. 

* HUS'WiFE-RY rtiuz'zif-reY tj. The business of managing 

the concerns of a family by a female; iemale manage- 
ment 

HUT, n. [G. hutte ; D. hut.] A small house, hovel, or cabin ; 
a mean lodge or dwelling; a cottage. 

HUT, v. t. To place in huts, as troops encamped in winter- 
quarters. — Smollett. 

HUT, v. i. To take lodgings in huts.— T. Pickering. 

HUTCH, n. [Fr. huche.] 1. A chest or box ; a corn-chest or 
bin ; a case for rabbits. — Mortimer. 2. A rat-trap. 

HUTCH, v. t. To hoard ; to lay up as in a chest. — Milton. 

HUTCHED (hutcht), pp. Deposited in a chest 

HUTCHING, ppr. Depositing in a hutch. 

HUTCH-IN So'NI-AN, n. A follower of the opinions of John 
Hutchinson, of \ orkshire, England. 

HUTTED, pp. Lodged in huts.— Mitford. 

HUTTING, ppr. Placing in huts ; taking lodgings in huts. 

HUX, v. t. To fish for pike with hooks and lines fastened to 
floating bladders. — Encyc. 

t HUZZ, v. i. To buzz.— Barret. 

HUZ-Za', n. A shout of joy. See Hurrah. 

HUZ'Zi', v. i. To utter a loud shout of joy, or an acclama 
tion in joy or praise. 

HUZ-ZX.', v. t. To receive or attend with shouts of joy. 

HUZ-ZaED', pp. 1. Uttered in shouts of joy. 2. Received 
with shouts of joy. 

HU Z-Z A'ING, ppr. Shouting with joy ; receiving with shouts 

of joy. 

HUZ-Za'ING, n. A shouting with joy ; a receiving with 
shouts of joy. 

HY'A-CINTH, n. [L. hyacinthus.] 1. In botany, a beautifta. 
bulbous-rooted flowering plant of many varieties.— 2. In 
mineralogy, a red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a 
gem. 

HY-A-CINTH'iNE, a. Made of hyacinth , consisting of hy- 
acinth ; resembling hyacinth. — Milton. 

Hy'A-DeS, \n.pl. [Gr.ii. i6e?.] In astronomy, a cluster of five 

HY'ADS, j stars in the Bull's face, supposed by the an- 
cients to bring rain. 

HYA-LlNE, a/[Gr. vnXivoi.] Glassy; resembling glass; 
consisting of glass. — Milton. 

Hy'A-LiTE, n.~[Gr. v iAoS.] A variety of opal, looking like 
colorless gum or resin ; also called Midler's glass. 

Hf'A-LOID, a. [Gr. va\o<; and eiSoS.] A term applied to 
transparent membranes, especially that which invests the 
vitreous humor of the eye. 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— /N"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S a? Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



HYD 



508 



HYD 



Hf-BER'NA-GLE, ) ( Hibernacle, 

Hy'BER-NITE, } See < Hibernate, 

Hy-BER-Na'TION. > ( Hibernation. 

HY'BRID or HYB'RID, n. A mongrel ; an animal >r plant, 
produced from the mixture of two species. — Lee. 

HY'BRID, f a. Mongrel ; produced from the mixture 

HYB'RID-OUS, ) of two species. 

HY'BRID-ISM, )n. State of being the offspring of two 

HY-BRID'I-TY, j species. 

Hy'DAGE, n. In law, a tax on lands, at a certain rate by the 
hide . — Blackstone. 

HYD'A-TID, n. A intestinal worm of the genus hydatis, 
which see. 

HYD'A-TIS, n. [Gr. bSart^.] A kind of small worm, a genus 
of entozoa, found in various textures and cavities of the 
human body. 

Hy'DRA, n. [L. hydra.'] 1. A water serpent. — In fabulous 
history, a serpent or monster, represented as having many 
heads, slain by Hercules. Hence, any manifold evil. 2. 
A genus of minute fresh-water polyps. 3. A southern 
constellation, containing GO stars. 

HyDRACTD, a. [Gr. bdwp, and acid.] An acid whose base 
is hydrogen. 

HY'DRA-GOGUE (hi'dra-gog), n. [Gr. MpayuyoS.] A medi- 
cine that occasions a discharge of watery humors. 

HY-DRAN'GE-A, «. [Gr. bSwp and ayyetov.] 1. An aquatic 
flowering plant. 2. The name of a genus of flowering 
shrubs. 

HY'DRANT, n. [Gr. bSpaivu).] A pipe or machine, by which 
water is raised and discharged. 

Hy-DRaR'GIL-LiTE, n. [Gr. bSwp and apyiWoS-] A min- 
eral, called also wavellite. 

Hy-DRaR'GO-GHLo'RID, n. A compound of bichlorid of 
mercury (corrosive sublimate) with another chlorid. — 
Brandt. 

Hy-DRaR'GY-RUM, n. [Gr. vSiop and apyvptov.] Quicksilver. 

Hy'DRATE, n. [Gr. vdwp.] In chemistry, a compound in 
definite proportions, of a metallic oxyd with water. 

Hy'DRa-TED, a. Made into a hydrate. 

Hf-DRAUL'IG, I a. [Ft. hydraulique ; L. hydraulicus.] 

HY-DRAUL'IG-AL, > Pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids 
in motion. — Hydraulic lime, a kind of lime which, when 
formed into mortar, becomes hard in water ; otherwise 
called water lime or cement. — Hydraulic press, see Hydro- 
static Press. — Hydraulic ram, see Ram. 

Hy-DRAUL'IG-ON, n. An ancient musical instrument acted 
upon by water ; a water organ. 

Hf-DRAUL'IGS, n. The science of fluids in motion; a 
branch of hydrodynamics. — Edin. Encyc. 

HY-DREN-TER'O-CELE, n. [Gr. bbwp, evrtpov, and ,07X77.] 
A hernial tumor, whose contents are intestine, with the 
addition of water. 

HY'DRI-AD, n. In mythology, the name of a kind of water- 
nymph. 

HYD'RI-O-DATE, n. A supposed salt formed by the hydri- 
odic acid with a base.— De Claubry. 

HYD-RI-OD'IC, a. [hydrogen and iodic] A term denoting 
a peculiar acid, composed of hydrogen and iodine. 

HY-DRO-BRd'MIG, a. Composed of hydrogen and bromine. 

Hy-DRO-GaR'BON, n. A compound of hydrogen and car- 
bon. 

HY-DRO-CIR'BON-ATE, n. [hydrogen, and L. carbo.] Car- 
bureted hydrogen gas. 

HY-DRO-GaR'BU-RET, n. Carbureted hydrogen. 

HY'DRO-CeLE, n. [Gr. bSpoxnM.] A dropsy of the vaginal 
tunic of the spermatic cord. 

Hy-DRO-CEPH'A-LUS, n. IGr. b6up and K£<pa\^.] Dropsy 
of the head. — Coxe. 

HY-DRO-CHLo'RATE, n. A supposed compound of hy- 
drochloric acid and a base ; formerly called a muriate. It 
is really a chlorid. — Joum. of Science. 

HY-DRO-CHLo'RIG, a. Hydrochloric acid is muriatic acid, 
a compound of chlorine and hydrogen gas. — Brande. 

HY-DRO-CY'A-NATE, n. A supposed compound of hydro- 
cyanic acid with a base. 

HY-DRO-CY-AN'IG, a. [hydrogen, and Gr. xvavoS.] A term 
applied to an acid whose base is hydrogen, and its acidify- 
ing principle cyanogen. This acid, as well as some others, 
has sometimes been called prussic acid. 

Hf-DRO-DY-NAM'IG, a. [Gr. vtup and SwapuS-] Pertaining 
to the force or pressure of water. 

HY-DRO-DY-NAM'ICS. n. That branch of natural philoso- 
phy which treats of the properties and relations of water 
and other fluids, whether at rest or in motion. — Edin. 
Encyc. 

HY-DRO-FLu'ATE, n. A supposed compound of hydroflu- 
oric acid and a base. 

HY-DRO-FLU-OR'IC, a. [Gr. vSup, and L.fluor.] Consist- 
ing of fluorine and hydrogen. 

Hf'DRO-GEN, n. [Gr. b8up and yivvauy.] In chemistry, & 
gas which constitutes one of the elements of water. It is 
the lightest of aeriform bodies, and hence has been used to 
fill balloons. It is highly inflammable 



Hf 'DRO-GEN-ITE, v. t. To combine hydrogen with any thing 

Hy'DRO-GEN-a-TED, pp. In combination wi$h hydrogen." 

Hy'DRO-GEN-iZE, v. t. To combine with hydrogen. 

HY'DRO-GEN-iZJED, pp. Combined with hydrogen. 

HY'DRO-GEN-IZ-ING, ppr. Combining with hydrogen. 

Hy-DROg'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to hydrogen. 

Hy-DROG'RA-PHER, n. One who draws maps of the sea 
lakes, or other waters ; one who describes the sea or othei 
waters. 

Hv-DRO-GRAPH'IG, \a. Relating to or containing b 

HY-DRO-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 description of the sea, sea-coast, 
isles, shoals, depth of water, &c, or of a lake. 

HY-DROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. bSup and ypi<t>rj.] The art of 
measuring and describing the sea, lakes, livers, and othei 
waters ; or the art of forming charts of the sea, &c. 

HY-DROG'tJ-RET, n. A compound of hydroger with i 
base ; a hydruret. [Little used.] 

Hr'DRO-LlTE, n. [Gr. vSwp and \i9oS-] A minera., occur 
ring in prismatic crystals. 

Hy-DRO-LOG'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to hydrology. 

HY-DROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. bSu>p and \oyo$.] The science of 
water, its properties, phenomena, and laws. 

Hy'DRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. b6u>p and fxavreia.] A method of 
divination by water. 

HY-DRO-MAN'TIG, a. Pertaining to divination by water. 

Hy'DRO-MEL, n. [Fr. ; Gr. b5u>p and fieXt.] A liquor con- 
sisting of honey diluted in water. 

HY-DROM'E-TER, n. An instrument for determining the 
specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength of 
spirituous liquors. 

HY-DRO-METRIG, I a. 1. Pertaining to a hydrometer, oi 

HY-DRO-METRIG-AL, 5 to the determination of the spe- 
cific gravity of fluids. 2. Made by a hydrometer. 

HY-DROM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. I8wp and fxtrpov.] The art of de 
termining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the 
strength of spirituous liquors. 

HY-DRO-PATH'IG, a. Pertaining to hydropathy. 

HY-DROP'A-THIST, n. One who practices hydropathy. 

HY-DROP'A-THY, n. [Gr. Uwp and rraOos.] The water 
cure ; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and fre- 
quent use of pure water, both internally and externally. 

HYTJRO-PHANE, n. [Gr. h5up and 6aivu).] In mineralogy 
a variety of opal made transparent by immersion in water 
— Kirwan. 

HY-DROPH'A-NOUS, a. Made transparent by immersion 
in water. — Kirwan. 

Hy-DROPH'I-DeS, n. pi. A term applied to that section of 
the Ophidians which includes the water-snakes. 
HY-DRO-PHo'BI-A, n. [Gr. ISuip and (po6eoix(u.] A preter 
natural dread of water ; a symptom of canine madness, oi 
the disease itself, which is thus denominated. 

HY-DRO-PHOB'IG, a. Pertaining to a dread of water, oi 
canine madness. — Med. Repos. 

Hy'DRO-PHyTE, n. [Gr. v6wp and <Pvtov.] An aquatic plant 
— Bell. 

Hy-DROP'IG, 1 a. [L. hydrops ; Gr. Mpwxp.] 1. Drop- 

HY-DROP'IG-AL, 5 sical ; diseased with extravasated wa- 
ter. 2. Containing water ; caused by extravasated water 
3. Resembling dropsy. — Tillotson. 

Hy-DRO-PNEU-MATIG (hy-dro-nu-mafik), a. [Gr. vSwp and 
vvevuaTiKoi.] An epithet given to a vessel of water, used 
for the collection of gases in chemical experiments. 

HY'DROP-SY. See Dropsy. 

Hy'DRO-SALT, n. A salt supposed to be formed by a hy 

HY'DRO-SGOPE, n. [Gr. {.Jwp and cKoireu).] A kind of wa- 
ter-clock ; an instrument anciently used to measure time, 
by the flowing of water through a. small orifice. 

HY-DRO-STAT'IG, ) a. [Gr vSojp and oranKoS.] Relat> 

HY-DRO-STAT'IG-AL, 5 ing to the science of weighing 
fluids, or hydrostatics. — Hydrostatic balance, a balance for 
weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertain- 
ing their specific gravities. Brande. — Hydrostatic priss, a 
machine for obtaining an enormous pressure through the 
medium of water. — Brande. 

HY-DRO-STAT'IG-AL-LY, adv. According to hydrostatics, 
or to hydrostatic principles. — Bentley. 

HY-DRO-STAT'IGS, n. The science which treats of th« 
properties and pressure of fluids at rest. 

HY-DRO-SIJLTHATE, n. The same as hydrosulphuret. 

HY-DRO-SUL'PHU-RET, n. A combination of sulphureted 
hydrogen with an earth, alkali, or metallic oxyd. 

HY-DRO-SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with sulphur 
eted hydrogen. 

HY-DRO-SUL-PHu'RIG, a. Hydrosulphuric acid is the same 
as sulphureted hydrogen, sometimes called hydrothionic 
acid. 

HY-DRO-THo'RAX, n. [Gr. ii5o)p and 3w/>^.] Dropsy in 
the chest. — Coxe. 

Hy-DROT'IG, a. [Gr. vSwp.] Causing a discharge of water 

HY-DROT'IG, n. A medicine that purges off" water. 

HY-DROX-ANTHATE, n. [Gr. b^p and \avdoi.] In chem 
istry, a compound of hydroxanthic acid with a base. [Rare.\ 



E. 1, Sec, short.— -FiR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;- -MOVE, BOQK. 



1 See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long. — &.. 



HYP 



509 



HYP 



HY-DROX-AN'THI€, a. An acid, formed by the action of 
alkalies on the deutosulphuret of carbon. [Rare] 

HY-DROX'yD, n. [Gr. vSwp, and oxyd.] A metallic oxyd 
combined with water ; a metallic hydrate. 

HY'DRU-RET, n. A combination of hydrogen destitute or 
acidity. 

HY'DRUS, n. [Gr. vowp.] A water-snake ; also, a new con- 
stellation near the South Pole. 

HY-e'MAL, a. [L. hiems.] Belonging to winter ; done in 
winter._ 

r Hy'E-MaTE, v. i. To winter at a place. 

HT-E-Ma'TION, n. [L. hiemo.] The passing or spending of 
a winter in a particular place. 

HY'EMS.n. [L.] Winter.— Shak. 

HY-E'NA, 72. [L. hycena.] A quadruped about the size of a 
dog, of a fierce and untamable character, which feeds on 
flesh, and has sometimes the name of tiger-wolf. Shaks- 
peare has hi/ en for hyena. 

Hy-ge'IAN, a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health. 

Wv-Gl-El'NA, ) n. Health, or the art or science of preserv- 

HY-Gl-El'NE, \ ing health. That department of medicine 

Hy-gI-eNE', ) which treats of the preservation of health. 

HY-Gl-ENI€, a. Pertaining to health. 

HY-GROL'OgY, n. [Gr. vypos and Xoyos-] In medicine, the 
doctrine of the fluids or humors of the body. 

Hy-GROM'E-TER, 7i. [Gr. hypos and ne-fiov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the moisture of the atmosphere. 

H¥-GRO-MET'RI€, \a. 1. Pertaining to hygrometry ; 

HY-GRO-MET'RI€-AL, 5 made by or according to the hy- 
grometer. 2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture, 
as potash. — Brande. 

Hy-GROM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the moisture 
of the air. 

HY'GRO-S€OPE, 7i. [Gr. hypos and gko-zw.] The same as 
hygrometer. 

HY-GRO-S€OP'I€, a. Pertaining to the hygroscope ; having 
the property of readily imbibing moisture from the at- 
mosphere. 

t Hy-GRO-STAT1€S, n. [Gr. vypos and otcitikt].] The sci- 
ence of comparing degrees of moisture. 

HyKE, n. [Ar.] A loose Arabian garment. See Haik. 

HY-LiE-O-SAU'RUS, n. [Gr. vXaio;, belonging to wood, and 
oavpos, a lizard.] An extinct animal, which blended the 
osteology of the crocodile and the lizard. — Mantell. [Some- 
times written hylccosaur.) 

Hy-LaR'€HI€-AL, a. [Gr. t>A?7 and apxn.] Presiding over 
matter. — Hallywell. 

Hf'LO-IST, 7i. One who believes matter to be a god, 

HY'LO-THE-ISM, 7i. [Gr. hXrj and Seos.] The doctrine or 
belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except 
matter and the universe. 

HY-LO-ZoTG, 7i. [Gr. v \rj and ^con-] One who holds matter 
to be animated. — Clarke. 

HY-LO-ZoTG, a. Pertaining to hylozoism. 

HY-LO-ZolSM, 7i. [Gr. vXn, matter, and ^y, life.] The doc- 
trine that matter possesses a species of life. — Cudworth. 

HY-LO-Zo'IST, 7i. One who holds that matter and every 
particle of it has a species of life or animation. 

HYM, 7i. A species of dog. Q_u. — Shak. 

HY'MEN, 7i. [L.] 1. In ancient mythology, a fabulous deity, 
supposed to preside over marriages. — 2. In anatomy, the 
virginal membrane. — 3. In botany, the fine pellicle which 
incloses a flower in the bud. 

* HY-MEN-E'AN \ a ' Pertamin S t0 marriage.— Pope. 

k Hy-MEN-I'An' \ n ' A marria a e son &- — Milton. 

HY-MEN-OP'TER, 71,, \ [Gr. v\inv and vrepov.] In ento- 

HY-MEN-OP'TE-RA, n.pl. j mology, terms applied to in- 
sects like the bee, having four membranous wings. 

HY-MEN-OPTER.-AL, a. Having four membranous wings. 

Hy-MEN-OPTER-OUS, a. Hyrhenopteral. 

HYMN (him), n. [L. hymnus.] A song or ode in honor of 
God, and, among pagans, in honor of some deity. 

HYMN (him), v. t. 1. To praise in song ; to worship by 
singing hymns. — Milton. 2. To sing ; to celebrate in song. 

HYMN (him), v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. 

HYMNED (himd), pp. Sung ; praised ; celebrated in song. 

HYM'NIC, a. Relating to hymns.— Donne. 

HYMNING (him'ing), ppr. Praising in song ; singing. 

HYM-NOL'0-GlST.~7?. A composer of hymns. 

HYM-NOL'O 3Y, n. [Gr. v^vos and AoyoS.] A collection of 
hymn s . — Mede. 

HY'OTD, a. A term denoting a bone of the tongue. 

hI ot CY AM?N 1 \ n - An alkaloid obtained from hen- 
f"'^"~ "- zz " ' ' ( hane, or hyoscyamus niger. 

HYP, n. [a contraction of hypochondria.'] A disease ; de- 
pression of spirits. 

HYP, v. U To make melancholy ; to depress the spirits. — 
Spectator. 

EY-P^E'THRAL, a. [Gr. viro and aidrjp-] In architecture, a 
term applied to a building or temple without a roof. 



| HY-PAL'LA-gE, 7i. [Gr. {ittuAA iyv-] In grammar, a figure 
consisting of a mutual change of cases. 

HY-PAS'PIST, n. [Gr. v-ao-mrr);.] A soldier in the armies 
of Greece, armed in a particular manner. 

HY'PER. 1. Gr. v-ep, Eng. over, is used in composition to de- 
note excess, or something over, or beyond. 2. n. A hyper- 
critic. — Prior ; [not used.] 

HY-PER-AS'PISrfT. n. [Gr. v-epaa-iams.] A defender 

HY-PER-BAT'I€, a. Transposed ; inverted. 

HY-PER'BA-TON, ti. [Gr. b-eptiarov.] In grammar, a figur- 
ative construction, inverting the natural and proper order 
of words and sentences. 

Hy-PER'BO-LA, n. [Gr. b-ep and /SnAAw.] In geometry, a 
curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting 
plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side 
of the cone makes. — Webber. 

HY-PER'BO-LE, ti. [Fr. hyperbole; Gr. v-ep6o\r).} In rhet- 
oric, a figure of speech which expresses much more or less 
than the truth, or which represents things much greater 
or less, better or worse, than they really are. 

HY-PER-BOL'I€, \ a. 1. Belonging to the hyperbola ; 

HY-PER-BOLl€-AL, 5 having the nature of the hyperbola. 
2. Relating to or containing hyperbole; exaggerating or 
diminishing beyond the fact ; exceeding the truth. 

Hy-PER-BOL1€-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the form of a hyper- 
bola. 2. With exaggeration; in a manner to express 
more or less than the truth. 

HY-PER-BOL'I-FORM, a. Having the form, or nearly the 
form, of a hyperbola. 

Hy-PER'BO-LISM, ti. The use of hyperbole.— Jefferson 

HY-PER'BO-LIST, ti. One who uses hyperboles. 

HY-PER'BO-LlZE, v. i. To speak with exaggeration. 

HY-PER/BO-LiZE, v. t. To exaggerate or extenuate. 

HY-PER'BO-LOID, ti. [hyperbola, and Gr. £ «5o?-] A sohd 
formed by the revolution of a hyperbola about its axis. 

HY-PER-BoHE-AN, a. [L. hyperboreus.] 1. Northern ; be- 
longing to or inhabiting a region very far north ; most 
northern. 2. Very cold ; frigid. 

Hy-PER-Bo'RE-AN, ti. An inhabitant of the most northern 
region of the earth. 

Hy-PER-€aR'BU-RET-ED, a. Supercarbureted ; having 
the largest proportion of carbon. — Silliman. 

HY-PER-€AT-A-LE€'TI-6, a. [Gr. v-EpicaTaXnKTiKos.] A 
hypercatalectic verse, in Greek and Latin poetry, is a verse 
which has a syllable or two beyond the regular and just 
measure. 

HY-PER-€RIT1€, ti. [Fr. hyper critique.] One who is crit- 
ical beyond measure or reason ; an over-rigid critic ; a 
captious censor. 

Hy-PER-€RITI€, \a. 1. Over-critical; critical beyond 

HY-PER-€R1T'I€-AL, 5 use or reason ; animadverting on 
faults with unjust severity. — Swift. 2. Excessively nice 
or exact. 

HY-PER-€RITT€-AL-LY, adv. In a hypercritical manner. 

HY-PER-€RITT-CISM, n. Excessive rigor of criticism. 

Hy-PER-DU'LI-A, 7i. [Gr. b-ep and cov\eia.] Super-service 
in the Roman Catholic Church, performed to the Virgin 
Marv. 

HY-PERl-€ON, 7i. John's-wort.— Stukely. 

HY-PeHI-ON, ti. Apollo, the god of day, distinguished for 
his beauty. [Pronounced Hyperi'on in the classics.] 

HY-PER'ME-TER, 7i. [Gr. v-ep and fierpov.] Any thing 
greater than the ordinary standard of measure ; [applied, 
particularly, to a verse in poetry which has a redundant 
syllable.] 

Hy-PER-MET'RI€-AL, a. Exceeding the common meas- 
ure ; having a redundant syllable. 

Hy-PER-OR'THO-DOX-Y, 7i. Orthodoxy carried to excess. 

Hy-PER-OXTD, ti. [Gr. b-ep, and oxyd.] That which has 
an excess of oxvgen ; a superoxvd. 

Hy-PER-OXY*-gEN-a-TED, \ a. Super-saturated with oxy- 

Hy-PER-OXY-gEN-IZED, 5 gen. [06s.] 

HY-PER-OX-Y-Mu'RI-ATE, ti. The same as chlorate, [Obs.] 

HY-PER-OX-Y-MU-RI-ATI€, a. The hypcrorymuratic acid 
is the chloric acid. [06s.] 

HY-PER-PHYS'I€-AL, a. Supernatural. 

Hy-PER-SaR-€o'SIS, ti, [Gr. v-'p™pKucts.] Fungous or 
proud flesh. 

HY'PER-STENE, \n. [Gr. v-ep and ndevos.] A mineral, 

HY'PER-STHENE, 5 Labrador hornblende, or Schiller 
spar ; a foliated variety of either augite or hornblende, 
verv difficult to break. 

HY-PER-STHENTG, a. Composed of or containing hyper 
sthene. 

HY-PER-THYR1-ON, ti. [Gr. v-ep and $vpiov.] That part 
of the architrave over a door or window. 

HY-PER-TROPHTC-AL, a. Producing or tending to pro- 
duce hypertrophy. 

HY-PER'TRO-PHY, n. [Gr. v-ep and rpoabn.] The enlarge- 
ment of a part of the body from excess of nourishment. 

Hf'PHEN, 7i. [Gr. i<ptv.] In writing or printing, a charac- 
ter, thus (-), implying that two words or syllables are to 
be connected. 



DOVE j -BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt'CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



HYP 



510 



fTYP-NOT'I€, a. [Gr. i-nvosA Having the quality of produc- 
ing sleep ; tending to produce sleep ; sopoi-ific. 

ttYP-NOTIC, n. A medicine that produces or tends to pro- 
duce sleep ; an opiate ; a soporific. 

H? TO, a Greek preposition, irro, under, beneath ; [used in 
composition.] Thus, kyposulphuric acid is an acid contain- 
ing less oxygen than sulphuric acid. 

Hi -POB'O-LE, n. [Gr. v~o and [JaXXw.] In rhetoric, a figure 
in which several things are mentioned that seem to make 
against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, and 
each of them is refuted in order. 

tfYP'O-CAUST, n. [Gr. vttokuvcjtov.] 1. Among the Greeks 
and Romans, a subterraneous place where was a furnace 
to heat baths. — 2. Among the moderns, the place where a 
fire is kept to wai'm a stove or a hot-house. 

IIYP-0-GHON'DR£S, n. pi, \ _ „ 

HYP-0-€HON'DRY. n. \ Sce Hypochondria. 

HYP-O-CHON'DRI-A, n. [Gr., from vtto and X ovSpo S .] 1. 
In anatomy, the sides of the belly under the cartilages 
of the spurious ribs ; the spaces on each side of the epi- 
gastric region. 2. Hypochondriac complaints, a combina- 
tion of melancholia and dyspepsia, consisting in gloomy 
ideas of life, dejection of spirits, and indisposition to activ- 
ity. The technical name is hypochondriasis. 

* HYP-0-€HON'DRI-A€, a. 1. Pertaining to the hypochon- 

dria, or the parts of the body so called. 2. Affected by a 
disease, attended with debility, depression of spirits, or 
melancholy. 3. Producing melancholy or low spirits. 

* HYP-O-CHON'DRI-AC, n. A person affected with debility, 
lowness of spirits, or melancholy. 

* HYP-0-€HON-DRlA€-AL, a. The same as hypochondriac. 
HYP-0-€HON-DRlA€-AL-LY, adv. In a hypochondriacal 

manner. 

HYP-O-CHON-DRIA-CISM, n. A disease characterized by 
languor or debility, depression of spirits, or melancholy, 
with dyspepsy. 

HYP-O-CHON-DRIA-SIS, n. Hypochondriacism. 

HYP-O-CIST'IS, n. [Gr. vkokiotis.} An inspissated juice ob- 
tained from the cytinus hyposistis, of an astringent nature. 

HY-PO-€RA-TER'I-FORM, a. [Gr. i™, uparyp. and form.] 
Salver-shaped ; [applied to a calyx, corol, <fcc, of which 
the tube is long and slender, and the limb fiat.] — Lindley. 

HY-POCRI-SY, n. [Yv.hypocrisie; L. hypocrisis ; Gr. vtxok- 
piais-] I- Simulation ; a feigning to be what one is not ; 
or dissimulation, a concealment of one's real character or 
motives; a counterfeiting of religion. 2. Simulation; de- 
ceitful appearance ; false pretense. 

HYP'O-CRlTE, n. [Fr. hypocrite ; Gr. vnoKpirei.] 1. One who 
feigns to be what he is not ; one who has the form of godli- 
ness without the power, or who assumes an appearance' 
of piety and virtue, when he is destitute of true religion. 
2. A dissembler ; one who assumes a false appearance. 

HYP-0-€RIT'I€, \ a. 1. Simulating ; counterfeiting a 

HYP-O-CRITIC-AL, ) religious character ; assuming a 
false and deceitful appearance. 2. Dissembling ; conceal- 
ing one's real character or motives. 3. Proceeding from 
hypocrisy, or marking hvpocrisy. 

HYP-O-CRITTC-AL-LY, adv. With simulation ; with a false 
appearance of what is good ; falsely ; without sincerity. 

HY-PO-GASTRIC, a. [Gr. vtto and } aartip.] 1. Relating to 
the hypogastrium, or middle part of the lower region of the 
belly. 2. An appellation given to the internal branch of 
the iliac artery. 

HY-PO-GAS'TRO-CELE, n. [Gr. vzoyaarpiov and ktjXtjA A 
hernia through the walls of the lower belly. — Coxe. 

HYP'OdENE, a. [Gr. v;zo and yivo^ai.] A term applied to 
a class of rocks which have not assumed their present 
form and structure on the surface of the earth, but have 
apparently been thrust up from below, such as granite, 
gneiss, <fec. — Lyell. 

Hy-PO-6e'UM, n. [Gr. vtto and yaia or yvA A name given 
by ancient architects to all the parts of a building which 
were under ground. 

EIYP'O-GYN, n. A hypogynous plant. 

HY-PO(i'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. vtto and yvvn.] In botany, grow- 
ing from below the base of the ovary. — Lindley. 

HY-PO-Nl'TROUS ACID, n. An acid composed of nitrogen 
and oxygen, but containing less oxygen than nitrous acid. 

ElY-PO-PHOS'PHlTE, n. A compound of hypophosphorous 
acid and a salifiable base. — Ure. ' 

HY-PO-PHOSTHOR-OUS, a. The hypophosphorous acid 
centains less oxygen than the phosphorous. 

'lY-Po'PI-UM, n. [Gr. vtto and ttvov.] An effusion of pus 
into the anterior chamber of the eye, or that chamber 
which contains the cornea. 

HY-POS'TA-SIS, n. [L. hypostasis.] Properly, subsistence 
or substance. Hence, it is used to denote* distinct sub- 
stance, or subsistence of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, 
in the Godhead ; called, by the Greek Christians, three 
hypostases. 

Hy-PO-STATIC, ) a. 1. Relating to hypostasis ; consti- 

HY-PO-STATIC-AL, 5 tutive. 2. Personal, or distinctly 
personal ; o r con stituting a distinct substance. 



HY-PO-STATIC-AL-LY, adv. Personally. 

HY-PO-SUL'PHATE, n. A compound of hyposulphuric acid 
and a base. 

HY-PO-SUL'PHlTE, n. A compound of hyposulphuroua 
acid and a salifiable base. 

HY-PO-SUL-PHu'RI€, a. Hyposulphuric acid is an acid 
combination of sulphur and oxygen, intermediate between 
sulphurous and sulphuric acids.— Ure. 

HY-PO-SUL'PHUR-OUS, a. Hyposulphurous acid is an acid 
containing less oxygen than sulphurous acid. 

HY-POTE-NuSE, n. [Gr. viroravovaa.] In geometry, the 
subtense or longest side of a right-angled triangle, or the 
line that subtends the right angle. 

Hy-POTH'E-€aTE, v. t. [L. hypotheca.] 1. To pledge, and, 
properly, to pledge the keel of a ship, as security for a debt 
or money borrowed. 2. To pledge, in general, for the se- 
curity of a creditor, as goods, stocks, &c. 

Hy-POTH'E-€a-TED, pp. Pledged, as security for money 
borrowed. 

Hy-POTH'E-€a-TING, ppr. Pledging as security. 

Hy-POTH'E-€a'TION, n. The act of pledging as a security 
for debt, without parting with the immediate possession 
differing in this last particular from the simple pledge. 
Brande. 

HY-POTH'E-€a-TOR. n. One who pledges a ship or other 
property, as security for the repayment of money bop- 
rowed. — Judge Johnson. 

HY-POTH'E-NuSE, n. Hypotenuse, which see. 

HY-POTH'E-SIS, n. [L.] 1. A supposition ; something not 
proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument. 2. A 
system or theory imagined or assumed to account for 
what is not understood. 

HY-PO-THETI€, \a. Including a supposition ; condi 

HY-PO-THETIC-AL, 5 tional ; assumed without proof, far 
the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof.— Hypothet- 
ical baptism, see Baptism. 

Hy-PO-THET'1€-AL-L Y, adv. By way of supposition. 

HY-PO-TtP-o'SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, imagery ; a descrip 
tion of things in strong or lively colors. 

HYPPED (hipt), pp. Made melancholy. 

HYP'PISH, a. Affected with hypochondria. 

HYRSE (hurs), n. [Ger. hirse.] Millet. 

HYRST, n. A wood. See Hurst. 

HY'SON, n. A species of green tea from China. 

* HYS'SOP (hi'zup or his'sup), n. [L. hyssopus.] A plant, or 
genus of plants. 

HYS-TER'IC, \a. [Fr. hysterique.] Disordered in the 

HYS-TER'I€-AL, 3 region of the womb ; troubled with fits 
or nervous affections. 

HYS-TER'ICS, n. A disease characterized by convulsive 
struggling, sense of suftbeation, drowsiness, and fickleness 
of temper. [In medical authors, written hysteria.] 

HYS-TER'O-CELE, n. [Gr. varepa and KnXrj.] A species ol 
hernia, containing the womb. 

HYS-TER-OL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. varepos and Aoyo?.] In rhetoric, 
a figure by which the ordinary course of thought is in- 
verted in expression, and the last put first. It is the same 
as hysteron proteron. 

HYSTER-ON PROTER-ON, n. [Gr. varcpov and rrporepov.] 
In grammar, a figure in which the word that should follow 
comes first ; as, valet atque vivit, he is well and lives. 
Hence, it is sometimes used to denote an anachronism, or 
the putting of a later historical event before an earlier one. 

HYS-TER-OT'0-MY, n. [Gr. varepa and tout}.] In surgery, 
the Csesarean section, or cutting a fetus irom the womb 

HyTHE, n. A port. See Hithe. 



I is the ninth letter, and the third vowel, of the English 
alphabet. This vowel, in French, and in most European 
languages, has the long, fine sound which we express by 
e in me, or ee in seen, meek. This sound we retain in some 
foreign words which are naturalized in our language, as 
in machine, intrigue. But, in most English words, this long 
sound is shortened, as in holiness, pity, gift. — The sound 
of i long, as in find, kind, arise, is diphthongal. — This let 
ter enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign, 
vein, friend ; and with o in oil, join, coin, it helps to form 
a proper diphthong. No English word ends with i, but 
when the sound of the letter occurs at the end of a word, 
it is expressed by y : alkali, banditti, and a few other words 
of foreign origin, are the only exceptions. 

As ^.numeral, I signifies one, and stands for as many units as 
it is repeated in times ; as, II, two, III, three, &c. Among 
the ancient Romans, 10 stood lor 500; CIO, for 1000; 
IOO, for 5000 ; CCIOO, for 10,000 ; IOOO, for 50,000 , and 
CCCIOOO, for 100,000. 

I, formerly prefixed to some English words, as in ibuilt, is 
a contraction of the Saxon prefix ge ; and, more general 
ly, this was written y. 



See. Synopsis. A, E, f. &c, long.— 1, 1, i, <fcc. short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, Bf RD ;— M5VE, BOOK. 



1CH 



511 



IDE 



Zpron. [Sax ic; Goth., D. ik ; Ger.ich; Sw.jag; Dan.jeg; 
Gr. eyu) ; L. ego ; Port, eu ; Sp. yo ; It. io ; Fr. je.] The 
pronoun of the first person ; the word which expresses 
one's self, or that by which a speaker or writer denotes 
himself. It is only the nominative case of the pronoun ; 
in the objective we use me , as, I am attached to study ; 
study delights me. In the plural, we use we and us, which 
appear to be words radically distinct from I. — In the early 
editions of Shakspeare, ay or aye was written I, but this 
use has long been obsolete. 

f-AM'BIG, a. [Fr. iambique ; L. iambicus.] Pertaining to the 
iambus, a poetic foot. 

I-AM'BIC, ^ n. [L. iambus ; Gr. tauBoS ■] In poetry, a foot 

I-AM'BUS, > consisting of two syllables, the first short and 
the last long, as in delight. — The following line consists 
wholly of iambic feet : 

He scorns I the force | that dares | his fu|ry stay. 

f-AM'BI€-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of iambics. 

£-AM'BI€S, n. pi. Verses composed of short and long syl- 
lables alternately. Anciently, certain songs or satires, sup- 
posed to have given birth to ancient comedy. 

tA-TRO-LEP'TIC, a. [Gr. taT pos and aXcicpu.] That which 
cures by anointing. 

f'BEX, n. [L. ] A species of goat, the capra ibex, having 
large horns, bent backward, with a flattened anterior sur- 
face, and marked with prominent transverse ridges or 
knots. It inhabits the Alps, Pyrenees, &c. — Brande. 

IB'ID. A contraction of ibidem, which see. 

IB-I'DEM. [L.] In the same place. 

I'BIS, n. [Gr. and L.] A genus of birds, found more partic- 
ularly in warm climates. They are capable of a powerful 
and elevated flight. The ibis religiosa of Cuvier is the 
most remarkable species, and was regarded in ancient 
Egypt almost with adoration. 

I-€a'RI-AN, a. [from Icarus.] Adventurous in flight ; soar- 
ing too high for safety, like Icarus. 

ICE, n. [Sax. is, isa ; Ger. eis.] 1. Water or other fluid con- 
gealed, or in a solid state. 2. Concreted sugar. — To break 
the ice, is to make the first opening to any attempt. 

ICE, v. t. 1. To cover with ice ; to convert into ice. 2. To 
cover with concreted sugar ; to frost. 3. To chill ; to freeze. 

ICE'-BiRD (-burd), n. A bird of Greenland. 

ICE'-BLINK, n. A name given by seamen to a bright ap- 
pearance near the horizon, occasioned by the ice, and ob- 
served before the ice itself is seen. 

ICE'-BoAT, n. 1. A strong boat, commonly propelled by 
steam, used to break a passage through ice. 2. A boat for 
sailing on the surface of ice, used in Holland.— Hebert. 

ICE-BOUND, a. In sea?nen , s language, totally surrounded 
with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing. 

ICE'-BUILT, a. 1. Composed of ice. 2. Loaded with ice. 

ICE'-€Re AM, n. Cream flavored and congealed by a freez- 
ing mixture. Sometimes, instead of cream, the materials 
of a custard are used. 

ICE-FALLS, n. pi. Falls composed of ice.— Coleridge. 

ICE'-FLoE, n. A large mass of floating ice. 

ICE'-GLaZJED, a. Glazed or incrusted with ice. — Coleridge. 

ICE'-HOUSE, n. A repository for the preservation of ice 
during warm weather. 

ICE'-iSLE (ise'-ile), n. A vast body of floating ice. 

SCE'-PLaIN, n. A plain of ice. — Coleridge. 

ICE'-PLANT, n. A plant of the genus mesembryanthemum, 
whose leaves appear as if covered with frost. 

y5£'~ SPA11, n - A variety of feldspar. 

f rrt TON GS) n - ? l - Lar S e hooked nippers, for handling ice. 

IC. BERG, n - [ice, and Ger. berg.] A hill or mountain of 

*™l Y a Vast bod y of floating ice. 

Tr v t x^ R ' n ' A native of Iceland - 

IL/JK- -L AJSD'l^ a Pertaining to Iceland; and, as a noun, 

™™ A a SW e of the Icelanders. 

ICE LAND-MOfeS, n. A kind of lichen common in the 
mountainous districts of Europe. It is tonic and nutri- 
tive. — Brande. 

ICE'LAND-SPAR, n . A variety of calcareous spar, or car- 
bonate ot lime. 

Wl i£ lE ^ N - (eeh fe>v t Ger -] Literally, I serve ; the motto 
of the Prince of Wales.— grartde 

I€H-NE0'MON, n. [L.] An animal of the genus viverra, a 
native of Egypt, resembling in its habits the ferret, and 
feeding on the eggs of crocodiles, on mice, and other 
small animals.- Ichnemnon fly, the name of a large genus 
of insects distinguished for their preyinsr upon other in- 
sects, as the ichneumon does upon crocodile egt*s 

l€H-NEU-MON'I-DAN, a. Relating to the ichneumonidse, a 
family of predaceous insects. 

I€H-NO-GRAPH'I€, } a. Pertaining to ichno^anhv ■ 

I€H-NO-GRAPH'I€-AL, 5 describing a ground-plo°t ' 

ICH-NOG'RA-PHY, n, [Gr. lX vo<; and ypaQr,.] In drawing, 
a plan ; a horizontal section of a building, or other object, 
showing its true dimensions according to a geometric 
scale.— Hebert. 

E'CHOR, n. [Gr. i X wp.] 1. A thin, watery humor, like se- 
rum or whey. 2. Colorless matter flowing from an ulcer. 



l'€HOR-OUS, a. Like ichor ; thin ; watery ; serous. 

ICH'THY-O-COL, \ n. [Gr. L X 6vi and K oX\a.] Fish-glue, 

ICH'THY-O-COL-LA, J isinglass ; a glue prepared from 
the sounds offish. 

ICH-THY-O-DOR'U-LiTE, n. [Gr. i X dvs, dopv, and XiOoi.\ 
The fossil dorsal spine of certain fishes. 

I€H-THY-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. i X 6vs and yp a <pu.] A treat- 
ise on fishes. 

I€H'THY-OID, a. [Gr. i X 6vS and citos.] A term applied t< 
saurians, having many of the characters of a fish.— P. Cyc. 

ICH'THY-O-LlTE, n. [Gr. i X 6vs and Xi6o S .] Fossil fish ; or 
the figure or impression ot a fish in rock. 

I€H-THY-0-LOG'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to ichthyology. 

ICH-THY-OL'O-GlST, n. One versed in ichthyology. 

ICH-THY-OL'O-gY, n. [Gr. i X 6vs and Xoyo S .] The scienc* 
of fishes, or that part of zoology which treats of fishes. 

ICH'THY-O-MAN-CY, n. Divination by the heads of fishes. 

ICH-THY-OPH'A-GIST, n, [Gr. i X dvs and 0ayw.] One who 
eats or subsists on fish. 

ICH-THY-OPHA.-GOUS, a. [Gr. t X 0vS and faya.] Eating 
or subsisting on fish. 

I€H-THY-OPH'A-GY, n. The practice of eating fish. 

ICH-THY-OPH-THAL'MITE, n. [Gr. i X QvS and o<pdaX^oi.] 
Fish-eye-stone. See Apophyllite. 

I€H-THY-0-SAU'RUS, n. [Gr. i X 6vS and cavpos.] The fish- 
lizard, an extinct marine animal, whose skeleton combines 
in its structure the characteristics of a fish with those of a 
crocodile. [Sometimes written ichthyosaur.] — P. Cyc. 

ICH-THY-O'SIS, n. [Gr.] A roughness and thickness of the 
skin, with a tendency to excrescences.— Brande. 

I'CI-€LE (i'sik-kl), n. [Sax. ises-gecel ; D. yskegel.] A pend- 
ent, conical mass of ice, formed by the freezing of water 
or other fluid, as it flows down an inclined plane, or col- 
lects in drops and is suspended. — In the North of England, 
it is called ickle. 

I'CI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being icy, or of being very 
cold. 2. The state of generating ice. 

I'CING, ppr. 1. Covering with ice. 2. Covering with con 
creted sugar. 

I'CING, n. A covering of concreted sugar. 

tl'CON, n. [Gr. uku>v.] An image or representation. 

I'CON-ISM, n. [Gr.] A figure or representation. — More, 

I-CON'O-CLASM, n. The act of breaking or destroying 
images. 

I-CON'O-CLAST, n. [Fr. iconoclaste.] A breaker or de- 
stroyer of images. 

I-CON-O-CLAST'IC, a. Breaking images. 

I-€ON-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. zitcuv and ypa^w.] The de- 
scription of images. 

I-€ON-OL'A-TER, n. [Gr. ukwv and Xarpevs.] One who 
worships images ; a name given to the Roman Catholics. 

I-CON-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ukuv and Xoyos.] The doctrine 
of images or representations. — Johnson. 

I-CO-SA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. cikooi and edpa.] Having twen- 
ty equal sides or faces. 

I-€0-SA-Hk'DRON, n. A regular solid of twenty equal tri- 
angular sides or faces. 

I-CO-SAN'DRI-A, n. pi. [Gr. einoai and avrip.] In botany, a 
class of plants having twenty or more stamens inserted in 
the calyx. 

I-CO-SAN'DRI-AN, \a. Pertaining to the class icosandria; 

I-CO-SAN'DROUS, ) having twenty or more stamens in- 
serted in the calyx. 

IC-TER'IC, 7i. A remedy for the jaundice. — Swift. 

I€-TER'IC, ? a. [L. ictericus.] 1. Affected with the jaun 

I€-TER'I€-AL, 5 dice. 2. Good in the cure of the jaundice. 

I€-TE-Rl"TIOUS (-rish'us), a. [L. icterus.] Yellow ; having 
the color of the skin when it is aft'ected by the jaundice. 

I'CY, a. 1. Abounding with ice. 2. Cold ■ frosty. 3. Made 
of ice. 4. Resembling ice ; chilling. 5. Cold ; frigid ; 
destitute of affection or passion. 6. Indifferent ; unaflect 
ed ; backward. — Shak. 

1'CY-PEARL.ED, a. Studded with spangles of ice. 

ID., contracted from idem. 

I'D, contracted from I would, or I had. 

I-De'A, n. [L. idea.] 1. Literally, that which is seen ; hence, 
form, image, model of any thing in the mind ; that which 
is held or comprehended by the understanding.— 2. In 
popular use, idea signifies notion, conception, thought, 
opinion, and even purpose or intention. 3. Image in the 
mind. 4. An opinion ; a proposition. 

I-De'AL, a. 1. Existing in idea or conception ; as, ideal ex 
cellence. 2. Existing in fancy or imagination only ; as. 
ideal good. 3. That considers ideas as images, phantasms, 
or forms in the mind ; as, the ideal philosophy. — Syn. In- 
tellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal. 

I-De'A-LESS, a. [idea and less.] Destitute of ideas. — Allan 

I-De'AL-ISM, n. The system or theory that makes every 
thing to consist in ideas, and denies the existence of mate- 
rial bodies. — Walsh. 

I-DeAL-IST, n. One who holds the doctrine of idetlism. 

I-DE-AL'I-TY, 7i. A lively imagination, united to a love of 
the beautiful, forming, in its higher exercises, one of the 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOTJS — C as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



IDL 



M2 



1GN 



chief constituents of creative genius in poetry and th > fi^-e 
arts. — Combe. 

f-DE-AL-I-ZATION, n. The act of forming in idea. 

I-DK'AL-lZE, v. i. To form ideas. 

i-De'AL-LY, adv. Intellectually ; mentally ; in idea. 

t 1-De'aTE, v. t. To form in idea; to fancy. — Donne. 

T'DEM. [L.] The same. 

I-DENTIG, ? a. [Fr. identique.] The same ; not diffor- 

I-DENTIC-AL, I ent. 

I-DEN'TI€-AL-LY, adv. With sameness.— Ross. 

I-DENTIC-AL-NESS, n. Sameness. 

I-DEN-TI-FI-CITION, n. The act of making or proving to 
be the same. 

I-DENTI-FLED, pp. Ascertained or made to be the same. 

I-DEN'TI-FY, v. t. [L. idem and facio.] 1. To ascertain or 
prove to be the same. 2. To make to be the same ; to 
unite or combine in such a manner as to make one inter- 
est, purpose, or intention ; to treat as having the same use ; 
to consider as the same in effect. 

I-DENT1-FY, v. i. To become the same ; to coalesce in in- 
terest, purpose, use, effect, &c. — Burke. 

I-DENT1-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Ascertaining or proving to be the 
same. 2. Making the same in interest, purpose, use, effi- 
cacy, &c. 

I-DENTI-TY, ft. [Fr. identite.] Sameness, as distinguished 
from similitude and diversity. 

ID-E-O-GRAPH'IC, ) a. [idea and Gr. ypafu).] Repre- 

ID-E-OGRAPH'I€-AL, 5 senting ideas independently of 
sound ; as the digit 9, which, to an Englishman, represents 
nine, and to a Frenchman, nenf. — Brande. 

ID-E-O-LOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to ideology. 

ID-E-OL'O-GIST, n. One who treats of ideas. 

ID-E-OL'O-GY, n. [idea and Gr. Aoy ( ;?.] 1. A treatise on 
ideas, or the doctrine of ideas, or the operations of the un- 
derstanding. — Jefferson. 2. The science of mind. — Stewart. 

IDES, n. pi. [L. idits.] In the ancient Roman calendar, the 
• 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th 
day of the other months. Eight days in each month often 
pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the 
others being called the day before the ides, the third from 
the ides, and so on backward to the eighth from the ides. 

ID EST. [L.] That is. 

ID-I-OC'RA-SY, n. [Gr. iSios and K paai?.] Peculiarity of 
constitution ; that temperament or state of constitution 
which is peculiar to a person. 

ID-I-0-€RAT'I€, 

ID-I-0-€RAT'I€-AL 

ID'I-O-CY, n. [Gr. «Waa.] 
properly, a natural defect. 

ID-I-O-E-LECTRIC, n. [Gr. iSios and electric] Electric 
per se, or containing electricity in its natural state. 

ID'I-OM, n. [Fr. idiome ; L. idioma.] 1. A mode of expres- 
sion peculiar to a language ; peculiarity of expression or 
phraseology. 2. The genius or peculiar cast of a language. 
3. Dialect 

ID-I-O-MAT'IC, ) a. Peculiar to a language ; pertaining 

ID-I-O-MATIC-AL, V to the particular genius or modes of 
expression which belong to a language. 

ID-I-O-MAT'IG-AL-LY, adv. According to the idiom of a 
language. 

ED-I-O-PATH'IG, a. Pertaining to, or indicating a disease 
not produced by any preceding disease ; opposed to symp- 
tomatic. 

ID-I-OPATH'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an idiopath- 
ic disease. 

ID-I-OPA-THY, ft. [Gr. iStog and nadog.] 1. A morbid state 
or condition not produced by any preceding disease. 2. 
Peculiar affection. 

ID-I-O-RE-PUL'SlVE, a. Repulsive by itself. 

ID-I-O-SYN'CRA-SY, ft. [Gr. i6iog, cvv, and K panig.) Peculi- 
arity of constitution; that temperament or constitution of 
body or mind which is peculiar to an individual, and which 
more or less affects his character and actions. 
ID-I-0-SyN-€RATI€, a. Of peculiar temper or disposition. 
ID'I-OT, ft. [L. idiota ; Gr. j(5t wr*??.] 1. A natural fool, or 
fool from his birth. 2. A foolish person ; one unwise. 

ID'1-OT-CY, n. State of being an idiot. 

tS jQ-p/jpAT \ a - Like an idiot ; foolish ; sottish. 

ID-I-OTIC-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of an idiot. 

ID-I-OT'I-€ON, ft. [Gr.] A dictionary of a particular dia- 
lect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a 
country —Brande. 

ID'I-OT-ISH, a. Like an idiot ; partaking of idiocy ; fool- 
ish. — Paley. 

fD'I-OT-ISM, ft. [Fr. idiotisme.] 1. An idiom; a peculiarity 
of expression ; a mode of expression peculiar to a lan- 
guage ; a peculiarity in the structure of words and phrases. 
2. Idiocy ; [unusual and improper.] 

ID'I-OT-lZE, v. i. To become stupid. — Pers. Letters. 

PDLE, a. [Sax. idel, ydel.] 1. Not employed with business ; 
doing nothing. 2. Given to rest and ease ; averse to labor 
or employment. 3. Affording leisure ; not occupied ; as, 



Peculiar in constitution. 

A defect of understanding 



idle moments. 4. Remaining without use or employment', 
as, my pen is idle. 5. Without power or effect; as, idle 
efforts. 6. Unfruitful ; barren • not productive of good ; 
[obs.] 7. Of no use or importance ; as, an idle tale. 8. 
Not tending to edification ; as, idle discourse. — Idle differs 
from lazy ; the latter implying constitutional or habitual 
aversion or indisposition to labor or action ; whereas idle, 
in its proper sense, denotes merely unemployed. An in- 
dustrious man may be idle, but he can not be lazy. — Syn. 
Unoccupied ; unemployed ; vacant ; inactive ; indolent ; 
sluggish ; slothful ; useless ; ineffectual ; futile ; frivolous ; 
vain ; trifling ; unprofitable ; unimportant. 

I'DLE, v. i. 1 o lore or spend time in inaction, or without 
being employed in business. — To idle away, in a transitive 
sense, to spend in idleness. 

I'DLE-HEAD-ED (I'dl-hed-ed), a. 1. Foolish ; unreasona- 
ble. — Carew. 2. Delirious : infatuated : [little used.] 

I'DLE-Pa-TED, a. Idle-headed; stupid!— Overbury. 

I'DLE-NESS, ft. 1. Abstinence from labor or employment ; 
the state of a person who is unemployed; the state of 
doing nothing. 2. Aversion to labor ; reluctance to be 
employed, or to exertion either of body or mind. 3. Un- 
importance ; trivialness. — Shak. 4. Inefficacy ; useless- 
ness ; [little used.] 5. Barrenness ; worthlessness ; [UttvO 
used.] 6. Emptiness ; foolishness ; infatuation ; as, idi • 
ness of brain. — Bacon ; [little used.] — Syn. Inaction ; indo- 
lence ; sluggishness ; sloth ; laziness. 

I'DLER, ft. 1. One who does nothing ; one who spends hi* 
time in inaction. 2. A lazy person ; a sluggard. 

t I'DLES-BY (i'dlz-), ft. An idle or lazy person. — Whitlock, 

I'DLING, ppr. Spending in idleness or inaction, 

I'DLY, adv. 1. In an idle manner ; without employment 
2. Lazily ; sluggishly. 3. Foolishly ; uselessly ; i^ a triflia, 
way. 4. Carelessly ; without attention. 5. Vainly ; i» 
effectually. 

ID'O-CRASE, ft. [Gr. idea and KpaciS-] A mineral occut 
ring either massive or in modified square prisms, present 
ing a handsome brown or brownish-yellow color. It con 
sists essentially of silica, alumina, and lime. — Dana. 

I'DOL, n. [Fr. idole; It., Sp. idolo.) 1. An image, form, oi 
representation, usually of a man or other animal, conse 
crated as an object of worship ; a pagan deity. 2. Ai 
image. — Dryden. 3. A person loved and honored to ado 
ration. 4. Any thing on which we set our affections inor 
dinately. 5. A representation ; [not in use.] 

I-DOLA-TER, ft. [Fr. idolatre ; L. idolatra.] 1. A worship 
er of idols ; one who worships as a deity that which u 
not God ; a pagan. 2. An adorer ; a great admirer. — Hurd 

I-DOLA-TRESS, ft. A female worshiper of idols. 

t I-DO-LAT'RI€-AL, a. Tending to idolatry. 

I-DOLA-TRiZE, v. i. To worship idols. 

1-DOL'A-TRlZE, v. t. To adore ; to worship.— Ainsworlh. 

1-DOL'A-TRlZ.ED, pp. Worshiped; adored. 

I-DOLA-TRlZ-ING, ppr. Adoring; worshiping. 

I-DOLA-TROUS, a. 1. Pertaining to idolatry ; partaking 
of the nature of idolatry, or of the worship of false gods ; 
consisting in the worship of idols. 2. Consisting in, or 
partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence. 

I-DOLA-TROUS-LY, adv. In an idolatrous manner. 

I-DOL'A-TRY, ft. [Fr. idolatrie ; L. idololatria.] 1. The woi 
ship of idols, images, or any thing made by hands, or 
which is not God. 2. Excessive attachment or veneration 
for any thing, or that which borders on adoration. 

ITJOL-ISH, a. Idolatrous.— Milton. 

I'DOL-ISM, ft. The worship of idols.— Milton. [Little used.] 

I'DOL-IST. ft. A worshiper of images. [A poetical word.] 

I'DOL-IZE. v. t. To love to excess ; to love or reverence 
to adoration. 

I'DOL-lZED, pp. or a. Loved or reverenced to adoration. 

I'DOL-lZ-ER, n. One who idolizes or loves to reverence. 

I'DOL-lZ-ING, ppr. Loving or revering to sn excess bor 
_dering on adoration. 

t I'DOL-OUS, a. Idolatrous.— Bale. 

I-Do'NE-OUS, a. [L. idoneus.] Fit ; suitable ; proper , con- 
venient ; adequate. — Boyle. [Little used.] 

ID'RI-A-LIN, n, A bituminous substance obtained from the 
quicksilver mines of Idria. — Brande. 

I'DYL, ft. [L. idyllium.} A short poem ; properly, a short 
pastoral poem ; as, the idyls of Theocritus. 

I. E. stands for L. id est, thai is. 

IF, v. t., imperative, contracted from Sax. gif, from gifan, 
to give (commonly, though not correctly, classed among 
conjunctions). 1. It introduces a conditional sentence. 2 
Whether or not. . , , _ , , . . 

i'FAlTH', adv. [abbreviation of in faith.] Indeed ; truly .- 
Shak. „ , , . -.-' ■ .■ 

IG-A-Su'RIC ACID, ft. An acid found combined with 
strychnine in mix vomica and St. Ignatius's bean. — Brande. 

t IG-NI'RO, ft. [L.] A term formerly used for blockhead. 

IG'NE-OUS, a. [L. igneus.] 1. Pertaining to, or consisting 
of, fire. 2. Containing fire ; having the nature of fire. 3. 
Resembling fire.— 4. In geology, proceeding from the ac 
tion of fire. 



Su Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, E, I, Sua., short.- FAR, PALI. WHAT:— PBEY —MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



ILE 



513 



ILL 



IG-NES'CENT, a. [L. ignescens.] Emitting sparka of fire 
when struck with steel ; scintillating. 

IG-NES'CENT, n. A stone or mineral that gives out sparks 
when struck with steel or iron. 

[G-NIF'ER-OUS, n. Producing fire. 

rCNI-Fi j?D, pp. Formed into fire. 

IG-NIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. ignifluus.] Flowing with fire. 

'GNI-FY. v. t. [L. ignis and facio.] To form into fire. 

'G'NI-Fy JNG, ppr. Forming into fire. 

iG-NI&'E-NOUS, a. [L. ignis, and Gr. yevvaw.] Produced 
by fire. 

IG-NIP'O-TENT, a. [L. ignis and potens.] Presiding over 
fire. — Pope. 

TG'NIS FAT'U-US, n. ; pi. Ignes Fatui. [L.] A meteor 
or light that appears in the night, over marshy grounds, 
supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of an- 
imal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable 
gas ; vulgarly called Will with the wisp, and Jack with a 
lantern. 

IG-NlTE'. v. t. [L. ignis.] 1. To kindle or set on fire. 2. 
More generally, to nriuiunicate fire to, or to render lu- 
minous or red by heat. 

IG-NlTE', v. i. To take fire ; to become red with heat. 

IG-NlT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Set on fire. 2. Rendered red or 
luminous by heat or fire. 
IG-NiT'I-BLE, a. Capable of being ignited. 

IG-NlT'ING, ppr. 1. Setting on fire ; becoming red with 
heat. 2. Communicating fire to ; heating to redness. 

IG-NI"TION (ig-nish'un), n. 1. The act of kindling or set- 
ting on fire. 2. The act or operation of communicating i 
fire or heat, till the substance becomes red or luminous. 
3. The state of being kindled; more generally, the state of 
being heated to redness or luminousness. 4. Calcina- 
tion. 

IG-NIV'O-MOUS, a. [L. ignivomus.] Vomiting fire. 

\ IG-NO-BIL'I-TY, n. Ignohleness.— Ball. 

IG-No'BLE, a. [Fr., from L. ignobilis.} 1. Of low birth or 
family ; not noble ; not illustrious. 2. Of low and worth- 
less properties ; as, ignoble plants. — Shak. 3. Not honora- 
ble, elevated, or generous ; [applied to feelings and actions.] 
— Syn. Degenerate ; degraded ; mean ; base ; dishonora- 
ble ; reproachful ; disgraceful ; shameful ; scandalous ; in- 
famous. 

IG-No'BLE-NESS, n. Want of dignity ; meanness. 

IG-No'BLY, adv. 1. Of low family or birth. 2. Meanly ; 
dishonorably; reproachfully; disgracefully; basely. 

IG-NO-MINI-OUS, a. [L. ignominiosus.] 1. Incurring dis- 
grace ; cowardly ; of mean character. 2. Very shameful ; 
reproachful ; dishonorable : infamous. 3. "Despicable ; 
worthy of contempt. 

IG-NO-MIN1-OUS-LY, adv. Meanly ; disgracefully ; shame- 
fully. 

IG'NO-MIN-Y, n. [L. ignominia.] Public disgrace under the 
imputation of dishonorable motives or conduct. — Syn. 
Opprobrium ; reproach ; dishonor ; shame ; contempt ; 
infamy. 
ICNO-MY, n. An abbreviation of ignominy.— Shak. 

IG-NO-Ra'MUS, n. [L.] 1. The indorsement which a grand- 
jury make on a bill presented to them for inquiry, when 
there is not evidence to support the charges ; on which 
all proceedings are stopped, and the accused person is 
discharged. 2. An ignorant person ; a vain pretender to 
knowledge. 

IG'NO-RANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. ignorantia.] 1. Want, absence, 
•jr destitution of knowledge ; the negative state of the 
mind which has not been instructed. 2. Ignorances, in 
the plural, is used sometimes for omissions or mistakes. 

IG'NO-RANT, a. [L. ignorans.] 1. Destitute of knowledge 
or information. 2. Unknown ; undiscovered ; as, ignorant 
concealment. — Shak. 3. Unacquainted with. 4. Unskill- 
fully made or done ; as. ignorant bawbles. — Shalt. ; [incor- 
rect.]— Syn. Uainstructed ; untaught ; unenlightened ; un- 
informed ; unlearned ; unlettered ; illiterate. 

IG'NO-RANT, n. A person untaught or uninformed. 

[G'NO-RANT-LY, adv. 1. Without knowledge, instruction, 
or information. 2. Unskillfully ; inexpertly. 

IG-NoRE', v. t. 1. To be ignorant of— Boyle ; [not in use.] 
—2. In law, the grand- jury are said to ignore a bill when 
they do not find the evidence such as to induce them to 
make a presentment. — Brande. 

\ IG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. [L. ignoscibilis.] Pardonable. 

\ IG-NoTE', a. [L. ignotus.] Unknown. 

IG-Ua/NA (-wa'na), n. A genus of saurian reptiles allied to 
the lizard. The common iguana of South America is eat- 
en, and its flesh is esteemed a delicacy. 

IG-Ua'NO-DON, n. An extinct saurian reptile, found in 
England, sixty or more feet in length. — Mantcll. 

\ ILE, n. 1. So written by Pope for aile, a walk or alley in 
a church or public building. 2. An ear of com. 

II 'E-US, n. [Gr. tAsosJ 1. The technical specific name of 
common colic. 2. The running up of one part of an in- 
testine within another, which has been supposed to take 
place in common colic. 



I'LEX, n. [L.] In botany, the generic name of the holly- 
tree ; also, a species of evergreen oak, quercus ilex. 

IL'I-AC, a. [L. iliacus.] Pertaining to the lower bowels, or 
to the Hewn. — The iliac passion is a violent and dangerous 
kind of cede, in which the small intestines have their per- 
istaltic action inverted. 

IL'I-AD, n. [from Mum, Hion.] An epic poem, composed 
by Homer, in twenty-four books. 

ILK, a. The same ; each. — Spenser. In Scottish, the phrase 
of that ilk, denotes that a person's surname and title are 
the same ; as, Grant of that ilk ; i. e., Grant of Grant. 

ILL, a. [supposed to be contracted from evil, Sax. yfel; Sw. 
ilia.] 1. Bad or evil, in a general sense; contrary to good ; 
depraved ; wrong ; wicked ; iniquitous ; criminal. 2. Pro- 
ducing evil or misfortune ; as, an ill planet. — Shak. 3. 
Bad ; evil ; unfortunate. 4. Unhealthy ; insalubrious ; as, 
ill air. — Bacon. 5. Cross; crabbed; surly; peevish. 6. 
Diseased ; disordered ; sick or indisposed ; [applied to per- 
sons.] 1. Diseased ; impaired ; as, ill health. 8. Discord- 
ant ; harsh ; disagreeable, as sounds. 9. Homely ; ugly 

10. Unfavorable ; suspicious. 11. Rude ; unpolished, as 
manners. 12. Not proper ; not regular or legitimate. 

ILL, n. 1. Wickedness; depravity; evil.—Dryden. 2. Mis- 
fortune ; calamity ; evil ; disease ; pain ; whatever an- 
noys or impairs happiness, or prevents success. 

ILL, adv. 1. Not well ; not rightly or perfectly. 2. Not 
easily ; with pain or diinculry. — Ely is sometimes, but er- 
roneously, used for ill. 

ILL, substantive or adverb, and denoting evil or wrong, is 
much used in composition with participles to express any 
bad quality or condition ; as, ill-meaning, ill-formed, &c. — 

11, prefixed to words beginning with I. stands for in, as 
used in the Latin language, and usually denotes a negation 
of the sense of the simple word, as illegal, not legal ; or it 
denotes to or on, and merely augments or enforces tha 
sense, as in illuminate. 

ILL'-AR-RaNA-ED', a. Not well arranged. 

ILL'-AS-SORT'ED, a. Not well assorted. 

ILL'-BAL'ANC£D (-bal'anst), a. Not well balanced. 

ILI/-BL60D, n. Resentment; enmity. — Quart. Rev. 

ILL'-BRED. a. Not well-bred ; unpollte. 

ILL'-BREEDTNG, n. Want of good-breeding ; unpoliteness 

ILL'-CON-CERT'ED, > „ . „ . . , 

ILL'-€ON-TRl VE D'! \ a ' Not wel1 contrived 

ILL'-€ON-Dl"TIONED, a. Being in bad order or state. 

ILL'-€ ON-DUCTED, a. Badly conducted. 

ILL'-€ON-SID'ERED, a. Not well considered. 

ILL'-DE-FlNED', a. Not well defined. 

ILL'-DE-SERV£D', a. Not well deserved. 

ILL'-DE-VISED', a. Not well devised. 

ILL'-DI-RE_€TED, a. Not well directed. 

ILL'-DIS-PoS-ED', a. Not well disposed. 

ILL'-E-QUIPPED' (-e-quipf), a. Not well equipped. 

ILL-FaCED (-faste), a. Having an ugly face. — Hall 

ILL-Fa-TED, a. Unfortunate. 

ILL -Fa'VORED, a. Ugly ; ill-looking ; deformed. 

ILL-Fa'VOR.ED-LY, adv. 1. With deformity. 2. Roughly 
rudely. 

ILL'-FI'VORJED-NESS, n. Ugliness ; deformity. 

ILL'-FIT-TED, a. Not well fitted. 

ILL'-FORMED, a. Not well formed. 

ILL'-FRIMED, a. Not well framed. 

ILL'-FUR'NISH£D (-lurinisht), a. Not well furnished 

ILL'-HAB'IT-ED, a. Not well habited. 

ILL'-IM-AG'INjED, a. Not well imagined. 

ILL'-IN-FORMJED', a. Not well informed. 

ILL'-JUDG.ED, a. Not well judged. 

ILL'-LlVED (iU'-livd), a. Leading a wicked life. [Rare.\ 

ILL'-LOOK-ING. a Having a bad look. 

ILL-MANNED, a. Not well furnished with men. 

ILL'-MeAN'ING, a. Meaning ill or evil. 

ILL'-MOD'ELED, a. Badly modeled. 

ILL'-Na'TURE, n. Crossness ; crabbedness ; habitual bad 
temper, or want of kindness ; fractiousness. 

ILL'-Na'TURED, a. 1. Cross ; crabbed ; surly ; intracta- 
ble : of habitual bad temper; peevish ; fractious. 2. That 
indicates ill-nature, as a task. 3. Intractable ; not yielding 
to culture, as land ; [not legitimate.] 

ILL'-Na'TURED-LY, adv. In a peevish or froward mac 
ner; crossly: unkindly. 

ILL'-NI'TURED-NESS, n. Crossness j want of a kind dis- 
position. 

ILL'-o'MENED, a. Having unlucky omens. — Neele. 

ILL'-PIfiOED, a. Not well pieced— Burke. 

ILL'-PRO-PoR'TIONJHD, a. Not well proportioned. 

ILL'-PRO-ViD'ED, a. Not well provided. 

ILL'-RE-QUlT'ED, a. Not well requited. 

ILL'-SOET'ED, a. Not well sorted. 

ILL'-SORTTNG, a. Not well sorting. 

ILL'-STaRR-ED, a. Fated to be unfortunate. 

ILL'-SToRJED, a. Not well stored. 

ILL'-SUP-PRESSED' (-sup-presf), a. Not fully sup- 
pressed. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ILL 



514 



ILL 



fLL'-TEMTEKED, a. Of bad temper ; morose ; crabbed ; 

sour ; peevish ; fretful. 
LLL'-TlME', v. t. To do or attempt at an unsuitable time. 
ILL'-TlMED, a. Done or said at an unsuitable time. 
ILL'-TURN, n. 1. An unkind or injurious act. 2. A slight 

attack of illness. [America. Familiar.] 
ILL'-TRaINED, a. Not well trained or disciplined. 
ILL'-WILL', n. Unkind or hostile feeling. — Syn. Enmity ; 

malice ; hatred ; malevolence ; pique ; grudge. 
ILL'-WILL'ER,, n. One who wishes ill to another. 
ILL'-WoRN, a. Not well worn. 
f IL-LAB'lLE, a. [See Labile.] Not liable to fall or err ; 

infallible. — Cheyne. 
\ IL-LA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being liable to err, 

fall, or apostatize. — Cheyne. 
IL-LAC'ER-A-BLE, a. That can not be torn. 
IL-LAC'RY-MA-BLE, a. [L. illacrymabilis.] Incapable of 

weeping. 
IL-LAPSE' (il-laps'), n. 1. A sliding in ; an immission or 

entrance of one thing into another. 2. A falling on ; a 

sudden attack. 

* IL-LAQ/UE-aTE, v. t. [L. illaqueo.] To insnare ; to en- 
trap ; to entangle ; to catch. [Little used.] 

» IL-LAQ'UE-a-TED (-lak'we-a-ted), pp. Insnared. 

* IL-LAQ-UE-A'TION, n. 1. The act of insnaring ; a catch- 
up or entrapping ; [little used.] 2. A snare. 

IL-La'TION, n. [L. illatio.] An inference from premises , 
a conclusion ; deduction. [Little used.] 

IL'LA-TIVE, a. 1. Relating to illation ; that may be in- 
ferred. 2. That denotes an inference. 

IL'LA-TlVE, n. That which denotes illation or inference. 

IL'LA-TlVE-LY, adv. By illation or conclusion.—^. Rich- 



IL-LAUD'A-BLE, a. 1. Not laudable ; not worthy of appro- 
bation or commendation. 2. Worthy of censure or dis- 
praise. 

TL-LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner unworthy of praise ; 
without deserving praise. — Broome. 

IL-LE'CE-BROUS, a. [L. illecebrosus.] Alluring ; full of al- 
lurement. — Elyot. 

IL-Le'GAL, a. Not legal ; contrary to law. — Syn. Unlaw- 
ful , lawless ; prohibited ; illicit ; contraband. 

1L-LE-GAL'I-TY, n. Contrariety to law ; unlawfulness. 

IL-LE GAL-lZE, v. t. To render unlawful. 

IL-Le'GAL-iZED, pp. Rendered unlawful. 

IL-Le'GAL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law ; unlaw- 
fully. — Blackstone. 

IL-Le'GAL-NESS, n. The state of being illegal.— Scott. 

IL-LEG-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being illegible. 

IL-LEG'I-BLE, a. That can not be read. 

IL-LEG'I-BLE-NESS, n. State of being illegible. 

IL-LEG'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be read. 

IL-LE-GlTI-MA-CY, n. 1. The state of being born out of 
wedlock; the state of bastardy. 2. The state of being not 
genuine, or of legitimate origin. 

EL-LE-GlT'I-MATE, a. 1. Unlawfully begotten; born out 
of wedlock ; spurious. 2. Unlawful ; contrary to law. 3. 
Not legitimately deduced ; illogical, as a conclusion. 4. 
Not authorized by good usage, as a word or phrase. 

SL-LE-gIT'I-MaTE, v. t. To render illegitimate ; to prove 
to be born out of wedlock ; to bastardize. 

1L-LE-6IT'I-Ma-TED, pp. Rendered illegitimate; proved 
to have been born out of wedlock. 

IL-LE-GIT'I-MATE-LY, adv. Not in wedlock ; without au- 
thority. 

JL-LE-GIT-I-MITION, n. 1. The state of one not born in 
wedlock. 2. Want of genuineness. — Martin. 

IL-LEV'I-A-BLE, a. That can not be levied or collected. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL, a. 1. Not liberal ; not free or generous. 2. 
Not noble ; not ingenuous ; not catholic ; of a contracted 
mind. Cold in charity. 3. Not candid ; uncharitable in 
judging. 4. Not generous ; not munificent ; sparing of 
gifts. 5. Not becoming a well-bred man. — Harris. 6. Not 
pure ; not elegant, as a word or phrase ; [little used.] 

IL-LIB-ER-AL'I-TY. n. 1. Narrowness of mind ; contract- 
edness ; meanness ; want of catholic opinion. 2. Parsi- 
mony ; want of munificence. — Eacon. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL-lZE, v. t. To make illiberal.— New An. Reg. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL-IZED, pp. Made illiberal. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making illiberal. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Ungenerously ; uncandidly ; un- 
charitably; disingenuously. 2. Parsimoniously. 

IL-LIC'IT, a. [L. illicitus.] Not permitted or allowed ; pro- 
hibited; unlawful; lawless. 

fL-LICIT-LY, adv. Unlawfully. 

IL-LIC'IT-NESS, n. Unlawfulness. 

IL-LIC'IT-OUS, a. Unlawful. 

\ IL-LlGHT'£N, v. t. To enlighten.— Raleigh. 

IL-LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. That can not be limited or bounded. 
— Syn. Boundless ; limitless ; unlimited ; unbounded ; 
immeasurable ; infinite ; immense ; vast. 

iL-LIM'IT-A-BLY, adv. 1. Without possibility of being 
bounded. 2. Without limits. 



IL-LIM-IT-I'TION, n. The state of being illimitable 

IL-LIM'IT-ED, a. Unbounded ; not limited. 

IL-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, n. Boundlessness ; the state of oeing 
without limits or restriction. — Clare.idon. 

IL-LI-Nl"TION, n. [L. illinitus.] 1. A thin crust of some 
extraneous substance formed on minerals. — Kirwan. 2. 
A rubbing in of an ointment or liniment. 

IL-LIT'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being untaught or un- 
learned ; want of a knowledge of letters ; ignorance. 

t IL-LIT'ER-AL, a. Not literal.— Dr. Dawson. 

IL-LIT'ER-ATE, a. [L. illiteratus.] Unlettered ; ignorant of 
letters or books ; untaught ; unlearned ; uninstructed hi 
science. 

IL-LIT'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Want of learning ; ignorance ot 
letters, books, or science.— Boyle. 

IL-LIT'ER-A-TURE, n. Want of learning. [Little used.-] 

ILL'NESS, n. 1. Badness ; unfavorableness ; [not used.] 2. 
Disease ; indisposition ; malady ; disorder of health ; sick 
ness. 3. Wickedness ; iniquity ; wrong moral conduct- 
Shak. 

IL-IiOG'IC-AL, a. 1. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of 
logic or correct reasoning. 2. Contrary to the rules of 
logic or sound reasoning. 

IL-LOG'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to the rules 
of correct reasoning. 

DL,-LOg'I€-AL-NESS. n. Contrariety to sound reasoning. 

IL-LuDE', v. t. [L. illudo.] To play upon by artifice ; to de- 
ceive ; to mock ; to excite hope and disappoint it. 

DL-LuD'ED, pp. Deceived; mocked. 

rL-LuDTNG,#p?\ Playing on by artifice ; deceiving. 

IL-LuME', )v. t. [Fr. iUuminer.] 1. To illuminate ; to en- , 

IL-Lu'MlNE, ) lighten; to throw or spread light on; to 
make light or bright 2. To enlighten, as the mind ; to 
cause to understand. 3. To brighten ; to adorn. 

IL-Lu'MIN-ANT, n. That which illuminates. 

IL-LO'MIN-ATE, v. t. 1. To enlighten ; to throw light on , 
to siipply with light. 2. To adorn with festal lamps or 
bonfires. 3. To enlighten intellectually. 4. To adorn with 
ornamented letters, or with pictures, portraits, and other 
paintings, as books and manuscripts. 5. To illustrate ; to 
throw light on, as on obscure subjects. 

IL-LiJ'MIN-ATE, a. Enlightened.— Bp. Hall. 

IL-Lu'MIN-ATE, v. One of a sect of heretics pretending to 
possess extraoi-dinary light and knowledge. 

IL-Lu'MIN-A-TED, pp. or a. Enlightened ; rendered ligh' 
or luminous ; illustrated ; adorned with ornamented let 
ters and pictures. 

IL-LU-MIN-a'TT, n. pi., \ 1. A church term anciently applied 

IL-L U-MIN-EE', n. 3 to persons who had received bap- 
tism. 2. The name of a sect of heretics, who sprung up 
in Spain about the year 1575. 3. The name given to cer- 
tain associations of men in modern Europe, who were said 
(though this has been denied) to have combined to over- 
throw the_ existing religious institutions. — Robison. 

IL-L U'MIN-A-TING, ppr. Enlightening ; rendering luminous 
or bright ; illustrating ; adorning with ornamented let- 
ters, &c. 

IL-Lu'MIN-A-TING, n. The act, practice, or art of adorn- 
ing manuscripts and books with ornamented letters and 
paintines. 

IL-Lu-MIN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of illuminating or ren- 
dering luminous ; the act of supplying with light. 2. The 
act of rendering a house or a town light, by placing lights 
at the windows, or the state of being thus rendered light 
3. That which gives light. 4. Brightness; splendor. 5. 
Infusion of intellectual light. 6. The act, art, or practice 

- of adorning manuscripts and books with ornamented let- 
ters and pictures. 7. A manuscript or book thus adorned. 
— Fosbroke. 8. Inspiration ; the special communication 
of knowledge to the mind by the Supreme Being. — Hooker. 

IL-Lu'MIN-A-TlVE, a. [Fr. illuminati/.] Having the power 
of giving light. — Digby. 

IL-LO'MIN-A-TOR, n. 1. He or that which illuminates or 
gives light. 2. One whose occupation is to decorate man- 
uscripts and books with ornamented letters, or with pic 
tures, portraits, and drawings of any kind. 

IL-LD'MINSD, pp. Illuminated; made light. 

IL-Lu'MIN-ING, ppr. Rendering light ; illuminating. 

IL-Lu'MlN-ISM, n. The principles of the Illuminati. 

IL-Lu'MIN-iZE, v. t. To initiate into the doctrines or prin- 
ciples of the Illuminati. — Am. Review. 

IL-Lu'MIN-lZED, pp. Initiated into the doctrines, &c, of 
the Illuminati. 

IL-Lu'MIN-iZ-ING, ppr. Initiating into the doctrines, &e , 
of the Illuminati. 

IL-Lu'SION (il-lu'zhun), n. [Fr. illusion.] Deceptive ap- 
pearance ; false show, by which a person is or may be de- 
ceived, or his expectations disappointed. — Syn. Mockery , 
deception; chimera; fallacy; error. 

IL-Lu'SION-IST, a. One given to illusion. 

IL-Lu'SIVE, a. Deceiving by false show ; deceitful. - 
Thomson. 

IL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. By means of a false show. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I fcc, long.— I, fi, X, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARlNB, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



IMA 



51. 



1MB 



CL-Lf SIVE-NESS, n. Deception ; false show. 
LL-Lu'SO-RY, a. [Fr. illusoire.] Deceiving or tending to de- 
ceive by false appearances ; fallacious. 

CL-LUS'TRaTE, v. t. [Fr. illustrer.] 1. To make clear, 
bright, or luminous. 2. To brighten with honor ; to make 
distinguished. — Milton. 3. To brighten ; to make glorious, 
or to display the glory of. 4. To explain or elucidate ; to 
make clear, intelligible, or obvious, what is dark or obscure, 
as by comments, examples, &c. 5. To explain and adorn 
by means of pictures, drawings, &c. 

CL-LUS'TRI-TED, pp. or a. 1. Made bright or glorious. 2. 
Explained ; elucidated ; made clear to the understanding. 
3. Explained by means of pictures, &e. 

IL-LUS'TRa-TING, ppr. Making bright or glorious ; render- 
ing distinguished ; elucidating ; explaining bv pictures, 
&c. 

[L-LUS-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of rendering bright or 
glorious. 2. Explanation ; elucidation. 3. An engraving 
or picture designed to illustrate. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TIVE, a. 1. Having the quality of elucidating 
and making clear what is obscure. 2. Having the quality 
of rendering glorious, or of displaying glorv. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TlVE-LY, adv. By way of illustration or elu- 
cidation. — Brown. 

IL'LUS-TRI-TOR, n. One who illustrates or makes clear. 

EL-LUSTRA-TO-RY, a. Serving to illustrate. 

IL-LUS'TRI-OUS, a. [Fr. illustre.] 1. Distinguished by the 
reputation of greatness. 2. Conferring honor or renown ; 
as, illustrious deeds. 3. Manifesting glory or excellence ; 
as, an illustrious exhibition of goodness. 4. A title of hon- 
or. — Syn. E.emarkable ; conspicuous ; noted ; famous ; 
celebrated ; signal ; renowned ; eminent ; exalted ; noble ; 
glorious. 

IL-LUS'TRI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Conspicuously; nobly; emi- 
nently ; with dignity or distinction. 2. Gloriously ; in a 
way to manifest glory. 

LL-LUSTRI-OUS-NESS, n. Eminence of character ; great- 
ness; grandeur; glory. 

EL-LUX-UHTOUS, a. Not luxurious.— Drury. 

IL'LY, adv. A word sometimes used, though improperly, 
for ill. _ 

IL'MEN-lTE, n. A black metallic mineral, consisting of ti- 
tanic acid and oxyd of iron. 

I'M, contracted from I am. 

IM, in composition, is usually the representative of the Latin 
in ; n being changed to m, for the sake of easy utterance, 
before a labial, as in imbibe, immense, impartial. 

IMAGE, n. [Fr. image ; L. imago.'] 1. A representation or 
similitude of any person or thing formed of a material sub- 
stance. 2 A statue. 3. An idol ; the representation of 
any person or thing that is an object of worship. 4. The 
likeness of any thing on canvas ; a picture ; a resemblance 
painted. 5. Any copy, representation, or likeness. 6. 
Semblance ; show ; appearance. — Dryden. 7. An idea ; a 
representation of any thing to the mind; a conception; a 
picture drawn by fancy.— 8. In rhetoric, a lively descrip- 
tion of any thing in discourse which presents a kind of 
picture to the mind. — 9. In optics, the figure of any object 
made by rays of light proceeding from~the several points 
of it 

IMAGE, v. t. 1. To represent or form an image of; as, im- 
aged in a mirror. 2. To form a likeness in the mind. 

[M'AgE-WoR'SHD?, n. The worship of images ; idolatry. 

IMAgE-A-BLE, a. That may be imaged. 

[MAG.ED, pp. Formed into an image ; depicted by the im- 
agination. 

.M'AgE-LESS, a. Having no image. — Shelley. 

MAGE-RY (im'aj-ry), n. 1. Sensible representations, pic- 
tures, statues. 2. Show ; appearance. — Prior. 3. Forms 
of the fancy; false ideas ; imaginary phantasms. 4. Rep- 
resentations in writing or speaking; lively descriptions 
which impress the images of things on the mind ; figures 
in discourse. 5. Form ; make. 

FM-AG'IN-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may or can be imagined or 
conceived. 

{M-AG'IN-A-BLY, adv. In an imaginable manner. 

IM-AG'IN-ANT, a. Imagining ; conceiving. — Bacon. 

IM-AG'IN-A-RY, a. Existing only in imagination or fancy. — 
Imaginary quantity, a name given to certain expressions 
that arise in various algebraical and trigonometrical oper- 
ations, to which no value either rational or irrational can 
oe assigned. Barlow. — Syn. Ideal ; fanciful ; chimerical ; 
visionary; fancied; unreal. 

fM-AG-IN-A'TION, n. [L. imaginatio.] 1. That faculty of 
the mind which forms new combinations of ideas from 
the materials stored up in the memory, producing combi- 
nations more pleasing, more awful, more terrible, &c, than 
are presented in the~ordinary course of nature. Thus it 
is the will and feelings acting on the materials of memory. 
2. Conception ; image in the mind ; idea. 3. Contrivance ; 
scheme formed in the mind ; device. 4. Conceit ; an un- 
solid or fanciful opinion. 5. First motion or purpose of 
the mind. 



IM-AGlN-A-TfVE, a. [Fr. imaginatif.] 1. That forms !mag 
inations. 2. Full of imaginations ; fantastic. 

IM-AG'IN-A-TlVE-NESS, n. State of being imaginative.— 
More. 

IM-AG'iNE, v. t. [Fr. imaginer.] 1. To form a notion or idea 
in the mind. 2. To form ideas or representations in the 
mind by modifying and combining our conceptions. 3. 
To contrive in purpose ; as, to imagine mischief. — Syn. To 
fancy ; conceive ; apprehend ; think ; believe ; suppose ; 
deem ; plan ; scheme ; devise ; frame. 

IM-AG'iNE, v. i. To conceive ; to have a notion or idea, 

IM-Ag'iN£D, pp. or a. Formed in the mind ; fancied ; con- 
trived. 

IM-Ag'IN-ER, n. One who forms ideas ; one who contrives. 
— Bacon. 

IM'Ag-ING, ppr. Forming into an image ; depicting by the 
imagination. 

IMAg-ING, n. The act of forming an image. — Carlisle. 

IM-AG'IN-ING, n. The act of forming images. — Channing. 

IM-AG'IN-ING, ppr. Forming ideas in the mind ; devising. 

I-MaM', ~in. 1. A priest who performs the regular service 

1-MAUM', s of the mosque among the Mohammedans. 2. 

I'M AN, ) A Mohammedan prince having supreme spir- 
itual as well as temporal power. 

IM-BAN', v. t. To excommunicate, [i?i a civil sense ;] to cut 
off from the rights of man. — J. Barlow. [Not well author- 
ized.] 

IM-BAND', v. t. Fo form into a band or bands — J. Barlow. 

IM-BAND'ED, pp. or a. Formed into a band or bands. 

IM-BANK'. v. t. To inclose with a bank ; to defend by 
banks, mounds, or dikes. 

IM-BANKED' (im-banktf), pp. Inclosed or defended with a 
bank. 

IM-BANKTNG, ppr. Inclosing or surrounding with a bank 

IM-BANK'MENT, n. 1. The act of surrounding or defending 
with a bank. 2. Inclosure by a bank ; the banks or mound3 
of earth that are raised to defend a place. 

IM-BANNER-ED, a. Furnished with banners. 

IM-BaR'GO. See Embargo. 

IM-BaRK'. See Embark. 

t IM-BaRN, v. t. To deposit in a barn.— Herbert. 

IM-BaSE'. See Embase. 

t IM-BAS'TARD-lZE, v. t. To render degenerate.— Milton. 

IM-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe all over.— Milton. 

IM-Ba.TH.ED', pp. Bathed all over. 

IM-BeAD', v. t. To fasten with a bead. — J. Barlow. 

IM-BeAD'ED, pp. Fastened with a bead. 

IM-BeADTNG, ppr. Fastening with a bead. 

* IM'BE-ClLE (imhe-sil or im-be-seel'), a. [L. imbeciilis ; Fr. 
imbecile.] Destitute of strength, either of body or of mind. 
Barrow. — Syn. Weak ; debilitated ; feeble ; infirm ; impo- 
tent 

IM'BE-ClLE (imhe-sil or im-be-seel'), n. One destitute of 
strength either of body or mind. 

t IM'BE-ClLE, v. t. To weaken.— Bp. Taylor. 

f IM-BE-CILI-TITE, v. t. To weaken ; to render feeble.— 
A. Wilson. 

IM-BE-CIL'I-TY, n. [L. imbecillitas.] 1. Want of strength ; 
weakness; feebleness of body or mind. 2. Impotence of 
males ; inability to procreate children. 

IM-BED', v. t. To sink or lay in a bed ; to place in a mass 
of earth, sand, or other substance. 

IM-BED'DED, pp. or a. Laid or inclosed, as in a bed or 
mass of surrounding matter. 

IM-BEDDING, ppr. Laying, as in a bed. 

IM-BEL'LI-e, a. Not warlike or martial. — Junius. [Rare.] 

IM-BENCHTNG, n. A raised work like a bench. 

IM-BlBE', v. t. [L. imbibo.] 1. To drink in ; to absorb, as 
moisture. 2. To receive or admit into the mind, and re- 
tain. 3. To imbue. — Newton. 

IM-BIB.ED' (im-bibd 7 ), pp. Drank in, as a fluid ; absorbed ; 
received into the mind, and retained. 

IM-BlB'ER, n. He or that which imbibes. 

IM-BlB'ING. ppr. Drinking in ; absorbing ; imbibing. 

IM-BI-Bl"TION (-bish'un), n. The act of imbibing or drink- 
ing in. — Bacon. 

IM-BIT'TER, v. t. 1. To make bitter. 2. To make unhappy 
or grievous ; to render distressing. 3. To exasperate ; to 
make more severe, poignant, or painful. 4. To exasperate ; 
to render more violent or malignant. 

IM-BIT'TER.ED, pp. or a. Made unhappy or painful ; exas- 
perated. 

IM-BIT'TER-ER, n. That which makes bitter.— Johnson. 

IM-BIT'TER-ING, ppr. Rendering unhappy or distressing ; 
exasperating. 

IM-BOD1.ED, pp. or a. Formed into a body. See Embodied. 

IM-BODY". See Embody. 

IM-BOIL', v. i. To effervesce ; to rage. — Spenser. 

IM-B5LD.EN. See Embolden. 

IM-BOR'DER, v. t. 1. To furnish or inclose with a border ; 
to adorn with a border. 2. To tenninate ; to bound. 

IM-BORTJER-ED, pp. Furnished, inclosed, or adorned with 
a border ; bounded. 



DOVE ;— ByLL, tTNITE ;— AN'GFR, YY"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete. 



IMM 



516 



IMM 



IMBOR'DER-ING, ppr. Furnishing, inclosing, or adorning 
with a border ; bounding. 

IM-BOSK', v. t. [It. imboscare.] To conceal, as in bushes ; 
to hide. — Milton. 

IM-BOSK', v. i. To lie concealed.— Milton. 

IM-Bo'SOM, v. t. 1. To hold in the bosom ; to cover fondly 
with the folds of one's garment. 2. To hold in nearness 
or intimacy. 3. To admit to the heart or affection ; to ca 
ress. 4. To inclose in the midst ; to surround. 5. To in 
close in the midst ; to cover. 

IM-Bo'SOM£D, pp. or a. Held in the bosom or to the breast 
caressed ; surrounded in the midst ; inclosed ; covered. 

IM-Bo'SOM-ING, ppr. Holding in the bosom ; caressing 
holding to the breast ; inclosing or covering in the midst. 

IM-BOUND', v. t. To inclose in limits ; to shut hx.—Shak. 
[Little used.] 

IM-BoW', v. t. 1. To arch ; to vault. 2. To make of a cir- 
cular form. — Bacon. 

IM-BoW£D' (im-bode'), pp. or a. Arched ; vaulted ; made 
of a circular form. 

IM-BOW'ER. See Embower. 

IM-Bo WING, ppr. Arching ; vaulting ; making of a circular 
form. 

IM-Bo W'MENT, n. An arch ; a vault.— Bacon. 

IM-BOX', v. t. To inclose in a box. 

IM-BOX.ED' (im-boksf ), pp. Inclosed in a box. 

IM-BO X'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a box. 

IM-BRAN"GLE (-brang'gl), v. t. To entangle.— Hudibras. 

IM-BRED', pp. Generated within. 

IM-BREED', v. t. To generate within ; to inbreed. 

IM-BREED'ING, ppr. Generating within. 

IM'BRI-CATE, ) a. [L. imbricatus.] 1. Bent and hollowed 

IM'BRI-€a-TED, > like a roof or gutter tile.— 2. In botany, 
lying over each other in regular order, like tiles on a roof 

IM-BRI-C a'TION, n. A concave indenture, like that of tiles 
tiling. — Derham. 

IM-BRoGL'IO (im-brol'yo), ?i. [It.] Intricacy; a complicated 
plot. 

IM-BROWN', v.t. 1. To make brown ; to darken ; to ob- 
scure. 2. To darken the color of; to make dirty. 3. To 
tan ; to darken the complexion. 

IM-BROWN ED' (im-brownd'), pp. Made brown ; darkened ; 
tanned. 

IM-BROWN'ING, ppr. Rendering brown ; darkening ; tan- 
ning._ 

IM-BRuE' (im-bru'), v. t. [Gr. e^Bpsx^-] 1- To wet or moist- 
en ; to soak ; to drench in a fluid, chiefly in blood. 2. To 
pour_out or distill ; [obs.] 

IM-BRuED' (im-brude'), pp. Wet; moistened; drenched. 

IM-BRu'lNG, ppr. Wetting; moistening; drenching. 

IM-BRu'MENT, n. The act of imbruing. 

IM-BRuTE', v. t. To degrade to the state of a brute ; to re- 
duce_to brutality. 

IM-BRuTE', v. i. To sink to the state of a brute. 

IM-BRuT'ED, pp. Degraded to brutishness. 

IM-BRuT'ING, ppr. Reducing to brutishness. 

IM-BuE' (im-bu 7 ), v. t. [L. imbuo.] 1. To tinge deeply ; to 
dye, as clothes. 2. To tincture deeply ; to cause to im- 
bibe, as the mind. 

IM-BvED' (im-bude'), pp. Tinged ; dyed ; tinctured. 

IM-BuTNG, ppr. Tinging ; dyeing ; tincturing deeply. 

IM-Bu'MENT, n. A deep tincture. 

IM-BURSE', v. t. [Fr. bourse.] To stock with money. 

IM-BURSE'MENT, n. 1. The act of supplying money. 2. 
Money laid up in stock. 

IM-Bu'TION, n. Act of imbuing.— Lee. 

IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being imitable. 

IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. imitabilis.] 1. That may be imita- 
ted or copied. 2. Worthy of imitation. 

IM'1-TaTE, v. t. [Fr. imiter.] 1. To follow in manners ; to 
copy in form, color, or quality. 2. To attempt or endeavor 
to copy or resemble. 3. To counterfeit. 4. To pursue 
the course of a composition, so as to use like images and 
examples. 

1M'i-Ta-TED. pp. or a. Followed ; copied. 

IM'1-Ta-TING. ppr. Following in manner ; copying. 

IM-I-Ta'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. imitaiio.) 1. The act of ioi'iowing 
in manner, or of copying in form ; the act of making the 
similitude of any thing, or of attempting a resemblance. 
2. That which is made or produced as a copy ; likeness ; 
resemblance. 3. A method of translating, in which mod- 
ern examples and illustrations are used for ancient, or do- 
mestic for foreign. 

IM'I-Ta-TiVE, a. 1. Inclined to follow jn manner. 2. Aim- 
ing at resemblance ; that is used in the business of form- 
ing resemblances, as an art. 3. Formed after a model, 
pattern, or original, as manners. 

1M'I-Ta-TiVE-LY, adv. In the way of imitation. 

IM'I-Ta-TOR, n. 1. One who follows in manner or deport- 
ment. 2. One who copies, or attempts to make the re- 
semblance of any thing. 

IM'I-Ta-TOR-SHIP, n. The office or state of an imitator. 
IM-MAC'U-LATE, a. [L. immaculatus.] 1. Spotless ; pure ; 



unstained ; undefined ; without blemish. 2. Pure ; liinpid 
not tinged with impure matter. — Immaculate Conception 
The doctrine of the immaculate conception, as held in the 
Roman Catholic Church, is that the Virgin Mary was born 
without original sin. 

IM-MAC'U-LATE-LY, adv. With spotless purity. 

IM-MA-G'U-LATE-NESS, n. Spotless purity. 

IM-MaILjED (im-mald'), a. Wearing mail or arenor. 

IM-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable ; that can not be ex- 
tended by hammering. — Med. Repos. 

IM-MAN'A-GLE, v. t. To put manacles on ; to fetter or con 
fine ; to restrain from free action. 

IM-MAN'A-GL ED, pp. Fettered; confined. 

IM-MANA-CLING, ppr. Fettering ; confining. 

IM-MA-Na'TION, n. A flowing or entering in. — Good. 

IM-MaNE', a. [L. immanis.] Vast; huge ; very great. [Rare.\ 

IM-MaNE'LY, adv. Monstrously; cruelly. — Milton. 

IM'MA-NEN-CY, n. Internal dwelling. — Pearson. 

IM'MA-NENT, a. Inherent ; intrinsic ; internal. 

IM-MAN'I-TY, n. [L. immanitas.] Barbarity ; savageness. • 
Shah. 

IM-MAN'U-EL, n. [Heb.] God with us ; a name given to! 
the Savior. — Matt., i., 23. 

IM-MaR-CES'SI-BLE, a. [L. in and marcesco.] Unfading. 

IM-MaR'TIAL (-mar'shal), a. Not martial ; not warlike 

IM-MaSK', v. t. To cover as with a mask. 

IM-MaSKjED' (im-maskf), pp. Covered ; masked. 

IM-MaSK'ING, ppr. Covering ; disguising. 

IM-MATCH'A-BLE, a. That can not be matched ; peerless 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL, a. [Fr. immateriel.] 1. Not material ; not 
consisting of matter. 2. Without weight ; not material ; 
of no essential consequence. Melmoth. — Syn. Incorpore- 
al ; unsubstantial ; unembodied ; spiritual ; unimportant ; 
inconsiderable ; trifling ; insignificant. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-ISM, n. The doctrine of the existence or 
state ofimmaterial substances or spiritual beings. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-IST, n. One who professes immateriality. 
— Swift. 

IM-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being immaterial, 
or not consisting of matter ; destitution of matter. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-iZ£D, a. Rendered or made immaterial. 
— Glanville. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner not depending 
on matter. 2. In a manner unimportant. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. The state of being immaterial , 
immateriality. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-ATE, a. Not consisting of matter ; incorpo- 
real ; immaterial. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

IM-MA-TuRE', )a. [L. immaturus.] 1. Not mature or 

IM.-MA-TuR.ED', $ ripe ; unripe ; that has not arrived to s 
perfect state. 2. Not perfect ; not brought to a complete 
state. 3. Hasty ; too early ; that comes before the natu 
ral time. [Premature is more used in this sense.] 

IM-MA-TuRE'LY, adv. Too soon ; before ripeness or com 
pletion^ before the natural time. 

IM-MA-TuR,E'NESS, \n. Unripeness ; incompleteness ; the 

IM-MA-Tu'RI-TY, j state of a thing which has not ar- 
rived to perfection. 

IM-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of power to pass. [Rare.] 

IM-MeAS'UR-A-BLE (im-mezh'ur-a-bl), a. That can not be 
measured ; immense : indefinitely extensive. 

IM-Me AS'UR-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being incapable 
of measure. 

IM-MeAS'UR-A-BLY, adv. To an extent not to be meas- 
ured ; immensely ; beyond all measure. — Milton. 

IM-MeAS'UR-ED, a. Exceeding common measure. 

t IM-ME-€HAN'I€-AL, a. Not consonant to the laws of me- 
chanics. — Cheyne. 

IM-ME-CHAN'IC-AL-LY, adv. Inconsistently with the laws 
of mechanics. 

* IM-Me'DI-A-CY, n. Power of acting without dependence. 
— Shak. 

* IM-Me'DI-ATE, n. [Fr. immediat.] 1. Proximate ; acting 

without a medium, or without the intervention of another 
cause or means ; producing its effect by its own direct 
agency. 2 Not acting by second causes. 3.. Instant 
present; without the intervention ot tone; as, immediate 
duty," immediate situation." — Burke. 

* IM-Me'DI-ATE-L Y, adv. 1. Without the intervention of any 

other cause or event. 2. At the present time ; without 
delay, or the intervention of time. — Syn. Directly ; proxi- 
mately ; instantly ; instantaneously ; quickly ; presently. 

* IM-Me'DI-ATE-NESS, n. 1. Presence with regard to time. 

2. Exemption from second or intervening causes. 

IM-MED'I-€A-BLE, a. [L. immedicabilis.] Not to be healed 
incurable. — Milton. 

IM-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious.— Drummond. 

IM-MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. [L. immemorabilis.} Not to be re* 
membered ; not worth remembering. 

IM-ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. [Fr.] Beyond memory; an epithet 
given to time or duration, &c, whose beginning is not re- 
membered. — In English law, immemorial is appUed to any 
thing which commenced before the time of King Edward H, 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, t &c, sfwrt.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



IMM 



517 



IMM 



IM-ME-Md'RI AL-LY, adv. Beyond memory. — BeMley. 

IM-MENSE', a. [Fr. ; L. immeusus.] 1. Absolutely without 
bounds or limits ; as, goodness immense. — Milton. 2. 
Without any known or denned limit ; vast in extent ; very 
great. 3. Huge in bulk ; very large. — Syn. Infinite ; im- 
measurable ; illimitable ; unbounded ; unlimited ; interm- 
inable ; vast ; prodigious ; enormous ; monstrous. 

IM-MENSE'LY adv. 1. Infinitely ; without limits or meas- 
ure. 2. Vastly ; very greatly. 

IM-MENSENESS, n. Unbounded greatness. — More. 

IM-MENS'1-TY, n. 1. Unlimited extension; an extent not 
to be measured ; infinity. 2. Vastness in extent or bulk ; 
greatness. 

IM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being ca- 
pable of measure ; impossibility to be measured. 

IM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [L.i/i and mensurabilis.] Not to be 
measured ; immeasurable. 

IM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. Unmeasured.— W. Montagu. 

iM-MERGE' (im-merj'), v. t. [L. immergo.] 1. To plunge into 

' or under a fluid. 2. v. i. To disappear by entering into 
any medium, as into the light of the sun or the shadow of 
the earth. 

TM-MERG^D', pp. Plunged into. 

1 M- MERGING, ppr. Entering or plunging into. 

t IM-MER'IT, a. Want of worth. 

t IM-MER'IT-ED, a. Unmerited. 

tIM-MER'IT-OUS, a. Undeserving.— Milton. 

IM-MERSE', v. t. [L. immersus.] 1. To put under water or 
other fluid ; to plunge ; to dip. 2. To sink or cover deep ; 
to cover wholly. 3. To plunge ; to overwhelm ; to in- 
volve ; to engage deeply. 

\ IM-MERSE', a. Buried ; covered ; sunk deep. — Bacon. 

IM-MERS.ED' (im-mersf), pp. Put into a fluid ; plunged ; 
deeply engaged ; concealed by entering into any medium. 

IM-MERS'ING, ppr. Plunging into a fluid; dipping; over- 
whelming ; deeply engaging. 

IM-MER'SION, n. 1. The act of putting into a fluid below 
the surface ; the act of plunging into a fluid till covered. 
2. The state of sinking into a fluid. 3. The state of being 
overwhelmed or deeply engaged. — 4. In astronomy, the dis- 
appearance of a celestial body by entering into any medi- 
um, as into the light of the sun, or the shadow of the earth ; 
opposed to emersion. — Olmsted. 

EVI-MESH', v. t. To entangle in the meshes of a net. 

IM-MESH.ED' (im-rneshf), pp. Entangled in meshes or webs. 

IM-MESH'ING, ppr. Entangling in meshes or webs. 

IM-ME-THOD'I€-AL, a. Having no method ; without sys- 
tematic arrangement ; without order or regularity. — Syn. 
Irregular; confused; disorderly. 

IM-ME-THOD'I€-AL-LY, adv. Without order or regularity ; 
irregularly. 

IM-ME-THODT€-AL-NESS, n. Want of method. 

IM'MI-GRANT, n. A person who removes into a country 
for the purpose of permanent residence ; opposed to emi- 
grant. 

IMTVII-GRaTE, v. i. [L. immigro.] To remove into a coun- 
try for the purpose of permanent residence. — Belknap. 

IM-MI-GRa'TION, n. The passing or removing into a coun- 
try for the purpose of permanent residence. 

JM'MI-NENCE, n. [L. imminentia.] Properly, a hanging 
over, but used by Shakspeare for impending evil or dan- 
ger. [Little used.] 

IM'MI-NENT, a. [L. imminens.] Literally, shooting over ; 
hence, hanging over ; impending ; threatening ; near ; ap- 
pearing as if about to fall on ; [used of evils.] 

IM'MI-NENT-LY, adv. In an iraminent manner or degree. 

IM-MIN"GLE, v. t. To mingle ; to mix ; to unite with. 

IM-MIN"GL£D (-ming'gld), pp. Mixed ; mingled. 

IM-MIN"GLING, ppr. Mixing; mingling,, 

IM-MI-Nu'TION, n. [L. imminutio.] A lessening; diminu- 
tion ; decrease. 

IM-MIS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. imwisceo.] Incapacity of being 
mixed. 

IM-MIS'CI-BLE, a. Not capable of being mixed. 

IM-MIS'SION (im-mish'un), n. [L. immissio.] The act of 
sending or thrusting in ; injection. 

IM-MIT, v. t. [L. immitto.] To send in ; to inject 

IM-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. That can not be mitigated. 

IM-MIT'I-GA-BLY, adv. In an immitigable manner. 

[M-MTTTED, pp. Sent in ; injected. 

IM-MITTING, ppr. Sending in ; injecting. 

IM-MIX', v. t. To mix ; to mingle. 

IM-MIXA-BLE, a. Not capable of being mixed. 

IM-MIX?/ ''} a> Unmixed.— Herbert. 

IM-MIX'ING, ppr. Mingling. 

IM-MO-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. immobilite.] Unmovableness : fix- 
edness in place or state : resistance to motion. — Arbuthnot. 

IM-MOD'ER-A-CY, n. Excess.— Brown. 

IM-MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. immoderatus.] Exceeding just or 
usual bounds ; not confined to suitable limits. — Syn. Ex- 
cessive ; exorbitant ; unreasonable ; extravagant ; intem- 
perate. 



IM-MOD'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Excessively; to an undue do 
gree; unreasonably. 

IM-MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance. 

IM-MOD-ER-A'TION, n. Excess; want of moderation. 

IM-MOD'EST, a. [Fr. immodeste.] 1. Immoderate ; exorbi- 
tant ; unreasonable ; arrogant. 2. Wanting in the reserve 
or restraint which decency requires ; wanting in decency 
and delicacy. 3. Wanting in chasty ; [applied to perso?is.) 
4. Wanting in purity or delicacy ; [applied to thougkts or 
words;] as, immodest expressions. — Syn. Indecorous; in- 
delicate ; shameless ; impudent ; indecent ; impure ; un- 
chaste ; lewd ; obscene. 

IM-MOD'EST-LY, adv. Without due reserve ; indecently , 
unchastely ; obscenely. 

IM-MOD'ES-TY, n. [L. immodesda.] 1. Want of modesty ; 
indecency ; unchastity. 2. Want of delicacy or decent re- 
serve. 

IM'MO-LiTE, v. t. [Fr. immoler.] 1. To sacrifice ; to kill, as 
a victim offered in sacrifice. 2. To offer in sacrifice. 

IM'MO-La-TED, pp. or a. Sacrificed ; offered in sacrifice. 

IM'MO-La-TING, ppr. Sacrificing ; offering, as a victim. 

IM-MO-LI'TION, n. 1. The act of sacrificing.— Brown. 2- 
A sacrifice offered. 

IM'MO-La-TOR, n. One who offers in sacrifice. 

IM-MoLD', v. t. To form ; to mold.— G. Fletcher 

IM-MoLD'ED, pp. Molded into shape. 

IM-MoLD'ING, ppr. Molding into shape. 

IM-Mo'MENT, a. Trifling.— Shalt. [Not English.] 

IM-MO-MENTOUS, a. Unimportant— Seward. 

IM-MOR'AL, a. 1. Inconsistent with moral rectitude ; [ap- 
plied to principles or actions.] 2. Of a life contrary to the 
moral or divine law ; [applied to persons.] — Syn. Wicked ; 
vicious ; unjust ; dishonest ; depraved ; impure ; unchaste , 
profligate ; dissolute ; abandoned ; licentious ; lewd ; ob 
scene ; debauched. 

IM-MO-RAL'I-TY, n. Any act or practice which contra 
venes the divine commands or the social duties. 

IM-MORAL-LY, adv. Wickedly ; viciously ; in violation of 
law or duty. 

IM-MO-RIG'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. immoriger.] Rude ; un- 
civil. — Stackhouse. 

IM-MO-RlG'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Rudeness; disobedience.— 
Bishop Taylor. 

IM-MORTAL, a. [L. immortalis.] 1. Having no principle of 
alteration or corruption ; exempt from death ; having fife 
or being that shall never end. 2. Connected with or ter- 
minating on immortality ; never to cease ; as, immortal 
hopes, desires, longings. — Shak. 3. Having unlimited ex- 
istence. 4. Destined to live in all the ages of this world ; 
as, an immortal poem or poet. — Syn. Eternal ; everlast- 
ing ; never-ending ; ceaseless ; perpetual ; continual ; en- 
during ; endless ; imperishable ; incorruptible ; deathless 

IM-MORTAL, n. One who is exempt from death. 

IM-MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of never ceasing to 
live or exist ; exemption from death and annihilation ; fife 
destined to endure without end. 2. Exemption from ob- 
livion. 3. Pe2-petuity ; existence not limited. 

IM-MOR-T AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of immortalizing. 

IM-MOR'TAL-lZE, v. t. [Fr. immortaliser.] 1. To render 
immortal ; to make perpetual ; to cause to five or exist 
while the world shall endure ; as, to immortalize one's 
name. 2. To_exempt from oblivion ; to make perpetual. 

t IM-MORTAL-IZE, v. i. To become immortal.— Pope. 

IM-MOPv.TAL-lZ.ED, pp. Rendered immortal or perpetual 

IM-MOR'TAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making immortal. 

IM-MOR'TAL-LY, adv. With endless existence ; with ex- 
emption from death. 

IM-MOR-TI-FI-GI'TION, n. Want of subjection of the pas- 
sions. — Bishop Taylor. 

IM-Mo V-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Steadfastness that can not be moved 
or shaken. 

IM-Mo V'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be moved from its place. 
2. Not to be moved from a purpose ; steadfast : fixed ; that 
can not be induced to change or alter ; as, one immovable 
in purpose. 3. That can not be altered or shaken ; unal- 
terable ; unchangeable, as a purpose. 4. That can not be 
affected or moved ; not impressible ; not susceptible of 
compassion or tender feelings ; unfeeling. 5. Fixed ; not 
liable to be removed ; permanent in place. 6. Not to be 
shaken or agitated. 

IM-MoV'A-BLES (-moov'a-blz), n. pi. In law, the opposite 
of movables ; things which can not be legally taken away 
in leaving a house, farm, &c. — Bouvier. 

IM-MoVA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being immovable. 

IM-M5VA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be moved from 

• its place or purpose ; or in a manner not to be shaken ; 
unalterably ; unchangeably. 

IM-MUND'. a. [L. immundvs.] Unclean. — Burton. 

IM-MUN-DICI-TY, n. Uncleanness.— Montagu. 

IM-Mu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. immuvite.] 1. Freedom or exemption 
from obligation. 2. Exemption from any charge, duty, 
office, tax, or imposition ; a particular privilege or prerog- 
ative. 3. Freedom. 



D6VE — BULL. UNITE :— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



IMP 



518 



IMP 



tta-MuRE', v. t. [Norm, emmurrer.] 1. To inclose within 
walls ; to shut up ; to confine. 2. To wall ; to surround 
withwalls ; [j-are.] 3. To imprison. 

t IM-MuRE', n. A wall ; an inclosure. — Shak. 

IM-MuRi?D' (im-murd'), pp. Confined within walls. 

IM-MuR'ING, ppr. Confining within walls. 

IM-Mu'SIC-AL, a. Not musical ; inharmonious ; not ac- 
cordant ; harsh. — Bacon. 

IM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. immatabilite.] Unchangeable- 
ness ; the quality that renders change or alteration impos- 
sible ; invariableness. 

IM-MC'TA-BLE, a. [L. immutabilis.] Unchangeable ; inva- 
riable ; unalterable ; not capable or susceptible of change. 

IM-Mu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Unchangeableness ; immutabil- 
ity^ 

IM-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. Unchangeably ; unalterably ; invaria- 
bly^ in a manner that admits of no change. 

IM-Mu'TATE, a. [L. immutatus.] Unchanged. 

IM-MU-Ta'TION, n. [L. immutatio.] Change ; alteration. 

IM-MOTE', v. t. [L. immuto.] To change ; to alter. — Salkeld. 

IMP, n. [W. imp.] 1. A son ; offspring ; progeny. — Shak. ; 
[obs.] 2. A subaltern or puny devil. — Milton. 

IMP, v. t. [W. ifnpiaw.] 1. To graft. — Chaucer. 2. To length- 
en ; to extend or enlarge by something inserted or added ; 
[a term applied oi'iginally in falconry to repairing a hawk's 
wing by adscititious feathers.] 

IM-Pa'-GA-BLE, n. Not to be appeased or quieted. 

IM-Pa'€A-BLY, adv. In a manner not admitting of being 



IM-P ACT, v. t. [L. impactus.] To drive close ; to press or 
drive firmly together. — Woodward. 

IM'PACT, n. 1. Touch; impression. Darwin. — 2. In me- 
chanics, the single, instantaneous blow or stroke commu- 
nicated from one body in motion to another either in mo- 
tion or at rest. — Barlow. 

1M-P ACTED, pp. Driven hard ; made close by driving. 

IM-P ACTING, ppr. Driving or pressing close. 

IM-PaINT, v. t. To paint f to adorn with colors. 

IM-PaINT'ED, pp. Ornamented with colors. 

IM-PaINT'ING, ppr. Adorning with colors. 

IM-PaIR', v. t. [Fr. empirer.] 1. To make worse ; to lessen 
in quantity, value, or excellence. 2. To lessen in power ; 
to make more feeble ; as, to impair one's health or 
strength. — Syn. To diminish ; decrease ; injure ; weaken ; 
enfeeble. 

IM-PaIR', v. i. To be lessened or worn out. [Little used.] 

IM'PAIR, a. [L. impar.] 1. Unsuitable.— Shak. ; [obs] 2. 
In crystallography, a term applied by Haiiy to crystals 
whose sides and summits have not the same number of 
facesj [disused.] 

f IM-PaIR', \n. Diminution; decrease; injury. — 

t IM-PaIR'MENT, 5 Brown. 

IM-P AIRE D' (im-pard'), pp. or a. Diminished; injured; 
weakened. 

IM-PaIR'ER, n. He or that which impairs. 

IM-PaIR'ING, ppr. Making worse ; lessening ; injuring ; en- 
feebling. 

IM-PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Unpalatable. [Little used.] 

IM-PaLE', v. t. [L. in and palus.] 1. To fix on a stake ; to 
put to death by fixing on an upright, sharp stake. [See 
Empale.] 2. To inclose with stakes, posts, or palisades. 
— 3. In heraldry, to join two coats of arms pale-wise. 

IM-PaLE'MENT, n. 1. The act of inclosing or surrounding 
with stakes. — Milton ; [rare.] 2. A punishment formerly 
used by the Turks and other nations, which consisted in 
thrusting a stake through the fundament into the body, 
and thus leaving the victim to a lingering death. Brande. 
— 3. In heraldry, the division of a shield pale-wise. — Brande. 

t IM-PAL'LID, v. t. To make pallid or pale.— Feltham. 

IM-P aLM' (im-pam/), v. t. [L. in and palma.] To grasp ; to 
take in the hand. 

IM-PAL-PA-BIL'1-TY, n. The quality of not being palpable, 
or perceptible by the touch. — Jortin. 

IM-PAL'PA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be felt ; so fine as not 
to be perceived by the touch. 2. Not coarse or gross. 

IM-P ALT A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be felt. 

IM-PAL'SIED (-pol'zid), pp. Struck with palsy. 

IM-PAL'SY (-pol'ze), v. t. To strike with palsy ; to paralyze ; 
to deaden. 

IM-PAL'SY-ING, ppr. Affecting with palsy. 

IM'PA-NATE, a. [L. in and panis.] Embodied in bread. — 
Cranmer. 

IM'PA-NATE, v. t. To embody with bread.— Waterland. 

IM'PA-Na-TED, pp. Embodied in bread. 

IMTA-Na-TING, ppr. Embodying in bread. 

IM-PA-Na'TION, n. The supposed real presence and union 
of Christ's material body and blood, with the substance 
of bread in the eucharist. 

IM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To write or enter the names of a jury 
in a list or on a piece of parchment, called a panel ; to 
form, complete, or enroll a list of jurors. 

lM-PAN'NEL_ED,#p. Having the names entered in a pan- 
el ; formed, as a jury. 



IM-PAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Writing the names on a panel ; 
forming, as a jury. 

IM-PARA-DlSE, v. t. [It. impar adisare.] To put in a place 
of supreme felicity ; to make perfectly happy. 

IM-PARA-DlS£D, pp. Placed in a condition resembling 
that of paradise ; made perfectly happy. 

IM-PARA-DlS-ING, ppr. Making perfectly happy. 

t IM-PARAL-LELED, a. Unparalleled.— Burnet. 

IM-PAR-A-SYL-LAB'IC, a. [L. in, par, and syllaba.] Not 
consisting of an equal number of syllables ; [a term ap- 
plied to a noun, which in declension varies the number of 
syllables.] 

IM-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Unpardonable.— South. 

IM-PAR'I-TY, n. 1. Inequality ; disproportion. 2. Odd- 
ness ; indivisibility into equal parts. 3. Difference of de- 
gree, rank, or excellence. 

IM-PaRK', v. t. To inclose for a park ; to make a park by 
inclosure ; to sever from a common. 

IM-PaRKED' (im-parkr), pp. Confined in a park. 

IM-PAKK'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a park. 

IM-P ARE', v. i. [Norm, emperler.] To hold mutual discourse ; 
appropriately, in law, to have license to settle a lawsuit am- 
icably ; to have delay for mutual adjustment. 

IM-PaRL'ANCE, n. 1. Properly, leave for mutual dis- 
course ; appropriately, in law, the license or privilege of a 
defendant to have delay of trial to see if he can settle the 
matter amicably. 2. The continuance of a cause till an- 
other day. 

IM-PAR-SON-EE', a. A parson imparsonee is a parson pre- 
sented, instituted and inducted into a rectory. 

IM-PaRT, v. t. [L. impertior.] 1. To bestow on another a 
share or portion of something. — 2. In a toider sense, simply 
to bestow on another ; as, to impart importance. — Gold- 
smith. 3. To convey the knowledge of something ; to 
make known ; to show by words or tokens ; as, to impart 
thoughts. Milton. — Syn. To communicate ; share ; yield ; 
confer ; grant ; give ; reveal ; disclose ; discover ; divulge. 

IM-P ART' ANCE, n. Communication of a share ; grant. 

IM-PaRT-a'TION, n. The act of imparting or conferring. 

IM-PART'ED, pp. or a. Communicated ; granted ; con- 
ferred. 

IM-PaRT'ER, n. One who imparts.— Boyle. 

IM-PaR'TIAL (-par'shal), a. 1. Not partial ; not biased in 
favor of one party more than another ; indifferent ; un- 
prejudiced ; disinterested. 2. Not favoring one party 
more than another ; equitable ; just. 

IM-PARTIAL-IST, n. One who is impartial. 

IM-PaR-TIAL'I-TY (im-par-shal'e-ty), n. 1. Indifference of 
opinion or judgment ; freedom from bias in favor of one 
side or party more than another ; disinterestedness. 2. 
Equitableness ; justice. 

IM-PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. Without bias of judgment ; without 
prejudice ; equitably ; justly. 

IM-PaRT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of not being subject 
to partition. 2. The quality of being capable of being com- 
municated. 

IM-PaRT'I-BLE, a. [Sp. impartible.] 1. Not partible or sub- 
ject to partition. 2. [from impart.] That may be impark 
ed, conferred, bestowed, or communicated. 

IM-PaRT'ING, ppr. Communicating; granting ; bestowing. 

IM-PaRT'MENT, n. The act of imparting ; the communi- 
cation of knowledge ; disclosure. — Shak. 

IM-PASS'A-BLE, a. That can not be passed; not admitting 
a passage. Milton. — Syn. Impervious ; impenetrable . 
pathless. 

IM-PASSA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being impassable. 

IM-PISS A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that prevents 
passing, or the power of nassing. 

IM-PAS-SI-BIL'1-TY, \ n. ' Exemption from pain or suf- 

IM-PAS'SI-BLE-NESS, j fering ; insusceptibility of injury 
from external things. 

IM-PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. impassible.] Incapable of pain, pas 
sion, or suffering ; that can not be affected with pain or 
uneasiness. 

IM-PAS'SION (im-pash'un), v. t. To move or affect strong- 
ly with passion. 

IM-PAS'SION-A-BLE, a. Excitable; easily roused, to an- 
ger. 

IM-PAS'SION-ITE, v. t. To affect powerfully. 

IM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Strongly affected. 2. Without 
passion or feeling.— Burton. 

IM-PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Actuated or agitated by passion. 2. 
Animated ; excited ; having the feelings warmed, as a 
speaker. 3. Animated ; expressive of passion or ardor, 
as a harangue. 

IM-PAS'SIVE, a. [L. in and passus.] Not susceptible oi 
pain or suffering. — Dryden. 

IM-PAS'SlyE-LY^u. Without sensibility to pain. 

IM-PAS'SIVE-NESS, n. The state of being insusceptible of 
pain. — Moth tagu. 

IM-PAS-SIV'I-TY, n. The quality of being insusceptible of 
feeling, pain, or suffering. 

IM-PAS-Ta'TION, n. A union or mixture of different sub- 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— F iR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



IMP 



519 



IMP 



etituc«s by means of cements, which are capable ofresist- 
ingthe action of fire or air. — Brande. 

IM-PASTE', v. t. [Fr. empdter.] 1. To knead; to make into 
paste. — 2. In painting, to lay on colors thick and bold. 

IM-PaSTED, pp. or a. 1. Concreted, as into paste. — Shah. 
2. Pasted over ; covered with paste, or with thick paint. 

IM-PaSTTNG, ppr. Making into paste. 

IM-PAT'I-BLE, a. [L. impatibilis.] Intolerable ; that can not 
be borne. 

[M-Pa'TIENCE (im-pa'shens), n. [Fr.; L. impatientia.] Un- 
easiness under pain or suffering ; the not enduring pain 
with composure ; restlessness. 

IM-Pa'TIENT (im-pa'shent), a, [L. impatiens.] 1. Uneasy 
or fretful under suffering ; not bearing pain with compo- 
sure ; not enduring evil without fretfulness, uneasiness, 
and a desire or effort to get rid of the evil. 2. Not suffer- 
ing quietly ; not enduring. 3. Hasty ; eager ; not enduring 
delay. 4. Not to be borne. — Spenser. 

IM-Pa'TIENT, n. One who is restless under suffering. 
[Rare.] 

IM-Pa'TIENT-LY, adv. 1. With uneasiness or restlessness. 
2. With eager desire, causing uneasiness. 3. Passionate- 
ly ; ardently. 

M-PAT-RON-I-ZaTION, n. Absolute seignory or posses- 
sion. — Cotgrave. 

IM-PATE.ON-IZE, v. t. [Fr. impair oniser.] To gain to one's 
self the power of any seignory. 

IM-PAWN', v. t. To pawn; to pledge; to deposit as se- 
curity. 

IM-PAWN.ED', pp. Pledged. 

IM-PAWN'ING, ppr. Pledging. 

IM-PeACH', v. t. [Fr. empecher.] 1. To hinder ; to impede ; 
[obs.] — 2. In laic, to charge with a crime or misdemeanor, 
before a proper tribunal, as a public officer.— 3. In a. wider 
sense, to call in question ; to charge with impropriety, as 
one's intentions or conduct. 4. To call to account; to 
charge as answerable. — Syn. To accuse ; arraign ; cen- 
sure ; criminate ; indict. 
IM-PeACH', n. Hinderance.— Shak. 

IM-PeACH'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to accusation ; chargeable 
with a crime ; accusable ; censurable. 2. Liable to be 
called in question ; accountable. 

IM-PeACHED' (im-peechf),^. Hindered ; [obs.] 2. Ac- 
cused; charged with a crime, misdemeanor, or wrong; 
censured. 

IM-PEACH'ER, 7i. An accuser by authority ; one who calls 
in qiiestion. 

IM-PE ACHING, ppr. 1. Hindering; [obs.] 2. Accusing by 
authority ; calling in question the rectitude of conduct. 

IM-PeACH'MENT, n. 1. Hinderance; impediment; stop; 
obstruction.— Shak. : [obs.] 2. An accusation or charge 
brought against a public officer for maladministration in 
his office. 3. The act of impeaching. 4. Censure ; ac- 
cusation ; a calling in question the purity of motives or 
the rectitude of conduct, <fcc. 5. The act of calling to ac- 
count, as for waste. 6. The state of being liable to ac- 
count, as for waste. 

LM-PeARL' (im-perl'), v. t. 1. To form in the resemblance 
of pearls. 2. To decorate with pearls, or with things re- 
sembling pearls. 

IM-PEARLED'. pp. Formed like pearls. 

IM-PE AP^LTNG, ppr. Forming in the resemblance of pearls ; 
decorating with pearls. 

IM-PE€-€A~BII/I-TY, )n. The quality of not being liable 

IM-PE€'€AN-CY, ) to sm ; exemption from sin, error, 

or offense. — Pope. 

IM-PEC'CA-BLE, a. [Sp. impecable ; Fr. impeccable.] Not lia- 
ble to sin ; not subject to sin ; exempt from the possibility 
of sinning. 

IM-PeDE', v. t. [Sp. impedir ; L. 'unpedio.] To hinder ; to 
retard ; to stop in progress ; to obstruct. 

IM-PeD'ED, pp. Hindered; stopped; obstructed. 

IM-PEDI-BLE, a. That may be impeded. 

IM-PED'I-MENT, n. [L. impedimenium.] 1. That which hin- 
ders progress or motion. 2. That which prevents distinct 
articulation in speaking. — Syn. Hinderance ; obstruction ; 
obstacle ; difficulty. 
IM-PED'I-MENT, v. t. To impede.— Bp. Reynolds. 

IM-PED-I-MENT'AL, a. Hindering; obstructing. 

IM-PeDTNG, ppr. Hindering; stopping; obstructing. 

t IM'PE-DlTE, v. t. To impede. 

IM'PE-DlTE, a. Hindered.— Taylor. 

IM-PE-Dl"TION (im-pe-dish'un), n. A hindering.— Baxter. 

IM-PED'I-TIVE, a. Causing hinderance.— Sanderson. 

IM-PEL', v. t. [Sp. impeler ; L. impello.] To drive or urge 
forward ; to press on ; to excite to action. — Syn. To insti- 
gate ; incite ; induce ; influence ; actuate ; move. 

(M-PELL.ED' (im-peld'), pp. Driven forward; urged on; 
moved by any force or power. 

JM-PEL'LENT, a. Having the quality of impelling. 
IM-PEL'LENT, n. A power or force that drives forward ; 

impcJsive power. — Glanville. 
rM-P^L'LER, n. He or that which impels. 



IM-PEL'LING, ppr. or a. Driving forward, urging; press 
ing. 

IM-PEN', v. t. To pen ; to shut or inclose. 

IM-PEND', v. i. [L. impendeo.] 1. To hang over; to be sus- 
pended above ; to threaten. 2. To be near ; to be approach- 
ing and ready to fall on. 

IM-PEND'ENCE, In. The state of hanging over; near ap 

IM-PEND EN-CY, > proach; a menacing attitude. 

LM-PEND'ENT, a. Hanging over; imminent; threatening , 
pressing closely. — Hale. 

IM-PEND'ING, ppr. or a. Hanging over ; approaching near , 
threatening. 

IM-PEN-E-TRA-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being iin- 
penetrable. — 2. In natural philosophy, that quality of mat- 
ter by which it excludes all other matter from "the space 
it occupies. 3. Insusceptibility of intellectual impression. 

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. [L. impenetrabilis.] 1. That can not 
be penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage of 
other bodies ; impervious. 2. Not to be affected or moved ; 
not admitting impressions on the mind. 3. Not to be en- 
tered by the sight. 4. Not to be entered and viewed by 
the eye of the intellect. 

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE-NESS. n. Impenetrability, which sec. 

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLY, adv. 1. With solidity that admits not 
of being penetrated. 2. With hardness that admits not of 
impression. 

IM-PEN'I-TENCE, }n. [Ft. impenitence.] Want of penitence 

IM-PEN'1-TEN-CY, > or repentance ; absence of contrition 
or sorrow for sin ; obduracy ; hardness of heart. 

LM-PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr.] Not penitent; not repenting of 
sin ; not contrite ; obdurate ; of a hard heart 

IM-PEN'I-TENT, n. One who does not repent ; a hardened 
sinner. 

IM-PEN'I-TENT-L Y, adv. Without repentance or contrition 
for sin ; obdurately. 

IM-PEN'NATE, a. or n. [L. im and p&nna.] A term applied 
to swimming birds, as penguins, characterized by short 
wings covered with feathers resembling scales. — Brande. 

IM-PEN'N.ED, pp. Inclosed in a narrow place. 

IM-PEN'NING, ppr. Inclosing in a narrow place. 

IM-PEN'NOUS, a. Having no wings ; wingless. 

IM-PeO'PLE (im-pee'pl), v. t. To form into a community 
— Beaum. and Fl. 

IM-PeO'PLjED, pp. Formed into a community. 

IM-PeO'PLING, ppr. Forming into a community. 

IM'PE-RANT, a. [L. impero.] Commanding. — Baxter. 

t IM'PE-RATE, a. [L. imperatus.] Done by impulse or di- 
rection of the mind. — South. 

IM-PER'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. imperatif; L. imperativus.] 1. Com 
manding ; authoritative ; expressive of command ; contain- 
ing positive command. — 2. In grammar, the imperative 
mode of a verb is that which expresses command, exhor- 
tation, &c. 

IM-PER'A-TIVE-LY, adv. With command ; authoritatively. 

t IM-PER-A-To'RI-AL, a. Commandin <?.— Norris. 

IM-PER-CElV'A-BLE, a. Imperceptible. 

IM-PER-CElV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Imperceptibleness. 

LM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be perceived ; not 
to be known or discovered by the senses. 2. Very small ; 
fine ; minute in dimensions ; or very slow in motion or 
progress. 

IM-PER-CEPTI-BLE, n. That which can not be perceived 
by the senses on account of its smallness. [Little used.] 

IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, \n. The quality of being hn- 

IM-PER-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, 5 perceptible.— Hale. 

IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be perceived. 

IM-PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. Not perceiving or having power to 
perceive. — Baxter. 

IM-PER-DI-BIL'I-T Y, n. State or quality of being imperdible. 

IM-PER'DI-BLE, a. Not destructible. [Bad.] 

IM-PER'FECT, a. [L.imperfectus.] 1. Not finished ; not com- 
plete. 2. Defective ; not entire, sound, or whole ; wanting 
a part; impaired, as a volume or book. 3. Not perfect in 
intellect ; liable to err. 4. Not perfect in a moral view ; 
not according to the laws of God, or the rules of right ; 
faulty. — 5. In grammar, the imperfect tense denotes an ac- 
tion in time past, then present, but not finished. — 6. In 
music, incomplete ; not having all the accessary sounds. — 
7. In botany, wanting either stamens or pistils, as a flower. 
— Imperfect number, one which is not equal to the sum of 
its aliquot parts or divisors. See Perfect. 

IM-PER-FEC'TION, n. [Fr., and L. imperfecta.] 1. The 
want of a part or of something necessary to complete a 
thing. — 2. In book-binding, a sheet or signature wanting to 
complete a book. — Syn. Defect ; deficiency ; incomplete- 
ness ; fault ; failing ; weakness ; frailty ; foible ; blemish ; 
vice. 

IM-PER'FE€T-L Y, ado. In an imperfect manner or degree 
not fully ; not entirely; not completely. 

IM-PER'FECT-NESS, n. The state of being imperfect 

IM-PER'FO-RA-BLE, a. That can not be perforated. 

IM-PERTO-RATE. a. [L. in andperforatus.] Not perforated 
or pierced ; having no opening. — Sharpe. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete 



IMP 



520 



IMP 



1. Not perforated. 2. Having no 
The state of being not perforated, 



1M-PERTO-R1-TED, 
pores. 

IM-PER-FO-RXTION 
or without any aperture, 

IM-Pe'RI-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. imperialis.] 1. Pertaining to an 
empire, or to an emperor. 2. Royal ; belonging to a mon- 
arch. 3. Pertaining to royalty ; denoting sovereignty. 4. 
Commanding ; maintaining supremacy.— Imperial chamber, 
the sovereign court of the German Empire. — Imperial city, 
a city in Germany having no head but the emperor. — Im- 
perial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German Em- 
pire. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL, n. 1. In architecture, a kind of dome which is 
broad below and tapers very rapidly at the top, as in 
Moorish buildings. 2. A tuft of hair on a man's lower lip. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to an emperor ; a 
subject or soldier of an emperor, especially, of the German 
emperor. 

IM-PE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Imperial power. 2. The right of 
an emperor_to a share of the produce of mines, &c. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-iZjED, a. Belonging to an emperor. — Fuller. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a royal manner. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-TY, n. Imperial power.— Sheldo: 

IM-PER'IL, v. t. To bring into danger .- 

IM-PERIL.ED, pp. Brought into danger 

1M-PERTL-ING, ppr. Bringing into danger. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS, a. [L. imperiosus.] 1. Having the air or spirit 
of dictation, haughtiness, or arrogance. 2. Springing from 
or indicating a spirit of arrogance and dictation, as lan- 
guage or commands. 3. Powerful ; not to be opposed by 
obstacles ; as, a vast and imperious mind ; [rare.] 4. Urg- 
ent; not capable of being resisted ; as, imperious necessity. 
5. Authoritative ; commanding with rightful authority. — 
Syn. Dictatorial ; haughty ; domineering ; overbearing ; 
lordly ; tyrannical ; despotic ; arrogant ; imperative ; com- 
manding; pressing. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With arrogance of command ; 
with a haughty air of authority ; in a domineering manner. 
2. With urgency or force not to be opposed. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Authority ; air of command.— 
South. 2. Arrogance of command ; haughtiness. 

IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. [Fr. imperissable.] Not subject to 
decay ; not liable to perish ; indestructible ; enduring per- 
manently; everlasting. 

IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imper- 
ishable. 

IM-PER'ISH-A-BLY, adv. In an imperishable manner. 

IM-PE'RI-UM IN IM-Pe'RI-O. [L.] Government within 
a government 

IM-PER'MA-NENCE, n. Want of permanence. 

IM-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent. 

IM-PER-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality in bodies of not 
permitting a fluid to pass through them. 

1M-PERME-A-BLE, a. [L. in and permeo.] A term applied 
to bodies which do not permit fluids to pass through them. 

IM-PER'ME-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being impermeable. 

IM-PER'ME-A-BLY, adv. In an impermeable manner. 

IM-PER-S€RU'TA-BLE, a. That can not be searched out. 

IM-PER-S€Ru'TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of not being capable 
of scrutiny. 

IM-PER'SON-AL, a. [Fr. impersonnel.] In grammar, an im- 
personal verb is one which is used only with the termina- 
tion of the third person singular, with it for a nominative 
in English, and without a nominative in Latin ; as, it rains. 

IM-PER-SON-AL'1-TY, n. Want or indistinctness of per- 
sonality. 

iM-PER'SON-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an impersonal 
verb. 

IM-PER'SON-ITE, v. t. 1. To invest with personality or the 
bodily substance of a living being. 2. To ascribe the 
qualities of a person ; to personify. 

IM-PER'SON-I-TED, pp. or a. Made persons of.— Warton. 

IM-PER-SON-A'TION, n. 1. Embodiment, or state of being 
invested with personality. 2. The act of personifying. 

IM-PER-SPI-€u'I-TY, n. Want of perspicuity, or clearness 
to the mind. 

IM-PER-SPI€'U-OUS, a. Not perspicuous ; not clear. 

IM-PER-SUI'SI-BLE, a. [L. in and persuasiUUs.] Not to be 
moved by persuasion ; not yielding to arguments. 

lM-PER'TI-NENCE, \n. [Fr •. impertinence.] 1. That which 

1M-PERTI-NEN-C Y, > is not pertinent ; that which does 
not belong to the subject in hand ; that which is of no 
weight. — Bacon. 2. The state of not being pertinent. 3. 
Folly : rambling thought ; [little used.] 4. Rudeness ; im- 
proper intrusion ; interference by word or conduct which 
is not consistent vith the age or station of the person. 5. 
A trifle ; a thing of little or no value. — Watts. 

IM-PER'TI-NENT, a. TL. impertinens.] 1. Not pertaining to 
the matter in hand ;" of no weight ; having no bearing on 
the subject ; irrelevant. — Tillotson. 2. Meddling with that 
which does not belong to the person. 3. Trifling ; foolish ; 
negligent of the present purpose. Pope. — Syn. Rude ; of- 
ficious ; intrusive ; saucy ; impudent ; insolent. 



IM-PER'TI-NENT, n. An intruder ; a meddler ; one wno 
interferes in what does not belong to him. 

IM-PERTI-NENT-LY, adv. 1. Without relation to the mat 
ter in hand. 2. Officiously ; intrusively ; rudely. 

IM-PER-TRAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not bein? 
capable of being passed through. — Hale. 

IM-PER-TRAN'SI-BLE, a. Not to be passed through. 

IM-PER-TURB'A-BLE, a. That can not be disturbed or agi 
tated ; permanently quiet. — Encyc. 

IM-PER-TUR-Ba'TION, n. Freedom from agitation of 
mind; calmness. — W.Montague. 

t IM-PER-TURB ED' (im-per-turbd'), a. Undisturbed.— Bailey 

IM-PER'VI-A-BLE, a. Impervious. 

IM-PER'VI-A-BLE-NESS, ? T • „ , D 

IM-PER-VI-A-BIL'I-T Y \ n ' Im P ervi0USness - — -E& Rev. 

IM-PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. impervius.] 1. Not to be penetrated 
or passed through. 2. Not penetrable ; not to be pierced 
by a pointed instrument. 3. Not penetrable by light ; not 
permeable to fluids. — Syn. Impassable ; pathless ; impene- 
trable ; impervious. 

IM-PER' VT-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to prevent passage 
or penetration. 

IM-PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of not admitting a 



t IM-PES'TER, v. t. [Fr. impestrer.] To vex ; to tease. 

IM-PE-TI61N-OUS, a. [L. impetigo.] Of the nature of im- 
petigo^ 

IM-PE-Tl'GO, n. [L.] A cutaneous eruption of pustules 
which are yellow and itching, and terminate in a yellow, 
scaly crust, with cracks. — Good. 

IM'PE-TRA-BLE, a. That may be obtained by petition. 

IM'PE-TRaTE, v. t. [L. impetro.] To obtain by request or 
entreaty. — Usher. 

IM-PE-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of obtaining by prayer or 
petition. — 2. In law, the preobtaining of benefices from the 
Church of Rome, which belonged to the disposal of thf 
king and other lay patrons of the realm. 

IM'PE-TRA-Tl VE, a. Obtaining ; tending to obtain by er 
treaty. — Bp. Hall. 

IMTE-TRA-TO-RY, a. Beseeching ; containing entreaty.- 
Taylor. 

IM-PET-U-OST-TY, n. 1. A rushing with violence and great 
force ; fury ; violence. 2. Vehemence ; furiousness of 
temper. 

IM-PET'U-OUS (im-pefyu-us), a. [Fr. impetueux ; L. impetw- 
osus.] 1. Rushing with great force and violence ; moving 
rapidly. 2. Vehement of mind ; moving with precipitan- 
cy or violence ; [applied to persons or feelings.] — Syn. For- 
cible ; rapid ; hasty ; precipitate ; furious ; boisterous ; 
violent ; raging ; Serce ; passionate. 

IM-PET'U-OUS-LY, adv. Violently ; fiercely ; forcibly ; with 
haste and force. — Addison. 

IM-PET'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A driving or rushing with haste 
and violence ; furiousness ; fury ; violence. 2. Vehemence 
of temper ; violence. 

IM'PE-TUS, 7i. [L.] 1. Force of motion ; the force with 
which any body is driven or impelled. 2. The force with 
which one body in motion strikes another. 

IM-PICTUR.ED. a. Painted ; impressed.— Spenser. 

IM'PlER. See Umpire. 
t IM-PIeRCE', v. t. To pierce through ; to penetrate. — 
Drayton. 

IM-PIeRCE'A-BLE (im-peers'a-bl), a. Not to be pierced 
or penetrated. — Spenser. 

IM-PIeRC^ED', (-peersf) pp. Pierced through. 

IM-PIeRC'ING, ppr. Piercing through. 

IM-Pl'E-TY, n. [Fr. impiete; L. impietas.] 1. Irreverence 
toward the Supreme Being ; contempt of the divine char- 
acter and authority ; neglect of the divine precepts. 2. 
Any act of wickedness, as blasphemy and scoffing at the 
Supreme Being, or at his authority. — Syn. Ungodliness 
irreligion ; unrighteousness ; sinfulness ; profaneness 

t IM-PIG'NO-RITE, v. t. To pledge or pawn. 

t IM-PIG-NO-RITION, n. The act of pawning. 

IM-PIN6E' (im-pinj'), v. i. [L. impingo.] To fall against ; \m 
strike ; to dash against ; to clash upon. 

IM-PIN6E'MENT, n. Act of impinging.— D. Clinton. 

IM-PING'ING, ppr. Striking against. 

f IM-PIN"GUaTE (-gwate), v. t. To fatten ; to make fat. 

IM'PI-OUS, a. [L. impius.] 1. Irreverent toward the Su- 
preme Being ; wanting in veneration for God and his au- 
thority ; irreligious ; profane. 2. Irreverent toward God ; 
proceeding from or manifesting a contempt for the Su- 
preme Being ; tending to dishonor God or his laws, and 
bring them into contempt. 

IM'PI-OUS-LY, adv. With irreverence for God, or contempt 
for his authority ; profanely ; wickedly. 

IM'PI-OUS-NESS, n. Impiety ; contempt of God and hi9 
laws. 

IMPISH a. Having the qualities of an imp. 

IM-PLa-€A-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality of not being ap 

IM-PLa'€A-BLE-NESS, 5 peasable ; inexorableness ; irreo 
oncilable enmity or anger. 



* <?je Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, 1, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mr' VE, BOOK, 



IMP 



521 



IMP 



IM-PLa'GA-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. implacabilis.] 1. Not to 
be appeased ; that can not be pacified and rendered peace- 
able ; stubborn or constant in enmity. 2. Not to be ap- 
peased or subdued. — Syn. Unappeasable ; inexorable ; ir- 
reconcilable ; unrelenting ; relentless. 

LM-PLa'€A-BLY, adv. With enmity not to be pacified or 
subdued ; inexorably. 

LM-PLANT', v. t. To set, plant, or infix for the purpose of 
growth, as feelings or ideas in the mind. — Syn. To intro- 
duce : instill ; infuse. 

[M-PLANT-a'TION, n. The act of setting or infixing in the 
mind or heart, as principles. 

IM-PLANT'ED, pp. or a. Set ; infixed in the mind, as prin- 
ciples or rudiments. 

LM-PLANTTNG, ppr. Setting or infixing in the mind, as 
principles. 

IM-PLAU-SI-BILI-TY, n. The quality of not being plausible 
or specious. 

CM PLAU'SI-BLE, a. Not specious: not wearing the ap- 

' pearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be be- 
lieved. 

CM-PLAU'SI-BLE-NESS, n. State of not being plausible. 

IM-PLAUSI-BLY, adv. Without an appearance of proba- 
bility. 

\ IM-PLeACH', v. t. To interweave.— Shalt. 

IM-PLeAD', v. t. To institute and prosecute a suit against 
one in court ; to sue at law. 

IM-PLeAD'ED, pp. Prosecuted; sued; subject to answer 
to a suit in court. 

fM-PLEAD'ER, n. One who prosecutes another. 

IM-PLeADTNG. ppr. Prosecuting a suit. 

HM-P LEASING, a. Unpleasing. 

[M-PLED6E' (im-plei'), v. t. To pawn. 

IM-PLEDg£D', a. Pledged ; pawned. 

TM'PLE-MENT, n. [Low L. imphmmtum.] Whatever may 
supply wants ; particularly applied to tools, utensils, vessels, 
instruments : the tools or instruments of labor. 

IM'PLE-MENT-rNG, a. Furnishing with implements.— Ed. 
Ru: 

IM-PLe'TION. n. [L. impleo.] The act of filling ; the state 
of being full. 

[M'PLEX^ a. [L. implexus.] Infolded ; intricate ; entangled ; 
complicated. 

lM-PLEX'ION (im«plek'shun), n. The act of infolding or in- 
volving ; the state of being involved ; involution. [Little 
us?.d.] 

LMTLI-GaTE, v. t. [Fr. impliquer ; L. implico.] 1. To infold ; 
to involve ; to entangle. — Boyle. 2. To involve ; to bring 
into connection with : also, to show or prove to be con- 
nected or concerned, as in an offense. 

IMTLI-Ga-TED, pp. 1. Infolded ; involved. 2. Involved ; 
connected ; concerned ; proved to be concerned or to have 
had a part. 

IM'PLI-G A-TING. ppr. Involving • proving to be concerned. 

IM-PLI-€a'TION, to. [L. implication 1. The act of infolding 
or involving. 2. Involution : entanglement. — Boyle. 3. An 
implying, or that which is implied^ but not expressed ; a 
tacit inference, or something fairly to be understood, 
though not expressed in words. 

IM'PLI-GA-TIVE. a. Having implication. 

[M'PLI-€A-T IVE-LY, adv. By implication.— Buck. 

LM-PLlC'IT (im-plis'it), a. [L. implicitus.] 1. Infolded ; en- 
tangled ; complicated ; [little used.] 2. Implied ; tacitly 
comprised ; fairly to be understood, though not expressed 
in words, as a compact — South. 3. Resting on another ; 
trusting to the word or authority of another, without 
doubting or reserve, or without examining into the truth 
of the thing itself : as. implicit belief. 

IM-PLiC'IT-LY, adv. 1. By inference deducible, but not 
expressed in words ; virtually ; in reality, but not in name. 
2. By connection with something else ; dependency ; with 
unreserved confidence. 

IM-PLIC'IT-NESS, n. The state of being implicit ; the state 
of trusting without reserve. 

IM-PLLED' (im-pllde'), pp. or a. Involved ; contained virtu- 
ally, though not expressed. 

IM-PLTED-LY, adv. By implication. 

LM-PLO-Ra'TION, n. Earnest supplication.— Bp. Hall. 

f IMTLO-RI-TOPu n. One who implores.— Shah. 

IM-PLoRE', v. t. [Fr. implorer; L. imploro.] 1. To call upon 
or for, in supplication ; to pray earnestly ; to petition with 
urgency. 2. To ask earnestly. — Syn. To supplicate ; be- 
seech : entreat ; crave ; beg ; solicit. 

IM-PLoRE'. v. i. To entreat; to beg. 

MM-PLoRE', n. Earnest supplication. — Spenser. 

IM-PL5R.ED' (im-plord'), pp. Earnestly supplicated. 

IM-PLoR'ER. ?2. One who prays earnestly. 

IM-PLoR'ING, ppr. or a. Beseeching; entreating; praying 
earnestly. 

IM-PLoRTNG-LY, adv. In the manner of entreaty. 

IM-PLCMZD' (im-plumd'), \ a. Having no plumes or feath- 

IM-PLtJM'OUS, I ers. — Johnson. 

IM-PLUNGE' (im-plunj"), v. t. To plunge ; to immerse. 



Dove -—BULL, UNITE ;— AN'CER, Yl'CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z; cHasSH; TH as in this. 



IM-PLf, v. t. [Fr. impliquer ; L. implico.] L Literally, to In 
fold or involve ; to wrap up ; [obs.] 2. To involve or con 
tain in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by 
construction of law, when not expressed in words. — Syn. 
To include : comprise : import ; mean ; denote ; signify. 

IM-PLfTNG, ppr. Involving ; containing in substance," or by 
fair inference, or by construction of law. 

f DI-POGK'ET, v. t. To pocket 

IM-POIS'ON. v. t. [Fr. empoisonner.] 1. To poison ; to im- 
pregnate with poison ; to corrupt with poison. 2. To im- 
bitttr : to impair. 3. To kill with poison ; [rare.] 

]QC-POI8'0N.ED, pip. Poisoned; corrupted; imbittered. 

IM-POIS'ON-IN G, ppr. Poisoning: corrupting; imbittering. 

IM-POIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of poisoning. 

tIM-Po'LAR-I-LY. adv. Not according to the direction of 
the poles. — E ' 

IM-POL1-CY, n. Inexpedience ; unsuitableness to the end 
proposed ; bad policy ; defect of wisdom. 

IM-PO-LiTE'. a. Not of polished manners ; unpolite ; un- 
ci nl : rude in manners. 

IM-PO-LITE'LY, adv. Uncivilly. 

DI-PO-LlTEXESS. n. Incivility: want of good manners. 

DI-POL'I-TIG. a. 1. Not wise ; devising and pursuing meas- 
ures adapted to injure the public interest. 2. Unwise , 
adapted to injure the public interest 3. Not wise in pri- 
vate concerns ; pursuing measures ill suited to promote 
private welfare ; not prudent. 4. Not suited to promote 
private interest. — Six. Indiscreet; incautious; imprudent; 
inexpedient 

tIM-PO-LITI€-AL, for impolitic. 

t IM-PO-LIT'IG-AL-LY, adv. Without art or forecast.— Ba- 
con. — Niekleson. — Mickle. 

DI-POL'I-TIG-LY, adv. Not wisely ; not with due forecast 
and prudence ; in a manner to injure public or private in- 
terest 

DI-PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Destitution of sensible weight. 

IM-PON'DER-A-BLE, a. Not having sensible weight. Heat, 
light, electricity, and magnetism are called imponderabla 
substances. 

DI-PON'DER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being imponder- 
able. 

IM-PON'DER-OUS. a. Not having sensible weight— Broun. 

DI-PON'DER-OUS-NESS. n. State of being imponderous 

t IM-P5NE'. v. t. [L. 1 To stake ; to wager.— Shak. 

t IM-POOR'. v. t. To impoverish.— Browne. 

1M-PO-ROST -TY, n. Want of porosity ; closeness of tex- 
ture ; compactness that excludes pores. 

DI-Pu'ROUS, a. Destitute of pores; very close or compact 
in texture ; solid. — Bruiai. 

IM-PoRT', v. t. [Fr. importer ; L. importo.] 1. To bring from 
a foreign country or jurisdiction, or from another state, 
into one's own country, jurisdiction, or state ; opposed to 
export. 2. To bear or convey, as signification or meaning. 
3. To be of weight to ; to be of moment or consequence 
to : to bear on the interest of, or to have a bearing on. 
Dry den. — Syn. To denote ; mean; signify; imply; inter- 
est: concern. 

IM'PoRT, ?2. 1. That which is borne or conveyed in words ; 
meaning ; signification ; drift : tendency : the sense which 
words are intended to convey. Import differs from impli- 
cation in this, that the meaning of a term or number of 
words in connection is less obscurely expressed. Import 
depends less on inference or deduction than implication, 
and is also applied more frequently to a single word. 2. 
That which is imported or brought into a country from 
another country or state ; [generally in the plural] 3. 
Importance; weight; consequence. — Dry den ; [formerly 
accent d uo the second syllable.] 

IM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be imported. 2. Insup 
portable : not to be endured. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

* IM-PORT'ANCE, n. [Fr.; Sp. importancia.] 1. Weight; 

consequence ; magnitude ; moment ; a bearing on some 
interest ; that quality of any thing by which it may affect 
a measure, interest or result 2. Weight or consequence 
in the scale of being. 3. Weight or consequence in self- 
estimation. 4. Thing implied; matter; subject; impor- 
tunity. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

* IM-FORT'ANT. a. [Fr.] 1. Weighty; momentous: of 

great consequence: having a bearing on some interest, 
measure, or result, by which good or ill may be produced. 
2. Bearing on; forcible; driving. — Spenser. 3. Importu- 
nate: [not used.] 

IM-PORT' AN T-LY, adr. Weightily; forcibly. 

IM-PoR.-Tl'TION. 72. [Fr.] 1. The act or practice of im- 
porting, or of bringing from another country or state. 2. 
The wares or commodities imported. 3. Conveyance. 

DI-PoRTED, pp. or a. Brought from another country or 
state. 

DI-PoRTER, 72. He who imports; the merchant who, by 
himself or his agent, brings goods from another country 
or state. 

IM-P5RTTNG. ppr. or a. 1. Bringing goods. &c, into one'9 
own country or state from a foreign or distant state. 2, 

t Obso'i-ae. 



IMP 



522 



IMP 



Bearing, as a signification ; meaning. 3. Having weight or 
consequence. 

r IM-PoRT'LESS, a. Of no weight or consequence. — Shak. 

IM-PORT'U-NA-CY, n. The act of importuning ; importu- 
nateness. 

TM-PORT'U-NATE, a. [L. importunus.] 1. Bearing on ; 
pressing or urging in request or demand ; urgent and per- 
tinacious in solicitation, as a suitor. 2. Pressing ; urgent, 
as a request. 3. Inciting urgently for gratification, as the 
appetites. — Rogers. 

lM-PORT'U-NATE-LY, adv. With urgent request; with 
pressing solicitation. 

IM-PORT'U-NATE-NESS, n. Urgent solicitation. 

t IM-PORTU-Na-TOR, n. One who importunes. 

IM-POR-TuNE', v. t. [Fr. importuner.] To request with ur- 
gency ; to press with solicitation ; to urge with frequent 
or unceasing application. 

t IM-POR-TuNE', a. [L. importunus.] 1. Pressing in request ; 
urgent; troublesome by frequent demands ; vexatious ; 
unreasonable; importunate. 2. Unseasonable. 

IM-POR-TUN.ED', pp. Requested with urgency. 

t IM-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. 1. With urgent solicitation ; in- 
cessantly; continually; tioublesomely. 2. Unseasonably; 
improperly. 

IM-POR.-T0N'ER, n. One who is importunate. — Watcrhouse. 

IM-POR-TON'ING, ppr. Soliciting with urgency. 

IM-POR-Tu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. importunite ; L. import unitas.] 
Pressing solicitation; urgent request; application for a 
claim or favor, which is urged with troublesome frequen- 
cy or pertinacity. 

lM-PORT'U-OUS, a. [L. importuosus.] Without a port, ha- 
ven, or harbor. 

IM-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may be imposed or laid on. 

IM-PoS'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being imposabie. 

IM-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. imposer.] 1. To lay on ; to set on : to 
lay on, as a burden, tax, toll, duty, or penalty. 2. To place 
over by authority or by force. 3. To lay on, as a com- 
mand ; to enjoin, as a duty. 4. To fix on ; to impute ; 
[little used.] 5. To lay on, as hands in the ceremony of 
ordination or of confirmation. 6. To obtrude fallaciously. 
— 7. Among printers, to put the pages on the stone and fit 
on the chase, and thus prepare the form for the press. — 
To impose on, to deceive ; to mislead by a trick or false 
pretense ; to delude ; to cheat. 

\ IM-P6SE', n. Command ; injunction. — Shak. 

IM-POS.ED' (im-pozd'), pp. Laid on, as a tax, burden, duty, 
or penalty ; enjoined. — Imposed on, deluded ; misled. 

IM-POSE'MENT, n. Imposition.— Moore. [Bad.] 

IM-PoS'ER. 7i. One who lays on ; one who enjoins. 

IM-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Laying on ; enjoining ; deceiving. 2. 
a. Commanding; adapted to impress forcibly. — Bp. Ho- 
bart. 

IM-PoS'ING, n. Among printers, the act of putting the pages 
of a sheet in proper order on the imposing-stone, and pre- 
paring them to be printed. — Brande. 

IM-POS'ING-SToNE, n. Among printers, the stone on which 
the pages or columns of types are imposed, or made into 
forms. 

IM-PoS'ING-LY, adv. In an imposing manner. 

IM-PO-Si"TION (im-po-zish'un), n. [Fr., from L. impositio.] 
1. In a general sense, the act of laying on. 2. The act of 
laying on hands in the ceremony of ordination. 3. The 
act of setting on or affixing to. — Boyle. 4. That which is 
imposed ; a tax, toll, duty, or excise laid by authority. 5. 
Injunction, as of a law or duty. — Milton. 6. Constraint ; 
oppression; burden. — Watts. 7. Deception; imposture. 
8. A supernumerary exercise enjoined on students as a 
punishment ; [Eng.] 

IM-POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. That which can not be ; the state 
of being not possible to 'exist. 2. Impracticability ; the 
state or quality of being not feasible or possible to be done. 

lM-POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. impossibilis.] 1. That can not 
be. 2. Impracticable ; not feasible ; that can not be done. 
— Impossible quantity. See Imaginary. 

IM'PoST, n. [Sp., It. imposta.] 1. Any tax imposed by au- 
thority, panic.) darty, a tax levied on imported goods. — 2. In 
architecture, that part of a pillar, in vaults and arches, on 
which the weight of the building rests ; also, a small cor- 
nice which surmounts a pier or pilaster, and serves as a 
base for the construction of an arch. — Syn. Tribute ; ex- 
cise ; custom ; duty. 

IM-POS'THU-MaTE (im-pos'tu-mate), v. i. To form an ab- 
scess ; to gather ; to collect pus or purulent matter in any 
part of an animal body. 

IM-POS'THU-MaTE, v. t. To affect with an imposthume or 

IM-POS THU-Ma-TED, pp. Affected with an imposthume. 

IM-POSTHU-Ma-TING, ppr. Forming into an abscess. 

IM-POS-THU-Ma'TION, n. The act of forming an abscess ; 
also, an abscess ; an imposthume. 

1M-POSTHUME (im-pos'tumc), n. [This word is a corrup- 
tion of apostem, L. apostema.] An abscess; a collection of 
pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body. 



IM-POS'THUME, v. i. The same as imposthumate. 

IM-POS'TOR, n. [Fr. imposleur; Sp., Port, impostor; Lo* 
L. impostor.] One who imposes on others ; a person who 
assumes a character for the purpose of deception, a de- 
ceiver under a false character. 

t IM-POSTUR-A6E, n. Imposition.— Bp. Taylor. 

IM-POS'TURE, n. [Fr. ; L. impostura.] Deception prac- 
ticed under a false or assumed character ; fraud or impo- 
sition practiced by a false- pretender. — Syn. Cheat ; iraud ; 
trick ; imposition ; delusion. 

IM-POS'TURED, a. Having the nature of imposture. 

IM-POS'TUR-OUS, a. Deceitful— Beaumo7it and Fletcher. 
[Not used.] 

IM'PO-TENCE, In. [L. impotentia.] 1. Want of strength 

IM'PO-TEN-C Y, 5 or power, animal or intellectual ; weak- 
ness ; feebleness ; inability ; imbecility ; defect of power 
2. Moral inability ; the want of power or inclination to re 
sist or overcome habits and natural propensities. 3. Ina- 
ability to beget. 4. Ungovernable passion. — Milton. 

IM'PO-TENT, a. [Fr., from L. impotens.] 1. Weak; feeble; 
wanting strength or power ; unable by nature, or disabled 
by disease or accident, to perform any act. 2. Wanting 
the power of propagation, as males. 3. Wanting the pow- 
er of restraint ; not having the command over ; as, impo- 
tent of tongue. — Dryden. 

IM'PO-TENT, n. One who is feeble, infirm, or languishing 
under disease. — Shak. 

IM'PO-TENT-LY, adv. Weakly; without power over the 
passions. 

IM-POUND', v. t. 1. To put, shut, or confine in a pound or 
close pen. 2. To confine ; to restrain within limits. 

IM-POUND'ED, pp. Confined in a pound. 

IM-POUND'ER, n. One who impounds the beasts of an 
other. 

IM-POUND'ING, ppr. Confining in a pound ; restraining. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH, v. t. [Fr. appauvrir.] 1. To make poor, 
to reduce to poverty or indigence, as persons. 2. To ex- 
haust strength, richness, or fertility, as land or soil. 

IM-POVER-ISH.ED (im-pov'er-isht), pp. or a. Reduced to 
poverty; exhausted. 

IM-PO V'ER-ISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes others poor. 2. 
That which impairs fertility. 

IM-PO V'ER-ISH-ING, ppr. or a. Making poor ; exhausting. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH-LY, adv. So as to impoverish. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH-MENT, n. Depauperation ; a reducing to 
indigence ; exhaustion ; drain of wealth, richness, or fer- 
tility. 

IM-PO W'ER. See. Empower. 

IM-PRA€-TI-€A-BIL'I-TY, \ n. 1. The state or quaity of 

IM-PRAC'TI-CA-BLE-NESS, \ being beyond human pow- 
er, or the means proposed ; impossibility ; infeasibility. 2. 
Unrractableness ; stubbornness. — Burnet. 

IM-PRAC'TI-€A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be done or per- 
formed ; impossible ; infeasible ; not to be effected by the 
means proposed. 2. Untrac table ; unmanageable ; stub- 
born. — Rowe. 3. That can not be passed or traveled ; [col- 
loquial.] 

IM-PRACTI-CA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that hin- 
ders practice. 

IM'PRE CITE, v. t. [L. imprecor.] To invoke as an evil on 
any one; to pray that a curse or calamity may fall on 
one's self or on another person. 

IM'PRPJ-Ca-TED, pp. Invoked on one, as some evil. 

TM'PRE-Ga-TING, ppr. Calling for evil on one ; s self or an- 
other. 

IM-PRE-€a'TION, n. [L. imprecatio.] The act of impreca- 
ting, or invoking evil on any one ; a prayer that a curse or 
calamity may fall on any one. — Syn. Curse ; execration ; 
malediction ; anathema. 

IM'PRE-Ca-TO-RY, a. Containing a prayer for evil to 
befall a person. 

IM-PRE-CIS'ION (-sizh'un), n. Want of precision or exact- 
ness ; defect of accuracy. — Taylor. 

IM-PReGN' (im-preenO, v. t. [It. impregnare ; Fr. impregner.] 
To impregnate ■. to infuse the seed of young or other pro- 
lific principle. — Milton. 

IM-PREG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. imprenable.] 1. Not to be stormed 
or taken by assault ; that can not be reduced by force ; 
able to rt sist attack. 2. Not to be moved, impressed, oi 
shaken ; invincible, as affection. — Sout?i. 

IM-PREG'NA-BLY, adv. In a manner to resist penetration 
or assault ; in a manner to defy force. 

IM-PREG'NaTE, v. t. [It. impregnare.] 1. To infuse the 
principle of conception ; to make pregnant, as a female 
animal. 2. To deposit the fecundating dust of a flower 
on the pistils of a plant ; to render prolific. 3. To infuse 
particles of one thing into another ; to communicate the 
virtues of one thing to another. 

IM-PREG'NATE, a. Impregnated ; rendered prolific or 
fruitful. 

IM-PREG'Na-TED, pp. or a. Made pregnant or prolific , fe- 
cundated; filled with something by mixture, &c. 

IM-PREG'Na-TING, ppr. Infusing seed or pollen ; render- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c„ short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



IMP 



523 



IxMP 



Ing pregnant ; fructifying; fecundating; filling by infusion 
or mixture. 

IM-PREG-NaTION, n. [Ft.] 1. Tho act of fecundating and 
rendering fruitful. 2. The communication of the parti- 
cles or virtues of one thing to another. 3. That with which 
any thing is impregnated. — Derham. 4. Saturation. — Ains- 
worth. 

IM-PRE-Ju'DI-GATE, a. [L. in, prce, and judico.] Not pre- 
judged ; unprejudiced ; not prepossessed ; impartial. — 
Brown. 

IM-PREP-A-RI'TION, n. Want of preparation ; unprepar- 
edness ; unreadiness. [Little used.] 

IM-PRE-S€RIP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. imprescriptibilite.] The 
state of being independent of prescription ; the state which 
renders a thing not liable to be lost or impaired by the 
prescription of another, or by one's own non-user. 

1M-PRE-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That can not be lost or 
impaired by non-user, or by the claims of another founded 
on prescription. 

IM-PRESS', v. t. [L. impressum.] 1. To imprint ; to stamp ; 
to make a mark or figure on any thing by pressure. 2. 
To print, as books. 3. To mark ; to indent. 4. To fix 
deep. 5. To compel to enter into public service, as sea- 
men ; to seize and take into service by compulsion, as 
nurses in sickness. 6. To seize ; to take for public service. 

IAITRESS, n. 1. A mark or indentation made by pressure. 

2. The figure or image of any thing made by pressure ; 
stamp ; likeness. 3. Mark of distinction ; stamp ; charac- 
ter. 4. Device ; motto.— Milton. 5. The act of compell- 
ing to enter into public service. — Skak. 

iM-PRESS'-GANG, n. A party of men with an officer, em- 
ployed to impress seamen for ships of war. 

1M-PRESS.ED' (im-presf), pp. or a. Imprinted ; stamped ; 
marked by pressure ; compelled to enter public service ; 
seized for public use ; fixed in the mind ; made sensible ; 
convinced. 

IM-PRESS-I-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of being impressible. 

IM-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be impressed ; that yields 
to an impression , that may receive impressions. 2. That 
may be impressed ; that may have its figure stamped on 
another body. 

IM-PRESS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner to make impression. 

IM-PRESS'ING, ppr. Imprinting ; stamping ; fixing in the 
mind ; compelling into service. 

IM-PRES'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. impressio.] 1. The act of im- 
pressing, as one body on another. 2. Mark ; indentation ; 
stamp made by pressure. 3. The effect which objects 
produce on the mind. 4. Image in the mind ; idea. 5. 
Sensible effect. 6. A single edition of a book ; the books 
printed at once. 7. Slight, indistinct remembrance. 

IM-PRES'SION-A-BLE, a. Capable of being impressed. 

IM-PRESS'lVE, a. 1. Making or tending to make an im- 
pression ; having the power of affecting, or of exciting at- 
tention and feeling; adapted to touch sensibility or the 
conscience; solemn. 2. Capable of being impressed; sus- 
ceptible ; impressible. — Spenser. 

IM-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to touch sensibility, 
or to awaken conscience ; in a manner to produce a pow- 
erful effect on the mind. 

IM-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being impressive. 

LM-PRESS'MENT, n. 1. The act of impressing men into 
public service. 2. The act of compelling into any service. 

3. The act of seizing for public use. 
IM-PRESS'URE (im-presh'ur), n. The mark made by press- 
ure, indentation; dent; impression. — Skak. 

IM'PREST, n. [It. imprestare.] A kind of earnest-money ; 
loan ; money advanced. — Burke. 

IM-PREST, v. t. To advance on loan. 

IM-PREV'A-LENCE, n. Incapability of prevailing. 

IM-PRI-Ma'TUR, n. [L., let it be printed.] A license to 
print a book, &c. 

f IM-PRlM'ER-Tr , ■-%. [Ft. imprimerie.] A print ; impression; 
a printing-house , art of printing. 

TM-PRl'MIS, adv. [L.] In the first place ; first in order. 

IM-PRINT', v. t. [It. imprimere.] 1. To impress; to mark 
by pressure. 2. To stamp letters and words on paper by 
means of types ; to print. 3. To fix on the mind or mem- 
ory ; to impress. 

IM'PRINT, n. The name of the publisher of a book, news- 
paper, &c, with the place and time of publication, insert- 
ed in the first page. 

IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Marked by pressure ; printed ; fixed in 
the mind or memory. 

IM-PRINT'ING,#pr. Marking by pressure ; printing; fixing 
on the mind or memory. 

IM-PRIS'ON (im-priz'n), v. t. [Fr. emprisonner.] 1. To put 
into a prison ; to keep in a prison or jail, or to arrest and 
detain in custody in any place. 2. To confine ; to shut up ; 
to restrain from escape ; to deprive of the liberty to move 
from place to place. — Syn. To incarcerate ; confine ; im- 
imire. 

IM-PRIS'ON .ED, pp. or a. Confined in a prison or jail ; re- 
strained from escape, or from going at large. 



IM-PRIS'ON-ER, n. One who causes another to be confined 

in prison. — Clayton. 
IM-PRIS'ON-ING, ppr. Shutting up in prison ; confining in 

a place. 
IM-PRIS'ON-ING, n. Act of confining in prison. 
IM-PRIS'ON-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting and confining 
in prison ; the act of arresting and detaining in custody. 
2. Confinement in a place ; restraint of liberty ; the con- 
finement of a criminal or debtor within the walls of a pris- 
on ; particularly, the restraint of a debtor or criminal.— 
False imprisonment is the illegal restraint or confinement 
of any one, under color of lav/.— Syn. Incarceration ; cua 
tody ; durance. 
IM-PROB-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being improbable, 

or not likely to be true ; unlikelihood. 
IM-PROB'A-BLE, a. [Sp., Fr. ; L. improbabilis.] Not likely 
to be true ; not to be expected under the circumstances 
of the case. 
IM-PROB'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner not likely to be true. 

2. In a manner not to be approved ; [obs.] 
f IM'PRO-BaTE, v. t. [L. improbo.] To disallow ; not to ap- 
prove. — Ainsworth. 
f IM-PRO-Ba'TION, n. The act of disapproving. 
IM-PROB'I-TY, n. [L. improbitas.] That which is disap- 
proved or disallowed ; want of integrity or rectitude of 
principle ; dishonesty, 
t IM-PRO-DuCED' (-pro-diisf). a. Not produced.— Ray. 
IM-PRO-Fi"CIENCE (-pro-fish'ens), \n. Want of profi- 
IM-PRO-Fl"CIEN-CY (-pro-fish'en-sy), 5 ciency. 
f IM-PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. Unprofitable.— Elyot. 
IM-PRO-GRES'SIVE, a. Not progressive, 
t IM-PRO-LIF'I€, a. Not prolific ; unfruitful.— Waterhouse. 
t IM-PRO-LIF'I€-aTE, v. t. To impregnate ; to fecundate. 
IM-PROMP'TU, adv. [L. in promptu.] Off-hand ; without 

previous study. 
IM-PROMP'TU, n. A piece made off-hand, at the moment, 
or without previous study ; an extemporaneous compo- 
sition. 
IM-PROP'ER, a. [L. improprius.] 1. Not proper ; not suit- 
able ; not adapted to its end ; unfit ; as, improper treatment 
of disease. 2. Not becoming ; not decent ; not suited to 
the character, tune, or place, as manners. 3. Not accord- 
ing to the settled usages or principles of a language, as ex- 
pressions. 4. Not suited to a particular place or office, 
unqualified. — Improper fraction, a fraction whose denom- 
inator is not greater than its numerator. 
IM-PROP'ER-LY, adv. 1. Not fitly ; in a manner not suited 
to the end ; in a manner not suited to the company, time, 
place, and circumstances ; unsuitably ; incongruously. 2. 
In a manner not according with established usages ; inac- 
curately ; ungrammatically. 
IM-PRO-Pl"TIOUS, a. Not propitious ; unpropitious. [Obs.] 
IM-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Not proportionable. [Rare.] 
IM-PRO-POR'TION-ATE, a. Not proportionate. [Rare.] 
IM-PRo'PRI-aTE, v. t. [L. in and proprius.] 1. To appro- 
priate to private use ; to take to one's self; [not used/] 2. 
To place the profits of ecclesiastical property in the hands 
of a layman. — Hook. 
IM-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Devolved into the hands of a layman. 
IM-PRo'PRI-a-TED, pp. 1. Appropriated to one's self. 2. 

Put in possession of a layman, as church property. 
IM-PRo'PRI-a-TING, ppr. 1. Appropriating to one's self. 
2. Placing profits of ecclesiastical property in the hands 
of a layman. 
IM-PRO-PRI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of putting an ecclesias- 
tical benefice into the hands of a layman. — Ayllffe. 2. The 
benefice impropriated. 
* IM-PRo'PRI-a-TOR, n. A layman who has possession of 

the lands of the church or an ecclesiastical living. 
IM-PRO-PRl'E-TY, n. [Fr. improprlete.] 1. Unfitness ; un- 
suitableness to character, time, place, or circumstances. 
2. Inaccuracy in language ; a word or phrase not accord- 
ing with the established usages or principles of speaking 
or writing. 
IM-PROS-PER'I-TY, n. Unprosperity ; want of success. 
IM-PROSTEB.-OUS, a. Not prosperous ; not successful ; 
unfortunate; not yielding profit; not advancing interest 
[Little used.] See Unprospekous. 
IM-PROS'PER-OUS-LY, adv. Unsuccessfully; unprosper- 

ously ; unfortunately. — Boyle. 
IM-PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. Ill success. — Hammond. 
IM-PRoV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ca- 
pable of improvement ; susceptibility of being made better. 
IM-PRoV'A-BLE (im-proov'a-bl), a. 1. Susceptible of im- 
provement; capable of growing or being made better; 
that may be advanced in good qualities. 2. That may be 
used to advantage, or for the increase of any thing valua- 
ble, as hints. 3. Capable of tillage or cultivation, as land. 
IM-PRoV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Susceptibility of improvement , 
capableness of being made better, or of being used to ad 
vantage. 
IM-PROV'A-BLY, adv. iu a manner that admits of meliora 
tion. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



IMP 



524 



IN 



M-PR(5VE' (im-prooV), v. t. [Norm, proper.] 1. To make 
better ; to advance in value or good qualities. 2. To use 
or employ to good purpose ; to make productive ; to turn 
to profitable account ; to use for advantage ; to employ 
for advancing interest, reputation, or happiness, as an op- 
portunity or hint. — Addison. 3. To apply to practical 
purposes. — Owen. 4. To advance or increase by use ; [in 
a bad sense.] — Porteus ; [ill.] 5. To use ; to employ. — T. 
Scott. 6. To use ; to occupy ; to cultivate ; as, the house 
or farm is now improved by an industrious tenant. [This 
application is, perhaps, peculiar to some parts of the United 
States. It, however, deviates little from that in some of the 
foregoing definitions. Old authors sometimes use this 
word for censure or impeach, i. e., reprove. Rich. Diet.] — 
Syn. To better; meliorate; ameliorate; advance; height- 
en; mend; correct; rectify. 

IM-PRoVE' (im-proov'), v. i. To grow better or wiser ; to 
advance in goodness, knowledge, wisdom, or other excel- 
lence. 2. To advance in bad qualities; to grow worse; 
as, to improve in cruelty. — Milner. 3. To increase ; to be 
enhanced; to rise, as the market price; [mercantile use.] 
— To improve on, to make useful additions or amendments 
to ; to bring nearer to perfection. 

IM-PRoVZ?D' (im-proovd'), pp. or a. 1. Made better, wiser, 
or more excellent ; advanced in moral worth, knowledge, 
or manners. 2. Made better ; advanced in fertility or other 
good qualities. 3. Used to profit or good purpose. 4. 
Used; occupied. 

JM-PRoVE'MENT (im-proov'ment), n. 1. Advancement in 
moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill, or other excellence. 

2. Melioration ; a making or growing better or valuable. 

3. A valuable addition ; excellence added, or a change for 
the better. 4. Advance or progress from any state to a 
better. 5. Instruction; growth in knowledge or refine- 
ment; edification. 6. Use or employment to beneficial 
purposes ; a turning to good account. 7. Practical appli- 
cation. — Tillotso?i. 8. The part of a discourse intended to 
enforce and apply the doctrines, is called the improvement. 
9. Use ; occupancy. — 10. Improvements, pi. ; valuable ad- 
ditions or melioration, as buildings, clearings, drains, 
fences, &c, on a farm. — Kent. 

IM-PRoV'ER, n. 1. One who improves ■ one who makes 
himself or any thing else better. 2. That which improves, 
enriches, or meliorates. 

flM-PRO-VTD'ED, a. [L. improvisus.] Unforeseen; unex- 
pected ; not provided against. 

IM-PROV'I-DENCE, n. [L. in and providens.] Want of 
providence or forecast; neglect of foresight, or of the 
measures which foresight might dictate for safety or ad- 
vantage. 

IM-PROV'I-DENT, a. [L. in and providens.] Wanting fore- 
cast; wanting care to make provisions for future exi- 
gences. — Syn. Inconsiderate ; negligent ; careless ; heed- 
less. 

IM-PROV'I-DENT-LY, adv. Without foresight or forecast ; 
without care to provide against future wants. 

IM-PROVTNG, ppr. or a. Making better ; growing better ; 
using to advantage. 

IM-PRoVTNG-LY, adv. In a manner to improve. 

IM-PROV'I-SATE, a. Unpremeditated. 

IM-PROV-I-Sa'TION, n. Act of making poetry or perform- 
ing music extemporaneously. 

IM-PR O V-I-SA- TO' RE, n. [It.] A man who makes rhymes 
and short poems extemporaneously. [This word is usu- 
ally spelled with but one v by the English and French.] 

IM-PROV'I-SA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to extemporaneous 
poetry. 

IM-PROV-I-SA-TRl'CE (im-prov-ve-sa-tre'cha), n. [It.] A 
woman who makes rhymes or short poems extemporane- 
ously. [This word is usually spelled with but one v by 
the English and French.] 

IM-PRO-ViiSE', v. i. To speak extemporaneously, especial- 
ly in verse. — Smart. 

IM-PRO-VIS'ION (-vizh'un), n. Want of forecast; improvi- 
dence. — Brown. [Little used.] 

IM-PRO'DENCE, n. [Fr., from L. imprudentia.] Want of 
prudence ; indiscretion ; want of caution, circumspection, 
or a due regard to consequences ; heedlessness ; inconsid- 
eratejiess ; rashness. 

IM-PR€'DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. imprudens.] Wanting prudence 
or discretion ; not attentive to the consequences of words 
or actions. — Syn. Indiscreet ; injudicious ; incautious ; un- 
advised ; heedless ; rash. 

IM-PRu'DENT-LY, adv. Without the exercise of prudence ; 
indiscreetly. 

[M'PU-DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. impudens.] Want of modesty ; 
assurance accompanied with a disregard of the opinions 
of others. — Syn. Shamelessness ; audacity ; insolence ; 
effrontery ; sauciness ; impertinence ; pertness ; rudeness. 

tM'PU-DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. impitdens.] Wanting modesty ; 
bold, with contempt of others.— Syn. Shameless ; auda- 
cious ; brazen ; bold-faced ; pert ; immodest ; rude ; 
saucy; impertinent; insolent. 



IM'PU-DENT-LY, adv. Shamelessly; with indecent assur- 
ance. — Sandys. 

IM-PU-DIC'I-TY, n. [L. impudicitia ] Immodesty. 
IM-PuGN' (im-pune'), v. t. [Fr. impugner ; L. impugno.] 
To oppose; to attack or assail by words or arguments; to 
contradict. 

IM-PUG-Na'TION, n. Opposition.— Bishop Hall. [Little 
used.J 

IM-PuGNBD' (im-pund'), pp. Opposed; contradicted. 
IM-PuGN'ER (im-pun'er), n. One who opposes or contra- 
dicts^ 

IM-PuGN'ING (im-pun'ing), ppr. Opposing ; attacking . 
contradicting. 

*tIM-Pu'IS-SANCE, n. [Fr.] Impotence; weakness. 

*IM-Pu'IS-SANT, a. [Fr.] Weak ; impotent. 

IMPULSE (im'puls), n. [L. impulsus.] 1. Force communi- 
cated instantaneously ; the effect of a sudden or moment 
ary communication of motion. 2. Influence acting on the 
mind ; motive. 3. Impression ; supposed supernatural in- 
fluence on the mind. 

IM-PUL'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. impulsio.] 1. The act of driving 
against or impelling f the sudden or momentary agency 
of a body in motion on another body. 2. Influence on the 
mind ; impulse. 

IM-PULS'IVE, a. [Fr. impulsif.] 1, Having the power of 
driving or impelling ; moving ; impellant. 2. Actuated by 
impulse ; as, a person who is impulsive. 

IM-PULS'iVE-LY, adv. With force ; by impulse. 

IM-PUNC'TU-AL, a. Not punctual. 

IM-PUN€-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Neglect of punctuality.— A. Ham 
ilton. 

t IM-Pfj'NI-BLY, adv. Without punishment.— Ellis. 

IM-Pu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. impunite; L. impunitas.] 1. Exemp- 
tion from punishment or penalty. 2. Freedom or exemp- 
tion from injury. 

IM-PuRE', a. [Fr.impur; L. impurus.] 1. Not pure; foul; 
feculent; tinctured; mixed or impregnated with extrane- 
ous substance. 2. Obscene, as thoughts. 3. Unchaste; 
lewd ; unclean, as conduct. 4. Defiled by sin or guilt ; 
unholy. 5. Unhallowed ; unholy. 6. Unclean ; [in a legal 
sense;] not purified according to the ceremonial law of 
Moses. 

t IM-PuRE', v. t. To render foul ; to defile.— Bishop Hall. 

IM-PuRE'LY, adv. In an impure manner ; with impurity. 

IM-PORE'NESS, In. [Fr. impurete ; L. impuritas.] 1. Want 

IM-Pu'RLTY, 5 of purity ; foulness : feculence ; the ad- 
mixture of a foreign substance in any thing. 2. Any foul 
matter. 3. Unchastity; lewdness. 4. Want of sanctity 
or holiness ; defilement by guilt. 5. Want of ceremonial 
purity ; legal pollution or uncleanness. 6. Foul language , 
obscenity. 

IM-PURPLE, v. t. To color or tinge with purple ; to make 
red or reddish. 

IM-PUR'PL-ED, pp. or a. Tinged or stained with purple 
color. 

IM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or coloring with purple. 

IM-PuTA-BLE, a. 1. That may be imputed or charged to 
a person ; chargeable. 2. That may be ascribed to ; [in a 
good sense.] 3. Accusable ; chargeable with a fault ; [not 
proper.] 4. That may be set to the account of another. 

IM-PuT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imputable. 

IM-PU-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of imputing or charg- 
ing ; attribution ; generally in an ill sense. 2. Sometimes 
in a good sense. — Shak. 3. Charge or attribution of evil ; 
censure ; reproach. 4. Hint ; slight notice. — Shak. 

IM-Pu'TA-TlVE, a. That may be imputed. 

IM-PuTA-TIVE-LY, adv. By imputation.— En eye. 

IM-PuTE', v. t. [Fr. imputer ; L. imputo.] 1. To charge; to 
attribute ; to set to the account of. 2. To attribute ; tc 
ascribe. 3. To reckon to one what does not belong to him. 
— Milton. 

IM-PuT'ED, pp. or a. Charged to the account of ; attributed ; 
ascribed. 

IM-PuT'ER, n. One who imputes or attributes. 

IM-PuTTNG, ppr. Charging to the account of ; attributing; 
ascribing. 

IM-PU-TRES'CI-BLE, a. [in, and L. putresco.] Not subject 
to putrefaction or corruption. 

IN, a prefix [L. in], is used in composition as a particle of 
negation, like the English un, of which it seems to be a 
dialectical orthography; or it denotes within, into, or 
among, as in inbred, incase; or it serves only to augment 
or render emphatical the sense of the word to which it is 
prefixed, as in inclose, increase. — In, before I, is changed 
into il, as in illusion ; and before r, into ir, as in irregular ; 
and into im, before a labial, as in imbitter, immaterial, im 
patient. 

IN, prep. [L. in; Gr. ev; Goth, and Sax. in; Fr. en; Sp. en 4 
It. in; G. in, or ein; D. in; Dan. ind; Sw. in; W. yn.] 
In denotes present or inclosed, surrounded by limits ; as, 
in a house. It denotes a state of being mixed ; as, sugar in 
tea. It denotes present in any state ; as, in sickness or 
health. It denotes present in time ; as, in that hour or 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



INA 



525 



INA 



day. The uses of in, however, can not, in all cases, be de- 
fined by equivalent words, except by explaining the phrase 
in which it is used; as, in fact; in reason, &c. — In the 
name, is used in phrases of invoking, swearing, declaring, 
praying, &c. — In, in many cases, is equivalent to on. — In 
signifies by or through. — In a hill, properly denotes under 
the surface ; but in a valley, denotes on the surface of the 
land. — In that is sometimes equivalent to because. — In as 
much, seeing; seeing that; tbis being the fact; as, I will 
ride for health, inasmuch as I am infirm. — In is often used 
without the noun to which it properly belongs ; as, I care 
not who is in or who is out ; that is, in office, or out of 
office. — To be or keep in with, to be close or near; as, keep 
the ship in with the land. 

IN-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. inhabilite.] 1. Want of sufficient 
physical power or strength. 2. Want of adequate means. 
3. Want of moral power. 4. Want of inteUectual strength 
or force. 5. Want of knowledge or skill. — Syn. Impo- 
tence ; disability ; incapacity ; incompetence ; weakness. 

tIN-A'BLE-MENT, n. Ability .—Bacon. 

EN-AB'STI-NENCE, n. A not abstaining; a partaking; in- 
dulgence of appetite. — Milton. 

IN-ABSTRACTED, a. Not abstracted.— Hooker. 

EN-A-Bu'SlVE-LY, adv. Without abuse.— L. North. 

IN-A€-CESS-I-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The quality or state of being 

IN-A€-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, J inaccessible, or not to be 
reached. 

IN-A€-CESS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reached; as, an inac- 
cessible height or rock. 2. Not to be obtained. 3. Not to 
be approached ; forbidding access. 

EN-A€-CESS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be approached. 

IN-A€'€U-RA-C Y, n. Want of accuracy or exactness. — Syn. 
Mistake ; fault ; defect ; error. 

IN-A€'€U-RATE, a. Not accurate; not exact or correct; 
not according to truth ; erroneous. 

IN-AC'CU-RATE-LY, adv. Not according to truth; incor- 
rectly ; erroneously. 

IN-AG-QUIINTANCE, n. Unacquaintance.— Good. 

IN-A€-QUI-ES'CENT, a. Not acquiescing. 

IN-A€'TION, w. [Fr.} Want of action ; forbearance of la- 
bor; idleness; rest. — Pope. 

IN-ACT'iVE, a. 1. Not active ; having no power to move, 
as matter. 2. Not active ; not diligent or industrious ; not 
busy. — Syn. Inert ; dull ; sluggish ; idle ; indolent ; sloth- 
ful ; lazy. 

IN-A€T'iVE-LY, adv. Idly; sluggishly; without motion, 
labor, or employment. 

IN-A€T-iV'l-TY, n. 1. Inertness. 2. Idleness, or habitual 
idleness ; want of action or exertion ; slusaishness. — 
Swift. 

f IN ACTU-ITE. v. t. To put in action.— Glanville. 

f IN-A€T-U-A'TION, n. Operation.— Glanville. 

IN-AD-APT- a'TION, n. Unadaptedness ; unfitness. 

IN-AD'E-QUA-CY, n. 1. The quality of being unequal or 
insufficient for a purpose. — Dwight. 2. Inequality. — Burke. 
3. Incompleteness ; defectiveness. 

IN-AD'E-QUATE, a. [L.] 1. Not equal to the purpose ; not 
sufficient to effect the object, as means. 2. Not equal to 
the real state or condition of a thing ; not just or in due 
proportion; partial; incomplete; as, inadequate concep- 
tions. 3. Incomplete ; defective ; not just, as a descrip- 
tion. — Syn. Unequal ; incommensurate ; disproportionate ; 
insufficient; incompetent; incapable. 

IN-AD'E-QUATE-LY, adv. Not fully or sufficiently; not 
completely. 

IN-AD'E-QUATE-NESS, n. The quality of being inadequate. 
— Syn. Inadequacy ; inequality ; incompleteness. 

t IN-AD-E-QUaTION, n. Want of exact correspondence. 

IN-AD-He'SION, n. Want of adhesion ; a not adhering. 

IN-AD-MIS-SI-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of being inadmissi- 
ble, or not proper to be received. 

IN-AD-MIS'SI-BLE, a. Not admissible ; not proper to be 
admitted, allowed, or received. 

IN-AD-VERTENCE. \n. [Ft. inadvertance.] 1. A notturn- 

IN-AD-VERT'EN-CY, 5 ing the mind to ; inattention ; neg- 
ligence ; heedlessness. 2. The effect of inattention ; any 
oversight, mistake, or fault which proceeds from negli- 
gence of thought. 

IN-AD-VERTENT, a. [L. in and advertens.] Not turning 
the mind to ; heedless ; careless ; negligent. 

IN-AD-VERTENT-LY, adv. Heedlessly ; carelessly ; from 
want of attention ; inconsiderately. 

EN-AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Reservedness in conversation. 

IN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; reserved. 

IN-AF-FE€T- A'TION, n. Destitution of affected manner. 

tIN-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Unaffected. 

t IN-AF-FECT'ED-LY, adv. Without affectation.— Cockeram. 

IN-aID'A-BLE, a. That can not be assisted.— Shak. 

IN-IL'IEN-A-BLE (in-ale'yen-a-bl), a. [Fr.] Unalienable ; 
that can not be legally or justly alienated or transferred to 
another. 
IN-IL'IEN-A BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inalienable. 
— Scott. 



IN-IL'IEN-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that forbids alien* 
tion. 

IN-AL-I-MENTAL, a. Affording no nourishment. 

IN-AL-TER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being alter- 
able or changeable. — Fourcroy. 

IN-ALTER-A-BLE, a. That can not or may not be altered 
or changed ; unalterable. 

flN-I'MI-A-BLE, a. Unamiable. 

t IN-a'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unamiableuess. 

IN-A-MIS'SI-BLE, a. Not to be lost.— Hammond. [Rare.] 

IN-A-MIS'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not being liable to 
be lost. 

* IN-AM-0-RA'TO,n.m..\ , .. , f , 

* IN-AM-O-RA'TA, n.f \^^er.-Marsion. 
IN AND IN. To breed in and in. See Breed. 

IN-aNE', a. [L. inanis.] Empty; void; sometimes used aa 
a noun, to express a void space, or space beyond the con- 
fines of the world. 

IN-AN"GU-LAR (-ang'gu-lar), a. Not angular. [Little used.] 

IN-AN'I-MaTE, v. t. To animate. [Little used.] 

IN-AN'I-MATE, a. [L. iuanimatus.] 1. Destitute of animal 
life. 2. Destitute of animation or life. — Syn. Dead ; life- 
less ; inert ; inactive ; dull ; soulless ; spiritless. 

IN-AN'I-Ma-TED, a. Destitute of animal life. 2. Not ani- 
mated ; not sprightly. See Unanimated. 

t IN-AN-I-Ma'TION. n. Animation.— Donne. 

IN-A-Nl"TION (in-a-nish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. inanis.] Empti- 
ness ; want of fullness. 

IN-AN'I-TY, n. [L. inanitas.] Emptiness ; void space ; va- 
cuity. — Digby. 

IN-AP'PE-TENCE, \n. [L.] 1. Want of appetence, or of a 

IN-AP'PE-TEN-CY, > disposition to seek, select, or imbibe 
nutriment. 2. Want of desire or inclination. 

IN-AP-PLI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being appli- 
cable ; unfitness. 

rN-AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. Not applicable ; that can not be ap- 
plied ; not suited or suitable to the purpose. — Syn. Unsuit- 
able ; unsuited; unadapted; inappropriate; inapposite. 

IN-AP'PLI-€A-BLY, adv. In an inapplicable manner. 

IN-AP-PLI-€ A'TION, n. Want of application ; want of at- 
tention or assiduity ; negligence ; indolence. 

IN-AP'PO-SiTE, a. Not apposite ; not fit or suitable ; not 
pertinent. 

IN-AP'PO-SITE-LY, adv. In a manner not apposite. 

IN-AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appreciated ; that can 
not be duly valued. 2. That can not be estimated. 

IN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not intelligible.— Milton. 

IN-AP-PRE-HENS1VE, a. Not apprehensive. 

IN-AP-PRoACHA-BLE, a. Not to be approached. 

IN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. Unapproachably. 

IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. 1. Not appropriate ; unsuited ; not 
proper. — J. P. Smith. 2. Not appropriate ; not belong- 
ing to. 

IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-LY, adv. Not appropriately. 

IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness. 

IN-APT', a. Unapt ; not apt. 

IN-APT'I-TUDE, n. Want of aptitude ; unfitness ; unsuit- 
ableness. — Burke. 

IN-APT'LY, adv. Unfitly ; unsuitably. 

IN-A.PT-NESS, n. Unfitness. 

IN-a'QUATE, a. Embodied in water. — Cranmer. 

IN-A-QUa'TION, n. The state of being inaquate.— Gardner 

IN-AR'A-BLE, a. Not arable ; not capable of being tilled 

IN-IRCH', v. t. To graft by approach. 

IN-XRCH£D' (in-archt), pp. Grafted by approach. 

IN-aRCH'ING, ppr. Grafting by approach. 

IN- ARCHING, n. A method of ingrafting, by which a cion 
without being separated from its parent tree, is joined to 
a stock standing near. 

IN-aR-TIC'U-LATE, a. 1. Not uttered with articulation or 
junction of the organs of speech ; not articulate ; not dis- 
tinct, or with distinction of syllables. 2. In zoology, not 
jointed or articulated. — Dana. 

IN-aR-TIC'U-LATE-LY, adv. Not with distinct syllables ; 
indistinctly. 

IN-aR-TIC'U-LATE-NESS, n. Indistinctness of utterance 
by animal voices ; want of distinct articulation. 

IN-aR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. Indistinctness of sounds in speak- 
iiur. 

IN-aR-TI-Fi"CIAL (-ar-te-fish'al), a. 1. Not done by art : not 
made or performed by the rules of art ; formed without 
art. 2. Simple ; artless. 

IN-aR-TI-FI"CIAL-LY, adv. Without art; in an artless man- 
ner; contrary to the rules of art. — Collier. 

IN-AS-MUCH', adv. [in, as, and much.] Seeing; seeing that, 
this beins the fact. 

IN-AT-TEN'TION, n. The want of attention, or of fixing 
the mind steadily on an object ; heedlessness ; neglect 

IN-AT-TENT'lVE, a. Not fixing the mind on an object— 
Syn. Careless ; heedless ; regardless ; thoughtless ; negli- 
gent: remiss. 

IN-AT-TENT'lVE-LY, adv. Without attention ; carelessly; 
heedlessly. — Johnson. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; 8 as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



INC 



526 



INC 



SIuSiIleSs, h state of bein g - audible - 

IN-AUD'I-BLE, a. 1. That can not be heard. 2. Making no 
sound. — Shah. 

IN-AUD'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be heard. 

IN-AU'GU-RAL, a. [L. inauguro.] 1. Pertaining to inaugu- 
ration. 2. Made or pronounced at an inauguration. 

IN-AU'GU-RaTE, v. t. 1. To introduce or induct into an 
office with solemnity or suitable ceremonies ; to invest 
with an office in a formal manner. 2. To begin with good 
omens ; [obs.] 

IN-AU'GU-RATE, a. Invested with office.— Drayton. 

IN-AU'GU-Ra-TED, pp. Inducted into office with appropri- 
ate ceremonies. 

[N-AU'GU-Ra-TING, ppr. Inducting into office with solemni- 
ties. 

LN-AU-GU-Ra'TION, n. The act of inducting into ofice Atnth 
solemnity ; investiture with office by appropriate cere- 
monies. 

IN-AU'GU-Ra-TOR, n. One who inaugurates.— CoWidge. 

IN-AU'GU-RA-TO-RY, a. Suited to induction into office; 
pertaining to inauguration. — Johnson. 

IN-AU-Ra'TION, n. [L. inauratus.] The act or process of 
gilding, or covering with gold. — Arbuthnot. 

IN-AU'SPI-CATE, a. Ill-omened.— Buck. 

IN-4U-SPl"CIOUS (-spish'us), a. Ill-omened ; unfortunate ; 
unlucky ; evil ; unfavorable. 

IN-AU-SPl"CIOUS-LY, adv. With ill omens ; unfortunate- 
ly; unfavorably. 

IN-AU-SPl"CIOU3-NESS (-spish'us-nes), n. Unluckiness ; 
unfavorableness. 

IN-Be'ING, n. Inherence ; inherent existence ; inseparable- 
ness. — Watts. 

IN'BoARD, a. Carried or stowed within the hold of a ship 
or other vessel ; as, an inboard cargo. 

IN'BoARD, adv. Within the hold of a vessel. 

IN'BORN. a. Innate ; implanted by nature. — Drydcn. 

EN'BREaK-ING, a. Breaking into.— Ed. Rev. 

IN-BReATHE', v. t. To infuse by breathing.— Coleridge. 

IN-BRe ATH.ED', pp. or a. Infused by breathing or inspira- 
tion. — Milton. 

IN-BReATH'ING, ppr. Tnfusing by breathing. 

IN'BRED, a. Bred within ; innate ; natural. — Dryden. 

IN-BREED', v. t. To produce or generate within. 

IN'CA (ink'a), n. The title formerly given by the natives 
of Peru to their kings and to the princes of the blood. 

IN-€agE', v. t. To confine in a cage ; to coop up ; to confine 
to any narrow limits. — Shak. 

IN-€aG-ED' (in-kajd'), pp. Cooped up ; confined to a cage 
or to narrow limits. 

IN-CagE'MENT, n. Confinement in a cage. 

IN-CaG'ING, ppr. Confining to a cage or to narrow limits. 

IN-€AL'€U-LA-BLE, a. That can not be calculated. 

IN-€AL'€U-LA-BLE-NESS, n. Incapability of being calcu- 
lated. 

IN-€AL'€U-LA-BLY, adv. In a degree beyond calculation. 

IN-€A-LES'CENCE, )n. [L.incalescens.] A growing warm ; 

IN-€A-LES'CEN-CY, > incipient or increasing heat. 

IN-€A-LES'CENT, a. Growing warm ; increasing in heat. 

IN-CAM-ER-X'TION, n. The act or process of uniting lands, 
revenues, or other rights to the pope's domain. 

IN-CAN-DES'CENCE, n. [L. incandescens.] A white heat ; 
or the glowing whiteness of, a body caused by intense heat. 

IN-€AN-DES'CENT, a. White or glowing with heat. 

IN-GANT-ITION, n. [L. incantatio.] The act of enchant- 
ing ; enchantment ; the act of using certain formulas of 
words and ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits. 

IN-CANTA-TO-RY, a. Dealing by enchantment ; magical. 

\ IN-€ANT'ING, a. Enchanting. 

IN-CANTON, v. t. [in and canton.] To unite to a canton or 
separate community.— Addison. 

rN-€A-PA-BIL'I-TY, \n. 1. The quality of being incapa- 

IN-C I'PA-BLE-NESS, 5 ble ; natural incapacity or want 
of power. 2. Want of legal qualifications or of legal 
power. 

rN-€A'PA-BLE, a. 1. Wanting capacity sufficient ; not hav- 
ing room sufficient to contain or hold. 2. Wanting natu- 
ral power or capacity to learn, know, understand, or com- 
prehend ; incompetent. 3. Not admitting ; not in a state 
to receive ; not susceptible of. 4. Wanting power equal 
to any purpose. 5. Wanting moral power or disposition ; 
as, incapable of dishonesty. 6. Unqualified or disqualified, 
in a legal sense; not having the legal or constitutional 
qualifications. — Incapable properly denotes a want of pass- 
ive power, the power of receiving, and is applicable par- 
ticularly to the mind ; unable denotes the want of active 
power or power of perforniing, and is applicable to the 
body or mind. 

IN-€a'PA-BLY, adv. In an incapable manner. 

IN-€A-Pa'CIOUS (-ka-pa'shus), a. Not capacious ; not large 
or spacious ; narrow ; of small content. 

IN-CA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Narrowness ; want of contain- 
ing space. 



IN-CA-PAC'I-TXTE, v. t. 1. To deprive of capacity or nat 
ural power. 2. To render or make incapable. 3. To dis- 
able ; to weaken ; to deprive of competent power or abil- 
ity. 4. To render unfit. 5. To disqualify , to deprive of 
legal or constitutional requisites. 

IN-CA-PAC'I-Ta-TED, pp. Rendered incapable ; deprived 
of capacity. 

IN-CA-P AC'I-Ta-TING, ppr Depriving of capacity ; render- 
ing incapable. 

IN-€A-PAC-I-Ta'TION, n. Want of capacity.— Burke. 

IN-CA-PAC'I-TY, n. 1. Want of capacity or power. 2. 
Want of qualification or legal requisites. 3. Disqualifica- 
tion ; disability by deprivation of power. — Syn. Inability ; 
incapability ; incompetency. 

IN-CaR'CER-aTE, v. t. [L. incarcero.] 1. To imprison ; to 
confine in a jail. 2. To confine ; to shut up or inclose. 

IN-€1R'CER-ATE, a. Imprisoned ; confined. — More. 

IN-CaRCER-1-TED, pp. Imprisoned. 

IN-€aR'CER-a-TING, ppr. Imprisoning. 

IN-GaR-CER-a'TION, n. The act of imprisoning or confin- 
ing ; imprisonment. 

IN-CaRN', v. t. [L. incarno.] To cover with flesh ; to invest 
with flesh. — Wiseman. 

IN-CARN', v. i. To breed flesh. — Wiseman. 

IN-GaRN'A-DiNE, a. [Fr. incarnadin.] Flesh-colored; of 
a carnation color ; pale red. — Shak. 

IN-CXRNA-D1NE, v. t. To dye red or flesh-color. [Rare.] 

IN-€aRN'aTE, v. t. [Fr. incarner ; L. incarno.] To clothe 
with flesh ; to embody in flesh. — Milton. 

IN-CARN'ATE, a. 1. Invested with flesh ; embodied in flesh. 
— 2. In Scotland, of a red color ; flesh-colored. 

IN-CaRN'a-TED, pp. Clothed with flesh. 

IN-CaRN'a-TING, ppr. Investing with flesh. 

IN-CaRN-a'TION, n. 1. The act of clothing with flesh. 2. 
The act of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body and 
the nature of man.— 3. In surgery, the process of healing 
wounds and filling the part with new flesh. 

IN-GaRN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh 
to grow ; healing. — Encyc. 

IN-CARN' A-TlVE, n. A medicine that tends to promote the 
growth of new flesh, and assist nature in the healing of 
wounds. 

IN-CaSE', v. t. 1. To inclose in a case. 2. To inclose ; U» 
cover or surround with something solid.— Pope. 

IN-€aS.ED' (in-kastf), pp. Inclosed as in a case, pHeath, o 
box. 

IN-CaSE'MENT, n. An inclosing with a casement 

IN-€aS'ING, ppr. Inclosing as in a case. 

IN-G1SK', v. t. To put into a cask.— Sherwood. 

IN-GASTEL-LX-TED, a. Confined or inclosed in a cpstle. 

IN-€AT-E-Na'TION, n. [L. catena.] The act of linking to 
gether.— Goldsmith. 

IN-€AU'TION, n. Want of caution.— Rich. Diet. 

IN-€AU'TIOUS, a. Not cautious ; not circumspect ; not at 
tending to the circumstances on which safety and interes! 
depend. — Syn. Unwary ; indiscreet ; inconsiderate ; im- 
prudent ; impolitic ; careless ; heedless ; thoughtless ; 
improvident. 

IN-€AU'TIOUS-LY, adv. Unwarily; heedlessly; without 
due circmnspection. 

IN-CAU'TIOUS-NESS, n. Want of caution ; imwariness , 
want of foresight ; improvidence. 

IN'€A-Va-TED, a. Made hollow ; bent round or in. 

IN-€A-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A 
hollow made. 

IN-CEND', v. t. [L. incendo.] To inflame ; to excite. — Mars- 
ton. [Little used.] 

IN-CEND'I-A-RISM, n. The act or practice of maliciously 
setting fire to buildings. 

* IN-CEND'I-A-RY, n. [L. incendiarius.] 1. A person who 

maliciously sets fire to another man's dwelling-house, or 
to any out-house, being parcel of the same, as a barn or 
stable ; one who is guilty of arson. 2. Any person who 
sets fire to a building. 3. A person who excites or in- 
flames factions, and promotes quarrels. 4. He or that 
which excites. 

* IN-CEND'I-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to the malicious burn- 

ing of a dwelling. 2. Tending to excite or inflame fac- 
tions, sedition, or quarrels. 

IN-CEND'I-OUS, a. Promoting faction or quarrel. — B,icon. 

IN-CEND'I-OUS-LY, adv. In a way to produce conten- 
tion. 

IN'CENSE (in'sens), n. [L. incensum.] 1. Perfume exhaled 
by fire ; the odors of spices and gums, burned in religious 
rites, or as an offering to some deity. 2. The materials 
burned for making perfumes. 3. Acceptable prayers and 
praises. 

IN'CENSE (in'sens), v. t. To perfume with incense. 

IN-CENSE' (Hi-sens'), v. t. To enkindle or inflame to vio- 
lent anger ; to excite angry passions. — Syn. To enrage ; 
exasperate ; provoke ; anger ; irritate ; heat ; fire. 

IN-CENS.ED'' (in-senstf), pp. or a. Inflamed to violent anger • 
exasperated. 



-See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, i, &c, shmt.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; ~ MOVE, BOOK, 



INC 



527 



INC 



IN-CENSE'MENT (in-sens'ment), n. Violent irritation of 
the passions ; heat ; exasperation. 

IN-CENS'ING, ppr. Inflaming to anger ; irritating. 

IN-CEN'SION, n. [L. incensio.] The act of kindling ; the 
state of being on fire. — Bacon. 

IN-CENS1VE, a. Tending to excite or provoke. 

IN-CENS'OR, n. [L.] A kindler of anger. 

* IN-CENS'O-RY, n. The vessel in which incense is burned 
and offered.— Ainsworth. [Little used.] See Censer. 

IN-CEN'SUR-A-BLE, a. Not censurable.— Dwight. 

IN-CEN'TiVE, a. [Low L. incentivus.] Inciting ; encour- 
aging or moving. 

[N-CENTlVE, n. [Low L. incentivum.] 1. That which 
kindles or inflames. 2. That which moves the mind, or 
operates on the passions ; that which prompts to good or 
ill. — Syn. Motive ; spur ; stimulus ; incitement ; encour- 
agement. 

IN-CEN'TlVE-LY, adv. So as to encourage or incite. 

IN-CEP'TlON, n. [L. inceptio.] Beginning. 

IN-CEPTlVE, a. [L. inceptivus.] Beginning ; noting begin- 
ning; as, an inceptive verb, one which marks the com- 
mencement of an action or course of action. 

IN-CEP'TlVE-LY, adv. In an inceptive manner. 

IN-CEPTOR, n. A beginner ; one in the rudiments. 

[N-CER-XTION, n. [L. incero.] The act of covering with 
wax. 

1N-C ER'A-TlVE, a. Cleaving to, like wax. 

IN-CER'TAIN, a. Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady. — Burnet. 

IN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. Doubtfully. 

IN-CER'TAIN-TY, n. Uncertainty; doubt.- Davies. 

IN-CER'TI-TUDE, n. [L.incertitudo.] Uncertainty; doubt- 
fulness ; doubt. 

IN-CES'SA-BLE, a. Unceasing ; continual. — Slielton. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

IN-CES'SA-BLY, adv. Without cessation ; constantly. 

IN-CES'SAN-CY, n. Uninterrupted continuance ; unceas- 
ingness. — Dwight. 

IN-CES'8ANT, a. [L. in and cessans.] Having no intermis- 
sion or cessation. — Syn. Unceasing ; uninterrupted ; un- 
intermitted ; ceaseless ; continual ; constant ; perpetual. 

EN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Without ceasing ; continually. 

EN'CEST, n. [Fr. inceste ; L. incestum.] The crime of co- 
habitation or sexual commerce between persons related 
within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by the 
law of a country. 

IN-CEST*U-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of incest. 2. Involving the 
crime of incest. 

IN-CEST'U-OUS-LY, adv. In an incestuous manner ; in a 
manner to involve the crime of incest. 

IN-CESTU-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being in- 
cestuous. — Bp. Hall. 

INCH, n. [Sax. ince.] 1. A lineal measure, being the twelfth 
part of a foot, and equal to the length of three barley corns. 
— 2. Proverbially, a small quantity or degree ; as, to die by 
inches. 3. A precise point of time ; [unusual] 

INCH, v. t. 1. To drive by inches or small degrees. — Dry- 
den ; [little used.] 2. To deal out by inches ; to give spar- 
ingly ; [little used.] 

INCH, v. i. To advance or retire by small degrees. — John- 
son. [Little used.] 

INCHED (incht), containing inches, is added to words of 
number ; as, four-inched. Shak. — But in America the com- 
mon practice is to add only inch ; as, a seven-inch cable. 

f IN-CHaM'BER, v. t. [Fr. enchambrer.] To lodge in a 
chamber. 

EN-CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. Uncharitable. [Little used.] 

IN-CHAS'TI-TY, n. [in and chastity.] Lewdness ; impuri- 
ty ; unchastity.— J. Edwards. 

IN-CHEST, v. t. To put into a chest.— Sherwood. 

IN-CHESTED, pp. Put into a chest. 

INCH'-MeAL, n. A piece an inch long. — By inch-meal, by 
small degrees. — Shak. 

IN'CHO-aTE (inTio-ate), v. t. [L. inchoo.] To begin. [Rare.] 

IN'€HO-ATE, a. Begun ; commenced. — Raleigh. 

IN'€HO-ATE-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. 

IN-CHO-a'TION, 7j. The act of beginning ; commence- 
ment ; inception. — Hale. [Little used.] 

IN-€Ho'A-TiVE, a. Noting beginning ; inceptive. 

INCH'PIN, n. Some part of the inwards of a deer. — Ains- 
worth. 

\ IN-ClDE', v. t. [L. incido.] To cut ; to separate, as medi- 
cines. — Arbuthnot. 

IN'CI-DENCE, n. [L. incidens.] 1. Literally, a falling on ; 
whence, an accident or casualty. Shak. — 2. In natural 
philosophy, the direction in which a ray of light or heat 
falls on any surface. — Angle of incidence, the angle which 
a ray of light falling on any surface makes with a perpen- 
dicular to that surface. — Olmsted. 
IN'CI-DENT. a. 1. Literally, falling on ; as, an incident ray. 
2. Falling ; casual ; fortuitous ; coming or happening oc- 
casionally. 3. Happening ; apt to happen. 4. Appertain- 
ing to or following the chief or principal. 
IN'CI-DENT, n. l/That which falls out or takes place. 2. 



That which happens aside of the main design ; an eplf~.de 
or subordinate action. Dry den. — 3. In law, something 
necessarily appertaining to and depending on another, 
which is termed the principal. — Syn. Event; occurrence; 
fact ; circumstance ; adventure ; chance ; contingency ; 
accident; casualty. 

IN-CI-DENTAL, a. 1. Happening; coming without de- 
sign ; casual ; accidental. 2. Not necessary to the chief 
purpose ; occasional. — Rogers. 

IN-CI-DENTAL, n. An incident.— Pope. [Little used.] 

IN-CI-DENT'AL-LY, adv. 1. Casually ; without intention , 
accidentally. 2. Beside the main design ; occasionally. 

t IN'CI-DENT-LY, adv. Occasionally ; by the way. 

IN-CIN'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. in and cinis.] To bum to ashes. 
— Bacon. 

t IN-CIN'ER-ATE, a. Burned to ashes.— Bacon. 

IN-CIN'ER-I-TED, pp. Burned to ashes. 

IN-CIN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Reducing to ashes. 

IN-CIN-ER-a'TION, n. The act of reducing to ashes. 

IN-CIP'1-EN-CY, n. Beginning ; commencement. 

IN-CIP1-ENT, a. [L. incipiens.] Beginning ; commencing , 
as, the incipient stage of a fever. 

IN-CIP'I-ENT-LY, adv. In a way of commencing ; at first 
1 IN-CiR'CLET, n. A small circle.— Sidney. 
I IN-CiR-€UM-SCRIP'TI-BLE, a. That can not be circum- 
scribed or limited. — Cranmer. 
I IN-CiR-€UM-SPE€'TION, n. Want of circumspection. 
j IN-ClSE', v. t. [Fr. inciser.] To cut in ; to carve ; to en- 
grave. 
I IN"ClSED' (in-sizd'), pp. or a. [L. incisus.] Cut or engrav- 
ed ; made by cutting. — Wiseman. 

IN-ClSE'LY, adv. In the manner of incisions. 

IN-ClS'ING, ppr. Cutting in ; carving. 
i IN-CIS'ION (in-sizh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. incisio.] 1. A cutting ; 
the act of cutting into a substance. 2. A cut ; a gash ; the 
separation of the surface of any substance made by a 
sharp instrument. 3. Separation of viscid matter by 
me_dicines ; [obs.] 

IN-Cl'SiVE, a. [Fr. incisif] Having the quality of cutting 
or separating the superficial part of any thing. — Incisive 
teeth, in animals, are the fore teeth, the cutters or incisors. 

IN-Cl'SOR, n. [L.] A cutter; a fore tooth, which cuts, 
bites, or separates. 

IN-Cl'SOR-Y, a. Having the quality of cutting. 

IN-CIS'URE (in-sizh'yur), n. [L. incisura.] A cut ; a place 
opened by cutting ; an incision. — Derham. 

IN-Cl'TANT, n. [from incite.] That which excites action 
in an animal body. — Darwin. 

IN-CI-TI'TION, n. [L. incitatio.] 1. The act of inciting or 
moving to action ; incitement. 2. Incitement ; incentive ; 
motive ; that which excites to action ; that which rouses 
or prompts. 

IN-ClTE', v. t. [L. incito.] 1. To move the mind to action 
by persuasion or motives presented ; to stir up. 2. To 
move to action by impulse or influence. 3. To inspire 
with courage or animation. — Syn. To stimulate ; insti- 
gate ; spur ; goad ; urge ; rouse ; provoke ; excite ; en- 
courage ; prompt ; animate. 

IN-ClT'ED, pp. Moved to action ; stirred up ; spurred on. 

IN-CITE'MENT, n. That which incites the mind, or moves 
to action. — Syn. Motive ; incentive ; spur ; stimulus ; im- 
pulse ; encouragement. 

IN-ClTER, n. He or that which incites or moves to action. 

IN-CiTTNG, ppr. or a. Exciting to action ; stirring up. 

IN-ClTTNG-LY, adv. In a way to incite or stimulate. 

IN-CIVTL, a. Rude ; unpolite. [Rare.] See Uncivil. 

IN-CI-VIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incivilite.] 1. Want of courtesy or 
respectful manners toward others. — Tillotson. 2. Any act 
of ill-breeding. — Syn. Impoliteness ; uncourteousness ; 
unmannerliness ; disrespect ; rudeness. 

IN-CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, n. An uncivil state. 

IN-CIV'IL-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; rudely. 

IN-CIV'ISM, n. Want of civism ; want of love to one'8 
country, or of patriotism. — Ames. 

IN-CLiSP', v. t To clasp ; to hold fast.— Cudworth. 

IN-CLASPED' (in-klaspf), pp. Held fast. 

IN-CLASPTNG, ppr. Holding fast. 

IN'€LA-VI-TED, a. Set ; fast fixed.— Diet. 

IN'-GLE (ink!), n. See Inkle. 

IN-CLEM'EN-CY, n. [Fr. inclemence; L. inclemenpa.} L 
Want of clemency ; want of mildness of temper ; unmer- 
cifulness; harshness; severity. 2. Roughness ; boister- 
ousness ; storminess ; or simply raininess ; severe cold, 
&c. as of the weather or season. 

IN-€LEM'ENT, a. 1. Destitute of a mild and kind temper ; 
void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh. 2. Rough; 
stormy ; boisterous ; rainy ; rigorously cold, &c. 

IN-CLEM'ENT-LY, adv. In an inclement manner. 

IN-CLlN'A-BLE, a. [L. inclinabilis.] 1. Leaning ; tending. 
2. Having a propension of will ; leaning in disposition . 
somewhat disposed. — Milton. 

IN-€LlN'A-BLE-NESS, n. Favorable disposition.— Brady. 

IN-€LIN-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. inclination 1. A leaning ; any 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



INC 



528 



INC 



deviation of a body or line from an upright position, or 
from a parallel line, toward another body. — 2. In geometry, 
the angle made by two lines or planes which meet, or 
which would meet if produced. 3. A leaning of the mind 
or will ; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to 
another. 4. A leaning of the taste or feelings ; as, an in- 
clination for trading. 5. Disposition of mind. — Shak. 6. 
The dip of the magnetic needle, or its tendency to incline 
toward the earth. 7. The act of decanting liquors by 
stooping or inclining the vessel. — Syn. Tendency ; bent ; 
proneness ; bias ; propensity ; prepossession ; predilec- 
tion ; attachment ; desire ; affection ; love. 
IN-€LlN'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. Obliquely ; with inclination. 
IN-€LlN'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of leaning or 
inclining. — Brown. 

!N-€LlNE'. v. i. [L. inclino.] 1. To lean ; to deviate from 
an erect or parallel line toward any object ; to slope ; to 
bend , to tend. 2. To lean ; [in a moral sense ;] to have 
a propension ; to be disposed ; to have some wish or de- 
sire^ 3. To have an appetite ; to be disposed. 

IN-CLlNE', v. t. 1. To cause to deviate from an erect, per- 
pendicular, or parallel line ; to give a leaning to. 2. To 
give a tendency or propension to the will or affections ; to 
turn ; to dispose. 3. To bend ; to cause to stoop or 
bow L 

IN-CLIN.ED' (in-klfnd'), pp. or a. Having a leaning or tend- 
ency ; disposed. — Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane 
that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon ; 
a sloping plane. It is one of the five simple mechanical 
powers. 

IN-GLlN'ER, n. An inclined dial. 

IN-GLlN'ING, ppr. Leaning ; causing to lean. 

INCLINING, a. Leaning. 

IN-CLIP', v. t. To grasp ; to inclose ; to surround 

IN-CLIPP.ED' (in-klipf), pp. Grasped ; inclosed. 

IN-CLIP'PING, ppr. Grasping ; surrounding. 

IN-CLOIS'TER, v. t. To shut up in a cloister. [Litue -used.] 
See Cloister. 

IN-CLoSE', v. t. [Fr. enclos.] 1. To surround ; to shut in ; 
to confine on all sides. 2. To separate from common 
grounds by a fence. 3. To include ; to shut or confine. 
4. To environ ; to encompass. 5. To cover with a wrap- 
per or envelope ; to cover under seal, as a letter. 

IN-€LoSi?D'(in-klozd'),£p. or a. Surrounded; encompass- 
ed ; confined on all sides ; covered and sealed ; fenced. 

IN-€LoS'ER, n. He or that which incloses ; one who sep- 
arates land from common grounds by a fence. 

IN-CLOSING, ppr. Surrounding ; encompassing ; shutting 
in ; covering and confining. 

IN-CLoS'URE (in-klo'zhur), n. 1. The act of inclosing. 2. 
The separation of land from common ground into distinct 
possessions by a fence. 3. The appropriation of things 
common. 4. State of being inclosed, shut up, or encom- 
passed. — Ray. 5. That which incloses ; a fence. 6. A 
space inclosed or fenced. 7. Ground inclosed or separa- 
ted from common land. 8. That which is inclosed or 
contained in an envelope, as a paper. — Washington. 

IN-€LOUD', v. t. To darken ; to obscure.— Sliak. 

IN-€LOUD'ED, pp. Involved in obscurity. 

IN-CLOUDTNG,^pr. Darkening; obscuring. 

IN-CLCDE', v. t. [L. includo.] 1. To confine within ; to in- 
close or hold ; as, the shell includes a pearl ; [rare.] 2. 
To embrace within limits ; as, included in a contract. — 
Syn._ To comprise ; comprehend ; contain ; involve. 

IN-€LuD'ED, pp. or a. Contained ; comprehended. 

IN-€LuD'ING, ppr. Containing; comprising. 

IN-€Lu'SION (-zhun), n. [L.inclusio.] The act of including. 

IN-CLu'SlVE, a. [Fr. inclusif.] 1. Inclosing; encircling. 
2. Comprehended in the number or sum; as, from the 
first to the fifth inclusive ; i. e., the first and fifth being in- 
cluded. 

IN-CL U'SlVE-LY, adv. Comprehending the thing mention- 
ed ; as, from Monday to Saturday inclusively. 

t IN-€0-A€T'ED } a ' t L- ^ coaaMS Unrestrained. 
IN-€0-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That can not be coagulated. 
IN-CO-ER'CI-BLE, a. Not to be coerced or compelled ; 

that can not be forced. — Black. 
IN-CO-EX-IST'ENCE (x as gz), n. A not existing together. 
TN-COG', adv. [contracted from incognito.] In conceal- 
ment ; in disguise ; in a manner not to be known. 
IN-€Og'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. incogitabilis.] Unthought of.— 

Dean King. 
IN-€OG'I-TANCE, \n. [L. incogitantia.] Want of thought, 
IN-€Og'I-TAN-CY, > or want of the power of thinking.— 

Decay of Piety. 
IN-€OG'I-TANT, a. Not thinking ; thoughtless. 
IN-€OG'I-TANT-LY, adv. Without consideration. 
lN-€OG'I-TA-TlVE, a. Not thinking ; wanting the power 

of thought. 
IN-€OG'NI-TO, a. or adv. [It.] Unknown ; in concealment ; 

in a disguise. It is sometimes used as a noun, as also is 

incognita in the feminine. 



IN-€OG'NI-ZA-BLE (in-kog'ne-za-bl or in-kon'e-za-bl), a 
That can not be recognized, known, or distinguished. 

IN-GO-HeR'ENCE, )n. 1. Want of coherence; want of 

IN-CO-HeR,'EN-CY, 3 cohesion or adherence , looseness 
or unconnected state of parts, as of a powder. 2. Want 
of connection ; incongruity ; inconsistency ; want of 
agreement or dependence of one part on another. 3. In 
consistency ; that which does not agree with other parts 
of the same thing. 

1N-€0-HeR'ENT, a. 1. Wanting cohesion ; loose ; uncon- 
nected ; not fixed to each other. 2. Wanting coherence 
or agreement ; incongruous ; inconsistent ; having no de- 
pendence of one part on another. 

IN-CO-HeR'ENT-LY, adv. Inconsistently; without coher- 
ence of parts. 

IN-CO-IN'CI-DENCE, ti. Want of coincidence. 

IN-CO-IN'CI-DENT, a. Not coincident. 

IN-CO-Lu'MI-TY, n. [L. incolumitas.] Safety.— Howell. 

IN-COM-BlN'ING, a. Not combining or uniting; disagree- 
ing ; differing. — Milton. 

IN-COM-BUST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapa- 
ble of being burned or consumed. — Ray. 

IN-€OM-EUST'I-BLE, a. Not to be burned, decomposed, or 
consumed by fire. 

IN-€OM-BUST'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incombustibility. 

IN-COM-BUST'I-BLY, adv. So as to resist combustion. 

IN'CoME (urkum), n. [in and come.] 1. That gain which 
proceeds from labor, business, or property of any kind ; 
the produce of a farm ; the rent of houses ; the proceeds 
of professional business; the profits of commerce or of 
occupation ; the interest of money or stock in funds. — In- 
come ia often used synonymously with revenue, Dtit income 
is more generally applied to the gain of private persons, 
and revenue to that of a sovereign or of a state. We speak 
of the annual income of a gentleman, and the annual reve- 
nue of the state. 2. A coming in ; admission ; introduc- 
tion ; [not in use.] 

IN'€6M-ING (in'kum-ing), a. Coming in. — Burke. 

IN'€6M-ING, n. Income ; gain. — Tooke. 

IN -eOM-MEN'DAM. [Law Lat.J In England, to hold a 
vacant living in commendam, is to hold it by favor of the 
crown, till a proper pastor is provided. — Blackstone. 

* IN-€OM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-T Y, ) n. The quality or state 

* IN-COM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE-NESS, 5 of a thing, when it has 

no common measure with another thing. 

* IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. Having no common meas- 

ure. 

* IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLY, adv. So as not to admit of 

mensuration. 

* IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. 1. Not admitting of a com- 
mon measure.— More. 2. Not of equal measure or extent ; 
not adequate. — Syn. Unequal; inadequate; insufficient. 

* IN-COM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. Not in equal or due 
measure or proportion. — Chcyne. 

IN-€OM-MIS'CI-BLE, a. [in and commix.] That can not bo 
commixed, or mutually mixed. 

IN-COM-MIXTURE, n. A state of being unmixed. 
IN-€OM'MO-DaTE, v. t. To incommode. 

IN-COM'MO-Di-TED, pp. Incommoded. 

IN-GOM'MO-Da-TING, ppr. Incommoding. 

IN-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. Inconvenience ; want of accom 
modation. — Annot. on Glanville. 

IN-COM-MoDE', v. t. [L. incommodo.] To give inconve- 
nience to ; to give trouble to. — Syn. To annoy ; disturb ; 
trouble , molest ; inconvenience ; disquiet ; vex. 

IN-€OM-MoD'ED, pp. Put to inconvenience. 

t IN-€OM-MoDE'MENT, n. Inconvenience.— Cheyne. 

IN-COM-MoD'ING, ppr. Subjecting to trouble. 

* IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. [L. incommodus.] Inconvenient , 

not affording ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble 
without much injury. 

* IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to create b> 

convenience; inconveniently; unsuitably. 

* IN-COM-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Inconvenience ; unsuita 

bleness. 

IN-€OM-MOD'I-TY, n. [Fr. incommoditi; L. incommoditas.] 
Inconvenience ; trouble. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

IN-SOM-MU-NI-€A-BIL'I-TY, ? n. The quality of not be- 

IN-COM-Mf/NI-CA-BLE-NESS, 5 ing communicable. 

IN-COM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. That can not be communicated 
or imparted to others. 

IN-COM-Mi/NI-CA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be im 
parted or communicated. — Hakewill. 

IN-COM-Mu'NI-€a-TED, a. Not imparted. 

IN-COM-Mu'NI-Ca-TING, a. Having no communion or in- 
tercourse with each other. — Hale. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TlVE, a. 1. Not communicative ; unso- 
cial. 2. Not disposed to hold communion, fellowship, or 
intercourse with. — Buchanan. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TlVE-LY, adv. In an incommunicative 
manner. 

IN-€OM-MuT-A-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality of being in- 

IN-€OM-MuTA-BLE-NESS, 5 commutable. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—K, e, 1, &c, short.— F XR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



fNC 



529 



IXC 



EN-eoM-MuFA-BLE. a. Not to be exchanged or commuted 
with another. 

IN-€OM-MuT'A-BLY, adv. Without reciprocal change. 

IN-€OM-PA€T, \ a. Not compact : not having the parts 

LN'-GOM-PAGTED, > firmly united; not solid. 

IN-€CLMTA-RA-BLE, a. That admits of no comparison 
with others ; matchless. 

[N-€OM PARA-BLE-NE5S. n. Excellence beyond compar- 
ison. 

IN-€0M'PA-RA-BLY, adv. Beyond comparison ; without 
competition. 

IN-€OM-PaR£D' (in-kom-pard') ! a. Not matched ; peerless. 
— Spenser. 

t IN-COM-PAS'SION, n. Want of compassion or pirv. 

IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Void of compassion or pity ; 
destitute of tenderness. — Johnson. 

IN-€OM-PAS'SIOX-ATE-LY. adv. Without pitv. 

LX-€OM-PAS'SIOX-ATE-XESS, n. Want of pity. 

^-eOM-PAT-I-BILI-TY. n. 1. Inconsistency; that quality 
or state of a thing which renders it impossible that it 
should subsist or be consistent with something else. 2. 
Irreconcilable disagreement 

N-€0-M-PATI-BLE,~fl. [Fr. It was formerly incompetible.] 

1. Inconsistent; that can not subsist with something else. 

2. Irreconcilably different or disagreeing: incongruou 



IN-€ON-CElVA-BLY. adr. In a manner beyond eompre 

hension. or beyond the reach of human intellect 
IX-€OX-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Inconceivable.— Hale. [Bare.) 
LX-€OX-CIX'XI-TY, n. [L.inconcinnitas.] Unsuitableness 

want of proportion. More. 
IN-€ON-€Lu'DENT, a. [L. in and condudens.) Not infer 

ring a conclusion or consequence. — Ayliffe. [Little used.) 
IN-€ON-€EeDTNG, a. Inferring no consequence. 
IN-€ON-€LL'SIYE, a. Not producing a conclusion; not 

closing, concluding, or settling a point in debate ur a 

doubtful question. ~ 
IX-€OX-€Lu'SlYE-LY. adv. Without such evidence as to 

determine the understanding in regard to truth or false- 

hood. 
IX-€OX-€LrSIVE-XESS. n. Want of such evidence as to 

Satisfy the mind of truth or falsehood 
IN-eON-€0€T', a. Inconcocted. 
IN-CON-€0€T'ED. a. Not fully digested; not matured, 

unripened. — Bacon. 
IX-€OX-€0€"TIOX, n. The state of being indigested : un- 
ripeness : immaturity. — Bacon. 
IN-€ON-€UE/RING. «. Not concurring ; not agreeing. 
IN-€ON-€US'SI-BLE. a. That can not be shaken. 
IX-UOX-DEXS-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being not 

condensable. 



3. Legally or constitutionally inconsistent : that can not i IX-UUX-DEXSA-BLE. a. 1. Not capable of condensation 



be united in the same person, without violating the law 
or constitution. — 4. In chemistry, a term applied to salts and 
:ther substances which can not exist together in solution 
without mutual decomposition. — Brande. 

!N€OM-PATI-BLY. adv. Inconsistentlv. 

LN-€OM-PENSA-BLE, a. That can not be recompensed. 

IN-€OMPE-TENCE, In. [Fr. incompetence.] 1. Inability; 

[N-€OMTE-TEN-C Y, 5 want of sufficient intellectual pow- 
ers or talents. 2. Want of natural adequate strength of 
body, or of suitable faculties. 3. Want of legal or consti- 
tutional qualifications. 4. Want of adequate means. 5. 
Insufficiency ; inadequacy, as of evidence. 

IN-GOMTE-f ENT, a. [Fr. ; L. in and competens.] 1. Want- 
ing adequate powers of mind or suitable faculties ; inca- 
pable. 2. Wanting due strength or suitable faculties : un- 
able. 3. Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications. 
4. Destitute of means ; unable. 5. Inadequate ; insuffi- 
cient. 6. Unfit : improper ; legally unavailable. 

1N-GOMTE-TENT-LY, adv. Insufficiently ; inadequately ; 
not suitably. 

LN-€OM-PLeTE', a. [in and complete.] 1. Not finished. 2. 
Imperfect : defective. — 3. In botany, lacking calyx or co- 
rolla, or both. 

IN-eOM-PLETETY, adv. Imperfectly 

(N-€OM-PLeTENESS : 
ness ; defectiveness. 

tN-€OM-PLE'T10N, n Incompleteness. — Smart. [Unau- i 
thorized.] 

IN-€OM-PLEX'. a. Not complex: uncomoounded ; simple, j 

rN-€OM-PLTA-BLE. a. Not compilable. 

IN-€OM-PLlANCE, n. 1. Defect of compliance : refusal to ! 
comply with solicitations. 2. Untractableuess ; unyielding ; 
temper or_constitution.— Tillotson. 

IX-€OM-PLl'AXT. a. Unyielding to request or solicitation ; 
not disposed to comply. " 

IN-€OM-PLiANT-LY. adz. Not compliantly. 

lN-GOM-PoS£D'(in-kom-p6zd'), a. Disordered; disturbed. ; 
— Milton. [Little used.] See Discomposed. 

[N-GOM-POSTTE or IN-eOMTO-SITE, a. Uncompcund- , 
ed; simple. 

IX-GOM-POS-3I-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of not being pos- \ 
sible but by the negation or destruction of something ; in- ] 
consistency with something. [Little used.] 

IX-€OM-POS'SI-BLE. a. Not possible to be or subsist with > 
something else. [Little used.] 

iN-GOM-PRE-HEXS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being in- 
comprehensible ; inconceivableness. — Campbell. 

IN-GOM-PRE-HENSI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That can not be ! 
comprehended or understood : that is beyond the reach j 
of human intellect : inconceivable. 2. Not to be contained. 
[Little used.] 

IN-GOM-PRE-HENS1-BLE-NES3. n. Incomprehensibility. ! 

LN-€OM-PRE-HENS'I-BLY. adv. Inconceivably. 

rN-€OM-PRE-HEN'5ION. n. Want of comprehension. 

IN-GOM-PRE-HENSTYE. a. Not comprehensive. 

IN-GOM-PRE5S-I-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of resisting com- j 
pression. 

IN-COM-PRESSI-BLE, a. Not to be compressed: not ca- I 
pable of being reduced by force into a smaller compass ; 
resisting compression. 

rN-€OM-PrTA-BLE. a. That can not be computed. ' 

W-GON-Ce ALA-BLE, a. Not concealable ; not to be hid or i 
kept secret. — Brown. 

IN-eON-CElV'A-BLE,a. 1. That can not be conceived by the 
mind: incomprehensible. 2. That can not be understood. 

EN-GON-CeTY'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in- 
conceivable : incomprehensibility. 



that can not be made more dense or compact 2. Not to 
be converted from a state of vapor to a fluid 

* IN-€GNDlTE. a. [L. inconditus.] Rude ; unpolished ; \r 
regular. — Philips. [Little used.] 

tIX-€OX-Di"TIOX-AL, a. Without any condition, excep 
ton. or limitation ; absolute. See Uxcoxditioxal. 

tIX-GOX-Dl"TIOX-ATE, a. Not limited or restrained by 
conditions : absolute. 

tLX-GOX-FiRYLED' (in-kon-furmd'). for unconfirmed. 

IX-GOX-FORMA-BLE, a. Not conformable.— Hevlin. 

IN-eON-FORM'l-TY, n. Want of conformity ; non-conform 
ity. [The latter word is more commonly used.] 

DC-GON-FvS_ED' (in-kon-fazd'), a. Not confused; distinct 
— Bacon. 

IN-GON-Fl'SION (-fu'zhun), n. Distinctness.— Bacon. 

IN-GOX-6E AL'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being frozen. 

IX-GON-GE ALA-BLE-NESS, u. The impossibility of bein: 
congealed or frozen. 

LX-GON-GE XI-AL. a. Xot congenial; not of a like nature 
unsuitable. 

IX-eOX-GE-XI-ALI-TY n. Unlikeness of nature; unsuite 
bleness. 

IX-€OX' GRU-EXCE. n. Want of congruence, adapcatioiL 
or agreement: unsuitableness. — Boyle. [Little used.] 
n. An unfinished state : imperfect- ] IX-GOX"GRU-EXT, a. Unsuitable: inconsistent 

i LN-GOX-GRu'I-TY. n. 1. Want of congruity ; impropriety, 
inconsistency : absurdity ; unsuitableness of one thing to 
another. 2. Disagreement of parts ; want of symmetry. 

IX-GOX 'GRu-OUS. a. [L. incongruus.] Not congruous, 
not fitting or agreeing. — Syx. Unsuitable : unsuited ; in 
consistent: inapprouriate ; unfit; improper. 

LX-GOX'GRU-OUS-LY. adv. Unsuitably; unfitly. 

IX-€OX-XE€'TIOX. n. Want of connection ;" loose, dis 
jointed state. — Bp. Hall. 

+ IX-GOX-XEXED-LY, adv. Without any connection o? 
dependence. 

LX -€OX'S C [QX-A-BLE (-kon'shun-a-bl), a. Having no sense 
of 2cod and evil : unconscionable. — Spenser 

US-GOXSE-QUEXCE, it. [L.inconsequeniia.] Want of just 
inference : inconclusiveness. 

IN-€ON'3E-QUENT. a. Xot following from the premises ; 
without regular inference. — Brmcn. 

IN-GON-SE-QUENTIAL, a. 1. Not regularly following 
from the premises. 2. Not of consequence ; not of im 
portance ; of little moment 

LX-GOX-SE-QUEX-TIAL'I-TY, n. State of being of no con 
sequence. 

LN-GOX-SE-QUEXTIAL-LY, adv. Without regular se- 
quence or deduction. 

LN-GON-SID'ER-A-BLE. a. Not worthy of consideration or 
notice. — Syx. Unimportant; trivial; immaterial; small, 
insignificant 

LN-GON-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS. n. Small importance. 

LN-GON-SID r ER-A-BLY, adr. In a small degree : to a small 
amount : very little. 

IN-GOX-5IDTR-A-CY, v. Thoughtlessness; want of con- 
sideration.— Chesterfield. [ Un usual] 

IX-GOX-SID'ER-ATE. a. [L. inconsideratus.] 1. Not con- 
siderate : not attending to the circumstances which regard 
safety or propriety. 2. Proceeding from heedlessness, as 
an act or remark. 3. Not duly regarding : with of; as, in- 
considerate of duty. — Syx. Thoughtless : inattentive: inad- 
vertent ; heedless ; negligent : improvident : careless ; im- 
prudent: indiscreet, incautious ; injudicious: rash: hasty. 

rN-€ON-SlD'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Without due consideration 
or regard to consequences ; heedlessly ; carelessly ; rash- 
ly; imprudently 



D6YE ;— BULL. UNITE :— AX'GER. Yi'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : cH as SH : V H i m 
Ll 






INC 



530 



INC 



LN-€ON-SID'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Want of due regard to 
consequences : carelessness ; thoughtlessness ; inadvert- 
ence: inattention; imprudence. 

IN-€ON-SID-ER-aTION, n. Want of due consideration ; 
want of thought ; inattention to consequences. 

IN-€ON-SIST'ENCE, \n. 1. Such opposition or disagree- 

JN-€ON-SIST'EN-CY, J ment as that one proposition in- 
fers the negation of the other ; such contrariety between 
things that both can not subsist together. 2. Absurdity in 
argument or narration ; argument or narrative where one 
part r*°stroys the other; self-contradiction. 3. Incongru- 
ity; want of agreement or uniformity. 4. Unsteadiness; 
changeableness. 

[N-€ON-SISTENT, a. 1. Not suitable, accordant, or con- 
gruous; as, inconsistent with propriety. 2. Not consist- 
ent ; absolutely opposed ; so contrary as to imply the de- 
struction of something else ; as, inconsistent with truth or 
duty. 3. Not uniform; being contrary at different times. 
— Syn. Incompatible ; incongruous ; irreconcilable ; dis- 
cordant; repugnant; contradictory. 

IN-€ON-SIST'ENT-LY, adv. With absurdity ; incongruous- 
ly ; with self-contradiction ; without steadiness or uni- 
formity. 

f IN-GON-SISTENT-NESS, n. Inconsistency— More. 

\ IN-€ON-SISTTNG, a. Inconsistent.— Drydcn. 

IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. Not to be consoled ; grieved be- 
yond susceptibility of comfort. 

IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that does 
not admit of consolation. 

1N-€0N'S0-NANCE, n. Disagreement of sounds ; discord- 
ance. — Busby. 

IN-€ON'SO-NAN-CY, n. Disagreement; inconsistency. — In 
music disagreement of sounds ; discordance. 

tN-€ON'SO-NANT, a. Not agreeing ; inconsistent ; dis- 
cordant. 

IN-€ON'SO-NANT-LY, adv. Not accordantly ; not consist- 
ently. 

IN-CON-SPieU-OUS, a. 1. Not discernible ; not to be per- 
ceived bv the sight. 2. Not conspicuous. 

[N-€ON-SPI€'U-QUS-LY, adv. So as not to be clearly dis- 
cerned. 

IN-€ON'STAN-CY, n. [L. inconstantia,] 1. Mutability or in- 
stability of temper or affection ; unsteadiness ; fickleness. 
2. Want of uniformity; dissimilitude. 

IN-€ON'STANT, a. [L. inconstans.] 1. Subject to change 
of opinion, inclination, or purpose ; not firm in resolution, 
as persons. 2. Subject to change, as things.— Syn. Muta- 
ble ; fickle ; volatile ; unsteady ; unstable ; changeable ; va- 
riable. 

IN-€ON'STANT-LY, adv. In an inconstant manner. 

fN.€ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. Not to be consumed ; that can not 

be wasted. 
>tN-€ON-SuMA-BLY, adv. So as not to be consumable. — 
Shelley. 

IN-€ON-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummate; not finished; 
not comDlete. 

IN-€ON-SUM'MATE-NESS, n, State of being incomplete. 

f IN-€ON-SUMPTI-BLE, a. 1. Not to be spent, wasted, or 
destroyed by fire. — Digby. 2. Not to be destroyed. 

f IN-€ON-TAM'IN-ATE, a. Not contaminated ; not adulter- 
ated. 
. IN-€ON-TAM'IN-ATE-NESS, n. Uncorrupted state. 

IN-€ON-TESTA-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not contestable ; not to be 
disputed ; not admitting debate ; too clear to be contro- 
verted. — Syn. Incontrovertible ; indisputable ; irrefraga- 
ble ; undeniable ; unquestionable ; indubitable. 

IN-GON-TESTA-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude de- 
bate : indisputably; incontrovertibly ; indubitably. 

EN-€ON-TIG'U-OUS, a. Not contiguous ; not adjoining ; not 
touching ; separate. — Boyle. 

IN-€ON-TIG'U-OU3-LY, adv. So as not to be contiguous. 

IN-e-ONTI-NENCE, \n. [L. incontinentia.) 1. Want of re- 

IN-€ON'TI-NEN-CY, 5 strain t of the passions or appetites. 
2. Want of restraint of the sexual appetite ; free or illegal 
indulgence of lust ; lewdness ; [used of either sex, but ap- 
propriately of the male sex. Incontinence in men is the 
B?,me as unchastity in women.]— 3. Among physicians, the 
inability of any of the animal organs to restrain discharges 
of their contents, so that the discharges are involuntary. 

LN-€ON'TI-NENT, a. [L. incontinens.] Not restraining the 
passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite ; un- 
chaste; lewd. 2. Unable to restrain discharges. — In the 
sense of immediate, or immediately, [obs.] 

iN-€QN'TI-NENT, n. One who is unchaste.— Ben Jonson. 

tN-GONTI-NENT-L Y, adv. 1. Without due restraint of the 
passions or appetites ; unchastely. 2. Immediately. — 
Pope. 

1N-€0N-TRA€T'ED, a. Not contracted ; not shortened. 

|N-€ON-TRoI/LA-BLE, a. Not to be controlled; that can 

not be restrained or governed ; uncontrollable. 
IN-€ON-TRoL'LA-BL Y, adv. In a manner that admits of 

no control. 
JN-CON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. Too clear or certain to ad- 



mit of dispute.— Syn. Incontestable ; indisputable ; irref 
ragable ; undeniable ; unquestionable ; indubitable. 

IN-€ON-TRO-VERT'I-BLY, adv. In a manner or to a de 
gree that^precludes debate or controversy. 

IN-€ON-VeNTENCE, ) n. [L. inconveniens.] 1. Unfitness , 

IN-€ON-VeN'IEN-CY, 5 unsuitableness ; inexpedience ; 
[obs.] 2. Any thing that disturbs quiet, impedes prosper- 
ity, or increases the dilficulty of action or success. — Syn. 
Incommodiousness ; disadvantage ; disquiet ; uneasiness ; 
disturbance ; annoyance ; molestation ; trouble. 

LN-€ON-VeNTENCE, v. t. To trouble ; to put to inconve- 
nience. 

IN-€ON-VeN'IENT, a. [Fr.] 1. Incommodious; unsuita- 
ble ; disadvantageous ; giving trouble or uneasiness ; in- 
creasing the difficulty of progress or success. 2. Unfit ; 
unsuitable. 

IN-€ON-VeN'IENT-LY, adv. Unsuitably; incommodious- 
ly; in a manner to give trouble ; unseasonably. 

IN-€ON-VERS'A-BLE, a. Not inclined to free conversa- 
tion; incommunicative; unsocial; reserved. 

IN-€ON'VERS-ANT, a. Not conversant ; not familiar. 

IN-€ON-VERT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being 
changeable or convertible into something else. — Walsh. 

IN-€ON-VERT'I-BLE, a. Not convertible ; that can not be 
transmuted or changed into something else. 

IN-€ON-VI€T'ED-NESS, n. State of being not convicted. 
—More. [Bad.] 

IN-€ON-VIN'CI-BLE, a. Not convincible ; that can not be 
convinced ; not capable of conviction. 

IN-€ON-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner not admitting oi 
conviction. 

IN-€o'NY, a. or n. [qu. in, and con, to know.] Unlearned ; art 
less ; an accomplished person, [in contempt.'] — Shak. [111.] 

lN-€OR'PO-RAL, a. Not consisting of matter or body ; im 
material. — Raleigh. [Little used.] See Incorporeal. 

IN-€OR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The quality of not consisting ol 
matter ; immateriality. 

IN-€OR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without matter or a body ; im- 
materially. 

IN-GOR'PO-RATE, a. 1. Not consisting of matter ; not hav- 
ing a material body; [little used.] 2. Mixed; united in 
one body ; associated. 

IN-€OR/PO-RaTE, v. t. [Fr. incorporer ; L. incorporo.] 1. 
In pharmacy, to mix different ingredients in one mass oi 
body ; to reduce dry substances to the consistence of pastfl 
by the admixture of a fluid, as in making pills. &c. 2. To 
mix and embody one substance in another. 3. To unite . 
to blend ; to work into another mass or body. 4. To 
unite ; to associate in another government or empire. 5. 
To embody ; to give a material form to, as a spirit. — Still- 
ingfieet. 6. To form into a legal body, or body politic, as 
a bank. 

IN-€OR'PO-RaTE, v. i. To unite so as to make a part oi 
another body ; to be mixed or blended ; to grow into oi 
coalesce : followed by with. 

IN-€ORTO-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Mixed or united in one body , 
associated in the same political body ; united in a legal 
body. 

IN-€OR'PO-Ra-TING, ppr. Mixing cr uniting in one body 
or mass ; associating in the same political body ; forming 
a legal body. 

IN-GOR-PO-R1TION, n. 1. The act of incorporating. 2. 
Union of different ingredients in one mass. 3. Association 
in the same political body. 4. Formation of a legal or po- 
litical body by the union of individuals, constituting an ar- 
tificial person. 

IN-€OR-Po'RE-AL, a. [L. incorporalis.] Not consisting ol 
matter ; not having a material body.— Syn. Immaterial ; 
unsubstantial; bodiless; spiritual. 

IN-eOR-Po'RE-AL-LY, adv. Without body ; immaterially. 
— Bacon. 

IN-€OR-PO-R£'I-TY, ti. The quality of being not material ; 
immateriality. 

IN-€ORPSE' (in-korps'), v. t. To incorporate. [Barbarous.] 

IN-€OR-RE€T, a. 1. Not correct ; not exact ; not accord- 
ing to a copy or model, or to established rules. 2. Not ac- 
cording to truth. 3. Not according to law or morality. — 
4. In aid writers,' not duly regulated or subordinated ; as, 
a will most incorrect to heaven. Shak. — Syn. Inaccuratn ,- 
erroneous; wrong; faulty. 

IN-€OR-RE€TION, n. Want of correction— Arnway. 

IN-€OR-RE€T'LY, adv. Not- in accordance with truth or 
other standard; inaccurately; not exactly. 

IN-€OR-RE€T'NESS, n. Want of conformity to truth or 
to a standard ; inaccuracy. 

IN-€OR-RE-SPONDTNG, a. Not corresponding.— Coleridge. 

IN-€OR'RI-6I-BLE, a. 1. That can not be corrected cr 
amended; bad beyond correction. 2. Too depraved tc 
be corrected or reformed. 

IN-€OR'RI-dl-BLE-NESS, \n. The quality of being bad, 

IN-€OR-RI-61-BIL'I-TY, ) erroneous, or depraved be- 
yond correction ; hopeless depravity in persons and error 
in things. 



* Set Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short. -FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



INC 



531 



INC 



'JJ-COR'RI-61-BLY, adv. To a degree of depravity beyond 
all means of amendment. — Roscommon. 

IN-COR-RoD'bBLE, a. That can not be corroded. 

LN-€OR-RUPT, \a. [L. incorruptus.] Not. corrupt; not 
IN-COR-R.UPTED, 5 marred, impaired, or spoiled ; not 
defiled or depraved ; pure ; sound ; untainted ; above the 
power of bribes. 

lN-€OR-RUPT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapa- 
ble of decay or corruption. 

LN-COR-RUPT'I-BLE. a. 1. That can not corrupt or decay ; 
not admitting of corruption. 2. That can not be bribed ; 
inflexibly just and upright. 

IN-COR-RUPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being incor- 
ruptible, or not liable to decay. — Boyle. 

lN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLY, adv. In a way not admitting of cor- 
ruption. 

IN-COR-RUPTION, n. Incapability of being corrupted. 

IN-COR-RUPT'iVE, a. Not liable to corruption. 

IN-€OR-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. Exemption from decay or cor- 
ruption. 2. Purity of mind or manners; probity ; integ- 
rity; honesty. 

rN-€RAS'SATE, v. t. [L. incrassatus.] 1. To make thick or 
thicker ; to thicken ; the contrary to attenuate. — 2. In 
pharmacy, to make fluids thicker by the mixture of other 
substances less fluid, or by evaporating the thinner parts. 

JN-CRAS'SITE, v. i. To become thick or thicker. 

IN-GRAS'SATE, ) a. 1. In botany, thickened or becoming 

IN-€RAS'Sa-TED, j thicker toward the flower. 2. Fat- 
tened. 

IN-CRAS'SI-TED, pp. Made thick or thicker. 

IN-GRAS'Sa-TING, ppr. Rendering thick or thicker ; grow- 
ing thicker. 

1N-€RAS-Sa'TION, n. The act of thickening, or state of 
becoming thick or thicker. — Brown. 

LN-CRAS'SA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of thickening. 

IN-CRAS'SA-TlVE, n. That which has the power to thick- 
en. — Harvey. 

IN-GReASA-BLE. a. That may be increased. — Sherwood. 

IN-€RkASE', v. i. [L. incresco.] 1. To become greater in 
bulk or quantity ; to grow ; to augment, as plants ; to be- 
come more in number ; to advance in value, or in any 
quality, good or bad. 2. To become more violent. 3. To 
become more bright or vivid. 4. To swell ; to rise ; as, 
the waters increase. 5. To swell ; to become louder, as 
sound. 6. To become of more esteem and authority. 
7. To enlarge, as the enlightened part of the moon's 
disk._ 

(N-GReASE', v. t. 1. To augment or make greater in bulk, 
quantity, or amount. 2. To advance in quality ; to add to 
any quality or affection. 3. To extend; to lengthen, as 
distance. 4. To extend ; to spread, as one's popularity. 
5. To aggravate, as wickedness. 

IN-CReASE' or IN'GReASE, n. 1. Augmentation ; a grow- 
ing larger in size, extent, or quantity, &c. 2. The result 
of augmentation ; profit ; interest ; that which is added to 
the original stock. 3. Produce, as of land. 4. Progeny : 
issue ; offspring. 5. Generation. — Shak. 6. The waxing 
of the moon ; the augmentation of the luminous part of 
the moon, presented to the inhabitants of the earth. 7. 
Augmentation of strength or violence. 8. Augmentation 
of degree. — Syn. Enlargement; extension; growth; in- 
crement; addition; accession. 

IN-GReASjED' (in-kreesf), pp- or a. Augmented ; made or 
grown larger. 

IN-CRF:ASE'FUL, a. Abundant in produce.— Shak. 

IN-€ReAS'ER, n. He or that which increases. 

IN-€ReAS'ING, ppr. or a. Growing; becoming larger; ad- 
vancing in any quality, good or bad. 

IN-CRe AS'ING-LY, adv. In the way of growing or increas- 
ing; growingly. 

IN-GRE-aTE', v. t. To create within.— Howe. 

EN'GRE-aTE, ) TT . . ,. .. 

IN'GR.F-a-TED \°" Uncreated, which see. 

IN-GRED-1-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incredibility The quality of 
surpassing belief, or of being too extraordinary to admit 
of belief. 

IN-GRED'I-BLE, a. [L. incredibilis.] That can not be be- 
hoved ; not to be credited ; too extraordinary and improb- 
able to admit of belief. 

IN-GKED'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incredibility, which see. 

[N-GRED'I-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude belief. 

fN-GRE-Du'LI-TY, n. [Fr. incredulite.] The quality of not 
believing ; indisposition to believe ; a withholding or re- 
fusal of belief ; unbelief; skepticism. 

rN-GRED'tJ-LOUS, a. [L. incredulus.) Not believing ; in- 
disposed to admit the truth of what is related; refusing 
or withholding belief. 

IN-GR FTW-LOUS-LY, adv. With unbelief or incredulity. 

tN-CRED'U-LOUS-NES^, n. Incredulity, which see. 

\ IN-GREMA-BLE, a. That can not be burned. 

IN'GRE-MENT, n. [L. iucrimentum.] 1. Increase; a grow- 
ing in bulk, quantity, number, value, or amount ; augment- 
ation. 2. Produce; production. 3. Matter added; in- 

1)6 VE; 



crease ; addition. — 4. In mathematics, the finite increase of 
a variable quantity. 

t IN'GRE-PaTE, v. t. [L. increpo.] To chide ; to rebuke. 

IN-GRE-Pa'TION, n. [It. increpazione.] A chiding or re 
buking ; rebuke ; reprehension. — Hammond. 

IN-GRES'CENT, a. [L. increscens.] Increasing; growing, 
augmenting; swelling. 

IN-GRIM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. in and criminor.] To accuse ; to 
charge with a crime or fault. 

IN-GRIM'IN-a-TED, pp. Accused ; charged with a crime. 

IN-GRIM'IN-a-TING, ppr. Charging with a crime or fault 

t IN-GRU-ENTAL. a. [L. incruentus.] Unbloody ; not at- 
tended with blood. 

IN-GRUST. v. t. [L. incrusto.] To cover with a crust or 
with a hard coat ; to form a crust on the surface of any 
substance. 

IN-GRUST'ITE, v. t. To incrust. [Little used.] 

IN-GRUST-A'TION, n. [L. incrustatio.] 1. A crust or coat 
of any thing on the surface of a body. 2. A covering ->r 
inlaying of marble, mosaic, or other substance, attached 
by cramp-irons, cement, &c. — Brande. 

IN-CRUSTED, pp. Covered with a crust. 

IN-GRUST'ING, ppr. Covering with a crust 

IN-GRUST'MENT, n. Incrustation.— Ed. Rev 

IN-GRYS'TAL-LlZ-A-BLE, a. That will not crystallize , 
that can not be formed into crystals ; uncrystallizable. 

IN'GU-BaTE, v. i. [L. incubo.] To sit, as on eggs for hatcb- 
ing. 

IN-GU-Ba'TION, n. [L. incubatio.] The act of sitting on 
eggs, for the purpose of hatching young. This word has 
of late been sometimes applied to the hatching of eggs by 
artificial heat. — Ure. 

t IN-GfJ-BI-TURE, n. Incubation. 

IN'GU-BUS, n. [L.] 1. The nightmare ; suffocative anhela- 
tion, with a sense of external pressure upon the chest, 
often seeming to be that of some hideous monster, and 
with tremor or violent struggle. 2. A demon ; an imagin- 
ary being or fairy. 

IN-GUL'GaTE, v- t. [L. inculco.] To impress by frequent 
admonitions ; to enforce by frequent repetitions ; to urge 
on the mind. — Syn. To teach ; instill ; implant ; infuse. 

IN-GUL'Ga-TED, pp. Impressed or enforced by frequent 
admonitions. 

IN-GUL'Ga-TING, ppr. Impressing or enforcing by repeat 
ed instruction. 

1N-CUL-Ga'TION, n. The action of impressing by repeated 
admonitions. 

IN-GUL'PA-BLE, a. Without fault ; unblamable ; blame- 
less ; that can not be accused.— South. 

IN-GUL'PA-BLE-NESS, n. Unblamableness.— Montagu. 

IN-GUL'PA-BLY, adv. Unblamably ; without blame. 

IN-GUL'PaTE, v. t. [L.] To blame; to censure; opposed 
to exculpate. — Smart. 

IN-GUL'Pa-TED, pp. Blamed; censured. 

IN-GUL'Pa-TING, ppr. Blaming; censuring. 

IN-GUL-Pa'TION, n. [L. in and culpa.] Blame; censure. 
— Jefferson. 

IN-GUL'PA-TO-RY, a. Imputing blame. 

IN-GULT', a. [L. incultus.] Untitled ; uncultivated. 

IN-GUL'TI-Va-TED, a. Not cultivated ; uncultivated. 

IN-GUL-TI-Va'TION, n. Neglect or want of cultivation. 

IN-GUL'TURE, v. Want or neglect of cultivation. 

IN-GUM'BEN-CY, n. 1. A lying or resting on something. 
2. The state of holding or being in possession of a bene- 
fice, or of an office. 

IN-GUM'BENT, a. [L. incumbens.] 1. Lying or resting on. 

2. Supported ; buoyed up ; as, incumbent on the air. ■■ 
Dryden. 3. Leaning on, or resting against. 4. Lying on, 
as duty or obligation ; imposed and emphatically urging 
or pressing to performance ; indispensable. 

IN-GUM'BENT, n. The person who is in present possession 
of a benefice or of any office. 

IN-GUM'BENT-LY, adv. In an incumbent manner.— Chair 
mers. 

LN-GUM'BER, v. I. [Fr. encombrer.] To burden with a load ; 
to embarrass. See Encumber and its derivatives. 

IN-GUM'BRANCE, n. 1. A burdensome and troublesome 
load ; any thing that impedes motion or action, or renders 
it difficult or laborious; clog; impediment; embarrasa 
ment. 2. A legal claim on the estate of another. 

IN-GUMTBRAN-CER, n. One who has an incumbrance or 
some legal claim on an estate. —Kent. 

t IN-GUM'BROUS, a. Cumbersome; troublesome. — Chaucer 

IN-CUR', v. t. [L. incurro.] 1. To become liable to ; to be- 
come subject to, as a penalty. 2. To bring on, as expense. 

3. To occur ; to meet ; to press on : with to or into ; [obs.\ 
IN-GuR-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incurabilite.] The state of being 

incurable ; impossibility of cure ; insusceptibility of cure 
or remedy. 
IN-GOR'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be cured ; not admitting 
of cure ; beyond the power of skill or medicine. 2. Not 
admitting remedy or correction — Syn. Irremediable ; re- 
mediless ; irrecoverable ; irretrievable. 



BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete* 



IND 



532 



IND 



IA T -€OR'A-BLE, n. A person diseased beyond the reack of 
cure. 

IN-€uR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not admitting cure 
or remedy. 

IN€€R'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that renders 
cure impracticable. 

IN-€U-RI-OS'I-TY, n. Want of curiosity ; inattentiveness ; 
inditference. — Wotton. 

IN-€0'RI-OUS, a. Destitute of curiosity ; not curious or 
inquisitive ; inattentive. — Swift. 

IN-€u'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Without inquisitiveness.— Bp. Hall. 

IN-€u'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Want of curiosity or inquisitive- 
ness. — Chesterfield. 

IN-€URR£D' (in-kurdO, pp. Brought on. 

IN-€UR'RENCE, n. The act of bringing on, or subjecting 
one's self to ; as, the incurrence of guilt. 

IN-€UR'R1NG, ppr. Becoming subject or liable to ; bring- 
ing on. 

IN-€UR'SION, n. [Fr. incursion; L. incursio.] 1. An enter- 
ing into a territory with hostile intention ; an irruption ; 
an inroad ; applied to the expeditions of small parties or 
detachments of an enemy's army, entering a territory for 
attack, plunder, or destruction of a post or magazine. 
Hence, it ditfers from invasion, which is the hostile en- 
trance of an army for conquest. 2. Attack ; occurrence. 
— South ; [unusual.] 

IN-€UR'SIVE, a. Hostile ; making an attack or incursion. 

IN-€URV'aTE, v. t. [L. incurvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to 
turn from a right line or straight course. 

IN-GURV'ATE, a. Curved inward or upward. 

IN-€URV'a-TED, pp. Bent ; turned from a rectilinear di- 
rection. 

IN-€URV'a-TING, ppr. Bending ; turning from a right line. 

LN-€URV-a'TION, n. 1. The act of bending. 2. The state 
of being bent or turned from a rectilinear course ; curvity ; 
crookedness. 3. The act of bowing, or bending the body 
in respect or reverence. 

IN-€URVE' (in-kurv'), v. t. To bend ; to make crooked. 

lN-€URVi£D' (in-Jiurvd'), pp. or a. Bent; bent or curved 
inward. 

IN-€URVI-TY, n. A state of being bent or crooked ; 
crookedness ; a bending inward. — Brown. 

< TN'DA-GaTE, v. t. [L. indago.] To seek or search out. 

IN-DA-Ga'TION, n. The act of searching ; search ; inquiry ; 
examination. — Boyle. [Little used.] 

IN'DA-Ga-TOR, n. A searcher ; one who seeks or inquires 
with diligence. — Boyle. [Little used.] 

IN-DAM'A6E. See Endamage. 

IN-DaRT', v. t. To dart in ; to thrust or strike in. 

IN-DXRT'ED, pp. Darted in. 

IN-DARTING, ppr. Darting or thrusting in. 

IN-DEB-T-T^TUS ASSUMPSIT. See Assumpsit. 

IN-uEBT' (-detf), a verb, is not used. 

IN-DEBT'ED (in-detfted), a. [It. indebitato.) 1. Being in 
debt ; having incurred a debt ; held or obliged to pay. 2. 
Obliged by something received, for which restitution or 
gratitude is due. 

IN-DEBT'ED-NESS (in-det'ted-nes), n. The state of being 
indebted. — Smart. 

IN-DEBT'MENT (in-defment), n. The state of being in- 
debted.— Hall. [Little used.] 

IN-De'CEN-CY, n. [Fr. indecence.] That which is unbe- 
coming in language or manners ; any action or behavior 
which "is deemed a violation of modesty, or an offense to 
delicacy. — Syn. Indelicacy ; indecorum ; immodesty ; im- 
purity ; obscenity. 

IN-De'CENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indecens.] Unfit to be seen or 
heard ; offensive to modesty and delicacy. — Syn. Unbe- 
coming ; indecorous ; indelicate ; unseemly ; immodest ; 
aross ; shameful ; impure ; unchaste ; obscene ; filthy. 

IN-De'CENT-LY, adv. In a manner to offend modesty or 
delicacy. 

IN-DE-CID'U-OUS, a. Not falling, as the leaves of trees in 
autumn; lasting; evergreen. 

IN-DEC'I-MA-BLE, a. Not liable to the payment of tithes. 

IN-DE-CT'PHER-A-BLE, a. That can not be deciphered. 
IN-DE-CIS'ION (-de-sizh'un), n. Want of decision ; want 
of settled purpose, or of firmness in the determinations of 
the will; a wavering of mind ; irresolution; hesitation. 
IN-DE-CI'SlVE, a. 1. Not decisive : not bringing to a final 
close or ultimate issue. 2. Unsettled ; wavering ; vacil- 
lating ; hesitating. 
IN-DE-Cl'SlVE-LY, adv. Without decision. 
IN-DE-Cl'SiVE-NESS, n. The state of being undecided ; 
unsettled state ; state of not being brought to a final issue. 
IN-DE-GLl'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indeclinabilis.] Not de- 
clinable ; not varied by terminations. 
IN-DE-€LlN'A-BLY, adv. Without variation.— Montagu. 
IN-DE-COM-PoS'A-BLE, a. Not capable of decomposition, 
or of being resolved into the primary constituent ele- 
ments. 
LN-DE-€OM-PoS'A-BLE-NESS, n. Incapableness of decom- 
position. 



* IN-DE-€o'ROUS or IN-DE€'OROUS, a. [L. indecoms.] 

Violating good manners ; contrary to the established rules 
of good breeding, or to the forms of respect which age 
and station require.— Indecorous is sometimes equivalent 
to indecent ,• but it is less frequently applied tc actions 
which offend modesty and chastity. — Syn. Unbecoming , 
unseemly ; rude ; coarse ; impolite ; uncivil. 

* IN-DE-€o'ROU3-LY or IN-DEG'O-ROUS-LY, adv. In an 

unbecoming manner. 

* IN-DE-€o'ROUS-NESS or IN-DE€'0-ROUS-NESS, n. Vio- 

lation of good manners in words or behavior. 

IN-DE-€o'RUM, n. [L.J Impropriety of behavior ; that in 
behavior or manners which violates the established rules 
of civility, or the duties of respect which age or station 
requires ; an unbecoming action. It is sometimes synon 
ymous with indecency ; but indecency, more frequently 
than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which refer 
to what nature and propriety require to be concealed or 
suppressed. • 

IN-DEED', adv. [in and deed.] In reality; in truth ; in fact. 
Indeed is usually emphatical, but in some cases more so 
than in others ; as, this is true ; it is indeed. It is used as 
an expression of surprise, or for the purpos. of obtaining 
confirmation of a fact stated ; as, indeed ! is t possible ? 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. indefatigabilis.] Not tired 
not exhausted by labor ; not yielding to fatigue. — Syn. Un- 
wearied ; untiring : persevering ; assiduous. 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE-NESS, n. Unweariedness ; persist 
ency. — Parnell. 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLY, adv. Without weariness; without 
yielding to fatigue. — Dryden. 

tIN-DE-FAT-I-GA'TION, n. Unweariedness. 

IN-DE-FKAS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
not subject to be made void. 

IN-DE-Fe AS'I-BLE, a. Not to be defeated ; that can not be 
made void. 

IN-DE-Fe A S'l-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be defeated or 
made void. 

IN-DE-FE€T-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being subject to 
no defect or decay. 

IN-DE-FEOT'1-BLE, a. Unfailing; not liable to defect fail- 
ure, or decay. 

IN-DE-FE€T'lVE. a. Not defective ; perfect; complete 

tIN-DE FeTSI-BLE, a. Indefeasible. 

IN-DE-FENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of not bo- 
ins capable of defense or vindication. — Walsh. 

IN-DE-FENS'I-BLE, a. 1. That can not be defended or 
maintained ; untenable. 2. Not to be vindicated or jus- 
tified. 

IN-DE-FENS'I-BLY, adv. In an indefensible manner. 

IN-DE-FENSlVE, a. Having no defense.— Herbert. 

IN-DE-Fi"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-se), n. The quality of not be 
ing deficient, or of suffering no delay. 

IN-DE-Fl"CIENT, a. Not deficient ; not failing; perfect. 

IN-DE-FlN'A-BLE, a. That can not be defined. 

IN-DE-FlN'A-BLY, adv. Not to be capable of definition. 

lN-DEF'IN-ITE, a. [L. indefinitus.] 1. Not limited or de 
fined ; not determinate ; not precise or certain. 2. That 
has no certain limits, or to which the human mind can 
affix none. — Syn. Unlimited ; undefined ; unsettled ; iude 
terminate ; vague ; uncertain. 

IN-DEF'IN-lTE-LY, adv. 1. Without any settled limitation. 
2. Not precisely; not with certainty or precision. 

IN-DEF'lN-fTE-NESS, n. The quality of being undefined, 
unlimited, or not precise and certain. 

t IN-DE-FIN'I-TUDE, n. Quantity not limited by our under 
standing, though yet finite. — Hale. 

IN-DE-HIS'CENT, a. [in and dehiscent.] Not opening spon- 
taneously at maturity, as the pericarp of a hazel-nut. 

IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, a. Done or performed without delib- 
eration or consideration ; sudden ; unpremeditated. 

IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Without deliberation or pre- 
meditation. 

IN-DEL-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being indelible. 

IN-DEL'I-BLE, a. [Fr. indelebile.] 1. Not to be blotted out; 
that can not be effaced or canceled. 2. Not to be annulled. 
— Sprat; [rare.] 3. That can not be effaced or lost; as, 
an indelible impress. 

IN-DEL'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be blotted out or 
effiiced ; too deeply imprinted to be effaced. 

IN-DEL'1-GA-CY, n. 1. Want of delicacy ; want of decency 
in language or behavior. 2. Want of a nice sense of pro- 
priety, or nice regard to refinement in manners or in the 
treatment of others ; rudeness ; coarseness of manners or 
language. 

IN-DEL'I-GATE, a. 1. Wanting delicacy. 2. Offensive to 
good manners, or to purity of mind. — Syn. Indecorous ; 
unbecoming; unseemly; rude; coarse; impolite; gross; 
indecent. 

IN-DEL'I-€ATE-LY, adv. Indecently; in a manner to of- 
fend asHinst oood manners or purity of mind. 

IN-DEM-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of indemnifying, 
savins harmless, or securing against loss, damage, or pen 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c„ long.— I, E, I, &c, short.- FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



IND 



533 



IND 



alty. 2. Security against loss. 3. Reimbursement of loss, 
damage, orpenalty. 

[N-DEM'NI-Fr.ED (in-dem'ne-fide), pp. Saved harmless; 
secured against damage. 

IN-DEM'NI-Fy, v. t. 1. To save harmless ; to secure against 
loss, damage, or penalty. 2. To make good; to reimburse 
to one»what he has lost. 

EN-DEM'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Saving harmless ; securing against 
loss ; reimbursing loss. 

IN-DEM'NI-TY, n. [Fr. indemnitee] 1. Security given to 
save harmless ; a writing or pledge by which a person is 
secured against future loss. 2. Security against punish- 
ment. 3. Indemnification or recompense for injury sus- 
tained ; as, they were taught to expect a large and lucra- 
tive indemnity for their pretended wrongs. — Lord Malum. 
[This is a recent sense of the word, borrowed from the 
French, and perhaps not fully authorized. — Ed.] 

LN-DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. That can not be demonstrated. 

IN-DEN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of naturalizing, or the pat- 
ent by which a person is made free. 

EN-DEN'iZE, v. t. To endenize, which see. 

IN-DEN'1-Z.E N, v. t. To invest with the privileges of a free 
citizen. — Overbury. 

CN-DEN'1-Z.EN.ED, pp. Invested with the privileges of a 
free citizen. 

IN-DEN'1-Z.EN-ING, ppr. Investing with the privileges of a 
free citizen. 

IN-DENT, v. t. [in, and Fr dent.) 1. To notch ; to jag ; to 
cut any margin into points or inequalities, like a row of 
teeth. 2. To bind out by indentures or contract. 

IN-DENT', v. i. 1. To be cut or notched ; hence, to crook 
or turn. — Milton. 2. To contract ; to bargain or covenant. 

IN-DENT', n. 1. Incisure; a cut or notch in the margin of 
any thing, or a recess like a notch. — Shalt. 2. A stamp. 
3. A certificate, or indented certificate, issued by the gov- 
ernment of the United States, at the close of the Revo- 
lution, for the principal or interest of the public debt ; [not 

IN-DENT-A'TION, n. 1. A notch ; a cut in the margin of 
paper or other things. 2. A recess or depression in any 
border. 

IN-DENT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Cut in the edge into points, like 
teeth. 2. Bound out by indented writings. 3. Bound, out 
by writines, or covenants in writing. 

IN-DENTED-LY, adv. With indentations. 

EN-DENTING, ppr. 1. Cutting into notches. 2. Binding out 
by covenants in writing. 

IN-DENTING, n. An impression like that made by a tooth. 

t ENDENTMENT, n. Indenture.— Bp. Hall. 

EN-DENTURE, n. A writing containing a contract. — Orig- 
inally, two copies were indented or cut so «*s to correspond 
to each other ; hence the name. 

EN-DENTURE, v. t. To indent ; to bind by indentures. 

EN-DENTURE, v. i. To run in and out ; to indent.— Hey- 
wood. 

tN-DENT'UR-ED, pp. Bound by indentures ; apprenticed. 

IN-DENT'UR-ING, ppr. Binding by indentures. 

IN-DE-PEND'ENCE, n. 1. A state of being not dependent ; 
complete exemption from control, or the power of others. 
2. A state in which a person does not rely on others for 
subsistence ; ability to support one's self. 3. A state of 
mind in which a person acts without bias or influence 
from others ; exemption from undue influence ; self-di- 
rection. 

EN-DE-PEND'EN-CY, n. 1. Independence, which see.— 2. 
In ecclesiastical affairs, a system of independency is one in 
which each congregation of Christians is a complete 
church, subject to no superior authority. 

IN-DE-PEND'ENT, a. 1. Not dependent ; not subject to the 
control of n*tars ; not subordinate. 2. Not holding or en- 
joying possessions at the will of another ; not relying on 
Mhers ; not dependent. 3. Affording tfte means of inde- 
pendence. 4. Not subject to bias or influence ; not obse- 
quious ; self-directing. 5. Not connected with. 6. Free ; 
easy ; self-commanding ; bold ; unconstrained. 7. Sepa- 
rate from ; exclusive. 8. Pertaining to the Independents. 

EN-DE-PEND'ENT, n. One who, in religious affairs, main- 
tains that every congregation of Christians is a complete 
church, subject to no superior authority. 

IN-DE-PEND'ENT-LY, adv. 1. Without depending or rely- 
ing on others ; without control. 2. Without undue bias 
or influence ; not obsequiously. 3. Without connection 
with other things. 

EN-DEP'RE-€A-BLE, a. That can not be deprecated. 

IN-DEP-RE-HENS'I-BLE, a. That can not be found out. 

IN-DE-PRlV'A-BLE, a. That can not be deprived. 

EN-DE-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That can not be described. 

EN-DE-SGRIPTiVE, a. Not descriptive or containing just 
description. 

IN-DE-SERT', v. Want of merit or worth. 

EN-DES'I-NENT, a. Not ceasing ; perpetual. 

EN-DES'I-NENT-LY, adv. Without cessation.— Ray. 

EN-DE-SlR'A-BLE, n. Not desirable. 



IN-DE-STRUCT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting de 
composition, or of being incapable of destruction 

IN-DE-STRUCT'I-BLE, a. That can not be destroyed ; in 
capable of decomposition ; imperishable. 

IN-DE-STRUCT'I-BLY, adv. In an indestructible manner. 

IN-DE-TERMTN-A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be determined, 
ascertained, or fixed. 2. Not to be determined or ended. 

IN-DE-TERM'IN-A-BLY, adv. In an indeterminable manner. 

IN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. 1. Not determinate ; not settled 
or fixed ; not definite ; uncertain. 2. Not certain ; not pio- 
cise. — An indeterminate quantity, in mathematics, a quantity 
having no fixed value. ' 

IN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Not in any settled man- 
ner ; indefinitely ; not with precise limits. 2. Not with 
certainty or precision of signification. 

IN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE-NESS, n. Indefiniteness ; want of 
certain limits ; want of precision. — Paley. 

IN-DE-TERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. Want of determination ; an 
unsettled or wavering state ; vacillation. 2. Want of fixed 
or stated direction. 

IN-DE-TERM'IN£D, a. Undetermined ; unsettled ; unfixed, 

IN-DE-V5TE', a. Not devoted.— Bentley. 

IN-DE-VoT'ED, a. Not devoted.- Clarendon. 

IN-DE-Vo'TION, n. [Fr. ; in and devotion.) Want of devo 
tion ; absence of devout affections. 

IN-DE-VOUT, a. [Fr. indevot.] Not devout; not having de- 
vout affections ; undevout. — Decay of Piety. 

IN-DE-VOUT'LY, adv. Without devotion. 

INDEX, n. ; pi. Indexes, sometimes In'dices. [L.] 1. That 
which points out ; that which shows or manifests. 2. The 
hand that points to any thing, as the hour of the day, the 
road to a place, <fec. 3. A table of the contents of a book. 
— Watts. A table of references in an alphabetical order. 
— 4. In anatomy, the forefinger, or pointing finger. — 5. In 
arithmetic and algebra, the figure or letter which shows to 
what power any quantity is involved ; the exponent. [In 
this sense the plural is always indices.] — 6. The index of a 
logarithm, is the integral part of the logarithm ; the char- 
acteristic. — 7. The index of a globe, or the gnomon, is a lit- 
tle style fitted on the north pole, which, when the globe is 
turned, serves to point to certain divisions of the hour cir- 
cle. — 8. Index of refraction, in optics, the sine of the angle 
of incidence, the sine of the angle of refraction being taken 
for unity. — 9. In music, a direct, which see. — In the Roman 
Catholic Church, the index prohibitory is a catalogue of 
books which are forbidden to be read ; the index expurga- 
tory is a catalogue specifying passages in books which are 
to be expunged or altered. These cata.bguos are pub- 
lished, with additions, from time to time, under the sanc- 
tion of the pope. — Hooke. 

IN'DEX, v. t. To provide with an index or table oi con- 
tents ; to reduce to an index ; as, to index a book. 

IN'DEXJSD (in'dext), pp. Provided with an index ; reduced 
to an index. 

IN'DEX-ER, n. He who frames an index. 

IN DEX1C-AL, a. Having the form of an index ; pertaining 
to an index. 

IN-DEXTG-AL-LY, adv. In tho manner of an index. 

IN'DEX-ING, ppr. Providing with an index ; reducing to an 
index. 

IN-DEX-TER'I-TY, n. 1. Want of dexterity or readiness in 
the use of the hands ; clumsiness ; awkwardness. 2. Want 
of skill or readiness in any art or occupation. 

INDIA (ind'yft), n. A country in Asia, so named from tLe 
River Indus. 

INDIA RUB'BER, \ n. The caoutchouc, a substance of ey- 

IN'DIAN RUB'BER, 5 traordinary elasticity, called, also. 
elastic gum or resin. 

INDIA-MAN, n. A large ship employed in the India trade 

INDIAN (ind'yan), a. ""Pertaining to either of the Indies, 
East or West, or to the aborigines of America. 

INDIAN (ind'yan), n. A general name of any native of the 
Indies ; a native of the American continent. 

INDIAN AR'RoW-ROOT, n. A plant of the genus maranta. 
1 INDIAN BERRY n. Cocculus Indicus, which see. — lire. 

INDIAN BREAD, n. A plant of the genus jatropha. 

INDIAN CORN, n. A plant, the maize, of the genus zea ; a 
native of America. 

INDIAN CRESS, n. A plant of the genus tropaolum. 

INDIAN FIG, n. A plant of the genus cactus. 

INDIAN INK, ^n. A substance made of lampblack and an 

INDIA INK, 3 imal glue, brought chiefly from China, and 
used for water-colors. 

INDIAN-LlKE, a. Resembling an Indian. 

INDIAN RED, n. A species of ochre.— Hill. 

INDIAN REED, n. A plant of the genus canna. 

INDIAN TO-BAC'CO; n. A species of lobelia, which see. 

INDIAN TURNIP, n. An American plant with a head of 
red berries growing on a stem, and a root resembling a 
small turnip, but having a very acrid juice. — Farm. Encyc. 

INDIAN-lTE, n. A mineral of the feldspar family. 

1NDI-CANT, a. or n. [L. indicans.] A term applied to that 
which points out what is to be done to cure disease. 



DOVE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi'^TOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



IND 



534 



IND 



IN'DI-CITE, v. t. [ir.indico.] 1. To point out ; to direct the 
mind to a knowledge of something. 2. To tell ; to disclose. 
— 3. In medicine, to manifest by symptoms ; to point to as 
the proper remedies. — Syn. To show ; mark ; signify ; de- 
note ; discover. 

IN'DI-€a-TED, pp. Shown ; p tinted out ; directed. 

[N'DI-€a-TING, ppr. Showing; pointing out ; directing. 

IN-DI-CA'TION, n. 1. The act of pointing out. 2. Mark; 
token ; sign ; symptom. — 3. In medicine, any symptom or 
occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suitable 
remedies. 4. Discovery made ; intelligence given. — Bent- 
ley. 5. Explanation ; display ; [little used.] 

LN-DICA-TIVE, a. [L. indicativus.] 1. Showing; giving in- 
timation or knowledge of something not visible or obvious. 
— 2. In grammar, the indicative mood is the form of the 
verb that indicates, that is, which affirms or denies. The 
word is often used as a noun to denote this mood. 

IN-DICA-TlVE-LY, adv. In a manner to show or signify. 

IN'DI-€a-TOR, n. He or that which shows or points out. 

lN'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. Showing; serving to show or make 
knowm 

IN-DI-€A'VIT, n. [L.] In English law, a species of the writ 
of prohibition. It lies for the patron of a church when his 
incumbent is sued for tithes by another clergyman. 

IN'DlCE. See Index. 

IN'DI-€0-LlTE, n. [L. indicum, indigo, and Gr. \i6oS-] In 
mineralogy, an indigo-blue variety of shorl or tourmalin. 

IN-DlCT' (in-dite'), v. t. [L. indictus.] In law, to accuse or 
charge with a crime or misdemeanor, in writing, by a grand- 
jury under oath. 

IN-DlCTA-BLE (in-dit'a-bl), a. 1. That may be indicted. 
2. Subject to be presented by a grand-jury ; subject to in- 
dictment. 

IN-DlCT'ED (in-ditfed), pp. Accused by a grand-jury. 

IN-DlCT-EE' (in-dite-e'), n. A person who is indicted. 

IN-DlCTER (in-difer), n. One who indicts. 

IN-DlCT'ING (in-dit'ing), ppr. Accusing, or making a formal 
or written charge of a crime by a grand-jury. 

IN-DIGTION, n. [Fr. ; Low L. indictio.] 1. Declaration ; 
proclamation. Bacon. — 2. In chronology, a cycle of fifteen 
years, instituted by Constantine the Great ; it was begun 
Jan. 1, A. D. 313 ; originally, a period of taxation. 

IN-DfG'TlVE, a. Proclaimed; declared.— Rennet. 

IN-DlCT'MENT (in-dite'ment), n. 1. A written accusation 
or formal charge of a crime or misdemeanor, preferred by 
a grand-jury under oath to a court. 2. The paper or 
parchment containing the accusation of a grand-jury. 

INDIES (ind'yez), n. ; pi. of India. 

IN-DIF'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. indifferentia.] 1. Equipoise 
or neutrality of mind between different persons or things ; 
a state in which the mind is not inclined to one side more 
than the other. 2. Impartiality ; freedom from prejudice, 
prepossession, or bias. 3. Unconcernedness ; a state of 
the mind when it feels no anxiety or interest in what is 
presented to it. 4. State in which there is no difference, 
or in which no moral or physical reason preponderates. 
Hooker. — Syn. Carelessness ; negligence ; unconcern ; ap- 
athy; insensibility. 

IN-DIF'FER-ENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indifferens.) 1. Neutral ; not 
inclined to one side, party, or thing more than to another. 
2. Unconcerned; feeling no interest, anxiety, or care re- 
specting any thing. 3. Having no influence or preponder- 
ating weight ; having no difference that gives a preference. 
4. Neutral, as to good or evil. 5. Impartial ; disinterest- 
ed ; as, an indifferent judge, juror, or arbitrator. 6. Pass- 
able ; of a middling state or quality ; neither good nor the 
worst. 

IN-DIF'FER-ENT-ISM, n. State of indifference.- Carlisle. 
[Bad.] 

IN-DIF'FER-ENT-LY. adv. 1. Without distinction or pref- 
erence. 2. Equally ; impartially ; without favor, preju- 
dice, or bias. 3. In a neutral state ; without concern ; 
without wish or aversion. 4. Not well ; tolerably ; passably. 

JN'DI-GENCE, )n. [Fr. indigence.] Want of estate or 

IN'DI-GEN-CY, 5 means of comfortable subsistence.— Syn. 
Penury ; poverty ; destitution ; need. 

IN'DI-GENE, n. [L. indigena.] One born in a country ; a 
native animal or plant. — Evelyn. 

IN-DIG'EN-OUS, a. 1. Native ; born in a country, as persons. 
2. Native ; produced naturally in a country ; not exotic, as 
plants. 

IN'DI-gENT, a. [L. indigene ; Fr. indigent.] Destitute of 
property or means of subsistence ; needy; poor. 

IN'DI-GENT-LY, adv. With indigence or destitution. 

f IN-DI-GEST', n. A crude mass.— Shak. 

IN-DI-GEST'ED, a. [L. indigestus.] 1. Not digested; not 
concocted in the stomach ; not changed or prepared for 
nourishing the body; undigested; crude. 2. Not separa- 
ted into distinct classes or orders, or into proper form ; 
not regularly disposed and arranged. 3. Not methodized ; 
not reduced to due form ; crude. 4. Not prepared by 
heat. 5. Not brought to suppuration, as the contents of 
an abscess or boil. — Wiseman. 



IN-DI-GESTI-BLE, a. 1. Not digestible ; . ot easily convert- 
ed into chyme, or prepared in the stomach for nourishing 
the body. 2. Not to be received or patiently endured. 

IN-DI-GEST'I-BLY, adv. Not digestibly. 

IN-DI-GES'TION (-jest'yun), n. Want of due coction in the 
stomach ; a failure of that change in food which prepares 
it for nutriment ; crudity.— As a disease, dyspepsia. 

IN-DIg'IT-aTE, v. t. To point out with the finger. 

IN-DIg'IT-aTE, v. i. To communicate ideas by the fingers ; 
to show or compute by the fingers. 

IN-DIGTT-A-TING, ppr. Showing, directing, or computing 
by the fingers. 

IN-DIG-IT-A/TION, n. The act of pointing out with tha 
finger. 

t IN-i)lGN' (in-dlne'), a. [L. indignus.] Unworthy ; disgrace- 
ful.— Shak. 

t IN-DIG'NANCE, n. Indignation.— Spenser. 

IN-DIG'NANT, a. [L. indignans.] Affected at once with an- 
ger and disdain ; feeling the mingled emotions of wrath 
and scorn or contempt. 

IN-DIG'NANT-LY, adv. With indignation. 

IN-DIG-Na'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. indignatio.] 1. A strong and 
elevated disapprobation of what is flagitious in character 
or conduct ; anger or extreme anger, mingled with con- 
tempt, disgust, or abhorrence. 2. The anger of a supe- 
rior ; extreme anger, particularly, of the Supreme Being. 
3. The effects of anger ; the dreadful effects of God's dis- 
pleasure ; terrible judgments. 4. Holy displeasure at one's 
self for sin.— Syn. Ire ; wrath ; resentment ; fury ; rage. 

t IN-DIG'NI-FY, v. t. To treat disdainfully.— Spenser. 

IN-DIG'NI-TY, n. [L.indignitas.] Unmerited, contemptuous 
conduct toward another ; any action toward another 
which manifests contempt for him ; incivility or injury, 
accompanied with insult. — Syn. Contumely ; outrage ; af 
front ; abuse ; rudeness. 

t IN-DlGN'LY (in-dine'ly), adv. Unworthily.— Hall. 

IN'Dl-GO, n. [L. indicum, from India; Fr., It., Sp. indigo. J 
A substance or dye, prepared from the leaves and stalks 
of the indigo plant, and giving a deep blue color. 

IN'DI-GO-PLANT, n. A name common to several herbs or 
shrubs of the genus indigofera, from which is prepared 
indigo 1 

IN-DI-Go'GEN, n. White or reduced indigo, produced by 
the action upon blue indigo of any deoxydating body. 
Graham. 

IN-DI-GOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the 
strength of indigo. — Ure. 

IN-DI-GOT'IC AC'ID, n. An acid formed by dissolving in- 
digo in diluted nitric acid. 

IN-DIL'A-TO-RY, a. Not dilatory or slow. — Cornwallis. 

IN-DIL'I-GENCE, n. Want of diligence ; slothfulness. 

IN-DIL'I-GENT, a. Not diligent ; idle ; slothful. 

IN-DIL'I-GENT-LY, adv. Without diligence.- Bp. Hall. 

IN-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. That can not be diminished. 

IN-DI-RECT', a. [L. indirectus.] 1. Not straight or recti- 
linear ; deviating from a direct line or course ; circuitous. 
2. Not direct, in a moral sense ; not tending to a purpose 
by the shortest or plainest course, or by the obvious, ordi- 
nary means, but obliquely or consequentially. 3. Wrong ; 
improper. — Shak. 4. Not fair ; not honest ; tending to mis- 
lead or deceive; as, indirect dealing. Tillotson. — 5. Indi- 
rect tax, is a tax or duty on articles of consumption, as an 
excise, customs, &c. 

IN-DI-RECTION, n. 1. Oblique course or means.— Shak. 
2. Dishonest practice. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

IN-DI-RE€T'LY, adv. 1. Not in a straight line or course ; 
obliquely. 2. Not by direct means. 3. Not in express 
terms. 4. Unfairly. — Sltak. 

IN-DI-RECT'NESS, n. 1. Obliquity ; devious course. 2. 
Unfairness ; dishonesty. — Montagu. 

IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE (in-diz-zern'e-bl), a. That can not be 
discerned ; not visible or perceptible ; not discoverable. 

IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS (in-diz-zern'e-bl-nes), h. Incapa- 
bility of being discerned. — Hammond. 

IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLY (in-diz-zern'e-bly), adv. In a manner 
not to be seen or perceived. 

tIN-DIS-CERP'I-BLE, a. Indiscerptible.— More. 

IN-DIS-CERP'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not being capa- 
ble of separation of constituent parts. 

IN-DIS-CERP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapa 
ble of dissolution or separation of parts. 

IN-DIS-CERPTI-BLE, a. Incapable of being destroyed bj 
dissolution or separation of parts. 

IN-DIS-CERP'TI-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of sep 
aration into parts. 

IN-DIS'CI-PLlN-A-BLE, a. That can not be disciplined or 
subjected to discipline ; not capable of being improved by 
discipline. 

IN-DIS'CI-PLINE, n. Want of discipline or instruction— O 

Morris. 
IN-DIS-C6VER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-a-bl), a. That can not be 

discovered ; undiscoverable. 
IN-DIS-C6VE-RY, n. Want of discovery. [Unusual] 

■ See Synopsis. A, OT&c., long.— I, E I &c. short.— FIR, FALL7wHAT" j^PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD^Mo VE. BOOK^ 



IND 



535 



IND 



IN-DIS-6REET, a. 1. Not discreet ; wanting in discretion, 
as persons. 2. Not according to discretion or sound judg- 
ment, as conduct— Syn. Imprudent; injudicious; incon- 
siderate ; rash ; hasty ; incautious ; needless. 

IN-DIS-CREETLY', adv. Not discreetly ; without prudence ; 
inconsiderately ; without judgment 

EN-DIS-€ReTE', a. Not discrete or separated. 

IN-DIS-€Re"TION (-dis-kresh'un), n. [in and discretion.] 
Want of discretion ; imprudence. 

IN-DJS-€R1M'IN-ATE, a. [L. indiscriminatus.] 1. Undistin- 
guishing ; not making any distinction. 2. Not having dis- 
crimination ; confused. 3. Undistinguished or undistin- 
guishable ; promiscuous. 

1N-DIS-CRIMTN-ATE-LY, adv. Without distinction ; in con- 
fusion. 

1N-DIS-CR1MTN- I-TING, a. Not making any distinction. 

IN-DIS-CRIM-LN-ITION, n. Want of discrimination or 
distinction. 

IN-DIS-€RIM'IN-A-TIVE. a. Making no distinction. 

IN-DIS-CUSS.ED' (-dis-kust), a. Not discussed.— Donne. 

IN-DIS-PENS-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Indispensableness. [Rare.] 

IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. Not to be dispensed with : that can 
not be omitted, remitted, or spared ;_ absolutely necessary 
or requisite. 

IN-DIS-PENSA.-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
absolutely necessary. 

IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLY, adv. Necessarily ; in a manner or de- 
gree that forbids dispensation, omission, or want. 

IN-DlS-PERSiD' (in-dis-persf), a. Not dispersed. 

IN-DIS-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. indisposer.] 1. To disincline ; to 
alienate the mind and render it averse or unfavorable to 
any thing. 2. To render unfit ; to disqualify for its proper 
functions ; to disorder. 3. To disorder slightly, as the 
healthy functions of the body. 4. To make unfavorable 
or disinclined. 

IN-DIS-PoS-ED' (in-dis-pozd'), pp. or a. 1. Disinclined ; 
averse ; unwilling ; unfavorable. 2. Disordered ; disqual- 
ified for its functions ; unfit 3. Slightly disordered ; not 
in perfect health. 

IN-DlS-PoS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Disinclination ; slight aversion ; 
unwillingness ; unfavorableness. 2. Unfitness ; disordered 
state. 

rN-DIS-PoSTNG, ppr. 1. Disinclining; rendering somewhat 
averse, unwilling, or unfavorable. 2. Disordering; ren- 
dering unfit. 

IN-DI3-PO-Sl"TION, 7i. 1. Disinclination; aversion; un- 
willingness ; dislike. 2. Slight disorder of the healthy 
functions of the body ; illness ; tendency to disease. 3. 
Want of tendency or natural appetency or affinity. 

•IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. Not to be disputed; too evident 
to admit of dispute.— Syn. Incontestable ; unquestionable ; 
incontrovertible ; undeniable ; irrefragable ; indubitable ; 
certain ; positive. 

♦IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing indisputable, or too clear to admit of controversy. 

* IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLY, adv. Without dispute ; in a manner 
or degree not admitting of controversy ; unquestionably ; 
without opposition. 

IN-DIS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed or controverted; undis- 
puted.— Encyc. 

IN-DIS-SO-LU-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. indissolubility] 1. The 
quality of being indissoluble, or not capable of being dis- 
solved, melted, or liquefied. 2. The quality of being inca- 
pable of a breach ; perpetuity of union ; obligation or 
binding force. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indissolubilis.] 1. Not ca- 
pable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied, as by heat or 
water. 2. That can not be broken or rightfully violated ; 
perpetually binding or obligatory. 3. Not to be broken ; 
firm ; stable ; as. indissoluble ties of friendship. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being incapa- 
ble of dissolution or breach ; indissolubihty. 

FN-DIS'SO-LU-BLY, adv. In a manner resisting separation ; 
in a manner not to be dissolved or broken. 

IN-DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be dissolved; not 
capable of being melted or liquefied. 2. Indissoluble ; 
that can not be broken ; perpetually firm and binding. 3. 
Not capable of separation into parts by natural process. 

IN-D1S-SOLVA-BLE-NESS. n. Indissolubleness. 

tIN-DIS'TAN-CY, n. Want of distance or separation. 

IN-DIS-TINCT", a. [Fr. : L. indistinctus.] 1. Not distinct or 
distinguishable ; not separate in such a manner as to be 
perceptible by itself; [applied to physical objects.] 2. Not 
clear- or distinct, intellectually considered. 3. Imperfect ; 
faint; not presenting clear and well-defined images, as a 
prospect. 4. Not exactly discerning. — Shak.; [unusual.] — 
Syn. Undefined ; undistinguishable ; obscure ; indefinite ; 
vague ; ambiguous ; uncertain. 

IN-DIS-TIN€Ti-BLE. a. Undistinguishable.— Warton. [Lit- 
tle used.] 
lN-DtS-TIN"€TION, n. 1. Want of distinction ; confusion; 
uncertainty. 2. Indiscrimination ; want of distinction. 
3. Equality of condition or rank. 



IN-DIS-TINCTLY, adv. I . Without distinction or separa- 
tion. 2. Confusedly : not clearly ; obscurely. 3. Not 
definitely ; not with precise limits. 

IN-DIS-TINCT'NESS, n. 1. Want of distinction or discrim- 
ination ; confusion ; uncertainty. 2. Obscurity ; faintness. 

IN-DIS-TIN"GUISiI-A-BLE (-tin^gwish-), <*■ That can not 
be distinguished or separated ; undistinguishable. 

IN-DIS-TIN"GUISH-ING, a. Making no difference. 

LN-DIS-TURB'ANCE, n. Freedom from disturbance; calm- 
ness; repose; tranquiliirv. — Temple. 

IN-DITCH', v. t. To bury in a ditch— Bp. Hall [Rare.] 

IN-DlTE', v. t. [L. indico, indicium.] 1. To compose ; to 
write ; to commit to words in writing. 2. To direct or 
dictate what is to be uttered or written. 

IN-DlTE', v. i. To compose an account of.— Waller. 

IN-DlT'ED, pp. Composed ; written ; dictated. 

IN-DlTE'MENT, n. The act of inditing 

IN-DlT'ER, n. One who indites. 

IN-DlTING, ppr. Committing to words in writing; dicta 
ting what shall be written. 

IN-DI-ViDA-BLE, a. Not capable of division. 

UX-DI-ViD'ED, a. Undivided.— Patrick. 

IN-DI-VID'U.AL, a. [Fr. individuel] 1. Not divided, or not 
to be divided ; single ; one. 2. Pertaining to one only ; as, 
individual efforts. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL, n. 1. A single person or human being. 
2. A single animal or thins of anv kind. 

IN-DI-VID^U-AL-ISM, n. The state of individual interest or 
attachment to the interest of individuals, in preference to 
the common interest of society. — De Tocqueville. 

IN-DI-YID-U-AL'I-TY, n. Separate or distinct existence ; a 
state of oneness. — Arbuthnot. 

IN-DI-VID-U-AL-I-ZI'TION, n. The act of individualizing j 
the state of being individualized. 

IN-DI-VIDTJ-AL-lZE, v. t. To distinguish; to select or 
mark as an individual. — Drake. 

IN-DI-VIDTT-AL-IZ-ED, pp. Distinguished as a particular 
person or thing. — Drake. 

IN-DI-YID'U-AL-~lZ IN G, ppr. Distinguishing: as an individual 

IN-DI-VIDTT-AL-LY, adv. 1. Separately ; by itself; to the 
exclusion of others. 2. With separate or distinct exist- 
ence. 3. Inseparably ; incommunicably. 

IN-DI-YID'U-ATE, a. Undivided. 

IN-DI-VID-U-iTE, v. t. To make single ; to distinguish 
from others of the species. — More. 

IN-DI-VID-U-A'TION, ??. 1. The act of making single or the 
same, to the exclusion of others. 2. The act of separating 
into individuals by analysis. 

t IN-DI-YID-U'I-TY, n. Separate existence. 

IN-DI-VINi-TY, n. Want of divine power. — Brmcn. 

IN-DI-YIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The state of bein3»indivi?:ble. 

1N-DI-VIS'I-BLE, a. That can not be divided, separated, or 
broken ; not separable into parts. 

IN-DI-YIS'I-BLE, n. In geometry, indivisibles are the ele- 
ments or principles, supposed to be infinitely small into 
which a body or figure mav be resolved. 

IN-DI-YIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Indivisibility. 

IN-DI-VIS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of division. 

IN-DI-YIS'ION, 72. A state of being not divided.— Afore 
i INDO-BRITON, n. A person born in India, one of whose 
pnrents is a native of Great Britain. — Malcom. 

* IN-Do'CI-BLE or IN-DOCI-BLE, a, 1. Unteacbable; not 

capable of being taught or not easily instructed ; dull in 
intpllect 2. Intractable, as a beast 

* IN-Do'CI-BLE-NESS or FN-DOC'I-BLE-NESS, n. Indocil • 
ity.— Taylor. 

*IN-Do'ClLE or IN-DOCILE, a. [Fr. : L. indocilis.] 1. 
Not teachable ; not easily instructed ; dull. 2. Intractable, 
as a beast 

LN-DO-CIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. indocilite.] 1. Unteachableness ; 
dullness of intellect, 2. Intractableness. 
j IN-DOC'TRIN-ITE, v. t. [Fr. endoctriner.] To teach; to 
instruct in rudiments or principles. 

IN-DOC'TRIN-a-TED, pp. Taught ; instructed in the prin- 
ciples of any science. 

IN-DOC'TRIN- a-TING, ppr. Teaching ; instructing in prin 
ciples or rudiments. 

IN-DOC-TRIN-aTION, n. Instruction in the rudiments and 
principles of any science ; information. 

IN'DO-LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. indolcntia.] 1. Literally, free- 
dom from pain. — Burnet. 2. Habitual idleness ; indisposi- 
tion to labor ; laziness ; inaction or want of exertion of 
body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to 
toil. — Indolence, like laziness, implies a constitutional or 
habitual love of ease ; idleness does not. 

DN'DO-LENT, a. [Fr.] 1. Habitually idle or indisposed to 
labor; lazy; listless ; sluggish: indulging in ease. 2. In- 
active ; idle ; slothful : as, indolent habits. 3. Free from 
pain: as, an indolent tumor. — Johnson. 

IN'DO-LENT-LY, adv. In habitual idleness and ease : with- 
out action, activity, or exertion ; lazily. 

FN-DOM'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. in and domo.] That can not be 
subdued; irrepressible; untamable. — Herbert. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Yl CIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete. 



IND 



536 



IND 



IN-DOMPT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be subdued. [Rare.] 

IN-DORS'A-BLE, a. That may be indorsed, assigned, and 
made payable to order. 

IN-DORSE', v. t. [L. in and dorsum.] 1. To write on the 
back of a paper or written instrument. 2. To assign by 
writing an order on the back of a note or bill ; to assign or 
transfer by indorsement. 3. To give sanction or currency 
to ; as, to indorse a statement or the opinions of another ; 
[modern.]— To indorse in blank, to write a name only on 
a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the holder. 

IN-DOR-SEE', n. The person to whom a note or bill is in- 
dorsed, or assigned by indorsement. 

tN-DORS£D' (in-dorst), pp. or a. Written on the back ; as- 
signed ; sanctioned. 

IN-DORSE'MENT, n. 1. The act of writing on the back of 
a note, bill, or other written instrument. 2. That which is 
written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper. 3. 
Sanction or support given ; as, the indorsement of a rumor. 

LN-DORS'ER, n. The person who indorses a note, &c, and 
thus becomes liable for its payment. 

IN-DORS'ING, ppr. Writing on the back; assigning; sanc- 
tioning. 

fN-DORS'ING, n. Making an indorsement ; sanctioning. 

t IN'DRaUGHT (in'draft), n. An opening from the sea into 
the land ; an inlet. — Raleigh. 

INTDRAWN, a. Drawn in. 

IN-DRENCH, v. t. To overwhelm with water ; to drown ; 
to drench.— Shah. 

IN-DRENCH.ED' (-drenchtf), pp. Overwhelmed with water. 

IN-Du'BI-OUS, a. [L. indubius.] 1. Not dubious or doubt- 
ful ; certain. 2. Not doubting ; unsuspecting. 

IN-Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indubitabilis] Not to be 
doubted ; apparently certain ; too plain to admit of doubt. 
— Syn. Unquestionable ; evident ; incontrovertible ; in- 
contestable ; undeniable ; irrefragable. 

IN-Du'BI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being indubitable.— 
Ash. 

IN-Du'BI-TA-BLY, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in 
a manner to remove all doubt. — Sprat. 

\ IN-DU'BI-TATE, a. [L. indubitatus.] Not questioned ; evi- 
dent; certain — Bacon. 

IN-DuCE', v. t. [L. induco.] 1. To lead, as by persuasion or 
argument ; to prevail on ; to influence by motives. 2. To 
produce by influence. — Forbes. 3. To produce; to bring 
on ; to cause, as changes. 4. To introduce ; to bring into 
view. — Pope. 5. To offer by way of induction or inference ; 
[not used.] — 6. In electricity, to transmit or exert an electric 
influence through a non-conducting medium, without any 
apparent communication of a spark. — Syn. To move ; 
actuate; urge; incite; impel; instigate. 

IN-Du CED' (in-dustf), pp. Persuaded by motives ; influ- 
enced ; produced ; caused ; transmitted, as electric influ- 
ence through a non-conducting medium. 

IN-DOCE'MENT, n. 1. Any thing that leads the mind to 
will or to act. — 2. In law, a statement of facts introducing 
other material facts. — Syn. Incitement; motive; reason; 
cause. 

IN-DuC'ER, n. He or that which induces, persuades, or in- 
fluences. 

IN-Du'CI-BLE, a. 1. That may be induced ;' that may be 
offered by induction. 2. That may be caused. 

IN-DuC'ING, ppr. Leading or moving by reason or argu- 
ments ; persuading ; producing ; causing ; transmitting 
electric influence through a non-conducting medium. 

1N-DUCT, v. t. [L. inductus.] To introduce, as to a bene- 
fice or office ; to put in actual possession of an ecclesias- 
tical living or of any other office, with the customary forms 
and ceremonies. 

IN-DU€T'ED, pp. Introduced into office with the usual 
formalities. 

IN-DUCTILE, a. Not capable of being drawn into threads, 
as a metal. 

IN-DU€-TIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inductile. 

IN-DU€TTNG, ppr. Introducing into office with the usual 
formalities. 

IN-DUCTION, n. [Fr. ; L. inductio.] 1. Literally, a bringing 
in ; introduction ; entrance. 2. The bringing forward of par- 
ticulars, or individual cases, with a view to establish some 
general conclusion. 3. A kind of argument which infers 
respecting a whole class what has been ascertained re- 
specting one or more individuals of that class. — Whateley. 
This is the inductive method of Bacon, and is the direct re- 
verse of logical deduction. It ascends from the parts to the 
whole, and forms, from the general analogy of nature or 
special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have 
greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strength- 
ened or weakened by subsequent experience. It relates 
to actual existences, as in physical science or the concerns 
of life. Deduction, on the contrary, descends from the 
whole to some included part ; its inferences are necessary 
conclusions according to the laws of thought, being mere- 
ly the mental recognition of some particulars, as included 
and contained in something general. 4. The inference of 



some general truth from all the particulars embraced un- 
der it, as legitimated by the laws of thought, and abstract- 
ed from the conditions of any particular matter. This 
may be called metaphysical induction, and should be care- 
fully distinguished from the illations of physics spoken of 
above. 5. The conclusion or inference drawn from a pro- 
cess of induction. 6. The introduction of a person into an 
office by the usual forms and ceremonies. — 7. In electricity, 
an influence exerted by an electrified body through a non- 
conducting body without any apparent communication of 
a spark. Olmsted. — 8. In old plays, an introductory scene 
leading to the main action. 

IN-DUCTION-AL, a. Pertaining to induction. — Maunder. 

IN-DU€T'IVE, a. 1. Leading or drawing : with to.— Milton. 
2. Tending to induce or cause ; [rare.] 3. Leading to in- 
ferences ; proceeding by induction ; employed in drawing 
conclusions from premises ; as, the indactive philosophy. 

IN-DUGT'lVE-LY, adv. By induction or inference. 

IN-DU€T'OR, n. The person who inducts another into an 
office or benefice. 

IN-DuE' (in-du'), v. t. [L. induo.] 1. To put on something, 
to invest; to clothe. 2. To furnish; to supply with; to 
endow. 

IN-D0.ED' (in-dud'), pp. Clothed; invested. 

IN-DuE'MENT (in-du'ment), n. A putting on ; endowment. 

IN-Du'ING, ppr. Investing ; putting on. 

IN-DULGE' (in-dulj'), v. t. [L. indulgeo.] 1. To permit to be 
or to continue ; to sutler ; not to restrain or oppose, as 
one's desires or hopes. 2. To gratify, negatively ; not to 
check or restrain the will, appetite, or desire ; as, to in- 
dulge the young in their pleasures. 3. To gratify, positive- 
ly; to grant something not of right, but as a favor; to 
grant in compliance with wishes or desire.— 4. In general, 
to gratify ; to yield to the wishes of; to withhold restraint 
from. — Syn. To cherish ; foster ; harbor ; allow ; favor ; 
humor. 

IN-DULGE' (in-dulj'), v. i. 1. To permit to enjoy or prac- 
tice ; or to yield to the enjoyment or practice of, without 
restraint or control. 2. To yield ; to comply ; to be fa- 
vorable ; [little used.] 

IN-DULg£D' (in-duljd'), pp. 1. Permitted to be and to oper- 
ate without check or control. 2. Gratified ; yielded to ; 
humored in wishes or desires. 3. Granted. 

IN-DUL'GENCE, )n. 1. Free permission to the appetites, 

IN-DUL'gEN-CY, 5 humor, desires, passions, or will to act 
or operate ; forbearance of restraint or control. 2. Grati- 
fication. 3. Favor granted; liberality; gratification.— 4. 
In the Roman Catholic Church, remission of the punish- 
ment due to sins, granted by the pope or church, and sup- 
posed to save the sinner from purgatory. 

IN-DUL'GENT, a. 1. Yielding to the wishes, desires, humor, 
or appetites of those under one's care ; kind ; tender ; 
compliant ; not opposing or restraining. 2. Mild ; favor- 
able; not severe, as criticism. 3. Gratifying; favoring: 
with of; as, " indulgent of their ease." — Dryden. 

IN-DUL-GEN'TIAL, a. Relating to the indulgences of the 
Roman Catholic Church.— Brevint. [Not well authorized.] 

IN-DUL'GENT-LY, adv. 1. With unrestrained enjoyment. 
— Hammond. 2. Mildly ; favorably ; not severely. 

IN-DULG'ER, n. One who indulges. — Montagu. 

IN-DULG'ING, ppr. Permitting to enjoy or to practice. 

IN-DULT', )n. [Fr. ; It. indulto.] 1. A privilege or ex- 

IN-DULT'O, > emption. — 2. In the Roman Catholic Church, 
a privilege granted by the pope to certain persons, of 
doing or obtaining something contrary to established rule 
or law. — 3. In Spain, a duty, tax, or custom paid to the 
king for all goods imported from the West Indies in the 
galleons. 

lN-Du'PLI-GATE, a. [L. in and duplicatus.] In botany, hav- 
ing the margins bent abruptly inward, and the external 
face of the edges applied to each without any twisting. — 
Lindley. 

IN'DU-RaTE, v. i. [L. induro.] To grow hard ; to harden 
or become hard. 

IN'DU-RaTE, v. t. 1. To make hard. 2. To make unfeel- 
ing ; to deprive of sensibility ; to render obdurate. 

IN'DU-RA-TED,pp. or a. Hardened; made obdurate. 

IN'DU-Ra-TING, ppr. Hardening ; rendering insensible. 

IN-DU-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of hardening, or process of 
growing hard. 2. Hardness of heart ; obduracy. 

IN-Du'SIAL, a. [L. indusia.] Composed of, or containing 
the petrified indusia, or the cases of the larves of certain 
insects; as, indusial limestone. — Brande. 

IN-Du'SI-UM (-she-um), n. [L.] In botany, a collection of 
hairs upon the style of a flower, united into the form of a 
cup, and in closing the stigma. 2. A superincumbent por- 
tion of cuticle continuing to cover the sori of ferns when 
they are mature. 

IN-DUS'TRI-AL, n. Consisting in industry; pertaining to 
industry. 

IN-DUS'TRI-AL-LY, adv. With reference to industry. 

IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. [L. industrius.] 1. Diligent in busi 
ness or study ; constantly, regularly, or habitually occu 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long.— a. E, I, &c, short _FiR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARlN E, BiRD ;- -MOVE, BOOK, 



INE 



537 



INE 



pied m business; assiduous; active; laborious. 2. Dili- 
gent in a particular pursuit, or to a particular end. 3. Giv- 
en to industry ; characterized by diligence, as habits. 4. 
Careful ; assiduous. — Watts. 

fN-DUSTPd-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With habitual diligence ; with 
steady application of the powers of body or of mind. 2. 
Diligently ; assiduously ; with care. 

IN'D US-TRY, n. [L. industria.} Habitual diligence in any 
employment, either bodily or mental ; steady attention to 
business ; assiduity. 

IN'DWELL-ER, n. An inhabitant.— Spenser. 

fN'DWELL-ING, a. Dwelling within ; remaining in the 
heart, even after it is renewed, as sin. — Macknight. 

IN'DWELL-ING, n. Residence within, or in the heart or 
soul. 

IN-E'BRl-ANT, a. [See Inebriate.] Intoxicating. 

IN-E'BRI-ANT, n. Any thing that intoxicates, as opium. 

IN-e'BRI-aTE, v. t. [L. inebriatus.] 1. To make drunk ; to 
intoxicate. 2. To disorder the senses ; to stupefy, or to 
■make furious or frantic. 

IN-E'BRI-aTE, v. i. To be or become intoxicated. 

IN-E'BRI-ATE, n. An habitual drunkard. — Darwin. 

IN-e'BRI-a-TED, pp. Intoxicated. 

IN-E'BRI-a-TING, ppr. or a. Making drank ; intoxicating. 

IN-E-BR1-aTION, n. Drunkenness ; intoxication. 

IN-E-BRl'E-TY, ■n. Drunkenness ; intoxication. 

IN-EDTF-ED, a. [in and edited.} Unpublished.— Warton. 

IN-EF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Unspeakableness. 

IN-EF'FA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. iueffabilis.] That can not be ex- 
pressed in words. — Syn. Unspeakable ; unutterable ; inex- 
pressible ; untold ; indescribable. 

IN-EF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Unspeakableness ; quality of being 
unutterable. — Scott. 

IN-EF'FA-BLY, adv. Unspeakably ; in a manner not to be 
expressed in words. — Milton. 

IN-EF-FICEA-BLE, a. That can not be effaced. 

IN-EF-F1CEA-BLY, adv. So as not to be effaceable. 

JN-EF-FE-GT'lVE, a. 1. Not effective; not producing any 
effect, or the effect intended ; inefficient; tiseless. 2. Not 
able ; not competent to the service intended. 3. Pro- 
ducing no effect. 

IN-EF-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. Not effectively. 

IN-EF-FE€T'U-AL, a. Not producing its proper effect, or 
not able to produce its effect. — Syn. Inefficient ; ineffective ; 
inefficacious ; vain ; fruitless ; weak. 

IN-EF-FE-GT'U-AL-LY, adv. Without effect ; in vain. 

IN-EF-FE€T'U-AL-NESS, n. Want of effect, or of power to 
produce it; inefficacy. — Wake. 

IN-EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n. Want of effervescence ; a 
state of not effervescing. — Kirwan. 

IN-EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Not effervescing, or not sus- 
ceptible of effervescence. 

IN-EF-FER-VES-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not effer- 
vescing, or not being susceptible of effervescence. 

IN-EF-FER-VES'Cl-BLE, a. Not capable of effervescence. 

IN-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS, a. [L. inefficax.) Not efficacious; not 
having power to produce the effect desired, or the proper 
effect ; of inadequate power or force. — Ineffiectual, says 
Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and inefficacious, 
an habitual impotence to any effect. But the distinction is 
not always observed. 

[N-EF-FI-€a'C10US-LY, adv. Without efficacy or effect. 

[N-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS-NESS, n. Want of power to produce 
the effect, or want of effect. 

IN-EF'FI-GA-CY, n. [L. efficacia.] 1. Want of power to pro- 
duce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency. 2. In- 
effectualness ; failure of effect. 

IN-EF-Fl"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-se), n. Want of power or ex- 
ertion of power to produce the effect ; inefficacy. 

IN-EF-FI"CIENT, a. 1. Not efficient; not producing the 
effect; inefficacious. 2. Not active ; effecting nothing. 

IN-EF-Fl"CIENT-LY, adv. Ineffectually ; without effect. 

IN-E-LAB'O-RATE, a. Not elaborate ; not wrought with 
care. — Cockeram. 

IN-E-LAS'TI€, a. Not elastic ; wanting elasticity. 

IN-E-L AS-TIC'I-TY (-tis'e-te), n. The absence of elasticity ; 
the want of elastic power. 

IN-EL'E-GANCE, ? n. Want of elegance ; want of beauty 

IN-EL'E-GAN-CY, > or polish in language, composition, or 
manners ; want of symmetry or ornament in building ; 
want of delicacy in coloring, &c. 

IN-EL'E-GANT, a. [L. inelegans.] Not elegant; wanting 
beauty or polish, as language, or refinement, as manners ; 
wanting symmetry or ornament, as an edifice. 

lN-EL'E-GANT-LY, adv. In an inelegant or unbecoming 
manner; coarsely; roughly. — Chesterfield. 

IN-EL-I-Gl-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Incapacity of being elected to an 
office. 2. State or quality of not being worthy of choice. 

IN-EL'I-Gl-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being elected to an 
office. 2. Not worthy to be chosen or preferred • not ex- 
pedient. 

IN-EL'i-Gl-BLY, adv. In an ineligible manner. 
IN-EL'O-QUENT, a. 1. Not eloquent; not speaking with 



fluency, propriety, grace, and pathos ; not persuasive. 2. 
Not fhient, graceful, or pathetic ; not persuasive, as Ian- 
guage or composition. 

IN-EL'O-QUENT-LY, adv. Without eloquence. 

f IN-E-LU€TA-BLE, a. [L. ineluctabilis.] Not to be resisted 
by strugaling ; not to be overcome. 

IN-E-LuD'f-BLE, a. That can not be eluded. 

IN-EM'BRY-ON-ATE, a. Not formed in embryo. 

IN-E-NAR'RA-BLE, a. [L. inenarrabilis.] That can not be 
narrated or told. 

IN-EPT', a. [L. inepttis.] 1. Not apt or fit ; unfit ; unsuit- 
able. 2. Improper; unbecoming; foolish. 

IN-EPT'1-TUDE, n. Unfitness ; inaptitude ; unsuitableness. 

IN-EPT'LY, adv. Unfitly; unsuitably; foolishly. 

IN-EPT'NESS, n. Unfitness.— More. 

IN-E'QUAL, a. Unequal ; uneven ; various. — Shenstone. 
[Rare.] 

IN-E-QUAL'I-TY, n. [L. inaqualitas.] 1. Difference or want 
of equality in degree, quantity, length, or quality of any 
kind. 2. Unevenness ; want of levelness ; the alt ?rnate 
rising and falling of a surface. 3. Disproportion to any 
office or purpose ; inadequacy ; incompetency. 4. Di- 
versity; want of uniformity in different times "or places. 
5. Difl'erence or disparity of rank, station, or condition.— 6. 
In astronomy, an irregularity or deviation in the motion of 
a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion. — 
Br a ride. 

IN-E-QUI-DIS'TANT, a. Not being equally distant. 

IN-E-QUl-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having unequal sides. 

IN E-QUI-LIB'RI-O. [L.] In an even poise; equally bal- 
anced. 

IN-EQ'UI-TA-BLE, a. Not equitable ; not just. 

IN-E'QUI- VALVE, \ a. Having unequal valves, as the 

IN-E-QUI-VALV'U-LAR, 5 shell of an oyster. 

IN-E-RAD'I-€A-BLE, a. That can not be eradicated 
Channing. 

IN-E-RAD1-€A-BLY, adv.' So as not to be eradicable. 

IN-ER-gET'I€, ? xj • 

IN-ER-GETH3-AL, \ a ' Havm S no ener ^' 

IN-ER-gET'IG-AL-LY, adv. Without energy. 

IN-EE.M', I a. [L. inermis.] In botany, unarmed ; desti- 

IN-ERM'OUS, 5 tute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf. 

IN-ER-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Exemption from error or from the 
possibility of erring ; infallibility. 

IN-ER/RA-BLE, a. That can not err ; exempt from error or 
mistake ; infallible. — Hammond. 

IN-ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Exemption from error ; inerra- 
bility. — Hammond. 

IN-ER'RA-BLY, adv. With security from error ; infallibly. 

IN-ER-RAT'I€, a. Not erratic ; fixed. 

IN-ER'RING-LY, adv. Without error or mistake. 

IN-ERT', a. [L. iners.] 1. Destitute of the power of moving 
itself, or of active resistance to motion impressed. 2. Very 
slow to act ; indisposed to move or act. — Syn. Inactive 
dull; sluggish; slothful; lazy. 

IN-ER'TIA (ih-er'sha), n. [L.] 1. A property of matter, by 
which it tends to preserve a state of rest when still, and 
of uniform rectilinear motion when moving. — Bigelow. 2. 
Inertness ; indisposition to move. 

IN-ER'TION, n. Want of activity ; want of exertion. 

IN-ERTI-TUDE, n. The state of being inert.— Good. 

IN-ERTTY, adv. Without activity ; sluggishly. 

IN-ERT1SESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being inert. 2. 
Want of activity or exertion ; habitual indisposition to ac- 
tion or motion ; sluggishness. 

IN-ES'€aTE. v. t. [L.~inesco.] To bait ; to lay a bait for 

IN-ES'-Ga-TED, pp. Baited. 

IN-ES-€a'TION, n. The act of baiting— Hallowell. 

IN ES'SE. [L.] In being ; actually existing ; distinguished 
from in posse, or in potentia, which denote that a thing is 
not, but may be. 

IN-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. Not essential ; unessential. 

IN-ESTI-MA-BLE, a. [L. incestimabilis.} 1. That can not be 
estimated or computed. 2. Too valuable or excellent to 
be rated ; being above all price ; invaluable ; priceless. 

IN-ES'TI-MA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be estimated or 
rated. 

IN-E-Va'SI-BLE, a. That can not be evaded.— Ec. Rev. 

IN-EVI-DENCE, n. Want of evidence ; obscurity. 

IN-EV'I-DENT, a. Not evident ; not clear or obvious ; ob- 
scure. — Brown. 

IN-EV-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. Impossibility to be avoided; cer 
tainry to happen. — Bramhall. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inevitabilis.] Not to be avoid- 
ed ; that can not be shunned; unavoidable; that admits 
of no escape or evasion. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoidable. 

IN-EV'1-TA-BLY, adv. Without possibility of escape or eva- 
sion : unavoidably ; certainly. 

IN-EX-A€T (x as gz), a. Not exact-, not precisely correct 
or true. 

IN-EX-A€T-NESS (x as gz), n. Incorrectness ; want of 
precision. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



1NE 



538 



INF 



TN-EX ClTA-BLE, a. Not susceptible of excitement ; dull ; 
lifeless; torpid. 

IN-EX-€uSA-BLE, a. [L. inexcusabilis.] Not to be excused 
or justified. — Syn. Unjustifiable ; unpardonable ; irre- 
missible. 

IN-EX-€uS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not admitting 
of excuse or justification. — South. 

IN-EX-€0S'A-BL Y, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly be- 
yond excuse or justification. 

IN-EX-E-€uT'A-BLE, a. That can not be executed or per- 
formed.— O. Morris. 

IN-EX-E-€U'TI0N, n. Neglect of execution ; non-perform- 
ance. 

[N-EX-ER'TION (x as gz), n. Want of exertion ; want of 
efibrt ; defect of action. — Darwin. 

IN-EX-HaL'A-BLE (x as gz), a. Not to be exhaled or 
evaporated ; not evaporable. — Brown. 

IN-EX-HAUST'ED (x as gz), a. 1. Not exhausted ; not 
emptied ; unexhausted. " 2. Not spent ; not having lost all 
strength or resources ; unexhausted. 

IN-EX-HAUST'1-BLE (x as gz), a. 1. That can not be ex- 
hausted or emptied ; unfailing. 2. That can not be wasted 
or spent. 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE-NESS (x as gz), n. The state of being 
inexhaustible. 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLY (x as gz), adv. In an inexhaustible 
manner or degree. 

IN-EX-HAUSTiVE (x as gz), a. Not to be exhausted or 
spent. 

IN-EX-IST' (x as gz), v. i. Not to exist.— Tucker. 

IN-EX-IST'ENCE (x as gz), n. 1. Want of being or exist- 
ence. — Broome. 2. Inherence. 

IN-EX-IST'ENT (x as gz), a. 1. Not having being; not ex- 
isting. 2. Existing in something else. — Boyle. 

IN-EX-O-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inexorable 
or unyielding to entreaty. — Paley. 

IN-EX'O-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexorabilis.] 1. Not to be 
persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer ; too firm and 
determined in purpose to yield to supplication, as a judge. 
2. That can not be made to bend ; as, inexorable laws — 
Syn. Inflexible ; immovable ; unrelenting ; relentless ; im- 
placable ; irreconcilable. 

IN-EX'O-RA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inexorable. 

IN-EX'O-RA-BLY, adv. So as to be immovable by entreaty. 

IN-EX-PE€T-a'TION, n. State of having no expectation. 

tIN-EX-PE€TED, a. Not expected. 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, )n. [in and expedience.] Want of fit- 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, 5 ness ; impropriety ; unsuitableness 
to the purpose. 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient ; not tending to pro- 
mote a purpose ; not tending to a good end ; unfit ; im- 
proper ; unsuitable to time and place. 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. Not fitly ; not expediently. 

IN-EX-PENS'iVE, v. Not expensive.— Coleridge: 

IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, n. Want of experience or experi- 
mental knowledge. 

IN-EX-Pe RI-ENCED (-ex-pe're-enst), a. Not having expe- 
rience ; unskilled. 

IN-EX-PERT, a. Not expert ; not skilled ; destitute of 
knowledge or dexterity derived from practice. 

IN-EX-PERTNESS, n. Want of expertness. 

IN-EX'PI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexpiabilis.] 1. That admits 
of no atonement or satisfaction. 2. That can not be mod- 
ified or appeased by atonement. 

IN-EX'PI-A-BLY, adv. To a degree that admits of no atone- 
ment. — Roscommon. 

t IN-EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That can not be explained ; inex- 
plicable. 

f IN-EX-PLe'A-BLY or IN-EX'PLE-A-BLY, adv. Insatiably. 
— Sandys. 

IN-EX-PLI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
inexplicable. 

IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexplicabilis.] That can 
not be explained or interpreted ; not capable of being ren- 
dered plain and intelligible. 

IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
inexplicable. 

IN-EX'PLI-GA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be explained. 

IN-EX-PLIC'IT, a. Not explicit ; not clear in statement. 

IN-EX-PLoR'A-BLE, a. That can not be explored, searched, 

or discovered. 
IN-EX-PoS'URE, n. A state of not being exposed. 
IN -EX-PRESSi-BLE a. Not to be expressed in words ; not 
to be uttered. — Syn. Unspeakable ; unutterable ; melta- 
ble ; indescribable ; untold. 
lN-EX-PRESS'I-BL Y, adv. In a manner or degree not to be 

expressed. 
IN-EX-PRESS'lVE, a. Not tending to express; not ex- 
pressing; inexpressible. 
IN-EX-PRESS'iVE-NESS, n. The state of being inexpress- 
ive. 
IN-EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexpugnabilis.] Not to be 
subdued by force ; not to be taken by assault ; impregnable. 



IN-EX-Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. inexsuperabuis.] Not to b*» 
passed over or surmounted, insuperable. 

IN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Having no extension.— Good 

IN-EX-TEN'SION, n. Want of extension. 

IN EX-TEN SO. [L.l Fully; at full length. 

IN-EX-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That can not be exterminated. 

IN-EX-TIN-GT, a. Not quenched; not extinct. 

IN-EX-TIN"GUISH-A-BLE, a. That can not be extinguish- 
ed; unquenchable. 

IN-EX-TiRP'A-BLE, a. That can not be extirpated. 

IN-EX'TRi-€A-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. inextricabilis ] 1. Not to 
be disentangled ; not to be freed from intricacy or per 
plexity. 2. Not to be untied. 

IN-EX'TRI-GA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inextri 
cable. — Donne. 

IN-EX'TRI-e A-BI , Y, adv. To a degree of perplexity nc t to 
be disentangled —Pope. 

IN-EyE', v. t. To inoculate, as a tree or a bud. — Phillips. 

IN-EY ED' (in-ide') pp. Inoculated, as a tree or bud. 

I IN-FAB'RI-€a-T) D, a. Unfabricated ; unwrought. 

IN-FAL-LI-BIL'I-T'f, In. The quality of being incapable 

IN-FAL'LI-BLE-NE3S, 3 of error or mistake ; entire ex 
emption from liability to error ; inerrability. 

IN-FAL'LI-BLE, a. [Fr. infaillible.} 1. Not fallible; not ca 
pable of erring. 2. Not liable to fail, or to deceive conn 
dence ; certain ; as, infallible proofs. 

IN-FAL'LI-BLY, adv. 1. Without a possibility of erring c 
mistaking. 2. Certainly ; without a possibility of failure. 

t IN-FaME', v. t. To defame. — Bacon. — Milton. 

IN'FA-MlZE, v. t. To make infamous. [ Unauthorized.] 

IN'FA-MOUS, a. [Fr. infame; L. infavii?.] 1. Of ill repor'e, 
emphatically ; having a reputation of the worst kind ; pub- 
licly branded with odium for vice or guilt ; notoriously 
vile ; [applied to persons.] 2. Held in abhorrence ; that 
renders a person infarr.ous ; f/S, infamous crimes. 3 
Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime. — Syn. De- 
testable ; odious ; scandalous ; disgraceful ; base ; shame- 
ful ; ignominious. 

IN'FA-MOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree to render 
infamous ; scandalously ; disgracefully ; shamefully. 2. 
With open reproach. 

IN'FA-MY, )n. [Fr. infamie ; L. infamla.) 1. To- 

IN'FA-MOUS-NESS, 5 ta! loss oi reputation ; public dis- 
grace. 2. Qualities which arj detested ana despised; 
qualities notoriously bad and scandalous. — 3. In law, that 
loss of character or public disgrace which a convict incurs, 
and by which a person is rendered incapable of being a 
witness or juror. 

IN'FAN-CY, n. [L. infantia.] 1. The first part of life, be- 
ginning at the birth. — 2. In law, infancy extends to the age 
of twenty-one years. 3. The first age of any thing ; the 
beginning, or early period of existence, as of science. 

t IN-FAN'DOUS, a. [L. infandus.] Too odious to be ex- 
pressed. — Howell. 

IN-FANGTHEF, n. [Sax. injangan, and theof] In English 
law, the privilege granted to lords to judge thieves taken 
on their manors, or within their franchises. 

IN'FANT, n. [Fr. enfant ; L. infans.] 1. A child in the first 
period of life, beginning at his birth ; a young babe. — 2. In 
law, a person under the age of twenty-one years, who is 
incapable of making valid contracts. Spenser uses infant 
for the son of a king, like the Spanish infante. 

IN'FANT, a. 1. Pertaining to infancy, or the first period of 
life. 2. Young ; tender ; not mature ; as, infant strength. 

IN'FANT-GAUD, n. A toy for children. 

IN'FANT-LlKE, a. Like an infant.— Shak. 

IN-FANT'A, n. In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the 
royal blood, except the eldest daughter when heiress ap- 
parent. 

IN-FANT'E, n. In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, 
except the eldest or heir apparent. 

IN-FANT'I-ClDE, n. [Low L. infanticidium.] 1. The in- 
tentional killing of an infant. 2. The slaughter of infants 
by Herod. 3. A slayer of infants. 

* IN'FANT-lLE, a. [L. infantilis.] Pertaining to infancy, or 
to an infant; pertaining to the first period of life. 

IN'F ANT-lN E, a. Pertaining to infants or to young children. 
— Sir Walter Scott. 

IN'FANT-LY, a. Like a child.— Beaumont and Fletcher. 

IN'FANT-RY, n. [Fr. infanterie.] In military affairs, the 
soldiers or troops that serve on foot, as distinguished from 
cavalry. 

tIN-FARCE' (in-fars'), v. t. To stuff. 

IN-FaR€'TION, n. [L. infarcio.] The act of stuffing or fill 
ing: constipation. — Harvey. 

t IN-FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. Unfashionable.— Beaum. and FL 

t IN-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. Indefatigable. 

IN-FAT'U-aTE, v. t. [L. infatuo.] 1. To make foolish ; to 
aflect with folly ; to weaken the intellectual powers, or tc 
deprive of sound judgment. 2. To prepossess or incline 
to a person or thing in a manner not justified by prudence 
or reason ; to inspire with an extravagant or foolish pas 



* See Synopsis- A. E. I. &c long.—l, £, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD :— MoVF, BOOK, 



INF 



539 



INF 



t IN-FATf ATE, a. Stupefied ; infatuated.— Phillips. 

IN-FAT U-A-TED, pp. or a. Affected with folly. 

INI ATU-A-TING, ppr. or a. Affecting with folly. 

IN-1 AT-U-I'TION, n. 1. The act of affecting with folly. 2. 
A state of mind in which the intellectual powers are weak- 
ened, so that the person affected acts without his usual 
judgment, and contrary to the dictates of reason. 

UN-FA USTTNG, n. [L. infaustus.} The act of making un- 
lucky. — Bacon. 

IN-FEAS-I-BIL'I-TY, \n. Impracticability ; the quality of 

IN-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, > not being capable of being done 
or performed. 

IN-F£AS'I-BLE, a. Not to be done ; that can not be accom- 
plished ; impracticable ; impossible. 

fN-FE€T, v. t. [Fr. infecter.] 1. To taint with disease ; to 
infuse into a healthy body the virus, miasma, or morbid 
matter of a diseased body, or any pestilential or noxious 
air or substance by which a disease is produced. 2. To 
taint or affect with morbid or noxious matter ; as, to in- 
ject the air. 3. To communicate bad qualities to ; to cor- 
rupt ; to taint by the communication of any thing noxious 
or pernicious ; as, to infect the mind. 4. To contaminate 
with illegality. — Syn. To poison ; vitiate ; pollute ; defile. 

tIN-FE€T', a. Infected. 

IN-FE€TED, pp. or a. Tainted with noxious matter : cor- 
rupted by poisonous exhalations ; corrupted by bad qual- 
ities communicated. 

IN-FE€T'ER, n. He or that which infects. 

IN-FE€T'ING, ppr. Tainting; corrupting. 

IN-FE€'TIUN, n. [Fr.] 1. The act or process of infecting. 
2. The thing which infects. Infection and contagion are 
used as synonymous, though a distinction between them 
has often been proposed. — 3. Figuratively, that which 
taints, poisons, or corrupts by communication from one 
to another. 4. Contamination by illegality, as in cases of 
contraband goods. 5. Communication of like qualities ; 
as, the infection of example. 

IN-FEC'TIOUS (in-fek'shus), a. 1. Having qualities that 
may taint or communicate disease to. 2. Corrupting ; 
tending to taint by communication. 3. Contaminating 
with illegality ; exposing to seizure and forfeiture. 4. 
Capable of being communicated by near approach. 

IN-FEC'TIOUS-LY, adv. By infection. 

fN-FEC'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being infectious, 
or capable of communicating disease or taint from one to 
another. 

IN-FE€T'lVE, a. Having the quality of communicating 
disease or taint from one to another. 

* IN-Fk'€'UND, a. [L. infacundus.] Unfruitful ; not pro- 
ducing young ; barren. 

IN-FE-CUND'I-TY, n. [L. infmcunditas.] Unfruitfulness ; 
barrenness. — Med. Repos. 

IN-FE-LIC'1-TOUS, a. Not felicitous ; unhappy. 

IN-FE-LIC'1-TY, n. [Fr. infelicite.] 1. Unhappiness ; mis- 
ery ; misfortune ; adversity ; calamity. 2. Unfortunate 
state ; unfavorableness. 

IN-FeOFF'. See Enfeoff. 

IN-FER', v. t. [Fr. inferer ; L. infero.] 1. Literally, to bring 
on ; to induce ; [little used.] 2. To deduce ; to draw or 
derive, as a fact or consequence. 3. To offer ; to pro- 
duce ; [not used.] 

IN-FER'A-BLE, n. That may be inferred from premises ; 
deducible ; derivable. — Burke. [Also written inferrible.] 

IN'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr.] A truth or proposition drawn from 
another which is admitted or supposed to be true. — Syn. 
Deduction ; conclusion ; consequence. 

IN-FE-REN'TIAL, a. Deduced or deducible by inference. 

IN-FE-REN'TIAL-LY, adv. By way of inference. 

IN-Fe'RI-jE, n. pi. [L.] Sacrifices offered by the Greeks 
and R.omans to the Dii Manes, or souls of deceased he- 
roes. — Brande. 

IN-FE'Rl-OR. a. [L.] 1. Lower in place. 2. Lower in sta- 
tion, age, or rank in life. 3. Lower in excellence or value. 
4. Subordinate ; secondary ; of less importance. 

IN-Fe'RI-OR, n. A person who is younger, or of a lower 
station or rank in society. — South. 

IN-FE-Rl-OR'1-TY, n, [Fr. inferiorite.] A lower state of dig- 
nity, age, value, or quality. 

IN-Fe'RI-OR-LY, adv. In an inferior manner, or on the in- 
ferior part. [A word that deserves no countenance.] 

IN-FER'NAL, a. [Fr. ; L. infernus.] 1. Properly, pertaining 
to the lower regions, or regions of the dead, the Tartarus 
of the ancients. 2. Pertaining to hell ; inhabiting hell. 3. 
Resembling the temper of infernal spirits ; very wicked 
and detestable. — Syn. Tartarean ; Stygian ; hellish ; dev- 
ilish ; diabolical ; satanic ; fiendish ; malicious. 

IN-FER'NAL, n. An inhabitant of hell, or of the lower re- 
gions. 

IN-FER'NAL SToNE. [L. lapis infemalis.] A name former- 
ly given to lunar caustic. — Hill. 

IN-FER'NAL-LY, adv. In a detestable and infernal way. — 
Harket. 

INFERRED', pp. 1" educed, as a consequence. 

D6VE >- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER,Tl"CIOUS.— G as 



IN-FER'RING, ppr. Deducing, as a fact or consequence. 

IN-FERTILE, a. [Fr. ; L. infertilis.] Not fertile ; not fruit 
ful or productive ; barren. 

IN-FERTlLE-LY, adv. In an unproductive manner. 

IN-FER-TIL'I-TY, n. Unfruitfulness ; unproductiveness 
barrenness. — Hale. 

IN-FEST', v. t. [Fr. infester ; L. infesto.] To trouble great- 
ly. — Syn. To annoy ; harass ; torment ; plague vex ; dis- 
turb. 

t IN-Ff^ST', a. Mischievous. — Spenser. — Smart. 

lN-FEST-A'TION, n. The act of infesting; molestation. 

IN-FEST'ED, pp. Troubled ; annoyed : harassed ; plagued, 

IN-FES'TER£D, a. Rankling ; inveterate. 

IN-FEST'ING, ppr. Annoying ; harassing ; disturbing. 

IN-FESTIVE, a. Having no mirth. 

IN-FES-TIV'I-TY, n. Want of festivity, or of cheerfulness 
and mirth at entertainments. 

t IN-FEST'U-OUS, a. [L. infestus.] Mischievous.— Bacon. 

IN-FEOD-aTION, 7i. [L. in and feudum.) 1. The act of put 
ting one in possession of an estate in lee. 2. The granting 
of tithes to laymen. 

IN-FIB-U-LXTION, n. [L. infibulo, from fibula, a clasp.] A 
clasping, or confining with a small buckle or padlock.— 
Miner. 

IN'FI-DEL, a. [Fr. infidele ; L. infidclis.] Unbcliering; dis- 
believing the divine institution of Christianity ; deistical ; 
skeptical. — Knox. 

IN'FI-DEL, n. One who disbelieves the inspiration of the 
Scriptures, and the divine origin of Christianity. In the 
wars springing out of the crusades, infidel was applied 
particularly to the Mohammedans, who in return called 
Christians giaours, or infidels ; the name was also given by 
the older writers to pagans. — Syn. Deist; ireethinker; 
skeptic. 

IN-FI-DEL'I-TY, n. [Fr. in fidelity ; h.infidditas.] 1. In gen- 
eral, want of faith or belief; a withholding of credit. 2. 
Disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the divine 
original of Christianity ; skepticism ; deism ; unbelief. 3. 
Unfaithfulness, particularly in married persons ; a viola- 
tion of the marriage covenant, by adultery or lewdness. 
4. Breach of trust ; treachery; deceit. 

IN'FIeLD, n. Land kept continually under crop. [Scottish.] 

IN-FIeLD', v. t. To inclose, as a field. [Not in good use.] 

IN-FILTERED, a. Infiltrated. 

IN-FIL'TRaTE, v. i. [Fr. filtrer.] To enter by penetrating 
the pores or interstices of a substance. 

IN-FIL'TRa-TED, pp. or a. Filtered in. 

IN-FIL'TRa-TING, ppr. Penetrating by the pores or inter- 

IN-FIL-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act or process of entering the 
pores or cavities of a body. 2. The substance which has 
entered the pores or cavities of a body. 

IN'Fl-NITE, a. [L. infinities.] 1. Without limits ; not cir- 
cumscribed in extent, duration, attributes, &c. 2. That 
will have no end. 3. That has a beginning in space, but is 
infinitely extended. 4. Infinite is used loosely and hyper- 
bolica.lly for indefinitely large, immense, of great size or 
extent. — 5. In mathematics, a term applied to quantities 
which are greater than any assignable quantity.- b finite 
canon, in music, aperpetual fugue. — Syn. Bo'-ndless; im 
measurable: illimitable; interminable; lir itless ; unlim 
ited; unbounded. 

IN'Fl-NITE, n. In mathematics, an infinite quantify. 

IN'FI-NITE-LY, adv. 1. Without bounds or limits. 2. Im- 
mensely ; greatly ; to a great extent or degree ; as, infi- 
nitely obliged. — Burke. 

IN'FI-NITE-NESS, u. 1. Boundless extent of tune, space, 
or qualities ; infinity. 2. Immensity ; greatness. 

IN-FIN-J-TES'I-MAL, a. Infinitely small; less than any as- 
signable quantity. 

IN-FIN-I-TES'I-MAL, n. An infinitely small quantity; that 
which is less than any assignable quartity. 

IN-FIN-I-TES'l-MAL-LY, adv. By infinitesimals ; by quan 
titles infinitely small. 

IN-FlN'I-TIVE,"a. [L. infinitivus.] In grammar, the infini- 
tive mode expresses the action of the verb, without limi 
tation of person or number ; as, to love. [The word is 
otter, used as a noun to denote this mode.] 

IN-FIN'I-TIVE-LY, adv. In the manner of an infinit've mode. 

IN-FI-NT'IO. [It.] In music, perpetual, as a canon whose 
end leads back to the beginning. 

IN-FIN'I-TUDE, n. 1. Infinity; infiniteness ; the quality or 
state of being without limits ; infinite extent. 2. Immens- 
ity ; greatness. 3. Boundless number. 

[N-FIN'I -TY, n. [Fr.infiniie; h.iufinitas.] 1. Unlimited ex- 
tent of time, space, or quantity ; boundlessness. 2. Im- 
mensity ; indefinite extent. 3. Endless or indefinite num- 
ber. 

IN-FiRM', a. [Fr. infirmc ; L. infirmus.] 1. Not firm or 
sound ; weak, as health or body. 2. Weak of mind. — Shah. 
3. Not solid or stable. South.— Syn. Debilitated j sickly 
feeble ; enfeebled ; irresolute ; imbecile. 

t IN-FiRM', v. t. To weaken.- -Rakish. 



K; 6 as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



INF 



540 



INF 



IN-FtRM'A-RY, n. A hospital or place where the sick are 
lodged and nursed. 

IN-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. infirmatif] Weakening ; disan- 
nulling. 

IN-FiRM'I-TY, n. [Fr. inflrmite ; L. infirmitas.] 1. An un- 
sound or unhealthy state of the body ; weakness ; feeble- 
ness. 2. Weakness of mind ; failing ; fault ; foible. 3. 
Weakness of resolution. 4. Any particular disease ; mal- 
ady. 5. Defect ; imperfection ; weakness. 

IN-FiRM'LY, adv. In an infirm manner. 

IN-FiRM'NESS, n. Weakness ; feebleness ; unsoundness. 

IN-FIX', v. t. [L. infixus.] 1. To fix by piercing or thrusting 
in. 2. To set in ; to fasten in something. 3. To implant 
or fix, as principles in the mind, or ideas in the memory. 

IN-FIX.ED' (in-fiks\f), pp. Thrust in; set in ; inserted ; deep- 
ly implanted. 

IN-FIXING, ppr. Thrusting in ; setting in ; implanting. 

IN-FLaME', v. t. [L. inflammo.] 1. To set on fire ; to kin- 
dle ; to cause to burn. 2. 1 o excite or increase, as pas- 
sion or appetite ; to enkindle into violent action. 3. To 
exaggerate ; to aggravate in description ; [rare.] 4. To 
heat ; to excite excessive action in the blood-vessels. 5. 
To fill with anger or resentment. 6. To increase ; to ex- 
cite to exasperation ; as, to inflame contention. 7. To in- 
crease ; to augment. — Syn. To provoke ; fire ; frritate ; 
exasperate ; incense ; enrage ; anger. 

1N-FLIME', v. i. To grow hot, angry, and painful. 

IN-FL IMSD' (in-flamd'), pp. or a. Set on fire; enkindled; 
heated ; provoked ; exasperated. 

IN-FL aM'ER, n. The person or thing that inflames. 

IN-FL a M'ING, ppr. Kindling; heating; provoking; exas- 
perating. 

IN-FLAM"MA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of readily taking 
fire. 

IN-FLAM'MA-BLE, a. That may be set on fire ; easily en- 
kindled ; susceptible of combustion. 

IN-FLAM'MA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being suscep- 
tible of flame, or capable of taking fire: inflammability. 

IN-FLAM'MA-BLY, adv. In an inflammable manner. 

IN-FLAM-MITION, n. [L. inflammatio.] 1. The act of set- 
ting on fire or inflaming. 2. The state of being in flame. 
— 3. In medicine and surgery, a redness and swelling of 
any part of an animal body, attended with heat, pain, and 
febrile symptoms. 4. Violent excitement ; heat ; animos- 
ity ; turbulence. 

IN-FL AM'MA-TO-RY, a. 1. Inflaming ; tending to excite 
heat or inflammation; as, remedies of an inflammatory 
kind. 2. Accompanied with preternatural heat and ex- 
citement of arterial action, as disease. 3. Tending to ex- 
cite anger, animosity, Uimult, or sedition, as books or pam- 
phlets. 

IN-FLaTE', v. t. [L. inflates.] 1. To swell or distend by in- 
jecting air. 2. To fill with the breath ; to blow in. — Dry- 
den^ 3. To swell; to puff up ; to elate. 

IN "ft ST'FD I a ' * n botany, puffed ; hollow and distended. 

IN-FL XT'ED, pp. or a. Swelled or distended with ah- ; puff- 
ed up. 

IN-FLaT'ING, ppr. Distending with air ; puffing up. 

IN-FL aT'ING-LY, adv. In the way of inflation. 

IN-FLI'TION, n. [L. inflatio.] 1. The act of inflating. 2. 
The state of being distended with air injected or inhaled. 
3. The state of being puffed up, as with vanity. 4. Con- 
ceit. 

JN-FLECT, v. t. [L. inflecto.] 1. To bend ; to turn from a 
direct line or course. — 2. In grammar, to vary a noun or 
a verb in its terminations ; to decline, as a noun or adjec- 
tive, or to conjugate, as a verb. 3. To modulate, as the 
voice. 

IN-FLECT'ED, pp. or a. Bent or turned from a direct line 
or course ; varied in termination. 

IN-FLECT'ING, ppr. Bending or turning from its course ; 
varying in termination ; modulating, as the voice. 

IN-FLPIG'TION, n. [L. inflectio.) 1. The act of bending or 
turning from. a direct line or course. — 2. In optics, a term 
used to denote certain phenomena which light exhibits 
when it passes near the edges of an opaque body, such as 
the formation of colored fringes; also called diffraction. 
Olmsted. — 3. In grammar, the variation of nouns, &c, by 
declension, and of verbs by conjugation. 4. A slide of the 
voice in speaking, either up or down. 

1N-FLE€T"I VE, a. Having the power of bending. 

IN-FLEXED' (in-fieksf), a. [L. inflexus.) Turned ; bent ; 
bent inward. 

IN-FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, \n. 1. The quality of bein 2: inflexi- 

IN-FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, 5 ble or not capable of being bent; 
unyielding stiffness. 2. Obstinacy of will or temper ; 
firmness of purpose that will not yield to importunity or 
persuasion ; unbending pertinacity. 

IN-FL EX'I-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inflexibilis.] 1. That can not be 
bent. 2. That will not yield to prayers or arguments ; 
firm in purpose ; not to be prevailed on ; that can not be 
turned. 3. Not to be changed or altered. — Syn. Unbend- 



ing ; unyielding ; rigid ; inexorable ; pertinacious ; obsti- 
nate ; stubborn ; unrelenting. 

IN-FLEX'I-BLY, adv. With a firmness that resists all im- 
portunity or persuasion ; with unyielding pertinaeious- 
ness ; inexorably. 

IN-FLEX'ION. See Inflection. 

IN-FLI€T, v. t. [L. inflictus.] To lay on ; to throw or send 
on ; to apply, as punishment or disgrace. 

IN-FLI€T'ED, pp. Laid on ; applied, as punishments or 
judgments. 

IN-FLI€T'ER, n. He who lays on or applies. 

IN-FLI€T'ING, ppr. Laying on ; applying. 

IN-FLIC'TION, n. [L. inflictio.] 1. The act of laying on or 
applying. 2. The punishment applied. 

1N-FLI€T~'IVE, a. Tending or able to inflict. 

IN-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. inflorescens.] 1. In botany, a 
mode of flowering, or the manner in which flowers are 
supported on their foot-stalks or peduncles. 2. A flower- 
ing ; the unfolding of blossoms. 

IN'FLU-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. influens.] 1. Literally, a flowing 
in. — 2. In a general sense, influence denotes power whose 
operation is invisible and known only by its effects ; au- 
thority ; sway. — 3. In astrology, the power which celestial 
bodies are supposed to exert on terrestrial. 4. Moral 
power ; power of truth operating on the mind. 5. Phys- 
ical power ; power that affects natural bodies by unseen 
operation. 6. Power acting on sensibility. 7. Spiritual 
power, or the immediate power of God on the mind. 

IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. 1. To move by physical power oper- 
ating by unseen laws or force ; to affect. 2. To move by 
moral power ; to act on and affect, as the mind or will, in 
persuading or dissuading ; to induce. 3. To move, as the 
passions. 4. To lead or direct. 

IN'FLU-ENCED (in'flu-enst), pp. Moved ; excited ; affect- 
ed ; persuaded ; induced. 

IN'FLU-ENC-ING, ppr. Moving; affecting; inducing. 

IN'FLU-ENC-ING, n. Act of inciting, moving, or inducing. 
— Soutliey. 

IN'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing in. — Arbuthnot. [Little used.] 

IN-FLU-EN'TIAL, a. Exerting influence or power by in- 
visible operation. — Milner. 

IN-FLU-EN'TIAL-LY, adv. By means of influence, so as to 
incline, move, or direct. 

IN-FLU-EN'ZA, n. [It. influenza.'] An epidemic catarrh. 

IN'FLUX, n. [L. influxus.] 1. The act of flowing in ; as, an 
influx of light or other fluid. 2. Infusion; intromission. — 
Hale. 3. Influence ; power ; [obs.] 4. A coming in ; in- 
troduction ; importation in abundance. 

IN-FLUX'ION, n. Infusion ; intromission. — Bacon. 

t IN-FLUX'IOUS, a. Influential. 

t IN-FLUX'IVE. a. Having influence, or having a tendency 
to flow in. — Halesworth. 

IN-FLUX'jf VE-LY, adv. In the way of influxion. 

IN-FoLD', v. i. 1. To involve ; to wrap up or inwrap ; to 
inclose. 2. To clasp with the arms ; to embrace. — Shak. 

IN-FoLD'ED, pp. Involved ; inwrapped ; inclosed ; em- 
braced. 

IN-FoLD'ING, ppr. Involving ; wrapping up ; clasping. 

IN-FoLD'MENT, n. Act of infolding ; state of being in- 
folded. _ 

IN-Fo'LI-aTE, v. t. [L. in and folium.] To cover or over- 
spread with leaves. [Not much used.] 

IN-FORM', v. t. [Fr. informer.] 1. To animate ; to give life 
to ; to actuate by vital powers ; as, " inform the breathing 
brass." — Dryden. 2. To communicate knowledge to ; to 
make known to by word or writing. 3. To communicate 
a knowledge of facts to one by way of accusation. — Syn. 
To acquaint ; prize ; tell ; teach ; instruct. 

IN-FORM', v.i. To give intelligence: Shak.' — To inform 
against, to communicate facts by way of accusation. 

t IN-FORM', a. [L. informis.] Without regular form ; shape- 
less ; ugly. 

IN-FORM'AL, a. 1. Not in the regular or usual form. 2. 
Not in the usual manner ; not according to custom. 3. 
Not with the official forms. Shakspeare uses informal in 
the sense of irregular or deranged in mind. 

IN-FOR-MAL'I-TY, n. Want of regular or customary 
form. 

IN-FORM'AL-LY, adv. In an irregular or informal manner ; 
without the usual forms. 

IN-FORM'ANT, n. 1. One who informs or gives intelli- 
gence. 2. One who offers an accusation. — Shak. See In- 
former. 

IN-FORM- a'TION. n. [Fr. ; L. information 1. Intelligence ; 
notice, news, or advice communicated by word or writing. 
2. Knowledge derived from reading or instruction. 3. 
Knowledge derived from the senses or from the operation 
of the intellectual faculties.— South. 4. Communication of 
facts for the purpose of accusation ; a charge or accusa- 
tion exhibited to a magistrate or court. 

IN-FORM' A-TIVE, a. Having power to animate. 

IN-FORMED' (in-formd'), pp. Told ; instructed ; made ac- 
quainted. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c., long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQQK. 



INF 



541 



INli 



tIN-FORM.ED'(in-formd'),a. Ill-formed; misshapen.— Spen- 
ser. 

IN-FORxMSD' STARS. See Unformed. 

IN-FORM'ER n. 1. One who animates, informs, or gives 
intelligence. 2. One who communicates to a magistrate 
a knowledge of the violations of law. — In a bad sense, one 
who gains his livelihood by informing against others, or 
who does it from base or unworthy motives. 

IN-FOR'MI-DA-BLE, a. Not formidable ; not to be feared 
or dreaded. — Milton. 

IN-FORMING, ppr. or a. 1. Giving notice or intelligence ; 
telling. 2. Communicating facta~by way of accusation. — 
An informing officer is one appointed to lay information 
against violations of law. 

IN-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. mfonnis.] Want of regular form ; 
shapelessness. — Brow i. 

tIN-FORM'OUS, a. [Fr informe ; L. informis.] Of no regu- 
lar form or figure ; si ipeless. — Brown. 

IN Fd'RO £ON-SCI-E VTI-M (-she-en'she-e). [L.] Before 
the tribunal of conscif ace. 

LN-FOR'TU-N ATE, a. , Inlucky ; unfortunate. 

t IN-FOR'TU-NATE-LY adv. Unfortunately. 

f IN-FOR'TUNE, n. Mi fortune.— Elyot. 

LN-FRACT', v. t. [L.infi xtus.] To break ; to violate. [Rare.] 
See Infringe. 

IN-FRAC'TION, n. [Fr ; L. infractio.] The act of break- 
ing; breach; violation; non-observance; infringement. 

IN-FRA€T'OR. n. On< who violates an agreement, &c. 

IN-FRa'GRANT, a. Nr t fragrant. 

IN-FRA-LAPS-a'RI-AN, a. Pert ainin g to the Infralapsarians, 
or to their doctrine. 

IN-FRA-LAPS-a'RI-AN, n. [L. infra and lapsus.] The same 
with Sublapsarian, wLich see. 

IN-FRA-MUN'DANE, a. [L. infra and mundanus.] Lying or 
being beneath the world. 

IN-FRAN'Gl-BLE, a. 1. Not to be broken or separated into 
narts. 2. Not to be violated. 

IN-FRA-TER-RI-To'RI-AL, a. Within the territory.— -Story, 
Sup._Court. 

IN-FRe'QUENCE, )n. [L.infrequentia.] Uncommonness ; 

IN-FRe'QUEN-CY, 5 rareness ; the state of rarely occur- 
ring^ 

IN-FRe'QUENT, a. [L. i.tfrequens.] Rare ; uncommon ; 
seldom happening or ocv. urring to notice ; unfrequent. 

IN-FRe'QUENT-LY, adv. Not frequently. 

LN-FRlG'ID-.ITE, v. t. To chill : to make cold. [Rare.] 

LN-FRIg-ID-a'TION, n. Tue act of making cold. 

JN-FRINgE' (in-frinj'), v. t. [L. infriugo] 1. To break, as 
contracts ; to violate ; to transgress ; to neglect to fulfill 
or obey. 2. To destroy or hinder ; [little used.] This 
word is very frequently followed by on or vpon ; as, to 
infringe upon one's rights. 

IN-FRING.ED' (in-frinjd), pp. Broken ; violated ; trans- 
gressed. 

IN-FRINgE'MENT (in-frinj'ment), n. Act of violating.— Syn. 
Breach ; non-fulfillment ; infraction ; violation ; trans- 
gression ; invasion ; intrusion ; trespass ; encroachment. 

IN-FRINg'ER. n. One who violates ; a violator. 

LN-FPJNg'ING, ppr. Breaking ; violating ; transgressing ; 
failing to observe or fulfill. 

IN-FRu'GAL, a. Not frugal ; careless ; extravagant. 

IN-FRU-6IF'ER-OUS, a. Not bearing fruit. 

IN'FU-€aTE, v. t. [L. iufuco.] To stain ; to paint; to daub. 

rN-FtJMjED' (in-fumd'), a. [L. infumatvs.] Dried in smoke. 

IN-FUN-DIB'U-LAR, a. Having the form of a tunnel.— Kirby. 

IN-FUN-DIB'U-LI-FORM, a. [L. infundibulum.] In botany, 
having the shape of a funnel, as the corol of a flower ; 
monopetalous, having an inversely conical border rising 
from a tube. 

IN-Fu'RI-ATE, a. Enraged ; mad ; raging. — Milton. 

IN-FuTJ-aTE, v. t. To render furious or mad ; to enrage. 

[N-Fc'RI-A-TED, pp. or a. Rendered furious or mad. 

AN-FuHI-A-TING, ppr. Rendering furious. 

IN-FUS'€aTE, v. t. [L. infuscatus.] To darken ; to make 
black. 

IN-FUS-€a'TION, n. The act of darkening or blackening. 
fN-FuSE', v. t. [Fr. infuser.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid. 2. 
To instill, as principles or qualities. 3. To pour in or in- 
still, as into the mind. 4. To introduce. 5. To inspire 
with ; [obs.] 6. To steep in liquor without boiling, for the 
purpose of extracting medicinal qualities. 7. To make an 
infusion with an ingredient ; [obs.] 
H.N-FfJSE', n. Infusion. — Spenser. 

IN-FtiS-ED' (in-fuzd'), pp. Poured in ; instilled ; steeped. 
LN-FuS'ER, n. One who infuses. 

IN-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The capability of being infused 
or poured in. 2. The incapability of being fused or dis- 
solved. 
IN-Fu'SI-BLE, a. That may be infused, as principles. 
IN-Fu'SI-BLE, a. Not fusible ; incapable of fusion ; that 

can not be dissolved or melted. 
IH-FCSING, ppr. Pouring in: instilling; steeping. 
IN-FuSION (in-fu'zhun), n. 1. The act of pouring in or in 



D6YE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. Vf'CIOUS.— € asK;GasJ;SasZ 



stilling ; instillation. 2. Suggestion : whisper.— 3 in phar 
macy, the process of steeping in liquor, an operation by 
whfoh the medicinal qualities of plants may lie extracted 
by a liquor without boiling 4. The liquor in which 
plants are steeped, and which is impregnated with their 
virtues or qualities. .5. The act of introducing into vein* 
medicinal substances by a kind of syringe. 

IN-Fu'SlVE, a. Having the power of infusion. 

IN-FU-So'RI-AL, ) a. Pertaining to the infusoria ; composed 

IN-Fu'SO-RY, 5 of or containing infusoria. 

IN-FU-So'RI-A, n. pi. [L.] Microscopic animals inhabiting 
water and liquids of various kinds, and having no organs 
of motion except extremely minute hairs called vibratile 
cilice. Dana. 

IN-FU'SO-RY, n. ; pi. Infusories. A name given to certain 
microscopic animals ; called, also, infusoria, which see. 

ING, in Saxon, signifies a pasture or meadow ; Goth, winga. 
See English. 

t IN-GAN-NI'TION, n. [It. ingannare.] Cheat ; fraud. 

t IN'GaTE, n. Entrance ; passage in. — Spenser. 

IN-GATH'ER-ING, n. The act or business of collecting and 
securing the fruits of the earth ; harvest. 

IN-gEL'A-BLE, a. That can not be congealed. 

IN-gEM'IN-ATE, a. [L. ingeminatus.] Redoubled. 

IN-gEM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. insremino.] To double or repeat 

IN-gEM'IN-a-TED, pp. Doubled. 

IN-gEMTN-a-TING, ppr. Doubling. 

IN-gEM-IN-a'TION, n. Repetition ; reduplication. 

t IN-gEN'DER, v. i. To come together ; to join.— Milton. 

IN-gEN'DER. See Engender. 

IN-GEN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY. n. Incapacity of being engendered. 

IN-GEN'ER-A-BLE. a. That can not be engendered. 

IN-gEN'ER-aTE. v. t. [L. ingenero.] To generate or pro 
duce within. — Fellows. 

IN-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Generated within ; inborn ; innate ; 
inbred. — Wotton. 

IN-gEN'ER-a-TED, pp. Produced within.— Bide. 

IN-gEN'EB.-a-TING, ppr. Generating or producing within. 

* IN-geN'IOUS, a. [L. ingeniosus.] 1. Possessed of genius, 

or the faculty of invention ; hence, skillful or prompt to 
invent ; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new 
combinations of ideas. 2. Proceeding from genius or in- 
genuity ; of curious design, structure, or mechanism. 3. 
Witty; well formed ; well adapted: as, an ingenious an- 
swer. 4. Mental ; intellectual ; [obs.] [This word has 
sometimes been confounded with ingenuous.] 

* IN-geN'IOUS-LY, adv. With ingenuity ; with readiness ia 

contrivance : with skill. 

* IN-GEN'IOUS-NESS, ii. 1. The quality of being ingenioiia 

or prompt in invention ; ingenuity. 2. Curiousness oi 
design or mechanism. 

IN-gEN'iTE, a. [L. ingenitus.] Innate ; inborn ; inbred ; 
native ; ingenerate. 

FN-GE-Nfj'l-TY, n. [Fr. ingenuite.] 1. The quality or power 
of ready invention ; quickness or acuteness in combining 
ideas, or in forming new combinations ; ingeniousness ; 
skill. 2. Curiousness in design, the effect of ingenuity. 3 
Openness of heart : fairness; candor; [obs.] 

IN-GEN'U-OUS, a. [L. ingenuus.] 1. Free from reserve, 
disguise, equivocation, or dissimulation. 2. Becoming an 
honorable mind ; as, ingenuous warmth. 3. OfhoTiorable 
extraction ; freeborn. — Syn. Open ; frank : unreserved ; 
artless ; plain ; sincere ; candid ; fair ; noble ; generous. 

IN-GEN'U-OUS-LY, adv. Openly ; fairly ; candidly ; with- 
out reserve or dissimulation. — Dryden. 

IN-GEN'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Openness of heart; frankness: 
fairness ; freedom from reserve or dissimulation. 2. Fair 
ness ; candidness. 

tIN'GE-NY, n. Wit: ingenuity.— Bacon. 

IN-GEST, v. t. [L. ingestus.] To throw into the stomach. 
Brown. [Little used.] 

IN-GESTION, n. The action of throwing into the stomach. 

IN"GLE, n. [qu. L. igniculus.] 1. Flame: blaze. — Ray ; 
[obs.] — 2. In Scottish, a fire or fire-place. — Burns. 3. A term 
of endearment; a darling; a paramour. — Toone; [obs.] 

IN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [L. inglorius.] 1. Not glorious ; not 
bringing honor or glory ; not accompanied with fame or 
celebrity. 2. Shameful; disgraceful. 

IN-GLo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With want of glory ; dishonora- 
bly : with shame. 

IN-GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being inglorious.— Bp. 
Gauden.. 

IN'GOT, n. [Fr. lingot.] A mass or wedge of gold, silver, 
or other metal, cast into a mold ; a mass of unwrought 
metal. 

IN-GRaFT, v. t. 1. To insert a cion of one tree or plant 
into another for propagation. 2. To propagate by insition. 
3. To plant or introduce something foreign into that which 
is native, for the purpose of propagation. 4. To set or fix 
deep and firm. — Shak. 

IN-GRXFT'ED, pp. or a. Inserted into a stock for growth 
and propagation ; introduced into a native stock ; set or 
fixed deep. 

"" CH as SH;~TH as "in efe*& t Obsolete ~ 



INH 



542 



INH 



LN-GRaFT'ER, n. A person who ingrafts. 

IN-GRAFTING, ppr. Inserting, as cions in stocks ; intro- 
ducing and inserting on a native stock what is foreign ; 
fixing deep. 

EN-GRAFTMENT, n. 1. The act of ingrafting. 2. The 
thing ingrafted; 

* IN'GRaIN or IN-GRaIN', v t. [in and grain.} 1. To dye 
in the grain, or before manufacture. 2. To work into the 
natural texture ; thoroughly to impregnate. 

♦IN'GRa1N£D or IN-GRaIN£D' (in-grand'), pp. or a. 1. 
Dyed in the grain or in the raw material. 2. Wrought 
into the natural texture ; thoroughly impregnated. 

•IN'GRaINING or IN-GRaIN'ING, ppr. 1. Dyeing in the 
raw material. 2. Working in, or thoroughly impregnating. 

IN-GRAPTL.ED, a. Grappled; seized on; intwined. 

IN'GRITE, \a. [L. ingratus.] 1. Ungrateful; un- 

IN-GRaTE'FUL, 5 thankful ■ not having feelings of kind- 
nessj'or a favor received. 2. Unpleasing to the sense. 

IN'GRXTE, n. [Fr. ingrat.) An ungrateful person. 

IN-GRaTE'FUL-LY, adv. Ungratefully. 

IN-GRaTETUL-NESS, n. Ungratefulness. 

IN-GRa'TIaTE (in-gra'shate), v. t. [L. in and gratia.] 1. To 
commend one's self to another's good will, confidence, or 
kindness. 2. To recommend ; to render easy, as difficulty. 
— Hammond. 

IN-GRa'TIa-TED, pp. Commended one's self to another's 
favor. 

IN-GRa'TIa-TING, ppr. Commending one's self to the favor 
of another. 

IN-GRa'TIa-TING, n. The act of commending one's self to 
another's favor. 

IN-GRAT'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; in and gratitude.) 1. Want of 
gratitude or sentiments of kindness for favors received ; 
insensibility to favors, and want of a disposition to repay 
them; unthankfulness ; ungratefulness. 2. Retribution of 
evil for good. 

UN-GRaVE',j>. t. To bury. See, also, Engrave. 

IN-GRAV'I-DaTE, v. t. [h. gravidas.] To impregnate. 

IN-GRAV'I-Da-TED, pp. Impregnated. 

IN-GRAV'I-Da-TING, ppr. Impreanatine:. 

IN-GRAV-I-Da'TION, n. The state of being pregnant. 

t IN-GREaT', v. t. To make great.— Fotkerby. 

IN-GRe'DI-ENT, n. [Fr. ; L. ingrediens.) that which en- 
ters into a compound, or is a component part of any com- 
pound or mixture. 

IN'GRESS, n. [L. ingressus.] 1. Entrance. 2. Power of 
entrance ; means of entering. 

EN-GRES'SION (-gresh'un). n. [Fr. ; L. ingressio.] The act 
of entering ; entrance. — Digby. 

IN"GUIN-AL, a. [L. inguen.) Pertaining to the groin. 

IN-GULF', v. t. 1. To swallow up in a vast deep, gulf, or 
whirlpool. — Milton. 2. To cast into a gulf. — Hayward. 

IN-GULF.ED' (in-gulff), pp. Swallowed up in a gulf or vast 
deep ; cast into a gulf. 

IN-GULFTNG, ppr. Swallowing up in a gulf, whirlpool, or 
vast deep. 

IN-GULF'MENT. n. A swallowing up in a gulf or abyss. 

IN-GUR'gI-TaTE, v. t. [L. ingurgito.) To swallow greed- 
ily or in great quantity. — Diet. 

IN-GUR'gI-TaTE, v. i. To drink largely ; to swill. 

IN-GUR'gI-Ta-TED. pp. Swallowed greedily. 

IN-GUR-Gl-TITION, n. The act of swallowing greedily, or 
in Great quantity. — Darwin. 

IN-GUST'A-BLE, a. That can not be tasted. [Little, nsed.] 

* IN-HAB'lLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inhabilis.] 1. Not apt or fit ; un- 

fit ; not convenient. 2. Unskilled ; unready ; unqualified ; 
[little used.] See Unable. 

IN-HA-BIL'1-TY, n. Unaptness ; unfitness ; want of skill. 
[Little nsed.] See Inability. 

IN-HAB'IT, v. t. [L. inhabito.] To live or dwell in ; to oc- 
cupy as a place cf settled residence. 

IN-HAB'IT, v. i. To dwell ; to live ; to abide. 

IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Habitable ; that may be inhabited ; 
capable of affording habitation to animals. 2. [Fr. inhab- 
itable.] Not habitable.— Shak. ; [obs.] 

IN-HAB'IT-ANCE,ra. Residence of dwellers.— Carew. [Rare.) 

IN-HAB'IT-AN-CY, n. Residence ; habitancy ; permanent 
or legal residence ; domiciliation. 

IN-HAB'IT-ANT, n. 1. A dweller ; one who dwells or re- 
sides permanently in a place, or who has a fixed residence, 
as distinguished from an occasional lodger or visitor. 2. 
One who has a legal settlement in a town, city, or 
parish. 

IN-HAB-IT-A'TION, n. 1. The act of inhabiting, or state of 
being inhabited. 2. Abode ; place of dwelling. 3. Popu- 
lation ; whole mass of inhabitants. [Little used.] 

IN-HAB'IT-A-TIVE-NESS, n. In phrenology, an organ which 
produces the desire of permanence in a place of abode. — 
Bravde. 

IN-HAB'IT-ED, pp. or a. Occupied by inhabitants, human 
or irrational. 

W-HAB'IT-ER, n. One who inhabits ; a dweller ; an in- 
habitant. — 



IN-HAB'IT-ING, ppr. Dwelling in ; occupying as a settled 
or permanent inhabitant ; residing in. 

IN-HAB'IT-RESS, n. A female inhabitant. 

IN-H A-La'TION, n. The act of inhaling. 

IN-HaLE', v. t. [L. inhalo.) To draw into the lungs ; to in- 
spire. 

IN-HA.L.ED' (in-hald'), pp. Drawn into the lungs. 

IN-HaL'ER, n. 1. One who inhales. — 2. In medicine, an ap 
paratus for breathing or drawing warm steam, or some 
aeriform substance, into the lungs, as a remedy for coughs 
and catarrhal complaints. 

IN-HaL'ING, ppr. Drawing into the lungs ; breathing. 

INillSoN'lt-AL,} - Unharmonious; discordant. 

IN-HXR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not harmonious ; unmusical; dis- 
cordant. — Broome. 

IN-HaR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. Without harmony ; discord- 
antly. 

IN-HaR'MO-N Y, n. Want of harmony ; discord. 

IN-HELD',^. Contained in itself. 

IN-HeR-E', v. i. [L. inhcereo.) To exist or be fixed in some- 
thing else. 

IN-HkR'ENCE, }n. Existence in something ; a fixed state 

IN-HkR'EN-CY, J of being in another body or substance. 

IN-HeR'ENT, a. 1. Existing in something else, so as to be 
inseparable from it. 2. Naturally pertaining to. — Syn. In- 
nate ; inborn ; native ; natural ; inbred ; inwrought. 

IN-HeR'ENT-LY, adv. By inherence.— Bentley. 

IN-HER'ING, ppr. Existing or fixed in something else. 

IN-HER'IT, v. t. [Sp. heredar ; Fr. heriter.) 1. To take by 
descent from an ancestor ; to take by succession ; to re- 
ceive, as a right or title descendible by law from an an- 
cestor. 2. To receive by nature from a progenitor. 3. 
To possess; as, "the world and all it doth inherit;" "to 
inherit of a thought of ill concerning some one." — Sliak. ; 
[obs.] 4. To enjoy ; to take as a possession, by gift. 

IN-HER'IT, v. i. To take or have possession or property. 

IN-HER-IT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inheritable 
or descendible to heirs. — Jefferson. 

IN-HER'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inherited ; trans- 
missible or descendible from the ancestor to the heir. 2. 
That may be transmitted from the parent to the child. 3. 
Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by de 
scent. 

IN-HER'IT-A-BLY, adv. By inheritance.— Slierwood. 

IN-HER'IT-ANCE, n. 1. An estate derived from an ances- 
tor to an heir by succession. 2. The reception of an es- 
tate by hereditary right, or the descent by which an estate 
ci* title is cast on the heir. 3. The estate or possession 
which may descend to an heir, though it has not descend- 
ed. 4. An estate given or possessed by donation or divine 
appropriation. 5. That which is possessed or enjoyed ; 
possession. — Shah. 

IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. or a. Received by descent from an an- 
cestor ; possessed. 

IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Taking by succession or right of rep- 
resentation ; receiving from ancestors ; possessing. 

IN-HER'IT-OR, n. An heir ; one wh'j inherits or may in- 
herit. 

IN-HER'IT-RESS, \ n. An heiress ; a female who inherits, 

IN-HER'IT-RIX, 5 or is entitled to inherit, after the death 
of her ancestor. 

IN-HERSE' (in-hers'), v. t. [L. in and herse.) To inclose in 
a funeral monument. — Shak. 

IN-He'SION (in-he'zhun), n. [L. inhmsio.) Inherence ; the 
state_ of existing or being fixed in something. 

tIN-Hl-A'TION,??. [L.inhiatio.) A gaping after; eager desire. 

IN-HIB'IT, v. t. [Fr. inhiber ; L. inhibeo.) 1. To restrain, 
to hinder ; to check or repress. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit ; 
to interdict. 

IN-HIB'IT-ED, pp. Restrained; forbid. 

IN-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Restraining ; repressing ; prohibiting. 

IN-HI-Bl"TION (-bish'un), n. [Fr. ; l^inhibitio.) 1. Prohibi 
tion ; restraint ; embargo. — 2. In law, a writ to forbid or 
inhibit a judge from further proceedings in a cause de 
pending before him. 

IN-HTB'IT-O-RY, a. Prohibitory.— Southey. 

IN-HoLD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. inheld. To have inherent ; to 
contain in itself. — Raleigh. [Little used.) 

t IN-HoLD'ER, n. An inhabitant. — Spenser. 

IN-HOOP', v. t. To confine or inclose in any place. 

IN-HOOP£D', pp Confined or inclosed. 

IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not hospitable ; not disposed to 
entertain strangers gratuitously. 2. Affording no conve- 
niences, subsistence, or shelter to strangers.— Dry den. 

IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLY, adv. Unkindly to strangers.— Milton. 

IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE-NESS, \ n. Want of hospitality or kind- 

IN-HOS-PI-TALT-TY, S ness to strangers. 

IN-HO'MAN, a. [Fv.inhumain; L.inhumanvs.] 1. Destitute 
of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a human 
being. 2. Marked with cruelty; as. inhuman treatment 
—Syn. Cruel ; unfeeling ; pitiless ; merciless ; savage ; 
barbarous. 



See Synopsis. A, E, i, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



INJ 



543 



INL 



IN-HL-MANI-TY, n. [Fr. inkumanite.) 1. Cruelty in dispo- 
sition ; savageness of heart. 2. Cruelty in act ; barbarity. 

IN HirMAN-LY, adv. With cruelty ; barbarously.— Swift. 

IN-HO'MaTE, v. t. To inhume, which see. 

IN-HU-MIT JON, n. The act of burying ; interment. 

IN-HuME', v. t. [Fr. inhumer ; L. inhumo.) To bury ; to in- 
ter j to deposit in the earth, as a dead body. 

IN -HuM ED' (in-humd'), pp. Buried; interred. 

IN-HuM'ING, ppr. Burying; interring. 

IN-IM-Ag'IN-A-BLE, a. Unimaginable ; inconceivable. — 
Pearson. 

* IN-IM'IC-AL, a. [L. inimicus.] 1. Unfriendly ; having the 

disposition or temper of an enemy. 2. Adverse ; hurt- 
ful ; repugnant. — Ward. 

* IN-iM'iC-AL-LY, adv. In a hostile manner. 
IN-IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapable of 

imitation. — Norris. 

IN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inimitabilis.] That can not be 
imitated or copied ; surpassing imitation. 

IN-lAPi-TA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be imitated ; to a 
degree beyond imitation. — Broome. 

IN-IQ.'UI-TOUS (in-ik'we-tus), a. Characterized by iniqui- 
ty. — Syn. Wicked ; unjust ; unrighteous ; nefarious ; crim- 
inal. 

EN-IQ'UI-TOUS-LY, adv. Injuriously ; unjustly ; wrong- 
fully. 

IN-IQ'UI-TY (in-ik'we-te), n. [Fr. iniquite; L. iniquitas.) 1. 
Injustice ; unrighteousness ; a deviation from rectitude. 

2. Want of rectitude in principle. 3. A particular devia- 
tion from rectitude ; a sin or crime ; wickedness ; any 
act of injustice. 4. Original want of holiness. 

t IN-I'QUOUS, a. Unjust. 

IN-IR-RI-TA-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of being inirritable, 
or not susceptible of contraction by excitement. 

IN-IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. Not irritable ; not susceptible of irri- 
tation, or contraction by excitement. 

IN-IR'Pd-TA-TiVE, a. Not accompanied with excitement. 

t IN-ISLE' (in-ile'). v. t. To surround ; to encircle. 

IN-I"TIAL (in-ish'al), a. [Fr. ; L. initialis.] 1. Beginning ; 
placed at the beginning. 2. Beginning ; incipient. 

LN-FTIAL, n. The first letter of a name. 

IN-I"TIAL-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. — Barrow. 

IN-1"TIaTE (in-ish'ate), v. t. [Low L. initio.) 1. To instruct 
in rudiments or principles ; or to introduce into any soci- 
ety or sect by instructing the candidate in its principles or 
ceremonies. 2. To introduce into a new state or society. 

3. To instruct ; to acquaint with. 4. To begin upon. 
IN-I'TIXTE, v. i. To do the first act ; to perform the first 

rite. — Pope. 

EN-i"TIATE, a. 1. Unpracticed. 2. Begun ; commenced. 

IN-f'TIATE, n. One who is initiated.— J. Barlow. 

IN-i'TIa-TED, pp. or a. Instructed in the first principles ; 
entered ; received into a society or sect by appropriate 
ceremonies. 

IN-i"TIa-TING, ppr. Introducing by instruction, or by ap- 
propi-iate ceremonies. 

IN-i"TI-aTION (in-ish-e-a'shun), n. [L. initiation 1. The 
act or process of introducing one into a new society, by 
instructing him in its principles, rules, or ceremonies. 2. 
The act or process of making one acquainted with princi- 
ples before unknown. 3. Admission by application of cer- 
emonies or use of symbols. 

IN-I"TIA-TIVE, a. Serving to initiate. 

IN-I"TIA-TiVE, n. An introductory step or movement. 
The term is applied especially to the action of legislative 
bodies ; as when one of two houses has the right to orig- 
inate any measure, it is said to have the initiative. Such 
is the right of the House of Commons in respect to money 
bills. — Brande. 

IN-I"TIA-TO-RY. a. 1. Introductory ; as, an initiatory step. 
2. Initiating or serving to initiate ; as, initiatory rites. 

IN-i'TIA-TO-RY, n. Introductory rite.— L. Addison. 

\ IN-I"TION (in-ish'un), n. Beginning. — Naunton. 

IN-JECT, v. t. [L. injectus.] 1. To throw in ; to dart in. 2. 
To cast or throw on. 

INJECTED, pp. or a. Thrown in or on. 

IN-JECT'ING, ppr. Throwing in or on. 

IN-JEC'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. ivjectio.) 1. The act of throwing 
in ; particularly applied to the torcible throwing in of a 
liquid or aeriform body by means of a syringe, pump, &c. 
2. A liquid medicine thrown into the body by a syringe or 
pipe , a clyster. — 3. In anatomy, the act of tilling the ves- 
sels of an animal body with some colored substance, in 
order to render visible their figures and ramifications. 

1N-J01N'. See Enjoin. 

IN-JU-CUND'I-TY, n. [L. injucunditas.) Unpleasantness; 
disasn-eeableness. [Little used.] 

IN-JU'DI-CA-BLE, a. Not cognizable by a judge. [Rare.] 

IN-.IU-Dt"CIAL (-dish'al), a. Not according to the forms of 
law. 

IN-JU-Dl' CIOUS (-dish'us), a. 1. Not judicious; void of 
judgment ; acting without judgment. 2. Not according 
to sound judgment or discretion. — Syn. Indiscreet ; in- 



considerate ; incautious ; unwise ; rash hasty ; impru- 
dent, 

IN-JU-Dl"CIOUS-l -Y. adv. Without judgment ; unwisely. 

IN-JU-Dl"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being injudicious 
or unwise. — W hillock. 

IN-JUNC'TION, n. [L. injunctio.] 1. A command ; order , 
mandate ; precept ; the direction of a superior vested with 
authority. 2. Urgent advice or exhortation of persons not 
vested with absolute authority to command. — 3. In law, a 
writ or order of the court of chancery, directed to an in- 
ferior court, or to parties and their counsel, directing 
them to stay proceedings, or to do some act, as to put the 
plainthf in possession for want of the defendant's appear- 
ance, to stay waste or other injury, &c. 

IN'JURE, v. t. [Fr. injure.] 1. To hurt or wound, as the 
person ; to impair soundness. 2. To damage or lessen the 
value of. 3. To slander, tarnish, or impair. 4. To im- 
pair or diminish ; to annoy. 5. To give pain to ; to 
grieve. 6. To impair, as the intellect or mind. 7. To 
hurt or weaken. 8. To impair ; to violate. 9. To make 
worse. — 10. In general, to harm or wrong the person, to 
damage the property, or to lessen the happiness of our- 
selves or others. 

INJURED, pp. or a. Hurt ; wounded ; damaged ; impair- 
ed ; weakened ; made worse. 

IN'JUR-ER, n. One who injures or wrongs. 

IN'JUR-ING, ppr. Hurting ; damaging ; impairing ; weak- 
ening ; rendering worse. 

IN-JU'PJ-OUS, a. [h.injvrius.) 1. Wrongful ; unjust ; hurt- 
ful to the rights of another. 2. Hurtful to the person or 
health. 3. Afi'ecting with damage or loss. 4. Mischie- 
vous ; hurtful. 5. Lessening or tarnishing reptitation. 6. 
Detractory; contumelious; hurting reputation. — 7. In gen- 
eral, whatever is hurtful to person, property, rights, inter- 
est, happiness, is said to be injurious. 

IN-JCRI-OUS-LY, adv. Wrongfully ; hurtfully ; with in- 
justice ; mischievously. 

IN-Ju'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being injurious or 
hurtful ; injury. 

IN'JU-RY, n. [L. injuria.) 1. In general, any wrong or dnm- 
age done to a man's person, rights, reputation, or goods. 
2. Mischief; detriment. 3. Any diminution of that which 
is good, valuable, or advantageous. 

IN-JUSTlCE, n. [Fr. ; L. injustitia,] 1. Iniquity ; wrong ; 
any violation of another's rights. 2. The withholding 
from another merited praise, or ascribing to him unmerit- 
ed blame. 

INK, n. [D.inkt; Fr.encre.] 1. A black liquor or substance 
used for writing or printing. 2. Any liquor used for writ- 
ing or forming letters, as red ink, &c. 3. A pigment. — 
Printing-ink is made from boiled lintseed or nut "oil burn- 
ed and mixed with lampblack, soap, and rosin. — Sympa- 
thetic inks are compounds which, when written with, re- 
main invisible till heated, as solutions of cobalt, <fec. 

INK, v. t. To black or daub with ink. 

INK'-BAG, n. A bag or sac containing a deep black liquid , 
found in certain animals, as in the cuttle-fish. 

INK'-BLURRED, a. Blurred or darkened with ink. 

INK'-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make ink. 

INK'-SToNE, n. A kind of small round stone used in mak- 
ing ink. — En eye. 

INKED (inkt), pp. Covered or daubed with ink. 

INK'HORN, n. [ink and horn.] 1. A small vessel used to 
hold ink. 2. A portable case for the instruments of writ- 
ing. — Johnson. 

t INK'HORN. a. A reproachful epithet, meaning affected, 
pedantic, or pompous. — Bale. 

INK'I-NESS. n. The state or quality of being inky. 

INKTNG, ppr. Covering or daubing with ink. 

INK'LE (ink'l). n. A kind of bread linen tape.— SJiak. 

INK'LING, n. 1. A hint or whisper ; an intimation. 2. In 
clination ; desire. — Grose. 

IN-KNIT' (in-nif), v. t. To knit in.—Southey. 

IN-KNOT (in-nof), v. t. To bind as with a knot.— Fuller. 

INK'STAND, n. A vessel for holding ink. 

INK'Y, a. 1. Consisting of ink ; resembling ink ; black. 2 
Tarnished or blackened with ink. 

IN-LaCE', v. t. To embellish with variegations. 

IN-LaCED' (-liste), pp. Embellished with variegations 

IN-LaCING. ppr. Embellishing with variegations. 

IN-LA-Ga'TION, n. The restitution of an outlawed person 
to the protection of the law. — Bouvier. 

IN-LaID', pp. of inlay, which see. 

IN'LAND, a. 1. Interior ; remote from the sea. 2. Within 
land; remote from the ocean. 3. Carried on within a 
country ; domestic, not foreign, as trade. 4. Confined to 
a country , drawn and payable in the same country ; op- 
posed tojoreigit : as an inland hill of exchange, one drawn 
on a person living in the same country. 

IN'LAND, u. The interior part of a country. — Milton. 

IN'LAND-EK, v. One who lives in the interior of a coun- 
try, or at a distance from the sea. — Brown. 

t IN'LAND-] SH, a. Denoting something inland ; native. 



D6V P -BULL, UNITE ;— ANGER Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



INN 



544 



INO 



.N-LAP'I-DITE, v. t. To convert into a stony substance ; 
to petrify. — Bacon. [Little vsed.] 

IN-LAW, v. t. To clear of outlawry or attainder. 

IN-L.4W.ED', pp. Cleared of attainder. 

IN-LaY', v. t. ; pret. and pp. inlaid. To diversify cabinet or 
other work by laying in thin slices of fine wood, ivory, 
pearl, mosaic, &c, on some other surface of wood or 
coarser material. 

IN'LaY, n. Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, &c, inlaid. — 
Milton. 

IN-LaY'ER, n. The person who inlays. 

IN-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying in thin slices of wood, &c, on 
another surface. 

IN-La Y'ING, n. The operation of divei sifying or ornament- 
ing work with thin pieces of wood, wory, &c, on a sur- 
face of wood or coarser material. 

IN'LET, n. 1. A passage or opening by which an inclosed 
place may be entered ; place of ingress ; entrance. 2. A 
bay or recess in the shore of the sea or of a lake or large 
river, or between isles. 

IN LIM'I-NE. [L.] At the threshold ; at the beginning or 
outset. 

IN-LIST". See Enlist. 

IN-LIST'MENT. See Enlistment. 

IN-LOGK', v. t. To lock or inclose one thing within another. 

IN-LOCKED' (-lokt'), pp. Locked or inclosed within an- 
other thins. 

IN L O'-eO. [ L . ] In the place . 

IN'LY, a. [hi and like.] ' Internal ; interior ; secret. — Shak. 

IN'LY, adv. Internally ; within ; in the heart ; secretly. — 
Milton. 

IN'MaTE, n. [in or inn, and mate.] 1 . A person who lodges 
or dwells in the same house with another. 2. A lodger ; 
one who lives with a family. 

IN'MaTE, a. Admitted as a dweller. — Milton. 

IN ME' DP AS RES. [L.] Into the midst of things. 

IN'MoST, a. [in and most.] Deepest within ; remotest from 
the surface or external part. — Addison. 

INN, n. [Sax. inn.] 1. A house for the lodging and enter- 
tainment of travelers ; often a tavern, where liquors are 
furnished to travelers or others. — 2. In England, a college 
of municipal or common law professors and students ; 
the word inn having formerly been used for lodging-house 
or dwelling, and also for the town residence of a noble- 
man. Thus, Gray's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, &.c, were once 
the town residences of the noble families whose names 
they bear. Toone. — Inns of court, colleges in which stu- 
dents of law reside and are instructed. The principal are 
the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and 
Gray's Inn. — Inns of chancery, colleges in which young 
students formerly began their law studies. 

INN, v. i. To take up lodging ; to lodge. — Donne. 

INN, v. t. To house ; to put under cover. — Bacon. 

INN'HoLD-ER, n. [inn and hold.] 1. A person who keeps 
an inn or house for the entertainment of travelers ; also, 
a taverner. 2. An inhabitant. — Spenser ■ [obs.] 

INN'KEEP-ER, n. [inn and keep.] An innholder. — In Amer- 
ica, the innkeeper is often a tavern-keeper or taverner, as 
well as an innkeeper. 

IN'NaTE or IN-NITE', a. [L. innatus.] Inborn ; natural ; 
native. Encyc. — Innate ideas are ideas or notions sup- 
posed by some to be impressed on the mind from the 
commencement of existence. 

t LN'Na-TED, for innate. 

INTCaTE-LY or LN-NaTE'LY, adv. Naturally. 

[NTSfATE-NESS or IN-NITE'NESS, n. The quality of being 
innate. 

IN-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. innavigabilis.] That can not be 
navigated ; impassable by ships or vessels. — Dry den. 

IN-NAV'I-GA-BLY, adv. So as not to be navigable. 

IN'NER, a. [from in.] 1. Interior; further inward than 
something else. 2. Interior ; internal : not outward. 

t IN'NER-LY, adv. More within.— Barret. 

IN'NER-MoST, a. Furthest inward ; most remote from the 
outward part. — Prov., xviii. 

IN-NERV-a'TION, n. [in, neg., and nerve] 1. A state of 
weakness. — Hall. 2. Act of strengthening. 

IN-NERVE', v. t. [in and nerve.] To give nerve to ; to in- 
vigorate ; to strengthen. — Dwight. 

IN-NERVED', pp. Invigorated. 

IN-NERVING, ppr. Strengthening. 

INNING, n. 1. The ingathering of grain. 2. A term in 
cricket, the turn for using the bat. 

INNINGS, n. pi. Lands recovered from the sea. 

IN'NO-CENCE, ? n. [Fr. ; L. innocentia.] 1. Properly, free- 

IN'NO-CEN-CY, J dom from any quality that can injure ; 
innoxiousness ; harmlessness. — 2. In a moral sense, free- 
dom from crime, sin, or guilt ; untainted purity of heart 
and life ; unimpaired integrity. 3. Freedom from guilt 
or evil intentions ; simplicity of heart. 4. Freedom from 
the guilt of a particular sin or crime. 5. The state of 
being lawfully conveyed to a belligerent, or of not being 
contraband. 



IN'NO-CENT, a. [Fr. ; L. innocens.] 1. Properly, n( t nox 
ious ; not producing injury ; free from qualities that car 
injure. 2. Free from guilt ; not having done wrong 01 
violated any law ; not tainted with sin. 3. Free from the 
guilt of a particular crime or evil action. 4. Lawful; 
permitted. 5. Not contraband ; not subject to forfeiture. 
6. Ignorant; imbecile; idiotic; [obs.]- — Syn. Harmless; 
innoxious ; inoffensive ; guiltless ; spotless ; immaculate , 
pure ; unblamable ; blameless ; faultless ; guileless ; up 
right. 

IN'NO-CENT, n, 1. One free from guilt or harm.— Shak 
2. An ignorant person ; hence, a natural ; an idiot. — Hook 
er ; [unusual.] 

IN'NO-CENT-LY, adv. 1. Without harm; without incur- 
ring guilt. 2. With simplicity ; without evil design. 3. 
Without incurring a forfeiture or penalty. 

IN-NOC'U-OUS, a. [L. innocuus.] Harmless ; safe ; pro* 
during no ill effect ; innocent. 

IN-NOG 7 U-OUS-LY, adv. Without harm; without injurious 

LN-NOG'U-OUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness; the quality of be- 
ins; destitute of mischievous qualities or effects. — Digby. 

IN-NOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Not to be named.— Chaucer. 

IN-NOM'IN-ATE, a. Having no name ; anonymous. 

IN'NO-VaTE, v. t. [Fr. innover; L. innovo.] 1. To change 
or alter by introducing something new. 2. To bring in 
something new. 

IN'NO-VaTE, v. i. To introduce novelties ; to make changes 
in any thing established. 

IN'NO-Va-TED, pp. Changed by the introduction of some- 
thing new. 

IN'NO-Va-TING, ppr. Introducing novelties. 

IN-NO-Va'TION, n. Change made by the introduction of 
something new ; change in established laws, customs, 
rites, or practices. 

IN'NO-Va-TOR, n. 1. An introducer of changes. 2. One 
who introduces something new. — South. 

IN-NOX'IOUS, a. [L. innoxius.] 1. Free from mischievous 
qualities ; innocent ; harmless. 2. Not producing evil ; 
harmless in effects. 3. Free from crime ; pure ; inno- 
cent. — Pope. 

IN-NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. 1. Harmlessly ; without mischief. 
2. Without harm suffered. — Brown. 

IN-NOX'IOUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness.— Tooke. 

IN-NU-EN'DO, n. [L. innuo.] 1. An oblique hint ; a remote 
intimation or reference to a person or thing not nr.med. — 
2. In law, a word used to point out the application of some 
injurious remark to the person aimed at. 

IN'NU-ENT, a. [L innuens.] Significant. — Burton. 

IN-NU-MER-A-BIL'I-TY, ? n. State of being innumerable. 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE-NES8, 5 —Fotherby. 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. innumerabilis.] 1. Not to be 
counted ; that can not be enumerated or numbered for 
multitude. — 2. In a loose sense, very numerous. — Syn 
Countless ; numberless ; unnumbered. 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLY, adv. Without number. 

IN-Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L. innumerus.] Too many to be count' 
ed or numbered ; innumerable^ — Pope. 

IN-NU-TRl"TION (-trish'un), n. [in and nutrition.] Want 
of nutrition ; failure of nourishment. — Darwin. 

IN-NU-TRl"TIOUS (-trish'us), a. Not nutritious ; not sup- 
plying nourishment ; not nourishing. — Darwin. 

IN-Nu'TRI-TlVE, a. Not nourishing.— Good. 

IN-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. Disobedience; neglect of obedience. 

IN-O-BE'DI-ENT, a. Not yielding obedience. 

IN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. That can not be seen or observed. 

IN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observance ; neglect of 
observing ; disobedience. — Bacon. — Barrow. 

IN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. Not taking notice.— Beddoes. 

IN-OB-SER-VI'TION, n. Neglect or want of observation 

IN-OB-TRu'SIVE, a. Not obtrusive.— Coleridge. 

IN-OB-TRO'SlVE-LY, adv. Unobtrusively. 

IN-OB-TRU'SIVE-NESS, n. A quality of being not ob- 
trusive. 

IN-0€-€U-Pa'TION, n. Want of occupation.— C. B. Brown. 

IN-OC'U-LA-BLE, a. 1. That may be inoculated. 2. That 
may communicate disease by inoculation. — Hall. 

IN-OCU-LaTE, v. t. [L. inoculo.] 1. To bud ; to insert the 
bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant, for the pur- 
pose of growth on the new stock. 2. To communicate a 
disease to a person by inserting infectious matter in hid 
skin or flesh ; as, to inoculate one with the small-pox. 

IN-OCtl-LITE, v. i. To propagate by budding ; to practice 
inoculation. 

IN-OC'U-La-TED,^. or a. 1. Budded. 2. Inserted in an- 
other stock, as a bud. 3. Infected by inoculation with a 
particular disease. 

IN-OC'*J-LA-TING,pp\ 1. Budding; propagating by insert- 
ing a bud on another stock. 2. Infecting by inoculation. 

IN-OC-U-La'TION, n. [L. inoculatio.] 1. The act or prac 
tice of inserting buds of one plant under the bark of an- 
other for propagation. 2. The act or practice of commu- 
nicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting con- 



■ See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— F \R, FALL, WHAT —PREY ;— MARINE BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



jhsq 



545 



INS 



tagious matter iu his skin or flesh ; used chiefly of the 
small-pox. 

fN-OG'U-LA.-TOl!, iu A person who inoculates ; one who 
propagates plants or diseases by inoculation. 

I IN-o'DI-aTE, v. t. To make hateful.— South. 

IN-o'DOR-ATE, a. Having no scent or odor. 

IN-oTJOR-OUS, a. [L. inodorus.] Wanting scent ; having 
no smell. — Arbuthnot. 

IN-OF-FENS'iVE, a. 1. Giving no offense or provocation ; 
unoffending. 2. Giving no uneasiness or disturbance. 3. 
Harmless ; doing no injury or mischief. 4. Not obstruct- 
ing ; presenting no hinderance. — Milton ; [rare.] 

tN-OF-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. Without giving offense ; with- 
out harm ; in a manner not to offend. 

IN-OF-FENS'lVE-NESS, n. Harmlessness ; the quality of 
being not offensive either to the senses or to the mind. 

rN-OF-Fl"ClAL (-tish'al), a. Not official; not proceeding 
from the proper officer ; not clothed with the usual forms 
of authority, or not done in an official character. 

[N-OF-Fl"CIAL-LY, adv. Without the usual forms, or not 
in the official character. 

lN-OF-Fl"CIOUS (-fish'us), a. 1. Unkind ; regardless of nat- 
ural obligation ; contrary to natural duty. 2. Unfit for an 
office. 3. Not civil or attentive. 

IN-OF-Fl"Cl_OUS-LY, adv. Not civilly or officiously. 

\ IN-OP-ER-A'TION, 7i. Agency; influence; production of 
effects.— Bp.Hall. 

[N-OP'ER-A-TlVE, a. Not operative ; not active ; having 
no operation ; producing no effect. 

f IN-OPTN-ATE, a. [L. inopinatus.] Unexpected. 

IN-OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. inopportitnus.] Not opportune ; 
inconvenient ; unseasonable in time. 

[N-OP-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. Unseasonably ; at an inconve- 
nient time. 

IN-OP-PRESS'iVE. a. Not oppressive ; not burdensome. 

IN-OP'U-LENT, a. Not opulent ; not wealthy. 

tN-OR'DIN-A-CY, n. Deviation from order or rule pre- 
scribed ; irregularity ; disorder ; excess, or want of mod- 
eration. 

IN-ORDIN-ATE, a. [L. inordinatus.} Irregular; disorderly; 
excessive ; immoderate ; not limited to rules prescribed, 
or to usual bounds. — Inordinate proportion, in mathematics, 
a proportion in which the order of the terms is not regu- 
lar. — Barlow. 

IN-OR'DIN-ATE-LY, adv. Irregularly; excessively; immod- 
erately. — Skelton . 

IN-ORDIN-ATE-NESS, n. Deviation from order ; excess ; 
want of moderation ; inordinacy. 

I N-OR-DIN-a'TION, n. Irregularity; deviation from rule 
or right. — South. 

IN-OR-GANTS, ? a. Devoid of organs ; not formed with 

[N-OR-GANTG-AL, j the organs or instruments of life ; in- 
organized. 

rN-OR-GANTG-AL-LY, adv. Without organs. 

fN-OR'GAN-lZ^D, a. Not having organic structure ; void 
of organs, as earths, metals, and other minerals. 

IN-OS'€U-LaTE, v. i. [L. in and osculatus.] In anatomy, to 
unite by apposition or contact ; to unite, as two vessels at 
their extremities. 

FN-OS'GU-LaTE, v. t. To unite, as two vessels in an animal 
body. 

IN-OS'€U-La-TING, ppr. Uniting, as the extremities of two 
vessels. 

[N-OS-GU-L a'TION, n. The union of two vessels of an ani- 
mal body by an opening between them ; anastomosis. 

IN O'VO. [L.] In the egg; in infancy. 

IN PER-PET'U-AM RE'I ME-M6'RI-AM. [L.] Foraper- 
petual memorial of the affair. 

IN PER-PET'U-UM. [L.] To perpetuity ; forever. 

IN PET'TO. [It. in the breast ; L. inpectore.] In secret ; in 
reserve. 

IN POS'SE. [L.] In possibility of being. 

IN PRO'PRI-A PER-SO'NA. [L.] In one's own per- 
son. 

IN'QUEST, n. [Fr. enquete.] 1. Inquisition ; judicial inqui- 
ry : official examination. 2. A jury ; particularly, a coro- 
ner's jury for investigating the cause of a sudden death. 
3. Inquiry ; search. — South. 
IN-QUl'ET, v. t. To disturb ; to trouble. 

1 IN-QUl-ET-ITION, n. Disturbance. 

!N-QUl'ET-UDE, n. [Fr. ; L. inquietudo.] Disturbed state ; 
want of quiet ; restlessness ; uneasiness, either of body or 
mind ; disquietude. 

WQUI-NaTE, v. t. [L. inquino.] To defile ; to pollute ; to 
contaminate. — Broion. \ Little used.} 

IN-QUI-Nl'TION, n. The act of defiling, or state of being 
defiled ; pollution ; corruption. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

rN-QUTR'A-BLE, a. That may be inquired into ; siibject to 
inquisition or inquest. — Bacon. 

(N-QUlRE', v. i. [Fr. enquerir ; Sp. inquirir; L. inquiro.] 1. 
To ask a question ; to seek for truth or information by 
asking questions. 2. To seek for truth by argument or 
the discussion of questions, or by investigation. — To in- 

" ""IWET— BULLVuNTTE;— AN" ,; GER7vi''CldUS~^-€ as 
Mar 



quire into, to make examination ; to seek for particular Hi 
formation. 

IN-QUlRE', v. t. 1. To ask about ; to seek by asking. 2. To 
call or name. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

IN-QUIR.ED', pp. Asked about ; sought by asking. 

IN-QUlR'ENT, a. Making inquiry.— Shcnstone. 

IN-QUlR'ER, n. One who asks a question ; one who inter- 
rogates ; one who searches or examines ; one who seeks 
for knowledge or information. 

IN-QUlRING, ppr. Seeking for information by asking ques 
tions ; asking ; questioning ; interrogating ; examining. 

IN-QUIRTNG, a. Given to inquiry ; disposed to investigatr 
causes ; as, an inquiring mind. 

IN-QUlR'ING.LY, adv. By way of inquiry. 

IN-QUl'RY, n. [Norm, enquerre.] 1. The act of inquiring , 
a seeking for information by asking questions. 2. Search 
for truth, information, or knowledge ; examination into 
facts or principles. — Syn. Interrogation ; interrogatory , 
question ; query ; scrutiny ; investigation ; research. 

IN-QUI-Sl"TION (in-kwe-zish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. inquisitio.] 1. 
Inquiry; examination; a searching or search. 2. Judicial 
inquiry ; official examination ; inquest. 3. Examination ; 
discussion. — Bacon. 4. In some Roman Catholic countries, 
a court or tribunal established for the examination and 
punishment of heretics. 

IN-QUI-Sl"TION-AL, a. Making inquiry ; busy in inquiry. 

IN-QUI-SI"TION-A-RY, a. Inquisitional. 

IN-QJJIS'I-TlVE, a. 1. Apt to ask questions ; addicted to 
inquiry ; inclined to seek information by questions. 2. In- 
clined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation, or 
observation ; given to research. — Syn. Inquiring ; prying ; 
curious. 

IN-QUIS'I-TIVE, n. A person who is inquisitive ; one curi- 
ous in research. — Temple. 

IN-QUIS'I-Tf VE-LY, adv. With curiosity to obtain informa- 
tion ; with scrutiny. 

IN-QUIS'I-TlVE-NESS, n. The disposition to obtain infor- 
mation ; curiosity to learn what is not known. 

IN-QUISTTOR, n. [L.] 1. One who inquires ; particularly, 
one whose official duty it is to inquire and examine. 2. A 
member of the court of inquisition. 

IN-QUIS-I-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to inquisition. 2. Per 
taining to the court of inquisition, or resembling its prac 

IN-Quis-I-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of an in- 

quisitor. 
t IN-QUIS-I-To'RI-OUS, a. Making strict inquiry.— Milton 
IN-RaIL', v. t. To rail in ; to inclose with rails.— Gay. 
IN-Ra.IL.ED' (in-raW), pp. Inclosed with rails. 
IN-RaILTNG, ppr. Inclosing with rails. 
IN-REG1S-TER v. t. [Fr. enregistrer.] To register ; to re- - 

cord ; to enter in a register. — Walsh. 
INROAD, n. 1. The entrance of an enemy into a country 

with purposes of hostility ; a sudden or desultory irrup 

tion, incursion, or invasion. 2. Attack ; encroachment 
IN-SaFE'TY, n. Want of safety.— Naunton. [El] 
IN-SA-LU'BRI-OUS, a. Not salubrious ; not healthful ; un< . 

favorable to health ; unwholesome. 
IN-SA-Lu'BRI-TY, n. Want of salubrity ; unhealthfulness ; . 

unwholesomeness. 
IN-S AL'U-TA-RY, a. 1. Not salutary ; not favorable to health 

or soundness. 2. Not tending to safety ; productive of 

eviL 

mllU^lL^iSs, ] n - state of bein » * curable - 

IN-SAN'A-BLE, a. [I,, insanabilis.] Incurable ; that can not 

be healed. — Johnson. 
IN-SAN'A-BLY, adv. So as to be incurable. 
IN-SINE', a. [L. insanus.} 1. Unsound in mind or intellect ; 

mad ; deranged in mind ; delirious ; distracted. 2. Used 

by or appropriated to insane persons, as an asylum. 3. 

Making mad ; causing madness ; as, the insane root- 

Shak. ; [obs.] 
IN-SaNE', n. An insane person. 

IN-SINE'LY, adv. Madly ; foolishly ; without reason. 
IN-SAN'I-TY, ) n. The state of being unsouud in mind 
IN-SaNE'NESS, ) derangement of intellect. — Syn. Mad- 
ness ; craziness ; mania ; delirium ; lunacy, 
t IN-SAP'O-RY, a. Tasteless : wanting flavo* 
IN-Sa'TIA-BLE (in-sa'sha-bl), a. [Fr. ; L. intatiooilis.] In 

capable of being satisfied or appeased ; very greedy. 
IN-Sa'TIA-BLE-NESS, \ n. Greediness of appetite that can 
IN-Sa-TIA-BIL'I-TY, 5 not be satisfied or appeased. 
IN-Sa'TIA-BLY (in-sa'sha-bly), adv. With greediness not to 

be satisfied. — South. 
IN-Sa'TIATE (in-sa'shate), a. [L. insatiatus.] Not to be sat 

isfied ; insatiable.— Phillips. 
IN-Sa'TIATE-LY, adv. So greedily as not to be satisfied. 
IN-SA-Tl'E-TY, n. Insatiableness. — Granger. 
IN-SAT-IS-FA€'TION, n. Want of satisfaction.— Bacon. 
IN-SAT"U-PvA-BLE, a. [L. insaturabilis.} Not to be Bfeieiro 

ted,_filled, or glutted. — Johnson. 
IN'SCI-ENCE, n. Ignorance ; want of knowledge. 
k7 <Tas ~j7s~as~ Z -~CH ag SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



INS 



546 



INS 



IN-S€RIBE', v. t. [L. inscribo.] 1. To write on ; to engrave 
on for perpetuity or duration ; as, to inscribe an epitaph 
on a tomb. 2. To imprint on ; as, to inscribe a lesson on 
the memory. 3. To assign or address to ; to commend to 
by a short address ; as, to inscribe a book to a friend. 4. 
To mark with letters, characters, or words ; as, to inscribe 
a tomb with a name. 5. To draw a figure within another ; 
as, to inscribe a square in a circle. 

lN-S€RlBA-BLE, a. That may be inscribed. 

IN-SCRlBA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being inscribable. 

IN-SC1UB.ED' (in-skribd'), pp. Written on ; engraved ; mark- 
ed ; addressed ; drawn within. 

[N-S€RiB'ER, n. One who inscribes. — Pownall. 

iN-S€RlBTNG, ppr. Writing on ; engraving ; marking ; ad- 
dressing ; drawing within. 

[N-SCRIPTION, n. [Fr. ; L. inscription 1. Something writ- 
ten or engraved to communicate knowledge to after ages ; 
any character, word, line, or sentence written or engraved 
on a solid substance for duration. The inscription on a 
medal is usually in a straight line across it, while the le- 
gend is placed in a circle round the rim. 2. A title. 3. An 
address or consignment of a book to a person. 

IN-SCRIPTlVE, a. Bearing inscription. 

IN-SCR5LL', v. t. To write on a scroll. — Shak. 

IN-SCR5LL.ED', pp. Written on a scroll. 

IN-S€RoLL'iNG, ppr. Writing on a scroll. 

IN-S€RU-TA-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality of being inscru- 

IN-S€RO'TA-BLE-NESS, 5 table. 

IN-S€'±tu TA-BLJii, a. [jpr. ; L. inscrutabilis.] 1. Unsearcha- 
ble ; that can not be searched into and understood by in- 
quiry or study. 2. That can not be penetrated, discovered, 
or understood by human reason. 

fN-S-GRu'TA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to be 
found out or understood. 

IN-SCULP', v. t. [L. insculpo.} To engrave, to carve. [Rare.] 

IN-SCULPTION, n. Inscription.— Tollmen;: [Rare.) 

IN-S€ULP'TURE, n. An engraving; sculpture.— Shak. [Lit- 
tle used.] See Sculpture. 

[N-SCULP'TURED, a. Engraved. 

'{N-SkAM', v. t. To impress or mark with a soam or cica- 
trix. — Pope. 

IN-SSAM.ED', pp. Impressed with a seam. 

IN-SeAM'ING, ppr. Marking with a eeam. 

r IN-SeARCH' (in-sercb/), v. t. To make search.— Elyot. 

IN-SECA-BLE, a. [L. insecabilis.) That can not be divided 
by a cutting instrument ; indivisible. 

1N'SE€T, n. [L. insecta.] 1. In zoology, an articulate animal 
with a body composed of three distinct parts, viz., the 
head, corselet or thorax, and abdomen ; having six legs 
and usually two or four wings attached to the thorax, and 
respiring by means of spiracles or minute punctures along 
the sidt;6 of the abdomen. — Dana. 2. Any thing small or 
contemptible. 

IN'SECT, a. Small ; mean ; contemptible. 

IN-SEC-Ta'TOR, n. [L.] A persecutor. [Little used.] 

IN'SE€T-ED, a. Having the nature of an insect. 

IN-SE€T'ILE, a. Having the nature of insects. 

i LN-SE€T'iLE, n. An insect.— Wotton. 

IN-SE-GTION, n. A cutting in ; incisure ; incision. 

IN-SEC-TIV'O-RA, n. pi. [from L.] 1. A family of vertebrate 
quadrupeds living on insects. It includes the shrew and 
mole. — 2. In Temminck's system, an order of birds that feed 
on insects. 

[N-SEC-TIV'O-ROUS, a. [insect, and L. voro.] Feeding or 
subsisting on insects. 

\ IN-SEC-TOL'O-GER, n. One who studies insects ; an en- 
tomologist. 

1N-SE-€uRE', a. 1. Not secure ; not safe ; not confident of 
safety. 2. Not safe ; not effectually guarded or protected ; 
unsafe ; exposed to danger or loss. 

[N-SE-€uRE'LY, adv. Without security or safety. 

IN-SE-€tJ'RI-TY, n. 1. Want of safety, or want of confidence 
in safety. 2. Uncertainty. 3. Want of safety ; danger ; 
hazard ; exposure to destruction or loss. 

IN-SE-€u'TION, n. [L. insecutio.) Pursuit. — Chapman. 

IN-SEMTN-A.TE, v. t. [L. insemino.) To sow ; to impreg- 
nate. [Rare.] 

' fN-SEM-IN-A'TION, n. The act of sowing or impregnating. 
[Little used.] 

. iN-SENS'ATE, a. [Fr. insense.] Destitute of sense ; stupid ; 
foolish ; wanting sensibility. — Milton. 

SN-SENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Want of sensibility, or the power 
of feeling or perceiving ; [applied to material objects.] 2. 
Want of the power to be moved or affected ; want of ten- 
derness or susceptibility of emotion and passion. 3. A 
dull or torpid state. — Syn. Dullness ; numbness ; unfeel- 
ingness ; stupidity ; torpor ; apathy ; indifference. 

IN-SENS'I-BLE, a. [Fr., Sp.. from L. in and sensus.] 1. That 
can not be felt or perceived ; as, an insensible decay. 2. 
Destitute of the power of feeling or perceiving ; wanting 
corporeal sensibility. 3. Not susceptible of einotion or 
passion ; void of feeling ; wanting tenderness. 4. In a 
state of dullness or torpor. 5. Void of sense or meaning. 



Hale. — Syn. Imperceptible ; imperceivable ; dull ; stupio 
torpid ; senseless ; unfeeling ; indifferent ; unsusceptible \ 
hard ; callous. 

IN-SENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Want of sensibility ; insensibili 
ty. [Little used.] 

IN-SENS'I-BLY, adv. 1. Imperceptibly ; in a manner not to 
be felt or perceived by the senses. — Addison. 2. By slow 
degrees ; gradually. 

IN-SEN'TIENT (-sen'shent), a. Not having perception. 

IN-SEPA-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inseparabilis.) That can not 
be separated or disjoined ; not to be parted. 

IN-SEPA-RA-BLE-NESS, f n. The quality of being insepa- 

IN-SEP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, \ rable, or incapable of disjunc- 
tion. [Inseparability is little used.] 

IN-SEPA-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner that prevents separa- 
tion ; with indissoluble union. — Temple. 

t IN-SEPA-RATE, a. Not separate. 

t IN-SEPA-RATE-LY, adv. So as not to be separated. 

IN-SERT', v. t. [Fr. inserer ; L. insero.] Literally, to thrust 
in ; hence, to set in or among. 

IN-SERT'ED, pp. or a. Set in or among. 

IN-SERTING, ppr. Setting in or among. 

IN-SERT'ING, n. 1. A setting in. 2. Something set in, aa 
lace, &c, into garments. 

IN-SER'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. insertio.] 1. The act of setting or 
placing in or among other things. 2. The manner in which 
one part is inserted into, or adheres to, another ; as, the 
insertion of a muscle. 3. The thing inserted. 

t IN-SERVE', v. t. [L. inservio.] To be of use to an end. 

IN-SERV'I-ENT, a. Conducive. 

IN-SES-So'ReS, n.pl. [L.] An order of birds that perch , 
perchers. 

IN-SES-So'RI-AL, a. Perching; an epithet applied to all 
birds that live habitually among trees. Their feet ar*» 
formed for grasping or perching. — Swainson. 

IN-SET', v. t. To infix or implant. — Chaucer. 

IN'SET, n. In language, a note within a note. — Dabney 

IN-SEVER-A-BLE, a. That can not be severed. 

IN-SHaD'ED, a. Marked with different shades. 

IN-SHELL', v. t. To hide in a shell.— Shak. 

IN-SHELL.ED', pp. Hid in a shell. 

IN-SHEL'TER, v. i. To shelter.— Shak. 

IN-SHELTERED, pp. Sheltered. 

IN-SHIP', v. t. To ship ; to embark.— Shak. 

IN-SHoRE', adv. Near the shore. 

IN-SHRlNE'. See Enshrine. 

IN-SI€-€a'TION, n, The act of drying in. 

IN'SlDE, n. [in and side.] The interior part of a thing ; in- 
ternal part; opposed to outside. It is also used as an 
adjective. 

IN-SID'1-aTE, v. t. [L. insidior.] To lie in ambush for. 

IN-SID'I-I-TED, pp. Laid in ambush. 

IN-SID'I-A-TING, ppr. Lying in ambush. 

IN-SID'I-a-TOR, n. One who lies in ambush. — Barrow. 

* IN-SID'1-OUS, a. [L. insidiosus.] 1. Properly, lying in wait, 

hence, watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap ; as, 
an insidious foe. 2. Intended to entrap ; as, insidious at- 
tempts. — Syn. Crafty; wily; artful; sly; designing; guile- 
ful ; circumventive ; treacherous ; deceitful ; deceptive. 

* IN-SID'I-OUS-LY, adv. With intention to insnare ; deceit- 

fully ; treacherously ; with artifice or stratagem. 

* IN-SID'I-OUS-NESS, n. A watching for an opportunity to 

insnare ; deceitfulness ; treachery. — Barrow. 

IN'SlGHT (in'site), n. [in and sight.] Sight or view of the 
interior of any thing ; deep inspection or view ; introspec- 
tion ; thorough knowledge or skill. — Spectator. 

IN-SIG'NI-A, n. pi. [L.] 1. Badges or distinguishing marks 
of office or honor. — Burke. 2. Marks, signs, or visible im- 
pressions, by which any thing is known. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-C ANCE, ? n. 1. Want of significance or mean- 

IN-SIG-NIFI-CAN-CY, J ing. 2. Unimportance ; want of 
force or effect. 3. Want of weight ; meanness. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-CANT, a. 1. Void of signification; destitute 
of meaning, as words. 2. Answering no purpose ; having 
no weight or effect, as arguments or acts. 3. Without 
weight of character, as persons. — Syn. Unimportant ; im- 
material ; inconsiderable ; trivial ; trifling ; mean ; con- 
temptible. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-CANT, n. An insignificant thing. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-CANT-LY, adv. 1. Without meaning, as words 
2. Without importance or effect ; to no purpose. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€A-TlVE, a. Not expressing by external signs. 

IN-SIN-CeRE', a. [L. insincerus.] 1. Not sincere ; not being 
in truth what one appears to be, as persons. 2. Charac- 
terized by insincerity, as words or actions. 3. Not sound 
nor secure, as joys. Dry den. — Syn. Dissembling ; hollow ; 
hypocritical ; deceptive ; deceitful ; false ; disingenuous. 

IN-SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Without sincerity ; hypocritically. 

IN-SIN-CER'I-TY, n. 1. Dissinralation ; want of sincerity 
or of being in reality what one appears to be ; hypocrisy 
2. Deceitfulness ; hollowness. 

IN-SIN-EW /-sin'nu), v. t. To strengthen ; to give vigor to. 

IN-SIN'EWJ?D, pp. Strengthened. 



* See S>wopsis. I. E, I, &c, long, -a, E, I, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



INS 



547 



INS 



■1S-SIN'EW ING, ppr. Giving vigor to. 

!N-SIN'U-ANT, a. [Fr. ; L.insinuans.] Insinuating; having 
the power to gain favor. — Wotton. [Little used.] 

N-SIN'U-aTE, v. t. [Fr. insinuer ; L. insinuo.] 1. To intro- 
duce gently, or into a narrow passage ; to wind in. 2. To 
ingratiate, push, or work one's self into favor ; to intro- 
duce by slow, gentle, or artful means. 3. To hint ; to in- 
timate ; to suggest by remote allusion. 4. To instill ; to in- 
fuse gently ; to introduce artfully. 

N-SIN'U-aTE, v. i. 1. To creep in ; to wind in ; to flow in ; 
to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into crevices. 
2. To gain on the affections by gentle or artful rr eans. 3. 
To wind along. 

N-SINTJ-a-TED, pp. Introduced or conveyed gently, im- 
perceptibly, or by winding into crevices ; hinted. 

N-SIN'U-a-TING, ppr. 1. Creeping or winding in ; flowing 
in ; gaining on gently ; hinting. 2. a. Tending to enter 
gently ; insensiblv winning favor and confidence. 

[N-SIN'U-A-TING-LY, adv. In a way of insinuation. 

IN-SIN-U-A'TION, re. [Fr. ; L. insinuation 1. The act of in- 
sinuating ; a creeping or winding in ; a flowing into crev- 
ices. 2. The act of gaining on favor or affections, by gen- 
tle or artful means. 3. The ait or power of pleasing and 
stealing on the affections. 4. A hint ; a suggestion or inti- 
mation by distant allusion. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TlVE, a. Stealing on the affections.— Bacon. 

LN-SINU-a-TOR, re. One who insinuates ; one who hints. 

IN-SIPTD, a. [Fr. insipide; L. insipidus.] 1. Destitute of 
taste ; wanting the qualities which affect the organs of 
taste. 2. Wanting spirit, life, or animation ; wanting pa- 
thos, or the power of exciting emotions. 3. Wanting 
power to gratify desire. — Syn. Tasteless ; vapid ; dull ; 
heavy ; stupid ; spiritless ; unanimated ; lifeless ; flat. 

[N-SI-PIDT-TY, 1 re. [Fr. insipidite.] 1. Want of taste, or 

IN-SIP'ID-NESS, 5 the power of exciting sensation in the 
tongue. 2. Want of life or spirit. 

IN-SIPTD-LY, adv. Without taste ; without spirit or life ; 
without enjoyment. — Locke. 

IN-SIP1-ENCE, n. [L. insipientia.] Want of wisdom ; folly ; 
foolishness ; want of understanding. 

IN-SIST, v. i. [Fr. insisler ; L. insisto.] 1. Literally, to stand 
or rest on ; [rarely used.] — 2. In geometry, an angle is said 
to insist upon the arc of the circle intercepted" between 
the two lines which contain the angle. 3. To dwell on in 
discourse. — To insist on, to press or urge for any thing 
with immovable firmness. 

(N-SIST'ED, pp. Dwelt on ; urged. 

[N-SIST'ENT, a. Standing or resting on.— Wotton. [Rare.] 

[N-SISTTNG, ppr. Urging ; pressing. See Insist. 

(• IN-SISTURE, n. A dwelling or standing on ; fixedness. 

IN-8FTIEN-CY, re. Freedom from thirst.— Grew. 

IN-Sl'TION (in-sish'un), n. [L. insitio.] The insertion of a 
cion in a stock ; ingraftment. — Ray. 

IN Sl'TU. [L.] In its original situation or bed. 

IN-SNaRE', v. t. 1. To catch in a snare ; to entrap ; to take 
by artificial means. 2. To inveigle ; to seduce by artifice ; 
to take by wiles, stratagem, or deceit 3. To entangle ; to 
involve in difficulties or perplexities. 

IN-SNIR.ED' (in-snard'), pp. Caught in a snare ; entrapped ; 
inveigled ; involved in perplexities. 

IN-SNaR'ER, n. One who insnares. 

IN-SNaRTNG, ppr. or a. Catching in a snare ; entrapping ; 
seducing ; involving in difficulties. 

IN-SO-BRl'E-TY, re. [in and sobriety.] Want of sobriety ; 
intemperance ; drunkenness. — Decay of Piety. 

IN-So'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. insociabilis.] 1. Not inclined 
to unite in social converse ; not given to conversation ; 
unsociable ; taciturn. 2. That can not be joined or con- 
nected ; [obs.] 

[N-So'CIA-BLY, adv. Unsociably. 

[N'SO-LITE, v. t. [L. insolo.] To dry in the sun's rays ; to 
expose to the heat of the sun ; to ripen or prepare by ex- 
posure to the sun, as fruits, vinegar, &c. 

[N'SO-LI-TED, pp. Exposed to the sun ; dried or matured 
in the sun's rays. 

iN'SO-LI-TING, ppr. Exposing to the action of sun- 
beams. 

IN-SO-Ll'TION, re. 1. The act or process of exposing to 
the rays of the sun. 2. A stroke of the sun ; the action 
of extreme heat on the living system. 

[N'SO-LENCE, re. [Fr. ; L. insolentia.] Pride or haughtiness 
manifested in contemptuous and overbearing treatment 
of others ; petulant contempt ; impudence. 
IN'SO-LENCE, v. t. To treat with haughty contempt. 

tN'SO-LENT, a. 1. Proud and haughty, with contempt of 
others ; domineering in power. 2. Proceeding from inso- 
lence ; haughty and contemptuous. 3. Unaccustomed 
[obs.] — Syn. Overbearing ; insulting ; abusive ; offensive 
saucy ; impudent ; audacious ; pert ; impertinent ; rude 
reproachful ; opprobrious. 

IN'SO-LENT-LY, adv. With contemptuous pride ; haughti- 
ly ; rudely ; saucily. — Dry den. 

fN-SO-LID'I-TY, n. Want of solidity ; weakness. 



IN-SOL-U-BILI-TY, re. The quality of not being soluble or 
dissolvable, particularly in a fluid. 

IN-SOL'U-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. insolubilis.] 1. Th^r can 
not be dissolved, particularly by a liquid. 2. Not to be 
solved or explained ; not to be resolved, as a doubt or 
difficulty ; [little used.] 

IN-SOLVA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be cleared of difficulty 
or uncertainty ; not to be solved or explained ; not admit- 
ting solution or explication. 2. That can not be paid or 
discharged. — Pope. 

IN-SOLV'EN-CY, re. 1. Inability of a person to pay ail his 
debts ; or the state of wanting property sufficient for such 
payment 2. Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the 
owner. 

IN-SOLVENT, a. [L. in and sclvens.] 1. Not having money, 
goods, or estate sufficient to pay all debts. 2. Not sufficient 
to pay all the debts of the owner. 3. Respecting insolvent 
debtors ; relieving an insolvent debtor from imprisonment 
for debt. — Insolvent law, or act of insolvency, a law which 
liberates a debtor from imprisonment or exempts him 
from liability to arrest and imprisonment on account of 
any debt previously contracted. 

IN-SOLVENT, re. A debtor unable to pay his debts. 

IN-SOM'NI-OUS, a. [L. insomniosus.] Troubled with dreams ; 
restless in sleep. 

IN-SO-MUCH', adv. [in, so, and much.] So that ; to that de- 
gree. [Obsolescent.] 

IN-SPECT, v. t. [L. inspectum.] 1. To look on ; to view or 
oversee for the purpose of examination. 2. To look into ; 
to view and examine, for the purpose of ascertaining the 
quality or condition of a thing. 3. To view and examine 
for the purpose of discovering and correcting errors. 4 
To superintend. 

t IN-SPECT, re. Close examination.— Thomson. 

IN-SPE€T'ED, pp. or a. Viewed with care ; examined. 

IN-SPECTTNG, ppr. Looking on or into ; viewing with 
care; examining. 

IN-SPECTION, n. [L. inspectio.] 1. A looking on or into , 
prying examination ; close or careful survey ; introspec- 
tion ; insight 2. Watch ; guardianship. 3. Superintend- 
ence ; oversight. 4. Official view ; a careful viewing and 
examining of commodities or manufactures, to ascertain 
their quality. 5. Official examination, as of arms, to se^ 
that they are in good order for service. 

IN-SPE€T'IVE, a. Inspecting. 

IN-SPE€T'OR, re. 1. One who inspects, views, or oversees. 
2. A superintendent ; one to whose care the execution of 
any work is committed. 3. An officer whose duty is to 
examine the quality of goods. 4. An officer of the cus- 
toms. 5. A military officer whose duty is to inspect the 
troops and examine their arms. 

IN-SPECT'OR-ATE, \ re. The office of an inspector.— Wash- 

IN-SPE€T'OR-SHIP, 5 ington. 

IN-SPERS£D' (in-spersf), a. Sprinkled on. [Not used.] 

IN-SPER'SION, re. [L. inspersio.] The act of sprinkling on 
— Ainsworth. 

IN-SPEX'I-MUS, re. [L.] We have inspected.— In England, 
the first word of ancient charters, confirming a grant 
made by a former king ; hence, the name of a royal grant. 
— Smart. 

IN-SPHeRE', v. t, To place in an orb or sphere. 

IN-SPHER.ED', pp. Placed in a sphere. ' 

IN-SPHeRTNG, ppr. Placing in a sphere. 

IN-SPlR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inspired. 2. That may 
be drawn into the lungs ; inhalable, as air or vapors. 

rN-SPI-Rl'TION, re. [Fr.] 1. The act of drawing air into 
the lungs ; the inhaling of air ; a branch of respiration, and 
opposed to expiration. 2. The act of breathing into any 
thing. 3. The supernatural influence of the Spirit of God 
on the human mind, by which the prophets, apostles, and 
sacred writers were qualified to set forth divine truth 
without any mixture of error. 4. The infusion of ideas 
or directions by the supposed deities of pagans. 5. The 
infusion or communication of ideas or poetic spirit by a 
superior being or supposed presiding power. 6. A highly 
exciting influence ; as, the inspiration of the scene. 

IN-SPl'RA-TO-RY or IN'SPI-RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to 
or aiding inspiration, or inhaling air into the lungs. — Med 
Repos. 

IN-SPlRE', v. i. [L. inspiro.] To draw in breath ; to inhale 
air into the lungs ; opposed to expire. 

IN-SPlRE', v. t. 1. To breathe into.— Pope. 2. To infuse by 
breathing. 3. To infuse into the mind : as, to inspire with 
new life. 4. To infuse or suggest ideas or monitions su- 
pernaturally ; to communicate divine instructions to the 
mind. 5. To infuse ideas or poetic spirit. 6. To draw 
intothe lungs. 

IN-SPlR-ED' (in-spirdO, pp. or a. 1. Breathed in ; inhaled : 
infused. 2. Informed or directed by the Holy Spirit. 

IN-SPIR'ER. re. He who inspires. 

IN-SPlRTNG, ppr. 1. Breathing in ; inhaling into the lung3 , 
infusing into the mind supematurally. 2. a. Infusing spirit 
or courage ; animating. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. 



INS 



548 



INS 



tN SPIRIT, v. t. To infuse or excite spirit in ; to give new- 
life to. Pope. — Svn. To enliven ; invigorate ; exhilarate ; 
animate ; cheer ; encourage. 

1 N-SPiRTP-ED, pp. Enlivened; animated; invigorated. 

JN-SPiR'IT-ING, ppr. Infusing spirit ; giving new life to. 

IN-SPIS'SaTE, v. t. To thicken, as fluids ; to bring to great- 
er consistence by evaporating the thinner parts, &c. 

[N-SPIS'SATE, a. Thick.— Greenhill. 

[N-SPIS'S a-TED, pp. or a. Thickened, as a liquor. 

IN-SPIS'SI-TING, ppr. Thickening, as a liquor. 

IN-SPIS-Sa'TION, n. The act or operation of rendering a 
fluid substance thicker by evaporation, &c. 

iN-STA-BIL'I-TY, n, [Fr, instabilite ; L. instabilitas.] 1. 
Want of stability ; want of firmness in purpose ; muta- 
bility of opinion or conduct. 2. Mutability; liability to 
change; as, instability of human affairs.— Syn. Inconstan- 
cy ; fickleness ; changeableness ; wavering ; unsteadiness ; 
unstableness. 

IN-STa'BLE, a. [L. instabilis.] 1. Inconstant; prone to 
change or recede from a purpose ; mutable. 2. Not 
steady or fixed ; changeable. See Unstable. 

IN-STa'BLE-NESS, n. "Unstableness ; instability. 

IN-STALL', v. t. [Fr. installer.] To set, place, or instate in 
an office, rank, or order ; to invest with any charge, office, 
or rank, with the customary ceremonies. 

IN-STALL-a'TION, n. The act of giving possession of an 
office, rank, or order, with the customary ceremonies. 

IN-STALLED (-stawld'Xtfp. Placed in a seat, office, or order. 

IN-STALL'ING, ppr. Placing in a seat, office, or order. 

IN-STALLMENT, n. 1. The act of installing, or giving pos- 
session of an office, with the usual ceremonies or solemni- 
ties. 2. The seat in which one is placed ; [unusual] — 3. 
In commerce, a term applied to the parts of a large sum of 
money which are paid, or to be paid, at different periods. 

IN'STANCE, n. [Fr.J 1. Urgency; a pressing; solicitation; 
importunity; application. 2. Example; a case occurring ; 
a case offered. 3. Time ; occasion ; occurrence. 4. Mo- 
tive; influence; [obs.] 5. Process of a suit; [obs.] — 6. 
On the Continent of Europe, a court of the first instance is 
one which has original jurisdiction of a case ; court of the 
second and third instance are courts of successive appeal, 
— Encyc'. Am. 

IN'STANCE, v. i. To give or offer an example or case. 

IN'STANCE, v. t. To mention as an example or case. 

lN'STANCED (in'stanst), pp. or a. Given in proof, or as an 
example. 

IN'STANC-ING, ppr. Giving as proof or as an example. 

IN'STANT, a. [Fr., from L. instans.] 1. Pressing ; urgent ; 
importunate ; earnest. 2. Immediate ; without interven- 
ing time ; present. 3. Quick ; making no delay. 4. Pres- 
ent ; current ; as, on the tenth of July instant. 

IN'STANT, n. 1. A point in duration ; a moment; a part 
of duration in which we perceive no succession, or a part 
that occupies the time of a single thought. 2. A particu- 
lar time. 

IN-STANT-A-NE'I-TY, n. Unpremeditated production. 

IN-STANT-A'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. instantane.] Done in an in- 
stant; occurring or acting without any perceptible suc- 
cession ; very speedily. 

IN-STANT-A'NE-OUS-LY, adv. In an instant; in a moment; 
in an indivisible point of duration. 

IN-STANT-I'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being done 
in an instant. 

IN-STANTER, adv. [L.] In law, immediately ; at the pres- 
ent time ; without delay. 

TN'STANT-LY, adv. 1. Immediately ; without any interven- 
ing time ; at the moment ; instantaneously. 2. With urg- 
ent importunity. 3. With diligence and earnestness. 

IN-STaR', v. t. [in and star.] To set or adorn with stars, 
or with brilliants. — J. Barlow. 

IN' STAR OM'NI-UM. [L.] Like all; an example for all. 

IN-STaRRED', pp. Adorned with stars.— J. Barlow. 

IN-STaTE', v. t. [in and state.] 1. To set or place ; to estab- 
lish, as in a rank or condition. — South. 2. To invest ; [obs.] 

IN-STaTED, pp. Set or placed. 

IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Setting or placing. 

IN STATU QUO. [L.] In the former state or condition. 

IN-STAU'RaTE, v. t. [L. instauro.] To reform ; to repair. 

IN-STAU-RA'TION, n. [L. instauratio.] Renewal ; repair ; 
re-establishment ; the restoration of a thing. 

IN-STAU-Ra'TOR, n. One who renews or restores to a 
former condition. — More. 

1N-STEAD' (in-sted 7 ), adv. [in and stead.] In the place or 
room of. 

IN-STEEP', v. t. 1. To steep or soak ; to drench ; to macer- 
ate in moisture. — Shah. 2. To keep under or in water. 

IN-STEEPED' (in-steeptO,#p. Steeped; soaked; drenched; 
lying imder water. 

IN-STEEPTNG, ppr. Steeping; soaking. 

4 N'STEP, n. 1. The instep of the human foot is the fore- 
part of the upper side of the foot, near its junction with 
the leg. 2. The instep of a horse is that part of the hind 
leg which reaches from the ham to the pastern-joint. 



IN'STI-GITE, v. t. [L. instigo.] To set on; to mow bj 
some incentive, as to an act of wickedness. — Syn. To stim 
ulate; urge; spur; provoke; tempt; incite; impel; en 
courage ; animate. 

IN'STI-Ga-TED, pp. Incited or persuaded, as to evil. 

IN'STI-Ga-TING, ppr. Inciting : tempting to evil. 

IN'STI-Ga-TING-LY, adv. In the way of instigation. 

IN-STI-Ga'TION, n. 1. Incitement, as to evil or wickea 
ness ; the act of encouraging to commit a crime or some 
evil act 2. Temptation ; impulse to evil. 

IN'STI-Ga-TOR, n. 1. One who incites another to an evil 
act ; a tempter. 2. That which incites ; that which moves 
pers ans to commit wickedness. 

IN-STILL', v. t. [L. instillo.] 1. To infuse by drops.— Mil 
ton. 2. To infuse slowly, or by small quantities. 

IN-STIL-La'TION, n. [L. instillatio.] 1. The act of infus 
ing by drops or by small quantities. 2. The act of infus- 
ing slowly into the mind. 3. That which is instilled or in 
fused. 

IN-STILLED' (in-stild'), pp. Infused by drops or by slow 
degrees. 

IN-STILL'ER, n. He who instills. 

IN-STILLTNG, ppr. Infusing by drops or by slow degrees. 

IN-STILL'MENT, n. The act of instilling ; any thing instilled. 

t IN-STIM'U-LaTE, v. t. To stimulate ; to excite. 

IN-STIM'U-L a-TED, pp. Excited. 

IN-STIM'U-La-TING, ppr. Not stimulating.— Cheyne. 

IN-STIM-U-La'TION, n. [in and stimulation.] The act of 
stimulating, inciting, or urging forward. 

IN-STINCT", a. [L. instinctus.] Moved ; animated ; excited , 
as, instinct with spirit. — Milton. 

IN'STINCT, n. [Fr., from L. instinctus.] A cert i in power 
or disposition of mind, by which, independent of all in- 
struction or experience, animals are unerringly directed 

- to do spontaneously whatever is necessary for the preser- 
vation of the individual or the continuation of the kind. 

IN-STINCTED, a. Impressed, as an animating power. — 
Bentley. [Little used.] 

t IN-STINC'TION, n. Instinct.— Elyot. 

IN-STIN€T'f VE, a. Prompted by instinct ; spontaneous , 
acting without reasoning, deliberation, instruction, or ex- 
perience ; determined by natural impulse or propensity. 

IN-STINCT1VE-LY, adv. By force or instinct ; without in- 
struction or experience ; by natural impulse. 

IN'STI-TUTE, v. t. [L. instituo.] 1. To establish ; to ap- 
point ; to enact ; to form and prescribe, as a law. 2. To 
found ; to originate and establish, as a society or college. 
3. To ground or establish in principles ; to educate ; to in- 
struct, as children. — Decay of Piety. 4. To begin ; to com- 
mence ; to set in operation, as an investigation. 5. To in- 
vest with the spiritual part of a benefice or the care of souls. 

IN'STI-TUTE, n. [L. institutum.] 1. Established law; set- 
tled order. 2. Precept ; maxim ; principle. 3. A book oi 
elements or principles; particularly, a work containing 
the principles of the Roman law. — 4. In Scots law, when a 
number of" persons in succession hold an estate in tail, the 
first is called the institute, the others, substitutes. 5. A lit- 
erary and philosophical society ; [applied particularly to 
the principal society of this hind in France.] 

IN'STI-TU-TED,j>p. Established; appointed; founded; en- 
acted ; invested with the care of souls. 

IN'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Establishing ; founding ; enacting , 
investing with the care of souls. 

IN-STI-Tu'TION, n. [L. institutio.] 1. The act of establish 
ing. 2. Establishment ; that which is appointed, prescribed, 
or founded by authority, and intended to be permanent. 
3. An organized society established, either by law or by 
the authority of individuals, for promoting any object, 
public or social. 4. A system of the elements or rules 
of any art or science. 5. Education ; instruction. — Bent- 
ley. 6. The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with 
the spiritual part of a benefice, or the care of souls. 

IN-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. 1. Enjoined ; instituted by author 
ity. 2. Elementary. 

IN-STI-Tu'TION-A-RY, a. Elemental; containing the first 
principles 'or doctrines. — Brown. 

lN'STI-TU-TIST, n. A writer of institutes or elementary 
rules and instructions. — Harvey. 

IN'STI-TU-TiVE, a. 1. That establishes ; having power to 
establish. 2. Established ; depending on institution. 

IN'STI-TU-TOR, n. [L.] 1. The person who establishes; 
one who enacts laws, rites, and ceremonies. 2. The per. 
son who founds an order, sect, society, or scheme. 3. An 
instructor ; one who educates.— In the Episcopal Church, 
a presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a clergy 
man in a parish. — Walker. 

IN-STOP', v. t._ To stop ; to close ; to make fast. [Rare.] 

IN-STRAT'I-FlED, a. Stratified within something else. 

IN-STRUCT', v. t. [L. instruo, instructum.] 1. To impart 
knowledge to one who was destitute of it ; as, to instruct 
one in science. 2. To furnish with advice or counsel ; tc 
persuade or admonish. 3. To furnish with orders , to give 
directions to, as a representative or envoy. 4. To advise 



" See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE. BOOK. 



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549 



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or give notice to, as a court of justice. 5. To model ; to 
form ; to prepare ; [not used.] — Syn. To teach ; educate ; 
inform ; indoctrinate ; direct ; enjoin ; order ; command. 

[N-STRU€T'ED, pp. Taught ; informed ; trained up ; ed- 
ucated. 

[N-STRUCT'I-BLE, a. Able to instruct.— Bacon. [III.] 

OBSTRUCTING, ppr. Teaching ; informing the mind ; di- 
recting. 

IN-STRUC'TION, n. [L. instructio.] 1. The act of teaching 
or informing the understanding in that of which it was be- 
fore ignorant ; information. 2. Precepts conveying knowl- 
edge. 3. Authoritative direction. — Syn. Indoctrination ; 
information ; education ; advice ; counsel ; command ; 
order ; uvandate. 

[N-STRU€T IVE, a. [Sp. instructivo ; Fr. instructif.] Con- 
veying knowledge ; serving to instruct or inform. 

IN-STRUCTIVE-LY, adv. So as to afford instruction. 

IN-STRUCTlVE-NESS, n. Power of instructing. 

OBSTRUCTOR, n. 1. A teacher ; a person who imparts 
knowledge to another by precept or information. 2. The 
preceptor of a school or seminary of learning; any pro- 
fessional man who teaches the principles of his profession. 

LN-STRUCTRESS, n. A female who instructs ; a precep- 
tress ; a tutoress. 

IN'STRU-MENT, n. [L. instrumentum.] 1. A tool ; that by 
which work is performed or any thing is effected. 2. 
That which is subservient to the execution of a plan or 
purpose, or to the production of any effect ; means used 
or contributing to an effect. 3. An artificial machine or 
body constructed for yielding harmonious sounds. — 4. In 
law, a writing containing the terms of a contract, as a deed 
of conveyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, <fcc. 5. A 
person who acts for another. 

£N-STRU-MENT'AL, a. 1. Conducive, as an instrument or 
means, to some end ; contributing aid ; serving to promote 
or effect an object ; helpful. 2. Pertaining to instruments ; 
made by instruments, as music. 

IN-STRU-M ENT-AL'I-T Y, n. Subordinate or auxiliary agen- 
cy ; agency of any thing, as means to an end. 

IN-STRU-MENTAL-LY, adv. 1. By way or means of an 
instrument ; in the nature of an instrument, as means to 
an end. 2. With instruments of music. 

(N-STRU-MENTAL-NESS, n. Usefulness, as of means to 
an end ; instrumentality. — Hammond. 

r IN-STyLE', v. t. To call ; to denominate. — Crashaw. 

1N-SUAVT-TY (in-swav'e-ty), n. [L. insuavitas.] Unpleas- 
antness. 

LN-Su B-JECTION, n. State of disobedience to government. 

IN-SUB-MIS'SION, n. Defect of submission ; disobedience. 

IN-SUB-OR'DI-NATE, a. Not submitting to authority. 

LN-SUB-OR-DI-Ni'TION, n. Want of subordination ; disor- 
der ; disobedience to lawful authority. 

IN-SUB-STANTIAL, a. Unsubstantial ; not real.— Skak. 

IN-SU€-€a'TION, n. [L. insucco.] The act of soaking or 
moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs. 

iN-SUF'FER-A-BLE, a. 1. Intolerable ; insupportable ; that 
can not be borne or endured. 2. That can not be permit- 
ted or tolerated. 3. Detestable ; contemptible ; disgusting 
beyond endurance. 

IN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance. 

IN-SUF-FrCIEN-CY (-suf-fish'en-se), n. 1. Inadequateness ; 
want of sufficiency ; deficiency. 2. Inadequacy of p-jwer 
or skill ; inability ; incapacity ; incompetency. 3. Want 
of the requisite strength, value, or force ; defect. 

IN-SUF-FI"CIENT (-suf-fish'ent), a. 1. Not sufficient ; not 
adequate to any need, use, or purpose. 2. Wanting in 
strength, power, ability, or skill. — Syn. Inadequate ; in- 
commensurate ; unequal; incompetent; unfit; incapable. 

IN-SUF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. With want of sufficiency ; with 
want of proper ability or skill ; inadequately. 

IN-SUF-FLITION, n, 1. The act of breathing on. 2. The 
act of blowing a substance into a cavity of the body. 

IN-SulTA-BLE, a. Unsuitable.— Burnet. [Little used.] 

* IN'SU-LAR, a. [L. insularis.] Belonging to an isle ; sur- 

rounded by water. 

* IN'SU-LAR, n. One who dwells in an isle. — Berkeley. 

* IN-SU-L AR'I-TY, n. The state of being insular. 

* IN'SU-LAR-LY, adv. In an insulated manner. 

* IN'SU-LA-RY, a. The same as insular. 
'IN'SU-LaTE, v. t. [L. insula.] 1. To place in a detached 

situation, or in a state to have no communication with 
surrounding objects.— 2, In architecture, to set a column 
alone, or not contiguous to a wall.— 3. In electrical experi- 
ments, to place electrified bodies, by means of non-con- 
ductors, in such a situation as to prevent the electricity 
from escaping. 4. To make an isle ; [little used.] 
IN'SU-Ll-TED, pp. or a. 1. Standing by itself; not being 
contiguous to other bodies. 2. In electricity, placed, by 
means of non-conductors, so that the electric fluid is pre- 
vented from escaping. 

IN'SU-La-TING, ppr. 1. Setting in a detached position. — 
2. In electricity, placing, by means of non-conductors, so 
that the electricity is prevented from escaping. 



* IN-SU-L a'TION, n. 1. The act of insulating; the state o 
being detached from other objects. — 2. In electrical expert 
raents, the act of placing electrified bodies, by means of non 
conductors, in such a situation that the electricity is pre- 
vented from escaping ; the state of being thus placed. 

* IN'SU-La-TOR, n. In electrical experiments, the substance 

or body that insulates, or interrupts the communication 
of electricity to surrounding objects ; a non-conductor or 
electric. 

IN'SU-LOUS, a. Abounding in isles. 

t IN-SULSE' (in-suls'), a. [L. insulsus.] Dull ; insipid. 

t IN-SULS'I-TY, n. Stupidity.— Milton. 

INSULT, n. [Fr. insulte; L. insultus.] 1. The act of leap- 
ing on ; [little used.] 2. Any gross abuse offered to an- 
other, either by words or actions ; act or speech of inso- 
lence or contempt. — Syn. Affront ; indignity ; outrage , 
contumely. 

IN-SULT, v. t. [Fr. insulter ; L. insulto.] To treat with gross 
abuse, insolence, or contempt, by words or actions. 

IN-SULT, v. i. To behave with insolent triumph.— To in- 
sult over, to triumph over with insolence. 

IN-SUL T- A'TION, n. The act of insulting; abusive treatment 

IN-SULT'ED, pp. Abused or treated with insolence. 

IN-SULT'ER, 7i. One who insults.— Rowe. 

IN-SULT'ING, ppr. 1. Treating with insolence or contempt 
2. a. Expressing insolence or contempt ; as, insulting 
words. 

IN-SUL T'ING-LY, adv. With insolent contempt ; with con 
temptuous triumph. — Dryden. 

t IN-SULT'MENT, n. The act of insulting.— Shak. 

t IN-SOME', v. t. [L.insumo.] To take in.— Evelyn. 

IN-SU-PER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being insuperable 

IN-Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. insuperabilis.] 1. That can not be 
overcome or surmounted. 2. That can not be passed over ; 
[rare.] — Syn. Insurmountable ; unconquerable ; invincible. 

IN-SU'PER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being insupera- 
ble_or insurmountable. 

IN-Su'PER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to bo 
overcome ; insurmountably. — Grew. 

IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That can not be support- 
ed or borne, as weight or load. — 2. Figuratively, that can 
not be borne or endured ; insufferable ; intolerable, as re 
proach. 

IN-SUP-PoRTA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in 
supportable ; insufferableness. 

IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that can 
not be supported or endured. — Dryden. 

IN-SUP-PRESS'I-BLE, a. Not to be suppressed. 

IN-SUP-PRESS1-BLY, adv. So as not to be suppressed. 

IN-SUP-PRESS'IVE, a. Not to be suppressed.— Skak. 

IN-SuR'A-BLE (in-shur'a-bl), a. That may be insured against 
loss or damage ; proper to be insured. 

IN-SfJR'ANCE (in-shur'ans), n. 1. The act of insuring or as- 
suring against loss or damage ; or a contract by which one 
engages, for a stipulated consideration or premium per 
cent., to make up a loss which another may sustain. 2. 
The premium paid for insuring property or life. — Insur- 
ance company, a company or corporation whose business 
is to insure against loss or damage. 

t IN-SuR'AN-CER, n. An underwriter.— R. Blair. 

IN-SuRE' (in-shure'), v. t. 1. To make sure or secure ; as, 
to insure safety to any one. 2. To contract or covenant 
for a consideration to secure a person against loss ; as. to 
insure a ship. 

IN-SuRE', v. i. To underwrite ; to practice making insur 
ance. 

IN-SuR-ED' (in-shurd'), pp. or a. Made sure ; assured ; se- 
cured against loss. 

IN-SuR'ER (in-shur'er), n. One who insures; an under- 
writer. 

IN-SUR'GENT, a. [L. insurgens.] Rising in opposition to 
lawful, civil, or political authority. — Stephens. 

IN-SUR'GENT, n. A person who rises in opposition to civil 
or political authority ; one who openly and actively resists 
the execution of laws. An insurgent differs from a rebel. 
The insurgent opposes the execution of a particular law 
or laws ; the rebel attempts to overthrow or change the 
government, or he revolts and attempts to place his coun- 
try under another jurisdiction. All rebels are insurgents, 
but all insurgents are not rebels. 

IN-SuR'ING (in-shur'ing), ppr. Making secure ; assuring 
against loss ; engaging to indemnify for losses. 

IN-SUR-MOUNTA-BLE.a. [Fr. insurmontabU.] 1. Insuper- 
able ; that can not be surmounted or overcome. 2. Not 
to be surmounted ; not to be passed by ascending. 

IN-SUR-MOUNTA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to 
be overcome. 

IN-SUR-REC'TION, n. [L. insurgo.] 1. A rising against 
civil or political authority ; the open and active opposition 
of a number of persons to the execution of law in a city 
or state. It is equivalent to sedition, except that sedition 
expresses a less extensive rising of citizens. It differs 
from rebellion, for the latter expresses a revolt or an at- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this 



INT 



550 



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cempt to overthrow the government, to establish a differ- 
ent one, or to place the country under another jurisdiction. 
It differs from mutinxj, as it respects the civil or political 
government ; whereas a mutiny is an open opposition to 
law in the army or navy. 2. A rising in mass to oppose 
an enemy ; [little used.] 

(N-SUR-RE€TION-AL, a. Pertaining to insurrection ; con- 
sisting in insurrection. — Amer. Review. 

[N-SUR-REC'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining or suitable to insur- 
rection. — Burke. 

[N-SUR-REC'TION-IST, n. One who favors insurrection. 

IN-SUS-CEPT-I-BIL1-TY, n. Want of susceptibility or ca- 
pacity to feel or perceive. — Med. Repos. 

fN-SUS-CEPT'I-BLE, a. 1. Not susceptible ; not capable of 
being moved, affected, or impressed. 2. Not capable of 
receiving or admitting. 

IN-SUS-UR-RITiON, n. [L. insusurro.] The act of whis- 
pering; into something. 

IN-TACT, a. Untouched. 

IN-TACTA-BLE, a. [L. intactum.] Not perceptible to the 
touch. — Diet. 

IN-TAGL'lA-TED (in-tal'ya-ted), a. Engraved or stamped 
on. — Warton. 

r N-TAGL'IO (in-tal'yo), n. [It.] Any thing engraved, or a 
precious stone with a head or an inscription cut in or hol- 
lowed out. It is the opposite of a cameo. 

IN-TAN'Gl-BLE, a. 1. That can not or may not be touched. 

2. Not perceptible to the touch. 
IN-TAN'Gl-BLE-NESS, \ n. The quality of being intangi- 
IN-TAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, j ble. 

[N-TAN'Gl-BLY, adv. So as to be intangible. 

IN-TIST'A-BLE, a. That can not be tasted ; that can not 
affect the organs of taste. — Grew. 

IN'TE-GER, n. [L.] The whole of any thing ; particularly, 
in arithmetic, a whole number, in contradistinction to a 
fraction. 

IN'TE-GRAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Whole; entire. 2. Making part 
of a whole, or necessary to make a whole. 3. Not frac- 
tional. 4. Uninjured ; complete ; not defective. — Integral 
molecules, the smallest particles into which a body can be 
supposed to be divided by mechanical means. — Integral 
calculus. See Calculus. 

IN'TE-GRAL, n. 1. A whole ; an entire thing.— 2. In math- 
ematics. See Calculus and Differential. 

f IN-TE-GRAL'I-TY, n. Entireness.— Whitaker. 

IN'TE-GRAL-L Y, adv. Wholly ; completely.— Whitaker. 

IN'TE-GRANT, a. Making part of a whole ; necessary to 
constitute an entire thing. Burke. — Integrant parts or 
particles, are those which result from the mechanical di- 
vision of a body, while the constituent or elementary parti- 
cles result from its chemical decomposition. 

rNTE-GRlTE, v. t. [L. integro.] To renew ; to restore : to 
perfect; to make a thing entire. -South. 

IN'TE-GRi-TED, pp. Made entire, 

IN'TE-GRa-TING, ppr. Making entire. 

IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of making entire. 

LN-TEG'RI-TY, n. [Fr. integrite ; L. integritas.] 1. Whole- 
ness ; entireness ; unbroken state. 2. The entire, unim- 
paired state of any thing, particularly of the mind ; moral 
soundness or purity ; incorruptness ; uprightness ; hon- 
esty ; probity. 3. Purity ; genuine, unadulterated, unim- 
paired state. 

IN-TEG-tJ-MA'TION, n. [L. intego.] That part of physiolo- 
gy which treats of the integuments of animals and plants. 

IN-TEG'tJ-MENT, n. [L. integum'entum.] That which nat- 
urally invests or covers another thing, as the skin covers 
the body. 

EN-TEG-U-MENTA-RY, a. Belonging to or composed of in- 
teguments. 

IN'TEL-LECT, n. [Fr., from L. intellectus.] That faculty of 
the human soul or mind which receives or comprehends 
the ideas communicated to it by the senses or by percep- 
tion, or by other means ; the faculty of thinking ; the un- 
derstanding. 

IN-TEL-LECTION, n. [L. intellectio.} The act of under- 
standing ; simple apprehension of ideas. — Bentley. 

IN-TEL-LE€T'lVE, a. [Fr. intellectif.] 1. Having power to 
understand. — Glanville. 2. Produced by the understanding. 

3. To be perceived by the understanding, not by the senses. 
1N-TEL-LECTU-AL, a. [Fr. intellectuel.] 1. Relating to the 

intellect or understanding; belonging to the mind; per- 
formed by the understanding ; mental. 2. Ideal ; perceived 
by the intellect ; existing in the understanding. 3. Having 
the power of understanding. 4. Relating to the under- 
standing ; treating of the mind. 

IN-TEL-LE€T'tJ-AL, n. The intellect or understanding.— 
Milton. {Little, used.] 

IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL-IST, n. One who overrates the under- 
standing. — Bacon. 

» IN-TEL-LECT-U-AL1-TY, n. The state of intellectual 
power. — Hallywell. 

IN-TEL-LE€T'{J-AL-LY, adv. By means of the under- 
standing;. 



IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, n. [L. Utelligentia.] 1. Intellectual ca- 
pacity, skill, or knowledge ; as, a man of intelligence. 2. 
Information communicated ; an account of things distant 
or before unknown. 3. Commerce of acquaintance ; terms 
of intercourse ; as, a good intelligence between parties. 4 
A spiritual being; as, higher intelligences. — Syn. Under 
standing ; intellect ; instruction ; advice ; notice ; notifica 
tion ; news. 

IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, v. t. To inform ; to instruct. [Rare.) 

IN-TEL'LI-GENCE-OF'FlCE, n. An office or place where 
information may be obtained, especially respecting servants 
and places of employment. 

IN-TEL'LI-GENGED, pp. Informed ; instructed. [Rare.] 

IN-TELTI-GEN-CER, n. 1. One who sends or conveys in 
telligence ; a messenger. — Addison. 2. A public paper ; ti 
newspaper. 

IN-TEL'LI-GEN-CING, ppr. or a. Giving or conveying notice 
to from a distance. 

IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. [L. intelligens.] 1. Endowed with the 
faculty of understanding or reason. 2. Knowing ; under- 
standing ; well informed ; skilled. 3. Giving information 
— Shak. ; [obs.] 

IN-TEL-LI-GENTIAL, a. 1. Consisting of unbodied mind 

2. Intellectual ; exercising understanding. — Milton. 
IN-TEL'LI-GENT-LY, adv. In an intelligent manner. 
IN-TEL-LI-Gl-BIL'I-TY, > n. The quality or state of being 
IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE-NESS, \ intelligible ; the possibility of 

being understood- — Tooke. 

IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE, a. [L. intelligibilis.] That may be un- 
derstood or comprehended. — Syn. Comprehensible ; per- 
spicuous ; plain ; clear. 

IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLY, adv. In a manner to be understood ; 
clearly ; plainly. 

t IN-TEM'ER-ATE, a. [L. intemeratus.] Pure ; undefiled. 

t IN-TEM'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being unpolluted. 

IN-TEMTER-A-MENT, n. A bad state or constitution. 

IN-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. intemperantia.) 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, want of moderation or due restraint ; excess ii 
any kind of action or indulgence. 2. Habitual indulgence 
in drinking spirituous liquors, with or without intoxica 
tion. — L. Beecher. 

IN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. intemperatus.] 1. Not moderate 
or restrained within due limits ; indulging to excess anj 
appetite or passion, either habitually or in a particular in 
stance; immoderate in enjoyment or exertion. 2. Ad 
dieted to an excessive or habitual use of spirituous liquors 

3. Passionate ; ungovernable. — Shak. 4. Excessive ; ex 
ceeding the convenient mean or degree, as climate oi 
weather. 

t IN-TEMTER-aTE, v. t. To disorder.— Whitaker. 

IN-TEM'PER-ATE-LY, adv. With excessive indulgence of 
appetite or passion ; with undue exertion ; immoderately , 
excessively 

IN-TEMTER-ATE-NESS, n. 1. Want of moderation ; ex- 
cessive degree of indulgence. 2. Immoderate degree of 
any quality in the weather, as in cold, heat, or storms. 

IN-TEM'PER-A-TURE, n. Excess of some quality. 

t IN-TEM-PEST'lVE, a. [L. intempestivus.] Untimely. 

t IN-TEM-PEST'iVE-LY, adv. Unseasonably. 

t IN-TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, n. Unrimeliness. 

IN-TEN'A-BLE, a. That can not be held or maintained; 
that is not defensible ; untenable. — Warburton ; [little 
used.] 

IN-TEND', v. t. [L. intendo.] 1. To stretch ; to strain ; to ex- 
tend ; to distend ; [unusual] 2. To mean ; to design ; to 
purpose, that is, to stretch or set forward in mind. 3. To 
regard ; to fix the mind on ; to attend ; to take care of ; 
[obs.] 4. To enforce ; to make intense. — Brown. 

IN-TEND'AN-C Y, n. The office or employment of an intend 
ant, or the district committed to his charge. 

IN-TENDANT, n. [Fr.] 1. One who has the charge, over 
sight, direction, or management of some public business. 
— 2. In Charleston, South Carolina, the mayor or chief mu- 
nicipal officer of the city. 

IN-TEND'ED,#p.ora. 1. Designed ; purposed. 2. Stretched; 
made intense ; [little used.] 

IN-TEND'ED-LY, adv. With intention or purpose ; by de 
sign. — Milton. 

IN-TEND'ER n. One who intends. 

t IN-TEND'I-MENT, n. Attention ; understanding. 

IN- TENDING, ppr. 1. Meaning ; designing ; purposing. 2. 
Stretching ; distending ; [little used.] 

IN-TEND'MENT, n. [Fr. entendement.] Intention ; design ; 
in law, the true meaning of a person or of a law, or of any 
legal instrument. 

IN-TEN'ER-aTE, v. t. To make tender ; to soften. [Rare.') 

IN-TEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Made tender or soft. [Rare.] 

IN-TEN'ER-I-TING, ppr. Making tender. [Rare.] 

IN-TEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of making soft or tender , 
the state of being made tender. [Rare.] 

t IN-TEN'I-BLE, a. That can not hold.— Shak. 

IN-TENS'aTE, v. t. To make intense, or more intense. 

IN-TENS'I-TING, ppr. Making intense or more intense. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE ^tRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK, 



INT 



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[N-TENSE' (ill-tens'), a. [L. intensus.] 1. Literally, strained, 
stretched ; hence, very close, strict, as when the mind is 
fixed or bent on a particular subject. 2. Raised to a high 
degree ; violent ; vehement. 3. Very severe or keen. 4. 
Vehement ; ardent ; as, intense phrases. — Addison, 5. Ex- 
treme in degree. 6. Kept on the stretch ; anxiously atten- 
tive. — Milton 

FN-TENSE'LY, adv. 1. To an extreme degree ; vehemently. 
\ Attentively; earnestly. 

[N-TENSE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being strained or 
stretched; intensity. 2. The state of being raised or con- 
centrated to a great degree ; extreme violence. 3. Ex- 
treme closeness, as of application to study. 

[N-TENS'I-FLED, pp. Rendered more intense. 

IN-TENS'I-FY, v. t. To make more intense. 

IN-TENS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making more intense. 

IN-TEN'SJON, n. [L. intensio.] 1. A straining, stretching, or 
bending ; the state of being strained. 2. Increase of power 
or energy of any quality. 

IN-TENS'I-TY, n. [Fr. intensite.] 1. The state of being 
strained or stretched ; intenseness, as of a musical chord. 
2. The state of being raised to a great degree ; extreme 
violence. 3. Extreme closeness. 4. Excess ; extreme de- 
gree. 

[N-TENS'I VE, a. 1. Stretched, or admitting of extension, as 
distance. — Hale. 2. Intent; unremitted; assiduous, as cir- 
cumspection. — Wotton. 3. Serving to give force or em- 
phasis ; as, an intensive verb. 

IN-TENS'lVE-LY, adv. By increase of degree ; in a maimer 
to give force. — Bramhall. 

IN-TENT', a. [L. intentus.] Literally, having the mind 
strained or bent on an object ; hence, fixed closely ; sedu- 
lously applied ; eager in pursuit of an object ; anxiously 
diligent. 

IN-TENT', n. Literally, the stretching of the mind toward 
an object ; hence, the thing aimed at or designed. — To all 
intents, in all senses ; whatever may be designed. — Syn. 
Design ; purpose ; intention ; meaning ; view ; drift ; ob- 
ject; end; aim. 

IN-TEN'TION, n. [L. intentio.] 1. Primarily, a stretching 
or bending of the mind toward an object ; hence, uncom- 
mon exertion of the intellectual faculties ; closeness of ap- 
plication ; fixedness of attention ; earnestness. — Locke. 2. 
The fixed direction of the mind to a particular object, or 
a determination to act in a particular manner. 3. The 
thing aimed at; the object to be accomplished. 4. The 
state of being strained. See Intension. — 5. In surgery, a 
wound is said to heal by the first intention when it cica- 
trizes without suppuration. — Syn. Design; purpose; in- 
view ; tent ; meaning ; drift ; end ; aim. 

IN-TEN'TION-AL, a. Intended; designed; done with de- 
sign. 

fN-TEN'TION-AL-LY, adv. By design; of purpose; not 
casually. 

IN-TEN'TIOKED, in composition ; as, well-intentioned, having 
good designs ; ill-intentioned, having ill designs. 

IN-TENT'i VE, a. Attentive ; having the mind closely applied. 
— Bacon. [Rarely used.] 

IN-TENT'iVE-LY, adv. Closely ; with close application. 

IN-TENT'I VE-NESS, n. Closeness of attention. 

IN-TENT'LY, adv. With close attention or application ; 
with eagerness or earnestness. — Syn. Fixedly ; steadfast- 
ly ; earnestly ; attentively ; sedulously ; diligently ; ea- 
gerly. 

IN-TENT'NESS, n. The state of being intent ; close appli- 
cation ; constant employment of the mind. 

IN'TER, a Latin preposition, signifying among or betzcccn ; 
used as a prefix. 

IN-TER', v. t. [Fr. enterrcr.] 1. To bury ; to deposit and 
cover in the earth. 2. To cover with earth. 

IN'TER-A-GT, n. [inter and act.] Intermediate employment 
or time ; a short piece between others. 

IN-TER-ACTION, n. Intermediate action.— J. Taylor. 

IN-TER- a'gENT, n. An intermediate agent.— Kirby. 

IN-TER-AM'NI-AN, a. [L. inter and amnis.] Situated be- 
tween rivers. — Bryant. 

IN-TER-AN'1-MaTE, v. t. To animate mutually. [Little 

IN-TER-XR-TICU-LAR, a. Being between the joints or ar- 
ticulations. 
HN-TER-BAS-TA'TION, n. [Sp. bastcar.] Patch-work. 
IN-TER'CA-LAR, \ a. [L. inter calarius.] Inserted or in- 

* IN-TER'G A-L A-RY, 5 troduced in the midst of others ; as, 

an intercalary verse ; applied especially to time ; as, an in- 
tercalary day, i. e., the odd day inserted in leap year. 

* INTER-CAL-aTE or IN-TER'CAL-ITE, v. t. [L. inter- 

calo.] To insert an extraordinary day or other portion 
of time. 

INTER-CAL-A-TED or IN-TER'CAL-A-TED, pp. or a. In- 
serted. 

* IN'TER-CAL-X-TING or IN-TER'CAL-I-TING, ppr. In- 

serting. 
IN-TER-€AL-A'TI0N, n. [L. intercalation The insertion of 



an extraordinary day or other portion of time in the citl 
endar. 

IN-TER-CeDE', v. i. [L. intercedo.) 1. To pass between. 2. 
To mediate ; to interpose ; to make intercession ; to act 
between parties with a view to reconcile those who dif- 
fer or contend. 3. To plead in favor of one. 

IN-TER-CeD'ED, pp. Mediated ; interposed. 

IN-TER-CeD'ENT, a. Passing between ; mediating; plead- 
ing for. 

IN-TER-CeD'ER, n. One who intercedes or interposes be- 
tween parties to effect a reconciliation ; a mediator ; an 
intercessor. 

IN-TER-CeDTNG, ppr. Mediating; pleading. 

IN-TER-CEL'LU-LAR, a. Lying between the cells or ele- 
mentary bladders, as of plants. — P. Cyc. 

IN-TER-CEPT', v. t. [Fr. inter cepter.] 1. To take or seize 
on by the way ; to stop on its passage. 2. To obstruct ; 
to stop in progress. 3. To stop, as a course or passing 
4. To cut off or interrupt communication with, or progress 
toward. 5. To take, include, or comprehend between. 

IN-TER-CEPT'ED, pp. or a. Taken on the way ; seized in 
progress; stopped; included or comprehended between. 

IN-TER-CEPT'ER, n. One who intercepts. 

IN-TER-CEPT'ING, ppr. Seizing on its passage ; hindering 
from proceeding ; comprehending between. 

IN-TER-CEPTION, n. The act of seizing something on its 
passage ; a stopping ; obstruction of a course or proceed- 
ing; hinderance. 

IN-TER-CES'SION, n. [L. intercessio.] 1. The act of inter- 
ceding; mediation; interposition between parties at va- 
riance, with a view to reconciliation. 2. Prayer or solic- 
itation to one party in favor of another ; sometimes against 
another. 

IN-TER-CES'SION-AL (-sesh'un-al), a. Containing interces 
sion or entreaty. — Encyc. 

IN-TER-CES'SOR, n. [L.] 1. A mediator ; one who inter- 
poses between parties at variance, with a view to recon- 
cile them ; one who pleads in behalf of another. 2. A 
bishop who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the 
bishopric till a successor is elected. 

IN-TER-CES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an intercessor. 

IN-TER-CES'SO-RY, a. Containing intercession ; intercod 
ing; mediatorial. 

IN-TER-CHaIN', v. t. To chain ; to link together. 

IN-TER-CHaIN£D', pp. Chained together. 

IN-TER-CHIIN'ING, ppr. Chaining or fastening together 

IN-TER-CHaNgE', v. t. 1. To put each in the place of the 
other ; to give and take mutually ; to exchange ; to recip- 
rocate. 2. To succeed alternately, or to cause alternation 
— Sidney. _ 

INTER-CHaNgE, n. 1. Mutual change, each giving and re- 
ceiving ; exchange ; permutation of commodities ; barter. 
2. Alternate succession ; as, the interchange of light and 
darkness. 3. A mutual giving and receiving ; reciprocation, 

IN-TER-CHaNgE'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be interchanged ; 
that may be given and taken mutually. 2. Following eacb 
other in alternate succession, as the seasons. 

IN-TER-CHXNgE'A-BLE-NESS, ) n. The state of being in- 

IN-TER-CHINgE-A-BIL'I-TY, $ terchangeable. 

IN-TER-CHINgE'A-BLY, adv. Alternately ; by reciproca- 
tion ; in a manner by which each gives and receives. 

IN-TER-CHING.ED' (in-ter-chanjd'),^. Mutually exchang- 
ed ; reciprocated. 

IN-TER-CHaNgE'MENT, n. Exchange ; mutual transfer 
— Shak. [Little iised.] 

IN-TER-CHaNg'ING, ppr. or a. Mutually giving and re- 
ceiving ; taking each other's place successively ; recipro- 
cating. 

IN-TER-CHAP'TER, n. An interpolated chapter. 

IN-TER-Cl'DENT, a. [L. intercido.] Falling or coming be- 
tween. — Boyle. 

JN-TER-CIP'I-ENT, a. [L. inter cipiens.] Intercepting; seiz- 
ing by the way ; stopping. 

IN-TER-CIP'I-ENT, n. He or that which intercepts or stops 
on the passage. — Wiseman. 

IN-TER-CIS'ION, n. [L. intercido.] Interruption. [Rare.] 

IN-TER-CLl/DE', v. t. [L. intercludo.] 1. To shut from a 
place or course by something intervening; to intercent 
2. To cut off ; to interrupt. 

IN-TER-€LtJD'ED, pp. Intercepted ; interrupted. 

IN-TER-€LuD'ING, ppr. Interrupting. 

IN-TER-€LU'SION, n. Interception ; a stopping. 

IN-TER-CO-LUM-NI-A'TION, n. [L. inter and columna.] In 
architecture, the clear space between two columns. 

IN-TER-€OM'MON, v. i. [inter and common.] 1. To feed at 
the same table. 2. To graze cattle in a common pasture ; 
to use a common with others. 

rN-TER-€OM'MON-AGE, n. Mutual commonage.— Roberts. 

IN-TER-€OM'MON-ING, ppr. Feeding at the same table, or 
using a common pasture ; enjoying a common field with 
others. 

IN-TER-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. That may be mutually 
communicated. 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; ffi as Z; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



INT 



552 



INT 



IN-TER-€OM-M0'NI-€aTE, v. i. To communicate mutu- 
ally ; to hold mutual communication. 

[N-TER-COM-MU-NI-Ca'TION, n. Reciprocal communi- 
cation. 

IN-TER-COM-MuN'ION, n. Mutual communion.— Faber. 

[N-TER-€OM-Mu'NI-TY, n. A mutual communication or 
community. 

[N-TER-COST'AL, a. [Fr.] Lying between the ribs. 

INTER-COSTAL, n. A part lying between the ribs. 

INTERCOURSE, n. [L. intercursus.] 1. Connection by re- 
ciprocal dealings between persons or nations. 2. Silent 
communication or exchange ; as, " intercourse of looks and 
smiles." Milton. — Syn. Communication ; commerce ; 
communion ; fellowship ; familiarity ; acquaintance. 

r INTER-CUR', v. i. [L. intercurro.] To intervene ; to come 
in the mean time.— Shelton. 

INTER-CUR'RENCE, n. [L. intercurrens.] A passing or 
running between. — Boyle. 

IN-TER-€UR'RENT, a. [L. intercurrens.] 1. Running be- 
tween or among. — Boyle. 2. Occurring ; intervening. — 
Barrow. 

LN-TER-CU-TITSfE-OUS, a. Being within or under the skin. 

\ INTER-DeAL, n. Mutual dealing ; traffic. 

IN-TER-DEN'TIL, n. The space between two dentils.— 
Gwilt. 

IN-TER-DE-PEND'ENCE, n. Mutual dependence. 

IN-TER-DE-PEND'ENT, a. Mutually dependent. 

INTER-DICT, v. t. [L. interdico.] 1. To place under an in- 
terdict or prohibition. 2. To debar communion ; to cut 
off from the enjoyment of communion with a church. — 
Syn. To forbid ; prohibit ; inhibit ; proscribe. 

INTER-DICT, n. [L. interdictum.] 1. Prohibition ; a pro- 
hibiting order or decree. 2. A prohibition of the pope by 
which the clergy are restrained from performing divine 
service; a species of ecclesiastical censure. 3. A prohibi- 
tion of the pope by which persons are restrained from at- 
tending divine service, or prevented from enjoying some 
privilege. 

INTER-DICT'ED, pp. or a. Forbidden ; prohibited. 

TN-TER-DICT'ING, ppr. Forbidding ; prohibiting ; cutting 
off from the enjoyment of some privilege. 

INTER-DICTION, n. [L. interdictio.] The act of interdict 
ing ; prohibition ; prohibiting decree ; curse. — Milton. 

IN-TER-DI€TlVE, a. Having power to prohibit.— Milton. 

INTER-DICT'0-RY, a. Serving to prohibit. 

UNTER-E-QUI-NOCTIAL, a. [inter and equinox.] Com- 
ing between the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. 

\ INTER-ESS, for interest, is obsolete. 

IN'TER-EST, v. t. [Fr. interesser.] 1. To concern; to affect; 
to excite emotion or passion, usually in favor, but some- 
times against a person or thing. 2. To give a share in. 
3. To have a share in. 4. To engage. — To interest one's 
self, is to take a share or concern in. 

INTER-EST, n. 1. Concern; advantage; good. 2. Influ- 
ence over others. 3. Share ; portion ; part ; participation 
in value. 4. Regard to private profit. 5. Premium paid 
for the use of money, often called simple interest, in dis- 
tinction from compound interest, which is interest upon 
interest. 6. Any addition or increase of benefit or injury ; 
as, to repay kindness or wrong with interest. 

INTER-EST-ED, pp. 1. Made a sharer. 2. Affected; 
moved ; having the passions excited. 3. a. Having an in- 
terest ; concerned in a cause or in consequences ; liable 

1NTER-EST-1NG, ppr. 1. Giving a share or concern. 2. 
Engaging the affections. 3. a. Engaging the attention or 
curiosity ; exciting emotiDns or passions. 

IN-TER-Fa'CIAL (-ia'shal), a. Included between two faces ; 
as, the interfacial angles of a crystal. 

IN-TER-FeRE', v. i. [L. inter and fero.] 1. To interpose ; 
to intermeddle ; to enter into or take a part in the con- 
cerns of others. 2. To clash ; to come in collision ; to be 
in opposition. 3. A horse is said to interfere, when one 
hoof or shoe strikes against the fetlock of the opposite leg, 
and breaks the skin or injures the flesh. 

INTER-FeRJED',^. 1. Interposed; meddled. 2. Clashed. 
3. Struck one foot against the fetlock of the opposite leg. 

IN-TER-FeR'ENCE, n. 1. Interposition ; an intermeddling ; 
mediation. 2. A clashing or collision. 3. A striking of 
one foot against the other. — 4. In optics, a term employed 
to denote certain phenomena which result from the mu- 
tual action of the rays of light on each other. 

IN-TER FeR'ER, n. One who interferes. 

IN-TER-FER'ING, ppr. 1. Interposing ; meddling. 2. Clash- 
ing ; coming in collision. 3. Striking one foot against the 
fetlock of the opposite leg. 

IN-TER-FeR'ING, n. Interference.— £p. Butler. 

IN-TER-FeR'ING-LY, adv. By interference. 

IN-TERTLU-ENT, \ a. [L. interfluo.] Flowing between.— 

IN-TER'FLU-OUS, 5 Boyle. 

IN-TER-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. inter and folium.] Being 
between opposite leaves, but placed alternately with them. 

IN-TER-Fo'LI-ITE, v. t. To interleave.— Evelyn. 



IN-TER-FUL'GENT. a. |L. inter and fulgens.] Shining Ob 
tween. — Johnson. 

INTER-FuSED' (in-ter-fuzd 7 ), a. [L. interfusus.] Poured 
or spread between. — Milton. 

IN'TER-IM, n. [L.] 1. The mean time ; time intervening.- 
2. In history, a decree, issued as a temporary measure, by 
the Emperor Charles V. of Germany, designed to reduce 
to harmony the conflicting opinions of the Protestants and 
Roman Catholics. — Brande. 

IN-TE'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Internal ; being within any limits, 
inclosure, or substance ; inner ; opposed to exterior. 2. In- 
land ; remote from the limits, frontier, or shore. 

IN-TE'RI-OR, n. 1. The internal part of a thing ; the inside. 
2. The inland part of a country, state, or kingdom. 

IN-TE'RI-OR-LY, adv. Internally ; inwardly.— Donne. 

IN-TER-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. interjacens.] 1. A lying between , 
a being between; intervention. 2. That which lies be- 
tween ; [little used.] 

INTER-Ja'CENT, a. [L. interjacens.] Lying or being be- 
tween ; intervening. — Raleigh. 

IN-TER-JECT, v. t. [L. interjicio.] To throw between ; to 
throw in between other things ; to insert. 

IN-TER-JECT'ED, pp. Thrown in or inserted between. 

IN-TER-JECT'ING, ppr. Throwing or inserting between. 

INTERJECTION, n. 1. The act of throwing between. 
2. A word in speaking or writing, thrown in between 
words connected in construction, to express some emo- 
tion or passion. See Exclamation. 

IN-TER-JEC'TION-AL, a. Thrown in between other words 
or phrases. — Observer. 

IN-TER-JOIN', v. t. To join mutually ; to intermarry. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

IN-TER- JOINED', pp. Mutually joined. 

IN-TER-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining mutually. 

INTER-JOIST, n. The space or interval between two 
joists. — Gwilt. 

IN-TER-JUNCTION, n, A mutual joining.— Smart. 

IN-TER-KNIT' (-nif), v. t. To knit together.— Southey. 

IN-TER-KNSWL'EDGE, n. Mutual knowledge. [Ran.) 

IN-TER-LaCE', v. t. [Fr. entrelacer.] To intermix; to put 
or insert^ one thing with another. 

INTER-LaCED' (in-ter-lasf), pp. Intermixed ; inserted 
between other things. 

IN-TER-LaCE'MENT, n. Intermixture or insertion within. 

IN-TER-L ICING, ppr. Intermixing ; inserting between. 

IN-TER-LAM'IN-a-TED, a. [L. inter and lamina.] Placed 
between laminae or plates ; inclosed by laminse. — Humble. 

IN-TER-LAPSE' (in-ter-lapsO, n. The lapse or flow of time 
between two events. 

INTER-LARD', v. t. [Fr. entrelarder.] 1. Primarily, to mix 
fat with lean ; hence, to interpose ; to insert between. 
2. To mix ; to diversify by mixture. — Hale. 

IN-TER-LaRD'ED, pp. Interposed ; inserted between , 
mixed. 

IN-TER-L aRD'ING, ppr. Inserting between ; intermixing. 

IN-TER-LaY', v. t. To lay or place among or between. 

INTER-LeAF, n. A leal' inserted between other leaves ; a 
blank leaf inserted. — Chesterfield. 

IN-TER-LeAVE', v. t. To insert a leaf; to insert a blank 
leaf or blank leaves in a book, between other leaves. 

IN-TER-LEAV.ED' (in-ter-leevd'), pp. or a. Inserted be- 
tween leaves, or having blank leaves inserted between 
other leaves. 

IN-TER-LeAV'ING, ppr. Inserting blank leaves between 
other leaves. 

INTER-LINE', v. t. 1. To write in alternate lines. 2. To 
write between lines already wiitten or printed. 

IN-TER-LIN'E-AR, \a. Written between lines before 

IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, J written or printed. 

IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, n. A book having insertions between 
the leaves. — Milton. 

IN-TER-LIN-E-aTION, n. [inter and lineation.] 1. The act 
of inserting words or lines between lines before written 
or printed. 2. The words, passage, or line inserted be- 
tween lines before written or printed. 

IN-TER-LIN.E.D' <in-ter-llnd'), pp. or a. 1. Written between 
lines. 2. Containing a line or lines written between lines. 

INTER-LlNlNG, ppr. Writing between fines already writ- 
ten or printed. 

IN-TER-LlN'ING, n. Correction or alteration by writing 
between the lines. — Burnet. 

IN-TER-LINK', v. t. To connect by uniting links ; to join 
one chain to another. — Dryden. 

INTER-LINKED' (in-ter-linkr), pp. Connected by union 
of links ; joined. 

INTER-LINKING, #pr. Connectingbyunitinglinks ; joining. 

INTER-LOB'U-LAR, a. Being between lobes.— Hall. 

INTER-LO-C ITION, n. A placing between ; interposition. 

INTER-LOCK, v. i. To embrace, communicate with, or 
flow into one another. 

IN-TER-LO-CU'TION, n. [L. interlocutio.] 1. Dialogue, 
conference; interchange of speech.— 2. in law, an inter 
mediate act or decree before final decision. 



* See Synopsis. A, I, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



INT 



553 



INT 



LN-TER-LOCU-TOR, n. [L. interloquor.] 1. One who 
epeaks in dialogue ; a dialogist. — 2. In Scots law, an inter- 
locutory judgment or sentence. 
IN-TER-LOC'U-TO-RY, a. [Fr. interlocutoire.] 1. Consist- 
ing of dialogue. — 2. In law, intermediate ; not final or de- 
finitive ; as, an interlocutory decision, i. e., one given on 
some point in the progress of a cause, without deciding 
the final jssue. 
IN-TER-LoPE', v. i. [inter, and D. loopen.] To run between 
parties, and intercept without right the advantage that one 
should gain from the other; to traffic without a proper 
license ; to forestall ; to prevent right. 
IN-TER-LoP'ER, n. One who runs into business to which 
he has no right ; one who interferes wrongfully ; one who 
enters a country or place to trade without license ; an in- 
truder. 
IN-TER-LoP'ING, ppr. Interfering wrongfully. 
f IN-TER-Lu'€aTE, v. t. To let in light by cutting away 

branches of trees. 
IN-TER-Lu'€l-TED, pp. Divested of branches, so as to let 

in light. _ 
IN-TER-Lu'€I-TING, ppr. Letting in fight by cutting away 

branches, 
t LN-TER-LU-Ca'TION, n. The act of thinning a wood to 

let in light.— Evelyn. 
IN-TER-LU'CENT, a. [L. interlucens.] Shining between. 
IN'TER-LuDE, n. [L. inter and ludus.] An entertainment 
exhibited on the stage, between the acts of a play, or be- 
tween the play and the after-piece. — In ancient tragedy, 
the chorus sung the interludes. 
INTER-LuD-ED, a. Inserted, or made as an interlude. 
INTER-LuD-ER, n. One who performs in an interlude. 
LN-TER-Lu'EN-CY, n. [L. interluens.] A flowing between ; 

water interposed. — Hale. [Little used.] 
IN-TER-Lu'NAR, la. [L. inter and luna.] Belonging to 
IN-TER-Lu'NA-RY, j the time when the moon, at or near 

its conjunction with the sun, is invisible. — Milton. 
IN-TER-MAR'RIAgE (in-ter-mar'ridje), n. Marriage be- 
tween two families, where each takes one and gives an- 
other. — Addison. 
LN-TER-MAR'RLED (-mar'rid), pp. Mutually connected by 

marriage. 
LN-TER-MAR'RY, v. i. 1. To marry one and give another 
in marriage, as two families. 2. To marry some of each 
order, family, tribe, or nation with the other. 
IN-TER-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Mutually giving and receiving 

in marriage ; mutually connecting by marriage. 
IN-TER-MAX'IL-LA-RY, a. Being between the cheek bones. 
ITN'TER-MeAN, n. [inter and mean.} Interact; something 

done in the mean time. — Todd. 
f IN-TER-ME-A'TION, n. A flowing between. 
IN-TER-MED'DLE, v. i. To meddle in the affairs of others ; 
to meddle officiously ; to interpose or interfere improperly. 
IN-TER-MED'DL£D, pp. Intruded. 
IN-TER-MED'DLER, n. One who interposes officiously ; 

one who intermeddles. — Swift. 
W-TER-MED'DLING, ppr. Interposing officiously. 
IN-TER-MED'DLING, n. Officious interposition. 
IN-TER-MEVE' (-made'), V [It] n. An interlude ; a short 
TN-TER-MEZ'ZO (-med'zo).) musical dramatic piece, us- 
ually of a burlesque character. 
IN-TER-ME'DI-A-CY, n. Interposition ; intervention. [Un- 
authorized.] 
IN-TER-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. inter and medius.] Lying between ; 

intervening ; intervenient — Evelyn. 
IN-TER-MeT)I-A-RY, a. 1. Lying between ; intermediate ; 
as, an intermediary prospect. — Wade. [Sometimes, though 
rarely, used as a noun.] — 2. In mineralogy, a term applied 
to the secondary planes on crystals, intermediate in posi- 
tion between the planes on an edge and those on an angle. 
IN-TER-MeDI-ATE, a. [Fr. intermedial.] Lying or being 
in the middle place or degree between two extremes ; in- 
tervening; interposed. 
IN-TER-Me'DI-ATE-LY, adv. By way of intervention. 
IN-TER-ME-DI-a'TION, n. Intervention ; common means. 
IN-TER-Me'DI-UM, n. 1. Intermediate space.— Ash. 2. An 

intervening agent. — Cowper. 
t IN-TER-MELL', v. t. or i. [Fr. entremeler.] To intermix 

or intermeddle. — Fislier. 

IN-TER'MENT, n. The act of depositing a dead body in the 

earth. — Syn. Burial ; burying ; inhumation ; sepulture ; 

funeral. 

t IN-TER-MEN'TION, v. t. To mention among other things. 

[N-TER-MI-Ca'TION, n. [L. intermico.] A shining between 

or among. 
CN-TER-MI-GRI'TION, n. Reciprocal migration ; removal 

from one country to another. 
IN-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. [L. in and terminus.] Admitting no 
limit. Milton applies it to the Deity, as one whom no bound 
can confine.— Syn. Boundless ; endless ; limitless ; illimit- 
able ; immeasurable ; infinite ; unbounded ; unlimited. 
IN-TERMTN-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being interminable ; 
endlessness. 



IN-TERMTN-A-BLY, adv. Without end or limit. 
IN-TERM'IN-ATE, a. [L. interminatus.] Unbounded , a«* 

limited; endless. — Chapman. 
t IN-TERMTN-aTE, v. t. [L. interminor.] To menace. 
IN-TERM-IN-a'TION, n. [L. interminor.] A menace or 

threat.— Hall. 
IN-TER-MIN"GLE, v. t. To mingle or mix together ; to p*S 

some things with others.— Hooker. 
IN-TER-MIN"GLE, v. i. To be mixed or incorporated 
IN-TER-MIN"GLjED, pp. or a. Intermixed.— Pope. 
IN-TER-MIN"GLING, ppr. Mingling or mixing together. 
IN-TER-MIS'SION, n. [L. intermissio.] 1. Cessation for a 
time ; intermediate or temporary discontinuance. 2. In- 
tervenient time. — Shah. 3^ The temporary cessation o* 
subsidence of a fever; the space of time between the 
paroxysms of a disease. Intermission is an entire cesso 
tion, as distinguished from remission or abatement of dis 
ease. 4. The state of being neglected ; disuse, as of words . 
[little used.] — Syn. Interruption ; interval ; pause ; stop , 
rest. 
IN-TER-MIS'SlVE, a. Coming by fits or after temporary 

cessations ; not continual. — Howell. 
IN-TER-MIT, v. t. [L. intermitto.] To cause to cease for .1 

time ; to interrupt ; to suspend. 
IN-TER-MIT', v. i. To cease for a time ; to go off at inter 

vals, as a fever. 
IN-TER-MITTED, pp. or a. Caused to cease for a time 
IN-TER-MITTENT, a. Ceasing at intervals. 
IN-TER-MIT'TENT, n. A term applied to any disease thai 
entirely ceases at certain intervals, and then returns again , 
but particularly applied to the ague and fever. 
IN-TER-MITTING, ppr. or a. 1. Ceasing for a time ; pave 

ing. 2. Causing to cease. 
IN-TER-MIT'TING-LY, adv. With intermissions. 
IN-TER-MIX', v. t. To mix together ; to put some thingf 

with others ; to intermingle. — Milton. 
IN-TER-MIX', v. i. To be mixed together ; to be inter 

mingled. 
IN-TER-MIX.ED' (in-ter-mixf), pp. Mingled together. 
IN-TER-MIX'ING, ppr. Intermingling. 
IN-TER-MIXTURE, n. 1. A mass formed by mixture ; t 
mass of ingredients mixed. 2. Admixture ; something 
additional mingled in a mass. 
IN-TER-MO-DIL'LION (-mo-dil'yun), n. In architecture, tin 

space between two modillions. — Elmes. 
IN-TER-MONT'ANE, a. Between mountains. 
IN-TER-MUN'DANE, a. [L. inter and mundanus.] Beinf 

between worlds, or between orb and orb. 
IN-TER-Mu'RAL, a. Lying between walls. — Ainsworth 
IN-TER-MUS'-GU-LAR, a. Between the muscles. 
IN-TER-MU-TI'TION, n. Interchange ; mutual change. 
IN-TER-Mu'TU-AL, for mutual, is an illegitimate word. 
IN-TERN', a. Internal.— flowed. [Not much used.] 
IN-TERN'AL, a. [L. internus.] 1. Inward ; interior ; beinfi 
within any limit or surface ; not external. 2. Pertaininp 
to the heart. 3. Intrinsic ; real ; as, internal rectitude o< 
actions. — Rogers. 4. Within a country; domestic; op 
posed to foreign ; as, internal improvements. 
IN-TERN'AL-LY, adv. 1. Inwardly ; within the body ; be 
neath the surface. 2. Mentally ; intellectually. 3. Spirit 
ually. 
IN-TER-NI'TION-AL, [See * National.] a. [inter and na- 
tional.] Existing and regulating the mutual intercourst 
between_different nations. — Baring. 
IN-TER-Ne'CiNE, a. [h. inter necinus.] Deadly. [Unusual] 
IN-TER-Ne'CION (-ter-ne'shun), n. [L. internecio.] Murun 

slaughter or destruction. — Hale. [Little used.] 
IN-TER-Ne'CiVE, a. Killing ; tending to kill— Carlisle. 
IN-TER-NEC'TION, n. Connection.— W. Montagu. [Bad: 
IN'TER-NODE, n. [L. internodium.] 1. In botany, the spac< 
between two joints of a plant. — Martyn. 2. Also, th( 
space between two points of the stem from which th< 
leaves arise. — Lindley. 
IN-TER-No'DI-AL, a. Intervening between nodes, joints, &c 
IN'TER NoS. [L.] Between ourselves. 
IN-TER-NUN'CIO, \n. [L. internuncio.] 1. A messenger 
IN-TER-NUN'CIUS, $ between two parties.— Johnson. ? 
The title of the pope's representative at republics and smai 
courts ; and, also, of the Austrian embassador at Consta© 
tinople. — Encyc. Am. 
IN-TER-OS'SE-AL, \a. [L. inter and os.] Situated betwee; 
IN-TER-OS'SE-OUS, 5 bones. 
tIN-TER-PEAL', v. t. [L. interpello.] To interrupt 
t IN-TER-PEL', v. t. To set forth. — Ben Jonson. 
IN-TER-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. interpellation 1. A summons 
a citation. 2. Interruption. 3. An earnest address; is 
tercession. 
IN-TER-PEN'E-TRaTE. v. t. To penetrate between otho 

substances. — Shelly. — Bulwer. 
IN-TER-PEN'E-TRa-TED,£j>. Penetrated within or betwee' 
IN-TER-PET'I-O-LAR, a. Being between petioles. 
IN-TER-PI-LASTER, n. The interval between two pilai 
ters. — Elmes. 



D6VF —BULL. UNITE :— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TTr a3 in this, t Obsolete 



INT 



554 



INT 



£N-TER-PLeAD', v. i. In law, to discuss a point incidental- 
ly happening, before the principal cause can be tried. 

[N-TER-PLeAD'ER, n. A bill of interpleader, in chancery, 
is where a person owes a debt or rent to one of the par- 
ties in suit, but, till the determination of it, he knows not 
to which. 

IN-TER-PLEDGE' (in-ter-plej'), v. t. To give and take as a 
mutual pledge. — Davenant. 

IN-TER-PLED6.ED', pp. Given and taken as a mutual 
pledge. 

IN-TER-PLED&TNG, ppr. Giving and receiving as a mu- 
tual pledge. 

[N-TER-POINT', v. I. To point ; to distinguish by stops. 

IN-TER-POINT'ED, pp. Distinguished by stops or marks. 

IN-TER-POINTTNG, ppr. Distinguishing by stops or marks. 

* IN'TER-PO-LaTE or IN-TER'PO-LaTE, v. t. [Fr. inter- 
poler; L. interpolo.] 1. To renew; to begin again; to 
carry on with intermission ; [obs.] 2. To foist in ; to in- 
sert, as a spurious word or passage in a manuscript or 
book ; to add a spurious word or passage to the original. — 
3. In algebra and astronomy, to fill up intermediate terms 
of a series according to the law of the series. 

* INTER-PO-La-TED or IN-TER'PO-La-TED, pp. or a. In- 

serted or added to'the original. 

■ INTER-PO-LI-TING or IN-TERTO-La-TING, ppr. Foist- 
ing in what is spurious ; filling up or inserting. 

IN-TER-PO-La'TION, n. 1. The act of foisting a word or 
passage into a manuscript or book. 2. A spmious word 
or passage inserted in the genuine writings of an author. — 

3. In algebra and astronomy, a method employed for filling 
up the intermediate terms of a series of numbers or 
observations, by numbers which follow the same law. — 
Brande. 

* INTER-PO-La-TOR or IN-TER'PO-La-TOR, n. [L.] 
One who foists into a book or manuscript spui-ious 
words or passages ; one who adds something to genuine 
writings. 

1N-TER-POLT3H, v. I. To polish between. 

IN-TER-POL1SH.ED (-pol'isht), pp. Polished between. 

IN-TER-POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing between. 

f- IN-TER-PoNE', v. t. To set or insert between. 

IN-TER-PoS'AL, n. 1. The act of interposing ; interposi- 
tion ; interference ; agency between two persons. 2. In- 
tervention ; a coming or being between. 

IN-TER-P5SE', v. t. [Fr. intcrposer.] 1. To place between ; 
as, to interpose a body between the sun and the earth. 
2. To place between or among ; to thrust in ; to intrude, 
as an obstruction, interruption, or inconvenience. 3. To 
offer, as aid or services, for relief or the adjustment of dif- 
ferences. 

IN-TER-PoSE', v. i. 1. To step in between parties at vari- 
, ance. 2. To put in by way of interruption.-— Syn. To in- 
tervene ; intercede ; mediate ; interfere ; intermeddle. 

f IN'TER-POSE, n. Interposal.— Spenser. 

IN-TER-P0S.ED' _(in-ter-pozd'), pp. or a. Placed between or 
among ; thrust in. 

IN-TER-PoS'ER, n. One who interposes or comes between 
others ; a mediator or agent between parties. 

IN-T ER-PoSTNG, ppr. Placing between ; coming between ; 
offering aid or services. 

IN-TER-POS'IT, n. A place of deposit between one com- 
mercial city or country and another. — Mitford. 

IN-TER-PO-Sl"TION (-po-zish'un), n. [L. interposition 1. A 
being, placing, or coming between ; intervention. 2. Inter- 
venient agency. 3. Mediation ; intercession ; agency be- 
tween parties. 4. Any thing interposed. 

t IN-TER-PoS'URE, n. Interposal.— Montague. 

IN-TER'PRET, v. t. [Fr. interpreter; L. interpreter.] 1. To 
explain the meaning of words to a person who does not 
understand them ; to expound ; to translate unintelligible 
words into intelligible ones ; to construe. 2. To explain 

* or unfold the meaning of predictions, visions, dreams, or 
enigmas ; to expound ; to elucidate. 3. To decipher. 

4. To explain something not understood. 5. To define ; 
to explain words by other words in the same language. 

IN-TER'PRET- A-BLE. a. That may be interpreted. 

IN-TER-PRET-A'TION, n. [L. interpretation 1. The act of 
interpreting ; explanation of unintelligible words in lan- 
guage that is intelligible. 2. The act of expounding or 
unfolding what is not understood or not obvious. 3. The 
sense given by an interpreter ; exposition. 4. The power 
of explaining. 

IN-TER'PRET-A-TlVE, a. 1. Collected or known by inter- 
pretation. 2. Containing explanation. 

IN-TER'PRET-A-TlVE-LY, adv. As may be collected by 
interpretation. — Ray. 

IN-TER'PRET-ED, pp. Explained; expounded. 

IN-TER'PRET-ER, n. 1. One who explains or expounds ; 
an expositor. 2. A translator. 

IN-TER'PRET-ING, ppr. Explaining ; expounding ; trans- 
lating. 

IN-TER-PUNC'TION, n. [L. interpunctio.] The making of 
points between sentences or parts of a sentence. [Rare.] 



IN-TER-RE-CEIVE', v. t. To receive between or within.— 
Carlisle. 

IN-TERR£D', pp. Buried. 

IN-TER-REG'NUM, n. [L. inter and regnum.] The time in 
which a throne is vacant, between the death or abdication 
of a king and the accession of his successor. 

IN-TER-REIGN' (in-ter-rane'), n. An interregnum, or va- 
cancy of the throne. — Bacon. 

IN-TER'RER, n. One who inters or buries. 

IN'TER-REX, n. [L. inter and rex.] A regent ; a magistf ato 
who governs during an interregnum. 

IN-TER'RING, ,_ppr. Burying. 

IN-TER'RO-GaTE, v. t. [Fr. interroger ; L. interrogo.] To 
question ; to exambie by asking questions. 

IN-TER'RO-GaTE, v. i. To ask questions.— Bacon. 

IN-TER'RO-Ga-TED, pp. Examined by questions. 

IN-TER'RO-Ga-TING, ppr. Asking questions of one ; ex 
amining by questions. 

IN-TER-RO-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of questioning ; ex 
animation by questions. 2. A question put; inquiry. 3 
A note that marks a question, thus (?). 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. interrogatif.] Denoting a 
question ; expressed in the form of a question. 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TlVE, n. A word used in asking ques- 
tions ; as, who ? what ? 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TlVE-LY, adv. In the form of a question. 

IN-TER'RO-Ga-TOR, n. One who asks questions. 

IN-TER-ROGA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. inter rogato ire.] A question 
or inquiry. — In law, a particular question to a witnesa 
who is to answer it under the solemnities of an oath. 

IN-TER-ROGA-TO-RY, a. Containing a question ; express- 
ing a question. 

IN TER-Ro'REM. [L.] For a terror or warning. 

IN-TER-RUPT, v. t. [L. intemiptus.] 1. To stop or hinder 
by breaking in upon the course or progress of any thing ; 
to break the current or motion of. 2. To divide; to sep- 
arate ; to break continuity or a continued series. 

IN-TER-RUPT, a. Broken ; containing a chasm. 

IN-TER-RUPTED, pp. 1. Stopped ; hindered from pro 
ceeding. 2. a. Broken ; intermitted. — 3. In botany, a term 
used when any symmetrical arrangement is destroyed by 
local causes. — Lindley. 

IN-TER-RUPT'ED-LY. adv. With breaks or interruptions. 

IN-TER-RUPT'ER, n. One who interrupts. 

IN-TER-RUPTING, ppr. Hindering by breaking in upon. 

IN-TER-RUP'TION, n. [L. interruption 1. The act of in- 
terrupting or breaking in upon progression. 2. Breach oi 
any thing extended; interposition. 3. Intervention; in 
terposition, as of time. — Dryden. 4. Stop ; hinderance ; 
obstruction caused by breaking in upon any course, cur- 
rent, progress, or motion. 5. Stop ; cessation ; intermis- 
sion. 

IN-TER-RUPT'lVE, a. Tending to interrupt. 

IN-TER-RUPTIVE-LY, adv. By interruption. 

IN-TER-SGAPtJ-LAR, a. [L. inter and scapula.] Situated 
between the shoulder-blades. 

IN-TER-SCIND', v. t. [L. inter and scindo.] To cut off. 

IN-TER-SCIND'ED, pp. Cut off. 

IN-TER-SCIND'ING, ppr. Cutting off. 

IN-TER-SCRlBE', v. t. To write between.— Diet 

IN-TER-SCRlB ED', pp. Written between. 

IN-TER-S€RlB'ING, ppr- Writing between. 

IN-TER-Se'€ANT, a. [L. intersecans.] Dividing Into parts 
crossing. — Diet. 

IN-TER-SECT', v. t. [L. inter seco.] To cut or cioss mutual- 
ly ; to divide into parts. 

IN-TER-SECT, v. i. To meet and cross each other. 

IN-TER-SECT'ED, pp. Cut or divided into parts ; crossed 

IN-TER-SECTING, ppr- Cutting ; crossing, as lines. 

IN-TER-SEC'TION, n. [L. intersection 1. The act or state 
of intersecting. 2. The point or line in which two lines or 
two planes cuteach other. 

IN-TER-SEM'I-NaTE, v. t. [L. inter seminatus.] To sow be- 
tween or among. [Little used.] 

IN-TER-SERT, v. t. [L. intersero.] To set or put in be- 
tween other things. — Brerewood. 

IN-TER-SERT'ED,£p. Put in between other things. 

IN-TER-SERTING, ppr. Putting in between other things. 

IN-TER-SER'TION, n. An insertion, or thing inserted be 
tween other things. — Hammond. 

IN'TER-SPaCE, n. A space between other things.— Hacket 

IN-TER-SPERSE' (in-ter-spers'), v. t. [L. interspersus.] To 
scatter or set here and there among other things. 

IN-TER-SPERS.ED' (in-ter-sperst), pp. Scattered or situa- 
ted here and there among other things. 

IN-TER-SPERS'ING, ppr. Scattering here and there among 
other things. 

IN-TER-SPER'SION, n. The act of scattering or setting 
here and there among other things. 

IN-TER-STEL'LAR, \a. [L.internnd Stella.] Situated bc- 

IN-TER-STEL'LA-RY, 5 yond the solar -system, or among 

* IN'TER-STlCE or IN-TER'STlCE, n. [Fr., from L. inter- 



See. Stjnopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, If, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



INT 



555 



INT 



stitium.} 1. A space between things ; but chiefly, a nar- 
row or small space between things closely set, or the parts 
which compose a body. 2. Time between one act and 
another. — Ayliffe. 
IN-TER-STrNCTIVE, a. Distinguishing.— Wallis. 

[N-TER-STi"TIAL (-stish'al), a. Pertaining to or containing 
interstices. 

LN-TER-STRATT-Fl£D (-strafe-fide), a. Stratified among 
or between other bodies. — Encyc. 
IN-TER-TALK' (in-ter-tawk'), v. i. To exchange conver- 
sation. 

IN-TER-TAN"GLE, v. t. To intertwist ; to entangle. 

IN-TER-TEX'TURE, n. [L. intertextus.] The act of inter- 
weaving, or the state of things interwoven. 

[NTER-TlE, In. In carpentry, a short, horizontal tim- 

INTER-DUCE, 5 ber, framed between two posts in order 
to tie them together .—Brande. 

IN-TER-TIS'SUED, a. Wrought with joint tissue.— Everest. 

LN-TER-TRAN-SPICU-OUS, a. Transpicuous within or be- 
tween. 

LN-TER-TROP'I€-AL, a. Situated between the tropics. 

IN-TER-TWiNE', v. t. To unite by twining or twisting one 
with another. — Milton. 

IN-TER-TWiNED' (in-ter-twind'), pp. Twined or twisted 
one with another. 

IN-TER-TWIN'ING, ppr. Twining one with another. 

LN-TER-TWlN'ING-LY, adv. By intertwining or being in- 
tertwined. 

1N-TER- TWIST', v. t. To twist one with another. 

IN- TER- TWISTED, pp. Twisted one with another. 

1N-TER-TWISTTNG, ppr. Twisting one with another. 

LN-TER-TWI8TING-LY, adv. By intertwisting or being in- 
tertwisted. 

IN'TER-VAL, n. [Fr. intervalle; L.intervallum.] 1. A space 
between things ; a void space intervening between any 
two objects. 2. Space of time between any two points or 
events. 3. The space of time between two paroxysms of 
disease, pain, or delirium ; remission. 4. The distance 
between two given sounds in music, or the difference in 
point of gravity or acuteness. 5. A tract of low or plain 
ground between hills, or along the banks of rivers, usually 
alluvial land on rivers.— Hutchinson. 

IN- TER- VEINED' (-vand"), a. Intersected as with veins. 

IN-TER-VeNE', v. i. [L. i?itervenio.] 1. To come or be be- 
tween persons or things ; to be situated between. 2. To 
come between points of time or events. 3. To happen in 
a way to disturb, cross, or interrupt. 4. To interpose or 
undertakevoluntarily for another. 

f IN-TER-VeNE', n. A coming between ; intervention. — 
Wotton. 

IN-TER-VeN'IENT, a. Coming or being between ; inter- 
ceded ; interposed. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

IN-TER-VENTNG,*£pr. or a. Coming or being between per- 
sons or thins:, or between points of time ; intermediate. 

IN-TER-VEN'tlON, n. [L. intervention 1. A state of coming 
or being between; interposition. 2. Agency of persons 
between persons ; interposition ; mediation ; any inter- 
ference that may affect the interests of others. 3. Agen- 
cy of means or instruments. 4. Interposition in favor of 
another ; a voluntary undertaking of one party for an- 
other. 

IN-TER-VENTOR, n. [L.] A person selected anciently by 
a church to mediate in differences, and unite contending 
parties. 

t IN-TER- VENUE, n. [Fr. intervenu.] Interposition. 

IN-TER-VERT, v. t. [L. interverto.] To turn to another 
course or to another use. — Wotton. [Little used.] 

IN-TER-VER'TE-BRAL, a. Being between the vertebras. 

INTER- VIEW (in'ter-vu), n. [inter and view.] A mutual 
sight or view ; a meeting ; a conference or mutual com- 
munication of thoughts. 

IN-TER-VIS'I-BLE, a. In surveying', an epithet applied to 
stations which are mutually visible, or can be seen the 
one from the other. 

IN-TER-VOLVE' (in-ter-volV), v. t. [L. intervolvo.] To in- 
volve one within another. — Milton. 

IN-TER-VOLVED' (in-ter-volvd'), pp. Involved one within 
another ; wrapped together. 

IN-TER-VOLV'ING, ppr. Involving one within another. 

IN-TER-WeAVE', v. t. ; pret. interwove ; pp. interwoven. 1. 
To weave together ; to intermix or unite in texture or 
construction. 2. To intermix ; to set among or together. 
3. To intermingle ; to insert together. 

IN-TER-WEAV1NG, ppr. Weaving together. 

IN-TER-WeAV'ING, n. Intertexture.— Milton. 
IN-TER-WISH', v. t. To wish mutually to each other. 

[Little used.] 
EN-TER- WISHED' (-wishf), pp. Wished mutually. 
IN-TER-WoRKTNG, n. The act of working together. 
LN-TER-W5 VE', pret. of interweave. Milton uses it for inter- 
woven. 
IN-TER-W0V.EN, pp. or a. Woven together ; intermixed ; 
intermingled. 



IN-TER-WReATHED' (in-ter-reefhd'), a. W< ven into b 

wreath. 

IN-TESTA-BLE, a. [L. intestabilis.] Not capable of making 
a will ; legally unqualified or disqualified to make a testa- 
ment. 

IN-TEST'A-CY, n. The state of dying without making t 
will or disposing of one's effects. 

IN-TEST'ATE, a. [Fr. intestat ; L. intestatus.] 1. Dying 
without having made a will. 2. Not devised ; not dis- 
posed of by will. » 

IN-TEST'ATE, n. A person who dies without making a 
will. — Blackstone. 

IN-TES'TIN-AL, a. Pertaining to the intestines of an animal 
b dy . — A rb u thn ot. 

IN-TES-TIN-1'LI-A, n. pi. A class of animals which infest 
the interior of the bodies, and especially the intestinal 
canal of other animals. — Brande. 

LN-TES'TlNE, a. [Fr. intestm ; L. intestinus.] 1. Internal , 
inward ; opposed to external ; [applied to the human or 
other animal body.] 2. Internal with regard to a state or 
country ; domestic, not foreign ; as, intestine feuds. This 
word is usually or always applied to evils. 

IN-TES'TINE, n. ; usually in the plural, Intestines. The 
bowels ; a muscular canal or tube extending from the 
stomach to the anus. 

IN-TEX'Tt T RED, a. Inwrought; woven in. 

t IN-THiRST' (-thursf ), v. t. To make thirsty.— Bp. Hall. 

IN-THRALL', v. t. [in and thrall] To enslave ; to reduce 
to bondage or servitude ; to shackle. 

IN-THRALLED' (in-thrawld'), pp. or a. Enslaved ; reduced 
to servitude. 

IN-THRALL'ING, ppr. Enslaving. 

IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Servitude ; slavery ; bondage.— 
Milton. 

IN-THRoNE', v. t. 1. To seat on a throne ; to raise to roy- 
alty or supreme dominion. [See Enthrone.] 2. To in- 
duct a bishop into a vacant see. 

t IN-THRoN-I-Zl'TION, n. The act of enthroning, or state 
of being enthroned. 

t IN-THRoN'lZE, v. t. To enthrone. 

IN'TI-MA-CY, 72. Close familiarity or fellowship ; nearness 
in friendship. — Rogers. 

IN'TI-MATE, a. [L. intimus.] 1. Inmost; inward; internal. 
2. Near ; close. 3. Close in friendship or acquaintance ; 
familiar. 

IN'TI-MATE, n. A familiar friend or associate ; one to 
whom the thoughts of another are intrusted without re- 
serve. 

t IN'TI-MITE, v. i. To share together.— Spenser. 

IN'TI-MaTE, v. t. [Fr. intimer.] To hint ; to suggest ob- 
scurely, indirectly, or not very plainly ; to give slight no- 
tice of. 

IN'TI-Ma-TED, pp. Hinted ; slightly mentioned or signified. 

IN'TI-MATE-LY, adv. 1. Closely ; with close intermixture 
and union of parts. 2. Closely ; with nearness of friend- 
ship or alliance. 3. Familiarly ; particularly. 

IN'TI-MI-TING.jpr. Hinting; suggesting. 

IN-TI-Ml'TION, n. [Fr.] Hint ; an obscure or indirect sug- 
gestion or notice ; a declaration or remark communicating 
imperfect information. 

t LN'TlME, a. [L. intimus.] Inward ; internal.— Digby. 

IN-TIM'I-DaTE, v. t. [Fr. intimider.] To make fearful ; to 
inspire with fear. — Syn. To dishearten ; dispirit ; abash 
deter; frighten; terrify. 

IN-TIM'I-Da-TED, pp. Made fearful ; abashed. 

IN-TIM'I-Da-TING, ppr. Making fearful ; abashing. 

IN-TIM-I-Da'TION, n. The act of making fearful ; the state 
of being abashed. 

IN-TINC-TIV'I-TY, n. The want of the quality of coloring 
or tinging other bodies. — Kirwan. 

IN-TIRE'LY \ See Entike and its derivatives. 

IN-Tl'TLE. ' See Entitle. 

INTO, prep, [in and to.] 1. Noting entrance or a passing 
from the outside of a thing to its interior parts. It tollows 
verbs expressing motion; as, to go into a house. 2. Not- 
ing penetration bevond the outside or surface, or access to 
it; as, to see into a subject. 3. Noting insertion; as, to 
put a leaf into a book. 4. Noting mixture ; as, to put sev- 
eral things into composition. 5. Noting inclusion ; as, to 
put a thought into language. 6. Noting the passing of a 
thing from one form or state to another ; as, to be led into 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. intoleraiilis.] 1. Not to 
be borne ; that can not be endured ; insupportable. 2. In 
sufferable ; not to be allowed. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being not tol 
erable or sufferable. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance. 

IN-TOL'ER-ANCE, n. 1. Want of capacity to endure.— 
Brande. 2. Want of toleration; the not enduring at all, 
or not suffering to exist without persecution. 

IN-TOL'ER-ANT. a. [Fr.] 1. Not enduring ; not able to en 



DOVE ;— BULT UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cil as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



INT 



556 



INT 



uure. 2 Not enduring difference of opinion or worship ; 
refusing to tolerate others. 

{N-TOL'ER-ANT, n. One who does not favor toleration. 

rN-TOL'ER-ANT-LY, adv. In an intolerant manner. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-TED, a. Not endured ; not tolerated. 

IN-TOL-ER-X'TION, n. Intolerance ; refusal to tolerate 
others in their opinions or worship. 

LN-ToMB' (in-toom'), v. t. To deposit in a tomb ; to bury. 

LN-ToMB£D' (in-toomd'), pp. or a. Deposited in a tomb ; 
buried. 

IN-ToMBTNG (in-toom'ing), ppr. Depositing in a tomb. 

INTO-NaTE, «. i. [L. intonatus.] 1. To sound ; to sound 
the notes of the musical scale. 2. To thunder. 

[N-TO-Na'TION, n. 1. In music, the action of sounding the 
notes of the scale with the voice, or any other given order 
of musical tones. 2. The manner of sounding or tuning 
the notes of a musical scale. — 3. In speaking, the modula- 
tion of the voice in expression. 

[N-ToNE', v. i. [L. intono.] To utter a sound, or a deep, 
protracted sound.— Pope. 

IN-TOR'SION, n. [L. intorsum.] A winding, bending, or 
twisting in any particular direction. — In botany, the bend- 
ing or twining of any part of a plant out of a vertical di- 
rection. 

1N-TORT', v.t. [L. intortus.] To twist; to wreath; to wind; 
to wring. — Pope. 

IN-TORTED, pp. Twisted ; made winding.— Pope. 

IN-TORTING, ppr. Winding; twisting. 

IN To'TO. [L.] Wholly; entirely. 

[N-TOX'I-€aTE, v. t. [in and L. toxicum.) 1. To inebri- 
ate ; to make drunk, as with spirituous hquor. 2. To ex- 
cite the spirits to a kind of delirium ; to elate to enthusi- 
asm, frenzy, or madness ; to infatuate. 

lN-TOX'I-€ATE, a. Inebriated.— J. Montgomery. 

IN-TOX'I-€a-TED, pp. or a. Inebriated ; made drunk ; ex- 
cited to frenzy. 

IN-TOX'I-€a-TED-NESS, n. State of intoxication. 

IN-TOX'I-€a-TING, ppr. 1. Inebriating ; elating to excess 
or frenzy. 2. a. Having qualities that produce inebriation. 

LN-TOX-I-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of making drunk; the 
state of being drank ; an extraordinary exhilaration, with 
imperfect articulation and inability to regulate voluntary 
motion. — 2. Figuratively, a high excitement of mind ; an 
elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness. — 
Syn. Inebriation ; inebriety ; ebriety ; drunkenness ; in- 
fatuation; delirium. 

[N-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. [L. intractabilis.] 1. Not to be gov- 
erned or managed. 2. Not to be taught. — Syn. Stubborn ; 
perverse : obstinate ; refractory ; cross ; unmanageable ; 
unruly ; headstrong ; violent ; ungovernable ; indocile ; 
un teachable. 

IN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS, \ n. 1. The quality of being un- 

IN-TRA€T-A-BIL'T-TY, 5 governable ; obstinacy ; per- 
verseness. 2. Indocility. 

JN-TRA€T'A-BLY, adv. In a perverse, stubborn manner. 

IN-TRa'DOS, n. The interior and lower line or curve of an 
arch. — Brande. 

IN-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. intra and folium.] In bot- 
any, growing on the inside of a leaf. 

IN-TRaNCE". See Entrance. 

IN-TRAN-QJJIL'L'-TY, n. Unquietness ; want of rest. 

IN-TRAN'SIENT -shent), a. Not transient; not passing 
suddenly away. — Killingbeck. 

IN-TRANS'I-TlVE, a I tntransitivus.] In grammar, an 
intransitive verb is o*., ^hich expresses an action or state 
that is limited to the *g,t;nt, or, in other words, an action 
that does not pas* »*> to. or operate upon, an object. 

rN-TRANS'1-TlVE-L.i *•«, Without an object following ; 
in the manner of an intransitive verb. 

IN TRAN'SJ TU jL.j In passing, or on the way out. 

IN-TRANS-MIS'Si BLE, a. That can not be transmitted.— J. 
P. Smith. 

IN-TRANS-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being 
transmutahle. — Ray. 

IN-TRANS-MO'TA BLE, a. That can not be transmuted or 
changed into another substance. — Ray. 

INTRANT, a. [L. intrans.] Entering; making entrance. 

IN-TReASIJRE (intrezh'ur), v. t. To lay up as in a treas- 
ury.— Shah. [Little used.] 
IN-TRE AT'FUL, a Full of entreaty.—- Spenser. 
lN-TRENCH,'v. t. [in, and Fr. trancher.] 1. To dig or cut 
a trench around a place, as in fortification ; to fortify with 
a ditch and parapet. 2. To furrow ; to make hollows in. 
—To intrench on, literally, to cut into ; hence, to invade ; 
to encroach ; to infringe, 
t IN-TREN CHANT, a. Not to be divided or wounded ; in- 
divisible. — Shah. 
(N-TRENCHED' (in-trenchf), pp. Fortified with a ditch 

and parapet. 
IN-TR.ENCHTNG, ppr. Fortifying with a trench and parapet. 
IN-TRENCH'MENT, n. 1. A trench ; a ditch and parapet 
for defense. Hence, 2. Figuratively, any defense or pro- 
tection. 



IN-TREPTD, a. [h. intrepidus.] Not affected or influenced 
by fear. — Syn. Fearless ; undaunted ; daring ; dauntless •, 
courageous ; bold ; valiant ; brave ; heroic. 

IN-TRE-PED'I-TY, n. [Fr. intrepidite.] Fearlessness ; fear- 
less bravery in danger ; undaunted courage. 

IN-TREP'ID-LY, adv. Without trembling or shrinking from 
danger; fearlessly; daringly; resolutely. 

t INTRI-CA-BLE, a. Entangling.— Shelton. 

IN'TRI-GA-CY, n. The state of being entangled ; perplexity . 
involution ; complication ; complexity. — Addison. 

INTRICATE, a. [L. intricatus.] Entangled ; involved 
perplexed ; complicated ; obscure. 

INTRICATE, v. t. To perplex ; to make obscure. [Ran. , 

IN'TRI-€ ATE-LY, adv. With involution or infoldings , witt 
perplexity or intricacy. — Wotton. 

IN'TRI-CATE-NESS, n. The state of being involved ; invo- 
lution ; complication ; perplexity. — Sidney. 

f IN-TRI-€a'TION, n. Entanglement. 

IN-TRiGUE' (in-treegO, n. [Fr. ; It. intrigo.] 1. A plot or 
scheme of a complicated nature, intended to effect some 
purpose by secret artifices. 2. The plot of a play or ro- 
mance. 3. A secret understanding or commerce of for- 
bidden love between two persons of different sexes. — 
Smart. 4. Intricacy ; complication. — Hale ; [obs.] 

IN-TRiGUE' (in-treegO, v. i. 1. To form a plot or scheme, 
usually complicated, and intended to effect some purpose 
by secret artifices. 2. To carry on a commerce of for- 
bidden love. — Smart. 

t IN-TRiGUE' (in-treeg'), v. t. To perplex or render intricate 

IN-TRiGU'ER (in-treeg'er), n. One who intrigues ; one whc 
forms plots, or pursues an object by secret artifices. 

IN-TRiGUTNG (in-treeglng), ppr. 1. Forming secret plots 
or schemes. 2. a. Addicted to intrigue ; given to secret 
machinations. 

IN-TRlGU'ING-LY (in-treeg'ing-ly), adv. With intrigue 
with artifice or secret machinations. 

tIN-TRINSE-€ATE, a. Entangled; perplexed. 

IN-TRIN'SI€, la. [Fr. intrinsegue; L.intrinsecus.] 1. ln- 

IN-TRIN'SI€-AL, J ward ; internal ; hence, true ; genu- 
ine ; real ; essential ; inherent ; not apparent or accident- 
al. 2. Intimate; closely familiar. — Wotton; [obs.] 

IN-TRIN'SI€-AL-LY, adv. Internally ; in its nature ; really ; 
truly. — South. 

IN-TRO-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. A depression or sinking 
of parts inward.— Smart. 

IN-TRO-DuCE', v. t. [L. introduco.] 1. To lead or bring in , 
to conduct or Tisher into a place. 2. To conduct and make 
known ; to bring to be acquainted. 3. To bring some- 
thing new into notice or practice. 4. To bring in ; to im- 
port, as foreign productions. 5 To produce ; to cause to 
exist.— Locke. 6. To begin ; to open to notice. 7. To bring 
before the public by writing or discourse. 

IN TRO-DuOED' (in-tro-dustf), pp. Led* or conducted in , 
brought in ; made acquainted ; imported. 

TN-TRO-DUC'ER, n. One who introduces ; one who con- 
ducts another to a place or person ; one who makes 
strangers_ known to each other. 

IN-TRO-DuC'ING, ppr. Conducting or bringing in ; making 
known, as one stranger to another; bringing any thing 
into notice or practice. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TION, n. [L. introductio.] 1. The action oi 
conducting or ushering into a place. 2. The act of mak- 
ing persons known to each other. 3. The act of bringing 
into a country. 4. The act of bringing something into no- 
tice, practice, or use. 5. The part of a book which pre- 
cedes the main work ; a preface or preliminary discourse. 
6. The first part of an oration or discourse, in which the 
speaker gives some general account of his design and sub- 
ject, as a preparation for what follows. - 

IN-TRO-DU€'TIVE, a. Serving to introduce ; serving as 
the means to bring forward something. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TlVE-LY, adv. In the way of introducing. 

t IN-TRO-DUC'TOR, n. An introducer. 

1N-TRO-DUCTO-RI-LY, adv. By way of introduction. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TO-RY, a. Serving to introduce something 
else ; previous j prefatory ; preliminary ; preparatory. 

IN-TRO-FLEX.ED' (-flekst), a. Flexed or bent inward. 

t IN-TRO-GRES'SION, n. [L. introgressio.] Entrance. 

IN-TROIT, n. [Fr. ; L. introitus.] In the Roman Catholic 
service, the entrance or beginning of the mass ; a passage of 
Scripture sung when the priest makes his entrance within 
the rails of the altar. — Wheatley. 

IN-TRO-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. [L. intromissus.] 1. The 
action of sending in. — 2. In Scottish law, an intermeddling 
with the effects of another. 

IN-TRO-MIT, v. t. [L. intromitto.] To send in : to let in ; to 
admit. 2. To allow to enter ; to be the medium by whicb 
a thing enters. 
IN-TRO-MIT, v. i. Tn Scottish law, to intermeddle with tbn 

effects of another. 
IN-TRO-MIT'TED, pp. Allowed to enter. 
IN-TRO-MIT'TING, ppr. 1. Admitting. 2. Intermeddling 
with the eftects of another. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X E. 1 &c short —FAR, FALL. WHAT :— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD .-—MOVE, BOOK 



INU 



557 



llsv 



IN-TRO-RE-CEP'TION, n. The act of admitting into or 
within. 

IN-TRO-SPECT, v. t. [L. introspicio.] To look into or with- 
in ; to view the inside. 

IN-TRO-SPEC'TION, n. A view of the inside or interior. 

IN-TRO-S?E€T'lVE, a. Inspecting within. 

\ IN-TRO-SuME', v. t. [L. intro and sumo.] To sink in. 

IN-TRO-SUS-CEPTION, > n. The falling of one part of an 

IN-TU8-SUS-CEP'TION, > intestine into another. 

IN-TRO-VeNTENT, a. [L. intro and veniens.] Coming in 
or between ; entering. — Brown. [Little used.] 

JN-TRO-VER'SION, n. The act of turning inward. 

IN-TRO-VERT, v. t. [L. intro and verto.] To turn inward. 

IN-TRO-VERT'ED, pp. Turned inward.— Cowper. 

IN-TRO-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning inward. 

IN-TRODE', v. i. [L. intrudo.] 1. To thrust one's self in ; to 
come or go in without invitation or welcome. 2. To enter 
or force one's self in without permission. 3. To enter 
uncalled or uninvited, or without just right. — Syn. To en- 
croach ; infringe ; intrench ; trespass ; trench. 

IN-TRuDE', v. t. 1. To thrust one's self in ; or to enter into 
some place without right or welcome. 2. To force or 
cast in ; to obtrude. 

[N-TRUD'ED, pp. or a. 1. Thrust in.— 2. In geology, intru- 
sive, which see. 

IN-TRtJD'EPv., n. One who intrudes ■ one who thrusts him- 
self in, or enters where he has no right or is not welcome. 

IN-TRuD'ING, ppr. Entering without invitation, right, or 
welcome. 

IN-TRu'SION, n. [L. intrusio.] 1. The action of thrusting 
in, or of entering into a place or state without invitation, 
right, or welcome. 2. Encroachment ; entrance without 
right on the property or possessions of another. 3. Volun- 
tary entrance on an undertaking unsuitable for the person. 
— 4. In geology, the penetrating of one rock, while in a 
melted state, into the cavities of other rocks. — Dana. 

IN-TRu'SIVE, a. 1. Thrusting in or entering without right 
or welcome ; apt to intrude. — 2. In geology, an epithet of 
rocks which have been forced, while in a melted state, 
into the cavities or between the layers of other rocks. 

EN-TRu'SlVE-LY, adv. Without welcome or invitation. 

IN-TRu'SIVE-NESS, n. The act of entering without per- 
mission or invitation. 

IN-TRUST, v. t. To deliver in trust ; to confide to the care 
of; to commit to another with confidence in his fidelity. 

IN-TRUST'ED, pp. Delivered in trust ; committed to the 
hands or care of another, in confidence that he will be 
faithful in discharging his duty. 

IN-TRUSTING, ppr. Delivering in trust ; confiding to the 
care of. 

rN-TU-i"TION (in-tu-ish'un), n. [L. intuitus.] A looking on ; 
a sight or view ; especially, the act by which the mind per- 
ceives the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, or the 
truth of things, the moment they are presented. 

IN-Tu'I-TlVE, a. [Sp. and It. intuitivo ; Fr. intuitif.] 1. Per- 
ceived by the mind immediately, without the intervention 
of argument or testimony ; exhibiting truth to the mind 
on bare inspection, as evidence. 2. Received or obtained 
by intuition or simple inspection, as knowledge. 3. See- 
ing clearly. — Hooker. 4. Having the power of discover- 
ing_truth without reasoning. 

IN-Tu'I-TlVE-LY, adv. By immediate perception; without 
reasoning. 

IN-TU-MESCE' (in-tu-mes'), v. i. [L. intumesco.] To swell; 
to enlarge or expand with heat. 

IN-TU-MES'CENCE. n. 1. The action of swelling. 2. A 
swell ; a swelling with bubbles ; a rising and enlarging ; a 
tumid state. 

fIN-Tu'MU-LA-TED, a. [L. intinmdatus.] Unburied. 

IN-TUR-GES'CENCE, n. [L. in and turgesco.] A swelling ; 
the action of swelling or state of being swelled. 

fTNTUSE, n. [L. int?isus.] A bruise.— Spenser. 

IN-TUS-SUS-CEP'TION, n. [L. inlus and susceptus.] The 
reception of one part within another ; applied to the re- 
ception of a contracted part into a part not contracted. 

IN-TWlNE', v. t. To twine or twist together ; to wreath. 

IN-TWINED' (in-twind'), pp. Twisted~together. 

IN-TWINING, ppr. Wreathing together. 

IN-TWIST', v. t. To twist together ; to interweave. 

IN-TWISTED, pp. Twisted together. 

IN-TWIST'ING, ppr. Twisting together. 

INU-LIN, n. A peculiar vegetable principle extracted from 
the inula helenium, or elecampane. — Ure. 

IN-UM'BRaTE. v. t. [L. inumbro.] To shade. 

IN-UM'BRa-TED, pp. Shaded. 

IN-UNCTION, n. [L. inunctus.] The action of anointing ; 

unction. — Ray. 
.N-UNC-TU-OS'I-TY, n. [L. in and unctus.] The want of 
unctuosity ; destitution of greasiness or oiliness which is 
perceptible to the touch. 
N-UNTJA.NT, a. [L. inundans.] Overflowing. 
N-UN'DaTE, v. t. [L. inundatus.] 1. To spread over with 
a fluid ; to cover with water ; as, the Nile inundates Egypt. 



— 2. Figuratively, to fill with an overflowing abundance or 
superfluity ; as, to inundate a country with goods. — Syn 
To overflow ; deluge ; flood ; drown ; overwhelm. 

IN-UN'Da-TED, pp. or a. Overflowed ; spread over with t 
fluid ; copiously supplied. 

IN-UN'Da-TING, ppr. Overflowing ; deluging ; spreading 
over. 

m-UN-DA'TION, n. [L. inundatio.] 1. An overflow of wa- 
ter or other fluid ; a flood ; a rising and spreading of water 
over low grounds. 2. An overspreading of any kind ; an 
overflowing or superfluous abun lance. 

t IN-UN-DER-STANDTNG, a. Void of understanding. 

IN-UR-BaNE', a. Uncivil ; uncourteous ; unpolished 

IN-UR-BaNE'LY, adv. Without urbanity. 

IN-UR-BaNF/NESS, n. Incivility. 

IN-UR-BAN'I-TY, n. Incivility ; rude, unpolished mannert 
or deportment ; want of courteousness. 

IN-URE' (in-yure'), v. t. [L. in and ure.] 1. To habituate ; 
to accustom ; to apply or expose in use or practice till 
use gives little or no pain or inconvenience, or makes little 
impression. 

IN-URE', v. i. To pass in use ; to take or have effect ; to be 
applied ; to serve to the use or benefit of. 

IN-UR.ED' (in-yurd'), pp. Accustomed ; hardened by use. 

IN-URE'MENT, n. Use ; practice ; habit ; custom. 

IN-UR'ING (in-yurlng), ppr. 1. Habituating ; accustoming 
2. Passing in use to the benefit of. 

LN-URN, v. t. 1. To bury ; to inter ; to entomb.— Skak. 2. 
To put in an urn. 

1N-URN.ED' (in-urnd'), pp. Deposited in a tomb. 

IN-URN1NG, ppr. Interring ; burying. 

IN-U-SI-Ta'TION, n. Want of use ; disuse.— Paley. [Rare.] 

IN-US'TION (in-usfyun), n. [L. inustio.] 1. The action of 
burning. 2. A branding ; the action of maiidng by burning 

t IN-U'TILE, a. [L. inutiiis.] Unprofitable ; useless. 

IN-U-TIL'I-TY, n. [L. inutilitas.] Uselessness ; the quality 
of being unprofitable ; unprofitableness. 

IN-UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That can not be uttered. 

IN VA-6'U-O. [L.] In a vacuum or empty space. 

IN-VaDE', v. t. [L. invado.] 1. To enter a country, as an 
army with hostile intentions ; to enter as an enemy ; to 
attack. 2. To attack; to assail ; to assault. 3. To attack; 
to infringe ; to encroach on ; to violate, as one's rights 
4. To go into; [a Latinism.] — Spenser; [obs.] 5. To" fat 
on^ to attack; to seize ; as, a disease invades the system. 

IN-VaD'ED, pp. or a. Entered by an army with a hostile 
design; attacked; assaulted; infringed; violated. 

IN-VaD'ER, 72, 1. One who enters the territory of another 
with a view to war, conquest, or plunder. — Swift. 2. An 
assailant. 3. An encroacher ; an intruder ; one who in- 
fringes the rights of another. 

IN-VaD'ING, ppr. or a. Entering on the possessions of an- 
other with a view to war, conquest, or plunder ; assault 
ing; infringing; attacking. 

IN-VA-LES'CENCE, n. [L. invalesco.] Strength ; health. 

IN-VAL-E-TuDIN-A-RY, a. Wanting health. 

IN- VALID, a. [L. invalidus.] 1. Weak ; of no force, weight, 
or cogency. — 2. In law, having no force, effect, or efficacy , 
void; null. 

* IN'VA-LID, n. [Fr. invalide ; L. invalidus.] 1. A person 
who is weak and infirm ; a person sickly or indisposed. 
2. A person who is infirm, wounded, maimed, or other- 
wise disabled for active service ; a soldier or seaman worn 
out in service. 

IN'VA-LID, v. t. To enroll on the list of invalids in the na- 
val or military service. 

IN-VALTD-aTE, v. t. [Fr. invalider.] 1. To weaken or 
lessen the force of ; to destroy the strength or validity of ; 
to render of no force or effect, as a bargain or will. 2. To 
overthrow ; to prove to be of no force, as testimony. 

IN-VAL'ID-a-TED, pp. Rendered invalid or of no force. 

IN-VAL'ID-a-TING, ppr. Destroying the force and effect of 

IN-VA-LID'I-TY, n. [Fr. hivalidite.] Weakness; want ot 
cogency ; want of legal force or efficacy 

IN-VAL'ID-NESS, n. Invalidity. 

LN-VAL'U-A-BLE. a. Precious above estimation ; so val 
uable that its worth can not be estimated ; inestimable* 
priceless. 

IN-VAL'U-A-BLY, adv. Inestimably.— Bishop Hall. 

IN-Va/RI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Constant in the same state ; im- 
mutable ; unalterable ; unchangeable ; that does not vary . 
always uniform. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BLE-NESS, In. Constancy of state, condition 

IN-Va.-RI-A-BIL'1-TY, I or quality ; immutability ; un 
changeableness. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BL Y, adv. Constantly; uniformly; without al 
teration or change. 

IN-Va'RI.ED, a. Unvaried ; not changing or altering. 

LN-Va'SION, n. [L. invasio.] 1. A hostile entrance into the 
possessions of another; particularly, the entrance of a 
hostile army into a country for the purpose of conquest 
or plunder, or the attack of a military force. 2. An at- 
tack on the rights of another ; infringement or violation. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



INV 



558 



[NV 



J. Attack of a disease ; as, the invasion of the plague in 
Egypt. 

IN-Va'SiVE, a. [from invade.] 1. Entering on another's 
possessions with hostile designs ; aggressive. 2. Infring- 
ing another's rights. 

IN-VEC'TION, n. Invective, which see. 

[N-VE€TlVE, n. [Fr. invective.'] A railing speech or ex- 
pression ; something uttered or written, intended to cast 
opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another ; a harsh or 
reproachful accusation. It differs from reproof, as the 
latter may come from a friend, and be intended for the 
good of the person reproved ; but invective proceeds from 
an enemy, and is intended to give pain or to injure. — Syn. 
Philippic ; abuse ; railing ; sarcasm ; satire. 

IN-VECTlVE, a. Satirical ; abusive ; railing. 

IN-VE€'TiVE-LY, adv. Satirically; abusively. 

IN-VEIGH' (in-va/), v. i. [L. inveho.] To exclaim or rail 
against ; to utter censorious and bitter language against 
any one ; to reproach : with against. 

IN-VEIGH'ER (in-va'er), n. One who rails ; a railer. 

IN-VEIGH'ING (in-va'ing), ppr. Exclaiming against ; railing 
at guttering bitter words. 

IN-VeI'GLE (in-ve'gl), v. t. [Norm, enveogler.] To entice ; 
to seduce ; to wheedle ; to persuade to something evil by 
deceptive arts or flattery. 

IN-VeI'GLJSD (in-ve'gld), pp. Enticed; wheedled; seduced 
from duty. 

IN-VeI'GLE-MENT, n. Seduction to evil ; enticement. 

IN-VeI'GLER, n. One who entices or draws into any de- 
sign by arts and flattery. 

IN-VeI'GLING, ppr. or a. Enticing ; wheedling ; persuad- 
ing to anv thing bad. 

IN-VEILED' (in-vald'), a. Covered as with a veil. 

IN-VEND'I-BLE, a. Not vendible or salable.— Jefferson. 

IN- VENT, v. t. [Fr. inventer.] 1. To find out something 
new ; to devise something not before known ; to contrive 
and produce something that did not before exist. 2. To 
forge ; to fabricate ; to contrive falsely ; as, to invent a 
story. 3. To feign ; to frame by the imagination. 4. To 
light on ; to meet with. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

IN- VENTED, pp. Found out ; devised ; contrived ; forged ; 
fabricated. 

IN-VENTFUL, a. Full of invention.— Gifford. 

IN-VENTI-BLE, a. Discoverable ; capable of being found 
out. 

FN-VENTI-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inventible. 

[N- VENTING, ppr. Finding out what was before unknown ; 
devising or contriving something new ; fabricating. 

IN-VEN'TION, n. [L. inventio.] 1. The action or operation 
of finding out something new ; the contrivance of that 
which did not before exist. Invention differs from discov- 
ery. Invention is applied to the contrivance and produc- 
tion of something that did not before exist. Discovery 
brings to light that which existed before, but which was 
not known. We are indebted to invention for the ther- 
mometer and barometer. We are indebted to discovery 
for the knowledge of the isles in the Pacific Ocean, and 
for the knowledge of galvanism. 2. That which is invent- 
od. 3. Forgery ; fiction. — 4. In painting, the finding or 
choice of the objects which are to enter into the composi- 
tion of the piece. — 5. In poetry, it is applied to whatever 
the poet adds to the history of the subject. — 6. In rhetoric. 
the finding and selecting of arguments to prove and illus- 
trate the point in view. 7. The power of inventing ; that 
skill or ingenuity which is or may be employed in contriv- 
ing any thing new. 8. Discovery ; the finding of things 
hidden or before unknown. — Ray , L *css proper.] — Inven- 
tion of the cross, a Roman Catholic festival, celebrated May 
3d, in honor of the finding of our Savior's cross. Brande. 
— Syn. Contrivance; device; fabrication; excogitation. 

IN-VENT'lVE, a. [Fr. inventif] Able to invent ; quick at 
contrivance ; ready at expedients. — Dryden. 

IN-VENT'lVE-LY, adv. By the power of invention. 

IN-VENTlVE-NESS, n. The faculty of inventing— Chan- 
ning. 

IN-VENTOR, n. One who finds out something new ; one 
who contrives and produces any thing not before exist- 
ing ; a contriver. 

IN-VEN-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an inventory. 

IN'VEN-TO-RI.ED (in'ven-to-rid), pp. Inserted or registered 
in an inventory. 

TN'VEN-TO-RY. n. [Sp., It. inventario.] I. An account, cat- 
alogue, or schedule of all the goods and chattels of a de- 
ceased person. 2. A catalogue of movables. 3. A cata- 
logue or account of particular things. 

[NVEN-TO-RY, v. t. [Fr. inventoried 1. To make an in- 
ventory of ; to make a list, catalogue, or schedule of. 2. 
To insert or register in an account of goods. 

IN-VENTRESS, n. A female who invents. 

IN-VERSE' (in-versO, a. [L. inversus.] Inverted ; recipro- 
cal ; [opposed to direct.]— Inverse ratio is the ratio of the 
reciprocals of two quantities. — Inverse proportion is an 
equality between a direct ratio and an inverse ratio.— J. Day. 



IN-VERSE'LY (in-versly), adv. In an inverted order or 
manner ; a term used when one quantity is greater dir 
less, according as another is less or greater. 
IN-VER'SION, n. [L. inversio.] 1. Change of order, so tnat 
the last becomes first, and the first last ; a turning or 
change of the natural order of things. 2. Change of 
places, so that each takes the place of the other. 2. A 
turning backward ; a contrary method of operation. — i 
In geometry, a change in the order of the terms of a pro- 
portion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and 
the fourth of the third. — 5. In grammar, a change of the 
natural order of words. — 6. In ?nusic, the change of posi- 
tion either of a subject or of a chord. 
IN- VERT', v. t. [L. inverto.] 1. To turn into a contrary di- 
rection ; to turn upside down. 2. To place in a contrary 
order or method ; to reverse. — 3. In music, to change the 
order of the notes which form a chord, or the parts which 
compose harmony. 4. To divert; to turn into another 
channel ; to embezzle ; [obs.] 
IN-VER'TE-BRAL, a. Destitute of a vertebral column. 

IN-VER'TE-BRATE, n. An animal having no vertebral col 

umn, or spiral bone. 
IN-VER'TE-BRATE, > a. Destitute of a backbone, or 
IN-VERTE-BRa-TED, i vertebral chain.— Good. 

IN- VERTED, pp. or a. Turned to a contrary direction 
turned upside down ; changed in order. 

IN-VERT'ED-LY, adv. In a contrary or reversed order. 

IN-VERTENT, ?i. A medicine intended to invert the nat- 
ural order of the successive irritative motions. 

IN-VERTTN G, ppr. Turning in a contrary direction ; chang- 
ing the order. 

IN- VEST, v. t. [Fr. investir; L. investio.] 1. To clothe ; to 
dress ; to put garments on ; to array. 2. To clothe with 
office or authority; to place in possession of an office, 
rank, or dignity. 3. To adorn ; to grace. — Shah. 4. To 
clothe ; to surround. 5. To confer ; to give ; [little used.] 
6. To inclose ; to surround ; to block up ; to lay siege to ; 
to besiege. 7. To place or lay out money in some species 
of property, usually of a permanent nature ; literally, to 
clothe money in something; as, to invest a sum in land, 
stocks, bonds, &c. 

IN- VESTED, pp. Clothed ; dressed ; adorned ; inclosed. 

IN-VESTIENT (-yent), a. Covering; clothing.— Woodward. 

IN-VES'TI-GA-BLE, a. That may be investigated or search- 
ed out ; discoverable by rational search or disquisition. 

IN-VES'TI-G1TE, v. t. [L. investigo.] To search into ; to 
inquire and examine into with care and accuracy ; to find 
out by careful disquisition. 

IN-VESTI-GI-TED, pp. Searched into ; examined with 
care. 

IN-VES'TI-GI-TING, ppr. Searching into ; inquiring into 
with care. 

IN-VES-TI-GI'TION, n. [L. investigate.] The action or 
process of searching minutely for truth, facts, or princi- 
ples ; a careful inquiry to find out what is unknown. — 
Syn. Examination ; search ; scrutiny ; research. 

IN-VES'TI-GI-TlVE, a. Curious and deliberative in re- 
searches. — Pegge. 

IN-VES'TI-Ga-TOR, n. One who searches diligently into a 
subject. 

IN- VESTING, ppr. Clothing; adorning; inclosing. 

IN-VESTI-TURE. n. [Fr.] 1. The action of giving posses- 
sion, or livery of seizin. 2. The right of giving possses- 
sion of any manor, office, or benefice. — Raleigh. 

IN-VEST'lVE, a. Clothing ; encircling. 

IN- VESTMENT, n. 1. The action of investing. 2. Clothes, 
dress; garment; habit. — Shak. [See Vestment.] 3. The 
act of surrounding, blocking up, or besieging by an armed 
force. 4. The placing or laying out of money in some 
species of property, usually of a permanent nature. 

IN-VETER-A-CY, n. [L. inveteratio.] Long continuance, 
or the firmness of deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or 
state acquired by time. 

IN-VETER-ATE, a. [L. inveteratus.] 1. Old ; long-estab- 
lished ; as, an inveterate opinion ; [obs.] 2. Deep-rooted ; 
firmly established by long continuance ; obstinate, as a 
habit. 3. Having fixed habits by long continuance. 4. 
Violent ; deep-rooted ; obstinate, as hatred. 

IN-VETER-aTE, v. t. [L. invetero.] To fix and settle by 
long continuance. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

IN-VET'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With obstinacy ; violently. 

IN-VETER-ATE-NESS, n. Obstinacy confirmed by time ; 
inveteracy. — Locke. 

IN-VET-ER-a'TION, n. The act of hardening or confirm- 
ing by long continuance. 

* IN-VID'I-OUS, a. [L. invidiosus.] 1. Envious ; malignant. 
— Evelyn. 2. Likely to incur ill-will or hatred, or to pro- 
voke envy ; hateful. 

* IN-VID'I-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Enviously ; malignantly. 2. In 

a manner likely to provoke hatred. 

* IN-VID'I-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of provoking envy 

or hatre'd. 
IN-VI61-LANCE, n. Want of vigilance ; neglect of watching. 



See Synopsis. !. E. I, &c, long.—l, £, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARi'NE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



1NV 



559 



INW 



[N-VIG'OR-aTE, v. i L it i'lvigorire.] To give vigor co ; to 
strengthen ; to animate ; to give lite and energy to. 

rN-VlG r OR-A-TED, pp. or a. Strengthened ; animated. 

IN-VIG'OR-a-TLNG, ppr. or a. Giving fresh vigor to ; 
strengthening. 

IN-VIG-OR-ITION, n. The action of invigorating, or state 
of being invigorated. 

(N-VIL'LAgED, a. Turned into a village. 

IN-VIN'CI-BLE, a. [Fr. invincible.] 1. Not to be conquered 
or subdued ; that can not be overcome ; unconquerable. 
2. Not to be overcome ; insuperable ; insurmountable. 

IN-VINCI-BLE-NESS, ) n. The quality of being unconquer- 

[N-VIN-CI-BIL'I-TY, J able ; insuperableness. 

IN-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. Unconquerably ; insuperably. 

[N-Vi'O-LA-BLE, a. [L. inviolabilis.] 1. Not to be pro- 
faned; that ought not to be injured, polluted, or treated 
with irreverence. 2. Not to be broken. 3. Not to be in- 
jured or tarnished. 4. Not susceptible of hurt or wound. 
— Milton. 

(N-Vi'O-LA-BLE-NESS, \n. 1. The quality or state of be- 

IN-Vi-O-LA-BILI-TY, $ ing inviolable. 2. The quality 
of not being subject to be broken. 

[N-Vl'0-LA-BLY, adv. Without profanation ; without 
breach or failure. 

CN-Vl'O-LATE, a. [L. inviolatus.] Unhurt ; uninjured ; un- 
profaned ; unpolluted ; unbroken. 

LN-Vi'O-La-TED, a. Unprofaned ; unbroken ; unviolated. 

LN'VI-OUS, a. [L. invius.] Impassable ; untrodden. 

IN'VI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being impassable.— Ward. 

IN-VIS'CITE, v. t. [L. in and viscus.] 1. To lime ; to daub 
with glue. 2. To catch with glue or bird-lime. [Little 
used.] 

[N-VIS'-Ga-TED, pp. Limed ; daubed with glue. 

IN-VIS'CER-aTE, v. t. To breed ; to nourish. [A bad word.] 

TN-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The state of being invisible ; im- 

IN-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, j perceptibleness to the sight. 

IN-VIS'I-BLE, a. [L. invisibilis.] That can not be seen ; 
imperceptible by the sight. 

IN-VISl-BLY, adv. In a manner to escape the sight ; im- 
perceptibly to the eye. — Denham. 

IN- VISION, n. Want of vision, or the power of seeing. 

IN-VI'TA MI-NER'VA. [L.Minerva, the goddess of wisdom, 
being unwilling.] Without the help of genius. 

IN-VI-TI'TION, n. [L. invitatio.] The act of inviting; solic- 
itation. 

IN-Vi'TA-TO-RY, a. Using or containing invitations. 

LN-Vl'TA-TO-RY, n. A part of the service in the Roman 
Catholic Church ; a psalm or anthem snug in the morning. 

IN-ViTE, v. t. [L. invito.] 1. To ask to do some act or to 
go to some place ; to request the company of a person. 2. 
To draw to ; to tempt to come ; to induce by pleasure or 
hope. 3. To present temptations or allurements to. — Syn. 
Tosolicit ; bid ; call ; summon ; allure ; attract ; entice. 

LN-ViTE', v. i. To ask or call to any thing pleasing. — Milton. 

[N-VlT'ED, pp. or a. Solicited ; requested to come or go in 
person; allured. 

IN-ViT'ER n. One who invites.— Pope. 

IN-ViTING, ppr. 1. Soliciting the company of; asking to 
attend. 2. a. Alluring ; tempting ; drawing to. 

IN-VlTTNG, n. Invitation.— Sliak. 

IN-ViTTNG-LY. adv. In such a manner as to invite or allure. 

IN-VlT'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being inviting. 

IN-VIT'RI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That can not be vitrified or con- 
verted jnto glass. — Kirwan. 

IN'VO-CaTE,"^. t. [L. invoco.] To invoke; to call on in 
supplication ; to implore ; to address in prayer. — Milton. 

IN'VO-Ca-TED, pp. Invoked ; called on in prayer. 

INVO-€a-TING, ppr. Invoking. 

IN-VO-€a'TION, n. [L. invocation 1. The act of addressing 
in prayer. 2. The form or act of calling for the assistance 
or presence of any being, particularly of some divinity. 3. 
A judicial call, demand, or order. — JVheaton's Rep. 

IN'VOICE, n. [Fr. envoi.] 1. In commerce, a written account 
of the particulars of merchandise, shipped or sent to a 
purchaser, consignee, factor, &c, with the value or prices 
and charges annexed. 2. A written account of ratable 
estate. — Laws of New Hampshire. 

IN'VOICE, v. t. To make a written account of goods or 
property with their prices. 

rN'VOICED (in'voist), pp. Inserted in a fist with the price 
or value annexed. — Robinson. 

IN'VOIC-ING, ppr. Making an account in writing of goods, 
with their prices or values annexed ; inserting in an in- 
voice. 

[N-VoKE', v. t. [L. invoco.] Literally, to call for or ask. 
Hence, 1. To address in prayer ; to call on for assistance 
and protection. 2. In a wider sense, to call for with earn- 
estness ; as, to invoke aid ; [recent.] 

lN-V5K£ry (in-vokf), pp. Addressed in prayer for aid; 
called for. 

1N-V0KTNG, ppr. . Addressing in prayer for aid ; calling. 

IN-VOL'U-CEL, n. [dim. of involucre.] The involucrum of 
an umbellule or umbellet; an involucret. — Eaton. 



IN-VO-Lu'CEL-LATE, a. Surrounded with involucels. 

IN-VO-Lu'€RAL, a. Pertaining to an involucrum.— Smith. 

IN-VO-Lu'€RE, ) n. [L. involucrum.] In botany, a sort of 

IN-VO-Lu'€RUM, J calyx, inclosing those aggregates of 
flowers constituting umbels, but occasionally inclosing 
flowers not umbellate. 

IN-VO-Lu'€R£D, a. Having an involucre, as umbels, &c. 

IN-VO-Lu'€RET, n. An involucel, which see. 

IN-VOL'UN-TA-RI-LY, adv. 1. Not by choice ; not spon 
taneously ; against one's will. 2. In a manner independ- 
ent of the will. 

IN-VOLUN-TA-BI-NESS, n. 1. Want of choice cr will.- 
Bishop Hall. 2. Independence on the will. 

IN-VOLUN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. involontaire.] 1. Not having will 
or choice ; unwilling. 2. Independent of will or choice. 
3. Not proceeding from choice ; not done willingly ; op- 
posed to the will. 

IN'VO-LUTE, n. [L. involutus.] A curve traced by the end 
of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound from 
it. See Evolute. 

IN'VO-LUTE, >a. [L. involutus.] 1. In botany, rolled 

IN'VO-LU-TED, 5 spirally inward. — 2. In condiology, a 
term used when the exterior Up is turned inward at the 
margin. ' 

IN-VO-LO'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. involutio.] 1. The action of 
involving or infolding. 2. The state of being entangled or 
involved ; complication. — 3. In grammar, the insertion of 
one or more clauses or members of a sentence in a way 
which involves the construction and makes it difficult. — 4. 
In arithmetic and algebra, the raising of a quantity to any 
power assigned ; the multiplication of a quantity into itself 
a given number of times. 

IN-VOLVE' (in-volv'), v. t. [L. involvo.] 1. To envelop ; to 
cover with surrounding matter, a3 in dust. 2. To envelop 

' in any thing which exists on all sides ; as, to involve in 
gloom. 3. To imply ; to comprise ; to include, as an ab- 
surdity. 4. To draw in by way of connection ; to impli- 
cate ; as, to involve a friend in one's ruin. 5. To take in ; 
to catch ; to conjoin — Pope. 6. To entangle, as in a dis- 
pute. 7. To plunge ; to overwhelm, as in ruin. 8. To in- 
wrap ; to infold ; to complicate or make intricate. — Milton. 
9. To blend ; to mingle confusedly. Milton. — 10. In 
arithmetic and algebra, to raise a quantity to any assigned 
power ; to multiply a quantity into itself a given number 
of times. 

IN-VOLV.ED' (in-volvd'), pp. or a. Enveloped ; implied ; in- 
wrapped ; entangled ; raised to a power. 

IN-VOLVE'MENT, n. Act of involving; state of being in- 
volved. — Marshall. 

IN-VOLVTNG, ppr. Enveloping; implying; comprising; 
entangling ; complicating ; raising to a power. 

IN-VUL-NER-A-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being in- 

IN-VUL'NER-A-BLE-NESS, J vulnerable. 

IN-VULTSfER-A-BLE, a. [L. invulnerabilis.] That can not 
be wounded ; incapable of receiving injury. 

IN-WALL', v. t. To inclose or fortify with a wall. 

IN- WALLED', pp. Inclosed or fortified with a wall. 

IN-WALL'ING, ppr. Inclosing with a wall. 

INWARD, a. [Sax. inweard.] 1. Internal ; interior ; placed 
or being within. 2. Intimate ; domestic ; familiar. — 
Spenser. In this sense, also, Shakspeare uses it as a noun 
3. Seated in the mind or soul. — Shak. 

INWARD, adv. 1. Toward the inside ; as, turn the atten- 
tion inward. 2. Toward the center or interior. 3. Into 
the mind or thoughts. 

IN'WARD-LY, adv. 1. In the inner parts; internally. 2. 
In the heart ; privately ; secretly. 3. Toward the center. 

IN'WARD-NESS, n. 1. Intimacy ; familiarity— Shak. ; [not 
used.] 2. Internal state. — More ; [unusual.] 

INWARDS, n. pi. The inner parts of an animal: the bow- 
els ;_the viscera. — Milton. 

IN-WeAVE', v. t.; pret. inwove; pp. inwoven, inwove. To 
weave together ; to intermix or intertwine by weaving. 

IN- WEAVING, ppr. Weaving together. 

IN- WHEEL', v. t. [in and wheel] To encircle.— Beaumont 
and Fletcher. 

IN- WHEELED', pp. Encircled. 

IN- WHEELING, ppr. Encircling. 

t INWIT, n. [in and wit.] Mind ; understanding. 

IN-WOOD', v. t. To hide in woods.— Sidney. 

IN-WOOD'ED, pp. Hidden in woods. 

IN-WORKED' (-wurktf), PP- Worked in ; operated within 

IN-W6RK/ING, ppr. or a. Working within. 

IN-WORK'ING, n. Internal operation ; energy within. 

j^"^9^,^' I pp. Woven in; intertwined by weaving 

IN-WRAP' (in-rap'), v. t. 1. To involve ; to infold ; to cover 
by wrapping. 2. To involve in difficulty or perplexity, 
to perplex. — Bacon. 3. To ravish or transport ; to rap.- 
Shak.; [ill.] 
I IN-WRAPPJED', pp. Involved ; covered by wrapping. 

IN-WRAP'PING, ppr. Covering by wrapping. 
I IN- WREATHE' (in-reefh'), v. t. To surround or encompass 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl "CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; eH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete 



IRO 



5G0 



IRR 



as with a wreath, or with something in the form of a 
wreath. 

IN-WROUGHT' (in-rawtf), pp. or a. Wrought or worked in 
or among other things ; adorned with figures. 

f'O-DAL, n. [from iodln and alcohol.] An oleaginous liquid 
obtained from the action of alcohol and nitric acid on 
iodine. — Graham. 

I'O-DaTE, n. A compound of iodic acid with a base. 

f-ODTC, a. Iodic acid is a compound, consisting of iodine 
oxygenized to the highest point. 

f'O-DID, n. A non-acid compound of iodine with a metal or 
other substance. 

I'O-DlNE, n. [Gr. iwSrjS.] In chemistry, a peculiar substance 
obtained from certain sea-weeds or marine plants. Its va- 
por is of a splendid violet color. 

E'O-DOUS, a. Iodous acid is a compound of iodine and ox- 
ygen, containing less of the latter than iodic acid. 

POD'U-RET, n. A compound of iodine and a base ; an iodid. 

PO-LlTE, n. [Gr. iov and \idos.] A mineral of a glassy ap- 
pearance, which in one direction presents a blue or violet- 
blue color, and at right angles with this, a yellowish-gray 
or brownish color. It consists of silica, alumina, and mag- 
nesia, with some oxyd of iron. — Dana. 

PON, n. A name given to the elements which appear at the 
respective poles, when a body is subjected to electro-chem- 
ical decomposition. — Silliman. 

f-ON'IC, a. 1. The Ionic order, in architecture, is that species 
of column named from Ionia, whose distinguishing feature 
is the volute of its capital. It is more slender than the 
Doric and Tuscan. Encyc. — 2. The Ionic dialect of the 
Greek language was the dialect used in Ionia. — 3. The 
Ionic sect of philosophers was that founded by Thales of 
Miletus, in Ionia. 4. Denoting an airy kind of music. 5. 
The Ionic foot, in versification, consists of four syllables, 
either two short and two long, or two long and two short. 

I-o'TA, n. The name of the Greek letter i, which, being the 
smallest in the alphabet, is used to denote a jot or tittle. 

L O. U. In England, a paper having on it these letters 
(signifying I owe you), followed by a given sum, and duly 
signed, is called an I. O. U., and is considered equally bind- 
ing in honor with a promissory note. Such papers are 
ordinarily given in gambling transactions. 

[P-E-€A€-U-AN'HA, n. A bitter root produced in South 
America, much used as an emetic. 

IFSE DIX'IT. [L. he asserted.] A mere saying or assertion, 
without proof. 

IP-SIS'SI-MA VERBA. [L.] The identical words. 

IFSO FA-G'TO. [L.] In fact, in reality, or by the fact. 

I-RAS-CI-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality of being irascible, 

I-RAS'CI-BLE-NESS, \ or easily inflamed by anger ; irri- 
tability of temper. 

T-RAS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.l Very susceptible of anger ; easily 
provoked or inflamea with resentment ; irritable. 

I-RAS'CI-BLY, adv. In an irascible manner. 

IRE, n. [Fr. ; L. ira.] Anger ; wrath ; keen resentment. 

IRE'FUL, a. Angry ; wroth ; furious with anger. 

fRE'FUL-LY, adv. In an angry manner. 

IRE-NARCH (i're-nark), n. [Gr. eipnvapxvS-] An officer 
formerly employed in the Greek Empire, to preserve the 
public tranquillity. 

I-REN'I€-AL, a. Pacific ; desirous of peace. 

IR-I-DES'CENCE, n. Exhibition of colors like those of the 
rainbow. 

IR-I-DES'CENT, a. Having colors like the rainbow. 

f-RID'I-UM, n. [from iris.] A very heavy metal of a whitish 
color, found associated with platinum, and named from 
the variety of colors exhibited by its solutions. 

fRIS, n. ; pi. Irises. [L. iris.] 1. The rainbow. — Brown. 2. 
An appearance resembling the rainbow. — Newton. 3. The 
colored circle which surrounds the pupil of the eye. 4. 
The flower-de-lis, or flag-flower, a genus of many species. 

fRIS-A-TED, a. Exhibiting the prismatic colors; resem- 
bling the rainbow. — Phillips. 

PRISED (i'rist), a. Having colors like those of the rain- 
bow. 

fRISH, a. Pertaining to Ireland, or produced in Ireland. 

T'RISH, n. 1. A native of Ireland. 2. The language of the 
Irish ; the Hiberno-Celtic. 

FRISH-ISM, n. A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish. 

I'RISH-RY, n. The people of Ireland.— Bryshett. 

tRK, v. t. [Scot, irk.) To weary ; to give pain to.— Sliak. 
[Used only impersonally. Obsolescent.] 

tRK'SoME, a. Giving uneasiness ; producing weariness.— 
Syn. Wearisome ; tedious ; tiresome ; toilsome ; burden- 
some ; troublesome ; vexatious. 

!RK'S6ME-LY, adv. In a wearisome or tedious manner. 

fcRK'S6ME-NESS, n. Tediousness ; wearisomeness. 

f'RON (i'urn or i'rn), n. [Sax. iren ; Scot, irne, yrn, or aim ; 
Isl. iarn : Dan. iern.] 1. A metal, the hardest, most com- 
mon, and most useful of all the metals ; of a livid whitish 
color, inclined to gray, internally composed, to appear- 
ance, of small facets, and susceptible of a fine polish. 2. 
An instrument or utensil made of iron. — 3. Figuratively, 



strength ; power. Dan., ii. — 4. Irons, pi., fetters ; chains 
manacles ; handcuffs. — Ps. cv. 

I'RON (Turn), a. 1. Made of iron ; consisting of iron. 2. 
Resembling iron in color. 3. Harsh : rude ; severe ; mis- 
erable ; as, the iron age. 4. Binding fast ; not to b« 
broken ; as, " death's iron sleep." — Phillips. 5. Hard of un- 
derstanding; dull ; as, ircm-witted fools. — Shah. 6. Firm, 
robust ; vigorous ; as, an iron frame. 

I'RON (i'urn), v. t. 1. To smooth with an instrument ol 
iron. 2. To shackle with irons ; to fetter or handcuff. 3 
To furnish or arm with iron. 

I'RON-BOUND, a. 1. Bound with iron. 2. Rugged, rocky 
as, an iron-bound coast. 

I'RON-CLAD, a. Clad in iron.— Scott. 

I'RON-CLIY (i'urn-kla), n. A substance intermediate be- 
tween basalt and wacke, of a reddish-b^own color, and 
occurring massive or vesicular. 

I'RON €ROWN, n. A golden crown set with jewels, be 
longing originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating 
the dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a 
circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in the 
cross of Christ. — Encyc. Am. 

I'RON-FlL-INGS, n.pl. Fine particles of iron made by fil- 
ing or rasping. 

I'RON-FLINT, n. An opaque ferruginous variety of quartz. 

I'RON-FOUND-ER, n. One who makes iron castings. 

I'RON-FOUND-ER-Y, \n. The place where iron castings 

I'RON-FOUND-RY, 5 are made. 

I'RON-FRaMED, a. Having an iron or firm frame. 

I'RON GLANCE, n. A peroxyd of iron, of a dark steel- 
gray color. 

I'R ON-HAND-ED, a. Having hands hard as iron.— Dwight. 

I'RON-HEXRT-ED, a. Hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel. 

I'RON LIQUOR (i'urn lik'ur), n. Acetate of iron, used as 
a mordant by dyers, &c. — Buchanan. 

I'RON-MoLD, n. A spot on cloth, made by applying rusty 
iron to the cloth when wet. 

l'RON-M6N"GER, n. A dealer in iron wares or hardware. 

I'RON-M6N"GER-Y, n. A general name for all articles 
made of iron : hardware. 

I'RON PY-Ri'TeS, n. Common pyrites; yellow sulphuret 
of iron. 

I'RON SAND, n. An iron ore in grains, used to sand paper 
after writing. 

i'RON-SHeATHED, a. Sheathed with iron.— Scott. 

I'R ON-SHOD, a. Shod with iron. 

I'RON-SI€K, a. In seamen's language, a ship is said to be 
iron-sick, when her bolts and nails are so much corroded 
or eaten with rust that she has become leaky. 

I'RON-SlD-ED, a. Having iron or very firm sides.— Forby 

I'RON-SMITH, n. A worker in iron ; one who makes and 
repairs utensils of iron ; [more proper than blacksmith.] 

I'RON-SToNE, n. An impure ore of iron, containing much 
clay. 

I'RON-WOOD, n. The popular name of some species of 
a genus of trees called sideroxylon ; also, oiostrya Virginica, 
sometimes called hop-hornbeam, a tree of the United States. 

PRON-WoRK, n. A general name of the parts or pieces 
of a building, vessel, carriage, &c, which consist of iron ; 
any thing made of iron. 

I'RON-WoRKS, n. pi. The works or establishment where 
pig-iron is wrought into bars, &c. 

I'RON-W6RT, n. The popular name of some species of 
a genus of plants called sideritis. 

I'R ON ED (i'urnd), pp. Smoothed with an iron; shackled 
armed with iron. 

I'RON-ER (i'urn-er), n. One who irons. 

I'RON-IC, a. Ironical. — Ben Jonson. 

l-RON'I€-AL, a. [Fr. ironique.] Expressing one thing and 
meaning the opposite. 

I-RONTG-AL-L Y, adv. By way of irony ; by the use of irony 

I'RON-ING, n. 1. A smoothing with an iron. 2. A shack 
ling. 3. A furnishing or arming with iron. 

I'RON-ING, ppr. Smoothing with an iron ; shackling ; fur 
nishing or arming with iron. 

I'RON-IST, n. One who deals in irony. — Pope. 

I'RON-Y (i'urn-y), a. 1. Made or consisting of iron; par- 
taking of iron. 2. Resembling iron ; hard. 

I'RON-Y, n. [Fr. ironie ; L. ironia.] A kind of ridicule 
which exposes errors or faults by seeming to approve, 
adopt, or defend them. 

t I'ROUS, a. [from ire.] Apt to be angry. — Chaucer. 

IR-Ra'DI-ANCE, \n. [L. irradians.] 1. Emission of rays 

IR-Ra'DI-AN-CY, 5 of light on an object. 2. Beams of 
light emitted ; lustre ; splendor. 

IR-Ra'DI-aTE, v. t. [L. irradio.] 1. To illuminate; to 
brighten ; to make splendid ; to adorn with lustre. 2. To 
enlighten intellectually ; to illuminate.— Milton. 3. To ani- 
mate by heat or light. — Hale. 4. To decorate with shining 
ornaments. — Pope. 

IR-Ra'DI-aTE, v. i. To emit rays ; to shine. 

IR-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Adorned with brightness, or with any 
thing shining. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.—L, % I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE. BOOK. 



IKK 



561 



IRR 



Ut-RiDI-A-TED, pp. Illuminated; enlightened; made lu- 
minous or bright ; decorated with rays of light or with 
something shining. 

IR-RaT) MATING, ppr. Dluminating ; decorating with beams 
of light 

IR-Ra-DI-ITION, n. 1. The act of emitting beams of light 
2. Illumination ; brightness. 3. Intellectual light. 4. The 
act of emitting minute particles or effluvia from some sub- 
stance. — 5. In physical science, an apparent enlargement 
of objects beyond their proper bounds, in consequence of 
the vivid impression of light on the eye. — Olmsted. 

IR-RAD'I-€aTE, v. t. To root deeply. 

* IR-Ra'TION-AL (-ra'shun-al or -rash'un-al), a. [L. irration- 

alts.] 1. Not rational ; void of reason or understanding, 
as animals. 2. Not according to the dictates of reason ; 
contrary to reason, as conduct. — Irrational quantity, see 
Surd. — Syn. Reasonless ; witless ; unreasonable ; foolish ; 
silly ; absurd. 

* IR-Ra-TION-AL'1-TY, n. Want of reason or the powers 

of understanding. 

? IR-Rl'TION-AL-LY (-ra'shun-al-ly or -rash'un-al-ly), adv. 
Without reason; in a manner contrary to reason; ab- 
surdly. 

[R-RE-€LaIM'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reclaimed ; that can 
not be recalled from error or vice ; that can not be brought 
to reform. 2. That can not be tamed. — Syn. Irrecover- 
able ; incorrigible ; untamable. 

lR-RE-€LaIM'A-BLY, adv. So as not to admit of reformation. 

IR-RE€-0N-CIL'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be recalled to amity, 
or a state of friendship and kindness ; retaining enmity 
that can not be appeased or subdued, as a foe. 2. That 
can not be appeased or subdued, as hostility. 3. That 
can not be made to agree or be consistent ; incongruous ; 
incompatible, as opinions or propositions. 

IR-RE€-ON-CiL'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being ir- 
reconcilable ; incongruity ; ^compatibility. 

IR-RE€-ON-ClL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that precludes 
reconciliation. 

IR-RE€'ON-ClLE, v. t. To prevent from being reconciled. 
—Bishop Taylor. [Ill] 

IR-RE€'ON-ClL.ED (ir-rek'on-slld), a. [in and reconciled.] 

1. Not reconciled. 2. Not atoned for.— Shak. 
[R-RE€-ON-ClLE'MENT, n. Want of reconciliation ; dis- 
agreement. 

LR-RE€-ON-CIL-I-a'TION, n. Want of reconciliation. 

CR-RE€'ON-ClL-ING,£pr. Preventing from being reconciled. 

IR-RE-€ORD'A-BLE, a. Not to be recorded.— Cockeram. 

IR-RE-U5VER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-a-bl), a. 1. Not to be recov- 
ered or repaired. 2. That can not be regained. — Rogers. 
3. That can not be obtained by demand or suit 4. Not to 
be remedied. — Syn. Irreparable ; irretrievable ; irremedi- 
able : incurable. 

fR-RE-€6V'£R-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being irre- 
coverable. — Donne. 

[R-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Beyond recovery ; beyond 
the possibility of being regained, repaired, or remedied. 

2. Beyond the possibility of being reclaimed. 
rIR-RE-€u'PER-A-BLE. a. Irrecoverable. 
fIR-RE-€u'PER-A-BLY, adv. Irrecoverably. 
[R-RE-€tJ'SA-BLE, a. [in, and Fr. recusable.] Not liable to 

exception. 

fR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be redeemed. 2. 
Not subject to be paid at the pleasure of government 

IR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE-NESS, \n. The quality of being not 

[R-RE-DEEM-A-BIL'I-TY, $ redeemable. 

[R-RE-DEEM'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be redeemable. 

[R-RE-Du'CI-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reduced ; that can not 
be brought back to a former state. 2. That can not be re- I 
duced or changed to » different state. — Irreducible case, in ! 
algebra, a particular case in the solution of a cubic equa- I 
tion, in which me formula commonly employed contains J 
an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its application. 
— Brande. 

rR-RE-D5'CI-BLE-NESS,7i. The quality of being irreducible. 

R-RE-Du'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner not reducible. 
^REFLECTIVE, a. Not reflective.— Whewell, 

' IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLE or LR-REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. That can 
not be refuted or overthrown. — Syn. Incontrovertible ; 
unanswerable ; indisputable ; unquestionable ; incontest- 
able ; indubitable ; undeniable. 

1 IR-RE-FRA'GA-BLE-NESS, \ n. The quality of being irre- 

* IR-REF-RA-GA-BIL'I-TY, 5 fragable or incapable of 

refutation. 

* IR-RE-FRl'GA-BLY or IR-REFTtA-GA-BLY, adv. So as 

not to be overthrown. 

* IR-REF'U-TA-BLE or IR-RE-FuTA-BLE, a. [Low L. frre- 
futaiilis.] That can not be refuted or disproved. — Bishop 
Hall. 

* IR-REF'U-TA-BLY or IR-RE-FCTA-BLY, adv Beyond 
the possibility of refutation. 

IR-RE-GENER-A-CY, n. Unregeneracy.— J. M. Mason. 
IR-RE-gEN-ER-a'TION, n. An unregenerate state. [Bad.] 
IR-REGU-LAR, a. [Fr. irregulier ; L. irregularis.] 1. Not 



regular ; not according to common form or rules ; as, an 
irregular structure. 2. Not according to established prin- 
ciples or customs j deviating from usage, a3 a course of 
procedure. 3. Not conformable to nature or the usual oper- 
ation of natural laws, as pulsations. 4. Not according to 
the rules of art ; as, ir-egular metre. 5. Not in conformity 
to laws, human or divine; deviating from the rules of 
moral rectitude ; as, an irregular life. 6. Not straight, as 
a line. 7. Not uniform, as motion. — 8. In grammar, an ir- 
regular noun or verb is one which deviates from the com- 
mon rules in its inflections. — Syn. Immethodic;il ; unsys- 
tematic ; anomalous; erratic; devious; eccentxi.-; crook- 
ed ; unsettled ; variable ; changeable ; mutable : desultory; 
disorderly ; wild ; immoderate ; intemperate ; inordinate ; 
vicious. 

IR-REG'U-LAR, n. A soldier not in regular service. 

IR-REG'U-LAR-IST, n. One who is irregular. 

IR-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. irregularis.] 1. Deviation 
from a straight line or from any common or established 
rule ; deviation from method or order. 2. Deviation from 
law, human or divine, or from moral rectitude ; inordinate 
practice ; vice. 

IR-REG'U-LAR-LY, adv. Without rule, method, or order. 

t IR-REG'U-LaTE, v. t. To make irregular ; to disorder. 

IR-REL'A-TjVE, a. Not relative ; unconnected.— Irrelative 
chords, in music, have no common sound. 

IR-REL'A-TlVE-LY, adv. Unconnectedly.— Boyle. 

IR-REL'E-VAN-CY, n. Inapplicability ; the quality of not 
being applicable, or of not serving to aid and support. 
i LR-REL'E-VANT, a. [in. and Fr. relever.] Not relevant ; not 

applicable or pertinent ; not serving to support. 
j IR-REL'E-VANT-LY, adv. Without being to the purpose. 

IR-RE-LIeV'A-BLE. a. Not admitting rebel— Hargrave. 
j IR-RE-LIg'ION (ir-re-lid'jun), n. [Fr. ; in and religion.] 
Want of religion, or contempt of it. — Syn. Ungodliness ; 
worldlineas ; wickedness ; impiety. 

IR-RE-LIG10N-IST, n. One who is destitute of religious 
principles: a despiser of religion. — Nbtt. 
j IR-RE-LIG'IOUS (ir-re-lid'jus), a. [Fr. irreligieux.] 1. Des 
titute of religious principles; contemning religion ; im 
pious; ungodly. 2. Contrary to religion; profane; im- 
pious ; wicked. 
1 IR-RE-LIGIOUS-LY, adv. With impiety ; wickedly. 

IR-RE-LIG'IOUS-NESS, n. Want of religious principles oi 
practices ; ungodliness. 

IR-RE'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. irremedbilis.] Admitting no return. 
— Dryden. 

IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be remedied ; that 
can not be cured. 2. Not to be corrected or redressed. — 
Syn. Incurable ; irretrievable : irreparable. 

IR-RE-MeTjI-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irremediable. 

IR-RE-MeDI-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that pre- 
cludes remedy, cure, or correction. — Bishop Taylor. 

IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be pardoned ; that can 
not be forgiven or remitted ; unpardonable. — Whiston. 

IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being unpar- 
donable. — Hammond. 

IR-RE-MIS'S1-BLY. adv. So as not to be pardoned. 

IR-RE-MIS'SIVE, a. Not remitting. 

IR-RE-MOY-A-BIL'I-T Y, n. The quality or state of being ir -- 
removable, or not removable from office. 

IR-RE-MoV'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be moved or ehang- 
ed. — Shah. 2. Not legally removable from office. 

IR-RE-MO V'A-BLY, adv. So as not to admit of remosraL 

IR-RE-MoV'AL, n. Absence of removal. 

IR-RE-Mu'NER-A-BLE, a. That can not be rewarded. 

IR-RE-NOWN.ED' (ir-re-nownd'), a. Not renovwned ; nor 
celebrated. 

IR-REP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state- of being ir- 
reparable, or beyond repair or recovery. 

IR-REP'A-RA-BLE, a. [L. irreparabilis.] 1. That can not 
be repaired or mended. 2. That can not be recovered or • 
regained. — Syn. Irrecoverable ; irretrievable ; irremedia- 
ble ; incurable. 

IR-REP'A-RA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irreparable. 

IR-R.EP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that pre- 
cludes recovery or repair. 

IR-RE-PeAL-A-BILI-TY, n. The quality of being irrepeal- 
able. 

IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. That can not be repealed. 

IR-RE-PEAL'A-BLE-NESS, n. Irrepealability. 

IR-RE-Pe AL'A-BLY, adv. Beyond the power of repeal 

IR-RE-PENTANCE, n. Want of repentance. 

mllJLlv'L^BLE, } a - ™ at Catt DOt be re P levied - 
IR-REP-R.E-HENS1-BLE, a. Not reprehensible ; not to be 

blamed or censured ; free from fault 
IR-REP-RE-HENS1-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being ir- 

reprehensible. 
IR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not. to incur - 

blame ; without blame. — Sherwood. 
IR-REP-RE-SENT'A-BLE, a. Not to be represented ; thai - 

can not be figured or represented by any image. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this. 

Nn 



t Obsolete, 



IRR 



562 



ISA 



ilt-RE-PRESS'IBLE, a. That can not be repressed. 

IR-RE-PRESSTBLY, adv. So as not to be repressed. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That can not be justly reproach- 
ed ; free from blame. — Syn. Unblamable ; irreprovable ; 
irreprehensible ; innocent ; blameless ; spotless ; unblem- 
ished ; immaculate ; faultless ; pure ; upright. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
being not reproachable. 

[R-RE-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to deserve 
reproach ; blamelessly. 

JR-RE-PRoV'A-BLE (-proov'a-bl), a. That can not be justly 
reproved ; blameless ; upright. 

'R-RE-PROV'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be liable to reproof 
or blame. — Weever 

lR-REP-Ti"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Encroaching ; privately in- 
troduced. — Nichols. 

[R-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. Forbearance to resist; non-resist- 
ance ; passive submission. — Paley. 

[R-RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality of being irresist- 

IR-RE-SIST1-BLE-NESS, 5 ible ; power or force beyond 
resistance or opposition. 

IR-RE-SIST'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] That can not be successfully 
resisted or opposed ; superior to opposition ; resistless. 

IR-RE-SIST'I-BLY, adv. With a power that can not be suc- 
cessfully resisted or opposed. — Dryden. 

IR-RE-SIST'LESS, a. That can not be resisted.— Glanville. 

[R-RES'O-LU-BLE, a. [L. in and resolvo.] Not to be dis- 
solved ; incapable of dissolution. — Boyle. 

{R-RES'O-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being indisso- 
luble ; resistance to separation of parts by heat. 

(R-RES'O-LUTE, a. Not firm or constant in purpose ; not 
decided ; not determined ; given to doubt.^-SYN. Waver- 
ing ; vacillating ; undetermined ; undecided ; unsettled ; 
unstable ; unsteady. 

IR-RES'O-LUTE-LY, adu. Without firmness of mind ; with- 
out decision. 

IR-RES'O-LUTE-NESS, n. Want of firm determination or 

purpose ; vacillation of mind. 
/R-RES-O-LO'TION, n. [Fr.] Want of resolution ; want of 
decision in purpose ; a fluctuation of mind. 

IR-RE-SOLV- A-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The state or quality of not 

[R-RE-SOLV'A-BLE-NESS, \ being resolvable. 

rR-RE-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That can not be resolved. 

IR-RE-SOLV'ED-LY, adv. Without. settled determination. 
— Boyle. [Little used.] 

IR-RE-SPE€T'iVE, a. 1. Not having regard to : with of. 
2. Not regarding circumstances. — Bacon ; [obs.] 

IR-RE-SPE-GT'I VE-LY, adv. Without regard to ; not taking 
circumstances into consideration. 

IR-RES'PI-RA-BLE, a. Unfit for respiration; not having 
the qualities which support animal life. 

IR-RE-SPONS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of responsibility. 
, IR-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. Not responsible ; not liable or able 
to answer for consequences •, not answerable. 

IR-RE-SPONS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be responsible. 

TR-RE-SUS'CI-TA-BLE, a. Not capable of being revived. 
. [R-RE-SUS'CI-TA-BLY, adv. So as not to be resuscitable. 
— Coleridge. 

IR-RE-TENT1VE, a. Not retentive or apt to retain. 

IR-RE-TRiCE'A-BLE, a. That can not be retraced. 

[R-RE.-TRIeV'A-BLE, a. Not to be recovered or repaired. 
— Syn. Irremediable ; incurable ; irreparable ; irrecover- 
able. 

IR.RE-TRIe V'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being irretriev- 
able. 

IR-RE-TRIeV'A-BLY, adv. Irreparably ; irrecoverably ; m 
a manner not to be regained. — Woodward. 

[R-RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. Not to be returned. 

IR-RE-VeAL'A-BLE, a. That may not be revealed. 

IR-RE-VeAL'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be revealable. 

IR-REV'ER-ENCE, n. [L. irreverentia.] 1. Want of rever- 
ence,, or want of veneration ; want of a due regard to the 
authority and character of the Supreme Being. Irrever- 
ence toward God is analogous to disrespect toward man. 
2. The state of being disregarded ; [applied to men.} 

IR-REV'ER-ENT, a. [Fr.] 1. Wanting in reverence and 
veneration ; not entertaining or manifesting due regard to 
the Supreme Eeing. 2. Proceeding from irreverence; 
expressive of a want of veneration ; disrespectful. 3. 
Wanting in respect to superiors. 
IR-REV'ER-ENT-LY, adv. 1. In an irreverent manner. 2. 

Without due respect to superiors. 
IR-RE-VERS'I-BLE, a. That can not be reversed; that 
can not be recalled, repealed, or annulled. — Syn. Irrevo- 
cable ; irrepealable ; unchangeable. 
IR-RE-VERS'I-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irreversible. 

■- IR-RE-VERS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner which precludes a 
reversal or repeal. 
1R-REV-OG A-BIL'I-TY, > State of bein" irrevocable 
IR-REV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, 5 n ' btate 0t bemg irrevocaDle - 
.m-REV'0-€A-BLE, a. [L. irrevocabilis.] Not to be recall- 
ed or revoked ; that can not be reversed, repealed, or 
annulled. 



IR-REVO--GA-BLY, adv. Beyond recall ; in a manner pre 
eluding repeal. 

IR-RE-VoK'A-BLE, a. Not to be recalled ; irrevocable. 

t IR-REV'O-LU-BLE, «. That has no revolution.--.Mftott, 

IR'RI-GaTE, v. t. [L. irrigo.] 1. To water ; to wet ; to 
moisten ; to bedew. 2. To water, as land, by causing a 
stream to flow upon it and spread over it. 

IR'RI-Ga-TED, pp. Watered; moistened. 

IR'RI-Ga-TING, ppr. Watering; wetting; moistening. 

IR-RI-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of watering or moistening 
— 2. In agriculture, the operation of causing water to flow 
over lands for nourishing plants. 

IR-RIG'U-OUS, a. [L. irriguus.) 1. Watered ; watery , 
moist. — Milton. 2. Dewy ; moist. — Phillips. 

IR-RISTON (ir-rizh'un), n. [L. irrisio.] The act of laughing 
at another. 

IR-RI-T A-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Susceptibility of excitement ; the 
quality of being easily irritated or exasperated. — 2. In 
physiology, (1.) A healthful, vital susceptibility to the in 
ihiences of external or medical agents, with a power of 
responding in a normal manner both by sensations and 
actions. (2.) A morbid and excessive susceptibility to 
such agents, and a capability of responding only by vitia- 
ted and abnormal sensations and actions. — Tulhj. 

IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Susceptible of excitement, or of hea« 
and action, as animal bodies. 2. Very susceptible of an- 
ger or passion ; easily inflamed or exasperated. — 3. Ib 
physiology, susceptible of irritation, which see. — Tully. 

IR'RI-TA-BLY, adv. In a way to be irritated. 

IRTtl-TAN-CY, n. The state of being irritant. 

IR'RI-TANT, a. Irritating. 

IR'RI-TANT, n. That which irritates.— Rush. 

IR'RI-TaTE, v. t. [L. irrito.} 1. To excite heat and redness 
in the skin or flesh of living animal bodies, as by friction, 
2. To make angry or fretful. 3. To increase action or 
violence ; to heighten excitement in ; as, to irritate a 
flame. Bacon. — 4. In physiology, to cause irritation, which 
see. — Syn. To fret ; inflame ; excite ; provoke ; tease j 
vex ; exasperate ; anger ; incense ; enrage. 

t IR'RI-TITE, part. a. Excited ; heightened. — Bacon. 

IR'RI-Ta-TED, pp. or a. Excited ; provoked ; subjected to 
irritation, which see. 

IR'RI-TI-TING, ppr. or a. Exciting ; angering ; provoking , 
causing irritation. 

IR-RI-TITION, n. 1. The operation of exciting heat, ac 
tion, and redness in the skin or flesh of living animals, by 
friction or other means. 2. The excitement of action in 
the animal system by the application of food, medicines 
and the like. 3. Excitement of anger or passion ; provo 
cation ; exasperation ; anger. — 4. In physiology, a vitiated 
and abnormal state of sensation or action produced by ex 
ternal or medicinal agents, either upon an unhealthy state 
of the system, or by an excessive or improper application 
of those acents. — Tuily. 

IR'RI-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Serving to excite or irritate. 2. Ac- 
companied with or produced by increased action or irri 
tation. 

IRHI-TA-TO-RY, a. Exciting; producing irritation.— Hales. 

IR-RO-Ra'TION, n. [L. irroratio.] The act of bedewing ; 
the state of being moistened with dew. 

IR-RUP'TED, a. [L. irruptus.] Broken with violence. 

IR-R.UP'TION, n. [L. irruptio.] 1. A bursting in ; a break- 
ing, or sudden, violent rushing into a place. 2. A sudden 
invasion or incursion ; a sudden, violent inroad, or en 
trance of invaders into a place or country. 

IR-RUP'TlVE, a. Rushing in or upon. 

IS, v. i. [Sax. is; G. ist; D. is; L. est.] The third person 
singular of the substantive verb, which is composed of 
three or four distinct roots, v/hich appear in the words 
am, be, are, and is. 

IS'A-BEL, n. [Fr. isabelle.] Isabel yellow is a brownish yel- 
low, with a shade of brownish red. — Kinoan. 

I-SA-GOG'I€, \a. [Gr. uuaywytKoS.] Introductory. — 

l-SA-GOG'I€-AL, 5 Gregory. 

I'SA-GON, n. [Gr. tuos and ywvia.] A figure whose angles 
are equal. 

IS'A-TIS, n. In zoology, the arctic fox, or cants lagopus 

IS-€HI-AD'LG (is-ke-ad'ik), a. [L. ischiadicus.] Pertaining 
to the hip. — The ischiadic passion is a rheumatic or neu 
ralgic affection of some part about the hip joint. It is call 
ed, also, sciatica. 

IS-€HU-RET'I€, a. Having the quality of relieving ischury 

IS-€HU-RET1€, n. A medicine adapteJ to relieve ischury 
IS'SHU-RYasTtu-ry),^ [Gr. inxovpia.] A stoppage or sup 

pression of urine, different from dysury. — Coze. 
IS'E-RIN, I n. [G. eisen.) A variety of titanic iron ; i 
IS'E-RINE,"5 compound of oxyd of iron and titanic acid. 

— Dana. 
ISH, a termination of English words, i3 in Sax. isc, Dan. isk 
G. isch. Annexed to English adjectives, ish denotes dimi- 
nution, or a small degree of the quality , as, whitish, from 
white. Ish, annexed to names, forms a possessive adjec 
tive ; as in Swedish, Danish, English. Ish, annexed to 



See Synopsis A, E, T, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c., short.— FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



ISS 



563 



IT1 



common nouns, forms an adjective denoting a partici- 
pation of the qualities expressed by the noun ; as, foolish,, 
from fool. 

PSM/LE (l'sik-kl), a pendant shoot of ice, is more generally 
written icicle. See Ice and Icicle. 

CSIN"GLaSS. n. [that is, ise or ice-glass.] A substance con- 
sisting chiefly of gelatin, of a firm texture and whitish 
color, prepared from the sounds or air-bladders of certain 
fresh-water fishes. It is used as an agglutinant and in 
fining wines. 

I'9LN"GLaSS-ST5NE. See Mica. 

IS'LAM, n. The religion of Mohammed, and also the whole 
body of those who profess it throughout the world. — 
Brande. 

IS'LAM-ISM, n. [from the Ar. salama, to be free, safe, or de- 
voted to God.] The true faith, according to the Moham- 
medans ; Mohammedanism. 

iS-LAM-IT'I€, a. Pertaining to Islam ; Mohammedan.— E. 
E. Salisbury. 

fSL'AND (Hand), n. [Sax. ealond; D., G. eiland. The true 

■ spelling, in accordance with the origin and pronunciation 
of the word, would be Hand, as given in the Bishop's 
Bible.] 1. A tract of land surrounded by water. 2. A 
large mass of floating ice is called an island of ice. 

ISL'AND-ER (ilaud-er), n. An inhabitant of an island. 

\ ISL'AND-Y, a. Full of, or belonging to, islands. — Cotgrave. 

ISLE (lie), n. [Fr. isle or He.] 1. A tract of land, surround- 
ed by water, or a detached portion of land, imbosomed in 
the ocean, in a lake or river. 2. A passage in a church. 
See Aisle. 

IS'LET (ilet), n. A small island. 

I-SO-OHEl'MAL, ? a. [Gr. icos and %a/*<z, %n^wi'.] Hav- 

I-SO-CHTMEN-AL, 5 ing the same mean winter tempera- 
ture. — Isochimenal lines, lines passing through places hav- 
ing the same mean winter temperature. — Humboldt. 

I-SC r -€HRO-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. icos and xpuna.} Having the 
same color ; as, two rings or lines are isochromatic. — 
Brande. 

I-SOCH'RON-AL, \ a. [Gr. iaoS and xpovos-] Uniform in 

I-SOCH'RON-OUS, J lime ; of equal time ; performed in 
equal times. 

I-SOD'O-MON, n. [Gr.] In Grecian architecture, a construc- 
tion of equal thicknesses and equal lengths. — Elmes. 

TS'O-LaTE (Knowles gives l'so-late ; Walker, iz'o-late), v. t. 
[It. isola.] 1. To place in a detached situation ; to place by 
itself ; to insulate. — 2. In electricity, to insulate, which see. 

IS'O-LI-TED.jpp. or a. [Fr. isole.] Standing detached from 
others of a like kind ; placed by itself or alone ; insulated. 

IS'O-La-TING. ppr. Placing by itself or detached ; insu- 
lating. 

I S-O-L A'TION, n. The state of being isolated ; insulation. 

E-SO-MERTC, a. Having the same elements in the same 

_ proportions, but with different properties. 

I-SOM'EPl-ISM, n. [Gr. igoS, equal, and nepos, part] Identity 
of elements and proportions with diversity of properties. 
-SO-MORPHT3M, n. [Gr. iaoS, like, and nop<pr], form.] 1. 
The quality of assuming the same crystalline form, though 
composed of different elements, or proximate principles, 
yet with the same number of equivalents. 2. The quality 
of a substance by which it is capable of replacing another 
in a compound, without an alteration of the previous crys- 
talline form of the compound. 

I-SO-MORPH'OUS, a. Composed of different elements, but 
having the same crystalline form. 

I-SON'O-MY, n. [Gr. mtos and vojioi.] Equal law ; equal dis- 
tribution of rights and privileges. — Mitford. 

f-SO-PER-l-METRKI-AL, a. Having equal perimeters. 

f-SO-PE-RIM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. iaoS, xspi, and utrpov.] In ge- 
ometry, the science of figures, having equal perimeters or 
boundaries. 

f'SO-POD, n. [Gr. too; and ttovS-] A crustaceous insect, 
having seven pairs of legs, usually similar, as the sowbug. 

t-SOP'O-DOUS, a. Having the characteristics of an isopod. 

I'SO-PYRE, n. [Gr. iaoS and -vp.] A black mineral with 
gray or red spots or streaks, consisting of silica, alumina, 
lime, and oxyd of iron. — Brande. 

f-SOS'CE-LES, a. [Gr. inooKzK-nS.] A term applied to a tri- 
angle having two sides only that are equal. 

f-SO-STEM'O-NOUS, a. In botany, having an equal number 

of stamens and pistils. — Lindley. 
f-SOTH'ER-AL, a. [Gr. iaoS and Sspos.] Having the same 
mean summer temperature.- -Isotkeral lines, lines drawn 
through places having the same mean summer tempera- 
ture. — Humboldt. 
i-SO-THERM'AL, a. [Gr. uog and Sepua.] Having an equal 
degree of heat. — Isothermal lines, lines passing through 
places of equal mean temperature. — Humboldt. 
I-SO-TONTC, a. [Gr. igoS and -ovoS-] Having equal tones. 
IS'PvA-EL-lTE, n. A descendant of Israel or Jacob ; a Jew. 

tI'S^SH^W ] a- Pertaining to Israel.— J. P. Smith. 
la-ixA-i^L-T 1 lt±i, ) 

IS'SU-A-BLE (ish'shu-a-bl), a. That may be issued.— In law, 
an issuable term is one in which issues are made up. 



IS'SUE (ish'shu), n. [Fr. issue.] 1. The act of passing fn 
flowing out ; a moving out of any inclosed place ; egress 

2. A sending out, as of notes from a bank. 3. Event ; ef- 
fect ; consequence ; end or ultimate result. 4. Passage 
out ; outlet. 5. Progeny ; a child or children : offspring. 
6. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or 
other property. — 7. In surgery, a fontanel ; a little ulcer 
made in some part of an animal body, to promote dis- 
charges. 8. Evacuation ; discharge ; a flux or running. 
— 9. In law, the close or result of pleadings ; the point of 
matter depending in suit, on which the parties join, and 
put the case to trial by a jury, and are hence said to join 
issue. 10. A giving out from a repository ; delivery, as 
of rations for an army. 

IS'SUE (ish'shu), v. i. [It. uscire.] 1. To pass or flow out , 
to run out of any inclosed place ; to proceed, emanate, or 
spring, as from a source. 2. To go out ; to rush out, as a 
body of men. 3. To proceed, as progeny ; to spring. 4. 
To proceed ; to be produced ; to arise ; to grow or accrue. 
— 5. In legal pleadings, to come to a point in fact or law, 
on which the parties join and rest the decision of the 
cause. 6. To close ; to end ; to terminate. 

IS'SUE (ish'shu), v. t. 1. To send out ; to put into circula- 
tion. 2. To send out ; to deliver from authority. 3. To 
deliver for use. 

IS'SUED (ish'shud), pp. or a. Descended ; sent out. — Shak 

IS'SUE-LESS (ish'shu-les), a. Having no issue or progeny ; 
wanting children. 

IS'SU-ER, n. One who issues or emits. 

IS'SU-ING (ish'shu-ing), ppr. Flowing or passing out; pro 
ceeding from ; sending out. 

IS'SU-ING, n. 1. A flowing or passing out. 2. Emission , 
a sending out, as of bills or notes. 

ISTH'MI-AN (isfme-an), a. The Isthmian games were one 
of the four great festivals of Greece ; so called from their 
being celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth. — Brande. 

ISTHMUS (istmus), n. [L.] A neck or narrow slip of land 
by which two continents are connected, or by which a 
peninsula is united to the main land. 

IT, pron. [Sax. hit ; D. Jut ; G. es ; L. id.] 1. A substitute 
or pronoun of the neuter gender, sometimes called de 
monstrative, and standing for any thing except males and 
females. 2. It is much used as the nominative case or 
word to verbs called impersonal ; as, it rain3 ; it snows. 

3. It is sometimes introduced after intransitive verbs in an 
indefinite way, and often in ridicule ; as, '• Whether the 
charmer sinner it or saint it." — Pope. 

1-TALiAN (it-tal'yan), a. Pertaining to Italy. 

I-TAL-IAN (it-tal'yan), n. 1. A native of Italy. 2. The lan- 
guage used in Italy, or by the Italians. 

t I-TAL'IAN-aTE, v. t. To render Italian, or conformable te 
Italian customs. 

I-TAL'IAN-lZE (it-tal'yan-ize), v. I To play the Italian ; to 
speak Italian. 

I-TALTG, a. Relating to Italy ; applied particularly to a 
kind of type called Italics, first used by Italian printers. 

I-TAL'1-ClZE, v. t. To write or print in Italics. 

1-TAL'I-ClZ.ED, pp. or a. Written or printed in Italic letters. 

I-TALi-ClZ-ING, ppr. Printing in Italic characters. 

I-TALTCS, n. pi. Italic letters or characters ; characters 
first used in Italy, and which stand inclining ; as, Italics. 

ITCH, n. [Sax. gictha.] 1. A disgusting and irritating cuta- 
neous disease. 2. The sensation in the skin occasioned 
by the disease. 3. A constant teasing desire ; as, an itch 
for novelty. 

ITCH, v. i. [G.jucken.] 1. To feel a particular uneasiness 
in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part. 
2. To have a constant desire or teasing inclination. 

ITCHING, ppr. or a. 1. Having a sensation that calls foi 
scratching. 2. Having a constant iesire. 

ITCHING, ~n. 1. The state of the skin when we desire to 
scratch it. 2. A constant teasing desire. 

ITCHY, a. Infected with the itch. 

I'TEM, adv. [L.] Also ; a word used when something is to 
be added. 

ITEM, n. 1. An article; a separate particular in an ao 
count 2. A hint ; an innuendo. 

ITEM, v. t. To ma^e a note or memorandum of. 

I'TEM-ING, ppr. Making a memorandum of. 

t IT'ER-A-BLE <*• That may be repeated.— Brown. 

ITER- ANT, *• Repeating. — Bacon. 

ITER-ITF, v. t. [L. itero.] To repeat ; to utter or do a 
second rime. 

ITER-I-TED, pp. Repeated. 

ITEK-a-TLNG, ppr. Repeating; uttering or doing over 
again . 

JT-ER-a'TION, n. [L. iteratio.] Repetition ; recital or per- 
formance a second time. — Bacon. 

IT'ER-A-TlVE, a. Repeating. 

I-TWE-RA-CY, n. Practice of itinerating. 

I-TIN'E-RAN-CY, n. A passing from placelo place. — H.Mort. 

T-TIN'ER-ANT, a. [L. iter.] Passing or traveling about a 
country : wandering ; not settled. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNTTE ;— AN"GER, WCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH af. SH ; TH as m this, t Obsolete, 



JAC 



564 



JAD 



MTN'ER-ANT, n. One who travels from place to place, 
particularly a preacher ; one who is unsettled. 

I-TIN'ER-ANT-LY, adv. In an itinerant or roving manner. 

I-TIN'ER-A-RY, n. [Fr. itineraire; Low L.itinerarium.] An 
account of travels, or of places and their distances on a 
road. 

f-TIN'ER-A-RY, a. Traveling ; passing from place to place, 
or done on a journey. — Bacon. 

I-TIN'ER-aTE, v. i. [Low L. itinero.] To travel from place 
to place, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lectur- 
ing, &c. ; to wander without a settled habitation. 

IT-SELF', pron. [it and self.] The neutral reciprocal pro- 
noun, or substitute applied to things. 

IT'TRI-A, > n. A non-acid compound of the metal ittrium 

YTTR1-A. 5 or yttrium with oxygen. 

ITTRI-UM, n. A grayish-black metal, yttrium, which see. 

I'VO-RY, n. [Fr. ivoire.] The tusk of an elephant, a hard, 
solid, fine-grained substance, of a fine white color. The 
name is also given to the tusks or teeth of certain other 
animals, as the walrus, narwhal, &c. 

I'VO-RY, a. 1. Consisting of ivory ; made of ivory ; as, an 
ivory comb. 2. White, hard, or smooth, like ivory. 

I'VO-RY-BLA€K, n. A kind of charcoal in powder, made 
by charring ivory or bones. 

J'VO-RY-NUT, n. The nut of a species of palm (the phyte- 
lephas macrocarpa), often as large as a hen's egg, consisting 
of a close-grained and very hard substance, resembling 
the finest ivory in texture and color, and often wrought 
into ornamental work. — Silliman. 

I'VY, n. [Sax. ifig.] An epiphytic plant of the genus hedera, 
which creeps along the ground, or climbs walls, trees, &c. 

J'VY-ED } 

fVI-ED S ^ vid )' a - Overgrown with ivy. — Warton. 

1'VY-MAN-TL.ED, a. Covered with ivy 



J This letter has been added to the English alphabet in 
• modern days ; the letter / being written, formerly, in 
words where J is now used. It seems to have had the 
sound of y, in many words, as it still has in the German. 
The English sound of this letter may be expressed by dzh, 
or edzh, a compound sound coinciding exactly with that 
of g in genius. 

JAB'BER, v. i. [D. gabberen, or Fr. jaboter.] To talk rapidly 
or indistinctly ; to chatter ; to prate. — Swift. 

JAB'BER, n. Rapid talk with indistinct utterance. 

JAB'BER-ER, n. One who talks rapidly, indistinctly, or un- 
intelligibly. 

JAB'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Prating ; talking confusedly. 

JAB'BER-ING, n. Confused talk or prating. 

JABT5ER-ING-LY. adv. In a confused or jabbering manner. 

\ JAB'BER-MENT, n. Idle prate.— Milton. 

JAB1-RU, n. An aquatic bird having the habits of the stork. 

JAC'A-MaR, n. One of a genus of brilliant birds (galbula), 
allied to the king-fishers, and found in tropical climates. 
Their plumage has a metallic hue, which can not be im- 
itated by art. 

Ja'CENT, a. [L.jacens.] Lying at length. — Wotton. 

Ja'CINTH, n. [a different orthography of hyacinth.] A spe- 
cies of pellucid gems. 

JACK, n. 1. A nickname or diminutive of John, used as a 
general term of contempt for any saucy or paltry fellow. 
2. The name of an instrument that supplies the place of a 
boy ; an instrument to pull off boots. 3. A portable ma- 
chine for raising great weights through a small space. 4. 
An engine to turn a spit. 5. A young pike. — Mortimer. 6. 
I Sp. xaco, xaqueta.] A coat of mail. — Hayward. 7. A pitch- 
er of waxed leather — Dryden. 8. A small bowl thrown 
out for a mark to the bowlers. 9. Part of a musical in- 
strument called a virginal. — Bacon. 10. The male of cer- 
tain animals, as of the ass. — Arbuthnot. 11. A horse or 
wooden frame on which wood or timber is sawed. Ains- 
worth. — 12. In sea language, a flag, ensign, or colors, dis- 
played from a staff on the end of & bowsprit. — 13. In York- 
shire, half a pint.— Grose. A quarter of a pint. Pegge.— 
14. In mechanics, a machine for raiting heavy weights. 
Brande. — 15. In botany, the name of a species of the bread- 
fruit tree. — Brande. 16. A term often applied to sea-far- 
ing men. — Jack at all trades, a person who can turn his 
hand to any kind of business. — Jack by the htige, a plant 
growing under hedges. — Jack in a box. 1. A pfeut. 2. A 
large, wooden, male screw, turning in a female one, — Jack 
with a lantern, an ignis fatuus, a meteor that appears in 
low, moist lands. — Jack of the clock-house, a little man that 
strikes the quarters in a clock. 
JACK'- ARCH, n. An arch of the thickness of one brick.— 

Buchanan. 
JACK-BLOCK, n. A block used in sending top-gallant 

masts up and down. — Dana. 
JACK'-BOOTS, n. pi. Boots that serve to protect the legs. 



JACK'-FLAG, n. A flag hoisted at the sprit-sail top-mast 

head. — Encyc. 
JACK'-KETCH, n. In England, a public executioner oi 

hangman. 
JACK'-KNiFE, n. A large clasp-knife for the pocket. 
JACK'-PLaNE, n. A plane about eighteen inches long, used 

by joiners for rough work. 
JACK'-PUD-DING, n. [jack and pudding.] A merry-an- 

drew ; a buffoon ; a zany. — Gay. 
JACK'-SAUCE, n. A saucy fellow.— Shak. 
JA€K-A-DAN'DY, n. A little, foppish, impertinent fellow. 
* JACK'AL, n. [Sp. chacal.] An animal of the genus canis, 
resembling a dog and a fox. They hunt in packs, preying 
on poultry, and upon the bodies of the dead on the field 
of battle. 
JACK'A-LENT, n. Originally, a sort of puppet thrown at 
in Lent, like Shrove-tide cocks ; hence, in ridicule, a boy. 
— Shak.— Todd. 
JACK'A-NaPES, n. [jack and ape.] 1. A monkey ; an ape 

2. A coxcomb ; an impertinent fellow. 
JACK'aSS, n. 1. The male of the ass. 2. A dolt ; a block 

head. 
JACK'DAW, n. [jack and daw.] A bird of the crow kind, 

distinguished for thieving and garrulity. 
JACKET, n. [Sp. xaqueta ; Fr. jaquette.] A short, close 
garment, worn by males, extending downward to the hips , 
a short coat. 
JACK'ET-ED, a. Wearing a jacket. 

JACK'SMITH, 7i. A smith who makes jacks for the chimney 
JACO-BIN, 7i. [so named from the place of meeting, which 
was the monastery of the monks called Jacobins.} The 
Jacobins, in France, during the first revolution, were a so- 
ciety of violent revolutionists. Hence, a demagogue. 
JACO-BIN, a. The same with Jacobinical. 
JACO-BIN, n. 1. A monk of the order of Dominicans. 2. 

A pigeon with a high tuft. — Ainsworth. 
JAC-O-BIN'IC, ? a. Resembling the Jacobins of France ; 
JAC-O-BIN'IC-AL, J turbulent. 

JACO-BIN-ISM, n. Jacobinic principles ; popular turbu- 
lence. 
JACO-BIN-IZE, v. t. To taint with Jacobinism.— Burke. 
JACO-BIN-lZ£D, pp. Tainted with Jacobinism. 
JACO-BIN-lZ-ING, ppr. Infecting with Jacobinic principles. 
JACO-BIN-LY, I , T ,, rj r,- 

J AC-O-BIN'ICAL-LY, I adv ' In the manner of Jacobins. 
JACO-BlTE, n. [from Jacobus.] 1. A partisan or adherent 
of James II., king of England, after he abdicated the throne, 
and of his descendants. 2. One of a sect of Monophysite 
Christians in Syria and Mesopotamia, so named from Ja 
cob Baradzi, their distinguished leader in the sixth centu 
ry. — Murdoch. 
JACO-BlTE, a. Pertaining to the partisans of James n. 
JA€-0-BIT'I€-AL, a. Belonging to the Jacobites. 
JACO-BIT-ISM, n. The principles of the partisans of Jame» 

II. — Mason. 
Ji'COB'S-LAD'DER, 7i. 1. A plant of the genus smilax.—2 
In naval affairs, a rope-ladder with wooden steps for goin§ 
aloft. — Brande. 
Ja'COB'S-STaFF, n. LA pilgrim's staff. 2. A staff con 

cealing a dagger. 3. A cross staff; a kind of astrolabe. 
JA-Co'BUS, 7i. [L. James. J A gold coin, value twenty-fiv« 

shillings sterling, struck m the reign of James I. 
JACO-NET, 7i. A light, soft muslin of an open texture, 

used for dresses, neckcloths, &c. 
JACQUARD' (jak-kard'), n. An appendage to a loom foi 
weaving figured goods, both silk and cotton. It has also 
been applied to carpets, 
t JACTAN-CY, n. [L.jactantia.] A boasting. 
JACTI-Ta'TION, n. [L.jactatio.] 1. A tossing of the body ; 
restlessness. 2. Vain boasting. 3. A term in the canon 
law, for a false pretension to marriage. 
JACU-LITE, v. t. [h.jaculor.] To dart. 
JAC-U-LX'TION, 7i. The action of darting, throwing, o? 

lanching, as missive weapons. — Milton. 
JACU-L A-TOR, n. The shooting fish, a beautiful fish, found 
in hot climates. . It feeds on insects, which it procures by 
shooting or ejecting a drop of water through its tubular 
snout. 
JACU-L A-TO-RY, a. Darting or throwing out suddenly, or 
suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences. See 
Ejaculatoby. 
JaDE, n. 1. A mean or poor horse ; a tired horse ; a worth- 
less nag. 2. A mean woman ; a word of contempt, noting 
sometimes age, but generally vice. 3. A young woman » 
in irony or slight contempt. 
JaDE, n. A mineral, called also nephrite, of a greenish color, 

compact, and a fatty lustre ; also called ox-stone. 
JXDE, v. t. 1. To tire ; to fatigue ; to weary with hard serv- 
ice. 2. To weary with attention or study ; to tire. 3. 
To harass ; to crush.— Shak. 4. To tire or wear out in 
mean offices.— Shak. 5. To ride ; to rule with tyranny 
Shak. 
JaDE, v. i. To become weary ; to lose spirit ; to sink 



See Synopsis. 1,2,1, &c, long.— A, it, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;- -PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BQQR. 



JAN 



565 



JAV 



JAD'ED, pp. or a. Tired; wearied; fatigued; harassed. 

JaD'ER-Y, n. The tricks of a jade. — Beaum. and Fl. 

-JaD'ING, ppr. Tiring ; wearying ; harassing. 

JaD'ISH, a. 1. Vicious, as a horse. 2. Unchaste, as a 
woman. 

JAG, n. [Sp. zaga.] A small load. — Forby. [Local in En- 
gland, sometimes used in America.] See, also, Jagg. 

JAGG, v. t. To notch ; to cut into notches or teeth like 
those of a saw. 

JAGG, ) n. A notch ; a ragged protuberance ; a denticula- 

JAG, j tion. — In botany, a cleft or division. — Martyn. 

JAG'GED, pp. 1. Notched ; uneven. 2. a. Having notches 
}r teeth ; cleft ; divided ; laciniate. 

JAG'GED-NESS, n. The state of being denticulated; un- 
evenness. — Peacham. 

JAG'GER n. A brass wheel for cutting cakes. — Encyc. of 
Dom. Econ. See Jagging-iron. 

JAG'GER- Y, ru In India, dark, coarse sugar, made of the 
juice of palms. — Malcom. 

JAGGING, ppr. Notching ; cutting into teeth ; dividing. 

JAG'GING-I-RON, n. A brass wheel with a notched or jag- 
ged edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental fig- 
ures. 

JAGGY, a. Set with teeth ; denticulated ; uneven. 

JAGHiiRE (jag'ger), n. A district of land or the product 
thereof, assigned by the East Indian government to an in- 
dividual, commonly for the support of some public estab- 
lishment, particularly of a military nature. — Malcom. 

JAG'HiRE-DaR n. A person holding a jaghire. 

TAG-U-aR', n. A large and ferocious animal of South Amer- 
ica (the felis onca), often called the American tiger. 

IaH, n. [Heb. fi\] Jehovah. 

FI.IL, n. [Fr. geole ; sometimes written, improperly, gaol.] 
A prison ; a building or place for the confinement of per- 
sons arrested for debt or for crime. 

JaIL'-BiRD, n. A prisoner ; one who has been confined 
in prison. 

JaIL'-Fe-VER, n. A dangerous and often fatal fever gen- 
erated in jails and other places crowded with people. 

JaIL'ER, n. The keeper of a prison. 

JaKES, n. A house of office or back-house ; a privy. 

* JAL'AP, n. [Port, jalapa; Fr. jalap; Sp. xalapa; so called 
from Xalapa, in Mexico.] The root of a plant, much used 
in medicine as a cathartic. 

JAL'A-PIN, n. A vegetable proximate principle of the ojji- 
dnal jalap. 

JAM, n. 1. A conserve of fruits boiled with sugar and wa- 
ter. 2. A kind of frock for children. 

[AM, v. t. [Ra.ss.jem.] 1. To press ; to crowd ; to squeeze 
tight ; to wedge in. — 2. In England, to tread hard or make 
firm by treading, as land by cattle. — Grose. 

JAM, ) n. Among the lead miners of Mendip, a thick bed 

JAMB, 5 of stone which hinders them when pursuing the 
veins of ore. 

JA-Ma'CI-NA ? n. [from Jamaica.] An alkaloid obtained 

JA-MaI'CIN, 5 from the cabbage-bark tree of the West 
Indies. 

JA-MaI'€A PEPTER. See Allspice. 

JAMB (jam), n. [Fr. jambe.] 1. In architecture, a supporter ; 
the side-piece or post of a door ; the side-piece of a fire- 
place. 2. A pillar to support parts of a building. — Elmes. 

JAM-BEE', n. A name formerly given to a fashionable cane. 
— Toiler. 

\ JAM'BEUX_(zham'boo), n. pi. Armor for the legs. — Dry den. 

J5/ME-SON-ITE, n. [from Prof. Jameson.] A steel-gray ore 
of antimony and lead. 

JAMMED (jamd), pp. Pressed; crowded. 

JAM'MING, ppr. Pressing ; crowding ; wedging in. 

IaNE, n. 1. A coin of Genoa. — Spenser. 2. See Jean. 

JAN"GLE, v. i. [G. zanken.] To quarrel in words ; to alter- 
cate ; to bicker ; to wrangle.— Shak. 

TAN"GLE, v. t. To cause to sound discordantly. 

JAN"GLE, n. [Old Fr. jangle.] Prate ; babble ; discordant 

sound ; contention. — Milton. 
TAN"GLER, n. A wrangling, noisy fellow. 
TAN"GLING, ppr. Wrangling ; quarreling ; sounding dis- 
cordantly. 
IAN"GLING, n. A noisy dispute ; a wrangling. 

TAN'I-TOR, n. [L.] A door-keeper ; a porter. — Warton. 

JAN-I-Za'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Janizaries. 
TAN'I-ZA-RY, n. [Turkish yeniskerl] A soldier of the 
Turkish foot-guards. These were disbanded in 1826. 

JANTTOCK, n. Oat-bread. [Local.] 

TAN'SEN-ISM, n. The doctrine of Jansen in regard to free- 
will and grace. 

JAN'SEN-IST, n. A follower of Jansen, a Roman Catholic 
bishop in Flanders, who denied free-will, and held to inv 
6istible grace and limited atonement 
JANT. See Jaunt. 

JaNTT-LY, adv. Briskly ; airily ; gayly. 
JaNTT-NEsS, n. Airiness ; flutter ; briskness. 
JANTT, a. [Fr. gentil.] Airy ; showy ; finical. 
JAN'U-A-RY, n. [Fr. Janvier ; Port. Janeiro ; L. januarius.] 



The first month of the year, according to the present com- 
putation. 

Ja'NUS, n. [L.J A Latin deity, represented with two faces 
looking opposite ways. His temple at Rome was never 
closed except in a time of universal peace.— Brande. 

JA-PAN', n. This name is given to work varnished and 
figured in the manner practiced by the natives of Japan. 

JA-PAN', v. t. 1. To cover with a thick coat of hard, brill- 
iant varnish. 2. To black and gloss, as in blacking shoes 
or boots. — Gay. 

JA-PAN'-EARTH (-erth), n. Catechu, a dry, brown extract, 
abounding in tannin, obtained from the acacia catechu. 

JAP-A-NESE', a. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabitants. 

JAP-A-NeSE', n. A native of Japan, or the language of the 
inhabitants. 
| JA-PANKED' ( ja-pand'), pp. or a. Varnished in a particular 
manner. 

JA-PAN'NER, n. 1. One who varnishes in the manner of 
the Japanese. 2. A shoe-blacker. — Pope. 

JA-PAN'NING, ppr. Varnishing in the manner of the Japa- 
nese ; giving a glossy brilliant surface. 

JA-PAN'NING, n. The art of covering paper, wood or met 
al with a thick coat of a hard, brilliant varnish : so called 
because the Japanese first practiced it. — Brande. 

t JaPE, v. i. [Ice. geipa.] To jest. — Chaucer. 

f JaPE, v. t. [Sax. geap.~\ To cheat.— Chaucer. 

t JaPE, n. A jest ; a trick. — Chaucer. 

\ JaP'ER n. A jester. 

JA-PHETIC, a. Pertaining to Japheth, Noah's eldest son. 

JAP'U, n. A bird of Brazil that suspends its nest. 

JAR, v. i. 1. To strike together with a short rattle or trem- 
ulous sound ; to strike untunably or harshly ; to strike 
discordantly. 2. To clash ; to interfere ; to act in opposi- 
tion ; to be inconsistent. 3. To quarrel ; to dispute ; to 
clash in words. — Dryden. 4. To vibrate regularly ; to re 
peat the same sound. — Shak. 

JaR v. t. To shake ; to cause to tremble ; to cause a short 
tremulous motion in a thing. 

JiR n. 1. A rattling vibration of sound; a shake. 2. A 
harsh sound ; discord. 3. Clash of interests or opinions ; 
collision ; discord ; debate. 4. The state of a door half 
open, or ready to move and strike the post. 5. Repetition 
of the noise made by the pendulum of a clock. — Shak. 

JiR n. [Sj). jorra, jarro.] 1. A vessel with a large belly 
and broad mouth, made of earth or glass. 2. A certain 
measure. 

J AR-A-RACA, 7t. A species of poisonous serpent in America 

I tav'ttt ' \v:t. To wet or bemire. — Spenser. 

JARDES ( jardz), n. [Fr.] Callous tumors en the leg of a 
horse, below the bend of the ham on the outside. 

f JAR'GLE, v. i. To emit a harsh or shrill sound. 

JARGON, n. [Fr. jargon.] 1. Confused, unintelligible talk 
or language ; gabble ; gibberish ; cant 2. A mineral, a 
variety of zircon, which see. 

JAR-GO-NELLE' ( jar-go-nel'), n. A variety of pear. 

JAR-GON1C, a. Pertaining to the mineral jargon. 

JARR.ED, pp. [from jar.] Shaken. 

JARR'ING, ppr. or a. Shaking; making a harsh sound ; di» 
cordant 

JaR'RING, n. A shaking; discord; dispute. 

JAR'RING-LY, adv. In a jarring manner. 

Ja'SEY, n. [corrupted from jarsey or jersey.] A contempt- 
uous term for a wig, or even a bushy head of hair. — Forby 

JAS'HAWK, n. A young hawk ; a contraction of eyas-hawk. 

JAS'MINE, In. [Fr. jasmin. It is sometimes written jessa- 

JAS'MIN, i mine.] A plant of the genus }isminum, bear- 
ing beautiful flowers. 

JAS'PA-CHaTE, n. A name anciently given ta some varie- 
ties of agate jasper. — Cyc. 

JAS'PER, 72. [Fr. jaspe.] An opaque, impure variety of 
quartz, of red, yellow, and some dull colors. It admits of 
an elegant polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff-boxes 

JAS'PER-a-TED, a. Mixed with jasper. 
JAS'PER- Y, a. Having the qualities of jasper. 

JAS-PID'E-OUS, } a - Like Jasper ; consistin o of Jasper 

JAS'POID, a. [Fr. jaspe, and Gr. eidoS.] Like jasper. 

t JAS'PO-NYX, n. The purest horn-colored onyx. 

t JAUNCE, v. i. [Fr.jancer.] To jolt or shake ; the same as 

jounce, which see. 
JaUN'DICE (jan'dis), n. [Fr.jaunisse.] A disease which is 

characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, 

by loss of appetite and general languor and lassitude. 
JAUNDICED (jan'dist), a. 1. Affected with the jam 

2. Prejudiced ; seeing with discolored organs. 
JAUNT, v. i. To ramble here and there ; to make an ex 

cursion. — Shak. 
JaUNT, n. A short journey. — Syn. Trip ; tour ; excursion 

ramble, 
t JAV'EL, v. t. To wet or bemire ; and, as a noun, a wan 

dering or dirrv fellow. — Spenser. 



jaundice 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER Vi"CIOUS.— € asK: GasJ; SasZ; cHasSH: THasin this, t Obsolete. 



JEL 



566 



JES 



iVELIN (Javlin), n. [Fr.javeline.\ A sort of spear about 
live feet aud a half long, the shaft of which was of wood, 
but pointed with steel. ' 

JAW, n. [Fr.joue, the cheek.J 1. The bones of the mouth 
in which the teeth are fixed. 2. The mouth. — 3. In vulgar 
language, scolding, wrangling, abusive clamor. 

JAW, v. i. To scold ; to clamor. [ Vulgar.] 

JAW, v._ t. To abuse by scolding. [ Vulgar.} 

JAW'BoNE, n. The bone of the jaw, containing the teeth. 

J A W.ED, a. 1. Denoting the appearance of the jaws. 2. Hav- 
ing jaws. 

JAWFALL, n. Depression of the jaw; figuratively, de- 
pression of spirits. — M. Griffith. 

JAW'FALL-jEN, a. Depressed in spirits ; dejected. 

JAWING, ppr. Abusing; scolding. 

I- JAWN, v. i. To yawn. See Yawn. 

JAWY, a. Relating to the jaws. — Gayton. 

JaY, n. [Fr.geai; Sp. gayo.] A bird. The European jay 
(corvus glandarius) is of a yellowish brown color. The 
American jay, or blue jay {corvus cristatus), has a far more 
brilliant plumage, with a crest of light blue or purple, which 
it can elevate or depress at pleasure. 

JaY'ET. See Jet. 

Ja'ZEL, n. A gem of an azure blue color. [Not used.] 

JAZ'ER-ANT, n. A frock of twisted or linked mail, without 
sleeves, somewhat lighter than the hauberk. 

JEAL'OUS ( jel'us), a. [Fr. jaloux.] 1. Suspicious ; appre- 
hensive of rivalship ; uneasy through fear that another 
has withdrawn or may withdraw from one the affections 
of a person he loves, or enjoy some good which he de- 
sires to obtain. 2. Suspicious that we do not enjoy the 
affection or respect of others. 3. Emulous ; full of com- 
petition. — Dryden. 4. Solicitous to defend the honor of; 
concerned for the character of. 5. Suspiciously vigilant ; 
anxiously careful and concerned for. 6. Suspiciously 
fearful. 

JEAL'OUS-LY ( jel'us-ly), adv. With jealousy or suspicion ; 
emulously ; with suspicious fear or vigilance. 

JEAL'OUS-NESS ( jel'us-nes), n. The state of being jealous ; 
suspicion ; suspicious vigilance. — King Charles. 

JkAL'OUS-Y ( jel'us-y), n. [Fr. jalousie.] 1. That passjon 
or peculiar uneasiness which arises from the fear that a 
rival may rob us of the affection of one whom we love, or 
the suspicion that he has already done it ; or it is the un- 
easiness which arises from the fear that another does or 
will enjoy some advantage which we desire for ourselves. 
Jealousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, before a good 
is lost by ourselves, is converted into envy, after it is ob- 
tained by others. 2. Suspicious fear or apprehension. 3. 
Suspicious caution or vigilance ; an earnest concern or 
solicitude for the welfare or honor of others. 4. Indig- 
nation. 

JEaN, n. A twilled cotton cloth. — Satin jean is woven 
smooth and glossy after the manner of satin. 

JeARS, n.pl. In sea language, an assemblage of tackles by 
which the lower yards of a ship are hoisted or lowered ; 
sometimes written jeers. See Gear. 

JeAT, n. A fossil of a fine black color. [Obs.] See Jet. 

JEER, v. i. [G. scheren.] To utter severe, sarcastic reflec- 
tions; to make a mock of. — Syn. To scoff ; deride; flout; 
sneer ; gibe ; mock. 

JEER, v. t. To treat with scoffs or derision. — Howell. 

JEER, n. Railing language ; scoff; taunt; biting jest; flout; 
jibe ; mockery ; derision ; ridicule with scorn. 

JEER£D, pp. Railed at ; derided. 

JEER'ER, n. A scoffer ; a railer ; a scorner ; a mocker. 

JEERING, ppr. Scoffing ; mocking ; deriding. 

JEERING, n. Derision. 

JEER'ING-LY, adv. With raillery ; scornfully ; contempt- 
uously ; in mockery. — Derham. 

JEERS. See Jears. 

JEF'FER-SON-TTE, n. A dark-green foliated variety of 
augite. — Dana. 

t JEG'GET, n. A kind of sausage. — Ainsworth. [Not used.] 

JE-Ho'VAH, n. The Scripture name of the Supreme Being ; 
Heb. iirr. 

JE-Ho'VIST, n. Among critics, one who maintains that the 
vowel-points annexed to the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are 
the proper vowels of the word, and express the true pro- 
nunciation. 

JE-JuNE', a. [L. jejunus.] 1. Wanting ; empty ; vacant. — 
Bacon. 2. Hungry; not saturated. — Brown. 3. Dry; bar- 
ren ; wanting interesting matter ; as, a jejune style. 

JE-JuNE'LY, adv. In a jejune, empty, barren manner. — Bax- 
ter. 

JE-JuNE'NESS, n. Poverty ; barrenness ; particularly, want 
of interesting matter. [Jejunity is not used.] 

JEL'LI_ED, a. [See Jelly and Gelly.] Brought to the con- 
sistence of jelly. 

JEL'LY, n. [Sp. jalea.] 1. The inspissated juice of fruit, 
boiled with sugar. 2. Something viscous or glutinous ; 
something of the consistency of jelly ; a transparent, sizy 
substance, obtained from animal substances by decoction. 



JEL'LY-BAG, n. A bag through which jelly is distilled. 

JEM'I-DaR, ii. A native officer in the Anglo-Indian arraj 
having the rank of lieutenant. — Buchanan. 

JEM'MI-NESS, n. Spruceness. [ Vulgar.] 

JEJVTMY, a. Spruce; well dressed. — Smart. [Vulgar.\ 

Je'NiTE, ii. A different orthography of yenite, which see 

JENNET, n. A small Spanish horse, properly genet. 

JENNET-ING, n. [said to be corrupted from juneating, an 
apple ripe in June, or at St. Jean.] A species of early ap- 
ple. — Mortimer. 

JEN'NY, n. A machine for spinning, moved by water or 
steam, and used in manufactories. 

JENTLING, ii. A fish, the blue chub, found in the Danube. 

JEOFAIL (jef'fail), n. [Fr. j'aifailli.] An oversight in 
pleading or other proceeding at law ; or the acknowledg- 
ment of a mistake. 

JEOPARD (jep'ard), v. t. To put in danger of loss or inju- 
ry. — Syn. To hazard ; risk ; peril ; endanger ; expose. 

JEOP'ARD-ED (jep'ard-ed), pp. Put in danger. 

JEOPARD-ER ( jep'ard-er), n. One who puts to hazard. 

JEOPARD-ING (jep'ard-ing), ppr. Hazarding; putting in 
danger. 

JEOPARD-lZE (jep'ard-ize), v. t. To expose to loss or in- 
jury ; to jeopard. [This is a modern word, rarely used in 
England, but oftener in America ; it is synonymous with 
jeopard, and therefore useless.] 

JEOPARD-OUS ( jep'ard-us), a. Exposed to danger ; peril- 
ous ; hazardous. 

JEOPARD-OUS-LY ( jep'ard-us-ly), adv. With risk or danger. 

JEOP'ARD-Y ( jep'ard-y), n. [Fr. j'ai perdu, I have lost, or 
jeu perdu, a lost game ; G. gefahr, danger.] Exposure to 
death, loss, or injury ; hazard ; danger ; peril. 

JER'BO-A, n. A small quadruped allied to the mouse, but 
having very short fore-feet and very long hind ones ; the 
jumping mouse. 

JE™ D ''l &eDjERRID - 

JER-E-MlADE, n. [from Jeremiah, the prophet.] Lamen 
tation ; a tale of grief, sorrow, or complaint. 

JERK, v. t. [Sax. hrtzcan, herca. 1. To thrust out ; to thrust 
with a sudden effort ; to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust, 
or push. 2. To throw with a quick, smart motion. 

t JERK, v. t. To accost eagerly. — Dryden. 

JERK, n. 1. A short, sudden thrust, push, or twitch ; a 
striking against something with a short, quicit motion. 2 
A sudden spring. 

JERK.ED (jerkt), pp. Twitched ; pulled with a sudden 
effort. 

JERKED'-BEEF ( jerkt'-beef), n. Beef cut into thin slices 
and dried in the sun. — Cooley. 

JERK'ER, n. One who strikes with a quick, smart blow. 

JERK'IN, n. 1. A jacket ; a short coat ; a close waistcoat - 
South. 2. A kind of hawk. — Ainsworth. 

JERK'ING, ppr. Thrusting with a jerk. 

JERSEY, n. [from the island so called.] 1. Fine yam of 
wool. 2. The finest of wool separated from the rest , 
combed wool. 

JE-Ru'SA-LEM aR'TI-CHOKE, n. [Jerusalem here is cor- 
rupted from the Italian girasule, i. e., sunflower.] A plant, 
helianthus tuberosum, whose root is sometimes used for 
food. 

JER'VI-NA, In. [Sp. jerva, the poison of the veratrum al- 

JER'VIN, j bum.] An alkaloid obtained from the root 
of veratrum album, or white hellebore. 

JESS, ii. 1. A short strap of leather tied round the legs of 
a hawk, by which she is held on the fist. 2. A ribbon that 
hang3 down from a garland or crown in falconry. 

JES'SA-MINE, n. The popular name of certain species of 
jasminum, a genus of plants. See Jasmine. 

JES'SE, n. The old name of a large branching candlestick 
in churches, so called from its spreading out like the gen 
ealogical tree of Jesse. — Smart. 

JESS'ED, a. Having jesses on. [A term in heraldry.] 

JEST, n. [Sp. and Port, chiste.] I. Something ludicrous ut- 
tered and meant only to excite laughter. 2. The object 
of laughter or sport ; a laughing-stock. 3. A mask. 4. A 
deed; an action; [obs.] — Syn. Joke; fun; burlesque; rail- 
lery; sport. 

JEST, v. i. 1. To divert or make merry by words or ac 
tions ; to joke. 2. To utter in sport ; to say what is not 
true, merely for diversion. 3. To play a part in a mask. 
— Shak. 

JESTED, pp. Joked ; talked for merriment. 

JEST'ER, ii. 1. A person given to jesting, sportive talk, and 
merry pranks. 2. One given to sarcasm. 3. A buffoon , 
a merry-andrew, a person formerly retained by princes fci 
make sport for them. 

JEST'FUL, a. Given to jesting; full of jokes.— Brown 

JESTING, ppr. or a. Joking ; talking for diversion or mer 
riment. 

JESTING, n. A joking ■ concise wit.— Encyc. 

JESTING-STO€K, n. A laughing-stock ; a butt of ridieuln 

JESTING-LY, adv. In a jocose manner ; not in earnest. 



* See Syn^s a, e, I, &c, long— a, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



JIB 



567 



JOC 



JES'U-II , n. 1. One of the Society of Jesus, so called, found- 
ed by Ignatius Loyola in 1534 ; a society distinguished for 
craftiness. Hence, 2. A crafty person ; an intriguer. 

JES'U-IT-ED, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesu- 
its. — White. 

JES'U-IT-ES3, n. An order of nuns established on the prin- 
ciples of the Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban. — 
Hook. 

JES-U-IT'IC, > a. 1. Pertaining to the Jesuits, or their 

JES-U-IT'IC-AL, i principles and arts. 2. resigning ; cun- 
ning ; deceitful ; prevaricating. 

JES-U-ITIC-AL-LY, adv. Craftily. 

JES'U-IT-ISM, n. 1. The arts, principles, and practices of 
the Jesuits. 2 Cunning; deceit; hypocrisy; prevarica- 
tion ; deceptive practices to effect a purpose. 

JES'U-ITS'-BARK, n. Peruvian bark; the bark of certain 
species of cinchona trees, of Peru. 

JET, n. [D.git; Fr. jay et.j A mineral, a variety of lignite, 
of a compact texture and velvet-black color. It takes a 
high polish, and is used for ornaments. 

JET, n. [Ft. jet ; It. getto.] 1. A spout, spouting, or shoot- 
ing of water. 2. A yard. — Tusser. 3. Drift; scope; [not 
in use, or local.] 

JET, v. i. 1. To shoot forward ; to shoot out ; to project ; 
to jut ; to intrude. — Shah. 2. To strut ; to throw or toss 
the body in haughtiness. — Shak. 3. To jerk ; to jolt ; to 
be shaken. See Jut. 

JET'-BLACK, a. Of the deepest black ; the color of jet. 

JET VEA U (zha do'), [Fr., a throw of water.] A spout for 
delivering water. 

JET'S AM, yn. [Fr. jetter.] In law and commerce, properly, 

JET'SON, S the throwing of goods overboard, in order 

JET'TI-SON, ) to lighten a ship in a tempest, for her pres- 
ervation ; also, the goods thus thrown overboard. 

JETTEAU (jet/to), n. \Fx.jet d'eau.] A throw or spout of 
water. — Addison. 

JET'TEE, n. A projection in a building. 

JETTER, 7i. A spruce fellow ; one who struts. 

JET'TY, v. i. To jut. 

JETTY, n. A small pier ; also a projection into a river, for 
narrowing it and raising the water above that place. 

JETTY, a. Made of jet, or black as jet— Pope. 

JET'TY-HEAD, n. The projecting part of a wharf; the 
front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a 
dock. 

JEU DE MOTS (zhu' de mo'), [Fr.] A play upon words ; 
a pun. 

JEU U ESPRIT (zhu' des-pree'), [Fr.] A witticism , a play 
of wit. 

JEW (ju), n. [a contraction of Judah.] A Hebrew or Is- 
raelite. 

JEWEL (ju'el), n. [It. gioiello ; Fr. joyau; Bn. joy a, joy el ; 
G- juwel ; D. juweel.] 1. An ornament of dress, usually 
consisting of a precious stone, or set with one or more. 2. 
A precious stone. 3. A name expressive of fondness. 

JEWEL, v. t. To dress or adorn with jewels. 

JEWEL-HOUSE, \n. The place where the royal orna- 

JEWEL-OF'FlCE, j ments are reposited.— Shak. 

JEWEL-LIKE, a. Brilliant as a jewel.— Shak. 

JEWELED, pp. or a. Set or adorned with jewels. 

JEWEL-ER, n. One who makes or deals in jewels and 
other ornaments. 

JEWEL-ING, ppr. Adorning with jewels. 

JEWEL-RY, n. Jewels in general. 

JEWESS, n. A Hebrew woman. — Acts, xxiv. 

JEWISH, a. Pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews. 

JEWISH-LY, adv. In the manner of the Jews. — Donne. 

JEWTSH-NESS, n. The rights of the Jews.— Martin. 

JEWRY, n. Judea ; also, a district inhabited by Jews. 

JEWS-EAR, n. The popular name of a species of fungus. 

JEWS-FRANK-IN'CENSE, n. A plant. 

JEWS'-HaRP, n. [Jew and harp.} An instrument of music 
shaped like a harp, which, placed between the teeth, and 
by means of a spring struck by the finger, gives a sound 
which is modulated by the breath into soft melody. It is 
called, also, Jeics-trump. 

JEWS'-MAL-LoW, 92. A plant, a species of corchorus. 

JEWS-PITCH, n. Asphaltum, which see. 

JEZ'E-BEL, n. An impudent, daring, vicious woman. 

JIB, n. The foremost sail of a ship, being a large, triangular 
stay-sail, extended from the outer end of the jib-boom to- 
ward the fore-topmast-head. 

JIB'-BOOM, n. A spar which is run out from the extremity 
of the bowsprit, and which serves as a continuation of it. 

JIB -Do OR (-dore), n. A door which stands flush with the 

wall, without dressings or moldings.— Francis. 
Ji'BE, v. t. To shift a boom-sail from one side of a vessel to 

the other. 
JIB.ED, pp. Shifted from one side to the other, as a boom- 
sail. 
flB'ING, ppr. Shifting from one side to the other, as a 

boom-sail. 
U-BOY'A, n. An American serpent of the largest kind. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € 



JI€K'A-JOG, n. [a cant word iromjog.] A shake ; a pusfi. 

— Ben Jonson. 
JIF'FY, n. An instant. — Holloway. 
JIG, n. [It. giga ; Fr. gigue.] 1. A kind of light dance, or 

a tune or air. 2. A kind of farce in rhyme, with dancing, 

after a play was finished. — Ben Jonson. 
JIG, v. i. To dance a jig. 
JIG-'-MaK-ER, n. 1. One who makes or plays jigs. — Shak. 

2. A ballad-maker. — Dekker. 

JIG'-PIN, n. A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams, 
and prevent them from turning. 

JIG'GER, n. 1. In sea language, a machine used to hold on 
the cable when it is heaved into the ship, by the revolution 
of the windlass. 2. A troublesome insect. See Chegke. 

JIG'GISH, a. Suitable to a jig. 

JILL, n. A young woman ; [in contempt.] See Gill. 

JILL'-FLiRT, ?i. A light, wanton woman. — Guardian. 

JILT, n. 1. A woman who gives her lover hopes, and ca 
priciously disappoints him ; a woman who trifles with hei 
lover ; a coquette. 2. A name of contempt for a woman. 

JILT, v. t. To encourage a lover, and then frustrate hia 
hopes ; to trick in love ; to give hopes to a lover, and then 
reject him. — Dryden. 

JILT, v. i. To play the jilt ; to practice deception in love, 
and discard lovers ; to coquet. — Congrcve. 

JILTED, pp. Cheated or tricked in love. 

JILTING, ppr. Playing the jilt ; tricking hi love. 

JIM'MERS, n. pi. Jointed hinges. — Bailey. 

JIMP, a. Neat ; handsome ; elegant of shape. See Gimp. 

JIN-GALL', a. In India, a light gun mounted on a carriage 
easily borne by two men. 

JIN"GLE, v. i. To sound with a fine, sharp rattle ; to clink. 

JIN"GLE, v. t. To cause to give a sharp sound, as a little 
bell, or as pieces of metal. — Pope. 

JIN"GLE, n. 1. A rattling or clinking sound, as of little bells 
or pieces of metal. 2. A little bell or rattle. 3. Corre- 
spondence of sound in rhymes. 

JIN"GLET>, pp. Caused to give a sharp sound, as a bell or 
as pieces of metal. 

JIN"GLING, ppr. or a. Giving a sharp, fine, rattling sound, 
as a little bell, or as pieces of metal. 

JIN"GLING, n. A sharp, fine, rattling sound, as of little bells. 

JIP'PO, n. [Fr.jupe.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for fe- 
males. 

JOB, n. 1. A piece of work ; any thing to be done, whether 
of more or less importance. 2. A lucrative business ; an 
undertaking with a view to profit. — Pope. 3. A sudden 
stab with a pointed instrument. — To do the job for one, to 
kill him. 

JOB, v. t. 1. To strike or stab with a sharp instrument. 2. 
To drive in a sharp-pointed instrument. — Moxon. 

JOB, v. i. To deal in the public stocks ; to buy and sell as 
a broker. — Pope. 

JO-Ba'TION, n. A scolding; a long, tedious reproof.- 
Grose. [ Vulgar.] 

JOB'BER, n. 1. One who does small jobs. 2. A dealer in 
the public stocks or funds ; usually called a stockjobber. 

3. One who engages in a low, lucrative affair. 4. A mer- 
chant who purchases goods from importers and selh to 
retailers. 

JOB'BER-NoWL, n. [Fl. jobbe and Sax. knol] A logger- 
head; a blockhead. — Hudibras. [A low word.] 

JOB'BING, n. 1. The practice of taking jobs for profit. 2. 
The practice of purchasing of importers and selling to re- 
tailers. 

JOB'BING, ppr. Stabbing with a pointed instrument. 

JoB'S'-TeARS, n. A grass-like plant of the genus coix, with 
shining, pearly fruit, resembling falling tears. 

Jo'€ANT-RY, n. [L. jocans.] The act or practice of jesting. 
— More. [Not in good use.] 

JO€K'EY, n. [said to be from Jackey, a diminutive of Jack, 
John ; primarily, a boy who rides horses.] 1. A man who 
rides horses in a race. 2. A dealer hi horses ; one who 
makes it his business to buy and sell horses for gain. 3 
One who deceives or takes undue advantage in trade. 

JOGK'EY, v. t. 1. To play the jockey ; to cheat ; to trick 
to deceive in trade. 2. To jostle by riding against one.- 
Johnson. 

JO€K'EY£D (jok'id), pp. Cheated ; tricked in trade. 

JO€K'EY-ING, ppr. Playing the jockey ; cheating ; decciv 
ing in trade. 

JO€K'EY-ISM, n. Practice of jockeys. 

JO€K'EY-SHIP, n. The art or practice of riding horses. 
Cowper. 

JO-C5SE', a. [L.jocosus.] 1. Given to jokes and jesting, as 
a person. 2. Containing a joke, as a remark. — Syn. Jocu- 
lar ; facetious ; witty ; merry ; pleasant ; waggish ; sportive. 

JO-€5SE'LY, adv. In jest ; for sport or game"; waggishly. 

JO-€5SE'NESS, n. The quality of being jocose ; waggery; 
merriment. [Jocosity is not used.] 

JO-€0-Se'RI-OUS, a. Partaking of mirth and seriousness. 
Green. 

JOC'U-LAR, a. [L. jocularis.] 1. Given to jesting or pleasant 

K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsoleu. 



jOI 



568 



JOS 



ry, as a person. 2. Containing a joke ; not serious, as con- 
versation. — Syn. Jocose ; facetious ; humorous ; witty ; 
merry ; pleasant ; waggish ; sportive. 

JOC-U-L AR'I-T Y, n. Merriment ; jesting.— Brown. 

JOC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In jest; for sport or mirth. 

\ JOC'U-LAR-Y, a. Jocular.— Bacon. 

JOC'U-La-TOR, n. [L.] A jester ; a droll ; a minstreL 

JOC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Droll ; merrily said. 

JOCUND, a. [L.jocundus.] Characterized by life or sport- 
ive enjoyment.— Syn. Merry ; lively ; cheerful ; blithe -, 
gleeful ; gay ; mirthful ; airy ; sprightly ; sportive ; light- 
hearted. 

JO-€UND'I-TY, I •■! a . ; . •• . ^ 

jo€'und-ness, I n - state of bein s merr y ■> g & y et y- 

JOC'UND-LY, adv. Merrily ; gayly. 

JOG, v. t. To push or shake with the elbow or hand ; to 
give notice or excite attention by a slight push. 

JOG, v. i. 1. To move by jogs or small shocks, like those 
of a slow trot. — Milton. 2. To walk or travel idly, heavi- 
ly, or slowly. 

JOG, n. 1. A push ; a slight shake ; a shake or push intend- 
ed to give notice or awaken attention. 2. A rub ; a small 
stop ; obstruction. 

JOG-TROT, n. A slow, regular pace. — Grose. [Colloquial.] 

JOG'G£D ( jogd), pp. Pushed or shaken slightly. 

JOG'GER, n. 1. One who walks or moves heavily and 
6lowly. 2. One who gives a sudden push. 

JOG'GING, ppr. Pushing slightly ; moving by jogs. 

JOG'GING, n. A slight push or shake. 

JOG'GLE, v. t. [from jog.] To shake slightly ; to give a 
sudden, but slight push. 

JOG'GLE, v. i. To shake.— Derkam. 

JOGGLED, pp. Slightly shaken. 

JOG'GL£D, a. Matched by serratures to prevent sliding. 

JOG'GLING, ppr. Shaking slightly. 

JO-HAN'NeS, n. [John, Latinized.] A Portuguese gold coin 
of the value of eight dollars ; contracted often into joe ; 
as, a joe, or haifjoe. 

JOHN'-AP-PLE (jon'-ap-pl), n. A sort of apple, good for 
spring use, when other fruit is spent. — Mortimer. 

JOHN BULL, n. The well-known collective name of the 
English nation, first used in Arbuthnot's satire, The History 
of John Bull, usually published in Swift's works. — Brande. 

JOHN-Do'RY, n. [corrupted from Yr.jaune doree.] A sea- 
fish of a golden yellow color and grotesque form. 

JOHN'NY-CaKE, n. [qu. journey-cake.] A cake made of 
the meal of maize, or Indian corn, mixed with water, and 
baked on the hearth. [America.] 

JOHN'SON-ISM, n. A peculiar word or manner of Johnson. 

JOHN'S'-WoRT. See St. John's-wort. 

JOIN, v. t. [Fr. joindre.] 1. To set or bring one thing in 
contiguity with another. 2. To bring into close union or 
connection ; as, to join ideas. — Locke. 3. To unite in league 
or marriage. 4. To associate. 5. To unite in any act. 6. 
To unite in concord. — To join battle (committere prcelium), 
to commence an engagement. — Syn. To add ; connect ; 
combine ; consociate ; couple ; link ; annex. 

r OIN, v. i. 1. To grow to ; to adhere. 2. To be contigu- 
ous, close, or in contact. 3. To unite with in marriage, 
league, confederacy, partnership, or society. 

JOINTJER, n. A joining ; as, a. joinder in demurrer. 

JOINJSD, pp. Added; united; set or fastened together ; as- 
sociated; confederated. 

JOIN'ER, n. One whose occupation is to construct things 
by joining pieces of wood ; but appropriately and usually, 
a mechanic who does the wood-work in the covering and 
finishing of buildings. 

JOIN'ER- Y, n. 1. The art of fitting and joining pieces of tim- 
ber in the construction of utensils or parts of a building, 
so as to form one entire piece. 2. The work of a joiner. 
— Burke. 

JOIN'HAND, to. Writing in which letters are joined in 
words, as distinguished from writing in single letters. 

JOINING, ppr. Adding; making contiguous ; uniting; con- 
federating. 

JOINT, n. [Fr. joint.] 1. The joining of two or more things. 
— 2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more bones ; an ar- 
ticulation, as the elbow, the knee, or the knuckle. 3. A 
knot ; the union of two parts of a plant ; or the space be- 
tween two joints ; an internode. 4. A hinge ; a juncture 
of parts which admits of motion. 5. The place where two 
pieces of timber are united. — 6. In joinery, straight fines 
are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are planed. 
7. One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the butcher. — 
Out of joint, luxated ; dislocated ; hence, figuratively, in 
disorder or confusion. 
JOINT, a. 1. Shared by two or more ; as, joint property. 
2. United in the same profession ; having an interest in 
the same thing. 3. United ; combined ; acting in concert. 
JOINT, v. t. 1. To form with joints or articulations. 2. To 
form many parts into one. 3. To cut or divide into joints 
or quarters. 4. To smooth the edges of boards with a 
jointer, so that they may fit close to each other. 



JOINT-HEIR (joinf-are,, n. [joint and heir.] An heir hav 
ing a joint interest with another. 

JOINT-STOCK, 7i. Stock held in company. 

JOINT'-STO€K-€6M'PA-NY, n. A company for carrying 
on any business having the stock or capital divided into 
shares, which are transferable by each owner, without the 
consent of the other partners. The holders of the stock 
are not. in most cases, liable, in their individual capacity, 
for the debts of the company. — Brande. — Encyc. Am. 

JOINT-STOOL, n. A stool consisting of parts united. 

JOINT-TEN'AN-CY, n. A tenure of estate by unity of in- 
terest, title, time, and possession. 

JOINT-TEN'ANT, n. [joint and tenant.] One who holds an 
estate by joint-tenancy. 

JOINTED, pp. or a. 1. Formed with articulations, as the 
stem of a plant. 2. Separated into joints or quarters. 

JOINTED-LY, adv. By joints.— Smith. 

JOINTER, n. A long plane used by joiners to smooth sur- 

JOINT'ING, n. The making x>f a joint. 

JOINTLY, adv. 1. Together; unitedly; in concert; with 
co-operation. 2. With union of interest. 

JOINTRESS, n. A woman who has a jointure. 

JOINTURE, n. [Fr.] An estate in lands or tenements, set- 
tled on a woman in consideration of marriage, and which 
she is to enjoy after her husband's decease. 

JOINTURE, v. t. To settle a jointure upon. — Cowley. 

JOINTURED, pp. Endowed with a jointure. 

JOINTUR-ING, ppr. Endowing with a jointure. 

JOIST, 71. [Scot, geist, or gest.] A small piece of timber, 
such as is framed into the girders and summers of a build- 
ing to support a floor. 

JOIST, v. t. To fit in joists ; to lay joists. 

JOISTED, pp. Fitted in joists. 

JOISTING, ppr. Laying joists. 

JoKE, n. [L.jocus.] 1. A jest ; something said for the saite 
of exciting a laugh ; something witty or sportive ; raillery. 

2. An illusion ; something not real, or to no purpose. — A . 
practical joke is a trick played on a person, sometimes to 
the injury or annoyance of his body. — In joke, in jest ; to- 
me sake of raising a laugh ; not in earnest. 

JoKE, v. i. [L.jocor.] To jest; to sport; to be merry in 

words or actions. 
JoKE, v. t. To rally ; to cast jokes at ; to make merry with. 
JqKED (jokt), pp. Jested ; rallied ; made merry with. 
JoK'ER, n. A jester ; a merry fellow. — Dennis. 
JoK'ING, ppr. or a. Jesting ; making merry with. 
JoK'ING-LY, adv. In a joking way. 
J5LE, 7i. 1. The cheek; used in the phrase cheek byjoie, 

that is, with the cheeks together, close, tete-a-tete. — Dry- 
den. 2. The head of a fish. — Pope. 
t J5LE, } v. t. To strike the head against any thing ; to clash 
JoLL, y with violence. — Shalt. 
JOL-LI-FI-Ca'TION, n. Noisy festivity and merriment. [A 

low word, used sometimes in England and America.] 
JOL'LI-LY, adv. With noisy mirth ; with a disposition to 

noisy mirth. — Dryden. 
tJOL'LI-MENT. 7i. Mirth; merriment. — Spenser. 
JOL'LI-NESS, i n. 1. Noisy mirth. 2. Elevation of spirit 
JOL'LI-TY, J Sidney; [little used.]— Syn. Merriment; 

mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity: jovialty. 
JOL'LY, a. [FT.joli] 1. Merry; gay; lively; full of life 

and mirth ; jovial. 2. Expressing mirth or inspiring it 

3. Exciting mirth and gayety. 4. Plump, like one in high 
health ; pretty. — South. 

JOL'LY-B6AT,' n. [a corruption from yawl-boat] A small 

boat belonging to a ship. 
J5LT, v. i. To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings 
J5LT, v. t. To shake with sudden jerks, as in a carriage op 

rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse. 
JoLT, n. A shock or shake by a sudden jerk. — Swift. 
JoLT'-HeAD, n. A great-head; a dunce ; a blockhead. 
JoLT'ED, pp. Shaken with sudden jerks. 
JoLT'ER, n. He or that which jolts. 
JoLTING, ppr. or a. Giving sudden jerks or shakes 
JoLTING-LY, adv. So as to jolt or shake. 
* JONQUIL, n. [Fr. jonquille.) A plant of the genus narcts 

sus or daffodil, bearing beautiful flowers. 
JORT).EN, n. A vessel for chamber uses. — Swift. 
Jo'RAM, }n. A colloquial term, in several parts of England, 
Jo'RUM, 5 for a bowl or drinking vessel, and also for its 

contents, viz., nut-brown ale and toast, with sugar and 

spice. — Forby. 
Jo'SEPH, n. A riding-coat or habit for women, with but- 
tons down to the skirts, formerly much in use. 
Jo'SO. n. A small fish of the gudgeon kind. 
JOSS-STICK, n. A name given to small reeds covered 

with the dust of odoriferous woods, which the Chinese 

burn before their idols. — Malcom. 
JOS'TLE (jos'sl), v. t. [Fr.jouter. Written, also, justle.] To 

run against ; to push. 
JOS'TL-ED, pp. Run against ; pushed. 
JOS'TLING, ppr. Running against ; pushing. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fec, long.— X\ E, I, <fec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, Bl RD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



JOi r 



569 



JUL) 



JOSTLING, n. A running against; a crowding. 

JOT, n. [Gr. tura.] An iota; a point; a tittle; the least 
quantity assignable. 

JOT, v. t. To set down ; to make a memorandum of. — 
Walter Scott. 

JOTTING, ppr. Makinar a memorandum of. 

JOTTING, n. A memorandum.— Todd. 

rJOU'IS-SANCE, n. [Fr.] Jollity; merriment.— Spenser. 

JOUNCE, v. t. To shake ; to jolt, as in riding on horseback. 
" Spur-galled and tired by jouncing Bolingbroke." — Skak. 
-Forby. Used as a noun, for a jolt or shake. [Local in 
parts of England and America.} 

JOUP, v. t. To shake up ; to dash. — Grose. 

JGUEfNAL (jur'nal), «. [Fr. journal; It. giornale; L. diur- 
num.] 1. A diary ; an account of daily transactions and 
events ; or the book containing such account. — 2. Among 
merchants, a book in which every particular article or 
charge is fairly entered from the waste-book or blotter. — 
3. In navigation, a daily register of the ship's course and 
distance, the winds, weather, and other occurrences. 4. 
A paper published daily, or other newspjjper ; also, the 
title of a book or pamphlet published at stated times. 

fJoUR'NAL, a. [Fr.journale.] Daily; quotidian. — Spenser. 

J6UR'NAL-ISM (jur'nal-izm), n . \. The keeping of a jour- 
nal. — Carlisle. 2. The management of public journals. 

J6UE/NAL-IST (jur'nal-ist), n. 1. The writer of a journal 
or diary. 2. The conductor of a public journal. 

JoUR'NAL-lZE (jur'nal-Ize), v. t. To enter in a journal. 

J6UR'NAL-lZ£D yur'nal-Izd), pp. Entered in a journal. 

JoUR'NAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Entering in a journal. 

J6UR/NEY (jur'ny), n. [Fr. journee.] 1. Originally, the travel 
of a day; [obs.] 2. Travel by land to any distance and for 
any time, indefinitely ; a tour. 3. Passage from one place to 
another. 4. It may sometimes include a passing by water. 

JoUR'NEY (jur'ny). »• *'• To travel from place to place ; to 
pass from home to a distance. 

J6UR'NEY-W0RK, n. Work done for hire by a mechanic 
in his proper occupation. 

JOUR'NEY-ER (jur'ny-er), n. One who journeys. — Scott. 

J6UR'NEY-ING, ppr. Traveling ; passing from place to 
place. 

JoUR'NEY-ING, n. A traveling or passing from one place 
to another. 

J6UR'NEY-MAN, n. A mechanic who is hired to work for 
another in his employment. 

J6UST. See Just. 

J5VE, n. [L. Jovis, gen. of Jupiter.] 1. The name of the su- 
preme deity among the Romans ; Jupiter. 2. The planet 
Jupiter.-— Pope. 3. The air or atmosphere, or the god of 
the air. — Dryden. 4. In alchemy, tin. — B. Silliman, Jr. 

JoTI-AL, a. 1. Under the influence of Jupiter, the planet. 
— 2. In alchemy, a term applied to preparations of tin. 

Jo'VI-AL, a. [Fr. and Sp. jovial ; It. gioviaU.] 1. Full of mirth 
and gladness ; fond of good cheer. 2. Expressive of mirth 
and hilarity.— Syn. Merry ; joyous ; airy ; gay ; festive ; 
mirthful ; gleeful. 

Jo'VI-AL-IST, n. One who lives a jovial life.— Hall. 

Jo'VI-AL-LY, adv. Merrily ; gayly ; with noisy mirth. 

Jo'VI-AL-NESS, n. Noisy mirth ; gayety. 

Jo'VI-AL-TY, n. Merriment ; festivity.— Barrow. 

JoWL, n. The cheek. See Jole. 

JOWL'ER, n. The name of a dog, as a hunting dog, beagle, 
&c. 

JOWTER, n. One who peddles fish on horseback, i. e., a 
joker.— Ash. [Obs.] 

JOY, n. [Fr. joie.] 1. The passion or emotion excited by 
the acquisition or expectation of good; exhilaration of 
spirits, 2. The expression of high gratification or exhil- 
aration ; as, " The roofs with joy resound."— Dryden. 3. 
A prosperous and happy state ; as, to wish one joy. 4. A 
glorious and triumphant state. 5. The cause of joy or 
happiness. 6. A term of fondness ; the cause of joy. — 
Syn. Gladness ; pleasure ; delight ; happiness ; exulta- 
tion; transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gaye- 
ty ; mirth ; merriment ; festivity ; hilarity. 

JOY, v. i. To rejoice ; to be glad ; to exult. 

JOY, v. t. 1. To give joy to ; to congratulate ; to entertain 
kindly.— Prior. 2. To gladden ; to exhilarate.— Pope. 3. 
[Fr.jouir.] To enjoy; to have or possess with pleasure, 
or to have pleasure in the possession of. — Milton. — Dry- 
den ; [little -used.] See Enjoy. 

JOY'-IN-SPlR'ING, a. Inspiring joy.— Bowring. 

t JOY'ANCE, n. [Old Fr. joiant.] Gayety; festivity. 

JOYED, pp. Gladdened; enjoyed. 

JOY'FUL, a. Full of joy; very glad.— Syn. Merry; lively; 
blithe ; gleeful ; gay ; festive ; joyous ; happy ; blissful ; 
exulting. 
JOY'FUL-LY, adv. With joy ; gladly— Dryden. 
JOY'FUL-NESS, n. Great gladness ; joy. 
JOY'ING, ppr. Gladdening ; giving joy to. 
JOY'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of joy ; wanting joy. 2. Giving 

no joy or pleasure. 
JOY'LESS-LY, adv. Without joy.— Milton. 



JOY'LESS-NESS, n. State of being joyless.— Donne. 

JOY'OUS, a. [Fr. joyeux.] 1. Full of joy or gladness. 2 
Giving joy , as an occasion.— Syn. Merry ; lively ; blithe , 
gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive; festive; joyful, 
happy ; blissful ; charming ; delightful. 

JOY'OUS-LY, adv. With joy or gladness. 

JOY'OUS-NESS, n. The state of being joyous. 

t JUB, n. A bottle or vessel. — Chaucer. 

JtJ'BI-LANT, a. [L. jubilans.] Uttering songs of triumph ; 
rejoicing ; shouting with joy. — Milton. 

JU-BI-LaTE, n. [L.] A name given to the third Sunday 
after Easter, because the Church service in early times 
began that day with the words of the sixty-sixth Psalm, 
" Jubilate Deo," &c. — Brande. 

JU-BI-LITION, n. [L. jubilatio.} The act of declaring tri- 
umph. 

JO'BI-LEE, n. [Fr. jubile ; L. jubilum.] 1. Among the Jews, 
every fiftieth year, being the year following the revolution 
of seven weeks of years, at which time all the slaves 
were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated 
during the whole period reverted to their former owners. 
This was a time of great rejoicing. 2. A 6eason of great 
public joy and festivity. 3. A church solemnity or cere 
mony celebrated at Rome, in which the pope grants pie 
nary indulgence. 

JU-CUND'I-TY, 7i, [L. jucunditas.] Pleasantness ; agreea- 
bleness. — Brown. [Little used.] 

JU-DX'I€-AL \ a ' Pertainm o t0 tne Jews. — Milncr. 
JU-DaTG-AL-LY, adv. After the Jewish manner. 
Ju'DA-ISM, n. [Fr. judaisme.] 1. The religious doctrines 
and rites of the Jews, as enjoined in the laws of Moses. 

2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies. 
JU-DA-I-Za'TION, 7i. A conforming to the Jewish religion 

_or ritual. — Southey. 

JuT»A-lZE, v. i. [Fr. judaiser.] To conform to the religious 
doctrines and rites of the Jews. 

Ju'DA-lZ-ER, 7i. One who conforms to the religion of the 
Je ws. — Mackn ig ht. 

JO'DA-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Conforming to the doctrines and 
rites of the Jews. 

JO'DAS-TREE, 7i. A leguminous flowering tree common in 
the East, on which, as some say, Judas himg himself. 

JUD'DOCK, 7i. A small snipe ; called, also, jack-snipe. 

JUD6E, 7i. [Fr. juge.] 1. A civil officer who is invested 
with authority to hear and determine causes, civil oi 
criminal, between parries. 2. The Supreme Being. 3. One 
who presides in a court of judicature. 4. One who has 
skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the value 
of any thing ; one who can discern truth and propriety. — 
5. In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, with civil and 
military powers. 

JUDGE, v. i. [Fr. juger.] 1. To compare facts or idea3, and 
perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to 
distinguish truth from falsehood. 2. To form an opinion ; 
to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the mind. 

3. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial ; to pass 
sentence. 4. To discern ; to distinguish; to consider accu- 
rately, for the purpose of forming an opinion or conclusion. 

JUDGE, v. t. 1. To hear and determine a case ; to examine 
and decide. 2. To try ; to examine and pass sentence on. 
3. Rightly to understand and discern. 4. To censure 
rashly ; to pass severe sentence. 5. To esteem ; to think ; 
to reckon. 6. To rule or govern. 7. To doom to punish- 
ment ; to punish. 

JUDgE-AD'VO-CaTE, ti. A person appointed to act as 
public prosecutor in courts-martial. 

JUDGED, pp. Heard and determined; tried judicially 
sentenced ; censured ; doomed. 

JUDG'ER, n. One who judges or passes sentence. 

JUDgE'SHIP ( judj'ship), n. The office of a judge. 

JUDGING, ppr. Hearing and determining ; forming an 
opinion; dooming. 

JUDG'MENT, n. [Fr. jugement.} 1. The act of judging ; 
the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to 
find their agreement or disagreement, or in examining 
facts, to ascertain truth. 2. The faculty of the mind by 
which man is enabled to compare ideas and ascertain the 
relations of terms and propositions ; as, a person of good 
judgment. 3. The determination of the mind, formed 
from comparing the relations of ideas, or the comparison 
of facts and arguments. — 4. In law, the sentence or doom 
pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by the judge 
or court by which it is tried. 5. The right or power of 
passing sentence. — Skak. 6. A deliberate act of determ- 
ining or deciding. 7. Opinion ; notion ; as, " She, in my 
judgment, was as fan - as you." Shak. — 8. In Scripture, the 
spirit of wisdom and prudence, enabling a person to dis- 
cern right and wrong, good and evil. 9. A remarkable 
punishment ; an extraordinary calamity inflicted by God 
on sinners. 10. The spiritual government of the world. 
11. The righteous statutes and commandments of God are 
called his judgments. 12. The doctrines of the Gospel, oi 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi'CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



JUK 



570 



JUN 



God's word. 13. Justice and equity. — Luke, xi. — Isa., i. 
14. The decrees and purposes of God concerning nations. 
— Rom., xi. 15. A court or tribunal. — Matt , v. 16. Con- 
troversies, or decisions of controversies. — j Cor., vi. 17. 
The Gospel, or kingdom of grace. — Matt., xii. 18. The 
final trial of the human race, when God will decide the 
fate of every individual, and award sentence according to 
justice. — Syn. Decision ; determination ; award ; criti- 
cism ; estimate ; discrimination ; penetration ; discern- 
ment ; sagacity ; intelligence. 

fUDG'MENT-DIY, n. The last day, or day when final judg- 
ment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral 
government. 

JUDG'MENT-HALL, n. The hall where courts are held. 

JUDg'MENT-SeAT, n. 1. The seat or bench on which 
judges sit in court. 2. A court ; a tribunal. 

JUDI-CA-BLE, a. That may be tried and judged. 

Ju'DI-€A-TIVE, a. Having power to judge. — Hammond. 

Ju'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. Dispensing justice. 

Ju'DI-GA-TO-RY, n. [L. judicatorium.] 1. A court of jus- 
tice ; a tribunal. 2. Distribution of justice. — Clarendon. 

Jfj'DI-CA-TURE, n. [Fr.] 1. The power of distributing jus- 
tice by legal trial and determination. 2. A court of jus- 
tice ; a judicatory. — South. 

JU-Dl"CIAL (ju-dish'al), a. 1. Pertaining to courts of jus- 
tice. 2. Practiced in the distribution of justice. 3. Pro- 
ceeding from a court of justice. 4. Issued by a court, 
under its seal. 5. Inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment. 

JU-Di"CIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the forms of legal justice. 2. 
By way of penalty or judgment. 

JU-Di"CIA-RY (ju-dish'a-re), a. [Fr.judiciairc] 1. Passing 
judgment or sentence. 2. Pertaining to the courts of ju- 
dicature. 

JU-Dl"ClA-PcY, n. That branch of government which is 
concerned in the trial and determination of controversies 
between parties, and of criminal prosecutions ; the system 
of courts of justice in a government. [United States.] 

JU-Dl"CIOUS (ju-dish'us), a. [Fr. judicieux.] 1. According 
to sound judgment ; adapted to obtain a good end by the 
best means ; as, a judicious course. 2. Acting according 
to sound judgment ; possessing sound judgment ; directed 
by reason and wisdom, as a person. — Syn. Prudent ; ra- 
tional ; wise ; skillful ; discerning ; sagacious. 

JU-DFCIOUS-LY, adv. With good judgment; with dis- 
cretion or wisdom ; skillfully. 

JU-Dl"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of acting or being ac- 
cording to sound judgment. 

JUG, n. [D. jugge.] A vessel, usually earthen, with a swell- 
ing belly and narrow mouth, used for holding liquors. 

JUG, v. i. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain 
_birds do, especially the nightingale. 

Ju'Ga-TED, a. Coupled together. 

JUG'GLE, v. i. [D. guichelen or goochelen; It. giocolare.] 
1. To play tricks by sleight of hand ; to amuse and make 
sport by tricks, which make a false show of extraordinary 
powers. 2. To practice artifice or imposture. 

JUG'GLE, v. t. To deceive by trick or artifice. 

JUG'GLE, n. 1. A trick by legerdemain. 2. An imposture ; 
a deception. — Tillolson. 

JUG'GLER, n. [Sp'. juglar ; Fr. jongleur.] 1. One who 
practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of band ; one who 
makes sport by tricks of extraordinary dexterity. 2. A 
cheat ; a deceiver ; a trickish fellow. — Shak. 

JUG'GLER-Y, n Legerdemain. 

JUG'GLING, ppr. or a. Playing tricks by sleight of hand ; 
deceiving. 

JUG'GLING, n. 1. The act or practice of exhibiting tricks 
of legerdemain. Hence, 2. Trickery ; deceit. 

JUG'GLING-LY, adv. In a deceptive manner. 

Ju'GU-LAR, a. [L. jugulum.] Pertaining to the neck or 
_throat; as, the jugular vein. 

Ju'GU-LAR, n. A large vein of the neck. 

Ju'GU-LaTE, v. t. [L.jugulo.] To kill.— Hall. 

JO'GU-La-TED, pp. Killed; destroyed. 

Ju'GU-La-TING, ppr. Killing; destroying. 

JuICE Qiise), n. [B.juys ; Fr. jus.] The sap of vegetables ; 
the fluid part of animal substances. 

JUICE, v. t. To moisten.— Fuller. [Obs.] 

JuICED (just), pp. Moistened. 

JuICE'LESS (juseles), a. Destitute of juice; dry; without 
moisture. — More. 

JtJI'CI-NESS (ju'se-nes), n. The state of abounding with 
juice ; succulence in plants. 

JCIC'ING, ppr. Moistening. 

JuI'CY (ju'sy), a. Abounding with juice; moist; succulent. 
—-Bacon. 

JuISE, n. [L. jus.] Judgment; justice. — Gower. [Obs.] 

Ju'JUBE, n. The name of a plant and of its fruit, from 
which a pectoral compound was formerly made. The 
term jujube, or jujube paste, is now applied to an expecto- 
rant made of gum Arabic sweetened. 

^JuKE.w. i. [Fr. jucher.] To perch on something ; to bend 
the head and toss it back, as in acts of civility. — Smart. 



Ju'LEP, i. [Fr. julep.] In pharmacy, a medicine serving a? 
_a vehicle to other forms of medicine. 

JuL'IAN, a. Noting the old account of the year, as regu- 
lated by Julius Caesar, which was superseded in England 
in 1752 by the Gregorian year, or new style. — Julian pe- 
riod, see Period. 

JuL'IAN ALPS, called, also, Carnian, between Venetia and 
_Noricum. — D'Anville. 

Ju'LIS, n. A small fish; belonging to the Wrasse family, of 
a bright violet color. 

Ju'LUS, n. [Gr. tovXoS.] 1- In botany, a- catkin or ament, a 
species of inflorescence, like those of the hazel, &c. 2. A 
genus of multiped insects. 

JU-LY', n. The seventh month of the year, so called from 
Julius, the surname of Caius Csesar, who was born hi this 
month. Before that time, this month was called Qjiintilis., 
or the fifth month, as reckoned from March. 

JU-LY'-FLOW-ER, n. The name of certain species of 
_plants. See Gilly-flower. 

Ju'MaRT, n. [Fr.] The oftspring of a bull and a mare. 

JUM'BLE, v. t. ^Chaucer, jombre.] To mix in a confused 
mass ; to put or throw together without order. 

JUM'BLE, v. i. To meet, mix, or unite in a confused man- 
ner. — Swift. 

JUM'BLE, n. 1. Confused mixture, mass, or collection with- 
out order. — Swift. 2. A small cake, in shape like a ring. 

JUM'BLjBD, pp. or a. Mixed or collected in a confused 

f JUM'BLE-MENT, n. Confused mixture. 

JUM'BLER, n. One who mixes things in confusion. 

JUM'BLING, ppr. Putting or mixing in a confused mass. 

JUMB'LING-LY, adv. In a confused manner. 

tJU'MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. jumentum.] A beast of burden. 

JUMP, v. i. 1. To leap ; to skip ; to spring. 2. To spring 
over any thing; to pass to at a leap ; as, to jump to a con 
elusion. 3. To bound ; to pass from object to object ; to 
jolt. 4. To agree ; to tally; [vulg.] 5. To risk ; — Shak. 

JUMP, v. t. To pass by a leap ; to pass over eagerly or hast- 
ily. [Over is here understood.] 

JUMP, n. 1. The act of jumping ; a leap ; a spring ; a bound. 
2. A lucky chance. — Shak. 

JUMP, n. [Fr.jvpe; It. giubba.] A kind of loose or limber 
stays or waistcoat, worn by females. 

tJUMP, adv. [from jump, to agree or tally.] Exactly. — Shak. 

JUMPED (jumpt), pp. Passed by a leap. 

JUMP'ER, n. One who jumps. 

JUMP'ING, ppr. Leaping ; springing ; bounding. 

JUMPING, n. The act of leaping or springing. 

JUNCATE, n. [It. giuncata.] 1. A cheese-cake ; a kind of 
sweetmeat of curds and sugar. 2. Any kind of delicate 
food. 3. A furtive or private entertainment ; [it is now 
written junket.] 

JUNCOUS, a. [L.junceus or juncosus.] Full of bulrushes. 
[Little used.] 

JUNCTION, n. [Fr. ; L. junctio.] 1. The act or operation 
of joining. 2. Union ; coalition ; combination. 3. The 
place or point of union. 

JUNCTURE, n. [L. junctura.] 1. A joining ; union; amity. 
2. A union of two bodies ; a seam ; particularly, a joint oi 
articulation. 3. The line or point at which two bodies are 
joined. 4. A point of time ; particularly, a point rendered 
critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances. 

JUNE, n. [L. Junius ; Fr. juin.] The sixth month of the 
year, when the sun enters the sign Cancer. 

JuNE'A-TING, n. A kind of early apple, which ripens in 
June. — P. Cyc. 

JUN"GLE, n. [Hindoo.] In Hindostan, land mostly covered 
with forest trees, brush-wood, &c, or coarse, reedy vege- 
tation, but not wholly uninhabited ; sometimes equivalent 
to country, as distinguished from villages. — Malcom. 

JUN"GLY, a. Consisting of jungles ; abounding with jun- 
gles. — Asiat. Res. 

* JUNIOR (jiin'yur), a. [L.] 1. Younger ; not as old as an- 

other. 2. Noting the third year of the collegiate course in 
American colleges, or the first year in theological semi- 
naries. 

* JuN'IOR, n. 1. A person younger than another. 2. One 
in the third year of his collegiate course at an American 
college ; formerly called junior sophister. [Sec Sofhist- 
er.] Also, one in the first year of his course at a theo- 
logical seminary. 

JuN-IOR'I-TY (jun-yor'e-te), n. The state of being junior.— 
Bullokar. 

Ju'NI-PER, ii. [h.juniperus.] A tree or shrub bearing ber- 
ries of a bluish color, the oil of which is used to give to 
gin its peculiar flavor. 

JUNK, n. [L. juncus.] 1. Pieces of old cable or old cord- 
age, used for making points, gaskets, mats, &c, and, when 
untwisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum for filling 
the seams of ships. 2. A ship used in China ; a Chinese 
vessel; [an Eastern word.] 3. A thick piece. See Chunk. 

JUNK'ET, n. [See Juncate.] 1. A sweetmeat— Shak. 2. A 
stolen entertainment. 



See Synopsis. A. E, I, <fec, long.— a, e, I. <fec, short.— FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;_MoVE, BOOK, 



JUS 



571 



JUV 



JUNK'ET, v. i. 1. To feast in secret ; to make an entertain- 
ment by stealth. — Swift. 2. To feast. — South. 

JCNO, n. [L.] 1. In mythology, the sister and wife of Jupi- 
ter, reputed to preside over marriage, and protect married 
women. — 2. In astronomy, one of the small planets or as- 
teroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 

JUNTA n. [Sp.] A grand Spanish council of state. — Brande. 

JUN'TO, n. [Sp. junta; It. giunto.] A cabal ; a meeting or 
collection of men combined for secret deliberation and in- 
trigue for party purposes ; a faction. 

JDTI-TER, n. [L.] 1. The supreme deity among the Greeks 
and Romans. 2. One of the superior planets, remarkable 
for its brightness. 

JUP-PON', n. [Fr. jupon.] A short, close coat. 

Ju'RAT, n. [Fr.] In England, a magistrate in some corpo- 
rations ; an alderman, or an assistant to a bailiff. 

JtJ'RA-TO-RY, a. [Fr. juratoire.] Comprising an oath. 
[Rare.] 

JO'RE DI-VI'NO. [L.] By divine right. 

JU-RIDTG-AL, a. [L. juridicus.] 1. Acting in the distribu- 
tion of justice ; pertaining to a judge. 2. Used in courts 
of law or tribunals of justice. 

JU-RID'I€-AL-LY, adv. According to forms of law, or pro- 
ceedings in tribunals of justice ; with legal authority. 

JU-RIS-€ON'SULT, n. [L. juris consultus.] A man learned 
in the law ; a counselor at law ; a master of Roman juris- 
prudence. 

JU-RIS-DICTION, n. [Fr. ; L. jurisdiction 1. The legal 
power or authority of doing justice in cases of complaint ; 
the power of executing the laws and distributing justice. 
2. Power of governing or legislating. 3. The power or 
right of exercising authority. 4. The limit within which 
power may be exercised. 

JU-RIS-DICTION-AL. a. Pertaining to jurisdiction. 

JU-RIS-DICTIVE, a. Having jurisdiction.— Milton. 

JU-RIS-PRu'DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. jurisprudential The sci- 
ence of law ; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and 
rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the 
due administration of justice. 

JU-RIS-PRu'DENT, a. Understanding law.— West. 

JU-RIS-PRU-DENTIAL, a. Pertaining to jurisprudence. 

Ju'RIST, n. [Fr. juriste.] 1. A man who professes the sci- 
ence of law ; one versed in the law, or, more particularly, 
in the civil law ; a civilian. 2. One versed in the law of 
nations, or who writes on the subject. 

JuTLOR, n. [L.jurator.] One who serves on a jury. 

Ju'RY, n. [Fr. jure.] A number of freeholders, selected in 
the manner prescribed by law, impanneled and sworn to 
inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the 
truth on the evidence, given them in the case. — Juries are 
of two kinds, grand and petty or petit. The office of the 
former is to present for trial persons supposed to be guilty 
of an offense ; that of the latter is to try causes, both civil 
and criminal. In addition to these, there are juries of in- 
quest, which are summoned occasionally in cases of sud- 
den or violent death, to examine into the cause. 

JOTIY-MaST, n. A mast erected in a ship, to supply the 
place of one carried away in a tempest or an engagement, 
_&c. 

Jfj'RY-MAN, n. One who is impanneled on a jury, or who 
serves as a juror. 

JUS GEN'TI-UM (-she-um). [L.] The law of nations. 

JUST, a. [Fr. juste; L. Justus.] 1. Regular; orderly; due; 
suitable ; as, just array. — Addison. 2. Exactly propor- 
tioned ; proper ; as, just distance. — Shah. 3. Full ; com- 
plete to the common standard ; as, just stature. — Bacon. 
4. Full ; true ; [a sense allied to the preceding, or the same ;] 
as, to come to a just battle. Knollcs.—5. In a moral sense, 
upright; honest; having principles of rectitude ; or con- 
forming exactly to the laws, and to principles of rectitude 
in social conduct ; equitable in the distribution of justice. 
— 6. In an evangelical sense, righteous ; religious ; influ- 
enced by a regard to the laws of God. 7. Conformed to 
rules of justice ; doing equal justice ; fair ; as, just weights. 
8. Conformed to truth ; exact ; proper ; accurate ; as, a 
just idea or remark. 9. True ; founded in truth and fact, 
as a charge. 10. Innocent ; blameless ; without guilt. 
11. Equitable ; due ; merited ; as, a just sentence. 12. 
True to promises ; faithful. 13. Impartial ; allowing what 
is due ; giving fair representation of character, merit, or 
demerit. , 

JUST, adv. 1. Close or closely ; near or nearly, in place. 
2. Near or nearly, in time ; almost. 3. Exactly ; nicely ; 
accurately ; as, just alike. 4. Merely ; barely ; exactly ; 
&s,just enough. 5. Narrowly. 
JUST, n. [Fr.~ jouste, now joute ; Sp. jusla.] A mock en- 
counter on horseback ; a combat for sport or for exercise, 
in which the combatants pushed with lances and swords, 
man to man, in mock fight ; a tilt ; one of the exercises at 
tournaments. 
JUST, v. i. [Fr. jouter ; Sp. justar.] 1. To engage in mock 

fight on horseback. 2. To push ; to drive ; to justle. 
JUSTE' MIL-IE U' (zhustf inil-yu'). In French politics, a 



party which claim to hold the exact middle point between 
the old monarchical and the recent republican principles. 

JUSTICE, n. [Fr. ; Sp.justicia ; L.justitia.] 1. The virtue 
which consists in giving to every one what is his due ; 
practical conformity to the laws and to principles of rec- 
titude in the dealings of men with each other ; honesty ; 
integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. 2. Impar- 
tiality ; equal distribution of right in expressing opinions ; 
fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit. 
3. Equity ; agreeableness to right. 4. Vindictive retribu- 
tion; merited punishment. 5.~Right ; application of equi- 
ty. — 6. [Low L.justiciarius.] A person commissioned to 
hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and ad- 
minister justice to individuals. 

JUSTICE, v. t. To administer justice.— Bacon. [Rare.] 

JUSTICE-A-BLE, a. Liable to account in a court of just- 
ice. — Hayward. [Little tised.] 

t JUSTI-CER, n. An administrator of justice.— Bp. Hall. 

JUSTICE-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of a justice. 

JUS-Tl"CIA-BLE, a. Proper to be examined in courts of 
justice. 

JUS-Tl"CIA-RY, \ n. [L. justiciarius.] 1. An administrator 

JUSTICIAR, > of justice. 2. A chief justice. 3. One 
who boasts of the justice of his own act ; [not used.] 

JUST'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be proved to be just ; that 
may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude, 
or propriety. — Syn. Defensible ; vindicable ; warrantable 
excusable. 

JUST'I-Fl-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being justifiable 
rectitude ; possibility of being vindicated. 

JUST'I-Fl-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of vindi- 
cation or justification ; rightly. 

JUST-I-FI-CITION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of justifying ; a 
showing to be just or conformable to law, rectitude, or 
propriety ; vindication ; defense. 2. Absolution. Shah. — 
3. In law, the showing of a sufficient reason in court why 
a defendant did what he is called to answer. — 4. In theol- 
ogy, remission of sin and absolution from guilt and pun- 
ishment. 

JUST-IF'I-CA-TIVE, a. Justifying ; that has power to just- 
ify. 

JUST-I-FI-€i'TOR, n. One who justifies. [Little used.] 

JUST-IFTCA-TO-RY, a. Vindicatory ; defensory.— Johnson. 

JUST'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who justifies ; one who vindicates, 
supports, or defends. 2. He who pardons and absolves 
from guilt and punishment. 

JUSTI-FY, v. t. [Fr. justifies] 1. To prove or show to be 
just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or 
duty ; to vindicate as right. — 2. In theology, to pardon and 
clear from guilt. 3. To cause another to appear compar- 
atively righteous, or less guilty than one's self. 4. To 
judge rightly of. 5. To accept as just and treat with favor. 
— Syn. To defend ; maintain ; excuse ; exculpate ; absolve. 

JUSTT-FY, v. i. In printing, to agree ; to suit ; to conform 
exactly ; to form an even surface or true line with some- 
thing else. 

JUST'I-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Making or proving to be just.— 2. a. 
In theology, that has the quality of absolving from guilt ; 
as, justifying faith. 

JUSTLE (jus'sl), v. i. [See Jostle.] To run against ; to en- 
counter ; to strike against ; to clash. 

JUSTLE (jus'sl), v. t. To push ; to drive ; to force by rush- 
ing against. 

JUSTL-ED, pp. Pushed; forced, by driving against. 

JUSTLING, n. Shock ; the act of rushing against each 
other. 

JUST'LY, adv. 1. In conformity to law, justice, or propri- 
ety ; by right. 2. According to truth and facts. 3. Hon- 
estly ; fairly ; with integrity. 4. Properly ; accurately ; 
exactly. 

JUSTNESS, n. Conformity to some standard of correct- 
ness or propriety ; as, the justness of proportions, of a de- 
scription, of a claim. — Syn. Accuracy ; exactness ; cor- 
rectness ; propriety ; fitness ; reasonableness ; equity ; 
uprightness; justice. 

JUT, v. i. [a different spelling of jet.] To shoot forward 
to project beyond the main body. 

JUT, 72, A shooting forward ; a projection. 

JUT-WIN-DoW, n. A window that projects from the lint 
of a building. 

JUTTING, vpr. or a. Shooting out ; projecting. 
JUTTTNG-LY, adv. In a projecting manner. 

f JUTTY, v. i. To]ut.—Shak. 

JUTTY. n. A projection in a building ; also, a pier or mole 

Ju'VE-NAL, n. A sportive name for a youth. — Shak. 
JU-VE-NES'CENT, a. Becoming young.— Lamb. 
JU-VE-NES'CENCE, a. A growing young. 
Jfj'VE-NILE. a. [L. juvenilis.] 1. Young; youthful; &s,ju 
venile years or age. 2. Pertaining or suited to youth ; as, 
juvenile sports. 
Ju'VE-NlLE-NESS, \ n. 1. Youthfulness ; youthful age. 2. 
JU-VE-NIL1-TY, 5 Light and careless manner; the man 
ners or customs of youth. 



DOVE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. * Obsolete. 



KEC 



572 



KEE 



JUX-TA-POS'IT-ED, a. [L.juzta, and posited.] Placed near; 
adjacent or contiguous. — Macquer. 

JUX-TA-PO-Si"TION (-po-zish'un), n. [L. juxta, and posi- 
tion.] A placing or being placed in nearness or contigui- 
ty ; as the parts of a substance or of a composition. 

K. 

Kthe eleventh letter of the English alphabet, is borrowed 
j from the Greeks, being the same character as the Greek 
kappa, answering to the Oriental kaph. It represents a close 
articulation, formed by pressing the root of the tongue 
against the upper part of the mouth, with a depression of 
the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. It is usually de- 
nominated a guttural, but is more properly a palatal. Be- 
fore all the vowels it has one invariable sound, corre- 
sponding with that of c before a, o, and u, as in keel, 'ken. 
K is silent before n, as in know, knife, knee. 
As a numeral, K stands for 250 ; and, with a stroke over it, 

thus, K, for 250,000. 
KAF'FER. See Caffer. 
KA-KOX'ENE. See Cacoxene. 

KILE, n. [L. caulis.] A kind of cabbage, having the leaves 
loose and generally curled or wrinkled, but not formed 
into a close, round head. — Encyc. of Bom. Econ. 
KaLE'-YaRD, n. In Scotland, a kitchen-garden. — Jamieson. 
KA-LElD'0-S€OPE, n. [Gr. K a\os, a6oS, and oicoiieu).] An 
optical instrument, invented by Dr. Brewster, which, by 
an arrangement of reflecting surfaces, presents to the eye 
a variety of beautiful colors and perfectly symmetrical 
forms. — Ed. Encyc. 
KAL'EN-DAR. See Calendar. 
KAL'EN-DER, n. A sort of dervise. See Calender. 
KI'Ll (kale), n. A plant, a species of salsola, or glass-wort, 
the ashes of which are used in making glass. Hence alka- 
li, which see. 
Ka'LIF. See Calif. 

KAL'MI-A, n. The name of a genus of evergeen shrubs, 
natives of North America, sometimes incorrectly called 
laurel. 
KA-LOY'ER. See Caloyers. 
KAL'SO-MlNE, n. A kind of paint without oil, used on the 

walls of rooms, ceilings, <fec. 
* KAM, a. [W. cam.] Crooked ; awry. — Shak. 
KAM'SIN, n. A hot, southerly wind in Egypt, the simoom. 
KAN, ~i n. In Persia, an officer answering to a governor in 
KAUN, > Europe or America. — Among the Tartars, a chief 
KHAN, ) or prince. See Khan. 

KAN"GA-ROO', n. A singular quadruped found in New Hol- 
land. Its fore-feet are extremely short, and almost use- 
less for walking. It moves forward by leaps. 
KANTI-AN, a. Pertaining to the philosophical system of 
Emanuel Kant, a German philosopher. Used as a noun, a 
believer in the system of Kant 
KANTISM, n. The doctrines or theory of Kant. 
KANT'IST, n. A disciple or follower of Kant. 
Ka'O-LIN, n. Porcelain clay, composed of silica and alu- 
mina, from decomposed feldspar. This, in making porce- 
lain, is mingled with a fusible, earthy matter called petunse. 
KaRPH'O-LiTE, n. [Gr. Kap^os and XiOos.] A fibrous min- 
eral, occurring in tufts of a straw-yellow color, consisting 
of silica, alumina, oxyd of manganese, and water. — Dana. 
Ka'TY-DID, n. A large insect of a greenish color, belong- 
ing to the order orthoptera. They are abundant in the 
United States during the autumn ; and at night, by means 
of a membrane in their wing-covers, make a peculiar, 
harsh sound, nearly articulate, resembling the combina- 
tion ka-ty-did ; whence the name. — E. C. Herrick. 
KA-VASS', n. In Turkey, an armed constable. 
KAW, v. i. [from the sound.] To cry as a raven, crow, or 

rook. — Locke. See Caw. 
KAW, n. The cry of the raven, crow, or rook. — Dry den. 
KAWN, n. In Turkey, a public inn ; commonly khan. 
KaYLE, n. [Fr. quille.] 1. A nine-pin, a kettle-pin ; some- 
times written keel. 2. A kind of play, in Scotland, in which 
nine holes, ranged in threes, are made in the ground, and 
an iron ball rolled in among them. 
KAZ'ARD-LY, a. Unlucky ; liable to accident. [N.ofEng.] 
KEB'LAH, re. The point toward which Mohammedans turn 
their faces in prayer, being the direction of the temple at 
Mecca. 
KECK, v. i. [G. kuken.] To heave the stomach ; to reach, 

as in n effort to vomit. — Swift. [Little used.] 
KECK, n. A reaching or heaving of the stomach. 
KECK'LE (kekl), v. t. To wind old rope round a cable to 
preserve its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron 
chains round a cable to defend it from the friction of a 
rocky bottom or from the ice. 
KECK'SY (commonly pronounced kex), n. [qu. Fr. cigue.] 

Hemlock; a hollow-jointed plant— Shak. [Obs.] 
KE€K% a. 1. Resembling a kex. 2. n. An Indian scepter. 



KEDGE, n. A small anchor, with an iron stock, used to 
keep a ship steady, or in warping it ahead. [Sometimes 
written kedger.] 

KED6E, v. t. To warp, as a ship ; to move by means of a 
kedge, as in a river. 

KEDgT \ a - Brisk; livel y-— Forby. 

KEDgjBD, pp. Moved by means of a kedge. 

KEDG'ER, n. [from kedge.] 1. A small anchor used in * 
river. 2. A fish-man. — Grose. 

KEDG'ING, ppr. Moving by means of a kedge. 

KED'LACK, n. A weed that grows among wheat and rye , 
charlock. — Tusser. 

KEE, n. ; pi. of Cow. — Gay. [Local in England.] 

t KEECH, n. A mass or lump. — Percy. 

KEEK, v. i. To peep ; to look pryingly. [Scottish.] 

KEEL, n. [Sax. cole ; G. and D. kiel.] 1. The principal tim- 
ber in a ship, extending from stem to stern at the bottom, 
and supporting the whole frame. 2. A low, flat-bottomed 
vessel, used in the River Tyne to convey coals from New- 
castle for loading the colliers. — 3. In botany, the lower pe- 
tal of a papilionaceous corol, inclosing the stamens and 
pistil. — False keel, a strong piece of timber bolted under 
the main keel of a vessel. — On an even keel, in a level or 
horizontal position. 

KEEL, v. t. 1. To plow with a keel ; to navigate. — J. Bar- 
low. 2. To turn up the keel ; to show the bottom. — Shak. 

KEEL, v. t. [Sax. ccdan, to cool.] To cool ; as, to keel the 
pot. — Shak. — Smart. [Obs.] 

KEEL'-BoAT, n. 1. A large covered boat, with a keel, but 
no sails, used on American rivers to carry freight. 2. See 
Keel, No. 2. 

KEEL'-HAUL, v. t. [D. kielhaalen.] To haul under the keel 
of a ship. 

KEEL'-HAUL-ING, n. A mode of punishment by drawing 
the culprit under the bottom of a vessel by ropes from 
the yard-arms on each side. — Totten's Naval Text-Book. 

KEEL'-HAUL-ING, ppr. Inflicting punishment by drawing 
under a ship. 

KEEL' AGE, n. Duty paid for a ship entering at Hartlepool, 
England. 

KEELED, a. In botany, carinated ; having a longitudinal 
prominence on the back. — Martyn. 

KEEL'ER, In. One who works in the management of 

KEEL'MAN, > barges or vessels : the old word is heeler ; 
the modern, keelman. 

KEEL'ER, n. A shallow tub.— Ray. 

t KEEL'FAT, n. [Sax. ccelan, and fat.] A cooler ; a vessel 
in which liquor is set for cooling. 

KEELING, n. A kind of small cod, of which stock fish Is 
made. 

KEELING, ppr. Cutting with a keel. 

* KeEL'SON (kel'sun), n. A piece of timber in a ship, laid 
on the middle of the floor-timbers over the keel, fastened 
with long bolts and clinched. 

KEEN, a. [Sax cene ; D. koen.] 1. Eager ; vehement, as at 
a sport. 2. Eager ; sharp, as an appetite. 3. Sharp ; hav- 
ing a very fine edge, as a razor. 4. Piercing ; penetrating ; 
severe ; [applied to cold or to wind.] 5. Bitter ; piercing , 
acrimonious ; as, a keen retort. 6. Acute of mind ; shrewd ; 
penetrating. 

KEEN, v. t. To sharpen. — Thomson. [ Unusual.] 

KEEN'-ETED (-ide), a. Sharp-sighted. 

KEEN'- WIT-TED, a. Having acute wit or discernment 

KEENLY, adv. 1. Eagerly ; vehemently. 2. Sharly ; se- 
verely ; bitterly. 

KEEN'NESS, n. 1. Eagerness ; vehemence. 2. Sharpness ; 
fineness of edge. 3. The quality of piercing; rigor; sharp- 
ness. 4. Asperity ; acrimony ; bitterness. 5. Acuteness 
of mind; sharpness. 

KEEP, v. t. ; pret. and pp. kept. [Sax. cepan.] 1. To hold , 
to retain in one's power or possession ; not to lose or part 
with. 2. To have in custody for security or preservation. 
3. To preserve ; to retain. 4. To preserve from falling or 
from danger ; to protect support, or shield ; to guard or 
sustain. 5. To hold or restrain from departure ; to de- 
tain. 6. To tend ; to have the care of, as a garden. 7. To 
tend ; to feed ; to pasture, as cattle. 8. To preserve in 
any tenor or state ; as, " keep a stiff rim." — Addison. 9. 
To regard ; to attend to.— Dryden. 10. To hold in any 
state, as in order. 11. To continue any state, course, or 
action. 12. To practice ; to do or perform ; to obey ; to 
observe in practice ; not to neglect or violate, as a com- 
mand. 13. To fulfill ; to perform, as one's agreement 14. 
To practice ; to use habitually ; as, to keep good hours. 
15. To copy carefully. — Dryden. 16. To observe or sol- 
emnize, as a feast. 17. To board ; to maintain ; to supply 
with necessaries of life. 18. To have in the house ; to en- 
tertain, as travelers. 19. To maintain ; . not to intermit , 
as, to keep watch. 20. To hold in one's own bosom ; to 
confine to one's own knowledge ; not to disclose or com- 
municate to others ; not to betray. 21. To have in pay, aa 
a servant. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE. BOOK, 



KEN 



573 



KEY 



To keep back. 1. To reserve ; to withhold ; not tc disclose 
or communicate. 2. To restrain ; to prevent from ad- 
vancing. 3. To reserve ; to withhold ; not to deliver. — To 
keep company with. 1. To frequent the society of; to as- 
sociate with. 2. To accompany ; to go with, as on a tour. 
— To keep down, to prevent from rising ; not to lift or suf- 
ter to be raised. — To keep in. 1. To prevent from escape ; 
to hold in confinement. 2. To conceal ; not to tell or dis- 
close. 3. To restrain; to curb. — To keep off, to hinder 
from approach or attack. — To keep under, to restrain ; to 
hold in subjection. — To keep up. 1. To maintain ; to pre- 
vent from falling or diminution. 2. To maintain ; to con- 
tinue ; to hinder from ceasing. — To keep out, to hinder 
from entering or taking possession. — To keep bed, to re- 
main in bed without rising ; to be confined to one's bed. 
— To keep house. 1. To maintain a family state. 2. To re- 
main in the house ; to be confined. — To keep from, to re- 
strain ; to prevent approach. — To keep a school, to main- 
tain or support it ; more properly, to govern and instruct 
or teach a school, as a preceptor. — To keep a term, in uni- 
versities, is to reside during a term. 

KEEP, v. i. 1. To remain in any state. 2. To last ; to en- 
dure ; not to perish or be impaired, as fruit. 3. To lodge ; 
to dwell ; to reside for a time. Shak. — To keep from, to 
abstain ; to refrain. — To keep to, to adhere strictly ; not to 
neglect or deviate from. — To keep on, to go forward ; to 
proceed ; to continue to advance. — To keep up, to remain 
unsubdued ; or not to be confined to one's bed. — In popu- 
lar language, this word signifies to continue ; to repeat 
continually ; not to cease. 

KEEP, n. 1. Care or keeping ; as, the keep of a horse. — 
Wade ; [rare.] — 2. Colloquially, case ; condition. 3. Guard- 
ianship ; restraint ; [little used.] 4. A strong tower in the 
middle of a castle, the last resort in a siege. — Campbell's 
Mil. Diet. 5. A place of confinement ; in old castles, the 
dungeon. 

KEEPER, n. 1. One who keeps ; one who holds or has 
possession of any thing. 2. One who retains in custody ; 
one who has the care of a prison and the custody of pris- 
oners. 3. One who has the care of a park or other inclo- 
sure, or the custody of beasts. 4. One who has the care, 
custody, or superintendence of any thing. — Keeper of the 
Great Seal, or lord-keeper, in England, the officer intrusted 
with the king's great seal. The lord-chancellor holds this 
office. 

KEEP'ER-SHIP, n. The office of keeper.— Carew. [Rare.] 

KEEPING, ppr. Holding ; restraining ; preserving ; guard- 
ing; protecting; performing. 

KEEPING, n. 1. A holding ; restraint ; custody ; guard ; 
preservation. 2. Feed ; fodder. — 3. In painting, the ob- 
servance of a due proportion in the general light and col- 
oring of a picture, so that a proper harmony and grada- 
tion prevail throughout the whole. Brown. — Hence, 4. In 
■popular use, just proportion ; conformity; congruity ; con- 
sistency ; as, these are in keeping with each other.— Reed. 

KEEPTNG-ROOM, n. The sitting-room in which a family 
generally live. — Forby. [Sometimes used in New En- 
gland,] 

KEEP'S A KE, n. Any thing kept or given to be kept for the 
sake of the giver; a token of friendship. 

KEEVE, n. 1. A large vessel for fermenting liquors; a 
beer-tub. 2. A mashing- tub. [Local.] 

KEEVE, v. t. 1. To set in a keeve for fermentation. 2. To 
tip up a cart. — Ray. 

KEF'FE-KIL. See Kiefekil. 

KEG, n. [Fr. caque.] A small cask or barrel ; written more 
correctly cog. 

KELK, it. 1. A blow. 2. Large, detached stones. [Craven 
dialect.] 

KELK, v. t. To beat soundly. [Local.] 

KELL, n. A sort of pottage. — Ainsworth. 

KELL, n. 1. The caul or omentum. [See Caul.] 2. The 
chrysalis of the caterpillar. — Ben Jonson. 

KELP, n. [Ar. and Pers.] 1. The calcined ashes of sea- 
weed, used in the manufacture of glass. 2. A plant. The 
popular name of certain species of the genus salicornia. 

KELP'IE, n. An imaginary spirit of the waters, in the form 
of a horse. [Scottish.] 

KEL'SON. See Keelson. 

KEL'TER, n. [Dan. kilter.] Regular order or condition ; as, 
to be " out of kelter." — Barrow. 

f KEMB. v. t. [Sax. ccmban.] To comb, which see. 
f KEM'E-LIN, n. A tub ; a brewer's vessel. — Chaucer. 
KEN, v. t. [W. ceniaw ; G. kennen ; D. kennen ; Sax. con- 
nan, cunnan ; Goth, kttnnan.] 1. To see at a distance ; to 
descry. 2. To know ; to understand. — Shak. ; [obs.] 
KEN, v. i. To look round. — Burton. 
KEN, n. View ; reach of sight. — Dryden. 
KEN'DAL-GREEN, n. A species of green cloth, made at 

Kendal in England.— Shak. 
KEN'NEL, n. [Fr. chenil ; It. canile.] 1. A house or cot for 
dogs, or for a pack of hounds. 2. A pack of hounds or 
their cry. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast ; a haunt. 



KEN'NEL, n. [It. candle; Fr. canal.] 1. The water-course 

of a street ; a little canal or channel. 2. A puddle. 
KEN'NEL, v. i. To lodge ; to lie ; to dwell, as a dog or a fox. 
KEN'NEL, v. t. To keep or confine in a kennel.— Tattler. 
KEN'NEL CoAL. See Cannel Coal. 
KEN'NELED, pp. Kept in a kennel 
KEN'NEL-ING, ppr. Keeping in a kennel. 
KEN'NING, n. View ; sight.— Bacon. 
KEN'TLE (ken'tl), n. [W. cant ; L. centum.] In commerce, a 

hundred pounds in weight. [It is written and pronounced 

also, quintal.] 
KENTLEDGE, n. In seamen's language, pigs of iron for bal 

last, laid on the floor of a ship. — Mar. Diet. 
KEPT, pret. and pp. of keep. 
KEPT'-MISTRESS, n. A concubine or woman kept by a 

particular individual as his paramour. — Booth. 
KERB'-SToNE, ? „ n 
KIRB'-SToNE. \ See C™b-stone. 
KER'CHIEF (ker'chif ), n. [contracted from cover-chief; Fr. 

couvrir and chef. — Chaucer.] 1. A head-dress ; a cloth to 

cover the head. 2. A cloth used in dress. 
KERCHIEFED, 
KERCHIEFT, 



• a. Dressed ; hooded ; covered. — Milton. 



KERF, n. [Sax. cyrf; D. kerf] The cut of an ax, a saw, or 
other instrument ; the notch or slit made in wood by cut- 
ting. _ 
KER'MeS, n. In zoology, the name of an insect found on 
the quercus ilex, a species of oak in the south of Europe. 
The body is full of reddish juice, which is used in dyeing 
red. From kermes comes the word crimson. 
KER'MeS-MIN'ER-AL, n. A factitious sulphuret of anti- 
mony, obtained in the form of an orange-red powder. 

KERN, n. 1. An Irish footman or foot-soldier. Spenser. — 2. 
In English laws, an idle person or vagabond. Encyc. — 3. 
Among printers, that part of a letter which hangs over the 
body or shank. — Adams. 

KERN, n. 1. A hand-mill, consisting of two stones, one o\ 
which is turned by the hand ; usually written quern, which 
see. 2. A churn ; [obs.] 

KERN, v. i. [G. and D. kern.] 1. To harden, as corn in rip- 
ening. 2^ To take the form of corns ; to granulate. 

f KERN'-Ba-BY, n. [corn-baby.] An image dressed with 
corn, and carried before reapers to their harvest-home. 

KERN'EL, n. [Sax. cyrnel ; G. and D. kern.] 1. The edible 
substance contained in the shell of a nut. 2. Any thing 
included in a shell, husk, or integument ; a grain or corn. 
3. The seed of pulpy fruit. — Bacon. 4. The central part 
of any thing ; a small mass around which other matter ia 
concreted ; a nucleus. — Arbuthnot. 5. A hard concretion 
in the flesh. 

KERN'EL, v. i. To harden or ripen into kernels, as tha 
seeds of plants. 

KERN'ELED, a. Having a kernel. 

KERN'EL-LY, a. Full of kernels; resembling kernels. 

KER'SEY, n. [D. kerzaai.] A species of coarse woolen clotn. 

KERSEY-MERE, n. A twilled, woolen cloth ; cassimere. 
The more common spelling is cassimere. 

t KERVE, v. t. To carve. 

t KERV'ER, n. A carver. 

t Ke'SAR, n. [from Cesar.] An emperor. — Spenser. 

KES'LOP, n. The stomach of a calf prepared for rennet. — 
Grose. 

KES'TREL, n. A bird of the genus falco, or hawk kind. 

KETCH, n. [Fr. quaiche ; G. and D. kits.] A vessel with 
two masts, a main and mizzen-mast. 

KETCHUP, n. A sauce. See Catchup. 

KETTLE, n. [Sax. cetl, cetel, or cytel ; D. ketel] A vessel 
of iron or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually without 
a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liquor. 

KETTLE-DRUM, n. A drum made of a copper vessel like 
a kettle, covered with parchment. It is now seldom used. 

KET'TLE-DRUM-MER, n. The man who beats the kettle 
drum. 

KETTLE-PINS, n. Nine-pins ; skittles. 

KEV'EL, n. 1. In ships, a piece of timber serving to belav 
the sheets or great ropes by which the bottoms of the 
foresail and mainsail are extended. 2. A species of ante- 
lope found in Africa. It is similar to the gazelle in its 
manners and habits. — P. Cyc. 

KEX, n. Hemlock ; the stem of the teasel ; a dry stalk. Set 
Kecksy. 

KeY (ke), n. [Sax. cteg.] 1. In a general sense, a fastener ; 
that which fastens. 2. An instrument for shutting or open- 
ing a lock. 3. An instrument by which something is 
screwed or turned. 4. The stone which binds an arch 
[See Keystone.] — 5. In an organ or harpsichord, the key, 
or finger key, is a little lever or piece in the fore-part, by 
which the instrument is played on by the fingers. — 6. In 
music, the key, or key note, is the fundamental note or tone, 
to which the whole piece is accommodated. Also, a scale ol 
intervals. 7. An index, or that which serves to explain a 
cipher. 8. That which serves to explain any thing diffi 
cult to be understood. — 9. In the Roman Catholic Church. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K, (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



KID 



574 



KIN 



ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or the power of the pope. 10. 
A ledge or lay of rocks near the surface of the water. 11. 
The husk containing the seed of an ash. 

KEY (ke), n„ [Ir.ceigh; G.kai; Fv.quai.] A bank or wharf 
built on the side of a river or harbor for the convenience 
of loading and unloading ships, and securing them in their 
stations. It is sometimes written quay. 

KeY'-BoARD, n. In music, the whole range of the keys of 
an organ or piano-forte. 

i-KEY'-GoLD, a. Cold as an iron key; lifeless. — Shak. 

KeY'AgE, n. Money paid for the use of a key or quay. 

KEY.ED (keed), a. 1. Furnished with keys. 2. Set to a 
key, as a tune. 

Ke Y'HoLE, n. A hole or aperture in a door or lock for re- 
ceiving a key. 

KeY'SToNE, ii. The stone on the top or middle of an arch 
or vault, which, being wider at the top than at the bot- 
tom, enters like a wedge, and binds the work ; properly, 
the fastening-stone. 

KHAN (kawn), n. 1. In Persia, a governor. — In Northern 
Asia, a prince or chief. — Brande. 2. An Eastern inn or 
caravansary. 

KHAN'ATE (kawn'ate), n. The dominion or jurisdiction 
of a khan. — Tooke. 

KlBE, n. A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold ; 
an ulcerated chilblain, as in the heels. 

KlBED, a. Chapped ; cracked with cold ; affected with 
chilblains. — Darwin. 

KI-BIT'KA, n. A Tartar vehicle, consisting of a frame of 
wood, rounded at top, covered with felt, and placed on 
wheels, serving as a kind of movable habitation. — Life of 
Heber. 

KlB'Y, a. Affected with kibes. 

KICK, o. t. [W. ciciaw.] To strike with the foot. 

KICK, v. i. 1. To practice striking with the foot or feet. 
2. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence, either in 
wantonness, resistance, anger, or contempt; to manifest 
opposition. 

KICK, n. A blow with the foot or feet ; a striking or thrust 
of the foot 

KICKED (kikt), pp. Struck with the foot or feet. 

KICK'ER, n. One who kicks. 

KIGK'ING, ppr. Striking with the foot; thrusting out the 
foot with violence. 

KICK'ING, ii. The act of striking with the foot, or of yerk- 
ing the foot with violence. 

KICK'SHAW, n. [corrupted from Fr. quelque chose.] 1. 
Something fantastical or uncommon, or something that 
has no particular name. 2. A dish so changed by cooking 
that it can scarcely be known. 

t KICK'SHoE (kik'shoo), n. A dancer, [in contempt ;] a ca- 
perer ; a buffoon. — Milton. 

KICK'SY-WICK'SY, n. A man's wife, in contempt, between 
whom and her husband kicks or winks pass, as the humor 
dictates. — Shak. — Smart. 

KID, n. [Dan. kid ; Sw. kid, kidling.] 1. A young goat 2. 
A fagot ; a bundle of heath and furze. 3. A small wooden 
tub or vessel ; applied, among seamen, to one in which 
they receive their food. — Holloway. 

KID, v. t. or £ 1. To bring forth a young goat. 2. To make 
into a bundle, as fagots. 

I KID, v. t. [Sax. cythan.] To show, discover, or make 
known. — Gower. 

KID'DED, pp. Brought forth, as a young kid. 

KID'DER, n. [Sw. kyta.] An engrosser of corn, or one who 
carries corn, provisions, and merchandise about the coun- 
try for sale. 

KID'DLE, n, A kind of weir in a river for catching fish ; 
corruptly pronounced kittle. — Mag. Charta. 

KIDDoW, n. A web-footed bird, called, also, guUlcmot, sea- 
hen, or skout. — Chambers. 

KID'LING, 72. [Sw.] A young kid.— Browne. 

KID'NAP, v. t. [G. kinderdieb.] To steal a human being, 
man, woman, or child ; or to seize and forcibly carry away 
any person whatever from his own country or state into 
another. 

KID'NAPPBD (Md'napt), pp. or a. Stolen or forcibly carried 
away, as a human being. 

KID'NAP-PER, n. One who steals or forcibly carries away 
a human being ; a man-stealer. 

KID'NAP-PING, ppr. Stealing or forcibly carrying away hu- 
man beings. 

KID NAP-PING, n. The act of stealing or forcible abduction 
of a human being from his own country or state. 

KID'NEY, n. 1. The kidneys are two oblong flattened bodies, 
extending from the eleventh and twelfth ribs to the. fourth 
lumbar vertebra, behind the intestines. 2. Sort ; kind ; 
disposition ; [a ludicrous use of the word.] 3. A cant term 
for a waiting-servant. 

KID'NEY-BeAN, n. A tough kind of bean, so called from 
its sbape. 

KID'NEY-FORM, \ a. Having the form or shape of a 

KID'NEY-SHaP.ED, 5 kidney.— Kirwan. 



KID'NEY-VETCH, u. A plant of the genus anthyllii,. 
KID'NEY-WdRT, n. A plant of the genus saxifraga. 
t KlE, n. pi. Kine. [Scottish.] See, also, Kee and Ky. 
KIeF'E-KIL, n. A species of clay, called, also, meerschaurn^ 

used chiefly in forming the bowls of tobacco-pipes. Set 

Meerschaum. 
KIL, n. A Dutch word, signifying a channel or bed of a riv 

er, and hence a stream. 
KIL'DER-KIN, n. [qu. D. kinderkin.] A small barrel. 
KILL, v. t. [Sax. cwellan.] 1. To deprive of life, animal or 

vegetable, in any manner or by any means. 2. To butcher , 

to slaughter for food. 3. To quell ; to appease ; to calm ; 

to still. 

The name of clay-slate among the Cornish 



In. A small bird in America, so called from 
> its voice or note ; a species of plover. 
Deprived of life ; quelled ; calmed.- 
One who deprives of life ; he or that which 



KIL'LAS, n. 
miners. 

KILL'DEER, 

KILL'DEE, 

KILLED, pp. 

KILL'ER, n. 
kills. 

KILLING, ppr. or a. Depriving of life ; quelling. 

KILLING, n. A deprivation of life. 

KIL'LI-NlTE, n. A mineral found at Killiney, in Ireland. 

KIL'LoW, n. An earth of a blackish color. 

KILN (kil), n. [Sax. cyln.] 1. A large stove or oven ; a fab- 
ric of brick or stone which may be heated for the purpose 
of hardening, burning, or drying any thing. 2. A pile of 
brick constructed for burning or hardening. 

KILN'-DRi£D (kil'-dride), pp. or a. Dried in a kiln. 

KILN'-DRY (kil'-dri), v. t. To dry in a kiln. 

KILN'-DRY-ING, ppr. Drying in a kiln. 

KIL'O-GRAM, ) 7i. [Fr. kilogramme.] In the new system 

KIL ' O-GRAMME, 5 of French weights and measures, n 
thousand grammes, or about 2\ lbs. English. 

KI-LOL'I-TER, In. [Fr. kilolitre.] In the new French meas- 

KIL'O-Li'-TRE, > ures, a thousand litres. It contains 264 
gallons, or about 4 English hogsbeads. 

KI-LOM'E-TER, In. [Fr. kilometre.] In the French system 

KIL'O-ME- TRE, ) of measures, a thousand metres, or about 
fths of an English mile. 

KILT, n. A kind of short petticoat worn, instead of-breech- 
es, by the Highlanders of Scotland. 

t KILT, .pp. Killed; hurt. 

KILT, v. t. To tuck up ; to truss up, as the clothes. 
[Scottish.] 

KIM'BO, )a. [Celtic, cam.] Crooked; arched; bent— 

KIM'BoW, 3 To set the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands on 
the hips, with the elbows projecting outward. 

KIN, n. [Sax. cyn, cynn, or cind ; Ir. cine ; G. kind ; D. kind.] 

1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or blood. 2. Rela- 
tives ; kindred ; persons of the same race. 3. A relation ; 
a relative. 4. The same generical class ; a thing related. 
5. As a termination, kin is used as a diminutive, denoting 
small, from the sense of child ; as in manikin. 

KIN, a. Of the same nature ; kindred ; congenial. 

Kl'NATE, n. A salt formed by the union of kinic acid with 
a_base. — Ure. 

KlND, n. [Sax. cyn or cynn. See Kin.] 1. Race ; genus ; 
generic class. 2. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus. 
3. Particular nature. 4. Natural state ; produce or com- 
modity, as distinguished from money; as, taxes levied iD 
kind. — Arbuthnot. 5. Nature , natural propensity or de- 
termination.— Dryden. 6. Manner ; way ; [little used.] 7. 
Sort or species ; as, he spoke with a kind of scorn or con- 
tempt. 

KlND, a. [W. and Arm. cun.] 1. Disposed to do good to 
others, and to make them happy by granting their requests, 
supplying their wants, or assisting them in distrass ; hav 
ing tenderness or goodness of nature, as persons or feel 
ings. 2. Proceeding from tenderness or goodness of 
heart, as acts. — Syn. Benevolent ; benign ; beneficent 
bounteous ; gracious ; propitious ; generous ; indulgent 
tender ; humane ; compassionate ; good ; lenient ; clem 
ent ; mild ; gentle ; bland ; friendly ; amicable ; affection 
ate ; loving. 

KlND'-HEIRT'ED, a. [kind and heart.] Having great be- 
nevolence. 

t KlND'ED, a. Begotten.— Spenser. [See Kin.] 

KINDLE (kin'dl), v. t. [W. cynneu.] 1. To set on fire ; to 
cause to burn with flame ; to light. 2. To inflame, as the 
passions ; to exasperate ; to rouse ; to provoke ; to excite 
to action ; to heat ; to fire ; to animate. 3. [Sax. cennan.] 
To bring forth ; [obs.] 

KIN'DLE, v. i. 1. To take fire ; to begin to burn with flame. 

2. To begin to rage, or be violently excited ; to be roused 
or exasperated. 

KIN'DL.ED,,£p. Set on fire ; inflamed ; excited into action 
KIN'DLER, n. He or that which kindles or sets on fire. 
KlND'LESS, a. Destitute of kindness ; unnatural. 
KlND'LI-NESS, n. 1. Affection; aft'ectiorate disposition 

benignity. 2. Natural disposition. — Milton. 
KIN'DL ING, ppr. or a. Setting on fire; causing to bun. 

with flame ; exciting into action. 



See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.— a E, J, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD —MoVE, BOOK. 



KIN 



XL1 



KINDT Y, a. 1. Homogeneal ; congenial ; kindred ; of the 
same nature. 2. Mild"; bland ; softening. 

KIND LY, adv. With good-will ; with a disposition to make 
others happv, or to oblige ; benevolently ; favorable. 

KlNDLY-XITURED, a. Having a kind disposition.— 
Scott. 

KlXDXESS. n. 1. Benevolence ; that temper or disposition 
which delights in contributing to the happiness of others ; 
benignity of nature. 2. Any act of benevolence which 
promotes the happiness or welfare of others. — SlK. Good- 
will ; benignity ; grace ; tenderness ; compassion ; human- 
ity; indulgence: clemency; mildness; gentleness; good- 
ness ; generosity ; beneficence ; favor ; affection. 

KIX'DRED, n. [from kin, kind ; Sax. cynren.] 1. Relation 
by birth ; consanguinity. 2. Relation by marriage ; affin- 
ity. 3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the 
former. 4. Relation ; suit ; connection in kind. — Shak. 

KINDRED, a. Related ; congenial ; of the like nature or 
properties : cognate. — Dryden. 

KIXE. pi. of CouT; D. koeyen. But cotes is now used. 

KlXE'-POX. n. The vaccine disease. 

KING, 7i. [Sax. cyng, cynig, or cyaing ; G. konig ; D. kon- 
ing; Sw. konung, kung; Dan. konge.] 1. The chief mag- 
istrate or sovereign of a nation ; a man invested with su- 
preme authority over a nation, tribe, or country ; a mon- 
arch. 2. A sovereign ; a prince ; a ruler. 3. A card hav- 
ing the picture of a king. 4. The chief piece in the game 
of chess. — King at arms, an officer in England of great an- 
tiquity, and formerly of great authority, whose business is 
to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have 
the jurisdiction of armory. There are three kings at arms, 
viz., garter, clarencieux, and norroy. 

KING, v. t. In ludicrous language, to supply with a king, or 
to make royal ; to raise to royaltv. — Shak, 

KLXG'-AP-PLE, n. A kind of apple, so called. 

KTNG'-PoST, n. A beam in the frame of a roof rising from 
the tie-beam to the ridge. 

KLXGRiRD. n. An American bird (the muscicapa tyran- 
nus), so called from his boldness and success in contend- 
ing with other birds. 

KLNG'CRaFT, n. The craft of kings ; the art of governing. 
King James ; [usually in a bad sense.] 

KING'CUP, n. A flower, the butter-cup, a species of crow- 
foot. — Gay. 

tvINGDoM, n. [king and dam.] 1. The territory or coun- 
try subject to a king ; an undivided territory under the 
dominion of a king or monarch. 2. The inhabitants or 
population subject to a king. — 3. In natural history, a di- 
vision ; as the animal vegetable, and mineral kingdoms. 
4. A region ; a tract ; the place where any thing prevails 
and holds sway. — 5. In Scripture, the government or uni- 
versal dominion of God. 6. The power of supreme ad- 
ministration. 7. A princely nation or state. 8. Heaven. — 
Matt., xxvi. 9. State of glory in heaven. — Matt., v. 10. 
The reign of the • Messiah. — Matt., hi 11. Government ; 
rule ; supreme administration. 

KLNGToMED. a. Proud of royalty.— Shak. 

KINGFISHER, n. A bird of the genus alcedo, which preys 
on fish. 

\ KJNG'HQQD, n. State of being a king.— Goicer. 

KTNG'LESS, a. Having no king. — Byron. 

KTNGXlKE. a. Like a~king. 

KTNGTI-NESS. h. A state of being kindy. 

KTNGTING, n. A little king. 

KLNGTY, a. 1. Belonging to a king ; snitable to a king. — 
Shak. 2. Royal; regal; sovereign; monarchical. 3. No- 
ble ; august ; splendid ; becoming a king. 

KINGTY, adv. With an air of royalty ; with a superior dig- 
nity. 

KINGS, n. pi. The name of two books of the Old Testa- 
ment. 

KTNGS'-BENCH', n. A high court or tribunal in England. 
See Court of King's Bench. 

KING'S EN'GLISH (-ing-glish), n. An English phrase for 
correct or current language of ?ood speakers. 

KING'S-eW/L. n. A dfsease of the scrofulous kind. 

KING'S -SPeAR, n. A plant of the genus asphodelus. 

KING'SHIP, n. Royalty ; the stater office, cr dignity of a 
kins'. — King Charles. 

KING SToNE. n. A fish.— Ainsworth. 

KfNI-G, a. [D. kina.] Pertaining to cinchona. — Ure. 

KINK. 72. [Sw. kink; D. kink.]" The twist of a rope or 
thread, occasioned by a spontaneous winding of the rope 
or thread when doubled. 

KINK. v. i. To wind into a kink ; to twist spontaneously. 

KTNK, n. A fit of coughing, or a convulsive fit of laughter. 
[Scottish.] 

KLNKA-JoU, n. A plantigrade carnivorous mammal in 
South America, about as large as a full-grown cat, and with 
a prehensile tail. 

f KINKHAUST, n. The chincough. 

KTNO. n." An astringent vegetable extract, containing tan- 
nin, gum, and extractive matter. 



t KINSToLK (kinz'foke), n. [kin and folk.] Relations ; km 
dred; persons of the same family. 

KINS'MAN, n. [kin and man.] A man of the same race or 
fa m ily : one related by blood ; a relative.— Dryden. 

KINSWOM-AN, n. A female relation.— Dennis. 

Ki'-OSK', n. A Turkish open summer-house supported by 
pillars. 

KIPTER n. A term applied to salmon when unfit to be 
taken, and to the time when they are so considered. [En- 
gland.] 

KIPTERED-SAL'MON } (-sam'mun), n. A salmon split 

KIPTER. > open, salted, and dried or smok- 

ed. [Scottish.] The word kipper originally denoted a sal- 
mon after the spawning season, when it was unfit for imm* 
diate use, and was therefore salted and dried. — Jamicson. 

KIP'-SKIN, n. A kind of leather between cow-hide and 
calf-skin, made from the hides of young cattle. 

KiRK (kurk), n. [Sax. cyrc or ciric.] In Scotland, a church. 
This is the same word as church, differently written and 
pronounced. See Chttrch. 

KfRKMAN, n. One of the Church of Scotland. 

KlRScHWAS-SER, n. [Germ.] Literally, cherry -water ; a 
very strong spirit made in Germany and Switzerland from 
the fermented juice of cherries. 

KiR'TLE, n. [Sax. cyrtel.] 1. An upper garment; a gown; 
a petticoat; a short jacket; a mantle. — Johnson. 2. A 
quantitv of flax, about a hundred pounds. — Encyc. 

KiR'TLED (kuritld), a. Wearing a kirtle. 

KISS, r. t. [Sax. cyssan ; G. kussen.] 1. To salute with the 
lips. 2. To treat with fondness ; to caress.— Shak. 3. To 
touch gently. — Shak. 

KISS. n. . 1. A salute given with the lips ; a common token 
of affection. 2. A small piece of confectionery. 

KISS.ED (kist), pp. Saluted with a kiss. 

KISSER., n. One who kisses. 

KISSING, ppr. Salutin? with the lips. 

KISSING, n. The act of givinar a Mss. 

KISSTNG-CoMTIT (-kuin'fit),"?*. Perfumed sugar-plums 
to sweeten the breath. — Shak. 

KISSTNG-€RUST, n. In cookery, the crust of a loaf that 
touches another. 

tKIST. n. A chest. 

KIT, n. [D. kit.] 1. A large bottle. 2. A small fiddle. 3. A 
kind of fish-rub, and a milk-pail. 4. The whole ; particu- 
larly applied to a soldier's complement of necessaries, a 
mechanic's bundle of tools, &c. Grose. — 5. In Scottish, 
the whole ; applied to one's property, family, lineage, Sec. 
— Jamieson. 

KIT-GAT, n. A term applied to a club in London, to which 
Addison and Steele belonged ; so called from Christopher 
Cat a pastry-cook, who served, the club with mutton pies ; 
applied, also, to portraits a little less than a half length, 
because such were placed in the club-room. — Todd. 

KITCHEN. 72. [Sax. cycene ; G. kuche.] 1. A cook-room: 
the room of a house appropriated to cookery, — 2. In ships, 
the galley or caboose. 3. A utensil for roasting meat 

KITCHEN-GaR'DEN, 72. A garden or piece of "ground ap- 
propriated to the raising of vegetables for the table. 

KITCHEN-MUD, ?2. A female servant whose business i3 
to do the work of a kitchen. 

KITCHEN-STUFF, 72. Fat collected from pots and drip- 
ping-pans. — Don ne. 

KITCH EN-WENCH, n. The woman who cleans the kitch- 
en and utensils of cookery. 

KITCHEX-W6RK (-wurk), n. Work done in the kitchen, 
_as cookery, washing, &c. 

KlTE, 72. [Sax. cyta.] 1. A rapacious bird of the genus fal- 
co, or hawk. 2. A name of reproach, denoting rapacity — 
Shak. 3. A light frame of wood and paper constructed 
for flying in the air for the amusement of boys. 

KlTE, 72. "In the north of England, the belly. 

KlTE'FOOT. 72. A sort of tobacco, so called. 

KlTE'S'FOOT, 7i. A plant.— Ainsworth. 

f KITH, 72. [Sax. cyththe.] Acquaintance.— Kith and km, in- 
timate acquaintance and relationship. 

KITLLXG, 72. [L. catulus.] A whelp ; the young of a beast 
— Ben Jon son. 

KITTEN (kiftn), n. [D. katje.] A young cat, or the your? 
of the cat 

KITTEN (kit'tn). v. i. To brin? forth younsr, as a cat. 

KITTI-W1KE, 72. A bird of the gull kind. ~ 

tKITTEL } r * U £ SaX- cUdan -} To tickie -— Slurwood. 
KITTLISH, a. Ticklish ; difficult to manage.— Sir W. Scott 

—Grose. 
KlYE, 7(. [Fr. cure.] A mashing vat 
KIV'ER, r. f. To cover. [Vulgar.] 
KLICK. v. i. [a different orthography or diminutive of 

clack.] 1. To make a small sharp sound by striking two 

things together. — 2. In Scotland, to pilfer, by taking with a 

snatch. 

KLICKTNG > 72. A regular sharp noise. 



Do YE ;— BUI L. UNITE ;— AN "GER Yi'CIOUS.— € asK; GasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t ObsoleU 



KNE 



576 



KNO 



KNAB (nab), v. t. [D. knappen.] 1. To seize with the teeth. 

2. To lay hold of or apprehend. — Smart. [ Vulgar.] 
KNABB.ED, pp. Bitten; gnawed; seized. 

(• KNAB'BLE, v. i. To bite or nibble.— Brown. 

KNACK (nak), n. 1. A little machine ; a petty contrivance ; 
a toy. — Shah. 2. Dexterity in some slight operation ; ha- 
bitual facility of performance ; adroitness. 3. A nice trick. 

KNACK (nak), v. i. [G. knacken.) To crack ; to make a 
sharp, abrupt noise. [Little used.] 

KNA€K'ER (nak'er), n. 1. A maker of knacks, toys, or 
small work. 2. A rope-maker or collar-maker ; [obs.] 3. 
One who buys worn-out horses for slaughter, and cuts 
them up for dog's meat. — Smart ; [Eng.] 

KNACK'ISH, a. Trickish.— More. 

KNACK'ISH-NESS, n. Artifice ; trickishness.— More. 

KNACK'Y, a. Having a knack ; cunning ; crafty. [Local.] 

KNAG (nag), n. [Dan. knag.] 1. A knot in wood, or a pro- 
tuberant knot ; a wart. 2. A peg for hanging tilings on. 

3. The shoot of a deer's horns. 

KNAG'GY (nag'gy), a. Knotty ; full of knots ; rough with 
knots ; hence, rough in temper. 

KNAP (nap), n. [Sax. cncep.] A protuberance ; a swelling. 
— Bacon. [Little used.] See Knob. 

KNAP (nap), v. t. [D. knappen. See Knab.] 1. To bite , to 
bite off; to break short; [little used.] 2. To strike with 
a sharp noise ; [little used.] Same as snap. 

KNAP (nap), v. i. To make a short, sharp sound. 

KNAP'BOT-TLE (nap'bot-tl), n. A plant. 

KNAP'PISH (nap'pish), a. Snappish. See Snap. 

KNAP'PLE (nap'pl), v. i. To break off with an abrupt, sharp 
noise. 

KNAP'SA€K (nap'sak), n. [G. knappsack.] A frame of 
leather, or a sack for containing necessaries of food and 
clothing, borne on the back by soldiers, travelers, &c. 

KNAPWEED (nap'weed), n. A plant of the genus centau- 
rea, so called, probably, from knap, a button. 

KNaR (nar), n. [G. knor.] A knot in wood. 

KNiRLED, a. Knotted. See Gnarled. 

KNaR'RY, a. Knotty.— Chaucer. 

KNaVE (nave), n. [Sax. cnapa; G. kndbe.] 1. A boy; a 
man-child; [obs.] 2. A servant; [obs.] 3. A false, de- 
ceitful fellow ; a dishonest man or boy. 4. A card with a 
soldier painted on it. 

KNaV'ER-Y (nav'er-y), n. 1. Dishonesty ; deception in 
traffic ; trick ; petty villainy ; fraud. 2. Mischievous tricks 
or practices. 

KNIV'ISH (navlsh), a. 1. Dishonest ; fraudulent. 2. Wag- 
gish; mischievous. 

KNAV'ISH-LY (nav'ish-ly), adv. 1. Dishonestly ; fraudu- 
lently. 2. Waggishly ; mischievously. 

KNIV'ISH-NESS (nav'ish-nes), n. The quality or habit of 
knavery; dishonesty. 

KNAW'EL (naw'el), n. A plant (scleranthus) growing on 
sandy soils. 

KNeAD (need), v. t. [Sax. cncedan.] To work and press in- 
gredients into a mass, usually with the hands ; particular- 
ly, to work into a well-mixed mass the materials of bread, 
cake, or paste. 

KNeAD'ED, pp. Worked and pressed together. 

KNeAD'ING (needing), ppr. Working and mixing into a 
well-mixed mass. 

KNeAD'ING, n. The act of working and mixing into a 
mass. 

KNeAD'ING-TROUGH (need'ing-trawf), n. A trough or 
tray in which dough is worked and mixed. 

KNEE (ne), n. [Sax. cneow ; G. knie ; Dan. knee.] 1. In 
anatomy, the articulation of the thigh and leg bones. 2. A 
piece of timber or metal cut or cast with an angle some- 
what in the shape of the human knee when bent. Thus, 
in ship building, the knees used to connect the beams of a 
ship with her sides or timbers. 

f KNEE (ne), v. t. To supplicate by kneeling. — Shak. 

KNEE'-CROOK-ING (ne'-kruk-ing), a. Obsequious.— Shak. 

KNEE'-DEEP (ne'-deep), a. 1. Rising to the knees. 2. 
Sunk tothe knees. 

KNEE'-HlGH (ne'-hl), a. Rising to the knees; as, water 
knee-high. 

KNEE-PAN (ne'-pan), n. The round bone on the fore-part 
of the knee. 

KNEE'-TRIB'UTE (ne'-trib'yute), n. Tribute paid by kneel- 
ing ; worship or obeisance by genuflection. — Milton. 

KNEED (need), a. 1. Having knees.— 2. In botany, genicu- 
lated ; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee 
when a little bent ; as, kneed-grass. 

KNEE'HOL-LY (neliol-ly), n. Butchers' broom, a plant of 
the genus ruscus. 

KNEE'HoLM (ne'holm), n. Kneeholly. 

KNEEL (neel), v. i. [D. knielen ; Dan. knoler.] To bend 
the knee ; to fall on the knees. 

KNEELED, pret. and pp. of kneel. 

KNEEL'ER (nel'er), n. One who kneels. 

KNEELING (neel'ing), ppr. or a. Falling on the knees. 

KNEEL'ING-LY, adv. In a posture of kneeling. 



KNELL (nel), n. [Sax. cnyll.] The sound of a bell rung a* 
a funeral ; a tolling. 

KNELT, pret. and pp. of kneel; but kneeled is better. 

KNEW (m),pret. of know. 

KNICK'KNACK, n. Any trifle or toy. [Familiar.] 

KNlFE (nife), n. ; pi. Knives (nivz). [Sax. cnif; Dan. kntv , 
Sw. knif. ] 1. A cutting instrument with a sharp edge. 2. 
Asword or dagger. 

KNlFE'-GRlND'ER (nife-), n. One whose business it is to 
grind knives. 

KNIFE'-SHaRP'EN-ER, n. A machine for sharpening 
knives. 

KNlFE'-TRIY, n. A wicker basket or other receptacle for 
knives. 

KNIGHT (nite), n. [Sax. cniht, cneoht; G. knecht.] 1. Id 
feudal times, a knight was a man admitted to military rank 
by a certain ceremony. This privilege was conferred on 
youths of family and fortune, and hence sprung the hon- 
orable title of knight, in modern usage. A knight has, in 
England, the title of Sir. 2. A pupil or follower. — Shak. 
3. A champion. — Knight of the post, a knight dubbed at the 
whipping-post or pillory ; a hireling witness. Toone. — 
Knight of the shire, in England, one of the representatives 
of a county in Parliament, originally a knight, but now any 
gentleman having an estate in land of six hundred pounds, 
a year is qualified. 

KNlGHT (nite), v. t. To dub or create a knight, which is 
done by the king, who gives the person kneeling a blow 
with a sword, and says, rise, Sir. 

KNlGHT'-BACH'EL-OR, n, The lowest order of knights 
They were expected to remain unmarried until they had 
gained some renown by their achievements. — Brande. — 
Booth. 

KNlGHT-ER'RANT, n. [knight, and L. errans, erro, to wan 
der.] A wandering knight ; a knight who traveled in 
search of adventures for the purpose of exhibiting mili- 
tary skill, prowess, and generosity. 

KNlGHT-ER'RANT-RY, n. The practice of wandering in 
quest of adventures ; the manners of wandering knights. 

K.NiGHT'-HeADS (nite'-hedz), n.pl. In ships, the timbers 
next the stem on each side (called bollard timbers), and ris 
ing high enough to form a support for the bowsprit. 

KNlGHT'-LlKE, a. Resembling a knight.— Scott. 

KNiGHT'-MaR-SHAL, n. An officer in the household of 
the British king, having cognizance of offenses. 

KNlGHT'-SERV-lCE, n. In English feudal law, a tenure 
of lands held by knights on condition of performing mili- 
tary service. 

KNIGHTED (nifed), pp. Created a knight. 

KNIGHTHOOD, n. 1. The character or dignity of a knight 
2. A military order, honor, or degree of ancient nobility 
conferred as a reward of valor or merit. 

KNlGHT'ING, ppr. Creating knights. 

t KNlGHT'LESS, a. Unbecoming a knight.— -Spenser. 

KNlGHT'LI-NESS, n. Duties of a knight.— Spetiser. 

KNIGHTLY (nitele). a. Pertaining to a knight; becom- 
ing a knight. — Sidney. 

KNIGHTLY, adv. In a manner becoming a knight. — Sher 
wood. 

KNIT (nit), v. t. ; pret. and pp. knit or knitted. [Sax. cnyt- 
tan; Sw. knyta.\ 1. To unite, as threads by needles ; to 
connect in a kind of net- work. — 2. Figuratively, to unite 
closely, as in love. 3. To join or cause to grow together, 
as bones. — Wiseman. 4. To tie ; to fasten. 5. To draw 
together ; to contract, as one's brows. 

KNIT (nit), v. i. 1. To unite or interweave by needles. 2. 
To unite closely ; to grow together. 

KNIT (nit), n. Union by knitting ; texture. [Little used.] 

KNITCH (nich), n. A fagot or burden of wood. 

KNIT'TA-BLE (nifta-bl), a. That may be knit. 

KNITTER (nit'ter), n. One who knits. 

KNITTING (nif ting), ppr. Uniting by needles ; forming 
texture ; uniting in growth. 

KNITTING, n. 1. The formation of net-work by knitting- 
needles or machinery. 2. The net-work thus formed. — 3. 
In a more general sense, union or junction. — Wotton. 

KNITTING-NEE'DLE (nit'ting-nee'dl), n. A long needle, 
usually made of wire, used for knitting threads into stock- 
ings, garters, &c. 

KNITTING-SHeATH (nifting-), n. An instrument with a 
small perforation to receive the end of the needle in knit- 
ting. — Ash. 

KNITTLE (nitfl), n. 1. A string that draws or gathers to- 
gether a purse. 2. A small line used in ships to sling 
hammocks, &c. 

KNOB (nob), n. [Sax. cnap ; G. knopf] 1. A hard protuber 
ance ; a hard swelling or rising ; a bunch. 2. A round 
ball at the end of any thing ; as, the knob of a lock. 

KNOBBED, a. Containing knobs ; full of knobs. 

KNOB'Bl-NESS (noMbe-nes), n. The quality of having 
knobs, or of being full of protuberances. 

KNOB'BY (nob'by), a. Full of knobs or hard protuberances j 
hard. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, e, I, &c., short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, B1R1 >;— MoVE, BQQK. 



KNO 



577 



KYR 



fLNOCK (nok), v. i. [Sax. cnucian ; Sw. knacka.] 1. To 
etrike or beat with something thick or heavy. 2. To drive 
or be driven against ; to strike against ; to clash. — To 
knock under, to yield ; to submit ; to acknowledge to be 
conquered. 

KNOCK (nok), v. t. To strike ; to drive against. 2. To 
etrike a door tor admittance ; to rap. — To knock down, to 
strike down ; to fell ; to prostrate by a blow or by blows. 
— To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows. — To 
knock up, to arouse by knocking. — In popular use, to weary 
out with excessive toil ; as, the men were entirely knocked 
up. — To knock off, to force off by beating. — At auctions, to 
assign to a bidder by a blow on the counter.— In seamen's 
~<anguage, to cease ; to desist. — To knock on the head, to 
sill by a blow or by blows. 

KNOCK (nok), n. 1. A blow ; a stroke with something 
thick or heavy. 2. A stroke on a door, intended as a re- 
qtuc-t for admittance ; a rap. 

KNOOK SD (nokt), pp. Beat ; struck. 

KNOCJ'ER (nok'er), n. 1. One who knocks. 2. An instru- 
ment i * kind of hammer fastened to a door for knocking. 

KNOCKING (nok'ing), ppr. Beating ; striking. 

KNOCKING ^nok'ing), n. A beating ; a rap. 

KNoLL (nok\ v t. [Sax. cnyllan.] To ring a bell, usually 
for a funeral - Shak. 

KNoLL (nole), '. To sound, as a bell. — Shak. 

KNoLL (nole), n [Sax. cnoll] 1. The top or crown of a 
hill ; but more generally, a little round hill or mount ; a 
small elevation of v jrth. 2. The ringing of a bell. — Words- 
worth. 

KN5LL.ED, pp. Run,* <>r tolled, as a bell. 

KNoLL'ER, n. One wV-) tolls a bell.— Sherwood. 

KNoLL'ING, ppr. Ringing, as a bell. 

KNOP (nop), n. [a dift'e. , fcTi v gelling of knap or nob.] A 
knob ; a tufted top ; a bvd ; a bunch ; a button. 

KNOPPJED (nopt), a. Having knops or knobs ; fastened as 
with buttons. 

KNOPTEP^N (nop'pern), n. A species of gall-nut or ex- 
crescence, formed by the pu&?OLro of an insect on the 
flower-cups of the oak. 

OOT (not), n. [Sax. cnotta; D. Hsnoi.] 1. The complica- 
tion of threads made by knitting or iymg , a tie ; union of 
cords by interweaving. 2. Any figare, the lines of which 
frequently intersect each other; as, garden knots. — Bacon. 
3. A bond of association or union. 4. The part of a tree 
where a branch shoots. 5. A hard, prof ubtrunt joint of a 
plant. 6. A cluster ; a collection ; a group. l\s of persons. 
7. Difficulty; intricacy; something not e»s/ly colved. 8. 
Any intrigue or difficult perplexity of affairs. 9. A bird of 
the genus tringa. 10. An epaulet. — 11. In seamen's lan- 
guage, a division of the log-line, serving to met-sure the 
rate of a vessel's motion. The number of knots which 
run oft" from the reel in half a minute shows the number 
of miles the vessel. sails in an hour. 

£NOT (not), v. t. 1. To complicate or tie in a knot or knots ; 
to form a knot. 2. To entangle ; to perplex. 3. To unite 
closely. — Bacon. 

KNOT (not), v. i. 1. To form knots or joints, as in plants. 
2. To knit knots for fringe. 

KNOT'BER-RY (nofber-ry), n. A plant of the genus rubus. 

KNOTGRASS (not'gras), n. The name of several species 
of plants, so denominated from the joints of the stem. An 
infusion of it was once supposed to have the effect of stop- 
ping the growth of an animal ; and hence, " hindering 
kn otgrass."—Shak. 

KNOT'LESS (nofles), a. Free from knots ; without knots. 

KNOTTED (nofted), a. 1. Full of knots ; having knots.— 
Dryden. 2. Having intersecting figures. Shak.— -3. In ge- 
ology, a term applied to rocks which have knots or knobs 
rising from the surface. These consist chiefly of mica, 
which is less easily decomposed than the other parts of 
the rock. 

KNOTTI-NES8 (nofte-nes), n. 1. Fullness of knots ; the 
quality of having many knots or swellings. 2. Difficulty 
of solution ; intricacy. 

KNOTTING, ppr. Entangling ; uniting closely. 

KNOTTY (nof ty), a. 1. Full of knots Thaving many knots ; 
as, knotty timber. 2. Hard ; rugged. — Rowe. 3. Difficult ; 
intricate ; perplexed ; as, a knotty point. 

KNOUT (nowt), n. An instrument of punishment in Russia, 
consisting of a strap of leather about half an inch wide, 
with which stripes are inflicted on the bare back. 

KNOUT (nowt), v. t. To inflict punishment with the knout. 

KN5W (no), v. t. ; pret. knew ; pp. known. [Sax. cnawan.] 1. 
To perceive with certainty ; to understand clearly ; to 
have a clear and certain perception of truth, fact, or any 
thing that actually exists. 2. To be informed of; to be 
taught. 3. To distinguish. 4. To recognize by recollec- 
tion, remembrance, representation, or description. 5. To 
be no stranger to ; to be familiar. — 6. In Scripture, to have 
sexual commerce with. — Gen., iv. 7. To approve. 8. To 
learn. — Prov., i. 9. To acknowledge with due respect. — 
1 Thess., v. 10. To choose ; to favor or take an interest 



j in. — Amos, hi. 11. To commit ; to have.— 2 Cor. 12. Tc 
have full assurance of ; to have satisfactory evidence of 
any thing, though short of certainty. 
j KNoW (no), v. i. 1. To have clear and certain perception ; 
not to be doubtful. 2. To be informed. 3. To take cog- 
nizance of ; to examine. 
[ KNoWA-BLE (no'a-bl), a. That may be known ; that may 

be discovered, understood, or asceitained. 
j KNoW'ER (no'er), n. One who knows. 
j KNOWING (no'ing), ppr. 1. Having clear and certain per- 
ception of. 2. a. Skillful ; well informed ; well instructed 
3. Conscious ; intelligent ; significant. 
! KNOWING (no'ing), n. Knowledge.— Shak. 

KNOWING-LY (no'ing-ly), adv. With knowledge. 

*KN5WL'EDgE (nollej), n. 1. A clear and certain per 
ception of that which exists, or of truth and fact ; tin per- 
ception of the connection and agreement, or disagreement 
and repugnancy, of our ideas ; cognition. 2. Learning ; er- 
udition ; science ; illumination of mind. 3. Skill 4. Ac- 
quaintance with any fact or person. 5. Cognizance ; no- 
tice. — Ruth, ii. 6. Information ; power of knowing. — 
Sidney. 7. Sexual intercourse ; but it is usual to prefix 
carnal. 

t KN5WL'EDgE, for acknowledge or avow. — Bacon. 

KNoWN (none), pp. or a. [from know.] Perceived ; under- 
stood ; recognized. 

tKNUB (nub), \v. t. To beat; to strike with the 

fKNUB'BLE (nubhl), j knuckle. 

KNUGK'LE (nukl), n. [Sax. cnucl; G. knOchel] 1. The 
joint of a finger, particularly when protuberant by the 
closing of the fingers. 2. The knee-joint of a calf. 3. 
The joint of a plant. — Bacon ; [obs.] 

KNUCK'LE (nukl), v. i. To yield ; to submit in contest to 
an antagonist. [From the old practice of striking the un- 
der side of a table when beaten in argument. — Smart.] 

KNU€K'L£D (nukld), a. Jointed.— Bacon. 

t KNUFF (nuff ), n. A lout ; a clown, 

KNUR (nur), In. [G. knorren.] A knot; a hard eub- 

KNURL (nurl), J stance. — Woodward. 

XNURL.ED, a. Full of knots. 

KNURL'Y (nurly), a. Full of knots ; hard. 

KNUR'RY (nurry), a. Full of knots. 

Ko'BA, n. An animal resembling an antelope, found in Cen- 
tral Africa. 

KoH, n. Cow ; the word used in calling cows. [Pers. koh ; 
G. kuh ; D. koe ; Dan. koe ; Sw. ko, a cow. It is remarkable 
that our farmers have retained the exact pronunciation ot 
this word from the earliest ages.] 

Ko'KOB, n._ A venomous serpent of America. 

KOL'LY-RlTE, n. [Gr. KoWvptov.] A variety of clay. See 

CoLLYRITE. 

KOM'MA-NIG, n. The crested lark of Germany. 

KON'IL-lTE, n. [Gr. novoi and >£0oy.] A silicious mineral 

Ko'NITE. See Conite. 

Ko'PEGK, n. A Russian coin, about the value of a cenfc. 

Ko'RAN (pronounced by Oriental scholars korawn), n. [Ar.Ji 
The Mohammedan book of faith ; the alkoran. 

Ko'RET, n. A delicious fish of the East Indies. 

KoU'MISS, In. A liquor made among the Calmucks by 

Ku'MISS, 5 fermenting mare's milk, and from which 
they distill an intoxicating spirit called rack or racky. — 
Ure. 

KOU'PHO-LlTE, n. [Gr. K ov<pos and XiBog.] A mineral, a 
variety of pruhnite. — Dana. 

KRa'AL, n. In the southern part oj Africa, among the Hot- 
tentots, a village ; a collection of huts. 

KRa'KEN, n. A supposed enormous 6ea-animal, so large as 
to be mistaken for an island. 

KRe'A-SOTE. See Creosote. 

KREM'LIN, n. [from Russ. krem, a fortress.] In Russia, the 
citadel of a town or city. The term is particularly applied 
to the ancient citadel of Moscow, which now contains an, 
imperial palace, several churches and convents, an arsenal, 
&c, which, situated on a hill, with their gilded domes and 
spires, have a magnificent appearance. — Baird. 

KPoJ'KA, n. A bird of Russia and Sweden.— Pennant. 

KRUL'LER n. [D. krullen, to curl. This is curl with the 
letters transposed.] A cake curled or crisped, boiled in faL 

KRy'O-LITE, n. See Cryolite. 

Ku'FIC, a. The Kufic letters were the ancient letters of the 
Arabic, so called from Kufa, on the Euphrates. 

Ku'MISS, n. See Koumiss. 

Ku'RIL, n. A bird, the black petrel.— Pennant. 

KU-RIL'I-AN, a. The Kurilian isles are a chain of islands 
in the Pacific, near Kamtschatka. 

tKY, n._ Kine. 

KY'A-NlTE, n. [written, also, cy anile.] A very hard, infusi- 
ble mineral, occurring usually in long, thin, blade-like 
crystals, of a blue or bluish- white color, and consisting ol 
silicajmd alumina. — Dana. 

KY'AN-lZE, v. t. [from Kyan, the inventor of the prr.t-ss.}' 
To prevent the rotting of wood by immersing it in a solu- 
tion of corrosive sublimate or other substance. 



B6VE; 



-BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as .1 • 
Oo 



Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this 



Obsolete, 



LAB 



578 



LAC 



K.YRI-E. A word used at the beginning of all masses. It 

is sometimes used to denote the movement itself. It is 

the vocative case of the Greek Kvptog, Lord. 

KYR-I-O-LOg'IC, la. [Gr. K vptog and aovo?.] Repre- 

KYR-I-O-LOg'IC-AL, 5 senting objects by conventional 

signs or alphabetical characters. 



Lthe twelfth letter of the English alphabet, is usually 
5 denominated a semi-vowel, or a liquid. It has only one 
sound in English, as in like, canal. At the end of mono- 
syllables it is often doubled, as in fall, full, tell, bell ; but 
not after diphthongs and digraphs ; foul, fool, prowl, growl, 
foal, &c, being written with a single I. In English words, 
the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, 
and I has a feeble sound ; as in able, eagle, pronounced 
abl, eagl. _ 

As a numeral, L denotes 50, and with a dash, L, 50,000. 

In accounts, L stands for pound, [L. libra, pound.] It is also 
used for a.book or division of a work, [L. liber.] 

LA (law), exclam. Look ; see ; behold. — Shah. 

LX, the sixth of the musical syllables in Guido's scale, do or 
ut being the first. 

\ LAB, n. A great talker ; a blabber. — Chaucer. 

LAB'A-DIST, n. A follower of Jean de Labadie, who was a 
zealous, but mystical and rather indiscreet, reformer of 
the 17th century. 

LAB'A-RUM, n. [L.] A standard, having the figure or em- 
blem of Christ woven in gold on purple cloth, borne be- 
fore the Emperor Constantine after his conversion to 
Christianity. 

LAB'DA-NUM. See Ladanum. 

LAB-E-FACTION, n. [L. labefactio.] A weakening or loos- 
ening ; a failing; decay; downfall; ruin. 

f LAB'E-FY, v. t. To weaken or impair. — Diet. 

La'BEL, n. |W. llab, a strip ; labed,.a. label.] 1. A narrow 
slip of silk, paper, or parchment, containing a name or 
title, and affixed to any thing, denoting its contents. 2. 
Any paper annexed to a will by way of addition, as a 
codicil. — 3. In heraldry, a fillet, with pendants or points, 
added to the family arms by an eldest or only son, while 
his father is still living. 4. A long, thin brass rule, with a 
small sight at one end, and a center-hole at the other, 
commonly used with a tangent-line on the edge of a cir- 
*cumferentor, to take altitudes, &c. — 5. In Gothic archi- 
tecture, the drip-stone, a projecting molding over door- 
ways, windows, &c. 

La'BEL, v. t. To affix a label to. 

LA/BEL.ED, pp. Furnisned with a label. 

La'BEL-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by a label. 

LI'BENT, a. [L. labens.] Sliding; gliding.— Diet. 

La'BI-AL, a. [Fr.] Pertaining to the lips ; formed by the lips. 

La'BI-AL, n. A letter or character representing an articu- 
lation of the lips ; as b, f m, p, v. 

La'BI-AL-LY, adv. By means of the lips. 

La'BI-ATE, la. [from L. labium.] In botany, a labiate 

La'BI-a-TED, > corol is irregular, monopetalous, with two 
'lips, i. e., monopetalous. consisting of a narrow tube with 
a wide mouth, divided into two or more segments, ar- 
ranged in two opposite divisions or lips. 

f La'BiLE, a. [Low L. labilis.] Liable to err, fall, or apos- 
tatize. — Cheyne. 

La-BI-O-DENTAL, a. [labium and dens.] Formed or pro- 
nounced by the co-operation of the lips and teeth ; as / 
and v. 

La'BOR, n. [L. labor.] 1. Exertion of muscular strength, 
or bodily exertion which occasions weariness or fatigue. 
■2. Intellectual exertion ; application of the mind which 
•occasions weariness. 3. Exertion of mental powers, unit- 
ed with bodily employment. 4. Any thing done, or to 
be done, which requires wearisome exertion. 5. Heroic 
achievement. 6. The pangs and efforts of childbirth. 7. 
The evils of life ; trials ; persecution, &c. — Syn. Work ; 
•toil; task; effort; pains; travail. 

La'BOR, v. i. [L. laboro.] 1. To exert muscular strength ; 
to act or move with painful effort, particularly in servile 
occupations. 2. To exert one's powers of body or mind, 
or both, in the prosecution of any design ; to take pains. 
3. To be burdened. 4. To move with difficulty. — Glan- 
ville. 5. To move irregularly with little progress ; to pitch 
and roll heavily, as a vessel in a storm. 6. To be in dis- 
tress ; to be pressed. — Dryden. 7. To be in travail ; to 
suffer the pangs of childbirth. 8. To journey or march. 

9. To perform the duties of the pastoral office. — 1 Tim., v. 

10. To perform Christian offices. — To labor under, to be 
■afflicted with ; to be burdened or distressed with. — Syn. 
To work ; toil ; strive ; struggle ; fag ; plod ; drudge ; 

l.A'BOR, v. t. 1. To work at ; to till ; to cultivate. 2. To 
prosecute with effort ; to urge. 3. To form or fabricate 



with exertion. 4. To beat ; to belabor ; [Uttlc used.] $. 
To form with toil and care. 

La'BOR-SaV-ING, a. Saving labor ; adapted to supersede 
or diminish the labor of men. 

t LAB'O-RANT, n. A chemist.— Boyle. 

LAB'O-RA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. laboratoire.] 1. A house or place 
where operations and experiments in chemistry, pharma- 
cy, pyrotechny, &c, are performed. 2. A place where 
arms are manufactured or repaired, or fire-works pre- 
pared. 3. A place where work is performed, or any thing 
is prepared for use. 

La'BOR.ED, pp. or a. 1. Tilled ; cultivated ; formed wit> 
labor. 2. a. Bearing marks of constraint in execution , 
opposed to easy or free; as, a labored style. 

La'BOR-ER. n. One who labors in a toilsome occupation 
a man who does work that requires little skill, as distin 
guished from an artisan. 

La'BOR-ING, ppr. or a. 1. Exerting muscular strength or 
intellectual power ; toiling; moving with pain or with diffi- 
culty ; cultivating. — 2. A laboring man, or laborer, is often 
used for a man who performs work that requires no ap- 
prenticeship or professional skill, in distinction from an 
artisan. — Laboring oar, the oar which demands the great- 
est exertion. 

La'BOR-ING, n. 1. The act of bestowing labor. 2. The 
pitching or rolling of a vessel in a heavy sea. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS, a. [L. laboriosus.] 1. Using exertion ; em- 
ploying labor or diligence in any occupation ; [applied to 
persons.] 2. Requiring labor; not easy, as an office. 3. 
Requiring labor, exertion, perseverance, or sacrifices ; as, 
laborious virtues. Addison.' — Syn. Industrious; pains- 
taking ; active ; diligent ; assiduous ; toilsome ; difficult ; 
arduous' ; wearisome ; fatiguing ; troublesome ; tedious. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With labor, toil, or difficulty. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being laborious, 
or attended with toil ; toilsomeness ; difficulty. 2. Dili- 
gence ; assiduity. 

La'BOR-LESS, a. Not laborious. — Brerewood. 

\ Ll'BOR-S6ME, a. Made with great labor and diligence. 

La'BRA, n._ [Sp.] A lip.— Shak. 

LAB'RA-DoR-lTE, n. Labrador spar ; a beautiful opales- 
cent feldspar from Labrador. — Brande. 

La'BRoSE, a. [L. labrum, a lip.] Having thick lips. 

LA-BUR'NUM, n. A tree of the genus cytisus, a native o» 
the Alps, much cultivated for ornament. 

LAB'Y-RINTH, n. [L. labyrinthus.] 1. Among the ancients, 
an edifice or place full of intricacies, or formed with wind- 
ing passages, which rendered it difficult to find the way 
from the interior to the entrance. 2. A maze ; an inex- 
plicable difficulty. — 3. Formerly, an ornamental maze or 
wilderness in gardens. — 4. In anatomy, that part of the in 
ternal ear behmd the cavity of the tympanum or drum.- 
5. In metallurgy, a series of troughs conveying water foi 
washing pulverized ore in a stamping-mill. 

LAB-Y-RINTH'I-AN, a. Winding ; intricate ; perplexed. 

LAB-Y-RINTH'IG, a. Like a labyrinth. 

LAB-Y-RINTH'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a labyrinth ; 
intricate. — Kirby. 

LAB-Y-RINTH'INE, a. Pertaining to or like a labyrinth. 

LAC, m. [Sp. laca; G. lack] A resinous substance, improp- 
erly called gum-lac, found on certain trees in the East, in 
consequence of punctures made by a small insect. It 
yields a fine red dye, and the resinous part is used as a 
varnish, and in the manufacture of sealing-wax and hats. 

LAG. t ft. In the East Indies, one hundred thousand ; as, 

LACK, J a lac of rupees. 

LAC'CIC (lak'sik), a. Pertaining to lac, or produced from 
it ; as, laccic acid. 

LAC'CiNE, ft. A substance discovered in shell lac. It is 
brittle, yellow, and translucent. 

LaCE, n. [Sp. lazo; Fr. lacet : It. laccio.] 1. A work com- 
posed of threads interwoven into a net, and worked on a 
pillow with spindles or pins. 2. A string ; a cord. — Spen- 
ser. 3. A snare; a gin. — Fairfax. 4. A plaited string 
with which females fasten their clothes. Swift. — 5. In old 
cant language, spirits added to coffee or other beverage. — 
Addison. 

LICE, v. t. 1. To fasten with a string through eyelet holes. 
2. To adorn with lace. 3. To embellish with variegations 
or stripes. — Shah. 4. To beat ; to lash. U Estrange. — 5 
In old cant language, to add spirits to coffee or other bev 
erage. — Smart. 

LaCE'-BaRK, ft. The bark of a shrub in the West Indies 

LaCE'-MAN, ft. A man who deals in lace. — Addison. 

LaCE'-WoM-AN, ft. A woman who makes or sells lace. 

LaCE'-WING£D, a. Having wings like lace. 

LaCjED (laste), pp. or a. Fastened with lace or a string 
also, tricked oft' with lace. — Laced coffee, coffee with spirits 
in it. Addison. — Laced mutton, set oft" with laces ; an old 
word for a prostitute. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

LACER-A-BLE, a. That may be torn.— Harvey. 

LAC'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. lacero.] To tear ; to rend ; to sep 
arate a substance by violence or tearing. 



f« tyujtis. J E, I, &c, long.— a, % i, &.c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



LAC 



579 



LAD 



p. or a. 1. Rent; torn. — 2. In botany, 
having the edge variously cut into ir- 



the 



lacer-ate, > 

LAC'ER-i-TED, 5 

regular sea^nenb 

LAC-ER-aTION. n. The act of tearing or rending 
breach made by rending. — Arbuthnot. 

LAC'ER-A-TlVE, a. Tearing ; having the power to tear. 

LA-CER'TA, n. [L.] 1. The name of a genus of lizards. 2. 
A northern constellation ; the lizard. 

LA-CER'TIAN, n. A saurian, such as the common lizard. 

LA-CER'TIAN, a. Pertaining to saurians like the common 
lizard. 

LA-CER'TiNE, a. [L. lacertus.] Like a lizard. 

LA-CER'TUS, n. [L.] The girrock, a fish ; also, the lizard-fish. 

LXCHE, \n. [Norm. Fr lachesse.] In law, neglect; neg- 

LaCH'ES, 5 hgence. 

LACH'RY-MA-BLE, a. Lamentable.— Morley. 

LACH'RY-MAL, a. [Fr. ; L. lachryma.] 1. Generating or 
secreting tears. 2. Pertaining to tears ; conveying tears. 

LACH'RY-MA-RY, a. Containing tears.— Addison. 

LACH-RY-MXTION, n. The act of shedding tears. 

LACIPRY-MA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. lachrymatoire. ] A vessel 
found in sepulchres of the ancients, in which it has been 
supposed the tears of a deceased person's friends were 
collected and preserved with the ashes and urn. 

LACH'RY-MoSE, a. Generating or shedding tears. 

LA€H'RY-MoSE-LY, adv. In a lachrymose manner. 

LaC'ING, ppr. Fastening with a string; adorned or trim- 
med with lace. 

LaC'ING, n. 1. A fastening with a string or cord through 
eyelet holes. 2. A cord used in drawing ti<rht or fastening. 

LA-CIN'1-ATE, \a. [L.lacirda.] 1. Adorned with fringes. 

LA-CIN'I-A-TED, £ —2. In botany, jagged. 

LACK, v. t. [D. leeg, leegen ; Dan. lak.) 1. To want ; to be 
destitute of ; not to have or possess. 2. To blame ; [obs.] 

LACK, v. i. To be in want, 2. To be wanting. 

LACK, n. Want ; destitution ; deficiency ; need ; failure. 
— A lack of rupees, in the East Indies, is one hundred thou- 
sand rupees, which, at 55 cents each, amount to fifty-five 
thousand dollars. 

LACK-A-DaY'. Exclamation of sorrow or regret ; alas. — 
Lackadaisy ! and hence adj. lackadaisical, affectedly pen- 
sive, are used in ludicrous language. — Smart. 

LACK'-BRXIN, n. One who wants~brains, or is deficient in 
understanding. — Shak. 

LA€K'-LIN-EN~ a. Wanting shirts.— Shak. [Little used.] 
. A want of lustre, or that which 
wants brightness. 



LACK'-LUS-TER, 
LACK'-LUS-TRE, 
LACK'-LUS-TER, 
LACK'-LUS-TRE, 



a. Wanting lustre or brightness. 



LACK'ER, n. One who is wanting. — Davies. 

LACK'ER. See Lacqueb. 

LACK'EY (lak'e), n. [Fr. laquais.] An attending servant ; 
a footboy or footman. 

LACK'EY, v . t. To attend servilely.— Milton. 

LACK'EY, v. i. To act as footboy ; to pay servile attendance. 

LACK'EYjED (lak'id). pp. Attended servilely. 

LACKING, ppr. Wanting ; not possessing. 

LA-CON'IC, ? a. [Fr. laconique ; L. laconicus ; from La- 

LA-CONTG-AL, 5 conia.] 1. Expressing much in few 
words, like the ancient Spartans, or Lacones. 2. Pertain- 
ing to Sparta or Lacedemonia. — Syn. Short; brief; con- 
cise ; succinct ; sententious ; pointed ; pithy. 

LA-CONIC- AL-LY, adv. Briefly ; concisely. 

LA-CONICS, n. A book of Pausanias, which treats of Lac- 
edemonia. 

* La'GON-ISM, In. [L. laconismus.] 1. A concise style. 

LA-CON'I-CISM, 5 2. A brief, sententious phrase or ex- 
pression. 

LACQUER, (laklcer), n. [Fr. laque.] A varnish, consisting 
of a solution of shell lac in alcohol ; used chiefly for var- 
nishing brass and some other metals, to prevent their tar- 
nishing. 

LACQUER (lakker), v. t. To varnish ; to smear over with 
lacquer, for the purpose of improving color or preserving 
from tarnishing and decay. 

LACQUERED, pp. or a. Covered with lacquer ; varnished. 

LAC'QUER-ING, ppr. Covering with lacquer ; varnish- 
ing. 

LAC'QUER-ING, n. 1. The act of putting on lacquer. 2. 
The covering of lacquer or varnish thus put on. 

LA-G-RI-MO' SO. [It.] Noting a plaintive movement, as if 
weeping. 

LACTASE, 72. The produce of animals yielding milk. 

LACTANT, a. [L. lactans.] Suckling ; giving suck. [Rare.] 

LACTA-RY, a. [L. lactarius.] Milky ; full of white juice 
like milk. — Brown. [Little used.] 

LACTA --RY, n. [L. lactarius.] A dairy-house. 

LACTATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by the lactic acid, 
or acid of milk, with a base. — Fourcroy. 

LAC-Tl'TrON, n. [L. lacto.] The act of giving suck ; or the 
tim e ofsuckling. — Joh nson. 

LACTE-AL,a. 1. Pertaining to milk. 2. Conveying chyle. 

LACTE-AL, rz. A vessel or slender tube of animal bodies, 



for conveying chyle from the intestines to the common 
reservatory. 

LACTE-AL-LY, adv. Milkily j in the manner of milk. 

LACTE-AN, a. [L. lacteus.] Milky; having the color of 
milk. — Moxon. 

LACTE-OUS, a. [L. lacteus.] 1. Milky; resembling milk. 
2. Lacteal ; conveying chyle. 

LACTE-OUS-LY, adv. Milkilv ; in the manner of milk. 

LAC-TES'CENCE, n. [L. lactescens.] 1. Tendency to 
milk ; milkiness or milky color.— 2. In botany, milkiness ; 
the liquor which flows abundantly from a plant, when 
wounded. 

LAC-TES'CENT, a. 1. Producing milk or white juice. 2. 
Abounding with a thick colored juice. 

LACTIC, a. Pertaining to milk, or procured from sour 
milk or whev ; as, the lactic acid. — Fourcroy. 

LAC-TIF'ER-OUS. a. [L. lac and fero.] 1. Bearing or con- 
veying milk or white juice. 2. Producing a thick colored 
juice. 

LACTINE, 72. A crystallizable acid formed from evapora- 
ting the whey of milk ; also called sugar of milk. 

LAC-TOM'E-TER 72. A glass tube for ascertaining the pro- 
portion of cream in a given quantity of milk. 

LAC-TU-Ca/RI-UM, n. The inspissated juice of the com- 
mon lettuce, used by some as a substitute for opium. 

LAC-Tu'CIC ACID, n. An acid obtained from the strong- 
scented lettuce, lactuca virosa, and bearing some resem- 
blance to oxalic acid. 

L A-Cu'NA n- ; pi- Lacuna. [L.] A small opening ; a small 
pit or depression ; a small blank space. 

LA-Cfi'NAL, a. Pertaining to or having lacunae. 

LA-Cu'NAR, 72. [L.] In architecture, the ceiling or under- 
surface of any part, when it consists of compartments 
sunk or hollowed without spaces or bands between the 
panels.— Brande. 

LAC-U-NoSE', a. [L. lacunosus.] Furrowed or pitted. 

LA-CUSTRlNE, \a. Pertaining to lakes or swamps.- 

LA-CUS'TRAL, $ Buckland. 

LAD, 72. [W. llawd ; and Sax. leod.] A young man or boy. 

LAD'A-NUM, n. [Ar.] The resinous juice which exudes 
from the leaves of the cistus ladaniferus. 

LADDER, 72. [Sax. Madder ; D. ladder or leder.] 1. A frame 
of wood, consisting of two side-pieces, connected by 
rounds inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus 
forming steps, by which persons may ascend a building 
&c. 2. That by which a person ascends or rises ; means 
of ascending. 3. Gradual rise ; elevation. — Swift. 

LAD'DIE (lad'de), n. A lad or young man. — [Scottish.] 

LaDE, v. t. ; pret. laded ; pp. laded, laden. [Sax. ladan and 
hladan ; G. laden.] 1. To load ; to put on or in, as a bur- 
den or freight. 2. To dip ; to throw in or out, as a fluid, 
with a ladle or dipper ; as, to lade water out of a tub or 
into a cistern. 3. To draw water ; [obs.] 

f LaDE, 72. The mouth of a river. — Gibson. 

LaD'ED, }pp. 1. Loaded; charged with a burden or freight 

LaD-_EN, 5 2. a. Oppressed ; burdened. 

L1D1NG, ppr. Loading ; charging with a burden or freight ; 
throwing or dipping out. 

LaD'ING, 72. That which constitutes a load or cargo , 
freight; burden. 

LAD'KIN, 72. A little lad ; a youth. [Little used.] 

La'DLE, 72. [Sax. hlcedle.] 1. A utensil somewhat like a 
dish, with a long handle, used for throwing or dipping out 
liquor from a vessel. 2. The receptacle of a mill-wheel, 
which receives the water which moves it. — 3. In gunnery 
an instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon. 

La'DLE-FUL, 72. The quantity contained in a ladle. 

La'DY, 72. [Sax. hlafdig, hltzfdiga, hltefdia.] 1. A woman 
of distinction; correlative to Lord. — In England, a title 
prefixed to the name of any woman whose husband is not 
of lower rank than a knight, or whose father was a noble- 
man not lower than an earl. — Brande. 2. A term of con 
plaisance ; applied to almost any well-dressed woma 
but appropriately to one of refined manners and educa- 
tion. 3. Mistress ; the female who presides or has au- 
thority over a manor or a family. 

La'DY-BiRD, ] 72. A small coleopterous insect of various 

LIDY-BUG, [ brilliant colors, as red, &c, feeding on 

La/DY-COW, [' plant-lice, and of the genus coccinella. — 

LI'DY-FLY, J Linnaus. 

La'DY-CHAP'EL, n. A chapel dedicated to the Virgin 
Mary. 

La'DY-DaY, 72. The day of the annunciation of the Virgin 
Mary, March 25th. 

La'DY-LiKE, a. 1. Like a lady in manners ; genteel 
well-bred. 2. Soft ; tender ; delicate. 

La'DY LOVE (-luv), 72. A sweetheart or mistress. 

La'DY'S BED'STRAW, n. An East Indian evergreen un 
der-shrub. 

La'DY'S BOWER, n. A plant of the genus clematis. 

La'DY'S CoMB, n. A plant of the genus scandix. 

La'DY'S CUSHION, 72. A plant of the genus saxij.><, - 

La'DY'S FIN'GER, n. Kidney vetch, a plant. 



DOVE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



LAM 



580 



LAM 



LADY'S MAN'TLE, n. A plant of the genus alchemilla. 

LI'DY'S SeAL, n. A.plant of the genus tamus. 

LI'DY'S SLIP'PER, n. A plant of the genus cypripedium. 

La'DY'S SMO€K, h. A plant of the genus cardamine. 

La'DY'S TRa'CES, n. A plant of the genus neottia. 

LI'DY-SHIP, n. The title of a lady.— Dryden. 

tLAG, a. [Goth, laggs; W. Hag, llac] 1. Coming after or 
behind ; slow ; sluggish ; tardy. 2. Last ; long-delayed. 
— Skak. 

LAG, n. 1. The lowest class ; the rump ; the fag-end. 2. 
He who comes behind. — Shale. ; [obs.] 

LAG, v. i. [W. llag, llac] To walk or move slowly ; to 
stay behind. — Syn. To loiter ; linger ; saunter ; delay ; 
tarry. 

LAG'GARD, a. Slow ; sluggish ; backward. — Collins. 

LAG'GER, \ n. A loiterer ; an idler ; one who moves 

LAG'GARD, 3 slowly and falls behind. 

LAG'GING, ppr. or a. Loitering ; moving slowly and fall- 
ing behind. — Dryden. 

LAG'GING-LY, adv. In a lagging manner. 

LAG'O-MYS, n. [Gr. Aaywj and /ivs-] The rat-hare, an ani- 
mal between the rat and hare, found in Siberia. 

LA-GOON', > n. [It. ; Sp. laguna.] A marsh, shallow pond, 

LA-GuNE', I or lake into which the sea flows. 

La'IC, la. [It. laico, laicale; Fr. laique.] Belonging to 

LI'I€-AL, j the laity or people, in distinction from the 
clergy. 

LI'IG, n. A layman. — Bp. Morton. 

LaID, pret. and pp. of lay ; so written for layed. — Laid up, 
stored away ; confined to one's bed ; dismantled and out 
of use, as a ship. 

LaIN, pp. of lie. 

LaIR, n. [G. lager.] 1. A place of rest ; the bed or couch 
of a boar or wild beast. 2. Pasture ; the ground. — 
Spenser. 

LIIRD, n. [Sax. hlaford.] In the Scots dialect, 1. A lord. 
2. A kind of landholder under the degree of knight or 
squire. 3. A leader or captain. 

LI'I-TY, n. [Gr. Aaoj.J 1. The people, as distinguished 
from the clergy ; the body of the people not in orders. 2. 
The state of a layman, or of not being in orders ; [obs.] 

LIKE, v. i. [Sw. leka.] To play ; to sport. [North of En- 
gland. 

LIKE, n. [G. lache ; Fr. lac ; L. lacus.] A large and exten- 
sive collection of water contained m a cavity or hollow 
of the earth. It differs from a pond in size, the latter be- 
ing a collection of small extent ; but sometimes a collec- 
tion of water is called a pond or a lake indifferently. 

LIKE, n. A deep red coloring matter, consisting of alumin- 
ous earth and cochineal or other red substance. Some- 
times the term lake is indiscriminately applied to all com- 
pounds of alumina and coloring matter. 

LIKE'LET, n. A little lake.— Mrs. Butler. 

LaKE'LiKE, a. Resembling a lake. — Mrs. Butler. 

LIK'Y, a. Pertaining to a lake or lakes. — Sherwood. 

LAL-LI'TION, n. [Letter I.] A pronunciation of the letter 
r like I. It prevails among the Chinese. — Brande. 

LI'MA, n. 1. The sovereign pontiff', or, rather, the god of 
the Asiatic Tartars. 2. A South American beast of bur- 
den, nearly allied to the camel. 

LA-MANTIN, )n. The sea-cow or manatee. See Man- 

LA-MEN'TIN, 3 atee. 

LAMB (lam), n. [Goth, and Sax. lamb.] 1. The young of 
the sheep kind. 2. The Lamb of God, in Scripture, the 
Savior Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal lamb. 

LAMB,_fl. t. To bring forth young, as sheep. 

LAMB'aLE (lam'ale), n. A feast at the time of shearing 
lambs. — Warton. 

LAM'BA-TlVE, a. [L. Umbo.] Taken by licking. [Rare.] 

LAM'BA-TlVE, n. A medicine taken by licking with the 
tongue. — Wiseman. 

LAMB-DOID'AL. a. [Gr. \aixS6a.] In the form of the Greek 
A (lambda), the English L. — Sharp. 

LAM'BENT,<z. [L. lambens.] Playing about ; touching light- 
ly ; gliding over. 

LAMB'KIN (lamlun), n. A small lamb. — Gay. 

LAMB'LlKE (lamlike), a. Like a lamb ; gentle ; humble ; 

meek; mild; innocent. 
LAMB'S'- WOOL, n. 1. The wool of lambs. 2. Ale mixed 
with sugar,' nutmeg, and the pulp of roasted apples. — Bur- 
ton. [Said to be corrupted from la mas ubhal, that is, the 
day ot the apple fruit.] 
LIME, a. [Sax. lame or lama.] 1. Crippled or disabled in 
a limb, or otherwise injured so as to be unsound and im- 
paired in strength. 2. Imperfect ; not satisfactory, as an 
excuse. 3. Hobbling ; not smooth, as numbers in verse. 
-Lame duck, a cant phrase for a defaulter at the stock 
exchange. — Grose. 
LIME, v. t. To make lame ; to cripple or disable ; to ren- 
der imperfect and unsound. — Dryden. 
LIMED, pp. Made lame ; crippled. 

LAM'EL, ? n. ; pi. Lamels or Lamellje. [L. lamella.] 
LA-MEL'LA, 3 A thin plate or scale. 



L AM'EL-LAR, a. Composed of thin plates, layers, or scales 
disposed in thin plates or scales. 

LAM'EL-LAR-LY, adv. In thin plates or scales. 

LAM'EL-LATE, > a. Composed of thin plates or scales, 

LAM'EL-La-TED, 3 or covered with them. 

LA-MEL'LI-CORN, n. [L. lamella and cornu ] A coleopter- 
ous insect, having antenna? terminating in lamellar joints. 

LAM-EL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lamella and fero J Having a 
structure composed of thin layers ; having a foliated 
structure. 

LA-MEL'LI-FORM, a. [L. lamella and form.] Having the 
form of a plate or scale. — Journ. of Science. 

LAM-EL-LI-ROS'TRAL, a. [L. lamella and rostrum I A 
term applied to a tribe of swimming birds, which have 
the margin of the beak furnished with numerous lamella. 
or dental plates, as the swan, goose, and duck. — Brande. 
— Partington. 

LIME'LY, adv. 1. Like a cripple ; with impaired strength , 
in a halting manner. 2. Imperfectly ; without a complete 
exhibition of parts ; as, lineaments lamely drawn. — Dryden. 
3. Weakly ; poorly ; unsteadily ; feebly. 

LIME'NESS, n. 1. An impaired state of the body or limbs , 
loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by 
disease. 2. Imperfection ; weakness ; as, the lameness of 
an argument or of a description. 

LA-MENT', v. i. [L. lamentor.] 1. To express sorrow or 
grief. 2. To regret deeply ; to feel sorrow. — Syn. To 
mourn ; grieve ; sorrow ; weep ; wail ; complain. 

LA-MENT', v. t. To bewail ; to mourn for ; to bemoan ; to 
regret ; to deplore. — Dryden. 

LA-MENT, n. [L. lamentum.] 1. Grief or sorrow express- 
ed in complaints or cries ; lamentation ; a weeping. 2. 
An elegy or mournful ballad. 

LAM'ENT-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. lamentabilis.] 1. To be la- 
mented ; deserving sorrow, as a misfortune. 2. Mourn- 
ful ; adapted to awaken grief, as a tune. 3. Expressing 
sorrow, as an outcry. 4. Miserable ; pitiful ; low ; poor ; 
despicable ; [little used.] 

LAM'ENT-A-BLY, adv. 1. Mournfully ; with expressions 
or tokens of sorrow. 2. So as to cause sorrow. 3. Piti- 
fully ; despicably. 

LAM-ENT-I'TION, n. [L. lamentatio.] 1. Expression of 
sorrow ; cries of grief ; the act of bewailing. — 2. In the 
plural, a book of Scripture, containing the lamentation! 
of Jeremiah. — Syn. Mourning; complaint; moan; wail 
ing; outcry. 

LA-MENTED, pp. or a. Bewailed ; mourned for. 

LA-MENT'ER, n. One who mourns, or cries out witb 
sorrow. 

LA-MEN'TIN. See Lamantin. 

LA-MENT'ING, ppr. Bewailing ; mourning ; weeping 

LA-MENT'ING, n. A mourning ; lamentation. 

LA-MENT'ING-LY, adv. With lamentation. 

La'MI-A, 7i. [L.J A hag; a witch ; a demon. 

LAM'IN-A, n. ,- pi. Lamina. [L. lamina.] 1. A thin plate or 
scale ; a layer or coat lying over another ; [applied io the 
plates of minerals, bones, d^c.] 2. A bone, or part of a 
bone, resembling a thin plate, such as the cribriform plate 
of the ethmoid bone. 3. The lap of the ear. 4. The bor- 
der, or the upper, broad, or spreading part of the petal, in 
a polypetalous corol. 5. The expanded surface or blade 
of a leaf. — Lindley. 

L AM'IN-A-BLE, a. Capable of being formed into thin plates. 

LAM'IN-AR, a. In plates ; consisting of thin plates or 
layers. 

LAM'IN-ATE, ) a. Plated ; consisting of plates, scales, or 

LAM'IN-I-TED, 3 layers, one over another. 

LAM-IN- I'TION, n. State of being laminated. 

LIM'ING, ppr. Crippling. 

LAM-IN-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lamina and fero.] Having a 
structure consisting of laminae or layers. 

LIM'ISH, a. Not quite lame ; hobbling. — A. Wood. 

t LAMM, v. t. To beat. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

LAM'MAS, n. £Sax. hlammasse.] The first day of August 

LAM'MER-GElR, n. The largest bird of prey in Europe, 
Asia, or Africa, inhabiting chains of high mountains ; also 
called the bearded vulture. 

LAMP, n. [Fr. lampe ; L. lampas.] 1. A vessel used for the 
combustion of liquid inflammable bodies, for the purpose 
of producing artificial light. — 2. Figuratively, a light of any 
kind. Rowe. — Lamp of safety, or safety lamp, a lamp for 
lighting coal mines, without exposing workmen to the ex- 
plosion of inflammable air. — Davy. 

LAMP'A-DIST, n. One who gained the prize in the lampa. 
drome. 

LAMP'A-DROME, n. [Gr. Aa/*™? and Spo/xos.] In Athens, 
a race by young men, with lamps in their hands. He 
who reached the goal first, with his lamp unextinguished, 
gained the prize. — Elmes. 

LAM'PASS, n. [Fr.] An accidental swelling in the roof of 
a horse's mouth behind the fore teeth. 

LAM'PATE, n. A compound salt, composed of lampic acid 
and a base. — Ure. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I. &c. long.— I, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOR, 



LAN 



581 



LAN 



liAMP'B ^A€K, n. A fine soot formed by the condensation j 
of the smoke of burning pitch or resinous substances, in a 
chimney terminating in a cone of cloth. 
LAM'PER-EEL, n. The same as the lamprey.— Forby. 
LAMP'IC, a. The lampic acid is obtained by the combus- 
tion of ether by means of a lamp with a coil of platinum. 
— lire. 
\ L AMPTNG, a. [It. lampante.] Shining ; sparkling. 
LAMP'LlGHT, n. The light of a lamp. 
LAM-POON', n. [qu. Old Fr. tamper.] A personal satire in 
writing ; abuse ; censure written to reproach and vex 
rather than to reform. — Dryden. 
LAM-POON', v. t. To abuse with personal censure ; to re- 
proach in written satire. — Syn. To libel ; defame ; slan- 
der ; calumniate - r satirize ; lash. 
LAM-POON.ED', pp. Abused with personal satire. 
LAM-POON'ER, n. One who abuses with personal satire ; 

the writer of a lampoon. — Tattler. 
LAM-POON'ING, ppr. Abusing with personal satire. 
LAM-POON'RY, n. Abuse. 
LAM'PREL, > - T Lm „ v 
LAM'PRON:i &eLAMPBEY - 

LAM'PREY, n. [Fr. lamproie ; D. lamprei.] The popular 
name of several species of a genus of anguilliform fishes, 
resembling the eel. 
La/NA-RY, n. A store-place for wool. — Smart. 
La'NATE, la. [L. lanatus.) Wooly. — In botany, covered 
La'Na-TED, 5 with a substance like curled hairs. 
LaNCE (lans), n. [L. lancea ; Fr. lance.] A spear, an of- 
fensive weapon in form of a half-pike, used by the an- 
cients and thrown by the hand. 
LINCE, v. t. [Arm. lancza.] 1. To pierce with a lance or 
with a shap-pointed instrument. 2. To pierce or cut ; to 
open with a lancet. 3. To throw like a lance. See Lanch. 
LaNCED (lanst), pp. Pierced with a lancet. 
LiNCE'LY (lansiy), a. Suitable to a lance.— Sidney. 
LAN'CE-O-LAR, a. In botany, tapering toward each end. 
LAN'CE-O-LITE, \a. Gradually tapering toward the 
LAN'CE-O-La-TED, > outer extremity. 
LANCE-PE-SaDE', n. [It. lancia-spezzata.] An officer under 

the corporal. — J. Hall. 
LINGER, n. One who lances; one who carries a lance ; 

anciently, a lancet. 
LAN'CET, n. [Fr. lancette.] 1. A surgical instrument, sharp- 
pointed and two-edged ; used in venesection, and in open- 
ing tumors, abscesses, &c. 2. A high and narrow window, 
pointed like a lancet, often called a lancet window. 
LKNCH, v. t. [Fr. lancer.] To throw, as a lance ; to dart ; to 

let fly. 
LINCHED (lancht), pp. Caused to dart or fly off. 
LINCHIN 1, ppr. Causing to dart or fly off; darting. 
LAN'CI-FORM, a. Having the form of a lance.— Mantell. 
LAN'CI-NaTE, v. t. [L. lancino.] To tear; to rend; to 

lacerate. — Johnson. 
LAN-CI-NI'TION, n. Tearing ; laceration. 
LANCING, ppr. Opening or pierciss with a lancet 
LAND, n. [Goth., Sax., G., D., IVin., Sw. land.] 1. Earth, 
or the solid matter which constitutes the fixed part of the 
surface of the globe, in distinction from water. 2. Any 
portion of the solid, superficial part of the globe, whether 
a kingdom or country, or a particular region. 3. Any 
small portion of the superficial part of the earth or ground. 
4. Ground ; soil, or the superficial part of the earth in re- 
spect to its nature or quality. 5. Real estate. 6. The in- 
habitants of a country or region ; a nation or people. 7. 
The ground left unplowed between furrows is by farmers 
called a land. — To make the land, or to make land, in sea- 
men's language, is to discover land from sea as the ship 
approaches it. — To shut in the land, to lose sight of the 
land left, by the intervention of a point or promontory. — 
To set the land, to see by the compass how it bears from 
the ship. — Land o' the Leal, place of the faithful or blessed ; 
heaven ; [Scottish.] 
LAND, v. t. To set on shore ; to disembark ; to debark. 
LAND, v. i. To go on shore from a ship or boat ; to disem- 
bark. 
LAND-BR.EEZE, n. [land and breeze.] A current of air 

settinsr from the land toward the sea. 
LAND'-FLOOD (-flud), n. An overflowing of land by wa- 
ter ; an_inundation. 
LAND'-FoRCE, n. A military force, army, or troops serving 

on land, as distinguished from a naval force. 
LAND'-JOB-BER, n. A man who makes a business of buy- 
ing land on speculation. 
LAND'-OF-FICE, n. In the United States, an office at which 

sales of new land are made and registered. 
LAND'-oWN-ER, n. The proprietor of land. 
LAND'-REEVE, n. A person who assists the steward on a 

large estate. 
LAND -SPRING, n. A spring of water which comes into 

action only after heavy rains.— Brande. 
LAND-TAX, n. A tax assessed on land and buildings. 
LAND-TURN, n. A land-breeze.— Encyc. 



LAND'-WaIT-ER, n. An officer of the customs wnosfc duty 

is to wait or attend on the landing of goods. 
LAND'-WIND, 7i. A wind blowing from the land. 
LAND'-W6RK-ER (-wurk), n. One who tills the ground. 
LAND'AM-MAN, n. 1. The chief magistrate of some of the 
Swiss cantons. 2. The president of the diet of the Hel- 
vetic Republic*. 
*LAN'DAU, n. A kind of coach or carriage whose top may 

be opened and thrown back. 
LAN-DAU-LET, n. A chariot opening at top like a landau. 

— Smart. 
LAND'DAMN (land'dam), v. t. To banish from the land.— 

Shak. 
LAND'ED, pp. 1. Disembarked ; set on shore from a ship 
or boat. 2. a. Having an estate in land. 3. Consisting in 
real estate or land. 
LAND'FALL, n. 1. A sudden translation of property in 
land by the death of a rich man. — 2. In seame7i's language, 
the first land discovered after a voyage. — A good landfall, 
is the discovery of the land as expected 
LAND'GRaVE, n. [G. landgraf; D. landgraaf] A title 
taken by some German counts in the twelfth century, to 
distinguish themselves from the inferior counts under their 
jurisdiction. Three of them were princes of the empire. 
— Brande. 
LAND-GRa'VI-ATE, n. The territory held by a landgrave, 

or his office, jurisdiction, or authority. 
LAND'HoLD-ER, n. A holder or proprietor of land. 
LANDTNG, ppr. Setting on shore ; coming on shore. 
LANDING, n. 1. The act of going or setting on shore from 
a vessel. 2. A place for going or setting on shore. — 3. In 
architecture, the part of a stair-case which, being level, with- 
out steps, connects one flight with another. — Elmes. 
LANDTNG-NET, n. A small hoop-net, used by anglers for 

securing their fish. 
LAND'ING-PLaCE, n. A place for the landing of persons 

or goods from a vessel. 
LAND'La-DY, n. 1. A woman who has tenants holding 

from her. 2. The mistress of an inn. — Swift. 
LAND'LESS, a. Destitue of land; having no land. 
LAND'LOCK, v. t. To inclose or encompass by land. 
LAND'LOCKED (-lokt), pp. Encompassed by land, so that 

no point of the compass is open to the sea. 
LAND'Lo-PER, "in. [D. landlooper, literally landrunner.] 
LAND'LOUP-ER, > A vagabond or vagrant ; one who has 

no settled habitation. See, also, Landlubber. 
LAND'LORD, n. [Sax. land-lilaford.] 1. The lord of a 
manor or of land ; the owner of land or houses who has 
tenants under him. 2. The master of an inn or tavern. 
t LAND'LORD-RY, n. State of a landlord.— Bishop Hall. 
LAND'LUB-BER, n. [perhaps from landloper.] A term of 

reproach among seamen for one who lives on the land. 
LAND'MAN, n. A man who lives or serves on land. 
LAND'MiRK, n. 1. A mark to designate the boundary of 
land ; any fixed object, by which the extent of a farm, dis- 
trict, &c, is marked. — 2. In navigation, any elevated ob- 
ject on land that serves as a guide to seamen. 
LAND'SCaFE, n. [D. landschap ; Sw. landskap.] 1. A por 
tion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in 
a single view, including mountains, rivers, lakes, and what- 
ever the land contains. 2. A picture exhibiting the form 
of a district of country and its diversified scenery. 
LAND'SCAPE-GaR'D£N-ING, n. The art of laying out 
grounds, and arranging trees, shrubbery, &c, in such a 
manner as to produce the most pleasing effect. 
L AND'SLiDE, \ n. A portion of a hill or mountain which 
LAND'SLIP, 5 slips or slides down ; or the sliding down 
of a considerable bract of land from a mountain. — Gold- 
smith. 
LANDS'MAN, n. 1. One who fives on the land ; opposed to 
seaman. — 2. In seamen's language, a sailor on board a ship 
who has not before been at sea, or who has not sufficient 
knowledge to perform the duties of an ordinary seaman, 
t LAND'STREIGHT (-strate), n. A narrow slip of land. 
LAND'WARD, adv. Toward the land— Sandys. 
LAND'WEHR, n. [Germ.] In Austria and Prussia, the militia. 
LINE, n.~[D. laan.] 1. A narrow way or passage, or a pri- 
vate passage, as distinguished from a public road or high- 
way. 2. A~passage between lines of men, or people stand- 
ing on each side. 
LAN''GRAGE, ) n. Langrel shot, or langrage, is a kind of 
LAN"GREL, ) shot consisting of spikes, nails, &c, bound 
together, and used for tearing sails and rigging, and thus 
disabling an enemy's ship. 
LANG'SET-TLE, n. A long bench to sit on. [North of En. 

gland.] 
LaNG-SyNE', adv. Long ago. [Scottish.] 
LANG-TER-A-LOO', n. An old game at cards ; often abridged 

to lanterloo or langtra. — Tattler. — Smart. 
LAN"GUA6E (lang'gwaje), n. [Fr. langage; Sp. lengua, lan- 
guage.] 1. The expression of ideas by words or signifi- 
cant articulate sounds, for the communication of thoughts. 
2. Words duly arranged in sentences, written, printed, or 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



LAN 



562 



TAP 



engraved, and exhibited to the eye. 3. The speech or ex- 
pression of ideas peculiar to a particular nation. 4. Man- 
ner of expression peculiar to an individual. 5. The inar- 
ticulate sounds by which irrational animals express their 
feelings and wants. 6. Any manner of expressing thoughts ; 
as, the language of the eye or of flowers. 7. A nation, as 
distinguished by their speech. — Dan,, iii. — Syn. Speech; 
tongue ; dialect ; idiom ; style ; diction. 

LAN"GUA6E-MaSTER, n. One whose profession is to 
teach languages. — Spectator. 

L AN"GUA(5.ED, a. Having a language ; expert in language. 

LAN-GUEN'TE. fit.] In music, in a languishing or soft 
manner. 

LAN"GUET, n. [Fr. languette.] Any thing in the shape of 
the tongue. [Not English.] 

LAN"GUID (lang'gwid), a. [L. languidus.] 1. Flagging ; 
drooping; hence, indisposed to exertion through feeble- 
ness or exhaustion. 2. Without animation or activity ; as, 
a languid soul, languid movements. — Syn. Feeble ; weak ; 
faint ; sickly ; pining ; exhausted ; heavy ; dull ; weary ; 

LAN"GUID-LY, adv. Weakly ; feebly ; slowly. 

LAN"GUID-NESS, n. 1. Weakness from exhaustion of 
strength ; feebleness ; dullness ; languor. 2. Slowness. 

LAN"GUISH (lang'gwish), v. i. [Fr. languir, languissant.] 1. 
To lose strength or animation ; to be or become dull, fee- 
ble, or spiritless ; to be or to grow heavy. 2. To lose the 
vegetating power, as plants. 3. To grow dull ; to be no 
longer active and vigorous, as commerce. 4. To sink un- 
der sorrow or any continued passion, as a mother for the 
loss of a child. 5. To look with softness or tenderness, as 
with the head reclined and a peculiar cast of the eye. — 
Svn. To pine ; wither ; fade ; droop ; faint. 

LAN"GUISH, v. t. To cause to droop or pine. — Dry den. 
[Rare.] 

LAN'GUISH, n. Act of pining ; also, a soft and tender look 
or appearance. — Pope. 

LAN"GUISH.ED (lang'gwish t), pp. Drooped ; pined. 

LAN"GUISH-ER, n. One who languishes or pines. 

L AN"GUISH-ING, ppr. 1. Becoming or being feeble ; losing 
strength ; pining ; withering ; fading. 2. a. Having a lan- 
guid appearance. 

LANGUISHING, n. Feebleness ; pining. 

LAN"GUISH-ING-LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; feebly ; dully ; slow- 
ly. 2. With tender softness. 

LAN' GUISH-MENT, n. 1. The state of pining. 2. Softness 
of look or mien, with the head reclined. 

LAN"GUOR (lang'gwor), n. [L. languor ; Fr. langucur.] 1. 
Feebleness ; dullness ; heaviness ; lassitude of body ; that 
state of the body which is induced by exhaustion of 
strength. 2. A dull or enfeebled state of the intellectual 
faculty. 3. Softness ; laxity. Dunciad. — Syn. Feeble- 
ness ; weakness ; faintness ; weariness ; dullness ; heavi- 
ness ; lassitude ; listlessness. 

f LAN"GUOR-OUS, a. Tedious ; melancholy.— Spenser. 

f LAN"GURE, v. t. To languish. — Chaucer. — Spenser. 

LAN'IARD. See Lanyard. 

I La'NI-A-RY, n. [L. lanio.] 1. Shambles ; a slaughter-house. 
2. A term applied to the canine or dog teeth. 

La'NI-A-RY, a. [L. lanius, a butcher.] Lacerating or tear- 
ing ; _as, the laniary teeth, i. e., the canine teeth. 

La'NI-aTE, v. t. [L. la?iio.] To tear in pieces. [Rare.] 

La-NI-a'TION, n. A tearing in pieces. [Little used.] 

LA-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lanifer.] Bearing or producing 
wool. 

LA-NIF'I€-AL, a. Working in wool. 

LAN'I-Ff CE, n. [L. lanificium.] Manufacture of wool. 

LA-NI<J'ER-OUS, a. [L. laniger.] Bearing or producing 
wool. 

LANK, a. [Sax. hlanca.] 1. Loose or lax, and easily yield- 
ing to pressure ; not distended ; not stiff or firm by disten- 
tion ; not plump. 2. Thin ; slender ; meager ; not full and 
firm. 3. Languid ; drooping. — Milton. 

\ LANK, v. i. To grow lank.— Shak. 

LANK'LY, adv. Thinly ; loosely ; laxly. 

LANK'NESS, n. Laxity ; flabbiness ; leanness ; slendemess. 

LANKT, a. Lank and tall.— Smart. [Vulgar.] 

LAN'NER, ? n. [Fr. lanier.] A European species of hawk. 

LAN'NER-ET, j Lanner is the female, lanneret the male. 

LANS'QUE-NET (lansTte-net), n. [Fr.] 1. A name former- 
ly given to the German infantry, who were armed mostly 
with pikes. — Brande. 2. A game at cards, vulgarly called 
lambskinnet. — Smart. 

LAN'TERN, n. [Fr. lanterne ; L. laterna.] 1. A case or ves- 
sel made of tin perforated with many holes, or of some 
transparent substance, used for carrying a light. A dark 
lantern is one which may be closed so as entirely to hide 
the light. — Encyc. Am. 2. A light-house, or light to direct 
the course of ships. — 3. In architecture, a little dome raised 
over the roof of a building to give light, and to serve as a 
crowning to the fabric. 4. A square cage of carpentry 
placed over the ridge of a corridor or gallery, between two 
rows of shops, to illuminate them. — Magic lantern, an op- 



tical machine by which painted images are represented 
so much magnified as to appear like the effect of magic. 

LAN'TERN, v. t. To put to death at or on the lamp-post. 

LAN'TERN-FLy, n. An insect of South America which 
emits a strong light in the dark. 

LAN'TERN-JAW£D, a. Having a thin visage. 

LANTERN-JAWS, n. pi. Long, thin jaws ; hence, a thin 
visage. — Spectator. 

LANTERN.ED, pp. or a. Put to death at a lamp-post. 

LAN'TERN-ING, ppr. Putting to death at or on a lamp- 
post. 

LAN-THa'NI-UM, in. [Gr. XavOaveiv.) A metal recently dis- 

LAN'THA-NUM, J covered, occurring with cerium in cer- 
tain minerals. 

LAN'THORN. A wrong spelling of lantern. 

LA-Nu'6I-NoSE, la. [L. lanuginosus.] Downy; covered 

LA-Nu'<SI-NOUS, 5 with down, or fine, soft hair. 

LANYARD, n. [Fr. laniere.] A short piece of rope or line, 
used for fastening something in ships. 

L A-OG'O-ON, n. In fabulous history, the priest of Apollo or 
Neptune during the Trojan war. — In sculpture, the group 
of the Laocoon is this priest, with his children, infolded 
in the coils of two serpents, as described by Virgil. 

LA-OD-I-Ce'AN, a. Like the Christians of Laodicea ; luke- 
warm in religion. 

LA-OD-I-Ce'AN-ISM, n. Lukewarmness in religion. — E. 
Stiles. 

LAP, n. [Sax. lappe; D., Dan. lap.] 1, The loose part of a 
coat ; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely. 2. 
The part of clothes that lies on the knees when a person 
sits down ; hence, the knees in this position. 3. That part 
of one body which lies on and covers another. 

LAP, v. t. 1. To fold ; to bend and lay over or on. — To lap 
boards, to place one upon another so as partially to cover 
it. 2. To wrap or twist round. — Newton. 3. To infold ; 
to involve. 

LAP, v. i. To be spread or laid ; to be turned over. 

LAP, v. i. [Sax. lappian.] To take up liquor or food with 
the tongue ; to feed or drink by licking. 

LAP, v. t. To take into the mouth with the tongue ; to lick 
up.— Shak. 

LAP'DOG, n. A small dog fondled in the lap. — Dry den. 

LA-PEL', n. [from lap.] That part of the coat which laps 
over the facing. 

LA-PELLiSD', a. Furnished with lapels. 

LAP'FUL, n, As much as the lap can contain. 

t LAPTCTDE, v. A stone-cutter.— Diet. 

LAP-I-Da'RI-OUS, a. [L. lapidarius.] Stony ; consisting of 
stones. 

LAP'1-DA-RY, n. [Fr. lapidaire ; L. lapidarius.] 1. An art 
ificer who cuts, polishes, and engraves precious stones. 2. 
A dealer in precious stones. 3. A virtuoso skilled in the 
nature and kinds of gems or precious stones. — Encyc. 

LAP'I-DA-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of cutting stones. — 
Lapidary style, the style proper for monumental or other 
inscriptions.— Brande. 

t LAP'I-DITE, v. t. [L. lapido.] To stone. 

LAP-1-Da'TION, n. The act of stoning a person to death. 

LA-PID'E-OUS, a. [L. lapideus.] Stony ; of the nature of 
stone. — Ray. [Little used.] 

LAP-I-DES'CENCE, n. [L. lapidesco.] 1. The process of 
becoming stone ; a hardening into a stony substance. 2. 
A stony concretion. 

LAP-I-DES'CENT, a. Growing or turning to stone; that 
has the quality of petrifying bodies.— Encyc. 

LAP-I-DES'CENT, n. Any substance which has the quality 
of petrifying a body, or converting it to stone. 

LAP-I-DIF'I€, a. [L. lapis and facio.] Forming or convert- 
ing into stone. 

L A-PID-I-FI-C a'TION, n, The operation of forming or con - 
verting into a stony substance. 

LA-PID'1-FI.ED, pp. or a. Turned or formed into stone. 

LA-PID'1-FY, v. t. [L. lapis and facio.] To form into stone 

LA-PID1-FY, v. i. To turn into stone ; to become stone. 

LA-PID'I-FY-ING, ppr. Turning into stone. 

L AP'I-DIST, n. A dealer in precious stones. See Lapidary. 

LAP-IL-La'TION, 7i. The state of being, or act of making, 
stony.— Smart. 

LA-PIL'Ll, n. pi. [L.] Volcanic ashes in which globular 
concretions prevail. — Mantell. 

La'PIS, in Latin, a stone. — Lapis Bononien'sis, the Bolognian 
stone. — Lapis hepatficus. liver-stone. — Lapis infema'lis, lu- 
nar caustic. — Lapis laz'uli, azure stone, an aluminous min- 
eral of a rich blue color, resembling the blue carbonate oi 
copper ; [see Lazuli.] — Lapis Lyd'ius, touch-stone ; basa- 
nite ; a variety of silicious slate. 

LAP'LING, n. [from lap.] One who indulges in ease and 
sensual delights.— Hewyt. [A term of contempt.] 

LAPPED (lapt), pp. Turned or folded over. 

LAP'PER, n. 1. One who laps ; one who wraps or folds. 2. 
One who takes up with his tongue. 

LAP'PET, n. [dim. of lap.] A part of a garment or dress 
that hangs loose. — Swift. 



* .See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, £, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— M8VE, BOOK. 



LAR 



583 



LAS 



LAP'PING, ppr. 1. Wrapping; folding; laying on 2. Lick- 
ing ; taking into the mouth with the tongue. 

LAPS'A-BLE, a. That may fall or relapse. — Cudworth. 

LAPSE (laps), n. [L. lapsus.] 1. A sliding, gliding, or flow- 
ing ; a smooth course. 2. A falling or passing. 3. A slip ; 
an error ; a fault ; a failing in duty ; a slight deviation from 
truth or rectitude. — 4. In ecclesiastical law, the slip or omis- 
sion of a patron to present a clerk to a benifice within six 
months after it becomes void.— 5. In theology, the fall or 
apostasy of Adam. 

LAPSE (laps), v. i. 1. To glide ; to pass slowly, silently, or 
by degrees. 2. To slide or slip in moral conduct ; to fail 
in duty ; to deviate from rectitude ; to commit a fault. 3. 
To slip or commit a fault by inadvertency or mistake. 4. 
To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, by the 
omission or negligence of the patron. 5. To fall from a 
state of innocence, or from truth, faith, or perfection. 

LAPSED (lapst), pp. or a. Fallen ; passed from one propri- 
etor to another by the negligence of the patron. — Lapsed 
legacy, a legacy which lapses to the heirs at law, as when 
the legatee dies before the testator, or before some con- 
tingency prescribed takes place. 

LAP'SlD-ED (lop'sid-ed), a. [lap and side.] Having one side 
heavier than the other, as a ship. — Mar. Diet. 

LAPSING, ppr. Gliding ; flowing ; failing ; falling to one 
person through the omission of another. 

LAP'SToNE, n. A shoemaker's stone, placed on the knees, 
on which he hammers his leather. 

LAPSUS LLN"G UM. [L.] A slip of the tongue ; a mistake 
in uttering a word. 

LAP'WING, n. A bird of the Eastern continent, of the 
plover family ; also called pewit. 

L AP'WoRK, n. Work in which one part laps over another. 

LaR, n. ; pi. La'res. [L.] A household deity. — Lovelace. 

LaR'BoARD, n. The left-hand side of a ship, when a per- 
son stands with his face to the head; opposed to star- 



LiR'BoARD, a. Pertaining to the left-hand side of a ship. 

LaR'CE-NY, n. [Fr. larcin] Theft ; the act of taking and 
carrying away the goods or personal property of another 
feloniously. — In England when the value of the thing 
stolen is less than twelve pence, and in New York when 
it is less than $25, the crime is petty larceny, and grand 
larceny when it is more. 

LaRCH, n. [L. larix.] The common name of a division of 
the genus pinug. 

LaRD, n. \ Fr. lard ; L. lardum.] 1. The fat of swine, after 
being melted and separated from the flesh. 2. Bacon ; the 
flesh of swine. — Dry den. 

LaRD, v. t. [Fr. larder.] 1. To stuff with bacon or pork. 
2. To fatten; to enrich. 3. To mix with something by 
way of improvement. 

LaRD, v. i. To grow fat. — Drayton. 

LaRD'-OIL, n. Oil which is obtained from lard. 

LaR-Da'CEOUS (lar-da'shus), a. Of the nature of lard ; 
consisting of lard. 

LXBD'ED, pp. Stuffed with bacon ; fattened ; mixed. 

LaRD'ER, n. A room where meat and other articles of 
food are kept before they are cooked. 

LaRD'ER-ER, n. One who has the charge of the larder. 

LaRD'ING, ppr. Stuffing; fattening; mixing. 

L aRD'ON, n. [Fr.] A bit of bacon. 

\ LXRD'RY, n. A larder. 

La'ReS, n. pi. [L.] The domestic deities of the Romans, 
regarded, probably, as the souls of deceased ancestors. 

LaRgE (larj), a. [Fr. large ; L. largus.] A term applied to 
any thing that exceeds the usual or common number, size, 
&c. ; of great bulk, extent, population, amount, capacity, 
&c. — In seamen's language, the wind is large when it cross- 
es the fine of a ship's course in a favorable direction, par- 
ticularly on the beam or quarter. — At large. 1. Without 
restraint or confinement. 2. Diffusely ; fully ; in the full 
extent. — Syn. Big; bulky; huge ; extensive; wide; capa- 
cious ; comprehensive ; ample ; abundant ; plentiful ; pop- 
ulous ; copious ; diffusive ; liberal. 

LARGE, n. Formerly, a musical note equal to four breves, 
or eight semibreves. 

t L aRgE-HEaRTED-NESS, n. Largeness of heart ; liber- 
ality. — Bp. Reynolds. 

LaRgE'-LIMBED, a. Having large limbs.— Milton. 

LaRgE'LY, adv. 1. Widely ; extensively. 2. Copiously ; 
diffusely; amply. 3. Liberally; bountifully. 4. Abund- 
antly. 

LaRgE'NESS, n. 1. Bigness ; bulk ; magnitude. 2. Great- 
ness ; comprehension. 3. Extent; extensiveness. 4. Ex- 
tension ; amplitude ; liberality. 5. Wideness ; extent. 

L IR'GESS, n. [Fr. largesse.] A present ; a gift or donation ; 
a bounty bestowed. 

LiR-GlF'LU-OUS, a. [L. largus and fiuo.] Flowing copi- 
ously. 

LXRG'ISH, a. Somewhat large. — Cavallo. [Unusual.] 

LaR-GHET'TO (lar-gefto). [It.] Somewhat slowly, but not 
60 slowly as in largo. 



LAR-Gi'TION (lar-jish'un), n. |L. largitio.] The bestow 
ment of a largess or gift. 

LjAR'GO. [It.] A musical term directing to slow movement. 

LAR'I-AT, n. The lasso, a long cord or thong of leather, 
with a noose, used in catching wild horses, &c— W. Irving. 

LXRK, n. [Sax. laferc, lauerce ; Scot, laverok, lauerok.] 1. A 
bird remarkable for its liveliness and its singing. 2. A 
sport or piece of merriment.— Smart ; [vulgar.] 

LARK, v. i. To catch larks ; hence, in vulgar language- to 
make sport ; to sport. — Smart. 

LARK'-LlKE, a. Resembling a lark in manners. 

LARK'S'-HEEL, n. A flower called Indian cress. 

L ARK'ER, n. A catcher of larks.— Diet. 

LARK'SPUR, n. A flowering plant of the genus delphiniuvt,. 

LAR'MI-ER, n. [Fr.] The flat, jutting part of a cornice ; lit- 
erally, the dropper ; the eave or drip of a house ; the coronu. 

LAR'RUP, v. t. [Forby derives it from Sax. larrian, to lick , 
Jenning considers it as from lee-rope, used by sailors to 
beat the boy.] To beat or flog. — Forby. [Low.] 

LAR'UM, n. [G. larm.] Alarm ; a noise giving notice of dan- 
ger. See Alarm. 

LAR'VA, } n. [L. larva.] An insect in the caterpillar or grub 

LARVE, 5 state. 

LAR'VAL, a. Belonging to a larva. 

LaR'Va-TED, a. Masked ; clothed as with a mask. 

LA-RYN'gE-AL, ) „ . . . . ., , 

LA-RYN'GE-AN \ a ' Pertamm g t0 tne larynx. 

LAR-YN-GI'TIS, n. An inflammation of the larynx. 

LAR-YN-GOT'0-MY, n. [L. larynx, and Gr. renvw.] The op- 
eration of cutting into the larynx. 

LAR'YNX, n. [Gr. \apvy\.] In anatomy, the upper part of 
the windpipe or trachea, a cartilaginous cavity, serving to 
modulate the sound of the voice. 

LAS'GaR, n. In the East Indies, a term applied to native 
sailors, many of whom are employed in European vessels. 

t LAS-civ'I-ENT. Y ' } See the next words ' 
LAS-CIV'I-OUS, a. [Fr. lascif; It., Sp. lascivo ; L. lascivus.] 

1. Loose ; wanton ; lewd ; lustful. 2. Soft ; wanton ; lux- 
urious. 

LAS-CIV'I-OUS-LY, adv. Loosely ; wantonly ; lewdly. 

LAS-CIV'I-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Looseness; irregular indulg 
ence of animal desires ; wantonness ; lustfulness. 2. Tend 
ency to excite lust and promote irregular indulgences. 

LASH, n. [G. lasche.] 1. The thong or braided cord of a 
whip. 2. A leash or string ; [obs.] 3. A stroke with a 
whip, or any thing pliant and tough. 4. A stroke of satire ; 
a sarcasm ; an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain. 

LASH, v. t. 1. To strike with a lash or any thing pliant ; to 
whip or scourge. 2. To throw up with a sudden jerk. — 
Dryden. 3. To beat, as with something loose ; to dash 
against ; as, waves lash the shore. 4. To tie or bind with 
a rope or cord ; to secure or fasten by a string, as to n 
ship. 5. To satirize ; to censure with severity. 

LASH, v. i. To ply the whip; to strike at. Dryden. — To 
lash out is to be extravagant or unruly. 

LASHED (lasht), pp. Struck with a lash ; whipped; tied; 
made fast by a rope. 

LASHER, n. One who whips or lashes. 

LASHER, ? n. A piece of rope for binding or making fast 

LASHING, 5 one thing to another. 

LASH'FREE, n. Free from the stroke of satire. — B. Jonson . 

LASHTNG. n. 1. Castigation or chastisement. — Smart. 2. 
Extravagance ; unruliness. — South. 3. A rope for making 
fast. See Lasher. 

LASS, n. [qu. from laddess.] A young woman ; a girl ; [ap- 
plied particularly to a country girl.] Lassie is sometimes 
used, particularly in Scotland. 

LAS'SI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. lassitudo.] 1. Weakness ; dull 
ness ; heaviness ; weariness ; languor of body or mind.— 

2. Among physicians, lassitude is a morbid sensation of 
languor which often precedes disease. 

LaSS'LORN, a. Forsaken by his lass or mistress. 

LAS'SO, it. [Fr. laisse ; L. lassus.] A rope or cord, with a 
noose, used for catching wild horses, &c. 

LAST, a. [contracted from latest ; Sax. last.] 1 . That comes 
after all the others in time ; the latest. 2. That follows 
all the others ; that is behind all the others in place ; hind- 
most. 3. Beyond which there is no more. 4. Next be- 
fore the present ; as, last month. 5. Utmost ; as, of the 
last importance. — R. Hall. 6. Lowest; meanest; as, the 
last prize. — At last, at the last, at the end ; in the conclu- 
sion. — To the last, to the end ; till the conclusion.— Syn. 
Final; ultimate; extreme. 

LaST, adv. 1. The last time ; the time before the present 
2. In conclusion ; finally. 

LAST, v. i. [Sax. lastan, lastan.] 1. To continue in time ; 
to endure ; to remain in existence. 2. To continue unim- 
paired; not to decay or perish. 3. To hold out; to con« 
tinue unconsumed. 

LAST, n. [Sax. hhzste; G., Sw., D., Dan. last.] 1. A load; 
hence, a certain weight or measure. It is generally esti 
mated at 4000 lbs., but varies exceedingly as to different 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J : 8 as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



LAT 



584 



LAT 



articles. -M'Culloch. 2. The term is sometimes applied 
to the burden of a ship. — M'Culloch. 
LaST, n. [Sax. laste, laste.] A mold or form of the human 
foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed. 

LIST-MENTIONED, a. Mentioned last 

tLAST'AdE, n. [Fr. lestage.] 1. A duty paid for freight or 
transportation. 2. Ballast 3. The lading of a ship. 

J LISTER- Y, n. A red color.— Spenser. 
LISTING, ppr. 1. Continuing in time ; enduring ; remain- 
ing. 2. a. Of long continuance ; that may continue or en- 
dure. — Syn. Durable; permanent; undecaying; perpetu- 
al; unending. 

LASTING, n. 1. Endurance. 2. A species of smooth 
woolen stuff used in making shoes. — Encyc. Bom. Econ. 

LISTING-LY, adv. Durably ; with continuance. 

LISTING-NESS, n. Durability ; the quality or state of 
long continuance. — Sidney. 

LASTLY, adv. 1. In the last place. 2. In the conclusion ; 
at last ; finally. 

LATCH, n. [Fr. loquet.] A small piece of iron or wood 
used to fasten a door. 

LATCH, v. t. 1. To fasten with a latch ; to fasten. 2. [Fr. 
lecher.] To smear. — Shalt. ; [obs.] 

LATCH'-KeY, n. A key used to raise the latch of a door. 

LATCHES, n. pi. Small lines like loops, used in connect- 
ing the head and foot of a sail. — Smart. 

LATCH'ET, n. [from latch ; Fr. lacet.] The string that fast- 
ens a shoe. — Mark, i. 

LITE, a. [Sax. lot, lat ; Goth. lata. This adjective has reg- 
ular terminations of the comparative and superlative de- 
grees, later, latest, but it has also latter, and latest is often 
contracted into last.] 1. Coming after the usual time ; 
slow ; tardy ; long delayed. 2. Far advanced toward the 
end or close. 3. Last, or recently in any place, office, or 
character ; as the late cabinet. 4. Existing not long ago, 
but now decayed, departed, or deceased. 5. Not long past ; 
happening not long ago ; recent ; new ; novel ; modern. 

LITE, adv. 1. After the usual time, or the time appointed ; 
after delay. 2. After the proper or usual season. 3. Not 
long ago ; lately. 4. Far in the night, day, week, or other 
particular period. — Of late, lately, in time not long past, or 
near the present. — Too late, after the proper time ; not in 
due time. 

\ La TED, a. Belated ; being too late.— Shak. 

LA-TEEN', a. A lateen sail is a triangular sail extended by a 
long yard much inclined to the horizon ; used in the Med- 
iterranean. 

LITE'LY, adv. Not long ago ; recently. 

LITEN-CY, n. The state of being concealed; abstruseness. 
—Paley. 

LITE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being tardy, or of coming 
after the usual time. 2. Time far advanced in any partic- 
ular period. 3. The state of being out of time, or after the 
appointed time. 

LATENT, a. [L. latens.] Hid; concealed; secret; not seen; 
not visible or apparent. — Latent heat is heat which enters 
into a body while changing its form from a solid to a liquid, 
or from a liquid to a vapor or gas, without altering its tem- 
perature. 

LI'TENT-LY, adv. In a latent manner ; secretly. 

LITER, a. [comp. deg. of late.] Posterior ; subsequent. 

LATER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. lateralis.] 1. Pertaining to the 
side. 2. Proceeding from the side. 

r LAT-ER-AL'I-TY. n. The quality of having distinct sides. 

LATER- AL-LY, adv. 1. By the side ; sideways.— Holder. 
2. In the direction of the side. 

LATER- AN, n. One of the churches at Rome with a pal- 
ace, &c, annexed to it, named from the owner of the 
ground in Nero's time. Here several ecclesiastical coun- 
cils, hence called Lateran councils, have been held. — P. Cyc. 

A LATE-RE. [L.] A legate a latere is a pope's legate or 
envoy, so called because sent from his side, from among 
his favorites and counselors. 

tLIT'ERED, a. Delayed.— Chaucer. 

LAT-ER-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. latus and folium.] In botany, 
growing on the side of a leaf at the base. — Lee. 

LAT-ER-i"TIOU3 (-ish'us), a. [L. lateritius.] Like bricks ; 
of the color of bricks. — Med. Repos. 

i LITE'WARD, adv. Somewhat late. 

LXTH, n. [Fr. latte.] 1. A thin, narrow board or slip of 
wood nailed to the rafters of a building to support the tiles 
or covering. 2. A thin, narrow slip of wood nailed to the 
studs, to support the plastering. 

LSTH, v. t. To cover or line with laths. — Mortimer. 

LITH, n. [Sax. leth.] In some parts of England, a part or 
division of a county. 

LITHE, n. [qu. lath.] A maohine by which instruments of 
wood, ivory, metals, and other materials are turned and 
cut into a smooth, round form. 

LITHED, pp. Covered or lined with laths. 

LATHER, v. i. [Sax. lethrian.] To form a foam with water 
and soap ; to become froth, or frothy matter. 

LATHER, v. t. To spread over with the foam of soap. 



LATHER, n. 1. Foam or froth made by soap moistened 
with water. 2. Foam or froth from profuse sweat, as ot 
a horse. 

LATHERED, pp. Spread over with the foam of soap. 

L ATH'ER-ING, ppr. Spreading over with the foam of soap. 

LITHY, a. _ Thin as a lath ; long and slender. — Smart. 

LA-TIB'tJ-LlZE, v. i. [L. latibulum.] To retire into a den 
burrow, or cavity, and he dormant in winter ; to retreat 
and lie hid. 

LATI-CLIVE, n. [L. laticlavium.] A distinctive badge 
worn by Roman senators, consisting of a broad, perpen- 
dicular stripe of purple extending from tbe neck through 
the center of the tunic in front. 

LAT-I-€OS'TATE, a. [L. latus and costa.] Broad-ribbed. 

LAT-I-DEN'TATE, a. [L. latus and dens.] Broad-toothed. 

LAT-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. latus and folium.] Broad-leafed. 

LATIN, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a people of Latium, in 
Italy; Roman. — Latin Church, the western, or Roman 
Catholic Church. 

LATIN, n. 1. The language of the ancient Romans. 2. An 
exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin. 

LATIN-ISM, n. A Latin idiom ; a mode of speech peculiar 
to the Latins. — Addison. 

LATIN-IST, n. One skilled in Latin. 

L A-TIN'I-TY, n. Purity of the Latin style or idiom ; the 
Latin tongue. 

LATIN-IZE, v. t. To give to foreign words Latin termina- 
tions, and make them Latin. — R. O. Cambridge. 

LATIN-iZE, v. i. To use words or phrases borrowed from 
the Latin. — Dryden. 

LATTN-lZED, pp. or a. Made into Latin ; borrowed from 
the Latin. 

LATIN-IZ-ING, ppr. Giving to foreign words Latin termin- 
ations. 

t LATIN-LY, adv. So as to understand and write Latin. 

LAT-I-ROS'TROUS, a. [L. latus and rostrum.] Having a 
broad beak, as a bird. — Brown. 

LITISH, a. [from late.] Somewhat late. 

LATI-TAN-CY, n. [L. latitans.] The state of lying conceal- 
ed: the state of lurking. — Brown. [Rare.] 

LATI-TANT, a. Lurking; lying hid; concealed. [Rare.] 

LATI-TAT,n. [L.J A writ by which a person is sum- 
moned into the King's Bench to answer, as supposing he 
lies concealed. 

LAT-I-TI'TION, n. A lying in concealment 

LATI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. latitudo.] 1. Breadth ; width ; ex 
tent from side to side ; [rare.] 2. Room ; space ; [rare.] — 
3. In astronomy, the distance of a heavenly body from the 
ecliptic. — 4. In geography, the distance of any place on the 
globe, north or south of the equator. 5. Extent of mean- 
ing or construction; indefinite acceptation. 6. Extent of 
deviation from a settled point ; freedom from rules or 
limits :_ laxity. 7. Extent. — Locke. 

LAT-I-Tu'DIN-AL, a. Pertaining to latitude ; in the direc- 
tion of latitude. — Gregory. 

LAT-I-TU-DIN-A'RI-AN, a. [Fr. latitudinaire.] Not restrain- 
ed ; not confined by precise limits ; thinking or acting at 
large ; lax in religious principles or views. 

LAT-I-TU-D1N-I'RI-AN, n. 1. One who is moderate in hi3 
notions, or not restrained by precise, settled limits in opin- 
ion; one who indulges freedom in thinking.— 2. In tho 
Church of England, formerly, one who denied or doubted 
the divine right or origin of episcopacy, though he admit- 
ted its expediency.— 3. In theology, one who departs in opin- 
ion from the strict principles of orthodoxy ; or one who 
indulges an undue latitude of thinking and interpretation. 

LAT-I-TU-DIN-I'RI-AN-ISM, n. 1. Undue freedom or laxi- 
ness of opinion, particularly in theology. 2. Indifference 
to religion. 

LAT-I-Tu'DIN-OUS, a. Having latitude, or large extent 

LI'TRANT, a. [L. latro.] Barking.— Tickell. 

t LI'TRITE, v. i. To bark as a dog. 

t LA-TRI-TION, n. A barking. 

LA-TRl A, n. [L.] The highest kind of worship, or that paid 
to God ; distinguished by the Roman Catholics from dulia. 

LATRO-BITE, n. [from Latrobe.] A Labrador mineral, allied 
to feldspar. 

t LATRO-CIN-Y, n. [L. latrocinium.] Theft ; larceny. 

LAT'TEN, n. [Fr. leton.] 1. In the Middle Ages, a kind of 
fine brass, used for crosses, &c. 2. Sheet tin ; iron plate, 
covered with tin. 

LATTEN-BRISS, n. Plates of milled brass ; sometime* 
called latten. 

LATTER, a. [an irregular comparative of late.] 1. Com' 
ing or happening after something else ; opposed to former 
2. Mentioned the last of two. 3. Modern ; lately done or 
past. 

LAT'TER-MITH, n. The latter mowing ; that which ia 
mowed after a former mowing ; the after-math. 

LATTER-LY, adv. Of late ; in time not long past ; lately. 

LATTICE (lattis), \ n. [Fr. lattis.] Any work of wood or 

LATTlCE-WoRK, 5 iron, made by crossing laths, rods, 
or bars, and forming open squares like net- work. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.—JL, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK. 



LAV 



585 



LAW 



LATTICE, n. A window of lattice-work. 

LATTICE, a. 1. Consisting of cross pieces. 2. Furnished 

with lattice-work. 

LATTICE, v. t. 1. To form with cross bars, and open 
work. 2. To furnish with a lattice. 

LATTICED (leftist), pp. or a. Furnished with a lattice. 

LJTUS RE-CTUM, n. [L.] In conic sections, the param- 
eter. 

LAUD, n. "L. laus, laudis.] 1. Praise ; commendation ; an 
extolling in words ; honorable mention ; [Utile used.] 2. 
That part of divine worship which consists in praise. 3. 
Music or singing in honor of any one.— 4. Lauds, in the 
Roman Catholic "Church, the prayers formerly used at day- 
break, between those of matins and prime. — Brande. 

LAUD, v. t. [L. laudo.] To praise in words alone, or with 
words and singing ; to celebrate. — Bentley. 

LAUD'A-BLE, a. [L. laudabilis.] 1. Praiseworthy ; com- 
mendable. 2. Healthy ; salubrious.— Arbuth. 3. Healthy ; 
well digested. 

LAUD'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving praise ; 
praiseworthiness. [Laudability, in a like sense, has been 
used, but rarely.] 

LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner deserving praise. 

* LAUD'A-NUM, n. [from L. laudo.] Opium prepared in 
spirit or wine ; tincture of opium. — Coze. 

\ LAUD-aTION, n. [L. laudatio.] Praise ; honor paid. 

LAUD'A-TIVE, n. [L. laudativus.] A panegyric ; a eulogy. 
Bacon. [Little used.] 

LAUD'A-TO-RY, a. Containing praise ; tending to praise. 

LAUD'A-TO-RY. n. That which contains praise. 

LAUD'ER, n. One who praises. 

LiUGH (laff ), v. i. [Sax. hlihan ; G. lachen ; D. lachen.] 1. 
To make the noise and exhibit the features which are char- 
acteristic of mirth in the human species. — 2. In poetry, to 
appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, lively, or brilliant. — To 
laugh at, to ridicule ; to treat with some degree of con- 
tempt. 

LiUGH, v. t. To ridicule or deride : with out ; as, to laugh 
one out of a plan. — To laugh to scorn, to deride; to treat 
with mockery, contempt, and scorn. 

LiUGH Gaff), n. An expression of mirth peculiar to the 
human species. 

LiUGH' A-BLE (laf fa-bl), a. That may justly excite laugh- 
ter. — Syn. Risible ; ridiculous ; ludicrous ; comical ; droll ; 
mirthful. 

LiUGH'A-BLE-NESS, n, The quality of being laughable. 

LiUGH' A-BLY, ad-v. In a manner to excite laughter. 

LiUGH'-AND-LiY-DOWN', n. A game at cards.— Skelton. 

LiUGHED (laft), pret. and pp. of laugh. 

LiUGH'ER (laf 'fer), n. One who laughs, or is fond of mer- 
rim e n t. — Pope. 

LiUGH'ING (laf 'fing), ppr. or a. Expressing mirth in a par- 
ticular manner. 

LiUGH'ING (laf 'fing), n. Laughter. 

LiUGHING GAS, n. Nitrous oxyd or protoxyd of nitro- 
gen, so called from the exhilaration and laughter which it 
produces when inhaled. — Brande. 

LiUGH'ING-STOCK, n. An object of ridicule. 

LiUGH ING-LY (laf 'fing-ly), adv. In a merry way ; with 
laughter. 

LiUGHTER. (laff'ter), n. Convulsive merriment ; an ex- 
pression of mirth peculiar to man. 

LiUGH'TER-LESS, a. Without laughing. 

LiUGH'WOR-THY, a. Deserving to be laughed at. 

LAU'MON-iTE, n. [from Laumont.] Efflorescent zeolite. 

t LiUNCE, n. Balance.— Spenser. 

LiUNCH, v. t. To move or cause to slide from the land 
into the water ; as, to launch a ship. 

LiUNCH, v. i. To go forth, as a ship into the water ; hence, 
to expatiate in language. 

LiUNCH, n. 1. The sliding or movement of a ship from 
the land into the water, on ways prepared for the pur- 
pose. 2. A kind of boat, longer, lower, and more flat-bot- 
tomed than a long-boat. 

LiUNCHiSD (lancht), pp. Moved into the water; expatia- 
ted on. 

LAUNCHING, ppr. Moving into the water ; expatiating. 

t LAUND, n. A lawn. — Chaucer. 

LiUN'DER O&n'der), n. [from L. lavo.] A washer-wom- 
an ; also, a long and hollow trough, used by miners to re- 
ceive the powdered ore from the box where it is "beaten. 

L AUN'DER (lan'der), v. t. To wash ; to wet-Shak. 

LiUN'DER-ER (lan'der-er), n. A man who follows the 
business of washing clothes. — Butler. 

LiUN'DRESS (lan'dres), n. [Fr. lavandiere.] A washer- 
woman ; a female whose employment is to wash clothes. 

LiUN'DRESS (lan'dres), v. i. To practice washing. 

LiUN'DRY (lan'dry), n. [Sp. lavadero.] 1. A washing. — 
Bacon. 2. The place or room where clothes are washed. 

LAURE-ATE, a. [L. lau%eatus.] Decked or invested with 
laurel. — Poet laureate, in Great Britain, an officer of the 
king's household, whose business is to compose an ode 
annually for the king's birthday, and for the new year. 



LAU'RE-ITE, v. t. To honor with a degree in the univer- 
sity, and a present of a wreath of laurel. — Warton. 

LAU'RE-i-TED, pp. Honored with a degree and a lam-el 
wreath. 

LAU'RE-ATE-SHIP, n. Office of a laureate. 

LAU'RE-A-TING, ppr. Honoring with a degree and a laurel 
wreath. 

LAU-RE-i'TION, n. The act of conferring a degree in the 
university, together with a wreath of laurel. 

* LAU'REL, n. [L. laurus.] The English name of the Tau- 
rus, a tree dedicated to Apollo, and used in making gar- 
lands or wreaths for victors, &c. 

* LAU'RELED, a. Crowned or decorated with laurel, or 

with laurel wreath ; laureate. 

LAU'RES-TINE, n. [L. laurustinus.] An ornamental ever- 
green shrub from the south of Europe. 

LAU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. laurus and fcro.] Producing or 
bringing laurel. 

LAU'RIN, n. A fatty substance, of an acrid taste, contained 
in the berries of the common laurel. 

LAUS DE'O. [L.] Praise to God. 

LAUS'KRAUT, n. [Ger. Idusekraut.] A plant. 

LAU'TU, n. A band of cotton, twisted and worn on the 
head of the Inca of Peru, as a badge of royalty. 

* Li'VA, n. [It. laua.] 1. A mass or stream of melted min- 

erals or stony matter which bursts or is thrown from the 
mouth or sides of a volcano. 2. The same matter when 
cool and hardened. 

Li'VA-LlKE, a. Resembling lava. 

LA-Va'TION, n. [L. lavatio.] A washing or cleansing. 

LAV'A-TO-RY, n. [See Lave.] 1. A place for washing. 2. 
A wash or lotion for a diseased part. 3. A place where 
gold is obtained for washing. 

L AVE, v. t. [Fr. laver ; L. lavo.] To wash ; to bathe. 

LaVE, v. i. To bathe ; to wash one's self. — Pope. 

t LaVE, v. t. [Fr. lever.] To throw up or out ; to lade out 

LaVE, n. [Sax. lafan, to leave.] The remainder ; others. 
[Scottish.] 

t LaVE'-eAR..ED, a. Having large, pendent ears. — Bp. Hall. 

LaVED, pp. Bathed ; washed. 

LA- VEER', v. t. [Fr. louvoyer.] In seamen's language, to 
tack ; to sail back and forth. — Dryden. [Rare.] 

LaVE'MENT, n. [Fr.] 1. A washing or bathing. 2. A clyster. 

LAVEN-DER, n. [L. lavandula.] A highly odoriferous 
plant, whose leaves, when dried, are used to give an agree- 
able scent to linen. 

LAVEN-DER-WA'TER, n. A liquor composed of spirits 
of wine, essential oil of lavender, and ambergris. 

La'VER, n. [Fr. lavoir.] A vessel for washing ; a large basin. 

La'VER, 7i. The fronds or leaves of certain marine plants 
potted in order to be eaten. — Smart. 

LAVER-OCK, 7i. The lark. [Scottish.] 

LaV'ING, ppr. Washing; bathing. 

LAVISH, a. 1. Expending or bestowing with profusion. 
2. Expending without necessity; liberal to a fault. 3 
Wild ; unrestrained ; as, a lavish spirit. Shah. — Syn. 
Prodigal ; wasteful ; profuse ; extravagant ; exuberant , 
immoderate. 

LAVISH, v. t. 1. To expend or bestow with profusion. 2. 
To waste ; to expend without necessity or use ; to squan- 
der. 

LAVISHED (lav'isht), pp. Expended profusely ; wasted. 

LAV'ISH-ER, n. A prodigal ; a profuse person. 

LAVISH-ING, ppr. Expending or laying out with profu- 
sion; wasting. 

LAV'ISH-LY, adv. With profuse expense ; prodigally ; 
wastefully. — Dryden. — Pope. 

LAVISH-MENT, ? „ n . ,. ,._ a 

LAVISH-NESS \ n ' ^ T0 ^ ViSlori > prodigality. — Spenser. 

LA-VOLT, 1 n. [It. la volta.] An old dance, in which was 

LA-VOL'TA, 3 much taming and capering. — Shah. 

LAW, 7i. [Sax. laga, lage, lag, or lah ; Sw. lag ; Dan. lov ; 
It. legge ; Sp. ley ; Fr. lot] 1. A rule, particularly an es- 
tablished or permanent rule, prescribed by the supreme 
power of a state. — 2. Municipal law is a rule of civil con- 
duct prescribed by the supreme power of a state, com- 
manding what its subjects are to do, and prohibiting what 
they are to forbear. — 3. Law of nature, is a rule of con- 
duct arising out of the natural relations of human beings 
established by the Creator, and existing prior to any pos- 
itive precept. — 4. Laws of animal nature, the inherent prin- 
ciples by which the economy and functions of animal 
bodies are performed. — 5. Laws of vegetation, the princi- 
ples which regulate the production and growth of plants. 
— 6. Physical laws, or laws of nature, the invariable tenden- 
cy or determination of any species of matter to a particu- 
lar form with definite properties, and the determination of 
a body to certain motions, changes, and relations which 
uniformly take place in the same circumstances, is called 
a. physical law. — 7. Laws of nations, the rules that regulate 
the mutual intercourse of nations or states. — 8. Moral law, 
a law which prescribes to men their religious and social 
duties. — 9. Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action prescribed 



DOVE ;— BULL UNITE ;— AN'GER. VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



LAX 



586 



LAY 



for the government of a church, otherwise called canon 
law. — 10. Canon law, the body of ecclesiastical Roman law. 
«— Jl. Written, or statute law, a law or rule of action prescrib- 
ed or enacted by the legislative power, and promulgated 
and recorded in writing. — 12. Unwritten, or common law, a 
rule of action which derives its authority from long usage, 
or established custom. — 13. By-law, a law of a city, town, or 
private corporation ; [see By.] — 14. Mosaic law, the insti- 
tutions of Moses. — 15. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institu- 
tions which prescribe the external rites and ceremonies. 
16. A rule of direction ; a directory ; as reason and nat- 
ural conscience. 17. That which governs or has a tend- 
ency to rule. 18. The word of God ; the doctrines and 
precepts of God, or his revealed will. 19. The Old Testa- 
ment. 20. The institutions of Moses, as distinct from the 
other parts of the Old Testament ; as, the law and the 
prophets. 21. A rule or axiom of science or art ; settled 
principle. — 22. Law martial, or martial law, the, rules or- 
dained for the government of an army or military force. 
— 23. Marine laws, rules for the regulation of navigation, 
and the commercial intercourse of nations. — 24. Commer- 
cial law, law merchant, the system of rules by which trade 
and commercial intercourse are regulated between mer- 
chants. 25. Judicial process ; prosecution of right in 
courts of law ; as, to go to law. 26. Jurisprudence. — Civil 
law, 'criminal law ; [see Civil and Criminal.] — Laws of 
honor ; [see Honor.] — Law language, the language used 
in legal writings and forms, particularly the Norman dia- 
lect, or Old French, which was used in judicial proceed- 
ings from the days of William the Conqueror to the 36th 
year of Edward III. — Wager of law, a species of trial for- 
merly used in England. — Svn. Statute ; regulation ; or- 
dinance ; precept ; institute ; decree ; edict. 

LAW'-BREaK-ER, n. One who violates the law. 

LAW'-DaY, n. 1. A day of open court.— Shak. 2. A leet, 
or sheriff's court. 

LAW'-LoRE, n. Ancient law learning. — Jefferson. 

LAW'-MaK'ER, n. One who enacts or ordains laws ; a leg- 
islator ; a lawgiver. 

LAW'-MaK'ING, a. Enacting laws. 

LAW-M6N"GER, n. A low dealer in law ; a pettifogger. 

LAWFUL, a. 1. Agreeable to law ; conformable to law ; 
allowed by law ; as, lawful proceedings. 2. Constituted 
by law. — Syn. Legal ; constitutional ; allowable ; regular , 
rightful. 

LAW'FUL-LY, adv. Legally ; in accordance with law ; 
without violating law. 

LAWFULNESS, n. The quality of being conformable to 
law; legality. 

LAWGIV-ER, n. [law and.give.] One who makes or enacts 
a law ; a legislator. — Swift. 

LAW'GIV-ING, c Making or enacting laws ; legislative. 

L AWING, 7i. Expeditation ; the act of cutting off the claws 
and balls of the fore-feet of mastiffs. 

LAWLESS, a. 1. Not subject to law ; unrestrained by law. 

2. Contrary to law ; illegal ; unauthorized. 3. Not sub- 
ject to the ordinary laws of nature ; uncontrolled. 

LAWLESS-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law. — Shak. 

LAWLESS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being unre- 
strained by law ; disorder. — Spenser. 

LAWN, n. [W. llan.] An open space between woods ; a 
space of ground covered with grass, generally in front of 
or around a house or mansion. 

LAWN, n. [Fr. linon.] A sort of fine linen or cambric, 
used in the sleeves of bishops. 

LAWN, a. Made of lawn. 

LAWNT, a. 1. Level, like a lawn. 2. Made of lawn. 

LAWSuIT, n. A suit in law for the recovery of a supposed 
right ; a process in law instituted by a party to compel 
another to do him justice. 

LAWYER, n. [that is, lawer, contracted from lazo-wer, law- 
man.'] One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law ; 
one whose profession is to institute suits in courts of law, 
and to prosecute or defend the cause of clients. 

LAWYER-LIKE, a. Like a real lawyer. 

LAWYER-LY, a. Judicial.— Milton. 

LAX, a. [L. laxus.] 1. Flabby; soft; not tense, firm, or 
rigid ; as, lax flesh. — Ray. 2. Not tight or tense, as a cord. 

3. Not firmly united; of loose texture. — Woodward. 4. 
Not rigidly exact ; as, a lax signification. 5. Not strict ; as, 
lax discipline or morals. 6. Loose in the intestines, and 
having too frequent discharges. — Syn. Loose; slack; 
vague ; unconfined ; unrestrained ; dissolute ; licentious. 

LAX, n. 1. A looseness ; diarrhea. 2. [Sax. \cex.] A spe- 
cies offish or salmon; [not in use.] 

LAX-A'TION, n. [L. laxatio.] The act of loosening; or the 
state of being loose cr slackened. 

LAXA-TIVE, a. [Fr. laxatif] Having the power or quality 
of loosening or opening the intestines, and relieving from 
constipation. 

LAX'A-TIVE, n. A medicine that relaxes the intestines 
and relieves from costiveness ; a gentle purgative. 

LAX'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of relaxing. 



LAXT-TY, n. [L. laxitas.] 1. Looseness ; slackness. 2 
Looseness of texture. 3. Want of exactness or precision. 
4. Looseness ; defect of exactness. 5. Looseness, as ol 
the intestines. 6. Openness ; not closeness. 

LAX'LY, adv. Loosely ; without exactness. — Rees. 

LAX'NESS, n. 1. Looseness ; softness ; flabbiness. 2. Lax- 
ity. 3. Looseness. 4. Slackness, as of a cord. 

LaY, pret. of lie. 

LaY, v. t.; pret. and pp. laid. [Sax. lecgan, legan; D. leg- 
gen.] 1. Literally, to throw down ; hence, to put or place. 
2. To beat down ; to prostrate, as corn or grain. 3. To 
settle ; to fix and keep from rising, as dust. 4. To place 
in order ; to dispose with regularity in building, as bricks 
or boards. 5. To spread on a surface, as colors. 6. To 
spread or set. 7. To calm ; to appease ; to still ; to allay. 
as winds. 8. To quiet ; to still ; to restrain from walking. 
9. To spread and set in order ; to prepare. 10. To place 
in the earth for growth.— Mortimer. 11. To place at haz- 
ard ; to wage ; to stake. 12. To bring forth ; to exclude, 
as eggs. 13. To add ; to join. 14. To put ; to apply. 15. 
To assess ; to charge ; to impose, as taxes. 16. To charge ; 
to impute, as faults. 17. To impose, as evil, burden, or 
punishment. 18. To enjoin as a duty. 19. To exhibit ; to 
present or offer. 20. To prostrate ; to slay. 21. To de- 
press and lose sight of, by sailing or departing from. 22. 
To station ; to set, as an ambuscade. 23. To contrive ; to 
scheme ; to plan. 

To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands. — To lay apart, 
to put away ; to reject. — To lay aside. 1. To put oft" or 
away; not to retain. 2. To discontinue. — To lay away, 
to reposit in store ; to put aside for preservation. — To lay 
before, to exhibit; to show; to present to view. — To lay 
by. 1. To reserve for future use. 2. To put away ; to dis- 
miss. 3. To put off. — To lay down. 1. To deposit, as a 
pledge, equivalent, or satisfaction ; to resign. 2. To give 
up ; "to resign ; to quit or relinquish, as an office. 3. To 
quit ; to surrender the use of, as one's arms. 4. To offer 
or advance, as a proposition. — To lay one's self down, to 
commit to repose. — To lay hold of, to seize ; to catch. To 
lay hold on, is used in a like sense. — To lay in, to store ; to 
treasure ; to provide previously. — To lay on, to apply with 
force ; to inflict, as blows. — To lay open, to open ; to make 
bare ; to uncover ; also, to show ; to expose ; to reveal. — 
To lay over, to spread over ; to incrust ; to cover the sur- 
face. — To lay out. 1. To expend; as, to lay out money, 
or sums of money. 2. To display ; to discover ; [obs.] 3. 
To plan ; to dispose in order the several parts, as pleas- 
ure-grounds. 4. To dress in grave-clothes, and place in a 
decent posture, as the dead. 5. To exert, as one's self or 
one's powers. — To lay to. 1. To charge upon ; to impute. 
2. To apply with vigor. 3. To attack or harass ; [obs.] 4. 
To check the motion of a ship, and cause her to be sta- 
tionary. — To lay together, to collect ; to bring to one place ; 
also, to bring into one view. — To lay to heart, to permit to 
affect greatly. — To lay under, to subject to. — To lay up. 
1. To store ; to treasure ; to hoard ; to reposit for future 
use. 2. To confine to the bed or chamber. 3. To dis- 
mantle and place in dock, or some safe place, as a ship.— 
To lay siege, to besiege ; to encompass with an army.— 
To lay wait, to station for private attack ; to lay in am 
bush for. — To lay the course, in sailing, is to sail toward 
the port intended without jibing.— To lay waste, to destroy, 
to desolate ; to deprive of inhabitants, improvements, and 
productions. — To lay the land, in seamen's language, is to 
cause the land apparently to sink or appear lower by sail- 
ing from it, the distance diminishing the elevation. 

LaY, v. i. 1. To bring or produce eggs. 2. To contrive , 
to form a scheme ; [unusual.]-^To lay about, to strike or 
throw the arms on all sides ; to act with vigor. — To lay at, 
to strike, or to endeavor to strike. — To lay in for, to make 
overtures for ; to engage or secure the possession of.— To 
lay on. 1. To strike ; to beat ; to deal blows incessantly 
and with vehemence. 2. To act with vehemence. Shak. ; 
[used of expenses.'] — To lay out. 1. To purpose ; to in- 
tend. 2. To take measures. — To lay upon. 1. To wager 
upon. 2. To importune ; [obs.] 

LaY, n. 1. That which lies or is laid ; a row ; a stratum , 
a layer ; one rank in a series reckoned upward. 2. A bet ; 
a wager ; [little used.] 3. Station ; rank ; [obs.] 

LaY, n. [Sax. leag, leah, lege.] A meadow ; a plain or plat 
of grass land. 

LIY, n. [Sax. legh or ley.] 1. A song; as, a loud or a soft 
lay. 2. A kind of narrative poem among the ancient min- 
strels ; as, the Lay of the Last Minstrel. 

LaY, a. [Fr. lai; L. laicus.] Pertaining to the laity or peo- 
ple, as distinct from the clergy ; not clerical. 

LIY'-BRoTH'ER, n. One received into a convent of 
monks under the three vows, but not in holy orders.— 
Brande. 

LaY'-€LERK', n. A layman who reads the responses of 
the congregation, &c, in the church-service. 

LIY'-ELD'ER, n. In the Presbyterian Church, the same as 
elder, which see. 



* See Synopsis. A,E, I, &c, long. — I, £,?, &c, . 



-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BiRD ;— Mo VF, BOOK, 



LEA 



587 



LEA 



La¥ -FIGURE, > n. A figure made of wood or cork in im- 

LIY'-MAN, 3 itation of the human body. It can be 
placed in any position or attitude, and serves, when clothed, 
as a model for the drapery, &c. — Brown. 

LaY'ER (la'er), n. 1. A stratum ; a bed ; a body spread 
over another. 2. A course, as of bricks, stones, &c. 3. A 
shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid 
under ground for growth or propagation. 4. One who 
lays, as a hen. 

LaY'ER out, n. One who expends money ; a steward. 

LaY'ER up, n. One who reposits for future use ; a treas- 
urer. 

L aY'ER-ING, n. The propagation of plants by layers. 

LaY'ING, n. 1. The first coat on laths of plasterers' two-coat 
work. 2. The act or period of laying eggs ; the eggs laid. 

LaYTNG, ppr. Putting; placing; applying; imputing; wa- 
gering. 

LIY'L AND, n. Land lying untilled ; fallow ground. [Local.] 

LaY'MAN, n. 1. A man who is not a clergyman ; one of 
the laity or people, distinct from the clergy. 2. A figure 
used by painters. [See Lay-figure.] 3. A lay-clerk. 

L aY'STALL, n. [lay and stall.] A heap of dung, or a place 
where dung is laid. — Ash. 

La'ZAR, n. [from Lazarus ; Sp. lazaro.] A person infected 
with nauseous and pestilential disease. — Dryden. 

La'ZAR^-HOUSE, n. A lazaretto ; also, a hospital for quar- 
antine. 

Li'ZAR~LY KE ' } a - FuU of sores ; le P rous -— B P- HaU - 

LAZ-A-RET', } n. [It. lazzeretto ; Fr. lazaret] A public 

LAZ-A-RETTO, 5 building, hospital, or pest-house for the 
reception of diseased persons, particularly for those affect- 
ed with contagious distempers. 

LAZ'AR-lTES, fn.pl. An order of missionaries in the Ro- 

LAZ'AR-ISTS, 5 man Catholic Church, established in 1632, 
and deriving their name from the priory of St. Lazarus, in 
Paris, which was their headquarters.— Brande. 

La'Z AR-W6RT, > n. The popular English name of some 

La'SER-W6RT, 5 species of laserpitium, a genus of plants. 

LAZ-A-Ro'NI, n. pi. In Naples, the poor, who live by beg- 
ging, or have no permanent habitation. So called from 
the hospital of St. Lazarus, which serves as then- refuge. 
— Brande. 

LaZE, v. i. To live in idleness. [Vulgar.] 

LaZE, v. t. To waste in sloth. [Vulgar.] 

La'ZI-LY, adv. In a heavy, sluggish manner ; sluggishly. 

La'ZI-NESS, n. 1. The state or qxiality of being lazy ; indis- 
position to action or exertion ; indolence ; sluggishness ; 
heaviness in motion ; habitual sloth. — Laziness differs from 
idleness ; the latter being a mere defect or cessation of ac- 
tion, but laziness is sloth, with natural or habitual disincli- 
nation to action. 2. Slowness ; tardiness. 

La'ZING, a. Spending time in a sluggish inaction. [Inele- 
gant.] _ 

LAZ'U-Ll. Lapis lazuli is a mineral of a fine azure-blue 
color, often sprinkled with yellow pyrites. 

LAZ'U-LlTE, n. A mineral of a light, indigo-blue color, 
consisting of phosphoric acid, alumina, and magnesia. 

La'ZY, a. [G. lass, lassig.] 1. Disinclined to action or exer- 
tion ; naturally or habitually averse to labor ; heavy in mo- 
tion. 2. Moving slowly or apparently with labor. — Syn. 
Slothful ; sluggish ; slow ; dilatory ; indolent ; idle ; in- 
active. 

LB., stands for pound in weight ; lbs., for pounds. 

LD., stands for lord. 

LEA ? 

Ley' \ ^' n ' ^ meadow or sward-land. 

LeACH, v. t. [Sw. laka.] To wash, as ashes, by percola- 
tion, or causing water to pass through them, and thus to 
separate from them the alkali. 

LeACH, n. A quantity of wood-ashes, through which wa- 
ter passes, and thus imbibes the alkali. 

LeACH'-TUB, n. A wooden vessel or tub in which ashes 
are leached. It is sometimes written letch-tub. 

LEAD (led), n. [Sax. lad.] 1. A metal of a dull white color, 
with a cast of blue. 2. A plummet or mass of lead, used 
in sounding at sea. 3. A thin plate of type-metal, used to 
separate lines in printing. 4. A small cylinder of black- 
lead or plumbago used in ever-pointed pencils. — 5. Leads, 
a flat roof covered with lead. See, also, White Lead and 
Red Lead. 

LEAD (led), v. t. 1. To cover with lead ; to fit with lead.— 
2. In printing, to widen the space between lines by insert- 
ing a lead or thin plate of type-metal. 

LEAD'-PEN-CIL (led'-pen-sil), n. An instrument for draw- 
ing or making lines, made of plumbago or black-lead. 

LfiAD'-SHOT 'led'-shot), n. Shot manufactured from lead. 

LEAD (leed), v t. ; pret. and pp. led. [Sax. Icedan ; G. leiten ; 
D. leiden.] 1 To guide by the hand. 2. To guide or con- 
duct by showing the way; to direct. 3. To conduct to 
any place. 4. To conduct, as a chief or commander, im- 
plying authority; to direct and govern. 5. To precede; 
to introduce by going first. 6. To guide ; to show the 



method of attaining an object. 7. To draw ; to entice ; to 
allure. 8. To induce ; to prevail on ; to influence ; to bias 
or incline. 9. To pass ; to spend, that is, to draw out, aa 
a fife. — To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way or into er- 
ror ; to seduce from truth or rectitude. — To lead captive, 
to carry into captivity. 

LEAD, v. i. 1. To go before and show the way. 2. To con- 
duct, as a chief or commander. 3. To draw ; to have a 
tendency to. 4. To exercise dominion. Spenser. — To lead 
off or out, to go first; to begin. 

LEAD, n. Precedence ; a going before ; guidance. 

LEADED (lea\'ed),pp. or a. 1. Fitted with lead ; set In lead ; 
as, leaded windows. 2. Separated by leads, as lines in 
printing. 

LeAD'^N (led'n), a. 1. Made of lead. 2. Heavy ; indisposed 
to action. 3. Heavy ; dull. 

LeAD'jBN-HE ART-ED, a. Stupid; destitute of feeling. 

L£AD'.EN-HEEL.ED, a. Moving slowly.— Ford. 

LEAD'£N-STEP-PING, a. Moving slowly.— Milton. 

Le AD'ER, n. 1. One who leads or conducts ; a guide ; a con 
ductor. 2. A chief: a commander; a captain. 3. One 
who goes first. 4. The chief or head of a party or faction. 
5. A performer who leads a band or choir in music. 6. 
The leading editorial article in a newspaper. — 7. The lead- 
ers, are the principal wheels in any kind of machinery. — 
Francis. 

Le AD'ER-SHIP, n. The state or condition of a leader. 

LeADTNG (led'ing), ppr. 1. Fitting or setting in lead. 2. 
Separating by leads, as in printing. 

LEADING, ppr. I. Guiding ; conducting ; preceding ; draw- 
ing; alluring; passing life. 2. a. Chief; principal ; capital ; 
most important or influential. 3. Showing the way by go- 
ing first. — Leading question. See Question. 

LEADING, n. Guidance; the act of conducting ; direction. 

LeAD'ING-STRINGS, n. pi. Strings by which children are 
supported when beginning to walk. Dryden. — To be in 
leading-strings, to be in a state of infancy or dependence, 
or in pupilage under the guidance of others. 

LeAD'ING-LY, adv. By leading. 

t LeAD'MAN, n. One who begins or leads a dance. 

LeAD'WoRT (led'wurt), n. The name of some species of 
plumbago, a genus of plants. 

LeAD'Y (led'dy), a. Of the color of lead.— Sir T. Elyot. 

LEAF, n. ; pi. Leaves. [Sax. leafe.] 1. In botany, an expan- 
sion of plants, springing forth ordinarily from the stems 
or branches. The term is also popularly applied to the 
thin extended part or petal of a flower. 2. A part of a 
book containing two pages. 3. A term formerly applied 
to the sides of window-shutters, folding-doors, &c. 4. 
Something resembling a leaf in thinness and extension ; a 
very thin plate. 5. The movable side of a table. 

LeAF, v. i. To shoot out leaves ; to produce leaves. 

LE AF'-BRDDgE, n. A draw-bridge having a leaf or platform 
on each side which rises and falls. — Francis. 

Le AF'-BUD, n. The rudiment of a young branch, or a grow- 
ing point covered with rudimentary leaves, called scales. 
— Lindley. 

L£AF'-€ROWN£D, a. Crowned with leaves or foliage. 

LeAF'-FAT, n. The fatwhich.lies in leaves or layers with- 
in the body of an animal. 

LeAF'-LaRD, n. Lard made of leaf-fat. 

LeAF'-STALK (-stawk), n. The petiole or stalk which sup- 
ports a leaf. — Martyn. 

LeAF'AgE, n. Leaves collectively ; abundance of leaves. 

LEAF.ED (leeft), pp. Having leaves. 

LE AF'I-NESS, n. A state of being full of leaves. 

LeAF'ING, n. The process of unfolding leaves. 

LeAF'LESS, a. Destitute of leaves.— Pope. 

LeAF'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of leaves. 

LEAFLET, n. 1. A little leaf.— 2. In botany, one of the di- 
visions of a compound leaf; a foliole. 

LeAF'Y. a. Full of leaves ; as. the leafy forest. — Dryden. 

LEAGUE Oeeg), n. [Fr. ligue; It. lega.] 1. A contract or 
union between princes or states for their mutual aid or 
defense. 2. Union of two or more partiesfor the purpose 
of maintaining friendship and promoting their mutual in- 
terest, or for executing any design in concert. — Syn. Alli- 
ance ; confederacy; coalition; combination; compact. 

LEAGUE (leeg), v. i. 1. To unite, as princes or states in a 
contract of amity for mutual aid or defense ; to confeder- 
ate. 2. To unite or confederate, as private persons for 
mutual aid. 

LEAGUE (leeg), n. [Sp. legua ; It. lega ; Fr. lieue.] 1. Orig- 
inally, a stone erected on the public roads, at certain dis- 
tances, in the manner of the modern mile-stones. 2. The 
distance between two stones. With the English and 
Americans, a league is the length of three miles. 

LeAGU-ED, pp. or a. United in mutual compact ; confed- 
erated. 

LEAGU'ER (lee'ger), n. One who unites in a league ; a con 
federate. 

LEAGU'ER. n. [D. beleggeren.] Siege ; investment of a town 
or fort by an army. — Shak. [Little used.] 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCTOUS.— € as K , G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 1 Obsolete. 



LEA 



588 



LEA 



LEAGUING, ppr. Uniting in a compact. 

LEAK, n. [D. lek ; G. leek.] 1. A crack, crevice, fissure, or 
hole in a vessel that admits water, or permits a fluid to es- 
cape. 2. The oozing or passing of water or other fluid or 
liquor through a crack, fissure, or aperture. — To spring a 
leak, is to open or crack so as to let in water ; to begin to 
let in water. 

fLEAK, a. Leaky. — Spenser. 

LeAK, v. i. To let water or other liquor into or out of a 
vessel, through a hole or crevice in the vessel. — To leak out, 
to find vent ; to escape privately, as a secret. 

LEAK'AdE, n. 1. A leaking ; the quantity of a liquor that 
enters or issues by leaking. 2. An allowance, in com- 
merce, of a certain rate per cent, for the leaking of casks. 

LEAKING, n. The oozing or passing of a liquid through an 
aperture. 

LeAK'Y, a. 1. That admits water or other liquor to pass in 
or out. 2. Apt to disclose secrets ; tattling. — Smart. 

LeAL, a. In Scottish, faithful; true. Hence, the land of the 
leal is the place of the faithful ; heaven. — Jamieson. 

LeAM, n. A string to lead a dog. — Rich. Diet. 

LeAM'ER, n. A dog ; a kind of hound. 

LeAN, v. i. [Sax. hlinian, hleonian.) 1. To deviate or move 
from a straight or perpendicular line ; or to be in a posi- 
tion thus deviating. 2. To incline or propend; to tend 
toward. 3. To bend or incline so as to rest on something. 
4. To bend ; to be in a bending posture. 

LeAN, v. t. 1. To incline ; to cause to lean. — Shak. 2. [Ice. 
luna.] To conceal. — Ray ; [obs.] 

LEAN, a. [Sax. lane or hlcene.] 1. Wanting flesh ; not fat. 
2. Not rich ; destitute of good qualities ; bare ; barren ; as, 
lean earth. — Shak. 3. Low; poor; in opposition to rich 
or great ; [unusual.] 4. Barren of thought ; destitute of 
that which improves or entertains ; jejune.— Syn. Slender ; 
spare ; thin ; meager ; lank ; skinny ; gaunt. 

LeAN, n. That part of flesh which consists of muscle with- 
out thefat. — Farquhar. 

Le AN'-FaC ED (-faste), a. Having a thin face. — Among print- 
ers, applied to letters which have not their full breadth. 

LeAN'-To, n. A part of a building which appears to lean 
on the main building. — Francis. 

LeAN'-WIT-TED, a. Having but little sense or shrewd- 
ness.— Shak. 

LEANED, pp. Inclined ; caused to lean. 

LE ANTNG, ppr. or a. Inclining ; causing to lean. 

LeAN'LY, adv. Meagerly ; without fat or plumpness. 

Le AN'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of fat ; want of flesh ; thin- 
ness of bedy ; meagemess. 2. Want of matter; poverty; 
emptiness. — 3. In Scripture, want of grace and spiritual 
comfort. 

{ LeAN'Y, a. Alert; brisk; active. — Spenser. 
LEAP, v. i. [Sax. hleapan.] 1. To spring or rise from the 
ground with both feet, as man, or with all the feet, as oth- 
er animals ; to jump ; to vault. 2. To spring or move 
suddenly. 3. To rush with violence. 4. To spring; to 
bound ; to skip ; as, to leap for joy. 5. To fly ; to start. — 
Shak. 

LEAP, v. t. 1. To pass over by leaping ; to spring or bound 
from one side to the other. 2. To copulate with, as a male 
animal. 

LeAP, n. 1. A jump ; a spring ; a bound ; act of leaping. 
2. Space passed by leaping. 3. A sudden transition or 
passing. — Swift. 4. The space that may be passed at a 
bound. 5. Embrace of animals. 6. Hazard, or effect of 
leaping. 7. A basket ; a weel for fish ; [obs.] 

LeAP'-FROG, n. A play among boys, in which one stoops 
down and another leaps over him by placing his hands on 
the shoulders of the former. — Shak. 

LeAP'-YeAR, n. Bissextile, a year containing 366 days ; 
every fourth year, which leaps over a day more than a 
common year. 

LeAP-ED (leept or lept), pp. Jumped; passed over by a 
bound. 

LeAP'ER, n. One who leaps ; as, a horse is a good leaper. 

LEAPING, ppr. Jumping; springing; bounding; skipping. 

LEAPTNG, n. The act of jumping or passing by a leap. 

LeAP'ING-LY, adv. By leaps.— Huloet. 

LE ARN (lern). v. t. [Sax. leomian ; G. lernen ; D. leeren.] 1. 
To gain kne wledge of ; to acquire knowledge or ideas of 
something before unknown. 2. To acquire skill in any 
thing ; to gain by practice a faculty of performing. 3. To 
teach; to communicate the knowledge of something be- 
fore unknown. — Shak. ; [improper.] 

LeARN (lern), v. i. 1. To gain or receive knowledge ; to 
receive instruction : to take pattern : with of. 2. To re- 
ceive information or intelligence. 

LEARNED (lernd), ) pp. Obtained, as knowledge or infor- 

LEARNT (lernt), 5 mation. 

LeARN'ED (lern'ed), a. 1. Versed in literature and science. 

2. Skillful ; well acquainted with arts ; knowing : with in. 

3. Containing learning, as a discourse. 4. Versed in scho- 
lastic, as distinct from other knowledge. Locke. — The 
learned, learned men ; men of erudition : literati. 



LeARN'ED-LY (lern'ed-ly), adv. With learning or erudi 
tion ; with skill. — Swift. 

LfiARN'ED-NESS, n. State of being learned. — Abp. Laud. 

LeARN'ER (lern'er), n. A person who is gaining knowledge 
from instruction, from reading or study, or by other means ; 
one who is in the rudiments of any science or art. 

LEARNING (lern'ing), ppr. Gaining knowledge by instruc- 
tion or reading, by study, by experience or observation ; 
acquiring skill by practice. 

LEARNING (lern'ing), n. 1. The knowledge of principles 
or facts received by instruction or study ; acquired knowl- 
edge or ideas in any branch of science or literature. 2. 
Knowledge acquired by experience, experiment, or ob- 
servation. 3. Skill in any thing good or bad. Hooker.- 
Syn. Erudition ; lore ; scholarship ; science ; letters ; lit- 
erature. 

LeASA-BLE, a. That may be leased. — Sherwood. 

LeASE, n. [Fr. laisser.] 1. A demise or letting of lands, 
tenements, or hereditaments to another for life, for a term 
of years, or at will, for a rent or compensation reserved ; 
also, the contract for such letting. 2. Any tenure by grant 
or permission. — Shak. 

LeASE, v. t. [Fr. laisser.] To let; to demise; to grant the 
temporary possession of lands, tenements, or heredita 
ments to another for a rent reserved. 

t LeASE (leez), v. i. [Sax. lesan.] To glean ; to gather wha 
harvest-men have left. — Diijden. 

LeASjED, pp. or a. Demised or let, as lands or tenements. 

LeASE'HoLD, a. Held by lease.— Swift. 

LeASE'HoLD, n. A tenure held by lease. 

LeASE'HoLD-ER, n. A tenant under a lease. — Smart. 

LeAS'ER, n. A gleaner; a gatherer after reapers. 
LeASH, n. [Fr. laisse, lesse.] 1. A thong of leather, ot 
long line by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a coursei 
his dog. — 2. Among sportsmen, a brace and a half; tierce , 
three ; three creatures of any kind, especially greyhounds, 
foxes, bucks, and hares. 3. A band wherewith to tie anj 
thing. — Boyle. 

LEASH, v. t. To bind ; to hold by a string.— Shak. 

Le ASHED (leesht), pp. Bound ; held by a string. 

LEASHING, ppr. Holding by a string. 

t LeAS'ING, n. [Sax. leasunge.] Falsehood; lies. 

tLEAS'oW, n. [Sax. Uswe.] A pasture.— Wickliffe. 

LEAST, a. [superl. of Sax. Ices, less, contracted from Icesest. 
It can not be regularly formed from little.] Smallest ; lit 
tie beyond others, either in size or degree. — Least is often 
used without the noun to which it refers. 

LEAST, adv. In the smallest or lowest degree ; in a degree 
below all others. — At least, or at the least, to say no more , 
not to demand or affirm more than is barely sufficient , at 
the lowest degree. — The least, in the smallest degree. — At 
leastwise, in the sense of at least, is obsolete. 

tLEAS'Y, a. Thin ; flimsy. It is usually pronounced sleazy. 
— Ascham. 

t LeAT, n. [Sax. lat.] An artificial trench to conduct water 
to or from a mill. — Francis. 

LEATHER (lefli'er), n. [Sax. Icther ; G., D. leder.] 1. The 
skin of an animal dressed and prepared for use. 2. Dress- 
ed hides in general. 3. Skin ; [in an ironical sense.] 

LEATHER (lefh'er), a. Leathern; consisting of leather. 

LEATHER, v. t. To beat ; to lash, as with a thong of 
leather. — Smart. [A low word. This word was once in 
good use, and corresponded to the medieval Latin decori- 
are. See Ducange.] 

LeATH'ER-€5AT, n. An apple with a tough rind. 

LeATH'ER-DRESS-ER, n. One who dresses leather ; one 
who prepares hides for use. — Pope. 

Le ATH'ER-JAGK-ET, n. A fish of the Pacific Ocean. 

LEATHER-MOUTHED, a. "By leather-mouthed fish, 1 
mean such as have their teeth in their throat, as the chub. H 
— Walton. 

LSATHER-SELL-ER n. A seller or dealer in leather. 

LEATHER-WINGED, a. Having wings like leather ; an 
epithet of a bat. — Spenser. 

Le ATH'ER-WOOD, n. A small shrub of the United States, 
with very flexible branches, and a tough, leathery bark. — 
Gardner. 

LEATHERN, a. Made of leather; consisting of leather. 

LEATHER- Y, a. Resembling leather ; tough.— Grew. 

LEAVE, n. [Sax. leaf lefe.] 1. Permission ; allowance , li- 
cense ; liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is 
removed. 2. Farewell ; adieu ; ceremony of departure ; 
a formal parting of friends ; used chiefly in the phrase to 
take leave. 

LEAVE, v. t. ; pret. and pp. left. [Sax. lafan.] 1. To with- 
draw or depart from ; to quit for a longer or shorter time 
indefinitely, or for perpetuity. 2. To forsake ; to desert ; 
to abandon ; to relinquish. 3. To suffer ; to remain ; not 
to take or remove. 4. To have remaining at death. 5. To 
commit or trust to, as a deposit ; or to suffer to remain. 
6. To bequeath ; to give by will. 7. To permit withou 
interposition. 8. To cease to do , to desist from ; to foi- 
bear. 9. To refer; to commit for decision. — To be left to 



Set Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, f, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



LEE 



589 



LEG 



vne"s self, to bo deserted or forsaken ; to be permitted to 
follow one's own opinions or desires.— To leave off. 1. To 
desist from ; to forbear ; to discontinue ; to stop. 2. To 
cease wearing, as clotbes. 3. To forsake. — To leave out, to 
omit. 

LEAVE, v. i. To cease ; to desist. — To leave off, to cease ; to 
desist ; to stop. 

f L7<;AVE, ». t. [Ft. lever.] To raise. — Spenser. 

LeAVE'-TaK-ING, n. Taking of leave ; parting compli- 
ments. — Shale. 

LEAVED, a. [from leaf; but leafed would be preferable.] 1. 
tarnished with foliage or leaves. 2. Having a leaf, or 
made with leaves or folds. 

f Le AVE'LESS, a. Destitute of leaves. 

LeAVEN (lev'n), n. [Fr. levain.] 1. A mass of sour dough, 
which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough or paste, 
produces fermentation m it, and renders it light. 2. Any 
thing which makes a general change in the mass. 

LEAVEN (lev'n), v. t. 1. To excite fermentation in; to 
raise and make light, as dough. 2. To taint ; to imbue. — 
Prior. 

LEAVENED (lev'vnd), pp, or a. Raised and made light by 
fermentation. 

LeAVEN-ING (lev'vn-ing), ppr. Making light by fermenta- 
tion. 

LeAVEN-ING (lev'vn-ing), n. That which leavens. 

LeAV'jEN-OUS (lev'vn-us), a. Containing leaven; tainted. 

LEAVER, n. One Avho leaves ; one who forsakes. 

leaves, ».,• pi. of leaf. 

LeAV'I-NESS, n. State of being full of leaves. 
LEAVING, ppr. Quitting; withdrawing from; relinquish- 
ing; suffering to remain ; ceasing; desisting from. 

LEAVINGS, n. pi. I. Things left ; remnant ; relics. 2. Re- 
fuse ; offal.— Swift. 

LeAVY, a. Full of leaves ; covered with leaves. — Shak. 
[An improper word ; it ought to be leafy.] 

i LECH, for lick. See Lick. 

LECH'ER, n. [It. lecco; G. lecken.] A man given to lewd- 
ness. 

LECH'ER, v. i. To practice lewdness ; to indulge lust. 

LECH ER-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to lewdness ; prone to in- 
dulge lust ; lustful ; lewd. 2. Provoking lust. 

LECH'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Lustfully ; lewdly. 

LECH'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Lust, or strong propensity to in- 
dulge the sexual appetite. 

LECH'ER.- Y, n. Lewdness ; free indulgence of lust ; prac- 
tice of indulging the animal appetite. — Shak. 

LECTION, n. [L. lectio.] 1. A reading. 2. A difference or 
variety in copies of a manuscript or book. 3. A lesson or 
portion of Scripture read in divine service. 

LECTION-A-RY, n. The Roman Catholic service-book, con- 
taining portions of Scripture. 

LECTOR, n. [L.] A reader ; one designated to read the 
Bible in the ancient churches. 

LECTURE, n. [Fr. lecture ; L. lectura..] 1. A discourse read 
or pronounced on any subject ; usually, a formal or me- 
thodical discourse, intended for instruction. 2. A read- 
ing; the act or practice of reading; [little used.] 3. A 
magisterial reprimand ; a formal reproof. 4. A rehearsal 
of a lesson. — Eng. Univ. 

LECTURE, v. i. 1. To read or deliver a formal discourse. 
2. To practice reading lectures for instruction. 

LECTURE, v. t. 1. To instruct by discourses. 2. To in- 
struct dogmatically or authoritatively ; to reprove. 

LECTURED, pp. Instructed by discourse ; reprimanded. 

LECTUR-ER, n. 1. One who reads or pronounces lec- 
tures ; a professor or an instructor who delivers formal 
discourses for the instruction of others. 2. A preacher in 
a church, hired by the parish to assist the rector, vicar, 
or curate. 

LECTURE-SHIP, n. The office of a lecturer. 

LECTUR-ING, ppr. Reading or delivering a discourse ; re- 
proving. 

LECTURN, n. A reading-desk in some churches. 

LED, pret. and pp. of lead. 

LED-CAP'TAIN, n. [led and captain.] An obsequious fol- 
lower or attendant. 

LED'-HORSE, n, A sumpter horse. 

f LED' .EN, n. [Sax. lyden.] Language ; true meaning. 

LEDGE, n. [Sax. leger.] 1. A stratum, layer, or row. 2. 
A ridge ; a prominent row ; as, a ledge of rocks. 3. A 
prominent part ; a regular part rising or projecting beyond 
the rest. 4. A small molding. 5. A small piece of timber 
placed athwart ships, under "the deck between the beams. 
6. A ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea. 

LEDG'ER, n. 1. The principal book of accounts among 
merchants ; the book into which the accounts of the jour- 
nal are carried in a summary form. — 2. Ledgers, in archi- 
tecture, pieces of timber used to support the platform of 
scaffolding. — Brande. 

LEDG'ER-LlNE. See Leger-Line. 

LEDgT, a. Abounding in ledges. 

LEE, n. ; pi. Lees. [Fr. lie.] Dregs ; sediment. See Lees. 



LEE, n. [Sw. la. ; Dan. he.] Literally, a cairn or sheltered 
place, a place defended from the wind; hence, flat pari 
of the hemisphere toward which the wind blows, as op- 
posed to that from which it proceeds. — Under the lee, de- 
notes, properly, in the part defended from the wind. — Un- 
der the lee of the land, is, properly, near the shore whicfl 
breaks the force of the wind.— Under the lee of a ship, on 
the side opposite to that on which the wind blows. 
t LEE, v. i. To he. — Chaucer. See Lie. 
LEE'-BOARD, n. A frame of plank affixed to the side ot a 
flat-bottomed vessel, to prevent it from falling to leeward 
when close-hauled. 
LEE'-GagE, n. A greater distance from the point whence. 

the wind blows, than another vessel has. 
LEE'-LURCH, n. A sudden and violent roll of a ship to 

leeward in a high sea. 
LEE-SH6RE, n. The shore under the lee of a ship, or that 
toward which the wind blows. 

LEE'-SIDE, n. The side of a ship or boat furthest from the 
point whence the wind blows ; opposed to the weather-side. 

LEE'-TlDE, n. A tide running in the same direction that 
the wind blows.— A tide under the lee, is a stream in an op- 
posite direction to the wind. 

LEE'WARD, a. Pertaining to the part toward which the 
wind blows ; as, a leeward ship. 

LEE'WARD, adv. Toward the Ice, or that part toward 
which the wind blows ; opposed to windward. 

LEE'WIY, n. The lateral movement of a ship to the lee- 
ward of her course, or the angle which the line of her 
way makes with her keel when she is close-hauled. 

LEECH, n. [Goth, leikeis ; Sax. lac] 1. A physician ; a 
professor of the art of healing ; as, cow-leech. — Spenser. 
[This word, in the United States, is nearly obsolete ; even 
cow-leech is not used.] 2. [Sax. Iceccan.] A blood-sucker ; 
a species of aquatic worm. — 3. In seamen's language, the 
border or edge of a sail, which is sloping or perpendicular , 
as, the fore-leech. 

t LEECH, v. t. To treat with medicine ; to heal. — Chaucer. 

t LEECH'-CRaFT, n. The art of healing.— Etemes. 

LEECH'-LlNE, n. Leech-lines are ropes fastened to the 
leech-ropes of the mainsail and foresail, used for hauling 
them up. 

LEECH'-RoPE, n. That part of the bolt-rope to which the 
skirt or border of a sail is sewed. — Mar. Diet. 

t LEEF, a. Kind ; fond ; pleasing ; willing. See Lief. 

LEEK,_n. [Sax. leac] A plant allied to the onion. 

LEE'LlTE, n. A variety of feldspar, so called from Dr. Lee. 

LEER, v. i. [D. gluuren, begluuren.] 1. To look obliquely ; 
to turn the eye and cast a look from a corner, either in 
contempt, defiance, or frowning, or for a sly look. 2. To 
look with a forced countenance. — Dryden. 

LEER, v. t. To allure with smiles. — Dryden. 

LEER, n. [Sax. hleare, hleor, the cheek.] 1. The cheek; 
[obs.] 2. Complexion ; hue ; face ; [obs.] 3. An oblique 
view. 4. An affected cast of countenance. 

t LEER, a. [Sax. gclar.] Empty ; trifling ; frivolous. 

LEERED, pp. Looked obliquely ; allured by smiles. 

LEERING, ppr. Looking obliquely ; casting a look askance 

LEER'ING-LY, adv. With an arch, oblique look or smile. 

LEES, n. pi. [Fr. lie.] The grosser parts of any liquor 
which have settled on the bottom of a vessel ; dregs ; sed- 
iment. 

t LEESE, v. t. To lose. [See Lose.] Ben Jonson. 

t LEESE, v. t. [L. tesus.] To hurt.— Wickliffe. 

LEET, a. The word in the north of England for light. 

LEET, n. In Great Britain, the court-leet was a court of rec- 
ord, held once a year, within a particular hundred, lord- 
ship, or manor, before the steward of the leet. 

LEET'-aLE, n. A feast or merry-malting in the time of 
leet. 

LEET'MAN, n. One subject to the jurisdiction of a leet 
court. — Bancroft. 

LEFT, pret. and pp. of leave. 

LEFT, a. [L. Iczvus.] 1. Denoting the part opposed to the 
right of the body. 2. The left bank of a river is that which 
is on the left hand of a person whose face is toward the 
mouth of the river. 

LEFT-HAND, n. The hand on the left side. 

LEFT-HAND'ED, a. 1. Having the left hand or arm more 
strong and dextrous than the right ; using the left hand 
and arm with more dexterity than the right. 2. Unlucky ; 
inauspicious ; unseasonable ; [obs.] — Left-handed marriage, 
or Morganatic marriage, among German princes, a mar- 
riage with a woman of inferior rank, in which it is stipu- 
lated that she and her children shall not enjoy the rank 
or inherit the possessions of her husband. — Brande. 

LEFT-HAND'ED-NESS, n. Habitual use of the left hand, 
or rather the ability to use the left hand with more ease 
and strength than the right. 

LEFT'-HAND'I-NESS, n. Awkwardness.— Chesterfield. 

LEG, n. [Dan. Iceg.] 1. The limb of an animal, used in sup- 
porting the body, and in walking and running ; properly, 
that part of the limb from the knee to the foot but in a 



D6VE ;— BULL UNTTF : _AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in *his. t Obsolete 



LEG 



590 



L.EM 



more general sense, the whole limb, including the thigh, the 
leg, and the foot. 2. The long or slender support of any- 
thing. — Legs of a triangle, the sides of a triangle ; a name 
seldom used unless one of the sides is first distinguished 
by some appropriate term, as hypotenuse. — To make a leg, 
to bow ; [little used.] — To stand on one's own legs, to sup- 
port one's self; to trust to one's own strength or efforts 
without aid. 

LEG'-BaIL, n. To give leg-bail, is to escape from custody 
and run away. — Walter Scott. 

LEG'A-CY, n. [Sp. legado.] A bequest ; a particular thing, 
or certain sum of money given by last will or testament 

LEG'A-CY-HUNTER, n. One who flatters and courts for 
legacies. 

LE'GAL, a. [Fr. ; L. legalis.] 1. According to law ; in con- 
formity with law, as measures. 2. Permitted by law, as 
commerce. 3. According to the law of work, as distin- 
guished from free grace ; or resting on works for salva- 
tion. 4. Pertaining to law ; created by law ; as, legal 
crimes. Foley. — Syn. Lawful ; constitutional ; legitimate ; 
licit ; authorized. 

LE'GAL FICTION. See Fiction. 

Le'GAL-IST, n. One who relies for salvation on works of 
law. 

LE-GAL'I-TY, n. 1. Lawfulness ; conformity to law.— 2. In 
theology, a reliance on works for salvation. — Scott. 

Le'GAL-iZE, v. t. 1. To make lawful ; to render conform- 
able to law ; to authorize. 2. To sanction ; to give the 
authority of law to that which is done without law or au- 
thority 1 

LE'GAL-lZ.ED, pp. or a. Made lawful. 

LE'GAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making lawful. 

Le'GAL-LY, adv. Lawfully ; according to law ; in a man- 
ner permitted by law. 

LEG A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. legataire ; L legatarius.] A legatee ; 
one to whom a legacy is bequeathed [Little used.] 

LEGATE, n. [Fr. legat ; L. legatus. \ 1. An embassador or 
envoy ; particularly, 2. The pope's embassador to a foreign 
prince or state ; a cardinal or bishop sent as the pope's 
representative or commissioner to a sovereign prince. 

LEG-A-TEE', n. [L. lego.] One to whom a legacy is be- 
queathed. — Swift. 

LEGATE-SHIP, n. The office of a legate. 

LEGA-TlNE, a. 1. Pertaining to a legate. 2. Made by or 
proceeding from a legate. — Ayliffe. 

LE-Ga'TION, n. [L. legatio.] An embassy ; a deputation ; 
properly, a sending, but generally, the person or persons 
sent as envoys or embassadors. 

LE-Ga'TO. [It.] In music, directs the notes to be performed 
in a close, smooth, gliding manner ; opposed to staccato. 

* LEG-A-TOR', n. [L.] A testator ; one who bequeaths a 
legacy. — Dry den. [Little used.] 

I LEGE (lej), v. t. To allege ; to lighten.— Chaucer. 

* Le'gEND or LEG'END, n. [It. leggenda ; L. legenda.] 1. 
A chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly read 
at matins, and at the refectories of religious houses. 2. 
An idle or ridiculous story told respecting saints. 3. Any 
memorial or relation. 4. An incredible, unauthentic nar- 
rative. 5. The motto or words placed round the field of a 
medal or coin. — Addison. 

Le'gEND, v. t. To tell or narrate, as a legend.— Hall. 

* LEG'END-A-RY, a. Consisting of legends ; fabulous ; 

strange. 

* LEg'END-A-RY, n. A book of legends ; a relater of leg- 

ends. — Sheldon. 

LEG'ER, n. [D. leggen ; Sax. lecgan.] Any thing that lies 
in a place ; that which rests or remains ; sometimes used 
as a noun, but more frequently as an adjective ; as, a leger 
embassador, that is, resident ; but the word is now obso- 
lete, except in particular phrases. — A leger-book, or leger, 
a book that lies in the counting-house, the book into which 
merchants carry a summary of the accounts of the jour- 
nal ; usually and. properly written ledger. 

LEG'ER-LlNE (led'jer-), n. A leger-line, in music, a line 
added to the staff of five lines, when more lines than five 
are wanted, for designating notes ascending or descending. 

LEG-ER-DE-MaIN', n. [Fr. leger, It. leggiero, and Fr. de 
main.] Sleight of hand ; a deceptive performance which 
depends on dexterity of hand ; a trick performed with 
such art and adroitness, that the manner or art eludes ob- 
servation. The word is sometimes used adjectively ; as, a 
legerdemain trick. 

f LE-gER'I-TY, n. [Fr. legerete.] Lightness ; nimbleness. 

\ LEGGE, v. t. [Sax. lecgan.] To lay.— Wickliffe. 

LEG'G.ED (legd or leg'ged), a. [from leg.] Having legs ; 
used in composition ; as, a two-legged animal. 

LEG'GIN, ) n. A cover for the leg like a long gaiter ; a 

LEGGING, j garment that incloses the leg. — Mackenzie. 
— Southey. 

LEd-T-BIL'I-TY, n. Legibleness ; the quality or state of be- 
ing legible. 

LEG'I-BLE, a. [L. legibilis.] 1. That may be read ; consist- 
ing of letters or figures that may be distinguished by the 



eye. 2. That may be discovered or understood by appar 
ent marks or indications. 

LEG'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being legible 

LEG'I-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be read. 

LE'GlON (le'jun), n. [L. legio.] 1. In Roman antiquity, a 
body of infantry consisting of different numbers of men at 
different periods, from three to five thousand. 2. A mili 
tary force ; military bands. 3. A great number. — Legion 
of honor, an order instituted in France, by Napoleon, as a 
reward for merit, both civil and military. — Brande. 

Le'gION-A-RY, a. 1. Relating to a legion or to legions. 2. 
Consisting of a legion or of legions. 3. Containing a grea 
number. 

Le'gION-A-RY, n. One of a legion. — Milton. 

Le'gION-RY, n. Body of legions.— Pollok. 

LEg'IS-LaTE, v. i. [L. lex, legis, and/ero, latum.] To make 
or enact a law or laws. 

LEg'IS-L A-TED, pret. and pp. of legislate. 

LEG'IS-La-TING, ppr. Enacting laws. 

LEg-IS-La'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of passing a law or 
laws ; the enacting of laws. — Littleton. 

* LEG'IS-LI-TlVE, a. [Fr. legislatif] 1. Giving or enact- 
ing laws. 2. Capable of enacting laws. 3. Pertaining to 
the enacting of laws ; suitable to laws. 4. Done by enact- 
ing ; as, a legislative act. [Note. In this word, and in leg- 
islator, legislatrix, legislature, the accent is nearly equal on 
the first and third syllables, and a, in the third, has its long 
sound.] 

* LEG'IS-L A-TOR, n. [L.] A lawgiver ; one who makes 

laws for a state or community. This word is limited in 
its use to a supreme lawgiver, the lawgiver of a sovereign 
state or kingdom, and is not applied to men who make the 
by-laws of a subordinate corporation, 
t LEG-IS-La'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a legislator. 

* LEG-IS-LA'TRESS, In. A female who makes laws.— 

* LEG-IS-La'TRIX, 5 Tooke. 

* LEG'IS-L I-TURE (led'jis-lat-yur), n . [gp. legislatura.] The 
body of men in a state or kingdom, invested with power 
to make and repeal laws ; the supreme power of a state. 

Le'GIST, n. One skilied in the laws. — Marston. 
LE-GITI-MA-CY, n. Literally, accordance with law. Hence, 

1. Lawfulness of birth, as distinguished from bastardy. 2. 
Genuineness or reality, as opposed to spuriousness. 3. 
Regular sequence or deduction; as, the legitimacy of a 
conclusion. 4. The accordance of an action or institution 
with established law ; as, the legitimacy of a measure or 
government. 

LE-6ITI-MATE, a. [Fr. legitime; L. legitimus.] Literally, 
accordant with law. Hence, 1. Lawfully begotten or born , 
born in wedlock. 2. Genuine ; real ; not false or spurious 
3. Following by regular or natural sequence ; as, a legiti 
mate result. 4. In accordance with established law. 

LE-gITI-MaTE, v. t. [Fr. legitimer.] 1. To make lawful. 

2. To render legitimate ; to communicate the rights of a 
legitimate child to one that is illegitimate ; to invest with 
the rights of a lawful heir. — Ayliffe. 

LE-gITI-Ma-TED, pp. Made lawful. 
LE-GIT'I-MATE-LY, adv. 1. Lawfully ; according to law 

2. Genuinely ; not falsely. — Dryden. 
LE-GlT'I-MATE-NESS, n. Legaliiy ; lawfulness genuine- 
ness. 
LE-gITI-Ma-TING, ppr. Rendering lawful. 
LE-GIT-I-Ma'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of rendering legiti 

mate, or of investing an illegitimate child with the rights 

of one born in wedlock. 2. Lawful birth. — Shak. 
LE-GIT'I-MIST, n. One who supports legitimate authority. 

— In France, an adherent of the old Bourbon family which 

was driven from the throne in 1830. 
LEG'LESS, a. Having no legs. 

LEG'UME, \ n. [L. legumen ; Fr. legume.] 1. In botany, a 
LE-Gu'MEN, 5 pericarp or seed vessel, of two valves, in 

which the seeds are fixed to one 6Uture only ; a pod.— 2. 

In the plural, pulse, peas, beans, &c. 
LE-Gu'MIN, n. A peculiar principle in the fleshy cotyledons 

of the seeds of papilionaceous plants ; vegetable casern. 
LE-Gu'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to pulse ; consisting c 

pulse. 
LEl-PATHT-MIC, a. [Gr. \airto and $vp.os.] Fainting ; 

tending to swooning. — J. Taylor. 

* LeISIJR-A-BLE, a. Vacant of employment; not occu- 

pied. 

* LeIS'UR-A-BLY, adv. At leisure ; without hurry. 

* LElS'tJRE (le'zhur orlezh'ur),??. [Fr. loisir.] 1. Freedom 
from occupation or business ; vacant time ; time free from 
employment. 2. Convenience of time ; [obs.] This word 
is sometimes used adjectively ; as, leisure time. 

* LeIS'URE-LY, a. Done at leisure ; not hasty ; dehber 

ate ; slow. 
*LeIS'URE-LY, adv. Not in haste or hurry; slowly; a 

leisure ; deliberately. 
t Le'MAN, n. A sweetheart ; a gallant ; or a mistress, 
t LeME, n. [Sax. leoma.] A ray of fight.— Chaucer. 
t LeME, v. i. To shine. 



of 



' See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO ^E. BOOK, 



LEN 



591 



LEP 



LEM'MA, 7i. [Gr. Xrjuna.] In mathematics, a proposition 
demonstrated for the purpose of being used in the demon- 
stration of some other proposition. — Day. 

LEM'MING, 1 n. A kind of gnawing mammals, very nearly 

LEM'ING, > allied to the mouse and rat. 

LEM'NI-AN EARTH, n. A soft mineral found in the isle of 
Lemnos ; also called tphragide. 

LEM-NIS'-CATE, n. [L. lemniscus.'] In geometry, the name 
of a curve in the form of the figure 8. — Barlow. 

LEM'ON, n. [ Fr. ; Sp. limon.] 1. The fruit of a tree belong- 
ing to the genus citrus. Its juice consists chiefly of the 
citric acid, and is particularly cooling and grateful. — 2. 
Lemon or lemon-tree, the tree that produces lemons. What 
is called salt of lemons, is really binoxalate of potash, or 
potash combined with oxalic acid. — Brande. 

LEM-ON-aDE'. n. [Fr. limonade.] A liquor consisting of 
lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened. 

Le'MUR, n. [L.] One of a genus of four-handed animals 
nearly alhed to apes. &c, but more like quadrupeds. 

LEM'U-ReS, n. pi. [L.J Hobgoblins ; evil spirits. [Not 
English.] 

LEND, v. t. ; pret. and pp. lent. [Sax. loenan.] 1. To grant 
to another for temporary use, on the express or implied 
condition that the thing shall be returned. 2. To grant a 
thing to be used, on the condition that its equivalent in 
kind shall be returned. 3. To afford ; to grant ; to fur- 
nish, in general, as aid. 4. To grant for temporary use, 
on condition of receiving a compensation at certain peri- 
ods for the use of the thing, and an ultimate return of the 
thing, or its full value ; to loan, as money. 5. To permit 
to use for another's benefit, as one's name on a note. 6. 
To let for hire or compensation. — Paley. 

LENDA-BLE, a. That may be lent.— Sherwood. 

LEND'ER n. 1. One who lends. 2. One who makes a 
trade of putting money to interest. — Dry den. 

LENDING, ppr. Granting for temporary use. -See Lend. 

LENDING, n. 1. The act of loaning. 2. That which is 
lent or furnished. — Shak. 

\ LENDS, ii.pl. [Sax.] Loins.— Wickliffe. 

LENGTH, n. [Sax. lengthe, from leng, long.] 1. The extent 
of any thing material from end to end ; the longest line 
which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides. 
2. Extent ; extension ; as, to he at one's length. 3. A cer- 
tain extent; a portion of space: with a plural; as, "large 
lengths of seas." — Shah. 4. Space of time ; duration, in- 
definitely. 5. Long duration ; as, length of days. 6. 
Reach or extent. 7. Extent ; as, the length of a discus- 
sion or speech. 8. Distance. Clarendon. — At length. 1. 
At or in the full extent. 2. At last ; at the end or conclu- 
sion. 

\ LENGTH, v. t. To extend ; to lengthen. 

LENGTHEN (length'n), v. t. 1. To extend in length ; to 
make longer ; to elongate. 2. To draw out or extend in 
time ; to protract ; to continue in duration. 3. To ex- 
tend. 4. To draw out in pronunciation. 

LENGTHEN, v. i. To grow longer ; to extend in length. 

LENGTHENED, pp. or a. Made longer ; drawn out in 
length ; continued in duration. 

LENGTH'jEN-ING, ppr. Making longer ; extending in 
length or in duration. 

LENGTH.EN-ING, n. Continuation ; protraction. 

LENGTH'FUL, a. Of great length in measure. 

LENGTH'I- LY, adv. In a lengthy manner ; at great length 
or extent. — Jefferson. 

LENGTH'I-NESS, n. Length ; the state of being lengthy. 

LENGTHWISE, adv. In the direction of the length ; in a 
longitudinal direction. 

LENGTHY, a. Being long or moderately long ; not short ; 
not brief ; applied mostly to moral subjects, as to discourses, 
writings, &c. ; as, a lengthy sermon. — London Quarterly 
Review.— Lord Byron. [This word, which was originally 
an Americanism, is now used to a considerable extent by 
English writers, and has been admitted into the recent 
dictionaries of Knowles, Smart, and Reid.] 

LE'NI-EN-CY, n. Lenity. 

Le'NI-ENT, a. [L. leniens.] 1. Softening; mitigating; as- 
Buasive. 2. Relaxing; emollient. 

Le'NI-ENT, n. That which softens or assuages ; an emol- 
lient. — Wiseman. 

Le'NI-ENT-LY, adv. In a lenient manner. 

LEN'I-FY, v. t. To assuage ; to soften ; to mitigate. 
[Rare.] 

f LEN'I-MENT, n. An assuasive. 

LEN'I-TIVE, a. [It. lenitivo ; Fr. lenitif.] Having the quali- 
ty of softening or mitigating, as pain or acrimony ; assua- 
sive ; emollient. 

LENI-TiVE, n. 1. A medicine or application that has the 
quality of easing pain ; that which softens or mitigates. 
2. A palliative ; that which abates passion. — South. 

LEN'I-TY, n. [L. lenitas.] Mildness of temper ; mildness of 
beatment.— Syn. Gentleness; kindness; tenderness; soft- 
ness ; humanity ; clemency ; mercy. 

LEN'NO€K, a. Slender ; pliable. [Local] 



LE-NOC'I-NANT, a. [L. lenocinans.l Given to lewdness.— 
More. 

LENS, n. ; pi. Lenses. [L. lens.] In jptics, a piece of glass 
or other transparent substance, bounded on both sides by 
polished, spherical surfaces, or on one side by a spherical 
and on the other by a plane surface. Rays of light pass- 
ing through it are made to change their direction, and to 
magnify or diminish objects at a certain distance. — Lens 
is sometimes used for double-convex lens, i. e., a lens with 
both its surfaces convex. — Brande. 

t LENT, a. Slow ; mild ; as, lenter heats. — Ben Jonsvr.. 

LENT, pret. and pp. of lend. 

LENT, n. [Sax. lenctcn.] The quadragesimal fast, or fast 
of forty days, observed by the Roman Catholic and other 
churches before Easter, the festival of our Savior's res- 
urrection. It begins at Ash-Wednesday, and continues 
till Easter. 

LENT, \ [It] In music, directs to a gradual retard- 

LEN TAN'D O. j ing of time. 

LENT'JSN, a. Pertaining to lent : used in lent ; sparing. 

LEN-TIC'U-LAR, a. [L. lenticular is.] 1. Resembling a len 
til. 2. Having the form of a double-convex lens ; lenti- 
form. 

LEN-TIG'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of a lens ; with 
a curve. 

LEN'TI-FORM, a. [L. lens and forma.] Of the form of a 
double-convex lens. 

LEN-TIG'I-NOUS, a. [L. lentigo.] Freckly ; scurfy; fur- 
furaceous. 

LEN-Tl'GO, n. [L.] A freckly eruption on the skin. 

LEN'TIL, n. [Fr. lentille.] A plant resembling the bean, 
but much inferior, which is cultivated chiefly as food for 
animals. 

LEN'TISK, ? n. [Fr. lentisque ; L. lentiscus.] A tree of 

LEN-TIS'€US, ) the genus pistacia, the mastich-tree. 

f LENT'I-TUDE, n. [L. lentus.] Slowness. 

LENT'NER, n. A kind of hawk.— Walton. 

LEN 'TO, LEN- TE-MEN'TE. [It] In music, signifies slow 
smooth, and gliding. 

LEN'TOR, n. [L.] 1. Tenacity ; viscousness. 2. Slowness; 
delay ; sluggishness. 3. Siziness ; thickness of fluids ; vis- 
cidity ; [a term used in the humoral pathology.] 

LENTOUS, a. [L. lentus.] "Viscid ; viscous ; tenacious. 
Brown. 

L' ENVOY' (lan-vwa'), n. [Fr.] A term from old French 
poetry, signifying a few detached verses at the end of each 
piece, which convey the moral, or address the poem to 
some person. — Toone. 

LEN'ZIN-lTE, n. [from Lenzius.] A variety of clay. 

Le'O, n. [L.l The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac. 

Le'OD, n. [Saxon.] People ; a nation. 

LS'OF, n. Leof denotes love ; so leofwin, a winner of lovts 
leofstan, best-beloved. — Gibson. 

LeO-NiNE, a. [L. leoninus.] Belonging to a lion; resem 
bling a lion, or partaking of his qualities. — Leonine verses 
so named from Leo, the inventor, are those the end oi 
which rhymes with the middle ; as, Gloria factotum temere 
conceditur horum. 

Le'O-NiNE-LY, adv. In the manner of a lion. 

LEOP'ARD (lep'ard), n. [L. leo and pardus.] A rapacious 
quadruped, of the genus felis, or cat group. Its fur is 
yellow, with at least ten ranges of small black clusters of 
spots on each flank. 

LSOFARD'S-BiNE, n. The popular name of several 
plants of the genus arnica and doronicum. 

Le'PAS, n. [Gr. Xeiras.] The Linnaean name for the cirri- 
peda, comprising barnacles, &c. 

LEP'ER, n. [L. lepra; Fr. lepre.] A person affected with 
leprosy. 

LEP'ID, a. [L. lepidus.] Pleasant ; jocose. [Little used.] 

LEP-I-DO-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. Xettls, AerrtJo? and SevSpov.] 
A fossil tree, named from the scaly appearance of the 
stem, produced by the separation of the leaf-stalks. 

LEP'ID-OID, n. [Gr. Xems and eiSoS-] A term applied to a 
family of extinct fossil fishes, belonging to the oolitic form- 
ation. — Brande. 

LEP'I-DO-LlTE, n. [Gr. XemS and Xidog.] A species of the 
mica family, presenting a lilac or rose-violet color. It con- 
tains lithia. 

LEP-I-DOP'TER, n., \ [Gr. Aeiri? and Trrepov.] The lepi- 

LEP-I-DOP'TE-RA, n.pl. $ doptera are an order of insects 
including butterflies and moths. They have four wings, 
covered with minute scales, which appear like powder. 

LEP-I-DOP'TER-AL, \ a. Belonging to the order of lepi- 

LEP-I-DOP'TER-OUS, 5 doptera. 

* LEP'O-RlNE or LEP'O-RlNE, a. [L. leporinus.] Pertain- 
ing to a hare ; having the nature or qualities of the hare. 

LE-PROS'I-TY, 7i. Squamousness. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

LEP'RO-SY, n. A foul cutaneous disease, appearing in dry, 
white, thin, scurfy scabs, attended with violent itching. 

LEP'ROUS, a. [Fr. lepreux.] Infected with leprosy ; cov- 
ered with white scales. 

LEP'PiOUS-LY, adv. In a leprous manner. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



LET 



592 



LEV 



LEP'ROUS-NESS, n. State of being leprous.— Sherwood. 

LEP-TO-DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. Xenros and SuktvXos.] A bird or 
other animal having slender toes. — Hitchcock. 

LEP-TOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. Asrroj and Xoyog.] A minute and 
tedious discourse on trifling things. 

(■LeRE, n. Learning; lesson; lore. — Spenser. 

f LeRE, v. t. To learn ; to teach.— Chaucer. 

LeRE, a. Empty. See Leer, 

LER'NE-ANS, n. pi. A family of parasitic animals related 
to the inferior grades of Crustacea. They are found at- 
tached to fishes. 

Le'SION (le'zhun), n. [L. lasio.] A hurting ; hurt ; wound ; 
injury. — Rush. 

f LESS, for unless. 

LESS, a terminating syllable of many nouns, and some ad- 
jectives, is the Sax. leas, Goth, laus, belonging to the verb 
lysan, lausyan, to loose, free, separate. Hence it is a priv- 
ative word, denoting destitution ; as, a witless man, a man 
destitute of wit ; childless, without children ; fatherless ; 
faithless ; pennyless ; lawless, &c. 

LESS, a. [Sax. las. Less has the sense of the comparative 
degree of little.] Smaller ; not so large or great. 

LESS, adv. Not so much ; in a smaller or lower degree. 

LESS, n. 1. Not so much. 2. An inferior. 

\ LESS, v. t. To make less.— Gower. 

LES-SEE', n. The person to whom a lease is given. 

LESS'ISN (les'n), v. t. [from less.] 1. To make less in bulk, 
size, quantity, number, or amount ; to make smaller. 2. 
To make less in degree, state, or quality. 3. To bring 
down in dignity. — Syn. To diminish ; reduce ; abate ; de- 
crease ; lower ; impair ; weaken ; degrade. 

LESS'JSN (les'n), v. i. 1. To become less in bulk, quantity, 
number, or amount ; to be diminished. 2. To become less 
in degree, quality, or intensity. — Syn. To diminish ; de- 
crease ; abate ; subside ; shrink ; contract. 

LESS' EN ED, pp. Made smaller; diminished. 

LESS'iSN-ING, ppr. Reducing in bulk, amount, or degree ; 
degrading. 

LESS'ER, a. [Sax. Icessa, Icessc. This word is a corruption, 
but too well established to be discarded.] Less ; smaller. 
Authors always write the Lesser Asia. 

LES'SES, n. pi. [Fr. laissees.] The leavings or dung of 
beasts. 

LES'SON (les'n), n. [Fr. lecon ; L. lectio.] 1. Any thing 
read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner, for im- 
provement ; or such a portion of a book as a pupil learns 
and repeats at one time. 2. A portion of Scripture read 
in divine service. 3. A portion of a book or manuscript 
assigned by a preceptor to a pupil, to be learned, or for an 
exercise ; something to be learned. 4. Precept ; doctrine 
or notion inculcated. 5. Severe lecture ; reproof; rebuke. 
6. Tune written for an instrument. 7. Instruction or 
truth, taught by experience. 

LES'SON (les'n), v. t. To teach; to instruct. — L' Estrange. 

LES'SONBD, pp. Taught; instructed. 

LES'SON-ING, ppr. Teaching. 

LES'SOR, n. [from lease.] One who leases ; the person 
who lets to farm, or gives a lease. — Blackstone. 

* LEST, conj. [Sax. leas.] That not ; for fear that. 

LET, v. t. ; pret. and pp. Letted is obsolete. [Sax. latan, 
letan ; Goth, letan.] 1. To permit; to allow; to suffer; 
to give leave or power by a positive act, or, negatively, to 
withhold restraint ; not to prevent ; without the sign to 
before the infinitive. 2. To lease ; to grant possession and 
use for a compensation. 3. To suffer ; to permit ; with 
the usual sign of the infinitive ; [obs.] — 4. In the imperative 
mood, let has the following uses. Followed by the first 
and third persons, it expresses desire or wish. Followed 
by the first person plural, it expresses exhortation or en- 
treaty. Followed by the third person, it implies permis- 
sion or command addressed to an inferior. 5. To retard ; 
to hinder ; to impede ; to interpose obstructions ; [obs.] — 
Thess., ii. Dryden. — To let alone, to leave ; to suffer to 
remain without intermeddling. — To let down, to permit to 
sink or fall ; to lower. — To let loose, to free from restraint ; 
to permit to wander at large. — To let in or into. 1. To 
permit or suffer to enter ; to admit. 2. To insert, as a 
piece of wood, into a space formed for the purpose. — To 
let blood, to open a vein and suffer the blood to flow out. 
-To let out, to suffer to escape, as an animal ; to extend 
or^loosen, as a rope or the folds of a garment ; also, to 
lease or let to hire. — To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as 
an arrow; or cause to explode, as a gun. — To let fly, to 
send forth or discharge with violence, as an arrow or stone. 

t LET, v. i. To forbear.— Bacon. 

LET, n. A retarding ; hinderance ; obstacle ; impediment ; 
delay. 

LET, [Sax. lyt.] A termination of diminutives ; as, hamlet, 
a little house ; rivulet, a small stream. 

LETCH, n. 1. A leach-tub. [See Leach.] 2. A long, nar- 
row swamp, in which water moves slowly. — Brockett. 

LETHAL, a. [L. lethalis.] Deadly ; mortal ; fatal. 

LE-THAL'I-TY, n. Mortality.— Akins. 



LE-THaR'61-G, ) a. [L. lethargicus.] Perternaturally 

LE-THaR'gU€-AL, 5 inclined to sleep; drowsy: dull. 

LE-THaR'6I€-AL-LY, adv. In a morbid sleepiness. 

LE-THaR'<M€-AL-NESS, \n. Preternatural or morbid 

LE-THaR'gI€-NESS, 5 sleepiness. 

LETH'AR-GLED, pp. or a. Laid asleep ; entranced. — Shak 

LETHAR-6Y, n. [L. lethargia.] 1. Preternatural sleepi 
ness ; morbid drowsiness ; continued or profound sleep 
from which a person can scarcely be awaked. 2. Dull 
ness ; inaction ; inattention. 

LETH'AR-GY, v. t. To make lethargic or dull.— Churchill. 

Le'THE, n. [Gr. A^.] 1. In Greek mythology, one of the 
rivers of the infernal regions, whose waters were said to 
cause forgetfulness of the past. Hence, 2. Oblivion ; a 
draught of oblivion. — Shak. 

LE-THe'AN, a. Inducing forgetfulness or oblivion. Shaks- 
peare has letheed in this sense. 

LE-THIF'ER-QUS, a. [L. lethum and fero.] Deadly; mor- 
tal ; bringing death or destruction. 

LETTER, n. 1. One who permits. 2. One who retards or 
hinders. 3. One who gives vent; as, a blood-letter. 

LETTER, n. [Fr. Icttre; It. lettera; L. litera.] 1. A mark 
or character, written, printed, engraved, or painted ; used 
as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of 
the human organs of speech. 2. A written or printed 
message ; an epistle. 3. The verbal expression ; the lit- 
eral meaning. 4. Type ; a character formed of metal or 
wood, usually of metal, and used in printing books. — 5. 
Letters, in the plural, learning ; erudition. — Dead letter, a 
writing or precept which is without authority or force. — 
Letter of attorney, a writing by which one person author- 
izes another to act in his stead. — Letter of credit, a letter 
authorizing credit to a certain amount of money to be 
given to the bearer. — Letter of license, a paper by which 
creditors allow an unfortunate debtor time to pay his 
debts. — Letter of marque, a commission given to private 
ships, by a government, to make reprisals on the ships of 
another state ; hence, the ship thus commissioned. * [See 
Marque.] — Letters patent, or overt, open, a writing executed 
and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to 
a person to do some act, or enjoy some right. 

LETTER, v.t. To impress or form letters on. 

LETTER-BOARD, n- A board on which 'pages of type are 
placed when not immediately wanted for distribution. 

LETTER-€aSE, n. A case or book to put letters in. 

LETTER-FOUND'ER, n. One who casts letters ; a type- 
founder. 

LETTER-PRESS, n. Print ; letters and words impressed 
on paper or other material by types. 

LETTER-WRITER, n. 1. One who writes letters. 2. An 
instrument for copying letters, often called the manifold 
letter-writer. 

LETTERED, pp. Stamped with letters. 

LETTERED, a. 1. Literate; educated; versed in litera- 
ture or science. 2. Belonging to learning ; suiting letters, 

LET'TER-ING, ppr. Impressing or forming letters on. 

LET'TER-ING, n. 1. The act of impressing letters. 2. The 
letters impressed. 

LETTER-LESS, a. Illiterate ; unlettered ; not learned. 

LETTING, n. 1. The putting out on lease, as a farm. 2. 
The putting out of portions of work to be performed by 
contract, as on a rail-road or canal ; [America.] 

LETTING, ppr. Permitting; suffering. 

LETTUCE (let'tis), n. [Fr. laitue.] The popular name of 
several species of lactuca, a cooling vegetable, much used 
as a salad. 

LEu'CIN, > n. [Gr. \tvicoS.] A peculiar white pulverulent 

LEu'CJNE, I substance, produced by acting on musculat 
fibrejwith sulphuric acid. 

LEu'ClTE, n. [Gr. XsvkoS-] A mineral having a dull, glassy 
appearance, occurring in translucent crystals of twenty 
four sides. It is found in the volcanic rocks of Italy, 
especially at Vesuvius. — Dana. 

LEU-CIT'IC, a. A term applied to volcanic rocks contain- 
ing leucite. — Dana. 

LEu'CO-E-THI-OP'IC, a. [Gr. XsvKog and aiOio^.] White 
and black ; designating a white animal of a black species, 
or the albino of the negro race. 

LEu'CO-PHANE, n. [Gr. XevKoi and <paivu.] A mineral, oc- 
curring imperfectly crystallized, of a greenish or wine-yel- 
low color, consisting of silica, fluoric acid, glucina, lime, 
and sodium. — Dana. 

LEu-€0-PHLEG'MA-CY, n. [Gr. Xewcos and <f>\eyixa.] A 
dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasar- 
ca ; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats. 

LEu-€0-PHLEG-MATI€, a. Having a dropsical habit of 
body, with a white, bloated skin. 

LEU-COSTINE, n. A variety of trachyte. 

LEU-€o'THI-OP, n. [See Leuco-ethiopic] An albino of a 
black race. 

Le'VANT, a. [Fr. levant.] Eastern ; denoting the part of 
the hemisphere where the sun rises. 

LE-VANT, n. [It. levante.] Properly, a country to the east 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—fL, E. 1, &c, short —FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



LEV 



.93 



L1A 



wara ; but, appropriately, the eastern coasts of the Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

LE-VANT'ER, n. 1. A strong easterly wind in the Mediter- 
ranean. 2. A cant term for one who bets at a horse-race, 
and runs away without paying the wager lost ; hence, in 
a wider sense, one who runs away disgracefully ; [England.] 

LE-VANT'INE or LEVANT-lNE, a. 1. Pertaining to the 
Levant. 2. Designating a particular kind of silk cloth. 

LE-VANT'lNE or LEVANT-lNE, n. A particular kind of 
silk cloth. 

LE- Va'TOR, n. [L.] 1. In anatomy, a muscle that serves 
to raise some part, as the lip or the eyelid. 2. A surgical 
instrument, used to raise a depressed part of the skulL 
LeVE, for believe. — Gower. 

LEVEE, 72. [Fr.] 1. The time of rising. 2. The concourse 
of persons who visit a prince or great personage in the 
morning. 3. A bank or causeway, particularly along a 
river to prevent inundation. Levee en masse ; see Levy. 

LEVEL, a. [Sax. Imfel.] 1. Horizontal ; coinciding with 
the plane oi the horizon. 2. Even ; flat ; not having one 
part higher than another; not ascending or descending. 
3. Even with any thing else of the same height ; on the 
same line or plane. 4. Eqi.al in rank or degree ; having 
no degree of superiority. 

LEVEL, v. t. 1. To make horizontal. 2. To make even ; 
to reduce or remove inequalities of surface in any thing. 
3. To reduce or bring to the same height with something 
else. 4. To lay flat ; to reduce to an even surface or 
plain. 5. To reduce to equality of condition, state, or de- 
gree. 6. To point, in taking aim ; to elevate or depress, 
so as to direct a missile weapon to an object ; to aim, as a 
gun. 7. To aim ; to direct, as a remark. 8. To suit ; to 
adapt ; to bring down. 

LEVEL, v. i. l.~To accord ; to agree ; to suit ; [little used.] 

2. To aim at ; to point a gun or an arrow to the mark. 

3. To aim. at: to direct the view or purpose. 4. To be 
aimed ; to be in the same direction with the mark. 5. To 
aim ; to make attempts. 6. To conjecture ; to attempt to 
guess; [obs.) 

LEVEL, n. 1. A horizontal line, or a plane ; a surface 
without inequalities. 2. Rate ; standard ; usual elevation ; 
customary height ; as, the level of society. 3. Equal ele- 
vation with something else ; a state of equality. 4. The 
line of direction in which a missile weapon is aimed. 5. 
An instrument, in mechanics, by which to find or draw a 
horizontal line, as in setting buildings, or in making canals 
and drains. 5. Rule ; plan ; scheme ; borrowed from the 
mechanic's level. 

LEVELED, pp. or a. 1. Reduced to a plane ; made even. 
2. Reduced to an equal state, condition, or rank. 3. Re- 
duced to an equality with something else. 4. Elevated or 
depressed to a right line toward something; pointed to 
an object. 5. Suited ; brought down ; adapted. 

LEVEL-ER, 72. 1. One who levels or makes even. 2. One 
who destroys or attempts to destroy distinctions, and re- 
duce to equality. 

LEVEL-ING, ppr. or a. 1. Making level or even. 2. Re- 
ducing to an equality of condition. 

LEVEL-ING, 7i. 1. The reduction of uneven surfaces to a 
level or plane. — 2. In surveying; the art or practice of find- 
ing a horizontal line, or of ascertaining the different ele- 
vations of objects on the surface of the earth. 

LEVEL-NESS, n. 1. Evenness ; equality of surface. 2. 
Equality with something else. 

LEVEN. See Leavex. 

I LEVEN, 72. [Sax. hlifian.] Lightning. — Chaucer. 

* LEVER, 72. [Fr. levier ; It. leva.] In mechanics, a bar of 

metal, wood, or other substance, turning on a support 
called the fulcrum or prop. 

\ Le'VER, a. The comparative degree of leve, leef, or lief. 
More agreeable ; more pleasing. 

\ Le'VER adv. Rather ; as we now say, I had rather. — 
Chaucer. 

LEVER- A6E, n. Mechanical advantage gained on the prin- 
ciple of the lever. — Olmsted. 

LEVER-ET, 72. [Fr. lievret.) A hare in her first year. 

LEVER-0€K, n. A bird ; a lark. See Lark. 

• LEVET. 72. [qu. Fr. lever.] A blast of a trumpet; proba- 

bly that by which soldiers are called in the morning. 

LEVI-A-BLE, a. That may be levied ; that may be assessed 
and collected. — Bacon. 

LE-Vl'A-THAN, 72. [Heb. ]!-"£.] ]. An aquatic animal, de- 
scribed in Job, ch. xli. It is not agreed what animal is in- 
tended, whether the crocodile, the whale, or a species of 
serpent. 2. The whale, or a great whale. — Milton. 

LEVIED (leVid), #p. Raised ; collected. 

LEVI-GaTE. v. t. [L. l<zvigo.] 1. In pharmacy and cliemis- 
tnj, to rub or grind to a fine, impalpable powder ; to make 
fine. soft, and smooth. 2. To plane ; to polish. 

LEVI-GATE, a Made smooth. 

LEVI-Ga-TED, pp. Reduced to a fine, impalpable powder. 

LE VI-Ga-TING, ppr. Rendering very fine, soft, and smooth, 
by grinding or rubbing. 



LEV-I-Ga'TION, 72. Tne act or operation of grinding oi 
rubbing a solid substance to a fine impalpable powder. 

t LEVIN, 72. Lightning. — Spenser. See Le vex. 

LE-VI'RATE, a. [L. ln-ir, a husband's brother.] The lent- 
rate law, among the Jews, was one according to which a 
woman, whose husband died without issue, was to be mar- 
ried to her husband's brother. — Deut., xxv.. 5. 

LEV-I-Ta'TION,72. [L.levis.levitas.] Lightness; buoyancy, 
act of making light. 

LE'VITE, 72. [from Levi.] One of the tribe or family ot 
Levi ; an officer in the Jewish Church, who was employed 
in manual service, singing, &c. 

LE-VITTG-AL, a. 1. Belonging to the Levites. or descend- 
ants of Levi. 2. Priestly.— Milton. 

LE-VIT1G-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Levites. 

LE-VITIG-US, n. A canonical book of the Old Testament, 
containing the laws and regulations which relate to the 
priests and Levites. 

LEVI-TY, n. [L. levitas.] 1. Lightness; the want of weight 
in a body, compared with another that is heavier. 2. Light- 
ness of temper or conduct, as of youth. 3. Want of due 
consideration ; vanity ; freak. 4. Gayety of mind ; want 
of seriousness ; disposition to trine. — "Syn. Volatility ; 
flightiness ; giddiness ; fickleness ; inconstancy ; changea- 
bleness ; unsteadiness ; instability. 

LEVY, v. t. [Fr. lever.] 1. To raise ; to collect, as an army. 
2. To raise ; to collect by assessment, as taxes. — To levy 
war, is to raise or begin war ; to take arms for attack ; to 
attack. — To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit 
for assuring the title to lands or tenements. 

LEVY, 72. 1. The act of collecting men for military or 
other public sen-ice, as by enlistment, enrollment, or other 
means. 2. Troops collected ; an army raised. 3. The 
act of collecting money for public use by tax or other im- 
position. 4. War raised ; [obs.] — Levy in mass, [Fr. levee 
en masse,] a requisition of all liable to bear arms for serv- 
ice. In Germany, it is styled landsturm. 

LEVY-ING, ppr. Raising ; collecting ; as men or money. 

LEV'YNE, 7i. [from LevyJ] A mineral, supposed to be iden- 
tical with chabazite. — Dana. 

t LEW, a. [Dan. laauw.] Tepid ; lukewarm ; pale ; wan. 

LEWD (lude), a. [W. llodig.] 1. Given to the unlawful indul- 
gence of lust ; addicted to fornication or adultery. 2. Pro- 
ceeding from unlawful lust. 3. Wicked ; vile.— A els, xvii. 
5. — Syn. Lustful ; libidinous ; licentious ; profligate : disso 
lute ; sensual ; unchaste ; impure ; lascivious f lecherous 

t LEWD, a. [Sax. lawed.] Lay; not clerical. — Dames. 

LEWDLY, adv. 1. With the unlawful indulgence of lust ,. 
lustfully. 2. Wickedly ; wantonly. 

LEWDNESS, 72. 1. The unlawful indulgence of lust; for- 
nication, or adultery. — 2. In Scripture, it generally denotes; 
idolatry. 3. Shamelessness ; immodesty. Spenser. — Syn 
Lasciviousness ; impurity; unchastity; debauchery; lecb> 
ery': licentiousness ; sensuality ; profligacy. 

LEWD'STER, 72. One given to the criminal indulgence or 
lust ; a lecher. — Shah. 

LEX. [L.] Law; as, lex talionis, the law of retaliation -.. 
lex terra, the law of the land ; lex scripta. written law. 

LEX1--6AL, a. Pertaining to a lexicon or to lexicology : set- 
tled by lexicology ; as, the lexical meaning of a word 
Lewis. 

LEX-I-GOGRA-PHER, n. The author of a lexicon or dic- 
tionary. 

LEX-I-€0-GRAPHl€, \ a. Pertaining to the writing or 

LEX-I-€0-GRAPH'I€-AL. 5 compilation of a dictionary. 

LEX-LGOGTIA-PHY, 72. [Gr. Mllnov and ypn^.] 1. The- 
act of writing a lexicon or dictionary, or the art of com- 
posing dictionaries. 2. The composition or compilation' 
of a dictionary. 

LEX-I-€OL'0-GY, 72. [Gr. hliKov and \oyos.] The science 
of words ; that branch of learning which treats of tho 
proper signification and just application of words. 

LEX'I-€ON, «. [Gr. Antral-.] A dictionary; a vocabulary 
or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the* 
words in a language, with the definition of each. 

LEX'I-€ON-IST, 7i. A writer of a lexicon. [Little used.] 

LEX-I-GRAPH/I-G, a. Representing by distinct signs or 
characters. 

LEX-IG'RAPH-Y, n. [Gr. \eliS and ypa(pu>.] The art or 
practice of defining words. 

LeY, a different orthography of lay and lea, a meadow. 

LE?. See Lye. 

LEy'D-EN-JaR, I 72. A glass jar or bottle, used to accu- 

LEyD-EN-PHi'AL, 5 mulate electricity. It is coated with 
tin foil, within and without, nearly to its top, and is sur- 
mounted by a brass knob, for the purpose of charging it 
It was invented in Leyden, Holland. 

LeZE MAJ'ES-TY. [L. crimen lacstz majestatis.] An offenso 
against sovereign authority ; rebellion. 

LHER'ZO-LITE, 72. A mineral, a variety of augite. 

Ll'A-BLE, a. [Fr. Her.] 1. Bound; obliged in law or o^ui- 
ty ; responsible ; answerable ; accountable, as for debt 
2. Subject ; obnoxious ; exposed, as to mistake. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 1 Obsolete 
Pp 



LIB 



594 



LIC 



UFA BLE-NESS, ) n. 1. The state of being bound or 
LT-A-BIL'I-TY, ) obliged in law or justice ; responsibil- 
ity. 2. Exposedness; tendency; a state of being subject. 
LY'AI-SON (le'a-zong), n. [Fr.] A union or bond of union. 
Ll'AR, n. 1. A person who knowingly utters falsehood; 
one who declares to another as a fact what he knows to 
be not true, and with an intention to deceive him. 2. One 
who denies Christ. — 1 John, ii. 
f Ll'ARD, a. Gray. — Chaucer. [This word is still used in 
Scotland, with the spelling Hart, or lyart ; as, lyart haffets, 
gray hairs over the temples. — Burns.] 
LIAS, n. An argillaceous limestone. It is used in the lith- 
ographic art. — lire. 
\ LIB ± v. t. [D. lubben.] To castrate. — Chapman. 
LI-Ba'TION, n. [L. libatio.] 1. The act of pouring a liquor, 
usually wine, either on the ground or on a victim in sac- 
rifice, in honor of some deity. 2. The wine or other 
liquor poured out in honor of a deity. 
LIB'BARD. an obsolete spelling of leopard. — Milton. 
LIB'BARD'S-BaNE, n. A poisonous plant. — Ben Jonson. 
1,1'BEL, n. [L. libellus.] 1. A defamatory writing, L. libel- 
lus famosus. Any book, pamphlet, writing, or picture 
containing representations, maliciously made or published, 
tending to bring a person into contempt, or expose him 
to public hatred and derision. — 2. In the civil law. and in 
courts of admiralty, a declaration or charge in writing, ex- 
hibited in court, particularly against a ship or goods, for 
_violating the laws of trade or ot revenue. 
Ll'BEL, v. t. 1. To defame or expose to public hatred and 
contempt by a writing or picture ; to lampoon. 2. To 
exhibit a charge against any thing in court, particularly 
against a ship or goods, for a violation of the laws of trade 
or revenue. 

Ll'BEL, v. i. To spread defamation, written or printed. 
1,1'BEL-ANT, n. One who libels ; one who brings a libel or 

mstitutes a suit in an admiralty court. 
Ll'BEL-ED, pp. 1. Defamed by a writing or picture made 
public. 2. Charged or declared against in an admiralty 
court. 
LlUEL-ER, n. One who libels or defames by writing or 

_pictures ; a lampooner. 
Ll'BEL-ING, ppr. 1. Defaming by a published writing or 

jncture. 2. Exhibiting charges against in court. 
Ll'BEL-OUS, a. Defamatory ; containing that which ex- 
poses a person to public hatred, contempt, and ridicule. 
Ll'BER, n. [L.] In botany, the inner, newly-formed bark 

of a plant. 
LIB'ER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. liberalis.] 1. Of a free heart ; free 
to give or bestow ; not close or contracted ; munificent ; 
bounteous ; beneficent ; bountiful ; generous ; giving 
largely. It expresses less than profuse or extravagant. 2. 
Generous ; ample ; large. 3. Not selfish, narrow, or con- 
tracted ; catholic ; enlarged ; embracing other interests 
than one's own. 4. General ; extensive ; embracing liter- 
ature and the sciences generally; as, liberal studies. 5. 
Free ; open ; candid ; frank. 6. Large ; profuse. 7. 
Free ; not literal or strict. 8. Not mean ; not low in 
birth or mind. 9. Licentious ; free to excess. Shaft. — 
Liberal arts, as distinguished from mechanical arts, are 
such as depend more on the exertion of the mind than on 
the labor of the hands. 
LIB'ER-AL, 7i. One who advocates greater freedom from 

restraint, especially in political institutions. — Brande. 
LIB'ER-AL-HEARTED. a. Having a generous heart 
LIB'ER-AL-MlND'ED, a. Having a liberal mind. 
LIB'ER-AL-SoULjED. a. Having a generous soul. 
LIB'ER-AL-ISM, n. The principles of liberals. 
LIB'ER-AL-IST, n. One who favors the principles of liberals. 
LIB-ER-AL'I-TY, n. [L. liberalitas.] 1. Munificence ; bounty ; 
generosity ; beneficence. 2. A particular act of generos- 
ity ; a donation ; a gratuity. 3. Largeness of mind ; Cathol- 
icism. 4. Candor; impartiality. 
LIB'ER-AL-lZE, v. t. To render liberal or catholic ; to en- 
large ; to free from narrow views or prejudices. 
LIB'ER-AL-lZJED, pp. Freed from narrow views ana preju- 
dices ; made liberal. 
LIB'ER-AL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering liberal ; divesting of 

narrow views and prejudices. 
LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Bountifully ; freely ; largely ; with 
munificence. 2. With enlarged views ; without selfish- 
ness or meanness. 3. Freely ; not strictly ; not literally. 
LIB'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. libero.] 1. To free ; to deliver ; to 
release from restraint or bondage ; to set at liberty. 2. 
To manumit. 
LIB'ER-a-TED, pp. or a. Freed ; released from confine- 
ment, restraint, or slavery ; manumitted. 
LIB'ER-a-TING, ppr. Delivering from restraint or slavery. 
LIB-ER-A'TION, n. [L. liberaiio.] The act of delivering 

from restraint, confinement, or slavery. 
LIB'ER-a-TOR n. One who liberates or delivers. 
LIB-ER-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. liber.] Pertaining to liberty, or 
to the doctrine of free-will, as opposed to the doctrine of 
necessity. 



LIB-ER-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who holds to free-will. 
LIB-ER-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The principles or doctrines o! 

libertarians. 
LIB'ER-TI-ClDE, n. [liberty, and Lat. c<zdo.] 1. Destruction 
of liberty ; but used as an adjective ; as, " liberticide views." 
— Jefferson. 2. A destroyer of liberty. — Wade. 
LIB'ER-TTN-AGE, n. Libertinism, which is most used. 

LIB'ER-TlNE, n. [L. libertinus.] 1. Among the Romans, & 
freedman ; a person manumitted or set free from legal 
servitude. 2. One unconfined ; one free from restraint. — 
Shak. 3. A man who lives without restraint of the animal 
passion ; one who indulges his lust without restraint ; one 
who leads a dissolute, licentious life ; a rake ; a debauchee 

LIB'ER-TlNE, a. Licentious ; dissolute ; not under the re 
straint of law or religion ; as, libertine principles. 

LIB'ER-TIN-ISM, n. 1. State of a freedman ; [little used.) 
2. Licentiousness of opinion and practice ; an unrestrain- 
ed indulgence oflust ; debauchery; lewdness. 

LIB'ER-TY, n. [L. libertas.] 1. Freedom ixom. restraint, in a 
general sense, and applicable to the body, or to the will or 
mind. — 2. Natural liberty consists in the power of acting 
as one thinks fit, without any restraint or control, except 
from the laws of nature. — 3. Civil liberty is the liberty of 
men in a state of society, or natural liberty, so far only 
abridged and restrained as is necessary and expedient for 
the safety and interest of the society, state, or nation. — 4. 
Political liberty is sometimes used as synonymous with 
civil liberty ; but it more properly designates the liberty of 
a nation, the freedom of*a nation or state from all unjust 
abridgment of" its rights and independence by another 
nation. — 5. Religious liberty is the free right of adopting 
and enjoying opinions on religious subjects, and of wor- 
shiping the Supreme Being according to the dictates of 
conscience, without external control. — 6. Liberty, in meta- 
physics, as opposed to necessity, is the power of an agent 
to do or forbear any particular action, according to the 
determination or thought of the mind, by which either is 
preferred to the other. — Locke. 7. Privilege ; exemption ; 
immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant: with a 
plural. 8. Leave ; license ; permission granted. 9. A 
space in which one is permitted to pass without restraint, 
and beyond which he may not lawfully pass : with a plu- 
ral. 10. Freedom of action or speech beyond the ordinary 
bounds of civility or decorum. — To take the liberty to do or 
say any thing, to use freedom not specially granted. — To 
set at liberty, to deliver from confinement ; to release from 
restraint. — To be at liberty, to be free from restraint. — Lib- 
erty of the press is freedom from any restriction on the 
power to publish books. 

LI-BETH'EN-lTE, n. A mineral first found at Libethen, in 
Hungary, having an olive-green color, and consisting of 
phosphoric acid, oxyd of copper, and water. — Dana. 

LI-BID'IN-IST, n. One given to lewdness. — Junius. 

LI-BID'IN-OUS, a. [L. libidinosus.] Having an eager appe- 
tite for venereal pleasure. — Syn. Lewd; lustful; lascivi- 
ous ; unchaste ; impure ; sensual ; licentious ; lecherous. 

LI-BHyiN-OUS-LY, a. Lustfully; with lewd desire. 

LI-BID'IN-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being lust- 
ful ; inordinate appetite for venereal pleasure. 

Ll'BRA, n. [L.] The Balance ; the seventh sign in the zo- 
diac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox, in 
_September. 

Ll'BRAL, a. [L libralis.] Of a pound weight. — Diet. 

Ll-BRI'RI-AN, n. [L. librarius.] 1. The keeper, or one 
who has the care of a library or collection of books. 2 
One who transcribes or copies books ; [obs.] 

Li-BRa'RI-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a librarian. 

Ll'BRA-RY, n. [L. librarium.] 1. A collection of books be 
longing to a private person, or to a public institution or a 
company. 2. An edifice or an apartment for holding a 
collection of books. 

Li'BRaTE, v. t. [L. libro.] To poise ; to balance ; to hold 
jn equipoise. 

Li'BRaTE, v. i. To move, as a balance ; to be poised. 

Li'BRa-TED, pp. Poised; balanced. 

Li'BRa-TING, ppr. Moving, as a balance ; poising. 

Li-BRa'TION, n. 1. The act of balancing, or state of being 
balanced ; a state of equipoise, with equal weights on both 
sides of a center. — 2. In astronomy, a term applied to 
changes in the disk of the moon, by which certain parts 
near the border of the disk alternately appear and disap 
pear. 3. A balancing or equipoise between extremes. 

Ll'BRA-TO-RY, a. Balancing ; moving like a balance, as it 
jends to an equipoise or level. 

LlCE, n. ; pi. of louse. 

LiCE'-BaNE, n. A plant. 

Li'CENS-A-BLE, a. That may be permitted by a legal grant 

Ll'CENSE, n. [Fr. ; L. licentia.] 1. Leave; permission; 
authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act. 2. A 
certificate giving permission or authority ; as, a marriage 
license. 3. Excess of liberty ; exorbitant freedom ; free 
dom abused, or used in contempt of law or decorum. 

Ll'CENSE, v. t. 1. To permit by grant of authority ; to re- 



.* &* Synopsis. A E. I. &c.. long —I, e, f, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— McWE, BOOK 



LIE 



595 



LIF 



move legal restraint by a grant of permission. 2. To au- 
thorize to act in a particular character. 3. To dismiss ; 
[obs.] 
LFCENS.ED (li'senst), pp. or a. Permitted by authority. 
Ll'CENS-ER, n. One who grants permission ; a person 

authorized to grant permission to others. 
Ll'CENS-ING, ppr. Permitting by authority. 
Ll'CENS-ING, n. The act of giving a license. 
Ll'CENS-URE, n, A licensing. 

* Ll-CEN'TIATE, n. [L. liceniia.} 1. One who has a license 
to exercise a profession, as in medicine or theology. — 2. 
m Spain, one who has a degree. 
LI-CEN'TIaTE, v. t. To give license or permission. 
Ll-CEN-TI-A'TION, n. The act of permitting.— Freeman. 
Ll-CEN'TIOUS (ll-sen'shus), a. [L. licentiosus.] 1. Using 
license ; indulging freedom to excess ; not restrained by 
law or morality; [applied to persons.] 2. Exceeding the 
limits of law or propriety, as acts. — Syn. Unrestrained ; 
uncurbed ; uncontrolled ; unruly ; riotous ; ungovernable ; 
wanton ; profligate ; dissolute ; lax ; loose ; sensual ; im- 
pure ; unchaste ; lascivious ; immoral. 
Ll-CENTIOUS-LY, adv. With excess of liberty ; in con- 
tempt of law and morality. 
LI-CEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. Excessive indulgence of liberty ; 
contempt of the just restraints of law, morality, and de- 
corum. 
\ LI-GH (lik), a. [Sax. lie. See Like.] Like ; even ; equaL 

— Gower. 
LICH, n. [Sax. lie or lice.] A body or corpse ; hence, lich- 
wake, watching with the dead ; Lichfield, the field of dead 
bodies. 
LICH'-OWL, n. An owl vulgarly supposed to foretell 

death. 
M'CHEN (lrken or litch'en), n. [L.] 1. In botany, the name 
for an coaensive division of cryptogamous plants, which 
appear ki the form of thin, flat crusts, covering rocks and 
the bavk of trees. — 2. In surgery, a species of impetigo, ap- 
pearing in the form of a red, dry, rough, and somewhat 
pruri^at spot, that gives off small furfuraceous scales. 
Ll-CHCN'IG ACTD, n. The acid peculiar to some species 

of b* aliens. It appears to be the malic acid. — Brande. 
LICR/EN-IN, n. A substance closely allied to starch, ex- 
tracted from Iceland moss. — Brande. 
LI€E-EN-0-GRAPH'I€, ? a Pertaining to lichenogra- 
LIGH-EN-O-GRAPH'IG-AL, 5 phy. 

LIGH-EN-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who describes the lichens. 
LIGH-EN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. \eixnv and ypatpu.] A de- 
scription of the vegetables called lichens; the science which 
illustrates the natural history of the lichens. 
LICIT, a. [L. licitus.] Lawful ; legal ; legitimate. 
LICTT-LY, adv. Lawfully. 
LIC'IT-NESS, n. Lawfulness. 

LI€K, v. t, [Sax. liccian; D. likken.] 1. To pass or draw 

the tongue over the surface. 2. To lap ; to take in by the 

tongue. — To lick up, to devour; to consume entirely. — To 

lick the dust, to be slain ; to perish in battle. 

LI€K, n. In America, a place where beasts of the forest lick 

for salt, at salt-springs. 
LI€K, n. [W. llac.] 1. A blow; a stroke.— Dryden.— Rich. 
Diet. ; [vulgar.] 2. A wash ; something rubbed oil ; [obs.] 
LI€K, v. t. To strike repeatedly for punishment ; to flog ; 

to chastise with blows. — Rich. Diet. [Low.] 
UGK'-SPIT-TLE, n. A flatterer or parasite of the most ab- 
ject character; a term derived from the practice of cer- 
tain ancient parasites who licked up the spittle of their 
master. — Holloway. [Low.] 
LICKED (likt), pp. Taken in by the tongue ; lapped. 
LICK'ER, n. One who licks. 

LICK'ER-ISH, a. [D.; Dan. lekker ; G. lecker.] 1. Nice in the 
choice of food; dainty. — L' 'Estrange. 2. Eager; greedy 
to swallow ; eager to taste or enjoy ; having a keen relish. 
— Locke. 3. Dainty ; tempting the appetite. — Milton. 
LI€K'ER-ISH-LY, adv. Daintily. 

LICK'ER-ISH-NESS, n. Niceness of palate ; daintiness. 
LICKING, ppr. Lapping ; taking in by the tongue. 
LICKING, n. 1. A lapping with the tongue. 2. A flogging 

or castigation. — Rich. Diet. ; [low.] 
LIC'O-RI CE, n. [It. liquirizia.] 1. A medicinal plant, whose 
roots have a sweet taste. 2. The extract from the licorice 
root, much used as a demulcent. 

IlIG'O-ROUS-NESS, } for lickerish > &c 

LIC'TOR, n. [L.] An officer among the Romans, who bore 
an ax and faces or rods, as ensigns of his office. 

LID, n. [Sax. Mid.] 1. A cover ; that which shuts the open- 
ing of a vessel or box. 2. The cover of the eye, or eye-lid. 

LID'LESS, a. Having no lid. 
LIE, water impregnated with alkaline salt, is written lye, 
to distinguish it from lie, a falsehood. 

LIE, n. [Sax. lig, or lyge.] 1. A false statement, uttered for 
the purpose of deception ; an intentional violation of 
truth. 2. A fabrication or fable. — Dryden. 3. False doc- 
trine. 4. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false god. 5. 



That which deceives and disappoints confidence. — Togivt 
the lie, to charge with falsehood. — Syn. Falsehood ; un- 
truth ; fiction ; deception. 
LIE, v. i. [Sax. ligan, leogan.] 1. To utter falsehood with 
an intention to deceive, or with an immoral design. 2. 
To exhibit a false representation ; to say or do that which 
deceives another, when he has a right to know the truth, 
_or when morality requires a just representation. 
LlE, v. i. ; pret. lay ; pp. lain, [lien, obs.] [Sax. ligan, or 
licgan ; Goth, ligan.] 1. To be in a horizontal position, 
or nearly so, and to rest on any tiling lengthwise, and not 
on the end. 2. To rest in an inclining posture ; to lean. 
3. To rest ; to press on. 4. To be repesited in the grave. 
5. To rest on a bed or couch ; to be prostrate. 6. To be 
situated, as a place. 7. To be ; to rest ; to abide ; to re- 
main ; often followed by some word denoting a particular 
condition ; as, to lie loose. 8. To consist ; as, the differ- 
ence lies in tins. 9. To be sustainable in law ; to be ca- 
pable of being maintained ; as, an action lies against one. 

To lie at, to tease or importune ; [little used.] — To lie at the 
heart, to be fixed as an object of affection or anxious de- 
sire. — To lie by. 1. To be reposited, or remaining with. 
2. To rest ; to intermit labor. — To lie in the way, to be an 
obstacle or impediment. — To lie hard or heavy, to press ; 
to oppress ; to burden. — To lie on hand, to be or remain 
in possession; to remain unsold or undisposed of. — To lie 
on the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed ; to 
be tedious. — To lie on the head, to be imputed. Shak. — 
To lie in wait, to wait for in concealment ; to lie in am- 
bush; to watch for an opportunity to attack or seize. — 
To lie in one, to bs in the power of; to belong to. — To lie 
doicn, to lay the body on the ground, or other level place ; 
also, to go to rest. — To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring 
forth young. — To lie under, to be subject to ; to suffer ; to 
be oppressed by. — To lie on or upon, to be a matter of ob- 
ligation or duty. — To lie with. 1. To lodge or sleep with, 
also, to have carnal knowledge of. 2. To belong to. — To 
lie over, to remain unpaid, after the time when payment 
is due, as a note; also, to be deferred to some future oc- 
casion, as a resolution in Congress. — To lie to. A ship is 
said to lie to when her progress is checked either by coun- 
terbracing the yards or taking in sail. 

LIE^-FRAUGHT (-frawt), a. Fraught with lies.— Lamb. 

ILIeF, a. [Sax. leof; D. lief.] Dear; beloved. 

LIeF, adv. Gladly ; willingly ; freely ; used in familiar 
speech, in the phrase, I had as lief go as not. 

LIegE, a. [It. ligio ; Fr. lige.] 1. Bound by a feudal ten- 
ure ; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a 
vassal to his lord ; subject ; faithful ; as, a liege man. 2. 
Sovereign ; as, a liege lord. 

LIEGE, n. 1. A vassal holding a fee by which he is bound 
to perform certain services and duties to his lord. 2. A 
lord or superior ; a sovereign. 

f LlEGE'-MAN, n. A vassal; a subject. — Shak. 

LlEG'EPt, n. A resident embassador. — Denham. 

tLI'EN. The obsolete participle of lie. See Lais. 
Ll'EN (le'en or lien. Jameson gives le'en, Knowles ana 
Smart, H'en). [In England, commonly pronounced li'en.] 
n. A legal claim ; the right by which the possessor ot 
property holds it against the owner in satisfaction of a 
demand. 

LI-EN-TER'IG, a. Pertaining to a lien tery.— Grew. 

Ll'EN-TER-Y, n. [Fr. lienterie.) A lax or diarrhea, in which 
aliments are discharged undigested. 

Li'ER, n. One who lies down ; one who rests or remains. 

LIEU (lu), 7i. [Fr.] Place ; room ; stead. It is used only 
with in. 

* LIEfi-TEN'AN-CY (lu-ten'an-sy or lef-ten'an-sy), n. 1. Tho 

office or commission of a lieutenant. 2. The body of lieu- 
tenants. 

* LIEu-TEN'ANT (lu-ten'ant or lef-ton'ant), n. [Fr] 1. An 

officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence. 
—2. In military affairs, the second commissioned officer 
in a company of infantry, cavalry, or artillery.— In shifts 
of war, the officer next in rank to the captain. 

* LIEu-TEN' ANT-SHIP. See Lieutenancy. 
LIeVE, for lief, is vulgar. See Lief. 
LIeV'RITE, n. A mineral, called also yenite. 

LIFE, n. ; pi. Lives. [Sax. lifi lyf; Sw. lifi] 1. In a go 
eral sense, that state of animals and plants, or of an organ- 
ized being, in which its natural functions and motions arc 
or may be performed.— 2. In animals, animation ; vitality . 
and in man, that state of being in which the soul and body 
are united.— 3. In plants, the state in which they grow or 
are capable of growth, by means of the circulation of the 
sap. 4. The present state of existence ; the time from 
birth to death. 5. Manner of living ; conduct ; deport- 
ment in regard to morals ; as, an honest life. 6. Condi- 
tion ; course of living, in regard to happiness and misery. 
7. Blood, the supposed vehicle of animation. — Pope. 8. 
Animals in general ; animal being. " 9. System of animal 
nature. 10. Spirit ; animation ; briskness ; vivacity ; res 
olution. 11. The living form ; real person or state ; ii 



D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, W'CIOUS.— € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



L1F 



596 



L1G 



opposition to a copy. 12. Exact resemblace : with to ; as, 
a character drawn to the life. 13. General state of man, 
or of social manners. 14. Condition ; rank in society. 15. 
Common occurrences ; course of things ; human affairs ; 
as, daily life. 16. A person ; a living being ; usually, or 
always, a human being. 17. Narrative of a past life ; his- 
tory of the events of hfe ; biographical narration. — 18. In 
Scripture, nourishment ; support of life. 19. The stomach 
or appetite. 20. The enjoyments or blessings of the pres- 
ent hfe. 21. Supreme felicity. 22. Eternal happiness in 
neaven. — Rom., v. 23. Restoration to life. — Rom., v. 24. 
The Author and Giver of supreme felicity. 25. A quick- 
ening, animating, and strengthening principle ; [in a moral 
sense.] — 26. Life of an execution, the term for which it has 



legal operation. 
aFE'- '"' 



C'-AN-Nu'I-TY, n. A sum of money paid yearly during 
a person'sjife. — Brande. 

^iFE'-AS-SuR'ANCE (-shur'ans), n. See Life-insurance. 

L'fFE'-BL60D (-bind), n. 1. The blood necessary to hfe ; 
vital blood. — Dryden. 2. That which constitutes or gives 
strength and energy. 

urJFE'-BLoOD, a. Necessary as blood to life ; essential. 

A FE'-BoAT, n. A boat constructed for preserving lives in 
cases of shipwreck, or other destruction of a ship or 
steamer. 

LlFE'-BUoY. See Buoy. 

LlFE'-CON-SuMTNG, a. Wasting hfe. 

LlFE'-DE-VoTED-NESS, n. The devotedness of life.— 
Carlisle. 

LlFE'-END-ING, a. Putting an end to life. 

LlFE'-GIV-ING, a. Giving hfe or spirit ; having power to 
jave life ; inspiriting ; invigorating.— Milton. 

LiFE'-GUaRD, n. A guard of the hfe or person ; a guard 
Jnat attends the person of a prince, or other person. 

LiFE'-ES-TaTE', n. An estate that continues during the 
life of the possessor. 

LiFE'-EV-ER-LaSTTNG, n. A plant of the cudweed kind. 

LlFE'-IN-SuRANCE (-shur-), n. A contract for the payment 
of a certain sum of money on a person's death. — Brande. 

LlFE'-IN'TER-EST, n. An interest or estate which lasts 
during one's hfe. 

LIFE'-LONG, n. Duration of hfe. 

LIFE'-MAIN-TaINTNG, > „ Q .. ,. f . 

LIFE'-SUS-TIINTNG, r Supporting life. 

LlFE'-PRE-SERV'ER, n. An apparatus, particularly an air- 
tight belt, for preserving the lives of persons in cases of 
shipwreck, or other destruction i -f a ship or steamer. 

LIFE'-PRE-SERV'ING, a. Presei ving hfe. 

LlFE'-RENT, n. The rent of an estate that continues for life. 

LlFE'-STRING, n. A nerve or string that is imagined to be 
essential to life. 

LlFE'-WE A-RY, a. Tired of life ; weary of living. 

LlFE'LESS, a. 1. Deprived of life, as a corpse. 2. Desti- 
tute of hfe, as a statue. 3. Destitute of power, force, vig- 
or, or spirit, as a discourse. 4. Void of spirit, as liquor. 
5. In a state of torpidity. 6. Wanting physical energy. — 
Syn. Dead ; soulless ; inanimate ; torpid ; inert ; inactive ; 
dull ; heavy ; unanimated ; spiritless ; frigid ; pointless ; 
vapid; fiat; tasteless. 

LlFE'LESS-LY, adv. Without vigor ; dully ; frigidly ; heav- 
ily. 

LlFE'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of hfe, vigor, and spirit ; 
inactivity. 

LIFE'LlKE, a. Like a living person. — Pope. 

LlFE'SPRING, n. The spring or source of life.— Everett. 

LIFETIME, n. The time that life continues ; duration of 
life. — Addison. 

LIFT, v. t. [Sw. lufta; Dan. lofter.] 1. To raise, in a phys- 
ical sense, or from a lower to a higher position.— 2. Fig- 
uratively, to raise, intellectually or spiritually. 3. To raise 
in fortune. 4. To raise in estimation, dignity, or rank. 5. 
To raise in spirit; to cause to swell, as with pride. 6. To 
bear; to support. — Spenser. 7. To steal, that is, to take 
and carry away ; [obs.]— 8. In Scripture, to crucify. 
To lift up the eyes. 1. To look ; to fix the eyes on. 2. To 
direct the desires to God in prayer. Ps. cxxi. — To lift up 
the head. 1. To raise from a low condition; to exalt. — 
Gen., xl. 2. To rejoice. Luke, xxi. — To lift up the hand. 
1. To swear, or to confirm by oath. — Gen., xiv. 2. To 
raise the hands in prayer. — Ps. xxviii. 3. To rise in op- 
position to ; to rebel ; to assault. — 2 Sam., xviii. 4. To in- 
jure or oppress. — Job, xxxi. 5. To shake off sloth and en- 
gage in duty. Heb., xii.— To lift up the face, to look to 
with confidence, cheerfulness, and comfort. Job, xxii. — 
To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence and 
contempt.— To lift up the horn, to behave arrogantly or 
scornfully. Ps. lxxv.— To lift up the feet, to come speedi- 
ly to one's relief. Ps. lxxiv.— To lift up the voice, to cry 
aloud ; to call out, either m grief or joy. Gen., xxi.— Syn. 
To elevate; exalt; elate; erect; hoist; heave. 
LIFT, v. i. 1. To try to raise ; to exert the strength for the 
purpose of raising or bearing. 2. To practice theft ; [obs.] 
UFT, n. 1. The act of raising; a lifting. 2. Assistance in 



lifting, and hence assistance in general ; as, to give one a 
lift; [popular use.] 3. That which is to be raised.— 4. A 
dead lift, a lift at the utmost disadvantage, as of a dead 
body. Hence, 5. An extreme emergency ; something 
which tasks all one's powers, or exceeds them ; as, to 
help one at a dead lift. — Grose. 6. A rise ; a degree of el- 
evation. — 7. [Sax. lyft; Sw. luft.] In Scottish, the sky, 
the atmosphere ; the firmament.— 8. In seamen's language, 
a rope descending from the cap and mast-head to the ex 
tremity of a yard. 

LIFT-LOCK, n. A name sometimes given to a canal-lock, 
because it lifts or raises a boat from one level to another. 

LIFTED, pp. or a. Raised ; elevated ; swelled with pride. 

LIFTER, n. 1. One who lifts or raises. 2. A thief. 

LIFTING, ppr. Raising ; swelling with pride. 

LIFTING, n. The act of lifting ; assistance. 

t LIG, v. i. To he. — Chaucer. See Lie. 

LIG'A-MENT, n. [L. ligamentum.] 1. Any thing that ties 
or unites one thing or part to another. — 2. In anatomy, a 
strong, compact substance, serving to bind one bone to 
another. 3. Bond ; chain ; that which binds or restrains. 

LIG-A-MENTAL, \ a. Composing a ligament ; of the na- 

LIG-A-MENTOUS, j ture of a ligament ; binding. 

Ll'GAN, n. In law, ligan is where goods are sunk in the 
sea, but tied to a cork or buoy. — Blackstona. See Flot 
_sam and Jetsam. 

Li-Ga'TION, n. [L. Ugatio.] The act of binding, or state of 
being bound. — Addison. 

LIGA-TURE, n. [Fr. ; L. ligatura.] 1. Any thing that binds ; 
a band or bandage. 2. The act of binding. — Arbuthnot. 3. 
Impotence induced by magic. Coxe. — 4. In music, a band 
or hne connecting notes. — 5. Among printers, a double 
character, or a type consisting of two letters or characters 
united, as fl, fi, in English. 6. The state of being bound.— 
7. In medicine, stiffness of a joint. — 8. In surgery, a cord or 
string for tying the blood-vessels, particularly the arteries, 
to prevent hemorrhage. 

LIGHT (lite), n. [Sax. leoht, liht ; D., G. licht.] 1. The 
agent which produces vision. The theory of emanations 
supposes light to be a material fluid of extreme subtihty, 
emanating in particles from a luminous body; the the- 
ory of undulations supposes it to be produced by the un- 
dulations of an independent medium, set in motion by the 
luminous body. 2. That flood of luminous rays which 
flows from the sun, and constitutes day. 3. Day ; the 
dawn of day. 4. Life. 5. Any thing that gives light, as a 
lamp, candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c.— 6. In painting, 
the manner in which the light stiikes upon a picture ; also, 
the illuminated part of a picture ; opposed to shade. 7. Il- 
lumination of mind ; instruction ; knowledge. 8. Means 
of knowing. 9. Open view ; a visible state. 10. Pubhc 
view or notice. 11. Explanation ; illustration ; means of 
understanding. 12. Point of view ; situation to be seeD 
or viewed. 13. A window ; a place that admits light to 
enter. 14. A pane of glass. — 15. In Scripture, God, the 
Source of knowledge. 16. Christ. — John, i. 17. Joy ; 
comfort ; felicity. 18. Saving knowledge. 19. Prosper- 
ity ; happiness. 20. Support ; comfort ; deliverance. — 
Mic, vii. 21. The Gospel. — Matt., iv. 22. The understand- 
ing or judgment. — Matt., vi. 23. The gifts and graces of 
Christians. — Matt., v. 24. A moral instructor, as John the 
Baptist. — John, v. 25. A true Christian ; a person enlight- 
ened. — Eph., v. 26. A good king, the guide of his people. 
Sam., xxi. — The light of the countenance, favor ; smiles. — 
Ps. iv. — To stand in one's own light, to be the means of 
preventing good, or frustrating one's own purposes.— Ta 
come to light, to be detected ; to be discovered or found. 

LIGHT Qlte), a. 1. Bright ; clear ; not dark or obscure.— 

2. In colors, white or whitish. 

LIGHT (lite), a. [Sax. liht, leoht; D. ligt; G. leicht; Fr. 
leger.] 1. Having little weight ; not tending to the center 
of gravity with force ; not heavy. 2. Not burdensome ; 
easy to be lifted, borne, or carried by physical strength. 

3. Not oppressive ; easy to be suffered or endured. 4. 
Easy to be performed ; not difficult ; not requiring great 
strength or exertion. 5. Easy to be digested ; not op • 
pressive to the stomach. 6. Not heavily armed, or armed 
with light weapons. 7. Active ; swift ; nimble. 8 Not 
encumbered ; unembarrassed ; clear of impediments. 9. 
Not laden ; not deeply laden ; not sufficiently ballasted. 
10. Slight; trifling; not important. 11. Not dense; not 
gross, as fumes. 12. Small ; inconsiderable ; not copious 
or vehement, as a fall of rain. 13. Not strong ; not vio- 
lent ; moderate, as a breeze. 14. Easy to admit influence ; 
inconsiderate ; easily influenced by trifling considerations ; 
unsteady; unsettled; volatile. 15. Gay; airy; indulging 
levity ; wanting dignity or solidity ; trifling. 16. Wanton ; 
unchaste ; as, a woman of light carriage. 17. Not of le- 
gal weight ; clipped ; diminished, as coin. 18. Loose ; 
sandy; easily pulverized; as, a light soil.— To set light 
by, to undervalue ; to slight ; to treat as of no importance ; 
to despise. — To make light of, to treat as of litte conse- 
quence ; to slight ; to disregard. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— L, E, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



LIG 



597 



LIK 



LIGHT (lite), v. t. 1. To set fire to. 2. To give light to. 3, 
To fill or spread over with light 4. To lighten ; to ease 
3*" a burden ; [obs.] — Syn. To kindle ; ignite ; fire ; in- 
flame ; illuminate ; illumine ; enlighten. 
LiGHT (lite), v. i. [Sax. lihtan, alihtan, gelihtan.] 1. To 
fall on ; to come to by chance ; to happen to find : wi 
on. 2. To fall on ; to strike. 3. To descend or alight, ' 
from a horse or carriage. 4. To settle ; to rest ; to stoop 
from flight, as a bird. 
LIGHT, adv. Lightly ; cheaply.— Hooker. 
LiGHT-aRMED, a. Armed with light weapons. 
LiGHT-BEaR-ER, n. A torch-bearer.— Ben Jonson. 
LiGHT'-BRaIN, n. An empty-headed person. — Martin. 
LlGHT-FlN"GERED (Hte'-fing'gerd), a. Dextrous in taking 

_and conveying away ; thievish ; addicted to petty thefts. 
LlGHT-FOOT, \ a. Nimble in running or dancing ; 
LlGHT-FOOT-ED, j active. [Little used.] 
LiGHT-HeAD-ED (llte'-hed-ed), a. 1. Thoughtless ; heed- 
less ; weak ; volatile ; unsteady. 2. Disordered in the 
head ; dizzy ; delirious. 
LiGHT-HeAD-ED-NESS, n. Disorder of the head ; dizzi- 
ness ; deliriousness. 
LIGHT-HEaRT-ED (Kte'-hart-ed), a. Free from grief or 

anxiety ; gay ; cheerful ; merry. 
LiGHT'-HEaRT-ED-LY, adv. With a light heart. 
LlGHT-HEXRT-ED-NESS, n. The state of being free from 

care or grief ; cheerfulness. 
LIGHT-HEELED, a. Lively in walking or running ; brisk. 
LlGHT-HORSE, n. Light-armed cavalry. 
LlGHT'-HOUSE, n. A pharos ; a tower or building with 
a light or number of lamps on the top, intended to direct 
seamen in navigating ships at night. 
LlGHT'-IN'FANT-RY, n. A term applied to bodies of act- 
ive and strong men carefully selected for rapid evolu- 
tions. Their object is to cover and assist other troops. — 
Campbell's Mil. Diet. 
LiGHT-LEGGED, a. Nimble ; swift of foot— Sidney. 
LlGHT'-MlND-ED, a. Unsettled ; unsteady ; volatile ; not 

considerate. 
LlGHT-ROOM, n. A small apartment having double glass 
windows, which give light to the powder-magazine of a ship. 
LlGHT'-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having a light or cheerful spirit. 
LIGHTED (lifed), pp. or a. Kindled ; set on fire ; caused 

to burn. [Lit for lighted is inelegant except in poetry.] 
LIGHTEN (hfn), v. i. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To flash ; to burst 
forth or dart, as lightning ; to shine with an instantaneous 
illumination. 2. To shine like lightning. 3. To fall; to 
ligit ; [obs.] 
LIGHTEN (lltn), v. t. 1. To dissipate darkness ; to fill 
with light ; to spread over with lijfct ; to illuminate ; to 
enlighten. 2. To illumjn^g with knowledge. 3. To free 
from trouble and fill with joy. 
LIGHTEN (Hfn), v. t. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To make lighter ; 
to reduce in weight ; to make less heavy. 2. To alleviate ; 
to make less burdensome or afflictive. 3. To cheer ; to 
exhilarate. — Shak. 
LIGHTENED, pp. Made lighter ; filled with light ; flashed, 

jis lightning. 
LlGHTEN-lNG (lite'n-ing), ppr. Reducing in weight ; illu- 

jninating ; flashing, as lightning. 
LIGHTER (lifer), ». I. One who lights. 2. A large, open, 

_flat-bottomed boat used in loading and unloading ships. 
LiGHTER-AgE, n. The price paid for unloading ships 
by lighters or boats ; also, the act of thus unloading into 
lighters. 
LlGHTER-MAN (lifer-man), n. A man who manages a 

lighter ; a boatman. 
LIGHTING Oifing), ppr. Kindling; setting fire to. 
LlGHTLESS (Hteles), a. Destitute of light; dark. 
LIGHTLY CHtely), adv. 1. With little weight 2. Without 
deep impression. 3. Easily ; readily ; without difficulty ; 
of course. 4. Without reason, or for reasons of little 
weight. 5. Without dejection ; cheerfully. 6. Not chaste- 
ly ; wantonly. — Swift. 7. Nimbly ; with agility ; not heav- 
ily or tardily. 8. Gayly ; airily ; with levity ; without 
heed or care. 
LIGHTNESS (lite'nes), n. 1. Want of weight or oppress- 
iveness, as of air or animal spirits. 2. The quality of 
mind which disposes it to be influenced by trifling consid- 
erations. 3. Wantonness ; lewdness ; unchastity. — Shak. 
4. Power of lively motion ; as, lightness of heels. — 5. In 
the fine arts, a quality indicating freedom from weight or 
clumsiness. Brande. — Syn. Levity; volatility; instability; 
inconstancy ; unsteadiness ; giddiness ; flightiness ; airi- 
ness ; gayety ; liveliness ; agility ; nimbleness ; sprightli- 
ness ; briskness ; swiftness ; ease ; facility. 
LIGHTNING Cbte'ning), n. 1. A discharge of atmospheric 
electricity, accompanied by a vivid flash of light. — Thun- 
der is the sound produced by the electricity in passing 
rapidly through the air. 2. Abatement ; alleviation ; mit- 
igation.— Spectator. 
LIGHTNING-BUG, n. A species of fire-fly, common in the 
northern states of America. 



made of wood , 
[L. lignum and fcro.] Yielding or 



LIGHTNING-GLaNCE, n. 1. A flash of lightning, i!. a 

glance or flash of the eye, like lightning. 
LIGHTNING-ROD, n. A metallic rod to protect buildings 

or v vessels from iightning. 
" TS (lites), n. pi. The lungs ; the organs of breathing 

in brute animals. 

IGHTS6ME (llte'sum), a. 1. Luminous; not dark; not 

_obscure. 2. Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating. — Hooker. 
LlGHTSoME-NESS, n. 1. Luminousness ; the quality of 

being light. 2. Cheerfulness ; merriment ; levity ; [rare.] 
LIG-NAL'oES Chg-ual'oze or lin-al'oze), n. [L. lignum and 

aloes.] Aloes-wood. — Numb., xxiv. 
LIG'NE-OUS, a. [L. ligneus.] Wooden ; 

consisting of wood ; resembling wood. 
LIG-NIF'ER-OUS, a. 

producing wood. 
LIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The process of converting into 

wood or the hard substance of a vegetable. 
LIGNI-FlED, pp. Converted into wood. 
LICNI-FORM, a. [L. lignum and form.] Like wood ; re 

sembling wood — Kirwan. 
LIG'NI-FY, v. t. [L. lignum and facio.] To convert into 

wood. 
LIG'NI-FY, v. i. To become wood. 
LIG'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Converting into wood. 
LIG'NIN, n. [L. lignum, wood.] In chemistry, the woody 

part or fibre of plants. 
LIG-NI-PER'DOUS, a. [L. lignum and perdo.] A term ap 

plied to insects which destroy wood — Brande. 
LIG'NlTE, n. [L. lignum.] Mineral coal retaining the tex 

ture of the wood from which it was formed, and burning 

with an empyreumatic odor. — Dana. 
LIG-NITIC, a. Containing lignite ; resembling lignite. 
LIG'NOUS, a. Ligneous. — Evelyn. [Little used.] 
LIG'NUM-Vl'T^E, n. [L.] The popular name utguaiacum, 

or pox-wood, an exceedingly hard wood, used for wheels, 

pulleys, &c. It grows in the West Indies and South 

America. 

I ICu'l a TED \ a ' [k- Ugula.] Like a bandage or strap 

LIG'ULE, ) n. '[L. Ugula.] 1. In botany, the flat part of the 

LIG'U-LA, > leaf of a grass, in contradistinction from that 
part which sheathes the stem. 2. A strap-shaped petal of 
flowers of the syngenesia. 

LIG'URE, n. A kind of precious stone. — Exod., xxviii. 

LIG'U-RlTE, n. [from Liguria.] A crystallized mineral of 
an apple-green color. It ranks as a gem. 

LlKE, a. [Sax. lie, gelic; Goth, leiks; Sw. lik.] 1. Equal in 
quantity, quality, or degree. 2. Similar ; resembling ; 
having resemblance : with to expressed or understood. 
3. Probable ; likely, that is, having the resemblance or ap- 
pearance of an event ; giving reason to expect or believe. 
—Like figures, in geometry. See Similar. 

LlKE, n. [elliptically, for like thing, like person.] 1. Some 
person or thing resembling another ; an equal. 2. Had 
like, in the phrase, " he had like to be defeated," seems to 
be a corruption ; but it is authorized by good usage. 

LlKE, adv. 1. In the same manner. 2. In a manner be- 
coming. 3. Likely; probably. 

LIKE, v. t. [Sax. licean, lician ; Goth, leikan.] 1. To be 
pleased with in a moderate degree ; to approve. It ex- 
presses less than love and delight. 2. To please ; to be 
agreeable to ; [obs.] 3. To liken ; [obs.] 

LIKE, v. i. 1. To be pleased; to choose; as, "he may go 
or stay, as he likes." Locke.- 
— Knolles; [obs.] 

LIKE'-MIND-ED, a. 
— Rom., xy. 

LIKE'LI-HOOD, n. 
ance of truth or reality, 
blance ; [obs.] 

LIKE'LI-NESS, n. 1. Probability, 
please. 

LIKE'LY, a. [that is, like-like.] Probable ; that may be ra- 
tionally thought or believed to have taken place in time 
past, or to be true now or hereafter ; such as is more 
reasonable than the contrary. 2. Such as may be liked ; 
pleasing. — In England, likely is equivalent to handsome, 
well-formed ; as, a likely man ; a likely horse.— In America, 
the word is also sometimes applied to the endowments of 
the mind, and a likely man denotes a man of good charac- 
ter and talents. 

LIKE'LY, adv. Probably.— Glanville. 

LIKEN (lik'n), v. t. [Sw. likna.] To compare ; to represent 
as resembling or similar. 

LIKENED (Hk'nd), pp. Compared. 

LIKE'NESS, n. 1. Resemblance in form. 2. Guise or ex- 
ternal appearance ; as, in the likeness of an enemy. 3 
One who resembles another ; as, tbe very likeness of hi3 
father. 4. An image, picture, or statue resembling a per- 
son or thing. — Syn. Similarity; parallel; similitude; rev 
jesentation'; portrait; effigy. 
LlK'EN-ING, ppr. Comparing; representing as similar. 



To like of, to be pleased 

Having a like disposition or purpose. 

1. Probability; verisimilitude ; appear- 
2. Appearance ; show ; resem- 

2. The qualities that 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; O as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



LIM 



598 



LIN 



LIK/.EN-ING (lik'n-ing), n. The forming of resemblance. 

LIKEWISE, adv. In like manner ; also ; moreover ; too. 

LIK'ING, ppr. of like. 1. Approving ; being pleased with. 
2. a. Plump ; full ; of a good appearance ; [obs.] 

LiK'ING, n. 1. A good state of body ; healthful appearance ; 
plumpness. 2. State of trial ; [obs.] 3. Inclination ; pleas- 
ure. 4. Delight in ; pleasure in : with to. 

LI'LAC, n. [Fr. lilas ; Sp. lilac] A flowering shrub of the 
genus syriaga, originally from Persia. 

Ll'LA-LlTE, n. Lepidolite, which see. 

LIL-I-A'CEOUS (lil-e-a'shus), a. [L. liliaceus.] Pertaining 
to lilies ; lily-like. — Martyn. 

LIL1EU (lillid), a. Embellished with lilies.— Milton. 

LIL-I-Pu'TIAN, n. 1. One belonging to a diminutive race 
described in Swift's kingdom of Liliput. 2. A person of 
very small size. [Sometimes used as an adjective.] 

LILL, v. t. Spenser. See Loll. 

LILT, v. i. 1. To do any thing with dexterity or qtiickness. 
—Pegge ; [local.] 2. To sing or play cheerfully and mer- 
rily, [Scottish.] 

LIL'Y (lille), n. [L. lilium.] The name of a genus of plants 
of many species, producing flowers of great beauty and 
variety of colors. — Lily of the valley, a plant of the genus 
convallaria. 

LIL'Y-DAF'FO-DIL, n. A plant and flower. 

LIL'Y-HAND-ED, a. Having white, delicate hands. — Spenser. 

LILY-H?'A-CINTH, n. A species of squilL—^sA. 

LILT-LIV-ER.ED, a. White-livered ; cowardly.— Shah. 

LI-Ma'CEOUS (-shus), a. Belonging to the slug or naked 
_snail, the Umax of Linnaeus. — P. Cyc. 

Li-Ma'TION, n. [L. limo.] The act of filing or polishing. 

LI'MA-TEJRE, n. [L. limo.] 1. A filing. 2. Filings ; parti- 
cles rubbed off by filing.— Johnson. 

LIMB (lim), n. [Sax. Urn; Dan., Sw. lem; L. limbus.] 1. 
Edge or border, as of the moon. — 2. In anatomy, and in 
common use, an extremity of the human body ; a member ; 
a projecting part, as the arm or leg ; that is, a shoot. 3. 
The branch of a tree ; [applied only to a branch of some 
size, and not to a small twig.] — 4. In botany, the border or 
upper spreading part of a monopetalous corol. — Limb of 
the law, a member of the legal profession. 

LIMB (lim), v. t. 1. To supply with limbs.— Milton. 2. To 
dismember ; to tear off" the limbs. 

LIMB'-MEAL, a. Piece-meal.— Shak. 

LIM'BAT, n. A cooling periodical wind in Cyprus. 

LIM'BATE, a. Bordered ; when one color is surrounded 
by an edging of another. — Lindley. 

t LIM'BEC, n. [contracted from alembic] A still. 

LIM'BEC, v. t. To strain or pass throxigh a still. — Sandys. 

L1MB.ED, a. In composition, as large-limbed. 

LIM'BER, a. Easily bent ; flexible ; pliant ; yielding.— In 
America, it is applied to material things; as, a limber 
rod. 

LIM'BER, v. t. To attach to the limber ; as, to limber the 
guns. 

LIM'BER, n. sing. ? 1. Two wheels and a shaft, with which 

LIM'BERS, n. pi. J cannon are drawn by horses. 2. Thills ; 
shafts of a carriage. — Forby. 

LIM'BER-NESS, n. The quality of being easily bent ; flexi- 
bleness ; pliancy. 

LIM'BERS, > n. pi. In a ship, holes cut through the 

LIM'BER-HoLES, } floor-timbers, as a passage for water 
to the pump-well. 

LIM'BIL-lTE, 7i. Supposed to be a decomposed chryso- 
lite. 

LIMB'LESS, a. Destitute of limbs. — Massinger. 

LIM'BO, )n. [L. limbus, edge or border.] 1. In scholastic 

LIM'BUS, 5 theology, a region bordering on hell ; a place 
for the souls of good men until the coming of our Savior 
(limbus patrum), and also for the souls of unbaptized in- 
fants (limbus infantum). The poets have applied the term 
to other supposed places on the outer borders of hell. 
Ariosto makes it the place of all lost things ; Milton the 
paradise of fools ; and Shakspeare has used |he term for 
hell itself. 2. A place of restraint or confinement. 

LIME, n. [Sax. lim ; Sw., Dan. lim ; L. li?nus.] 1. A viscous 
substance, sometimes laid on twigs for catching birds. 2. 
Calcareous earth, oxyd of calcium, much used as a ce- 
ment. 3. The linden-tree. 

LlME, n. [Fr. lime.] A species of acid fruit, smaller than 
the lemon. 

LIME, v. t. [Sax. geliman.] 1. To smear with a viscous 
substance. 2. To entangle ; to ensnare. — Shah. 3. To 
manure with lime. 4. To cement. 

LIME'-BURN-ER, n. One who burns stones to lime. 

LIME'-HOUND, n. A dog used in hunting the wild boar.— 
Spenser. 

LIME'-KILN (lime'-kil), n. A furnace in which stones or 
_shells are exposed to a strong heat, and reduced to lime. 

LlME'-PLANT, n. A name sometimes given to the May- 
apple. 

LIME-SINK, n. A rounded hole or depression in the 
ground in limestone countries. 



LlME'-TWIG, n. A twig smeared with lime. — Miltm^ 

LlME'-TWIGGM), a. Smeared with lime.— Addison. 

LlME'-WA-TER, n. Water impregnated with iime. 

LlMi^D, pp. Smeared with lime ; entangled ; manured 
with lime. 

LIME'SToNE, n. Stone of which lime is made by the ex- 
pulsion of its carbonic acid ; carbonate of lime. 

LlM'ING, ppr. Daubing with viscous matter ; entangling 
manuring with lime. 

LlM'ING, n. The act of manuring with lime. 

LIM'IT, n. [L. limes.] 1. Bound ; boundary ; border ; ut- 
most extent ; the part that terminates a thing. 2. The 
thing which bounds ; restraint. — 3. In geometry, a determ 
inate quantity, to which a variable one continually ap 
proaches, and may come nearer to it than by any given 
difference, but can never go beyond it. — 4. Limits, pi., the 
extent of the liberties of a prison. 

LIM'IT, v. t. 1. To bound ; to set bounds to. 2. To con- 
fine within certain bounds ; to circumscribe ; to restrain. 
3. To restrain from a lax or general signification ; to re 
strict. 

LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. That may be limited, circumscribed, 
bounded, or restrained. — Hume. 

LIM-IT-a'NE-OUS, a. Pertaining to bounds.— Diet. 

LIM-IT-A'RI-AN, a. That limits or circumscribes. 

LIM'IT-A-RY, a. Placed at the limit, as a guard. 

LIM-IT-A'TION, n. [L. limitatio.] 1. The act of bounding 
or circumscribing. 2. Restriction ; restraint ; circum- 
scription. 3. Restriction ; confinement from a lax, inde- 
terminate import. 4. A certain precinct within which 
friars were allowed to beg or exercise their functions. — 5. 
In law, the period limited by statute after which the claim- 
ant shall not enforce his claims by a suit. — Bouvier. 

LIM'IT-ED, pp. 1. Bounded ; circumscribed ; restrained 
2. a. Narrow; circumscribed; confined; restricted. 

LIM'IT-ED-LY, adv. With limitation. 

LIM'IT-ED-NESS, n. State of beins: limited.— Parker. 

LIM'IT-ER, n. 1. He or that which limits or confines. 2. 
A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whoso 
duty was limited to a certain district. 

LIM'IT-LESS, a. Having no limits. — Syn. Boundless ; un- 
limited ; unbounded ; illimitable ; infinite ; immense ; vast. 

LIM'MER, n. 1. A lime-hound ; a mongrel. 2. A dog en- 
gendered between a hound and a mastiff. 3. A thill or 
shaft; [local. See Limber.] 4. A thill-horse ; [local.] 

LIMN (lim), v. t. [Fr. enluminer ; L. lumino.] To draw or 
paint ; or to paint in water-colors. — Encyc. 

LIMN.ED (limd), pp. Painted. 

LIM'NER. n. [Fr. enlumineur ; L. illuminator.] 1. One who 
colors or paints on paper or parchment ; one who deco- 
rates books with initial pictures. 2. A portrait painter. 

LIM'NING, ppr. Drawing ; painting ; painting in water- 
colors. 

LIM'NING, 7i. The act or art of drawing or painting in 
water-colors . — A ddison. 

LIM'ON-lTE, 7i. One of the names of brown iron ore or 
hematite, an abundant ore in the United States. — Dana. 

LI'MOUS, a. [L. limosus.] Muddy; slimy; thick. 

LIMP, v. i. [Sax. lemp-healt.] To halt ; to walk lamely 

LIMP, 7i. A halt; act of limping. 

t LIMP, a. Vapid; weak.— Walton. 

LIMP'ER, 7i. One who limps. 

LIM'PET, 7i. [L. lepas.] A univalve shell of the genus patella, 
adhering to rocks. 

LIM'PID, a. [L. limpidus.] Characterized by clearness or 
transparency, as a stream. — Syn. Clear; transparent; pel- 
lucid ; lucid ; pure ; crystal ; translucent. 

LIM'PID-NESS ( *' Clearness ; purity ; transparency 

LIMP'ING, ppr. or a. Halting ; walking lamely. 

LIMP'ING-LY, adv. Lamely ; in a halting manner. 

LIM'SY, > a. [W. llymsi.] Weak ; flexible.— Forby. [New 

LIMP'SY, 5 England.] 

LlM'Y, n. [See Lime.] 1. Viscous ; glutinous. 2. Contain 
ing lime. 3. Resembling lime ; having the qualities of lime. 

t LIN, v. i. [Ice. linna.] To yield. 

t LIN, 71. [Celtic] 1. A pool or collection of water, partic- 
ularly the one above or below a waterfall. 2. A waterfall 
or cataract. — Scottish. 

LINCH, 7i. A ledge ; a rectangular projection. — Jennings. 

LINCH'-PIN, 7i. [Sax. lynis.] A pin used to prevent the 
wheel of a carriage from sliding off the axle-tree. 

LIN'COLN-GREEN (link'un-), n. A color of cloth formerly 
made in Lincoln in England. — Spenser. 

LINCTU^ ' \ n ' fk- Unctus.] Medicine taken by licking. 

LIN'DEN,^) 7i. [Sax., Sw., Dan. lind.] The lime-tree, or teil 

LIND, 5 tree, of the genus tilia. — Dryden. 

LlNE, 71. [L. linea; Fr. ligne.] 1. In geometry, that which 
has length, without breadth or thickness. 2. A slender 
string ; a small cord or rope. 3. A thread, string, or cord 
extended to direct any operation. 4. Lineament; a mark 
4 n the hand or face. 5. Delineation ; sketch, as of build 1 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— 1, E, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



I. IN 



599 



LIP 



Jng3. — Temple. 6. Contour ; outline; exterior limit of a 
figure. Pope. — 7. In writing, printing, and engraving, the 
words and letters which stand on a level in one row, be- 
tween one margin and another. — 8. In poetry, a verse, or 
the words which form a certain number of feet, according 
to the measure. 9. A short letter ; a note. 10. A rank 
or row of soldiers, or the disposition of an army drawn 
up with an extended front ; or the like disposition of a 
fieet prepared for engagement. 11. A trench or rampart ; 
an extended work in fortification. 12. Method ; disposi- 
tion ; as, line of order. — Shak. 13. Extension ; limit ; 
border. 14. Equator ; equinoctial circle. 15. A series or 
succession of progeny or relations descending from a com- 
mon progenitor. 16. The twelfth part of an inch. 17. A 
straight, extended mark. 18. A straight or parallel di- 
rection. 19. Occupation ; employment. ; department or 
course ofbusiness. 20. Course ; direction ; as, a line of 
conduct. 21. Lint or flax. — Spenser; [rare.] — 22. In her- 
aldry, lines are the figures used in armories to divide the 
shield into different parts, and to compose different fig- 
• ures. — 23. In Scripture, line signifies a cord for measuring ; 
also, instruction ; doctrine. Isai., xxviii. — 24. In military 
affairs, the line denotes the regular infantry of an army, as 
distinguished from militia, guards, volunteer corps, cav- 
alry, artillery, &c. 

d right line, a straight line ; the shortest line that can be 
drawn between two points. — Horizontal line, a line drawn 
parallel to the horizon. — Equinoctial line, the equator of 
the earth or heavens. — Meridian line, a meridian, which 
see. — A ship of the line, a ship of war large enough to have 
a place in the line of battle ; also called line-ofbattle-ship ; 
a ship carrying guns on two or more decks besides the 
^par deck. 

LINE, v. t. [L. linum.] 1. To cover on the inside. 2. To 
put in the inside ; [applied particularly to money ;] as, to 
line one's purse. — Swift. 3. To place along by the side of 
any thing for guarding. 4. To strengthen by additional 
works or men. 5. To cover ; to add a covering. — Shak. 
6. To strengthen with any thing added. 7. To impreg- 
nate ; [applied to irrational animals.'] 

LINE-A6E, n. [Fr. lignage.] Race ; progeny ; family ; 
house ; descendants in a line from a common progenitor. 

LIN'E-AL, a. [L.linealis.] 1. Composed of lines ; delineated. 
2. In a direct line from an ancestor. 3. Hereditary ; de- 
rived from ancestors. — Shak. 4. Allied by direct descent. 
Dryden. 5. In the direction of a line. — Lineal measure, the 
measure of length. 

LIN-E-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the form of a line. 
— Am. Review. 

LIN'E-AL-LY, adv. In a direct line. 

LIN'E-A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. lineamentum.] Feature ; form ; 
make ; the outline or exterior of a body or figure, particu- 
larly of the face. 

LIN'E-AR, a. [L. linearis.] 1. Pertaining to a line ; consist- 
ing of fines ; in a straight direction. — 2. In botany, like a 
line ; slender ; of the same breadth throughout, except at 
the extremities. — Linear perspective. See Perspective. 

LIN'E-AR-SHaP ED (-shapt), a. Of a linear shape. 

f ,IN'E-ATE, a. In botany, marked longitudinally with de- 
pressed parallel fines ; as, a Ungate leaf. 

LIN-E-A'TION, n. Draught; delineation, which see. 

LlNED, pp. [See Line.] Covered on the inside. 

LIN'EN, n. [L. linum; Ir. lin.] 1. Cloth made of flax or 
hemp. 2. The under part of dress, as being chiefly of 
linen. 

LIN'EN, a. [L. lineus.] 1. Made of flax or hemp. 2. Re- 
sembling linen cloth ; white ; pale. 

LIN'EN-DRI'PER, n. A person who deals in linens. — 
Linener and linenman, in a like sense, are obsolete. 

LTN'ER, n. A vessel belonging to a regular line of packets. 
[Recent usage.] 

LING, n. [D. leng; Ir. long.] A fish of the Northern seas, 
resembling the cod in form, but longer and more slender. 

LING, n. [Ice. ling.] A species of long grass ; heath. 

LING, a Saxon termination, as in darling, firstling, denotes, 
primarily, state, condition, or subject ; also, in some cases, 
the young of animals, as gosling. 

LIN"GER (ling'ger), v. i. [Sax. leng.] 1. To remain or wait 
long; to be slow. 2. To be slow in deciding; to be in 
suspense. 3. To remain long in any state. — Syn. To de- 
lay; loiter; lag; tarry; stay; stop; hesitate. 

LIN"GER, v. t. To protract.— Shak. 

LIN"GER£D, pp. Delayed; loitered. 

LIN"GER-ER, n. One who lingers. 

LIN"GER-ING, ppr. 1. Delaying ; loitering. 2. a. Drawing 
out in time ; remaining long ; protracted. 

LIN"GER-ING, n. A delaying ; a remaining long ; tardiness ; 
protraction . — Irv ing. 

LIN"GER-ING-LY, adv. With delay ; slowly ; tediously.— 

Hale. 
LIN"GET (ling'get), n. [Fr. lingot.] A small mass of metal. 
LIN"GLE (ling'gl), n. [Fr. ligneul.] Shoemaker's thread. 
[Obs. or local.] 



LIN"GO, n. [L. lingua.] Language; speech. [Vulgar.] 
t LIN"GUa'CIOUS (ling-gwa'shus), a. [L. linguax.] Talk- 
ative ; loquacious. 
LIN"GUA-DENTAL, a. [L. lingua and dens.] Formed oi 

uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth, as the 

letters d and t. — Holder. 
LIN"GUA-DENT'AL, n. An articulation formed by the 

tongue and teeth. 
LIN"GUAL (ling'gwal), a. [L. lingua.\ Pertaining to the 

tongue. 
LIN"GUI-FORM, a. [L. lingua and form.] Having the form 

or shape of the tongue. — Martyn. 
LIN"GUIST (ling'gwist), n. [L. lingua.] A person skilled in 

languages. 

LiN ; Gml?iI:AL, I a - Pertainin S to *»&***<*■ 

LINGUISTICS, n. The science which treats of the origin, 
various senses, and applications of words. 

LIN"GU-LATE, a. [L. lingulatus.] Shaped like the tongue 
or a strap. [Little used.] See Ligulate. 

LING'WoRT, n. An herb. 

LIN'6Y (lin'jy), a. 1. Limber; tall; flexible. [Craven dia- 
lect.] 2. Active; strong; able to bear fatigue. — Brockett. 

LIN'I-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. linimentum.] A species of soft 
ointment 

LlN'ING. ppr. Covering on the inside, as a garment. 

LINING, n. 1. The covering of the inner sui-face of any 
thing, as of a garment or a box. 2. That which is within. 
—Shak. 

LINK, n. [G. gclcnk ; Dan. lenke.] 1. A single ring or di- 
vision of a chain. 2. Any thing doubled and closed like a 
link. — Mortimer. 3. A chain ; any thing connecting. 4. 
Any single constituent part of a connected series, as of an 
argument. — Links, sausages, so called from being made in 
a continuous chain. — Forby ; [sometimes heard in America.] 

LINK, it. [Gr. \vxvoS ; L. lychnus.] A torch made of tow 
or hards, &c, and pitch. — Dryden. 

LINK, v. t. 1. To complicate. 2. To unite or connect by 
something intervening or in another manner. 

LINK, v. i. To be connected. — Bvrke. 

LINK'BOY, \ n. A boy or man who carried a link or torch 

LINK'MAN, > to light passengers. — Gay. 

LINKED (linkt), pp. United ; connected. 

LINKING, ppr. Uniting; connecting. 

LIN-NiE'AN, } a. Pertaining to Linnaeus the botanist, of 

LIN-NE'AN, 5 Sweden, or to his system of botany. 

LIN'NET, n. [Fr. linot.] A small European singing-bird of 
the finch family. 

T TNT'^FFT) \ n ' ^ nt an( * see< ^ ' ^^iK.. linseed.] Flaxseed. 

LIN'SEED-CaKE, n. The solid mass, or cake, which re- 
mains when oil is expressed from flax-seed. 

LIN'SEED-OIL, n. Oil obtained by pressure from flax-seed 

LIN'SEY, n. [corrupted from linen.] Linsey-woolsey. 

LIN'SEY-WOOL'SE Y, a. Made of linen and wool ; hence, 
vile ; mean ; of different and unsuitable parts. 

LIN'SEY-WOOL'SEY, n. Stuff made of linen and wool 
mixed. 

LINSTOCK, n. A pointed staff with a crotch or fork at one 
end, to hold a hghted match ; used in firing cannon. 

LINT, n. [Sax. linet; L.linteum.] Flax; but more generally, 
linen scraped into a soft substance, and used for dressing 
wounds and sores. 

LIN'TEL, n. [Fr. lintcau ; Sp. lintel.] The head-piece of a 
door-frame or window-frame ; the part of the frame that 
lies on the side pieces. 

LINT'SEED. See Linseed. 

Ll'ON, n. [Fr. ; L. leo, leonis.] 1. A quadruped of the genus 
felis, very strong, fierce, and rapacious, remarkable for its 
roar. 2. A sign in the zodiac, Leo. 3. An object of inter- 
est and curiosity ; as, the lion of the day ; to visit the lions 
of a place. This use of the term is derived from the lions 
kept as objects of curiosity in the Tower of London. 

Li'ON-HEaRT-ED (-hart'ed), a. Having a lion's heart or 
courage. 

Ll'ON-LlKE, 

Ll'ON-LY, 

Ll'ON-MET-TLED, a. Having the courage and spirit of a 
lion.— Hillhouse. 

Ll'ON-ESS, n. The female of the lion kind. 

Ll'ON-lZE, v. i. To visit the objects of curiosity in a place. 
See Lion. [Familiar.] 

Ll'ON'S FOOT, n. A plant of the genera catananche, pre- 
nanthes, &c. 

Ll'ON'S LEAF, n. A tuberous-rooted plant of the Levant 

Ll'ON'S TIIL, n. A plant of the genus leonnrus. 

LIP, n. [Sax. lippa, lippe ; D. lip; G., Dan. lippe.] 1. The 
edge or border of the mouth. 2. The edge of any thing. 
— 3. In botany, one of the two opposite divisions of a labiate 
corol. — 4. In con chology, the outer edge of the aperture of 
a univalve shell. — To make a lip, to drop the under lip in 
sullenness or contempt 

LIP, v. t. To kiss.— Shak. 



Like a lion ; fierce. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. 



LIS 



GOO 



LIT 



LIP-DE-Vo'TION, n. Prayers uttered by the lips without 
the desires of the heart. 

LIP' GOOD, a. Good in profession only. — Ben Jonson. 

LIP -La-BOR, n. Labor or action of the lips without con- 
currence of the mind ; words without sentiments. 

LIP'-WIS-DoM, n. Wisdom in talk without practice ; wis- 
dom in words not supported by experience. 

LIP'LESS, a. Having no lips. — Byron. 

LIP'LET, n. A little lip.— Kirby. 

LIP'O-GRAM, n. [Gr. Xeiitu) and ypajxfxa.] A writing in 
which a particular letter is wholly omitted. 

LIP-O-GRAM-MATIC, a. A term applied to writings in 
which a particular letter is intentionally omitted through- 
out. — Brande. 

LIP-O-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. One who writes any thing, 
dropping a particular letter. — Addison. 

Ll-POTH'Y-MOUS, a. Swooning ; fainting. 

Ll-POTH'Y-MY, n. [Gr. Xuirodvina.] A fainting ; a swoon. 

LIPPED (lipt), a. 1. Having lips ; having a raised or round- 
ed edge like a lip. — 2. In botany, labiate. 

LIPPED (lipt), pp. Kissed. 

LIP'PING, ppr. Kissing. 

LIP'PI-TUDE, n. [L. lippitudo.] Soreness of eyes ; bleared- 
ness. — Bacon. 

LIQ'UA-BLE (lik'wa-bl), a. That may be melted. 

Li'QJJaTE, v. i. [L. liquo.] To melt ; to liquefy ; to be dis- 
solved. — Woodward. [Little used.] 

Ll-QUI'TION, n. [L. liquatio.) 1. The act or operation of 
melting. 2. The capacity of being melted. — 3. In metal- 
lurgy, the process of separating, by a regulated heat, an 
easily fusible metal from one less fusible, with which it is 
combined; eliquation. — Ure. 

LIQ-UE-F ACTION (lik-we-fak'shun), n. [L. liqtief actio.] 1. 
The act or operation of melting or dissolving ; the con- 
version of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat 
or caloric. 2. The state of being melted. 

LIQ'UE-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be melted, or changed 
from a solid to a liquid state. — Bacon, 

LIQ'UE-FiED (lik'we-flde), pp. Melted; become liquid. 

LIQ'UE-Fl-ER, n. That which melts any solid substance. 

LIQ'UE-FY (lik'we-fy), v. t. [Fr. liquefier.] To melt ; to dis- 
solve ; to convert from a fixed or solid form to that of a 
liquid ; to melt by the sole agency of heat or caloric. 

LIQ/UE-FY, v. i. To be melted ; to become liquid. 

LIQ'UE-FY-ING, ppr. Melting; becoming liquid. 

Ll-QIJES'CEN-CY, n. [L. liquescentia.] Aptness to melt 

Ll-Q,UES'CENT, a. Melting ; becoming fluid. 

LI-QUEuR' (le-kure'), n. [Fr.] A delicate preparation of dis- 
tilled spirits, usually flavored with fruits, spices, or various 
aromatic substances. — Ure. 

LIQ/UID (lik'wid), a. [L. liquidvs.] 1. Fluid ; flowing or ca- 
pable of flowing ; not fixed or solid. But liquid is not 
precisely synonymous with fluid. Air is fluid, but not 
liquid. 2. Soft ; clear ; flowing ; smooth, as melody. 3. 
Pronounced without any jar; smooth, as certain letters. 
4. Dissolved ; not obtainable by law ; [obs.] 

LIQ/UID, n. 1. A fluid or flowing substance ; a substance 
whose parts change their relative position on the slightest 
pressure, and which flows on an inclined plane. — 2. In 
grammar, a letter which has a smooth flowing sound, or 
which flows smoothly after a mute, as I and r, in bla, bra. 
M and n are also called liquids. 

LIQ/UID-XTE (lik'wid-ate), v. t. [Fr. liquider ; L. liquido.] 
1. To clear from all obscurity. — Hamilton. 2. To settle ; 
to adjust ; to ascertain or reduce to precision in amount. 
— Blackstonc. 3. To pay ; to settle, adjust, and satisfy, as 
a debt. 4. To diminish or lessen. — Walpole. 

LIO.'UID-1-TED, pp. Settled ; adjusted ; reduced to certain- 
ty; paid. 

LIQ/UID-A-TING, ppr. Adjusting; ascertaining; paying. 

LIQ-UID-I'TION, n. The act of settling and adjusting debts, 
or ascertaining their amount or the balance due. 

LIQ/UID-A-TOR, n. He or that which liquidates or settles. 
— E. Everett. 

LIQ.-UID'1-TY (lik-wid'e-te), n. [Fr. liquidite.] 1. The quali- 
ty of being fluid or liquid. 2. Thinness. 

LIQTTID-LY (lik'wid-ly), adv. In a flowing manner. 

LIQ/UID-NE8S, n. The quality of being liquid; fluency. 

LIQ/UOR (lik'ur), n. [Fr. liqueur ; L. liquor.] 1. A nquid 
or fluid substance ; commonly applied to spirituous fluids. 
— Liquor of flints, a solution of silicated potash. — Liquor 
of Libavius, bichlorid of tin. 

LIQ/UOR, v. t. To moisten ; to drench. — Bacon. [Rare.] 

Li'QUOR SIL'I-€UM, n. [L.] Liquor of flints. See Liquor. 

LIQ'UOR-iCE. See Licorice. 

LiR-I-CON-FAN'CY, n. A flower. 

LlR'I-POOP, n, [Fr. liripipion.] The hood of a graduate. 
LIR'O-GONE, a. [Gr. Xeipog, pale, and Kovia, powder.] In 
mineralogy ^having the form of a whitish powder. — Shepard. 
LlR'O-CON-lTE, n. A bright-blue or green mineral, con- 
sisting of oxyd of copper, arsenic acid, and water. — Dana. 
LIS'BON, n. A sort of sweet wine exported from Lisbon. 
LISH, a. Stout ; active. [Local] 



t LlSNE Qlne), n. A cavity or hollow.— Hale. 

LISP, v. i. [G. lispeln; D. lispen; Sax. vlisp, or vlips.] lo 
speak with a vicious articulation, as in pronouncing th 
for s. 

LISP, v. t. To pronounce with a lisp. 

LISP, n. The act of lisping, as in uttering an aspirated th 
for s. 

LISP'ER, n. One who lisps. 

LISPTNG, ppr. or a. Uttering with a lisp. 

LISP'ING, n. The act of speaking with a lisp. 

LISP'ING-LY, adv. With a lisp.— Holder. 

LIS'SOM, a. [probably from Sax. lesan,] Limber ; supple , 
relaxed; loose. [Local.] 

LIST, n. [Sax., Sw. list ; It, Sp. lista ; Fr., Dan. lists.] 1. 
The outer edge or selvedge of cloth. 2. A line inclosing 
or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of 
combat ; hence, in the plural (lists), the ground or field in- 
closed for a race or combat. 3. A limit or boundary ; a 
border. — 4. In architecture, a little square molding; a fillet , 
called, also, a listel. 5. A roll, register, or catalogue, that is, 
a row or line. 6. A strip of cloth ; a fillet. — Civil list, in 
Great Britain and the United States, the civil officers of 
government, as judges, embassadors, secretaries, &c. 
Hence, it is used for the revenues or appropriations of 
public money for the support of the civil officers. By a 
late law, the civil list, in England, embraces only the ex- 
penses of the reigning monarch's household. — Brande. 

LIST, v. t. 1. To enroll ; to register in a list or catalogue ; 
to enlist 2. To engage in the public service, as soldiers. 
— Dryden. 3. To iuclose for combat. 4. To sew together, 
as strips of cloth, so as to make a particolored show ; or 
to form a border. — Wotton. 5. To cover with a list, or 
with strips of cloth. 6. To hearken to ; to attend to.- 
Shak. See Listen. 

LIST, v. i. To engage in public service by enrolling one's 
name ; to enlist. 

LIST, v. i. [Sax. lystan.] 1. Properly, to lean or incline ; to 
be propense ; hence, to desire or choose. 2. To hearken ; 
to attend ; to listen. 

LIST, n. In the language of seamen, an inclination to one 
side ; as, the ship has a list to port. 

LISTED, pp. 1. Striped ; particolored in stripes. 2. Cov- 
ered with fist 3. Inclosed for combat 4. Engaged in 
public service ; enrolled. 

LISTEL, n, A list in architecture ; a fillet — Encyc. 

LISTEN (lis'n), v. i. [Sax. lystan or hlystan.] 1. To heark- 
en ; to give ear ; to attend closely with a view to hear. 2. 
To obey ; to yield to advice ; to follow admonition. 

LISTEN (lis'n), v. t. To hear ; to attend.— SJtak. 

LISTENED (lis'nd), pp. Hearkened ; heard. 

LISTEN-ER, n. One who listens ; a hearkener. 

LIST'EN-ING, ppr. or a. Hearkening ; giving attention. 

LIST'EN-ING, n. The act of giving attention. 

LISTER, n. One who makes a list or roll. 

t LISTFUL, a. Attentive.-- Spenser. 

LISTING, ppr. Inclosing for combat; covering with list, 
enlisting. 

LISTING, n. In architecture, the cutting away the sap 
wood from the edges of a board. — Brande. 

LISTLESS, a. Not listening ; not attending ; not interested. 
— Syn. Heedless; careless; thoughtless; inattentive; in- 
different ; vacant ; uninterested ; languid ; weary ; supine ; 
indolent. 

LISTLESS-LY, adv. Without attention ; heedlessly. 

LISTLESS-NJ'.SS, n. Inattention; heedlessness; indiffer- 
ence to what, is passing and may be interesting. 

LISTS, n. pi. The ground inclosed for a race, combat, &c. 

LIT, pret. of light ; as, the bird lit on a tree. [Inelegant.] 

LITA-NY, n. [Fr. litanie ; Gr. Xiraveia.]' A solemn form of 
supplication, used in public worship. 

t LITE, a. Little. 

Ll'TER, In. [Fr. litre.] A French measure of capacity, 

Ll'TRE, J equal to 61.028 cubic inches, or about 21 wine 
pints. 

LITER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. litera.] 1. According to the letter ; 
primitive ; real ; not figurative or metaphorical ; as, a 
literal sense. 2. Following the letter or exact words ; not 
free, as a translation. 3. Consisting of letters, as notation. 

LITER-AL, a. [L. literatus.] Learned ; lettered ; instructed 
in learning and science. — Johnson. 

t LIT'ER-AL, n. Literal meaning. — Brown. 

LITER-AL-ISM, n. That which accords with the letter. 

LITER-AL-IST, n. One who adheres to the letter or exact 
word. — Milton, 

LIT-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Original or literal meaning.— Brown. 

LITER-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the primary and natu- 
ral import of words ; not figuratively. 2. With close ad 
herence to words ; word by word. 

LIT'ER-AL-NESS, n. State of adhering closely to the lettei 
or of being literal. 

LITER-A-RY, a. [L. literarius.] 1. Pertaining to letters or 
literature ; respecting learning or learned men. 2. Derived 
from erudition, as reputation. 3. Furnished with erudi 



See Synopsis. A, E, I. &c, long.— A, E, I. &c. short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MciVE, BOpK 



LIT 



60 



LIT 



Don ; versed in letters. 4. Consisting in letters, or written 
or printed_compositions. 

LIT-ER-a'Ti, n.pl. [L. literatus.] The learned ; men of eru- 
dition. — Spectator. 

LIT-ER-ITIM. [L.] Letter for letter. 

LITER- a-TOR, n. [L.] A petty schoolmaster.- Burke. 

LITER-A-TURE, n. [L. literatura.] 1. Acquaintance with 
books. 2. The collective body of literary productions, 
embracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy pre- 
served in writing. 3. In the more distinctive and usual 
sense of the term, literature excludes the positive sciences, 
and embraces history, grammar, rhetoric, logic, criticism, 
languages, &c. In a still narrower sense, it is sometimes 
used as synonymous with polite literature. — Syn. Learn- 
ing ; erudition ; letters ; belles-lettres. 

tLITH, n. [Sax.] A joint or limb. — Cfiaucer. 

LI-THANTHRAX, n. [Gr. XiBos and avBpal] Stone-coal. 

LITH'ARgE, n. [Ft.] A semi-vitreous oxyd of lead, having 
a scalv appearance. 

LITH'ATE, n. [Gr. Xtdos-] A salt or compound formed by 
the lifhic acid with a base. 

LITHE, a. [Sax. lith, lithe ; W. llyth.] That may be easily 
bent; pliant; flexible; limber. — Milton. 

f LITHE, v. t. 1. To smooth ; to soften ; to palliate.— 
Chancer. 2. To listen. See Listen. 

LlTHE'NESS, n. Flexibility ; limberness. 

LlTH'ER, a. 1. Soft; pliant— Shak. 2. [Sax. lythr.] Bad; 
_corrupt. — Woolton. 

LlTH'ER-LY, adv. Slowly ; lazily.— Barret. 

LlTH'ER-NESS, n. Idleness ; laziness.— Barrel. 

LlTHE'SoME, a. Pliant; nimble; limber.— Scott. 

LITE'I-A, n. A new alkali, found in the minerals petalite, 
spodumene, &c, of which the basis is a metal called lithium. 

LITH'IC, a. Pertaining to the stone in the bladder. — Lithic 
acid, generally called uric acid, forms the most common 
variety of urinary calculus. 

LITH1-UM. n. The metallic base of lithia. 

LITH-O-BIB'LI-ON. See Lithofhyl. 

LITH'0-€aRP, n. [Gr. XiBos and K ap-oS-] Fossil fruit; 
fruit petrified. — Diet. Nat. Hist. 

LITH-0-€OL'LA, n. [Gr. XiBos and xroAAa.] A cement that 
unites stones. — Ash. 

LITH-O-DENTJRON, n. [Gr. XiBos and SevSpov.] A name 
sometimes given to corals from their resemblance to 
branches of trees. 

LITH'O-DERM, n. [Gr. XiBos and Sepua.] One of a genus 
of apodal echinoderms, with an oval body, covered with a 
layer of calcareous granules, which form an indurated 
crust. — Brande. 

LITHO DOME, n., 1 [Gr. Xidos, stone, and So/jloS, house.] 

LI-THOD'O-Ml, n. pi. ) The name of molluscous animals 
which form holes in solid rocks, in which they lodge 
themselves. — Lyell. 

LI-THOD'O-MOUS, a. Relating to a genus of molluscous 
animals which perforate stones. 

LITH-O-GEN'E-SY, n. [Gr. XiBog and yzvzctg.] The doctrine 
or science of the origin of minerals. 

LI-THOG'E-NOUS, a. An epithet applied to polyps which 
form corals. — Lyell. 

LITH'O-GLYPH, n. The art of engraving on precious 
stones. — Elmes. 

MTH-O-GLYPH'iTE, n. [Gr. XtBog and yAv0w.] A fossil 
substance, ha vino; the appearance of being cut by art 

LITH'O-GRAPH, v. t. To trace letters or figures on stone, 
and transfer them to paper, &c. 

LITH'O-GRAPH. n. A print from a drawing on stone. 

LITH'O-GRAPHED (lifh'o -graft), pp. or a. Formed by tra- 
cing letters or figures on stone. 

LI-THOGRA-PHER, n. One who practices lithography. 

LITH-O-GRAPH'IG, } „ _ . . t ... , 

LITH-O-GRAPHIC-AL, \ a - Pertamm S to hthography. 

LITH-O-GRAPHIC-AL-LY, adv. By the hthographic art. 

LITHO-GRAPH-ING, ppr. Forming by letters or figures on 
stone. 

LI-THOGRA-PHY, n. [Gr. XiBog and yp a <pu.] The art of 
tracing letters, figures, or other designs on stone, and of 
transferring them to paper by impression. 

LITH-OIDAL, a. Like stone ; having a stone structure. 

LITH-0-LOg'I€. \a. In mineralogy, pertaining to the 

LITH-0-LOG'I€-AL, 5 character of a rock, as derived 
from the nature and mode of aggregation of its mineral 
contents. — Dana. 

LITH-0-LOG'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a lifhological manner. 

LI-THOL'O-GIST, n. A person skilled in the science of stones. 

LI-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. XiBos and Xoyog.] 1. The science or 
natural history of stones. 2. A treatise on stones found 
in the body. — Coze. 

LITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. XiBog and navreia.] Divination or 
prediction of events by means of stones. — Brown. 

LITH'O-MaRgE, n. [Gr. XiBog, and L. marga.] A compact 
clay of a fine, smooth texture, and very sectile. — Dana. 

LITH'ON-TRIP-TOR, \ n. An instrument for triturating 

LITH'O-TRT-TOR, S the stone in the bladder. 



| LITH-ON-TRYP'TIC, la. [Gr. XiBog and $p v -ru.] Hav- 
I LITH-ON-THRYP'TI€, 5 ing the quality of dissolving tin- 
stone in the bladder or kidneys. 

LITH-ON-TRYP'TI€, \n. A medicine which has the 

LITHON-THRYPTIC, 5 power of dissolving the stone in 
the bladder or kidneys. 

LI-THOPH'A-GI. See Lithodomi. 
j LI-THOPH'A-GOUS (-thof-), a. [Gr. XiBog and <p a yu,.] Eat- 
ing or swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich. 

t LITHO-PHOS-PHOR, n. [Gr. XiBcs and cpuc^opog.] A 
stone that becomes phosphoric by heat. 

LITH-0-PHOS-PHOR'I€, a. Pertaining to lithophosphor ; 
becoming phosphoric by heat. 

LITH'O-PHYL, n. [Gr. XiBog and <pvXXov.] Bibliolite oi 
lithobiblion, fossil leaves. 
I LITH'O-PHYTE, n. [Gr. XiBoa and <pvrov.] A coral zoc- 

phyte. — Dana. 
: LITHO-PHYTIC, a. Pertaining to lithophytes. 

LI-THOPHY-TOUS, a. Pertaining to or consisting of lith- 
ophytes. 
! LITH'O-TOME, n. [Gr. XiBog and reuvo).] A stone so form- 
ed naturally as to appear as if cut artificially. 
i LITH-0-TOM'I€, a. Pertaining to or perfonned by lithot- 
omy, 
i LI-THOT'0-MIST, n. One who performs the operation ot 
cutting for the stone in the bladder. 

LI-THOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. XiOog and n/iw.] The operation 
art or practice of cutting for the stone in the bladder. 
| LITH'0-TRIP-SY, n. [Gr. XiBog and rp^w.] The operation 
of triturating the stone in the bladder, so that it may be 
extracted without cutting. 

LITH'O-TRIP-TIST, n. One skilled in breaking and ex- 
tracting stone in the bladder. 

LITHO-TRIP-TOR, n. An instrument for triturating thb 
stone in the bladder. 

LI-THOT'RI-TY, n. [Gr. Xi8o( and retpu).] The operation 
of breaking a stone in the bladder into small pieces, capa- 
ble of being voided. — Brande. 

t LI-THOX'YLE, n. [Gr. XtBoS and frW] Petrified wood. 

LlTHT, a. Easily bent ; pliable. 

LIT'I-GANT, a. Contending in law ; engaged in a lawsuit 

LIT'1-GANT, n. A person engaged in a lawsuit. 
; LIT'I-GaTE, v. t. [L. litigo.] To contest in law; to prose- 
cute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and 
| judicial debate. 

| LIT'I-GaTE, v. i. To dispute in law ; to carry on a suit by 
I judicial process. 

LIT'I-Ga-TED, pp. or a. Contested judicially. 

LIT'I-Ga-TIXG, ppr. Contesting in law. 
; LIT-I-Ga'TION, n. The act or process of carrying on a suit 
in a court of law or equity for the recovery of a right or 
claim ; a judicial contest. 

LI-TlG'IOES (le-tid'jus), a. [Ft. litigieux ; L. litigiosus.] 1 
Inclined to judicial contest; given to the practice of con 
tending in law ; quarrelsome ; wrangling ; contentious 
2. Disputable; controvertible; subject" to contention. 
; LI-TlG'IOUS-LY, adv. In a contentious manner. 

LI-TlG'IOUS-NESS, n. A disposition to engage in or to carry 
on lawsuits ; inclination to judicial contests. 

LITMUS, n. A blue pigment, formed from argol, orchil, or 
archil, a species of lichen. See Archil. 

LIT'ORN. n. A bird, a species of thrush. 

LI'TO-TeS, 7i. [Gr. Xitott];.] In rhetoric, a diminution or 
softening of statement for the sake of avoiding censure, oi 
of expressing more strongly what is intended"; as, " a cit 
jzen of no mean city," i. e., an illustrious one. 
, Ll-TRAM'E-TER, n. An instrument invented by Dr. Hare 
to ascertain the specific gravity of liquids. 

LITTER, n. [Ft. litiere.] 1. A Vehicle formed with shafts 
supporting a bed between them, in which a person may 
be borne by men or by a horse. 2. Straw, hay, or other 
soft substance, used as a bed for horses and for other pur- 
poses. 3. [Ice. lider.] A brood of young pigs, kittens, 
puppies, or other quadrupeds. 4. A birth of pigs or other 
small animals. 5. Waste matters, shreds, fragments, and 
the like, scattered on a floor or other clean place. 
| UTTER, v. t. 1. To bring forth young, as swine and other 
small quadrupeds. 2. To scatter over carelessly with 
shreds, fragments, and the like. 3. To cover with straw 
or hav. 4." To supply with litter. 

LITTERED, pp. 1. Furnished with straw. 2. c Covored 
or overspread with litter. 

LITTER-LXG. ppr. 1. Furnishing with straw. 2. Cover- 
ing with shreds, pieces, &c. 

LITTLE, a. ; comp. less, lesser ; sup. least. [Sax. lytel, lytle ; 
Scot, lite, lyte.] 1. Small in size or extent ; not great or 
large ; diminutive. 2. Short in duration. 3. Small in 
quantity or amount 4. Of small dignity, power, or im- 
portance. 5. Of small force or effect ; slight ; inconsid 
erable. 

LITTLE, 7i. 1. A small quantity or amount 2. A small 
space. 3. Any thing small, slight, or of inconsiderable im 
portance. 4. Not much. 



DoVE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Yl"CIOUS.— € asK; GasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THaain this, t Obsolete. 



L1V 



602 



LOA 



LITTLE, adv. 1. In a small degree ; slightly. 2. Not much ; 
in a small quantity or space of time. 3. In some degree ; 
slightly ; sometimes preceded by a. 

LITTLE-Go, n. In the English universities, a cant name 
for a public examination about the middle of the course, 
which, being less strict and less important in its conse- 
quences than the final examination, has received this ap- 
pellation. — Lyell. 

UTTLE-NESS, n. 1. Smallness of size or bulk. 2. Mean- 
ness ; want of grandeur. 3. Want of dignity. 4. Mean- 
ness ; penuriousness. 

LITTO-RAL, a. [L. littoralis.] Belonging to a shore, as of 
the sea, or a great lake. 

LIT'U-lTE, n. A fossil allied to the ammonite. It is a 
chambered shell, straight, except at its smallest extremity, 
which is spiral. 

LI-TUR6IC, ? „ , . . . ... 

LI-TUR'GI€-AL. \ a - Pertaulin S to a lltur §7- 

LITUR-6Y, n. [Fr. liturgie ; Sp., It. liturgia.] In a general 
sense, the established formulas for public worship, or the 
entire ritual for public worship in those churches which 
use written forms. — In a restricted sense, among Roman 
Catholics, the mass ; and in the English Church, the com- 
munion service. — Murdoch. 

LIVE (liv), v. i. [Sax. liban, leqfan, lifian ; Goth, liban.] 1. 
To abide ; to dwell ; to have settled residence in any place. 
— 2. Figuratively, to continue ; to be permanent ; not to 
perish. 3. To be animated ; to have the vital principle, as 
animals. 4. To have the principles of vegetable life. 5. 
To pass life or time in a particular manner, with regard to 
habits or condition. 6. To continue in life ; as, the way to 
live long is to be temperate. 7. To live, emphatically ; to 
enjoy life ; to be in a state of happiness. 8. To feed ; to 
subsist ; to be nourished and supported in life ; as, to live 
on herbs. 9. To subsist ; to be maintained in life ; to be 
supported, as by one's labor. 10. To remain undestroyed ; 
to float ; not to sink or founder, as a ship. 11. To exist ; 
to have being. — 12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death, 
temp oral or spiritual. 13. To recover from sickness ; to 
have life prolonged. — John, iv. 14. To be inwardly quick- 
ened, nourished, and actuated by divine influence or faith. 
-Gal., ii. 15. To be greatly refreshed, comforted, and 
animated. 16. To appear as in life or reality ; to be man- 
ifest in real character. — To live with. 1. To dwell or to 
be a lodger with. 2. To cohabit ; to have intercourse, as 
male and female. — Shah. 

LIVE (liv), v. t. 1. To continue in, constantly or habitually, 
as a life of luxury. 2. To act habitually in conformity to ; 
as, to live one's prayers. Parker. — To live down, to put 
down by one's manner of living, as slander. — Burke. 

LIVE, a. 1. Having life ; having respiration and other or- 
ganic functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate ; 
not dead. 2. Having vegetable life. 3. Containing fire ; 
ignited ; not extinct. 4. Vivid, as color. 

LIVE'-Fe ATH'ERS (-fefh'erz), n. pi. Feathers which have 
been plucked from the living fowl, and are therefore more 
strong and elastic. 

LlVE'-oAK, n. A species of oak (Quercus virens), very du- 
rable, and highly esteemed for ship-timber. 

LIV.E D, pret. and pp. of live. 

LlVE D, a. Having a fife ; as, long lived. 

t LlVE'LESS. See Lifeless. 

LlVE'LI-HOOD, n. [lively and hood.] Means of living.— 
Syn. Maintenance ; support ; subsistence ; sustenance. 

LIVE'LI-LY. See Lively. 

LlVE'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being lively or 
animated ; sprightliness ; vivacity ; animation ; spirit. 2. 
An appearance of life, animation, or spirit. 3. Briskness ; 
activity ; effervescence, as of liquors. 

f LlVE'LODE. for livelihood.— Hubberd's Tale. 

LtVE'LONG (hvlong), a. [live and long.] 1. Long in pass- 
ing. 2. Lasting ; durable ; [obs.] 3. n. A plant of the 
_genus sedum. 

LlVE'LY, a. 1. Characterized by life, vigor, activity, or an- 
imation ; as, lively persons, scenes, conversation, faith. 2. 
Representing life ; as, a lively picture. — Syn. Brisk ; vig- 
orous ; quick ; nimble ; smart ; active ; alert ; sprightly ; 
animated ; spirited ; prompt ; strong ; energetic ; vivid ; 
vivacious ; blithe ; gleeful ; airy ; gay ; jocund. 

LlVE'LY, adv. 1. Briskly; vigorously. — Hayward ; [rare.] 
2. With strong resemblance of life. — Dryden ; [rare.] 

LIVER, n. One who lives. — Prior. 

LIVER, n. [Sax. lifer, lifre.] A glandular viscus or part of 
the body lying under the false ribs on the right side. It is 
of considerable size and of a reddish color, and serves to 
secrete the bile. 

_JVER-€6L-OR, a. Dark red ; of the color of the liver. 

LIVER-GRoWN, a. Having a large liver.— Graunt. 

LIVER-SToNE, n. [G. leber-stein] A gray or brown spe- 
cies of barytes. 

LIVER.ED, a. Having a liver ; as, white-livered. 

LIVER-IjED (liv'er-id), a. Wearing a livery, as servants. 

LIVER-W6RT, n. The name of many species of plants. 



It has been applied to a natural order of flowerless plants 
(hepatica), allied to mosses and lichens; also to the he- 
patica tribba, an herb sometimes used in pulmonary com- 
plaints. 

LI VER-Y, n. [Norm. ; Fr. livrer.] 1. The act of delivering 
possession of lands or tenements, called livery of seisin ; 
[a term of English law.] 2. Release from wardship; de- 
liverance. 3. The writ by which possession is obtained. 
4. The state of being kept at a certain rate. 5. A form ol 
dress by which noblemen and gentlemen distinguish their 
servants. 6. A particular dress or garb, appropriate or 
peculiar to particular persons or things. Thus, the trades 
in London have their distinct liveries. Hence the term is 
figuratively applied to the seasons, &c. ; as, the livery oi 
spring. 7. The whole body of liverymen in London. 

LIVER- Y, v. t._ To clothe in livery.— Shak. 

LIVER- Y-STa'BLE, n. A stable where horses are kept for 
hire. 

LIVER- Y-MAN, n. 1. One who wears a livery, as a serv- 
ant. — 2. In London, a freeman, who, having paid certain 
fees, is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or livery 
of the company to which he belongs, and also to certain 
other privileges, viz., the right of voting in an election for 
Jord-mayor, sheriffs, chamberlains, &c. — P. Cyc. 

LIVES, n. ; pi. of Life. 

LlVE'STOCK, n. Horses, cattle, and smaller domestic an- 
imals ; [a term applied in America to such animals as may 
be exported alive for foreign market.] 

LIVID, a. [Fr. livide ; L. lividus.] Black and blue ; of ? 
lead color ; discolored, as flesh by contusion. 

I I VID'I TY ) 

LI V'ID-NESS \ n ' A dark co l° r ' like tnat of hruised flesh. 

LIVING, ppr. 1. Dwelling; residing; existing; subsisting; 
having life, or the vital functions in operation ; not dead. 
2. a. Issuing continually from the earth ; running ; flow- 
ing. 3. a. Producing action, animation, and vigor ; quick- 
ening. — Living rock, rock in its native or original state or 
location ; as, seats cut in the living rock, i. e., solid rock. 

LIVING, n. He or those who are alive ; usually with a 
plural signification. 

LIVING, n. 1. Means of subsistence ; estate. 2. Power Oj 
continuing life. 3. Livelihood. 4. The benefice of a cler 
gyman. 

LI VING-LY, adv. In a living state. — Brown. 

LI-VON'I-CA TERRA, n. A species of fine bole or clay, 
found in Livonia. 

LIV-RaI-SON' (iiv-ra-zongO, n. [Fr. ; Eng. delivery, from 
livrer, to deliver.] A part of a book or literary composi- 
tion printed and delivered from time to time, as the work 
_advances. 

Ll'VRE (li'vurorle'vur), n. [Fr. ; L.libra.] A French mon- 
ey of account, equal to 20 sous, 18J cents, or nearly 1C 
pence sterling. 

LIX-IVI-AL, la. [L. lixivius.] 1. Obtained by lixiviation • 

LIX-IVI-OUS, 3 impregnated with alkaline salt obtained 
from wood ashes. 2. Containing salt extracted from the 
ashes of wood. 3. Of the color of lye; resembling lye. 4. 
Having the qualities of alkaline salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-I VI-ATE, ? a. 1. Pertaining to lye or lixivium ; of the 

LIX-IV1-A-TED, > quality of alkaline salts. 2. Impreg- 
nated with salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-IVI-aTE, v. t. [L. lixivia, lixivium.] To form lye; to 
impregnate with salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-I VI- a-TING, ppr. Extracting alkaline salts by leach- 
ing ashes ; forming lye. 

LIX-IV-I-a'TION, n. The process of extracting alkaline 
salts from ashes by pouring water on them. 

LIX-IVI-UM, n. [L.j Lye ; water impregnated with alka- 
line salts imbibed from wood ashes. 

LIZ'ARD, n. [Fr. lezarde ; L. lacertus.] ' 1. In zoology, in its 
widest sense, the name of saurian reptiles generally, being 
6uch as are covered with scales and have their bodies 
supported by two or four legs, comprehending the alliga- 
tor, chameleon, &c. — 2. In a narrower sense, the genus la- 
certa, embracing small animals of the saurian kind. 

LIZ'ARD-TaIL, n. An aquatic plant of the genus saururus. 

LL. D. Letters standing for Doctor of Laws, the title of ah 
honorary degree. 

LLOYD'S, > n. A part of the Royal Exchange in 

LLOYD'S-ROOMS, > London, appropriated to the use of 
underwriters and insurance brokers. Lloyd's Coffee- 
house was the original place of meeting, and hence the 
name. 

LO, exclam. [Sax. la.] Look ; see ; behold ; observe. 

Lo ACH, > n. [Fr. loche.] A small fish of the genus cobitis, 

LoCHE, > inhabiting small, clear streams. 

LoAD, n. [Sax. Mad, or lade.] 1. That which is laid on ot 
put in any thing for conveyance. 2. A large quantity 
borne or sustained ; as, a load of flesh. 3. That which is 
borne with pain or difficulty ; as, the load of life. 4. Op- 
pression or violence of blows. 5. A quantity of food or 
drink that oppresses, or as much as can be borne. — 6. 
Among miners, the quantity of nine dishes of ore, each 



-fiv: 



A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E : I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



LOB 



603 



LCK, 



dish bemg about half a hundred weight. — Syn. Weight ; 
burden ; pressure ; encumbrance ; freight ; cargo ; lad- 
ing. 

LoAD, v. t. ; pret. and pp. loaded ; [loaden, formerly used, is 
obsolete.] 1. To lay on a burden ; to put on or in some- 
thing to be carried, or as much as can be earned. 2. To 
encumber ; to lay on or put in that which is borne with 
pain or difficulty. 3. To make heavy by something added 
or appended. 4. To bestow or confer on in great abund- 
ance as, to load one with favors. 

LoAD'ED, pp. or a. 1. Charged with a load or cargo ; hav- 
ing a burden. 2. Burdened with any thing oppressive. 

LoAD'ER, n. One who puts on a load. 

L5ADTNG, ppr. Charging with a load ; burdening ; encum- 
bering ; charging, as a gun. 

LoAD'ING, n. A cargo ; a burden ; also, any thing that 
makes part of a load. 

f LoAD'MAN- AGE, n. Pilotage ; skill of a pilot. 

t LoADS'MAN, n. [load and man.] A pilot. 

\ LoAD'STaR, ) n. [lead and star.) The star that leads ; the 

tLoDE'STAR, 5 polestar; the cynosure. 

LOAD'SToNE, n. [from the verb lead and stone. The old 
orthography, lodestone, would be preferable, since the word 
has no connection with the verb to load.] The native 
magnet, an ore of iron in the lowest state of oxydation, 
which has the power of attracting metallic iron. See 
Lodestone. 

LoAF, n. ; pi. Loaves. [Sax. hlaf, or laf.] 1. A mass of 
bread when baked. 2. A mass or lump, as of sugar. 3. 
Any thick mass. 

LoAF'-SU G-AR (lofe'-shug-ar), n. Sugar refined and formed 
into a conical mass. 

LoAF'ER, n. [G. laufer, a runner, from laufen, to run.] An 
idle man ; a vagrant ; one who seeks his living by spong- 
ing or expedients. 

L5AFTNG, a. Pertaining to a loafer ; having the character 
or acting the part of a loafer. 

LQAM (lome), n. [Sax Jam ; D. leem.] A natural mixture of 
sand and clay with oxyd of iron ; a species of earth or 
soil of different colors. 

LoAM, v. t. To cover with loam. — Moxon. 

L5AM.ED, pp. Covered with loam. 

LoAM'ING, ppr. Covering with loam. 

LoAM'Y, a. Consisting of loam ; partaking of the nature of 
loam, or resembling it. 

L5AN (lone), n. [Sax. Ian, Man.] 1. The act of lending ; a 
lending. 2. That which is lent. 3. Something furnished 
for temporary use, on the condition that it shall be return- 
ed, or its equivalent, but with a compensation for the use. 
4. A furnishing ; permission to use ; grant of the use. 

L5AN, v. t. [Sax. lanan ; G. lehnen.) To lend; to deliver to 
another for temporary use ; or to deliver for temporary 
use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be re- 
turned, with a compensation for the use, as in the case of 
money at interest. — Ramsay. — Kent. [Rare in England.] 

LoAN'-OF-FlCE, n. In America, a public office in which 
loans of money are negotiated for the public. 

LoAN'-OF-FI-CER, n. A public officer empowered to su- 
perintend and transact the business of a loan-office. 

LoATH, a. [Sax. lath, lathian. See Loth.] Disliking ; un- 
willing; reluctant. 

LoATHE, v. t. To hate ; to look on with hatred or abhor- 
rence ; particularly, to feel disgust at food or drink. 

LoATH'ER, n. One who loathes. 

LoATH'FU L, a. 1. Hating ; abhorring through disgust. 2. 
Abhorred ; hated. — Spenser. 

LOATHING, ppr. Hating from disgust ; abhorring. 

LoATH'ING-LY, adv. In a fastidious manner. 

LoATH'LI-NESS, n. The quality of exciting disgust or ab- 
horrence. 

f LoATH'LY, a. Hateful ; exciting hatred. — Spenser. 

LoATH'LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly. See Lothly. 

LOATHNESS, n. Unwillingness; reluctance. See Loth- 
ness. 

LoATH'SOME (lofh'sum), a. 1. Disgusting ; exciting dis- 
gust. 2. Hateful ; abhorred ; detestable. 3. Causing fas- 
tidiousness. 

LOATH'SOME-LY, adv. In a loathsome manner. 

LOATH'SOME-NESS, n. The quality which excites disgust, 
hatred, or abhorrence. — Addison. 

LOAVES (lovz), n. ; pi. of Loaf. 

LOB, n. [W. Hob.] 1. A dull, heavy, sluggish person. 2. 
Something thick and heavy. — Walton. 

LOB, v. t. To let fall heavily or lazily. — Shak. 

LO'BATE, \a. Consisting of lobes. — In botany, divided to 

L5BJSD, > tae middle into parts distant from each other, 
with convex margins. — Martyn. 

LOB'BY, n. 1. An opening before a room, or an entrance 
into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable 
space between that and the portico or vestibule. 2. A small 
hall or waiting-room. 3. A small apartment taken from a 
hall or entry. — In a ship, an apartment close before the 
captain's cabin. — 5. In agriculture, a confined place for 



cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing near tha 
farm-yard. 

LOB'BY-MEM-BER, n. A person who frequents the lobby 
of a house of legislation. 

LOB'COCK, n. A sluggish, stupid, inactive person ; a lob. 

LoBE, n. [Fr. lobe.] 1. A part or division of the lungs, liv- 
er, &c. 2. The lower, soft part of the ear. 3. A division 
of a simple leaf. 4. The cotyledon or placenta of a seed. 

LoB.ED, a. Lobate, which see. 

LO-BeL'IA, n. [from M. Lobel.] A genus of plants embrac- 
ing the Indian tobacco, a North American annual, whoso 
leaves contain a poisonous, white, viscid juice, of an acrid 
taste. It is often used in medicine. 

LOB'LOL-LY, n. A seaman's name for water-gruel, or spoon 
meat. — Smart. 

LOB'LOL-LY-BaY, n. The popular name of an elegant or- 
namental evergreen tree of the maritime parts of the 
southern United States. Its bark is used in tanning. 

LOB'LOL-LY-BOY, n. A surgeon's attendant on shipboard. 

LOB'LOL-LY-TREE, n. A West Indian tree, about 30 feet 
high, whose fruit is sometimes eaten. 

LOB'SCOUSE, n. Among seamen, a hash of meat with veg- 
etables of various kinds ; an olio. — Glynn. 

LOBS'POUND, n. A prison.— Hudibras. 

LOB'STER n. [Sax. loppestre, or lopystre.] A well-known 
crustacean, much esteemed for food. It is of a red color 
after being boiled. 

LOB'ULE, n. [Sp. lobulo.] A small lobe. 

Lo'CAL, a. [Fr., Sp. local ; L. localis.] 1. Pertaining to a 
place, or to a fixed or limited portion of space. 2. Limit- 
ed or confined to a spot, place, or definite district. — 3. In 
law, local actions are such as must be brought in a partic- 
ular county where the cause arises. 

Lo'CAL-ISM, n. The state of being local ; affection for a 
place. 

LO-CAL'I-TY, n. 1. Existence in a place, or in a certain 
portion of space. 2. Limitation to a county, district, or 
place. 3. Position ; situation ; place ; particularly, geo- 
graphical place or situation. 

Lo'CAL-IZE, v. t. To make local. 

LO-CAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of localizing. 

Lo'GAL-LY, adv. With respect to place ; in place. 

Lo'CaTE, v. t. [L. loco, locatus.] 1. To place ; to set in a 
particular spot or position. — Cumberland. 2. To select, 
survey, and settle the bounds of a particular tract of land; 
or to designate a portion of land by limits. [ United States.] 
3. To designate and determine the place of. [N '. England.] 

LO'Ca-TED, pp. Placed ; situated ; fixed in place. 

Lo'Ca-TING, ppr. Placing ; designating the place of. 

LO-CX'TION, n. 1. The act of placing,'or of designating the 
place of. 2. Situation with respect to place. 3. That which 
is located; a tract of land designated in place. [United 
States.] — 4. In the civil law, a leasing on rent. 

LOCH (lok), n. [Gaelic] A lake ; a bay or arm of the sea; 
[used in Scotland.] 

LOCH, n. Loch, or lohoch, is an Arabian name for the forms 
of medicines called eclegmas, lambatives, tinctures, and the 
like. _ 

LO-€Ha'BER-AX, n. A formidable weapon of war former- 
ly used by the Scotch Highlanders. 

LOCHAGE, n. [Gr. ^oxayos-] In Greece, an officer who 
commanded a band or cohort. — Mitford. 

LoCHE. See Loach. 

LO-€HlA, n. [Gr. \oxsta-] A name given to the evacua- 
tions which follow childbirth. 

L6'CHI-AL, a. Pertaining to evacuations from the womb 
after childbirth. 

LOCK, n. [Sax. loc, or loce.] 1. An instrument used to fas- 
ten doors, chests, and the like. 2. The part of a musket or 
fowling-piece, or other fire-arm, by which fire is produced 
for the discharge of the piece. 3. A barrier to confine the 
water of a stream or canal, called, also, a weir, or guard- 
lock. 4. An inclosure in a canal, with gates at each end, 
used in raising or lowering boats as they pass from one 
level to another ; called, also, a lift-lock. 5. A grapple in 
wrestling. 6. Any inclosure. 7. A tuft of hair ; a plexus of 
wool, hay, or other like substance ; a flock ; a ringlet of hair. 

LOCK'-JAW, n. See Locked-jaw, below. 

LOCK'-KEEP-ER, n. One who attends the locks of a canal. 

LOCK'-PAD-DLE, n. A small sluice that serves to fill and 
empty a lock. 

LOCK'-SILL, n. An angular piece of timber at the bottom 
of a lock, against which the gates shut. 

LOCK-UP, n. A private place where bailiffs temporarily 
confine persons under arrest. [Eng.] 

LOCK- WEIR, n. 1. In canals, an opening above the upper 
gate of a lock, through which the waste water from above 
flows into the lock below. 2. A weir having a lock. 

LOCK, v. t. 1. To fasten with a lock, as a door. 2. To fasten 
so as to impede morion, as wheels. — 3. To shut up or 
confine, as with a lock ; as, locked up in jail. 4. To close 
fast ; as, locked in death. 5. To encircle or inclose ; to 
embrace closely. 6. To furnish with locks, as a canal. 7. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cl [ as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



i . :- 




LON 



605 



LO.N 



LO-GOG'RA-rHV. n. [Gr. Xoyoj and }j3<*>7?.] A method 
of printing in which a type represents a word, instead of 
forming a letter. 

fLOGO-GlllPH Oog/o-grif), n. [Gr. Xo) eS and ■} pi frog.] A 
sort of riddle. — Ben Jonson. 

LO-GOM A-CHIST (lo-gom'a-kist), n. One -who contends 
about words. — E. T. Filch. 

LO-GOM A-CHY (lo-gom'a-ke), n. [Gr. \oj os and naxn-] 
Contention in words merely, or, rather, a cor: 
about words ; a war of words. — Howell. 

LOG-O-METRIC. a. [Gr. \ yoS and pzrfeut.} A logo-metric 
scale is intended to measure or ascertain chemical equiv- 
alents. 

LOG'O-TfPE, n. [Gr. Xfj oj and tv-oS-] A name given to 
two or more letters cast in one piece ; as, JT, tf. &.c. — Francis. 

LOGWOOD. 72,. A tree and wood ; called also, Campcachy- 
wood. It is of a deep-red color internally, and is very ex- 
tensively used as a dye-wood. 

LoTIOCK., n. [At.] A medicine of a middle consistence 
between a soft electuary and a sirup. Sec L och. 

LOFMIC a. [Gr. Xofjuos.]" Relating to the plague or conta- 
gious disorders. — Brandt. 

LOIN. n. [Sax lend ; G., D. lendc.] The loins are the space 
on each side of the vertebra?, between the lowest ol the 
false ribs and the upper portion of the ossa ilium, or haunch 
bones, or the lateral portions of the lumbar region ; called, 
also, the reins. 

LOITER, r. i. [D. leutcrcn.] To be slow in moving : to be 
dilatory ; to spend time idly. — Srx. To linger ; delay ; lag ; 
saunter; tarry. 

LOITER.ED, pp. Lingered; delayed; moved slowly. 

LOITER-ER. n. A lingerer : one who delays, or is slow in 
motion ; an idler ; one who is sluggish or dilatory. 

LOITER-IN G, ppr. or a. Lingering ; delaying ; moving 
elowlv. 

LOITER-LNG, n. A lingering or delay. 

LOITER-IN G-LY, adr. "In a loitering manner. 

LoKE, n. [qu. Ir. loch.] 1. In the Scandinavian mythology, 
the evil deity. 2. A close, narrow lane ; [local] 

LOLL, r. i. [Dan. lallcr ; G. lallen.] 1. To recline ; to lean : 
properly, to throw one's self down : hence, to he at ease. 
2. To suffer the tongue to hang extended from the mouth, 
as an os or a dog when heated with labor or exertion. 

LOLL, r. t. To thrust out. as the tongue. — I>ryden. 

LOL'LARD. 72,. [qu. G. lallen, lollcn, to prate or to sing.] A 
term applied to a sect of early Reformers in Germany, 
and also to the followers of Wickliffe in England. 

LOL'LARD-Y, 72.. The doctrines of the Lollards. 

LOL'LER.. n. A less usual name for Lollard, which see. 

LOLLING, ppr. Throwing down or out ; reclining at ease ; 
thrustine out the tongue. 

LOLTI-POP, 72,. The vulgar name for a kind of sugar con- 
fectionery, which dissolves easily in the mouth. — Dickens. 
-Smart. 

LOLTOP, t. i. To move heavily ; to lounge. — Smart. [Low.] 

LOMTARD, 72. A native of Lombardy ; a money-lender or 
banker, which profession was first exercised in London 
bv the Lombards. — Smart. 

LOMBARD-HOUSE, \n. A public institution for lending 

LOM'BARD, j money to the poor, at a moderate 

interest, upon articles deposited and pledged ; called, also, 
Mont de Piete. — Encyc. Am. 

LOM-BaRD1€, a. Pertaining to the Lombards. 

Lo'MENT, 7i. [L. lomcntum.] An elongated pericarp, which 
never bursts. It resembles the legume, but is divided into 
small cells, each of which contains a 6eed attached to the 
under suture. 

LO-MEN-Ta'OEOUS (-ta shus), a. [L. lomentum.] Furnished 
with a loment 

LOM'0-NrTE, 7?.. Laumonite. or di-prismatic zeolite. 

L6MP, 72.. A kind of roundish fish. — Johnson. 

L6N'DON-ER (hin'don-), 72,. A native of London ; an inhab- 
itant of London. 

L6NT)0N-1SM (lun'don-), n. A mode of speaking peculiar to 
London.— Pcggc. 

L6NT)ON-lZE, r. t. To give a manner or character which 
distinguishes the people of London.— Smart. 

LoNE, a. [Dan. tin.] 1. Solitary ; retired ; unfrequented ; 
having no company. 2. Single: standing by itself: not 
having others in the neighborhood. 3. Single : unmarried, 
or in widowhood. 

LoNE. 72.. A lane. [Local] 

LoNE'LI-NESS, n. 1. Solitude ; retirement : seclusion from 
company. 2. Love of retirement : disposition to solitude. 
— ffl 
LoNETY, a. L At a distance from company or neighbors ; 
without society, as a dwelling or stranger. 2. Addicted 
to solitude or seclusion from company. — Svx. Solitary; 
lone ; lonesome ; retired ; unfrequented ; sequestered ; Be 
eluded. 
LoNE'NESS, 72. Solitude ; seclusion.— E 



LoNE'SoME, a._ Solitary . secluded from society. 

LoNE'SoME-LY, adr. In a dismal or lonesome n 

LoNE'SuME-NESS, n. The state of berns .ituds 

LONG, a. [Sax. long, long, and ler,g .- G. lanft: D., Dan. 
lang : L. longut ; It. luvgo : Ft. long.] l" Extended ; 
drawn out in a line, or in the direction ol lemrth ; opposed 
to short. 2. Drawn out or extended in time.' 3. Extend- 
ed to any certain measure expressed ; as. an inci. 
4. Dilatory : continuing for an extended time. 5. Tedious ; 
continued to a great let.- _. - fc Contin 

ued in a series to a great extent 7. Continued in sound , 
protracted. 6. Continued; ling- 1 
look. — Sidney. 9. Exten- 

or into futurity. — Long home, the grave, or deal. - 
cles.. xiL 

t LONG, 72.. Form-crly, a musical note equal to two breves, 
or four semibreves. 

LONG. adr. 1. To a great extent in space. 2. To ; 1 
extent in time. 3. At a point of duration far distant, either 
prior or posterior. 4. Through the whole extent or dura- 
tion of; as, one's life long. 

H.ONG, adr. [Sax. gelang.] By means of; by the fault 
of: owing to.— 

t LONG, r. i. To belong. — Chaun- — 

LONG, r. £. [Sax. langian.] 1. To desire earnestly or ea 
2. To hare a preternatural, craving appetite. 3 
To have an eager appetite. 

LONG'-BoAT. n. The largest and strongest boat belonging 
to a ship. — Mar. Diet. 

LONG'-BReATELLD (-bretht), a. Having the power of r*- 
tainine the breath for a lone time. 

LONG -BUR-LED (-ber-rid). a. Ha-rine been Ions buried. 

LONG-CON-CeALED. a. Ilavine been Ions concealed. 
I LONG-ES-TAB'LISHED (-es-tablisht), a. Having been es- 
1 tabhshed for a long time. 

LONG'-FANGED, a. Having lone fangs. — 5: 

LONG-FOR-GOTTEN, a. Forgotten a lone time. 

LONG'-Hf AD-ED. a. Havine a ereat extent of thoueht 
< LONG-LEGGED, n. Havine Ions: legs. 

LONG-LOST. a. Lost for a long time. 
I LONG'-LoVED, a. Being loved"a long time. — Coleridge. 
I LONG'-LlYED, a. Having a long life" or existence : hvim 
long ; lasting long. 

LONG'-MeAS'URE (-mezh'ur), n. Lineal measure; flu 
measure of leneth. 
! LONG-NECKED (-nekt), a. Having a long neck.— Buck 
land. 

LONG-NURSED (-nurst), a. Nursed a long time. — Moore 

LONG'-PaRT ED, a. Having been long separated. 

LONG-PRIMER, 7i. A printing type of a particu'. - 
between small pica and bourgeois. 

LONG'-PROMISED (-prom'ist), a. Having been long prom- 
ised. 

LONG-RUN, 7i. The whole course of things taken togeth- 
er : and hence, the ultimate result 

LONG-SETTLED, a. Havine been lone settled.— Feel. 

LONG -SHIFTED, a. Having a lone shaft— Dc Ca.ndoUc. 

LONG -SHANKED (-shankt), a. Havk..- s — Bwrum 

LONG'-SlGHT, 72, Lone-siehtedness.— -Goc.: 

LONG -SIGHTED, a. Able "to see at a great distance ; used, 
literally, of the eyes, and jhgurativcly~ of the mind or in- 
tellect _ 

LONG -SlGHTED-NESS, 72. 1. The faculty of seeing ob- 
j jects at a great distance. — 2. In medicine, presbyopy ; that 
defect of sight by which objects near at hand are seen con- 
fusedly, but at remoter distances distinctly. 

LONG-SPUN, a. Spun or extended to a great length.— Ad- 
dison. 

LONG'-STRETCH-LNG, a. Stretcbine fBX.—More. 

LONG-SUFFER-ANCE, 72.. Forbearance to punish : clem- 
ency: patience. — Com. Prayer. 
' LONG-SUFTER-ING, a. Bearing injuries or provocation 
i for a lone time ; patient ; not easily provoked. 

LONG-SUFTER-ING, n. Long endurance ; patience of of- 
fense. 

LONG-TILL, 72,. An animal, particularly a dog. having an 
uncut tail A long-tail was a gentleman's dog, or one 
qualified to hunt other dogs being required to bve then- 
tails cut Hence, cut and long-tail signified gentlefolks 
and others, as thev micht come. — Smart. 

LONG -T6NGUED "(-tuned), a. Rating; babbling.— Shak. 

LONG-WINDED, a. Long-breathed ; henc-e. tedious in 
speaking, areument or narration. 

LON"GA-NIM'I-TY. 72,. [L. looiganim-itas.] Forbearance; pa- 
tience : disposition to endure long unJ 

L6N&E. 72.. [Fr.] A thrust with a sword. Sec Lxtvge. 

LONGER. 72. One who longs for any thing. 

LON"GER (long'ger), a. [comp. of long.] "More long; of 
ere ate r length. 

LON' GEPu adr. For a greater duration. 

LON'tJEST (long'gesn. a. Of the ereate?t extent 

LON"GE?T. adr'. "For the greatest" continuance of time. 

L0N-6e'VAL, a. [L. krngus and arum.] Long-liTed. 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, YrCIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tl 2>. t ObsolOt. 



LOO 



606 



LOO 



LON-GEVI-TY, n. [L. longavitas.] Length or duration of 
life ; more generally, great length of life. 

LON-ge'VOUS, a. [L. longevous.] Living a long time ; of 
great age. 

LON'Gl-€ DRN, n. [L. longus and cornu.] A term applied 
to a tribe of insects, on account of the length of their an- 
tennas. — Brande. 

LON-GlM'A-NOUS, a. [L. longus and manus.] Having long 
hands. — Brown. 

LON-GlM'E-TRY, n. [L. longus, and Gr. fxerOov.] The art 
or practice of measuring distances or lengths. 

LONGING, ppr. or a. Earnestly desiring ; having a craving 
or preternatural appetite. 

LONGING, n. An eager desire ; a craving or preternatural 
appetite. 

LONG'ING-LY, adv. With eager wishes or appetite. 

LON-gIN'QUI-TY, n. [L. longinquitas.] Great distance. 

LON'Gl-PALP, n. [L. longus and palpus.] A term applied 
to a family of short-winged beetles, having long maxillary 
feelers. — Brande. 

LON-Gl-PEN'NATE, n. [L. longus and penn a.] A term ap- 
plied to a family of swimming birds with long wings, as 
the albatross, &c. — Brande. 

LON-Gl-ROS'TERS, n. pU [L. longus and rostrum.] A term 
applied to a tribe of wading birds, including snipes, &c, 
remarkable for the length of their beaks, with which they 
search in mud for worms or insects. — Brande. 

LON-Gl-ROSTRAL, a. Having a long bill ; applied to cer- 
tain birds, as the snipe. — Partington. 

LONG'ISH, a. Somewhat long ; moderately long. 

LON'Gl-TUDE, n. [L. longitudo.] 1. Properly, length ; [obs.] 
2. The distance of any place on the globe from another 
place, eastward or westward, measured on the equator ; 
or, the distance of any place from a given meridian, meas- 
ured on the equator. 3. The longitude of a heavenly body 
is its distance from the vernal equinox, or the beginning 
of Aries L reckoned on the ecliptic. 

LON-gI-Tu'DIN-AL, a, 1. Pertaining to longitude or length. 
2. Extending in length ; running lengthwise, as distin- 
guished from transverse or across. — Bailey. 

LON-gI-Tu'DIN-AL-LY, adv. In the direction of length. 

\ LONG'LY, adv. With longing desire.— Shak. 

LONG'NESS, n. Length. [Little used.] 

\ LONG'SOME, a. Extended in lenath ; tiresome ; tedious. 

LONGWAYS. A mistake for longwise. 

LONGWISE, adv. In the direction of length ; lengthwise. 
— Hakewill. [Little used.] 

t LoNTSH, a. Somewhat solitary. 

LOO, 7i. A game at cards. — Pope. 

LOO, v. t. To beat the opponents by winning every trick 
at the game. — Shak. 

LOO'BI-LY, adv. Like a looby; in an awkward, clumsy 
manner. — L' Estrange. 

LOO'BY, n. [W. llabi, Hob.] An awkward, clumsy fellow ; 
a lubber. 

LOOF, n. The after part of a ship's bow. 

LOOF. See Luff, which is the word used. 

tLOOFED (looft), a. [See Aloof.] Gone to a distance. 

LOOK, v. i. [Sax. locian.] 1. To direct the eye toward an 
object, with the intention of seeing it. 2: To see ; to have 
the sight or view of. 3. To direct the intellectual eye ; to 
apply the mind or understanding ; to consider ; to exam- 
ine. 4. To expect ; [little used.] 5. To take care ; to 
watch. 6. To be directed. 7. To seem ; to appear ; to 
have a particular appearance ; as, to look vigorous. 8. To 
have a particular direction or situation ; to face ; to front. 

To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions. 
— To look about one, to be on the watch; to be vigilant; 
to be circumspect or "guarded. — To look after. 1. To at- 
tend ; to take care of. 2. To expect ; to be in a state of 
expectation. 3. To seek; to search.— To look for. 1. To 
expect. 2. To seek; to search. — To look into, to inspect 
closely ; to observe narrowly ; to examine. — To look on. 
1. To regard ; to esteem. 2. To consider ; to view ; to 
conceive of; to think. 3. To be a mere spectator. — To 
look over, to examine one by one. — To overlook has a dif- 
ferent sense ; to pass over without seeing. — To look out, to 
be on the watch. — To look to, or unto. 1. To watch ; to 
take care of. 2. To resort to with confidence or expecta- 
tion of receiving something ; to expect to receive from. — 
To look through, to penetrate with the eye, or with the un- 
derstanding ; to see or understand perfectly. 

LOOK, v. t. 1. To seek; to search for. — Spenser ; [obs.] 2. 
To influence by looks or presence. Dryden. — To look out, 
to search for and discover. — To look in the face, to face or 
meet with boldness. — To look up a thing is to search for 
it and find it ; as, I do not know where the book is, I must 
look it up. 

LOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite attention. 

LOOK, n. 1. Cast of countenance ; air of the face. 2. The 
act of looking or seeing. 3. View ; watch.— Syn. Sight ; 
glance ; aspect ; appearance ; mien ; manner. 

LOOK'-OUT, n. 1. A careful looking or watching for any 



object or event. — Mar. Diet. 2. A small tower with Win- 
dows, on the roof of a house, for viewing the scenery 
around. 

LOOKED (loc-kt), pp. Searched for ; sought 

LOOK'ER, n. One who looks. — A looker on, a mere spec 
tator. 

LOOKING, n. Search or searching.— Looking for, expect 
ation. — Heb., x. 

LOOK'ING, ppr. Seeking. 

LOOKTNG-GLXSS, n. A glass which reflects the form ot 
the person who looks on it ; a mirror. 

LOOL, n. In metallurgy, a vessel used to receive the wash- 
ings of ores of metals. — Encyc. 

LOOM, n. [Sax. loma, geloma.] 1. In composition, heir-loom, 
in law, is a personal chattel that, by special custom, de- 
scends to an heir with the inheritance. 2. A frame in 
which a weaver works threads into cloth. — 3. [Dan. lorn, 
loom ; G. lohme.] A bird of the size of a goose. 4. That 
part of an oar which is within board. 

LOOM, v. i. [qu. Sax. leoman.] 1. To appear above the sur- 
face either of sea or land, or to appear larger than the real 
dimensions, and indistinctly. 2. To rise, and to be emi- 
nent; [in a moral sense.] 

LOOM'-GaLE, n. A gentle gale of wind. — Encyc. 

LOOM'ING, ppr. Appearing above the surface, or indis 
tinctly, at a distance. 

LOOM'ING, n. The indistinct and magnified appearance o 
objects seen in particular states of the atmosphere. — 
Brande. See Mie^ge. 

LOON, n. [Scot, loun, or loon.] 1. A sorry fellow ; a rogue ; 
a rascal. — Dryden. 2. [Ice. lunde.] A migratory water- 
fowl ; also called the great northern diver. 

LOOP, 72. [Ir. lubam.] 1. A folding or doubling of a string 
or a noose, through which a lace or cord may be run for 
fastening. 2. A small, narrow opening ; a loophole. Gwilt. 
— 3. In iron-works, the part of a row or block of cast iron 
melted off for the forge or hammer. 

LOOPED (loopt), a. Full of holes.— Shak. 

LOOP'ERS, n. pi. The larves of certain species of moths, 
which form a loop when crawling. — Partington. 

LOOP'HoLE, n. 1. A small opening in the walls of a forti- 
fication or in the bulk-head of a ship, through which small 
arms or other weapons are discharged at an enemy. 2 
A hole or aperture that gives a passage. 3. A passage for 
escape ; means of escape. — Dryden. 

LOOP'Ht>L.ED, a. Full of holes or openings for escape. 

LOOPING, n. [D. loopen.] In metallurgy, the running to- 
gether of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore 
is only heated for calcination. 

t LOORD, n. [D. leer ; Fr. lourd.] A dull, stupid fellow ; a 
drone. — Spenser. 

LOOSE, v. t. [Sax. lysan, alysan, leosan ; D. lossen, loozen ; 
G. lusen ; Dan. Idser.] 1. To untie or unbind ; to free from 
any fastening. 2. To relax. 3. To release from impris- 
onment ; to liberate ; to set at liberty. 4. To free from 
obligation. 5. To free from any thing that binds or shack- 
les. 6. To relieve ; to free from any thing burdensome 
or afflictive. 7. To disengage ; to detach, as one's grasp. 
8. To put off. 9. To open. 10. To remit ; to absolve. 

LOOSE, v. i. To set sail ; to leave a port or harbor. 

LOOSE, a. [Goth, laus; D. los, losse; G. los ; Dan. lus.] 1. 
Unbound ; untied ; unsewed ; not fastened or confined, as 
the leaves of a pamphlet. 2. Not tight or close, as clothes. 
3. Not crowded; not close or compact. 4. Not dense, 
close, or compact. 5. Not close; not concise; lax. 6. 
Not precise or exact ; vague ; indeterminate. 7. Not strict 
or rigid ; slack. 8. Unconnected ; rambling. 9. Of lax 
bowels. 10. Unengaged ; not attached or enslaved. 11. 
Disengaged ; free from obligation ; [Utile used.] 12. Wan- 
ton ; unrestrained in behavior ; dissolute ; unchaste ; li- 
centious. 13. Containing unchaste language. — To break 
loose, to escape from confinement ; to gain liberty by vio- 
lence. — To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement . 
to set at liberty. 

LOOSE, n. Freedom from restraint; liberty; as, to give 
loose. 

LOOSjED (loost), pp m Untied ; unbound ; freed from re- 
straint or costiveness. 

LOOSE'LY, adv. 1. Not fast; not firmly; that may be ^da- 
ily disengaged. 2. Without confinement 3. Without union 
or connection. 4. Irregularly ; not with the usual re- 
straints. 5. Negligently ; carelessly ; heedlessly. 6. Mean- 
ly; slightly.— Shak. 7. Wantonly; dissolutely; unchastely. 

LOOSEN (loos'n), v. t. [from loose.] 1. To free from tight- 
ness, tension, firmness, or fixedness. 2. To render less 
dense or compact. 3. To free from restraint. 4. To re- 
move costiveness from; to facilitate or increase alvine 
discharges. 

LOOS'EN, v. i. To become loose ; to become less tight 
firm or compact 

LOOSENED (loos'nd), pp. or a. Freed from tightness oi 
fixedness ; rendered loose. 

LOOSE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being loose or relaxed 



See Synopsis, a. K. I. &c, long.—S., E , I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK," 



LOR 



607 



LOT 



a state opposite to that of being tight, fast, fixed, or com- 

Eact. 2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness ; laxity ; 
ivity. 3. Irregularity ; habitual deviation from strict 
rules. 4. Habitual lewdness ; unchastity. 5. Flux from 
the bowels ; diarrhea. 
LOOS'iSN -1NG, ppr. Freeing from tightness, tension, or fix- 
edness ; rendering less compact. 
LOOSE'STRlFE (loos'strife), n% An herb once supposed 

to quiet restive oxen, as certain of the genus lysimachia. 
LOOSING, ppr. Setting free from confinement. 
LOP, v. t. 1. To cut oft", as the top or extreme part of any 
thing; to shorten by cutting oft" the extremities. 2. To 
cut oft", as exuberances ; to separate, as superfluous parts. 
3. To cut partly off, and bend down. 4. To let fall. 
LOP, n. That which is cut from trees. 
LOP, n. [Sax. loppe.} A flea. [Local] 
t LoPE, pret. of leap. [Sw.lbpa; D. loopen.] — Spenser. 
LoPE, n. [Sw. Ihpa ; D. loopen.] A leap; a long step. [A 

word in popular use in America.] 
LoPE, v. i. To leap ; to move or run with a long step, as a 

dog. 
LO-PHl'O-DON, n. [Gr. \ <pia and oSovs.] A fossil animal 
allied to the rhinoceros and tapir; so named from the 
eminence of its teeth. 
LoP'ING, ppr. Leaping ; moving or running with a long 

step. 
LOPPZD (lopt), pp. Cut off; shortened by cutting off the 

top or end ; bent down. 
LOP'PER, n. One who lops. 
LOP'PER, v. i. To turn sour and coagulate from too long 

standing, as milk. — Forby. 
LOPTERED, pp. or a. Turned sour and coagulated, as 

milk.— Forby. 
LOP'PING, ppr. Cutting off; shortening by cutting off the 

extremity ; letting fall. 
LOP'PING, n. That which is cut off. 

LOP'SiD-ED, a. Heavier on one side than the other. — 
Grose. [Though often spelled lapsided, this is the correct 
pronunciation.] 
LO-QUA'CIOUS(lo-kwa'shus),a. [L.loguax.] 1. Talkative ; 
garrulous ; given to continual talking. 2. Speaking ; noisy. 
3. Apt to blab and disclose secrets ; babbling. 
LO-QUa'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a loquacious manner. 
LO-QUI'CIOUS-NESS Go-kwa'shus-), ) n. [ L. loquacitas.] 
LO-QUAC'I-TY (lo-kwas'e-te), 5 The habit or prac- 

tice of talking continually or excessively. — Syn. Talkative- 
ness ; garrulity ; babbling. 
LORD, it. [Sax. hlaford.] 1. A master ; a person possess- 
ing supreme power and authority ; a ruler ; a governor. 
2. A tyrant; an oppressive ruler. 3. A husband. 4. A 
baron ; the proprietor of a manor. 5. A nobleman ; a 
dele of honor in Great Britain given to those who are 
a: tie by birth or creation ; a peer of the realm. 6. An 
noziorary title bestowed on certain official characters ; as, 
lord chancellor. — 7. In Scripture, the Supreme Being ; Je- 
hovah. — 8. [Gr. \opfios.] In ludicrous language, a hump- 
backed person. Smart. — Lord of misrule, one formerly 
chosen to preside over the sports and revels of a family 
during Christmas holidays. Strutt. — Lord lieutenant of 
Ireland, the representative of royalty in that country. — 
Lord lieutenant of a county is one deputed by the sover- 
eign to manage its military concerns. — Booth 
LORD, v. t. To invest with the dignity and privileges of a 

lord. 
LORD, v. i. To domineer ; to rule with arbitrary or des- 
potic sway ; generally followed by it or over. 
LORD'-LlKE, a. 1. Becoming a lord. 2. Haughty ; proud ; 

insolent. — Dry den. 
LORD'S SUP'PER, n. In the Christian Church, the sacra- 
ment of the eucharist. 
LORD'ING, n. A little lord ; a lord, [in contempt or ridicule.] 

—Swift. [Little used.] 
LORD'LI-NESS, n. 1. Dignity; high station. — Skak. 2. 

Pride ; haughtiness. — More. 
LORD'LING, 7i. A little or diminutive lord. — Swift. 
LORD'LY, a. 1. Becoming a lord ; pertaining to a lord. 2. 
With pride or arrogance. — Syn. Proud ; haughty ; impe- 
rious ; overbearing ; tyrannical : despotic ; domineering ; 
arrogant; insolent. 
LORD'LY, adv. Proudly; imperiously; despotically. 
LORD'SHIP, n. 1. The state or quality of being a lord ; 
hence, a title of honor given to noblemen. 2. A titulary 
compellation of judges and certain other persons in au- 
thority and office. 3. Dominion ; power ; authority. 4. 
Seigniory ; domain ; the territory of a lord over which he 
holds jurisdiction ; a manor. 
LoRE, 7i. [Sax. lar.] Learning ; doctrine ; instruction. 
LoRE, 7i. [L. lorum.] In ornithology, the space between 

the bill and the eye. — Brande. 
t LOR'EL, n. [Sax. leoran.] An abandoned 6coundrel ; a 

vagrant. — Chaucer. 
\ LoRES'MAN, 7i. An instructor. — Gower. 
LOR'I-CITE, v. t. [L. lorico, loricatus.] 1. To plate over 



to spread over, as a plate for defense. 2. To cover with 
a coating or crust, as a chemical vessel, for resisting fire. 

LOR'I-€a-TED, pp. Covered or plated over ; encrustcJ. 

LOR'I-€a-TING, ppr. Covering over with a coating or 
crust. 

LORI-€a'TION, n. The act or operation of covering any 
thing with a coating or crust for defense. 

tLOR'I-MER, n. [L. lorum; Fr. lormicr.] A maker of bits, 
spurs, and metal mountings for saddles and bridles ; hence, 
a saddler. — Smart. 

t LoR'ING, 7i. Instructive discourse. — Spenser. 

Lo'RI-OT, 7i. [Fr.] The golden oriole, (oriolus galbula ;) th« 
witwall. — P. Cyc. 

LOR'I-PED, n. A molluscan animal furnished with a short, 
double tube, and having its foot prolonged into a kind of 
cylindrical cord. — Cuvier. 

Lo'RIS, n. The popular name of several species of lemur 
in Ceylon and Java. They have a near affinity to the 
monkeys. 

LORN, a. [Sax., Dan. forloren. See Forlorn.] Lost ; for- 
saken ; lonely.— Spenser. 

Lo'RY, n. A name common to a subordinate genus of trop- 
ical birds of the parrot family, usually red. 

LoS'A-BLE, a. That may be lost.— Boyle. [Little used.] 

LOSAN6E. See Lozenge. 

LoSE (looz), v. t.; pret. and pp. lost. [Sax. losian, forlosian, 
forlysan.] 1. To mislay ; to part or be separated from a 
thing, so as to have no knowledge of the place where it is. 
2. To forfeit by unsuccessful contest. 3. Not to gain or 
win, as a victory. 4. To be deprived of. 5. To forfeit, as 
a penalty ; as. to lose one's rank. 6. To suffer diminution 
or waste of. 7. To ruin ; to destroy. 8. To wander from ; 
to miss, so as not to be able to find ; as, to lose one's road. 
9. To bewilder. 10. To possess no longer ; to be deprived 
of. 11. Not to employ or enjoy ; to waste, as time. 12. 
To waste ; to squander ; to throw away, as an estate. 13. 
To suffer to vanish from view or perception. 14. To ruin ; 
to destroy by shipwreck, &c. 15. To cause to perish. 16. 
To employ ineffectually ; to throw away ; to waste ; as, 
advice is lost on him. 17. To be freed from. 18. To fail 
to obtain. — To lose one's self, to be bewildered ; also, to 
slumber ; to have the memory and reason suspended. 

LoSE (looz), v. i. 1. To forfeit any thing in contest ; not to 
win. 2. To decline ; to fail. 

t LOS'EL, n. [from the root of loose.] A wasteful fellow , 
one who loses by sloth or neglect ; a worthless person.— 
Spenser. 

LOS'EL, a. Wasteful ; slothful.— Irv ing. 

t LOS'EN-6ER, n. [Sax. leas.] A deceiver. 

LoS'ER (looz'er), %- One who loses, or who is deprived of 
any thing by defeat, forfeiture, or the like. 

LoS'ING (looz'ing), ppr. 1. Parting from ; missing ; forfeit 
ing; wasting; employing to no good purpose. 2. a. Bring 
ing or causing loss. 

LoS'ING-LY, adv. In a losing manner. 

LOSS, 7i. 1. Deprivation of that which was once possessed 
2. Destruction ; ruin. 3. Failure to succeed ; defeat. 4» 
Waste ; useless application. 5. Waste by leakage or es- 
cape. — To bear a loss, to make good ; also, to sustain a loss 
without sinking under it. — To be at a loss, to be puzzled ; 
to be unable to determine ; to be in a state of uncertainty. 
— Syn. Privation ; detriment ; injury ; damage ; disad 
vantage. 

t LOSS'FUL. a. Detrimental— Bishop Hall. 

t LOSS'LESS, a. Free from loss.— Milton. 

LOST, pp. or a. [from lose.] 1. Mislaid, or left in a place 
unknown or forgotten ; that can not be found. 2. Ruined ; 
destroyed ; wasted or squandered ; employed to no good 
purpose. 3. Forfeited. 4. Not able to find the right way, 
or the place intended. 5. Bewildered ; perplexed ; being 
in a maze. 6. Alienated ; insensible ; hardened beyond 
sensibility or recovery. 7. Not perceptible to the senses ; 
not visible ; as, lost in the distance. 8. Shipwrecked or 
foundered ; sunk or destroyed, as vessels. 
LOT, n. [Sax. hlot, hlodd, Met, hlyt; D., Fr. lot; Sw. lott.] 
1. That which, in human speech, is called chance, hazard, 
fortune. 2. That by which the fate or portion of one is 
determined ; something which is used to decide what is aa 
yet undecided ; as, to cast lots. 3. The part, division, or 
fate which falls to one by chance, that is, by divine de- 
termination. 4. A distinct portion or parcel, as of mer- 
chandise. 5. Proportion or share of taxes. — 6. In the 
United States, a piece or division of land. Franklin. — To 
cast lots, is to use or throw a die, or some other instru- 
ment. — To draw lots, to determine an event by drawing 
one thing from a number whose marks are concealed 
from the drawer, and thus determining an event. 
LOT, v. t. To allot ; to assign ; to distribute ; to sort ; to 

catalogue ; to portion. — Prior. 
LoTE, 72, [L. lotus, lotos.] 1. The name of several plants, 
especially the thyphus lotus of Africa, a small shrub bear 
ing berries about the size of a sloe. 2. A little muddy fish, 
like an eel. — Cotgrave. 



D6VF ;— BULL, UNITE ;— A«"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G aa K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolet£ 



LOV 



608 



LOW 



LOTH, a. [Sax. lath ; Sw. led ; Dan. leede. I have follow- 
ed Milton, Dry den, Waller, Spenser, and Skakspeare in the 
orthography of this word. The verb loathe, likewise, with 
the derivatives, was originally spelled without the letter a, 
and this spelling would still be preferable.] 1. Literally, 
hating ; detesting ; hence, 2. Unwilling ; disliking ; not in- 
clined; reluctant. 

LoTION, n. [L. lotio.] 1. A washing ; particularly, a wash- 
ing of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair. 2. A 
liquid preparation for washing some part of the body to 
cleanse it of foulness or deformity. — 3. In pharmacy, a 
preparation of medicines, by washing them in some liquid, 
to remove foreign substances, impurities, &c. 

LOTTED, j»p. Allotted; assigned; sorted; portioned. 

LOTTER-Y, n. [Fr. loterie ; Sp. loteria.] 1. A scheme for 
the distribution of prizes by chance, or the distribution 
itself. 2. Allotment; [obs.] 

LOTTING, ppr. Assigning ; distributing ; sorting. 

LOTUS, n. [Gr. AwtoS.] A genus of leguminous plants. 
The ancients applied the name to an Egyptian water-plant 
[see Lotk], and to the several species of the genus lotus. 

LOUD, a. [Sax. hlud or lud.] 1. Having a great sound ; 
high-sounding : striking the ear with great force. 2. Ut- 
tering or making a great noise. 3. Making a great clam- 
or. 4. Emphatical; impressive ; as, a loud appeal. — Syn. 
Noisy ; boisterous ; vociferous ; clamorous ; obstreper- 
ous ; tumultuous ; turbulent ; blustering ; vehement. 

LOUD, adv. With loudness ; loudly. — Smart. 

LOUD'-LXUGH-ING (-laf -ing), a. Laughing loudly. 

LOUD'-VOICED (-voist), a. Having a loud voice.— Byron. 

LOUD'LY, adv. 1. With great sound or noise ; noisily. 2. 
Clamorously ; with vehement complaints or importunity. 

T OUD'NESS, n. 1. Great sound or noise. 2. Clamor ; 
clamorousness ; turbulence ; uproar. 

LOUGH (lok), n. [Ir.] A lake or arm of the sea ; a differ- 
ent orthography of the Scottish loch. 

LoU'IS DOR' (loo'e d6re'), n. [Fr. a Lewis of gold.] A 
gold coin of France, value, twenty shillings sterling, equal 
to about $4,44. 

LOUNGE, v. i. [Fr. longis.} 1. To spend time lazily. 2. 
To move idly about ; to stroll. 3. To recline at ease ; to 
loll. 

LOUNGE, n. 1. An idle gait or stroll. 2. The act of re- 
clining at ease. 3. A place for lounging. 

LOUNG'ER, ii. An idler ; one who loiters away his time in 
indolence. 

LOUNGING, ppr. or a. Passing the time in idleness ; re- 
clining at ease. 

LOUR. See Lower. 

LOUSE (lows), n.; pi. Lice. [Sax. lus; pi. lys.] A small, 
troublesome insect of the genus pediculus. Different spe- 
cies infest the bodies of men, animals, and plants. 

LOUSE (lowze), v. t. To clean from lice. — Swift. 

LOUSE'-WORT (lows'-wurt), n. An herb so named be- 
cause sheep were supposed to become lousy by feeding 
much on it. 

LOUS'I-L Y, adv. In a mean, paltry manner ; scurvily. {Low.] 

LOUS'I-NESS, n. The state of abounding with lice. 

LOUSY (low'ze), a. 1. Swarming with lice ; infesting with 
lice. 2. Mean ; low ; contemptible. — Shah. ; [vulgar.] 

LOUT, n. [qu. Sax. leod.] A mean, awkward fellow ; a 
bumpkin ; a clown. — Shak. 

f LOUT, v. i. [Sax. hlutan.] To bend ; to bow ; to stoop. — 
Spenser. — Ben Jonson. 

LOUTISH, a. Clownish ; rude ; awkward. — Sidney. 

LQUTTSH-LY, adv. Like a clown ; in a rude, clumsy, 
awkward manner. 

LOUTTSH-NESS, n. Clownishness.— Todd. 

) oU'VER (loo'ver), n. [Fr. Vouvert.] An opening in the 
roofs of ancient buildings for the escape of smoke or for 
ventilation, often in the form of a turret or small lantern. 
-A louver window, in church steeples, is an opening 
crossed by bars of wood to exclude rain, but allow the 
passage of sound from the bells. 

LoVA-BLE, a. Worthy of love ; amiable. — Sherwood. 

LOVAGE, n. An herb of the genus ligusticum, sometimes 
cultivated as a pot-herb. 

L6VE (luv), v. t. [Sax. lufian, luvian ; D. lieven ; G. lieben.] 
1. To be pleased with ; to regard with affection, on ac- 
count of some qualities which excite pleasing sensations 
or desire of gratification ; to have a strong, a tender, or a 
dutiful affection for. 2. To have benevolence or good- 
will for. 

L6VE (luv), v. i. To delight ; to take pleasure. — Smart. 

LOVE -(luv), n. 1. An affection of the mind excited by 
beauty and worth of any kind, or by the qualities of an 
object which communicate pleasure, sensual or intellect- 
ual. It is opposed to hatred,. Love between the sexes is 
a compound affection, consisting of esteem, benevolence, 
and animal desire. 2. Courtship ; chiefly in the phrase 
to make love, that is, to court ; to woo ; to solicit union in 
marriage. 3. Patriotism ; the attachment one has to his 
native land. 4. Benevolence ; good-will. 5. The object 



beloved. 6. A word of endearment. 7. Cupid, the god 
of love. 8. Lewdness. — Shak. 9. A thin, silk stuff ; \obs.\ 
— Love in idleness, a kind of violet. Shak. — Free of love, a 
plant of the genus cercis. Fam. of Plants. — Syn. Affec- 
tion ; friendship ; kindness ; tenderness ; fondness ; delight 

LOVE'-AP-PLE (luv'-ap-pl), n. The tomato, a fruit about 
the size of a small apple, containing a very agreeable acid, 
much used as food. 

LOVE -BRo-KER, n. A third person who acts as agent be- 
tween lovers. — Shak. 

LOVE'-CRAGK.ED (-krakt), a. Crazed with love. 

LOVE'-DART-ING, a. Darting love, as the eyes.— Milton. 

LOVE'-DIY (luv'-da), n. A day formerly appointed for an 
amicable adjustment of differences. — Chaucer. 

LOVE'-FI-VOR, n. Something given to be worn in token 
of love. — Bishop Hall. 

LOVE'-FeAST, n. A religious repast held quarterly by the 
Wcsleyan Methodists, in imitation of the agapa. of the 
early Christians. 

LOVE'-FeAT, n. The gallant act of a lover.— Shak. 

LOVE'-KILL-ING, a. Killing affection.— Baxter. 

LOVE'-KNOT (luv'-not), n. A knot so called, used as a 
token of love, or representing mutual affection. 

L0VE-LA-BOR.ED, a. Labored by love.— Milton. 

LOVE'-LaSS, n. A sweetheart. 

LOVE'-LET-TER, n. A letter professing love ; a letter of 
courtship. 

LOVE'-LlES-BLEED'ING, n. A species of amaranth. 

LOVE'-LINKED (luv'-linkt), a. Linked or connected by 
love. 

L0VE'-LO€K, n. A curl or lock of hair so called, worn by 
men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I 
Lily. 

LOVE'-LORN, a. Forsaken by one's love. — Milton. 

t L0VE'-M0N"GER, n. One who deals in affairs of love. 

LOVE'-PlNBD, a. Wasted by love.— Spenser. 

LOVE'-Se-CRET, n. A secret between lovers.— Dryden. 

LOVE'-SHXFT, n. Cupid's arrow.— Shak. 

LOVE-SICK, n. 1. Sick or languishing with love or am- 
orous desire. 2. Dictated by a languishing lover, or ex- 
pressive of languishing love. 

LOVE'-SICK-NESS, n. Languishing and amorous desire. 

LOVE'-SONG, n. A song expressing love.— Shak. 

LOVE'-SuIT, n. Courtship; solicitation of union in mar- 
riage. — Shak. 

LOVE'-TaLE, n. A narrative of love. — Addison. 

LOVE'-TAUGHT (luv'-tawt), a. Instructed by love. 

t LOVE'-THOUGHT Cuv'-fhawt), n. Amorous fancy. 

LOVE'-To-KEN, n. A present in token of love. — Shak. 

LOVE'-TOY, n. A small present from a lover. — Arbuthnot, 

LOVE'-TRIGK, n. Art or artifice expressive of love. 

LOVED (mvd), pp. or a. Having the affection of any one, 

LOVE'LESS, a. Void of love; void of tenderness. 

LOVE'LI-LY, adv. Amiably ; in a manner to excite love. 

LOVE'LI-NESS, n. Amiableness ; qualities of body or mind 
that may excite love. — Spectator. 

LOVE'LY (luvly). a. That may excite love; possessing 
qualities which may invite affection. — Syn. Amiable ; 
pleasing ; charming ; delectable ; delightful ; enchanting. 

LOVE'LY-FaC .ED (luvle-faste), a. Having a lovely face- 
Scott. 

LOVER (luVer), n. 1. One who loves ; one who has a ten 
der affection, particularly for a female. 2. A friend ; one 
who regards with kindness. 3. One who likes or is pleased 
with any thing; as, a lover of learning.— Syn. Suitor ; ad- 
mirer ; wooer ; delighter. 

LOOVER> eeLou ™ 

t LOVE'SOME (luv'sum), a. Lovely.— Dryden. 

LOVING (luv'ing), ppr. 1. Entertaining' a strong affection 
for ; having tender regard for. 2. a. Fond ; kind ; affec 
tionate ; amorous. 3. Expressing love or kindness. 

LOVING-KiND'NESS, n. Tender regard; mercy; favor 
[a Scriptural word.] — Ps. lxxxix. 

LO VING-LY, adv. With love ; affectionately. 

LOVING-NESS, n. Affection ; kind regard— Sidney. 

LOW, a. [D. laag; G. leg; Sw. lag; Sax. loh.] 1. Not high 
or elevated ; depressed below any given surface or place. 
2. Not rising to the usual height. 3. Declining near the 
horizon. 4. Deep ; descending far below the adjacent 
ground. 5. Sunk to the natural level of the ocean by the 
retiring of the tide. 6. Below the usual rate or amount, 
or below the ordinary value. 7. Not high or loud ; as, a 
low tone. 8. Grave ; depressed in the scale of sounds. 9. 
Near or not very distant from the equator. 10. Late in 
time; modern; as, the lower empire. — Johnson. 11. De 
jected ; depressed in vigor ; wanting strength or anima- 
tion. 12. Depressed in condition ; in a humble state. _• 13 
Humble in rank ; in a mean condition. 14. Mean ; abject ; 
groveling ; base. 15. Dishonorable ; mean ; as, a low prac- 
tice. 16. Not elevated or sublime ; not exalted in thought 
or diction ; as, a low expression. 17. Vulgar ; common. 
18. Submissive ; humble ; reverent. 19. Weak ; exhausted 



See Synopsis. A. E. I, &c, long.—X.. e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;-^MARlNE, BIRD :— MOVE, BQOK. 



LOW 



609 



LUC 



of vital energy. 20. Feeble ; weak ; without force. 21. 
Moderate ; not inflammatory. 22. Moderate ; not intense. 
23. Impoverished ; in reduced circumstances. 24. Mod- 
erate ; as, a low computation. 25. Plain ; simple ; not 
rich, high seasoned, or nourishing. 
I aW, adv. 1. Not aloft; not on high ; [often in composition.'] 
2. Under the usual price ; at a moderate price. 3. Near 
the ground. 4. In a mean condition ; as, tow-lived. 5. In 
time approaching our own. 6. With a depressed voice ; 
not loudly. 7. In a state of subjection, poverty, or dis- 
grace. — 8. In popular astronomy, having a great southern 
declination in the diurnal revolution ; as, the moon runs 
low , that is, appears far in the south. — Olmsted. 
LoW, v. t. To sink; to depress. — Wickliffe. 
LoW, v. i. [Sax. hleowan.] To bellow, as an ox or cow. 
LoW, n. Flame ; fire. — Smart. [Obs. or local.] 
LoW, > [Sax. hlaw, a hill.] A termination of names, as in 
LSWE. 5 BeA-low. 

LoW'-aRCHJSD (-archt), a. Having a low arch.— Scott. 
LoW'-BELL, n. [Sw. lagc ; Scot, lowe.] A kind of fowling 
in the night, in which the birds are wakened by a bell, 
and, by means of lights, are taken in nets. 
LoW'-BELL, v. t. To scare, as with a low-bell. 
LoW'-BORN, a. Born in low life. 

LoW'-BRED, a. Bred in a low condition or manner ; vulgar. 
LoW'-CHURCH, a. Not asserting exclusive episcopacy : 

opposed to high-church. 
LoW'-MlND-ED, a. Having or indicating a low mind or 

debased feeling ; base ; mean. 
Lo W'-MUT-TERM), a. Muttered with a low voice.— Elton. 
LoW'-PRESS-URE, a. See Steam-engine. 
LoW'-PRtCED (lo'-prist), a. Bearing a low price. 
LoW'-ROOF-ED (lo'-rooft), a. Having a low roof. 
LoW-SPlR'IT-ED, a. Not having animation and courage ; 

dejected ; depressed ; not lively or sprightly. 
LOW-SPiR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Dejection of mind or courage ; 

a state of low spirits. — Cheyne. 
LoW'-S UN-DAY, n. A popular name for the Sunday next 

after Easter. — Brande. 
LoW-THOUGHT'ED (-thawt-), a. Having the thoughts 
employed on low subjects ; not having elevated thoughts ; 
groveling. 
LoW- WATER, n. The lowest point of the ebb or reced- 
ing tide L 
LoW'-WiNES, n. pi. A weak liquor produced by the first 
distillation of fermented liquors or molasses ; the first run 
of the still. 
LoW'ER, v. t. 1. To cause to descend ; to let down ; to 
take or bring down. 2. To suffer to sink downward. 3. 
To bring down, as in rank or feelings. 4. To bring down, 
as value or amount. — Syn. To reduce ; lessen ; diminish ; 
humble ; humiliate ; abase ; degrade ; debase. 
LoW'ER, v. i. To fall ; to sink ; to grow less — Shale. 
LOW'ER, v. i. 1. To appear dark or gloomy , to be cloud- 
ed ; to threaten a storm. 2. To frown ; to look sullen. 
LOW'ER, n. 1. Cloudiness ; gloominess. 2. A frowning ; 

sullenness. — Sidney. 
LoW'ER, a._[comp. of low.] Less high or elevated. 
LoW'ER €aSE, n. Among printers, the case which con- 
tains the small letters. Hence, as an adjective, it denotes 
the small letters in distinction from capitals. 
LOWERED, pp. Caused to descend ; letdown; sunk. 
LoW'ER-ING, ppr. or a. Letting down ; sinking. 
LOW'ER-ING, ppr. or a. Appearing dark or threatening. 
LOW'ER-INGLY, adv. With cloudiness or threatening 

gloom. 
LoW'ER-MoST, a, [from low.] Lowest. 
LOW'ER- Y, a. Cloudy; gloomy. 
LOWEST, a. [superl. of low.] Most low; deepest; most 

depressed or degraded, &c. 
LoW'ING, ppr. or a. Bellowing, as an ox. 
LoW'ING, n. The bellowing or cry of cattle. 
LoW'LAND, n. Land which is low with respect to the 
neighboring country ; a low or level country ; as, the 
Lowlands of Scotland. 
1 LoW'LI-HOOD, n. A humble state.— Chaucer. 
LoW'LI-LY, adv. Humbly ; without pride ; meanly ; with- 
out dignity. 
LoW'LI-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from pride; humility; hum- 
bleness of mind. 2. Meanness ; want of dignity ; abject 
state ; [little used.] 
LOWLY, a. 1. Having a low esteem of one's own worth ; 
free from pride. 2. Wanting dignity or rank. 3. Not 
lofty or sublime; humble. 4. Not high; not elevated in 
place. — Syn. Modest; meek; mild; humble; low; mean. 
LoW'LY, adv. 1. Humbly ; meekly ; modestly. 2. Meanly ; 

in a low condition ; without grandeur or dignity. 
LOWN, n. [See Loon.] A low fellow ; a scoundrel. 
LoW'NESS, n. 1. The state of being low or depressed ; 
the state of being less elevated than something else. 2. 
Meanness of condition. 3. Meanness of mind or charac- 
ter ; want of dignity. 4. Want of sublimity hi style or 
sentiment. 5. Submissiveness. 6. Depression of mind ; 



want of courage or fortitude ; dejection. 7. Depression* 
in fortune ; a state of poverty. 8. Depression in strength 
or intensity. 9. Depression in price or worth. 10. Grave- 
ness of sound. 11. Softness of sound. 
LOX-O-DROM'IC, a. [Gr. Ao£o? and ipouos.] Pertaining to 
oblique sailing by the rhumb. — Loxodromic curve, a line 
which always makes an equal angle with every meridian ; 
the rhumb line. 
LOX-O-DROM'ICS, n. The act of oblique sailing by the 
rhumb, a fine which always makes an equal angle with 
every meridian. 
LOY'AL, a. [Fr. loyal.] Faithful to a prince or superior ; 
true to plighted faith, duty, or love ; not treacherous. 
[Used of subjects to their, prince, and of husband, wife, and 
lovers.] 
LOY'AL-IST, n. A person who adheres to his sovereign ; 
one who maintains his allegiance to his prince, and de 
fends his cause in times of revolt. 

LOY'AL-LY, adv. With fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or 
to a husband or lover. 

LOY'AL-TY, n. Fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or to a 
husband or lover. — Clarendon. 

LOZ'ENgE, n. [Fr. losange.] 1. A figure with four equal 
sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles ; a rhomb. 
— 2. In heraldry, see the first sense above. — 3. Amongjew- 
elers, lozenges are common to brilliants and rose diamonds. 
4. A form of medicine in small pieces, to be chewed or 
held in the mouth till melted. — 5. In confectionery, a smaH 
cake of sugar, &c, often medicated, originally in the form 
of a lozenge or rhomb, but now usually round. 

LOZ'ENgJSD, \a. Having the form of a lozengo 

LOZ'ENgE-SHaP.ED, 3 or rhomb. See Lozenge, No. 1. 

LOZ'ENO-Y, a. In heraldry, more usually written lozengee, 
divided lozenge-wise. 

LP, a contraction of lordship. 

LU. See Loo. 

f LUB'BARD. See Lubber. 

LUB'BER, n. [W. llabi, Hob.] A heavy, clumsy fellow ; a 
sturdy drone; a clown. — Tusser. 

LUB'BER-LY, a. Properly, tall and lank without activity ; 
hence, bulky and heavy ; clumsy ; lazy. 

LUB'BER-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly.— Dryden. 

Lu'BRIC, a. [L. lubricus.] 1. Having a smooth surface ; 
slippery. 2. Wavering ; unsteadj . 3. Lascivious ; wan- 
ton ; lewd. [A word little used.] 

LVJ'BRI-CANT, n. That which lubricates. 

Lu'BRI-CaTE, v. t. [L. lubrico.] To make smooth or slip- 
pery. Lubricitate is not used. 

Lc'BRI-Ca-TED, pp. or a. Made smooth and slippery. 

Lu'BRI-€ A-TING. ppr. or a. Rendering smooth and slippery. . 

Lu'BRI-€a-TOR, n. That which lubricates. 

LU-BRIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. lubricite.] 1. Smoothness of sur- 
face ; slipperiness. 2. Smoothness ; aptness to glide over ■ 
any thing, or to facilitate the motion of bodies in contact 
by diminishing friction. — 3. Figuratively, slipperiness ; in- 
stability. — L' Estrange. 4. Lasciviousness ; propensity to « 
lewdness ; lewdness ; lechery ; incontinency. — Dryden. 

Lf3'BRI-€OUS, a. [L. lubricus.] 1. Smooth; slippery. 2. 
Wavering ; unstable. — Glanville. 

LU-BRI-FAC'TION, n. The act of lubricating or making 
smooth. 

LU-BRI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. lubricus and facio.] The act or 
operation of making smooth and slippery. 

LU-€a'MA, n. A Chilian fruit, in size and flavor resembling • 
a peach. — Gardner. 

LuCE, n. A pike full grown. — Shalt. 

LtJ'CENT, a. [L. lucens.] Shining; bright; resplendent. 

Lu'CERN, n. A plant cultivated for fodder, a sort of grass. 

LU-CER'NAL-Ml'€RO-S€OPE, n. [L. lucerna and micro- 
scope.] A compound microscope, in which the object is 
illuminated by means of a lamp. — Francis. 

Lu'CID, a. [L. lucidus.] 1. Shining: glittering; bright, 
resplendent. 2. Clear; transparent; pellucid. 3. Bright 
with the radiance of intellect ; not darkened or confused 
by delirium or madness ; marked by the regular opera- 
tions of reason ; as, lucid moments. 4. Clear ; distinct 
presenting a clear view ; easily understood. 

f LU-CID'I-TY, n. Brightness. 

Lfj'CID-LY, adv. In a lucid manner ; clearly. 

Lu'CID-NESS, n. Brightness ; clearness. 

Lu'CI-FER, n. [L. lux, lucis.] 1. The planet Venus, so called 
from its brightness. 2. Satan. 

Lu'CI-FER, }n. A match tipped with some very 

Lu'CI-FER-MATCH, 5 combustible substance, as phos- 
phorus, chlorate of potash, <fcc, and ignited by friction. 

LU-CI-FE'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Lucifer, or to the Luci- 
ferians. 

LU-CI-Fe'RI-ANS, n. pi. The followers of Lucifer, bishop 
of Cagliari, in the fourth century, who violently opposed 
the Arinns. 

LU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucifer.] Giving light; affording.' 
light or means of discovery. — Boyle. 

LU-CIF'ER-OUS-LY, adv. So as to discover.— Broion. 



D6VE,— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; Q as J 
QQ 



as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsohte.. 



LUK 



610 



LUN 



LU CIF'I€, a. [L. lux and facio.] Producing light. 

',u'CI-FORM, a. [L. lux and forma.] Having"the form of 
light; resembling light. 

IjU-CIM'E-TER. n. A photometer, or instrument for meas- 
uring the intensity of light. 

LU€K, n. [D. luk, geluk ; G. gluck.] That which happens 
to a person ; an event, good or ill, affecting a man's inter- 
est or happiness, and which is deemed casual. — Syn. 
Chance; accident; hap; fortune. 

LU€K'-PEN-NY, n. In Scotland, a small sum given back to 
the buyer, by one who receives money under a contract 
or bargain. — Jamieson. 

LU€K'I-LY, adv. Fortunately; by good fortune; with a 
favorable issue ; [in a good sense.] 

LU€K'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being fortunate. 2. Good 
fortune ; a favorable issue or event. 

LUCKLESS, a. 1. Unfortunate ; meeting with ill success. 
2. Unfortunate ; producing ill or no good. — Dryden. 

LU€K'LESS-LY, adv. In a luckless manner ; unfortunately. 

LUGK'Y, a. 1. Meeting with good success; as, a lucky man. 

2. Producing good by chance ; as, a lucky hour. — Syn. 
Successful ; fortunate ; prosperous ; auspicious. 

LO'CRA-TlVE, a. [Fr. lucratif; L. lucrativus.] Gainful ; 
profitable ; making increase of money or goods. 

Lu'€RA-TlVE-LY, adv. In a lucrative manner ; profitably. 

Lu'€RE (lu'ker), n. [L. lucrum ; Fr. lucre.] Gain in money 
or goods ; profit ; emolument ; [usually in an ill sense, or 
with the sense of something base or unworthy.] 

t LfJ'CRE, v. i. To desire pecuniary advantage. — Anderson. 

LU-€RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucrum and fero.] Gainful; profit- 
able. — Boijle. [Little used.] 

\ LU-€RIF'I€, a. [L. lucrum and facio.] Producing profit ; 
gainful. 

LU€-Ta'TION, n. [L. luctatio.] Struggle ; contest ; effort 
to overcome in contest. [Little jised.] 

LUC'TU-AL, a. [L. luctus.] Producing grief. 

Lu'CU-BRaTE, v. i. [L. lucubro.] To study by candle-light 
or a lamp ; to study by night. 

LU-€U-BRa'TION, n. 1. Study by a lamp or by candle- 
light ; nocturnal study. 2. That which is composed by 
night ; that which is produced by meditation in retirement. 

Lu'CU-BRI-TO-RY, a. Composed by candle-light or by 
night. 

Lu'€U-LENT, a. [L. luculentus.] 1. Lucid; clear; trans- 
parent. 2. Clear; evident; luminous. 

LU-€UL'LlTE, n. [from Lucullus.] A variety of black lime- 
stone, often polished for ornamental purposes. — Brande. 

LU-DIB'RI-OUS, a. [L. ludibriosus.] Sportive ; wanton. — 
J. Barlow. 

LtJ'DI-CROUS, a. [L. ludicer.] Adapted to raise laughter, 
without scorn or contempt. — Syn. Laughable ; sportive ; 
burlesque ; comic ; droll ; ridiculous. 

LfJ'DI-CROUS-LY, adv. Sportively; in burlesque; in a 
manner to raise laughter without contempt. 

LtJ'DI-CROUS-NESS, n. Sportiveness ; the quality of ex- 
citing laughter without contempt; merry cast. 

'LU-DI-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. ludificoi.] The act cf deriding. 

LU-DIF'I-CA-TO-RY, a. Making sport ; exciting derision. 

CLO'ES, n. [L.] Poison ; pestilence ; plague. 

:LUFF, n. [Goth, lofa.] The palm of the hand. [Local] 

.LUFF, n. [Fr. lof; G. loof] Weather-gage, or part toward 
the wind ; or the sailing of a ship close to the wind. 

LUFF, v. i. [D. loeven.] To put the helm so as to turn the 
head of a ship toward the wind ; to sail nearer the wind. 

LUFF'-TA€K-LE (-tak-1), n. A large tackle, not destined 
for any particular place in the ship, but movable. 

LUG, v. t. [Sax. lycean, aluccan, geluggian.] 1. To haul; 
to drag ; to pull with force, as something heavy and moved 
with difficulty. 2. To carry or convey with labor. — To 
lug out, to draw a sword in burlesque. — Dryden. 

LUG, v. i. To drag ; to move heavily. — Dryden. 

LUG, n. 1. A small fish. — 2. In Scotland, an ear; [obs.] 

3. A pole or perch, a land measure ; [obs.] 4. Something 
heavy to be drawn or carried ; [vulgar.] 

LUG'-SaIL, n. A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs 
obliquely to the mast at one third of its length. 

LUG'GA6E, n. 1. Any thing cumbersome and heavy to be 
carried. 2. A traveler's trunks, packages, &c. 3. Some- 
thing of more weight than value. — Shak. 

LUG'GER, n. [D. loger.] A 6mall vessel carrying three 
masts with a running bowsprit and long or lug-sails. 

LUGGS. n. An insect like an earth-worm, but having legs. 

LU-Gu'BRI-OUS, a. [L. lugubris.] Mournful; indicating 
sorrow.— Decay of Piety. 

LU-GC'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. In a mournful manner ; mourn- 
fully. 

tLE0KE,} a - Not fully hot. 

ILOKE'NESS, > , T , 

\ LEuKE'NESS, \ n - M °derate warmth. 

LUKEWARM, a. [Sax. vlaco, vlacian.] 1. Moderately 
warm ; tepid. 2. Not ardent ; not zealous ; cool ; indif- 
ferent. 



LuKEWARM-LY, adv. 1. With moderate warmth. 9. 

With indifference ; coolly. 
LOKE'WARM-NESS, n. 1. A mild or moderate heat. 2. 

Indifference ; want of zeal or ardor ; coldness. 
LULL, v. t. [Dan. luller ; G., D. lullen.] To quiet; to com 

pose ; to cause to rest. 
LULL, v. i. To subside ; to cease ; to become calm. 
LULL, n. 1. Power or quality of soothing. — Young. 2. A 

season of quiet or cessation, as of wind, &c. 
LULL'A-BY, n. [lull and by.] A song to quiet babes ; that 

which quiets. — Locke. 
LULL-ED, pp. Quieted; appeased; composed to rest 
LULL'ER, n. One who lulls ; one who fondles. 
LULL'ING, ppr. or a. Stilling ; composing to rest. 
LUM, n. [qu. Sax. leoma.] The chimney of a cottage. 
LfJ'MA-CHEL, In. A grayish-brown limestone, con 
LU-M A-GHEL'LA, J taining fossil shells which reflect from 

within the stone a beautiful play of colors ; also cahed 

fi re-marble. — Dana. 
LUM-BAG'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to lumbago.— Cheyne. 
LUM-Ba'GO, n. [L. lumbus.] A pain in the loins and small 

of the back ; a rheumatic affection of the muscles about 

the loins. 
LUM'BAL, a. Lumbar, which see. 
LUM'BAR, a. [L. lumbus.] Pertaining to or near the loins. 

— Lumbar region, the hinder part of the body, from the 

false ribs down to the haunch bone. 
LUM'BER, n. [Sax. leoma ; Sw. lumpor ; G. lumpen.] 1. Any 

thing useless and cumbersome, or things bulky and thrown 

aside as of no use. — 2. In America, timber sawed or split 

for use ; as beams, boards, &c. 3. Harm ; mischief. — 

Pegge; [local] 
LUM'BER, v. t. 1. To heap together in disorder. 2. To fill 

with lumber. 
LUM'BER, v. i. 1. To move heavily, as if burdened with 

his own bulk. — Dryden. 2. To cut lumber in the forest, 

and forward it to market. [America.] 
LUM'BER-ROOM, n. A place for the reception of lumber 

or useless things. 
LUM'BERjED, pp. Heaped together in disorder. 
LUM'BER-ER, n. One engaged in getting lumber from the 

forest. [America.] 
LUM'BER-ING, n. The act or employment of getting lum- 
ber. [America.] 
LUM'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Filling with lumber ; putting In 

disorder ; moving heavily. 
LUM'BRLG, n. [L. lumbricus.] A worm. — Med. Expos. 
LUM'BRI€-AL, a. [L. lumbricus.] Resembling a worm. 
LUM'BRI€-AL, n. A muscle of the fingers and toes, so 

named from its resembling a worm. 
LUM-BRIC'I-FORM, a. [L. lumbricus.] Resembling a worm 

in shape. 
Lu'MIN-A-RY, n. [L. luminare.] 1. Any body that gives 

light, but chiefly one of the celestial orbs. — 2. Figuratively, 

one who illustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind 
\ Lu'MIN-aTE, v. t. [L. lumino.] To illuminate. 
LU-MIN-a'TION. See Illumination. 
t Lfi'MiNE, v. t. To enlighten. See Illumine. 
LU-MIN-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lumen and fero.] Producing 

light ; yielding light. 
Lu'MIN-OUS, a. [L. luminosus.] 1. Shining ; emitting light. 

2. Light; illuminated. 3. Bright; shining. — 4. Figur- 
atively, clear ; hicid ; perspicuous ; as, a luminous state- 
ment. 
LC'MIN-OUS-LY, adv. With brightness or clearness. 
LO'MIN-OUS-NESS, \n. 1. The quality of being bright or 
LU-MIN-OS'I-TY, 5 shining ; brightness. — Encyc. 9 

Figuratively, clearness ; perspicuity. 
LUM'MOX, n. A fat, unwieldy, stupid person ; as if madi 

of loam. — Forby. [Sometimes heard in America.] 
LUMP, n. [G., Dan., and Sw. klump.] 1. A small mass of 

matter of no definite shape. 2. A mass of things blended 

or thrown together without order or distinction. 3. A 

cluster. — hi the lump, the whole together ; in gross. 
LUMP, v. t. 1. To throw into a mass ; to unite in a body or 

sum without distinction of particulars. 2. To take in the 

gross. 
LUMPED (lumpt), pp. or a. Thrown into a mass or sum. 
LUMP'EN, n. A long fish, of a greenish color, and marked 

with lines. 
LUMP'FISH, n. A soft, thick sea-fish, covered with horny 

spines ; also called lump-sucker. Its pectoral and ventral 

fins unite on the under side, so as to form a disk. 
LUMPING, ppr. 1. Throwing into a mass or sum. 2. a. 

Bulky; heavy. — Arbuthnot ; [a low word.] 3. In a mass 

or lump ; as, a lumping bargain. 
LUMPISH, a. 1. Like a lump ; heavy ; gross ; bulky.— Dry 

den. 2. Dull; inactive. — Shak. 
LUMP'ISH-LY, adv. Heavily ; with dullness. 
LUMP'ISH-NESS, n. Heaviness ; dullness ; stupidity. 
LUMP'Y, a. Full of lumps or small compact masses. 
Lfj'NA COR'NE-A. Chlorid of silver.— Ure. 
LO'NA-CY, n. [from L. luna.] 1. A species of madnesa, 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e. i. &c, short— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD —MOVE, BOOK, 



LUU 



611 



LUS 



formerly supposed to be influenced by the moon, or peri- 
odical in the month. 2 As a general term, it includes all 
the varieties of mental alienation which are not fatuous. 
Bouvier. — Syn. Insanity ; derangement ; craziness ; mania. 

LCNAR, ) a. [L. lunaris.] 1. Pertaining to the moon. 

LU'NAR- Y, > 2. Measured by the revolutions of the moon. 

3. Resembling the moon ; orbed. 4. Under the influence 
of the moon ; [obs.] 

Lu'NAR CAUSTIC, n. Fused nitrate of silver. 

Lu'NAR CY'CLE, n. The period of time after which the 
new moons return on the same days of the year. 

Lu'NAR M6NTH, n. The time in which the moon com- 
pletes a revolution about the earth. 

Lu'NAR YEAR, n. The period of 12 synodic lunar months, 
being about 354£ days. 

LU-Na'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of the moon. 

Lu'NA-RY, n. Moonwort, or honesty, an herb. 

Lu'Na-TED, a. Formed like a half-moon. 

LCNA-TIC, a. Affected by a species of madness, formerly 
supposed to be influenced by the moon. 

LCNA-TIC, n. A person affected by insanity, formerly sup- 
posed to be influenced or produced by the moon, or by 
its position in its orbit ; a madman. 

LU-N1TION, n. [L. lunatio.] A lunar month; the time 
from one new moon to the next. 

LUNCH, v. i. To take a lunch.— Smart. 

LUNCH, n. [W. Uwnc] 1. A slight repast between break- 
fast and dinner; formerly the same as luncheon. 2. A 
place for taking a luncheon ; an eating-house. 

LUNCHE6N (-un), n. A portion of food taken at any time 
except at a regular meal. 

LuNE, n. [L. luna.] 1. Any thing in the shape of a half- 
moon. — Watts; [little used.] — 2. In geometry, a figure in 
the form of a crescent, bounded by two arcs of circles in- 
tersecting at its extremities. — Brandt. 3. A fit of lunacy 
or madness, or a freak ; [obs.] 4. A leash. 

LU-NETTE', n. [Fr. lunette.] 1. In fortification, a term ap- 
plied to small works constructed on each side of the ravel- 
in, to protect it. — 2. In the manege, a half horseshoe, which 
wants the spuQge, or that part of the branch which runs 
toward the quarters of the foot. 3. A kind of watch crys- 
tal, which is more than ordinarily flattened in the center. 

4. A piece of felt to cover tht eye of a vicious horse. — 5. 
In architecture, an aperture for the admission of light into 
a concave ceiling. — Brande. 

Lu'NET, n. A little moon.— Bp. Ha'.?. 

LUNG, n. [Sax. lungen ; G., Dan. lunge.] 1. The lungs are 

the organs of respiration in man and many other animals. 

— 2. Lungs, an old cant term for a person having a strong 

voice ; also, for an alchemist's attendant, who puffed his 

coals. — Smart. 
LUNG'-GRoWN, a. Having lungs that adhere to the pleu- 
ra. — Harvey. 
LUNGE, n. [See Allonge.] A sudden pvsh or thrust. 
LUNGED, a. Having lungs, or the nature or resemblance 

of lungs ; drawing in and expelling air.— Dry den. 
LUN'6IS, n. [Fr. longis.] A lingerer ; a dull drowsy fellow. 
LUNG'LESS, a. Having no lungs. 
LUNG'WoRT, n. An herb of the genus pulmonaria. 
LT/NI-FORM, a. [L. luna and form.] Resembling the moon. 
LU-NI-So'LAR, a. [L. luna and Solaris.] Compounded of 

the revolutions of the sun and moon. The lunisolar year, 

at the end of which the eclipses return again in the same 

order, containe 532 years. 
? LuWIS-TICE, n. [L. luna and sto.] The furthest point of 

the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolu- 
tion. 
LUNT, n. [D. lont ; Dan. lunte.] The match-cord used for 

firing cannon. — Johnson. 
LCNU-LAR, a. [from L. luna.] In botany, like the new 

moon ; shaped like a small crescent. 
Lu'NU-LATE, a. [from L. luna.] In botany, resembling a 

small crescent 
Lu'NU-LlTE, n. A small fossil coral.— Lyell. 
LU'PER-CAL, a. Pertaining to the lupercalia, or feasts of 

the Romans in honor of Pan ; as a noun, the feast itself. 
Lu'PINE, n, [Fr. lupin ; L. lupinus.] A kind of pulse. 
Lu'PIN-IN, in. A bitter substance extracted from the 
Lu'PIN-lTE, 5 leaves of the white lupine. 
LtJTU-LIN, n. [L. lupulus.] The bitter principle of hops. 

The term has also been applied to the fine yellow powder 

of hops, containing that principle. 
r LUR-CITION, n. [See Lurch.] Gluttony ; gormandizing. 
LURCH, n. [W. Here] In seamen's language, a sudden roll 

of a ship to one side. — To leave in the lurch, to leave in a 

difficult situation. 
LURCH, v. i. 1. To roll or pass suddenly to one side, as a 

ship in a heavy sea. 2. To withdraw to one side, or to a 

private place ; to lie in ambush or in secret ; to lie close ; 

[obs. See Ltthk.] 3. To shift; to play tricks.— Shak. 
LURCH, t. t. 1. To defeat ; to disappoint ; that is, to evade ; 

[rare.] 2. To steal ; to filch ; to pilfer ; [rare.] 
\ LUPvGH, v. t. [L. lurco.] To swallow or eat greedily. 



LURCHED Ourcht), pp. R Ued suddenly to one side ; de 
feated; evaded. 

LURCHER, n. 1. One who lies in wait, or lurks ; one who 
watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap ; a poacher. 2. A 
dog that lurks or lies in wait for game, and seizes them, as 
rabbits, &c. ; more used by poachers than by sportsmen. 
— Buchanan. 3. [L. lurco.] A glutton ; a gormandizer. 

LURCHING, ppr. Rolling suddenly to one side, as a ship 
at sea ; defeating ; disappointing. 

t LUR'DAN, a. Blockish.— Johnson. 

t LUR'DAN, n. A clown ; a blockhead. 

LORE, n. [Fr. leurre.] 1. Something held out to call a 
hawk. Hence, 2. Any enticement ; that which invites by 
the prospect of advantage or pleasure. 

LORE, v. i. To call hawks.— Bacon. 

LURE, v. t. To entice ; to attract ; to invite by any thing 
that promises pleasure or advantage. 

LvREB, pp. or a. Enticed ; attracted ; invited by the hope 
of pleasure or advantage. 

LCRID, a. [L. luridus.] 1. Ghastly pale ; gloomy ; dismal. 
— 2. In botany, a term applied to a dirty-brown color, a 
little clouded. — Lindley. 

LtJR'ING, ppr. or a. Enticing ; calling. 

LURK. v. i. [W. llercian.] 1. To lie hid ; to lie in wait 
2. Figuratively, to he concealed or unperceived, as in this 
bosom. 3. To retire from public observation ; to keep 
out of sight. 

LURK'ER, n. One who lurks or keeps out of sight 

LURKING, ppr. or a. Lying concealed ; keeping out of 
sight. 

LURK'ING-PLaCE, n. A place in which one lies concealed- 
a secret place ; a hiding-place ; a den. 

LURTRY, n. A confused, inarticulate sound or utterance . 
as, a lurry of words. — Holloway. 

LUS'CIOUS (lush'us), a. 1. Sweet or rich, so as to cloy or 
nauseate ; sweet to excess. 2. Very sweet ; delicious ; 
grateful to the taste. 3. Pleasing ; delightful, as a descrip- 
tion. 4. Fulsome, as flattery. 5. Smutty ; obscene ; [rare.] 

LUS'CIOUS-LY (msh'us-le), adv. 1. With sweetness or 
richness that cloys or nauseates. 2. Obscenely. — Steele. 

LUS'CIOUS-NESS, n. Immoderate richness or sweetness 
that cloys or offends. — Mortimer. 

Lu'SERN, n. A lynx.— Johnson. 

t LUSH, a. Full of juice or succulence.— Shak.— Rich. Diet. 

Lu'SI-AD, n. The great epic poem of Camoens, on the 
establishment of the Portuguese power in India. — Brande. 

t LUSK, a. [Fr. lasche.] Lazy ; slothful. 

t LUSK, n. A lazy fellow ; a lubber. 

t LUSK, v. i. To be idle or unemployed. — Warner. 

LUSK'ISH, a. Inclined to be lazy. — Marston. 

LUSK'ISH-LY, adv. Lazily. 

t LUS_K1SH-NESS, n. Disposition to indolence ; laziness. 

LU-So'RI-OUS, a. [L. lusorius.] Used in play ; sportive. 
Sanderson. [Little used.] 

Lu'SO-RY, a. [L. lusorius.] Used in play ; playful. 

LUST, n. [Sax., G, D., Sw. lust]. 1. Longing desire ; eager- 
ness to possess or enjoy. 2. Concupiscence ; carnal ap- 
petite; unlawful desire of carnal pleasure. 3. Evil pro- 
pensity ; depraved affections and desires. 4. Vigor ; act- 
ive power ; [obs.] 

LUST, v. i. [Sax. lustan.] 1. To desire eagerly; to long, 
with after. 2. To have carnal desire; to" desire eagerly 
the gratification of carnal appetite. 3. To have irregular 
or inordinate desires. 4. To list ; to like ; [obs.] 

LUST-STILNED, a. Defiled by \ust-rShak, 

LUST'ER n. One actuated by lust or strong desire. 

LUSTER 1 n. [Fr. lustre ; L. lustrum.] 1. Brightness . 

LUSTRE, 3 brilliancy ; splendor ; gloss. 2. The splendor 
of birth, of deeds, or of fame; renown; distinction. 3. A 
candlestick ornamented with drops or pendants of cut 
glass. 4. [L. lustrum.] The space of five years. — Boling- 
broke. 

LUSTER-LESS, ) 

LUSTRE-LESS, 5 

LUSTFUL, a. 1. 

gratification. 2. Provoking to sensuality ; inciting to lust 
or exciting carnal desire. 3. Vigorous ; robust ; stout ; 
[iiot -used.] — Syn. Sensual ; fleshy ; carnal ; inordinate ; 
licentious ; lewd ; unchaste ; impure ; libidinous ; lecher 
ous. 

LUSTTUL-LY, adv. With concupiscence or carnal desire. 

LUSTTUL-NESS, n. The state of having carnal desires : 
libidinousness. 



Destitute of luster. 
Having lust, or eager desire of carnai 



t LUST'I-HEAD, > 



Vigor of body. — Spenser 



t LUSTT-HOOD, 

LUSTT-LY, adv. With vigor of body ; stoutly. 

LUSTT-NESS, n. Vigor of body ; stoutness ; strength , i» 
bustness ; sturdiness. — Dryden. 

LUSTTNG, ppr. Having eager desire ; having carnal appe- 
tite. 

LUSTTNG, n. Eager desire; inordinate desire; desire of 
carnal gratification. 

t LUST'LESS, a. 1. Listless ; not willing. 2. Not vigorous 



W YE- -PULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; & ae J; S as Z; cH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



LUX 



612 



LYR 



nUSTRAL, a. [L. lustralis.] 1. Used in purification. 2. 
Pertaining to purification. 

LUS'TRITE, v. t. [L. lustro.~\ 1. To make clear or pure ; 
to purify ; [see Illustrate.] 2. To view ; to survey. 

LUSTRA-TED, pp. Made clear; purified. 

LUS'TRa-TING, ppr. Purifying; rendering clear. 

LUS-TRI'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of making clear 
or pure ; a cleansing or purifying by water. — 2. In antiq- 
uity, the sacrifices or ceremonies by which cities, fields, 
armies, or people defiled by crimes were purified. 

LUS'TRIC-AL, a. Pertaining to purification. — Middhton. 

* LUSTRING, n. A species of glossy silk cloth. [Corrupt- 
ly written and pronounced lutestring.] 

LUSTROUS, a. Bright; shining; luminous.— Shak. 

LUSTROUS-LY, adv. In a brilliant or shining manner. 

LUSTRUM, n. [L.] In ancient Rome, the space of five years. 

LUSTW6RT, n. A plant of the genus drosera. 

LUSTY, a. [Dan. lustig.] 1. Able of body ; full of health 
and vigor. Hence, 2. Well-clothed with flesh ; full-sized. 
3. Handsome ; pleasant ; saucy ; [obs.] 4. Copious ; hearty, 
as a draught. 5. Pregnant; [a colloquial use.] — Syn. Ro- 
bust ; stout ; strong ; vigorous ; healthful ; large ; bulky ; 
corpulent. 

LU'SUS NA-TU'RM. [L.] Sport or freak of nature ; a de- 
formed or unnatural production. 

LU'TAN-IST, n. A person who plays on the lute 

LU-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [L. lutarius.] 1. Pertaining to mud ; liv- 
ing in mud. 2. Of the color of mud. — Grew. 

LU-Ta'TION, n. The act or method of luting vessels. 

LuTE, n. [Fr. luth : It. liuto ; Sp. laud ; D. luit.] An instru- 
ment of music with strings, resembling the guitar, and 
played in the same manner. 

LuTE, } n. [L. latum.] Among chemists, a composition of 

LOT'ING, 5 clay or other tenacious substance, used for coat- 
ing vessels when exposed to fire, and also for making their 
junctures air-tight. 

LuTE, v. t. To close or coat with lute. — Bacon. 

LOTE'-CISE, n. A case for a lute.— Shak. 

LUTED, pp. Closed or coated with lute. 

LuTE-O-LIN, n. A yellow coloring matter found in weld. 

Lu'TEN-IST, n. A performer on the lute.— Bushy. 

LOTE-OUS, a. [L. luteus.] Noting a brownish-yellow or 
clay color. — Humble. 

LOT'IST \ °" 0ne wll ° P^ a y s on a lute ' 

L.STE'STRING, n. 1. The string of a lute.— Shak. 2. A plain, 
stout silk, much used for ladies' dresses ; [corrupted from 
lustring.] 

LOTHER-AN, e. Pertaining to or following Luther, the re- 
former. 

LOTHER-AN, n. A disciple or follower of Luther. 

LOTHER-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of religion as taught 
by Luther. 

LOTHERN, n. In architecture, a kind of window over the 
cornice, in the roof a building ; the same as dormar. 

LOT'ING, ppr. Closing with lute. 

LOTU-LENT, a. [L. latulentus.] Muddy; turbid; thick. 

LUX'aTE, v. t. [L. luxo ; Fr. luxcr.] To displace, or re- 
move from its proper place, as a joint ; to put out of 
joint ; to dislocate. Lux, in this sense, is now rarely met 
with. 

LUX'a-TED, pp. or a. Put out of joint ; dislocated. 

LUX'a-TING, ppr. Removing or forcing out of its place, as 
a joint; dislocating. 

LUX-a'TION, n. 1. The act of moving or forcing a joint 
from its proper place or articulation ; or the state of being 
thus put out of joint. 2. A dislocation ; that which is dis- 
located. 

f LuXE (Inks), n. Luxury. — Shenstone. 

LUX-U'RI-ANCE, In. [L. luxurians.] 1. Rank growth; 

LUX-U'RI-AN-CY, > strong, vigorous growth ; exuberance. 
2. Excessive or superfluous growth. 

LUX-UTH-ANT, a. 1. Exuberant in growth ; abundant. 2. 
Exuberant in plenty ; superfluous in abundance. — 3. A 
luxuriant flower multiplies the covers of the fructification 
so as to destroy the essential parts. 

LUX-U'RI-ANT-LY, adv. With exuberant growth. 

LUX-U'RI-ITE, v. i. 1. To grow exuberantly. _ 2. To feed 
' or live luxuriously. — 3. Figuratively, to expatiate with de- 
light ; as, to litxuriate in description. 

LUX-U-RI-a'TION, n. The process of growing exuberant- 
ly, or beyond the natural growth. — Lee. 

LUX-U'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. luxurieux; L. luxuriosus.] 1. In- 
dulging freely or excessively the gratification ot appetite, 
or in expensive dress and equipage. 2. Administering to 
luxury ; contributing to free or extravagant indulgence in 
diet, dress, and equipage. 3. Furnished with luxuries. 4. 
Softening by pleasure, or free indulgence in luxury. 5. 
Lustful , libidinous ; given to the gratification of lust. — 
Shak. 6. Luxuriant; exuberant; [obs.] — Syn. Voluptu- 
ous; epicurean; effeminate; sensual. 
LUX-U'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance of rich diet, dress, 
or equipage ; deliriously ; voluptuously. 



LUX-U'RI-OUS-NESS, n. A state of luxury or of great 
abundance. 

LUX'U-RIST, n. One given to luxury.— Temple. 

LUX'U-RY, n. [L. luxuria.] 1. A free or extravagant in- 
dulgence in the pleasures of the table, or in the gratifica- 
tion of appetite ; the free indulgence in costly dress and 
equipage. 2. That which gratifies a nice and fastidious ap- 
petite ; any delicious food or drink. 3. Any thing delight 
i'ul to the senses. 4. Lust ; lewd desire ; [obs.] 5. Lux- 
uriance ; exuberance of growth ; [obs.] — Syn. Voluptu- 
ousness ; epicurism ; effeminacy ; sensuality ; dainty -, 
delicacy ; gratification ; pleasure ; enjoyment ; delight. 

LY, a termination of adjectives, is a contraction of Sax. lie, 
Eng. like, as in manly, that is, man-like. At the end ol 
names ly is the English lea or ley, field or plain. 

LY'AM, it. A leash for holding a hound. — Drayton. 

LY-CANTHRO-PY, n. [Gr. \vKnv8pwma.] A species of in- 
sanity, in which the patient imagines himself to be a wolf, 
and imitates his actions. 

Ly-Ce'UM, n. [Gr. Xvkeiov.] 1. In Greece, a place near the 
River Ilissus, where Aristotle taught philosophy. 2. A 
house or apartment appropriated to instruction by lectures 
or disquisitions. 3. An association of men for literary im- 
provement. 

LY-CO-PO-DI-A'CE-iE (-she-e), n. pi. A family of moss-like 
plants, sometimes termed club-mosses. 

Ly-CO-PO-DI-a'CEOUS (-shus), a. Belonging to the lyco- 
podiacere. 

LY-CO-Po'DI-UM, n. A fine yellow powder, the seed of the 
club-moss, which burns with a bright flash.— Brande. 

LYD'I-AN, a. [from Lydia.] Pertaining to Lydia, a country 
of Asia Minor, or to its people ; hence, soft ; effeminate ; 
noting a kind of soft, slow music, anciently in vogue. 
Milton. 

LYD'I-AN SToNE, n. A kind of flint, allied to horn-stone, 
which was used by the ancients for the trial of silver and 
gold. — Buchanan. 

LYE, n. [Sax. leak.] Water impregnated with alkaline salt, 
imbibed, from the ashes of wood. 

LYE, n. A falsehood. See Lie. 

Ly'ING, ppr. of lie. Being prostrate. [See Lie.] — Lying to, 
the state of a ship when her progress is checked either by 
counterbracing the yards or taking in sail. — Lying in. 1, 
JMng in childbirth. 2. n. The act of bearing a child. 

LY'ING, ppr. or a. [from lie.] Telling falsehood ; addicted 
to falsehood. 

Ly'ING, 7i. The practice of telling lies. 

LY'ING-LY, adv. Falsely ; without truth.— Sherwood. 

LYM, n._ Adogheldinaleam; a blood-hound. — Shak. — Smart. 

LYM'NlTE, 7i. A kind of fresh-water snail, found fossil. 

LYMPH (limf), n. [L. lympha.] Water, or a colorless fluid 
in animal bodies, contained in certain vessels called lym- 
phatics. 

LYMPH'ATE, ) „ . . . , . . , 

LYMPH'a-TED \ ' Frightened into madness.; raving. 

LYM-PHAT'IC (lim-fafik), n. 1. Pertaining to lymph. 2. 

Enthusiastic. — Shaftesbury ; [obs.] 
LYM-PHAT'IC (lim-fafik), n. 1. A vessel of animal bodies 

which contains or conveys lymph. 2. A mad enthusiast ; 

a lunatic ; [obs.] 
LYMPH'E-DUCT, n. [L. lympha and ductus.] A Vessel ot 

animal bodies which conveys the lymph. 
LYM-PHOG'RA-PHY, n. [L. lympha, and Gr. ypafw.] A 

description of the lymphatic vessels. 
LYMPH'Y, a. Containing or like lymph. 
LYN'CE-AN, a. Pertaining to the lynx. 
LYNCH, v. t. To inflict pain, or punish without the forms 

of law, as by a mob, or by unauthorized persons. [ U. S.\ 
LYNCH'-LAW, n. Punishment inflicted by private individ 

uals without the forms of law. The term is said to be de 

rived from a Virginia farmer, named Lynch, who thus 

took the law into his own hands. [U. S.] 
LYNCHED (lincht), pp. Punished or abused without th«> 

forms of law. 
LYNCHING, ppr. Punishing or abusing without law. 
LYN'DEN-TREE, n. See Linden. 
LYNX, n. [L. lynx.] 1. A quadruped resembling the com 

mon cat, but with longer ears and a shorter tail. It has 

been celebrated, though hyperbolically, for the sharpness 

of its sight. 2. One of the northern constellations. 
LYNX-EYED (-Ide), a. Having acute sight. 
LY'RA, n. [L. a harp.] A northern constellation, containing 

a white star of the first magnitude, called Alpha Lyra. 
Ly'RaTE, ?a. In botany, divided transversely into sev 
Ly'Ra-TED, ) eral sinuses, the lower ones smaller and 

more remote from each other than the upper ones. 
LYRE, n. [Fr. lyre ; L. lyra.] 1. A stringed instrument of 

music, a kind of harp much used by the ancients as an ac 

companiment to poetry. 2. One of the constellations, Lyra. 

which see. 
LyRE'-SHIPED (-shapte), a. Shaped like a lyre.— Smith. 
LYR'IC, )a. [L. lyricus; Fr. lyrique.] Pertaining to » 

LYR'I-G-AL, 5 lyre or harp. — Lyric poetry was originally 



! See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—Z, % I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE BOOR. 



MAC 



613 



MAC 



such as was sung to the lyre, but the term is now applied 
to that species of poetry which directly expresses the in- 
dividual emotions of the poet. 

LYRIC, n. 1. A lyric poem. 2. A composer of lyric poems. 
— Addison. 

LYR'I-CISM, n. A lyric composition. — Gray. 

Llf'RIST, n. A musician who plays on the harp or lyre. 

LYS, n. A Chinese measure of length, equal to 533 yards. 

LYS'SA, n. [Gr. \vaoa.] The madness of a dog. 

L?-Te'RI-AN, a. [Gr. XvTnpios.] In medical science, termin- 
ating a disease ; indicating the solution of a disease. 

LYTH'RODE, n. A mineral, a variety of elaolite. 



M. 



Mis the thirteenth letter of the English alphabet, and a 
labial articulation, formed by a compression of the 
lips. It is called a semi-vowel, and its sound is uniform ; 
. as in man, time, rim. 

M is a numeral letter, and, among the ancients, stood for a 
thousand, a use which is retained by the moderns. With 
a dash or stroke over it, M, it stands for a thousand times 
a thousand, or a million. 

A. M. or M. A. stands for artium magister, master of arts ; 
M. D. for medicincz doctor, doctor of medicine ; A. M. for 
anno mundi, the year of the world ; MS. for manuscript ; 
MSS. for manuscripts. In marking time, M. is used for me- 
ridian ; A. M. for ante meridiem, forenoon ; P. M. for post 
meridiem, afternoon. 

MX. (It.] In music, not. 

MAB, n. [W. mab.\ 1. In northern mythology, the queen of 
the imaginary beings called fairies. 2. A slattern. — Ray. 

MAB, v. I To dress negligently. — Ray. 

MAC, in names of Scotch and Irish origin, signifies son. See 
Maid. 

MAC-AD AM-lZE, v. t. [from the projector's name.] To 
cover, as a road, way, or path, with small broken stones, 
so as to form a smooth, hard surface. 

MAC-AD AM-IZ.ED, pp. or a. Covered or formed with 
small broken stones, so as to form a smooth, hard surface. 

MAC-ADAM-lZ-ING, ppr. Covering with small broken 
stones, so as to form a smooth, hard surface. 

MAC-ADAM-RoAD, n. A road or path covered with small 
broken stones, so as to form a smooth, hard surface. 

MAC -A-Ro'Nl, n. (It maccheroni.] 1. A favorite food in 
Italy, made of the dough of fine flour formed in small 
tubes of the size of a goose-quill. 2. A medley ; some- 
thing extravagant to please an idle fancy. 3. A sort of 
droll or fool, and, hence, a fop ; a fribble ; a finical fellow. 

MAC-A-RON'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to or like a macaroni ; 
empty ; trifling ; vain ; affected. 2. Consisting of a mix- 
ture or jumble of words of different languages. [See Mac- 
ahonic, n.] Macaronian has been used. 

MA€-A-RON'I€, n. A kind of burlesque poetry, in which 
words of different languages are intermixed, and native 
words are made to end in Latin terminations, or Latin 
words are modernized. — Jones. 

MAC-A-ROON', n. [Fr. macaron.] 1. A small cake, com- 
posed chiefly of almonds and sugar. 2. A finical fellow, 
or macaroni. 

MA-CAU'CO, n. A name of several species of four-handed 
animals of the genus lemur. See Lemur. 

MA-CAW, ) n. The name of a race of beautiful American 

MA-Ca'O, 5 birds of the parrot family. 

MA-CAW-TREE, n. A species of palm-tree.— Miller. 

MAC-CA-BeAN, a. Pertaining to the Jewish princes called 
Maccabees. 

MAC'CA-BEES, n. pi. 1. The name of a heroic Jewish fam- 
ily which rescued Judea from the tyranny of Antiochus 
Epiphanes. 2. The name of certain apocryphal books 
of the Old Testament which treat of Jewish affairs in the 

k time of the Maccabees. 

MAC'CO-BOY, n. A kind of snuff. 

MaCE, n. (It mazza ; Sp. maza ; Port, maca.] 1. A kind of 
club ; an ensign of authority borne before magistrates. 
The old English writers often use mace for scepter. 2. 
The heavier rod used in billiards. 

MaCE, n. [L. macis.] A spice ; the second coat which cov- 
ers the nutmeg. ' 

MaCE'-aLE, n. Ale spiced with mace. — Wiseman. 

MaCE'-BEaR-ER, n. A person who carries a mace. 

MaCE'-PROOF, a. Free from arrest.— GijforWs Shirley. 

MaCE'-REED, i . , . . . ., 

reed-mace! I n : A P lant - cat>talL 

MAC'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. macero.] 1. To make lean ; to wear 
away. 2. To mortify; to harass with corporeal hard- 
ships ; to cause to pine or waste away. 3. To steep al- 
most to solution ; to soften and separate the parts of a sub- 
stance by steeping it in a fluid, or by the digestive process. 

MAC'ER-a-TED, pp. or a. Made thin or lean ; steeped al- 
most to solution. 



MAC'ER-A-TING, ppr. Making lean ; steeping almost to so- 
lution; softening. 

MAC-ER-A'TION, n. 1. The act or the process of making 
thin or lean by wearing away, or by mortification. 2. The 
act, process, or operation of softening and almost dissolv- 
ing by steeping in a fluid. 

MA€H-I-A-VeL'IAN (mak-e-a-vel'yan), a. [from Machiavel] 
Pertaining to Machiavel, or denoting his principles ; polit- 
ically cunning ; crafty ; cunning in political management 

MA€H-I-A-VeL'IAN, n. One who adopts the principles of 
Machiavel. 

MA€H'I-A-VEL-ISM, n. The principles of Machiavel ; po- 
litical cunning and artifice. 

MA-CHIC'O-La-TED (ma-chik'o-la-ted), a. A term applied to 
castles having machicolations. 

MACH-I-CO-La'TION, n. [Fr. machicoulis.} A term applied 
to openings at the tops of old castles and fortifications, 
through which combustibles, melted lead, and stones were 
dropped on the heads of the assailants. — P. Cyc. 

MA€H'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to machines. — Diet. 

MACH'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. machinor.] To plan ; to contrive , 
to form a scheme. — Sandys. 

MACH'IN-A-TED, pp. Planned; contrived. 

MA€H'IN-A-TING, ppr. Contriving; scheming. 

MACH-IN-i'TION, n, [Fr.] The act of planning or con 
triving a scheme for executing some purpose, particularly, 
an evil purpose ; an artful design formed with delibera- 
tion. 

MACHTN-A-TOR, n. One who forms a scheme, or who 
plots with evil designs. — GlanviUe. 

MA-C Hi NE' (ma-sheen'), n. [Fr. ; L. machina.] 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, any thing used to augment or regulate force or 
motion. The simplest machines are those usually called 
the mechanical powers. — More properly, a machine is a com- 
plex structure, consisting of a combination or peculiar 
modification of the mechanical powers. — Hebert. 2. An 
engine ; an instrument of force. 3. Supernatural agency 
in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced into a poem 
to perform some exploit. 

MA-cHlN'ER-Y (ma-sheen'er-e), n. 1. The component parts 
of a complex machine, taken collectively. 2. Machines in 
general. — 3. In epic and dramatic poetry, superhuman 
beings introduced by the poet to solve difficulties, or per- 
form some exploit which exceeds human power. 

t MA-cHlN'ING, a. Denoting the machinery of a poem. 

MA-CHlN'IST (ma-sheen'ist), n. [Fr. macltaniste.] A con- 
structor of machines and engines, or one well versed in 
the principles of machines. 

Ma-CIG'NO (ma-chen'yo), n. [It] A silicious sandstone 
found in Italy. 

MAC'I-LEN-CY, n. Leanness. See Macilent. 

MAC'I-LENT, a. [L. macilentus.] Lean; thin. 

MA€K'ER-EL, n. [D. mackreel ; G. mackrele.] A salt-water 
fish of the genus scomber, an excellent table fish. 

MACK'ER-EL, n. [Old Fr. maquerel.] A pander or pimp. 

MA€K'ER-EL-GaLE, n. A fresh gale of wind.— Rich. Did. 

MACK'ER-EL-SKY, n, A sky in which the clouds have tho 
form called cirro-cumulus, that is, are broken up into 
fleecy masses ; called, also, a mackerel-back sky. 

MACK'IN-TOSH, n. A term applied, from the name of the 
inventor, to water-proof garments, particularly overcoats, 
made so by the use of India-rubber. 

MACK'LE (makl), n. [L. macula.] Among printers, a blur 
in printing, so that part of the impression of a page ap- 
pears double. 

MAC'LE (makl), n. 1. A name given to a variety of chiasto- 
lite, the crystals of which present a tesselated appearance 
when cut transversely.— Dana. 2. A similar tesselated ap- 
pearance in other crystals. 

MAC-Lu'RITE, n. The mineral chondrodite. 

MAC-RO-BI-OT1C, a. [Gr. fiaKpoS and [3ioS.] Long-lived. 

*MAC'RO-€OSM, n. [Gr. uaKpos and koo,uoS.] The great 

world ; the universe, or the visible system of worlds. 

MAC-RO-DAC'TYL, n. [Gr. uaK pos and 5uktv\os.] A term 
applied to a tribe of wading birds, having remarkably long 
toes. 

MA€-RO-DA€-TYL'IC, a. In ornithology, having long toes, 
as rails, water-hens, &c. 

MA€-RO-Dl-AG'ON-AL, n. [Gr. uaKpos, and diagonal.] The 
longer of the diagonals of a rhombic prism. 

MA-CROL'O-gY, n. [Gr. uaKpos and Xoyos ■] Long and tedi- 
ous talk ; prolonged discourse without matter ; superflui 
ty of words. 

MA-€ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. uaKpos and uetOov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring inaccessible objects by means of two 
reflectors on a common sextant. — Buclianan. 

MA-CROTY-POUS, a. [Gr. uaKpos, long, and tvt.os, form.] 
In mineralogy, having a long form. — Slicpard. 

MA-€ROU'RAN, ) n. [Gr. uoxpoS, long, and ovpa, tail.] A 

MA-CRU'RAN, 5 name given to Crustacea resembling the 
lobster and shrimp. — Dana. 

MA-CROU'ROUS, ? a. An epithet applied to Crustacea ro- 

MA-CRU'ROUS, 5 sembiing the lobster and shrimp. 



Do VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER V!"CIOUS — € as K : (i as J ; S is Z ; CH as SH £H as in this, t Obsolete 



MiER 



614 



MAG 



MAG-Pa/TION, n. [L. macto.] The act of killing a victbn 
for sacrifice. — Encyc. 

MAetT-LA, n. ; pi. Maculae. [L.] A spot, as on the skin, or 
on the surface of the sun or other luminous orb. 

MAG'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. maculo.] To spot ; to stain. 

MAG'U-LATE, > a nnt ^n 

MA€'U-LA-TED, J ' S P otted - 

MAG-tJ-L a'TION, n. The act of spotting ; a spot ; a stain. 

MAG'ULE, n. A spot. [Little ttsed.] 

MAD, a. [Sax. gemaad; lr.amad; It. matto.] 1. Disordered 
in intellect. 2. Proceeding from disordered intellect, or 
expressing it. 3. Possessed with rage or fury. 4. Inflamed 
to excess with desire ; excited with violent and unreason- 
able passion or appetite ; infatuated. 5. Extremely per- 
plexed with anxiety or trouble. 6. Infatuated with folly. 
7. Inflamed with anger ; very angry. — Arbutknot. 8. Pro- 
ceeding from folly or infatuation. — Syn. Deranged ; delir- 
ious ; crazy ; insane ; distracted ; frenzied ; furious ; rag- 
ing; enraged; exasperated. 

MAD, v. t. To make mad, furious, or angry. — Sidney. 

MAD, v. i. To be mad, furious, or wild. — Spenser. 

MAD } 

MaDE i n ' [S ax -> Goth, matha.] An earth-worm. — Ray. 

MAD'-AP-PLE, n. A tropical plant or fruit allied to the egg- 
plant. 

MAD'-BRaIN, I a. Disordered in mind ; hot-headed ; 

MAD'-BRaIN.ED, 5 rash.— Shak. 

MAD'-HeAD-ED (-hed'ed), a. Hot-brained ; rash.— Skak. 

MAD'-HOUSE, n. A house where insane persons are con- 
fined for cure or restraint. 

MAD'AM, n. [Fr. ma and dame.] An appellation or com- 
plimentary title given to married and elderly ladies, or 
chiefly to them. 

MAD'GAP, n. [mad-caput or cap.] A person of wild behav- 
ior ; a violent, rash, hot-headed person. 

MAD'D£N (mad'n), v. t. To make mad. — Thomson. 

MAD'Di?N, v. i. To become mad ; to act as if mad. 

MAD'D£N£D, pp. or a. Rendered mad. 

MAD'DjEN-ING, ppr. or a. Making mad or angry. 

MAD'DER, n. [Sax. mceddere.] A plant which is much used 
in dyeing red. 

MAD'DING, ppr. or a. from mad. Raging; furious. — Dry- 
den. 

MaDE, pret. and pp. or a. from make. 

MAD-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. madefacio.] The act of making 
wet. 

MAD'E-FlED (mad'e-fide), pp. Made wet. — Bacon. 

MAD'E-Fy, v. t. [L. madefio'.] To make wet or moist ; to 
moisten. [Not much used.] 

MAD'E-FY-ING, ppr. Making moist or wet. 

MA-DEI'RA (ma-da'ra), n. A rich wine made on the isle of 
Madeira. 

MA-DEI'RA-NUT, n. A thin-shelled walnut from the isle of 
Madeira. 

MAD-EM-OI-SELLE' (mad-mwa-zell'), n. [Fr. ma and de- 
moiselle.] A young woman, oi the title given to one ; miss. 

Ma'DI-A, n. A South American annual plant, cultivated for 
the oil yielded from its seeds by pressure. — P. Oyc. 

f MAD'ID, a. [L. madidus.] Wet ; moist. 

MADGE-H OWLET, n. [Fr. machette.] Anowl.—B.Jonson. 

MAD'LY, adv. 1. Without reason or understanding ; rash- 
ly ; wildly. 2. With infatuation or misguided zeal. 

MAD'MAN, n. 1. A man raving or furious with disordered 
intellect ; a distracted man ; a maniac. 2. A man with- 
out understanding. 3. One inflamed with extravagant 
passion, and acting contrary to reason. 

MADNESS, n. 1. A state of disordered reason or intellect, 
in which the patient raves or is furious. 2. Extreme folly ; 
headstrong passion and rashness that act in opposition to 
reason. 3. Wildness of passion. — Syn. Distraction ; de- 
rangement ; delirium ; craziness ; insanity ; lunacy ; ma- 
nia ; frenzy ; franticness ; rage ; fury. 

MA-Do'NA, in. [Sp. madona ; It. madonna.] A term of 

MA-DON'NA, 5 compellation, equivalent to madam. It is 
given to the Virgin Mary. 

MADTtE-PORE, n. [Fr. madre, and pore.] A genus of coral 
zoophytes. The species usually branch like trees and 
shrubs ; the surface is covered with small prominences 
containing each a cell. — Dana. 

MAD'RE-PO-RlTE, n. Fossil coral, or limestone composed 
of fossil corals. — Dana. 

MAD-RIeR' (mad-reer'), n. [Fr.] A thick plank armed with 
iron plates, with a cavity to receive the mouth of a pe- 
tard ; a plank used for supporting the earth in mines. 

MAD'RI-GAL, n. [Sp., Port., Fr. madrigal ; It. madrigale.] 
1. A little amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral 
poem. 2. An elaborate vocal composition, in five or six 
parts. 

MAD'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus alyssum. 

MaEL'STROM (m&l'strom), n. A celebrated whirlpool on 
the coast of Norway. 

MiERE, a. It is derived from the Saxon mer, famous, great, 
noted ; so jElmere is all-famous. — Gibson. — Todd. 



Ma-ES-To'SO. An Italian word, signifying majestic, a direc- 
tion in music to play the part with grandeur and strength. 

t MAF'FLE, v. i. To stammer,— Barret. 

MAF'FLER, n. A stammerer. — Ainsworth. 

MAG-A-ZiNE' (mag-a-zeen'), n. [Fr. magazin ; It. magazzino.j 
1. A store of arms, ammunition, or provisions : or the build- 
ing in which such store is deposited. — 2. In ships of war, a 
close room in the hold, where the gunpowder is kept. 3. 
A pamphlet periodically published, containing miscellane- 
ous papers or compositions. 

MAG-A-ZlN'ER, n. One who writes for a magazine. [Rare.] 

MAG'DA-LEN, n. A reformed prostitute. 

t MagE, n. A magician. — Spenser. 

MAg-EL-LAN'I€ -GLOUDS, n. pi. Three conspicuous neb 
ulae near the south pole, resembling thin, white clouds ; 
so called from Magellan, the navigator. — Olmsted. 

MAG-GlO'RE. [It.] In music, greater. 

MAG'GOT, n. [W. macai, pi. mdceiod, magiod.] 1. A worm 
or grub ; particularly, the fly-worm. 2. A whim ; an odd 
fancy; [low.] 

MAG'GOT-I-NESS, n. The state of abounding with maggots . 

MAG'GOT- Y,. a. 1. Full of maggots. 2. Full of whims ; 
whimsical ; capricious ; hence, maggoty-headed. 

Ma'gi, n. pi. [L.] Wise men or philosophers of the East. 

Ma'gI-AN, a. [L. magus ; Gr. juayoS.] Pertaining to the 
Magi, a sect of philosophers in Persia. 

Ma'gI-AN, n. One of the sect of the Persian Magi. 

Ma'GI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy of the Magi. 

MAG'IG, n. [L. magia; Gr. /jtayeta.] 1. The art or science 
of putting into action the power of spirits. 2. The secret 
operations of natural causes. — Natural magic, the art of 
employing the powers of nature to produce effects appar- 
ently supernatural. — Syn. Sorcery ; witchcraft ; necro- 
mancy; conjuration; enchantment. 

MAG'IG, } a. 1. Pertaining to magic ; used in magic. 2 

MAg'I€-AL, > Performed by magic, the agency of spirits, 
or by the invisible powers of nature. — Magic square, a se- 
ries of numbers in arithmetic progression so arranged in 
a square that the vertical, horizontal, and diagonal col- 
umns give the same sum. — Brande. 

MAg'IG-LAN'TERN, n. An optical instrument which, by 
means of a lamp and of small figures painted on transpar 
ent varnish or slides of glass, exhibits, in a dark room, im- 
ages of objects considerably magnified. 

MAd'IG-AL-LY, adv. By the arts of magic ; according to 
the rules or rites of magic ; by enchantment 

MA-Gi"CIAN (ma-jish'an), n. One skilled in magic ; one 
who practices the black art ; an enchanter ; a necroman- 
cer ; a sorcerer or sorceress. 

MA-GILP', n. A compound of linseed-oil and mastic-var- 
nish, used by artists as a vehicle for colors. — Brande. 

MA-GlS'TER, n. [L. master.] A title of the Middle Ages, 
equivalent to the modern title of doctor. — Brande. 

MAg-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a master ; such as 
suits a master. 2. Characterized by pride or arrogance. 
— 3. In chemistry, pertaining to magistery, which see.- 
Syn. Authoritative ; stately ; august ; pompous ; digni 
fied ; lofty ; commanding ; imperious ; lordly ; proud , 
haughty ; domineering ; despotic ; arrogant. 

MAg-IS-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. With the air of a master ; arro- 
gantly ; authoritatively. — South. 

MAG-IS-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. The air and manner of a mas- 
ter; haughtiness; imperiousness ; peremptoriness. 

t MAG'IS-TER-Y, n. [L. magisterium.] Among chemists, a 
precipitate ; a fine substance deposited by precipitation ; 
usually applied to particular kinds of precipitate, as of 
bismuth. 

MAGTS-TRA-CY, n. 1. The office or dignity of a magis 
trate. 2. The body of magistrates. 

t MAG'IS-TRAL, a. Suiting a magistrate ; authoritative. 

t MAg'IS-TRAL, n. A sovereign medicine or remedy. 

t MAG-IS-TRAL'1-TY, n. Despotic authority in opinion. 

t MAG'IS-TRAL-LY, adv. Authoritatively.— Bramhall. 

MAg'IS-TRaTE, n. [L. magistratus.] A public civil officer, 
invested with the executive or judicial authority, or some 
branch of it. 

MAg-IS-TRAT'IG, a. Havins the authority of a magistrate. 

MAG'IS-TRI-TURE, n. [Ft.] Magistracy. [Little used.] 

M AG'MA, n. A crude mixture of mineral or organic matter 
in a thin pasty state. — Ure. 

MAGNA GHIR'TA (-karta), n. [L. great charter.] 1. The 
Great Charter, so called, obtained by the English barons 
from King John, A.D. 1215. 2. A fundamental constitu 
tion which guarantees rights and privileges. 

MAG-NA-NIM'I-TY, n. [L. magnanimitas!] Greatness of 
mind ; that elevation or dignity of soul which encounters 
danger and trouble with tranquillity and firmness. 

MAG-NAN'I-MOUS, a. [L. magnanimus.] 1. Great of mind 
elevated in soul or in sentiment ; brave ; disinterested. 2 
Dictated by magnanimity ; exhibiting nobleness of soul , 
liberal and honorable ; not selfish. t 

MAG-NAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With greatness of mind ; 
bravely ; with dignity and elevation of sentiment. 



See Synopsis. A, E I, <fec, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M6VE, BQQK. 



MAG 



615 



MAI 



MAGNATE, n. ; pi. Magnates. A noble or grandee ; a per- 
son of rank or wealth ; [used chiefly in the plural.] 

MAG-Ne'SIA, n. [Fr. magnesie.] A primitive earth, having 
for its base a metallic substance sailed magnesium. It is a 
soft white powder, without taste or smell. It is used in 
medicine as an antacid and moderate purgative. 

MAG-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to magnesia; containing or 
resembling magnesia. 

MAG'NE-SlTE, n. A silicate of magnesia, containing a large 
quantity of water. The name is also given to a carbonate 
of magnesia. — Dana. 

MAG-Ne'SIUM, n. The metallic base of magnesia. 

MAG'NET, n. [L.] 1. The loadstone ; a term applied to cer- 
tain specimens of an ore of iron which has the peculiar 
properties of attracting iron and some of its ores, and of 
pointing to the poles. 2. A bar of steel to which the pe- 
culiar properties of the loadstone have been imparted. A 
bar of iron will receive temporarily the same properties 
under the action of a galvanic or electrical battery, and is 
then called an electro-magnet. — Dana. 

MAG-NETIC, n. A term applied to any metal, as iron, 
nickel, cobalt, &c, which may receive by any means the 
properties of the loadstone, and lie, when suspended in 
the direction of a magnetic meridian. — Dana. 

MAG-NETIC, > a. 1. Pertaining to the magnet ; possess- 

MAG-NET1C-AL, } ing the properties of the magnet, or 
corresponding properties. 2. Attractive. — Dana. 

MAG-NETIC NEE'DLE, n. A magnetized needle or small 
iron rod, turning on a pivot, principally used to determine 
the points of compass. 

MAG-NETIC TEL'E-GRAPH, n. The electro-magnetic tel- 
egraph ; an apparatus for conveying intelligence by means 
of electricity moving between two places on metallic wires. 
— S. F. B. Morse. See Electro-magnetic Telegraph. 

MAG-NETIC-AL-LY, adv. By means of magnetism ; by the 
power of attraction. — Burton. 

MAG-NET'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being magnetic. 

MAG-NET'I€S, n. The science of magnetism. 

MAG-NET-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing magnetism. 

MAG'NET-ISM, n. 1. That branch of science which treats 
of the properties of the magnet, the power of the load- 
stone, &,c. 2. Power of attraction. — Animal magnetism, a 
supposed agent of a peculiar and mysterious nature, said 
to have a powerful influence on the patient when acted 
upon by contact or voluntary emotion on the part of the 
operator.— See Mesmerism. 

MAG-NET-I-ZITION, n. The act of magnetizing. 

MAG'NET-lZE, v. t. To communicate magnetic properties 
to any thing. 

MAG'NET-lZE, v. i. To acquire magnetic properties ; to 
become magnetic. 

MAG'NET-lZ£D, pp. or a. Made magnetic. 

MAG'NET-lZ-ER, n. A person or thing which imparts mag- 
netism. 

MAG'NET-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Imparting magnetism to. 

MAG-Ne'TO-E-LE€'TRIC, a. Pertaining to magneto-elec- 
tricity. — Dana. 

MAG-NeTO-E-LEC-TRIC'I-TY, n. 1. Electricity evolved 
by magnets. — Silliman. 2. The science which treats of 
electricity thus evolved. 

MAG-NET-OM'E-TER, n. [magnet, and Gr. uerpov.] An in- 
strument to ascertain the force of magnetism. 

MAG-NET-O-Mo'TOR, n. A voltaic series of two or more 
large plates, producing a great quantity of electricity of 
low tension. — Brande. 

MAG'NI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be magnified ; worthy of 
being magnified or extolled. 

MAG-NIFIC, \a. [L. magnificus.] Grand; splendid ; il- 

MAG-NIF1C-AL, 5 lustrious.— Milton. 

MAG-NIF'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a magnificent manner. 

MAG-NIF'I-GAT. [L.] A term applied to the song of the 
Virgin Mary, Luke, i., 46, because it commences with this 
word in the Latin Vulgate. 

t MAG-NIF'IC-aTE, v. t. To magnify or extol.— Marston. 

MAG-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [L. magnificentia.] Grandeur of ap- 
pearance; greatness and splendor of show or state ; pomp. 

MAG-NIF'I-CENT, a. 1. Grand in appearance ; splendid ; 
pompous. 2. Exhibiting grandeur. 

MAG-NIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. 1. With splendor of appearance, 
or pomp of show. 2. With exalted sentiments. 

MAG-NIF'I-CO, n. {It.] A grandee of Venice.— Shale. 

MAG'NI-Fl-ER, n. " 1. One who magnifies ; one who extols 
or exalts in praises. 2. An optical instrument, either a 
convex lens 01 a concave mirror, which increases the ap- 
parent magnitude of bodies. 

MAG'NI-F?, v. t. [L. magniflco.] 1. To make great or great- 
er; to increase the apparent dimensions of a body. 2. To 
make great in representation ; to raise high in description 
or praise. 3. To elevate ; to raise in estimation. — Syn. To 
enlarge ; amplify ; augment ; exaggerate ; exalt ; extol ; 
praise. 

MACNI-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Enlarging apparent bulk or di- 
mensions ; extolling ; exalting. 



MAG-NIL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. magnus and loquens.\ A lofty 
manner of speaking ; tumid, pompous words or style. 

MAG-NIL'O-QUENT, a. Speaking loftily or pompously. 

MAG-NIL'O-QUENT-LY, adv. With loftiness or pomposity 
of language. 

MAG'NI-TUDE, n. [h.magnitudo.] 1. Extent of dimensions 
or parts; bulk; size. — 2. In geometry, that which i3 ex- 
tended, or which has one or more of the three dimensions, 
length, breadth, and thickness. — Day. 3. Greatness ; 
grandeur. 4. Greatness, in reference to influence or effect ; 
importance. 

MAG-No'LI-A, n. The name of a genus of plants, embracing 
the umbrella-tree and others, distinguished for the beauty 
of their flowers and foliage. 

MAG'PlE, 71. [W. piog ; L. pica, with mag.] A chattering 
bird of the crow tribe, the corvus pica of Linnams. — Magot- 
pie is used by Shakspeare. 

MAG'UEY, n. A species of agave, or American aloe, in Mex- 
ico, of great value, as being wrought into paper, cordage, 
and other important fabric s.— Humboldt. 

MA-Ha/LEB, n. [Arabic] A species of cherry, whose fruit 
affords a violet dye and a fermented liquor like kirsch- 
wasser. — Ure. 

MA-HOG A-NY, n. A tree growing in the tropical climates 
of America; also its wood, which is used for making 
beautiful and durable cabinet furniture. 

MA-HOM'ET-AN, ) This word and the name of the Arabian 

MO-HAM'MED-AN, 3 prophet, so called, are written in 
many different ways. The best authorized and most cor- 
rect orthography seems to be Mohammed, Mohammedan. 
See Mohammedan. 

MA-HOM'ET-AN-ISM. See Mohammedism. 

Ma'HOUND, n. Formerly, a contemptuous name for Mo- 
hammed and the devil, &c. — Skelton. 

MaID, n. A species of skate-fish. 

MXID'-SERV-ANT, n. A female servant.— Swift. 

MaID, > n. [Sax. magth ; G. magd.] 1. An unmanned 

MaID'.EN, 5 woman, or a young unmarried woman ; a 
virgin. 2. A female servant. 3. It is used in composition 
to express the feminine gender, as in maid-servant. 

MaID'_EN (mad'n), n. I. A maid. 2. An instrument resem- 
bling the guillotine, formerly used for beheading criminals 
3. A machine for washing linen. 

MiID'£N (mad'n), a. 1. Pertaining to a young woman 01 
virgin. 2. Consisting of young women or virgins. 3 
Fresh ; new ; unused , as, maiden sword. — Shak. A maid- 
en speech, the first speech of a new member in a public 
body. 

MIID'.EN, v. i. To speak and act demurely or modestly. 

MIID'.EN-AS-SlZE', n. In England, an assize at which nc 
one is condemned to die ; literally, an assize which is un 
polluted with blood. — Smart. It was usual at such an as 
size for the sheriff to present the judge with a pah- oi 
white gloves. — Boswell. 

MaID'£N-LiKE, a. Like a maid ; modest. — Shak. 

MaID'SN-LIP, n. A plant. — Ainsworth. 

MaID'.EN-HaIR, n. A species of fern of the genus adiantum. 

MIID'£N-HOOD, 1 n. [Sax. magdenhad, mtzdenhad.] 1. The 

MaID'£N-HeAD, 5 state of being a maid or virgin ; vir- 
ginity. 2. Newness ; freshness ; uncontaminated state.- 
Shak. 

MaID'jEN-LI-NESS, n. The behavior that becomes a maid • 
modesty ; gentleness. — Sherwood. 

MaID'.EN-LY, a. Like a maid ; gentle ; modest. 

MaID'.EN-LY, adv. In a maiden-like manner. 

MaID'HOOD, n. Virginity.— Shak. 

t MaID-MaHI-AN, n. Originally, the lady of the May 
games in a morris dance : afterward, a character persona- 
ted by a man in woman's clothes ; also, the name of a 
dance. — Toone. — Smart. 

MaID'PaLE, a. Pale, like a sick girl.— Shak. 

MaIL, n. [Fr. maille.] 1. A coat of steel net-work, formerly 
worn for defending the body against swords, poniards, 
&c. 2. Armor ; that which defends the body. — 3. In 
ships, a square machine composed of rings interwoven, 
like net-work, used for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines 
and white cordage. 4. [Sax. mal.] A rent; also, a spot; 
[obs.] 

MaIL, n, [Fr. malette, malle.] 1. A bag for the conveyance 
of letters and papers, particularly letters conveyed from 
one post-office to another. 2. The coach or carriage in 
which the mail is conveyed. 

MaIL, v. t. 1. To put on a coat of mail or armor ; to arm 
defensively. — Shak. 2. To prepare for transmission by 
the mail from one post-office to another. 

MilL'-CLAD, a. Clad with a coat of mail.— Scott. 

MaIL'-CoACH, n. A coach that conveys the public mails. 

MaIL'-SHeATKED, a. Sheathed with a coat of maiL- 
Scott. 

MaIL'-STagE, n. A stage or coach for conveying the mails 
a mail-coach. [America.] 

MaIL'A-BLE, a. That may properly be received into the 
mail. 



DOVE — BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ir. this, t Obsolete 



MAI 



61b 



MAK 



MiLILiJD, pp. 1. Covered with a coat of man or with armor ; 
prepared for transmission by the mail. — 2. a. In zoology, 
protected by an external coat or covering of scales or 
hard substances. 3. Spotted ; speckled. 

MIIL'ING, ppr. Investing with a coat of mail ; preparing 
for transmission by the mail. 

MUM, v. t. [Old Fr. mahemer, or mahaigner.] 1. To deprive 
of the use of a limb, so as to render a person less able to 
defend himself in fighting, or to annoy his adversary. 2. 
To deprive of a necessary part ; to disable. — Syn. To mu- 
tilate ; mangle ; cripple. 

MUM, ii. [written, in law language, mayhem.] 1. The pri- 
vation of the use of a limb or member of the body. 2. 
The privation of any necessary part ; a crippling. 3. In- 
jury; mischief. — Shafc. 4. Essential defect; as, "a noble 
author esteems it to be a maim in history ;" [obs.] 

MIIM.ED, pp. or a. Crippled ; disabled in limbs ; lame. 

MaIM'ED-NESS, n. A state of being maimed. 

MaIM'ING, ppr. Disabling by depriving of the use of a limb ; 
crippling ; rendering lame or defective. 

MaIN, a. [Sax. magn.] 1. First in 6ize, rank, importance, 
&c. ; as, main building, main ocean. 2. That which has 
most power in producing an effect, is chiefly aimed at ; as, 
main purpose or interest. 3. Mighty ; vast. — Shak. 4. 
Important; powerful. Davies. — Syn. Principal; chief; 
leading; cardinal; capital. 

MaIN, n. 1. Strength ; force ; violent effort. 2. The gross ; 
the bulk ; the greater part. 3. The ocean ; the great sea, 
as distinguished from rivers, bays, sounds, and the like. 4. 
The continent, as distinguished from an isle. 5. A hamp- 
er. 6. A course ; a duct. — For the main, in the main, for 
the most part. 

MaIN, n. [L. manus ; Fr. main.] 1. A hand at dice ; [obs.] 
2. A match at cock-fighting. 

MaIN'-DE-GK, n. The deck next below the spar-deck, in 
frigates and seventy -fours. — Totten. 

MaIN'-KEEL, n. The principal keel, as distinguished from 
the false keel. 

MaIN'-LAND, n. The continent ; the principal land, as op- 
posed to an isle. 

MaIN'-MaST, n. The principal mast in a ship. 

MaIN'-SaIL, n. The principal sail in a ship. 

MaIN'-SHEET, n. The sheet that extends and fastens the 
main-sail. 

MaIN'-TOP, n. The top of the main-mast of a ship or brig. 

MaIN'-YaRD, n. The yard on which the main-sail is ex- 
tended, supported by the main-mast. 

MaIN'LY, adv. 1. Chiefly ; principally. 2. Greatly ; to a 
great degree ; mightily. — Bacon. 

MaIN'OR, n. [Old Fr. manoevre, meinour.] The old law 
phrase, to be taken as a thief with the mainor, signifies, to be 
taken in the very act of killing venison or stealing wood, 
or in preparing so to do ; or it denotes the being taken 
with the thing stolen upon him. 

MaIN'PERN-A-BLE, a. That may be admitted to give 
surety by mainpernors ; that may be mainprized. 

MaIN'PERN-OR, n. [Old Fr. main, and prendre.] In law, a 
surety for a prisoner's appearance in court at a day. 

MaIN'PRiZE, n. [Fr. main and pris.] 1. In law, a writ di- 
rected to the sheriff, commanding him to take sureties for 
the prisoner's appearance, and to let him go at large. 2. 
Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance 
at a day. 

MaIN'PRiZE, v. t. To suffer a prisoner to go at large, on 
his finding sureties, mainpernors, for his appearance at a 
day. 

MaIN'PRiZ.ED, pp. Bailed ; suffered to go at large, upon 
giving security for appearance. 

MaIN'SWEaR, v. i. [Sax. manswerian.] To swear falsely ; 
to perjure one's self. — Blount. 

MAIN-TUN', v. t. [Fr. maintenir.] 1. To hold, preserve, or 
keep in any particular state or condition ; to support ; to 
sustain ; not to suffer to fail or decline. 2. To hold ; to 
keep ; not to lose or surrender. 3. To continue ; not to 
suffer to cease. 4. To keep up; to uphold; to support 
the expense of. 5. To support with food, clothing, and 
other conveniences. 6. To support by intellectual powers, 
or by force of reason. 7. To support ; to defend ; to vin- 
dicate ; to justify ; to prove to be just. 8. To support by 
assertion or argument ; to affirm ; to assert. 

MAIN-TaIN', v. i. To affirm a position ; to assert. 

MAIN-TaIN A-BLE, a. 1. That may be maintained, support- 
ed, preserved, or sustained. 2. That may be defended or 
kept by force or resistance. 3. That may be defended by 
argument or just claim ; vindicable ; defensible. 
MAIN-TaIN ED', pp. Kept in any state ; preserved ; up- 
held ^supported ; defended; vindicated. 
MAIN-TaIN'ER, ii. One who supports, preserves, sustains, 

or vindicates. 
MAIN-TaIN'ING, ppr. Supporting ; preserving ; upholding ; 

defending ; vindicating. 
MAIN-TIIN'OR, n. One who aids others with money in 
maintaining a suit in which he has no interest. 



MaIN'TE-NANCE, n. 1. Sustenance ; sustentation ; support 
by means of supplies of food, clothing, and other con- 
veniences. 2. Means of support; that which supplies 
conveniences. 3. Support ; protection ; defense ; vindi- 
cation. 4. Continuance ; security from failure or decline. 
— 5. In law, an officious intermeddling in a suit in which 
the person has no interest, by furnishing aid in money, &c 

t MaIS'TER, for master. — Spenser. 

t MIIS'TRESS, for mistress.— Chaucer. 

MaIZE, n. A plant, zea mays, the native corn of America, 
called Indian corn, much cultivated for food. 

t MAJ-ES-TAT'IC, ( a. Great in appearance ; having 

tMAJ-ES-TATI€-AL, 5 dignity.— Pococke. 

MA-JES'TIC, a. 1. Having dignity of person or appearance. 
2. Having splendor or magnificence. 3. Having elevation 
of thought or style. 4. With stateliness ; becoming maj 
esty. — Syn. August ; splendid ; grand ; sublime ; magnifi- 
cent ; imperial ; regal ; royal ; pompous ; stately ; lofty , 
dignified ; elevated. 

MA-JES'TI€-AL, a. Majestic. [Little used.] 

MA-JES'TIC-AL-LY, adv. With dignity ; with grandeur , 
with a lofty air or appearance. 

MA-JES'TI€-AL-NESS, ii. State or manner of being ma- 
jestic. — Olden b urg. 

MAJ'ES-TY, n. [L. majestas.] 1. Greatness of appearance , 
dignity ; grandeur ; state ; dignity of aspect or manner , 
the quality or state of a person or thing which inspires 
awe or reverence in the beholder. 2. Dignity ; elevation 
of manner. 3. A title of emperors, kings, and queens. 

Ma'JOR, a. [L.] 1. Greater in number, quantity, or extent 
2. Greater in dignity. — 3. In music, an epithet applied to 
the modes in which the third is four semitones above the 
tonic or key-note, and to intervals consisting of four sem- 
itones. 

Ma'JOR, n. 1. In military affairs, an officer next in rank 
above a captain, and below a lieutenant-colonel. 2. The 
mayor of a town. See Mayor. 

Ma'JOR, n. In law, a person of full age to manage his own 
concerns. 

Ma'JOR, re. In logic, that premise which contains the ma- 
jor term ; it is the first proposition of a regular syllogism. 
— In hypothetical syllogisms, the hypothetical premise is 
called the major. — The major term of a syllogism is that 
which forms the predicate of the conclusion. 

Ma'JOR-Do'MO, re. [major and domus.] A man who holds 
the place of master of the house ; a steward ; also, a chief 
minister. 

Ma'JOR-gEN'ER-AL, n. A military officer who •commands 
a division ; the next in rank above a brigadier-generU. 

Ma-JOR-aT' (ma-zho-ra'), n. [Fr. from major.] The right 
of succession to property according to age or majority. - 
Br and e. 

t MAJ-OR-A'TION, n. Increase ; enlargement. — Bacon. 

MA-JOR'I-TY, n. [Fr. majorite.] 1. The greater number , 
more than half. 2. Full age ; the age at which the lawo 
of a country permit a young person to manage his own 
affairs. 3. The office, rank, or commission of a major. 4. 
The state of being greater ; [little used.] 5. [L. majores.] 
Ancestors ; ancestry ; [obs.] 6. Chief rank ; [obs.] 

MA-JUS'CU-L^E, n. pi. [L.] Capital letters, in which Latin 
manuscripts, before the sixth century, were generally 
written . — Brande. 

M5.KE, v. t. ; pret. and pp. made. [Sax. macian ; G. machen , 
D. maaken.] 1. To compel ; to constrain. 2. To form of 
materials ; to fashion ; to mold into shape ; to cause to 
exist in a different form, or as a distinct thing. 3. To 
create ; to cause to exist ; to form from nothing. 4. To 
compose ; to constitute as parts, materials, or ingredients 
united in a whole. 5. To form by art. 6. To produce or 
effect, as the agent. 7. To produce, as the cause ; to pro- 
cure ; to obtain. 8. To do ; to perform ; to execute, as a 
tour. 9. To cause to have any quality, as by change or 
alteration. 10. To bring into any state or condition ; to 
constitute. 11, To contract ; to establish. — Rowe. 12. To 
keep, as abode. — Dryden. 13. To raise to good fortune ; 
to secure in riches or happiness. 14. To suffer, as ship- 
wreck. 15. To incur ; [improper.] 16. To commit ; to 
do. — Dryden; [little used.] 17. To intend or to do ; to 
purpose to do ; [obs.] 18. To raise, as profit ; to gain ; to 
collect. 19. To discover ; to ai-rive in sight of, as land ; 
[a seaman's phrase.] 20. To reach ; to arrive at, as the 
shore ; [a seaman's phrase.] 21. To gain by advance. 22. 
To provide, as a feast. 23. To put or place, as a differ- 
ence. 24. To turn ; to convert, as to use. 25. To repre- 
sent. 26. To constitute; to form. 27. To induce ; to cause. 

28. To put into a suitable or regular form for use, as a lied. 

29. To fabricate ; to forge. 30. To compose, as poetry ,• 
to form and put forth, as a speech. 31. To cure ; to dry 
and prepare for preservation, as hay. 

To make amends, to make good ; to give adequate compen- 
sation ; to replace the value or amount of loss.— To make 
account of, to esteem ; to regard.— To make away. 1. To 
kill; to destroy. 2. To alienate; to transfer. Waller.— 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, k, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



MAL 



617 



MAL 



fo make free with, to treat with freedom ; to treat without 
seremony. — To make good. 1. To maintain ; to defend. — 
Dryden. 2. To fulfill ; to accomplish. 3. To make com- 
pensation for ; to supply an equivalent. — To make light of, 
to consider as of no consequence ; to treat with indiffer- 
ence or contempt. — To make love, or to make suit, to court ; 
to attempt to gain the favor or affection. — To make merry, 
to feast; to be joyful or jovial. — To make much of, to treat 
with fondness or esteem ; to consider as of great value, or 
as giving great pleasure. — To make of. 1. To understand ; 
as, I can make nothing of the account 2. To produce 
from ; to effect 3. To consider ; to account ; to esteem. 
—To make over, to transfer the title of; to convey; to 
alienate. — To make out. 1. To learn ; to discover ; to ob- 
tain a clear understanding of. 2. To prove ; to evince ; to 
establish by evidence or argument. 3. To furnish ; to 
find or supply. — To make sure of. 1. To consider as cer- 
tain. 2. To secure to one's possession. — To make up. 1. 
To collect into a sum or mass. 2. To reconcile ; to com- 
pose. 3. To repair. 4. To supply what is wanting. 5. 
To compose, as ingredients or parts. 6. To shape, pre- 
pare, or fabricate, as clothes. 7. To assume a particular 
form of features. 8. To compensate ; to make good. 9. 
To settle ; to adjust, or to arrange for settlement. 10. To 
determine ; to bring to a definite conclusion. — In seamen's 
language, to make sail, to increase the quantity of sail 
already extended. — To make siernway, to move with the 
stern foremost. — To make water, to leak. — To make words, 
to multiply words. 

*GKE, v. i. 1. To tend ; to proceed ; to move. 2. To con- 
tribute ; to have effect. 3. To rise ; to flow toward land, 
as water. — To make as if, to show ; to appear : to carry 
appearance. — To make way with, to kill ; to destroy. — To 
make for. 1. To move toward ; to direct a course toward. 
2. To tend to advantage ; to favor. — To make against, to 
tend to injury. — To make out, to succeed ; to have success 
at last. — To make up, to approach. — To make up for, to 
compensate ; to supply by an equivalent. — To make up 
with, to settle differences ; to become friends. — To make 
with, to concur. — Hooker. 

MaKE, n. Structure ; texture ; constitution of parts in a 
body. 

/ MaKE, n. [Sax. maca, gemaca.] A companion ; a mate. — 
Spenser._ 

MaKE'-PeACE, n. A peace-maker ; one who reconciles 
persons when at variance. — Shak. 

MaKE'-WEIGHT (-wate), n. That which is thrown into a 
scale to make weight.— Phillips. 

MaKE'BaTE, n. [make, and Sax. bate.] One who excites 
contentions and quarrels. — Sidney. 

\ MaKE LESS, a. Matchless ; without a mate 

MIK'ER, n. 1. The Creator. 2. One who makes, forms, 
shapes, or molds ; a manufacturer. 3. A poet. 

Ma'KI, n. An animal of the genus lemur. See Lemur. 

MaK'ING, ppr. Forming ; causing ; compelling ; creating ; 
constituting. 

MIKING, n. 1. The act of forming, causing, or constitut- 
ing. 2. Workmanship. 3. Composition ; structure. — 4. 
In old writers, a poem. 

MAL, ) [Fr. mal; L. malus,] as a prefix, in composition, de- 

MALE, ) notes ill or evil. 

MAL'A-CHlTE, n. [Gr. fxaXuxv-] Native carbonate of cop- 
per. — Green malachite occurs in mammillary masses, con- 
sisting of concentric layers having a fibrous structure. It 
admits of a high polish. — Blue malachite is found both in 
crystals and as" an incrustation.— Dana. 

MAL'A-€0-LlTE, n. [Gr. piaXaxri-] Another name for di- 
opside, a variety of pyroxene. — Lunier. 

MAL-A-€OL'O-0IST, n. One who treats of the mollusca. 

MAL-A-€0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. paXaKos and Aoyoff.] In natural 
history, the science of the structure and habits of soft ani- 
mals, or mollusca. 

MAL-A-€OP-TE-RYii'I-AN, n. One of the order of mala- 
copterygious fishes. 

MAL-A-eOP-TE-RY6'I-OUS, a. [Gr. na\a*o$ and -repvytov.] 
Having soft fins, or fins whose rays, except the anterior 
ray of the pectoral and dorsal fins, are soft ; applied to 
such fishes as the pike, shad, &c. 

MAL-A-COS'TO-MOUS, a. [Gr. M «Aa/cos and croua.] Hav- 
ing soft jaws without teeth, as a fish. 

MAL-A-€OS'TRA-€AN, n. A crustacean of the division 
malacostraca, in Cuvier's system, as the shrimp, lobster, 
crab, &.c. The term is sometimes applied to the Crusta- 
cea in general. — Dana. 

MAL.A-€OS.TRA-€OL'0-(iY, n. [Gr. naUicos, ocrpaicov, and 
Aoyof.] The science of Crustacea ; called, also, crustace- 
ology. 

MAL-A-€03'TRA-€OUS, a. Belonging to a section of crus- 
taceous animals called malacostraca. 

MAL-AD-JUST'MENT, n. An evil or wrong adjustment 

MAL-AD-MIN-IS-TRITION, n. Bad management of pub- 
he affairs ; vicious or defective '.onduct in administration. 

MAL-A-DROIT'NESS, n. Bad dexterity. 



MAL'A-DY, n. |Fr. maladit ; It. malatiia.] i. Any sickness 
or disease of the human body ; a lingering or deep-seated 
disorder or indisposition. 2. Defect" or corruption of the 
heart ; depravity ; moral disorder or corruption of moral 
principles. 3. Disorder of the understanding or mind. 

MA' LA Fl'DE. [L.] With bad faith; deceitfully; treach 
erously. 

MAL'A-GA, n. A species of wine imported from Malaga. 

MALAN-DERS, n.pl. [from mal, and It. andare.] Ulcerous 
chaps inside of a horse's legs. 

MAL'A-PERT, a. [mal and pert.] Saucy; quick, with impu 
dence ; sprightly, without respect or dece.xy ; bold ; for 
ward. 

MALA-PERT-LY, adv. Saucily ; with impudence. 

MAL'A-PERT-NESS, n. Sauciness ; impudent pertness ui 
forwardness ; sprightliness of reply, without decency. 

MAL-AP-RO-P6S (mal-ap-ro-po'), adv. [Fr.] Unseasonably, 
unsuitably. 

Ma'LAR, a. [L. mala.] Pertaining to the cheek 

MA-La'RI-A, it. [It. mal and aria.] Unhealthy air ; an ex 
halation producing disease. 

MA-LI'RI-AJU ' s a ' 1>ertaimn ? t0 or infected by malaria 

Ma'LATE, n. [L. malum.] A salt formed by the malic acid, 
the acid of apples, combined with a base. 

t MA-LAX'aTE, v. t. [Gr. paXaicu).] To soften ; to knead 
to softness. 

MAL-AX-a'TION, n. The act of moistening and softening; 
or the forming of ingredients into a mass for pills or plas- 
ters. [Little used.] 

MAL-CON-FORM-a'TION, n. DJ form; disproportion of 
parts. — Tully. 

* MAL'€ON-TENT, n. [mal and content.] A discontented 

subject of government ; one who murmurs at or opposes 
the laws and administration. 

* MAL'€ON-TENT, la. Discontented with the laws or 

* MAL-CON-TENTED, 5 the administration of govern- 

ment ; uneasy ; dissatisfied with the government 

* MAL-CON-TENTED-LY, adv. With discontent 

* MAL-CON-TENTED-NESS, n. Discontenteduess with the 

government ; dissatisfaction ; want of attachment to the 
government manifested by overt acts. 

MALE, a. [Fr. male.] 1. Pertaining to the sex that procre- 
ates young, and applied to animals of all kinds. 2. A term 
- denoting the sex of a plant which produces the fecunda- 
ting dust, or a flower or plant that bears the stamens only, 
without pistils. 3. A term denoting the screw whose 
threads enter the grooves or channels of the correspond- 
ing, or female screw. 

MILE, n. 1. Among animals, one of the sex whose office 
is to beget young: a he-animal. — 2. In botany, a plant oi 
flower which produces stamens only, without pistils. — 3 
In mechanics, the screw whose threads enter the grooves 
or channels of the corresponding part, or female screw. 

MILE-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having the spirit of a man; high- 
minded.— -Ben Jonson. 

MAL-E-Dl'CEN-CY, n. [L. maledicentia.] Evil speaking ; re- 
proachful language ; proneness to reproach. [Little used.] 

MAL'E-DI-CENT, a. Speaking reproachfully; slanderous 
— Sandys. [Little used.] 

t MAL-E-DI€T'ED, a. Accursed.— Diet. 

MAL-E-DIC'TION, n. [L. maledictio.] Evil speaking; de- 
nunciation of evil. — Syn. Cursing ; curse ; execration ; 
imprecation ; anathema. 

MAL-E-F ACTION, n. [L. male wadfacio.] A criminal deed ; 
a crime ; an offense against the laws. [Rare.] 

MAL-E-F ACTOR, n. One who commits a crime. — Syn. 
Evil-doer ; criminal ; culprit ; felon : convict. 

t MA-LEF'I-G, a. [L. maleficus.] Mischievous ; hurtful. 

tMAL'E-FICE, n. [Fr.] An evil deed ; artifice; enchanw 
ment. — Chaucer. 

MA-LEF'I-CENCE, n. The doing of harm or injury. 

MA-LEFI-CENT, a. Doing harm or injury. 

t MAL-E-Fl"CUTE (-fish'ate). v. t. To bewitch.— Burton. 

tMAL-E-Fi'CI-7v'TION (-fish-c-a'shun), n. A bewitching. 

MAL-E-Fl"CIENCE (-iish'ens) n. [L. maleficicntia.] The do- 
ing of evil, harm, or mischief. 

MAL-E-Fl"CIENT, a. Doing evil, harm, or mischief. 

MA-LE'I€ ACID, n. An acid obtained by distilling malic 
acid. 

t MA-LEN'GiNE. n. [rr. malengin.] Guile; deceit. 

t MAL'ET, n. [Fr. malclte.] A little bag or budget ; a port- 
manteau. — Shelton. 

MA-LEV'O-LENCE. n. [L. malcxolentia.] Ill will ; personal 
hatred ; evil disposition toward another ; enmity of heart ; 
inclination to injure others. It expresses less than malig 
nity. — SJiak.. 

MA-LEV'O-LENT, a. 1. Having an evil disposition toward 
another or others : wishing evil to others, or disposed to 
injure others. 2. Unfavorable ; unpropitious ; bringing 
calamity. — Syn. ni-disposed ; envious ; mischievous ; evil- 
minded ; spiteful ; resentful ; malicious ; malignant ; ran- 



D(WF ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MAL 



618 



MAM 



MA-LEV'O-LENT-LY, adv. With ill-will or enmity; with 
the wish or design to injure. 

fMA-LEV'O-LOUS, a. Malevolent— Warburton. 

MAL-EX-E-€u'TION, n. Evil or wrong execution ; bad ad- 
ministration. — D. Webster. 

MAL-FeA'SANCE (-fe'zans), n. [Fr.] Evil doing ; wrong ; 
illegal deed. — In law, the performance of some injurious 
act which the party had contracted not to do ; or had no 
right to do.— Bouvier. 

MAL-FORM-a'TION, n. [mal and formation.] Ill or wrong 
formation ; irregular or anomalous formation or structure 
of parts. — Darwin. 

Ma'LI€, a. [L. malum.] Pertaining to apples ; drawn from 
the juice of apples ; as, malic acid. [Chemistry.] 

MAL'lCE, n. [Fr., It. malizia ; Sp. malicia; L. malitia.] Ex- 
treme enmity of heart ; a disposition to injure others with- 
out cause. — Syn. Ill-will ; malevolence ; grudge ; pique ; 
spite ; bitterness ; malignity ; maliciousness ; rancor. 

I MAL'lCL, v. t. To regard with extreme ill-will. 

MAL'I-CHO, n. The corruption of a Spanish word signify- 
ing mischief. — Shak. 

MA-Ll"CIOUS (ma-lish'us), a. 1. Harboring ill-will or enmi- 
ty without provocation. 2. Proceeding from extreme ha- 
tred or ill-will ; dictated by malice ; as, malicious arts. — 
Malicious prosecution or arrest, in law, a wanton prosecu- 
tion by regular process, without probable cause. Bouvier. 
— Syn. Ill-disposed ; evil-minded ; mischievous ; envious ; 
malevolent ; invidious ; spiteful ; resentful ; bitter ; malig- 
nant; rancorous. 

MA-Ll"CIOUS-LY, adv. With malice ; with extreme enmi- 
ty or ill-will ; with deliberate intention to injure. 

MA-Li"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being malicious ; 
extreme enmity or disposition to injure ; malignity. 

MA-LlGN' (ma-line'), a. [Fr. maligne ; L. malignus.] 1. 
Having a very evil disposition toward others ; harboring 
violent hatred or enmity ; malicious. 2. Unfavorable ; 
pernicious; tending to injure. 3. Malignant; pernicious. 

RIA-LlGN' (ma-line'), v. t. To regard with envy or malice ; 
to treat with extreme enmity ; to injure maliciously. 2. 
To traduce ; to defame. 

MA-LlGN' (ma-line'), v. i. To entertain malice. — Milton. 

MA-LIG'NAN-CY, n. 1. Extreme malevolence ; bitter en- 
mity ; malice. 2. Unfavorableness ; unpropitiousness. 
3. Virulence ; tendency to mortification or to a fatal issue. 

MA-LIG'NANT, a. [L. malignus.] 1. Having extreme ma- 
levolence or enmity. 2. Unpropitious ; exerting perni- 
cious influence, as stars. — Shak. 3. Virulent, as a boil. 4. 
Dangerous to life, as a fever. 5. Extremely heinous. — 
Syn. Malicious ; malevolent ; bitter ; rancorous ; spiteful ; 
resentful ; envious ; malign. 

f MA-LIG'NANT, n. 1. A man of extreme enmity or evil in- 
tentions. — Hooker. 2. A name of reproach for a Puritan. 

MA-LIG'NANT-LY, adv. 1. Maliciously ; with extreme ma- 
levolence. 2. With pernicious influence. 

MA-LIGN.ED' (ma-lind'), pp. Regarded with envy or mal- 
ice ;_ treated with extreme enmity ; traduced ; defamed. 

MA-LTGN'ER (ma-lin'er), n. One who regards or treats an- 
other with enmity ; a traducer ; a defamer. 

MA-LlGN'ING (ma-line'ing), ppr. Traducing ; defaming. 

MA-LIG'NI-TY, n. [L. malignitas.] 1. Extreme enmity ; or 
evil dispositions of heart toward another without provoca- 
tion, or with baseness of heart. 2. Destructive tendency. 
3. Extreme evilness of nature. 4. Extreme sinfulness. — 
Syn. Malice ; maliciousness ; rancor ; spite ; malevolence ; 
ill-will ; virulence ; malignancy ; destructiveness ; hein- 
ousness; enormity. 

MA-LlGN'LY (ma-llnely), adv. 1. With extreme ill-will. 
2. Unpropitiously; perniciously. 

MA-LIN"GER, v. i. Among soldiers, to feign illness, or to 
protract disease, in order to avoid duty. — T. B. Macauley. 

MA-LIN"GER-ER, n. [Fr. malingre.] A soldier who feigns 
himself sick, or designedly protracts disease, in order to 
avoid duty. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

MA-LIN"GER-Y, n. A feigning of illness, or protracting of 
disease, in order to avoid duty. 

tMAL'I-SON (mal'e-zn), n. Malediction.— Chaucer. 

MAL'KIN (maVkin), n. A mop; hence, a dirty drab.— 
Shak. 

MALL (mawl), n. [Fr. mail ; Sp. mallo.] 1. A large, heavy, 
wooden beetle ; an instrument for driving any thing with 
force. 2. A blow ; [obs.] 
•"MALL (mal), n. [Arm. mailh.] A public walk; a level, 
shaded walk. 

MALL, v. t. To beat with a mall ; to beat with something 
heavy ; to bruise. 

MAL'LARD, n. 1. A drake. 2. The common wild duck. 

MAL-LE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. That quality of bodies which ren- 
ders them susceptible of extension by beating ; opposed 
to brittleness. 

MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be drawn out and ex- 
tended by beating ; capable of extension by the hammer. 
— Malleable iron is cast iron which, by a peculiar process, 
has been deprived of its carbon, and thus freed from its 



brittleness. The term is particularly applied to castings, 
as buckles, carriage furniture, &c, which have undergone 
this process. 

MAL'LE-A-BLE-NESS, n. Malleability. 

MAL'LE-aTE, v. t. To hammer ; to draw into a plate or 
leaf by beating. 

MAL'LE-a-TED, pp. Hammered ; drawn into a plate by 
beating. 

MAL-LE-a'TION, n. The act of beating into a plate or leaf 
as a metal ; extension by beating. 

MALL-ED, pp. Beaten with something heavy ; bruised. 

MAL'LET, n. [Fr. maillet.] A wooden hammer or instru • 
ment for beating, or for driving pins, chisels, &c. 

MALLTNG (maul'ing), ppr. Bruising; beating with some 
thing heavy. 

MAL'LoW, }n. [Sax. main, mealwe, malwe.] A plant of 

MAL'LoWS, 3 the genus malva ; so called from its emolli- 
ent qualities. Its fruit is a depressed disk, called by the 
country people a cheese. Brande. — Marsh-mallows, a plant 
of the genus althaa. 

MiiLM'SEY (mam'ze), n. [Fr. malvoisie; It. malvosio; from 
Malvasia, in Greece.] The name of a sort of grape, and 
also of a strong and sweet wine. 

MAL-o'DOR, n. An offensive odor. 

MAL-PO-Sl"TION (-zish'un), n. A false or erroneous position. 

MAL-PRA€TlCE, n. Evil practice; illegal or immoral 
conduct ; practice contrary to established rules. 

MALT, n. [Sax. mealt ; Sw., Dan. malt.] Barley or other 
grain steeped in water till it germinates, and then dried in 
a kiln, thus evolving the saccharine principle. It is used 
in brewing. 

MALT, v. t. To make into malt ; as, to malt barley. 

MALT, v. i. To become malt. 

MALT-DRINK, \ n. A liquor prepared for drink by an in- 

MALT-LIQ-UOR, 5 fusion of malt, as beer, ale, porter, &c. 

MALT-DUST, n. The grains or remains of malt. 

MALT-FLoOR, n. A floor for drying malt. — Mortimer. 

MALT-HORSE, n. A horse employed in grinding malt; 
hence, a dull fellow. — Shak. 

MALT-W6RM, n. [malt and worm.] A tippler. — Shak. 

MALTING, n. The act of making malt. 

MALTMAN, In. A man whose occupation is to make 

MALTSTER, 5 malt.— Swift. 

t MALTA-LENT, n. [Old Fr.] Ill-humor.— Chaucer. 

MALTHA, n. A variety of bitumen. 

MAL-TReAT, v. t. To treat ill ; to abuse ; to treat roughly, 
rudely, or with unkindness. 

MAL-TREATED,£p. Ill treated ; abused. 

MAL-TReATING, ppr. Abusing ; treating unkindly. 

MAL-TREATMENT, n. Ill treatment ; ill usage; abuse. 

MILUM IN Se. [L.] An evil in itself. 

MIL UM PR O-HIB'I-TUM. [L.] That which is wrong be- 
causeforbidden by law. — Blackstone. 

MAL-Va'CEOUS (mal-va'shus), a. [L. malvaceus.] Pertain- 
ing to mallows, or the group of plants to which they be- 
long. 

MAL-VER-Sa'TION, n. [L. male and versor.] Evil conduct ; 
improper or wicked behavior ; mean artifices, or fraudu- 
lent tricks ; corruption or extortion in office. — Burke. 

MAM, ) n. [L. mamma ; W. mam ; Arm. mamm, ; Gr. 

MAM-Ma', 3 ixauurj.] A familiar word for mother, used by 
young children. 

MAM'A-LUKE, }n. A term applied to a military force in 

MAM'E-LUKE, > Egypt, which was destroyed by the pa- 
shaw in 1811. 

MAM'MAL, n. ; pi. Mammals. [L. mamma.] In zoology, an 
animal that suckles its young. See Mammalia. 

MAM-Ma'LI-A, n. pi. A class of animals comprehending 
those which suckle their young. They are vertebrated 
animals, with warm, red blood, and a double system of 
circulation. They bring forth their young alive. 

MAM-Ma'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to the mammalia. 

MAM-MA-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [mammalia and L. fero.] A term 
applied to strata containing mammiferous remains. 

MAM-MAL'O-GIST, n. One who treats of mammiferous an- 
imals, or mammalia. 

MAM-MAL'0-6Y, n. [L. mamma, and Gr. \oyos.] The sci- 
ence or doctrine of mammiferous animals, or mammalia. 

MAM'MA-RY, a. Pertaining to the breasts or paps. 

MAM-MEE', n. A fruit-tree of tropical America, and its fruit. 
The latter is large, covered with a thick, tough rind, and 
containing a bright-yellow pulp, of a pleasant taste and fra- 
grant scent. 

MAM'MER, v. i. To hesitate.— Drant. 

MAM'MER-ING, n. Confusion ; hesitation. 

MAM'MET, n. A puppet ; a figure dressed. 

MAM'MI-FER, n. [L. mamma and fero.] An animal which 
has breasts for nourishing its young ; a mammal. • 

MAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Having breasts, and nourishing the 
young by the milk secreted by them. 

MAM'MI-FORM, a. [L. mamma and. form.] Having the shape 
or form of paps. 

* MAM'MIL-LA-RY. a. [L. mamilla.) 1. Pertaining to the paps 



See Synopsis. A, E. I, <fcc, leng.—x, E , i, &c, short.— FAR, v ALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— MARlNF, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



MAN 



619 



MAN 



resenriVing a pap. — 2. In mineralogy, a term applied to min- 
erals composed of convex concretions. 

MAM'MIL-L a-TED, a. Having small nipples, or little globes 
like nipples. — Say. 

t MAM'MOCK, n. A shapeless piece. — Herbert. 

t MAM'MO€K, v. t. To tear in pieces. — Milton. 

MAM'MO-DIS, n. Coarse, plain India muslins. 

MAMTVION, n. [Syr.] Riches ; wealth ; the god of riches. 

MAM'MON-IST, n. A person devoted to the acquisition of 
wealth ; a worldling. — Hammond. 

MAM'MOTH, n. [Russ. mamant.) The Russian name of an 
extinct species of elephant, nearly allied to the elephant 
of India, but distinct from the mastodon. It is often used 
adjectively for very large ; as, a mammoth ox. 

MAN, n. ; pi. Men. [Sax. man, mann, and mon ; Goth, man- 
na ; Sans, man; D. man; G. man; Dan. man, menneske ; 
Sw. man, meniskia ; Ice. mann.] 1. Mankind ; the human 
race ; the whole species of human beings ; sometimes the 
male sex collectively, in distinction from woman. 2. A 
male individual of the human race, of adult growth or 
■years. 3. A male of the human race ; [used often in com- 
pound words, or in the nature of an adjective.] 4. A serv- 
ant or an attendant of the male sex. 5. A word of fa- 
miliar address. 6. It sometimes bears the sense of a male 
adult of some uncommon qualifications ; particularly, the 
sense of strength, vigor, bravery, or magnanimity. 7. An 
individual of the human species. — 8. Man is sometimes 
opposed to boy or child, and sometimes to beast. 9. One 
who is master of his mental powers, or who conducts 
himself with his usual judgment. 10. It is sometimes used 
indefinitely, without reference to a particular individual ; 
as, a man needs no more than this.— =11. In popular usage, 
a husband. 12. A movable piece at chess or draughts. — 
13. In feudal law, a vassal, a liege subject or tenant. 

MAN, v. t. 1. To furnish with men, or with a number com- 
petent to any service. 2. To guard with men. — Shak. 3. 
To strengthen ; to fortify. — Addison. 4. To tame a hawk ; 
[rare.] 5. To furnish with attendants or servants ; [rare.] 
6. To point ; to aim ; [obs.] 

MAN'-f? AT-ER, n. A human being who feeds on human 
flesh ; a cannibal ; an anthropophagite. 

MAN'-HaT-ER, n. One who hates mankind ; a misan- 
thrope. 

MAN'-HoLE, n. A hole through which a man may creep 
into a dram, cess-pool, or parts of machinery, to clean or 
repair it. — Hebert. 

MA N'-HUNT-ER, n. A hunter of men. 

MAN'-HUNT-ING, n. The hunting of men. 

MAN'-KILL-ER, n. One who slays a man. 

MAN'-KILL-ING, a. Used to kill men.— Dryden. 

MAN'-LlKE, a. 1. Having the proper qualities of a man. 

2. Of man's nature. — Milton. 
MAN'-MIDWiFE, n. A man who practices obstetrics. 
MAN'-MIL'LIN-ER, n. A male maker of millinery. 
MAN-OF-WAR', n. A government vessel employed for 

the purposes of war. 

MAN-OF-WAR'-BiRD, n. A large, black, tropical sea- 
fowl ; the frigate-bird, belonging to the pelican family. 

MAN-OF-WAR'S'-MAN, n. A seaman belonging to a ship 
of war. 

MAN'-PLeAS-ER, n. One who pleases men, or one who 
takes uncommon pains to gain the favor of men. 

fMAN'-QUELL-ER, n. A man-killer ; a murderer. 

MAN'-SERV-ANT, n. A male servant. 

MAN'-SLaY-ER, n. One who has slain a human being. 

MAN'-STeAL-ER, n. One who steals and sells men. 

MAN'-STeAL-ING, n. The act of stealing a human being. 

MAN-W6R-SHIP, n. The worship of a man ; undue rev- 
erence, or extreme adulation paid to a man. 

MAN'A-CLE, n. [Fr. manicles.] An instrument of iron for 
fastening the bands ; handcuffs ; shackles ; [used chiefly in 
the plural.] 

MAN'A-€LE, v. t. 1. To put on handcuffs or other fastening 
for confining the hands. 2. To shackle ; to confine ; to 
restrain the use of the limbs or natural powers. 

MANA.-CL.ED, pp. Handcuffed; shackled. 

MAN'A-CLING, ppr. Confining the hands ; shackling. 

MANAGE, v. t. [Fr. menager.] 1. To carry on the concerns 
of. 2. To train, as a horse. 3. To make tame or tracta- 
ble. 4. To move or use in the manner desired ; to have 
under command. 5. To make subservient. 6. To hus- 
band ; to treat with caution or sparingly. — Dryden. 7. To 
treat with caution or judgment ; to govern with address. 
— Syn. To direct ; govern ; control ; wield ; order ; con- 
trive ; concert ; conduct ; transact. 

MAN'AGE. v. i. To direct or conduct affairs ; to carry on 
concerns or business. 

MANAGE, n. 1. Conduct; administration; [obs.] 2. (pro- 
nounced ma.iazhe') Government ; control, as of a horse. 

3. Discipline , direction. 4. Use ; application or treatment. 
[A word little used.] See Management. 

MAN'A6E-A-BLE, a. 1. Easy to be used or directed to its 
Droper purpose , not difficult to be moved or wielded. 2. 



That may be controlled 3. That may be made subserv. 
ent to one's views or designs.— Syn. Governable ; tracta- 
ble ; tamable ; controllable ; docile. 

MAN'A<5E-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being easily 
used, or directed to its proper purpose. 2. Tractableness ; 
the quality of being susceptible of government and con- 
trol ; easiness to be governed. 

MAN'A6E-A-BLY, adv. In a manageable manner. 

MANA6.ED, pp. Conducted ; carried on ; trained by disci 
pline ; governed ; controlled ; wielded. 

MAN'AGE-LESS, a. That can not be managed. 

MAN'A6E-MENT, n. 1. Manner of treating, directing, or 
carrying on. 2. Cunning practice ; some course directed 
by art, design, or prudence. 3. Practice ; transaction ; 
dealing. 4. Modulation ; variation, as of the voice. — Syn. 
Conduct ; administration ; government ; direction ; guid- 
ance ; disposal ; care ; charge ; contrivance ; intrigue. 

MAN'A-GER, n. 1. One who has the conduct or direction 
of any thing. 2. A person who conducts business with 
economy and frugality ; a good economist. 

MANA6E-RY, a. 1. Conduct ; direction ; administration. 
2. Husbandry ; economy ; frugality. 3. Manner of using. 
[A word little used.] 

MAN'A-GING, ppr. 1. Conducting ; regulating ; directing , 
governing; wielding. 2. a. Intriguing. 

MAN'A-KIN, n. The name of a beautiful race of birds of 
diminutive size, found principally in South America. 

MAN-A-TEE', ? n. [L. manus.] The sea-cow, a cetaceous, 

MAN-A-Ti'', 5 herbivorous mammal of the genus mana- 
tus._ See Manatus. 

MA-Na'TION, n. [L. manatio.] The act of issuing or flow- 
ing out. [Little used.] 

MA-Na'TUS, n. [L. manus, hand.] Cuvier's name for a ge- 
nus of herbivorous cetacea, including the sea-cows. They 
were so named from the slight, hand-like form of their 
swimming paws. They inhabit the mouths of the great 
rivers in South America and Africa, and browse on the 
herbage that clothes their banks. — Brande. 

MaNcHE (mansh), n. [Fr.] A sleeve. 

t MAN'CHET, n. A small loaf of fine bread.— Bacon. 

MANCH-I-NEEL', n. [L. mancanilla.] A lofty West Indian 
tree, the hippomane mancinella, whose leaves are some- 
what poisonous. It is valued for cabinet-work, being 
beautifully veined, and taking a high polish. 

MAN'CI-PITE, v. t. [L. mancipo.] To enslave ; to bind ; to 
restrict. — Hale. [Little used.] 

MAN-CI-Pa'TION,%. Slavery ; involuntary servitude. [Rare.] 

MAN'CI-PLE, n. [L. manceps.] A steward ; an undertaker ; 
a purveyor, particularly of a college. — Johnson. 

MAN-DA'MUS, n. [L. mando, mandamus.] In law, a com- 
mand or writ, issuing from the King's Bench in England. 
and, in America, from some of the higher courts, directed 
to any person, corporation, or inferior court, requiring 
them to do some act therein specified, which appertains 
to their office and duty. 

MAN-DA-RiN' (-reen'), n. In China, a magistrate or gov- 
ernor of a province ; also, the court language of China. 

MAN'DA-TA-RY, } n. [Fr. mandataire.] 1. A. person to whom 

MAN'DA-TO-RY, > the pope has, by his prerogative, given 
a mandate or order for his benefice. 2. One to whom a 
command or charge is given. — 3. In law, one who under- 
takes, without a recompense, to do some act for another, 
in respect to the thing bailed to him. — Kent. 

MAN'DaTE, n. [L. mando.] 1. A command; an order, pre- 
cept, or injunction ; a commission. — 2. In canon law, a rn 
script of the pope. 

MAN-Da'TOR, n. [L.] A director.— Ayliffe. 

MAN'DA-TO-RY, a. Containing a command; preceptive; 
directory. • 

MAN'DI-BLE, n. [L. mando.] The jaw. In zoology, applied 
to the under jaw of mammals, to both jaws of birds, and to 
the upper, or anterior pair of jaws in insects. — Brande. 

MAN-DIE'U-LAR, a. Belonging to the jaw.— Gayton. 

MAN-DIB'U-LATE, ) a. Provided with mandibles, as many 

MAN-DIB'U-LI-TED, 5 insects. 

t M AN'DIL, n. [Fr. matidille.] A sort of mantle. 

MAN-DIL'ION, n. A soldier's coat; a loose garment. 

MAN'DI-0€, n. See Manioc. 

MAN'DLE-SToNE, n. [G. mandelstein.] Kernel-stone ; al- 
mond-stone ; called, also, amygdaloid. 

tMAND'MENT, for commandment. 

t MAN'DO-LIN, n. [It. mandola.] A cithern or harp. 

MAN'DORE, n. A kind of four-stringed lute.— P. Cyc. 

MAN-DRAG'O-RA, n. The mandrake, a powerful soporific. 
— Shak. 

MANDRAKE, n. [L. mandragoras.] The name of several 
species of plants of the genus mandragora, having narcot- 
ic qualities. The mandrake of the Scriptures was some- 
thing entirely different. 

MANDREL, n. An instrument for confining in the lathe 
the substance to be turned. — Moxon. 

MAN'DRILL, n. A fierce and powerful African baboon, oft- 
en called the ribbed-nose baboon. — Brande. 



\bVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VY'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete 



MAN 



620 



MAN 



MAN'DU-€A-BLE, a. That can be chewed ; fit to be eaten. 

MAN'DU-CaTE. v. it. [L. mando.] To chew. 

MAN'DU-€I-TET>,j3p- Chewed. 

MAN'DU-C A-TING, ppr. Chewing ; grinding with the teeth. 

MAN-DU-CaTION, n. The act of chewing or eating. 

MAN'DU-€A-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to, or employed in, 
chewing. 

MaNE, n. [D. moan ; G. mahne.] The hair growing on the 
upper side of the neck of a horse or other animal, usually- 
hanging down on one side. 

MaN£D (mand), a. Having a mane. 

MA-NE6E' (ma-nazhe' or man'ej), n. [Fr.] 1. The art of 
horsemanship, or of training horses. 2. A school for 
teaching horsemanship, and for training horses. 

MA-Ne'RI-AL. See Manorial. 

Ma'NeS, n. pi. [L.] 1. The ghost, shade, or soul of a de- 
ceased person ; and, among the ancient pagans, the infer- 
nal deities. 2. The remains of the dead. — Dry den. 

MA-NEirVER, } n. [Fr. manoeuvre.] 1. Management ; dex- 

MA-NQSu' v RE, 3 trous movement, particularly in an army 
or navy. 2. Management with address or artful design. 

MA-NExyVER, \v.i. 1. To move or change positions among 

MA-NCEO'VRE, 3 troops or ships, for the purpose of advan- 
tageous attack or defense ; or, in military exercise, for the 
purpose of discipline. 2. To manage with address or art. 

MA-NEu'VER, )v. t. To change the positions of troops or 

MA-NCEu'VRE, 5 ships. 

MA-NEu'VERJE D, 1 , , , . 

MA-NCEu'VR£D t \PP' Moved m P osltlon - 



n. One who maneuvers. 



MA-NEOV'ER-ER, 

MA-NOEO'VRER, 

MA-NEuVER-ING, \ppr. Changing the position or order. 

MA-NCEu'VRING 3 fc> r advantageous attack or defense. 

MANFUL, a. 1. Having the spirit of a man ; bold ; brave ; 

courageous ; daring. 2. Noble ; honorable. 
MAN'FUL-LY, adv. Boldly; courageously; honorably. 
MAN'FUL-NESS, n. Boldness ; courageousness. 
MAN"GA-BY, n. The white-eyelid monkey ; a name of two 

species of long-tailed African monkeys. 
MAN"GA-NaTE, \n. A compound of manganesic acid 
MAN"GA-Ne'SATE, $ with a base. 
MAN"GA-Ne SE', n. A hard, brittle metal, of a grayish- white 

color, having a powerful affinity for oxygen. It is fused 

with great difficulty. 
MAN"GA-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to manganese ; consisting 

of it, or partaking of its qualities. — Seybert. 
MAN"GA-Ne'SQUS, a. Manganesous acid is an acid with 

less oxygen than manganesic acid. — Henry. 
MAN-GAN'IC, ? a. Obtained from manganese ; as, man- 
MAN"GA-NF:'SI€, 5 ganic acid. 
MAN"GA-NlTE, n. One of the ores of manganese ; called, 

also, gray manganese ore. 
MANG'CORN, n. [Sax. mengan and corn.] A mixture of 

wheat and rye, or other species of grain. 
MaNOE, n. [Fr. mangeaison.] The scab or itch in cattle, 

doas, and other beasts. 
MAN"G£L-WUR'Z£L, n. [Ger. mangel and wurzel] The 

root of scarcity ; a plant of the beet kind. 
MIN'6ER, n. [Fr. mangeoire.] 1. A trough or box in which 

fodder is laid for cattle, or the place in which horses and 

cattle are fed. — 2. In ships of war, an inclosure across the 

deck within the hawse-holes, to exclude water. 
MIN'dER-BoARD, n. The bulk-head on a ship's deck that 

separates the manger from the other part of the deck. 
MaN'gI-NESS, 11. Scabbiness; infection of the mange. 
MAN"GLE (mang'gl). v. t. [D. mangelen.] 1. To cut with a 

dull instrument, and tear, or to tear in cutting ; to cut in a 

bungling manner. 2. To curtail ; to take by piece-meal. 
MAN'GLE (mang'gl), n. [Dan. mangle.] 1. A rolling-press, 

or small calender, for smoothing linen. 2. A name of the 

mangrove, which see. 
MAN"GLE, v. t. To smooth linen with a mangle ; to calender. 
MAN"GL.ED(mang'gld), pp. or a. Torn in cutting ; smoothed 

with a mangle. 
MAN'GLER, n. One who tears in cutting; one who uses 

a mangle. 
MAN"GLiNG, ppr. 1. Lacerating in the act of cutting ; 

tearing. 2. Smoothing with a mangle. 
MAN"GLING, n. 1. The act of cutting and lacerating or 

tearing. 2. The act or business of smoothing linen with 

a mangle. 
MAN"GO, n. 1. The fruit of the mango-tree, a native of the 

East Indies. It comes from the East only in the form of 

a pickle. Hence, 2. A green muskmelon pickled. 
MAN"GO-FISH, n. A fish of the Ganges (the polynemus 

risua), about fifteen inches long, and highly esteemed for 

food. It appears about the same time with the mangoes, 

and hence the name. — P. Cyc. 
MAN"GO-NEL, n. [Fr. mangoneau.] An engine formerly 

used for throwing stones and battering walls, 
t MAN"GO-NISM, n. The art of setting off to advantage. 
t MAN"GO-NlZE, v. t. To polish for setting off to advan- 



MAN"GO-STAN, ) n. A tree of the East Indies, of the gtt- 
MAN"GO-STEEN, 3 nus garcinia; also, its fruit, which ia 

of the size of a small apple, and very delicious. 
MAN"GROVE, n. 1. A tree of the East and West Indies, 
lining the shores with dense groves down to the water's 
edge. 2. The name of a fish. — Pennant. 
MaN'AY, a. Scabby ; infected with the mange. 
MAN-Ha'DEN. See Menhaden. 

MAN'HOOD, n. 1. The state of one who is a man, of ao 
adult male, or one who is advanced beyond puberty, boy- 
hood, or childhood. 2. Virility. 3. Human nature. 4. The 
equalities of a man ; courage ; bravery ; [little used.] 
Ma'NI-A, n. [L. and Gr.l Madness. — Mania a potu, mad- 
ness from drinking ; delirium tremens. 
t MAN'I-A-BLE, a. Manageable ; tractable.— Bacon. 
Ma'NI-A€, a. [L. maniacus.] Mad ; raving with madness 

raging with disordered intellect. — Grew. 
Ma'NI-AC, n. A madman ; one raving with madness 
MA-Nl'A-G-AL, a. Affected with madness. 
MAN-I-GHe'AN, a. Pertaining to the Manichees. 
MAN-I-CHE'AN, In. A follower of Manes, a Persian, who 
MAN'I-CHEE, 5 tried to combine the Oriental philosophy 
with Christianity, and maintained that there are two su- 
preme principles, the one good, the other evil. — Murdoch. 
MAN'I-CHE-ISM, n. The doctrines taught, or system of 

principles maintained by the Manichees. 
MAN'I-CHE-IST, n. See Manichean. 
MAN'I-CHORD, >«. [Fr. manichordion.] A musical iu 
MAN-I-CORD'ON, 5 strument, in the form of a spinet 
MAN'I-CON, n. A species of nightshade. 
MAN'I-FEST, a. [L. manifestus.] 1. Not obscure or difficult 
to be seen or understood. 2. Detected : with of; [unus- 
ual? — Syn. Open ; clear ; apparent ; visible ; conspicu 
ous ; plain ; obvious. 
MAN'I-FEST, n. An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported 
or laden for export, to be exhibited at the custom-house. 
MAN'I-FEST, v. t. [L. manifesto.] 1. To make to appear , 
to make public ; to show plainly to the eye or to the un- 
derstanding. 2. To exhibit more clearly to the view.- 
Syn. To reveal ; declare ; evince ; make known ; disclose ; 
discover; display. 
MAN-I-FEST-A'TION, n. The act of disclosing what is se- 
cret, unseen, or obscure ; discovery to the eye or to the 
understanding ; the exhibition of any thing by clear evi- 
dence ; display. 
MAN'1-FEST-ED, pp. or a. Made clear ; disclosed ; made 

apparent, obvious, or evident. 
MAN-I-FEST'I-BLE. a. That may be made evident. 
MAN'I-FEST-ING, ppr. Showing clearly ; making evident, 

disclosing ; displaying. — Bacon. 
MAN'I-FEST-LY, adv. Clearly; evidently; plainly; in a 

manner to be clearly seen or understood. 
MAN'I-FEST-NESS, n. Clearness to the sight or mind ; ob- 
viousness. 
MAN-I-FEST'O, In. [It. manifesto; L. manifestus.] A pub- 
t MAN'I-FEST, 3 lie declaration, usually of a prince or 
sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his opin- 
ions and motives. 
MAN'I-FoLD, a. 1. Of divers kinds ; many in number ; nu- 
merous ; multiplied, as varieties. 2. Exhibited or appear- 
ing at divers times or in various ways, as goodness. 
t MAN'I-FoLD-ED, a. Having many doublings. 
MAN'I-FoLD-LY, adv. In a manifold manner. 
MAN'I-FoLD-NESS, n. Multiplicity.— Sherwood, 
MA-NIG'LI-ONS, n. pi. In gunnery, two handles on the 

back of a piece of ordnance. — Bailey. 
MAN'I-KIN, n, 1. A little man.— Shak. 2. An artificial ana- 
tomical preparation, made with pasteboard, plaster, &c, 
exhibiting all parts of the human body. 
MA-NIL'IO, 1 n. [Sp. manilla.] A ring or bracelet worn by 
MA-NILLE', 3 persons in Africa. 

MA-NIL'LA HEMP, n. A fibrous material, obtained from a 
plant allied to the banana, growing in the Philippian Isles, 
&c, from which excellent ropes and cables are made. 
Ma'NI-OC, 'i n. Names of the tropical plant janipha or 
MAN'I-HO€, ^. jatropha manihot, from which cassava and 
MAN'I-HOT, ) tapioca are prepared. 

MAN'I-PLE, n. [L. manipulus.] 1. A handful. 2. Among 

the Romans, a small band of soldiers. 3. A fanon, or kind 

of scarf worn about the left arm of a Roman Catholic priest. 

MA-NIP'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to the maniple. 

MA-NIP'U-LaTE, v. t. To treat, work, or operate with the 

hands. 
MA-NIP'U-La-TED, pp. Treated or operated with the hand. 
MA-NIPIJ-La-TING, ppr. Treating or operating with the 

hands. 
MA-NIP-U-La'TION, n. [Fr.] In general, work by hand 
manual operation ; as, in mining, the manner of digging 
ore ; in chemistry, the operation of preparing substances 
for experiments ; in pharmacy, the preparation of drugs ; in 
mesmerism, the motions used to produce the mesmeric state. 
MA-NIP'H-LA-TlVE, a. Pertaining to or performed by ma- 
nipulation. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X., e, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD :— MOVE, BOOK, 



MAN 



621 



MAN 



MAN'I-TRUNK, n. [L. mnnus and truncus.] The segment 
of the body of an insect which has wings or limbs answer- 
ing to the fore-legs of quadrupeds. 

M5/NIS, n. The name of a genus of edentate mammals, 
covered with hard, tri;ingular scales, inhabiting the hot 
parts of Asia and Africa, and feeding on ants, &c. The 
pangolins are of this genus. 

MAN-KlND', a. Resembling man in form, not woman. 
MAN-KlND', n. [man and" kind.] 1. The race or species 
Df human beings. 2 A male, or the males of the human 
race. 

MANKS, n. The old language of the Isle of Man.— P. Cyc. 

MAN'LESS, a. Destitute of men ; not manned. [Rare.] 

MAN'LINESS, n. The qualities of a man; dignity; bra- 
very; boldness. — Locke. 

MAN'LING, n. A little man. — Ben Jonson. 

MAN'LY, a. 1. Man-like ; becoming a man ; firm ; brave ; 
undaunted. 2. Dignified; noble; stately. 3. Pertaining 



4. Not boyish or womanish. — 



to the adult age of man. 
Skak, 

MAN'LY, adv. With courage like a man. 

BIAN'NA, n. [Ar. maana.] 1. A substance miraculously fur- 
nished as food for the Israelites in their journey through 
the wilderness of Arabia. Ex., xvi. — 2. In materia medica, 
the juice of a certain tree of the ash kind, brought from 
the south of Europe. It is mildly laxative. — Brande. 

MANN.ED (mand), pp. Furnished with men ; guarded with 
men; fortified. 

MAN'NER, n. [Fr. maniere; It. maniera.] 1. Way of per- 
forming or executing. 2. Habitual practice. 3. Sort ; 
kind ; as, all manner \i. e., sorts) of fruit. 4. Certain de- 
gree or measure. 5. Peculiar carriage or deportment. 
6. Way ; mode ; [of things.] 7. Way of service or wor- 
ship. — 8. In painting, the particular habit of a painter in 
managing colors, lights, and shades. — Syn. Form ; method; 
custom ; habit ; fashion ; air ; look ; mien ; aspect ; ap- 
pearance. 

MAN'NER, v. t. To instruct in manners.— Shak. 

MAN'NER-ISM, n. Adherence to the same manner ; a taste- 
less uniformity, reducing every thing to the same manner, 
without the freedom and variety of nature. 

MAN'NER-IST, n. An artist who performs his work in one 
unvaried manner. — Churchill. 

MAN'NER-LI-NESS, n. The quality of being civil and re- 
spectful in behavior ; civility; complaisance. 

MAN'NER-LY, a. Decent in external deportment ; civil ; 
respectful ; complaisant ; not rude or vulgar. 

MAN'NER-LY, adv. With civility; respectfully; without 
rudeness. — Shak. 

MAN'NERS, n. pi. 1. Deportment ; carnage ; behavior ; 
conduct ; course of life ; habits ; [in a moral sense.] 2. 
Ceremonious behavior ; civility ; decent and respectful 
deportment. 3. A bow or courtesy ; [colloquial] 

MAN'NING, ppr. Furnishing with men ; strengthening ; 
guarding with men. 

MAN'NISH, a. Having the appearance of a man ; bold ; 
masculine. — Shak. 

MAN'NISH-LY, adv. Boldly ; in a masculine manner. 

MAN'NlTE, n. A kind of crystallized sugar, obtained from 
manna. — P. Cyc. 

MA-NCECVRE. See Maneuver. 

MA-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. uavoS and fierpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the density of the air, or other elastic fluid, 
or, rather, its elastic force, to which the density is sup- 
posed to be proportional. — Brande. 

MAN-0-MET'RI€-AL, a. Pertaining to or made by the 
manometer. 

MAN'OR, n. [Fr. manoir ; Arm. maner.] The land belong- 
ing to a lord or nobleman, or so much land as a lord or 
great personage formerly kept in his own hands for the 
use and subsistence of his family. 

MAN'OR-HOUSE, ? ™ , . T . 

MAN'OR-SeAT S house belonging to a manor. 

MA"No'RI-AL, \ „ . . . . 

MA-Ne'RI-Al! S a% Pertamm o to a manor. 

MAN'O-ScbPE, n. See Manometer. 

MAN'SaRD-ROOF, n. [from its inventor.] A curb-roof. 

MANSE (mans), n. [L. mansio.] 1. A house or habitation ; 
particularly, a parsonage house. A capital manse is the 
manor-house of a great estate. 2. A farm. 

MAN'SION (-shim), n. [L. mansio.] 1. Any place of resi- 
dence ; a house ; a habitation ; a dwelling. 2. The house 
of a lord of a manor. 3. Residence ; abode. 

MAN'SION, v. i. To dwell ; to reside.— Mede. 

MAN'SION-HOUSE, n. The house in which one resides ; 
an inhabited house. — Blackstone. 

MAN'SION-A-RY, a. Resident; residentiary. 

t MAN'SION-RY, n. A place of residence. — Shak. 

MAN'SLAUGH-TER (-slaw-ter), n. 1. In a general sense, 
the kilhng of a man or of men ; destruction of the human 
species ; murder. — 2. In lair, the unlawful killing of a man 
without malice, express or implied. Manslaughter differs 
from murder in not proceeding from malice prepense or 



of a chimney, over the fire-place, rest- 
fire-place, in 



deliberate, which is essential to constitute murder. It dif- 
fers from homicide excusable, being done in consequence 
of some unlawful act, whereas excusable homicide hap- 
pens in consequence of misadventure. 

MAN'SUETE (man'sweet), a. [L. mansuetus.] Tame ; gen- 
tle ; not wild or ferocious.— Ray. [Little used.] 

MAN'SUE-TUDE(man'swe-tude),?i. [L.mansuctudo.] Tame- 
ness ; mildness ; gentleness. — Herbert. 

MAN'TA, n. [Sp. manta.] A flat fish found in pearl-fisher- 
ies. 

MANTEL. See Mantle. 

MAN'TEL-ET, \ n. [dim. of mantle.] 1. A small cloak worn 

MANTLET, > by women.— 2. In fortification, a kind ot 
movable parapet or pent-house. 

MANTI-GER, rather MANT'I-€HOR, or M A 1ST 'I-COR, n. 
[L. manticora, mantichora.] A large monkey or baboon. 

MAN-TIS'SA, n. A term applied to the decimal part of 8 
logarithm, as distinguished from the integral pr.rt or char 
acteristic. — Brande. 

MAN'TLE (man'tl), n. [Sax. mantel, mentel] 1. A kind of 
cloak or loose garment, to be worn over other rzarments. 
2. A cover ; that which conceals ; as, the mantle of night 
or of charity. — 3. In malacology, the external ibid of the 
skin of a rnollusk. — Brande. 

MAN'TLE, v. t. To cloak ; to cover ; to disguise. 

MAN'TLE, v. i. 1. To expand ; to spread.— Milton. 2. To 
joy ; to revel.— Johnson. 3. To be expanded ; to be spread 
or extended. 4. To gather over and form a cover; to 
collect on the surface^ as a covering. 5. To rush to the 
face and cover it with a crimson color, as blood. 

MAN'TLE, > n. The piece of timber or stone in front 

MANTLE-TREE, 5 
va2. on the jambs. 

MANTLE-PIeCE, \n. The work over a 

MAN'TLE-SHELF, $ front of the chimney. 

MANTL.ED, pp. or a. Covered with a mantle. 

MAN'TLING, n. In heraldry, the representation of a man- 
tle, or the drapery of a coat-of-arms. 

MAN'TLING, ppr. or a. Covering with a mantle ; cloaking , 
expanding. 

MAN'TO, n. [It.] A robe ; a cloak.— Ricaut. 

MAN-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. navrua and Uyos.] The act or art 
of divination or prophesying. [Little used.] 

* MAN'TU-A (man'tu-a or man'tu), n. [Fr. manleau.] A 
lady's gown. 

MAN'TUA-MaK/ER (man'tu-mak'er), n. One who makes 
gowns for ladies. 

MAN"U-AL (man'yu-al), a. [L. manualis.] 1. Performed by 
the hand, as labor. 2. Used or made by the hand ; as, a 
sign manual. 

MAN"U-AL, n. 1. A small book, such as may be carried in 
the hand, or conveniently handled. 2. The service-book 
of the Roman Catholic Church. 

MAN'U-AL EX'ER-CTSE, n. The exercise of soldiers with 
their arms. 

MAN'U-AL-LY, adv. With the hand. 

t MANU-A-RY, a. Done by the hand. — Fothcrby. 

MA-Nu'BI-AL, a. [L. manubialis.] Belonging to spoils ; 
taken in war. [Little used.] 

MAN-U-DUC'TION, n. [L. manus and ductio.] Guidance by 
the hand. — South. 

MAN-U-DUCTOR, n. [L. manus and ductor.] An officer in 
the ancient church, who gave the signal for the choir to 
sing, and kept time with his hand. 

MAN-U-FACTO-RY, n. A house or place where goods are 
manufactured. 

MAN-U-FACTO-RY, a. Employed in manufacturing. 

MAN-U-FAC'TUR-AL, a. Pertaining or relating to manu- 
factures. 

MAN-U-FAC'TURE, n. [Fr.] 1. The operation of reducing 
raw materials of any kind into a form suitable for use. 
2. Any thing made from raw materials by the hand, by 
machinery, or by art. 

MAN-U-FAC'TURE (man-yu-fakfyur), v. t. 1. To make or 
fabricate from raw materials, by the hand, by art, or ma- 
chinery, and work into forms convenient for use. 2. To 
work raw materials into suitable forms for use. 

MAN-U-FACTURE, v. i. To be occupied in manufactures. 

MAN-U-FACTUR.ED, pp. or a. Made from raw materials 
into forms for use. 

MAN-U-FAC'TUR-ER, n. 1. One who works raw materials 
into wares suitable for use. 2. One who employs work- 
men for manufacturing ; the owner of a manufactory. 

MANU-FAC'TUR-ING, ppr. 1. Making goods and wares 
from raw materials. 2. a. Pertaining to or occupied in 
manufactures. 

t MAN'U-MlSE, for manumit. 

MAN-U-MIS'SION, n. [L. manumissio.] The act of liber- 
ating a slave from bondage, and giving him freedom. 

MAN-U-MIT, x. t. [L. manumitto] To release from slavery, 
to liberate from personal bondage or servitude ; to free 
as a slave. 

MAN-U-M1TTFD, pp. or a. Released from slavery. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VICIOUS ;— € as K ; & as J ; S as Z ! cH as SH: TH as in this, i Obsolete. 



MAR 



622 



MAR 



M AN-tT-MITTING, ppr. Liberating from personal bondage. 

MAN'tJ-MO-TlVE, a. [manus and moveo.] Movable by hand. 

MAN'U-MO-TOR, n. A small wheel-carriage, that a person 
in it_may move in any direction ; a carriage for exercise. 

MA-NuR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be cultivated; [rare or 
obs.] _ 2. That may be manured or enriched by manure. 

'MA-NuR'AGE, n. Cultivation.— Warner. 

f MA-NuR'ANCE, n. Cultivation.— Spenser. 

MA-NuRE', v. t. [Fr. manccuvrer.] 1. To cultivate by man- 
ual labor ; to till ; [obs.] 2. To apply to land any fertiliz- 
ing matter. 3. To fertilize ; to enrich with nutritive sub- 
stances. 

MA-NuRE', n. Any matter which fertilizes land. 

MA-NUR.ED' (ma-nu.rd'), pp. or a. Dressed or overspread 
with a fertilizing substance. 

MA-NuRE'MENT, n. Cultivation ; improvement. [Rare.] 

MA-NuR'ER, n. One who manures lands. 

MA-NuR'ING, ppr. Dressing or overspreading land with 
manure; fertilizing. 

MA-NuR'ING, n. A dressing or spread of manure on land. 

MAN'U-SCRIPT, n. [L. manu scriptum.] A book or paper 
written with the hand or pen. 

MAN'U-SCRIPT, a. Written with the hand ; not printed. 

t MAN-U-TEN'EN-CY, n. Maintenance.— Sancroft. 

MA'NY (men'ny), a. [Sax. maneg, maneg, or menig ; D. me- 
nig.] 1. Comprising a great number of individuals; 
sometimes used with a or an before a singular noun ; as, 
" Full many a gem." Gray. — 2. In low language, preceded 
by too,, it denotes powerful or much ; as, to be too many 
for them. — Syn. Numerous ; multiplied ; frequent ; man- 
ifold ; various ; divers ; sundry. 

MA'NY (men'ny), n. A multitude ; a great number of indi- 
viduals ; the people. 

t MA'NY (men'ny), n. [Norm. Fr. meignee.] A retinue of 
servants ; household. — Chaucer. 

MANY-CLEFT, a. Multifid ; having many fissures. 

MA'NY-€6L'OR.ED, a. Having many colors or hues. 

MA'NY-COR'NERJED, a. Having many corners, or more 
than twelve ; polygonal. — Dryden. 

MA'NY-FLOW'ERj;D, a. Having many flowers. 

MA'NY-HaIREJD (men'ny-), a. Having many hairs. 

MA'NY-HeAD-ED, a. Having many heads. — Dryden. 

MA'NY-LAN'GUAGjED (men'ny-lang'gwajd), a. Having 
many languages. 

MA'NY-LeAV.ED, a. Polyphyllous ; having many leaves. 

MA'NY-LEGGED (men'ny-legd), a. Having many legs. 

MA'NY-LET'TER.ED, a. Having many letters. 

MA'NY-MaS'TER^D, a. Having many masters. — J. Bar- 
low. 

MA'NY-PIRT'ED, a. Multipartite ; divided into several 
parts, asa corol. — Marty n. 

MA'NY-PeO'PL.ED, a. Having a numerous population. 

MA'NY-PET'AL^D, a. Having many petals. 

MA'NY-SlD-ED (men'ny-), a. Having many sides. 

MA'NY-TlMES. An adverbial phrase. Often; frequently. 

MA'NY-ToNjED (men'ny-tond), a. Giving many sounds. — 
Hemans. 

MA'NY-TRlB.ED (men'ny-). a. Consisting of many tribes. 

MA'NY-TWINK'LING, a. Variously twinkling. 

MANY-VALV.ED, a. Multivalvular; having many valves. 

MA'NY-VEINjED (men'ny- vand), a. Having many veins. 

MA'NY-VOICED (men'ny- voist), a. Having many voices. 

MANX, n. A term applied to the old language of the Isle 
of Man. 

MAP, n. [Sp. mapa ; Port, mappa ; It. mappamonda.] In ge- 
ography, a representation of the surface of the earth or of 
any part of it, drawn on paper or other material, exhibit- 
ing the lines of latitude and longitude, and the positions 
oi countries, kingdoms, states, mountains, rivers, &c. A 
representation of a continent, or any portion of land only, 
is properly a map, and a representation of the ocean only, 
or any portion of it, is called a chart. The term map is 
also applied to delineations of the heavens, of geological 
strata, &c. 

MAP, v. t. To draw or delineate, as the figure of any por- 
tion of land. — Shah. 

Ma'PLE, In. A well-known tree, of the genus acer, 

Ma'PLE-TREE, 5 of several species. 

Ma'PLE-SUG'AR (-shug'ar), n. Sugar obtained by evapo- 
ration from the juice of the rock-maple. 

MAPPED (mapt), pp. Drawn or delineated, as the figure 
of any portion of land. 

MAP'PER-Y, n. The art of planning and designing maps. 

MAP'PING, ppr. Drawing or delineating on a map. 

MAP'PING, n. The act or art of drawing maps. 

MaR, v. t. [Sax. merran,"mirran, myrran; Sp. marrar.] 1. 
To injure by cutting off a part, or by wounding and mak- 
ing defective. 2. To injure ; to "hurt ; to impair the 
strength or purity of. 3. To injure ; to diminish ; to inter- 
rupt, as mirth. 4. To injure ; to deform ; to disfigure. 

MaR, n. 1. An injury ; [obs.] 2. A lake ; see Mere. 

MAR'A-CAN, ft. A species of parrot in Brazil. 

MAR'A-€OCK. n. A plant of the genus passifiora. 



MA-RaI', n. A sacred inclosure or temple among the isl 
anders of the Pacific Ocean. — Bradford. 

* MAR-A-NI'THA, n. [Syriac] The Lord comes or has 
come ; a word used by the Apostle Paul in expressing a 
curse. 

MAR'A-NON, n. The proper name of the River Amazon. 

MAR-AS-CHi'NO, n. A delicate spirit distilled from cher- 
ries ; the best is from Zara, and is obtained from the mar- 
asca cherry. 

MA-RAS'MUS, n. [Gr. papao/ios.] Atrophy ; emaciation ; a 
wasting of flesh without fever or apparent disease • a kind 
of consumption. 

MA-RAUD', v. i. [Fr. maraud.] To rove in quest of plun 
der ; to make an excursion for booty ; to plunder. 

* MA-RAUD'ER, n. A rover in quest of booty or plunder 

a plunderer ; [usually applied to small parties of soldiers.] 
MA-RAUD'ING, ppr. or a. Roving in search of plunder. 
MA-RAUD'ING, n. A roving for plunder ; a plundering by 

invaders. 
MAR-A-Ve'Di, n. A copper coin of Spain, about one third 

of a cent. 
MaR'BLE, n. [Fr. marbre; L. marmor.] 1. The popular 
name of any species of calcareous stone or mineral, of a 
compact texture, and of a beautiful appearance, suscepti- 
ble of a good polish. 2. A little ball of marble or other 
hard substance, used by children in play. 3. A stone re- 
markable for some inscription or sculpture. — Arundel 
marbles, or Arundclian marbles, marble pieces with a chron- 
icle of the city of Athens inscribed on them ; presented to 
the University of Oxford by Thomas, earl of Arundel. 
MaR'BLE, a. 1. Made of marble. 2. Variegated in color ; 

stained or veined like marble. 3. Hard ; insensible. 
MaR'BLE, v. t. To variegate in color ; to cloud ; to stain 

or vein like marble. 
MaR'BLE-ED6J£D, a. Having the edges marbled. 
MaR'BLE-HEaRT'ED, a. Having a heart like marble , 

hard-hearted ; cruel ; insensible. 
MaR'BLJSD, pp. or a. Diversified in color ; veined like 

marble. 
MXR'BLING, ppr. Variegating in colors ; clouding or vein- 

ing like marble. 
MaRBLING, n. 1. The art or practice of variegating in 
color, in imitation of marble. 2. An intermixture of fat 
and lean in meat, giving it a marbled appearance. 
MaR'BL Y, adv. In the manner of marble. 
MaRC, n. The refuse matter which remains after the press 
ure of fruit, particularly of grapes. For other senses, see 
Mark. 
MaR'CA-SiTE, n. [It. marcassita ; Fr. marcassite.] A name 

sometimes given to a variety of iron pyrites. — Ure. 
MaR-€A-SITT€, a. Pertaining to or like marcasite. 
MaR-CAS'SIN, n. In armorial bearings, a young wild 

boar. 
MaR-CES'CENT, a. [L. marcescens, marcesco.] Withering , 

fading; decaying. 
MaR-CES'SI-BLE, a. That may wither ; liable to decay. 
MaRCH, n. [L. Martins, from Mars.] The third month of 

the year. 
t MaRCH, v. i. To border on ; to be contiguous to. 
MaRCH, v. i. [Fr. marcher.] 1. To move by steps and in 
order, as soldiers ; to move in a military manner 2. To 
walk in a grave, deliberate, or stately manner. 
MaRCH, v. t. 1. To cause to move, as an army. 2. To 

cause to move in order or regular procession. 
MaRCH, n. [Fr. marche.] 1. The walk or movement of 
soldiers in order, whether infantry or cavalry. 2. A grave, 
deliberate, or solemn walk. 3. A slow or laborious walk. 
4. A signal to move ; a particular beat of the drum. 5. A 
piece of music designed for soldiers to march by. 6. Move- 
ment ; progression ; advance ; as, the march of improve- 
ment. 
MaRCHED (marcht), pp. 1. Moved in a military manner. 

2. Caused to move, as an army. 
MXRCH'ER, 7i. The lord or officer who defended the 

marches or borders of a territory. — Davies. 
MARCHES, n. pi. [Sax. mearc ; Fr. marches.] Borders ; 
particularly the confines of England on the side of Scot 
land or Wales. [England.] 
MARCHING, ppr. 1. Moving or walking in order or in a 
stately manner. 2. Fitted or accustomed to marching; 
pertaining to a march ; as, marching order. 
MaRCH'ING, n. Military movement ; passage of troops. 
MaRCHION-ESS (mar'shun-es), n. The wife or widow of 
a marquis ; or a female having the rank and dignity of a 
marquis, 
t MXRCH'P aNE, 7i. [Fr. massepain.] A kind of sweet bread 

or biscuit. — Sidney. 
MiR'CID, a. [L. marcidus.] Pining ; wasted away ; lean ; 

withered. — Dryden. 
MaR'CION-iTE, 7i. A follower of Marcion, a Gnostic ot 
the second century, who adopted the Oriental notion oi 
two conflicting principles, and imagined that between 
them there existed a third power neither wholly good 



'See.Synovsis. A, E, I, &c, long.- K, e, I, &c, short.— FaR. FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD;— MOVE, BOOK. 



MAR 



623 



MAR 



nor evil, the Creator of the world, and the God of the 
Jewish dispensation. — Brande. 

MXR'COR, re. [L.] The state of withering or wasting ; 
leanness ; waste of flesh. — Harvey. [Little used.] 

MIRE, re. [Sax. myra; G. mahre.] 1. The female of the 
horse. 2. [Sax. mara.] The incubus. [It is now used 
only in the compound, nightmare.] 

MIRE'S NEST, re. A person is said to find a mare's nest 
when he chuckles over the discovery of something which 
is absurdly ridiculous. — Grose. 

MaRE'S Ta.IL, n. 1. A name given by seamen to long, 
streaky clouds spreading out like a horse's tail, and indic- 
ative of rain. 2. An aquatic plant of the genus hippuris. 

MA-Re'NA, n. A kind of fish somewhat like a pilchard. 

MaRE'ScHAL (mar'shal), n. [Fr. marechal.] The chief 
commander of an army. — Prior. 

MiR'GA-RATE, n. [L. margarita.] In chemistry, a com- 
pound of margaric acid with a base. 

MaR-GAR'I-G, a. Pertaining to pearl. — Margaric acid is a 
fatty acid of a pearly lustre, obtained by digesting soap 
in water with an acid. 

MaR'GA-RIN, In. A peculiar pearl-like substance, ex- 

MaR'GA-RiNE, 5 tracted from hog's lard. 

MaR'GA-RiTE, n. 1. A pearl.— Peacham. 2. A mineral al- 
lied to mica. 

MaR-GA-RITTC AC'ID, n. One of the fatty acids which 
result from the saponification of castor-oil. — Brande. 

MXR'GA-RONE, n. ' A peculiar fatty product arising from 
the distillation of margaric acid and quick-lime. — Graham. 

MaR-GA-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing pearls. 

MaR'GaY, n. A Brazilian animal of the cat kind. 

MaR'GIN, n. [formerly marge or margent. Fr. marge; It. 
margine ; Sp. margen ; L. margo.] 1. That which bounds 
or borders any thing; the edge. 2. The edge of the leaf 
or page of a book left blank, or filled with notes. 3. The 
edge of a wound. — 4. In botany, the edge of a leaf. — Syn. 
Border ; brink ; verge ; brim ; rim. 

MaR'GIN, v. t. 1. To furnish with a margin ; to border. 2. 
To enter in the margin. 

MIR'GIN-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a margin. 2. Written or 
printed in the margin. 

MaR'GIN- ALLY, adv. In the margin of a book. 

f MaR'GIN-aTE, v. t. To make brims or margins. 

MaR'GIN-ATE, > a. [L. margins, marginatus.] Having a 

MaR'gIN-a-TED, 5 prominent margin. 

MaR'GIN.ED, pp. Furnished with a margin ; entered in the 
margin. 

MXR'GIN-ING, ppr. Furnishing with a margin. 

MaR'GODE, n. A hard, bluish-gray stone. 

MiR'GOT, n. A fish of the perch kind. 

MXR'GRIVE, n. [G. markgraf.] A title of nobility in Ger- 
many, equivalent to the English marquis. 

MaR-GRa'VI-ATE, n. The territory or jurisdiction of a 
margrave. 

MaR'GRA-ViNE, n. The wife of a margrave. 

MAR'I-ETS, n. A kind of violet, viola marina. 

MA-RIG'E-NOUS, a. [L. mare and gigno.] Produced in or 
by the sea. — Kirwan. 

* MAR'I-GoLD, n. A well-known ornamental plant of the 
genus calendula, bearing a showy yellow flower. 

MAR-I-Ki'NA, n. A small South American monkey, with 
fine silky hair of a golden yellow color, and a mane about 
its neck ; also called the silky tamarin. — Jardine. 

MARTN-ITE, v. t. [Fr. mariner.] To salt or pickle fish, and 
then preserve them in oil or vinegar. [Little used.] 

MA-RiNE' (ma-reen'), a. [Fr. ; L. marinus.] 1. Pertaining 
to the sea. 2. Transacted at sea ; done on the ocean. 3. 
Doing duty on the sea. — Marine acid, muriatic or hydro- 
chloric acid. 

MA-RiNE', n. 1. A soldier who serves on board of a ship, 
and fights in naval engagements. 2. The whole navy of 
a kingdom or state. 3. The whole economy of naval affairs. 

MAR'IN-ER, n. [Fr. marinier.] A seaman or sailor ; one 
whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships. 

MAR-IN-O-Ra'MA, n. [L. mare, the sea, and Gr. opaw, to see.] 
Views of the sea. 

MAR'1-PUT, n. The zoril, an animal of the skunk tribe. 

MAR1SH, n. [Fr. marais.] Low ground, wet or covered 
with water and coarse grass ; a fen ; a bog ; a moor. It is 
now written marsh. 

MAR1SH, a. Moory ; fenny ; boggy. — Bacon. 

MAR'I-TAL, a. [Fr. ; L. maritus.] Pertaining to a husband. 
— Ayliffe. 

MAR'I-TlME, a. [L. maritimus.] 1. Relating or pertaining 
to the sea or ocean. 2. Performed on the sea ; naval. 3. 
Bordering on the sea. 4. Situated near the sea. 5. Hav- 
ing a navy and commerce by sea. — Maritimal is not now 
used. 

MXR'JO-RAM, n. [Fr. marjolaine ; G. majoran.] A plant of 
the genus origanum, of several species. The sweet marjo- 
ram has an agreeable aromatic flavor, and is much used 
for seasoning food. 

MARK, n. [Sax. marc, mearc ; D. merk ; G. marke ; Dan. 



mcerke; W. marc; Fr. marque.] 1. A visible line made by 
drawing one substance on another. 2. A line, groove, or 
depression made by stamping or cutting ; an incision ; a 
channel. 3. Any note or sign of distinction. 4. Any visi- 
ble effect of force or agency. 5. Any apparent or intelli- 
gible effect. 6. Notice taken. — Shak. 7. Any thing to 
which a missile weapon may be directed. 8. Any object 
used as a guide, or to which the mind may be directed. 9. 
Any thing visible, by which knowledge of something may 
be obtained. 10. A character made by a person who can 
not write his name, and intended as a substitute for it. 11. 
[Fr. marc ; Sp. marco.] A weight of certain commodities, 
but particularly of gold and silver ; in England, equal to 
two thirds of a pound sterling ; in Hamburg, equal to about 
28 cents. 12. A license of reprisals; [see Marque.] — Syn. 
Impress ; impression ; stamp ; print ; trace ; vestige ; track , 
characteristic ; evidence ; proof ; token ; badge ; indica- 
tion ; symptom. 

MaRK, v. t. [Sax. mearcian ; D. merken ; G. marken ; Dan. 
marker ; Fr. marquer.] 1. To draw or make a visible line 
or character with any substance. 2. To make a visible 
impression, figure, or indenture. 3. To make an incision ; 
to lop oft* a part ; to make any sign of distinction. 4. To 
form a name, or the initials of a name, for distinction. 5. 
To take particular observation of. 6. To have regard to. 
— To mark out, to notify, as by a mark ; to point out ; tc 
designate. — Syn. To note ; remark ; notice : observe ; re- 
gard ; heed ; show ; evince ; indicate ; point out ; betoken ; 
denote ; characterize ; stamp ; imprint ; impress ; brand. 

MaRK, v. i. To note ; to observe critically ; to take partic- 
ular notice ; to remark. 

t MaRK'A-BLE, a. Remarkable. — Sandys. 

MARKED (markt), pp. or a. Impressed with any note or 
figure of distinction ; noted ; distinguished by some char- 
acter. 

MaRK'ER, n. I. One who puts a mark on any thing. 2. 
One who notes or takes notice. 3. A counter used in 
card-playing. 

MiRK'ET, n. [D., G. markt; Dan. marked.] I. A public 
place in a city or town, where provisions or cattle are ex 
posed to sale. 2. A public building in which provisions 
are exposed to sale ; a market-house. 3. Sale ; the ex 
change of provisions or goods for money ; purchase o? 
rate of purchase and sale. 4. Place of sale. 5. The priv. 
ilege of keeping a public market. 

MARKET, v. i. To deal in market; to buy or sell; to 
make bargains for provisions or goods. 

MaRK'ET-BaSK-ET, n. A basket for conveying things 
from a market. 

MaRK'ET-BELL, n. The bell that gives notice of the time 
or day of market. 

MaRK'ET-CROSS, n. A cross set up where a market is 
held. 

MaRKET-€Ri-ER, n. A crier in market. 

MaRK'ET-DaY, n. The day of a public market. 

MaRK'ET-FoLKS, n. pi. People who come to the market 

MaRK'ET-HOUSE, n. A building for a public market. 

M a.RK'ET-MaID, n. A woman who brings things to market 

MaRK'ET-MAN, n. A man who brings things to market 

MaRK'ET-PLaCE, n. The place where provisions or 
goods are exposed to sale. 

MaRK'ET-PRiCE, ) n. The current price of commodities 

MaRK'ET-RaTE, 5 at any given time. 

MaRKET-TOWN, n. A town that has the privilege of a 
stated public market. 

MaRK'ET-WoM-AN, n. A woman who brings things to 
market. 

MaRK'ET-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be sold ; salable ; fit for 
the market. 2. Current in market. — Locke. 

MaRK'ET-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being marketable. 

MXRK'ET-ING, ppr. Dealing at a market. 

MaRK'ET-ING, n. Supply of a market ; attendance upon 
a market. 

MX.RK1NG-INK, n. Indelible ink, used for marking clothes. 

MARK'ING-I'RON (-rum), re. An iron for marking. 

MaRK'ING-NUT, n. The cashew-nut, whose juice affords 
an indelible ink for marking linen. 

MaRKS'MAN, re. 1. One who is skillful to hit a mark ; he 
who shoots well. 2. One who, not able to write, makes 
his mark instead of his name. 

MARL, re. [W. marl] An earth or clay containing carbo 
nate of lime, and effervescing, consequently, with an acid 
much used for manure. The term is sometimes improp- 
erly applied to other earths used as manure. — Dana. 

MaRL, v. t. 1. To overspread or manure with marl. 2. To 
wind or twist a small line or rope round another.— R. H, 
Dana,_ Jr. 

MaRL-a'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Resembling marl ; partaking 
of the qualities of marl. 

MaRLJSD, pp. Manured with marl ; wound with marline. 

MaR'LiNE, re. [Sp. merlin; Port, merlim.] Small, two 
stranded stuff, used for marling. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

MaPi/LiNE, v. t. To wind marline round a rope. 



DiWE ;— BULL UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



MAR 



624 



MAR 



MARLlNE-SPlKE, n. An iron tool, tapering to a point, for 
opening the strands of rope in splicing. — Herbert. 

MARL'ING, ppr. Overspreading with marl; winding with 
marline. 

MaRL'ING, n. 1. The act of manuring with marl. 2. The 
act of winding a small hue about a rope to prevent its 
being_ galled. 

MXRL'lTE, n. A variety of marl. — Kirwan. 

MARL-IT'IC, a. Partaking of the qualities of marlite. 

MARL 'PIT, n. A pit where marl is dug. — Woodward. 

MAR.L'Y, a. 1. Consisting in or partaking of marl. 2. Re- 
sembling marl. 3. Abounding with marl. 

MAR'MA-LADE, n. [Fr. maiinelade ; Sp. mermelada.] The 
pulp of quinces boiled into a consistence with sugar, or a 
confection of plums, apricots, quinces, &c, boiled with 
sugar. 

MAR'MA-TlTE, n. [from Marmato, in New Grenada.] A 
black mineral, consisting of the sulphurets of zinc and 
iron. — Dana. 

MAR/MO-LlTE, n. [Gr. napnatpoo.] A foliated serpentine, 
cleaving into thin, brittle lamina. 

MAR-MO-Ra'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to or like marble. 

MAR'MO-RATE, )a. [L. marmor.] 1. Variegated like 

MAR'MO-Ra-TED, 5 marble. 2. Covered with marble. 
[Little used.] 

MAR-MO-RX'TION, n. A covering or incrusting with mar- 
ble. [Little used.] 

MAR-MO-Ra'TUM, n. [L.] In architecture, a cement formed 
of pounded marble and lime well beaten together. 

MAR-Mo'RE-AN, a. [L. marmoreus.] 1. Pertaining to mar- 
ble. 2. Made of marble. 

MAR'MoSE, n. An animal of Cayenne and Surinam, re- 
sembling the opossum. 

* MAR'MO-SET, n. A small monkey.— Sliak. 

fc MAR'MOT, ti. [It. marmotta.] A quadruped of the genu3 
arctomys, allied to the murine tribe. 

MAR'ON-lTES, n. pi. A body of nominal Christians, who 
speak the Arabic language, and reside on Mount Lebanon. 
They take their name from one Maron, of the sixth centu- 
ry, and were charged with the heresy of the Monothelites, 
though, as they claim, erroneously. They have, for the 
last six hundred years, belonged to the Roman Catholic 
Church, though without giving up their ancient peculiari- 
ties. — Encyc. Am. 

MA-ROON', n. A name given to free blacks living on the 
mountains in the West India isles. 

MA-ROON', v. t. To put a sailor ashore on a desolate isle, 
under pretense of his having committed some great crime. 

MA-R.OON', a. Brownish crimson ; of a claret color. 

MA-ROONED', pp. Put ashore on a desolate isle. 

MARPLOT, n. One who, by his officious interference, 
mars or defeats a design or plot. 

Ma.RQ.UE (mark), n. [Fr.] 1. Letters of marque are letters 
of reprisal ; a license or extraordinary commission grant- 
ed by a sovereign of one. state to his subjects, to make re- 
prisals at sea on the subjects of another, under pretense of 
indemnification for injuries received. 2. The ship commis- 
sioned for making reprisals. 

M'XR-QUEE' (miir-kee'), 7# [Fr.] A large field-tent. 

MARQUESS, ;*. See MaIquis. [Till of late margins was 
most common, but is now, to a great extent, superseded 
by marquess, except in the foreign title. — Smart.] 

MAR'QUET-RY (mar'kettry), ??. "[Fr. marqueterie.] Inlaid 
work ; work inlaid with different pieces of divers colored 
fine wood, shells, ivory, 'and the like. 

MaR'QUIS (-kwis), ii. [Fr. ; Sp. marques ; It. marchese.] A 
title of honor in Great Britain, France, and Germany, next 
below that of duke. 

i MaR'QUIS, ii. A marchioness. — Shalt. 

MARQUIS-ATE, ii. The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of 
a marquis. 

MARRED, pp. Injured ; impaired. 

MAR'RER, ii. One who mars, hurts, or impairs. 

1 MAR'RI-A-BLE, for marriageable. 

MAR'RiAgE (mar'rij), n. [Fr. mariage.] 1. The act of unit- 
ing a man and woman for life ; the legal union of a man 
and woman for life. 2. A feast made on the occasion of 
a marriage. — 3. In a Scriptural sense i the union between 
Christ and his Church by the covenant of grace. — Syn. 
Matrimony; wedlock; wedding; nuptials. 

MARRiAgE-XRTI-€LES (-klz), n. pi. Contract or agree- 
ment on which a marriage is founded. 
MAR'RiAgE-Fa'VORS, ii. pi. Knots of white ribbons, or 

bunches of white flowers, worn at weddings. 
MAR'RiAGE-A-BLE, a. 1. Of an age suitable for marriage ; 

fit to be married ; nubile. 2. Capable of union. 
MARRIED (mar'rid), pp. or a. 1. United in wedlock ; wed- 
ded. 2. Conjugal; connubial. 
MAR/RI-ER, n. One who marries. 
MAR'RING, ppr. Injuring ; impairing. 
MAR-ROON'. See Maroon. 

MAR'RoW, n. [Sax. merg, meark ; D. merg ; G. mark.] 1. 
A soft, oleaginous substance contained in the cavities of 



animal bones. 2. The essence ; the best part.- -3. In the 
Scottish dialect, a companion ; fellow ; associate ; match. 

MAR'RoW, v.t. To fill with marrow or with fat ; to glut. 

MAR'RoW-BoNE, n. 1. A bone containing marrow, or 
boiled for its marrow. 2. The bone of the knee ; [collo- 
quial.] 

M AR'RoW-FAT, n. A kind of rich pea. 

MARRoW-ISH, a. Of the nature of marrow. 

MAR'RoW-LESS, a. Destitute of marrow.— Shah. 

MAR'ROW-Y, a. Full of marrow ; pithy. 

MAR'RY, v. t. [Fr. marier.] 1. To unite in wedlock or mat 
rimony ; to join a man and woman for life. 2. To dispose 
of in wedlock. 3. To take for husband or wife. — 4. In 
Scripture, to unite in covenant, or in the closest connection. 

MAR'RY, v. i. To enter into the conjugal state ; to unite as 
husband and wife ; to take a husband or a wife. 

f MAR'RY, a term of asseveration, is said to have been de- 
rived from the practice of swearing by the Virgin Mary. 

MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Uniting in wedlock; disposing of in 
marriage. 

MARS, ii. [L.] 1. In mythology, the god of war. — 2. In as- 
tronomy, a planet of a deep-red color, between the earth 
and Jupiter. — 3. In the old chemistry, a term for iron. 

MARSH, ii. [Sax. mcrsc; Fr.marais.] A tract of low land, 
usually or occasionally covered with water, or very wet 
and miry, and overgrown with coarse grass or with de 
tached clumps of sedge ; a fen. 

MARSH'-BRED, a. Bred in a marsh.— Coleridge. 

MARSH'-EL'DER, ii. The gelder rose. 

MARSH'-MAL'LoW, n. A plant of the genus althaa. 

MARSH'-MARI-GoLD, n A plant of the genus caltlia. 

MARSH'-ROCK'ET, n. A species of water-cresses. 

MaR'SHAL, n. [Fr. marechal; D., G. marscluilk.] 1. The 
chief officer of arms, whose duty it is to regulate combats 
in the lists. 2. One who regulates rank and order at a 
feast or any other assembly, directs the order of proces- 
sion, and the like. 3. A harbinger ; a pursuivant ; one 
who goes before a prince to declare his coming and pro- 
vide entertainment. — 4. In France, the highest military 
officer.— 5. In America, a civil officer in each judicial dis- 
trict, answering to the sheriff of a county. 6. An officer 
of any private society, appointed to regulate their cere- 
monies and execute their orders. — Earl marshal of En- 
gland, the eighth officer of state, a dignity hereditary in 
the family of the dukes of Norfolk. 

MAR'SHAL, v. t. 1. To dispose in order ; to arrange in a 
suitable manner. 2. To lead, as a harbinger ; [obs.j 3. 
To dispose in due order the several parts of an escutch- 
eon, or the coats of arms of distinct families. 

MAR'SHALED, pp. or a. Arranged in due order. 

MARSHAL-ER., ii. One who disposes in due order. 

MAR'SHAL-ING, ppr. Arranging in due order. 

MAR'SHAL-ING, u. 1. The act of arranging in due order. 
— 2. In heraldry, an arrangement of coats in a shield so as 
to exhibit the alliances of a family. 

MAR'SHAL-SEA, ii. In England, the prison in Southwark. 
belonging to the marshal of the king's household. 

MARSHAL-SHIP, n. The office of a marshal. 

MARSH'Y, a. 1. Wet; boggy; fenny. 2. Produced in 
marshes. 

MAR-Su'PI-AL, ? a. [L. marsupium, a bag.] Pertaining to 

MAR-Su'PI-ATE, 5 the didelphyc animals, such as the 
opossum, &c. See Marsupialia. 

MAR-Su'PI-AL, n. One of the marsupialia. 

MaR-SU-PI-a'LI-A, n. pi. Animals having a pouch or bag 
for carrying their young, as the kangaroo and opossum. 

MAR'SU-PlTE, n. A fossil resembling a purse, the remains 
of a molluscous animal. — Mantell. 

MaRT, n. [from market.] 1. A place of sale or traffic. 2 
Bargain; purchase and sale ; [obs.] 

t MART, v. t. To buy and sell ; to t/affic.— Shak. 

t MART, v. i. To trade dishonorably. — Shak. 

MXR'TA-GON, n. A kind of lily.— Herbert. 

t MaR'TEL, v. t. [Fr. marteler.] To strike. 

Ma'R-TEL'LO-TOW-ER, n. The name given to the circu 
lar buildings of masonry erected along the British coasts 
as a defense against the meditated invasion of Bonaparte. 
— Brande. 

MARTEN, n. A species of bird. See Martin. 

MaR'TEN, 11. [D. marter ; Fr. marte.] A carnivorous animal 
allied to the weasel, and valued for its fur. 

MARTIAL (mar'shal), a. [Fr. ; L. martialis.] 1. Pertaining 
to war ; suited to war ; military. 2. Warlike ; brave 
given to war. 3. Suited to battle. 4. Belonging to war, 
or to an army and navy. 5. Pertaining to Mars, or bor 
rowing the properties of that planet ; [obs.] 6. Pertain- 
ing to Iron, called, by the old chemist?, mars. 

MaR'TIAL LAW, n. A code of regulations for the govern- 
ment of an army or navy. When martial laic is proclaimed 
in a place, all the citizens are subjected to the severity of 
military regulations. — Bouvier. 

t MARTIAL-ISM, n. Bravery; martial exercises. 

t MAR'TIAL-IST, n. A warrior ; a fighter.— Howsl. 



* Se* Synopsis. A, E. T, &c, long.— A, E, % &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



MAJs 



625 



MAS 



MAR'TIAL-LY. adv. In a martial manner. 

MARTIN, n. [Fr. martinet.] A bird of the swallow kind, 
that frequents dwellings. 

MAR'TIN-ET, In. 1. A martin. — 2. In military language, a 

MARTLET, 5 strict disciplinarian. 

MARTI-NETS, n. pi. In ships, martinets are small lines fas- 
tened to the leech of a sail, to bring it close to the yard 
when the sail is furled. 

MaR'TIN-GAL. )7(. [Fr. martingale.] 1. A strap or thong 

MAR'TIN-GALE, ) fastened to the girth under a horse's bel- 
ly, and, at the other end, to the musrole passing between 
the fore-legs. — 2. In ships, a short, perpendicular spar un- 
der the bowsprit end, used for reeving the stays. — Dana. 

MARTIN-MAS, n. [Martin and mass.] The feast of St. 
Martin, of Tours, who died about A.D. 400 ; the eleventh 
of November. — Johnson. 

MaRTLET, n. In heraldry, a bird without legs or beak. It 
is the distinction of the fourth son. See, also, Martinet. 

MaR/TYR, n. [Gr. naprvp.] 1. One who, by his death, bears 
witness to the truth of the Gospel. 2. One who sutlers 
death in defense of any cause. 

MaR'TYR v. t. 1. To put to death for adhering to what 
one believes to be the truth. — Pearson. 2. To murder ; 
to destroy. — Chaucer. 

MAR'TYR-DuM, n. The death of a martyr ; the suffering 
of death on account of one's adherence to the Gospel. 

MARTYRED, #p. or a. Put to death on account of one's faith. 

MaR'TYR-iZE, v. t. To offer as a martyr.— Spenser. [Rare.] 

MaR'TYR-O-LOgE, n. A register of martyrs. 

MAR-TYR-0-LOg'I€-AL, a. Registering or registered in a 
catalogue of martyrs. 

MAR-TYR-OL'O-GlST, n. A writer of martyrology, or an 
account of martyrs. 

MAR-TYR-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. nafirup and Aoyo?.] A history 
or account of martyrs with their sufferings, or a register 
of martyrs. 

MAR'VEL, n. [Fr. merveille.] That which arrests the atten- 
tion ; any thing wonderful or astonishing; [nearly obs.] — 
Marvel of Peru, a fragrant flowering plant of the genus 
mirahilis. — Syn. Wonder; admiration; astonishment; 
miracle ; prodigy. 

MaR'VEL, v. i. To wonder. [Nearly obsolete.] 

MAR'VEL-ING, ppr. Wondering. 

MAR'VEL-OUS, a. r Fr. merveilleux.] 1. Exciting wonder 
or some degree of surprise. 2. Surpassing credit or be- 
lief. — 3. The marvelous, in writing, is that which exceeds 
natural power. — i. Formerly, used adverbially for wonder- 
fully, exceedingly. — Syn. Wonderful ; astonishing ; sur- 
prising ; strange ; improbable ; incredible. 

MaR'VEL-OUS-LY, adv. Wonderfully ; strangely ; in a 
manner to excite wonder or surprise. 

MAR'VEL-OUS-NESS, n. Wonderfulness ; strangeness. 

MA'RY'-BUD, n. The marigold.— Skak. 

MAS-€AG'NIN (mas-kan'yin), n. The native sulphate of 
ammonia of volcanic districts ; named from Mascagni, its 
discoverer. 

MAS'€LE (masTd or masT), n. In heraldry, a lozenge per- 
forated. 

r MAS'€U-LaTE. v. t. [L. masculus.] To make strong. 

MAS'€U-La-TED, pp. Made strong. 

MAS'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Making strong. 

MAS'€U-LfNE, a. [Fr. masculin ; L. masculinus.] 1. Hav- 
ing the qualities of a man ; strong ; robust. 2. Resem- 
bling man ; coarse. 3. Bold ; brave. — 4. In grammar, the 
masculine gender of words is that which expresses a male, 
or something analogous to it. 

MAS'€U-LfNE-LY, adv. Like a man.— Ben Jonson. 

MAS'CU-LINE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
manly ; resemblance of man in qualities. 

MASH, n. [G. meischen.] 1. A mixture or mass of ingre- 
dients, beaten or blended together in a promiscuous man- 
ner. 2. A mixture for the food of domestic animals. — 3. 
In brewing, a mixture of ground malt and warm water. 

MASH, v. t. 1. To beat into a confused mass. 2. To bruise ; 
to crush by beating or pressure. 3. To mix malt and wa- 
ter together in brewing. 

MASHED (masht), pp. or a. Beat into a mass; bruised; 
crashed ; mixed into a mash. 

MASHING, ppr. Beating into a mass ; bruising ; crushing. 

MASH'ING, n. 1. A bearing into a mass : a crashing. — 2. In 
braving, the process of infusing the ground malt in warm 
water and extracting the saccharine matter called sweet- 
tvort. — Encyc. of Dovi. Econ. 

MASHTNG-TUB, n. A tub for containing the mash in 
breweries. 

MASHT, a. Produced by crushing or bruising. 

MASK, n. [£t. masque.] 1. A cover for the face ; that which 
conceals the face, especially a cover with apertures for 
the eyes and mouth ; a visor. 2. That which disguises ; 
any pretense or subterfuge. 3. A festive entertainment of 
dancing or other diversions, in which the company all 
wear masks ; a masquerade. 4. A revel ; a bustle ; a 
piece of mummery. — Milton. 5. A dramatic performance, 



written in a tragic style, without attention to rules oi 
probability. Peacham.—Q. In architecture, a piece of sculp- 
ture, representing some grotesque form, to till and adorn 
vacant places. 

MaSK, v. t. 1. To cover the face ; to conceal with a mask 
c r visor. 2. To disguise ; to cover ; to hide. 

MASK, v. i. 1. To revel ; to play the fool in masquerade. 
2. To be disguised in any way. — Shah. 

MASK'-HOUSE, n. A place for masquerades.- -Bp. Hall. 

MASKED (ma.skt),pp. or a. 1. Having the face covered ; 
concealed ; disguised. — 2. a. In botany, having the sides of 
a labiate corol pressed together so as to close the opening 
into the tube. 

MASK'ER, n. One who wears a mask ; one who plays the 
fool at a masquerade. 

t MASK'ER- Y, n. The dress or disguise of a masker. 

MASK'ING, ppr. Covering with a mask ; concealing. 

MAS'LIN, n. A mixture of different sorts of grain, as of 
wheat and rye. See Meslin. 

MAS'LIN, a. Composed of different sorts ; as, maslin bread, 
which is composed of wheat and rye. Spelled, also, meslin 
and mislin. 

MA'S ON (ma'sn), n. [Fr. macon.] 1. A man whose occupa- 
tion is to lay bricks and stones. 2. A member of the fra- 
ternity of freemasons. 

MA-SON'I€, a. Pertaining to the craft or mysteries of free- 
masons. 

MA'SON-RY (ma'sn-re), n. [Fr. maconnerie.] 1. The art or 
occupation of a mason. 2. The work or performance of 
a mason. 3. The craft or mysteries of freemasons. 

MAS'O-RA, n. [Heb.] A Jewish, critical work on the text 
of the Hebrew Scriptures, composed by learned Rabbis 
in the eighth and ninth centuries. — Murdoch. 

MAS-0-RETIC, I a. [Heb.] Relating to the Masora, or 

MAS-O-RETIC-AL, ) to its authors, who invented the He- 
brew vowel points and accents. — Murdoch. 

MAS'O-RlTE, n. One of the writers of the Masora, 

MASQUE, n._ See Mask. 

MAS-QUER-aDE' (mas-ker-ade'),' n. [It. mascherata.] 1. A 
nocturnal assembly of persons wearing masks, and amus- 
ing themselves with dancing, conversation, and other di- 
versions. 2. Disguise. 3. A Spanish diversion on horse- 
back. 

MAS-QUER-aDE', v. i. 1. To go in disguise. 2. To assem- 
ble in masks. — Swift. 

MAS-QUER-ADE', v. t. To put in disguise.— Killingbeck. 

MAS-QUER-aD'ER (mas-ker-ad'er), n. A person wealing a 
mask ; one disguised. — L 1 Estrange. 

MAS-QUER-AD'ING, ppr. Assembling in masks. 

MASS, n. [Fr. masse.] 1. A lump ; a body of matter con- 
creted, collected, or formed into a lump ; [applied to any 
solid body.] 2. A collective body of fluid matter. 3. A. 
heap. 4. A great quantity collected. 5. Bulk ; magni- 
tude. — Shah. 6. An assemblage ; a collection of particu- 
lars blended, confused, or indistinct. 7. Gross body of 
things considered collectively; the body; the bulk. 8.. 
The quantity of matter in any body. 

MASS, n. [Sax. mtzsa, masse; Fr. messe ; Low L. missa, from. 
mitto, to dismiss.] The communion service, or the conse- 
cration and oblation of the host in the Roman Catholic 
churches. Murdoch. — High mass is that which is publicly 
performed with music, as distinguished from low mass, 
which is more private, and without music. — Encyc. Am. 

t MASS, v. i. To celebrate mass. — Hooker. 

t MASS, v. t. To fill; to stuff; to strengthen. 

MASS'-BOOK, «. The missal, or Roman Catholic service- 
book. 

MASS'-HOUSE, n. A name formerly given to a Roman 
Catholic place of worship. 

MASS'-MEET-ING, n. A large assembly of the people to be 
addressed on some public occasion, usually political. [U. 
States.] 

MASS'-PPdKST, n. A name formerly given to a Roman 
Catholic priest. 

MAS'SA-€RE (mas'sa-ker), n. [Fr. massacre.] 1. The mur 
der of an individual, or the slaughter of numbers of hu 
man beings, with circumstances of cruelty : the indiscrim- 
inate kSlmg of human beinsrs, without authority or neces- 
sity, and without forms, civil or military. It differs from 
assassination, which is a private killing. It differs from 
carnage, which is rather the effect of slaughter than slaugh- 
ter itself, and i3 applied to the authorized destruction of 
men in battle. Massacre is sometimes called butchery, 
from its resemblance to the killing of cattle. 2. Murder 
— Shak. 

MAS'SA-€RE, v. t. To murder human beings with circum- 
stances of cruelty ; to kill men with indiscriminate vio- 
lence. 

MAS'8A-€RED (mas'sa-kurd), pp. or a. Barbarously or in- 
discriminately murdered. 

MAS'SA-€REE» n. One who massacres.— Burke. [Bud] 

MAS'SA-CRING, ppr. Barbarously or indiscriminately mur 
derma;. 



ThWE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— -G as K ; G a? J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 
Rr 



MAS 



62(3 



MAT 



MaSS'ER, re. A priest who celebrates mass. 

MAS'SE-TER, re. [Gr. naaaaonai.] A muscle which raises 
the xmder jaw, and assists in chewing. 

MAS'SI-COT, \n. [Fr. massicot.] Protoxyd of lead ; yellow 

MAS'TI-eOT, 5 oxyd of lead. 

Ma.SS'1-NESS, In. The state of being massy ; great 

MASS'lVE-NESS, I weight, or weight with bulk ; ponder- 
ousness. 

MaSS'i VE, \ a. [Fr. massif, from mass.] Heavy ; weighty ; 

MXSS'Y, 5 ponderous ; bulky and heavy. 

MiSS'lVE, a. In mineralogy, in mass ; having a crystalline 
structure, but not a regular form. 

MaSS'i VE-LY, adv. In a mass. 

vIAST, n. [Sax. mast ; D., G., Sw., Dan. mast.] A long, 
round piece of timber, elevated perpendicularly on the 
keel of a ship or other vessel, to which the yards, sails, and 
rigging are attached, and by which they are supported. 

Ma ST, n. [Sax. maste.] The fruit of the oak and beech, or 
other forest-trees; nuts; acorns. [It is without a plural.] 

MaST'-HeAD (-hed), n. The summit, or head of a mast. 

MiSTED, a. Furnished with a mast or masts. 

MISTER, n, [Fr. maitre, for maister ; Russ. master ; Dan. 
meester ; G. meister.] 1. A man who rules, governs, or di- 
rects either men or business. 2. A director, head, or chief 
manager. 3. The owner ; proprietor ; possessor ; [with the 
idea of governing:] 4. A lord ; a ruler ; one who has su- 
preme dominion. 5. A chief ; a principal. — Pope. 6. One 
who has possession and the power of controlling or using 
at pleasure. 7. The commander of a merchant ship, usu- 
ally called captain. — 8. In ships of war, an officer who takes 
rank immediately after the lieutenants, and navigates the 
ship under the direction of the captain. 9. The director 
if a school ; a teacher ; an instructor. 10. One uncon- 
trolled. 11. An appellation of respect. 12. A title of boys 
or quite young men. 13. A man emmently or perfectly 
skilled in any occupation, art, or science.^ 14. A title of 
dignity in colleges and universities. 15. The chief of a so- 
ciety. 16. The director of ceremonies at public places or 
on public occasions. 17a The president of a college ; [En- 
gland.] — Master of the horse, the third great officer in the 
British court, having the management of the royal stables, 
&c. In solemn cavalcades, he rides next the sovereign. 
Brande. — As a title of respect given to adult persons, it is 
pronounced mister. 

MASTER, v. t. 1. To conquer ; to overpower ; to subdue ; 
to bring under control. 2. To make one's self master of; 
as, to master a science. 3. To execute with skill. 4. To 
rule ; to govern ; [ohs.] 

;j MXS'TER, v. i. To be skillful ; to excel. — Spenser. 

M ASTER-BUlLD-ER (-bild'er), n. The chief builder. 

MASTER-CHORD (-kord), re. The chief chord.— Moore. 

MASTER-HAND, n. A person eminently skillful.— Pope. 

MASTER-JEST, n. Principal jest.— Hudibras. 

MaS'TER-Ke Y, n. The key that opens many locks ; hence, 
figuratively, a general clew to lead out of many difficulties. 

MaS'TER-LoDE, n. In mining, the principal vein of ore. 

MASTER-MiND, n. The chief mind.— Mrs. Butler. 

MASTER-NoTE, n. The chief note.— E. Everett. 

MaSTER-PIeCE, n. 1. A capital performance. 2. Chief 
excellence or talent. 

MASTER-SINEW (-sin'nu), n. A large sinew that sur- 
rounds the hough of a horse, and divides it from the bone 
by a hollow place, where the wind-galls are usually seated. 

MASTER-STRING, re. Principal string— Rowe. 

MaSTER-STRoKE, n. Capital performance. 

MASTER-TOOTH, n. A principal tooth.— Bacon. 

MaS'TER-ToUCH (-tuch), n. A touch that speaks the mas- 
ter; principal performance. — Tatler. 

MASTER-W6RK, n. Principal performance. 

MASTER-W6RT, n. An umbelliferous herb, with large 
leaves : in England, imperatoria ostruthicun ; in New En- 
gland, Heracleum lanatum. 

\ MASTER-D6M, n. Dominion ;. rule.— Shak. 

MASTERED, pp. Overpowered; subdued. 

1 MASTER-FUL, a. Having the skill of a master ; also, im- 
perious ; arbitrary. — Milton. 

MASTER-ING, ppr. Conquering; overcoming. 

MXS'TER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a master or owner. 2. 
Ungoverned ; unsubdued. 

i MASTER-LI-NESS, n. Eminent skill. 

MASTER-LY, a. 1. Formed or executed with superior 
skill ; suitable to a master ; most excellent ; skillful. 2. 
Imperious. 

MASTER-LY, adv. Wifch the skill of a master. 

MASTER-SHIP, n. 1. Dominion ; rule ; supreme power. 

2. Superiority ; pre-eminence. 3. Chief work ; master- 
piece; [obs.] 4. Superior skill.— Shak. 5. Title of respect; 
[in irony.] 6. The office of president of a college, or oth- 
er institution. 

M ASTER- Y, re. 1. Dominion ; power of governing or com- 
manding. 2. Superiority in competition; pre-eminence. 

3. Victory in war. 4. Eminent skill ; superior dexterity. 
5. Attainment of eminent skill or power. 



MaSTFUL, a. Abounding with mast, or fruit of oak, beeen* 
and other foi-ust-trees. 

MAS'TIC, ) n. [Fr. mastic] 1. A resin exsuding from the 

MAS'TICH, 5 n^astic-tree, a species of pistacia. It is in 
yellowish- white, semi-transparent tears. Its chief use is in 
varnishes. 2. A iiind of cement, used for plastering walls 
<fec. 

MASTI-GA-BLE, a. That can be masticated. 

MAS-TI-€a'DOR, re. tSp. mascar ; L. mastico, to chew.J In 
a bridle,_the slavering bit. 

MAS'TI-CaTE, v. t. [L. mastico.] To chew ; to grind with 
the teeth and prepare for swallowing and digestion. 

MAS'TI-Ca-TED, pp. or a. Chewed. 

MASTI-C A-TING, ppr. Chewing ; breaking into small pieces 
with the teeth. 

MAS-TI-CITION, re. The act of chewing food. 

MAS'TI-CA-TO-RY, a. Chewing; adapted to perform the 
office of chewing food. — Lawrence: 's Lect. 

MAS'TI-€A-TO-RY, re. A substance to be chewed to in- 
crease the saliva. — Coxe. 

MASTI-COT, re. Yellow oxyd of lead. See Massicot. 

MASTIFF, re. [Sp. mastin.] A large variety of dog, remark 
able for strength and courage. 

MASTLESS, a. 1. Having no mast, as a vessel. 2. Bear- 
ing no mast, as an oak. — Dryden. 

MASTLIN. See Meslin. 

MAS'TO-DON, re. [Gr. /xaarog and oSovg.] A genus of mam 
miferous and pachydermatous animals, resembling the el- 
ephant, now extinct, and known only by their fossil re- 
mains. 

MASTOID, a. [Gr. //aaros and ados.] Resembling the nip- 
ple or breast. 

MAS-TOL/0-6Y, re. [Gr. ixaaros and \oyos.] The natural 
history of animals which suckle their young ; mazology. 

t MISTRESS, for mistress.— Chaucer. 

MAS-TUR-BXTION, re. [L. manus and stuprum.] Onanism. 

MASTY, a. Full of mast; abounding with acorns, &c. 

MAT, re. [W. mat; Sax. meatta.] 1. A texture of sedge, 
rushes, flags, husks, straw, or other material, used for ^a 
rious purposes of cleanliness and protection from injury. 

2. A web of rope-yarn, used in ships to secure the stand- 
ing rigging from the friction of the yards, &c. 

MAT, v. t. 1. To cover or lay with mats. 2. To twist to- 
gether ; to interweave like a mat ; to entangle. — Dryden. 

3. To press together ; to lay flat. 

MAT'A-CHlN (mafa-sheen), re. [Sp.] An old dance with 
swords and bucklers. 

MAT'A-DoRE, re. [Sp. matador.] 1. One of the three prin 
cipal cards in the game of ombre and quadrille. 2. He 
who kills ; the killer ; the man appointed to kill the bull 
in bull-fights. 

MATCH, re. [Fr. meche.] 1. Some very combustible sub- 
stance used for lighting a fire. 2. A rope or cord made oi 
hempen tow, and used for firing artillery, mines, &c. 

MATCH, re. [Sax. maca and gemaca.] 1. A person who i3 
equal to another in strength or other quality ; one able to 
cope with another. 2. One who suits or tallies with an- 
other; or any thing that equals another. 3. Union by 
marriage ; sometimes, a contract of marriage. 4. One to 
be married. 

MATCH, re. [Gr. naxv-] A contest ; competition for vic- 
tory ; or a union of parties for contest. 

MATCH, v. t. 1. To equal. 2. To show an equal. 3. To 
oppose as equal ; to set against as equal in contest. 4. To 
suit ; to make equal ; to proportion. 5. To marry ; to 
give in marriage. 6. To purify vessels by burning a match 
in them. 

MATCH, v. i. 1. To be united in marriage. 2. To suit ; to 
correspond ; to be of equal size, figure, or quality ; to 
tally. 

M ATCH'-M aK-ER, re. 1. One who makes matches for burn 
ing. 2. One who contrives or effects a union by marriaga 

MATCH'-MaK-ING, re. The act of making matches. 

MATCH'A-BLE, a. 1. Equal ; suitable ; fit to be joined. - 
Spenser. 2. Correspondent. — Woodward; [little used.] 

MATCHjED (matcht), pp. Equaled; suited; placed in op- 
position ; married. 

MATCHING, ppr. Equaling ; suiting ; setting in opposition 
uniting in marriage. 

MATCHLESS, a. Having no equal. 

MATCH'LESS-LY, adv. In a manner not to be equaled. 

MATCH'LESS-NESS, re. The state or quality of being with 
out an equal. 

MATCHLOCK, re. Formerly, the lock of a musket, contain 
ing a match for firing ; the musket itself. 

MITE, re. [D. maat.] 1. A companion ; an associate ; one 
who customarily associates with another. 2. A husband 
or wife. 3. The male or female of animals which asso- 
ciate for propagation and the care of their young. 4. One 
who eats at the same table. 5. One who attends the same 
school ; a school-mate. 6. An officer in a merchant ship 
or ship of war, whose duty is to assist the master or com 
mander. 7. (pron. ma'ta) Paraguay tea. See Matte. 



See Synopsis. A. E. r, &c. long.— Hi. e, I, &c, short — FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



MAT 



627 



MA' 



MXTE, n. [Sp., Port, mate ; Fr. mat] In chess, the state of 

the king so situated that he can not escape. 
MaTE, v. t 1. To match ; to marry. 2. To equal ; to be 

equal to. 3. To oppose ; to equal, 
f MaTE, 77. t. [Fr. mater.] To enervate ; to subdue ; to crush. 
MiTE'LESS, a. Having no mate or companion. 
MAT'E-LOTE, n. f Fr ] A dish of food composed of many 

kinds of fish. 
Ma-TE-OL'0-6Y, 7i. [Gr. uaraios and Xoyos.] A vain dis- 
course or inquiry. 
MI-TE-O-TECH'NY, n. [Gr. naiaios and rwn-] An J un- 
profitable science. 
Ma'TER, n. [L. mother.] In anatomy, two membranes cov- 
ering the different portions of the brain and spinal cord, 
and distinguished by the epithets dura and pia. 
MA-Te'RI-A MED'I-€A, n. [L.] 1. A general name for all 
articles employed in curing diseases. 2. The science 
which treats of the various articles employed in curing 
diseases. 
MA-Te'RI-AL, a. [It. materiale ; Fr. materiel.] 1. Consisting 
' of matter ; not spiritual. 2. More or less necessary ; hav- 
ing influence or effect. 3. Not formal ; substantial. 4. 
Furnishing materials. Wheaton. — Syn. Corporeal ; bodi- 
ly ; important; weighty ; momentous; essential. 

MA-Te'RI-AL, n. The substance or matter of which any 
thing is made. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-ISM, 7i. 1. The doctrine of materialists. 2. 
Matter ; material substances in the aggregate. — Chalmers ; 
[rare.] 

MA-Te'RI-AL-IST, n. One who denies the existence of 
spiritual substances, and maintains that the soul of man is 
the result of a particular organization of matter in the 
body. 

MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Material existence ; corporeity ; 
not spirituality. 2. Importance. — Judge Chase. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To reduce to a state of matter ; 
also^to regard as matter. — Reid. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-iZ£D, pp. or a. Reduced to a state of matter. 

MA-TE'RI-AL-lZ-ING,£pr. Reducing to a state of matter. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the state of matter.— Boyle. 
2. Not formally ; substantially. 3. In an important man- 
ner or degree ; essentially. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. The state of being material ; im- 
portance. 

MA-Te'RI-ATE, \ a. [L. materiatus.] Consisting of mat- 

MA-Te'RI-a-TED, 5 ter.— Bacon. [Little used.] 

f- MA-TE-RI-A'TION, n. The act of forming matter. 

MA-TE'RI-EL, n. [Fr.] A term denoting those material ob- 
jects or instruments which are used in any design. Thus, 
the materiel of an army is the baggage, munitions, &c, in 
distinction from the personnel or troops which compose it. 

MA-TER'NAL, a. [L. maternus.] Motherly ; pertaining to a 
mother ; becoming a mother. 

MA-TER'NAL-LY, adv. In a maternal manner. ' 

MA-TER'NI-TY, n. [Fr. maternite.] The character or rela- 
tion of a mother. 

MATFEL-ON, n. A species of knap-weed. 

MATH, n. [Sax. mceth.] A mowing; as in after-math. 

MATH-E-MATIC, \ a. [L. mathematicus.] 1. Pertaining 

MATH-E-MAT'IC-AL, 5 to mathematics. 2. According to 
the principles of mathematics. 

MATH-E-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the laws or 
principles of mathematical science. 2. With mathemat- 
ical certainty ; demonstrably. 

MATH-E-MA-Tl"CIAN (-tish'an), n. [French mathematicien.] 
One versed in mathematics. 

MATH-E-MATIC S, n. [L. mathematical The science of 
quantity ; the science which treats of magnitude and num- 
ber, or of whatever can be measured or numbered. — In 
pure mathematics, quantities are considered, independently 
of any substance's actually existing. — In mixed mathemat- 
ics, the relations of quantities are investigated, in connec- 
tion with some of the properties of matter, or with ref- 
erence to the common transactions of business. 

MATH'E-MEG, n. A fish of the cod kind. 

MATH'ES, 7i. An herb.— Ainsworth. 

' MA THE'SJS. n. [Gt. nadrjats] Learning ; particularly, 
mathematics. [Rare.] 

MAT IN. n \Yv. matin.] Pertaining to the morning ; used 
in the morning. 

\ MATIN, n. Morning.— Shah. 

MATINS, n. pi. 1. Morning worship or service ; morning 
prayers or songs. 2. Time of morning service. 

MATTtASS, n. [Fr. matras.] A cucurbit; a chemical vessel 
in the shape of an egg. It is superseded in the modern 
laboratory by a flask. — Brande. 

MATRESS. See Mattkess. 

MI'TRfCE, ? n. [L. matrix.] The womb ; the cavity in 

Ma'TRIX, I which the tetus of an animal is formed and 
nourished till its birth. 

MATRlCE (mat'ris), n. 1. A mold ; the cavity in which 
any thing is formed, and which gives it shape. 2. The 
place where any thing is formed or produced; gang. — 



3. In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, white, blue 
red, andyellow, of which all the rest aro composed. 
MATRI-Cl-DAL, a. Pertaining to matricide. 

* MAT'RI-ClDE, 7i. [L. matricidium.] 1. The killing or mur- 

der of a mother. 2. The killer or murderer of his mother 
MA-TRIC'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. matricula.] To enter or admit 

to membership in a body or society, particularly, in a col- 
lege or university, by enrolling the name in a register. 
MA-TRIC'U-LATE, n. One enrolled in u register, and thus 

admitted to membership in a society. 
MA-TRIC'U-La-TED, pp. or a. Entered or admitted to 

membership in a society, particularly, in a university. 
MA-TRI€-U-La'TION, n. The act of registering a name, 

and admitting to membership. 
MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. [It. matrimoniale.] 1. Pertaining to 

marriage. 2. Derived from marriage. — Syn. Connubial ; 

conjugal ^ sponsal; nuptial; hymeneal. 
MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. According to the manner or 

laws of marriage. — Ayliffe. 
MAT-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Matrimonial.— Milt on. [Rare.] 
MATRI -MO-NY, n. [L. matrimonium.] Marriage ; wedlock , 

the union of man and woman for life ; the nuptial state. 
Ma'TRIX. See Matrice. 

* MATRON, n. [Fr. matrone ; L. matrona.] An elderly mar- 

ried woman, or an elderly lady— Johnson. 

* MAT'RON-LiKE, a. Having the manners of an elderly 

woman ; grave ; sedate ; becoming a matron. 
MATRON-AGE, n. The state of a matron.— Burke. 

* MAT'RON-AL, a. [L. matronalis.] Pertaining to a mat 

ron ; suitable to an elderly lady or to a married woman , 

grave ; motherly. 
MATRON-HOOD, n. State of a matron. 
MAT'RON-lZE, v. t. To render matron-like. 
MATnON-lZED, pp. Rendered matron-like. 
MATRON-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering matron-like. 

* MAT'RON-LY, a. Elderly : advanced in years. 
MA-TROSS', n. [D. matroos] Matrosses are soldiers in a 

train of artillery, who are next to the gunners, and assist 
them in loading, firing, and sponging the guns. 

MATTA-MORE, n. In the East, a subterranean repository 
for wheat. 

MATTE, n. 1. Crude black copper reduced, but not re- 
fined from sulphur, &c. — Tire. 2. A small plant used in 
South America as a substitute for tea ; Paraguay tea.- 
S. E. Morse. 

MATTED, pp. or a. Laid with mats ; entangled. 

MATTER, n. [L., Sp., It. materia; Fr. matiere.] 1. Sub 
stance excreted from living animal bodies ; that which is 
thrown out or discharged in a tumor, boil, or abscess ; pus. 
2. Body ; substance extended ; that which is visible or 
tangible ; as earth, wood, stone. — 3. In a more general and 
philosophic sense, the substance of which all bodies are 
constituted. It is considered as solid, liquid, or aeriform. 

4. Subject ; thing treated ; that about which we write or 
speak ; that which employs thought or excites emotion. 

5. The very thing supposed or intended. — Tillotson. 6. 
Affair ; business ; event ; thing ; course of things. 7. 
Cause of any event, as of any disturbance, of a disease, or 
of a difficulty. 8. Subject of complaint ; suit ; demand. 
9. Import ; consequence ; importance ; moment. 10. Space 
of time ; a portion of distance. — L' Estrange. 

MATTER, v. i. 1. To be of importance ; to import : used 

with it, this, that, or what. 2. To maturate ; to form pus ; 

to collect, as matter in an abscess ; [little used.] 
t MATTER, v. t. To regard. 
MAT'TER-OF-FA€T'-MAN, n. A term of modern times 

for a grave and precise narrator, remarker, or inquirer ; 

one who sticks to the matter of any fact. 
MATTERED, pp. 1. Regarded ; imported. 2. Maturated , 

collected, as perfect pus in an abscess. 
MATTER-LESS, a. Void of matter.— Ben Jonson. 
MATTER- Y, a. 1. Purulent ; generating pus.— Harvey. 2. 

Important. — Ben Jonson ; [obs.] 
MATTING, ppr. Covering with mats ; entangling. 
MATTING, n. 1. A texture composed of rushes, flags, grass, 

straw, &c, used in packing various articles, and also for 

covering the floors of houses. 2. Materials for mats. 
MATTOCK, n. [Sax. mattuc] A kind of pick-ax, having the 

iron ends sharpened instead of pointed. — Smart. 
MATTRESS, n. [W. matrass.] A quilted bed ; a bed stuffed 

with hair, moss, or other soft material, and quilted. 
MATU-RANT, n. [L. maturo.] In pharmacy, a medicine or 

application to an inflamed part, which promotes suppu- 
ration. 
MAT'U-RITE, v. t. [L. maturo.] To promote perfect sup 

puration. 
MATU-RITE, v. i. To suppurate perfectly. 
MAT'U-RI-TED, pp. Perfectly suppurated. 
MATU-RX-TING, ppr. Suppurating perfectly, as an abscess. 
MAT-U-Ra'TION, n. 1. The process of ripening or coming 

to maturity ; ripeness. 2. The process of suppurating 

perfectly; suppuration. 
* MATTJ-RA-TIVE, a. 1. Ripening ; conducing to ripeness 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GEB. Vi"CIOUS— C as K 



S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. * Obsolete 



MAX 



328 



MEA 



2. Conducing to perfect suppuration, or the formation of 
matter in an abscess. 

MA-TuRE', a. [L. maturus.] 1. Perfected by time or natu- 
ral growth. 2. Brought to perfection. 3. Brought to a 
state of maturity, as a scheme. 4. Come to suppuration, 
as an abscess. — Syn. Ripe ; perfect ; completed ; pre- 
pared ; digested ; ready. 

MA-TuRE', v. t. [L. maturo.] 1. To ripen ; to hasten to a 
perfect state ; to promote ripeness. 2. To advance to- 
ward perfection. 

MA-TORE', v. i. To advance toward ripeness ; to become 
ripe or perfect. 

MA-TtJR-ED' (ma-turd'), pp. or a. Ripened ; advanced to 
perfection ; prepared. 

MA-TORE'LY, adv. 1. With ripeness ; completely. 2. With 
full deliberation. 3. Early ; soon ; [a Latinism, little used.] 

MAT-U-RES'CENT, a. Approaching to maturity. 

MA-TuRTNG, ppr. Ripening ; being in or coming to a 
complete state. 

iMA-Tu'Rl-TY, ~)n. 1. Ripeness ; a state of perfection or 

MA-TyRE'NESS, $ completeness. — 2. In commerce, the ma- 
turity of a note or bill of exchange is the time when it 
becomes due. 

MATU-Tl-NAL, \ a. [ L. matutinus. ] Pertaining to the 

MAT'U-TINE, j morning.— Herbert. 

MATWEED, n. A plant of the genus lygeum. 

MAUD'LIN, a. [corrupted from Magdalen.] Drunk ; fud- 
dled ; approaching to intoxication ; stupid. 

MAUD'LIN, n. A plant of the genus achillea. 

MAU'GER, \adv. [Fr. malgre.] In spite of; in opposition 

RlAU'GRE, ) to ; notwithstanding ; [used only in burlesque.] 

MAU'KIN. See Malkin. 

MAUL, n. [L. malleus.] A heavy wooden hammer ; writ- 
ten, also, mall. See Mall. 

MAUL, v. t. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or cudg- 
el ; to wound in a coarse manner. 

MAUL.ED, pp. Bruised with a heavy stick or cudgel. 

MAUL'ING, ppr. Beating with a cudgel. 

MAUL'STICK, n. [Germ, mahlen.] The stick by which 
painters of pictures keep their hand steady in working. 

f MaUN cH (mansh), n. [Fr. manche.] A loose sleeve. Her- 
bert. — In heraldry, a sleeve. 

* MaUND or MAUND, n. [Sax. and Dan. mand.] 1. A hand- 
basket ; [a word used in Scotland.] 2. A Bengal weight of 
100 pounds troy, or 82 pounds avoirdupois. — Malcom. 

*f MaUND or MAUND, \ v. t. and i. To mutter ; to 

*t MaUND'ER or MAUND'ER, 3 murmur ; to grumble ; to 
beg. 

*t MaUND'ER or MAUND'ER, n, A beggar. 

*t MAUND'ER-ER o'r MAUND'ER-ER, n. A grumbler. 

*t MaUND'ER-ING or MAUND'ER-ING, n. Complaint. 

MAUN'DRIL, n. In coal mines, a pick with two shanks. 

MAUN'DY-THURS'DAY, n. [supposed to be from Sax. 
mand, a basket, because on that day princes used to give 
alms to the poor from their baskets ; or from dies mandati, 
the day of command, on which day our Savior gave his 
great mandate, that we should love one another. — Lye. — 
Johnson.] The Thursday in passion-week, or next before 
Good Friday. 

MAU-SO-Le'AN, a. Pertaining to a mausoleum ; monu- 
mental. — Burton. 

MAU-SO-Le'UM, n. [L. ; Fr. mausolee ; from Mausolus, king 
of Caria.] A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral mon- 
ument. 

t MAU'THER, n. A foolish young girl. — Ben Jonson. 

MAU-VMSE' HONTE' (mo'vaz cnf). [Fr.] Bashfulness ; 
false modesty. 

Ma'VIS, n. [Fr. mavvis.] The throstle or song thrush. 

MAW, 7i, [Sax. mag a.] 1. The stomach of brutes : applied 
to the stomach of human beings in contempt only. 2. 
The craw of fowls. 

\ MAWK, n. A maagot ; a slattern. 

MAWK'ING-LY, adv. Slatternly ; sluttishly. 

MAWKISH, a. Apt to cause satiety or loathing. 

MAWK'ISH-LY. adv. In a mawkish way. 

MAWK'ISH-NESS, n. Aptness to cause loathing. 

MAWKS, n. A great, awkward, ill-dressed girl. — Smart. 
{Vulgar.] 

MAWK'Y, a. Maggoty.— Grose. [Local] 

r MAWMET, n. [from Mahomet.] A puppet ; anciently, an 
idol.— Wickliffe. 

\ MAW'MET-RY, n. The religion of Mohammed ; also, idol- 
atry.— Chaucer. 

MAW'MISH, a. [from maw or mawmet.] Foolish ; silly ; 
idle ; nauseous.— L' Estrange. 

MAWW6RM, n. A worm that infests the stomach. 

MAX'IL-LAR, ) a. [ L. maxillaris.] Pertaining to the 

MAX'IL-LA-RY, J jaw. 

MAX-IL'LI-FORM, a. In the form of a cheek-bone. 

MAX-IL'LI-PED, n. [L. maxilla'and pes.] Jaw-foot ; a term 
applied to the short, foot-like appendages that cover the 
mouth of a crab, lobster, or allied animal. 

MAXIM, n. [Fr. maxime.] 1. An established principle or 



proposition ; a principle generally received or admitted as 
true. — 2. In music, the longest note formerly used, equal 
to two longs, or four breves ; a large. — Syn. Axiom ; aph 
orism ; apothegm ; adage ; proverb ; saying. 

MAX'IM-M6N"GER, n. One who deals much in maxims. 

MAX'IM-UM, n. [L.j In mathematics, the greatest numbei 
or quantity attainable in any given case. 

MAY, n. [L. Mains ; Fr. Mai.] 1. The fifth month of the 
year. 2. [Goth, mavri. See Maid.] A young woman ; 
[obs.] 3. The early part of life. — Shah. 

MaY, v. i. To gather flowers in May-morning. 

MIY, verb aux. ; pret. might. [Sax. magan.] 1. To be pos- 
sible. 2. To have physical power ; to be able. 3. To 
have moral power ; to be permitted. 4. It is used in 
prayer and petitions to express desire. — May be, it may be, 
may hap, are expressions equivalent to perhaps, by chance, 
peradventure, that is, it is possible to be. 

MIY'-AP-PLE (ma'-ap-pl), n. The fruit of an American 
plant, podophyllum peltatum. 

MaY'-BLOOM, n. The hawthorn. 

MaY'-BUG, n. A chafer ; a buzzing insect. — Ainsworth 

MaY'-BUSH, n. A plant of the genus cratagus. 

MaY'-DaY, n. The first day of May. 

Ma Y'-DEW (ma'-du), n, The dew of May. 

Ma Y'-DuKE, n. A variety of the common cherry. 

MaY'-FLOW-ER, 7i. A plant ; a flower that appears In 
May. 

MaY'-FLy, 7i. An insect or fly that appears in May. 

MaY'-GaME, 71. Sport or diversion on the first of May. 

MaY'-La-DY, 7i. The queen or lady of May in May-game9 

MaY'-LIL-Y, n. The lily of the valley. 

MaY'-MORN, 71. Freshness ; vigor. — Shdk. 

MaY'-PoLE, n. A pole to dance round in May ; a long pole 
erected. 

MaY'-QUEEN, n. A young female crowned with flowers af 
the celebration of May-day. 

MaY'-WEED, n. A low herb growing by road-sides, &c. 

MaY'HEM, n. In law, the maiming a person by deprivinj 
him of the use of any of his members which are necessarj 
to his defense or protection. — Bouvier. 

MaY'ING, n. The gathering of flowers on May-day. 
MaY'OR, 7t. [Fr. maire; Nona, maeur.] The chief magis 
trate of a city. 

MaY'OR-AL-TY, n. The office of a mayor.— Bacon. 

MaY'GR-ESS, ti. The wife of a mayor. 

M A.ZA.-GAN, ?i. A variety of the common bean. 

MAZ'ARD, ti. [Fr. machoire.] 1. The jaw ; [obs.] 2. A blaci 
cherry. 

t MAZ'ARD, v. t. To knock on the head. — Ben Jonson. 

MAZ-A-RifNE' (maz-a-reen'), n. 1. A deep-blue color. 2. A 
particular way of dressing fowls. 3. A little dish set in a 
larger one. 

MaZE, ti. [Sax. mase.] 1. A winding and turning; per- 
plexed state of things ; intricacy ; a state that embarrasses. 
2. Confusion of thought ; perplexity ; uncertainty. 3 V A 
labyrinth. 

MaZE, v. t. To bewilder ; to confound with intricacy ; to 
amaze. — Spenser. 

t MaZE, v. i. To be bewildered.— Chaucer. 

t MaZ'ED-NESS, 7i. Confusion ; astonishment 

f MaZ'ER, 7i. A maple cup.— Spenser. — Dryden. 

Ma'ZI-LY, adv. With perplexity. 

Ma'ZI-NESS, n. Perplexity. 

MAZ-0-LOg'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to mazology. 

MA-ZOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in mazology. 

MA-ZOL'0-6Y, ti. [Gr. fxa^os and Aoyos.] That branch o/ 
zoology which treats of mammiferous animals. 

Ma'ZY, a. Winding ; perplexed with turns and windings , 
intricate. — Milton. 

M. D. Medicince doctor, doctor of medicine. 

ME, pron. pers. ; the objective case of I, answering to the 
oblique cases of ego, in Latin. [Sax. me ; Goth, mik ; G. 
mich ; Fr. moi; L. mihi; Sp. mi; It. mi or me; Arm. me.] 

f MeA'COCK, n. [qu. meek and cock.] An uxorious, effemi- 
nate man. 

t MeA'COCK, a. Tame; timorous; cowardly.— Shak. 

MeAD, ti. [Sax. medo, medu ; D. meede ; G. meth.] A fer- 
mented liquor consisting of honey and water, sometimes 
enriched with spices. — Encyc. 

Me AD (meed), In. [Sax., made, mtzdewe.] i. Grassland; 

MeAD'oW (jned'o), 5 land appropriated to the production 
of hay.— 2. In America, the word is also applied to the low 
ground on the banks of rivers, whether grass land, pas 
ture, tillage, or wood land. 

MeAD'oW-LaRK, n. A well-known beautiful bird, often 
seen in meadows and open fields in the United States.- Its 
note is clear but melancholy.— Encyc. Am. 

Me AD'oW-oRE, n. In mineralogy, conchoidal bog iron ore. 

MeAD'oW-RuE. 7i. A plant of the genus thaliclrum. 

MeAD'oW-SAF'FRON, n. A bulbous medicinal plant, col 
chicum autumnale. 

Me AD'oW-SAX'I-FRA6E, n. An umbelli ferous herb of the 
genus sesele. 



S<* Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long. — I, E, i, &c. 



-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;— MARINE. BIRD :-MoVE, BOOK. 



MEA 



629 



MEA 



MEAD'oW-SWEET, n. A plant of the genus spiraa. 

MeAD'oW-W6RT, n. A plant.— Drayton. 

MeAD'oW-Y, a. Containing meadow. — J. Barlow. 

MeA'GER, }a. [Fr. maigre; Sp., It. magro; L. macer.) 1. 

MeA'GRE, 5 Destitute of flesh, or having little flesh. 2. 
Destitute of richness, fertility, or any thing valuable, as 
soil. 3. Wanting strength of diction, or richness of ideas 
or imagery, as a description. — Syn. Thin ; lean ; lank ; 
gaunt ; starved ; hungry ; poor ; emaciated ; scanty ; bar- 
ren. 

| jj| A'GRE \ v - *■ To make leaa -— KnoUes - 

MISA'GER-LY, adv. Poorly; thinly. 

MeA'GER-NESS, n. 1. Leanness ; want of flesh. 2. Poor- 
ness ; barrenness ; want of fertility or richness. 3. Scan- 
tiness ; barrenness. 

MeAK (meek), n. A hook with a long handle. — Tusser. 

MeAL (meel), n. [Sax. mal; D. maal; G. mahl] 1. A por- 
tion of food taken at one time ; a repast 2. A part ; a 
fragment : in the word piecemeal. 

Me AL, n. [Sax. mealewe, melewe ; G. mehl ; Sw. mihl ; Dan., 
D. meel.] 1. The substance of edible grain ground to fine 
particles, and not bolted or sifted. The term is common- 
ly applied, in the United States, to ground Indian corn 
(whether bolted or not), which is denominated corn meal, 
or Indian meal. 2. Flour ; the finer part of pulverized 
grain. 

MeAL, v. t. To sprinkle with meal or to mix meal with. 
[Little used.] 

M£AL'-MAN, n. A man who deals in meal. 

MeAL'-TIME, n. The usual time of eating meals. 

MIAL'I-NESS, n. The quality of being mealy ; softness or 
smoothness to the touch. 

MEALT (mel'e), a. 1. Having the qualities of meal ; soft ; 
smooth to the feel. 2. Like meal ; farinaceous ; soft, dry, 
and friable. 3. Overspread with something that resem- 
bles meal. 

MeAL'Y-MOUTHED, a. Literally, having a soft mouth ; 
hence, unwilling to tell the truth in plain language ; in- 
clined to speak of any thing in softer terms than the truth 
will warrant 

MeAL'Y-MOUTH'ED-NESS, n. Inclination to express.the 
truth in soft words, or to disguise the plain fact ; reluct- 
ance to tell the plain truth. 

MEAN (meen), a. [Sax. mane, gemcene.] 1. Wanting digni- 
ty ; low in rank or birth. 2. Wanting dignity of mind ; 
low-minded ; destitute of honor. 3. Worthy of disregard 
or contempt; as, "no mean foes." — Phillips. 4. Of little 
value ; low in worth or estimation ; worthy of little or no 
regard. 5. Of little value ; not costly or elegant as a 
dwelling. — Syn. Ignoble ; humble ; poor ; abject ; beggar- 
ly; wretched; base; degraded; degenerate; vulgar; vile; 
servile ; menial ; spiritless ; groveling ; slavish ; dishonor- 
able ; disgraceful ; shameful ; despicable ; contemptible ; 
paltry ; sordid ; penurious ; niggardly. 

MEAN, a. [Fr. moyen ; Sp., Port, mediano ; L. medium.] 1. 
Middle ; at an equal distance from the extremes. 2. In- 
tervening ; intermediate ; coming between. — 3. In mathe- 
matics, a term denoting a quality having an intermediate 
value between several others which are formed according 
to any assigned law of succession. — Brande. 

MEAN, n. 1. The middle point or place ; the middle rate 
or degree ; mediocrity ; medium. 2. Intervening time ; 
interval of time ; interim ; meantime. Spenser. — 3. In 
mathematics, a quantity having an intermediate value be- 
tween several others which are formed according to any 
assigned law of succession. 4. Measure ; regulation ; [obs.] 
5. Instrument ; that which is used to effect an object ; the 
medium through which something is done. In this sense, 
means, in the plural, is generally used, and often with a 
definitive and verb in the singular. 6. Means, in the plural, 
income, revenue, resources, substance, or estate, consid- 
ered as the instrument of effecting any purpose ; also, in- 
strument of action or performance ; as, the great means of 
success. — By all means, certainly; without fail. — By no 
means, not at all ; certainly not ; not in any degree. — By 
no manner of means, by no means ; not in the least Burke. 
— By any means, in any way ; possibly ; at all.— Meantime, 
or meanwhile, in the intervening time ; [in this use of these 
words, there is an omission of in or in the ; in the mean 
time.] 

MEAN, v. t. ; pret. and pp. meant (pronounced ment). [Sax. 
mcenan, menan.] 1. To have in the mind, view, or con- 
templation. 2. To have in the mind, with reference to a 
future act ; as, he meant it for good. 3. To have for its 
meaning ; to signify ; as, what means this ? — Syn. To in- 
tend ; purpose ; design ; contemplate ; indicate ; denote ; 
imply; import; express. 

MEAN, v. i. To have thought or ideas ; or to have meaning. 

MeAN'-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having a mean spirit. 

ME-AN'DER, n. [the name of a winding river in Phrygia.] 

1. A winding course • a winding or turning in a passage. 

2. A maze ; a labyrinth ; perplexity. 



ME-AN'DER v. t. To wind, turn, or flow round ; to mafce 
flexuous. — Drayton. 

ME-AN'DER v. i. To wind or turn in a course 
to be intricate. —Shenstone. 

ME-AN'DER-ING, ppr or a. Winding in a course, passage, 
or current 

ME-AN'DER-ING, n. A winding course. 

ME-AN'DRI-AN, a. Winding; having many turns. 

ME-AN-DRl'NA, n. A genus of corals with meandering 
cells, as the brain-stone coral.— Mantell. 

tME-AN'DRY, > w . ,. - „ . _. 

t ME-AN'DROUS, $ a ' Wmdm g 5 flexuous.— Dean King. 

MeAN'ING, ppr. 1. Having in mind ; intending ; signify- 
ing. 2. Significant ; as, a meaning look. 

MEANING, n. I. That which exists in the mind, view, or 
contemplation as a settled aim or purpose, though not di- 
rectly expressed. 2. Intention ; purpose ; aim : with ref- 
erence to a future act. 3. Signification ; import, as of an 
act. 4. The sense of words or expressions ; that which 
is to be understood ; signification ; that which the writer 
or speaker intends. 5. Sense; power of thinking ; [little 
used.] 

MeAN'ING-LESS, a. Having no meaning. 

MeAN'ING-LY, adv. With meaning; significantly. 

MeAN'LY, adv. 1. Moderately; [not used.] 2. Without 
dignity or rank ; in a low condition. 3. Poorly. 4. With- 
out greatness or elevation of mind ; without honor ; with 
a low mind or narrow views. 5. Without respect ; disre- 
spectfully ; as, to speak meanly of one. 

MEAN'NESS, n. 1. Want of dignity or rank ; low state. 2. 
Want of excellence of any kind ; poorness ; rudeness. 

3. Lowness of mind ; want of dignity and elevation ; 
want of honor. 4. Sordidness ; niggardliness. 5. Want of 
richness ; poorness. 

MEANS, n. pi. 1. Resources or income. 2. Instrument for 
gaining an end ; as, by this means. See Mean. 

MeANT {xnent), pret. and^p. of mean. 

MeAR, n. A boundary or limit. — Spenser. See Mehk. 

MeASE, n. The quantity of 500 ; as, a mease of herrings. 

t Me A'SLE (me'zl), n. A leper.— Wickliffe. 

MEA'SLiJD (me'zld). a. Infected or spotted with measles. 

MeA'SLjES (me'zlz), n., with a plural termination. [D. maze- 
len.] 1. A contagious disease of the human body, usually 
characterized by a crimson rash upon the skin, in irregu- 
lar crescents or circles. 2. A disease of swine. — Ben Jon- 
son. 3. A disease of trees. — Mortimer. 

MeAS'LY (meezly), a. Infected with measles or eruptions 

MEAS'UR-A-BLE (mezh'ur-a-bl), a. 1. That may be meas- 
ured ; susceptible of mensuration or computation. 2 
Moderate ; in small quantity or extent. 

MEAS'UR-A-BLE-NESS (mezh'ur-a-bl-nes), n. The quality 
of admitting mensuration. 

MeAS'UR-A-BLY (mezh'ur-a-bly), adv. Moderately ; in a 
limited degree. 

MEASURE (mezh'ur), n. [Fr. mesure ; It. misura.] 1. The 
whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length, 
breadth, and thickness. 2. That by which extent or di- 
mension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness, 
capacity, or amount. 3. A limited or definite quantity. 

4. Determined extent or length ; limit. 5. A rule by 
which any thing is adjusted or proportioned. 6. Propor 
tion ; quantity settled. 7. Full or sufficient quantity.— 
Shak. 8. Extent of power or office. 9. Portion allotted ; 
extent of ability. — Milton. 10. Degree ; quantity indefi- 
nite. — 11. In music, that division by which the motion of 
music is regulated. — 12. In poetry, the measure or metre is 
the manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or 
the long and short syllables. — 13. In dancing, the interval 
between steps, corresponding to the interval between 
notes in the music. Hence, a dance. Walter Scott. — 14. 
In geometry, any quantity assumed as one or unity, to 
which other homogeneous or similar quantities are re- 
ferred as a standard of comparison. 15. Means to an 
end ; an act step, or proceeding toward the accomplish- 
ment of an object. — 16. In geology, the term measures is 
sometimes used for beds or strata ; as, coal measures, lead 
measures. Brande. — Without measure, without limits ; very 
largely or copiously. — To have hard measure, to be harshly 
treated. 

MeAS'URE, v. i. To have a certain or limited extent. 

MEAS'URE (mezh'ur), v. t. 1. To compute or ascertain 
extent, quantity, dimensions, or capacity by a certain rule 
or standard. 2. To ascertain the degree of any thing. 3. 
To pass through or over. — Dryden. 4. To judge or dis- 
tance, extent, or quantity. 5. To adjust ; to proportion 
6. To allot or distribute by measure. 

MeAS'UR.ED (mezh'urd), pp. 1. Computed or ascertained 
by a rule or standard ; adjusted ; proportioned ; passed 
over. 2. a. Equal ; uniform ; steady ; as, measured tread. 
3. Limited or restricted ; as, in no measured terms. 

MeASURE-LESS (mezh'ur-les), a. Without measure.— 
Syn. Boundless ; limitless ; endless ; unbounded ; unlim- 
ited ; vast ; immense ; infinite ; immeasurable. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t 



MEC 



630 



MED 



MEAS'tTRE-MENT (mezh'ur-ment), n. The act of measur- 
ing ; mensuration. — Burke. 

MEAS'UR-ER (mezh'ur-er), n. One who measures ; one 
whose occupation or duty is to measure commodities in 
market. 

MeAS'IIR-ING (mezh'ur-ing), ppr. 1. Computing or ascer- 
taining length, dimensions, capacity, or amount. 2. a. 
Used in measuring ; as, a measuring' rod. — 3. A measuring- 
cast, a throw or cast that requires to be measured. 

MeAT, n. [Sax. mate, mete.] 1. Food in general ; any thing 
eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast. 2. The 
flesh of animals used as food.— 3. In Scripture, spiritual 
food. — John, vi. 4. Spiritual comfort. — John, iv. 5. Prod- 
ucts of the earth proper for food. — Hab., iii. 6. The more 
abstruse doctrines of the Gospel.— Heb., v. 7. Ceremonial 
ordinances. — Heb., xiii. — To sit at meat, to sit or recline at 
the table. — Scripture. 

MEAT'-OF'FER-ING, n. An offering consisting of meat or 
food, in distinction from a drink-offering. 

\ MeAT'ED, a. Fed ; fattened.— Tusser. 

I-MeATHE, n. [W. mez.) A sweet drink ; mead. — Milton. 

MeAT'Y, a. Fleshy, but not fat. — Grose. [Local.] 

MEAWL (mule). See Mewl. 

MeAZ'LING, ppr. Falling in small drops ; properly, miz- 
zling, or, rather, mistling, from mist. — Arbuthnot. 

ME-€HAN'I€, n. 1 A person whose occupation is to con- 
struct machines, or goods, wares, instruments, furniture, 
and the like. 2. One skilled in a mechanical occupation 
or art. — Syn. Artificer ; artisan ; operative. 

ME-CHANTG, }a. [L. mechanicus; Fr. mechanique.] I. 

ME-CHANTC-AL, > Pertaining to machines, or to the art 
of constructing machines ; pertaining to the art of making 
wares, goods, instruments, furniture, &c. 2. Constructed 
or performed by the rules or laws of mechanics. 3. Skilled 
in the art of making machines ; bred to manual labor. 
4. Pertaining to artisans or mechanics; vulgar. 5. Per- 
taining to the principles of mechanics, in philosophy. 6. 
Acting by physical power. 7. Noting performance with- 
out design or reflection, from the mere force of habit. — 
Mechanical solution of a problem, a solution by any art or 
. contrivance not strictly geometrical, as by means of the 
rule and compasses, and other instruments. 

ME-€HAN'I€-AL PHl-LOS'O-PHY, n. That branch of nat- 
ural philosophy which treats of the laws of the equilibrium 
and motion of bodies. — Olmsted. 

ME CHAND3-AL POWERS, n. pi. Certain instruments 
or simple machines employed to facilitate the raising of 
weights or the overcoming of resistance. They are the 
lever, wheel and axle, pulley, screw, inclined plane, and 
wedge. — Hutton. 

ME-€HAN'I€-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the laws of 
mechanism or good workmanship. 2. By physical force 
or power. 3. By the laws of motion, without intelligence 
or design, or by the force of habit. — Mechanically inclined 
or disposed, having a natural inclination for mechanical 
employments. — Mechanically solved, solved in a way not 
strictly geometrical. See Mechanical. 

ME-CHAN'IC-AL-NESS, n. The state of being mechanical, 
or governed by mechanism. 

ME€H-A-Nl"CIAN (mek-a-nish'an), n. One skilled in me- 
chanics ; a machine-maker. 

ME-€HAN'I€S, n. That science which treats of the laws 
of equilibrium and motion. A mathematical science which 
shows the effects of powers or moving forces, so far as 
they are applied to engines, and demonstrates the laws of 
motion. — Harris. 

ME€H'AN-ISM (mek'an-izm), n. 1. The structure or con- 
struction of a machine, engine, or instrument ; the parts 
composing a machine, &c. 2. Action of a machine, ac- 
cording to the laws of mechanics. 

ME€H'AN-IST, n. The maker of machines, or one skilled 
in mechanics. 

ME€H'AN-lZE, v. t. To form by mechanical skill or con- 
trivance. 

MECH-AN-OG'RA-PHIST, n. An artist who, by mechanical 
means, multiplies copies of any works of art. 

MECH-AN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. nnxwv and ypa<pu>.] The 
art of multiplying copies of a writing or any work of art, 
by the use of a machine. — Elmes. 

MECH'LIN, n. A species of lace, made at Mechlin. 

ME-CHo'A-€AN or ME-€Ho'A-€AN, n. White jalap, from 
Mechoacan, used as a mild cathartic. 

MECON-ATE, n. A salt consisting of meconic acid and a 
base. 

ME-€ON'I€, a. Meconic acid is a peculiar acid contained 
in opium. 

ME-CON'I-NA, In. [Gr. uvkuv, a poppy.] A proximate 

MEC'O-NIN, 5 principle, and, as is supposed, one of the 
active principles of opium. 

MEC'O-NITE, n. A small sandstone ; ammite. 

ME-€o'NI-UM, n. [Gr. MK ^viov.] 1. The juice of the white 
poppy, which has the virtues of opium. 2. The first feces 
of infants. 



MED'AL, n. [Fr. medaille; It. medaglia; Sp. mea~alla.\ A 
piece of metal in the form of a coin, stamped with some 
figure or device, either to preserve the memory of some 
illustrious person or event, or to serve as a reward of 
merit. The coins of the ancients are also called medals. 

MED'AL-ET, n. A small medal, not intended for general 
circulation. — Pinkerton. 

MED'AL-IST, n. 1. A person who is skilled in medals. 2 
One who has gained a medal as the reward of merit.— 
Edin. Rev. 

ME-DAI/LIC, a. Pertaining to a medal or to medals. 

ME-DAL'LION (me-dal'yun), n. [Fr.] 1. A large antique 
medal. 2. The representation of a medallion. — 3. In archi* 
lecture, any circular tablet on which are presented em- 
bossed figures. — Elmes. 

MED'AL-UR-GY, n, [medal and epyov, work.] The art of 
making and striking medals and other coins. 

MEDDLE (med'dl), v. i. [D. middelen.] 1. To have to do ; 
to take part in the concerns of others, or in affairs in 
which one's interposition is not necessary. 2. To have 
to do ; to touch ; to handle : with with or in ; as, to med- 
dle with knives.— To meddle and make, to intrude one's 
self in other persons' business. Holloway. — Syn. To in- 
terpose ; interfere ; intermeddle. 

t MED'DLE, v. t. To mix; to mingle. — Spenser. 

MEDDLED, pp. Mingled ; mixed. 

MEDDLER, n. One who meddles ; an officious person ; a 
busy-body. — Bacon. 

MEDDLE-S6ME, a. Given to meddling ; apt to interpose 
in the affairs of others ; officiously intrusive. 

MEDDLE-S6ME-NESS, n. Officious interposition in the 
affairs of others. — Barrow. 

MEDDLING, ppr. 1. Having to do ; touching ; handling ; 
officiously interposing in other men's concerns. 2. a. Of- 
ficious ; busy in other men's affairs. 

MEDDLING, n. Officious interposition. 

MEDDLING-LY, adv. In a meddlesome manner ; offi- 
ciously. 

ME-DI-^E'VAL, a. Of the Middle Ages. See Medieval. 

MeDI-AL, a. [L. medius.] Mean ; noting a mean or aver- 
age. — Medial alligation is a method of finding the value 
of a mixture consisting of two or more ingredients of dif- 
ferent quantities and values. 

MeDI-ANT, n. In music, an appellation given to the third 
above the key-note. — Busby. 

ME-DI-AS'TINE, n. [Fr. ; L. mediastinum.] The membra 
nous septum of the chest, formed by the duplicature ot 
the pleura, under the sternum, and dividing the cavity into 
two parts. 

MeDI-ATE, a. [Fr. mediat.] 1. Middle ; being between the 
two extremes. 2. Interposed ; intervening ; being be 
tween two objects. 3. Acting by means, or by an inter 
vening cause or instrument. 

MeDI-ATE, v. i. 1. To interpose between parties, as the 
equal friend of each; to act indifferently between con- 
tending parties, with a view to reconciliation ; to intercede. 

2. Tobe between two ; [little used.] 

MeDI-aTE, v. t. 1. To effect by mediation or interposition 
between parties. 2. To limit by something in the mid- 
dle ; [obs.] 

MeDI-a-TED, pp. Interposed between parties. 2. Effected 
by mediation. 

MeDI-ATE-LY, adv. By means or by a secondary cause, 
acting between the first cause and the effect. 

MeDI-a-TING, ppr. Interposing ; effecting by mediation. 

ME-DI-a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. Interposition ; intervention ; 
agency between parties at variance, with a view to recon- 
cile them. 2. Agency interposed ; intervenient power. 

3. Intercession ; entreaty for another.. 
ME-DI-AT-I-Za'TION, n. The annexation of the smaller 

German sovereignties to the larger contiguous states, thus 
making them mediately, though not immediately, depend- 
ent on the empire. The verb to mediatize has sometimes 
been used in a similar sense. — Brande. 

MeDI-a-TOR, n. [Fr. mediateur.] 1. One who interposes 
between parties at variance, for the purpose of reconciling 
them. — 2. By way of tminence, Christ is the mediator. 
" Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking of both na- 
tures, divine and human ; and mediator by office, as trans- 
acting matters between God and man." Waterland. — 
Syn. Intercessor; advocate; propitiator; interceder; ar- 
bitrator; umpire. 

ME-DI-A-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a mediator. [Mediato 
ry is not used.] 

ME-DI-A-T5'RI,AL-LY, adv. By mediation ; like a mediator 

ME-DI-A'TOR-SHIP, n. The office ot a mediator. 

MeDI-A-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to mediation. 

ME-DI-i'TRLX S ' \ n - A fema]e mediator -— Ainswarth. 
MED'IC, n. 1.' A plant of the genus medicago, to which lu 
cern belongs. 2. Plural, the science of medicine; [obs.] 
MED'IC-A-BLE, a. That may be cured or healed. 
MED'I€-AL, a. [L. medicus.] 1. Pertaining to the art of 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;~ MO VE, BQQK, 



MED 



631 



MEG 



dealing diseases. 2. Medicinal ; containing that which 
.♦eals ; tending to cure. 3. Designed to promote the study 
of medicine ; as, a medical college. 

*i£D'I€-AL JU-RIS-PRu'DENCE, n. The science which 
applies the principles and practice of the different branches 
of medicine to doubtful questions in courts of justice. — 
Bouvier. 

MED'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of medicine ; accord- 
ing to the rules of the healing art, or for the purpose of 
healing. 2. In relation to the healing art. 

MED'IC-A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. medicamentum.] Any thing 
used for healing diseases or wounds ; a medicine ; a heal- 
ing application. 

MED-IC-A-MENT'AL, a. Relating to healing applications ; 
having the qualities of medicaments. 

MED-IC-A-MENTAL-LY, adv. After the manner of healing 
applications. 

MED'I€-AS-TER, n. A quack.— Whitlock. 

MED'I€-aTE, v. t. [L. medico.] 1. To tincture or impreg- 
nate with any thing medicinal. 2. To treat with medicine ; 
to heal L 

MEDT6-A-TED, pp. or a. 1. Prepared or furnished with 
any thing medicinal. 2. Treated with medicine. 

MED'IC-I-TING. ppr. 1. Impregnating with medical sub- 
stances ; preparing with any thing medicinal. 2. Treating 
with medicine. 

MED-I€-A'TION, n. 1. The act or process of impregnating 
with medicinal substances ; the infusion of medicinal vir- 
tues. 2. The use of medicine. 

MED'I€-A-Tl VE, a. Curing ; tending to cure. 

ME-DIC'IN-A-BLE, a. Having the properties of medicine ; 
medicinal. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

* ME-DIC'IN-AL, a. [L. medicinalis.] 1. Having the prop- 

erty of Healing or of mitigating disease ; adapted to the 
cure or alleviation of bodily disorders. 2. Pertaining to 
medicine. 
ME-DIC'IN-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of medicine ; 
with medicinal qualities. 2. With a view to healing. 

* MED'I-CiNE, 7i. [L. medicina. Vulgarly and improperly 
pronounced med'sn.] 1. Any substance, liquid or solid, 
that has the property of curing or mitigating disease in 
animals, or that is used for that purpose. 2. The art of 
preventing, curing, or alleviating the diseases of the human 
body. — 3. In the French sense, a physician ; [obs.] 

f MED'I-CiNE, v. t. To affect or operate on as medicine. 

ME-Dl'E-TY, n. [Fr. mediete; L. medietas.] The middle 
state or part ; half; moiety. — Brown. [Little used.] 

ME-DI-E'VAL, a. [L. medius and tzvu&] In history, pertain 
ing to the Middle Ages. 

Me'DIN, \ n. In Egypt, the fortieth part of a piaster ; a 

ME-Dl'NO, 5 ya.ra.— M'Culloch.— P. Cyc. 

MeT)I-o-€RAL, a. [L. mediocris.] Being of a middle qual- 
ity; indifferent; ordinary. — Addison. [Rare] 

ME'DI-0-€RE (me'de-6-ker), a. [Fr., from L. mediocris.] Of 
moderate degree ; middle rate ; middling. 

f Me'DI-o-CRIST, n. A person of middling abilities. 

ME-DI-0€'RI-TY, n. [L. mediocritas.] 1. A middle state or 
degree ; a moderate degree or rate. 2. Moderation ; tem- 
perance. 

MED'I-TaTE, v. i. [L. meditor ; Fr. mediler.] 1. To dwell 
on any thing in thought ; to turn or revolve any subject 
in the mind. 2. To intend; to have in contemplation. 
Washington. — Syn. To muse ; contemplate ; think ; 
study. 

MED'I-TaTE, v. t. 1. To plan by revolving in the mind. 
2. To think on; to revolve in the mind. — Syn. To con- 
trive ; desi<m ; scheme ; intend. 

MED'I-Ta-TED, pp. or a. Planned ; contrived. 

MED'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Revolving in the mind ; contem- 
plating ; contriving. 
MED-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. meditatio.] Close or continued 
thought ; the turning or revolving of a subject in the mind ; 
serious_ contemplation. 
MED'I-Ta-Ti VE, a. 1. Addicted to meditation.— Ainsworth. 

2. Expressing meditation or design. — Johnson. 
MED'I-Ta-TiVE-NESS, n. The state of being meditative. 

\ MED-I-TER-RaNE', ) a. [L. medius and terra.] 1. In- 
MED-I-TER-Ra'NE-AN, \ closed or nearly inclosed with 
MED-I-TER-RX'NE-OUS, } land. 2. Inland ; remote from 

the ocean or sea, as mountains. — Burnet. 
Me'DI-UM, n. ; pi. Media or Mediums. [L.] 1. In philoso- 
phy, the space or substance through which a body moves 
or passes to any point. — 2. In logic, the mean or middle 
term of a syllogism, or the middle term in an argument. — 

3. In mathematics. [See Mean.] 4. The means or instru- 
ment by which any thing is accomplished, conveyed, or 
carried on. 5. The middle place or degree ; the mean. 
6. A kind of printing paper, of middle size. 

MED'LAR, n. [Sax. meed; L. mespilus.] A tree (mcspilus 
Germanica, Linn.), and its fruit, which resembles a small 
apple. Its flavor is not developed, even in its ripe state, 
on the tree ; and hence it is gathered and laid aside until 
it begins to change, when it is eaten. — Enc. of Dom. Econ. 



v. t. To mix. Not used ; but hence, 



t MED'LE, 

fMED'LY, 

MED'LEY, n. A mixture ; a mingled and confused mass 
of ingredients ; a miscellany. — Addison. 

MED'LEY, a. Mingled ; confused.— Dryden. [Little used.] 

ME-DUL'LAR, fa. [L. medullaris.] 1. Pertaining to 

* MED'UL-LA-RY, > marrow ; consisting of marrow ; re- 
sembling marrow. — 2. In botany, pithy ; filled with spongy 
pith. — Lindley. 

ME-DUL'LIN, n. [L. medulla.] The pith of the sunflower 
and hlac, which has neither taste nor smell. 

ME-DU'SA, n. [Gr. MeSvvoa.] 1. In mythology, the chief of the 
Gorgons, having the power o/ turning all who looked on 
her into stone. Her head, when placed on the shield of 
Minerva, retained the same petrifying power. 2. A genua 
of gelatinous radiate animals, called sea-nettles. 

ME-Du'SI-DANS, n. pi. Gelatinous radiate animals, which 
float or swim in the sea. ^ 

MEED, n. [Sax. med.] 1. Re^L-d ; recompense ; that 
which is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit 
2. Merit or desert. — Shalt. ; [obs.] 

MEEK, a. [Sw. miuk ; Dan. myg ; Sp. mego ; Port, mcigo.] 
1. Not easily provoked or irritated ; given to forbearance 
under injuries. — 2. In an evangelical sense, submissive to 
the Divine will ; not proud, self-sufficient, or refractory. — 
Syn. Mild ; gentle ; soft ; yielding ; pacific ; unassuming ; 
humble. 

Having eyes indicating meekness. 



To make meek ; to soften ; to ren- 

humbly ; 
gentle- 



MEEK'-Ef ED (-ide), a. 

— Milton. 
MEEK'EN (mek'n),?;. t. 

der mild. — Thomson. 
MEEK'JEN-ED, pp. Made meek; softened. 
MEEK'LY, adv. Mildly ; gently ; submissively 

not proudly or roughly. — Spenser. 
MEEK'NESS, n. 1. Softness of temper ; mildness : 
ness ; forbearance under injuries and provocations. — 2. In 
an evangelical sense, humility ; resignation ; submission to 
the Divine will, without murmuring or peevishness. 
MEER, a. Simple ; unmixed. [Usually written mere.] 
MEER, n. A lake ; a boundary. See Mere. 
MEER.ED, a. Relating to a boundary. — Shah. See Mere. 
MEERSCHAUM (meer'showm), n. [Ger. sea-foam.] 1. A sil- 
icated magnesian clay ; called, also, Turkish tobacco-pipe 
clay, extensively used in Germany in making the bowls 
of tobacco-pipes. Hence, 2. A tobacco-pipe made of this 
clay. 
MEET, a. [Sax. gemet.] Fit ; suitable ; proper ; qualified ; 
convenient ; expedient ; adapted, as to a use or purpose. 
MEET, n. A meeting of huntsmen for coursing. [Eng.] 
MEET, v. t. ; pret. and pp. met. [Sax. metan, ma-tan, gemetan.] 
1. To come together, approaching in opposite or diSeresi 
directions ; to come face to face. 2. To come together in 
any place. 3. To come together in hostility : to encoun- 
ter. 4. To encounter unexpectedly. 5. To come together 
in extension ; to come hi contact ; to join. 6. To como 
to ; to find ; to light on ; to receive, as a welcome. 
MEET, v. i. 1. To come together, or to approach near or 
into company with. 2. To come together in hostility ; to 
encounter. 3. To assemble ; to congregate ; to begin a 
session ; as, the senate met at noon. 4. To come together 
by being extended ; to come in contact ; to join, as lines. 
— To meet icith. 1. To light on ; to find ; to come to ; often 
with the sense of an unexpected event. 2. To join ; to 
unite in company. 3. To suffer unexpectedly, as misfor- 
tune. 4. To encounter ; to be subjected to, as opposition. 
5. To obviate ; a Latinism ; [obs.] — To meet half way, to 
approach from equal distances and meet ; metaphorically, 
to make mutual and equal concessions, each party re- 
nouncing some pretensions. 
MEET.EN, v. t. To render meet or fit for.— Ash. 
MEET'ER, n. One who meets another ; one who accosts 

another. — Shak. 
MEETING, ppr. Coming together ; encountering ; joining ; 

assembling. 
MEETING, n, 1. A coming together. 2. A gathering or 
collection of people. 3. A conflux, as of rivers ; a joining, as 
of lines. 4. A dissenting place of worship ; [Eng.]— Syn. 
Interview ; conference ; assembly; company ; convention ; 
congregation ; auditory; junction; confluence; union. 
MEETING-HOUSE, n. A place of worship ; a church. 
MEETLY, adv. Fitly ; suitably ; properly. 
MEET'NESS, n. Fitness; suitableness; propriety. 
MEG'A-€OSM, n. [Gr. fjeyas and koohoS.] The great world. 
MEG-A-Le'SIAN GaMES, n. pi. [Gr. ueyaS-] A magnificent 

Roman exhibition in the circus, in honor of Cybele. 
MEG-A-LON'YX, n. [Gr. fieynXn and orv\.] A large quad- 
ruped now extinct, whose bones have been found in Vir- 
ginia, allied to the sloth, 
t MEG-A-LOP'O-LIS, n. [Gr. ntyaXn and nohi.] A chief 

city ; a metropolis. — Herbert. 
MEG-A-LO-SAU'RUS, n. [Gr. fieyaXn and aavpoS-] A gigan 
tic extinct saurian or lizard, whose fossil remains have 
been found in England, &c. ; also written mcgalosaur. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MEL 



632 



MEM 



MEG'A-S€OPE, n. [Gr. fxeyaS and <tkottm.] A modification 
of the solar microscope, for viewing bodies of consider- 
able dimensions. 

MEG-A-THK'RI-UM, n. [Gr. fxtyas and $npa.] A gigantic 
extinct quadruped of South America, allied to the sloth. 

Me'GRIM, n. [Fr. migraine.) A neuralgic pain in the side 
of the head, usually periodical. 

t MeINE (meen), v. t. [Sax. mengan.] To mingle. — Chaucer. 

[MeINE, \n. A retinue or family of servants ; domestics. 

tME'NY, 5 — Shalt. 

f MeIN T(ment), pp. Mingled.— Spenser. 

MEl'O-NlTE, n. A variety of scapolite. — Dana. 

MEl-o'SIS, n. [Gr. ueiums.] Diminution ; a rhetorical fig- 
ure, a species of hyperbole, representing a thing less than 
it is. — Beattie. 

Me'LAM, n. A white, insoluble powder, prepared by fusing 
either sulpho-cyanid of ammonia, or a mixture of sal am- 
moniac and sulpho-cyanid of potassium.— Cooley. 

MEL'AM-PODE, n. [Gr. fxeXannoSiov.] The black helle- 
bore . — Spen ser. 

ME-LAN'A-GOGUE (me-lan'a-gog), n. [Gr. ne\ai, ncUvos, 
and ayw.] A medicine supposed to expel black bile or 
choler. [Old.] 

MEL'AN-€HOL-I€, a. 1. Depressed in spirits ; affected 
with gloom ; dejected ; hypochondriac. 2. Produced by 
melancholy ; expressive of melancholy ; mournful. 3. Un- 
happy ; unfortunate ; causing sorrow. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-I€, n. 1. One affected with a gloomy state 
of mind ; [melancholian, in a like sense, is not used.] 2. A 
gloomy state of mind. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-I-LY, adv. With melancholy.— Keepe. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-I-NESS, n. State of being melancholy; 
disposition to indulge gloominess of mind. 

\ MEL-AN-€Ho'LI-OUS, a. Gloomy.— Gower. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-IST, n. One affected with melancholy. 

MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, v. i. To become gloomy in mind. 

t MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, v. t. To make melancholy.— More. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-Y, n. [Gr. ueXav and ^oAt? ; L. melancholia.] 
A gloomy state of mind, often a gloomy state that is of 
some continuance, or habitual ; depression of spirits, in- 
duced by grief ; dejection of spirits. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-Y, a. 1. Depressed in spirits, as persons. 
2. Habitually dejected, as a temperament. 3. That may 
or does produce great evil and grief, as an accident. — 
Syn. Gloomy ; sad ; dispirited ; low-spirited ; unhappy ; 
hypochondriac ; disconsolate ; heavy ; doleful ; dismal ; 
calamitous; afliictive. 

ME-LA.N6E' (ma-lanzh'), n. [Fr.] A mixture. 

MEL'AN-lTE. n. [Gr. ns\aS.] A black variety of garnet. 

MEL-AN-IT'IG, a. Pertaining to melanite. 

MEL'A-NURE, \ n. A small fish of the Mediterranean ; a 

MEL-A-Nu'RUS, $ species of gilt-head. 

MEL'A-PHyRE, n. A variety of black or pyroxenic por- 
phyry. 

ME-LaS'SES, n. See Molasses. 

ME-LAS'SI€ ACID, n. The product of the simultaneous 
action of heat and alkalies on solutions of grape sugar. 

ME-LEE ' (ma-la'), n. [Fr.] A fight in which the combatants 
are all mingled in a confused mass. 

ME-LIC'ER-OUS, a. [Gr. /xeXiKripis.] Noting an encysted 
tumor,_the contents of which resemble honey. 

MEL'I-LlTE, n. [Gr. ^tAt and \i6os.] A name applied to 
small yellow crystals, found in the lavas of Vesuvius. — 



MEL'I-LOT, n. [Fr.] A plant of the genus trifolium, nearly 
allied to the long-rooted clover. — Farm. Encyc. 

*MeL'IOR-aTE (mel'yor-ate), v. t. [Fr. ameliorer ; It. mig- 
Harare.] To make better ; to improve. 

* MeL'IOR-aTE (mel'yor-ate), v. i. To grow better. 

* MeL'IOR-a-TED (mel'yor-a-ted), pp. or a. Made better ; 

improved. 
*MeL'IOR-a-TING (mel'yor-a-ting), ppr. or a. Improving; 
advancing in good qualities. 

* MeL-IOR-a'TION (mel-yor-a'shun), n. The act or oper- 

ation of making better ; improvement. 

f MEL-IOR'I-TY, n. The state of being better.— Bacon. 

j- MELL, v. i. [Fr. meler.] To mix ; to meddle.— Spenser. 

MELL, n. [L. mel] Honey. [Not English.] 

MEL'LATE, n. [L. mel.] A combination of the mellic or 
mellitic acid with a base. 

MEL'LIG, a. See Mellitic. 

MEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. mel and fero.] Producing honey. 

MEL-LIF-1-Ga'TION, n. [L. mellifico.] "The making or pro- 
duction of honey. 

MEL-LIF'LU-ENCE, n. [L. mel snAfiuo.] A flow of sweet- 
ness, or a sweet, smooth flow. — Watts. 

MEL-LIF'LU-ENT, \a. Flowing with honey, smooth; 

MEL-LIF'LU-OUS, 5 sweetly flowing. 

MlfcuFSouIil; } «*• Wi * smoothness ; flowingly. 
MEL-LIA'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. p t \ and yevoS-] Having the qual- 
ities of honey. 
MEL-Ll'GO, n. [L. mel.] Honey-dew, which see.—Tully. 



MEL'LIT, n. In farriery, a dry scab on the heel of a horse s 
fore foot, cured by a mixture of honey and vinegar. 

MEL'LI-TATE, n. A compound of mellitic acid and a base 
— Graham. 

MEL'LlTE, n: L. mel.] Honey-stone, a mineral occurring 
in octahedral crystals, of a honey -yellow color. — Dana. 

MEL-LITT€, \ a. Terms applied to an acid first discovered 

MEL'LI€, 5 in mellite. 

MEL'LON, n. In chemistry, a yellow powder, composed ot 
carbon and nitrogen. 

MEL'LoW, a. [Sax. melewe; Ger. meld.] 1. Soft with ripe- 
ness ; easily yielding to pressure. 2. Soft to the ear. 3. 
Soft ; well pulverized ; not indurated or compact, as soil. 
4. Soft and smooth to the taste. 5. Soft with liquor ; in- 
toxicated ; merry. 6. Soft or easy to the eye ; as, mel- 
low tints. 

MEL'LoW, v. t. 1. To ripen ; to bring to maturity ; to soft- 
en by ripeness or age. 2. To soften ; to pulverize. 3. To 
mature ; to bring to perfection. 

MEL'LoW, v. i. To become soft ; to be ripened, matured, 
or brought to perfection. 

MEL'L5W-ToN£D, a. Having soft tones. 

MEL'LoW_ED, pp. Ripened ; brought to maturity. 2. Be 
comesoft, as fruit when ripe. 

MEL'LoW-LY, adv. In a mellow manner. 

MEL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. Softness ; the quality of yielding 
easily to pressure ; ripeness, as of fruit. 2. Maturity ; 
softness or smoothness from age, as of wine. 

MEL'LoW- Y, a. Soft ; unctuous.— Drayton. 

MEL-0-€0-ToN', n. [Sp. melocoton.] A quince. But tltf 
name is sometimes given to a large kind of peach. 

* ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Containing melody ; musical ; agree- 

able to the ear by a sweet s accession of sounds. 

* ME-Lo'DI-OUS-LY, adv. In a melodious manner. 

* ME-Lo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being agreeable 

to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds ; musicalness. 

MEL'O-DIST, n. A composer and singer of elegant melo- 
dies, in contradistinction to harmonist. 

MEL'O-DlZE, v. t. To make melodious. 

MEL'0-DlZ.ED, pp. Made melodious. 

MEL'O-DlZ-ING, ppr. Making melodious. 

MEL-0-DB.A-MAT'ie, a. Pertaining to a melodrame. 

MEL-O-DRAM'A-TIST, n. One skilled in melodrames, or 
who prepares them. 

MEL'O-DRIME, n. [Gr. ^Ao?, and drama.] A dramatic 
performance in which songs are intermixed. — Chalmers. 

MEL'O-DY, n. [Gr. j^Aw&a.] 1. An agreeable succession 
of sounds ; a succession of sounds, so regulated and mod' 
ulated as to please the ear. Melody differs from harmony, 
as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation 
of sounds by a single voice, whereas harmony consists in 
the accordance of different voices or sounds. 2. The 
particular air or tune of a musical piece. — Encyc Am. 

MEL'ON, n. [Fr. ; L. melo ; Sp. melon.] The name of cer 
tain well-known plants, and their fruit. 

MEL'ON-THIS'TLE (-thisl), n. A plant of the genus cactue. 

MEL-POM'E-NE, n. [Gr.] The muse who presided over 
tragedy. 

MEL'RoSE, n. [L. mel and rose.] Honey of roses. , 

MELT, v. t. [Sax. meltan ; Gr. /<£A<5w ; D. smelten.] 1. To 
make liquid ; to reduce from a solid to a liquid or flowing 
state by heat. 2. To reduce to first principles.— Burnet. 
3. To overpower with tender emotion. 4. To waste 
away ; to dissipate. — Shak. 5. To dishearten. — Josh., xiv, 
— Syn. To liquefy ; dissolve ; fuse ; thaw ; mollify ; soft- 
en ; subdue. 

MELT, v. i. 1. To become liquid ; to dissolve ; to be 
changed from a fixed or solid to a flowing state. 2. To 
be softened to love, pity, tenderness, or sympathy ; to be- 
come tender, mild, or gentle. — Shak. 3. To be dissolved ; 
to lose substance. 4. To be subdued by affliction ; to sink 
into weakness. 5. To faint ; to be discouraged or dis- 
heartened. 

MELT'ED, pp. or a. Dissolved ; made hquid ; softened , 
discouraged. 

MELT'ER, n. One who melts any thing. — Derham. 

MELTING, ppr. 1. Dissolving ; liquefying ; softening ; dis 
couraging. 2. a. Tending to soften ; softening into ten 

MELTING, n. The act of softening ; the act of rendering 
tender. — South. 

MELTTNG-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to melt or soften. 2 
Like something melting. — Sidney. 

MELTING NESS, n. The power of melting or softening. 

MEL'WEL, n. A kind of codfish.— Ash. 

MEM'BER, n. [Fr. membre ; L. membrum.] 1. A limb of an 
imal bodies. 2. A part of a discourse, or of a period or 
sentence ; a clause ; a part of a verse.— 3. In architecture, 
a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze or cornice . 
sometimes a molding. 4. An individual of a community 
or society. 5. The appetites and passions, considered as 
tempting to sin. — Rom., vii. 

MEM'BERjED, a. Having limbs. 



See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I. &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVF, f Q0« 



MEN 



MEN 



!<CEM'BER-SHIP, re. 1. The state of being a member. 2. 
Community ; society. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

MEM'BRANE, re. [Fr. ; L. membrana.] In anatomy, a thin, 
white, flexible skin, formed by fibres interwoven like net- 
work, and serving to cover some part of the body. The 
term is also extended to a similar texture in vegetables. 

MEM-BRa/NE-OUS, ] a. 1. Belonging to a membrane ; 

MEM'BRA-NOUS, I consisting of membranes.— 2. 

MEM-BRA-Na'CEOU3, j In botany, a membranaceous leaf 

MEM-BRA-NIF'ER-OUS, J has no distinguishable pulp be- 
tween the two surfaces. 

MEM-BRa'NI-FORM, a. Having the form of a membrane 
or of parchment. 

ME-MEN'TO, re. [L.] A hint, suggestion, notice, or memo- 
rial to awaken memory ; that which reminds. 

ME-MEN'TO Mo'RI. [L.] Be mindful of death. 

MEM'NON, n. [Gr. Mefivwv.] The name of a famous statue 
in Egypt, said to have the property of emitting a sound 
like that of a harp at sunrise. 

' MEM'OIR (mem'wor), n. [Fr. memoire.) 1. A species of 
. history written by a person who had some share in the 
transactions related. 2. A history of transactions in which 
some person had a principal share, is called his memoirs, 
though compiled or written by a different hand. 3. The 
history of a society, or the journals and proceedings of a 
society. 4. A written account ; register of facts. 

MEM'OIR-IST, re. A writer of memoirs. — Carlisle. 

MEM-O-RA-BIL'I-A, re. pi. [L.] Things remarkable and 
worthy of remembrance. 

MEM-O-RA-BIL'I-TY, re. The state of being memorable. 

MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. memorabilis.] Worthy to be 
remembered. — Syn. Illustrious ; celebrated ; signal ; dis- 
tinguished ; extraordinary ; remarkable ; famous. 

MEM'O-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy to be remem- 
bered. 

MEM-O-RAN'DUM, re. ; pi. Memorandums or Memoranda 
[L.] A note to help the memory. 

' MEM'O-RaTE, o. t. [L. memoro.} To make mention of a 
thing. 

MEM'O-RA-TiVE, a. Adapted or tending to preserve the 
memory of any thing. — Hammond. 

ME-MO'RI-A TE£H'NI-£A. [L.] Literally, technical mem- 
ory ; any contrivance for aiding the memory. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. memorialist 1. Preservative of 
memory. 2. Contained in memory. — Watts. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, re. 1. That which preserves the memory of 
something ; any thing that serves to keep in memory. 2. 
Any note or hint to assist the memory. 3. A written rep- 
resentation of facts, made to a legislative or other body as 
the ground of a petition, or a representation of facts ac- 
companied with a petition. — 4. In diplomacy, a species of 
informal state paper much used in negotiation. Brande. 
— Syn. Monument ; memento ; remembrancer. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-IST, n. 1. One who writes a memorial. 2. 
One who presents a memorial to a legislative or any other 
body, or to aperson ; [ United States.] 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-lZE, v. t. To present a memorial ; to petition 
by memorial^ [United States.] 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-lZED, pp. Petitioned by memorial. 

J- MEM'O-RIST, n. One who causes to be remembered. 

ME-MORL-TER. [L.] By memory. 

MEM'O-RlZE, v. t. 1. To record ; to hand down to memory 
by writing. 2. To cause to be remembered. 

MEM'O-RlZiD, pp. Recorded ; handed down to memory. 

MEM'O-RY, n. [L.memoria; Fr. memoire.] 1. The faculty 
of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of past 
events, or ideas which are past A distinction is made be- 
tween memory and recollection. Memory retains past ideas 
without any, or with little effort ; recollection implies an 
effort to recall ideas that are past. 2. A retaining of past 
ideas in the mind ; remembrance. 3. Exemption from 
oblivion. 4. The time within which past events can be 
remembered or recollected, or the time within which a 
person may have knowledge of what is past. 5. Memori- 
al ; monumental record ; that which calls to remembrance. 
6. Reflection ; attention.— Shak. 
f MEM'O-RY, v. t. To lay up in the mind or memory. 

MEM'PHI-AN, a. [from Memphis, once the chief city of 
Egypt] Pertaining to Memphis; very dark, in allusion 
to the preternatural darkness in the time of Moses. 
MEN, n. ; pi. of man. 1. Two or more males, individuals of 
the human race. 2. Males of a brave spirit. 3. Persons ; 
people ; mankind ; [in an indefinite sense.] 
MEN'-PLeAS-ER re. One who is solicitous to please men, 

rather than to please God. 
MEN'ACE, v. t. [Fr. menacer.] 1. To threaten ; to express 
or show a disposition or determination to inflict punish- 
ment or other evil. 2. To show or manifest the probabil- 
ity of future evil or danger to. 3. To exhibit the appear- 
ance of any catastrophe to come. 
MEN'ACE, re. 1. A threat or threatening; the declaration 
or show of a disposition or determination to inflict an evil. 
2. The show of a probable evil or catastrophe to come. 



MEN'ACE D (men'aste), pp. Threatened. 
MEN'A-CER, n L One who threatens. 
ME-NACH'AN-lTE, re. A variety of titanic iron ; original!} 

from Menachan, in Cornwall, England. 
MEN-A-CHAN-ITTC, a. Pertaining to menachar.ite. 
MEN'A-CING, ppr. 1. Threatening ; declaring a determina 

tion to inflict evil. 2. a. Exhibiting the danger or proba 

bility of an evil to come. 
MEN'A-CING-LY, adv. In a threatening manner. 
MEN-A&E' (men-azhO, re. [Fr.] A collection of brute ani 

mals. 
* MEN-AG/E-RIE (men-azh'e-ry), ) re. [Fr. menagerie.] A 
MEN'A-GER-Y (men'a-ger-ry), ) y<ird or place in which 

wild animals are kept or a collection of wild animals. 
MEN'A-GOGUE (men'a-gog), re. [Gr. ^ves and ayu>.] A 

medicine that promotes the menstrual flux. 
MEND, v. t. [L. emcndo; Fr. amender.] 1. To repair, as a 

breach ; to supply a part broken or defective in any thing. 

2. To set right ; to alter for the better. 3. To repair ; to 

restore to a sound state. 4. To advance ; to make better. 

5. To hasten, accelerate, or quicken ; as, to mend one's 

pace. — Syn. To improve ; help ; better ; emend ; amend ; 

correct ; rectify ; reform. 
MEND, v. i. To grow better ; to advance to a better state ; 

to improve. 
MEND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mended. 
MEN-Da'CIOUS (-da'shus), a. [L. mendax.] Lying ; false, 
MEN-DA CI-TY, n. Habitual falsehood.— Syn. Lying; de 

ceit; untruth. 
MEND'ED, pp. or a. Repaired ; made better ; improved. 
MEND'ER, re. One who mends or repairs. 
MEND'I-CAN-CY, a. [L. mendicans.] Beggary; a state of 

begging. 
MEND'I-CANT, a. [L. mendicans.] 1. Begging; poor to a 

state of beggary. 2. Practicing beggary. 
MEND1-CANT, re. A beggar ; one who makes it his busi- 
ness to beg alms ; one of the begging fraternity of the Ro 

man Catholic Church. 
t MEND'I-€aTE, v. t. To beg or practice besrging. 
MEN-DIC'I-TY (-dis'e-te), re. [L. mendicitas.] The state of 

begging ; the fife of a beggar. 
MENDING, ppr. or a. 1. Repairing. 2. Improving in health 

after sickness ; convalescing. 
MENDING, re. The act of repairing ; [applied especially to 

garments.] 
t MEND'MENT, for amendment. 
t MEND_S, for amends.— S/iak. 
MEN-Ha'DEN, re. A salt-water fish, allied to the alewife, and 

much used for manure, &c. 
Me'NI-AL, a. [Norm, meignal, meynal.] 1. Pertaining to 

servants, or domestic servants ; low ; mean. — Swift. 2. 

Belonging to the retinue or train of servants. 
Me'NI-AL, re. 1. A domestic servant of the lowest order. 

Hence, 2. Figuratively, a person of a servile character or 

disposition. 
MEN'I-LlTE, re. A brown impure opal, found at Menil 

Montant near Paris. 
ME-NIN'GES, re. pi. [Gr. /^i/tyyo?.] The two membranes 

that envelop the brain ; the pia mater and dura mater. 
ME-NIS'€AL, a. Pertaining to a meniscus. 
ME-NIS'€US, re. ; pi. Meniscuses. [Gr. fintnaKoS.] A lens 

convex on one side and concave on the other, having the 

concavity less than the convexity. 
MEN-I-SPERM'ATE, re. A compound of menispermic acid 

and a salifiable base. 
MEN-I-SPERM'I€, a. The menispermic acid is obtained 

from the seeds of the cocculus Indicus, the menispermum 

cocculus of Linngeus, now called anamirla pauicula'a. 
MEN-I-SPER'MI-NA, \ re. [L. menispermum, from Gr. n?jvn, 
MEN-I-SPER'MiNE, j the moon, and a-ep^a. a seed.] A 

tasteless, white, opaque, crystalline alkaloid obtained from 

anamirta paniculata, once called menispermum. 
MEN'I-VER, n. A small white animal in Russia, or its fur 

which is verv fine. — Chaucer. See Minever. 
MEN'NON-lTES, \n.pl. A small denomination of Christ 
MEN'NON-ISTS, } ians who reject infant baptism, but do 

not insist strenuously on immersion ; so called from Si- 
mon Menno, their founder, in Germany.— Bainl. 
ME-NOL'O-GY, In. [Gr. /j.nv, unvos, and Aoj '<>$.] 1. A 
MEN-O-Lo'Gl-UM, 5 register of months.— 2. In the Greek 
Church, martyrology, or a brief calendar of the fives of the 
saints. 
MEN'oW, re. [Fr. menu.] A email fish, the minnow. 
MEN'SA ET TO'RO. [L.] A phrase applied to a kind 
of divorce which separates husband and wife without dis- 
solving the marriage relation. — Bouvier. 
MEN'SAL, a. [L. mensalis.] Belonging to the table ; trans- 

actedat table.— Clarissa. [Little used.] 
MEN'SeS, n.pl. [L. months.] The catamenia or monthly 

discharges. 
MEN'STRU-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. mmstrualis.] 1. Monthly ; hap- 
pening once a month. 2. Lasting a month. — Bentlcy. 3. 
Pertaining to a menstruum. — Bacon. 



P-WE — BULL, tTNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



MER 



634 



MER 



MEN'STRU-ANT, a. Subject to monthly Sowings. 

MEN'STRU-OUS, a. [L. menstruus.] 1. Having the month- 
ly flow or discharge, as a female. 2. Pertaining to the 
monthly flow of females. 

MEN'STRU-UM, n. ; pi. Menstkxjums or Menstrua, [from 
L. mens is.] A solvent ; any fluid or subtilized substance 
which dissolves a solid body. 

* MEN-SU-RA-BiL'I-TY, n. Capability of being measured. 

* MEN'SU-RA-BLE (men'shu-ra-bl), a. [L. mensura.] Meas- 
urable ; capable of being measured. — Holder. 

* MEN'SU-RAL, a. Pertaining to measure. 

* MEN'SU-RaTE, v. t. [L. mensura.] To measure. [Rare.] 

* MEN-SU-Ra'TION (men-shu-ra'shun), n. 1. The act, pro- 

cess, or art of measuring or taking the dimensions of any 
thing. 2. Measure ; the result of measuring. 

MENTAL, a. [It. mentale ; Fr. mental.] Pertaining to the 
mind ; intellectual. — Addison. 

MEN'TAL-LY, adv. Intellectually ; in the mind ; in thought 
or meditation ; in idea. — Bentley. 

MENTION, n. [Fr. ; L. mentio.] A hint ; a suggestion ; a 
brief notice or remark expressed in words or writing. 

MENTION, v.t. [Fr. mentionner.] To speak ; to name ; to 
utter a brief remark ; to state a particular fact, or to ex- 
press it in writing. It is applied to something thrown in 
or added incidentally in a discourse or writing, and thus 
differs from the sense of relate, recite, and narrate. 

MENTION-A-BLE, a. That can or may be mentioned. 

MENTIONS J), pp. Named; stated. 

MENTION-ING, ppr. Naming; uttering. 

MENTOR, n. [from Mentor, the counselor of Telemachus.] 
A wise and faithful counselor or monitor. — Encyc. Am. 

MEN-To'RI-AL, a. [Mentor.] Containing advice. 

ME-PHIT'IC, la. [L. mephitis.] Offensive to the smell ; 

ME-PHIT'IC-AL, 5 foul ; poisonous ; noxious ; pestilential ; 
destructive to life. — Mephitic acid is usually carbonic acid. 

ME-PHl'TIS, > n. [L. mephitis.] Foul, offensive, or nox- 

MEPHTf -ISM, j ious exhalations from dissolving substan- 
ces, filth, or other source ; usually containing carbonic acid 
gas. 

f ME-Ra'CIOUS, a. [L. meracus.] Strong ; racy. 

t MER'CA-BLE, a. [L. mercor.] To be sold or bought. 

t MER-CAN-TANTE, n. [It. mercatante.] A foreign trader. 
— Shak. 

* MERCANTILE, a. [It. and Fr. ; L. mercans.] 1. Trading ; 

commercial; carrying on commerce. 2. Pertaining or re- 
lating to commerce or trade. 

MER-CAPTAN, n. [mercury, and L. capto.] A liquid of a 
strong garlic odor, composed of sulphur, carbon, and hy- 
drogen ; so named from its energetic action on mercury. 

t MER'CAT, n. [L. mercatus.] Market ; trade.— Sprat. 

MER-Ca'TOR'S CHART, n. [from Mercator, the inventor.] 
A chart constructed on the principle of Mercator's projec- 
tion. See Projection. 

MER'CE-NA-RI-LY, adv. In a mercenary manner. 

MER'CE-NA-RI-NESS, n. Venality ; regard to hire or re- 
ward. — Boyle. 

MER'CE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. mercenaire; L. mercenarius.] 1. 
Venal ; that may be hired ; actuated by the hope of re- 
ward ; moved by the love of money. 2. Hired ; purchas- 
ed by money ; hireling, as troops. 3. Sold for money, as 
blood. — Shak. 4. Greedy of gain ; mean ; selfish. 5. Con- 
tracted from motives of gain. 

MER'CE-NA-RY, n. One who is hired; a soldier that is 
hired into foreign service ; a hireling. 

MER'CER, n. [Fr. mercier.] One who deals in silks and 
woolen cloths. — Smart. 

MER'CER-SHIP, n. The business of a mercer. 

MER'CER- Y, n. [Fr. mercerie.] The commodities or goods 
in which a mercer deals ; trade of mercers. 

tMER'CHAND, v. i. [Fr. mar chander.] To trade.— Bacon. 

MER'CHAND-iSE, n. [Fr.] 1. The objects of commerce ; 
wares, goods, commodities, whatever is usually bought or 
sold in trade L 2. Trade ; traffic ; commerce. 

MER'CHAND-iSE, v. i. To trade ; to carry on commerce. 

MER'CHAND-lS-ING, ppr. or a. Trading.— Moore. 

tMER'CHAND-RY, n. Trade; commerce. — Saunderson. 

MER'CHANT, n. [Fr. marchand ; It. mercante ; Sp. merchante.] 
1. A man who traffics or carries on trade with foreign 
countries, or who exports and imports goods and sells 
them by wholesale. — 2. In popular usage, any trader, or 
one who deals in the purchase and sale of goods. 3. A 
ship in trade ; r obs.] 

1 MER'CHANT, v. i. To trade. 

MER'CHANT-LIKE, a. Like a merchant. 

MER'CHANT TII'LOR, n. A tailor who keeps a shop con- 
taining articles used in his trade. 

MER'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Fit for market; such as is usually 
sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary price.— 
Syn. Marketable ; vendible ; salable. 

MER'CHANT-MAN, n. A ship or vessel employed in the 
transportation of goods, as distinguished from a ship of war. 

\ MER'CI-A-BLE, a. Merciful.— Gower. 

MER'CI-FUL, a. 1. Having or exercising mercy ; disposed 



to pity offenders, and to forgive their offenses ; unwilling 
to punish for injuries. 2. Unwilling to give pain ; not 
cruel. — Syn. Compassionate ; tender; humane ; gracious; 
kind ; mild ; clement ; benignant. 

MER'CI-FUL-LY, adv. With compassion or pity ; tender- 
ly; mildly. 

MER'CI-FUL-NESS, n. Tenderness toward offenders ; will 
bigness to forbear punishment ; readiness to forgive. 

t MER'CI-FY, v. t. To pity.— Spenser. 

MER'CI-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of mercy, as a man. 2. Not 
sparing, as a storm. — Syn. Cruel : unfeeling ; unmerciful ; 
pitiless; hard-hearted; severe; barbarous; savage. 

MER'CI-LESS-LY, adv. In a manner void of mercy ; cruelly 

MER'CI-LESS-NESS, n. Want of mercy or pity. 

MER-€u'RI-AL, a. [L. mercurialis.] 1. Formed under the 
influence of Mercury ; active ; sprightly ; full of fire o^ 
vigor. — Swift. 2. Pertaining to Mercury as the god of 
commerce ; hence, money-making ; crafty ; [obs.] 3. Per- 
taining to quicksilver ; containing quicksilver, or consist 
ing of mercury. 

MER-Cu'RI-AL-IST, n. One under the influence of Mercu 
ry, or one resembling Mercury in variety of character. 

MER-€u'RI-AL-lZE, v. i. 1. To be humorous or fantastic 
[not used.] — 2. In medicine, to affect the system with mer 
cury. 

MER-€u'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a mercurial or lively manner; 
actively. 

MER-CU-RI-FI-CXTION, n. 1. In metallurgic chemistry, the 
process of obtaining the mercury from metallic minerals 
in its fluid form. 2. The act of mixing with quicksilver. 

MER'CU-RIjED (-rid), pp. Washed with a preparation of 
mercury. 

MER-€u'RI-FY, v. t. To obtain mercury from metallic min- 
erals. — Encyc. 

MER'€U-RY, n. [L. Mercurius.] 1. In mythology, the mes- 
senger and interpreter of the gods, and the god of elo- 
quence and trade. 2. Quicksilver, a metal which, at ordi- 
nary temperatures, is liquid, but becomes solid at 39° be- 
low zero. Its specific gravity is nearly 14 times that of 
water. Besides being extensively used in medicine, it is 
employed in the amalgamation of the noble metals, in wa- 
ter-gilding, in silvering looking-glasses, making barometers 
and thermometers, <fcc. 3. Heat of constitutional temper- 
ament: spirit; sprightly qualities. 4. One of a genus of 
plants, mercurialis. 5. One of the planets nearest the sun. 

6. The name of a newspaper or periodical publication. 7. 
A messenger ; a news-carrier ; [from the office of the god 
Mercury.] — Rich. Diet. 

MER'CU-RY, v. t. To wash with a preparation of mercury. 
— Ben Jonson. 

MER'CU-RY'S FIN'GER, n. Wild saffron. 

MER'CY, n. [Fr. merci.] 1. That benevolence, mildness, or 
tenderness of heart, which disposes a person to overlook 
injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves. 
There is, perhaps, no word in our language precisely sy- 
nonymous with mercy. That which comes nearest to it is 
grace. It implies benevolence, tenderness, mildness, pity, 
or compassion, and clemency, but exercised only toward 
offenders. 2. An act or exercise of mercy or favor. 3, 
Pity ; compassion manifested toward a person in distress. 
4. Clemency and bounty. 5. Charity, or the duties of 
charity and benevolence. 6. Grace ; favor. — 1 Cor., vii. 

7. Eternal life, the fruit of mercy.— 2 Tim., i. 8. Pardon. 
9. The act of sparing, or the forbearance of a violent act 
expected ; as, to beg for mercy. — To be or to lie at the mer 
cy of, to have no means of self-defense. 

MER'CY-SeAT, n. The propitiatory ; the covering of the 

ark of the covenant among the Jews. 
MERD, n. [Fr. merde ; L. merda.] Ordure ; dung.— Burton 
MERE, a. [L. merus ; It. mero.] 1. This or that only ; dis 

tinct from any thing else ; as, a mere fiction. 2. Absolute ; 

entire. Spenser. — Syn. Sole ; alone ; unmixed ; unmin 

gled ; pure. 
MERE, n. [Sax. mare or mere.] A pool or lake. 
MeRE, n. [Sax. m/zra, gemcera.] A boundary ; used chiefly 

in the compound, mere-stone. — Bacon. 
tMERE, v. t. To divide, limit, or bound. — Spenser. 
MeRE'LY, adv. Only ; thus and no other way ; for this and 

no other purpose. Swift. — Syn. Solely; simply; purely, 

barely; scarcely; hardly. 
MER-E-TRl"CIOUS (-trish'us), a. [L. meretricius.] 1. Per 

taining to prostitutes ; such as is practiced by harlots. 2 

Alluring by false show ; worn for disguise ; having a gaud} 

but deceitful appearance ; false. 
MER-E-TRi"CIOUS-LY. adv. In the manner of prostitutes 

with deceitful enticements. 
MER-ETRi"CIOUS-NESS, n. The arts of a prostitute ; da 

ceitful enticements. 
MER-GAN'SER, n. [Sp. mergansar.] The goosander. 
MERGE, v. t. [L. mergo.] To immerse ; to cause to be 

swallowed up. — Kent. 
MERGE, v. i. To be sunk, swallowed, or lost. [Law Term. 
MERGED (merjd), pp. Immersed ; swallowed up. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, e, I, &c, short.— F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK, 



MER 



635 



MES 



MERd'ER, n. [L. mergo.] In law, a merging or drowning 

of a less estate in a greater. 
MER&'ING, ppr. Causing to be swallowed up ; immersing ; 

sinking. 

* ME-RID'I-AN, n; [Fr. meridien ; It. meridiano ; L. meridies.] 

1. In astronomy and geography, a great circle supposed to 
be drawn or to pass through the poles of the earth, and 
the zenith and nadir of any given place, intersecting the 
equator at right angles, and dividing the hemisphere into 
eastern and western. 2. Mid-day ; noon. 3. The highest 
point. 4. The particular place or state, with regard to 
local circumstances or things that distinguish it from oth- 
ers. — First meridian, the meridian from which longitudes 
are reckoned. This, in England, is Greenwich ; in France, 
Paris, &c. Brande. — Meridian of a globe or brass meridian, 
a graduated circular ring of brass, in which the artificial 
globe is suspended and revolves. — Magnetic meridian, a 
great circle, parallel with the direction of the magnetic 
needle, and passing through its poles. 

* ME-RID'I-AN, a. 1. Being on the meridian or at mid-day. 
.2. Pertaining to the meridian or to mid-day. 3. Pertain- 
ing to the highest point. 4. Pertaining to the magnetic 
meridian. 

ME-RID'I-ON-AL, a. [Fr.] 1. Pertaining to the meridian. 

2. Southern. 3. Southerly ; having a southern aspect. — 
Meridional distance is the distance or departure from the 
meridian, or easting or westing. 

ME-RID-I-ON-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being in the me- 
ridian. 2. Position in the south ; aspect toward the south. 

ME-RID'I-ON-AL-LY, adv. In the direction of the meridian. 
— Brown. 

MER'ILS, n. [Fr. merelles.] A boyish game, called five-pen- 
ny morris. See Moeris. 

ME-Ri'NO, a. [Sp. merino, moving from pasture to pasture, 
so called because this kind of sheep were driven, at cer- 
tain seasons, in large flocks from one part of Spain to an- 
other for pasturage.] A term denoting a variety of sheep 
from Spain, or their wool, which is distinguished for its 
fineness. 

ME-Ri'NO, n. A thin woolen fabric made of merino wool, 
for ladies' wear. 

MERIT, n. [L. mcritam ; It., Sp. merito ; Fr. merite.] 1. 
Desert; goodness or excellence which entitles one to 
honor or reward ; worth ; any performance or worth 
which claims regard or compensation. 2. Value ; excel- 
lence, as of a book. 3. Reward deserved ; that which is 
earned or merited. — Prior. 

MERIT, v. t. [Fr. meriter ; L. merito.] 1. To deserve; to 
earn by active service, or by any valuable performance ; 
to have a right to claim reward in money, regard, honor, 
or happiness. 2. To deserve ; to have a' just title to. 3. 
To deserve ; [in an ill sense ;] to have a just title to. 

MER'IT-M6N"GER, n. One who advocates the doctrine of 
human merit, as entitled to reward. — Milner. 

\ MERIT- A-BLE, a. Deserving of reward.— Ben Jonson. 

MER'IT-ED, pp. or a. Earned ; deserved. 

MER'IT-ING, ppr. Earning; deserving. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS, a. [It. meritorio ; Fr. meritoire.] Having 
merit ; deserving of reward, or of notice, regard, fame, or 
happiness ; praiseworthy. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In such a manner as to deserve 
reward. — Wotton. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of deserv- 
ing a reward or suitable return. 

t MER'I-TO-RY, a. Deserving of reward.— Gower. 

MER'I-TOT, n. A kind of play used by children, in swing- 
ing themselves on ropes or the like, till they are giddy. 

MERLE, n. [L. merula.] A blackbird.— Drayton. 

MER'LIN, n. [Fr.] A species of hawk, used in falconry. 

MER'LON, n. [It. merlo; Fr. merlon.] In fortification, that 
part of a parapet which lies between two embrasures. 

MER'MaID, n. [Fr. mer, L. mare, and maid.] A supposed 
marine animal, said to resemble a woman in the upper 
parts of the body, and a fish in the lower part. The male 
is called the merman. 

ME'ROPS, n. pi [L.] A genus of birds called bee-eaters. 



,.] A 

With 



MERHI-LY, adv. With mirth ; with gayety and laughter ; 
jovially. — Glanville. 

MER'RI-MIKE, n. A meeting for mirth ; a festival ; mirth. 

MER'RI-MaKE, v. i. To be merry or jovial ; to feast. 

MER'RI-MENT, n. Gayety with laughter or noise ; noisy 
sports. — Syn. Mirth; festivity; frolic; glee; joyous- 
ness ; hilarity ; jovialness ; jollity. 

MER'RI-NESS, n. Mirth ; gayety with laughter. 

MER'RY, a. [Sax. mirige, myrig.] 1. Gay and noisy ; exhil- 
arated to laughter. 2. Causing laughter or mirth. 3. 
Brisk ; vigorous ; as, a merry breeze ; " fight ye, my merry 
men." 4. Pleasant ; agreeable ; delightful ; as, a merry note. 
— To make merry, to be jovial ; to indulge in hilarity ; to 
feast with mirth. Judges, ix. — Syn. Cheerful ; blithe ; 
blithesome ; airy ; lively ; sprightly ; vivacious ; gleeful ; 
joyous ; mirthful ; jocund ; sportive. 

MER'RY, n. The common, wild, red cherry. 



MER'RY-AN'DREW, n. A buffoon ; a zany ; one whose 
business is to make sport for others ; particularly, one 
who attends a mountebank or quack doctor. [Said to 
have been derived from one Andrew Borde, a physician 
in the time of Henry VIII., who gained attention by face- 
tious speeches to the multitude.— Smart.] 

MER'RY-MaK-ING, a. Producing mirth.— Hillhouse. 

MER'RY-MaK-ING, > . -. .. , ... ._, 

MER'RY-MEET-ING S festival ; a meeting for mirth. 

MER'RY-THOUGHT (-thawt), n. The forked bone of a 
fowl's breast, which boys and girls break by pulling each 
one side, the longest part broken betokening priority of 
marriage. — Echa.rd. 

MER'SION (mur'shun), n. [L. mersio.] The act of sinking 
or plunging under water. [Little used.] Sec Immersion. 

ME-RU'LI-DANS, n. pi. Birds of the thrush family. 

MES-A-Ra'IC, a. [Gr. fxtaapmov.] The same as mesenteric ; 
pertaining to the mesentery. 

ME-SEEMS', verb impersonal, [me and seems.] It seems to 
me. It is used also in the past tense, meseemed. — Spenser. 

MES-EN-TER'IC. a. Pertaining to the mesentery. 

MES'EN-TER-Y, n. [Gr. ncvevTcpiov.] A membrane in the 
cavity of the abdomen, attached to the vertebrae, and serv- 
ing to retain the intestines and their appendages in a prop- 
er position. 

MESH, n. [W. masg ; G. masche.] 1. The opening or space 
between the threads of a net. 2. The grains or wash of a 
brewery. 

MESH, v. t. To catch in a net; to insnare. — Drayton. 

MESH.ED (mesht), pp. Caught in a net ; insnared. 

MESHING, ppr. Insnaring. 

MESHY, a. Formed like net-work; reticulated. 

Me'SIAL (-zhal), a. [Gr. /xecos.] A mesial line, in anatomy 
is a longitudinal line dividing the body, or any member or 
organ, into two equal parts. — Tully. 

MES'LIN, n. [Fr. mesler, meler.] A mixture of different sorts 
of grain ; in America, a mixture of wheat and rye. 

MES-MER'I€, la. Relating to or dependent on mes- 

MES-MER'IC-AL, ) merism. 

MES'MER-ISM, n. [from Mesmer.] Animal magnetism ; the 
power of producing a kind of sleep, or unconsciousness to 
external objects, while the mind remains active. 

MES'MER-IST, n. One who produces the mesmeric statt 
or believes in it. 

MES-MER-I-Za'TION, n. The act of producing the mes- 
meric state. 

MES'MER-TZE, v. t. To affect the body with a species of 
sleep while the mind retains its activity and power. 

MESNE (meen), a. [Old Fr.] In law, middle , intervening 
as, a mesne lord, that is, a lord who holds land of a supe- 
rior, but grants a part of it to another person. — Mesne pro- 
cess, such process as intervenes between the beginning 
and end of a suit; opposed to final process. Brande. — 
Mesne profits, the income of land received by one who is 
wrongfully in possession, and which may be recovered by 
the rightful owner, in an action of trespass. 

MES'0-€o-LON, n. [Gr. fieaos, and colon.] In anatomy, a 
continuation of the mesentery, to support the large intes- 
tines. 

MES'O-LABE, n. [Gr. ^taoS and >a//Savoj.] An instrument 
employed by the ancients for finding two mean propor 
tionals between two given lines, which were required in 
the problem of the duplication of the cube. — Brande. 

MES'OLE, n._ A zeolitic mineral, allied to mesotype. 

t MES-O-LEu'CYS, n. [Gr. utart and Aeu/cuS.] A precious 
stone with a streak of white in the middle. — Ash. 

MES'O-LlTE, n, A mineral of the zeolite family. 

tMES-0-LOG'A-RITHM,7i. [Gr. ^saos, and logarithm.] A log- 
arithm of the co-sines and co-tangents. — Kepler. — Hutton. 

t ME-SOM'E-LAS, n. [Gr. /xeaos and neXaS .] A precious stone 
striped with blick. — Ash. 

MES'O-SPERM, n. [Gr. neoc-S and a-tpixa.] In botany, a 
membrane of a seed, the second from the surface ; se- 
cundine. 

MES-0-TH5'RAX, n. [Gr. /xeoos and Sopa?.] In entomology, 
the middle segment of the thorax in insects. 

MES'O-TYPE, n. [Gr. jitoos and rvnos.] A zeolitic mineral, 
occurring in slender crystals and delicately radiated con 
cretions, lately subdivided into the species natrolile, scote 
cite, and mesole. 

t MES-PRlSE', n. Contempt. [A French word.] 

MESS, n. [Fr. mets ; Goth, mes.] 1. A dish or a quantity of 
food prepared or set on a table at one time. 2. A medley ; 
a mixed mass ; a quantity. 3. As much provender or 
grain as is given to a beast at once. 4. A number of per- 
sons who eat together ; [among seamen and soldiers.] 

MESS, v. i. 1. To eat ; to feed. 2. To associate at the samp 
table ; to eat in company, as seamen. 

MESS, v. t. To supply with a mess. 

MESS'-MaTE, n. An associate in eating. 

MES'SAGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Any notice, word, or communica- 
tion, written or verbal, sent from one person to another ; 
errand. 2. An official written communication of facto or 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S p.s Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



MET 



e;36 



MET 



opinions sent by a chief magistrate to tne two houses of a 
legislature or other deliberative body. 3. An official verb- 
al communication from one branch of a legislature to the 
other. 

VTESSjSD (mest), pp. Associated at the same table. 
tfES'SEN-GER, 7n. [Fr. messager.] 1. One who bears a 

iIES'SA-GER, j message or an errand. 2. He or that 
which foreshows ; as, messenger of the dawn. — 3. Messen- 
ger, in naval language, a hawser or small cable, about six- 
ty fathoms long, wound round the capstan, and having its 
two ends lashed together.— Syn. Carrier ; intelligencer •„ 
courier ; harbinger ; forerunner ; precursor ; herald. 

MES-Sl'AH, n. [Heb. JT1DE, anointed.] Christ, the Anoint- 
ed ; the Savior of the world. 

MES-Sl'AII-SHlP, n. The character, state, or office of the 
Savior. — Buckminster. 

MES-SI-AN'KJ, a. Relating to the Messiah. 

* MES'SIEURS (mesh'yerz), n. [Fr. ; pi. of monsieur, my 
lord.] Sirs ; gentlemen ; abbreviated into messrs. 

MES'SUAGE (mes'swaje), n. [from Old Fr. meson, meson- 
age.] In law, a dwelling-house and adjoining land, appro- 
priated to the use of the household, including the adjacent 
buildings. 

MES-Tii'ZO, n. [Sp. mixed.] In Spanish America, the child 
of a Spaniard or creole and a native Indian. — Brande. 

ME-SYM'NI-€UM, n. A repetition at the end of a stanza. 

MET, pret. and pp. of meet. 

ME-TABA-SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, transition; a passing 
from one thmg to another. 

ME-TAB'O-LA, n. [Gr. neraSoXri.] In medicine, a change of 
air, time, or disease. — Diet. [Little used.] 

MET-A-Bo'LI-AN, n. [Gr. ^raSoAj?.] An insect which un- 
dergoes a metamorphosis. The metabolians form a sub- 
class of insects. — Brande. 

MET-A-CaR'PAL, a. Belonging to the metacarpus. 

MET-A-€aR'PUS, n. [Gr. ^.ra and Kapiro(.] In anatomy, 
the part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers. 

ME-TACH'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. juera and xpovoi.] An error 
in chronology, by placing an event after its real time. 

META-CISM, n. A defect in pronouncing the letter m. 

Me'TAGE, n. Measurement of coal ; price of measuring. 

MET-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, n. [Gr. /xera and ypanna.] Ana- 
grammatism, or metagrammatism, is a transposition of the 
letters of a name into such a connection as to express some 
perfect sense applicable to the person named. — Camden. 
"MET'^L (meftl), n. [Fr. ; L. metallum.] 1. A simple, fixed, 
shining, opaque body or substance, insoluble in water, fusi- 
ble by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and 
having a peculiar lustre, known as the metallic lustre. 2. 
Courage ; spirit ; so written, by mistake, for mettle. 3. 
The broken stone used for covering macadamized roads ; 
[England.] 

MET-A-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr. //sraA^i?.] In rhetoric, the con- 
junction of two or more different figures in the same word ; 
as, " in one Caesar there are many Mariuses." Here the 
word Marius is put, by synecdoche, for an aspiring man, 
and then, by metonymy, for the evil consequences of such a 
character to the pubnc safety, forming a metalepsis. 

MET-A-LEP'TI€, a. 1. Pertaining to a metalepsis or parti- 
cipation ; translative. 2. Transverse.— 3. In natural sci- 
ence, denoting the substitution of one substance for anoth- 
er, which is displaced or removed. — Dana. 

MET-A-LEP'TI€-AL-LY, adv. By transposition. 

ME-TAL'LIC, ? a. [L. metallicus.] Pertaining to a metal 

ME-TAL'LIC-AL, > or metals ; consisting of metal ; par- 
taking of the nature of metals ; like a metal. 

MET-AL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. metallum and fero.] Produc- 
ing metals ; yielding metals. — Kirwan. 

ME-TAL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of metals ; like 
metal. — Kirwan. 

* MET'AL-LlNE, a. 1. Pertaining to a metal ; consisting 

of metal. 2. Imp 'egnated with metal. 

METAL-LIST, n. A worker in metals, or one skilled in 
metals. — Moxon. 

MET-AL-LI-ZI'TION, n. The act or process of forming 
into a metal. 

METAL-LlZE, v. t. To form into metal ; to give to a sub- 
stance its proper metallic properties. 

METAL-LIZ.ED pp. Formed into metal. 

METAL-LIZ-IN >, ppr. Forming into metal. 

MET-AL-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ^eraWov and ypatprj.] An 
account or description of metals. 

METAL-LOID, n. [metal, and Gr. eiSos.] A name some- 
times applied to the metallic bases of* the alkalies and 
earths. 

MET-AL-LOID'AL, a. Having a form or appearance like 
that of a metal. 

MET-AL-LUR'GIC, a. Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art 
of working metals. 

* METAL-LUR-AIST, n. One whose occupation is to work 
metals, or to purify, refine, and prepare metals for use. 

* MET'AL-LUR-GY, n. [Gr. nzraWov and epyov.] The art of 

working metals from the state of ore to the utensil, com- 



prehending assaying, smelting, refining, smithery, &c. Usu 
ally, in a more limited sense, the separation of metals from 
their ores or other combinations. — Hebert. 

METAL-MAN, n. A worker in metals ; a coppersmith or 
tinman. 

MET-A-MORPH1C, a. In geology, pertaining to changes 
which minerals or rocks may have undergone since their 
original deposition ; usually applied to changes which sed- 
imentary rocks have undergone through the influence of 
heat. — Dana. 

MET-A-MORPH'ISM, n. In geology, the state or quality cf 
being metamorphic. 

MET-A-MORPH'OSE, v. t. [Gr. nzraiioptiow.] To change 
into a different form ; to transform ; particularly, to change 
the form of insects, as from the larva to a winged animal. 
— Dryden. 

MET-A-MORPH'OS.ED, pp. Changed into a different form. 

MET-A-MORPH'O-SER, n. One who transforms or changes 
the shape. 

MET-A-MORPH'O-SIC, a. Changing the form ; transform 
ing. 

MET-A-MORPH'O-SING, ppr. Changing the shape. 

MET-A-MORPH'O-SIS, n. [Gr.] 1. Change of form or shape, 
transformation ; particularly, a change in the form of be 
ing, as of a chrysalis into a winged animal. 2. Any change 
of form or shape. 

MET-A-MOR-PHOS'TIC-AL, a. Pertaining to or affected 
by metamorphosis. 

META-PHOR, n. [Gr. nertHpopa.] A short similitude; a 
similitude reduced to a single word ; or a word express- 
ing similitude without the signs of comparison. Thus, 
" That man is a fox," is a metaphor ; but, " that man is like 
a fox," is a similitude. 

MET-A-PHOR1C, la. Pertaining to metaphor; com- 

MET-A-PHOR'I€-AL, $ prising a metaphor ; not literal. 

MET-A-PHOR'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a metaphorical manner , 
not literally. 

MET'A-PHOR-IST, n. One who makes metaphors. 

META-PHRISE (mefa-fraze), n, ^Gr. neraQpaois.] A verb 
al translation ; a version or translation of one language into 
another, word for word ; opposed to paraphrase. 

META-PHRAST. n. A person who translates from one Ian 
guage into another, word for word. 

MET-A-PHRAST'IC, a. Close or literal in translation. 

MET-A-PHYS'IC, \ a. 1. Pertaining or relating to meta- 

MET-A-PHYS'I€-AL, \ physics. 2. According to rules oi 
principles of metaphysics. 3. Preternatural or supen^ 
ural. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

MET-A-PHYS'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of metaphys- 
ical science. 

MET-A-PHY-SFCIAN (met-a-fe-zizh'un), n. One who is 
versed in the science of metaphysics. 

MET-A-PHYS'I€S, n. [Gr. M e T a and <}>vaiKri.] The science 
of the principles and causes of all things existing ; hence, 
the science of mind or intelligence. 

META-PLASM, n. [Gr. ncTaizXaaixos.] In grammar, a change 
made in a word by the augmentation, diminution, or im- 
mutation of a syllable or letter. 

ME-TAS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. niraaTaaig.] A translation or re- 
moval of a disease from one part to another, or such an al- 
teration as is succeeded by a solution. 

MET-A-TAR'SAL, a. Belonging to the metatarsus. 

MET-A-TaR'SUS, n. [Gr. pera and mpcoi.] The middle of 
the foot, or part between the ankle and the toes. 

ME-TATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. lieradeais.] 1. Transposition; a 
figure by which the letters or syllables of a word are trans- 
posed. — 2. In medicine, a change or removal of a morbid 
cause, without expulsion. 

MET-A-THo'RAX, n. [Gr. ^era and SuQa^.] In entomology, 
the last or posterior segment of the thorax in insects. 

META-TOME, n. [L. metatus. measured.] In architecture, 
the space between one dentil, or denticle, and another. — 
Elmes. 

ME-Ta'YER, n. [Fr.] In France and Italy, a farmer holding 
land on condition of yielding half the produce to the pro 
prietor, from whom he receives tools and stock. — Brande. 

MeTE, v. t. [Sax. metan, ametan, gemetan ; D. meeten ; L. me 
tior.] To measure ; to ascertain quantity, dimensions, or 
capacity by any rule or standard. [ Obsolescent.] 

MeTE. n. [Sax. mitta.] Measure; limit; boundary; [used 
chiefly in the plural, in the phrase metes and bounds.] 

MeTED, pp. Measured. 

ME-TEMP'SY-CHOSE, v. t. To translate from one body to 
another, as the soul. 

ME-TEMP-SY-CHo'SIS, n. [Gr. /lere/i^oxwffif.] Transmi- 
gration ; the passing of the soul of a man after death into 
some other animal body. 

MET-EMP-To'SIS, n. [Gr. jxetu, tv, and Trwrw.] In chronol 
ogy, the solar equation necessary to prevent the new moon 
from happening a day too late, or the suppression of the 
bissextile once in 134 years ; opposed to proemptosis. 

* Me'TE-OR, n. [Gr. fiereiopos.) 1. In a general sense, a body 
that flies or floats in the air, as clouds, &c. — Burke. 2. A 



See Synopsis. A.. E. I. &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— M AR5EN E. BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



MET 



G37 



MIA 



fiery or luminous body or appearance flying or floating 
in the atmosphere, or in a more elevated region. The 
name is given to those bodies which, exploding with a 
loud noise, throw oft' stones that fall to the earth ; also, to 
shooting stars and the ignis fatuus. — 3. Figuratively, any 
thing that transiently dazzles or strikes with wonder. 

ME-TE-OR'i€, a. 1. Pertaining to meteors ; consisting of 
meteors. 2. Proceeding from a meteor. — Meteoric iron, 
iron in the metallic state, as found in meteoric stones. — 
Meteoric showers, periodical exhibitions of shooting stars, 
as about the 9th of August and the 13th of November. 

ME'TE-OR-lTE, n. A solid substance or body falling Iron 
the high regions of the atmosphere. — Mantcll. 

\ Me'TE-OR-IZE, v. i. To ascend in vapors.— Evelyn. 

ME-TE-OR'O-Lt.TE, n. A meteoric stone, consisting of a 
solid, semi-metallic substance, which falls from the at- 
mosphere after the explosion of a meteor ; called, also, 
aerolite. 

ME-TE-OR-O-L Og'IC, I a. Pertaining to the atmosphere 

ME-TE-OR-O-LOti'IC-AL, 5 and its phenomena. 

ME-TE-OR-OL'O-GIST, n. One skilled in meteorology. 

ME-TE-OR-OL QgY, n. [Gr. nercwpoS and Aoyo?.] That 
science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenome- 
na. — Olmsted. 

ME-TE-OR'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. peruopov and pavreia.] A 
species of divination by meteors, chiefly by thunder and 
lightning. 

ME-TE-OR'0-S€OPE, n. An instrument for taking the mag- 
nitude and distances of heavenly bodies. [Not in use.) 

ME-TE-GR-OS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. nercwpos and gkotteu.] That 
part of astronomy which treats of sublime heavenly bodies, 
distance of stars, &c. — Bailey. [Not in use.] 

ME-Te'OR-OUS, a. Having the nature of a meteor. 

Me'TER, n. One who measures ; [used in compounds.] 

Me'TER, > ,i. [Sax. meter ; Fr. metre. All the compounds of 

Me'TRE, 5 this word are conformed to English orthogra- 
raphy, as diameter, &c. The same would be desirable in 
the simple word.] 1. Measure; verse; arrangement of 
poetical feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. 2. A 
French measure of length, equal to 39 32. English inches. 

f MeTE'WAND, n. [mete and wand.] A staff or rod of a cer- 
tain length, used as a measure. — Ascham. 

f MeTETXRD, n, [Sax. metgeard.] A yard, staff, or rod, 
used as a measure. 

ME-THEG'LIN, n. [W. mezyglin.] A liquor made of honey 
and water, boiled and fermented, often enriched with 
spices. 

ME-THINKS', v. impers. ; pp. methought. [me and think.] It 
seems to me ; it appears to me ; I think. 

METHOD, n. [L. methodus.] 1. A suitable and convenient 
arrange :nent of things, proceedings, or ideas ; the natural 
or regular disposition of separate things or parts. 2. Way ; 
manner ; as, method of proceeding. 3. Classification ; ar- 
rangement of natural bodies according to their common 
characteristics. In natural arrangements, a distinction is 
sometimes made between method and system. System is an 
arrangemt at founded, throughout all its parts, on some one 
principle. Method is an arrangement less fixed and determ- 
inate, and founded on more "general relations. — Syn. Or- 
der; regularity; rule; mode; course; means. 

ME-THOD'I-G, )a. Arranged in convenient order ; dis- 

ME-THOD'IC-AL, 5 posed in a just and natural manner, or 
in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical 
operations. 

ME-THOD'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a methodical manner; ac- 
cording to natural or convenient order. 

METH'OD-ISM, n. The doctrines and worship of the sect 
of Christians called Methodists. 

METH'OD-IST, n. 1. One who observes method. 2. One 
of a sect of Christians founded by John Wesley, and so 
called from the exact regularity of their lives, and the 
strictness of their principles and rules. The name is also 
given, in England, to the followers of Whitefield, or Cal- 
vinistic Methodists. 3. A physician who practices by meth- 
od or theory. — Boyle. 4. A cant term of derision "for one 
strictly religious. 
METH-OD-ISTIS, ?<z. Resembling the Methodists ; par- 
METH-OD-IST'IC-AL, j taking of the strictness of Meth- 
odists.— Ch. Ob*. 
METH-OD-IST'IC-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of Meth- 
odists. 
METH'OD-IZE, v. t. To reduce to method ; to 
due order ; to arrange in a convenient manner. 
METH'OD-pID, pp. Reduced to method. 
METH'OD-lZ-ING, ppr. Arranging in due order. 
ME-THOUGHT' (me-thawf), pret. of methinks. It seemed to 

me; I thought. — Milton. — Dryden. 
METHT-LENE, n. [Gr. he8v and vXrj.] A highly volatile and 
inflammable liquid produced by the destructive distillation 
of wood. — Brande. 
MET'IC, n. [Gr. jjetoikoS-] In ancient Greece, a sojourner ; 

a resident stranger in a Grecian city or place. 
♦ ME-TLG'U-LOUS, a. [L. meticulosus.] Timid.— Coles. 



MET'O-CHE, n. [Gr. ^etex^-] m architecture, the space be 
tween two dentils. Brande. 

ME-TON'I€ Cy'CLE, \ n. The cycle of the moon, or per- 

ME-TON'I€ YeAR, j od of nineteen y< are, in which tha 
lunations of the moon return to the same days of the 
month ; so called from its discoverer, Melon, the Athenian. 

MET-O-NYM'IC, \a. Used by way of metonymy, by 

MET-0-NYM'[€-AL, 5 putting one word for another. 

MET-0-NYM'I€-AL-LY, adv. By metonymy. 

* MET'O-NYM-Y or ME-TON'Y-MY, n. [Gr. perawitta.] In 
rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put for another ; a 
change of names which have some relation to each other. 

MET'O-PE, n. [Gr. ueto-jij.] In architecture, the space be- 
tween the triglyphs of the Doric frieze. 

MET-O-POS'CO-PIST, n. One versed in physiognomy. 

MET-0-POS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. hetwttov and okottcu).] The 
study of physiognomy. 

Me'TRE. See Meteh. 

METRIC-AL, a. [L. meiricus ; Fr. metrique.] 1. Pertaining 
to measure, or due arrangement or combination of long 
and short syllables. 2. Consisting of verses. 

MET'RIC-AL-LY, adv. In a metrical manner. 

ME'TRIST ' \ n ' A wr i ter °f verse s- — Bale. [Notmuse.^ 

ME-TROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. hetOov and Xoyos.] An account of 
measures, or the science o'f weights and measures. — J. Q. 
Adams. 

METRO-N5ME, n. [Gr. (terpen and vopn.] An instrument 
on the principle of the clock, having a short pendulum, 
which serves to measure time in music. 

ME-TRON'O-MY, n. [Gr. nErpew, to measure, and vo^i di- 
vision.] The measuring time by an instrument, 

ME-TROP'O-LIS, n. [L. ; Gr. //^t/jottoXis, mother-city.] The 
chief city or capital of a kingdom, state, or country. 

MET-RO-POLl-TAN, a. Belonging to a metropolis, or to 
the mother-church ; residing in the chief city. 

MET-RO-POL'I-TAN, n. The bishop who presides over the 
other bishops of a province. — In the Latin Church, the same 
as archbishop ; in the Greek Church, one whose see is ve- 
ally a civil metropolis. — Hook. 

t ME-TROP'O-LiTE, n. A metropolitan. 

MET-RO-POL'I-TI€, \a. Pertaining to a metropolis 

MET-RO-PO-LIT'I€-AL, 5 chief; pertaining to a metro 
politan or to his see. 

METTLE (meftl), n. [usually supposed to be corrupted 
from metal.] Spirit ; constitutional ardor ; that tempera 
ment which is susceptible of high excitement. 

METTL ED, a. High-spirited ; ardent ; full of fire. 

METTLE-S6ME, a. Full of spirit ; possessing constitution 
al ardor; brisk; fiery.— Tatler. 

METTLE-S6ME-LY, adv. With sprightliness. 

METTLE-S6ME-NESS, n. The state of being high-spiritee 

ME'UM ET TU'UM. [L.] Mine and thine. 

MEW (mu), n. [Sax. maw; D. meeuzo; G. mewe.] A sea 
fowl of the genus larus ; a gull. 

MEW (mu), n. [Fr. mue ; Arm. muz.] A cage for birds ; ai 
inclosure ; a place of confinement. 

MEW (mu), v. t. To shut up ; to inclose ; to confine, as in 
a cage or other inclosure.— Dryden. 

MEW (mu), v. t. [W. miw; It. mudare; Fr. muer.] To shed 
or cast ; to change ; to molt. — Dryden. 

MEW (mu), v. i. [W. mewian.] To cry as a cat. 

MEW, v. i. To change ; to put on a new appearance. 

MEWING (mu'ing), n. 1. The act of casting the feathers or 
skin. 2. A crying, as of a cat. 

MEWING, ppr. Casting the feathers or skin ; crying. 

MEWL, v. i. [Fr. miauler ; It. miagolare.] To cry from un- 
easiness, as a child. — Shak. 

MEWL'ER, n. One who squalls or mewls. 

MEWS (muz), n. pi. The royal stables in London, so called 
because built where the king's hawks were once mewed. 

ME-ZE'RE-ON, n. A small ornamental European shrub, 
whose extremely acrid bark is used in medicine. 

MEZ'ZA-NlNE, n, [lt.l 1. A story of small height intro- 
duced between two higher ones. — Brande. 2. Alow win- 
dow, less in height than in breadth. — Buchanan. 

MEZ'ZO (med'zo). [It.] In music, denotes middle, mean. 

MEZ'ZO-RE-LlEV'O (med'zo-re-lev'o), n. [It. mezzorelievo.] 
A middle point of relief in figures, between high and low 
relief. 

MEZ'ZO VO'CE (med'zo vo'cha). [It] In music, with a 
medium fullness of sound. 

* MEZ-ZO-TINT'O (mez-zo- or med-zo-), n. [1 ; A mode 

of engraving or representation of figures on ctpper, in im- 
itation of painting in Indian ink. Mezzotint is also used. 
Ml. The third note in the musical scale, between re and fa. 

* Ml'ASM, n. The same as miasma. — Harvey. 

Ml-AS MA, n. ; pi. Miasmata. [Gr., from fitatvo).] Infecting 
substances floating in the air ; the effluvia of any putrefy 
ing bodies, rising and floating in the atmosphere. 

Ml-AS'MAL, a. Containing miasma. 

Ml-AS-MATIC, a. Pertaining to miasma; partaking of the 
qualities of noxious effluvia. 



DAVE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete. 



MID 



638 



M1G 



MX'CA, n. [L. mica.] A mineral capable of being cleaved 
into elastic plates of extreme thinness. It is generally 
more or less transparent, and is used like glass for lan- 
terns and for the doors of stoves. It is an essential con- 
stituent^!' granite, gneiss, and mica slate. — Dana. 

Ml'CA-ScHIST, ) n. A schistose rock, consisting of mica 

Mi'-GA-SLaTE, > and quartz. 

MI-€a'CEOUS (-shus), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of 
mica ; like mica. 

MICA-REL, ?i. A species of argillaceous earth. 

MlCE, n. ; pi. of mouse. 

Ml'-GHA-EL-lTE, n. A sub-variety of silicious sinter, dis- 
covered in the island of St. Michael. 

MICH'AEL-MAS (mik'el-mas), n. 1. The feast of St. Mi- 
chael, a festival of the Roman Catholic Church, celebrated 
Sept. 29. — 2. In colloquial language, autumn. 

MlCHE (mich), v. i. 1. To lie hid ; to skulk ; to retire or 
shrink from view. 2. To pilfer.— Shak. ; [obs.] 

* tMICH'ER, n. One who skulks, or creeps out of sight ; a 
thief. — Sidney. 

I MICH'ER-Y, n. Theft ; cheating.— Gower. 

MICH'ING, ppr. or a. Retiring ; skulking ; creeping from 

sight ; mean ; cowardly. [ Vulgar.] 
I MICK'LE, a. [Sax. micel, mucel ; Scot, my die, mekyl, muckle.] 

Much ; great. [Retained in the Scottish language.] 
Ml'CO, n. A small South American monkey, with shining 

white hair, a black tail, and the hands and face of a deep 

flesh-color. 
Ml'€RO-€OSM, n. [Gr. jxinpog and koouos.] Literally, the 

little world ; but used for man, supposed to be an epitome 

of the universe or great world. — Swift. 
Ml-€RO-€OS'MI€ SALT, n. A triple salt of soda, ammo- 

'ma, and phosphoric acid, originally obtained from urine. 

— Ure. 
Ml-€RO-€OS'MIC-AL, a. Pertaining to the microcosm. 
Ml-€RO-€OS-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. uikOos, koct/jlos, and ypa- 

<pu).] The description of man as a little world. 
Ml-€RO-€OUS'TI€, n. [Gr. uiKpos and okovu).] An instru- 
ment to augment small sounds, and assist in hearing. 

* Ml-€ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. uiKpos and ypa<pu).] The de- 

scription of objects too small to be discerned without the 
aid of a microscope. 

MI-CROME-TER, n. [Gr. UiKpos and pcrpov.] An instru- 
ment applied to the telescope or microscope for measur- 
ing small objects, spaces, or angles. 

Ml-CRO-METRIC-AL, a. Belonging to the micrometer; 
made by the micrometer. — Humboldt. 

Ml'CRO-PHONE, n. [Gr. uiKpo s and (pwvrj.] An instrument 
to augment small sounds ; a microcoustic. 

Ml'€RO-P?LE, n. [Gr. fiiKpos, small, and xv'Xr), mouth.] In 
botany, the mouth of the foramen of an ovulum. — Lindley. 

Ml'CRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. uiKpos and okot;ew.] An optical in- 
strument, consisting of lenses or mirrors, which magnify 
objects, and thus render visible minute objects which can 
not be seen by the naked eye, or enlarge the apparent 
magnitude of small visible bodies. 

Ml-€RO-S€OPT€, \ a. 1. Made by the aid of a micro- 

Mi-€RO-S€OP'I€-AL, 5 scoye.—Arbuthnot. 2. Assisted by 
a microscope. 3. Resembling a microscope ; capable of 
seeing small objects. 4. Very small ; visible only by the 
aid of a microscope. 

Ml-CRO-SCOPTC-AL-LY, adv. By the microscope ; with 
minute inspection. — Good. 

Ml'CRO-SCo-PIST, n. One skilled in microscopy. 

Ml-CROS'CO-PY, n. The use of the microscope. 

Ml'CRO-TlNE, a. [Gr. uiKpos, small.] Having or consisting 
of small crystals. — Shepard. 

MI€-TU-Ri"TION (-rish'un), n. [L. micturio.] The desire 
of making water, or passing the urine. — Darwin. 

MID, a. [Sax. midd, midde.] 1. Middle ; at equal distance 
from extremes. 2. Intervening ; as, in mid air. 

MID -AGE, n. The middle of life, or persons of that age. 

MID'-€oURSE, n. The middle of the course or way. 

MID'-DaY, a. Being at noon ; meridional. — Addison. 

MID'-DaY, n. The middle of the day ; noon. — Donne. 

MID'-HE AV-£N, n. The middle of the sky or heaven. 

MID'-LENT, n. [Sax. midlencten.] The middle of lent. 

MID'-SUM-MER, n. The middle of summer ; the summer 
solstice, about the 21st of June. — Swift. 

MID'-WIN-TER, n. The middle of winter; winter solstice. 

MID'-WOOD, n. The middle of the wood.— Thomson. 

Ml'DA, n. [Gr. ui5a;.] A worm, or the bean-fly. — Cftambers. 

MID-D.EN, n. A dunghill.— Favour. 

tMID'DEST, a. super], of mid.— Spenser. 

MID'DLE (mid'dl), a. [Sax., D. middel; G. mittel; Ban. mid- 
del] 1. Equally distant from the extremes. 2. Interme- 
diate ; intervening.— Middle Ages, the period which inter- 
vened between the fall of the Roman Empire and the re- 
vival of letters in the fifteenth century.— The middle term 
of a syllogism is one with which the two extremes are 
separately compared, and by means of which they are 
brought together in the conclusion. 

MID'DLE, n. 1. The point or part equally distant from the 



extremities; 2. The time that passes, or events that hap 
pen between the beginning and the end. 

MID'DLE-ag£D, a. Being about the middle of the ordina. 
ry age of man. 

MID'DLE-DECK, n. The deck below the main deck in 
three -deckers T^ottcw 

t MID'DLE-EARTH, n. [Sax. middan-eard.] The world. 

MID'DLE-MAN, n. An agent between two parties ; partic- 
ularly in Ireland, one who takes land of the proprietors in 
large tracts, and then rents it out in small portions to the 
peasantry at a greatly enhanced price. 

MID'DLE-MoST, a. Being in the middle, or nearest the 
middle of a number of things that are near the middle. 

MID'DLING, a. [Sax. midlen/] Of middle rank, state, size, 
or quality ; about equally distant from the extremes ; mod- 
erate. 

MIDDLINGS, n. pi. The coarser part of flour. 

MID'DLING-LY, adv. Passably ; indifferently .—Johnson. 

MIDgE, n. [Sax. myge, mygge.] A gnat or fly. 

MID'LAND, a. 1. Being in the interior country ; distant 
from the coast or sea-shore. — Hale. 2. Surrounded by the 
sea ; mediterranean. — Dryden. 

MID'LEG, n. Middle of the leg.— Bacon. 

MID'LlFE, n. The middle of life, or of the usual age of man. 
— Southey. 

MID'MoST, a. Middle; as, the midmost battles. — Dryden. 

MID'NiGHT (-nite), n. The middle of the night ; twelve 
o'clock at night. 

MID'NiGHT, a. 1. Being in the middle of the night— Bacon 
2. Dark as midnight ; very dark. 

MID'RIB, n. [mid, middle, and rib.] In botany, a continua 
tion of the petiole, extending from the base to the apex of 
the laminae of a leaf. — Lindley. 

MID'RIFF, n. [Sax. midhrife.] In anatomy, the diaphragm. 
— Quincy. 

MID'SE A, n. The midst of the sea. — Dryden. 

MID'SHIP, a. Being in the middle of a ship. 

MID'SHIP-MAN, n. In ships of war, a kind of naval cadet, 
whose business is to second the orders of the superior offi- 
cers and assist in the necessary business of the ship. 
Passed midshipman, one who has passed examination and 
is a candidate for promotion to the rank of lieutenant. 
Totten. 

MID'SHIPS, adv. In the middle of a ship ; properly, amid- 
ships. 

MIDST, n. [contracted from middest, the superl. of mid.] 
The middle. — Dryden. The phrase in the midst often sig- 
nifies involved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by. 

MIDST, adv. In the middle.— Milton. 

MID'STReAM, n. The middle of the stream.— Dryden. 

t MID 'WARD, adv. Midst. 

MID'WaY, n. The middle of the way or distance. 

MID'WaY, a. Being in the middle of the way or distance 

MID'WaY, adv. In the middle of the way ; halfway. 

MID'WlFE, n. [mid and wif] A woman who assists other 
women in childbirth. 

MID'WlFE, v. i. To perform the office of midwife. 

MID'WlFE, v. t. To assist in childbirth. 

* MID'WlFE-BY, n. I. The art or practice of assisting 
women in childbirth ; obstetrics. 2. Assistance at child- 
birth^ 3. Help or co-operation in production. 

Ml'E-MlTE, n. A variety of magnesian limestone, found at 
Miemo, in Tuscany. 

MIeN (meen), n. [Fr. mine; Dan., Sw. mine; Corn, mein.] 
The whole external appearance with correspondent car- 
riage of body. — Syn. Look ; air ; countenance ; aspect 
demeanor ; deportment ; manner. 

MIFF, n. A slight degree of resentment. — Holloway. { Cot 
loquial] 

MIFF.ED (mift), a. Slightly offended. ' 

MIGHT (mite), pret. of may. 1. Had power or liberty. 2. 
It sometimes denotes was possible, implying ignorance ol 
the fact in the speaker ; as, it might be so. 

MIGHT (mite), n. [Sax. might, meht ; G. macht.] 1. Strength ; 
force ; power ; primarily and chiefly, bodily strength or 
physical power. 2. Political power or great achieve- 
ments. 3. National strength ; physical power or military 
force. 4. Valor, with bodily strength ; military prowess. 
5. Ability; strength or application of means. 6. Strength 
or force of purpose. 7. Strength of affection. 8. Strength 
of light ; splendor; effulgence.— With might and main, 
with the utmost strength. 

MlGHTI-LY (mit'e-le), adv. 1. With great power, force, or 
strength ; vigorously. 2. Vehemently ; with great earnest- 
ness. 3. Powerfully ; with great energy. 4. With great 
strength of argument. 5. With great or irresistible force ; 
greatly ; extensively. 6. With strong means of defense. 
7. Greatly ; to a great degree ; very much.— Spectator , 
[colloquial.] 

MIGHTI-NESS, n. L Power; greatness ; height of dignity 
2. A title of dignity ; as, their High Mightinesses. 

MIGHTY (mife), a. [Sax. mihtig.] 1. Having great bodily 
strength or physical power ; very strong or vigorous. 2. 



r See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a. e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



MIL 



639 



MIL 



Verj strong ; valiant ; bold. 3. Very powerful ; having 
great command ; potent. 4. Very strong in numbers. 5. 
Very strong or great in corporeal power; very able. 6. 
Violent ; very loud. 7. Vehement ; rushing with violence. 
8. Very great; vast. 9. Very great or strong, 10. Very 
forcible ; efficacious. 11. Very great or eminent in intel- 
lect or acquirements. 12. Great ; wonderful ; performed 
with great power. 13. Very severe and distressing. 14. 
Very great, large, or populous. 15. Important ; moment- 
ous. 

MlGHT'Y, adv. In a great degree ; very ; as, mighty wise. 
— Prior. [Colloquial] 

MIGN'IARD (min'yard), a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft; dainty; 
delicate ; pretty. — Ben- Jonson. 

MIGN-ON-NETTE' (min-yo-nef), n. [Fr.] An annual plant, 
reseda odorata, bearing flowers of an agreeable odor. 

Mi'GRaTE, v. i. [L. migro.] 1. To pass or remove from 
one country or irom one state to another, with a view to 
a residence. 2. To pass or remove from one region or 
district to another for a temporary residence. 

Mi'GRa-TING, ppr. or a. Removing from one state to an- 
otherfor a permanent residence. 

Mi-GRa'TION, n. [L. migratio.] 1. The act of removing 
from one kingdom or state to another for the purpose of 
residence. 2. Change of place ; removal. 

Ml'GRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Removing or accustomed to remove 
from one state or country to another for permanent resi- 
dence. 2. Roving; wandering; occasionally removing for 
pasturage. 3. Passing from one climate to another, as birds. 

MILCH, a. [Sax. melee.] 1. Giving milk; as, milch cows or 
goats. 2. Soft ; tender ; merciful ; as, mz'Zc/t-hearted. — Shak. 

MILD, a. [Sax. mild; G., D., Sw., T>an.?nild.] 1. Gently and 
pleasantly affecting the senses ; not violent. 2. Not acrid, 
pungent, corrosive, or drastic ; operating gently ; not acri- 
monious ; as, mild medicine. 3. Having tenderness and 
gentleness of temper or disposition ; not severe or cruel. 
4. Not fierce, rough, or angry; as, mild words. 5. Not 
fierce ; not stern ; not frowning ; as, a mild countenance. 
6. Not sharp, tart, sour, or bitter; moderately sweet or 
pleasant to the taste. 7. In a state of calmness or tran- 
quillity. 8. Moderate ; not violent or intense. — Syn. Soft ; 
gentle ;' bland ; calm; tranquil; soothing; pleasant; pla- 
cid ; meek ; kind ; merciful ; tender ; indulgent ; clement ; 
compassionate ; mollifying ; demulcent ; lenitive ; assua- 
sive. 

MlLD'-SPIR'IT-ED, \ a. Having a mild temper.— Arbuth- 

MlLD'-TEM'PER£D, j not.— Scott. 

MILDEW (mil'du), n. [Sax. mildeaw.] A thin whitish coat- 
ing found sometimes on the leaves of vegetables, occasion- 
ing disease, decay, and death. It is also found on paper, 
cloth, &c. It consists of innumerable minute fungi. 

MIL'DE W, v. t. To taint with mildew.— Shak. 

MILTJE WED (-dude), pp. Tainted or injured by mildew. 

MILT)EW-1NG, ppr. Tainting with mildew. 

MlLD'LY, adv. Softly ; gently ; tenderly ; not roughly or 
violently; moderately. 

MlLD'NESS, n. 1. Softness ; gentleness. 2. Tenderness ; 
mercy ; clemency. 3. Gentleness of operation. 4. Soft- 
ness ; the quality that affects the senses pleasantly. 5. 
Temperateness ; moderate state. 

MILE, n. [L. mille passus ; Sax., Sw. mil ; Fr. mille.] A 
measure of length or distance. The English or statute 
mile contains 8 furlongs, 320 rods, poles, or perches, 1760 
yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. The English geographical 
mile is ^ of a degree of latitude, or about 2025 yards. The 
Roman mile was 1000 paces, equal to 1614 yards, English 
measure. The German short mile is nearly equal to 3$, 
English miles ; the German long mile to 5% English miles ; 
the Prussian and Danish miles are each about 4j^ English 
miles. The Swedish mile is about 6| English miles. 

MlLE'AGE, n. Fees paid for travel by the mile. 

MlLE'SToNE, n. A stone set to mark the distance or space 
of a mile. A post used for this purpose is called a mile-post. 

MIL'FOIL, n. [L. millefolium.] An herb ; yarrow. 

MIL'IA-RY (mil'ya-re), a. [Fr. miliaire ; L. milium.] 1. Re- 
sembling millet-seeds. 2. Accompanied with an eruption 
like millet-seeds ; as, miliary fever. 

\ MIL-ICE;, for militia. 

MIL'I-O-LlTE, n. Fossil remains of the miliola, a minute 
mollusk. 

M1L'I-TAN-CY, n. Warfare.— Montagu. [Little used.] 

MILTTANT, a. [L. militans.] 1. Fighting ; combating ; 
serving as a soldier. Spenser.— 2. The Church militant is 
the Christian Church on earth, which is supposed to be 
engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies ; thus 
distinguished from the Church triumphant, or in heaven. — 
Hooker. 

MI J /I TA-RI-LY, adv. In a soldierly manner. 

MIL'I TA-RY, a. [Fr. militaire ; L. militaris.] 1. Pertaining 
to soldiers or to arms. 2. Engaged in the service of sol- 
diers or arms. 3. Warlike ; becoming a soldier ; martial. 
4. Derived from the services or exploits of a soldier. 5. 



Conformable to the customs or rules of armies or militia. 
6. Performed or made by soldiers.— Military tenure, a ten- 
ure of land, on condition of performing military service. 

MIL'I-TA-RY, n. The whole body of soldiers ; soldiery ; mi- 
litia ; an army. — Mitford. 

MIL'I-TaTE, v. i. [L. milito.] To militate against, is to op- 
pose ; to be or to act in opposition. — Smollett. 

MI-Li"TIA (me-lish'a), n. [L.] The body of soldiers in a 
state enrolled for discipline, but not engaged in actual serv- 
ice except in emergencies. In England the militia con- 
sist of 200,000 men, who do service about twenty-eight 
days in the year. — P. Cyc. In the United States the militia 
is composed of persons between 18 and 45 years of age. 

MI-Ll"TIA-MAN, n. One who belongs to the militia. 

MILK, n. [Sax. melee ; G. milch ; D. melk.] 1. A white fluid 
or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female animals, 
and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of their 
young. 2. The white juice of certain plants. 3. Emulsion 
made by bruising seeds ; as, the milk of almonds, produc- 
ed by pounding almonds with sugar and water. 

MILK, v. t. [Sax. melcan, meolcian ; G., D. mclken.] 1. To 
draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand. 2. To 
suck; [obs.] 

MILK'-Fe-VER, n. A fever which sometimes accompanies 
the first secretion of milk in females after childbirth. 

MILK'-HEDGE, n. A shrub growing on the Coromandel 
coast, containing a milky juice. 

MILK'-LIV-ERED, a. Cowardly ; timorous.— Shak. 

MILK'-PaIL, n. A pail which receives the milk drawn from 
cows. 

MILK'-PAN, n. A pan in which milk is set 

MILK-POR'RIDGE, In. A species of food composed of 

MILK-POT'TAGE, y milk, or milk and water, boiled with 
meal or flour. 

MILK'-SCoRE, n. An account of milk sold or purchased 
in small quantities, scored or marked. 

MILK'-SICK-NESS, n. A peculiar, malignant disease, oc 
curring in some localities of the Western United States, 
and affecting certain kinds of farm- stock, and persons who 
make use of the meat or dairy products of infected cattle. 
— Farm. Encyc. 

MILK'-THIS-TLE (-this!), n. An esculent European plant 
of the thistle kind, having the veins of its leaves of a milky 
whiteness. 

MILK'-TOOTH, n. The fore-tooth of a foal, which comes 
at the age of about three months, and is cast within two or 
three years. — Farm. Diet. 

MILK'-TREE, n. A name of several trees yielding a milky 
juice, especially of those in which this juice is fit for food, 
as the cow-tree. 

MILK'-TRE'FOIL, n. A plant said to bo a cytisus. 

MILK'- VETCH, n. A plant of the genus astragalus. 

MILK-WORT, n. A plant of the genera polygala, euphor- 
bia, &c. 

MILK'-WEED, n. An herb abounding in a milky juice,, and 
having its seeds attached to a long, silky down. 

MILK'-WHITE, a. White as milk.— Dry den. 

MILK'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who sells mille 

MILKED (milkt), pp. Drawn from the breasts by the hand 

t MILK'JEN, a. Consisting of milk.— Temple. 

MILK'ER, n. One who milks. 

MILK'I-L Y, adv. After the manner of milk ; lacteally. 

MILK'I-NESS, n. Qualities like those of milk ; softness. 

MILKTNG, ppr. Drawing milk from the breasts of an am 
mal by the hand. 

MILKING, n. The act of drawing milk from the breasts of 
an animal by the hand. 

MILK'MaID, n. A woman who milks or is employed in the 
dairy ; sometimes a milk- woman. 

MILK'MAN, n. A man who sells milk. 

MILK'SOP, n. A piece of bread sopped in milk ; more usu- 
ally, a soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man. 

MILK'Y, a. 1. Made of milk. 2. Resembling milk. 3. Yield- 
ing milk. — 4. Figuratively, soft ; mild ; gentle ; timorous. 
—Shak. 

MILK'Y- WIY, n. The galaxy ; a broad, luminous path or 
circle in the heavens. 

MILL, n. [L. mille.] A money of account of the United 
States, value the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a 
dollar. 

MILL, n, [Sax. miln ; W. melin ; Ir. mcilc.] 1. A compli- 
cated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine 
particles grain, fruit, or other substance, or for performing 
other operations by means of wheels and a circular mo- 
tion. 2. The house or building that contains the machine- 
ry for grinding, &c. 

MILL, v. t. 1. To grind ; to comminute ; to reduce to fine 
particles or to small pieces. — 2. In coining, to make a 
raised impression round the edges of a piece of money to 
prevent the clipping of the coin. 3. To pass through a 
fulling-mill ; to full, as cloth. — 4. In cant language, to beat 
severely with the fists, as if in a fulling-mill. Smart. — Tc 
mill chocolate, is to froth it. See Froth. 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. VFCIOUS.— € as K; G as J : S as Z ; cH aa SH: TH as in th is. t Obsolete 



MIL 



640 



MIN 



MILL'-HORSE, n. A horse that turns a mill. 
MILL'-SIX'PENCE, n. An old English coin of 1561, being 

one of the earliest that was milled. — Douce. 
MILL'-TOOTH, n. ; pi. Mill-teeth. A grinder, dens mo- 

laris. 
MILL'-WRlGHT (-rite), n. One who constructs mills. 
MILL'COG, n. The cog of a mill-wheel.— Mortimer. 
MILL'DAM, n. A dam or mound to obstruct a water-course, 
and raise the water to an altitude sufficient to turn a mill- 
wheel. 
MJLL'POND, n. A pond or reservoir of water raised for 

driving a mill-wheel. 
MILL'RaCE, n. The current of water that drives a mill- 
wheel, or the canal in which it is conveyed. 
MILL'SToNE, n. A stone used for grinding grain. — To see 

into a millstone, to have uncommon penetration. 
MILL'SToNE-GRIT, n. A hard and coarse gritty sand- 
stone. 
MILL.ED (mild), pp. or a. Passed through a mill ; subject- 
ed to the operation of milling, as a coin ; fulled ; soundly 
beaten with the fists. 
MIL-LE-NA'RI-AN, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a thou- 
sand years ; pertaining to the millennium. 
MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN, n. A chiliast ; one who believes in Christ's 

personal reign on the earth for a thousand years. 
MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine of millenarians. 
MIL'LE-NA-RY, n. The space of a thousand years. — G. S. 

Faber. 
MIL'LE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. millenaire.'] Consisting of a thousand. 

— Arbuthnot. 
MIL-LEN'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to the millennium, ct to a 

thousand years. — Burnet. 
MIL-LEN'Nl-AL-IST, n. One who believes that Christ will 

reign on earth a thousand years ; a chiliast. 
r MIL'LEN-NIST, n. One who holds to the millennium. 
MIL-LEN'NI-UM, n. [L. mille and annus.] A thousand years ; 
a word used to denote the thousand years mentioned in 
Revelation, xx., during which period Satan will be bound, 
and holiness become triumphant throughout the world. 
During this period, as some believe, Christ will personally 
reign on earth with his saints. 
MIL'LE-PED, n. [L. mille and pes.] The wood-louse, an 

insect having many feet, a species of oniscus. 
MIL'LE-PORE, n. [L. mille and porus.] A genus of corals 
of the madrepore family, having the surface smooth, and 
perforated with very minute punctures or cells. — Dana. 
MIL'LE-PO-RITE, n. Fossil millepores. 
MILL'ER, n. [from mill.] 1. One whose occupation is to 
attend a grist-mill. 2. An insect, having wings covered, as 
it were, with white powder or flour. 
MILL'ER'S-THUMB (-thum), n. A small fish of European 

streams, the river bull-head. 
MIL-LES'IM-AL, a. [L. millesimus.] Thousandth ; consist- 
ing of thousandth parts. — Watts. 
MIL'LET, n. [Fr. millet, or mil.] A plant, or the grain of a 
plant, having a stalk resembling a jointed reed. Various 
species, natives of warm climates, are used as food, but 
the Indian millet is the most common. — 2. Millet-grass, or 
millet, a hardy grass of several species. 
MIL-LI-ARD', n. [Fr.J A thousand millions. 
MIL'LI-A-RY, a. [L. milliarium.] Pertaining to a mile ; de- 
noting a mile ; as, a milliary column. — D'Anville. 
MIL'LI-A-RY, n. Among the Romans, a milestone. 
MK/LI-GRAM, ? n. [L. mille, and Gr. ypa^na.] In the 

MIL' LI-GRAMME, 5 system of French weights and meas- 
ures, the thousandth part of a gramme, or '0154 grain, troy 
weight. 
MIL-LIL'LTER, 1 n. [L. mille, and liter.] A French meas- 
MJL'LI-Li'-TRE, > ure of capacity, containing the thou- 
sandth part of a litre. 
MIL-LIM'E-TER, ? n. [L. mille and mctrum.] A French lin- 
MIL'LI-ME-TRE, > eal measure, containing the thou- 
sandth part of a metre. 
MIL'LIN-ER, n. [Johnson supposes this word to be Milaner, 
from Milan, in Italy.] A woman who makes and sells 
head-dresses, hats, or bonnets, &c, for females. 
MIL'LIN-ER- Y, n. The articles made or sold by milliners, as 
head-dresses, hats or bonnets, laces, ribbons, and the like. 
MILLING, ppr. Grinding ; reducing to small pieces ; full- 
ing, as cloth ; stamping on the edges, as coin ; beating. 
MILLING, 7i. 1. The act or employment of grinding or 
passing through a mill. — 2. In coining, the act of making 
raised impressions on the edges of coin, or the impres 
sions thus made. Edin. Encyc. — 3. In cant language, a 
beating with the fists. 
MILLION (mllyun), n. [Fr. million ; It. milione.] 1. The 
number of ten hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand. 
[It is used as a noun or an adjective.] — 2. In common usage, 
a very great number, indefinitely. 
MILL'ION-aIRE, n. [Fr.] A man worth a million. 
MIL LION- A-RY, a. Pertaining to millions; consisting of 

millions. — Pinkerton. 
\ MILL ION.ED, a. Multiplied by millions.— Shah. 



MILLIONTH, a. The ten hundred thousandth 

MILL'ReA, In. A coin of Portugal, commonly estimateu 

MILL'REE, > at 5s. sterling, or about 108 cents ; though a 
small gold millrea of 1755 was worth only 3s. 2d. sterling. 

MILT, n. [Sax., Dan., D. milt ] 1. In anatomy, the spleen, a 
viscus situated in the left hypochondrium under the dia- 
phragm. 2. The soft roe of fishes, or the spermatic part 
of the males. 

MILT, v. t. To impregnate the roe or spawn of the female 
fish . — Johnson. 

M IL-TER, n. A male fish.— Walton. 

MILrWdRT (-wurt), n. An herb; spleenwort. 

MlME, n. 1. Among the ancients, a kind of farce or dra 
matic representation in which real characters were de 
picted. 2. An actor in such representations. 

t MlME, v. i. To mimic, or play the buffoon. See Mimic. 

t MiM'ER, n. A mimic. See Mimic. 

Mi-Me'SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, imitation of the voice or 
gestures of another. — Encyc. 

Ml-METIC, la. [Gr. iiiixtjtikoS-] Imitative ; as, the mi- 

Ml-MET'I_€-AL, 5 metic arts ; apt to imitate. 

MIM'E-TeNE, n. The mineral arseniate of lead, occurring 
in pale-yellow or brownish hexagonal crystals. 

MIM'IC, la. [L.mimicus.] 1. Imitative ; inclined to im- 

MIM'I€-AL, > itate or to ape ; having the practice or habit 
of imitating. 2. Consisting of imitation. 

MIM'IC, ^ n. 1. One who imitates or mimics ; a buffoon 

MIM'ICK, 5 who attempts to excite laughter or derision by 
acting or speaking in the manner of another. 2. A mean 
or servile imitator. 

MIM'IC, > v. t. To attempt to excite laughter or derision by 

MIM'ICK, > acting or speaking like another ; to ridicule by 
imitation. — Syn. To ape ; imitate ; counterfeit ; mock. 

MIMTG-AL-LY, adv. In an imitative or aping manner. 

MIMICKED (mim'ikt), pp. Imitated for sport. 

MIM'ICK-ER, n. One who mimics. 

MIM'ICK-ING, ppr. Imitating for sport ; ridiculing by imi- 
tation. 

MIM'IC-RY, n. Ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule. 

Ml-MOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. m/xos and y/»«0w.] A writer ot 
farces or mimes. 

Ml'NA, n. [L.] A weight or denomination of money. The 
Jewish mina was 50 shekels ; the Attic 100 drachmas. 

MI-NI'CIOUS (me-na'shus), a. [L. minax.] Threatening 
menacing. 

MI-NAC'I-TY (me-nas'e-te), n. Disposition to threaten. 

MIN'A-RET, n. [Arm. manaraton, a lantern ; W. mwn.] Iv 
Saracen architecture, a slender, lofty turret on Mohammed- 
an mosques, having a balcony, from which the people arc 
called to prayer. 

t MIN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. With threats.— Haclcet. 

* MIN'A-TO-RY, a. Threatening ; menacing. — Bacon. 

MINCE, v. t. [Sax. minsian ; W. main ; Fr. menu, mince.] 1. 
To cut or chop into very small pieces. 2. To diminish in 
speaking ; to retrench, cut off, or omit a part for the pur- 
pose of suppressing the truth ; to extenuate or palliate in 
representation. 3. To speak with affected softness ; to 
clip words ; not to utter the full sound. — Shak. 4. To 
walk with short or diminished steps. 
MINCE, v. i. 1.. To walk with short steps ; to walk with 
affected nicety ; to affect delicacy in manner. 2. To speak 
softly, or with affected nicety. 

MINCE'-PlE, In. A pie made with minced meat 

MINGED'-PIE (minst-), ) and other ingredients. 

MINCED (minst), pp. or a. Cut or chopped into very small 
pieces. 

MIN'CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces ; speaking or 
walking affectedly. 

MIN'CING-LY, adv. In small parts ; not fully. 

MIND, n. [Sax. gemind, gemynd; Dan. minde.] 1. Inten- 
tion ; purpose ; design. 2. Inclination ; will ; desire. 3. 
Opinion. 4. Memory ; remembrance. 5. The intellectual 
or intelligent power in man ; the understanding; the pow- 
er that conceives, judges, or reasons ; as, an active mind. 
6. The heart or seat of affection. 7. The will and affec- 
tion. 8. The implanted principle of grace. — Rom., vii. 

MIND, v. t. 1. To attend to ; to fix the thoughts on. 2. To 
attend to with submission. 3. To put in mind ; to remind ; 
[obs.] 4. To intend ; to mean. Chapman.— -Syn. To no- 
tice ; mark ; regard ; observe ; obey. 

t MlND, v. i. To be inclined, or disposed to incline. 

MIND'-FILL-ING, o. Filling the mind.— Mitford. 

t MIND'-STRICK-EN, a. Moved ; affected in mind. 

MIND'ED, a. Disposed ; inclined : used chiefly in com 
pounds ; as, right-minded. 

MIND'ED-NESS, n. Disposition ; inclination toward anj 
thing. — Milner. 

MIND'FUL, a. Attentive ; regarding with care ; bearing it 
mind -/heedful ; observant; regardful. 

MIND'FUL-LY, adv. Attentively; needfully. 

MIND'FUL-NESS, n. Attention ; regard ; heed fulness, 



See Synopsis. I, k , I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



itflN 



641 



MIN 



MINDING, ppr. Regarding-; heecfc jg. 

MIND'ING, ii. Regard. 

MlND'LESS, a. 1. Inattentive ; heedless ; forgetful ; negli- 
gent ; careless. 2. Not endued with mind or intellectual 
powers. 3. Stupid; unthinking. 

MINE, a., called, sometimes, a pronominal adjective. [Sax., 
Svv., Dan. min ; Goth, meins ; Fr. mon ; D. myn ; G. mein.] 
My ; belonging to me. It was formerly used before nouns 
beginning with vowels ; as, " I kept myself from mine in- 
iquity." Mine sometimes supplies the place of a noun ; 
as, your sword and mine are different in construction. 

MlNE, n. [Fr. mine.) 1. A pit or excavation in the earth, 
from which metallic ores or other mineral substances are 
taken by digging. — 2. In the military art, a subterraneous 
canal or passage dug under the wall or rampart of a forti- 
fication, where a quantity of powder may be lodged for 
blowing up the works. 3. A rich source of wealth or 
other good. 

>IlNE, v. i. 1. To dig a mine or pit in the earth. 2. To 
form a subterraneous canal or hole by scratching ; to form 
a burrow or lodge in the earth, as animals. 3. To practice 
secret means of injury. 

MlNE, v. t. 1. To sap ; to undermine ; to dig away or oth- 
erwise remove the substratum or foundation ; to ruin or 
destroy by slow degrees. 

MlNE'-DIG-GER, n. One who digs mines. 

MlN'ER, n. 1. One who digs for metals and other minerals. 
2. One who digs canals or passages under the walls of a 
fort, &c. 

MIN'ER-AL, n. [Fr., Sp. mineral.) Any natural production 
formed by the action of chemical affinities, and organized, 
when becoming solid, by the powers of crystallization. 
Rocks are aggregates of minerals. — Dana. 

MIN'ER-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to minerals ; consisting of 
minerals. 2. Impregnated with minerals. 

MIN'ER-AL-IST, n. One versed or employed in minerals. 

MIN-ER-AL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The process of forming an 
ore by combination with another substance. 2. The proc- 
ess of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant. 3. 
The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZE, v. t. 1. In mineralogy, to combine with a 
metal in forming an ore or mineral 2. To convert into a 
mineral. 3. To impregnate with a mineral substance. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZE, v. i. To go on an excursion for the ob- 
serving and collecting minerals. — Dana. [Recent.] 

MlN'ER-AL-lZUD, pp. or a. 1. Deprived of its usual proper- 
ties by being combined with another substance or formed 
into an ore. 2. Converted into a mineral. 3. Impregna- 
ted with a mineral. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ER, n. A substance which mineralizes an- 
other or combines with it in an ore. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Combining, or adapted to 
combine, with a metal in forming an ore or mineral. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Going on an excursion for min- 
erals. 

MIN-ER-AL-OdlC-AL, a. Pertaining to the science of min- 
erals. 

M.IN-ER-AL-06'I€-AL-LY, adv. According to mineralogy. 

MIN-ER-A1/0-6IST, n. One who is versed in the science 
of minerals, or one who treats or discourses of the prop- 
erties of mineral bodies. 

MIN-ER-AL'O-GY, n. [mineral, and Gr. Aoyo?.] The science 
which treats of the properties of mineral substances, and 
teaches us to characterize, distinguish, and class them ac- 
cording to their properties. 

MI-NER'VA, n. [L.] In mythology, the goddess of wisdom, 
of war, and of the liberal arts. 

MINT^-VER, n. An animal, said by Forby to be the ermine, 
or his skin ; white fur with specks of black. 

MIN"GLE (tning'gl), v. t. [Sax. mengan or mencgan.} 1. To 
mix ; to blend ; to unite in one body. 2. To mix or blend 
without order, or promiscuously. 3. To compound ; to 
unite in a mass, as solid substances. 4. To join in mutual 
intercourse or in society. 5. To contaminate ; to render 
impure ; to debase by mixture. 6. To confuse. 

MIN"GLE, v. i. To be mixed; to be united with. 

f MIN"GLE, n. Mixture ; medley ; promiscuous mass. 

MIN"GLE-MAN"GLE,?j. A medley; a hotch-potch.— Hooker. 

MI^'GLSD, pp. or a. Mixed; united promiscuously. 

MIN"GL£D-LY, adv. Confusedly.— Barret. 

MIN"GLE-MENT (ming'gl-), n. Act of mingling ; state of be- 
ing mixed. — More. 

MIN"GLER, n. One who mingles. 

MIN"GLING, ppr. Mixing ; uniting without order. 

MIN"GLING-LY, adv. In the way of mingling ; mixingly. 

MIN'IARD (min'yard), a. [Fv.mignard.) Soft; dainty. (Rare.] 

MIN'IARD-iZE, v. t. To render soft, delicate, or dainty. 

MIN1ARD-IZ.ED, pp. Rendered delicate. 
MINI-aTE, v. t. [It. miniare.] To paint or tinge with red- 
lead or vermilion. 
MIN'I-A-TED, pp. Painted or tinged with minium. 
* MIN1A-TURE (min'e-tur or min'e-a-tur), n. [It., Sp. mini- 
atura.) 1. A painting in water colors on vellum, ivory, 



or paper, with points or dots ; sometimes in oil color* 
The term is usually applied to portraits painted ou a very 
small scale, and is hence used adjectively, to denote very 
small. 2. A picture or representation in a small coin 
pass, or less than the reality. 3. Red letter ; rubric die 
tinction. 

MIN'IA-TURE (min'e-tur or min'e-a-tur), a. On a sir. til 
scale ; as, miniature representation. 

MIN'I-KIN, a. [qu. W. main.] Small ; diminutive. [£/.««< 
in slight contempt.] 

MIN'I-KIN, n. 1. A small sort of pins. 2. A darling ; a fa 
vorite. See Minion. 

MIN'IM, n. [W. main.] Literally, something exceedingly 
small. Hence, 1. A little man or being ; a dwarf. 2. One 
of a certain reformed order of Franciscans, or Minimi. 3. 
A note in music, equal to half a semibreve or two crotch- 
ets. 4. A short poetical encomium ; [obs.] 5. A small 
fish; a minnow.— -Johnson; [local.] 6. The smallest liquid 
measure ; a single drop. — Brande. 

tMIN'I-MENT, n. [from muniment.) Proof; testimony.- 
Spenser. 

MIN'I-MUM, n. [L.] The least quantity assignable in a 
given case. — Encyc. 

MIN'I-MUS, n. [L.] A being of the smallest size. 

MlN'ING, ppr. 1. Digging into the earth, as for fossils and 
minerals ; sapping. 2. a. Pertaining to or connected with 
the digging of mines ; as, mining operations. 

MlN'ING, n. The art or employment of digging mine3 

t MIN'ION (min'yun), a. Fine ; trim ; dainty. 

MIN'ION (min'yun), n. [Fr. mignon.) A favorite ; a darling , 
particularly, the favorite of a prince, on whom he lavishes 
his favors ; one who gains favors by flattery or mean adu 
lation. 

MIN'ION, n. [W. main.] A small kind of printing types in 
size between brevier and nonpareil. 

mKSK? 6 '}^ Fino, y; d,i» fil y. 

MIN'ION-ING, n. Kind treatment. — Marston. 

MIN'ION-SHIP, n. State of being a minion. 

MIN'IOUS (min'yus), n. [from L. minium.] Of the color of 
red-lead or vermilion. — Brown. 

t MIN'ISH, v. t. [L. minuo.) To lessen ; to diminish. 

MIN1S-TER, n. [L.] 1. Properly, a chief servant ; hence, 
an agent appointed to transact or manage business undei 
the authority of another. 2. One to whom a king or prince 
intrusts the direction of affairs of state. 3. A magistrate ; 
an executive officer. 4. The representative of a govern 
ment at a foreign court. 5. One who serves at the altar ; 
one who performs sacerdotal duties ; the pastor of a 
church. 6. Christ is called a minister of the sanctuary. — 
Heb., viii. 7. An angel ; a messenger of God. — Syn. Del- 
egate ; official ; embassador ; clergyman ; parson ; priest. 

MIN'IS-TER, v. t. [L. ministro.] To give; to afford; to 
supply. 

MIN'IS-TER, v. i. 1. To perform service in any office, sa- 
cred or secular. 2. To afford supplies ; to give tilings 
needful ; to supply the means of relief ; to relieve. 3. To 
give medicines. — Syn. To attend ; serve ; officiate ; ad 
minister ; contribute. 

MINIS-TERM), pp. Served; afforded; supplied. 

MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Attending for service ; attendant , 
acting at command. 2. Acting under superior authority; 
pertaining to a minister. 3. Pertaining to executive offi- 
ces, as distinct from judicial. 4. Pertaining to ministers 
of the Gospel. 5. Pertaining to ministers of state. — Syn 
Official ;_ clerical ; priestly ; sacerdotal ; ecclesiastical. 

MIN-IS-TE'Rl-AL-LY, adv. In a ministerial manner. 

MIN'IS-TER-ING, ppr. or a. 1. Attending and serving as a . 
subordinate agent ; serving under superior authority. — 
Heb., i. 2. Affording aid or supplies ; administering things 
needful. 

MIN'IS-TER-Y. See Ministry. 

MIN'IS-TRAL, a. Pertaining to a minister. [Little used. | 

MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Performing service as a minister ; at- 
tendant on service ; acting under command. 

MIN-IS-TRl'TION, n. [L. ministratio.) 1. The act of per- 
forming service as a subordinate agent ; agency ; interven- 
tion for aid or service. 2. Office of a minister ; service ; : 
ecclesiastical function. 

MIN'IS-TPtESS, n. A female who ministers. — Akenside. 

MINIS-TRY, n. [L. ministerium.] I. The office, duties, or 
functions of a subordinate agent of any kind. 2. Agency; 
service ; aid ; interposition ; instrumentality. 3. Ecclesi- 
astical profession ; agency or service of a clergyman in . 
the modern church, or of priests, apostles, and evangelists 
in the ancient ; also, the clergy taken collectively. 4. Time - 
of ministration ; duration of the office of a minister, civil 
or ecclesiastical. 5. Persons who compose the executive 
government or the council of a supreme magistrate ; the t 
body of ministers of state. 6. Business; employment. 

MIN'IS-TRY-SHIP, for ministry, is little used and nardly . 
proper. — Swift. 

MIN'I-UM, n. [L.] A beautiful deep-red coloring matter 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, t OUoleie. 
ft 5 



MIN 



642 



MIR 



much used, in the arts, obtained by slowly heating massi- 
cot, or yellow oxyd of lead. 

MINK, n. An American and European quadruped, of the 
weasel tribe, often caUed minx, living on the banks of 
streams, and exhaling, when irritated, a fetid smell. Its 
fur is somewhat valuable. 

MIN'NOCK, used by Shakspeare, is supposed by Johnson to 
be the same as minx. Qu. mimic. 

MIN'NoW, In. [Fr. menu, small.] A name applied to sev- 

MIN'oW, 5 eral species of very small fresh-water fish, 
and even to the young of larger kinds j originally and 
properly, a very small fresh-water fish of England. 

Ml'NOR, a. [L.] 1. Less ; smaller ; sometimes applied to 
the bulk or magnitude of a single object, but usually to 
amount, degree, or importance. — 2. In music, less or lower 
by a lesser semitone. — Minor key, in music, that key or 
arrangement of tones and semitones which is chiefly used 
for solemn and mournful subjects. — The minor term of a 
syllogism is that one which forms the subject of the con- 
clusion. — Asia Minor, the Lesser Asia, that part of Asia 
which lies between the Black Sea on the north and the 
Mediterranean on the south. 

Ml'NOR, n. 1. A person of either sex under age. — 2. In 
logic, that premise which contains the minor term ; it is 
the second proposition of a regular syllogism. — In hypo- 
thetical syllogisms, the categorical premise is called the 
minor. 

\ Ml'NOR- ATE, v. t. To diminish. 

Ml-NOR-A'TION, n. A lessening ; diminution. 

Ml'NOR-lTE, n. A Franciscan friar. 

MI-NOR'I-TY, n. [Fr. minorite.] 1. The state of being un- 
der age. 2. The smaller number, as distinguished from 
majority. 

Ml'NOS, n. [Gr. Mtvw?.] In classical mythology, a son of 
Jupiter and Europa, and king of Crete. He was so cele- 
brated for his justice on earth, that, after his death, he 
was appointed a judge of the infernal regions. 

MIN'O-TAUR, n. [Fr. minotaure ; L. minoiaurus.] A fabled 
monster, half man and half bull. 

MIN'STER, n. [Sax. minstre or mynster.] The church of a 
monastery, or one to which a monastery has been at- 
tached ; sometimes a cathedral church. 

MIN'STREL, n. [Fr. menetrier for menestrier ; Sp. minislril] 
The name of an order of men in the Middle Ages who sub- 
sisted by the arts of poetry and music, and sang to the 
harp verses composed by themselves or others. — Brande. 

.VIIN'STREL-SY, n. 1. The arts and occupations of min- 
strels ; instrumental music. 2. A number of musicians. 

MINT, n. [Sax. mynet ; D. munt, mint.] 1. The place where 
money is coined by public authority. 2. A place of inven- 
tion or fabrication ; as, mints of calumny. — Addison. 3. 
A source of abundant supply. 

MINT, v. t. [ Sax. mynetian. ] 1. To coin ; to make and 
stamp money. 2. To invent ; to forge ; to fabricate. 

MINT, n. [Sax. mint.] An aromatic plant of various spe- 
.cies, producing, by distillation, a highly odoriferous and 
pungent essential oil. 

MINT'-Ju'LEP, n. A drink consisting of brandy, sugar, and 
pounded ice, flavored with sprigs of mint. [Am.] 

MiNT-MAS-TER n. 1. The master or superintendent of a 
mint 2. One who invents or fabricates. 

MINTAGE, n. 1. That which is coined or stamped. — Mil- 
ton. 2. The duty paid for coining. 

MINTED, pp. Coined. 

MINT'ER, n. A coiner ; also, an inventor. 

MINTING, ppr. Coining money. 

MINT'MAN, n. A coiner ; one skilled in coining or in coins. 

MIN'U-END, n. [L. minuendus.] In arithmetic, the number 
from which another number is to be subtracted. 

MINtT-ET, n. [Sp. minueto ; Fr. menuet.] 1. A slow, grace- 
ful dance, consisting of a coupee, a high step, and a bal- 
ance. 2. A tune or air to regulate the movements in the 
dance so called ; a movement of three crotchets or three 
quavers in a bar. 

MIN'UM, n. [from W. main ; Fr. menu.] 1. A small kind of 
printing types ; now written minion. 2. A note of slow 
time containing two crotchets ; now written minim. 

MT'NUS. [L.] Less.— In algebra, the sign ( — ), denoting mi- 
nus, or less, is prefixed to negative quantities, or quanti- 
ties to be subtracted. 

MI-NuTE', a. [L. minutus.] 1. Very small or slender ; of 
very small bulk or size ; small in consequence. 2. Attend- 
ing to small things.-— Syn. Little ; diminutive ; fine ; crit- 
ical ; exact; circumstantial; particular; detailed. 

* MIN'UTE (min'it), n. [L. minutum.] 1. A small portion of 
time or duration, being the sixtieth part of an hour. — 2. In 
geometry, the sixtieth part of a degree. — 3. In architecture, 
the sixtieth part of the lower diameter of a column. 4. A 

f space of time indefinitely small. 5. A short sketch of any 
agreement or other subject, taken in writing ; a note to 
preserve the memory of any thing. 

* MIN'UTE (min'it), v. t. To set down a short sketch or 

note of any agreement or other subject in writing. 



MIN'UTE-BOOK, n. A book of short hints. 

MIN'UTE-GLaSS, n. A glass, the sand of wnich measures 
a minute. 

MIN'UTE-GUNS, n. pi. Guns discharged every minute, as 
signals of distress or mourning. 

MIN'UTE-HAND, n. The hand that points to the minutes 
on a clock or watch. 

MIN'UTE-JACK. n. Another name for Jack of the clock- 
house, or a figure that strikes the hour of a clock. — Shak. 

MIN'UTE-MEN, n. pi. Men ready for service at a minute'* 
notice ; a term used in the American Revolution. 

MIN'UTE- WATCH (-woch), n. A watch that distinguish?! 
minutes of time, or on which minutes are marked. 

MI-NuTE'LY, adv. To a small point of time, space, or mat 
ter; exactly; nicely. 

MIN'UTE-LY (min'it-ly), a. Happening every minute. 

MIN'UTE-LY, adv. Every minute ; with very little time in 
tervening. — Hammond. 

MI-NtJTE'NESS, n. 1. Extreme smallness, fineness, or sle»- 
derness. 2. Attention to small things ; critical exactness. 

MI-Nu'TIiE (-nu'she), n. pi. [L.] The smaller particulars. 

MINX, n. [qu. minnoc] 1. A pert, wanton girl. — Shak. 2. 
A she-puppy. 3. A name, in America, of two weasel-like 
quadrupeds. See Mink. 

MlN'Y, a. 1. Abounding with mines. 2. Subterraneous. 

Ml'O-CENE, a. [Gr. puuv and kolvo?.] Literally, less re 
cent. — In geology, a term applied to the middle division ot 
the tertiary strata, containing fewer fossil shells of recenl 
species than the pliocene, but more than the eocene. — Lyell 

MI-RAB'I-LE DfflTU. [L.] Wonderful to tell, or be told 

t Ml'RA-BLE, a. Wonderful.— Shak. 

MlR'A-CLE, n. [Fr. ; L. miraculum.] 1. A wonder, or won 
derful thing; a prodigy. — 2. In theology, an event or eflec 
contrary to the established constitution and course oi 
things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature ; 
supernatural event. — 3. Anciently, a spectacle or dramatj-. 
representation exhibiting the lives of the saints. 

f MIR'A-CLE, v. t. To make wonderful.— Shak. 

MlR'A-€LE-M6N"GER (-mung'ger), n. An impostor wli 
pretends to work miracles. — Hallywell. 

MI-RACU-LOUS, a. 1. Performed supernaturally, or by 
power beyond the ordinary agency of natural laws ; ef 
fected by the direct agency of almighty power. 2. Supei 
natural ; furnished supernaturally, or competent to per 
form miracles. — 3. In a less definite sense, wonderful 
extraordinary. 

MI-RACU-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. By miracle ; supernatural!} 
2. Wonderfully ; by extraordinary means. 

MI-RAC'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being effected bj 
miracle or by supernatural agency. 

MiR-A-DoR', n. [Sp.] A balcony or gallery comrrandin^ 
an extensive view. — Dryde?i. 

MI-RagE' (me-razhe'), n. [Fr.] An optical illusion, arising 
from an unequal refraction in the lower strata of the at- 
mosphere, and causing remote objects to be seen double, 
as if reflected in a mirror, or to appear as if suspended iu 
the air. It is frequently seen in deserts, presenting the ap- 
pearance of water. The Fata Morgana and looming are 
species of mirage. — Brande. 

MlRE, n. Deep mud ; earth so wet and soft as to yield to 
the feet and to wheels. 

MlRE, v. t. 1. To plunge and fix in mire ; to set or stall in 
mud. 2. To soil or daub with mud or foul matter. — Shak. 

MlRE, v. i. To sink in mud, or to sink so deep as to be- 
unable to move forward. 

MlRE, n. An ant. See Pismire. 

MIRE'-CRoW, n. The sea-crow or pewit gull 

MIR.ED, pp. Fixed or stalled in mud. 

MI-RIF'I-CENT, a. Causing wonder. 

MiR'I-NESS, n. The state of consisting of deep mud. 

t MtRK (murk), a. [Sax. mirce.] Dark. See Murky. 

MiRK'SoME (murk'sum), a. Dark ; obscure. See Murky. 

MiRK'S6ME-NESS, n. Obscurity. See Murky. 

MIR'ROR, n. [Fr. miroir.] 1. A looking-glass or spec 'ilum; 
any glass or polished substance that forms images by the 
reflection of rays of light. 2. A pattern ; an exemplar ; 
that on which men ought to fix their eyes ; that which 
gives a true representation. — 3. In architecture, a small 
oval ornament cut into deep moldings, and separated bv 
wreaths of flowers. — Elmes. 

MiR'ROR, v. t. To reflect, as in a mirror. 

t MIR'ROR-SToNE, n. A bright stone. 

MTRHOR-ED, pp. or a. Reflected, as in a mirror. 

MlR'ROR-ING, ppr. Reflecting, as in a mirror. 

MiRTH (murth), n. [Sax. mirht, myrhth.] High excitement 
of pleasurable feelings in company ; noisy gayety. — Syn 
Merriment ; joyousness ; gladness ; fun ; frolic , glee ■ 
hilarity ; festivity ; jollity. 

MiRTH'FUL, a. Merry ; jovial ; festive.— Prior. 

M1RTH'FUL-LY, adv. In a jovial manner. 

MiRTH'FUL-NESS, n. State of mirth ; tendency to mirth. 

MiRTH'LESS, a. Without mirth or hilarity. 

MIRTH'LESS-NESS, n. Absence of mirth. 



See Synopsis. A, I, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;- PRE Y ;— MAMNE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



MIS 



643 



MIS 



MIR/Y, a. 1. Aboua/ ;ing with deep mud ; full of rnire. — 
Gay. 2. Consisting ot mire. — Shak. 

MiR'ZA (mur'za), n. A common title of honor in Persia 
when it precedes the surname of an individual. When 
appended to the name, it signifies prince. — Brande. 

MIS, a prefix, denotes error, or erroneous, wrong, from the 
verb miss, to err, to go wrong, Goth, missa ; Sax mis, from 
missian, to err, to deviate or wander. 

MIS-AG-CEP-Ta'TION, n. The act of taking or understand- 
ing in a wrong sense. 

MIS-AD-VENTURE, n. 1. Ill luck ; an unlucky accident. 
2. Tn law, homicide by misadventure is when a man, doing 
a lawful act, without any intention of injury, unfortunately 
kills another. — Syn. Mischance ; mishap ; misfortune ; in- 
felicity; disaster; calamity. 

MIS-AD-VENTURJED, a. Unfortunate.— Shak. 

MIS-AD- VENTUR-OUS, a. Pertaining to misadventure.— 
Coleridge. 

MIS-AD-VIS.ED' (mis-ad-vizd'), a. Ill-advised , ill-directed. 

MIS-AF-FECT', v. t. To dislike. 

MIS-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Ill-disposed. 

MIS-AF-F1RM', v. t. To affirm incorrectly. 

MIS-AF-FIRM.ED', pp. Affirmed incorrectly. 

MIS-A.IM.ED' (mis-amd'), a, Not rightly aimed or directed. 

MIS-AL-LegE' (mis-al-lej'), v. t. To state erroneously. 

MIS-AL-LEG.ED', pp. Stated erroneously. 

MIS-AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. Erroneous statement 

MIS-AL-Ll'ANCE, n. Improper association. 

MIS-AL-LlED' (mis-al-lideO, a. Ill-allied or associated. 

M13-AL-LOT'MENT, n. A wrong allotment. 

MIS'AN-THRoPE, \n. [Gr. /.uaavdowrroS-] A hater of 

MIS-AN'THRO-PIST, 5 mankind.— Stojfc 

MIS-AN-THROP'IC, \a. Hating or having a dislike to, 

MIS-AN-THROP'I€-AL, 5 mankind. 

MIS-ANTHRO-PY, n. Hatred or dislike to mankind. 

MIS-AP-PLI-€A'TION, n. A wrong application ; an appli- 
cation to a wrong person or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PLliSD' (mis-ap-plide'), pp. Applied to a wrong per- 
son or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PLV, v. t. To apply to a wrong person or pur- 
pose. 

MIS-AP-PLyTNG, ppr. Applying to a wrong person or pur- 
pose. 

MIS-AP-PRe'CIa-TED, a. Improperly appreciated. 

MI8-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To misunderstand ; to take in a 
wrong sense. — Locke. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, vp. Not rightly understood. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HENDlNG*£pr. Misunderstanding. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, re. Wrong apprehension of one's 
meaning or of a fact. — Syn. Misconception ; misunder- 
standing; mistaking; mistake. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. By misapprehension. 

MIS-AP-PRO-PRI-A'TION, re. Wrong appropriation. 

MIS-AR-RaNgE', v. t. To arrange improperly. 

MIS-AR-RaNgJTD', pp. Arranged improperly. 

MIS-AR-RaNg'ING, ppr. Arranging improperly. 

MIS-AR-RaNGE'MENT, re. Wrong arrangement. 

MI5-AS-GRlBE'. v. t. To ascribe falsely 'or erroneously. 

MIS-AS-SlGN' (mis-as-sine'), v. t. To assign erroneously. 

MIS-AT-TEND', v. t. To disregard.— Milton. 

MIS-BE-€6ME' (mis-be-kum'), v. t. Not to become ; to suit 
ill ; not to benefit. — Addison. 

MIS-BE-€6M'ING (-kum'ing), ppr. or a. Unseemly ; unsuit- 
able ; improper ; indecorous. 

MI.^-BE-eoMTNG-LY, adv. In an unsuitable manner. 

MIS-BE-€dM'ING-NESS, re. Unbecoiningness ; unsuitable- 
ness. — Boyle. 

MIS-BE-FITTING, a. Not befitting. 

MIS-BE-GOT", I pp. or a. Unlawfully or irregularly be- 

ML9-BE-GOTTJSN, \ gotten.— Dry den. 

MIS-BE-HiVE', v. i. To behave ill ; to conduct one's self 
improperly ; often used with a reciprocal pronoun. 

.MIS-BE-HaVjBD' (mis-be-havd'), a. Guilty of ill behavior ; 
ill-bred ; rude. 

MIS-BE-Ha VTOR (mis-be-hav'yur), re. Ill conduct , improp- 
er, rude, or uncivil behavior ; misconduct. — Addison. 

MIS-BE-LIeF', n. Erroneous belief ; false religion. 

MIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. To believe erroneously. 

MIS-BE-LIe V'ER re. One who believes wrongly ; one who 
holds a false religion. — Dryden. 

MIS-BE-LIe VING, ppr. or a. Believing erroneously ; irre- 
ligious. 

MIS-BE-SEEM', v. t. To suit ill. 

MIS-BE-SEEM'ING, pp. or a. Ill-suiting. 

MIS-BE-SToW, v. t. To bestow improperly.— Milton. 

MIS-BE-STOW.ED', pp. Bestowed improperly. 

MIS-BE-SToW'ING, ppr. Bestowing improperly. 

MIS'BORN, a. Born to evil.— Spenser. 

MIS-CAL'GU-LaTE, «. t. To calculate erroneously. 

MIS-GAL'€U-L A-TED, pp. Erroneously calculated . 

MIS-€AL'€U-La-TING, ppr. Committing errors i calcu- 
lation. 

MIS-€AL-€U-La'TION, n. Erroneous calculation. 



MIS-CALL' (mis-kawl'), v. t. To call by a wrong name : to 
name improperly. 

MIS-CALL.ED' (mis-kawW), pp. or a. Misnamed. 

MIS-CALL'ING, ppr. Misnaming. 

MIS-CARRIAGE (-karri)), re. 1. Unfortunate event ot an 
undertaking; failure. 2. Ill conduct; evil or improper be- 
havior. 3. The act of bringing forth before the time, but 
so late that the young are capable of surviving. 

MIS-€AR'RI£D (-kar'rid), pp. Failed of the intended effect ; 
brought forth prematurely. 

MIS-CAR'RY, v. i. 1. To fail of the intended effect : not to 
succeed ; to be unsuccessful ; to suffer defeat. 2. To bring 
forth young before the proper time, but still at so late a pe- 
riod as to be capable of surviving. 

MIS-CAR'RY-ING, ppr. or a. Failing of the intended effect , 
bringing forth prematurely. — Hos., ix. 

MIS-CAST', v. t. To cast or reckon erroneously. 

MIS-CAST', pp. Erroneously cast or reckoned. 

MIS-CAST', re. An erroneous cast or reckoning. 

MIS-GASTING,j?p?\ Casting or reckoning erroneously. 

MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, a. Belonging to miscellanies ; of 
miscellanies. — Shaftabimj. 

ml:8lL-Ll5?Ri-AN, } »• A writel " of miscellanies. 

MIS'CEL-LANE, n. [L. misccllaneus.] A mixture of two or 
more sorts of grain : now called meslin. 

MIS-CEL-La'NE'-OUS, a. [L. misccllaneus.] Mixed ; min- 
gled ; consisting of several ldnds. — Milton. 

MIS-CEL-Ll'NE-OUS-LY, adv. With variety or mixture. 

MIS-CEL-LA'NE-OUS-NESS, re. The state of being mixed ; 
composition of various kinds. 

MIS'CEL-LA-NY, n. [Fr. miscellanies.] 1. A mass or mix- 
ture of various kinds ; particularly. 2. A book or pamphlet 
containing a collection of compositions on various sub- 
jects, or a collection of various kinds of compositions. 

t MIS'CEL-LA-NY, a. Miscellaneous.— Bacon. 

MIS-CHANCE', n. Ill luck ; ill fortune.— Syn. Misfortune , 
misadventure ; mishap : infelicity ; calamity ; disaster. 

M1S-€HAR'A€-TER-IZE, v. t. To characterize falsely or 
erroneously ; to give a wrong character to. 

MIS-CHARGE', v. t. To mistake in charging, ns an ac- 
count. 

MIS-CHiRGE', n. A mistake in charging, as an account : 
an erroneous entry in an account. 

MIS-CHARG.ED', pp. Charged erroneously. 

MIS'CHlEF (mis'chif), n. [Old Fr. meschef.] 1. Harm, 
hurt; injury; damage; detriment; evil, whether intend 
ed or not. 2. Intentional injury; harm or damage done 
by design. 3. Ill consequence ; evil ; vexatious affair. 

MIS'CHlEF, v. t_. To hurt ; to harm- ; to injure. 

MIS'CHiEF-MaK-ER, n. One who makes mischief; one 
who excites or instigates quarrels or enmity. 

MIS'CHiEF-MaK-ING, a. Causing harm ; exciting enmity 
or quarrels. — Rowe. 

MIS'CHIEV-OUS (mis'che-vus), a. 1. Making mischief : [ap- 
plied to persons.] 2. Producing injury or harm, as an act. 
3. Inclined to do harm. — Syn. Harmful ; hurtful : injuri- 
ous ; detrimental ; noxious ; pernicious ; destructive. 

MIS'CHIEV-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With injury, hurt, loss, or 
damage. 2. With evil intention or disposition. 

MIS'CHIEV-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Hurtfulness ; noxiousness. 
2. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or annoy. 

MIScH'NA (mish'na), re. The text of the Jewish Talmud 
See Mishna. 

MIS-CHOOSE' (mis-chooz'), v. t. To choose wrong ; to mako 
a wrong choice. — Milton. 

MIS-CHoS'^N, pp. Chosen by mistake. 

MIS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being mixed. 

MIS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be mixed. 

MIS-CI-TaTION, n. A wrong citation; erroneous quota- 
tion. — Collier. 

MIS-CITE', v. t. To cite erroneously or falsely. 

MIS-ClT'ED, pp. Quoted wrong. 

MIS-CLaIM', re. A mistaken claim or demand. 

MIS-GOM-PU-TITION, 11. Erroneous computation , false 
reckoning. — Clare n don. 

MIS-COM-PuTE', v. t. To compute or reckon erroneously 

MIS-COM-PuT'ED. pp. Reckoned erroneously. 

MIS-COM-PtJT'ING, ppr. Reckoning erroneously. 

MIS-CON-CeIT. See Misconception. 

MIS-CON-CeIVE'. v. t. or i. To receive a false notion or 
opinion of any thing ; to have an erroneous understanding 
of any thing. — Syn. To misapprehend ; misunderstand : 
misjudge ;_mistake. 

MIS-CON-CEIV.ED' (mis-kon-sevd'), pp. Wrongly under 
stood ; mistaken. 

MIS-GON-OeIV'INC, ppr. Mistaking; misunderstanding. 

MIS-CON-CEP'TION, re. Erroneous conception ; false opin 
ion ; wrong notion or understanding of a thing. — Syn. 
Misapprehension; misunderstanding; mistake. 

MIS-CON'DUCT. n. Wrong conduct ; ill behavior ; ill man 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOU° « ^ K ■ <\ as .f : S as Z ; cii^ SH \ TH a* in this, t Obsolete. 



MIS 



644 



MIS 



agement. Addison. — Syn. Misbehavior ; misdemeanor ; 
mismanagement. 
MIS-CON-DUCT, v. t. To conduct amiss ; to mismanage. 
MIS-CON-DUCT', v. i. To behave amiss. 
MIS-CON-DUCTED, pp. or a. Ill-managed ; badly con- 
ducted. 
MIS-CON-DUGTTNG, ppr. Mismanaging; misbehaving. 
MIS-CON-JECT'URE, n. A wrong conjecture or guess. 
MIS-CON-JECTURE, v. t. or i. To guess wrong. 
MIS-CON-JECT'URED, pp. Guessed wrong. 
MIS-GON-SE-€Ra'TION, n. Wrong consecration. 
MIS-CON-STRUCTION, n. Wrong interpretation of words 

or things ; a mistaking of the true meaning. 
MIS-CON'STRuE, v. t. To interpret erroneously either j 

words or things ; to misinterpret. — Dryden. 
MIS-CON'STRuED, pp. Erroneously interpreted. 
MIS-€ ON'STRU-ER, n. One who makes a wrong interpret- 
ation. 
MIS-CON'STRU-ING, ppr. Interpreting wrongly, 
t MIS-CON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. Cessation ; intermission. 
MIS-COR-REGT', v. t. To correct erroneously ; to mistake 

in attempting to correct another. — Dryden. 
MIS-GOR-RECTED, pp. Corrected erroneously ; mistaken 

in the attempt to correct. 
MIS-€OUN'SEL, v. t. To advise wrong.— Spenser. 
MIS-€OUN'SEL ED, pp. Wrongly advised. 
MIS-COUN'SEL-ING, ppr. Advising wrongly. 
MIS-COUNT, v. t. To count erroneously ; to mistake in 

counting. 
MIS-COUNT', v. i. To make a wrong reckoning. 
MIS-COUNT, n. An erroneous counting or numbering. 
MIS-COUNT'ED, pp. Counted erroneously. 
MIS-COUNTING, ppr. Counting incorrectly. 
fMIS'CRE-ANCE, \n. Unbelief; fake faith; adherence to 
tMIS'€RE-AN-CY, 5 a false religion.— Spenser. 
MIS'CRE-ANT, n. [Fr. mecreant.] 1. An infidel, or one who 
embraces a false faith. 2. A vile wretch ; an unprincipled 
fellow, 
t MIS-CRE-aTE', \ a. Formed unnaturally or illegitimate- 
tMIS-CRE-ATED, 5 ly ; deformed. 

MIS-CRE-A'TlVE, a. Tending to wrong creation.— Shelly. 
MIS-DITE', n. A wrong date. 
MIS-DaTE', v. i. To date erroneously. 
MIS-DaT'ED, pp. Dated erroneously. 
MIS-DEED', n. An evil deed ; a wicked action. — Syn. Mis- 
conduct ; misdemeanor ; fault ; offense ; trespass ; trans- 
gression ; crime. 
MIS-DEEM', v. t. To judge erroneously ; to misjudge ; to 

mistake in judging. — Spenser. 
MIS-DEEMED', pp. Erroneously judged. 
MIS-DEEM'ING, ppr. Judging or thinking erroneously. 
MIS-DE-MKAN', v. t. To behave ill.— Shak. 
MIS-DE-MeAN'OR, n. 1. Ill behavior ; evil conduct; mis- 
management. South. — 2. In law, an offense of a less atro- 
cious nature than a crime. It applies to all offenses infe- 
rior to felony, and also to all offenses for which the law 
has not provided a particular name. — Bouvier. Crimes 
and misdemeanors are mere synonymous terms ; but, in 
common usage, the word crime is made to denote offenses 
of a deeper and more atrocious dye, while small faults 
and omissions of less consequence are comprised under 
the gentler name of misdemeanors. — Syn. Misdeed ; mis- 
conduct^ misbehavior ; fault; trespass; transgression. 
MIS-DE-RlVE', v. t. To err in deriving. 
MIS-DE-SCRlBED', a. Erroneously described. 
MIS-DE-SERT', n. Ill desert.— Spenser. 
MIS-DE-Vo'TION, n. False devotion ; mistaken piety. 

[Rare.] 
f MIS-Dl'ET, n. Improper diet or food.— Spenser. 
MIS-DI-RECT, v. t. 1. To give a wrong direction to. 2. 

To direct to a wrong person or place. 
MIS-DI-REGTED, pp. or a. Directed wrong, or to a wrong 

person or place. 
MIS-DI-RECTING, ppr. Directing wrong, or to a wrong 

person or place. 
M1S-DI-RECTION, n. The act of directing wrongly. In 
law, an error committed by a judge in charging a jury, in 
matters of law or of fact— Bo uvier. 
fMIS-DIS-PO-Si"TION, n. Disposition to evil.— Bp. Hall. 
MIS-DIS-TIN"GUISH, v. t. To make wrong distinctions. 
MIS-DO', v. t. To do wrong ; to do amiss ; to commit a 

crime or fault. — Milton. 
MIS-Do'ER, n. One who does wrong ; one who commits a 

fault or crime. — Spenser. 
MIS-Do'ING, ppr. Doing wrong ; committing a fault or 

crime. 
MIS-Do'ING, n. A wrong done ; a fault or crime ; an of- 
fense. — L 1 Estrange. 
t MIS-DOUBT' (mis-doutf), v. t. To suspect of deceit or 

danger. — Dryden. 
t MIS-DOUBT, n. 1. Suspicion of crime or danger.— Shak. 

2. IrresoVution ; hesitation. — Shak. 
t MIS-DOUBTFUL, a. Misgiving.— Spenser. 



f MIS-DRE AD' (mis-dred'), n. Dread of evil.— Bp. Hall 
MlSE (meez), n. [Fr. mis ; Norm, mise.] 1. In law, an issue 
to be tried at the grand assize. 2. Expense ; cost. 3. A 
tax or tallage ; in Wales, an honorary gift of the people to 
a new king or prince of Wales. 
MIS-ED'U-CA-TED, a. Improperly educated.— Baxter. 
MIS-EM-PLOY', v. t. To employ to no purpose, or to a bad 

purpose. — Addison. 
MIS-EM-PLOYED' (mis-em-ployd'), pp. or a. Used to no 

purpose, or to a bad one. 
MIS-EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Using to no purpose, or to a bad 

one. 
MIS-EM-PLOY'MENT, n. Ill employment; application to 

no purpose, or to a bad purpose.- Hale. 
MIS-ENTERED, pp. Entered wrong, as an account. 
MIS-EN'TRY, n. An erroneous entry or charge, as of an 

account. 
Ml'SER, n. [L. miser.] 1. A miserable person ; one wretch- 
ed or afflicted ; [obs.] 2. A wretch ; a mean fellow. — Shak. ; 
[obs.] 3. An extremely covetous person ; a sordid wretch , 
a niggard ; one who in wealth makes himself miserable by 
the fear of poverty. 
MIS'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. miserable; L. miserabilis.] 1. Very 
unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, poverty, apprehen- 
sion of evil, or other cause. 2. Very poor ; worthless. 3. 
Causing unhappiness or misery. 4. Very poor or mean 
5. Very poor or barren. 6. Very low or despicable. — Syn 
Abject ; forlorn ; pitiable ; wretched. 
MIS'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of misery; poorness. 
MIS'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Unhappily ; calamitously. 2. Verj 
poorly or meanly ; wretchedly. 3. In misery or unhappi- 
ness. 
MIS-E-RS'RE, n. [L. have mercy.] In the Roman Catholu 
Church, the psalm commonly appointed for acts of peni 
tence, being the 51st Psalm, and commencing with this 
word. 
Ml'SER- LY, a. Very covetous. — Syn. Avaricious ; niggard 

ly ; sordid ; parsimonious ; penurious. 
MIS'ER-Y, n. [L. miseria.] 1. Great unhappiness ; extremj 
pain of body or mind. 2. Natural evils which are the caus< 
of misery. 3. Covetousness ; [obs.] — Syn. Wretchedness 
torture ; agony • torment ; anguish ; distress ; calamity 
misfortune. 
MIS-ES'TI-MaTE, v. t. To estimate erroneously. 
MIS-ES'TI-MI-TED, pp. Estimated erroneously. 
MIS-EX-PLI-€a'TION, n. Wrong explanation. 
MIS-EX-POUND', v. t. To expound erroneously.— Hooker. 
MIS-EX-PRES'SION (-presh'un), n. Erroneous expression. 
MIS-FALL', v. t. To befall, as ill luck ; to happen to unluck- 
ily. — Spenser. 
MIS-FALL'EN, pp. Happened unluckily. 
t MIS-FaRE', n. Ill fare ; misfortune. — Spenser. 
t MIS-FaRE', v. i. To be in an ill state. 
MIS-FASH'ION (mis-fash'un), v. t. To form wrong.— Hake- 
will^ 
MIS-FE A'SANCE (mis-fe'zanse), n. [Fr.] In law, a trespass; 

a wrong done. — Encyc. 
t MIS-FEIGN' (mis-fane'), v. i. To feign with an ill design. 

— Spenser. 
MIS-FORM', v. 1. To make of an ill form ; to put in an 133 

shape. — Spenser. 
MIS-FORM- a'TION, n. An irregularity of formation. 
MIS-FORMED', pp. Made of an ill shape. 
MIS-FOR'TU-NATE, a. Producing misfortune.— H. Taylor 
MIS-FOR'TUNE, n. Ill fortune ; fll luck ; an evil or cros, 
accident. Addison. — Syn. Mishap ; mischance ; misad 
venture ; iH ; harm ; calamity ; disaster. 
MIS-FOR'TUNED, a. Unfortunate.— Milton. 
MIS-GlVE' (mis-givO, v. t. 1. To fill with doubt ; to deprivf 
of confidence ; to fail ; [usually applied to the heart.] 2. Tt 
give or grant amiss : [obs.] 
MIS-GlV'ING, ppr. Filling with doubt or distrust; failing. 
MIS-GlVTNG. n. A failing of confidence ; doubt; distrust 
MIS-GOT'TEN, a. Unjustly obtained. 
MIS-G6VERN, v. t. To govern ill ; to administer unfaith 

fully. — Knolles. 
MIS-GoV'ERN-ANCE, n. Ill government ; disorder; irreg 

ularity. — Spenser. 
MIS-G6VERNED, pp. or a. 1. Ill governed ; badly admin- 
istered. 2. Rude; unrestrained. — Shak. 
MIS-G6VERN-MENT, n. 1. Ill administration of public al- 
fairs. 2. Ill management in private affairs. 3. Irregulari 
ty ; disorder. 
MIS-GRaFF', v. t. To graft amiss. 
MIS-GRaFT'ED, pp. Grafted amiss. 
MIS-GROUND', v. t. To found erroneously.— Hall. 
MIS-GUlD'ANCE, n. Wrong direction ; guidance into ei 

ror. — South. 
MIS-GUlDE', v. t. To lead or guide into error ; to direct ill. 
MIS-GUlD'ED, pp. or a. Led astray by evil counsel or 

wrong direction. — Prior. 
MIS-GUlD'ING, ppr. Giving wrong direction to ; leading 
into error. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, E ( i, &C, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE BOOK 



MIS 



645 



MIS 



MIS-GUlD'ING, n. The act of misleading. 

MIS-GUlD'ING-LY, adv. In a way to mislead. 

MIS-HAP', n. Ill chance; ill luck. — Syn. Misfortune; mis- 
chance ; accident ; disaster. 

MIS-HAP'PEN, v. i. To happen ill— Spenser. 

MIS-HeAR, v. t. To mistake in hearing. 

MIS-HEARD', pp. Heard mistakingly, or imperfectly. 

MISHMASH, n. [Teut. misch-masch.] A mingle, or hotch- 
potch. 

MISH'NA, n. [Heb.] A collection or digest of Jewish tradi- 
tions and explanations of Scripture, forming the text of 
the Talmud. 

MISH'NIC, a. Pertaining or relating to the Mishna. 

MIS-IM-PRoVE' (mis-im-prooV), v. t. To improve to a bad 
purpose ; to abuse. 

MIS-IM-PROVED' (mis-im-proovd'), pp. or a. Used to a 
bad purpose. 

MIS-IM-PROVE'MENT (mis-im-proov'ment), n. Rl use or 
employment ; improvement to a bad purpose. 

MIS-IN-FER', v. t. To draw a wrong inference. 

MIS-IN-FORM', v. t. To give erroneous information to; to 
communicate an incorrect statement of facts. 

\ MIS-IN-FORM', v. i. To make false information. 

MIS-IN-FORM- ITION, n. Wrong information ; false ac- 
count or intelligence received. — South. 

MIS-IN-FORMED' (mis-in-formd'), pp. Wrongly informed. 

MIS-IN-FORM'ER, n. One who gives wrong information. 

MIS-IN-FORM'ING, ppr. Communicating erroneous inform- 
ation to. 

MIS-IN-STRU€T', v. t. To instruct amiss.— Hooker. 

MIS-IN-STRU€TED, pp. Instructed amiss. 

MIS-IN-STRUCTION, n. Wrong instruction.— More. 

MIS-IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, n. Wrong information ; disagree- 
ment. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET, v. t. To interpret erroneously ; to un- 
derstand or to explain in a wrong sense ; to misconstrue. 

MIS-IN-TER-PRET-I'TION, n. The act of interpreting er- 
roneously. 

MIS-IN-TERTRET-ED, pp. or a. Erroneously understood 
or explained. 

MIS-IN-TERTRET-ER, n. One who interprets erroneously. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ING, ppr. Erroneously interpreting. 

MIS-JOIN', v. t. To join unfitly or improperly. — Dryden. 

MIS-JOINTDER, n. In law, the joining of several distinct de- 
mands in a declaration, which can not by law be thus unit- 
ed. — Bouvier. 

MIS-JOINED' (mis-joind'), pp. Improperly united. 

MIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining unfitly or improperly. 

MIS-JUDgE' (mis-judj'), v. t. To mistake in judging of; to 
judge erroneously. — L 1 Estrange. 

MIS-JUDgE' (mis-judjO, v. i. To err in judgment ; to form 
false opinions or notions. 

MIS-JUDgED' (mis-judjd'), pp. or a. Judged erroneously. 

MIS-JUDgTNG, ppr. Judging erroneously of; forming a 
wrong opinion or inference. 

MIS-JUDG'MENT, n. A wrong or unjust determination. 

MIS'KIN. n. A little bagpipe. 

MIS-KINTJLE, v. t. To kindle amiss ; to inflame to a bad 
purpose. 

MIS-LaID', pp. Laid in a wrong place, or place not recol- 
lected ; lost. 

MIS-LIY,' v. t. 1. To lay in a wrong place.— Locke. 2. To 
lay in a place not recollected ; to lose. — Swift. 

MIS-LaY'ER n. One who lays in a wrong place ; one who 
loses. — Bacon. 

MIS-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying in a wrong place, or place not 
remembered; losing. 

MIS'LE (miz'zl), v. i. [from mist, and properly mistle.] To 
rain in very fine drops, like a thick mist. — Gay. 

MIS-Le AD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. misled. To lead into a wrong 
way or path ; to lead astray ; to guide into error ; to cause 
to mistake ; to deceive. 

MIS-Le AD'ER, n. One who leads into error. 

MIS-LeAD'ING, ppr. Leading into error ; causing to err ; 

deceiving. 
MIS-LeAD'ING, n. A misguiding. 

f MIS-L£ARN'ED (mis-lern'ed or mis-lernd'), a. Not really 

or properly learned. 
MIS-LED', pp. of mislead. Led into error ; led a wrong way. 

MIS'LE-ToE, n. See Mistletoe. 

MIS-LlKE', v. t. or i. To dislike ; to disapprove ; to have 

aversion to. — RaUigh. — Milton. [Little used.] 
MIS-LIKE', n. Dislike; disapprobation; aversion. 
MIS-LlKED' (mis-llkf), pp. Disliked ; disapproved. 
MIS-LIK'ER, n. One who dislikes. 
MIS-LlKING, ppr. Disliking ; disapproving. 
MIS'LIN. See Me slits'. 

r MIS-LiVE' (mis-liV), v. i. To five amiss. — Spenser. 
MIS-LUCK', n. Ill luck ; misfortune. 
MIS'LY, a. Raining in very small drops. See Misle. 
MIS-MAN'AgE, v. t. To manage ill ; to administer improp- 
erly. 
MIS-MAN' AGE, v. i. To behave ill ; to conduct amiss. 



MIS-MAN'AgED, pp. Ill-managed or conducted. 

MIS-MAN'AGE-MENT, n. Ill or improper mam 
ill conduct. 

MIS-MAN'A-GER, n. One who manages UL—Bur.^. 

MIS-MAN'A-GING, ppr. Managing ill. 

MIS-MaRK', v. t. To mark with the wrong tokec to mark 
erroneously. — Collier. 

MIS-MaRKED' (mis-markf), PP- Wrongly markc.l. 

MIS-MaRK'ING, ppr. Marking erroneously. 

MIS-MATCH, v. t. To match unsuitably.— Southern. 

MIS-MATCHED' (mis-matchf), pp. Unsuitably matched 
ill joined. 

MIS-MATCHING, ppr. Matching in an unsuitable manner 

MIS-MeAS'URE (mis-mezh'ur), v. t. To measure incor- 
rectly. 

MIS-NaME', v. t. To call by the wrong name. — Boyle. 

MIS-NIMED' (mis-namd'), pp. Called by a wrong name. 

MIS-NIM'ING, ppr. Calling by a wrong name. 

MIS-No'MER, n. [Old Fr. mes and nommer.] In law, the 
mistaking of the true name of a person; a misnaming. 

t MIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. Erroneous obedience, or disobe- 
dience. — Milton. 

MIS-OB-SERVE' (mis-ob-zervO, v. t. To observe inaccu- 
rately ; to mistake in observing. — Locke. 

MI-SOG'A-MIST, n. [Gr. uioeu and ya^os.] A hater of mar- 
riage. 

MI-SOG'A-MY, n. Hatred of marriage. 

* MI-SOGT-NIST (me-soj'e-nist), n. [Gr. uicao and yvvrj.] A 

woman-hater. — Fuller. [ Unusual.] 

* MI-SOG'Y-NY, n. Hatred of the female sex. 
MIS-O-PINION, n. Erroneous opinion.— Bp. Hall. 

t MIS-OR'DER v. t. 1. To order ill ; to manage erroneous- 
ly. 2. To manage ill ; to conduct badly. — Shak. 
t MIS-OR'DER, n. Irregularity ; disorderly proceedings. 
MIS-ORTJER-LY, a. Irregular ; disorderly.— Ascham. 
MIS-OR-DI-Ni'TION, n. Wrong ordination.— More. 
MIS-PELL', MIS-PEND', <fcc. See Mis-spell, Mis-spend. 
MIS-PER-SUaDE' (mis-per-swade'), v. t. To persuade 

amiss, or to_lead to a wrong notion. — Hooker. 
MIS-PER-SUa'SION (-swa'zhun), n. A false persuasion 

wrong notion or opinion. — Decay of Bitty. 
MIS-PI€K'jEL, ii. Arsenical pyrites ; an ore of arsenic. 
MIS-PL1CE', v. t. 1. To put in a wrong place. 2. To place 

on an improper object.— South. 
MIS-PL AGED' (mis-plasf), pp. or a. Put in a wrong place, 

or on an improper object. 
MIS-PLaC'ING, ppr. Putting in a wrong place, or on a 

wrong object. 
MIS-PLICE'MENT, n. The act of putting in the wrong 

place. _ 
MIS-PLEAD', v. i. To en- in pleading. — Blackstone. 
MIS-PLSAD'ING, ppr. Making a mistake in pleading. 
MIS-PLeAD'ING, ii. A mistake in pleading. 
MIS-POINT, t 1 . t. To point improperly ; to err in punct?.i 

ation. 
MIS-POINT'ED, pp. Pointed wrong. 
MIS-POL'I-CY. n. Wrong policv; impolicy. 
MIS-PRA€'TlCE, n. Wrong practice.— More. 
MIS-PPJNT', v. t. To mistake in printing ; to print wrong. 
MIS-PRINT, ii. A mistake in printing; a deviation from 

the copy. — Ch. Obs. 
MIS-PRINTED, pp. or a. Erroneously printed. 
MIS-PRINTING, ii. The act of printing wrong ; a misprint 
MIS-PRINTING, ppr. Printing wrong. 
MIS-PRlSE', v. t. [Fr. mepris.] To mistake.— Shak. 
MIS-PRIS'ION (mis-prizh'un), n. 1. Neglect; contempt.- 

2. In law, any high offense under the" degree of capital, 

but nearly bordering thereon. — Misprision of treason con 

sists in a bare knowledge and concealment of treason. 

without assenting to it. 3. Mistake ; oversight ; con 

temptj [obs.] 
MIS-PRIZE', v. t. [mis and prize.] To slight or undervalue. 
MIS-PRO-CEED'ING, n. Wrong or irregular proceeding. 
MIS-PRO-FESS', v. t. To make a false profession ; to nrake 

pretensions to skill which is not possessed. 
MIS-PRO-NOUNCE' (mis-pro-nouns'), p. t. To prone unce 

erroneously. 
MIS-PRO-NOUNCE', v. i. To pronounce incorrectly. 
MIS-PRO-NOUNCE D', pp. Pronounced incorrectly. 
MIS-PRO-NUN-CI-a'TION, n. A wrong or improper prt» 

nunciation. — Swift. 
MIS-PRO-PoR'TION, v. t. To err in proportioning one 

thing to another ; to join without due proportion. 
MIS-PRO-PoR'TIONED, pp. Joined without due proper 

tion. % 

t MIS-PROUD', a. Viciously proud.— Shak. 
MIS-QUO-Ta'TION, n. An erroneous quotation ; the act of 

quoting wrong. 
MIS-QUoTE', v. t. To quote erroneously; to cite incor- 
rectly^ 
MIS-QUoTED, pp. Incorrectly quoted or cited. 
MIS-QUoTING, ppr. Quoting or citing erroneously. 
MIS-RaTE', v. t. To rate erroneously ; to estimate falsely. 



DC VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete. 



MIS 



646 



MIS 



MjS-RE-CeIVE', v. t. To receive amiss or improperly. 

MIS-RE-ClTAL, n. An inaccurate recital. 

MIS-RE-ClTE', v. i. To recite erroneously.— Bramhall. 

MIS-RE-ClTED, pp. Recited incorrectly. 

MIS-RE-ClTTNG, ppr. Reciting erroneously. 

MIS-RE€K'ON, v. t. To reckon or impute wrong. 

MIS-RE€K'0N.ED, pp. Reckoned or computed errone- 
ously. 

MIS-RE€K'ON-ING, ppr. Reckoning wrong ; and, as a 
noun, an erroneous computation. 

MI8-RE-LITE', v. t. To relate falsely or inaccurately. 

MIS-RE-L1TED, pp. Erroneously related or told. 

MISRE-L1TLNG, ppr. Relating or telling erroneously. 

MIS-RE-LaTION, n. Erroneous relation or narration. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BER, v. t. To mistake in remembering ; not 
to remember correctly. — Boyle. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BER.ED, pp. Inaccurately recollected. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Remembering inaccurately. 

MIS-RE-PoRT', v. t. To report erroneously ; to give an in- 
correct account of. — Locke. 

MIS-RE-PoRT, n. An erroneous report; a false or incor- 
rect account given. — South. 

MIS-RE-PoRT'ED, pp. Incorrectly reported. 

MIS-RE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Reporting incorrectly. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENT, v. t. To represent falsely or incor- 
rectly ; to give a false or erroneous representation, either 
maliciously, ignorantly, or carelessly. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENT-A'TION, n. 1. The act of giving a false 
or erroneous representation. 2. A false or incorrect ac- 
count sjiven. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENTED, pp. Falsely or erroneously repre- 
sented. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENTER, n. One who gives a false or erro- 
neous account. ■ 

MIS-REP-RE-SENTTNG, ppr. Giving a false or erroneous 
representation. 

MIS-RE-PuTE', v. t. To have in wrong estimation. 

MIS-RE-PuTED, pp. or a. Erroneously reputed. 

MIS-RuLE', n. 1. Disorder ; confusion ; tumult from in- 
subordination. — Pope. 2. Unjust domination. — Lord of 
misrule, see Lord. 

MIS-Ru'LY, a. Unruly ; ungovernable ; turbulent. 

MISS, u. [supposed by Bailey to be contracted from mis- 
tress, but probably it is from the Armoric -mcsell, a young 
lady, or contracted from Fr. demoiselle. When this title 
is applied to two or more ladies of the same name, there 
is some diversity of usage. — In conversation, we say the 
Miss Smiths ; and this was formerly the custom in writing, 
as shown in the practice of Burke, Boswell, and many 
others. Of late, it has become customary, in writing, to 
use Misses ; as, the Misses Smith ; and, although there is 
still some diversity, this may be considered as the pre- 
vailing usage. Such are the statements of the latest En- 
glish grammarians.— Ud.] 1. The title of a young woman 
or girl. 2. A kept mistress ; a prostitute retained ; a con- 
cubine.— Dry den. 

MISS, v. t. [Sax. missian ; D., Ger. missen.] 1. To fail in 
aim ; to fail of reaching the object ; not to hit. 2. To fail 
of finding the right way ; to err in attempting to find. 
3. To fail of obtaining. 4. To learn or discover that 
something is wanting, or not where it was supposed to be. 
5. To be without ; [obs.] 6. To omit ; to pass by ; to go 
without ; to fail to have. 7. To perceive the want of. 8. 
To fail of seeing or finding. 

MISS, v. i. 1. To fail to hit; to fly wide ; to deviate from 
the true direction. 2. Not to succeed ; to fail. 3. To fail ; 
to miscarry, as by accident. 4. To fail to obtain, learn, or 
find. 5. To fail ; to mistake. 

MISS, n. 1. Loss ; want. 2. Mistake ; error ; [little used.] 
3. Harm from mistake ; [obs.] 

MIS-SAID' (-sed'), pp. Said wrong. 

MIS'SAL, n. [It. messale ; Fr. missel] The Roman Catholic 
mass-book. — Stillingfieet. 

MIS-SaY', v. t. To say wrong ; to slander. — Spenser. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

MIS-SaY', v. i. To speak ill. — Spenser. 

MIS-SaYTNG, n. Wrong expression.— Milton. 

MISS.E D (mist), pp. Failed in aim or in reaching the object. 

MIS-SEEM', v. i. 1. To make a false appearance.— Spenser. 
2. To misbecome. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

MIS'SEL, > n. A singing-bird, the largest of the Eu- 

MIS'SEL-BiRD, 5 ropean thrushes. 

\ MIS'SEL-DINE, n. The mistletoe.— Barret. 

MIS-SEM'BLANCE, n. False resemblance.— Spelman. 

MIS-SEND', v. t. To send amiss or incorrectly. 

MIS-SENT', pret. and pp. of Missend. 

MIS-SERVE' (mis-serv'), v. t. To serve unfaithfully. 

MIS-SERV.E D', pp. Served unfaithfully. 

MIS-SHaPE', v. t. To shape ill ; to give an ill form to ; to 
deform.— Spenser. 

MIS-SHIPED' (mis-shaptf), \pp. or a. Ill-formed ; de- 

MIS-SHaP'£N (mis-shap'n), j formed ; ugly. 

MIS-SHIP'.EN-LY, adv. In a misshapen way. 



MIS-SHaP'JS N-NESS, n. The state of being badly shaped. 

MIS-SHaP'ING, ppr. Giving an ill shape to. 

MIS-SHeATH£D', a. Sheathed by mistake.— Shak. 

MIS'SlLE, a. [L. missilis.] Thrown or sent, or that may be 
thrown. 

MIS'SlLE, n. A term applied to any kind of weapon which 
is thrown or designed to be thrown for the injury of others. 

MISSING, ppr. 1. Failing to hit, to reach, or to find ; dis- 
covering to be wanting. 2. a. Lost ; absent from the place 
where it was expected to be found ; wanting. 

t MISS'ING-LY, adv. At intervals ; occasionally. — Stevens. 
—Shak. 

MIS'SION (mish'un), v. [L. missio.] 1. A sending or being 
sent, usually the latter ; a being sent or delegated by au- 
thority, with certain powers for transacting business. 2. 
Persons sent ; any number of persons appointed by au- 
thority to perform any service ; particularly, the persons 
sent to propagate religion. 3. A station of missionaries. 
4. Dismission ; discharge from service ; [obs.] 5. Faction ; 
party; [obs.] — Syn. Message; errand; commission; dele- 
gation; deputation. 

MIS'SION-A-RY, n. [Fr. missionaire,] One sent to propa- 
gate religion. 

MIS'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to missions. 

MIS'SION-aTE, v. i. To act as a missionary. [Not well 
authorized.] 

1 MIS'SION-ER, for missionary. 

MIS'SlVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Such as is sent. 2. Thrown or sent, 
or such as may be sent. — Dryden. 

MIS'SlVE, n. A letter sent, or a messenger. — Bacon. 

MIS-SPeAK', v. i. To err or mistake in speaking. 

MIS-SPEAK', v. t. To utter wrong. — Donne. 

MIS-SPELL', v. t. To spell wrong ; to write or utter wltii 
wrong letters. 

MIS-SPELLED' (mis-speld'), \pp. Spelled wrong, or with 

MIS-SPELT', I wrong letters. , 

MIS-SPELL'ING, ppr. Spelling wrong. 

MIS-SPELL'ING, n. A wrong spelling ; false orthography. 

MIS-SPEND', v. t. To spend amiss ; to waste or consums 
to no purpose, or to a bad one. 

MIS-SPEND'ER, n. One who consumes prodigally or im- 
properly. — Norris. 

MIS-SPEND'ING, ppr. Spending to no purpose, or to a bad 
one. 

MIS-SPENSE' (mis-spens'), n. A spending improperly; & 
wasting. 

MIS-SPENT, pp. or a. Ill-spent ; expended or consumed 
to no purpose, or to a bad one. 

MIS-SP5KE', ? TTt „ -, , 

MIS-SPoK'_EN \P p - Uttered or spoken amiss. 

MIS-STATE', v. t. To state wrong ; to make an erroneous 
representation of facts ; to misrepresent. 

MIS-STaT'ED, pp. Stated erroneously. 

MIS-STaTE'MENT, n. A wrong statement ; an erroneous 
representation, verbal or written. 

MIS-STaT'ING, ppr. Stating falsely or erroneously. 

MIS-STAYED', a. Having missed stays, as a ship. 

MIS-SUM-Ma'TION, n. Wrong summation.— Scott. 

MIST, n. [Sax., D. mist.] 1. Water failing in very numer- 
ous, but fine and almost imperceptible drops. 2. That 
which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts vision. 

MIST, v. t. To cloud ; to cover with vapor. — Shak. 

MIST, v. i. To rain in very fine drops ; as, it mists. [Am.] 

MIST-EN-€UM'BER.ED, a. Loaded with mist.— J. Barlow 

MIST'-LlKE, a. Resembling mist.— Shak. 

MIS-TAK'A-BLE, a. That may be mistaken. 

MIS-TaKE', v. t. 1. To take wrong ; to conceive or under 
stand erroneously ; to misunderstand or misapprehend 
2. To take one thing or person for another. 

MIS-TaKE', v. i. To err in opinion or judgment. 

MIS-TaKE', n. 1. An error in opinion or judgment. 2. lu 
a wider sense, an error of any kind, as of fact, statement, 
computation, &c. — Syn. Misconception ; misapprehen 
si on ; blunder ; slip ; fault ; miss ; oversight. 

MIS-TaK'-EN, pp. 1. In the use of this participle, there is a 
peculiarity which ought to be carefully noticed. When 
used of persons, it signifies to be in an error, to be wrong ; 
as, I am mistaken, you are mistaken, he is mistaken. But 
when used of things, it signifies misunderstood, miscon- 
ceived ; as, the sense of the passage is mistaken, that is, not 
rightly understood. 2. a. Erroneous; incorrect; as, a 
mistaken notion. 

MIS-TaK'EN-LY, adv. By mistake. 

MIS-TaK'ER, n. One who mistakes or misunderstands. 

MIS-TIK'ING, ppr. Making a mistake ; erring from the 
truth; misconceivins. 

MIS-TIK'ING, n. An "error ; a mistake.— Hall. 

MIS-TAKTNG-LY, adv. Erroneously ; falsely.— Boyle. 

MIS-TAUGHT (-tawf), pp. Wrongly taught.— L' Estrange. 

MIS-TeACH', v. t. To teach wrong ; to instruct erroneous 
ly. — Sanderson. 

MIS-TeACH'ING, ppr. Instructing erroneously. 

MIS-TELL', v. t. To tell erroneously. 



Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, t, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



MIS 



647 



MIX 



MIS-TEMTER, v. t. To temper ill ; to disorder. 

MIS-TEM'PERED, pp. Tempered ill. 

MIS'TER, n. [The pronunciation of this word is probably 
from the Welsh, German, or Dutch dialect. See Master.] 
The common tide of address to gentlemen, and to men 
of all classes. In writing, it is expressed by the abbrevia- 
tion Mr. . 

MIS'TER, v. t. [Sw. mista.] To be needful or of use ; as, 
" it mistreth not to tell." — Spenser. 

MIS-TERM', v. t. To term or denominate erroneously. 

MIS-TERMED' (mis-term d 7 ), pp. Wrongly denominated. 

MIS-TERM'ING, ppr. Denominating erroneously. 

MIST'FUL, a. Clouded with mist. 

MIST: i INK', v. i. To think wrong.— Shak. [Little used.] 

MIST H OUGHT (-thawr"), pp. ofmisthink. Thought wrong of. 

MISTl-LY, adv. With mist ; darkly ; obscurely. 

MIS-TlME', v. t. To time wrong ; not to adapt to the time. 

MIS-TlME', v. i. To neglect the proper time. 

MIS-TlME D' (mis-timd'), pp. or a. Bl-timed ; done at a 
wrong time ; unseasonable ; inappropriate. 

MIS-TlM'ING, ppr. Rl-timing ; doing unseasonably. 

MISTI-NESS, n. A state of being misty ; a state of thick 
rain in very small drops. — Bacon. 

RIIS'TION (mis'chun), n. [L. mistus, mixtus.] 1. A state of 
being mixed. 2. Mixture ; a mingling. — Boyle. 

MIS-Tl'TLE, v. t. To call by a wrong title or name. 

MISTl'TLED, pp. Wrongly named. 

MIS'TLE (mizl), v. i. To fall in very fine drops, as rain. 
See Misle. 

MISTLE-ToE } (miz'zl-to), n. [Sax. mistelta.] A plant or 

MISXE-ToE 5 shrub that grows on trees, and was held 
hi great veneration by the Druids. 

MI8T5LD', pp. Erroneously told. See Tell. 

MIS-TOOK', pret. of mistake. • 

MIS-TRaIN', v. t. To train or educate amiss. 

MIS-TRANS-LXTE', v. t. To translate erroneously. 

MISTRANS-LaTED, pp. Erroneously rendered into an- 
other language. 

MIS-TRANS-LaTTNG, ppr. Translating incorrectly. 

MISTRANS-La'TION, n. An erroneous translation or ver- 
sion. 

MISTREAT, v. t. To treat amiss ; to abuse. 

MIS'TRESS,?i. [Fr. maitresse ; It. maestra, maestrcssa.] 1. A 
woman who governs. 2. The female head of a family. 
3. Figuratively, that which governs ; a sovereign. 4. One 
who commands or has possession and sovereignty. 5. A 
female who is well skilled in any thing ; as, mistress of 
grammar. 6. A woman teacher ; an instructress of a 
school. 7. A woman beloved and courted. — Clarendon. 
8. A woman in keeping for lewd purposes. 9. A term of 
contemptuous address. — Shak. 

MISTRESS, v. t. To wait upon a mistress ; to be courting. 

MISTRESS-PIeCE, n. Chief ornament; capital distinc- 
tion, as applied to a woman. — Lord Herbert. 

MISTRESS-SHIP, n. Female rule or dominion. 

MIS-TRl'AL, n. In laic, a trial which is erroneous through 
some defect in the process or the triers. — Bouvier. 

MIS-TRUST', n. [Dan. mistrust.] Want of confidence or 
trust ; suspicion. — Milton. 

MIS-TRUST, v. t. [Dan. mistroer.] To suspect ; to doubt ; 
to regard with jealousy or suspicion. 

MIS-TRUSTED, pp. Suspected. 

MIS-TRUSTFUL, a. Suspicious; doubting; wanting con- 
fidence in. — Waller. 

MIS-TRUSTFUL-LY. adv. With suspicion or doubt. 

MISTRU8TFUL-NESS, n. Suspicion ; doubt. 

MIS-TRUSTING, ppr. Suspecting ; having no confidence in. 

MIS-TRUSTTNG-LY, adv. With distrusf or suspicion. 

MIS-TRUSTLESS, a. Unsuspecting; unsuspicious. 

MIS-TuNE', v. t. To tune wrong or erroneously ; to put 
out of tune. — Skelton. 

MIS-TuNED', pp. Put out of tune. 

\ MIS-TURN', ». t. To pervert. 

MIS-TuTOR, v. t. To instruct amiss. 

MIS-Tu'TORED, pp. Instructed amiss. 

MIST'Y, a. 1. Overspread with mist ; filled with very mi- 
nute drops of rain. 2. Dim ; obscure ; clouded. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND', v. t. To misconceive; to mistake; 
to take in a wrong sense. — Addison. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, ppr. Mistaking the meaning. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, n. 1. Misconception; misap- 
prehension; mistake of the meaning; error. — Bacon. 2. 
Disagreement ; difference ; dissension. — Swift. 

MIS-UN-DER-STOOD', pp. Misconceived ; mistaken ; un- 
derstood erroneously. — South. 

MIS-US'AgE (mis-yu'zaje), n. Rl usage ; abuse. 

MIS-USE' (mis-yuze'), v. t. [Fr. mesuser.] 1. To treat or use 
improperly ; to use to a bad purpose. — Milton. 2. To 
treat ill or unkindly. — Syn. To maltreat ; abuse ; misem- 
ploy; misapply. 

MIS-USE' (mis-yuse'), n. 1. Rl treatment ; improper use ; 
employment to a bad purpose. 2. Abuse ; ill treatment 
3. Wrong application ; misapplication ; erroneous use. 



MIS-USED' (mis-yuzd'), pp. or a. Improperly used or af) 
plied ; misapplied ; misemployed ; abused 

MIS-US'ER, n. In law, an unlawful use of a right, or a neg 
lect of using it in a proper manner. — Bouvier. 

MIS-US'ING (mis-yuz'ing), ppr. Using improperly; abus 
ing; misapplying. 

MIS-VOUCH', v. t. To vouch falsely. 

t MIS-WEaR', v. t. To wear ill.— Bacon. 

MIS- WED', v. t. To wed improperly. 

MIS-WEDDED, pp. Ill-matched. " 

MIS-WEEN', v. i. To misjudge ; to distrust —Spenser. 

t MIS-WEND', v. i. To go wrong.— .Spenser. 

MIS- WRITE', v. t. To write incorrectly.— Bp. Cosin. 

MIS-WROUGHT (mis-rawf), a. Badly wrought. 

MIS-YoKE', v. t. To yoke improperly.— Milton. 

MIS-YoKED' (-yokf), pp. Improperly yoked. 

MIS-YoK'ING, ppr. Yoking improperly. 

MIS-ZeAL'OUS (mis-zel'us), a. Actuated by false ztsu 

MlTE, ii. [Sax. mite ; Fr. mite.] 1. A very small insect, oi 
the genus acarus. — 2. In Scripture, a small piece of mouoy, 
the quarter of a denarius, or about seven English fan hinge 
3. Any thing proverbially very small ; a very little \ r.rticle 
or quantity. 4. The twentieth part of a grain. 

MI-TEL'LA, n. An herb or genus of herbs, of the saxifrage 
tribe. 

MITER, ) n. [It., Sp. mitra; Fr. mitre.] 1. A crown or pon- 

Ml'TRE, 5 tifical ornament worn on the head by archbish- 
ops and bishops, and sometimes by abbots on solemn oc- 
casions. — 2. In architecture, an angle of 45 degrees. — 3. In 
Irish history, a sort of base money or coin. — 4. Figurative- 
ly, the dignity of an archbishop or bishop ; sometimes of 
an abbot. 

Ml'TER, ? v. t. 1. To adorn with a mitre. 2. To unite at 

Ml'TRE, 5 an angle of 45 degrees. 

MiTER-BOX. \n. A frame for cutting off any thing at an 

METRE-BOX, i angle of 45 degrees.— Buchanan. 

METERED, 1pp. or a. 1. Wearing a mitre. 2. Honored 

Ml'TRED, ) with the privilege of wearing a mitre. 3. 
Cut or joined at an angle of 45 degrees. 

MITH'IC. &c Mythic. 

MITH'RI-D aTE, ii. In pharmacy, an antidote against poison 
It takes its name from Mithridatcs, king of Pontus, the 
supposed inventor. 

MITH-RI-DAT'€, a. Pertaining to mithridate, or to it3 in- 
ventor, Mithridates. 

MITI-GA-BLE, a. That may be mitigated.— Barrow. 

MITI-GANT, a. [L. mitigans.] 1. Softening ; lenient ; len 
itive. 2. Diminishing ; easing, as pain. 

MITI-GaTE, v. t. [L. mitigo.] 1. To alleviate, as suffering; 
to assuage ; to lessen ; to allay. 2. To make less severe. 
3. To abate ; to make less rigorous ; to moderate. 4. Tc 
temper ; to moderate ; to soften in harshness or severity. 
5. To calm ; to appease ; to moderate ; to soothe. 6. To 
diminish ; to render more tolerable. 7. To reduce in 
amount or severity. 8. To soften, or make mild and ac- 
cessible ; [in a literal sense ; rare.] 

MITI-Ga-TED, pp. or a. Softened ; alleviated ; moderated ; 
diminished. 

MIT'I-Ga-TING. ppr. or a. Softening ; alleviating ; temper- 
ing ; moderating ; abating. 

MIT-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. mitigatio.] Alleviation ; abatement 
or diminution of any thing painful, harsh, severe, afflictivCi 
or calamitous. 

MITI-GA-TiVE, a. Lenitive ; tending to alleviate. 

MITI-Ga-TOR, n. He or that which mitigates. 

MlTRAL, a. Pertaining to a mitre ; resembling a mitre ; 
as, the mitral valves of the left ventricle of the heart. 

Ml'TRE. See Miter. 

MIT'RI-FORM, a. In botany, conical, hollow, and open at 
the base.— P. Cyc. 

MITTEN, n. [Fr. mitaine.] 1. A cover for the hand, worn 
to defend it from cold or other injury ; differing from a 
glove in not having a separate portion for each finger. 2. 
A cover for the hand and arm only, and not for the fingers. 
— To handle without mittens, to treat roughly ; [a colloquial 
phrase] 

IMITTENT, a. [L. mittens.] Sending forth ; emitting. 

MITTl-MUS, n. [L. we send.] 1. In "law, a warrant from 
jujfice of commitment to prison. 2. A writ for removing 
records from one court to another. 

MITTS, n.pl. Mittens ; particularly, a coveringfor the hand 
or arm only, and not for the fingers. — M'Culloch. 

Mi'TU, n. A fowl of the turkey kind, found in Brazil. 

MlTY, a. [from mite.] Having or abounding with mites. 

MIX, v. t. ; pret. and pp. mixed, or mixt. [Sax. miscan ; G. 
mischen; L. misceo, mixtion.] 1. To unite or blend pro- 
miscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or com- 
pound. 2. To join ; to associate , to unite with in com- 
pany. 3. To join ; to mingle. 4. To unite with a crowd 
or multitude. 

MIX, v. i. 1. To become united or blended promiscuously 
in a mass or compound. 2. To be joined or associated. 

MIX'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mixed. 



D6VE;— BIJLL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; cH as SH, TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MOC 



648 



MOD 



MIXED (mikst), pp. 1. United in a promiscuous mass or 
compound ; blended ; joined ; mingled ; associated. 2. a. 
Promiscuous ; consisting of various kinds or different 
things. 

MIX'ED-LY, adv. In a mixed manner. 

MIX'jEN, n. A compost heap. — Farm. Encyc. 

MIX'ER, n. One who mixes or mingles. 

MIXING, ppr. Uniting or blending in a mass or compound ; 
joining in company ; associating. 

MIX-TI-LIN'E-AL, ? a. [L. mixtus and linea.] Containing a 

MIX-TI-LIN'E-AR, 5 mixture of lines, part straight and 
part curved ; as, a mixtilinear angle, i. e., an angle con- 
tained by a straight line and a curve. 

MIXTION (miksfyun), n. [Fr. ; L. mixtus.] Mixture ; pro- 
miscuous assemblage. — Brown. 

MIXT'LY, adv. With mixture.— Bacon. 

MIXTURE (miksf yur), n. [L. mixtura.] 1. The act of mix- 
ing, or state of being mixed. 2. A mass or compound, 
consisting of different ingredients blended without order. 
3. The ingredient added and mixed. — 4. In pharmacy, a 
liquid medicine. — 5. In chemistry, the blending of several 
ingredients without an alteration of the substances. In 
strict combination, the substances unite by chemical at- 
traction, and, losing their distinct properties, they form a 
compound differing in its properties from either of the in- 
gredients. — Syn. Union; association; admixture; inter- 
mixture ; medley. 

MIZ'MIZE, n. A cant word for a maze or labyrinth. — Locke. 

MIZ'Z.EN (miz'n), n. [It. mezzana.] In sea language, the 
aftermost of the fixed sails of a ship. 

MIZ'ZEN-MaST, n. The mast which supports the after- 
sails, and stands nearest to the stern. 

MIZ'ZLE, v. i. To rain in very fine drops.— Spenser. 

MIZ'ZLING, ppr. or a. Falling in very fine drops ; as, a 
mizzling rain. — Spenser. 

MIZ'ZY, n. A bog or quagmire. — Ainsworth. 

MNE'MON'IG (ne-mon'ik), a. Assisting the memory. 

MNE-MON'IGS, n. [Gr. ixvijixovikos.] The art of memory ; 
precepts and rules for assisting the memory. 

MNE-MOS'Y-NE (ne-mos'e-ne), n. [Gr.] In mythology, the 
goddess of memory. 

MNE'MO-TEGH-NY, n. [Gr. nvrjuwv and Texvr;.] Mnemonics. 

fMo, a. or adv. [Sax. ma; Scot, ma.] More. — Spenser. 

Mo AN, v. t. [Sax. manan.] To lament ; to deplore ; to be- 
wail with an audible voice. 

MoAN, v. i. To make lamentations. — Syn To grieve ; la- 
ment ; mourn ; sorrow ; groan. 

Mo AN, n. Lamentation; groan, audible expression of sor- 
row or suffering ; grief expressed in words or cries. 

MoAN-ED, pp. Lamented; deplored. 

MoAN'FUL, a. Sorrowful ; expressing sorrow. 

MoAN'FUL-LY, adv. With lamentation. 

MoAN'ING, ppr. Lamenting ; bewailing. 

M5AT, n. [It. mota ; Fr. motte.] In fortification, a ditch or 
deep trench round the rampart of a castle or other forti- 
fied place. 

MoAT, v. t. To surround with a ditch for defense. 

MOB, ii. [from L. mobilis.] 1. A crowd or promiscuous 
multitude of people, rude, tumultuous, and disorderly. 2. 
A disorderly assembly. 3. A kind of female undress for 
the head. — Johnson. 

MOB, v. t. 1. To attack in a disorderly crowd ; to harass 
tumultously. 2. To wrap up in a cowl or vail. 

MOBBJED, pp. Attacked by a disorderly crowd. 

MOB'BING, ppr. Attacking in a disorderly crowd. 

MOB'BISH, a. Like a mob ; tumultuous ; mean ; vulgar. 

MOB'GAP, n. [D. mop.] A plain cap or head-dress for fe- 
males. 

*tMo'BiLE, a. [Fr.] Movable.— Skelton. 

* Mo'BlLE, n. [Fr. ; L. mobilis.] The mob ; the populace. 
— South. 

MO-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mobilite ; L. mobilitas.] 1. Suscepti- 
bility of motion ; capacity of being moved. 2. Aptitude 
to motion ; activity ; readiness to move. — 3. In cant lan- 
guage, the populace. 4. Fickleness ; inconstancy. 

MOB'LE (mob^l), v. t. To wrap the head in a hood. — Shah. 

MOB'LJED, pp. or a. Muffled ; covered with a coarse or 
careless head-dress. — Shah — Toone. 

MOC'CA-SIN, n. [An Indian word.] 1. A shoe or cover for 
the feet, without a sole ; the customary shoe worn by the 
American Indians, usually made of deer-skin. 2. A poison- 
ous water serpent of the southern United States. 

Mo'GHA-SToNE, n. [from Mocha.] Dendritic agate, a min- 
eral containing in its interior various ramified forms like 
vegetable filaments. 
MOCK, v. t. [Fr. moquer.] 1. To imitate in contempt or de- 
rision. 2. To laugh at ; to treat with scorn or contempt. 
3. To subject to disappointment, as one's expectations. 4. 
To play on in contempt. — Syn. To mimic ; ape ; deride ; 
ridicule ; jeer ; taunt ; illude ; fool ; tantalize ; disappoint ; 
deceive; defeat. 
MOCK, v. i. To make sport in contempt or in jest, or to 
speak jestingly. 



MO€K, n. I. Ridicule ; derision ; sneer ; an act manifesting 
contempt 2. Imitation ; mimicry ; [little used.] 

MO-GK, a. False ; counterfeit ; assumed ; imitating reality, 
but not real. 

MQGK'-LeAD, } n. A sulphuret of zinc, the same as blende, 

MOGK'-oRE, J which see. 

MOCK'-OR'ANGE, n. A shrub of the syringa kind. 

MOGK'-PRIV'ET, n. A shrub of the genus phillyrea. 

MO€K'A-BLE,a. Exposed to derision. — Shah. [Little used.\ 

t MOCK'AGE, ii. Mockery.— Elyot. 

MOCKED (mokt), pp. Imitated or mimicked in derision , 
laughed at ; ridiculed ; defeated ; illuded. 

MOGK'ER, n. 1. One who mocks ; a scorner ; a scoffer ; a 
derider.— South. 2. A deceiver ; an impostor. 

MOGK'ER- Y, n. 1. The act of deriding and exposing to con- 
tempt, by mimicking the words or actions of another. 2. 
Derision ; ridicule ; sportive insult or contempt ; con- 
temptuous merriment at persons or things. 3. Sport; 
subject of laughter. 4. Vain imitation or effort ; that which 
deceives, disappoints, or frustrates. 5. Imitation ; coun- 
terfeit appearance ; false show. 

MOCKING, ppr. Imitating in contempt ; mimicking ; ridi- 
culing by mimicry; treating with sneers and scorn ; de- 
feating; deluding. 

MOCKING, n. Derision ; insult. 

MOGK'ING-BiRD (-burd), n. An American singing-bird ol 
the thrush kind, remarkable for its exact imitations of the 
notes of other birds. 

MOC KING-STOCK, n. A butt of sport. 

MOCK'ING-LY, adv. By way of derision ; in contempt. 

MOGK'LE (mokl). See Mickxe. 

Mo'CO, n. A South American rodent quadruped, allied to 
the Guinea pig. 

Mo'DAL, a. Consisting in mode only ; relating to form ; 
having the form without the essence or reality. 

MO-DAL'I TY, n. The quality of being modal, or being in 
form only. 

MoDE, n. [Fr. mode ; L. modus ; Sp., It. modo.] 1. Manner 
of existing or being ; manner ; method ; form ; fashion , 
custom; way; course. 2. Gradation; degree. — Pope. 3. 
State ; quality. Shak. — 4. In metaphysics, that wiiich can 
not subsist in and of itself, but inheres in some substance, 
hence called its subject. Watts. — 5. In ancient music, the 
order of the sounds forming what may be called, in mod- 
ern language, the different scales. — In vioanrn music, a 
scale of intervals, or keys. P. Cyc. — 6. In grammar, a par- 
ticular manner of conjugating verbs ; usually, though un- 
fortunately, written mood. [See Mood.] 7. A kind of silk. 

MOD'EL, n. [Fr. modelle.] 1. A pattern of something to be 
made ; any thing of a particular form, shape, or construe 
tion intended for imitation ; a small pattern ; a form in 
miniature. 2. A mold ; something intended to give shape 
to castings. 3. Pattern ; example. 4. Standard ; that by 
which a thing is to be measured. — 5. In painting and sculpt- 
ure, that which is to be copied or imitated. 6. A pattern, 
any thing to be imitated. 7. A copy ; representation , 
something made in imitation of real life. 

MOD'EL, v. t. [Fr. modeler.] To form or plan in a particu- 
lar manner ; to shape ; to imitate in planning or forming. 

MOD'EL, v. t. or i. In the ./me arts, to make a pattern from 
which some work is to be executed. Also, to form a work 
of some plastic material ; as, to model in wax. 

MOD'ELED, pp. Formed according to a model ; planned ; 
shaped ; formed. 

MOD'EL-ER, n. A planner ; a contriver. — Spectator. 

MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Forming according to a model ; plan- 
ning; forming; shaping. 

MOD'EL-ING, n. In the fine arts, the making of a mode! 
from which a work of art is to be executed. Also, the 
formation of a work of art from some plastic material ; as, 
the modeling of a countenance in wax.— Brande. 

MO-De'NA, n. A crimson-like color. — Good. 

MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. moderatus.] 1. Literally, limited ; re- 
strained ; hence, temperate ; observing reasonable bounds 
in indulgence. 2. Limited in quantity ; not excessive or 
expensive. 3. Restrained in passion, ardor, or temper; 
not violent. 4. Not extreme in opinion. 5. Placed be- 
tween extremes ; holding the mean or middle place. 6. 
Temperate ; not extreme, violent, or rigorous. 7. Of a 
middle rate ; middling. 8. Not swift. 

MOD'ER-ITE, v. t. 1. To keep within bounds ; to restrair 
from excess of any kind ; to reduce from a state of viq 
lence. 2. To make temperate. — Syn. To regulate ; miti- 
gate ; temper ; qualify ; repress ; abate ; lessen ; allay ; still 
appease ; pacify ; quiet. 

MOD'ER-ITE, v. i. 1. To become less violent, severe, rig 
orous, or intense. 2. To preside in a meeting.— Smart. 

MOD'ER-A-TED, pp. Reduced in violence, rigor, or intensi 
ty ; allayed ; lessened ; tempered ; qualified. 

MOD'ER-ATE-LY. adv. 1. Temperately; mildly; without 
violence. 2. In a middle degree ; not excessively. 

MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being moderate ; temper 
ateness ; a middle state between extremes. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I. &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE. BOOK, 



MOD 



649 



MOL 



MOD'ER-I-TING, ppr. Reducing in violence or excess ; al- 
laying ; tempering ; becoming more mild ; presiding. 

MOD-ER-X'TION, n. [L. moderation 1. The state of being 
moderate, or of keeping a due mean between extremes 
or excess of violence. 2. Restraint of violent passions or 
indulgence of appetite. 3. Calmness of mind. 4. Frugal- 
ity in expenses. — Syn. Temperance ; forbearance ; equa- 
nimity ; sobriety. 

MOD-ERA' TO. [It.] In music, denoting movement be- 
tween andante and allegro. 

MOD'ER-a-TOR, n. 1. He or that which moderates or re- 
strains. 2. The person who presides over a meeting or 
assembly of people to preserve order, and regulate the 
proceeding*.— -3. In the English universities, one who su- 
perintends the exercises and disputations in philosophy, 
and the examinations for the degree of B. A. — Cam. Cal. 

MOD-ER-a'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a moderator. 

AlOD'ERN, a. [Fr. moderne ; It, Sp. moderno.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to the present time, or time not long past ; not ancient 
or remote in past time. 2. Common ; mean ; vulgar ; 
[o&sj — Syn. Late ; recent ; fresh ; new. 

MOD'ERN, n. A person of modern times ; opposed to an 
ancient. The moderns are those of modern nations, or of 
nations which arose out of the ruins of the empires of 
Greece and Rome, the people of which are called the an- 
cients.— Smart. 

MOD'ERN-ISM, n. Modern practice ; something recently 
formed, particularly in writing. — Swift. 

MOD'ERN-IST, n. One who admires the moderns. 

MOD'ERN-lZE, v. t. To render modern ; to adapt ancient 
compositions to modern persons or things, or, rather, to 
adapt the ancient style or idiom to modern style and 
taste. 

MOD'ERN-iZjBD, pp. or a. Rendered conformable to mod- 
ern usage or style. 

MOD'ERN-iZ-ER, n. He who renders modem. 

MOD'ERN-lZ-ING, ppr. Rendering modern. 

I MOD'ERN-LY, adv. In modern times.— Milton. 

MOD'ERN-NESS, n The quality of being modern ; recent- 
ness ; novelty. 

MOD'EST, a. [Fr. modeste ; L. modestus.] 1. Properly, re- 
strained by a sense of propriety ; hence, not forward or 
bold ; not presumptuous or arrogant ; not boastful. 2. 
Not loose ; not lewd. 3. Moderate ; not excessive or ex- 
treme ; not extravagant ; as, a. modest computation. Addi- 
son. — Syn. Reserved ; unobtrusive ; diffident ; bashful ; 
coy ; shy ; decent ; becoming ; chaste ; virtuous. 

MOD'EST-LY, adv. 1. Not boldly ; not arrogantly or pre- 
sumptuously ; with due respect. 2. Not loosely or wan- 
tonly ; decently. 3. Not excessively ; not extravagantly. 

MOD'EST-Y, n. [L. modestia.] 1. That lowly temper which 
accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and 
importance. 2. Modesty, as an act or series of acts, con- 
sists in humble, unobtrusive deportment. 3. Moderation ; 
decency. Shak. — 1. In females, modesty has the like char- 
acter as in males ; but the word is used also as synonv- 
mous with chastity, or purity of manners. 

MOD'EST- Y-PIeCE, n. A narrow lace worn by females 
over the bosom.— Addison. 

MODl-CUM, n. [L.] A little ; a small quantity.— Dryden. 

MOD'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be modified or diversified 
by various forms and differences. — Locke. 

MOD'I-FI-€aTE, v. t. To qualify.— Pearson. 

MOD-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of modifying, or giving to 
any thing new forms, or differences of external qualities 
or modes. 2. Particula; form or manner. 

MODI-Fl-ED, pp. or a. 1. Changed in form or external 
qualities; varied; diversified. 2. Moderated; tempered; 
qualified in exceptionable parts. 

MOD'I-Fl-ER, n. He or that which modifies. 

MOD'I-Fy, v. t. [Fr. modifier ; L. modificor.] 1. To change 
the form or external qualities of a thing ; to shape ; to 
give a new form of being to. 2. To vary ; to give a new 
form to any thing'. 3. To moderate ; to qualify ; to reduce 
in extent or degree. 

■VIOD'I-FY, v. i. To extenuate. — L'Estrange. 

MOD'I-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Changing the external qualities ; 
giving a new form to ; moderating. 

MO-DIL'LION (mo-dil'yun), n. [It. modiglione ; Fr. modil- 
lon.] In architecture, a projecting bracket under the coro- 
na of the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite columns. 

Mo'DI-O-LAR, a. Shaped like a bushel measure. — Smart. 

Mo'DISH, a. According to the mode or customary man- 
ner ; fashionable. — Dryden. 

Mo'DISH-LY, adv. Fashionably; in the customary mode. 

MoT>ISH-NESS, n. 1. The state of being fashionable. 2. 
Affectation of the fashion. — Johnson. 

MODIJ-LaTE, v. t. [L. modulor.] 1. To form sound to a 
certain key, or to a certain proportion. 2. To vary or in- 
flect sound in a natural, customary, or musical manner. 

MOD U-LA.-TED,.pp. or a. Formed to a certain key ; varied ; 

inflected. __ 

OOVE ;- B^LL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS7— € as 



MOD'U-La-TING, ppr. Forming to a certain proportion 
varying ; inflecting. 

MOD-U-La'TION, n. [L. modulatio ; Fr. modulation.] 1 
The act of forming any thing to a certain proportion. 2 
The act of inflecting or varying the voice in reading oi 
speaking ; a rising or falling of the voice. — 3. In music, the 
diversified and proper change of the key or mode in con- 
ducting the melody. — In a narrower sense, it is the transi- 
tion from one key to another. — Encyc. Am. 4. Sound mod- 
ulated; melody. 

MODIJ-La-TOR, n. He or that which modulates. 

MOD'HLE, n. [Fr. ; L. modulus.] 1. A model or representa- 
tion. — 2. In architecture, a certain measure or size, takerj at 
pleasure, for regulating the proportion of columns and tb'r 
symmetry or disposition of the whole building. Usually, 
the semi-diameter of the lower part of the shaft of the col 
umn, sometimes the diameter, is taken as the module. 

MODTEJLE, v. t. To model ; to shape ; to modulate. [Rare.] 

MOD'U-LUS, n. [L.] In analysis, the constant coefficient or 
multiplier in a function of a variable quantity, by means 
of which the function is accommodated to a particular 
system or base ; as, the modulus of a system of logarithms. 
— Brande. 

Mo'DUS. n. [L.] A compensation for tithes ; an equivalent 
given to a parson or vicar, by the owners of land, in lieu 
of tithes. 

MO'DUS OP-E-RAN'DT. [L.] Manner of operating. 

MOD'WALL, n. A bird that destroys bees.— Smart. 

MoE, n. A distorted mouth. Also, as a verb, to make 
mouths. — Shak. See Mow. 

t MoE, a. or adv. More. — Hooker. 

MGE-SO-GOTH'I€, a. Belonging to the Mceso-Goths, a 
branch of the Goths who settled in Mcesia. The Bible was 
translated into their language by Ulphilas.— P. Cyc. 

MO-GUL', n. The name of a prince or emperor of the na- 
tion in Asia called Moguls, or Monguls. 

Mo'HaIR n. [G. mohr ; Fr. moire.] The hair of a kind of 
goat in Turkey, fine and soft as silk. It is wrought into 
camlets and other expensive stuffs. 

Mo'HaIR-SHELL, n. In conchology, a peculiar species at 
voluta, whose surface resembles mohair. 

MO-HAM'MED-AN, a. Pertaining to Mohammed or Ma- 
homet. 

MO-HAM'MED-AN, n. A follower of Mohammed, the found- 
er of the religion of Arabia and Persia. 

MO-HAM'MED4SM, \ n. The religion, or doctrines and 

MO-HAM'MED-AN-ISM ; j precepts of Mohammed, con- 
tained in the Koran. 

MO-HAM'MED-IZE, ? v. t. To make conformable to the 

MO-HAM'MED-AN-lZE, } principles, or modes and rites 
of Mohammed. 

Mo'HAWK, > n. [from the name of an Indian tribe.] The 

Mo'HOCK, > appellation given to certain ruffians who in- 
fested the streets of London. 

Mo'HUR, n. A British Indian gold coin, value fifteen ru- 
pees. — Malcom. 

MOI'DORE, n. A gold coin of Portugal, valued at $6, or 
£,], Is. sterling. 

MOI'E-TY, n. [Fr. moitU.] The half ; one of two equal parts. 
— Addison. 

MOIL, v. t. [Fr. mouiller.] 1. To daub ; to make dirty ; 
[little used.] 2. To weary. — Chapman. 

MOIL, v. i. [L. molior.] To labor ; to toil ; to work with 
painful efforts. — Dryden. 

t MOIL, n. [Sax. mal.] A spot. 

MOI'NEA U (moy'no), n. A small fiat bastion raised in front 
of an intended fortification, to defend it against attacks 
from 6mall arms. — Brande. 

MOIST, a. [Fr. moite, for moiste.] 1. Moderately wet; damp; 
as, a moist atmosphere or air. 2. Containing water or oth- 
er liquid in a perceptible degree. 

t MOIST, as a verb, is obsolete. 

MOIST-EY.ED (-ide), a. Having moist eyes.— Coleridge. 

MOIST'-EN (mois'n), v. t. To make damp ; to wet in a small 
degree. — Bacon. 

MOIST.EN.ED (mois'nd), pp. Made wet in a small degree. 

MOISTjEN-ER (mois'n-er), n. He or that which moistens 

MOIST.EN-ING (mois'n-ing), ppr. Wetting moderately. 

MOISTTUL, a. Full of moisture.— Drayton. 

MOISTNESS, n. Dampness; a small degree of wetness 
humidity. — A ddison . 

MOIST'URE (moist'yur), n. [Fr. moitcur.] 1. A moderate 
degree of wetness ; humidity. 2. A small quantity of any 
liquid. 

MOISTURE-LESS, a. Destitute of moisture. 

t MOIST'Y, a. Drizzling. 

tMoKES of a net, the meshes. — Ainstcorth. 

tMo'KY, a. [W. mwg.] Muggy; dark; murky. 

Mo'LAR, \a. [L.molaris.] Having power to grind ; grind. 

Mo'LAR-Y, 5 ing.— Bacon. 

Mo'LAR, n. A grinding tooth or grinder. 

MO-LaSSE', n. [L. mollis.] A soft, tertiary sandstone ; ap- 
plied to a rock occurring in Switzerland.— Dana. 

K; 6 as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, " 



MOL 



650 



MOM 



,vIO-J,aS'SES, n. sing. [It. melassa ; Sp. melaza ; Fr.melasse. 
The orthography Tnelasses, used by Edwards, in his Histo- 
ry of the West Indies, is more accordantwith etymology.] 
The sirup which drains from Muscovado sugar when 
cooling ; treacle. 
MOLD, ? 11. [Sax. mold, molda, myl ; W. mol] 1. Fine, 
MOULD, > soft earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as 
constitutes soil. 2. A substance like down, which forms 
on bodies which he long in warm and damp air. 3. Mat- 
ter of which any thing is formed. [The prevalent spell- 
ing is mould ; but as the u has been omitted in all the oth- 
er words of this class, as gold, bold, old, cold, &c, it seems 
desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it in this 
word, as was done by Spenser, South, and many others.] 
MoLD, la. [Sp. molde; Fr. moule ; W. mold.] 1. The ma- 
MoULD, j trix in which any thing is cast and receives its 
form. 2. Cast ; form. 3. The suture or contexture of 
the skull. 4. The body, as giving shape to the garments. 
Shak. — 5. In ship-building, a thin, flexible piece of tim- 
ber, used as a pattern by which to form the curves of 
the timbers and compassing pieces. — 6. Among gold-beat- 
ers, a number of pieces of vellum, or a like substance, laid 
over one another, between which the leaves of gold and 
silver are laid for beating. [For spelling, see Mold, n.] 
MOLD, 1 v. t. 1. To cause to contract mold. — Knolles. 2. 
MOULD, 5 To cover with mold or soil. — Edwards. [For 

spelling, see Mold above.] 
MOLD, v. i. To contract mold; to become moldy. 
MOLD, v. t. 1. To form into a particular shape ; to shajie ; 
to fashion; to model. — Milton. 2. To knead. — Ainsworth. 
MOLD -WARP, n. [Sax. mold and weorpan.] A mole. 
MOLD'A-BLE, a. That may be molded or formed. 
MOLD'ED, pp. 1. Formed into a particular shape ; kneaded. 

2. Covered with mold. 
MOLD'ER, n. He who molds or forms into shape. 
MOLD'ER, v. i. [Dan. michier.] 1. To turn to dust by natu- 
ral decay ; to crumble ; to perish. 2. To be diminished ; 
to waste away gradually. 
MOLD'ER. v. t. To turn to dust ; to crumble ; to waste. 
M0LD'ER£D, pp. or a. Turned to dust; wasted away. 
MOLDER-ING, ppr. or a. Turning to dust; crumbling; 

wasting away. 
MOLD'I-NESS, n. The state of being moldy. 
MOLDING, ppr. Forming into shape; kneading. 
MOLDING, n. Any thing cast in a mold, or which appears 
to be so. — In architecture, a projecture beyond the wall, 
column, wainscot, &c. 
MoLD'Y, a. Overgrown with mold. — Addison. 
MOLE, n. [Sax. mal, mal.] 1. A spot, mark, or small per- 
manent protuberance on the human body. 2. [L. mola.] 
A mass of fleshy matter, of a spherical figure, generated in 
the uterus. 
MOLE, n. [L. moles; Fr. mole.] 1. A mound or massive 
work formed of large stones 'laid in the sea before a port, 
which it serves to defend from the violent impulse of the 
waves ; also, the port or haven thus formed. — 2. Among 
the Romans, a kind of mausoleum, of a circular form, on 
a square base, surrounded by columns and covered by a 
dome. — Elmcs. 
MOLE, n. [D. mol.] A small animal, a species of talpa, 
which burrows beneath the ground. Its sense of sight is 
feeble, but its faculties of smelling and hearing are ex- 
tremely acute. 
MOLE, v. t. To clear of mole-hills. — Pegge. [Local.] ' 
MoLE'-BAT, n. A fish resembling a shapeless lump of 

flesh. — Ash. 
MOLE'-CaST, n. A little elevation of earth made by a 

mole. 
MoLE'-GATCH-ER, n. One whose employment is to catch 

moles. — Tusser. 
MOLE'-GRIGK-ET, n. An insect of the cricket family, 
which burrows under ground, and is said to devour the 
roots of plants. 
MOLE'-EYUD (-ide), a. Having very small eyes ; blind. 
MOLE'-HILL, n. [W. malur.] A little hillock or elevation 

of earth thrown up by moles ; a very small hill. 
MOLE'-TRAGK, n. The course of a mole under ground. 
MOLE'- WARP, n. A mole. See Mole and Mold-warp. 
MO LECU-LAR, a. Belonging to or consisting of molecules. 
MOLE 3ULE, n. [Fr.] A name given to the minute parti- 
cles of which bodies are supposed to be composed. 
MO-LEST, v. t. [Fr. molester.] To render uneasy. Hooker. 
-Syn. To trouble ; disturb ; incommode ; inconvenience ; 
annoy ; vex ; tease. 
MOL-EST-A'TION, n. Disturbance ; annoyance ; uneasi- 
ness given. — Brown. 
MO-L EST'ED. pp. Disturbed; troubled; annoyed. 
MO- LESTER u. One who disturbs. 
MO-LEST'FUL, a. Troublesome. 
MO-LESTING, ppr. Disturbing; troubling. 
Mo'LI-KN. n. A flowering tree of China. — Grosier. 
t MO-L!M'l-NOUS, a. [from L. molimeu.] Very important. 
Mo'LlN-iSM, n. In the Roman Catholic Church, the system 



of Molina respecting grace and predestination, somewhat 
resembling that of the Arminians. 
MO'LIN-IST, n. A follower of the opinions of Molina. 
MOL'LAH, n. The title of the higher order of judges in th»: 

Turkish Empire. Brande. 
MOL'LI-ENT, a. [L. molliens.] Softening ; assuaging ; less 

ening. See Emollient. 
MOL'LI-ENT-LY, adv. In a soothing manner. 
MOL'LI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be softened. 
MOL-LI-FI-GaTION, n. 1. The act of mollifying or soften 

ing. 2. Mitigation ; an appeasing. — Sfiak. 
MOL'LI-FLED (-fide), pp. Softened; appeased. 
MOL'LI-Fl-ER, n. 1. That which softens, appeases, or mil 

igates. 2. He who softens, mitigates, or pacifies. 
MOL'LI-Fy, v. t. [L. mollio ; Fr. mollir.] 1. To soften ; tx, 
make soft or tender. — 7s., i. 2. To assuage, as pain or ir 
ritation. 3. To appease ; to pacify ; to calm or quiet. 4 
To qualify ; to reduce in harshness or asperity. 
MOL'LI-Ff-ING, ppr. or a. Softening ; assuaging ; adapted 

to soften or qualify. 
MOL-LUS'-SA, n. pi. [from L. mollis.] One of the four sub- 
kingdoms into which animals are divided, comprising spe, 
cies whose bodies are soft and not articulated. Some of 
them are naked, while others are enveloped in a shell. 
This division includes snails, oysters, and all shell animals, 
the cuttle-fish, &c. — Dana. 
MOL-LUS'GAN, n. A mollusk ; one of the mollusca. 
MOL-LUS'CAN, 1 a. Pertaining to the mollusca, or par- 
MOL-LUS'GOUS, 5 taking of their properties. 
MOL'LUSK, n. One of the mollusca, which see. 
MO'LOCH (mo'lok), n. In Scripture, the deity of the Am 
monites, to whom human sacrifices were offered. — Lev., 
xviii. 
MO-LOS'SUS, n. [L. from Gr.] In Greek and Latin verse, a 

foot of three long syllables. 

MOLT, ) v. i. [W. moel.] The prevalent spelling is moult, 

MoULT, ) but as the u is omitted in all the other words of 

this class, as bolt, dolt, colt, &c, it would be desirable to 

complete the analogy by dropping it in this word, as many 

distinguished writers have done.] To shed or cast the 

hair, feathers, skin, horns, &c, as an animal. 

MOLT'JSN, pp. of melt. 1. Melted ; [obs.] 2. a. Melted ; made 

of melted metal. 
MoLT'ING, ppr. Casting or shedding a natural covering, as 

hair, feathers, skins, or horns. 
MOLT'ING, n. The operation by which certain animals 

cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, horns, &c. 
MO'LY, n. [Gr. M uAi;.] Wild garlic. 
MO-LYB'DATE, n. A compound of molybdic acid with a 

base. 
MO-LYB-DE'NA, n. [Gr. po\v65aiva.] An ore of a dark lead 
color, resembling plumbago, but having a more greasy feel 
and a sulphureous odor before the blowpipe. It consists 
of sulphur and molybdenum. — Dana. 
MO-LYB'DE-NITE, n. Sulphuret of molybdena. 
MO-LYB-De'NOUS, a. Pertaining to or obtained from mo- 
lybdena. _ 
MO-LYB-De'NUM, n. A white brittle metal, very infusi- 
ble. 
MO-LYB'DI€, a. Pertaining to molybdena. — Molybdic acid 
is an acid obtained from molybdate of lead, or by acidify- 
ing molybdena. — Silliman. 
MoME, n. [Fr. momon.] A dull, silent person ; a stupid 

fellow ; a stock ; a post. — Spenser. 
MO'MENT, n. [L. momentum.] 1. The most minute and in- 
divisible part of time. 2. Impulsive power ; [little used.] 
— 3. Figuratively, importance in influence or effect. — Syn. 
Instant; twinkling; consequence; weight; force; value, 
consideration ; signification ; avail, 
t MO-MENT'AL, a. Important. 
MO-MENT'AL-LY, adv. For a moment. — Brown 
t MO-MENT-a'NE-OUS, } 
t MO'MENT- A-NY. 
Mo'MENT-A-K.I-LY, adv. Every moment. — Shenstone. 
MO'MENT- A-RY, a. Done in a moment ; continuing only a 

moment ; lasting a very short time. 
MO'MENT-LY, adv. 1. For a moment. 2. In a moment , 

every moment. 
MO-MENT'OUS, a. Important ; weighty ; of consequence. 
MO-MENTOUS-LY, adv. Weightily. 

MO-MENT'OUS-NESS, n. State of being of great import- 
ance. 
MO-MENTUM, n. ; pi. Momenta. [L.] In mechanics, impe- 
tus ; the quantity of motion in a moving body. It is pro- 
portioned to the product of the quantity of matter multi- 
plied into the velocity. 
MOM'I-ER (mum'me-er), n. [Fr.] A name sometimes given 
in reproach to the evangelical Protestants in France and 
Switzerland. 
M6M'MER-Y. See Mummery. 

MO'MOT, n. The name of certain South American birds, 
of habits like the toucan's, so named from their monoto- 
nous note. 



See Momentary. 



tos. Sunoiiy.is. I, K, I, &.c, loni 



E, I, &c, short.— F'AH, FALL WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MOV E, BQOK, 



MON 



651 



MON 



Mo MUS, n. [Gr. wnoS-] In mythology, the god of ridicuie. 
mirth, and raillery. 

MOXA-CHAL (mon'a-kal), a. [Fr. ; L. monachus.] Pertain- 
ing to monks or a monastic life ; monastic. 

MOXA.-GHISM, n. [Fr. monachisme ; It. monachismo.] The 
state of monks ; a monastic life. 

* MON'AD, n. [Gr. novas.] 1. An ultimate atom, or simple 
unextended point— Leibnitz. 2. An indivisible thing. — 
Good. 3. A name given to the simplest kind of minute 
animalcules. — Dana. 

MON-A-DELTHI-A, n.pl. [Gr. povcs and ace\(pos.] In botany, 
a class of plants whose stamens are united in one body by 
the filaments. 

MOX-A-DELTHI-AX, ? a. Having the stamens united in one 

MOX-A-DELTHOU8, J body by the filaments. 

MO-XAD'I€, I a. Having the nature or character of a 

MO-XAD'IC-AL, ) monad.— More. 

MO-NAN'DPd-A, n. pi. [Gr. p.ovoS and avijp.] In botany, a class 
of monoclinous plants having one stamen only, not at all 
connected with the pistil. 

MO-XAN'DRI-AN, > a. Monoclinous, and having one stamen 

MO-XAXDROUS, J only, not connected with the pistil. 

MOXARGH (mon'ark), n. [It., Sp. monarca ; Fr. monarque.] 
1. The ruler of a nation, who is vested with absolute sov- 
ereign power. 2. A ruler or supreme magistrate of a na- 
tion, "whose powers are in some respects limited by the 
constitution of the government. — 3. Figuratively, he or 
that which is superior to others of the same kind. 4. One 
who presides ; president. Sliak. — Sin. Emperor ; poten- 
tate ; sovereign ; king ; prince. 

MOXARGH, a. Supreme ; ruling. — Pope. 

MO-XiRGHAL, a. Pertaining to a monarch ; suiting a 
monarch : sovereign ; regal ; imperial. 

MOXARGH-ESS, n. A female monarch ; an empress. 

MO-XaRGH'IG, \ a. 1. Vested in a single ruler. 2. Per- 

MO-XXR€H'I€-AL, 5 taining to monarchy. 

MOX ARCH-ISM, n. The principles of monarchy ; love or 
preference of monarchy. — Jefferson. 

MOXARCH-IST, n. An advocate of monarchy. 

MOXARCH-lZE, v. i. To play the king ; to act the mon- 
arch. — Shah. 

MOXARGH-lZE, v. t. 1. To rule ; to govern. 2. To convert 
into a monarchy. 

MOXARGH-iZP. D, pp. Converted to a monarchy. 

MOX ARGH-iZ-IXG, ppr. Governing; changing to a mon- 
archy. 

MOX'ARCH-Y, n. [Gr. povapxia-] 1. A state or govern- 
ment in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands 
of a single person. 2. A kingdom ; an empire. 

MOX-AS-TeTJ-AL, a. Pertaining to a monastery. 

' MGXAS-TER-Y, n. [Fr. monastcre ; Sp. monasterio ; Low 
L. monasterium.) A house of religious retirement, or of 
seclusion from ordinary temporal concerns. — Syn. Con- 
veut ; cloister ; abbey ; priory ; nunnery. 

MO-XASTIC, ) a. [Fr. monastique ; It. monastico ; Low 

MO-XAS'TIG-AL, 3 L. monasticus.] Pertaining to monas- 
teries, monks, and nuns ; recluse ; secluded from the tem- 
poral concerns of life, and devoted to religion. 

MO-XASTIG, n. A monk. 

MO-XAS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. Reclusely ; in a retired manner ; 
in the manner of monks. — Stoift. 

MO-XAS'TI-CISM, n. Monastic life.— Milner. 

MO-XAS'TI-GOX, n. A book on monasteries. 

MoX'DAY (mun'dy), n. [Sax. monandag ; G. montag ; moon 
and day ; being formerly sacred to that planet.] The sec- 
ond day of the week. 

MOXDE, n. [Fr.] The world ; also, a globe, an ensign of 
authority. — Drummond. 

MO-Xe'CIAX and MO-Xe'CIOUS. See Moxcecian and Mo- 

NCZCIOUS. 

M6XE-TA-RY (mun'e-ter-ry), a. Relating to money or mon- 
eyed concerns. 

M6XEY (mun'e), n. ; pi. Moneys. [Sax. mynet ; Fr. monnoie ; 
L., It. moneta.] 1. Coin ; stamped metal ; any piece of 
metal, usually gold, silver, or copper, stamped by public 
authority, and used as the medium of commerce. 2. Bank- 
notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchange- 
able for cun, or redeemable, are also called money. 3. 
Wealth ; affluence. 

M6X'EY-BAG, n. A bag or purse for holding money. 

M6X EY-BOX, ti. A box or till to hold money. 

MoX'EY-BRqK'ER. n. A broker who deals in money. 

M6X EY-CHAXG'ER-. n. A broker who deak in money or 
exchanges. — Arb uthnot. 

MoX'EY-LEXD'ER, n. One who lends money. 

MoXEY-MAT'TEPc, n. An account consisting of charges 
of money ; an account between debtor and creditor. — Ar- 
buthnot. 

MoX'EY-SGRIVE'XER, n. A person who raises money for 
others.— xArhuthnot. 

MoX'EY-SriX'XER, n. A small spider. 

M6X'EY-W6RT, n. An evergreen trailing plant of the genus 
nummularia or lysimachia. 



I MoX'EY'S-WORTH (mun'ez-wurth), n. 1. Something Inai 
will bring money. 2. Full value ; the worth of a thing in 
money. 

M6X'EY-AGE, n. Anciently, in England, a general land-tax, 
a shilling on each health. — Hume. 

M6X'EY£D (mun'id), a. 1. Rich in money ; having money ; 
able to command money. 2. Consisting in money. 

M6X'EY-ER, n. 1. A banker ; one who deals in money 
[little used.] — 2. In coinage, a responsible and authorized 
manufacturer of coin. — Brande. 

M6X EY-LESS, a. Destitute of money ; pennyless , poor. 

M6XGCOR.X, n. [among and corn.] Mixed corn. [Local] 

MoX"GER (mung'ger), n. [Sax. mangere.] A trader : a 
dealer ; now used only or chiefly in composition ; as, iron- 
monger. 

M6X "GREL (mung'grel), a. [from Sax. mengan.] Of a mix- 
ed breed ; of different kinds. — Swift. 

M6X"GREL, n. An animal of a mixed breed. 

MO-XIL'i-FORM. a. [L. monile.] Like a necklace. 

MOX'1-MEXT, n. [L. monimentum.] 1. An inscription ; 
something to preserve memory ; [obs.] 2. A mark ; an 
image ; a superscription. — Spenser. 

f MOX1SH, v. t. To admonish ; to warn. 

t MOX'ISH-ER, n. An admonisher, which see. 

t MOX'ISH-MEXT, n. Admonition. 

MO-Xl"TIOX (-nish'un), n. [Fr. ; L.monitio.] 1. Warning, 
instruction given by way of caution. 2. Information ; in 
dication. 

MOX'I-TlYE. a. Admonitory ; conveying admonition. 

MOX'I-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who warns of faults or informs 
of duty ; one who gives advice and instruction by way of 
reproof or caution. — 2. In schools or seminaries, apupil se- 
lected to look to the scholars in the absence of the in- 
structor, or to notice the absence or faults of the scholars, 
or to instruct a division or class. — 3. In zoology, a genus of 
lizards inhabiting the warmer parts of the eastern conti- 
nent, so called from being supposed to give warning of Xhe 
vicinity of crocodiles. — P. Cyc. 

MOX-I-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Relating to a monitor. 2. Performed 
by a monitor. 3. Conducted by or under the instruction 
of monitors or subordinate teachers. 

MOX-I-ToTRI-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a monitor. 

MOX1-TO-RY, a. Giving admonition ; warning ; instruct- 
ing by way of caution. — L' Estrange. 

MOX I-TO-R.Y, n. Admonition ; warning. — Bacon. 

MOX'I-TRESS, n. A female monitor. 

M6XK (munk), n. [Gr. fxovaxoS ; L. monachus ; Sax. monec] 
A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns 
of the world, and devotes himself to religion. 

MoXK'S'-HeAD, n. A plant of the genus leontodon. 

MoXK'S -HOOD, n. An herb of the genus aconitum. 

MoXE'S'-RHlfBIRB, n. An herb, a species of dock. 

M6XK'ER-Y, n. The life of monks ; the monastic life , a 
term usually applied by way of reproach. 

M6XK'EY (munk'e), n. ; pi. Moxkeys. [It. monicchio.] 1. 
The popular name of a genus of animals which embraces, 
also, the ape and baboon. From these the monkey is prop- 
erly distinguished by its long tail, while baboons have short 
ones, and apes have none. Monkeys are all mischievous, 
filthy, and thievish. 2. A name of contempt or of slight 
kindness. 3. The weight of a pile-driver, a very heavy 
mass of iron, which, being raised on high, descends with 
great momentum on the head of the pile" and foi-ces it into 
the earth. 

MoXKTfOOD, n. The character of a monk.— Attcrbury. 

M6XKTSH, a. Like a monk, or pertaining to monks ; mo 
nastic. 

MOX-0-€AR'DI-AX,a. [Gr. povoS and Kapha.] Having a sin 
gle heart, as fishes and reptiles. It may be used as a noun 

M0X-O-€aR'POUS, a. [Gr. nuroi, sole, and K„p-- >. fruit.] 
Bearing fruit but once, and dying after fruE&fication, as 
wheat, Sec. — Lindlev. 

MO-XOCE-ROS. n. [Gr. paves and KtaaS.] The unicorn. 

MOX-0-€HLAM-YD'E-OUS, a. [Gr. povoi and x*"/™?-] I" 
botany, having a single covering, that is. a calyx without J) 
corol, or a corol without a calyx. — Lindley. 

MOX'O-GHORD, n. [Gr. fiovos and X' ! p?>;-) A musical in 
strument of one string, used to ascertain and demonstrate 
the relative proportions of musical sound. 

MOX'O-GHROME, n. [Gr. novog, sole, and xpupa, color.] A 
painting with a single color. — Elmes. 

MOX-0-€HRO-MAT'I€, a. Consisting of one color, or pre 
senting ravs of light of one color only. 

MO-XO€'LI-XATEr a. [Gr. povos and kMvio.] In mineralo- 
gy, a term applied to crystals in which one of the axes u 
obliquely inclined. 

MO-XO€'LI-XOUS, a. [Gr. novos and kXivtj,] In botany, 
hermaphrodite, or having both stamens and pistils in ev 
ery flower. 

MO-XO€'RA-SY, n. [Gr. novos, sole, and Kparcw, to govern. 1 
Government bv a single person. 

MOX'0-€0-TYLE. (a. Having only one seed 

MOX-0-€0-TYL-E'DOX-OUS, 5 lobe oi eeminal leaf. 



D6VE ;— BULL, tJXITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. 



MON 



652 



xvlON 



MON-0-€0-TYL-E'DON, a. [Gr. novos and kotvX^jv.] In 
botany, a plant with only one cotyledon or seed-lobe. 

MO-NOC'U-LAR, \ a. [Gr. novos, and L. oculus.] Having 

MO-NOC'U-LOUS, j one eye only. 

MON'O-CULE, n. An insect with one eye. 

MON-0-DA€'TYL-OUS, a. Having one finger or toe. 

MON'O-DIST, n. One who writes monodies.- -Scott. 

MON'O-DON, n. [Gr. povoSovS.] The seaunicorn, or nar- 
whal, deriving its name from having a long tooth, which 
projects like a horn from the fore-part of the head. 

MON'O-CRAT, n. One who governs alone. 

MON-O-DRA-MATIC, a. Pertaining to a monodrame. 

MON'O-DRaME, n. [Gr. novos and Spa^a.] A dramatic per- 
formance by a single person. 

MON'O-DY, 7i. [Gr. fiovuSia.] A species of poem of a 
mournful character, in which a single mourner is sup- 
posed to bewail himself. — Brande. 

VIO-NCE'CIA, n. pi. In botany, a class of plants whose sta- 
mens and pistils are in distinct flowers on the same plant. 
— Linnaus. 

lilO-NOZ'ClAN (-ne'shan, 1 a. [Gr. novos and olkoS-] Inbot- 

■10-NCE'CIOUS (-ne'shus), J any, a term applied to plants 
whose stamens and pistils are in distinct flowers, both 
growing upon the same individual. 

AION-O-GaMI-A, n. pi. [Gr. novos and yanos-] In botany, an or- 
der of plants having a simple flower, though the anthers 
are united. — Linncsus. 

VION-O-Ga'MI-AN, > a. Pertaining to the order monogamia, 

VIO-NOGA-MOUS, } having a simple flower with united 
anthers. 

MO-NOG'A-MIST, n. One who disallows second marriages. 

MO-NOGA-MOUS, a. Having one wife only, and not per- 
mitted to marry a second. 

MO-NOGA-MY, n. The marriage of one wife only, or the 
state of such as are restrained to a single wife. 

MON'O-GRAM. n. [Gr. novos and ypanixa.) A character or 
cipher composed of one, two, or more letters interwoven, 
being an abbreviation of a name ; used on seals, &c. 

MON'O-GRAM-MAL, a. Sketching in the manner of a mon- 
ogram . — Fotherby. 

MON-0-GRAM'MI€, a. Pertaining to a monogram 

MON'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. novos and ypa(po).] A written ac- 
count or description of a single thing or class of things. 
Thus, each article in a dictionary is a monograph. 

MO-NOG'RA-PHER, n. A writer of a monograph. 

MON-O-GRAPH'I-G, \a. 1. Drawn in lines without colors. 

MON-O-GRAPH'IC-AL, > 2. Pertaining to a monograph. 

MON-0-GRAPH'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a mono- 
graph ; in the form of a monos^aph. 

MO-NOCRA-PHIST, n. One who writes a monograph. 

MO-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. novos and yp a <pw.} 1. A descrip- 
tion drawn in lines without colors. 2. A monograph, or 
written account of some single subject or class of things. 

MON-O-GYN'I-A, n. pi. [Gr. novos and yvvr].] In botany, an or- 
der of plants having only one style or stigma. — Smith. 

MO-NO-GYN'I-AN, ) a. Pertaining to the order monogynia, 

MO-NOG'YN-OUS, 5 having only one style or stigma. 

MON'O-LITH, n. [Gr. novos and Xidos-] A piUar, column, 
&c, consisting of a single stone. 

MON-O-LITH'IC, \ a. Consistina; of a single stone ; as, mon- 

MON'O-LITH-AL, > olithic temples of Nubia.— Russel. 

MO-NOL'O-GlST, n. [Gr. novos, sole, and XoyoS, Xeyw, to 
speak.] One who soliloquizes. 

MON'O-LOGUE (mon'o-log), n. [Gr. novoXoyia.] 1. A solil- 
oquy ; a speech uttered by a person alone. 2. A poem, 
song, or scene composed for a single performer. 

MO-NOMA-CHIST, n. One who fights in single combat ; a 
duelist. 

MO-NOM'A-GHY (mo-nom'a-ke), n. [Gr. novonaxia.] A 
duel ; a single combat. 

MON-O-MI'NI-A, n. [Gr. novos and navia.] Derangement 
of a single faculty of the mind, or with regard to a partic- 
ular subject. 

MON-0-Ma'NI-A€, a. Affected with monomania. 

MON-0-Ma'NI-A€, n. A person affected by monomania. 

MON'OME, n. [Gr. juovof and ovona.] In algebra, a quantity 
that has one term only. — Brande. 

MO-NOM'E-TER, n. A rhythmical series consisting of a 
single metre. 

MONO-METRIC, a. [Gr. novos and nerpov.] In mineralogy, 
a term applied to crystals with the axes equal, or of one 
kind, as the cube, octahedron, and dodecahedron. 

MO-No'MI-AL, n. In algebra, a quantity expressed by one 
term only. 

MO-NOP'A-THY, n. [Gr. novos and iradiia.} Solitary suf- 
fering or sensibility. — Whitlock. 

MON-O-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. novos and irtraXov.] In bot- 
any, having only one petal, or a one-petaled corol. — Martyn. 

MON'OPH-THONG, n. [Gr. novos and tpdoyyos.] A letter 

which has only a single sound. 
MON-OPH-THON"GAL, a. Having only a single sound. 
MO-NOPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. novos and QvXXov.] Having 
one leaf only. 



MO-NOPHT-SlTE, n. [Gr. novos and (pvotS-] One cf a sod 
in the ancient church, who maintained that the divine and 
human natures in Christ became so blended and con- 
founded as to constitute but one nature. 

MO-NOP'O-LIST, \n. [Sp., It. monopolista.} One who 

MO-NOP'O-LlZ-ER, J monopolizes. 

MO-NOP'O-LlZE, v. 1. [Gr. novos and nwXeu) ; Fr. monopo- 
ler.] 1. To purchase or obtain possession of the whole of 
any commodity or goods in market with the view of sell- 
ing them at advanced prices. 2. To engross or obtain, by 
any means, the exclusive right of buying or selling.— 3. 
Figuratively, to engross or obtain the whole of, in a wider 
sense, as conversation. 

MO-NOP'0-LlZ.ED, pp. Obtained and enjoyed wholly or 
exclusivelyj engrossed. 

MO-NOP'O-LlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Obtaining an exclusive right 
or possession ; engrossing. 

MO-NOP'O-LY, n. [Fr. monopole; L. monopolium.] The 
sole power of vending any species of goods. 

MON-O-POL'Y-LOGUE (-log), n, [Gr. novos, iroXvs, and Xo- 
yos-] An entertaimnent in which a single actor sustains 
many characters. — Brande. 

MO-NOP'TER-AL, a. or n. [Gr. novos and Trrepov.] In arch- 
itecture, a term applied to a temple or circular inclosure 
of columns without a cell. — Brande. 

* MO-NOP'TOTE, n. [Gr. novos and tttoxjiS-] A noun hav- 
ing only o_ne case. — Clarke. 

MON'O-RHYME (-rime), n. [Gr. novos and pvdnos-] A com 
position in verse in which all the fines end with the same 
rhyme. — Brande. 

MON-O-SEP'AL-OUS, a. [Gr. novos, and sepal.) Having one 
sepal, i. e., when the sepals are united at the margin. — 
Lindley. 

MON-O-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. novos and ctrtpna.] Having 
one seed only. 

MON-O-SPHER'IC-AL, a. [Gr. novos, and sphere.} Consist- 
ing of one sphere only. — Smart. 

MON'O-STICH (-stik), n. [Gr. novoonxov.] A composition 
consisting of one verse only. 

MON-O-STROPH'IC, a. [Gr. novoorpopos.] Having one 
strophe only ; not varied in measure ; written in unvaried 
measure. 

MON-O-SYL-LABTC, a. 1. Consisting of one syllable. 2. 
Consisting of words of one syllable. 

MON-O-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. novos and cv\\a6n-] A vnvd 
of one syllable. 
| MON-0-SYL'LA-BL£D, a. Formed into one syllable. 
J MON-O-THAL'A-MOUS, a. [Gr. novos and SaXanoS.) One- 
chambered ; applied to cephalopods having a unilocular 
shell.— P. Cyc. 

MON'O-THE-ISM, n. [Gr. novos and Seos-] The doctrine or 
belief of the existence of one God only. 

MON'O-THE-IST, n. One who believes in one God onlv. 

MON-O-THE-IST'IC, a. Pertaining to monotheism. 

MO-NOTH'E-LITE, n. [Gr. novos and ^cXrjais-) One of an 
ancient sect, who held that the union of' two natures in 
Christ produced but one will. 

MO-NOTH'E-LiT-ISM, n. The doctrine of the Monothelites 

MO-NOT'OM-OUS, a. [Gr. novoi and renvu).] In mineralogy 
having its cleavage distinct only in a single direction. 

MON'O-ToNE, n. A succession of sounds on precisely tht- 
same fine of pitch. 

MOnStoSSIaL, V Pertai ^S t0 the monotone. 

MO-NOT'O-NOUS, a. Continued with dull uniformity. 

MO-NOT'O-NOUS-LY, adv. With one uniform tone.— Nares 

MO-NOT'O-NY, n. - [Gr. novorovia.] 1. A frequent recur- 
rence of the same modifications of tone or sound, pro- 
ducing a dull uniformity. [It is not -the same with the 
monotone, which is often used with propriety in emphasis, 
solemn speaking, &c] — 2. Figuratively, an irksome same- 
ness or want of variety, as in literary composition, scenery, 
or mode of life. — Irving. 

MON-O-TREMA-TOUS, a. Having only one external open- 
ing for urine and other excrements, as certain animals of 
the order edentata. 

MON-O-TRIG'LYPH, n. A kind of intercolumniation, in 
which only one triglyph and two metopae are introduced. 
— Gwilt. 

MO-NOX'Y-LON, n. [Gr. novos and %vXov.] A canoe or boat 
made from one piece of timber. 

MONSIEUR (mos-seer'), n. [Fr.] Sir; Mr.; sometimes 
used for a Frenchman. — Johnson. 

MON-SOON', n. A periodical wind, blowing six months from 
the same quarter or point of the compass, then changing 
and blowing the same time from the opposite quarter. 

MON'STER, n. [L. monstrum.] 1. An animal produced with 
a shape or with parts that are not natural. 2. Any unnat 
ural production ; something greatly deformed. 3. A per- 
son so wicked as to appear horrible; one unnaturally 
wicked or mischievous. 

t MON'STER, v. t. To make monstrous.— Shak 

MON'STER-TIM-ING, a. Taming monsters. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, T, &c, long.—K, P t, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BQOK, 



MON 



653 



MOO 



MON'STftANCE, n. In the Roman Catholic Church, a frame- 
work of gold or silver in which the consecrated wafer or 
host is held up to view before the congregation. See RE- 
MONSTRANCE. 

MON-STROS'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being mctjstrous, or 
out of the common order of nature. 2. An unnatural 
production ; that which is monstrous. 
MON'STROUS, a. [L. monstrosus.] 1. Unnatural in form ; 
deviating greatly from the natural form ; out of the com- 
mon course of nature. 2. Strange ; very wonderful. 3. 
Enormous ; huge ; extraordinary. 4. Shocking to the sight 
or other senses ; hateful. 
MON'STROUS, adv. Exceedingly ; very much. — Dryden. 

[Vulgar. \ 
MON'STROUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner out of the common 
order of nature ; hence, shockingly ; terribly ; hideously ; 
horribly. 2. To a great degree ; enormously ; extrava- 
gantly. 
MON'STROUS-NESS, n. 1. The state of being monstrous. 

2. Enormity ; irregular nature or behavior. 
MON-TANTG, a. [L. montanus.] Pertaining to mountains ; 

consisting in mountains. — Kirwan. 
WON'T AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Montanus. 
MON'TAN-IST, n. A follower of Montanus, a Phrygian 
bishop of the second century, who claimed that the Holy 
Spirit dwelt in and employed him to purify and guide 
men in the Christian life. — Murdoch. 
MON-TAN-IST'IC, a. Pertaining to Montanism. 
MON'TAN-IZE, v. i. To follow the opinions of Montanus.— 

Hooker. 
MONT'ANT, n. [Fr.] 1. A term in fencing.— Shak. 2. An 

upright piece in any frame- work. 
MONT DE PIETE. [Fr.] See Lombard House. 
MON'TEM, n. A custom among the scholars at Eton School, 
England, of going in procession every third year, on Whit- 
Tuesday, to a hillock (L. ad montem, whence the name), 
and exacting money from all passers-by and spectators to 
support, at the university, the senior scholar of the school. 
MON-T£'RO,.?i. [Sp. montera.] A horseman's cap. — Bacon. 
MON TETH', n. A vessel in which glasses are washed. 
M6NTH (munth), n. [Sax. monath, from mona, the moon ; 
D. ma.7Ld; G. monath.] A space or period of time con- 
stituting one of the larger divisions of the year. Month 
property signifies the period of the moon's revolution from 
any point in the heavens round to the same point again, 
called a lunar month. One species of this, called the synod- 
ical monih, is the time from one conjunction or new moon 
to another, a period of 29 days, 12 hours, 41 minutes, and 
3 seconds ; another species, called the sidereal month, is 
the time between the moon's passing from any star and its 
return to the same star again, a period of 27 days, 7 hours, 
43 minutes, ar>d 11 seconds. — The term solar month has 
also been applied to the space of time in which the sun 
passes through one sign, or a twelfth part of the zodiac, 
containing, as its mean length, 30 days, 10 hours, 29 min- 
utes, 4 seconds. — In popular language, four weeks are 
called a month, being nearly the length of the lunar month. 
— A calendar month consists of twenty-eight, twenty-nine, 
thirty, or thirty-one days, as the months stand in calen- 
dars or almanacs. 
MONTH'S -MlND, n. Earnest desire ; strong inclination. — 
Hudibras. [This phrase originated in the remembrance 
days of monkish times, when, at periodical seasons, the 
mind or memory of the bountiful testator was to be kept 
alive by masses and prayers. — Smart.] 
M6NTHLING (munth-), n. The being of a month. 
MONTHLY (munthle), a. 1. Continued a month, or per- 
formed in a month. 2. Done or happening once a month, 
or every month. 
MoNTH'LY, n. A publication which appears regularly once 

a month. 
MoNTH'LY, adv. 1. Once a month ; in every month. 2. 
As if under the influence of the moon ; in the manner of a 
lunatic ; [obs.] 
MON'TI-€LE, n. A little mount ; a hillock : sometimes 

written monticule. — Lyell. 
MON-TlG'E-NOUS, a. [L. mons, and Gr. ytvos.] Produced 

on a mountain, 
MONT-MaR'TRiTE, n. A yellowish limestone found at 

Manfmartre, near Paris. 
MON'TOIR (mon'twor), n. [Fr.] In horsemanship, a stone 

used for adding to mount a horse. 
MON-TROSS', n. See Matross. 

MON'TURE,rz. [Fr.] Literally, that on which one is mount- 
ed ; a saddle-horse. — Spenser. — Toone. 
MON'U-MENT, n. [L. monumentum.] 1. Any thing by which 
the memory of a person or of an event is preserved or 
perpetuated. 2. A stone or a heap of stones, or other 
durable thing, intended to mark the bounds of states, 
(owns, or distinct possessions, and preserve the memory 
of divisional lines ; [New England.] 3. A thing that re- 
minds or gives notice. — Syn. Memorial ; remembrance ; 

tomb ; cenotaph. 

DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AM'fciY V>CIOUS.— € as 



MON-U-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a monument 2 
Serving as a monument ; memorial ; preserving meiECiry 
3. Belonging to a tomb. 

MON-U-MENTAL-LY, adv. By monuments ; by way of 
memorial. 

MOO, v. i. To make the noise of a cow ; [a child's woid.]- 
Smart. 

MOOD, n. [Fr. mode ; L. modus.] 1. In logic, the form of a 
syllogistic argument, or the designation of the quantity of 
its propositions as universal or particular, and their caal- 
ity as affirmative or negative. 2. Style of music. 3. The 
variation of a verb to express manner of action or being. 
See Mode. 

MOOD, n. [Goth., Sax., Sw. mod.] 1. Temper of mind ; 
temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feel- 
ing. 2. Anger ; heat of temper. Hooker. — Syn. Humor 
frame ; disposition ; inclination. 

t MOOD1-LY, adv. [from moody.] Sadly. 

MOOD'I-NESS, n. Anger ; peevishness. 

MOOD'Y, a. [Sax. modig.] Angry ; peevish ; fretful ; out 
of humor. — Rowe. 2. Mental; intellectual; [obs.] 3. Sad, 
pensive. 4. Violent; furious. 

MOON, n. [Sax. mona; D. maan; G. mond.] 1. The heav 
enly orb which revolves round the earth ; a secondary 
planet or satellite of the earth, which reflects upon the 
earth light borrowed from the sun. Its revolutions round 
the earth are lunar months. [See Month.] 2. A month. — 
Half-moon, in fortification, a figure resembling a crescent 

MOON'-BeAM, n A ray of light from the moon. 

MOON'-BLaST-ED, n. Blasted by the influence of th» 
moon. — Coleridge. 

MOON'-CaLF (-kaf ), n. 1. A monster ; a false conception 

2. A mole or mass of fleshy matter generated in the uterus 

3. A dolt ; a stupid fellow. 
MOON'-€UL'MIN-a-TING, a. An epithet applied to a stai 

which culminates or comes to the meridian at or aboui 
the same time with the moon. — E. C. Herrick. 

MOON'-EyE (-1), n. An eye affected by the moon. 

MOON'-EYjBD (-ide), a. 1. Having eyes affected by the rev- 
olutions of the moon. 2. Dim-eyed ; purblind. 

MOON'-FISH, n. A fish whose tail-fin is shaped like a half- 
moon. — Grew. 

MOON-L6V.ED (-luvd), a. Loved when the moon shines. 

MOON'-SEED, n. A climbing plant of the genus menisper 
mum, so called from the crescent-like form of the seeds.- 
P. Cyc. 

MOON'-SToNE, n. A nearly pellucid variety of feldspar or 
adularia ; used as a gem. 

MOON'-STRUCK, a. Affected by the influence of the moon ; 
lunatic. — Milton. 

MOON'-TRe'FOIL, n. An evergreen shrub of southern 
Europe ; tree medic. 

MOON'-WoRT, n. An herb, honesty ; also, a fern of the 
genus botrychium. 

MOON.ED, a. Taken for the moon.— Milton. 

MOON'ET, n. A little moon.— Hall. 

MOON'ISH, a. Like the moon ; variable. — Shak. 

MOON'LESS, a. Not favored with moonlight. 

MOON'LlGHT, n. The light afforded by the moon. 

MOON'LlGHT, a. Illuminated by the moon.— Shak. 

MOON'LING, n. A simpleton. — Ben Jon son. 

MOON'SHEE, n. The name given in India to a Mohammed 
an professor or teacher of languages. — Malcom. 

MOON'SHINE, n. 1. The light of the moon. Dryden.— 2 
Figuratively, show, without substance or reality. — 3. In 
burlesque, a month. — Shak. 

MOON'SHIN^ \ al Eliminated by the moon.— Clarendon. 
MOON'Y, a. Lunated ; having a crescent for a standard ; in 
resemblance of the moon. — Fcnton. 

MOOR, n. [Sax. men- , G. mohr.] A name given to extens- 
ive wastes, covered with heath, and having a poor, light 
soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat.- 
P. Cyc. 

MOOR, n. [D. moor; G. mohr; Fr. maure.] A native of the 
northern coast of Africa, called by the Romans, from the 
color of the people, Maurita?iia, the country of dark-corn 
plexioned people. 

MOOR, v. t. [Sp., Port, amarra, a cable.] 1. To confine or 
secure a ship in a particular station by two anchors in 
different directions. 2. To secure a vessel to chains, 
weights, or fixed objects under water, called moorings, or 
mooring-blocks. 

MOOR, v. i. To be confined by cables or chains. 

MOOR'-€0€K, ) n. Names of the red grouse or gor 

MOOR'-FOWL, 5 cock. 

MOOR'-GaME, n. Red game ; grouse. — Johnson. 

MOOR'-HEN, n. The common name of the gallinule ot 
water-hen. 

MOOR'-SToNE, n. A species of English granite. 

MOOR'A(3E, n. A place for mooring. 

MOORED, pp. Made fast in a station. 

MOORING, ppr. Confining to a station. 



K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoleU 



MOR 



654 



MOR 



MOOR'JNG, n. In seamen's language, moorings are the 
anchors, chains, and bridles laid athwart the bottom of a 
river or harbor to confine a ship 

MOORISH, a. 1. Marshy ; fenny ; watery. 2. Pertaining 
to the Moors in Africa. 

MOORLAND, n. 1. A marsh or tract of low. watery ground. 

2. Land rising into moderate hills, foul, cold, and full of 
bogs. 

MOORT, a. Marshy ; fenny ; boggy ; watery. 

MOOSE (moos), n. [a native Indian name.] An animal of 
the genus cervus, and the largest of the deer kind, some- 
times weighing 1100 or 1200 pounds. It inhabits the north- 
ern parts of both continents, and is the elk of Europe. 

MOOT, v. t. [Sax. motian.] To debate ; to discuss ; to argue 
for and against. 

MOOT, v. i. To argue or plead on a supposed cause. 

MOOT, ~\n. A point, case, or question to be moot- 

MOOT-CaSE, \ ed or debated ; a disputable case ; an 

MOOT-POINT, ) unsettled question. 

MOOT'-CoURT, n. In law schools, a meeting or court held 
for the purpose of discussing points of law. 

t MOOT-HALL, \n. A town-hall ; hall of judgment. — 

tMOOT'-HOUSE, 5 Wickliffe. 

MOOTA-BLE, a. Capable of being mooted or debated. 

MOOTED, pp. or a. Debated ; disputed ; controverted. 

MOOTER, n. A disputer of a mooted case. 

MOOTING, ppr. Disputing ; debating for exercise. 

MOOTING, n. The exercise of disputing or debating. 

MOP, ii. [W. mop or mopa.] 1. A piece of cloth, or a col- 
lection of thrums or coarse yarns fastened to a handle, and 
used for cleaning floors. 2. A wry mouth. — Shah. ; [obs.] 

MOP, v. t. To rub or wipe with a mop. 

fr MOP, v. i. To make a wry mouth. — Shdk. 

MoPE, v. i. To be very stupid ; to be very dull ; to drowse ; 
to be spiritless or gloomy. 

MoPE, v. t. To make stupid or spiritless. 

MoPE, n. A stupid or low-spirited person ; a drone. 

MoPE'-EY.ED (-ide), a. Short-sighted ; purblind. 

MoPED (mopt), pp. Made stupid.— Locke. 

MoP'ING, ppr. or a. Affected with dullness ; spiritless ; 
eloomy. 

MoP'ISH, a. Dull ; spiritless ; stupid ; dejected. 

MoPTSH-LY, adv. In a mopish manner. 

MoP'ISH-NESS, n. Dejection ; dullness ; stupidity. 

MOPPED (mopt), pp. Rubbed or wiped with a mop. 

MOP'PET, \n. A rag-baby; a puppet made of cloth; a 

MOP'SEY, 5 fondling name of a little girl. 

MOP'PING, ppr. Rubbing with a mop ; making a wry face. 

Mo'PUS, n. A mope ; a drone. — Swift. 

MO-RaINE', n. [Fr.] A name given to longitudinal depos- 
its of stony detritus, found at the bases andalong the edges 
of glaciers. — Brande. 

MORAL, a. [Fr., Sp. moral ; It. morale ; L. moralis.] 1. Re- 
lating to the practice, manners, or conduct of men as 
social beings in relation to each other, and with reference 
to right and wrong. 2. Subject to the moral law, and ca- 
pable of moral actions ; bound to perform social duties. 

3. Supported by the evidence of reason or probability ; 
founded on experience of the ordinary course of things ; 
as, moral certainty. 4. Conformed to rules of right, or to 
the divine law respecting social duties ; virtuous ; just. 5. 
Conformed to law and right in exterior deportment. 6. 
Reasoning or instructing with regard to vice and virtue ; as, 
a moral fool. Shak. — Moral law, the law of God which 
prescribes the moral or social duties. — Moral sense, an in- 
nate or natural sense of right and wrong. Paley. — Moral 
philosophy, ethical science ; the science which treats of 
man's social relations and the duties resulting therefrom. 

MORAL, n. 1. Morality ; the doctrine or practice of the 
duties of life ; [little used] 2. The doctrine inculcated by 
a fiction ; the accommodation of a fable to form the mor- 
als. — Dry den. 

f MORAL, v. i. To moralize. 

I- MORAL-ER, n. A moralizer.— Shak. 

MOR'AL-IST, n. [It. moralista ; Fr. moraliste.] 1. One who 
teaches the duties of life. 2. One who practices moral 
duties ; a mere moral person. — Hammond. 

MO-RAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. moralite.] 1. The doctrine or system 
of moral duties, or the duties of men in their social char- 
acter ; ethics. 2. The practice of the moral duties ; virtue. 
"}. The quality of an action which renders it good. 4. A 
kind of allegorical play ; so termed because it consisted j 
of moral discourses between such characters as Charity, 
e aim, Death, &c. — Encyc. Am. 

MOR-AL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. Moral reflections, or the act of j 
making moral reflections. — Warton. 2. Explanation in a 
moral sense. — Elyot. 

MOR'AL-lZE, v. t. [Fr. moraliser.] 1. To apply to a moral 
purpose, or to explain in a moral sense. 2. To furnish 
with manners or examples. 3. To render moral or vir- 
tuous ; to correct the morals of. 

MOR'AL-TZE, v. i. To speak or write on moral subjects, or 
to make moral reflections. 



MORAL-lZSD, pp. 1. Applied to a moral purpose, or ex 
plained in a moral sense. 2. Rendered moral or less 
corrupt 

MOR'AL-lZ-ER, n. One who moralizes. 

MOR'AL-lZ-ING, ppr. 1. Applying to a moral purpose, or 
explaining in a moral sense. 2. Making moral reflections 
in words or writing. 

MORAL-lZ-ING, n. The application of facts to a moral 
purpose, or the making of moral reflections. 

MOR'AL-LY, adv. 1. In a moral or ethical sense ; accord- 
ing to the rules of morality. 2. Virtuously; honestly. 3. 
According to the rules of the divine law. 4. According to 
the evidence of human reason or of probabilities. 

MORALS, n. pi. 1, The practice of the duties of life. 2. 
Conduct ; behavior ; course of life, in regard to good and 
evil. 

MO-R ASS', n. [D. moeras ; Sw. moras ; Fr. marais.) A fen ; 
a marsh ; a tract of soft, wet ground. — Watts. 

MO-EASS'Y, a. Marshy ; fenny. — Pennant. ■ 

MO-Ra'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Moravia, or to the United 
Brethren. 

MO-Ra'VI-AN, n. One of a religious sect, called the United 
Brethren. 

MO-Ra'VI-AN-ISM, n. The religious system of the Mora- 
vians. 

MOR'BID, a. [L. morbidas.] Diseased ; sickly ; not sound 
and healthful. 

MOR'BID-LY, adv. In a morbid or diseased manner. 

MOR'BID-NESS, n. A state of being diseased or unsound. 

MOR-BIFTG, \ a. [Fr. morbifigue.] Causing disease , 

MOR-BIFTC-AL, 5 generating: a sickly state. 

MOR-BIL'LOUS, a. [L. morbilll] Pertaining to the mea- 
sles ; measly ; partaking of the nature of measles. 

MOR-BoSE', a. [L. morbosus.] Proceeding from disease , 
unsound ; unhealthy. — Ray. 

MOR-BOS'I-TY, n. A diseased state.— Brown. 

MOR-CEAU (mor-s60, n. [Fr.] A bit; a morsel. 

MOR-Da'CIOUS (-da'shus), a. [L. mordax.] 1. Biting ; given 
to biting. Evelyn. — 2. Figuratively, sarcastic. — Smart. 

MOR-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a biting manner ; sarcastic- 
ally. — Waterhov.se. 

MOR-DAC'I-TY, n. [L. mordacitas.] The quality of biting. 

MOR'DANT, a. [Fr.] Biting. 

MOR'DANT, n. [Fr.] 1. A substance which has a chemical 
affinity for coloring matter, and serves to fix colors ; such 
as alum. — 2. In gilding, any sticky matter by which the 
gold-leaf is made to adhere. 

MOR'DANT, a. Having the quality of seizing hold, or of 
fixing colors. 

MOR'D ANT-LY, adv. In the manner of a mordant. 

MOR'DI-€AN-CY, n. A biting quality ; corrosiveness. 

MOR'D I-CANT, a. [Fr.] Biting; acrid. 

MOR-DI-€a'TION, n. [from L. mordeo.] The act of biting 
or corrofling ; corrosion. — Bacon. 

MoRE, a. [Sax. more, mara, or mare.] 1. Greater in quality, 
degree, or amount. 2. Greater in number ; exceeding in 
numbers. 3. Greater ; as, the more part. 4. Added to 
some former number ; additional. 

MoRE, adv. 1. To a greater degree. 2. It is used with the; 
as, they hated him yet the more. 3. It is used to modify 
an adjective, and form the comparative degree, having the 
same force and effect as the termination er in monosylla- 
bles ; as, more wise. 4. A second or another time ; again. 
— No more, not continuing; existing no longer ; gone; de- 
ceased or destroyed , as, Cassius is no more. — Much more, 
in a greater degree or with more readiness ; more abund- 
antly. — More and more, with continual increase. 

MoRE, a noun, or substitute for a noun. 1. A greater quan- 
tity, amount, or number. 2. Greater thing; other thin .7. 
something further ; as, we can do no more. 

t MoRE, v. t. To make more. — Gower. 

MoRE, n. 1. [Sax. mor.] A hill. 2. [Sax. moran.] A root. 
— Spenser. 

MO-REEN', n. A stout woolen stuff used for curtain?, & . 

MOR'EL, n. 1. The latticed mushroom, the m.orchella e»- 
culenta. It is much esteemed for the table. 2. A kind of 
cherry. 

MoRE'LAND. See Moorland. 

tMoRETSTESS, n. Greatness.— Wickliffe. 

MoRE-o'VER, adv. [more and over.] Beyond what has bee •. 
said ; further ; besides ; also ; likewise. 

MO-RESQJJE' (mo-reskO, a. [Fr. ; It. moresco.] Done aftei 
the manner of the Moors ; the same as arabesque. 

MO-RESQJJE', n. A species of painting or carving dow 
after the Moorish manner ; arabesque. 

MOR-GAN-AT'I€-MAR'RIA<5E, n. [from the Gothic wozd 
morgjan, to shorten.] Among German princes, a marriage 
in which it is stipulated that the wife, being of inferior- 
birth to her husband, neither she nor her children sball 
enjoy the privileges of his rank, nor inherit his posses- 
sions. — Encyc. Am. 

MOR'GaY, n. A small species of shark, also called the 
small-spotted dog-fish, or bounce. 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.—!, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY , -MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



MOR 



655 



MOR 



MOR'GLaI, n. [i.. mors, and Celtic glaive.] A deadly 
weapon. 

MORGUE (morg), n. [Ft.] A place in many French towns 
where the bodies of persons found dead are placed in 
order to be recognized by their friends. — Brande. 

MOR'I-BUND, a. In a state of dying. 

MORI-BUND, n. A dying person.— Cyc. 

MOR'lCE. See Morisco. 

\ MO-RIG'ER-XTE, v. i. [L. morigero.] To obey. 

I MO-RIg-ER-a'TION, n. Obsequiousness ; obedience. — 
Bacon. 

MO-RIg'ER-OUS, a. [L. morigerus.] Obedient ; obsequi- 
ous.— Diet. [Little used.] 

MOR'IL, n. [Fr. morille.] An eatable fungus. — Encyc. See 
Morel. 

MO-RIL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of the moril. 

MO-RIL'LON, n. The golden eye, a species of duck. 

MO-RIN"GA, n. A plant, a native of Egypt and the East 
Indies, supposed to produce the nephritic wood. 

MOR'I-ON, n. [Ft. ; It. morione.] A kind of open helmet, 
without visor or beaver, somewhat resembling a hat. — 
Encyc. Amer. 

MO-RIS'CO, In, [from Moor.] A term variously applied, 

Mo'RISK, J by old writers, to the work called mo- 
resque, to the Moorish language, and also to a dance, or a 
dancer of the morris or MoorTsh dance. See Morris. 

MOR'KIN, n. [Sw. murken.] Among hunters, a beast that 
has died by sickness or mischance. 

MOR'LAND, ) ,, . , , . , 

MoRE'LAND, \ * M °° rl a n d, which see. 

MOR'LING, ) 11. [Ft. mort.] Wool plucked from a dead 

MORTLING, j sheep. 

MOR'MO, n. [Gr. nop,uu).] A bugbear ; false terror. 

MORMON, n. 1. One of a sect in the United States ; a fol- 
lower of one Joseph Smith, who claimed to work mira- 
cles, and to have found an addition to the Bible, engraved 
on golden plates, which he published under the name of 
the Book of Mormon. 2. A generic name of the puffins. 

MORN, n. [Sax. marne, margene, mergen, morgen ; Dan., D., 
G. morgen.] The first part of the day; the morning; a 
word used chiefly in poetry. — Prior. 

MORNING, n. [Sax. margene, morgen.] 1. The first part 
of the day, beginning at twelve o'clock at night and ex- 
tending to twelve at noon. — Popularly, the time between 
dawn and the middle of the forenoon ; also, all that part 
of the day before dinner. — 2. Figuratively, the first or 
early part. 

MORNING, a. Pertaining to the first part or early part of 
the day ; being in the early part of the day. 

MORN'ING-GOWN, n. A gown worn in the morning be- 

■ fore one is formally dressed. — Addiscn. 

MORN'ING-STiR, n. The planet Venus, when it precedes 
the sun hi rising, and shines in the morning. 

MO-ROCCO, n. A fine kind of leather prepared from goat 
or sheep skin, and tanned with sumach : said to be bor- 
rowed from the Moors. 

MO-RoNE', n. A deep crimson color. See Maroon. 

MO-RoSE', a. [L. morosus ; It., Sp. moroso.] Of a soil.' 
temper. — Syn. Sullen ; gruff ; severe ; austere ; gloomy ; 
splenetic ; crabbed ; crusty ; churlish ; sorly ; ill-humored ; 
ill-natured. 

MO-RoSE'LY, adv. Sourly ; with sullen austerity. 

MO-RoSE'NESS, n. Sourness of temper ; sullenness. Mo- 
roseness is not precisely peevishness or fretfulness, though 
often accompanied with it. It denotes more of silence 
and severity or ill-humor than the irritability or irritation 
which characterizes peevishness. 

1 MO-ROS1-TY, n. Moroseness.— Shah. 

MO-ROX'iTE, n. [L. morns.] One of the varieties of native 
phosphate of lime, of a mulberry color. 

MO-ROX-YL'IC, a. Morozylic acid is a vegetable acid ob- 
tained from a saline exudation from the morus alba, or 
white mulberry. 

MOR'PHE-US, n, [Gr.] In mythology, the god of dreams. 

MORTHEW (-phu), n. [It. morfea.] A scurf on the face. 

MOR'PHEW, v. t. To cover with scurf.— Bishop Hall. 

MOR'PHI-NA, } n. [Gr. ^opjptii.] A vegetable alkaloid ex- 

MOR'PHI-A, V tracted from opium, of which it consti- 

MOR'PHINE, j tutes one of the narcotic principles. 

MOR-PHO-LOGlC-AL. a. Belonging to morphology. 

MOR-PHOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. /lo/J^and Aoyd?.] That depart- 
ment of botany which treats of the metamorphosis of 
organs. 
MOR'RIS, } n. [Fr. moresque.] 1. A Moorish dance ; a 
MOR'RlCE, j dance in imitation of the Moors, as sarabands, 
chacons, &c, usually performed with castanets, tambours, 
&c. 2. A kind of game sometimes played in the field 
with nine holes in the ground, and called nine men's mor- 
ris ; sometimes played on a board.— Shah. — Forby. 
MOR'RIS-DaNCE, n. A kind of dance. See Morris. 
MOR'RIS-DaN-CER, n. One who dances a morris-dance. 
MORHIS-PIKE, n. A Moorish pike. 
MORTtoW, n. [Sax. morgen.] 1. The day n ext after the 

DOVE 



present. 2. The next day subsequent to any day speciheu 
— Good-morrow, a term of salutation ; good-morning. 

MORSE (mors), n. [Russ. morj.] In zoology, the sea-horde 
or walrus, an animal of the genus trichechus. It is some- 
times 18 feet long, weighing 2000 pounds. 

MOR'SEL, 7i. [L. morsus.] 1. A bite ; a mouthful ; a small 
piece of food. 2. A piece ; a meal ; something to be eaten. 

3. A small quantity of something not eatable ; [improper.! 
MOR'SURE, n. The act of biting. 

MORT, n. [Ft.] 1. A tune sounded at the death of game 
2. A salmon in his third year. 

MORTAL, a. [L. mortalis.] 1. Subject to death ; destined 
to die. 2. Deadly ; destructive to life ; fatal. 3. Bringing 
death ; terminating life. 4. Deadly in malice or purpose , 
as, a mortal enemy. 5. Exposing to certain death j incur- 
ring the penalty of death ; condemned to be punished with 
death ; not venial, as sin. 6. Human ; belonging to man 
who is mortal. 7. Extreme ; violent ; as, a mortal fright ; 
[ not elegant. ] 7. Vexing ; tormenting ; as, six mortal 
hours did I endure her loquacity. — Walter Scott ; [usually 
sportive.] 

MOR'TAL, n. Man ; a being subject to death ; a human 
being. 

MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. [L. mortalitas.] 1. Subjection to death 
or the necessity of dying. 2. Death. 3. Frequency of 
death ; actual death of great numbers of men or beasts. 

4. Human nature. 5. Power of destruction. — Shak 
MOR'TAL-lZE, v. t. To make mortal.— Broome. 
MOR'TAL-IZED, pp. Made mortal. 
MORTAL-iZ-ING, ppr. Making mortal. 
MOR'TAL-LY, adv. 1. Irrecoverably ; in a manner that 

must cause dea'di. — Dryden. 2. In the highest possible 
degree. 

MOR'TAR, ?i. [L. mortar ium; Fr. mortier.] 1. A vessel 
made of iron, stone, &c, in which substances are pounded 
or bruised with a pestle. 2. A short piece of ordnance 
with a large bore, used for throwing bombs. 

MOR'TAR, 7i. [D. mortel; Fr. mortier.] A mixture of lime 
and sand with water, used as a cement for uniting stones 
and bricks in walls. 

f MOR'TER, n. [Fr. mortier.] A chamber-lamp or light. 

MORTGAGE (mor'gaje), n. [Fr. mort and gage.] 1. Liter- 
ally, a dead pledge ; the grant of an estate in fee as secu- 
rity for the payment of money, with a condition that, if 
the money be paid according to agreement, the grant shall 
be void. 2. The state of being pledged. 3. A pledge of 
goods or chattels by a debtor to a creditor, as security for 
a debt. 

MORTGAGE (mor'gaje), v. t. 1. To grant an estate in fee 
as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a 
certain time. 2. To pledge ; to make liable to the pay- 
ment of any debt or expenditure. 

MORTGAGE-DEED, n. A deed given by way of mortgage. 

MORTGAGED (mor'gajd), pp. or a. Conveyed in fee as 
security for the payment of money. 

MOE.T-GA-GEE' (mor-ga-jee'), n. The person to whom an 
estate is mortgaged. 

MORT'GA-gEB. (mor'ga-jer), n. The person who grants an 
estate as security for a debs, as above specified. If ac- 
cented on the last syllable, the spelling should be mori- 
gage-of. 

MORTGA-GlNG (mor'ga-jing^, ppr. Conveying iii fee, as 
security for the payment of money ; nlecgiEf. 

MOR-TIF-ER-OUS, a. [L. mortifer.] Bringing or pre dv ping 
death; deadly; fatal; destructive. 

MOR-TI-FI-€a'TION, n, [Fr.] 1. In medicine and s^gery, 
the death of one part of an animal body, while tho ros£ is 
alive ; gangrene. — 2. In Scripture, the act of subduirg the 
passions and appetites by penance, abstinence, nr painful 
severities inflicted on the body. 3. Humiliation or vexa- 
tion; the state of being humbled cr depressed by disap- 
pointment, vexation, crosses, or any thing that wounds or 
abases pride. 4. Destruction cf active qualities. — / 
[applied to metals.] — 5. In Scottish law, a bequest to some 
literary or religious institution ; nearly synonymou? with 
mortmain . — Bran de. 

MOR'TI-FlED, pp. or a. 1. Affected by gangrene or losa 
of vitality. 2. Humbled ; subdued ; abased. 

MORTI-FLED-NESS, n. Humiliation ; subjection of thp 
passions. — Taylor. 

MOR/TI-Fl-ER, 7i. He or that which mortifies. 

MOR'TI-FY, v. t. [Fr. mortifier.] 1. To destroy the organic 
texture and vital functions ot some part of a living animal. 
2. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the bodily appe- 
tites by abstinence or rigorous severities. 3. To subdue ; 
to abase ; to humble ; to reduce ; to restrain, as inordinate 
passions. 4. To humble ; to depress ; to affect with slight 
vexation. 5. To destroy active powers or essential quali- 
ties. — Bacon. 

MOE'TI-FY, v. i. 1. To lose vitality, as flesh ; to gangrene. 
2. To be subdued. 3. To practice severities and penanc« 
from religious motives. 

MOR'TI-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Changing from soundness to gan- 



BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH «s in this, t Obsolete. 



MOT 



656 



MOT 



; losing vitality. 2. Subduing ; humbling ; restrain- 
lrnx. 3. a. Humiliating ; tending to humble or abase. 

MORTI-FY-ING-LY, adv. In a mortifying manner. 

MORTISE (mor'tis), n. [Fr. mortaise.] A cut or hollow 
place made in timber, to receive the tenon of another piece 
of timber. 

MORTISE, v. t. 1. To cut or make a mortise in. 2. To 
join timbers by a tenon and mortise. 

MORTISi? D (mor'tist), pp. Having a mortise ; joined by a 
mortise and tenon. 

MORTIS-ING, ppr. Making a mortise ; uniting by a mor- 
tise and tenon. 

MORTMAIN, n. [Fr. mort and main.] In law, possession of 
lands or tenements in dead hands, or hands that can not 
alienate. — Alienation in mortmain is an alienation of lands, 
tenements, or hereditaments, to any corporation, sole or 
aggregate, guild, or fraternity. — Brande. 

f MORT'PaY, n. [Fr. mort and pay.] Dead pay; payment 
not made. — Bacon. 

t MOB/TRESS, n. A dish of meat, of various kinds, beaten 
together. — Bacon. 

MORTU-A-RY, n. [Fr. mortuaire.] 1. A sort of ecclesias- 
tical heriot, a customary gift claimed by and due to the 
minister of a parish, on the death of a parishioner ; [En- 
gland.] 2. A burial-place. 

MORTU-A-RY, a. Belonging to the burial of the dead. 

MO'RUS MULTI-CAU'LIS, n. [L., many-leafed mulberry.] 
A sort of mulberry, called, also, the Chinese mulberry, 
whose leaves are much used for feeding silk-worms. 

MO-SITG, In. [Fr. mosaique.] 1. An assemblage 

MO-S.l'IC-WORK, 5 of little pieces of glass, marble, pre- 
cious stones, &.c, of vaiious colors, cut square and ce- 
mented on a ground of stucco, in such a manner as to 
imitate the colors and gradations of painting. 

MO-SaTG, \a. [from Moses.] 1. Pertaining to Moses, 

MO-Sa'I€-AL, 5 the leader of the Israelites. 2. Pertaining 
to or composed of mosaic. 

MOS-A-SAU'RUS, n. [L. Mosa, Maastricht, and Gr. cavpoS, 
lizard.] The name of a saurian reptile, related to the 
crocodile, whose remains are found in beds of clay, near 
Meestricht, in Germany. 

MOS'-GHA-TEL, n. [from Gr. fioaxoS-] A small tuberous- 
rooted European plant with pale-green flowers of a musky 
smell. 

MOS'LEM, n. A Mussulman; an orthodox Mohammedan. 

MOSQUE, ) (mosk), n. [Fr. mosquee , It. mosckea ; Ar. masji- 

MOSK, I don.] A Mohammedan temple or place of re- 
ligious worship. 

MOS-QUi'TO (mos-ke'to), n. See Musquito. 

MOSS, n. 'Sax. meos ; Ger. moos ; D. mos.] 1. In botany, a 
term applied to a natural order of small herbaceous plants, 
musci, having simple branching stems and numerous nar- 
row leaves. — In popular language, the term moss is applied 
to any minute, small-leafed, cryptogamic plant, particularly 
the lichens ; as, Iceland-moss, club-moss, &c. 2. [Sw. mase.] 
A bog ; a place where peat is found. 

MOSS, v. t. To cover with moss by natural growth. 

MOSS-GAPP.ED (-kapt), a. Capped with moss. 

MOSS-CLAD, a. Clad or covered with moss. 

MOSS-GROWN, a. Overgrown with moss. 

MOSS -LAND, n. Land produced by the accumulation of 
aquatic plants, forming peat-bogs of more or less consist- 
ency, as the water is drained otf or retained in its pores. 
—P. Cyc. 

MOSS'-TROOP-ER, n. A term applied to certain bandits 
that formerly infested the border country between En- 
gland and Scotland. The name is derived from the char- 
acter of the country over which they " trooped," it being 
extensively moss or morass. 

MOSSED (mosst), pp. Overgrown with moss. 

MOSS'I-NESS, n. The state of being overgrown with moss. 

MOSSY, a. 1. Overgrown with moss ; abounding with 
moss. 2. Covered with moss, or bordered with moss. 

M6ST, a. ; superl. of more. [Sax. mast; D., Dan. meest; Ger. 
meist.] 1. Consisting of the greatest number. 2. Consist- 
ing of the greatest quantity ; greatest. 

MOST, adv. 1. In the greatest or highest degree. — As most 
is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before 
any adjective ; as, most vile. 
MOST, n. [used as a substitute for a noun, when the 2ioun 
is omitted or understood.] 1. The greatest number or 
part. — 2. The most, the greatest value, amount, or advant- 
age, or the utmost in extent, degree, or effect. — At the 
most, the greatest degree or quantity ; the utmost extent. 
MOSTIC, n. [Ger. mahlerstock.] A maulstick or painter's 

staff or stick on which he rests his hand in painting. 
MoST'LY, adv. For the greatest part. 
t MoSTWHAT, adv. For the most part.— Hammond. 
MOT, n. [Fr.] 1. Literally, a word ; hence, a motto.— Bp. 
Hall. 2. A note or brief strain on a bugle. — Walter Scott. 
MOTE, [Sax. mot,] in folkmote, &c, signifies a meeting. 
MOTE, n. [Sax. mot ; Sp. mota.] A small particle ; any thing 
proverbially small ; a spot. 



t MOTE, for mought, might, or must. — Spenser. 

MOTET, n. [Fr.] A musical composition of a sacred char- 
acter, consisting of from one to eight parts. — Brande. 

MOTH, n. [Sax. mogthe, mohth, moth.] 1. A small animal 
which breeds in yarn and garments, and often eats and 
destroys them.— 2. Figuratively, that which gradually and 
silently eats, consumes, or wastes any thing. 

MOTH'-kAT, v. t. [moth and eat.] To eat orprey upon, as 
a motheats a garment. — Herbert. 

MOTH-EAT-.EN, pp. or a. Eaten by moths.— Job, xiii. 

MOTH'-MUL-LEN, n. A plant.— Miller. 

MOTH'-WORT (-wurt), n. A plant. 

t MOTH.EN, a. Full of moths.— Fulke. 

MOTHER (mufh'er), n. [Sax. moder ; D. moeder ; Ger. mm. 
ter ; Sw. and Dan. moder; Ir. mathair ; Gr. uarnp; L. ma- 
ter ; It., Sp., Port, madrc.] 1. A female parent ; especially, 
one of the human race ; a woman who has borne a child. 
2. That which has produced any thing. 3. That which 
has preceded hi time ; the oldest or chief of any thing. 
4. Hysterical passion. — Graunt ; [obs.] 5. A familiar term 
of address or appellation of an old woman or matron. 

6. An appellation given to a woman who exercises caro 
and tenderness toward another, or gives parental advice. 

7. A thick, slimy substance concreted in liquors, particu- 
larly in vinegar. 

MOTHER, a. 1. Native; natural; received by birth. 2 
Native ; vernacular ; received from parents or ancestors. 

MOTHER (mufh'er), v. i. To concrete, as the thick matter 
of liquors. — Dryden. 

MOTHER, v. t. To adopt as a son or daughter. — Howell. 

MOTHER Ca'REY'S CHICK'EN, n. A name given by 
sailors to the storm petrel. 

MOTHER-IN-LAW, n. The mother of a husband or wife. 

MOTHER-LAND, n. The land of one's mother or pa- 
rents. 

MOTHER-OF-PEARL, n. The hard, silvery, brilliant, in 
temal layer of several kinds of shells, particularly oysters, 
which is often variegated with changing purple and azure 
colors. — Ure. 

MOTH'ER-OF-THYME, n. A plant of the genus thymus. 

MOTHER-WATER, n. A solution from which crystals 
have been obtained, and which still contains deliquescent 
salts and impurities. — Ure. 

MOTHER-WIT, n. Native wit ; common sense. 

MOTH'ER-WORT, n. A bitter herb, used popularly in 
medicine. 

MOTHER-HOOD, n. The state of being a mother. 

MOTHER-ING, n. To go a mothering, is to visit parents _>n 
Midlent Sunday ; this is called, also, midlenting. 

MOTHER-LESS, a. Destitute of a mother. 

MOTH'ER-LY (mufli'er-le), a. 1. Pertaining to a mother. 
2. Becoming a mother ; tender ; parental. — Arbuthnot. 

MOTH'ER-LY, adv. In the manner of a mother. 

MOTHER-Y (mufli'er-e), a. Concreted ; resembling or par 
taking of the nature of mother. 

MOTH'Y, a. Full of moths.— Shak. 

MO-TIF'IC, a. [L. motus and facio.] Producing motion. - 
Good. 

MOTION, n. [L. motio ; Fr. motion.] 1. The act or process 
of changing place ; change of local position ; the passing 
of a body from one place to another ; change of distance 
between bodies ; opposed to rest. 2. Animal life and ac- 
tion. 3. Manner of moving the body ; port ; gait ; air. 
4. Change of posture ; action. 5. Military march or move- 
ment. 6. Agitation. 7. Internal action ; excitement. 8. 
Direction ; tendency. — Milton. 9. The effect of impulse ; 
action proceeding from any cause, external or internal. 
10. Proposal made; proposition offered; particularly, o 
proposition made in a deliberative assembly. 11. A pup- 
pet-show or puppet. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

MOTION, v. t. To propose. See Move. [Little used.] 

MOTION, v. i. 1. To make a significant movement or ges- 
ture with the hand ; as, to motion to one to take a seat. — 
Walter Scott. 2. To make proposal ; to offer plans. — Mil- 
ton. [Little used.] 
\ MOTIONS D, pp. Moved; proposed. 
j t MOTION-ER, n. A mover. 
! MOTION-ING, ppr. Proposing. 
i Mo'TION-IST, 7i. One who makes a motion. 
I MOTION-LESS, a. Wanting motion ; being at rest. 
J MOTIVE, a. Causing motion ; having power to move, ui 
tending to move.— Hooker. 

MOTIVE, n. [It., Sp., Port, motivo ; Fr. motif.] 1. That 
which incites to action ; that which determines the choice 
or moves the will. 2. That which may or ought to incite 
to action. 3. A mover; [o6s.]— Syn. Incentive; incite- 
ment ; inducement ; reason ; spur ; stimulus ; cause. 

MO-TIV'I-TY, n. 1. The power of producing motion. 2. 
The quality of being influenced by motives.— Dr. Dwight. 

MOTLEY, a. [W. ysmot.] 1. Variegated in color ; consist- 
ing of different colors ; dappled. The domestic fool of the 
great formerly wore a party-colored coat of calf-skin. 
Hence, in Shakspeare, Lear says, "Motley's your only 



4 See Synopsis. I % I, &c, long.—X, e, 1, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



MOU 



657 



MOT' 



• v. i. To contract mold; to become moldy. 



A mole. 



. [Sax. mold and weorpan, 

That may be molded or formed. 

. Formed into a particulai 
kneaded. 2. Covered with mold. 

i. He who molds or forms into shape. 



t. To turn to dust ; to crumble ; to waste. 



wear.*' 2. Composed of different or various parts, char- 
acters, or kinds ; diversified. 

MOT'LEY-MiND'ED. a. Having diversified views and feel- 
ings.— SAafc. 

MoTOR, n. [L.] A mover.— Volta. 

Mo'TOR-Y, a. Giving motion ; as, motory muscles. — Ray. 

MOTTLED (moftld), a. Marked with spots of different 
colors or shades of color, as if stained; maculated. 

MOTTO, n. ; pi. Mottoes. [It. ; Sp., Port mote ; Fr. mot.] 
Primarily, a word ; but, more commonly, a sentence or 
phrase prefixed to an essay or discourse, containing the 
subject of it, or added to a device. 

I MOUGHT (mowt). Used for might; the pret. of the old 
verb mowe. now converted into may. — Fairfax. 

MOULD, )n. [Sax. mold, molda, myl ; W. mol] 1. Fine, 

MOLD, ) soft earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as 
constitutes soil 2. A substance like down, which forms 
on bodies which he long in warm and damp air. 3. Mat- 
ter of which any thing is formed. [The prevalent spell- 
ing is mould ; but as the u has been omitted in all the other 
words of this class, as gold, bold, old, cold, &c, it seems 
desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it in this 
word, as was done by Spenser, South, and many others.] 

MOULD, ? n. [Sp. molde ; Fr. moule ; W. mold.) 1. The 

MoLD, > matrix in which any thing is cast and receives 
its form. 2. Cast; form. 3. The suture or contexture 
of the skull. 4. The body, as giving shape to the gar- 
ments. Shale. — 5. In ship-building, a thin, flexible piece 
of timber, used as a partem by which to form the curves 
of the timbers and compassing pieces. — 6. Among gold- 
beaters, a number of pieces of vellum, or a like substance, 
laid over one another, between which the leaves of gold 
and silver are laid for beating. [For spelling, see Mould 
above.] 

MOULD, > v. t. 1. To cause to contract mold. — Knolles. 2. 

MOLD, > To cover with mold or soil. — Edwards. [For 
spelling, see Mould above.] 

MOULD " 

MOLD, 

MoULD, ) v. t. To form into a particular shape ; to shape ; 

MOLD, j to fashion; to model. — Milton. 2. To knead. 
— Ainsworth. 

MOULD'-WARP, 

MOLD'-WARP, 

MOULD'A-BLE, \ 

MOLD'A-BLE, J 

MoULD'ED, > pp. 1. Formed into a particular shape 

MOLD'ED, ' 

MOULD'ER, ? 

MOLD'ER, j 

MoULD'ER ^v. i. [Dan. mulner.] 1. To turn to dust by 

MoLD'ER, 3 natural decay ; to crumble ; to perish. 2. 
To be diminished ; to waste away gradually. 

MOULD'ER. " 

MOLD'ER, 

MoULD'ER-ING, \ppr. or a. Turning to dust; crumbling ; 

MOLD'ER-ING, 3 wasting away. 

MOLDl-NEsff' } n - The £tate of hehl " mold y- 

MOULDING,"} r- • • . x- , 

MOI DING \PP r - Forming m to shape ; kneading. 

MOULDING, In. Any thing cast in a mold, or which ap 
MOLDING, 5 pears to be so.— In architecture, a project 

ure beyond the wall, column, wainscot, &c. 
MOULD'Y, " 
MOLDT, 

MoULT, ? v. i. [W. moel. The prevalent spelling is moult, 

MOLT, ) Dut as the w is omitted in all the other words 

of this class, as bolt, dolt, colt, &c, it would be desirable to 

complete the analogy by dropping it in this word, as many 

distinguished writers have done.] To shed or cast the 

hair, feathers, skin, horns, &c, as an animal. 

MOULT, ? n. The act or process of changing the feathers, 

MOLT, i &c. ; molting.— P. Cyc. 

MoULT'lNG, Ippr. Casting or shedding a natural cover- 
MoLTING, 3 ing, as hair, feathers, skin, or horns. 
MOULTING, { n. The operation by which certain animals 
MoLT'ING, 5 cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, 
horns, <fcc. 

tifAUNCH! }°" r - Tochew - &« Munch. 

MOUND, n. [Sax. mund.] 1. Something raised as a defense 
or fortification, usually a bank of earth or stone ; a bul- 
wark ; a rampart or fence. 2. Something raised ; an arti- 
ficial elevation of earth. 

MOUND, fl. t. To fortify with a mound.— Johnson. 

MOUNDED, pp. Surrounded or defended by mounds. 

MOUND'ING, ppr. Defending by a mound. 

MOUNT, v. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise on high ; to ascend. 
2. To rise ; to ascend ; to tower ; to be built to a great 
altitude. 3. To get on horseback. 4. To leap upon any 
animal. 5. To amount ; to rise in value. 

MOUNT, v. t. 1. To raise aloft; to lift on high. 2. To as- 



Overgrown with mold. — Addison. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J , S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this 
Tt 



cend; to climb ; to scale ; to get upon an elevated place. 
3. To place one's self on horseback. 4. To furnish with 
horses. 5. To prepare for use ; to set off to advantage, or 
embellish ; as, to mount a sword, i. e._ to furnish it with a 
hilt, scabbard, &c. ; to mount a map, i. e., to prepare it for 
use by attaching it to canvas, &c. ; to mount a diamond, 
i. e., to set it in frame-work. 6. To carry ; to be furnished 
with ; as, a vessel mounts twenty guns. 7. To raise and 
place on a carriage, as a cannon.— To mount guard, to take 
the station and do the duty of a sentinel. 
MOUNT, n. [Fr. mont; Sax. munt ; It., Port., Sp. montt; 
L. mons.] 1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising 
considerably above the common surface of the surrouncf- 
ing land ; a mountain or hill. 2. A mound ; a bulwark 
for offense or defense. 3. Formerly, a bank or fund of 
money; [obs.]— Mounts of Piety, see Lombard. 
MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended or mounted. 
MOUNTAIN (mount'in), n. [Fr. montagne.) A large mass 
of earth and rock, rising above the common level of the 
earth or adjacent land, but of no definite altitude. 
MOUNTAIN, a. Pertaining to a mountain ; found oo 

mountains ; growing or dwelling on a mountain. 
MOUNTAIN-ASH, n. An ornamental tree, of the genua 

pyrus or sorbus, with beautiful bunches of red berries. 
MOUNTAIN-BLuE, n. Blue malachite. 
MOUNTAIN-CORK, n. A variety of asbestus, resembling 

cork in its texture.— Dana. 
MOUNTAIN-DEW, n. A name given to genuine Scotch 
whisky, as being often secretly distilled in the mountains 
of Scotland. — F.ncyc. Am. 
MOUNTAIN-GREEN, n. Green malachite. 
MOUNTAIN-LeATH'ER. n. A variety of asbestus, resem- 
bling leather in its texture. — Dana. 
MOUNT AIN-PaRS'LEY, n. A European herb. 
MOUNTAIN-ROSE, n. A plant. 

MOUNTAIN-SoAP, n. A soft, earthy, brownish-black min- 
eral, used in cravon-painting. 
MOUNTAIN-TAL'LOW, n. A mineral found in Sweden 
and Scotland, which melts at 118° Fahr., and is soluble in 
alcohol. 
MOUNT-AIN-EER', \n. 1. An inhabitant of a mountain. 
MOUNTAIN-ER, 5 2. A rustic ; a freebooter ; a savage 
f MOUNTALN-ET, n. A small mountain ; a hillock. 
MOUNT'AIN-OUS, a. 1. Full of mountains. 2. Large, as a 
mountain; huge. 3. Inhabiting mountains. — Bacoii~; [obs.] 
MOUNTAIN-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being full of 

moun tains. — Brerexcood. 
MOUNTANT, a. [Fr. montant.] Rising on high.— Shak. 
MOUNTE-BANK, n. [It. montare and banco.] 1. One who 
mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public 
place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends 
medicines which he pretends are "infallible remedies ; a 
quack. 2. Any boastful and false pretender. 
MOUNTE-BANK, v. t. To cheat by boasting and false pre 

tenses ; to gull. — Shah. 
MOUNT'E-BANK-ER-Y. n, Quackery : boastful and vain 

pretenses. — Hammond. 
MOUNTED, pp. or a. B.aised ; seated on horseback ; placed 
on a carriage ; prepared for use, or embellished ; furnished 
with guns, 
t MOUNTEN-aUNCE, n. Amount in space.— Spenser. 
MOUNTER, n. One who mounts or ascends. 
MOUNTING, ppr. Rising ; soaring ; placing on horseback , 
ascending an eminence ; preparing for use, or embellish- 
DE- 
MOUNTING, n. 1. In general, the act of mounting. 2. The 
act of preparing for use, or embellishing. [Sec Mount, 
v. t., No. 5.] 3. "That by which any thing is prepared for 
use or set off to advantage ; equipment ; embellishment 
as, the mounting of a sword or jewel. 
MOUNTTNG-LY. adv. By rising or ascending. 
MOUNTY, n. The rise of a hawk.— Sidney. 
MoURN, v. i. [Sax. murnan, myman.] 1. To express grief 
or sorrow ; to be sorrowful. 2. To wear the customary 
habit of sorrow. — Syn. To grieve; sorrow; lament 
MOURN, v. t. 1. To grieve for ; to lament. 2. To utter in 

a sorrowful manner. 
tMOURNE (morn), n. [Fr. morne.] The round end of a 
staff; the part of a lance to which the steel or ferrule is* 
fixed. 
MOURN .ED, pp. Grieved for ; lamented. 
MOURN'ER, n. 1. One who mourns or is grieved at any 
loss or misfortune. 2. One who follows a funeral in the 
habit of mourning. 3. Something used at funerals. 
Dry den. 
MOUPiN'FUL, a. 1. Intended to express sorrow, or exhib- 
iting the appearance of grief. — Sfiak. 2. Causing sorrow. 
3. Feeling grief— Syn. Sorrowful ; lugubrious ; sad ; dole- 
ful: heavy"; afflictive ; grievous^ calamitous. 
MOURN'FU L-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of sorrow , 

with sorrow. — Mai., hi. 
MOURN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Sorrow; grief; state of mourn 
ing. 2. Appearance or expression of grief 

t Obsolete 



MOV 



658 



MOY 



MOURNING, ppr. or a. Grieving ; lamenting : sorrowing ; 

wearing the appearance of sorrow. 
MoURN'ING, n. 1. The act of sorrowing or expressing 
grief ; lamentation ; sorrow. 2. The dress or customary 
habit worn by mourners. 
M0URN'ING-D6VE, n. A species of dove, so named from 

its plaintive note ; also called the Carolina turtle-dove. 
MoURN'ING-LY, adv. With the appearance of sorrow. 
MOUSE, n, ; pi. Mice. r Sax., Sw., L. mus.] 1. A small 
rodent quadruped, of the genus mus, which infests dwell- 
ing-houses, granaries, &c. — 2. Among seamen, a knob 
formed on a rope by spun-yarn or parceling. 
MOUSE (mouz), v. i. 1. To watch for and catch mice. — 
Shah. 2. To watch for or pursue in a sly manner. — Joint 
Foster. 
MOUSE (mouz), v. t. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse. — 
To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a small line 
across the apper part, to prevent unhooking. 
MOUSE'-eAR, n. A name of several herbs, on account of 

the shape and velvety surface of their leaves. 
MOUSE'-HAWK, n. [Sax. mus-hafuc.] A hawk that de- 
vours mice. 
MOUSE'-HOLE, n. A hole where mice enter or pass ; a 

very small hole or entrance. — Stillingfleet. 
MOUSE'-HUNT, 11. 1. A hunting for mice. 2. A mouser ; 

one who hunts mice. — Shah. 
MOUSE'-TaIL, n. An annual plant, with seeds on a long, 
slender receptacle, resembling the tail of a mouse. — 
Loudon. 
MOUSE'-TRAP, n. A trap for catching mice.— Prior. 
MOUS'ER, n. One who catches mice. 
MOUSING, ppr. Pursuing or catching mice ; tearing, as a 

cat devours a mouse. 
MoUS-TacHE'. [Fr.] See Mustache. 
MOUTH, n. [Sax. muth.] 1. The aperture in the head of 
an animal, between the lips, by which he utters his voice 
and receives food. 2. The opening of a vessel by which 
it is filled or emptied. 3. The part or channel of a river 
by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into 
a lake. 4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the end, 
by which the charge issues. 5. The aperture of a vessel 
in animal bodies, by which fluids or other matter is re- 
ceived or discharged. 6. The opening or entrance of a 
cave, pit, well, or den. — Dan., viii. 7. The instrument of 
.speaking. 8. A principal speaker ; one who utters the 
^common opinion. 9. Cry ; voice. — 10. In Scripture, words 
uttered. — Job, xix. 11. Desires ; necessities. — Ps. chi. 
12. Freedom and boldness of speech; force of argument.— 
Luke, xxi. 13. Boasting ; vaunting.— Judges, ix. 14. Test- 
imony. — Dent., xvii. 15. Reproaches ; calumnies. — Job, v. 
To make a mouth, or to make mouths. 1. To distort the 
mouth; to make a wry face; hence, to deride or treat 
with scorn.— Addison. 2. To pout ; to treat disdainfully. 
—Down in the mouth, dejected; mortified. L' Estrange. 
^•To stop the mouth, to silence, or to be silent ; to put to 
shame ; to confound. — Rom., hi. 
MOUTH, v. t. 1. To utter with a voice affectedly big or 
swelling. 2. To take into the mouth ; to seize with the 
mouth. 3. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat; to de- 
vour.— Shak. 4. To form by the mouth, as a bear her 
cub ; [not used.] 5. To reproach ; to insult. — Blair. 
MOUTH, v. i. To epeak with a full, roxmd, or loud, affected 

voice ; to vociferate ; to rant.— Addison. 
MOUTH'-FRlF.ND (-frend), n. One who professes friend- 
ship without entertaining it ; a pretended friend. 
MOUTH-HON-OR, n. Civility expressed without sincerity. 
MOUTH'-MaDE, a. Expressed without sincerity. 
MOUTH'-PIkCE, n. 1. The piece of a musical wind instru- 
ment to which the mouth is applied. 2. One who delivers 
the opinions of others. 
MOUTHED, pp. 1. Uttered with a full, swelling, affected 
voice. 2. Taken into the mouth ; chewed. 3. a. Fur- 
nished with a mouth ; [used chiefly in composition.] 4. 
Borne down or overpowered by clamor. 
MOUTHER, n. One who mouths ; an affected speaker or 

declaimer. 
MOUTHFUL, n. 1. As much as the mouth contains at once. 
. 2. A quantity proverbially small ; a small quantity. 
MOUTHING, ppr. or a. _ Uttering with an afiected, swelling 

voice. 
MOUTHTNG, n. An affected, swelling utterance ; pompous 

delivery. 
MOUTHLESS, a. Destitute of a mouth. 
MO VA-BLE (moov'a-bl), a. 1. That may be moved ; that 
can or may be lifted, carried, drawn, turned, or conveyed, 
or in any way made to change place or posture ; suscept- 
ible of motion. 2. That may or does change from one 
time to another ; as, movable feasts, i. e., church festivals, 
commemorating different events recorded in the New 
Testament, the time of which varies from year to year. 
MOVA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being mov- 
able ; mobility ; susceptibility of motion. 
MOVA-BLES (-biz), n. pi. Goods, wares, commodities, fur- 



niture ; any species of property not fixed, and thus dls 
tinguished from houses and lands. The singular, movable 
is sometimes used. 

MOVA-BLY, adv. So that it may be moved. — Grew. 

MOVE (moove), v. t. [L. moveo ; It. movere.] 1. To carry, 
convey, or draw from one place to another ; to cause te 
change place or posture in any manner or by any means. 

2. To excite into action. 3. To cause to act or determine. 
4. To prevail on ; to excite from a state of rest or indif- 
ference. 5. To excite tenderness, pity, or grief in the 
heart ; to touch pathetically ; to excite feeling in. 6. To 
make angry ; to provoke ; to irritate. 7. To excite tumult 
or commotion. 8. To exert an influence on by secret 
agency. 9. To shake ; to cause to tremble. 10. To bring 
forward for consideration and determination, as a resolu 
tion. 11. To bring forward for acceptance ; to recom- 
mend to favor, as a suit.— Dryden. 12. To give an impulse 
to ; to set on ; as, moved with envy. — Syn. To stir ; agi- 
tate ; trouble ; affect ; persuade ; influence ; actuate ; im- 
pel ; rouse ; prompt ; instigate ; incite ; induce ; incline ; 
propose ; offer. 

MoVE, v. i. 1. To change place or posture ; to stir ; to pass 
or go in any manner or direction from one place or part 
of space to another. 2. To have action. 3. To have the 
power of action. 4. To walk. 5. To march. 6. To trem- 
ble; to shake. 7. To change residence. 8. To propose 
something to an organized meeting, for consideration and 
determination. 

MOVE, n. The act of moving ; a movement ; the act of 
transferring from place to place, as in chess. 

MOVED (moovd), pp. Stirred; excited. 

MOVE'LESS, a. That can not be moved ; fixed. 

MOVE'MENT, n. [Fr. mouvement.] 1. Motion; a passing, 
progression, shaking, turning, or flowing ; any change of 
position in a material body. 2. The manner of moving. 

3. Excitement; agitation. — 4. In music, any single strain 
or part having the same measure or time.— 5. In horology 
the entire wheel-work of a clock or watch ; all except the 
case. — 6. In European politics, the movement denotes a 
party, who are aiming at continual advances toward the 
establishment of popular rights. It is opposed to the con 
servative party. — Brande. 

Mo'VENT, a. [L. movens.) Moving ; not quiescent. [Rare.) 

MOVENT, n. That which moves any thing. [Little used.] 

MOVER (moov'er), n. 1. The person or thing that gives 
motion, or impels to action. 2. He or that which moves 
3. A proposer ; one who offers a proposition. 

MOVING, ppr. or a. 1. Changing place or posture ; causing 
to move or act ; impelling ; instigating ; persuading ; infra 
encing. 2. a. Exciting the passions or affections ; touch 
ing; pathetic; affecting; adapted to excite or affect the 
passions. 

MOVING, n. Motive ; impulse.— South. 

MOVING-LY, adv. In a manner to excite the passions or 
affect sensibility ; pathetically. — Addison. 

MO VING-NESS, n. The power of affecting, as the passions 

MOW, n. [Sax. mowe or muga.] A heap, mass, or pile of 
hay or sheaves of grain deposited in a barn. 

MOW, v. t. To lay hay or sheaves of grain in a heap or 
mass in a barn, or to lay it in a suitable manner. 

MOW (mo), v. t. ; pret. mowed ; pp. mowed or mown. [Sax. 
mawan.] 1. To cut down with a scythe, as grass or other 
plants. 2. To cut the grass from, as a field. 3. To cut 
down with speed; to cut down indiscriminately, or in 
great numbers or quantity. 

MOW, v. i. 1. To cut grass; to practice mowing; to use 
the scythe. 2. To perform the business of mowing ; to cut 
and make grass into hay ; to gather the crop of grass, or 
other crop. 

t MOW, n. [from mouth.'] A wry face. — Shak. 

t MOW, v. i. To make mouths. — Ascham. 

MOW-BURN, v. i. To heat and ferment in the mow, as hay 
when housed too green. — Mortimer. 

MO W-BURNJED, pp. or a. Overheated or fermented in tho 
mow. 

t MOWE, v. i. To be able ; must; may. — Chaucer 

MOWED, pp. Put into a mow. 

MoWED, ? pp. or a. 1. Cut with a scythe. 2. Cleared of 

MoWN, 5 grass with a scythe, as land. 

MOWER, n. One who mows ; a man dextrous in the use 
of the scythe. 

MOWING, ppr. Putting into a mow. 

MoWTNG, ppr. Cutting down with a scythe. 

BIO WING, n. 1. The act of cutting with a scythe. 2. Lauo 
from which grass is cut. 

MOX'A, n. A soft, woolly substance made in Japan, from 
the Chinese mugwort, and used as an actual cautery by 
setting fire to a small cone of it placed on the skin. The 
term has been extended to any substance whose gradual 
combustion on or near the skin is used for the relief oi 
cure of disease. — P. Cyc. 

MOY'A, n. A term applied, in South America, to mud poured 
out from volcanoes during eruptions. — Lyell. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



vIUD 



659 



MUL 



MOYLE. An old spelling of moil and also of nut's.. 

MR. An abbreviation of mister, the common title prefixed 
to the names of men of all classes. See Mister. 

MRS. An abbreviation of mistress, the common title pre- 
fixed to the name of every married lady, and colloquially 
pronounced mis'ses. — In England the title is also prefixed 
to the names of elderly unmarried ladies. 

MUCH, a. [Sw. mycken; Sp. mucho ; It. rnucchio.] 1. Great 
in quantity or amount 2. Long in duration. 3. Many in 
number ; [obs.] 

MUCH, adv. 1. In a great degree ; by far ; [qualifying adjec- 
tives of the comparative degree ; as, muck more.] 2. To a 
great degree or extent ; [qualifying verbs and participles.] 
3. Often or long. 4. Nearly. 5. An exclamation of con- 
tempt implying sneering disbelief of an assertion. — Sliak. 

MUCH, n. 1. A great quantity ; a great deal. 2. More than 
enough; a heavy service or burden. 3. An uncommon 
thing ; something strange. — Bacon. 

As much. 1. An equal quantity ; [used as an adjective or 
noun.] 2. A certain or suitable quantity. 3. To an equal 
. degree ; [adverbially.] — So much, an equal quantity, or a 
certain quantity, [as a noun;] to an equal degree, or to a 
certain degree, [as an adverb.] — Too much, an excessive 
quantity, [as a noun ;] to an excessive degree, [as an ad- 
verb.] — To make much of. 1. To value, prize, or esteem 
highly. 2. To fondle. — Much at one, nearly of equal value, 
effect, or influence. 

MUCH-RE-GRETTED, a. Deeply resetted. 

MUCH'NESS, n. Quantity. — Whately. It is still used in 
the vulgar phrase much of a muchness, i. e., much of the 
same kind. — Smart. 

MUCHWHAT, adv. Nearly ; almost.— Locke. [Not elegant.] 

Mu'CIC, a. [from mucus.] The mucic acid is the same as 
the saccholactic. 

Mu'CID, a. [L. mucidus.] Musty; moldy; slimy. 

Mu'CID-NESS, n. Mustiness ; sliminess. — Ainsicorth. 

Mu'CI-LAgE, n. [Fr.; L. mucus.] 1. In chemistry, one of 
the proximate elements of vegetables. When it becomes 
solid it forms a gum. 2. The liquor which moistens and 
lubricates the ligaments and cartilages of the articulations 
or joints in animal bodies. 

MU-CI-LAgIN-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or secreting mucil- 
age. — Encyc. 2. Slimy ; ropy ; moist, soft, and lubricous ; 
partaking of the nature of mucilage. 

MU-CI-LAGlN-OUS-NESS, n. Sliminess ; the state of being 
mucilaginous. 

MU-CIP'A-ROUS, a. Secreting or producing mucus. 

MUCK, n. [Sax. meox, miox ; Dan. mug.] 1. Dung in a moist 
state, or a mass of decaying or putrefied vegetable matter. 
2. Something mean, vile, or filthy. — To run a muck [from 
Malay amock, to kill], to run madly, and attack all we meet. 
— Pope. 

MUCK, v. t. To manure with muck. — Tusser. 

MucK^inE ' } 1U A heap of muck -— Burton - 

MUCK'-RIKE, n. A rake for turning and collecting muck. 

MUCK'-SWeAT (muk'-swet), n. Profuse sweat. — Johnson. 

MUCK-W6RM (-wurm), n. 1. A worm that fives in muck. 
2. A miser ; one who scrapes together money by mean 
labor and devices. — Bunyan. 

I MUCK'EN-DER n. [Sp. mocadero ; Fr. mouchoir.] A pock- 
et-handkerchief. — Dorset. 

f MUCK'ER, v. t. [from muck.] To scrape together money 
by mean labor or shifts. 

f MUCK'ER-ER, n. A miser ; a niggard. — Chaucer. 

MUGK'I-NESS, n. Filthiness ; nastiness. — Johnson. 

\ MUCK'LE, a. [Sax. mycel] Much. 

MUCKY a. Filthy; nasty. — Spenser. 

Mu'COR n. [L.] Moldiness. A genus of fungi. All mold 
is considered to consist of small fungi or mushrooms. 

MU-€o'SO-SA€'€HA-RINE (-rine or -rin), a. Partaking of 
the qualities of mucilage and sugar. — Fourcroy. 

Mu'COUS (mu'kus), a. [L. mucus.] Pertaining to mucus, or 
resembling it ; slimy, ropy, and lubricous. The mucous 
membrane is a membranous lining of all the canals and 
cavities of the body which are exposed to the contact of 
air. It secretes the substance called mucus. 

Mu'COUS-NESS, n. The state of being mucous ; sliminess. 

Mu'CRO-NATE, )a. [L. mucronatus.] Narrowed to a 

Mu'CRO-Na-TED, ) point ; terminating in a point 

Mu'CU-LENT, a. [L. muculentus.] Slimy; moist and mod- 
erately viscous. 

MfJ'CUS, n. [L.] 1. A viscid fluid secreted by the mucous 
membrane, which it serves to moisten and defend. 2 
This term has also been applied to other animal fluids of a 
viscid quality, as the synovial fluid which rubricates the 
cavities of the joints. 

MUD, n. [D. modder ; G. moder.] Moist and soft earth of any 
kind, such as is found in marshes and swamps, at the bot- 
tom of rivers and ponds, or in highways after rain. 

MUD, v.t. 1. To bury in mud or slime. 2. To make tur- 
bid or foul with dirt ; to stir the sediment in liquors. 

MUD'-FISH, n. A fish, a species of the cyprinus kind. 



MUD'-SILL, n. In bridges, the sill that is laid at the bottom 
of a river, lake, &c. 

MUD'-SUCK-ER, n. An aquatic fowl.— Derham. 

MUD-WALL, n. 1. A wall composed of mud or of 6tone, 
&c, plastered with mud.— South. 2. A bird, the apiaster. 
— Ainsworth. 

MUD'-WALLED, a. Having a mud-wall.— Prior. 

MUD-W6RT, n. The least water plantain, an herb. 

MUDTJIED, pp. or a. Soiled with mud ; rendered turbid ; 
confused in mind. 

MUDTJl-LY, adv. Turbidly ; with foul mixture ; cloudily. 

MUD'DI-NESS, n. 1. Turbidness ; foulness caused by mud, 
dirt, or sediment. Addison. — 2. Figuratively, intellectual 
cloudiness or dullness. 

MUD'DLE, v. t. 1. To make foul, turbid, or muddy, as wa- 
ter. 2. To intoxicate partially ; to cloud or stupefy, par- 
ticularly with liquor. 
i MUD'DLE, v. i. To contract filth ; to be in a confused or 

dirty state. — Swift. 
! MUD'DLE, n. A confused or turbid state. — Smart. [Collo- 
quial.] 
I MUD'DLED, pp. Made turbid ; half drunk ; stupefied. 

MUD'DLING, ppr. Malting foul with dirt or dregs ; malting 
half drunk ; stupefying. 

MUD'DY, a. 1. Foul with dirt or fine earthy particles ; tur- 
bid, as water or other fluids. 2. Containing mud, as a 
street 3. Dirty ; dashed, soiled, or besmeared with mud. 
4. Consisting of mud or earth; gross; impure. 5. Dark; 
of the color of mud.— Swift. 6. Cloudy in mind ; dull ; 
heavy; stupid. 

MUD'DY, v. t. 1. To soil with mud; to dirty; to render 
turbid. 2. To cloud ; to make dull or heavy. — Grew. 

MUD'DY-HeAD'ED, a. Having a dull understanding. 

MUD'DY-MET'TLED, a. Dull-spirited.—- Shah 

MUD'D Y-ING, ppr. Soiling with mud ; rendering turbid : 
clouding. 

MuE. See Mew. 

MU-EZ'ZIN, n. A Mohammedan crier of the hour of prayer. 

MUFF, n. [Dan. muff or m,uffe; G. muff.] A warm cover 
for receiving the hand, usually made of fur or dressed 
skins. 

MUF'FIN, n. A light, round, spongy cake, baked on a grid- 
dle and buttered for the less substantial meals. — Smart. 

MUF'FLE, v. t. [D. moffclen.] 1. To cover from the weath- 
er by cloth, fur, or any garment ; to cover close, particu- 
larly the neck and face. 2. To blindfold. — 3. Figuratively, 
to cover; to conceal; to involve. Arbuthnot. — 4. In sea- 
manship, to put matting or other soft substance round an 
oar, to prevent its making a noise. 5. To wind some- 
thing, as cloth, <fec, round the strings of a drum, to prevent 
a sharp sound, or to render the sound grave and solemn. 

MUF'FLE, v. i. To mutter ; to speak indistinctly, or with- 
out clear articulation. — Holder. 

MUF'FLE, n. [Sp. mvfla.] In chemistry and metallurgy, an 
oven-shaped vessel, used for the purification of gold and 
silver, by means of a cupel made of bone-ashes. — Silliman. 

MUFFLED, pp. or a. Covered closely, especially about the 
face ; involved ; blindfolded. — Muffled drum, see the verb 

• muffle. 

MUF'FLER, n. A cover for the face.— Shak. 

MUF'FLING, ppr. Covering closely, especially about the 
face ; wrapping close ; involving ; bhndfolding. 

MUF'FLON, n. The wild sheep or musmon. 

MUF'Tl, n. An official expounder of Mohammedan law in 
Turkey. There is one in every large town ; and over all 
these the mufti of Constantinople exercises an influence 
and control. — P. Gijc. 

MUG, n. An earthen or metal cup from which liquors are 
drank. 

MUG'-HOUSE, n. An ale-house.— Ticket 

MUG'-WEED, n. A plant of the genus valantia. 

MUG'-W6RT (-wurt), n. [Sax. mugwyrt.] An herb of the 
genus artemisia. 

t MUG'GARD, o. Sullen ■ displeased. See Muggy. 

MUG'GENT, n. A species of wild, fresh-water duck. 

MUG'GY, ) a. [W. mwcan.] 1. Moist ; damp ; moldy, as 

MUG'GISH, ) straw. — Mortimer. 2. Moist or damp, and 
close ; warm and unelastic, as air or weather 

t Mu'Gl-ENT, a. [L. mugio.] Lowing ; bellowing. 

MU-LAT'TO, n. [Sp. mulato.) A person who is the off- 
spring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman 
by a negro. 

MUL'BER-RY, n. [Sw. mulbar ; G. maulbeere.] The berry or 
fruit of a tree of the genus moms ; also, the tree. 

MUL'BER-RY-TREE, n. The tree which produces the 
mulberry. 

MULCH, n. Half-rotten straw. — Bailey. 

MULCT, n. [L. mulcta or multa.j A fine imposed on a per- 
son guilty of some offense or misdemeanor. — Syn. Amerce 
ment ; forfeit ; forfeiture ; penalty. 

MULCT, v. t. [L. mulcto.] To fine ; to punish for an offense 
or misdemeanor by imposing a pecuniary fine. 

MULCTED, pp. Fined ; punished by a pecuniary fine. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt'CTQUS € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MUL 



660 



MUL 



MULCT'U-ARY, a. Imposing a pecuniary penalty. 

WuLE, n. [Sp., It. mulo ; L. mulus ; Sax. mul] 1. A quad- 
ruped of a mongrel breed, usually generated between an 
ass and a mare, sometimes between a horse and a she-ass. 
2. A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pis- 
til of one species with the farina or fecundating dust of an- 
other ; a hybrid. 3. An instrument for cotton spinning ; 
called, also, mule-jenny. 

MuLE'-SPIN'NER, n. One who spins on a mule. 

MOLE'- W6RT, n, A plant of the genus hcmionitis. 

MU-LET-EER', n. [Fr. muletier.] One who drives mules ; 
a mule-driver. 

MU-LI-EB'RI-TY, n. [from L. muliebris.] Womanhood; the 
state of being a woman ; a state in females corresponding 
to virility in man ; also, effeminacy ; softness. 

Mu'LI-ER, n. [L.] In law, lawful issue born in wedlock, 
though begotten before. — Encyc. 

MOL'ISH, a. Like a mule; sullen; stubborn. 

MuL'ISH-LY, adv. With stubbornness, as of a mule. 

MuL'ISH-NESS, n. Obstinacy or stubbornness, a3 of a 
mule. 

MULL, v. t. [qu. L. mollio.] 1. To soften and bring down 
in spirit ; to heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices ; as, to 
mull wine. 2. To dispirit or deaden. 

MULL, n. 1. In Scottish, a term almost synonymous with 
cnpe or head-land. 2. A snuff-box made of the small end 
of a horn ; [obs.] 3. Dirt ; rubbish ; [obs.] 

MULL, n. A thin, soft kind of muslin ; called, also, mull- 
mull. 

MUL'LA, n. The name of a priest among the Tartars. 

MUL-LA-GA-TAW'NY, n. Literally, pepper-water ; the name 
of an East Indian curry soup. — Smart. 

MULL.ED, pp. or a. Softened; sweetened and enriched 
with spices ; as, mulled wine. 

MUL'LEN, )n. [OldFr. molene.] A well-known plant, grow- 

MUL'LeIN, I ing in roads and neglected fields. 

MUL'LER, n. [Fr. moliere.) 1. A stone held in the hand, 
with which colors and other matters are ground on anoth- 
er stone ; [used by painters and apothecaries.] 2. An in- 
strument used by glass-grinders. 

MUL'LET, n. [Fr. mulct ; L. mullus.] 1. A fish, a species of 
mugil. which burrows in the soft mud for worms, and is 
highly esteemed for food. — 2. In heraldry, a figure in shape 
like the rowel of a spur, used as the filial distinction of the 
third son. 

MUL'LI-GRUBS, n. A twisting of the intestines ; sullenness. 
[A low word.] 

MUL'LION (mul'yun), n. [Fr. moulure.] An upright bar or 
division in n window-frame. 

MUL'LION, v. t. To shape into divisions by mullions. 

MUL'LIONED, pp. Shaped into divisions by mullions. 

MUL'LOCK, n. Rubbish. 

MULSE, n. [L. mulsus.] Wine boiled and mingled with 
honey. 

MULT-AN"GU-LAR, a. [L. multus and angulus.] Having 
many angles ; polygonal. — Martyn. 

MULT-AN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With many angles.— Grew. 

f MULT-AN"GU-LAR-NESS, n. The state of being polyg- 
onal. 

MULT-AR-TICU-LATE, a. Having many joints.— Brande. 

MUL-Te'I-TY, n. The state of being many ; multiplicity. — 
Coleridge. 

MUL-TI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. multus and capsula.] In bota- 
ny, having many capsules. — Martyn. 

MUL-TI-€a'VOUS, a. [L. multus and cavus.] Having many 
holes or cavities. — Diet. 

MUL-TI-DEN'TATE, a. [L. multus and dens.] Furnished 
with numerous teeth. 

MUL-TI-Fl'RI-OUS, a. [L. multifarius.] Having great mul- 
tiplicity ; having great diversity or variety. 

MUL-TI-FI'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With great multiplicity and 

diversity ; with great variety of modes and relations. 
\IUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Multiplied diversity. 

MUL'TI-FID, a. [L. multifidus.] Having many divisions ; 

many-cleft; divided into several parts by linear sinuses 

and straight margins. 

MUL-TIF'ID-OUS, a. Having many divisions or partitions. 

MUL-TIF'LO-ROUS, a. [L. multus and ftos.] Many-flowered; 

having many flowers. — Martyn. 
MUL'TI-FoLD, a. Many times doubled ; manifold ; numer- 
ous. 
MULTI-FORM, a. [L. multiformis.] Having many forms, 

shapes, or appearances. — Watts. 
MUL-TI-FORM'I-TY, n. Diversity of forms ; variety of 

shapes or appearances in the same thing. 
MUL-TI-FORM'OUS, a. Having many forms— Taylor. 
MUL-TI-6EN'ER-OUS, a. [multigenus.] Having many kinds. 

Diet. 
MUL-TLJU'GOUS, a. [L. multus sndjugum.] Consisting of 

many pairs. 
MUL-TI-LATER-AL, a. [L. multus and latus.] Having many 

MUL-TI-LIN'E-AL, a. Having many lines. 



MUL-TI-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. m,ultus and loculus.] Having 
many cells or compartments ; as, a multilocular shell 

MUL-TIL'O-QUENCE, n. Use of many words ; talkative- 
ness. — Adams. 

MUL-TIL'O-QUOUS, a. [L. multus and loquor.] Speaking 
much ; very talkative ; loquacious.— Diet. 

MUL-TI-No'DATE, a. Having many knots. 

MUL-TI-No'MI-AL, a. or n. In algebra, see Polynomial. 

MUL-TI-NOM'IN-AL, \ a. [L. multus and nomen.] Having 

MUL-TI-NOM'IN-OUS, j many names or terms.— Diet. 

MUL-TIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. multus and pario.] Producing 
many at a birth. 

MUL-TIP'AR-TlTE, a. [L. multus and partitus.] Divided 
into many parts ; having several parts. 

MUL'TI-PED, n. [L. multus and pes.] An insect that haa 
many feet. 

MUL'TI-PED, a. Having many feet. 

MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. multiplex.] Containing many times. 

MUL'TI-PLE, n. In mathematics, a quantity which contains 
another a certain number of times without a remainder. 
A common multiple of two or more numbers contains each 
of them a certain number of times exactly ; thus, 24 is a 
common multiple of 3 and 4. 

MUL'TI-PLEX, a. [L.] Many-fold ; having petals lying over 
each other in folds. — Martyn. 

MULTI-PLl-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be multiplied. 

MUL-TI-PLl'A-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being multiplied. 

MUL'TI-PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be multiplied. 

MUL-TI-PLI-CAND', n. [L. multiplicandus.] In arithmetic, 
the number to be multiplied by another. 

MULTI-PLI-C ATE, a. [L. multiplicatus.] Consisting of many, 
or more than one. 

MUL-TI-PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. multiplication 1. The act of 
multiplying or of increasing number. — 2. In arithmetic, a 
rule or operation by which any given number may be re- 
peated or added to itself according to any number of times 
proposed. 

MUL'TI-PLI-€a-TIVE, a. Tending to multiply ; having the 
power to multiply or increase numbers. 

MUL-TI-PLI-€aTOR, n. The number by which another 
number is multiplied ; a multiplier. 

MUL-TI-PLl"CIOUS (-plish'us), a. Manifold.— Brown. 

MUL-TI-PLIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. multiplicite.] 1. A state of being 
many. 2 L Many of the same kind. 

MUL'TI-PLl£D (-plide), pp. or a. I. Increased in numbers 
repeated._ 2. Numerous ; often repeated. 

MUL'TI-PLl-ER, n. 1. One who multiplies or increases 
number. 2. The number in arithmetic by which anothei 
is multiplied. 

MUL'TI-PLY, v. t. [L. multiplico.] 1. To increase in num 
ber ; to make more by natural generation or production 
or by addition.— 2. In arithmetic, to repeat or add to itself 
any given number as many times as there are units in any 
other given number. 

MUL'TI-PLY, v. i. 1. To grow or increase in number. 2 
To increase in extent ; to extend ; to spread. 

MUL'TI-PLY-ING, ppr. 1. Increasing in number ; repeating 
2. Growing or becoming numerous. 

MUL'TI-PLy-ING-GLaSS, n. A glass or lens which repre 
sents a single object to the eye as if it were many. It con- 
sists of several plane surfaces disposed into a convex form. 
through every one of which the object is seen. — Hutton. 

MUL-TIP'O-TENT, a. [L. multipotens.] Having manifold 
power, or power to do many mines. 

MUL-TI-PRES'ENCE, n. [L. multus and prcesentia.] The 
power or act of being present in many places at once 

MUL-TI-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Having many rays. 

MUL-TIS'CIOUS (mul-tish'us), a. [L. multiscius.] Having 
variety of knowledge. 

MUL-TI-SIL'1-Q.UOUS, a. [L. multus and siliqua.] Having 
many pods or seed-vessels. — Bailey. 

MUL-TIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. multus and sonus.] Having many 
sounds, or sounding much. — Bailey. 

MUL-TI-SPl'RAL, a. [L. multus and spira.] In conchology, 
a term applied to the opercula of univalve shells which ex- 
hibit very numerous coils round a submedian center. — 
Brande. 
MUL-TI-STRI'ATE, a. Having many streaks. 

MUL-TI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. A polysyllable. [Little used.] 
MUL'TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. multitudo.] 1. The state of be- 
ing many; a great number. 2. A number collectively ,- 
the sum of many. 3. A great number, indefinitely. 4. A 
crowd of people ; the lower classes of society. — Syn. As- 
sembly ; assemblage ; collection ; swarm ; throng ; mass • 
commonalty ; populace ; vulgar. 
MUL-TI-TU'DIN-A-RY, a. Multitudinous ; manifold. 
MUL-TI-Tu'DI-NOUS, a. 1. Consisting of a multitude or 
great number. 2 Having the appearance of a multitude 
—Shak. . 3. Manil Id.— Shak. 
MUL-TI-TuDI-NOUS-LY, adv. After the manner of a throng 

or multitude. 
MUL-TIV'A-GANT, la. [L.multivagus.] Wande ring much. 
tMUL-TIV'A-GOUS, 5 — Diet. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.. 1, e, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK- 



MUN 



661 



MUR 



ilUL'TI-VA L VE, u. [L. mult us and valvce.] A mollu.sk which 
has a shell of many valves. [Zoology. 1 

MUL'TI- VALVE, ) „ . 

MUL-TI- VALV'U-LAR, \ a ' Havm 2 man F valves - 

MUL-TIV'ER-SANT, a. [L. multus and verto.] Protean ; 
turning into many shapes ; assuming many forms. 

MUL-TIV'I-OUS, a. [L. multus and via.] Having many 
ways or roads. — Diet. [Little tised.] 

MUL-Td'€A, n. The Turkish code of law.— Brande. 

MUL-TOCU-LAR, a. [L. multus and oculus.] Having many 
eyes, or n;ore syes than two. — Derham. 

MUL'TUM IN PaR'VO. [L.l Much in a little compass. 

MULT-UN"GU-L ATE, a. Having the hoof divided into more 
than two parts. — Brande. 

MULTURE, n. [L. molitura.] 1. In Scottish law, the toll or 
emolument given to the proprietor of a mill for grinding 
grain. 2. A grist or grinding. 

MUM, a. 1. Silent ; not speaking. 2. As an exclamation or 
command, be silent ; hush. 3. As a noun, silence. 

vtUM, n. [G., Dan. mumme; D. mom.] A species of ale 
brewed from wheaten malt, much used in Germany. — 
Buchanan. 

MUM'-BUDG'ET, exclam. [mum and budget.] An expression 
denoting secrecy as well as silence. [ Used in a contempt- 
uous or ludicrous manner.] 

MUM'-CHANCE, n. 1. A game of hazard with cards ; [lo- 
cal] 2. A fool ; [local] 

MUMBLE, v. i. [G. mummeln.] 1. To mutter ; to speak 
with the lips or other organs partly closed, so as to render 
the sounds inarticulate and imperfect ; to utter words with 
a grumbling tone. 2. To chew or bite softly ; to eat with 
the lips close. 

MUM'BLE, v. t. 1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice. 
2. To mouth gently, or to eat with a muttering sound. 3. 
To suppress or utter imperfectly. 

MUM'BLE-NEWS (-niize), n. A kind of tale-bearer.— Shak. 

MUM'BL.BD, pp. or a. Uttered with a low, inarticulate voice ; 
chewed softly, or with a low, muttering sound. 

MUM'BLER, n. One who speaks with a low, inarticulate 
voice. 

MUM'BLING, ppr. or a. Uttering with a low, inarticulate 
voice ; chewing softly, or with a grumbling sound. 

MUM'BLING-LY, adv. With a low, inarticulate utterance. 

MUMM, v. t. [Dan. mumme; Fr. mummer.] To mask; to 
sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise. 

MUM'MER, n. _ Formerly, one who masked himself and 
made dizersion in disguise ; originally, one who made 
sport by gestures without speaking. 

MUM'MER- Y, n. [Fr. momerie.] 1. Masking ; sport ; diver- 
sion ; frolicking in masks ; low, contemptible amuse- 
ment ; buffoonery. 2. Farcical show ; hypocritical dis- 
guise and parade to delude vulgar minds. 

MUM-MI-FI-C A'TION, n. The act of making into a mummy. 

MUM'MI-Fli?D, pp. Made into a mummy. 

MUM'MI-FORM, a. In form like a mummy. 

MUM'MI-FY, v. t. To embalm and dry as a mummy ; to 
make into a mummy. — Journal of Science. 

MUM'MI-FY-ING, ppr. Making into a mummy. 

MUM'MING, n. The sports of mummers. 

MUM'MING, a, Pertaining to the sports of mummers. 

MUM'MY, n. [It. mummia ; Arabic momia.] 1. A dead hu- 
man body embalmed and dried after the manner of the 
ancient Egyptians. The term mummy has been extended 
so as to include the dead bodies of men, and sometimes of 
animals, which are by any means preserved in a dry state 
from the process of putrefaction. — 2. Among gardeners, a 
sort of wax used in grafting and planting trees. — To beat 
to a mummy, to beat soundly, or to a senseless mass. 

MUM'MY-CHOG, n. A small fish of the carp kind. 

MUMP, v. t. or i. [D. mompen.] 1. To move the lips with 
the mouth almost closed ; hence, to nibble ; to chew with 
continued motion. 2. To talk low and quick. 3. To im- 
plore with a beggar's accent and motion of the mouth.— 
Burke. 4. To deceive ; to cheat. 

MUMP'ER. n. A beggar.— Johnson. 

MUMP'ING, n. Begging; tricks ; foolish tricks ; mockery. 

MUMPTNO.^pr. 1. Chewing with continued motion; nib- 
blin?. 2. Bc^gino; with false pretense. 

MUMPISH, a. Dull; heavy; sullen; sour. 

MUMP'ISH-LY, adv. In a dull manner ; heavily ; sullenly. 

VIUMPS, n. 1. Sullenness ; silent displeasure.— Skinner ; 
[rare.] 2. A disease ; a peculiar and specific unsuppurative 
inflammation, the cynanche parotidaa, a swelling of the 
parotid glands. 

MUNCH, v. t. To chew by great mouthfuls. [Vulgar.] 

MUNCH, v. i. To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls. 

MUNCH'ER, n. One who munches. — Johnson. 

MUNCHING, ppr. Chewing by great mouthfuls. 

MUND, Sax. mund, protection, patronage, peace, is found in 
old laws; as, mundbrece, that is, a breaking or violation of 
the peace. It is retained in names, as in Edmund, Sax. 
eadmund, happy peace, as in Greek Irentzus, Hesychius. 

MUN'DaNE, a. [L. mundanus.] Belonging to the world. 



t MUN-D AN'I-TY, n. Worldliness.— Montagu. 

t MUN-D A'TION, n. [L. mundus.] The act of cleansinj, 

MUN'DA-TO-RY, a. [L. mundo.] Cleansing; having power 
to cleanse. [Little used.] 

MUN'DIC, n. The name given by the Cornish miners to 
iron or arsenical pyrites. — Ure. 

MUN-DIF'I-€ANT, a. [L. mundus and facio.] In old pharma- 
cy, a term applied to certain hewing ointments and plasters. 

MUN-DI-FI-C A'TION, n. [L. mundus and facio.] The act or 
operation of cleansing any body. — Qxdncy. 

MUN-DIF'I-GA-TiVE, a. Cleansing ; having the power to 
cleanse. — Wiseman. 

MUN-DIF'I-€A-TlVE, n. A medicine that has the quality 
of cleansing. 

MUN'DI-FY, v. t. [L. mundus and facio.] To cleanse. 

MUN-DIV'A-GANT, a. [L.mundusand.vagor,vagans.] Wan- 
dering- over the world. — Diet. 

MUN-DUN"GUS, n. Stinking tobacco.— Phillips. 

Mu'NER-A-RY, a. [L. mumes.] Having the nature of a gift 
—Johnson. [Little used.] 

i MU-NER-ATION. } See Remunerate. 

MUN"GREL, n. An animal generated between different 
varieties, as a dog. See Mongrel. 

MUN"GREL, a. Generated between different varieties ; de- 
generate. — Shak. — Di-yden. 

MU-NIC'I-PAL, a. [Fr. ; L. municipalis.] 1. Pertaining to a 
corporation or city. 2. Pertaining to a state, kingdom, or 
nation. — Municipal, as used by the Romans, originally 
designated that which pertained to a municipium, a free 
city or town.— Municipal law. [See Law, No. 2.] It is the 
general law of a country, as distinguished from commer- 
cial law, the law of nations, &c. 

MU-NIC-I-PAL'I-TY, n. In France, a municipal district.— In 
New Orleans, a district of the city corresponding to a ward. 

IMU-NIF'I-CaTE, v.t. [L.munifco.] To enrich.— Cockeram. 

MU-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. munificentia.] 1. A giving or 
bestowing liberally. 2. [L. munio.] In Spenser, fortifica- 
tion or strength ; [obs.] — Syn. Liberality ; generosity ; be- 
neficence ; bounty ; bountifulness ; bounteousness. 

MU-NIF'I-CENT, a. Manifesting liberality in giving or be- 
stowing. Atterbury. — Syn. Beneficent ; bounteous ; boun- 
tiful ; liberal ; generous. 

MU-NIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. Liberally ; generously. 

Mu'NI-MENT, n. [L. munimentum.] 1. A fortification of any 
kind ; a strong-hold ; a place of defense. 2. Support ; de- 
fense. — 3. In law, a record ; a writing by which claims and 
rights are defended or maintained. 

I MU-NlTE'. v. t. To fortify.— Bacon. 

MU-NI"TION (mu-nish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. munitio.] 1. Fortifi- 
cation; [obs.] — Hale. 2. Ammunition ; whatever mate- 
rials are used in war for defense, or for annoying an en- 
emy. 3. Provisions of a garrison or fortress, or for ships 
of war, and in general for an army. — Munition-ships, ships 
which convey military and naval stores. 

tMu'NI-TY, n. Freedom; security. See Immunity. 

MUN-JEET, n. A species of rubia tinctorum, or madder, 
produced in various parts of India. 

MUNN'ION (mun'yuu), n. An upright piece of timber which 
separates the several lights in a window-frame. See 
Mullion. 

MIJNDS \ n -PL The mouth and chops. [Vulgar.] 

MO'RAOE, n. [L. murus.] Money paid for keeping walls in 
repair. — Johnson. 

Mu'RAL, a. [L. muralis.] 1. Pertaining to a wall. 2. Re- 
sembling a wall ; perpendicular or steep. — Mural crown, 
among the ancient Romans, a golden crown, bestowed on 
him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place. — Mu- 
ral circle, in astronomy, a graduated circle, usually of large 
size, fixed permanently in the plane of the meridian, and 
attached firmly to a perpendicular wall. The mural quad- 
rant is a fourth of a circle, sometimes used instead of the 
mviral circle, and adjusted in the same manner. 

MUR'CHI-SON-ITE, n. [from Murchison.] A variety oi 
feldspar. 

MUR'DER, n. [Sax. morther ; B.moord ; G.,T>an.,Sv?.mord.] 
1. The act of unlawfully killing a human being with pre- 
meditated malice, by a person of sound mind. 2. An ex- 
clamation or outcry, when life is in danger. 

MUR'DER, v. t. [Sax. myrthian ; D. moorden.] 1. To kill a 
human being with premeditated malice. 2. To destroy ; 
to put an end to. — Syn. To assassinate ; slay ; massacre 

MUR'DER-ED, pp. or a. Slain with malice prepense. 

MUPi/DER-ER, n. 1. A person who, in possession of hi? 
reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated 
malice. 2. A small piece of ordnance ; a murdering-piece. 
— Syn. Assassin ; cut-throat ; bloodshedder ; manslayer. 

MUR/DER-ESS, n. A female who commits murder. 

MUR'DER-ING, ppr. Killing a human being with malice 
premeditated. 

MUR'DER-ING-PIeCE, n. A small piece of ordnance.— 
Shak. 



DA VE r— BULL UNITE :— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.-€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MUS 



662 



MUS 



MUR'DER-OUS. a. 1. Guilty of murder. 2. Consisting in 
murder ; done with murder. 3. Committing murder. 4. 
Premeditating murder. — Syn. Bloody ; sanguinary ; blood- 
guilty ; blood-thirsty ; fell ; savage ; cruel. 

MUR'DER-OUS-LY, adv. In a murderous or cruel manner. 

f MORE, n. [L. murus.] A wall. — Shah 

MURE, v. t. [Fr. murer.] To inclose in walls ; to wall. [Lit- 
tle used.] See Immure. 

Mu'REX, n. [L.] A genus of marine carnivorous mollusca. 

Mu'RI-A-ClTE, n. A stone composed of salt, sand, and 
gypsum ; the mineral anhydrite, which see. 

Mu'RI-ATE, n. A term applied to the chlorids, from the 
supposition that they were compounded of an acid and an 
oxydized base. 

Mu'RI-A-TED, a. 1. The same as ckloridized ; but originally 
applied under the supposition that the chlorids were com- 
pounds of an acid and an oxydized base. 2. Put in brine. 
Jgvetyn. 

MU-RI-AT'I€, a. Having the nature of brine or salt water ; 
pertaining to sea salt. — Muriatic acid, an acid composed 
of one equivalent of hydrogen and one of chlorine ; hy- 
drochloric acid. 

MU-RI-A-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing muriatic substances 
or salt. 

MU-RI-CAL'ClTE, n. Rhomb-spar.— Ure. 

Mu'RI-CATE, > a. [L. muricatus.] 1. Formed with sharp 

Mu'RI-€a-TED, > points ; full of sharp points or prickles. 
— 2. In botany, having the surface covered with sharp 
points,_or armed with prickles. 

Mu'RI-ClTE, n. Fossil remains of the murex, a genus of 
shells. 

Mu'RI-FORM, a. [L. murus and forma.] In botany, resem- 
bling the bricks in the wall of a house. — P. Cyc. 

Mu'RINE, a. [L. murinus.] Pertaining to a mouse or to 
mice. 

Mu'RlNES, n. pi. The name of a tribe of rodent quadru- 
peds, including rats, mice, &c. — Brande. 

MURK, n. [Sw. mbrker.] Darkness. [Little used.] 

MURK'I-LY, adv. Obscurely ; gloomily ; darkly. 

MURK'Y, a. [Dan. mi)rk.] Dark ; obscure ; gloomy. 

MUR'MUR, n. [L.] 1. A low sound, continued or contin- 
ually repeated, as that of a stream running in a stony 
channel, or that of flame. 2. A complaint half suppressed, 
or uttered in a low, muttering voice. 

MUR'MUR, v. i. [L. murmuro.] 1. To make a low, contin- 
ued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, rolling 
waves, or like the wind in a forest. 2. To grumble ; to 
complain ; to repine ; to utter complaints in a low, half- 
articulated voice ; to utter sullen discontent. 

MURTVIUR-ER, n. One who murmurs ; one who complains 
sullenly ; a grumbler. 

MUR'MUR-ING, ppr. or a. Uttering complaints in a low 
voice or sullen manner ; grumbling ; complaining. 

MUR'MUR-ING, n. The utterance of a low sound ; com- 
plaint. 

MUR'MUR-ING-LY, adv. With a low sound ; with com- 
plaints. 

MUR'MUR-OUS, a. Exciting murmur or complaint. 

f MURR, n. A catarrh. — Gascoigne. 

MUR'RAIN (mur'rin), n. [Sp. morrina.] An infectious and 
fatal disease among cattle. — Bacon. 

t MUR'RAIN, a. Infected with the murrain. — Shah. 

MURRE, n. A kind of bird.— Carew. 

MUR'REY, a. Of a dark red color.— Bacon. 

MUR'RHINE, a. [L. murrhinus.] Among the ancients, an 
epithet given to a delicate kind of ware, made of fluor- 
spar, brought from the East. 

MUR'RI-ON, n. [Port, morriam.] A helmet ; a casque ; arm- 
or for the head. — King. See Morion. 

MUR'ZA, n. The hereditary nobility among the Tartars. 
The word must not be confounded with the Persian mirza. 
— Brande. 

t Mu'SARD, n. [Fr.] A dreamer ; one who is apt to be ab- 
sent in mind. — Chaucer. 

MUS'€A-DEL, "| a. said n. [It. moscatcllo ; Port., Sp. mosca- 

MUS'CA-DlNE, )■ tel ; Fr. muscadin.] 1. An appellation 

MUS'€A-TEL, j given to a kind of rich wine, and to the 
grapes which produce it. 2. A sweet pear. 

MUS'€ AT, n. [Fr.] A sort of grape and of wine. See Mus- 

CADEL. 

MUScHEL-KALK, n. A German term for shell limestone 
whose strata belong to the new red standstone series. — 
Brande. 

MUS'CLE (mus'sl), n. [Fr. ; L. musculus.] 1. In anatomy, 
the muscles are the organs of motion, consisting of fibres 
or bundles of fibres inclosed in a thin cellular membrane. 
2. A bivalvular shell-fish of the genus mytilus of Linneeus ; 
sometimes written mussel. 

MUS'€OID, a. [Gr. jxocxoi and eiSos.] In botany, moss-like. 

MUS'COID, n. A moss-like, flowerless plant, with a dis- 
tinct stem having no vascular system, but often leaves. 

MUS-€OS'I-TY, ii. Mossiness. 

MUS-CO-Va'DO, n. ; primarily a. Unrefined sugar ; the 



raw material from which loaf and lump sugar are pro- 
cured by refining. 

MU3'€0-VY-DU€K, n. A species of duck larger than tho 
common duck, often raised in poultry-yards ; sometimes 
called the musk-duck. 

MUS'CO-VY-GLISS, n. Mica, which see. 

MUS'-GU-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a muscle. 2. Performed 
by a muscle. 3. Strong ; brawny ; vigorous. 

MUS-€U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being muscular. 

MUS'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With strength of muscle ; strongly 

MUS'CU-LlTE, n. A petrified muscle or shell. 

MUS'€U-LOUS, a. [L. musculosus.] 1. Full of muscles. 2 
Strong ; brawny. 3. Pertaining to a muscle or to muscles 

MuSE, n. [L. inusa.] 1. Properly, song; but in usage, tho 
deity or power of poetry. [See Muses.] 2. Deep thought , 
close attention or contemplation which abstracts the mind 
from passing scenes ; hence, sometimes, absence of mind. 

MuSE, v. i. [F. muser.] 1. To think closely ; to study in si- 
lence. 2. To be absent in mind ; to be so occupied in 
study or contemplation as not to observe passing scenes 
or things present. 3. To wonder ; [obs.] — Syn. To med- 
itate ; contemplate ; ruminate ; ponder ; reflect. 

MuSE, v. t. To think on ; to meditate on. — Thomson. 

MuSED, pp. Meditated ; thought on. 

MuSE'FUL, a. Thinking deeply ; silently thoughtful.— Dry- 
den. 

MDSE'FUL-LY, adv. In a musing manner ; thoughtfully. 

MuSE'LESS, a. Disregarding the power of poetry. 

MuS'ER, n. One who thinks closely in silence, or one apt 
to be absent in mind. — Johnson. 

Mu'SES, n. pi. [L. Musce.] In mythology, the nine sister 
goddesses supposed to preside over the liberal arts. 

Mu'SET, n. A gap in a hedge. — Bailey. 

MU-Se'UM, n. [Gr. novaziov.] A repository of natural, sci- 
entific, and literary curiosities, or of works of art. — Gwilt. 

MUSH, n. [G. mus.] The meal of maize boiled in water. 

MUSHROOM, n. [Fr. mousseron.] 1. The common name 
of numerous cryptogamic plants of the natural order oi 
fungi, growing often very rapidly. The term mushroom 
is sometimes applied to distinguish the edible fungi from 
the toadstools, which are poisonous. 2. An upstart ; one 
who rises suddenly from a low condition in life. 

Mu'SIG, n. [L. musica ; F. musique.] 1. Melody or harmo 
ny ; any succession of sounds so modulated as to please 
the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in ac- 
cordance or harmony. 2. Any entertainment consisting 
in melody or harmony. 3. The science of harmonical 
sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the 
properties, dependencies, and relations of sounds to each 
other. 4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to 
please the ear. 5. Order ; harmony in revolutions. — Mu- 
sic of the spheres, the harmony supposed by the ancients 
to be produced by the movements of the celestial orbs. 

Mu'SIC-BQOK, n. A book containing tunes or songs for 
the voice or for instruments. 

Mu'SI€-MaS-TER, n. One who teaches music. 

Mu'SIG-STOOL, n. A stool or seat for one who performs 
on a piano-forte or other musical instrument. 

Mu'SI€-AL, a. 1. Belonging to music or agreeable sounds. 
3. Melodious ; harmonious ; pleasing to the ear. — Musical 
glasses, a musical instrument consisting of a number of 
glass goblets, played upon with the end of the finger 
damped. 

Mu'SIG-AL-LY, adv. In a melodious or harmonious man- 
ner ; with sweet sounds. 

Mu'SI€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being melodious or 
harmonious. 

MU-Si"CIAN (mu-zish'an), n. 1. One who sings or performs 
on instruments of music according to the rules of the art. 
2. A person skilled in the science of music. In this sense 
it has commonly some qualifying term ; as, a scientific m« 
sician. — Smart. 

MuS'ING, ppr. or a. Meditating in silence 

MuS'ING, n. Meditation ; contemplation. 

MuS'ING-LY, adv. By musing ; in a musing way. 

MUSK, ii. [L. muscus.] A strong-scented substance obtained 
from a cyst or bag near the navel of the moschus moschif 
erus, an animal that inhabits the mountains of Central 
Asia. Also, the animal itself, often called Thibet musk. 
and musk-deer. 

MUSK, n. Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower. — Johnson 

MUSK, v. t. To perfume with musk. 

MUSK'-AP-PLE, n. A particular kind of apple. 

MUSK'-CAT, n. The animal called musk, which see. 

MUSK'-CHER-RY, n. A kind of cherry. 

MUSK'-DEER, n. The common name of the animal called 
musk. See Musk. 

MUSK'-DUGK, n. A species of duck, so called from its 
musky odor ; the Muscovy duck. 

MUSK'-MEL-ON, n. A delicious species of melon ; named, 
probably, from its fragrance. 

MUSK'-OX, n. A ruminant mammal, of the bovine tribe 
which inhabits the country about Hudson's Bay. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, £, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— Mo VE, BQQK. 



MUS 



663 



MUT 



MUSK'-PEIR, n. A fragrant kind, of pear.— Johnson. 

MUSK-RAT, In. An American animal, the fiber zibeth- 

MUS'QUASH, 3 icus, having in summer the smell of musk. 
It burrows in the banks of small streams, and is prized for 
its fur. 

MUSK'-RoSE, n. A fragrant species of rose. 

MUSK'-SEED, n. The seed of a plant of the genus hibiscus. 

MUSK'-WOOD, n. The wood of a species of tree of thn 
genus trichilia. 

MUS'KET, n. [It. moschetto ; Fr. mousquet.] 1. A species of 
fire-arms used, in war, originally discharged by a match, 
but now by a spring lock. 2. A male hawk of a small kind, 
the female of which is the sparrow-hawk. 

MUS'KET-PROOF, a. Capable of resisting the force of a 
musket-ball. 

MUS-KET-EER', n. A soldier armed with a musket. 

MUS-KET-OON', n. [Fr. mousqueton.] 1. A short thick mus- 
ket; the shortest kind of blunderbuss. 2. One who is 
armed with a musketoon. — Herbert. 

MUS'KET-RY, n. Muskets in general, or their fire. 

MUSK'I-NESS, n. [from musk.] The scent of musk. 

MUSK'Y, a. Having the odor of musk ; fragrant. 

MUS'LIN, n. [Fr. mousseline ; It. mussolina, mussolo.] A 
sort of fine thin cotton cloth, which bears a downy nap on 
its surface. 

MUS'LIN, a. Made of muslin ; as, a muslin gown. 

MUS'LIN DE LIINE, n. [Fr. mousseline de laine.] Literal- 
ly, woolen muslin; a woolen fabric of extremely light 
texture, used for ladies' dresses, &c. 

MUS-LIN-ET', n. A sort of coarse cotton cloth. 

MUS'MON, }n. An annual formerly inhabiting Corsica, 

MUS'I-MON, 5 Sardinia, &c, regarded as the origin of all 
the domesticated sheep. 

MUS'QUASH, n. See Musk-rat. 

MUS-QJJi'TO > (mus-ke'to), n. [Sp., Port, mosquito.) A small 

MUS-Ke'TO > insect of the genus culex, that is bred in wa- 
ter ; a species of gnat that abounds in marshes and low 
lands, and whose sting is peculiarly painful and vexatious. 
[This word has been spelled in various ways, but musquito 
and mosquito are most prevalent, though the Anglicized 
form musketo would be preferable to either.] 

MUS'RoLE, n. [Fr. muserolle.] The nose-band of a horse's 
bridle. 

f' MUSS, n. A scramble ; a confused struggle. — Shak. 

MUS'S-EL, n. A bivalve shell-fish. -See Muscle. 

MUS'SlTE, n. A pale green variety of pyroxene from Mus- 
sa, in •Piedmont. 

MUS'SUL-MAN, n. ; pi. Mussulmans. A Mohammedan, or 
follower of Mohammed. 

MUS-SUL-MANTG, a. Belonging to, or resembling Mussul- 
mans, or their customs. 

MUS'SUL-MAN-ISH, a. Mohammedan.— Herbert. 

MUS'SUL-MAN-LY, adv. In the manner of Mussulmans. 

MUST, v. i. [Sax. most; D. moeten, moest.] 1. To be oblig- 
ed; to be necessitated. 2. It expresses moral fitness or 
propriety, as necessary or essential to the character or end 
proposed ; as, a teacher must be qualified. 

MUST, n. [L. mustum ; Sax. must.] Wine pressed from the 
grape, but not fermented. 

MUST, v. t. [Fr. moisi.] To make moldy and sour. 

MUST, v. i. To grow moldy and sour ; to contract a fetid 
smell. 

MUS'TAC, n. A small tufted monkey. 

MUS-TacHE' (mus-tash'), n. s. ? [Fr. moustaches ; Sp. mos- 

MUS-TacH'ES, n. pi. > tacho ; Ital. mostacchio.] 

Long hair on the upper lip. 

MUS-TacH'IO (mus-tash'6), n. [It.] The same as mustache. 

MUS-TacH'Io^D, a. Having mustachioes. 

MUS'TARD, n. [It. mostarda/) A plant and its seed, which 
is ground into powder, forming a well-known condiment. 

MUS-TEE', ) n. The child of a white person and a quad- 

MES-TEE'J roon. [W. Indies.] 

MUS'TE-LlNE, a. [L. mustelinus.] Pertaining to the weasel, 
or animals of the weasel family. 

MUSTER, v. t. [G. mustern ; D. monsteren.] 1. Properly, to 
collect troops for review, parade, and exercise ; but in 
general, to collect or assemble troops, persons, or things. 
— 2. To muster up, to gather or obtain usually with some 
difficulty ; as, to muster up courage. — To muster troops into- 
service, is to inspect and enter them on the muster-roll of 
the army. — To muster troops out of service, is to inspect and 
enter them on a muster-roll, according to which they re- 
ceive pay for the last time, and are dismissed. — Cutler. 

MUS'TER, v. i. To assemble ; to meet in one place. 
MUS'TER, n. [It., Port, mostra.] 1. An assembling of troops 
for review, or a review of troops under arms. 2. A reg- 
ister or roll of troops mustered. 3. A collection, or the 
act of collecting. Ainsworth. — To pass muster, to pass with- 
out censure through a muster or inspection. 
MUS'TER.-BOOK, n. A book in which forces are registered. 
MUS'TER-FlLE, n. The same as muster-roll.— Shak. 
MUS'TER-MXS-TER, n. One who takes an account of 
troops, and of their arms and other military apparatus. 



MUS'TER-RoLL, n. A roll or register of the troops. 

MUS'TERED, pp. Assembled, as troops for review. 

MUS'TI-LY, adv. Moldily ; sourly. 

MUS'TI-NESS, n. The quality of being musty or eour , 
moldiness ; damp foulness. — Evelyn. 

MUS'TY, a. 1. Moldy ; sour ; foul and fetid. 2. Stale ; 
spoiled by age. -3. Having an ill flavor. 4. Dull ; heavy ; 
spiritless. 

MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mutabilite ; L. mutabilitas.] 1, 
Changeableness ; susceptibility of change. 2. The state of 
habitually or frequently changing. 3. Changeableness, as 
of mind, disposition, or will ; inconstancy ; instability. 

Mu'TA-BLE, n. [It. mutabile ; L. mutabilis.) Subject to 
change ; that may be altered in form, qualities, or nature ; 
susceptible of change. — Syn. Changeable ; alterable , un- 
stable ; unsteady ; unsettled ; wavering ; inconstant , va- 
riable ; irresolute ; fickle. 

Mu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Changeableness; mutability; insta- 
bility. 

Mu'TA-BLY, adv. In a mutable manner ; changeably. 

Mu'TAGE, n. A process for checking the fermentation of 
the must of grapes. 

MU-Ta'TION, n. [L. mutatio.] 1. The act or process of 
chancing. 2. Change ; alteration, either in form or qualities. 

MU-Ta'TIS MU-TAN'DIS. [L.] The necessary changes 
being made. 

MuTE, a. [L.mutus; Fr. muet.] 1. Silent; not speaking; not 
uttering words, or not having the power of utterance ; 
dumb. — 2. Figuratively, uttering no sound, as grief. 3. 
Silent ; not pronounced. 

MuTE, n. 1. A person who can not speak, or who remains 
silent ; as, a mute in a play. — 2. In law, a person that stands 
speechless when he ought to answer or plead. — 3. In 
Turkey, a dumb officer who acts as executioner of persons 
of exalted rank. — 4. In England, a person employed by 
undertakers to stand before the door of a house a short 
time previous to a funeral.— 5. In grammar, a letter that 
represents no sound ; a close articulation which inter- 
cepts the voice. — 6. In music, a little utensil of wood or 
brass, used on a violin to deaden or soften the sounds. 

MuTE, v. i. [Fr. mutir.] To eject the contents of the bow- 
els, as birds. — Ben Jonson. 

MuTE, n. The dung of birds.— Hudibras. 

MuTE'LY, adv. Silently ; without uttering words or sounds. 

MOTE'NESS, n. Silence; forbearance of speaking. 

Mu'TI-LaTE, v. t. [L. mutilo.] 1. To cut off a limb or es- 
sential part of an animal body. 2. To cut or break off, or 
otherwise separate any important part. 3. To retrench, 
destroy, or remove any material part so as to render the 
thing imperfect. 

Mu'TI-La-TED, pp. or a. Deprived of a limb or of an ea- 
sentialjpart. 

Mu'TI-La-TED, ) a. In botany, the reverse of luxuriant , 

Mu'TI-LATE, > not producing a corol, when not regu- 
larly apetalous. 

Mu'TI-LI-TING.^pr. Retrenching a limb or an essential part. 

MU-TI-LA'TION, n. [L. mutilatio.] The act of mutilating; 
deprivation of some essential part, as of writings, build-. 
ings, limbs, &c, particularly, castration. 

MO'TI-La-TOR, n. One who muiilates. 

Mu'TI-LOUS, a. Mutilated ; defective ; imperfect. 

Mfj'TlNE, a mutineer, and Mu'TiNE, to mutiny, are not In 
use. 

MU-TI-NEER', n. One guilty of mutiny. See Mutiny 

MuT'ING, n. The dung of birds.— More. 

Mu'TI-NOUS, a. 1. Turbulent ; one disposed to resist the 
authority of laws and regulations in an army or navy, or 
openly resisting such authority. 2. Seditious. 

Mu'TI-NOUS-LY, adv. In a manner or with intent to op- 
pose lawful authority or due subordination in military or 
naval service. 

MtJ'TI-NOUS-NESS, n. The state of being mutinous ; oppo- 
sition to lawful authority among military men. 

MO'TI-NY, n. [Fr. muthieric.] An insurrection of soldier9 
or seamen against the authority of their commanders ; 
open resistance of officers, or opposition to their authority. 

Mu'TI-NY, v. i. To rise against lawful authority in military 
and naval service. 

MUTTER, v. i. [L. mutio.] 1. To utter words with a low 
voice and compressed lips, with sullenness or in com- 
plaint ; to grumble ; to murmur. 2. To sound with a low, 
rumbling noise. 

MUTTER, v. t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or 
with a low, murmuring voice. 

MUT'TER, n. Murmur ; obscure utterance.— Milton. 

MUTTER E D, pp. or a. Uttered in a low, murmuring voice. 
MUTTER-ER, n. A grumbler ; one who mutters. 

MUT'TER-ING, ppr. or a. Uttering with a low, murmuring 
voice ; erumbling ; murmuring. 

MUT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With a low voice; without dis- 
tinct articubitior!. 
MUTTON (nnif i\ n. [Fr. mouton.) 1. The flesh of sheep 
raw or dressed for food. 2. A sheep. — Bacon. 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MYTR 



664 



JVIYS 



MUTTON-CHOP, it. A rib of mutton for broiling, having 
the bone at the thin end chopped off. 

MUTTON-FIST, n. A large, red, brawny hand. 

Mu'TU-AL (mutfyu-al), a, [Fr. mutuel ; L. mutuus.] Recip- 
rocal ; interchanged ; each acting in return or correspond- 
ence to the other ; given and received. 

MU-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Reciprocation ; interchange.— Shah. 

Mu'TU-AL-LY, adv. Reciprocally; in the manner of giving 
and receiving. 

MU-TU-A'TION, n. [L. mutuatio.] The act of borrowing.— 
Hall. {Little used.] 

MuTULE (mut'yule), n. [Fr. mutule.] In architecture, a pro- 
jecting block under the corner of the Doric cornice, in 
the same situation as the modillion of other orders. 

MUX, n. [for muck.] Dirt. — Grose. 

MUX'Y, a. Dirty ; gloomy. — Lemon. 

MUZ'ZLE (muz'zl), n. [Fr. museau.] 1. The mouth of a 
thing ; the extreme or end for entrance or discharge ; 
[applied chiefly to the end of a tube.] 2. The projecting 
mouth and nose of an animal, as of a horse. 3. A fasten- 
ing for the mouth which hinders from biting. 

MUZ'ZLE, v. t. 1. To bind the mouth ; to fasten the mouth 
to prevent biting or eating. 2. To fondle with the mouth 
close ; [low.] 3. To restrain from hurt. 

MUZ'ZLE, v. i. To bring the mouth near. — L'Estrange. 

MUZ'ZLE-LASH'ING, n. The lashing by which the muz- 
zle of a gun in a ship is secured to the upper part of the 
port. — Brande. 

MUZ'ZLE-RING, n. The metalline ring or circle that sur- 
rounds the mouth of a cannon or other piece. — Encyc. 

MUZ'ZLJED, pp. Fastened by the mouth to prevent biting 
or eating. 

MUZ'ZLING, ppr. Fastening the mouth. 

MUZ'ZY, a. [from muse.] Absent in mind ; bewildered. 

* MY, pronom. adj. [contracted from migen, mine. See Mine.] 
Belonging to me ; as, this is my book. 

MYL'O-DON, n. An extinct edentate annual, allied to the 
megatheri urn. — Lyell. 

MYN'CHEN, n. [Sax. mynchen.] A mm— Diet. 

MYNCH'ER-Y, n. The Saxon name for a nunnery ; a term 
still applied to the ruins of certain nunneries in England. 
— Gloss, of Archil. 

MYN-HEER', n. [D. my lord.] A Dutchman. 

MY-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to a description of the 
muscles. 

MY-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who describes the muscles. 

MY-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. uvs, pvos, and ypa(pu.] A descrip- 
tion of the muscles of the body. 

My-O-LOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to the description and doc- 
trine of the muscles. 

My-OL'0-gIST, n. A person conversant with myology, or 
who writes on the subject. 

My-OL'O-gY, n. [Gr. fxvs, pvos, and Aoyo?.] A description 
of the muscles, or the doctrine of the muscles of the hu- 
man body. 

MY'OPE, n. ; pi. My'opes. [Gr. juuco^.] A short-sighted per- 
son. — Adams. 

MY'O-PY, n. Short-sightedness. — Encyc. 

MY-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. pvs and touv-] A dissection of the 
muscles. 

MYR'I-AD (mir'e-ad), n. [Gr. uvpiag.] 1. The number often 
thousand. 2. An immense number, indefinitely. — Milton. 

MYR'I-A-GRAM, 1 n. [Gr. fivpia and ypamxa.] A French 

MYR 1 LA-GRAMME, > weight equal to ten thousand 
grammes, or about 22 lbs. avoirdupois. 

MYR-I-AL'I-TER, )«. [Gr. uvpia and Xtrpa.] A French 

MYR'LA-Li-TRE, > measure of capacity containing ten 
thousand litres, or nearly 42 hogsheads of English wine 
measure. 

MYR-I-AM'E-TER, ? n. [Gr. /xvpia and fxt-pov.] In the new 

MYR'LA-ME- TRE, 5 system of French measures, the length 
of ten thousand metres, or nearly 6£ English miles. 

MYR'I-A-POD,«. [Gr. fxvpia, ten thousand, and ttoSss, feet.] 
One of an order or class of insects having many feet or 
legs. — Bell. 

MYR'I-aRCH (nriYe-ark), n. [Gr. uvpia and apxos-] A cap- 
tain or commander of ten thousand men. 

MYR'LARE, n. [Gr.pvpia, and are ; L. area.] A French lin- 
p-ar measure of ten thousand ares, or nearly 247 English 
acres. — Lunier. 

MYR1-CIN, n. The substance which remains after bees- 
wax has been digested in alcohol. — Myricin and cerin are 
the proximate principles of wax. 

MYR-IO-LOg'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to a myriologue. 

MYR-I-OL'O-OIST, n. A person, commonly a female, who 

utters a myriologue. 
MYR'I-O-LOGUE, n. [Gr. fxvpiog, extreme, and fayes.] In 
modern Greece, an extemporaneous funeral song for the 
dead. 
MYR-I-O-RA'MA, n. [Gr. uvpiog, infinite, and opaa, to see.] 
Views of objects in numbers indefinite ; sections so con- 
trived that they may be combined into pictures to any 
extent. 



MYR'MI-DON (mur'me-don), n. [Gr. nvpurjSwv.] Primarily. 
the Myrmidons are said to have been a people on the bor- 
ders of Thessaly; the troops of Achilles. A desperate 
soldier or_ ruffian under some daring leader. 

MYR-MI-Do'NI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to myrmidons. 

MY-ROB'A-LAN, n. [L. myrobolanum.] A dried fruit, which 
is a drupe, brought from the East Indies. The term my- 
robalan comprehends several different fruits. 

MY-ROP'O-LIST, n. [Gr. fivpov and ttwAcw.] One who sells 
unguents. [Little used.) 

MYRRH (mur), n. [L. myrrha.] An inspissated sap that 
comes in the form of drops or globules of various colors 
and sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a 
bitter taste. It is the produce of a tree growing chiefly 
in Arabia. 

MYR'RHINE, a. [L. myrrhinus.] Made of the murrhine 
stone, or iluor spar. — Milton. 

MYRTI-FORM, a. [L. myrtus and form.] Resembling myr- 
tle or myrtle berries. 

MYRTLE (mur'tl), n. [L. mijrius.] An evergreen shrub of 
the genus myrtus, celebrated for its beautiful and fragrant 
foliage. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. 

MYRTLE-BER-RY, n. The fruit of the myrtle. 

MYRTLE-WAX, n. A concrete oil or vegetable wax, pro- 
duced by certain plants called myrica, or candleberry 
myrtle. — Encyc. Am. 

MY'RUS, ii. A Mediterranean species of conger eel. 

MY-SELF', pron. 1. A compound of my and self, used after 
/, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinc- 
tion between the speaker and another person ; as, I my- 
self will do it. — 2. In the objective case, the reciprocal of I, 
as, I will defend myself. 3. It is sometimes used without 
I, particularly in poetry. 

MYS-TA-GOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to the interpretation of 
mysteries. 

MYSTA-GOGUE (mis'ta-gog), n. [Gr. pvorns and ayuyog.] 
1. One who interprets mysteries. 2. One who keeps 
church relics and shows them to strangers. 

MYS-Te'RI-AL, a. Containing a mystery or enigma. 

MYS-Te'RI-aRCH, n. [Gr. uvcr^piov and apxoS.] One pre 
siding over mysteries. — Johnson. 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS, a. 1. Hid from the understanding . Lot 
clearly understood. — 2. In religion, not revealed or ex- 
plained ; hidden from human understanding ; beyond hu- 
man comprehension. — Syn. Obscure ; secret ; occult ; 
dark ; mystic ; cabalistic , enigmatical ; unintelligible ; in- 
comprehensible. 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely ; enigmatically. 2. 
In a manner wonderfully obscure and unintelligible. 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS-NESS, ii. 1. Obscurity; the quality of be- 
ing hid from the understanding, and calculated to excito 
curiosity_or wonder. 2. Artful perplexity. 

MYSTER-iZE, v. t. To express in enigmas. 

MYSTER-IZ.ED, pp. Expressed enigmatically. 

MYSTER-lZ-ING, ppr. Expressing in enigmas. 

MYSTER-Y, n. [L. mysterium ; Gr. uvorripiov.] 1. A pro 
found secret ; something wholly unknown. — 2. In religion, 
any thing in the character or attributes of God, or in the 
economy of Divine providence, which i3 not revealed to 
man. 3. That which is beyond human comprehension 
until explained. 4. An enigma ; any thing artfully made 
difficult. 5. A kind of rude drama, of a religious charac- 
ter, called a mystery or miracle, because representing the 
mysterious doctrines of Christianity or its early miracles. 
6. A trade ; a calling; any mechanical occupation which 
supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to those who carry 
it on, and therefore a secret to others. — 7. The Mysteries, 
among the ancients, were a kind of secret religious wor- 
ship, to which none were admitted except those who had 
been initiated by certain preparatory ceremonies. 

MYSTIC, n. One who holds the doctrines of mysticism. 

MYSTIC, > a. [L. mysticus.] 1. Obscure ; hid ; secret. 

MYSTIG-AL, 5 2. Sacredly obscure or secret ; remote 
from human comprehension. 3. Involving some secret 
meaning; allegorical; emblematical. 

MYSTIC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner or by an act implying 
a secret meaning. — Donne. 

MYSTIC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being mystical, or of 
involving some secret meaning. 

MYSTI-CISM, n. 1. Obscurity of doctrine. 2. The doctrine 
of the Mystics, who profess a pure, sublime, and perfect 
devotion, wholly disinterested, and maintain that in calm 
and holy contemplation they have direct intercourse with 
the Divine Spirit, and acquire a knowledge in divine 
things which is unattainable by the reasoning faculty. 

MYSTICS, n. pi. A class of religious people who profess to 
have direct intercourse with the Spirit of God in calm and 
holy contemplation, and to receive such impressions as 
are true religious knowledge. — Murdoch. 

MYS-TI-FI-CITION, n. The act of rendering any thing 
mysterious. 

MYSTI-Fl-ED, pp. Involved in mystery so as to mislead. 

MYSTI-FY, v. t. To involve in mystery so as to mislead. 



* See Sy 



A, %% &.c, long.— a. E,I, &c, short -FaR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE. BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



NA1 



666 



NAN 



MYSTt-Ft-ING, ppr. Involving in mystery so as to mislead. 

MYTH, ?i. [Gr. uvOog.] A fictitious or fanciful narrative 
having an analogy more or less remote to some real event. 

MYTH'IC, ) a.""[from Gr. uvdos.] Pertaining to a myth; 

MYTH'I€-AL, $ fabulous.— Shuckford. 

MYTHTC-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a myth ; fabu- 
lously. 

MY-THOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. nv6o$ and ypafu.] A writer 
of fables. 

MYTH-O-LOg'IC, \a. Relating to mythology; fabu- 

MYTH-0-LOg'I€-AL, 5 lous. 

MYTH-0-LOGl€-AL-LY, adv. In a way suited to the sys- 
tem of fables. 

My-THOL'O-gIST, n. One versed in mythology ; one who 
writes on mythology. — Norris. 

My-THOL'O-gIZE, v. i. To relate or explain the fabulous 
history of the heathen. 

My-THOL'O-gY, n. [Gr. uvcpog and Xoyos-] A system of fa- 
bles, or fabulous opinions and doctrines, respecting the 
deities which heathen nations have supposed to preside 
• over the world or to influence the afiairs of it. 

My'THO-PLASM, n. A narration of mere fable. 

MYTI-LlTE, n. [Gr. uvnXos.] In geology, a petrified mus- 
cle or shell of the genus mytilus. 

MYX'ON, n. [Gr. nvtys-] A fish of the mullet kind. 



N. 



Nis the fourteenth letter of the English alphabet, and an 
articulation formed by placing the end of the tongue 
against the root of the upper teeth. It is an imperfect 
mute or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter ; the articulation 
being accompanied with a sound through the nose. It has 
one sound only, and after m is silent, or nearly so, as in 
hymn and condemn. 

N, among the ancients, was a numeral letter, signifying 900, 
and. with a stroke over it, N, 9000. — Among the lawyers, 
N. L. stood for non liquet, the case is not clear. — N. is used 
as an abbreviation of north. N. E. stands for northeast ; 
N. W. for northwest ; N. N. E. for north-northeast ; N. N.W. 
for north-northwest, &c. — In commerce, No. is an abbrevia- 
tion of the French nombre, and stands for number. N. B. 
stands for L. nota bene, observe well. N. S. stands for 
new style. 

NAB, n. The summit of a mountain or rock.— Grose. 



Nacre. 



NAB, v. t. [Sw. nappa; Dan. napper.] To catch suddenly ; 
to seize by a sudden grasp or thrust [^4 low word.] 

NABB£D, pp. Caught suddenly. 

NAB'BING, ppr. Seizing suddenly. 

Na'BOB, n. 1. A deputy or viceroy in India ; properly, a sub- 
ordinate provincial governor under a subahdar. Hence, 
2. A man of great wealth. 

NACA-RAT, n. [Sp. nacar, mother-of-pearl.] 1. A pale red 
color of an orange cast 2. A fine linen or crape dyed of 
this color. — lira. 

NACK'ER, ) 

NI'KER. j 

Na'CRE (nafkev), n. [Ft.] A beautiful iridescent substance 
which lines the interior of some shells, and is most per- 
fect in the mother-of-pearl. — Buchanan. 

Na'€RE-OUS, a. Having an iridescent luster like the moth- 
er-of-pearl. — Phillips. 

Na'CRiTE, n. A mineral consisting of fine pearly scales, 
and having a greasy feel. It contains silica and alumina. 
— Dana. 

tf I'DiR, n. [Ar.] That point of the heavens or lower hem- 
isphere directly opposite to the zenith ; the point directly 
under the place where we stand. 

Na'DLE-STEiN, n. [G. nadel and stein.] Needle-stone ; ru- 
tile. — Ure. 

NiEVE, n. [L. iuevus.] A spot. — Dryden. 

Ntf/VoSE, a. Spotted ; freckled. 

naff' } n - A kind of tufted sea - fowl - 

NAG, n. A small horse; a horse in general, or rather a 
sprightly horse. 2. A paramour. — Shak. ; [in contempt.] 

NAG'GY, a, Contentious. [North of England.] 

Na/IAD (na'yad), n. fGr. vaiaSeS-] In mythology, a water- 
nymph ; a female deity that presides over rivers and 
springs. 

Na'IA-DeS (na'ya-deez), n. pi. 1. Water nymphs ; naiads. 
[See Naiad."} — 2. In conchology, a family of fresh-water bi- 
valves. P. Cijc. — 3. In botany, an order of endogenous 
aquatic plants. — P. Cyc. 

NaIL, n. [Sax. n<zgel ; Sw., G., D. nagel.] 1. The claw or 
talon of a bird or other animal. 2. The horny substance 
growing at the end of the human fingers and toes. 3. A 
small pointed piece of metal, usually with a head ; to be 
driven into a board or other piece of timber, and serving 



to fasten it to other timber. 4. A stud or boss ; u shon 
nail with a large broad head. — Swift. 5. A measure of 
length, being two inches and a quarter, or the loth of a 
yard. — On the nail, in hand ; immediately ; without delay 
or time of credit. — To hit the nail on the head, to hit or 
touch the exact point 

NaIL, v. t. 1. To fasten with nails ; to unite, close, or make 
compact with nails. 2. To stud with nails. 3. To stop 
the vent of a cannon ; to spike. 

NaIL^D, pp. Fastened with nails ; studded. 

NaIL'ER, ti. One whose occupation is to make nails 

NaIL'ER-Y, 7i. A manufactory where nails are made. 

NaIL'ING, ppr. Fastening with nails ; studding. 

NJi'lVE (na'ev), a. [Fr.] Having native or unaffected sim 
plicity ; ingenuous. 

Na'iVE-LY, adv. [Fr. naif, from L. nativus.] With native 
or unaffected simplicity. 

T&A'i'VE-TE (na'ev-ta), n. Native simplicity; unaffected 
plainness or ingenuousness. — Gray. 

Na'KED, a. [Sax. nacod; G. nacket, nackt ; D. naakt.] 1. 
Not covered ; having no clothes on. 2. Exposed ; having 
no means of defense. 3. Open to view ; not concealed. — 
Heb., iv. 4. Destitute of worldly goods. — Job, i. 5. Ex- 
posed to shame and disgrace. — Ex., xxxii. 6. Guilty and 
exposed to divine wrath. — Rev., in. 7. Without disguise, 
ornament, or exaggeration ; as, a naked statement 8. 
Without adjunct or addition ; as, naked belief. — 9. In bot- 
any, destitute of the customary covering, as a flower with- 
out a calyx, a stem without leaves, &c. 10. Not assisted 
by glasses, as vision. — 11. Naked flooring, in carpentry, is 
the timber- work of a floor. Gwilt. — Syn. Uncovered ; 
bare ; unarmed ; defenseless ; unprotected ; open ; mani- 
fest ; evident ; plain ; simple ; artless ; undisguised ; una- 
dorned ; mere. 

Na'KED-LY, adv. 1. Without covering. 2. Simply ; bare- 
ly ; merely ; in the abstract. — Burke. 3. Evidently. 

Ni'KED-NESS, ti. 1. Want of covering or clothing ; nudi- 
ty ; bareness. 2. Want of means of defense. 3. Plain- 
ness ; openness to view. — To uncover nakedness, in Scrip- 
ture, to have unlawful intercourse with a woman. 

NI'KIR, ti. A wandering pain passing from one limb to 
another. — Schenk. 

NALL, 7t. [Dan. naal.] An awl, such as collar-makers or 
shoe-makers use. [Not used, or local.] 

NAM'BY-PAM'BY, ti. or a. A term applied to that which is 
contemptible for affected prettiness. — Smart. 

NaME, ti. [Sax. nama ; D. naam ; G. name.] 1. That by 
which a thing is called ; an appellation or title attached to 
a thing by customary use. 2. The letters or characters 
written or engraved, expressing the sounds by which a 
person or thing is known and distinguished. 3. A person. 
4. Reputation; character; credit; that which is common 
ly said of a person. 5. Renown ; fame ; honor ; celebrity 
eminence : praise ; distinction. 6. Remembrance ; mem 
ory. 7. Appearance only; sound only: not reality. 8. 
Authority ; behalf; part; as, in the name of the king. 9. 
Assumed character of another. — 10. In Scripture, the name 
of God signifies his titles, his attributes, his will or pur- 
pose, his honor and glory, his word, his grace, his wisdom, 
power, and goodness, his worship or service, or God him- 
self. 11. Issue ; posterity that preserves the name. — Bent., 
xxv. — 12. In grammar, a noun. — To call names, to apply 
opprobrious names ; to call by reproachful appellations. 
Swift. — To take the name of God in vain, to swear falsely 
or profanely. — To know by name, to honor by a particular 
friendship. — Christian name, the name a person receives 
by baptism, as distinguished from surname. 

NaME, v. t. [Sax. naman, nemnan.] 1. To set or give to any 
person or thing a sound or combination of sounds, by 
which it may be known and distinguished ; to give an ap- 
pellation to. 2. To speak of by name. 3. To point out 
for any purpose by name. 4. To entitle. Milton. — To 
name the name of Christ, to make profession of faith in 
him. 2 Tim., iv. — Syn. To denominate ; style ; term : 
call ; mention ; specify ; designate ; nominate. 

NIM.ED, pp. Called ; denominated ; designated by name. 

NIME'LESS, a. 1. Without a name ; not distinguished by 
an appellation. — Waller. 2. Noting a person or tiling 
whose name is not known or mentioned. 

NIME'LESS-LY, adv. Without a name. 

NaME'LY, adv. To mention by name ; particularly. 

NaM'ER, ti. One who names or calls by name. 

NaME'SIKE, ti. One who has the same name as another 
— Addison. 

NiM'ING, ppr. Calling ; nominating ; mentioning. 

NaMTNG-LY, adv. By name. 

NAN, a Welsh word signifying what, used as an interrogative 

NAN'DU, ti. The American ostrich. 

NAN-KEEN', n. [Nankin, a Chinese word.] A species of 
cloth of a firm texture, from China, made of a sort of cot- 
ton that is naturally of a permanent yellowish color 
This cloth is now imitated by the manufacturers in Great 
Britain and America. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € asK; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



NA.R 



666 



NAT 



WaP, n. [Sax. hnappian.] A short sleep or slumber. [Col- 
loquial.] 

NAP, v. i. 1. To have a short sleep ; to be drowsy. 2. To 
be hi a careless, secure state. — Wickliffe. 

NAP, n. [Sax. hnoppa; It. nap^a] 1. The woolly or villous 
substance on the surface of cloth. 2. The downy or soft 
hairy substance on plants. 3. A knop ; [see Knop.] 

NAP'-TaK-ING, a. Taking naps. 

NAP'-TaK-ING, n. A taking by surprise ; unexpected on- 
set when one is unprepared. — Carew. 

NXPE, n. [Sax. cnap.] The prominent joint of the neck 
behind. — Bacon. 

f Na'PER-Y, n. [Fr. nappe ; It. nappa.] Linen for the table ; 
table-cloths or linen cloth in general. 

Na'PHEW (na'phu), n. [L. napus.] A plant. See Navew. 

NAPH'THA (nap'tha), n. [L., Gr., Ch., Syr., At.] A volatile, 
limpid, bituminous liquid, of a strong peculiar odor, and 
very inflammable. It exudes from the ground in various 
parts of the East. 

NAPH-THAL'I-e ACID, n. A crystalline product, in ap- 
pearance like benzoic acid, obtained from naphthaline. — 
Brande. 

NAPH'THA-LlNE, n. A white crystallizable substance, ob- 
tained from naphtha. It has a pungent, aromatic taste. 

Na'PI-FORM, a. [L. napus and forma.] Having the shape 
of a turnip, swelled in the upper part and becoming more 
slender below. — Beck. 

NAP'KIN, n. [Fr. nape.] 1. A cloth used for wiping the 
hands ; a towel. 2. A handkerchief; [obs.] 

NAP'LESS, a. Without nap ; threadbare.—- Shah. 

Na'PL_ES-YEL'LoW, n. A fine yellow pigment, used for 
enamel and oil painting. It has long been prepared in 
Italy by a secret process. — Ure. 

NAP'PAL, n. Soap rock. — Pinkerton. 

NAP'PI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being sleepy. 2. The 
quality of having a nap ; abundance of nap, as on cloth. 

NAP'PING, ppr. Taking a short sleep ; slumbering. 

NAP'PY, a. Frothy; spumy.— Gay. 

f NAR, a. Old compar. of near. — Spenser. 

N1R-Ce'I-NA, ) n. [Gr. vapKrj.] An alkaloid obtained from 

NIR'CE-iNE, 3 opium, in the form of a white crystalline 
solid, with a slightly bitter and galvanic taste. 

NIR-CIS'SUS, n. [L.] 1. In mythology, a. beautiful youth 
who was enamored of his own image, as seen in a fount- 
ain, and was changed into a flower called by his name. — 
2. In botany, a genus of cultivated bulbous-rooted plants, 
comprising the daffodils, jonquils, &c. 

NXR-Co'SIS, n. [Gr. vapKweis.] The effect of a narcotic. 

NiR-COTIG, (a. [Gr. vapnuTiKos.] Having the quali- 

NaR-€OTIG-AL, i ties of a narcotic. See the noun. 

NXR-GOTTG, n. A medicine which, in medicinal doses, al- 
lays morbid susceptibility, relieves pain, and produces 
sleep ; but which, in poisonous doses, produces stupor, 
coma, convulsions, ana, if pushed far enough, death. 

NiR-COTIC-AL-LY, adv. Operating after the manner of a 
narcotic. — Whitlock. 

NaR-GOT'IG-NESS, n. The quality of operating as a nar- 
cotic. [Not used.] 

NaR-GOT'IG-O-ACRID, a. In medicine, acrid-narcotic ; a 
term denoting a combination of acrid and narcotic prop- 
erties. 

NXR'COT-lNE, n. An alkaloid, crystalline and nearly taste- 
less, one of the active narcotic principles opium. 

NaPlD, n. [L. nardus, nardum.] 1. An aromatic plant usual- 
ly called spikenard, spica nardi, highly valued by the an- 
cients, both as an article of luxury and of medicine. 2. 
An unguent prepared from the plant. 

NaRD'XNE, a. Pertaining to nard; having the qualities of 
spikenard.-^fsz'at Res. 

t NaRE, n. [L. naris.] The nostril. — Hudibras. 

NAR'I-FORM, n. Formed like the nose. 

f NAR'RA-BLE, a. [L. narrabilis.] That may be related, told, 
or narrated. 

NAR'RaTE or NAR-RITE', v. t. [L. narro ; It. narrare.] 1. 
To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story ; to relate the par- 
ticulars of any event or transaction. 2. To write, as the 
particulars of a story or history. 

NAR'RI-TED, pp. Related; told. 

NAR'Ra-TING, ppr. Relating; telling; reciting. 

HAR-Ra'TION, to. [L. narratio.] 1. The act of telling or re- 
lating the particulars of an event. 2. A statement, in words 
or writing, of the particulars of any transaction or event, 
or of any series of transactions or events. — 3. In oratory, 
that part of a discourse which states the facts connected 
mth the subject. — Syn. Recital ; rehearsal ; relation ; de- 
scription ; explanation ; detail ; account ; narrative ; sto- 
ry ; tale ; history. 

NAR'BA-TlVE, a. [Fr. narratif.] 1. Relating the particu- 
lars of an event or transaction ; giving a particular or con- 
tinued account. 2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to 
tell particulars of events ; story-telling. 

NAR'RA-TlVE, n. The recital of a story, or a continued ac- 
count of the particulars of an event or transaction ; story. 



NAR'RA-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of narration or recital. 

NAR-Ra'TOR, n. One who narrates ; one who relates a se 
ries of events or transaction. — Watts. 

t NAR'RA-TO-RY, a. Giving an account of events.— Howell 

NAR'RI-FY, v. t. To relate ; to give account of. — Shah. 

NAR'RoW, a. [Sax. neara, nearo.] 1. Of little breadth; not 
wide or broad ; having little distance from side to side. 2. 
Of little extent ; very limited ; as, a narrow range. — 3. Fig- 
uratively, limited as to means ; straitened : as, a narrou 
fortune. 4. Covetous ; not liberal or bountiful ; as, a nar 
row soul. 5. Contracted ; of confined views or sentiments , 
very limited, as an intellect. 6. Near ; within a small dis 
tance. — Dryden. 7. Close ; near ; accurate ; scrutinizing, 
as an inspection. 8. Near ; barely sufficient to avoid evil, 
as an escape. 

NAR'RoW, n., 1 A strait ; a narrow passage through a 

NAR'RoWS, n. pi. j mountain, or a narrow channel of 
water between one sea or lake and another ; a sound.— 
Washington. — Mitford. 

NAR'RoW, v. t. 1. To lessen the breadth of; to contract. 
2. To contract in extent. 3. To draw into a smaller com- 
pass ; to contract ; to limit ; to confine. — 4. In knitting 
to contract the size of a stocking by taking two stitches 
into one. 

NAR'RoW, v. i. 1. To become less broad ; to contract in 
breadth. — 2. In horsemanship, a horse is said to nairow 
when he does not take ground enough, or bear out enough 
to the one hand or the other. 3. To contract the size of a 
stocking by taking two stitches into one. 

NAR'RoW-MiND'ED, a. Illiberal; mean-spirited; of con 
fined views or sentiments. 

NAR'RoW-MlND'ED-NESS, n. Confined views or senti- 
ments ; illiberality. 

NAR'RoW-SIGHT'ED, a. Having a narrow sight. 

NAR'RoWED, pp. or a. Contracted ; made less wide. 

NAR'RoW-ER, n. The person or thing which narrows or 
contracts. 

NAR'RoW-ING, ppr. Contracting ; making less broad. 

NAR'RoW-ING, n. 1. The act of narrowing or contracting. 
2. The part of a stocking which is narrowed. 

NAR'RoW-LY, adv. 1. With little breadth. 2. Contracted- 
ly ; without much extent. 3. Closely ; accurately ; with 
minute scrutiny. 4. Nearly ; within a little ; by a small 
distance. 5. Sparingly. 

NAR'RoW-NESS, n. Smallness of breadth or distance from 
side to side. 2. Smallness of extent; contractedness. 3. 
Smallness of estate or means of living ; poverty. 4. Con- 
tractedness ; penuriousness ; covetousness. 5. Dliberali- 
ty; want of generous, enlarged, or charitable views or 
sentiments. 

NaR'WAL, }n. [G.narwall.] The monodon monoceros, a 

NARWHAL, > cetaceous mammal found in the northern 
seas ; called, also, the sea unicorn, from having a single, 
long, protruded tusk. 

t NAS, for ne has, has not. — Spenser. 

Na'SAL, a. [L. nasus ; It. nasale.] Pertaining to the nose . 
formed or affected by the nose. 

Na'SAL, n. 1. A letter whose sound is affected by the nose, 
2. A medicine that operates through the nose ; an errhine 

NA-SAL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being nasal. 

Na'SAL-IZE, v. t. To render nasal, as sound. 

Na'SAL-IZ.ED, pp. or a. Rendered nasal, as sound. 

Na SAL-LY, adv. Through the nose ; as, a nasal letter 

NAS'GAL, n. A kind of pessary. — Ferrand. 

NAS'CEN-CY, n. The beginning of production. 

NAS'CENT, a. [L. nascens.] 1. Beginning to exist or to 
grow. Black. — 2. In chemistry, in the act of being pro- 
duced or evolved, as gas, &c. 

NaSE'BER-RY, n. The fruit of a tropical tree of the genus 
achras. — Loudon. 

NAS1-GOR-NOU3, a. [L. nasus and cornu.] Having a horn 
growing on the nose. — Brown. 

NAS'I-FORM, a. [L. nasus and form.] Having the shape of 
the nose. 

NaS'TI-LY, adv. 1. In a nasty manner ; filthily ; dirtily. 2. 
Obscenely. 

NaSTI-NESS, n. Extreme filthiness ; dirtiness: filth. 2. 
Obscenity ; ribaldry. — South. 

NAS-TUR'TIUM, In. [L. nasturtium.] An American annu- 

NAS-TUR'TION, 5 al plant, of a strong smell, whose fruit 
is used as a pickle ; Indian cress. Botanists apply the 
name nasturtium to the water-cress and allied plants. 

NaS'TY, a. 1. Disgustingly filthy ; very dirty, foul, or de- 
filed; nauseous. — Attcrbury. 2. Obscene. 

Na'SUTE, a. [L. naswtus.] Critically nice ; captious.— By. 
Gauden. 

Na'TAL, a. [L. natalis.] Pertaining to birth. 

Na-TAL-i"TIAL (-ish'al), \a. [L. natalitius.] Pertaining 

Na-TAL-I"TIOUS (-ish'us), 5 to one's birth or birth-day, or 
consecrated to one's nativity. 

t Na'TALS, n. pi. Time and place of nativity. 

Na'TANT, a. [L. natans.] 
on the surface of water. 



In hotany, swimming; floating 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRET ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK. 



I\ r AT 



667 



NAU 



Na'TANT-LY, adv. In a floating manner ; swimmingly. 

NA-Ta'TION, n. [L. natatin.] A swimming; the act of float- 
ing on the water. — Brown. [Little used.] 

Na-TA-ToTU-AL. a. Swimming, or adapted to swimming ; 
a term applied to such birds as habitually live upon the 
waters. — Swainson. 

Nl'TA-TO-RY, a. Enabling to swim.— Brit. Grit. 

NATCH, n. [for notch.] The part of an ox between the 
loins, near the rump. — Marshal. 

t NATH'LESS, adv. [Sax. natheles.] Nevertheless ; not the 
less ; notwithstanding. — Milton. 

1 NATH'MoRE, adv. [na, the, and more.] Not the more ; 
never the more. — Spenser. 

Na'TION, n. [L. natio.] 1. A body of people inhabiting the 
same country, or united under the same sovereign or gov- 
ernment 2. A great number, [by way of emphasis.] 

* Na'TION-AL (na'shun- or nash'un-), a. 1. Pertaining to a 

nation. 2. Public ; general ; common to a nation. 3. At- 
tached, or unduly attached, to one's own country. — Na- 
tional guards, in France, are the militia of the kingdom, 

* Na'TION-AL-ISM (na'shun- or nash'un-), n. The state of 
being national ; nationality. 

* Na-TION-AL'I-TY (na-ehun- or nash-un-), n. National char- 

acter ; also, the quality of being national, or strongly at- 
tached to onejs own nation. — Boswell. 

* Na'TION-AL-iZE, v. t. To make national ; to give to one 

the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar attach- 
ments which_belong to citizens of the same nation. 

* Na/TION-AL-iZ ED, pp. Rendered national. 

* Na'TION-AL-iZ-ING, ppr. Making national ; giving one 
the character and habits of a nation. 

* Na'TION-AL-LY (na'shun- or nash'un-).. adv. In regard to 

the nation ; as a whole nation. — South. 

* N aTION-AL-NESS, n. State of being national. 

Na'TIVE, a. [L. nativus.] 1. Produced by nature ; origin- 
al ; born with the being ; natural ; not acquired. 2. Pro- 
duced by nature ; not factitious or artificial. 3. Conferred 
by birth. 4. Pertaining to the place of birth. 5. Original ; 
that of which any thing is made. 6. Born with ; congenial. 

Na'TIVE, n. 1. One born in any place. 2. Offspring \[obs.] 
— 3. In natural history, plants and animals are said to be 
natives of that country or place from which they original- 
ly came ; as, the potato and the guinea-pig are natives of 
_South America. 

Na'TIVE-LY, adv. By birth ; naturally ; originally. 

Na'TIVE-NESS, n. State of being produced~by nature. 

NA-TIV'I-TY, n. 1. Birth ; the coming into life or the world. 
— The Nativity, by way of eminence, is the birth-day of 
our Savior. 2. Time, place, and manner of birth. 3. State 
or place of being produced. — 4. In astrology, a representa- 
tion of the positions of the heavenly bodies at the moment 
of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies ; 
horoscope. — Brande. 

NA.TKA, n. A bird, a species of shrike. — Fennant. 

NaTRO-LiTE, n. A zeolite, occurring generally in groups 
of glassy, acicular crystals and in fibrous concretions, and 
consisting of silica, alumina, and soda. — Dana. 

Na'TRON, n. Native carbonate of soda. 

NATTY, a. Neatly fine ; spruce.— Smart. [Colloquial] 

NATTI-LY, adv. In a natty manner. 

* NAT^-RAL (naf yu-ral), a. [Ft. nuturel ; L. naturalis.] 1. 
Pertaining to nature ; produced or effected by nature. 2. 
According to the stated course of things. 3. Not forced ; 
not far-fetched ; such as is dictated by nature ; as, a nat- 
ural posture or inference. 4. According to the life. 5. 
Consonant to nature. 6. Derived from nature, as opposed 
to habitual, as inclination. 7. Discoverable by reason ; not 
revealed ; as, natural theology. 8. Produced or coming 
in the ordinary course of things, or the progress of animals 
and vegetables ; as, a natural death. &. Tender ; affection- 
ate by nature.— Shak. 10. Unaffected ; unassumed ; ac- 
cording to truth and reality. 11. Illegitimate ; born out 
of wedlock ; as, a natural child. 12. Native; vernacular. 
—Swift. 13. Derived from the study of the works of na- 
ture. 14. A natural note, in music, is that which is accord- 
ing to the usual order of the scale.— Natural history is a 
description of the earth and its productions, including zo- 
ology, botany, geology, mineralogy, &c. — Natural orders, 
in botany, are groups of genera resembling each other. — 
Natural philosophy originally signified the study of nature 
in general. In present usage, natural or mechanical philos- 
ophy relates to the phenomena and laws of masses of mat- 
ter, and considers those effects only which are not attend- 
ed by any change of nature, as motion, &c. It is distin- 
guished from chemistry, which relates to the phenomena 
and laws of particles of matter, and embraces their changes 
of nature. — Olmsted. 

* NATU-RAL (naf yu-ral), n. 1. An idiot ; one born without 

the usual powers of reason or understanding. 2. A native ; 
an original inhabitant ; [obs.] 3. Gift of nature ; natural 
quality"; [obs.] — 4. In music, a character used to restore to 
its natural or usual sound a note which, according to some 
previous character, would be flat or sharp. 



NATU-RAL-ISM, n. 1. Mere state of nature.— Luvutgcon 
2. The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency 
in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and 
in the grace which renews and sanctifies men. — J. Mur 
dock. 

NAT'U-RAL-IST, n. One who studies, or who is versed in. 
natural history and philosophy or physics. 

t NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. The state of being natural. 

NAT-U-RAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of investing an alien 
with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen. 

NAT'U-RAL-lZE (nafyu-ral-ize), v. t. 1. To confer on an 
alien the rights and privileges of a native subject or citi- 
zen. 2. To make natural ; to render easy and familiar by 
custom and habit 3. To adapt to a different climate ; to 
accustom or habituate to a climate ; to acclimate, as men, 
animals, or plants. 4. To receive or adopt as native, nat- 
ural, or vernacular; to make our own, as a French word. 

NAT'U-RAL-lZ£D, pp. or a. Invested with the privileges 
of natives ; rendered easy and familiar ; adapted to a cli- 
mate ; acclimated ; received as native. 

NAT'U-RAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Vesting with the rights of native 
subjects ; making easy ; acclimating ; adopting. 

NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. 1. According to nature ; by the force 
or impulse of nature : not by art or habit. 2. According 
to nature ; without affectation ; with just representation ; 
according to life. 3. According to the usual course of 
things. 4. Spontaneously ; without art or cultivation. 

NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. The state of being given or produced 
by nature. 2. Conformity to nature, or to truth and real- 
ity ; not affectation. 

NAT'U-RALS, n. pi. Among physicians, whatever belongs 
naturally to an animal ; opposed to non-naturals. 

* Ni'TtJRE (nafyur), n. [Fr. ; L., Sp., It natura.] 1. In a 
general sense, whatever is made or produced ; a word that 
comprehends all the works of God : the universe. 2. By 
a metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for 
the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for the 
powers that produce them. 3. The essence, essential qual- 
ities, or attributes of a thing, which constitute it what it is. 
4. The established or regular course of things. 5. A law 
or principle of action or motion in a natural body. 6. 
Constitution ; aggregate powers of a body, especially a liv- 
ing one. 7. The constitution and appearances of things. 
8. Natural affection or reverence. 9. System of created 
things. 10. Sort ; species ; kind ; particular character , 
as, things of the same nature. 11. Sentiments or images 
conformed to nature, or to truth and reality. 12. Birth. 

*t NaTURE, v. t. To endow with natural qualities. 

*tNA'TUR-IST (nafyur-ist), n. One who ascribes every 
thing_to nature. — Boyle. 

t NA-Tu'RI-TY, n. The quality or state of being produced 
by nature. — Brown. 

INAUTRA6E, n. [L. naufragium.] Shipwreck. 

NAU'FRA-GOUS. a. Causing shipwreck.— Taylor. [Rare.' 1 

NAUGHT (nawt), n. [Sax. naht, nauht.] Nothing.— 7\> set 
at naught, to slight, disregard, or despise. 

NAUGHT (nawt), adv. In no degree. — Fairfax. 

NAUGHT (nawt), a. Bad ; worthless ; of no value or ac 
count. 

NAUGHT'I-LY (nawf e-ly), adv. Wickedly ; corruptly. 

NAUGHTT-NES8 (nawfe-nes), n. 1. Badness ; wickedness ; 
evil principle or purpose. 2. Slight wickedness of chil- 
dren ; perverseness ; mischievousness. — Dryden. 

NAUGHTY (nawty), a. 1. Wicked; corrupt. 2. Bad; 
worthless. 3. Mischievous : perverse ; froward. [It is 
now seldom used, except in the latter sense, as applied to 
children, or in ludicrous censure.! 

NAUL'AgE, n. [L. naulum.] The freight of passengers in a 
ship. [Little used.] 

NAU'MA-CHY, n. [L. naumachia.] 1. Among the ancient 
B.omans, a show or spectacle representing a sea-fight 2. 
The place where these shows were exhibited. 

NAUS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. vavs and gko-eu.] The art of discov- 
ering the approach of ships or the neighborhood of lands 
at a considerable distance. — Maty. 

NAU'SEA (naw'shea), n. [L.] Originally and properly, sea- 
sickness ; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach, ac- 
companied with a propensity to vomit ; qualm ; loathing ; 
disgust ; squeamishness of the stomach. 

NAU'SE-ANT (-she-ant), n. A substance which produces 
nausea. 

NAU'SE-aTE (naw'she-ate), v. i. [L. nausco.] To become 
squeamish ; to feel disgust ; to be inclined to reject from 
the stomach. 

NAU'SE-aTE, v. t. 1. To loathe ; to reject with disgust. 2 
To affect with disgust. 

NAU'SE-a-TED, pp. Rejected with disgust. 

NAU'SE-a-TING, ppr. Loathing ; rejecting with disgust 

NAU-SE-ITION (naw-she-a'shun), n. The act of nauseating. 
"Bp. Hall. 

NAUSEOUS (naw'shus), a. Loathsome ; disgustful ; dia 
gusting ; regarded with abhorrence. 

NAU'SEOUS-LY, adv. Loathsomely; disgustfully. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



NE 



668 



NEB 



NAU'SEOUS-NESS, «. Loathsomeness; quality of exciting 
disgust. — Dry den . 

NAU'TIC, }a. [L. nauticus.] Pertaining to seamen or 

NAU'TIC-AL, 3 navigation ; naval ; marine. 

NAUTI-LlTE, n. [L. nautilus.] A fossil nautilus. 

NAU'TI-LOID, a. Resembling the nautilus in form. 

NAUTI-LOID, n. [nautilus, and udos.] That which has the 
form of the nautilus. 

NAU'TI-LUS, n. [L.] 1. The name of a small genus of ceph- 
alopodous mollusca. The shell is spiral, and divided by 
partitions into several chambers or cavities, the last of 
which is largest, and contains the body of the animal. 2. 
This term is also popidarly applied to the argonauta argo, 
which is very different from the real nautilus. This an- 
imal is said to move in its shell on the surface of the wa- 
ter by extending two of its arms, and supporting between 
these a membrane that serves as a sail. 

Na'VAL, a. [L. navalis.] 1. Consisting of ships. 2. Per- 
taining to ships or to a navy. — Syn. Nautical ; marine ; 
maritime. 

Na'VAL OF'FI-CER, n. In a United States custom-house, an 
officer who assists the collector in collecting duties on 
goods imported. — Bouvier. 

f Na'VALS, n. pi. Naval affairs. — Clarendon. 

Na'VaRGK, n. [Gr. vavapxoS.] In ancient Greece, the com- 
mander of a fleet. — Mitford. 

Na'VaR€H-Y, n. [from L. navarchus.] Knowledge of man- 
aging ships. — Petty. 

NaVE, n. [Sax. nafa, nafu.] 1. The thick piece of timber 
in the center of a wheel, in which the spokes are inserted ; 
the hub. 2. The middle or body of a church, extending 
from the baluster or rail of the choir to the principal en- 
trance. 

Nl'ViSL (na'vl), n. [Sax. nafela ; D. navel] The center of 
the lower part of the abdomen, or the point where the um- 
bilical cord passes out of the fetus. 

N a'VjEL-GALL, n. A bruise on the top of the chine of the 
back of a horse, behind the saddle. — Johnson. 

Na'VEL-STRING, n. The umbilical cord. 

Na'V EL-WORT, n. A plant of the genus cotyledon. 

Ni'VEW (na'vu), n. [L. napus; Sax. nape.] A plant, the 
brassica napus, also called the French turnip. 

NA-VICU-LAR, a. [L. navicula.] 1. Relating to small ships 
or boats. 2. Shaped like a boat ; cymbiform. 

NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. navigabilis.] That may be navigated 
or passed in ships or vessels. 

NAV'I-GA-BLE-NESS, In. The quality or state of being 

NAV-I-GA-BIL'I-TY, 5 navigable. 

NAVI-GA-BLY, adv. In a navigable manner. 

NAVT-GaTE, v. i. [L. navigo.] To pass on water in ships ; 
to sail. — Arbuthnot. 

NAV'1-GaTE, v. t. To pass over in ships ; to sail on, as a 
sea. 2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing, as a vessel. 

N AV'1-Ga-TED, pp. or a. Steered or managed in passing on 
the water ; passed over in sailing. 

NAV'I-Ga-TING, ppr. Passing on or over in sailing ; steer- 
ing and managing in sailing. 

NAV-1-Ga'TION, n. [L. navigation 1. The act of navigating ; 
the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels ; the 
state of being navigable. 2. The science or art of conduct- 
ing ships or vessels from one place to another. 3. Ships 
in general. — Aerial navigation, the act or art of passing 
through the air in balloons. 

NAV'1-Ga-TOR, n. One who navigates or sails ; chiefly, one 
who directs the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in 
the art of navigation. 

NI'VY, n. [L. navis.] 1. A fleet of ships ; an assemblage of 
merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. 2. The 
whole of the ships of war b ^longing to a nation or king. 
3. The officers and men belonging to a navy. — Smart. 

I NAWL, n. An awl. 

NaY, adv. [a contracted word ; L. nego ; Sw. ney or nej, 
from neka, to deny.] 1. No ; a word that expresses nega- 
tion. 2. It expresses, also, refusal. 3. Not only so ; not 
this alone ; intimating that something is to be added by 
way of amplification. 

NaY, n. Denial; refusal. 

t NaY, v. t. To refuse. 

t NaY'WARD. n. Tendency to denial.— Shah. 

fNAY'VVoRD (na'wurd), n. A by-word; a proverbial re- 
proach ; a watch-word. 

NAZ-A-Re'AN, > n. One of a sect of Judaizing Christians 

NAZ-A-ReNE,' 5 in the second century, who observed the 
laws of Moses and rejected the commonly-received gos- 
pels, holding a peculiar one of their own. — Murdoch. 

NAZ-A-RENE', n. An inhabitant of Nazareth ; one of the 
early converts to Christianity ; [in contempt.] 

NAZ'A-RiTE, n. A Jew who bound himself by a vow to 
extraordinary purity of life and devotion. 

NAZ'A-RIT-ISM, n. The vow and practice of a Nazarite.— 
Burder. 

NaZE, n. A cliff or headland ; same as ness. — Smart. 

fNE, [Sax.] not, is obsolete. We find it in early English 



writers, prefixed to other words ; as, nill for ne will, wiL 
not ; nas for ne has, has not. — Spenser. 

tNEAF, n. [Ice. nefi; Scot, nieve.] The fist— Shak. 

NeAL, v. t. [Sax. ancelan.] To temper and reduce to a due 
consistence by heat. [Rarely used.] See Anneal. 

NeAL, v. i. To be tempered by heat. [Little used.] Set 
Anneal. 

NeAP (neep), n. The tongue or pole of a cart, sled, or wag- 
on. [New England.] 

NeAP, a. [Sax. hnipan.] The neap tides are those which 
happen near the first and last quarters of the moon, when 
the difference betweed high and low water is less than at 
any other period in the month. They are opposed to 
spring tides. 

NeAP, n._ A neap tide. See the adjective. 

Ne AP'-TlDE, n. A name given to certain tides. See Neap, a. 

NeAPJED } (-neeptf), a. Left aground. A ship is said to 

BE-Ne APED' 5 be neaped when left aground at the height 
of the spring tides. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

NE-A-POL'I-TAN, a. Belonging to Naples, in Italy. 

NE-A-POL'I-TAN, n. An inhabitant or native of the king- 
dom of Naples. 

NeAR (neer), a. [Sax. ner or neara.] 1. Not far distant in 
place, time, or degree. 2. Closely related by blood ; as, 
she is my father's near kinswoman. — Lev., xviii. 3. Not 
distant in affection, support, or assistance ; willing to aid. 

4. United in close ties of affection or confidence, as a friend. 

5. Affecting one's interest or feelings. — Shak. 6. Inclined 
to covetousness ; parsimonious. 7. Not loose, free, or 
rambling ; literal ; closely resembling an original ; as, the 
nearest translation. 8. Next to one ; on the left ; opposed 
to off; as, the near side. — Syn. Nigh ; close ; adjacent ; 
proximate ; contiguous ; present ; ready ; intimate ; fa- 
miliar; dear. 

NEAR, adv. Almost ; within a little. — Addison. 

NEAR, v. t. To approach ; to come nearer ; as, the slnp 
neared the land. [A seaman's phrase.] 

NeAR, v. i. To draw near. [A naval expression.] 

NeAR'-SIGHT'ED (neer'-sifed), a. Short-sighted; seeing ai 
a small distance only. 

NeAR'-SIGHT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being short- 
sighted. 

NeAR'EST, a. [snperl. of near.] Shortest ; most direct. 

NeAR'LY, adv. 1. At no great distance ; not remotely. 2. 
Closely. 3. Intimately ; pressingly ; with a close relation 
to one's interest or happiness. 4. Almost; within a little. 

5. In a parsimonious or niggardly manner. 
NeAR'NESS, n. 1. Closeness ; small distance. 2. Close a'. 

liance by blood ; propinquity. 3. Close union by affec- 
tion ; intimacy of friendship. 4. Parsimony ; closeness in 
expenses. — Bacon. 

NeAT (neet), n. [Sax. neat, neten.] 1. Cattle of the bovine 
genus, as bulls, oxen, and cows. 2. A single cow. 

NeAT, a. [It. netto ; Sp. neto ; Fr. net] 1. Very clean ; free 
from foul or extraneous matter. 2. Free from impure 
words and phrases ; [applied to style.] 3. Preserving neat- 
ness, as persons. 4. Unmixed ; unadulterated ; [obs.] 5. 
Free from tawdry appendages and well adjusted, as attiio 

6. Clear of the cask, case, bag, box, &c. ; as, neat weight. 
It is usually written net or nett. — Syn. Nice ; pure ; clean- 
ly ; tidy ; trim ; spruce. 

NeAT'HERD, n. [Sax. neathyrd.] A person who has the 
care of cattle ; a cow-keeper. — Dryden. 

NeAT'LY, adv. 1. With neatness; in a neat manner ; in a 
cleanly manner. 2. With good taste ; without tawdry or 
naments. 3. Nicely; handsomely. 

Ne AT'NESS, n. 1. Exact cleanliness ; entire freedom from 
foul matter. 2. Purity ; freedom from ill-chosen words. 
3. Freedom from useless or tawdry ornaments ; with good 
adjustment of tho several parts. 

NeAT'RESS, n. A female who takes care of cattle. [Not 
used in America.] 

Ne AT'S'-FOOT OIL, n. Oil obtained by boiling calves' feet 
Gardner. 

NEB, n. [Sax. neb or nebbe.] The nose ; the beak of a bird ; 
the bill ; the mouth ; also written nib. 

NEB'U-LA, n. ; pi. Nebulje. [L. nebula.] 1. A white spot, 
or a slight opacity, of the cornea. — 2. In astronomy, a 
name given to faint, misty appearances, which are dimly 
seen among the stars, resembling a comet or a speck of 
fog. They are usually, but not always, resolved by the 
telescope into myriads of small stars. — Olmsted. 

NEB'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to nebulas. — Nebular hypothesis, 
a celebrated hypothesis, framed by Laplace, which sup- 
poses that the solar system has been gradually formed out 
of a nebula or collection of matter thinly diffused through 
a large space. 

NEB-U-LOS'I-TY, n, 1. The state of being cloudy or hazy. 
— 2. In astronomy, a name given to the faint, misty ap- 
pearances surrounding certain stars. — Olmsted. 

NEB'U-LOUS, a. [L. nebulosus.] 1. Cloudy; hazy.— 2. Im 
astronomy, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a 
nebula. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— 1, e, ¥, &c, short.— FiR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD :- MOVE, BOOK, 



IS'EC 



669 



NEE 



NEC-ES-Sa'RI-AN, n. An advocate for the doctrine ;f phil- 
osophical necessity ; more properly, necessitarian. 

NEC'ES-SA-RiES, n. pi. See Necessary. 

NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, adv. 1. By necessity ; in such a manner 
that it can not be otherwise. 2. Indispensably. 3. By un- 
avoidable consequence. 

NEC'ES-SA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being necessary. 

NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. [L. necessarius.] 1. That must be ; that 
can not be otherwise ; indispensably requisite. 2. Indis- 
pensable ; needful ; requisite ; essential ; that can not be 
otherwise without preventing the purpose intended. 3. 
Unavoidable ; inevitable, as a conclusion or result. 4. 
Acting from necessity or compulsion ; opposed to free ; 
as, a necessary agent. 

NEC'ES-SA-RY, n. Something necessary or indispensable 
to some purpose ; as, a necessary of life : more commonly 
in the plural. 

NEC'ES-SA-RY, n. A privy. 

NE-CES-SI-Ta'RI-AN, \n. One who maintains the doc- 

NEC-ES-Sa'RI-AN, y trine of philosophical necessity. 

NE-CES'SI-TITE, v. t. [L. necessitas.] To make necessary 
or indispensable ; to render unavoidable. — Syn. To com- 
pel : force ; oblige ; constrain ; impel. 

NE-CES'SI-TI-TED, pp. Made necessary, indispensable, or 
unavoidable. 

NE-CES'SI-Ti-TING, ppr. Making necessary or indispens- 
able. 

NE-CES-SI-TXTION, n. The act of making necessary; 
compulsion. — Bramhall. [Little used.] 

f NE-CES'SI-TI£D (-tid), a. In a state of want.— Shale. 

NE-CES'SI-TOUS, a. 1. Very needy or indigent ; pressed 
with poverty. 2. Narrow ; destitute ; pinching. 

NE-CES'SI-TOUS-LY. adv. In a necessitous manner. 

NE-CES'SI-TOUS-NESS, n. Extreme poverty or destitu- 
tion of the means of living ; pressing want. 

f NE-CES'SI-TUDE, n, Necessitousness ; want. 

NE-CES'SI-TY, n. [I,, necessitas.] 1. That which must be, 
and can not be otherwise ; or the cause of that which can 
not be otherwise. 2. Irresistible power ; compulsive 
force, physical or moral. 3. Indispensableness ; the state 
of being requisite. 4. Extreme indigence ; pinching pov- 
erty ; pressing need ; exigency ; emergency. 5. Unavoid- 
ableness ; inevitableness. — 6. In the plural, things requi- 
site for a purpose. — Shak. 

flEGK, n. [Sax. hnece, hnecca, necca ; D. nek ; Sw. nacke.] 
1. The part of an animal's body which is between the head 
and the trunk, and connects them. 2. A long, narrow 
tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow 
tract connecting two larger tracts. 3. Any part corre- 
sponding to the neck ; the long, slender part of a vessel, as 
'a retort ; or of a plant, as a gourd. — A stiff neck, in Script- 
ure, denotes obstinacy in sin. — On the neck, immediately 
after ; following closely ; [little used.] — To break the neck 
of an affair, to hinder, or tc do the principal thing to pre- 
vent. — To harden the neck, to grow obstinate. 

NE€K'-TyE, tc. Neckerchief. -M. F. Tupper. 

t NEGK'A-TEE, n. A neckerchief. 

NEGK'BEEF, n. The coarse flesh of the neck of cattle, 
sold at a low price. — Swift. 

NECK'GLOTH, n. A piece of cloth worn on the neck. 

NEGK.ED (nekt), a. Having a neck ; as in stiff-necked. 

NESK'ER-CHlEF, n. A gorget ; a kerchief for the neck : 
it was formerly applied only to female attire. — Smart. 

NEGK'LACE, n. A string of beads or precious stones, 
worn by women on the neck. — Arbuthnot. 

NE€K/LaOED (-last), a. Marked as with a necklace. 

NEGK'LAND, n. A neck or long tract of land. 

NECK/VERSE, n. The verse formerly read to entitle a 
party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of 
the fifty -first Psalm, "Miserere mei," &c. — Tindall. 

NEGK'WEED, n. Hemp, in ridicule, because used in hang- 
ing criminals. 

NEG'RO-LlTE, n. A variety of trachyte. 

NEG-RO-L06TG-AL, a. Pertaining to or giving an account 
of the dead or of deaths. 

NE€-ROL'0-GlST, n. One who gives an account of deaths. 

NEG-ROL'O-gY, n. [Gr. veicpos and \oyos.] An account of 
the dead or of deaths ; a register of deaths. 

NE€'RO-MAN-CER, n. 1. Properly, one who pretends to 
foretell future events by holding converse with departed 
spirits. 2. Ono who uses enchantments or practices sor- 
cery. The latter is now the more usual sense. Smart. — 
Syn. Conjurer ; enchanter ; wizard ; sorcerer ; magician. 
NEG'RO-MAN-C Y, n. [Gr. viKpog and jxavraa.] 1. Properly, 
the art of revealing future events by means of a pretended 
communication with the dead. 2. Enchantment ; conju- 
ration. This is now the more usual sense.— Smart. 
NE€-RO-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to necromancy ; perform- 
ed by necromancy. 
NE€-RO-MAN'Tl€, n. Trick ; conjuration.— Young. 
NE€-RO-MAN'TI€-AL-LY, adv. By necromancy or the 

black art ; by conjuration. — Gregory. 
NEG'RO-NlTE, n. [Gr. veKpos.] Fetid feldspar. 



NE€-ROPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. veKpos and </> a yo>.] Eating oi 
feeding on the dead. — Kirby. 

NEG-ROP'O-LIS, n. [Gr. veKpos and ttoAjj.] A city of the 
dead. 

NEC-RO-SGOPTG, a. [Gr. vocpos and okottm.] Relating to 
post-mortem examinations. 

NE-€Ro'SIS, 7t. [Gr. va<pu)ais.] 1. Among physicians, mor 
tification ; the dry gangrene.— 2. Among surgeons, an in 
flammation of a bone terminating in its death. — 3. In bota 
ny, a disease of plants, consisting of small black spots, be- 
neath which the substance of the plant decays. — Brande. 

NEG'TAR, n. [L.] 1. In mythology and poetry, the drink of 
the gods. 2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink. 

NEG-Ta'RE-AN, \ a. Resembling nectar ; very sweet and 

NEG-TA'RE-OUS, 5 pleasant.— Pope. 

NEG'TARjBD, a. Imbued with nectar ; mingled with nec- 
tar ; abounding with nectar. 

NE€-Ta'RE-OUS-LY, adv. In a nectareous manner. 

NEG-Ta'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being necta 
reous. 

NE€-TaHI-AL, a. Pertaining to the nectary of a plant. 

NE€-TAR-IF'ER-OUS, a. [nectar, and L. few.] Producing 
nectar or honey. — Lee. 

NEG'TAR-lNE, a. Sweet as nectar.— Milton. 

NEG'TAR-lNE, n, A fruit resembling the peach, but with a 
smooth rind. 

NEG-Ta'RI-UM, n. [from nectar.] Any part of a floweJ 
which secretes a honey-like substance ; the nectary. 

NEG'TAR-IZE, v. t. To sweeten.— Cockcram. 

NEGTAR-IZ.ED, pp. Sweetened. 

NEC'TAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Sweetening. 

NEGTAR-OUS, a. Sweet as nectar.— Milton. 

NEG'T-AR-Y. n. In botany, the melliferous part of a vegeta 
ble, peculiar to the flower. 

tNED'DER, n. [W. nadyr; Sax. nedder.] An adder. 

NEED, n. [Sax. nead, neod, nyd ; D. nood.] 1. Want ; oc 
casion for something ; a state that requires supply or re 
lief. 2. Want of the means of subsistence. — Syn. Exi 
gency ; emergency ; strait ; extremity ; necessity ; dis 
tress ; destitution ; poverty ; indigence ; penury. 

NEED, v. t. [Sax. geneadan, genedan.] To want ; to lack ; 
to require, as supply or relief. 

NEED, v. i. To be wanted ; to be necessary ; [obs.] — Need 
is sometimes employed as an auxiliary, or, at least, is used 
in the singular as well as plural ; as, he need not go. 

NEED'ED,^?. or a. Wanted. 

NEED'ER, 7i. One who wants. 

NEED'FUL, a. Necessary, as supply or relief; requisite 

NEED'FUL-LY, adv. Necessarily. — Ben Jonson. 

NEED'I-LY, a&>\ In want or poverty. 

NEED'I-NESS, n. Want ; poverty ; indigence. 

NEEDING, ppr. Wanting ; requiring, as simply or relief. 

NEE'DLE (needl), n. [Sax. nedl, nadl; G. nadel.] 1. A 
small instrument of steel, pointed at one end, with an eye 
at the other to receive a thread, used in sewing. 2. A 
small pointed piece of steel used in the mariner's compass, 
which, by its magnetic quality, is attracted and directed to 
the pole : often called the magnetic needle. 3. Any crys- 
tallized substance in the form of a needle. — Dipping-needle. 
See Dipping-Needle. 

NEE'DLE, v. t. To form crystals in the shape of a needle. 

NEE'DLE, v. i. To shoot in crystallization into the form of 
needles. — Fourcroy. 

NEE'DLE-BOOK, n. A place for sticking needles on cloth, 
protected by covers like those of a book. 

NEE'DLE-FISH, n. A name of certain fishes, also called 
pipe-fishes. They have a long and \erj slender body. 

NEE'DLE-M1K-ER, > ~ , , . ,, 

NEE'DLER \ n ' e manufactures needles 

NEE'DLE-oRE, n. Acicular ore of bismuth.— Dana. 

NEE'DLE-POINT-ED, a. Pointed as needles. 

NEE'DLE-SToNE, n. A mineral, a species of zeolite. 

NEET)LE-W6RK (needl-wurk), n. Work executed with 
a needle ; or the business of a seamstress, 

NEE'DLE-W6RK.ED (-wurkt), a. Worked with needles. 

NEE'DLE-ZE'O-LlTE, n. A species of zeolite. 

NEE'DL-ED, pp. or a. Crystallized in the form of needles. 

NEE'DLE-FUL, n. As much thread as is put at once in a 
needle. 

NEED'LESS, a. 1. Not wanted; unnecessary; not requi- 
site. 2. Not wanting.— Shak. ; [obs.]— Syn. Unnecessary 
useless ; profitless ; unprofitable. 

NEED'LESS-LY, adv. Without necessity. 

NEED'LESS-NESS, n. Unnecessariness. — Locke. 

NEE'DLING, ppr. Forming crystals like needles. 

tNEED'MENT, n. Something needed or wanted. 

NEEDS, adv. [Sax. nedes.] Necessarily ; indispensably . 
generally used with must. 

NEEDY, a. Necessitous ; indigent ; very poor ; distressed 
by want of the means of living. — Addison. 

NEEL'GHAU, n. See Nylghau. 

* NE'ER (nare), A contraction of never. 

tNEESE (neez), v. i. [G. neesen.] To sneeze. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.~ € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cll as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



NEG 



670 



NEO 



NEESEW6RT, n. A plant.— Sherwood. 

i NEES'ING, n. A sneezing. 

NE EX'E-AT. [L.l In law, a writ to prevent a person 
from going out of the country. — Bouvier. 

INEF, n. The nave of a church. See Nave. 

NE-FAN'DOUS, a. [L. nefandus.] Not to be named ; abom- 
inable. — Sheldon. 

NE-FI/RI-OUS, a. [L. nefarius.] Wicked in the extreme ; 
stefril, villainous, or vile in the highest degree. — Syn. Abom- 
inable ; detestable ; horrible ; dreadful ; atrocious ; infa- 
mous ; iniquitous ; impious. 

NE-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness ; abom- 
inably. — Milton. 

NE-F A'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being nefarious. 

NE-Ga'TION, n. [L. negatio.] 1. Denial ; a declaration that 
something is not. — 2. In logic, description by denial, ex- 
clusion, or exception. 3. Argument drawn from denial. 

NEG'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. negatif; L. negativus.] 1. Implying 
denial or negation ; opposed to affirmative. 2. Implying 
absence ; opposed to ■positive. 3. Having the power of 
stopping or restraining; as, a negative vote. — Negative 
sign, in algebra, the sign of subtraction, thus, — . Nega- 
tive quantity, a quantity which is required to be subtract- 
ed. — Negative electricity, in Dr. Franklin's theory, a defi- 
ciency of the electric fluid. 

NEG'A-TlVE, n. 1. A proposition by which something is 
denied. 2. A word that denies ; as, not, no. — 3. In legisla- 
tion, the right or power of preventing the enaction of a 
law or decree. — Negative pregnant, in law, is a negative 
which brings forth, or implies, an affirmative. — Encyc. Am. 

NEG'A-TlVE, v. t. 1. To disprove ; to prove the contrary. 

2. To reject by vote ; to refuse to enact or sanction. 3. 
To resist a choice or what is proposed. 

NEG'A-TIViSD, pp. Disproved ; rejected by vote. 

NEG'A-TIVE-LY, adv. 1. With or by denial. 2. In the 
form of speech implying the absence of something. 3. 
Negatively charged or electrified, in Dr. Franklin's theory 
of electricity, having a deficiency of the electric fluid. 

NEG'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being negative. 

NEGA-TO-RY, a. That denies ; belonging to negation. 
[Little used.] 

NEG-LECT', v. t. [L. neglectus.] 1. To omit by careless- 
ness or design ; to forbear to do, use, employ, promote, or 
attend to. 2. To omit to accept or embrace, as an offer. 

3. Not to notice ; to forbear to treat with attention or re- 
spect, as a stranger. 4. To postpone ; [obs.] — Syn. To 
disregard ; disesteem ; overlook ; slight ; contemn. 

NEG-LECT', n. 1. Omission ; forbearance to do any thing 
that can be done or that requires to be done. 2. Omission 
of attention or civilities ; as, to treat one with neglect. 3. 
Habitual want of regard. 4. State of being disregarded. 
— Syn. Inattention ; disregard ; disesteem ; slight ; indif- 
ference ; negligence. 

NEG-LEGTED, pp. or a. Omitted to be done ; slighted ; 
disregarded. 

NEG-LECT'ED-NESS, n. State of being neglected.— 
More. 

NEG-LEGT'ER, n. One who neglects. 

NEG-LEGT'FUL, a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; inattentive. 2. 
Accustomed or apt to omit what may or ought-to be done. 
3. Treating with neglect or slight. 4. Indicating neglect, 
slight, or indifference. 

NEG-LEGT'FUL-LY, adv. With neglect ; with heedless in- 
attention ; with careless indifference. 

NEG-LE€T'ING,jipr. Omitting; passing by ; forbearing to 
do; slisrhting; treating with indifference. 

NEG-LECT'ING-LY, adv. Carelessly ; heedlessly.— Shah. 

f NEG-LE€'TION, n. The state of being negligent. 

NEG-LEGT'lVE, a. Inattentive ; regardless of. [Rare.] 

NEG-LI-GEE' (neg-le-zha 1 ), n. [Fr. neglige.] A kind, of gown 
formerly worn. 

NEG'LI-GENCE, n. [L. negligentia.] 1. Neglect ; omission 
to do. 2. Habitual omission of that which ought to be 
done, or a habit of omitting to do things ; carelessness. 

NEG'LI-gENT, a. 1. Apt or accustomed to omit what 
ought to be done. 2. Not having regard. — Syn. Care- 
less ; heedless ; neglectful ; regardless ; indifferent ; inat- 
tentive ; remiss. 

N T EG'LI-GENT-LY, adv. 1. Carelessly; heedlessly; with- 
out exactness. 2. With slight, disregard, or inattention. 

SE-GO-TIA-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of being negotiable or 
transferable by indorsement. — Sewall. 

NE-Go'TIA-BLE (-sha-bl), a. That may be transferred by 
assignment or indorsement ; that may be passed from the 
owner to another person so as to. vest the property in the 
assignee. — Walsh. 

> NE-Go'TlANT, n. One who negotiates ; a negotiator. 

NE-Go'TIaTE, v. i. [L. negotior; Fr. negocier.] 1. To 
transact business ; to treat with another respecting pur- 
chase and sale ; to hold intercourse in bargaining or trade. 
2. To hold intercourse with another respecting a treaty, 
league, or convention ; to treat with respecting peace or 
commerce. 



NE-Go'TIaTE (ne-go'shate), v. t. 1. To procure by muUw 
intercourse and agreement with another. 2. To procure 
make, or establish by mutual intercourse and agreement 
with others. 3. To sell ; to pass ; to transfer for a valua 
ble consideration, as a note. 

NE-Go'TIa-TED, pp. Procured or obtained by agreemem 
with another ; sold or transferred for a valuable consider 
ation. 

NE-Go'TIa-TING, ppr. Treating with: transacting busi- 
ness. 

NE-GO-TI-a'TION, (-she-aO, n. 1. A negotiating ; the trans- 
acting of business in traffic ; the treating with another re- 
specting sale or purchase. 2. The transaction of business 
between nations ; as, negotiation of a treaty. 

* NE-Go'TIa-TOR, n. One who negotiates ; one who treats 

with others. — Swift. 

Ne'GRESS, n. A female of the black race of Africa. 

NE'GRO, n. [It., Sp. negro ; L. niger.] One of the black 
race of men in Africa ; or one descended from this race. 

Ne'GRO-LOID, a. [negro, and Gr. eidos.] Belonging to per- 
sons who are like negroes. 

Ne'GUS, n. A liquor made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, 
and lemon juice : so called, from its first maker, Colonel 
Negus. 

INeIF, n. [Icel. nefi.] 1. The neaf or fist. 2. A slave. 

NEIGH (na), v. i. [Sax. hncegan.] To utter the voice of a 
horse, expressive of want or desire ; to whinny. 

NEIGH (na), n. The voice of a horse ; a whinnying. 

NEIGHBOR (na'bur), n. [Sax. nehbur, nehgebur ; G. nach- 

• bar; D. nabuur ; Sw. nabo ; Dan. naboe.] 1. One who 
lives near another. 2. One who lives in familiarity with 
another ; a word of civility. 3. An intimate ; a confidant ; 
[obs.] 4. A fellow-being. — Acts, vii. 5. One of the human 
race ; any one who needs our help. — Luke, x. 6. A coun- 
try that is near. 

NEIGHBOR (na'bur), v. t. 1. To adjoin ; to confine on or 
be near to. 2. To acquaint with ; to make near to or 
make familial'. — Shah. ; [obs.\ 

NEIGHBOR, a. Near to another ; adjoining; next. — Jer., i. 

NEIGHBOR-HOOD (na'bur-), n. 1. A place near ; vicinity ; 
vicinage ; the adjoining district, or any place not distant 

2. State of being near each other. 3. The inhabitants who 
live in the vicinity of each other. 

NEIGH'BOR-ING, a. Living or being near.— Foley. 

NEIGH'BOR-LI-NESS, n. State or quality of being neigh- 
borly. 

NEIGH'BOR-LY (na/bur-le), a. 1. Becoming a neighbor. 2. 
Cultivating familiar intercourse ; interchanging frequ3nt 
visits. — Syn. Kind ; civil ; obliging ; friendly ; social. 

NEIGH'BOR-LY, adv. With social civility. 

t NEIGHBOR-SHIP, n. State of being neighbors. 

NEIGHING (na'ing), ppr. Whinnying. 

NEIGHING (na'ing), n. The voice of a horse ; a whinny 
ing. — Jer., viii. 

NETTHER (ne'flier or ni-fher. The former is given in 
most dictionaries, and still prevails in America. The lat- 
ter is now common in England), compound pronoun, pro- 
nominal adjective, or a substitute. [Sax. nather, nathor, nau- 
ther, or nouther.] In general, not either ; not the one nor 
the other. 1. It refers to individual things or persons ; as, 
which road shall I take ? Neither. 2. It refers to a sen- 
tence ; as, " ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it." 

3. Neither primarily refers to two ; not either of two. But, 
by usage, it is applicable to any number, referring to indi- 
viduals separately considered. 

NEM'A-LlNE, a. [Gr. vnua, a thread.] In mineralogy, hav- 
ing the form of threads ; fibrous. — Shepard. 

NEM'A-LlTE, n. [Gr. vrjixa and Atflo?.] A fibrous hydrate 
of magnesia. — Dana. 

NEM. CON. for nendne contradicente. [L.] No one contra 
dieting or opposing, that is, unanimously ; without oppo- 
sition. 

NEM. DISS, for nemine dissentiente. [L.] No one dis- 
senting. 

NE-Me'AN, a. Pertaining to Nemea, a village of Argolis, uj 
ancient Greece, where games were held triennially. 

NEM'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. ve/ios and XiQoS.] An arborized stone 

NEM'O-RAL, a. [L. nemoralis.] Pertaining to a wood or 
grove. — Diet. 

NEM'O-ROUS, a. [L. nemorosus.] Woody.— Evelyn. 

t NEMP'NE, v. t. [Sax. nemnan.] To call.— Chaucer. 

t NE'NI-A, n. [Gr.] A funeral song ; an elegy. 

NENU-PHAR, n. The great white water-lily of Europe. 

NE-ODA-MODE, n. [Gr. veoSaiiuSriS.] In ancient Greece, a 
person newly admitted to citizenship. — Mitford. 

NE-OG'A-MIST, n. [Gr. veoi, new, and yafjiew, to marry.] A 
person recently married. 

NE-O-LO&TG, \a. Pertaining to neology; employing 

NE-O-LOg'IG-AL, 5 new words. 

NE-O-LOG'IG-AL-LY, adv. In a neological manner. 

NE-OL'O-GISM, n. 1. The introduction of new words or 
new doctrines. 2. New terms or doctrines. 

NE-OL'O-GlST, n. 1. One who introduces new words.'— 



Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, L &c, short.— F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE r BOQK, 



NER 



671 



NET 



Med. Rppos. ; [disused.] 2. An innovator in theology ; 
one who introduces rationalistic news subversive of re- 
vealed truth : [this is now the prevailing sense.] 

NE-OL-O-gI-ZaTION. n. The act of neologizing.— Jef- 
ferson. 

NE-OL'O-giZE, v. i. To introduce or use new terms. 

NE-OL'O-gY, n. [Gr. veoi and Aoyoj.] 1. The introduction 
of a new word, or of new words : [disused.] 2. Ration- 
alistic views in theology subversive of revealed truth. 
The term is applied especially to the new philosophical 
theology of the Germans : [this is now the prevailing sense.] 

NE-O-Nd'ATI-AN, n. [Gr. veoi and vouoS-] One who advo- 
cates new laws, or desires God's law to be altered. 

Ne'O-PHyTE, n. [Gr. veos and (pvrov.] 1. A new convert 
or proselyte. 2. One admitted to the Christian Church 
by baptism. 3. A novice ; one newly admitted to the or- 
der of priest, or into a monastery. 4. A tyro ; a beginner 
in learning. 

NE-0-TER'f€, \a. [Gr. vcwrepiicos.] New; recent in 

NE-O-TER'IC-AL, 5 origin ; modern. 

NE-O-TER'IC, n. One of modern times.— Burton. 

NEP, re. A plant, catmint or catnip. 

NE-PEN'THE, re. [Gr. vn-evdns.] A drug or medicine that 
relieves pain, and exhilarates. — Milton. [Little used.] 

NE-PEN'TH£S. 7i. A genus of remarkable Asiatic plants, 
having a kind of cylindrical urn connected with the leaf, 
usually filled with sweet and limpid water, and closed 
with a sort of lid ; also called pitcher-plants. 

NEPH'E-LIN, In. [Gr. ve^eXn-] A mineral occurring at 

NEPHE-LlXE, j Vesuvius, in six-sided prisms, nearly 
transparent ; also found in translucent and nearly opaque 
masses, grayish, greenish, and reddish, of a greasy luster. 
This last variety is called elaoliie. — Dana. 

NEPH'EW (nef 'u), re, [Fr. neveu ; L. nepos.] 1. The son of 
a brother or sister. 2. A grandson ; also, a descendant ; 
[little used.] English authorities pronounce this nev'u. 

NE-PHRAL'GI-A, ) n. [Gr. vtcppos and aAyoj.] A disease or 

NE-PHRAL'G Y, 5 affection of the kidneys. 

NEPHRITE, re. [Gr. vvppiTnS.] The same mineral with 
jade, named from being formerly worn as a remedy for 
diseases of the kidneys. — Dana. 

NE-PHR1TIC, ? a. [Gr. ved>piTiKog.] 1. Pertaining to the 

NE-PHRITTC-AL, ] kidneys or organs of urine. 2. Affect- 
ed with a disease of the kidneys. 3. Relieving disorders 
of the kidneys in general — Nephritic stone, nephrite. — Ne- 
phritic wood, supposed to be the wood of the hyperanthera 
nwringa. a tropical tree. 

NE-PHRITTG, re. A medicine adapted to relieve or cure the 
diseases of the kidneys, particularly the gravel or stone in 
the bladder. 

NE-PHRl'TIS, n. In medicine, an inflammation of the kid- 
neys. 

NE-PHROTO-MY, re. [Gr. ve<ppoS and toplv.] In surgery, 
the operation of extracting a stone from the kidney, by 
cutting. 

NE PLUS UL'TRA. [L. no further.] To the utmost ex- 
tent. It is customary to omit the last word, and say Neplus. 

*NEP'0-TISM, re. [Fr. nepotisme.] 1. Fondness for neph- 
ews. 2. Undue attachment to relations ; favoritism, shown 
to nephews and other relatives. 

NEP'O-TIST, n. One who practices nepotism. 

NEP'TUNE, n. 1. The god of the ocean. 2. A large planet 
beyond Uranus, discovered Sept., 1S46, revolving round 
the sun in 163 years, at the distance of 2,800,000,000 miles. 

NEP-Tu'NI-AN, a. [from Neptune.] 1. Pertaining to the 
ocean or sea. 2. Formed by water or aqueous solution. 
— Neptunian theory, in geology, the theory of Werner, 
which refers the formation of all rocks and. strata to the 
agency of water. 
NEP-Tu'NI-AN, In. One who adopts the theory that the 

NEP'TU-NIST, j whole earth was once covered with 
water, or, rather, that the substances of the globe were 
formed from aqueous solution. 
NE QUID Nl'MIS. [L.] Not too much ; let all excess be 

avoided. 
tfE'RE-ID, re. [Gr. vvprnSeS.] In mythology, a sea-nymph ; 

one of the daughters of Nereus, a marine deity. 
NER'lTE, re. A mollusk of the genus nerita, having a uni- 

valvular_ shell, 
f NER'IT-lTE, re. A petrified shell of the genus nerita. 
NER'O-Ll, re. In perfumery, the essential oil of orange 

flowers. 
NERVE (nerv), re. [L. nervus ; Fr. nerf] 1. An organ of 
sensation and motion in animals. 2. Strength ; firmness 
of body. 3. Fortitude ; firmness of mind ; courage. 4. 
Strength ; force ; authority. — 5. In botany, a name" given 
to parallel vessels or fibres extending from the base to the 
apex of a leaf. Pope has used nerve for sinew or tendon. 
NERVE, v. t. To give strength or vigor ; to arm with force. 
NER VE'-SHXK-.£N, a. 1. Affected by a shaking.— Scott. 2. 
Shocked ; overcome or oppressed by some violent influ- 
ence, impression, or sensation. 
NERVJED, pp. 1. Armed with strength. — 2. a. In botany, 



having vessels simple and unbranched, extending troui 
the base to the tip. 

NERVE'LESS (nervles), a. Destitute of strength ; weak. 

NERVINE, a. [Low L. nervinus.] That has the quality or 
acting upon the nerves. 

NERVINE, re. A medicine that operates upon the nerves. 

NERVOUS, a. [L. nervosus.] 1. Strong ; vigorous, as an 
arm. 2. Pertaining to the nerves ; seated in or affecting 
the nerves, as weakness or disease. 3. Having the nerves 
affected ; hence, easily agitated ; [a colloquial use of tlu 
word.] 4. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind , char 
acterized by strength in sentiment or style, as a writer. 

^f RV'OSE ' I a . In botany. See Nerved, No. 2. 

NERVOUS-LY, adv. 1. With strength or vigor.— Warton. 
2. With weakness or agitation of the nerves ; [colloquial.] 

NERVOUS-NESS, re. 1. Strength; force, vigor. — Warton. 
2. The state of being composed of nerves. — Goldsmith. 3. 
Weakness or agitation of the nerves ; [colloquial.] 

NER'VURE, n. [Fr.] A name given, in botany, to the veins 
of leaves, and, in entomology, to the corneous divisions in 
the wings of insects. — Brande. 

NERVY', a. Strong : vigorous. — Shak. 

NES'CIENCE (nesh'ens)7re. [L. ncsciens.] Want of knowl- 
edge ; ignorance. — Bp. Hall. 

tNESH, a. [Sax. n esc] Soft; tender; nice. — Chaucer. 

NESS, a termination of names, signifies a promontory, from 
the root of nose, which see. 

NESS, a termination of appellatives, [Sax. nesse, nysse,] de- 
notes state or quality, as in goodness, greatness. 

NEST, re. [Sax., Ger.. D. nest.] 1. The place or bed formed 
or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her 
young until they are able to fly. 2. Any place where ir- 
rational animals are produced. 3. An abode ; a place of 
residence ; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection it- 
self; [usually in an ill sense ; as, a nest of thieves.] 4. A 
warm, close place of abode; [generally, in contempt.] 5. 
A number of boxes, cases, or the like, inserted in each 
other. — 6. In geology, an aggregate mass of any ore or 
mineral in an isolated state within a rock. — Dana. 

NEST, v. i. To build and occupy a nest. — Howell. 

NEST-EGG, re. An egg left in the nest, to prevent the hen 
from forsaking it. — Hudibras. 

NES'TLE (nesl), v. i. 1. To settle ; to harbor ; to lie close 
and snug, as a bird in her nest. — L' Estrange. 2. To move 
about in one's seat, like a bird when forming her nest. 

NES'TLE (nesl), v. t. 1. To house, as in a nest.— Donne 

2. To cherish, as a bird her young. — Chapman. 
NESTL.ED, pp. Housed, as in a nest; snugged closely. 
NESTLING (nesling), ppr. Lying close andTsnug. 
NESTLING, re. 1. A young bird in the nest, or just taken 

from the nest. 2. A nest. — Bacon ; [obs.] 

NEST'LING, a. Newly hatched ; being yet in the nest. 

NES-To'RI-AN, re. 1. An adherent of Nestorius, patriarch 
of Constantinople, in the fifth century, who was deposed 
and condemned as a heretic for maintaining that the two 
natures in Christ were not so blended and confounded as 
to be undistinguishable. 2. The term is also applied to 
those modern Christians of Persia and India who are the 
remains of the Nestorian sect. 

NET, n. [Sax. net, nyt ; D., Dan. net.] 1. An instrument for 
catching fish and birds, or wild beasts, formed with twine 
or thread interwoven with meshes. 2. A cunning device ; 
a snare. 3. Inextricable difficulty. — Job, xviii. 4. Severe 
afflictions. — Job, xix. 

NET, v. t. To make into a net or net-work. — Seward. 

NET, a. [Fr. net ; It. netto.] 1. Neat ; pure ; unadulterated, 
as wines. — Brande. 2. Being without flaw or spot; [rare.] 

3. Being beyond all charges or outlay, as gain. 4. Being 
clear of all tare and tret, or all deductions ; neat ; as, net 
weight. It is sometimes written nett, but improperly. 

NET, v. t. To produce clear profit. 
; NET'-WoRK (-wurk), n. A complication of threads, tvrine, 

or cords united at certain distances, forming meshes, in- 
I terstices, or open spaces between the knots or intereec- 
1 tions ; retifculated or decussated work. 
1 NETHER, a. [Sax. neother ; Ger. nieder ; D., Dan. neder.] 

1. Lower ; lying or being beneath or in the lower part ; 
\ opposed to upper. 2. In a lower place. 3. Belonging to 

the regions below. 
I NETH'ER-MoST, a. Lowest ; as, the netliermost hell. 
| NETH1N-IM, re. pi. Among the Jews, the servants of the 
! priests and Levites employed about the Temple ; errone 

ously written Nethinims. 
NETTED, pp. or a. Made into a net or net-work ; reticu 
! lated. 

I nex'TING, n. 1. A piece of net-work. 2. Net-work of 
, rope or small lines, used for stowing away sails or ham- 
I mocks. — R. H. Dana. Jr. 

' NETTLE (nefl), re. [Saxon netl, nettle.] A plant whose 
I prickles fret the skin and occasion very painful sensa 
I tions. 
I NETTLE, v. t. To fret or sting ; to irritate or vex ; to ex 



D6VE ;— BULL, tJNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete* 



NEU 



672 



NEW 



cite sensations of displeasure or uneasiness, not amount- 
ing to wrath or violent anger. 

KETTLE-RASH, n. An eruption upon the skin, much re- 
sembling the sting of a nettle. — Brande. 

NETTLE-TREE, n. A tree nearly allied to the elm. 

NETTLED, pp. Fretted; irritated. 

NETTLER, n. One who provokes, stings, or irritates. 

NETTLING, ppr. Irritating ; vexing. 

NEU-RAL'GlA, 1 n. [Gr. vevpov and aXyoS.] An idiopathic 

NEU-RAL'GY, 5 pain of a nerve of common sensation, 
i. e., a pain not preceded or occasioned by any other dis- 
ease. — Tully. 

N EU-RAL'gI€, a. Pertaining to neuralgia. 

NEU-RO-LOg'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to neurology, or to a de- 
sci'iption of the nerves of animals. 

NEU-ROL'O-GlST, n. One who describes the nerves of 
animals. 

NEU-ROL'O-GY, to. [Gr. vtvpov and Xoyoi.] A description 
of the nerves of animal bodies, or the doctrine of the 
nerves. 

NEU-ROP'TER. n., \ [Gr. vtvpov and -nrepov.] An order 

NEU-ROPTER-A, n. pi. J of insects having four transpar- 
ent membranous wings, furnished with many nerves, 
which form a minute net-work. 

NEU-ROP'TER-AL, \a. Belonging to the order of the 

NEU-ROP'TER-OUS, 5 neuroptera. 

NEtJ'RO-SPAST, n. [Gr. vevpotmaoreu).] A puppet. 

NEU-ROTIG, a. [Gr. vevpov.] 1. Relating to the nerves ; 
seated in the nerves ; as, a neurotic disease. 2. Useful in 
disorders of the nerves. 

NEU-ROTI€, n. 1. A disease having its seat in the nerves. 
2. A medicine useful in disorders of the nerves.— Encyc. 

NEU-RO-TOM'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to the anatomy or dis- 
section of nerves. 

NEU-ROTO-MIST, n. One who dissects the nerves. 

NEU-ROTO-MY, n. [Gr. vevpov and tout,.] 1. The dissec- 
tion of a nerve. 2. The art or practice of dissecting the 
nerves. 

NEUTER (nu'ter), a. [L.] 1. Not adhering to either party ; 
taking no part with either side. It may be synonymous 
with indifferent, or it may not. The United States re- 
mained neuter during the French Revolution, but very few 
of the people were indifferent as to the success of the par- 
ties engaged. A man may be neuter from feeling, and he 
is then indifferent ; but he may be neuter in fact, when he 
is not in feeling or principle. — 2. In grammar, of neither 
gender ; an epithet given to nouns that are neither mas- 
culine nor feminine. — 3. In botany, having neither stamens 
nor pistils. 

NEO'TER, n. 1. A person who takes no part in a contest 
between two or more individuals or nations. 2. An ani- 
mal of neither sex, or incapable of propagation. The 
working-bees have been considered neuters, but are really 
undeveloped females. Huber. — 3. In botany, a plant hav- 
ing neither stamens nor pistils. — Neuter verb, in grammar 
(better intransitive), a verb which expresses an action or 
state limited to the subject, and which is not followed by 
an object; as, I go. 

tfEO'TRAL, a. [Fr.neutre; L. neutralist 1. Not engaged 
on either side ; not taking an active part with either of 
contending parties. 2. Indifferent ; having no bias in fa- 
vor of either side or party. 3. Indifferent ; neither very 
good nor bad. — 4. In botany, a proposed English substitute 
tor neuter. Having neither stamens nor pistils. — Neutral 
salt, in chemistry, a combination of an acid and a base, 
which is itself neither acid nor alkaline, the acid being 
exactly neutralized by the base. — Brande. 

NEUTRAL, n. A person or nation that takes no part in a 
contest between others. — R. G. Harper. 

NEO'TRAL-IST, n. A neutral. [Little used.] 

NEU-TRAL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being unengaged in dis- 
putes or contests between others ; the state of taking no 
part on either side. 2. A state of indifference in feeling 
or principle. 3. Indifference in quality ; a state neither 
very good nor evil; [little used.] 4. A combination of 
neutral powers or states. 

NEU-TRAL-1-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of neutralizing. 2. 
The act of reducing to a state of indifference or neutrality. 

NEO'TRAL-lZE, v. t. 1. To render neutral ; to reduce to a 
state of indifference between different parties or opinions. 
— 2. In chemistry, to destroy, or render inert or imper- 
ceptible the peculiar properties of a body by combining it 
with a different substance. 3. To destroy the peculiar 
properties or opposite dispositions of parties or other things, 
or reducethem to a state of indifference or inactivity. 

NEuTRAL-iZE D, pp. or a. Reduced to neutrality or indif- 
ference. 

NEu'TRAL-lZ-ER, n. That which neutralizes. 

NEu'TRAL-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Destroying or rendering in- 
ert the peculiar properties of a substance ; reducing to 
indifference or inactivity ; making neutral. 
NEu'TRAL-LY, adv. Without taking part with either side ; 
indifferently. 



" .?«• Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT 



NEu'TRAL-TINT, n. The tint or purple hue which distant 
hills assume. 

NEU-VaINES', n. pi. [Fr. neuf.] In the Roman Catholit 
Church, prayers offered up for nine successive days.— 
Brande. 

NEVER, adv. [Sax. nczfre,] 1. Not ever ; not at any time , 
at no time. 2. It has a particular use in the following 
sentence, " Which will not hearken to the voice of charm 
ers, charming never so wisely," i. e., so wisely as neva 
was done before. — Ps. lviii. 3. In no degree ; not. 4. It 
is used for not; as, to answer one never a word; [rare.j 
5. It is much used in composition; as in never -ending, 
newer-failing. 

NEV'ER-CeAS-ING, a. Having no cessation or pause. 

NEV'ER-Sa-TED. a. Never satisfied.— Kirby. 

NEV'ER-TlR-ING, a. Never-enduring weariness. 

NEV-ER-THE-LESS', adv. [never, the, and less.] Not the 
less ; that is, in opposition to any thing, or without regard- 
ing it. — Syn. Notwithstanding ; yet ; however. 

NEW (nu), a. [Sax. neow ; D. nieuw ; Ger. neu.] 1. Lately 
made, invented, produced, or come into being ; that has 
existed a short time only; recent in origin ; "novel ; op- 
posed to old. 2. Lately introduced to our knowledge ; 
not before known ; recently discovered. 3. Modern ; not 
ancient. 4. Recently produced by change. 5. Not habit- 
uated ; not familiar ; unaccustomed. 6. Renovated ; re- 
paired so as to recover the first state. 7. Fresh after any 
event. 8. Not of ancient extraction or a family of ancient 
distinction ; as, a new man. — Addison. 9. Not before used ; 
strange ; unknown. 10. Recently commenced ; as, the 
new year. 11. Having passed the change or conjunction 
with the sun ; [applied to the moon.] 12. Not cleared and 
cultivated, or lately cleared ; as, neio land ; [America.] 
13. That has lately appeared for the first time. — New is 
much used in composition, to qualify other words ; as, in 
new-horn, new-made. 

t NEW (nu), v. t. To make new. — Gower. 

NEW-BORN, a. Recently born.— 1 Pet., ii. 

NEW-€OIN.ED, a. Fresh from the mint ; newly formed 

NEW'-€6M'ER, n. One who has lately come.— Irving 

NEW-FAB'RI-€a-TED, a. Newly made.— Burke. 

NEW-FAN'CI-ED (nii-fan'sid), a. Newly fancied. 

t NEW-FAN"GLE (nu-fang'gl), v. t. To change by introduc 
ing novelties. — Milton. 

NEW-FAN"GL£D (nu-fang'gld), a. [new and /angle.] New 
made ; formed with the affectation of novelty. 

NEW-FAN"GLJED-NESS, \n. Vain or aflected fashion or 

NEW-FAN"GL.E-NESS, * form.— Sidney. 

NEW-FASH'ION£D (nu-fash'und), a. Made in a new 
form, or lately come into fashion. 

NEW-FOUND', a. Newly discovered. 

NEW-IN-VENTED, a. Newly invented. 

NE W'-MaDE, a. Newly made or formed. — Moore 

NEW-MOD'EL, v. t. To give a new form to. 

NEW-MOD'EL.ED, pp. or a. Formed after a new model. 

NEW-MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Giving a new form to. 

NEW-RED-SAND'SToNE, n. In geology, the formation 
immediately above the coal measures or strata. — Brande. 

NEW-STyLE. See Style. 

NEW-TESTA-MENT, n. That portion of the Bible which 
comprises the writings of the apostles and their imme- 
diate disciples. 

NEW'-YeAR'S DaY, n. The day on which the new year 
commences. 

NEW'-YeAR'S GIFT, n. A present made on the first day 
of the year. 

NEW YORK'ER, n. A native or inhabitant of New York. 

NEW ZEALAND FLAX, n. A plant, the phormium tenax, 
having broad, stiff leaves, of extraordinary strength, whose 
fibres make excellent cordage. — Loudon. 

NEWEL (nu'el), n. 1. In architecture, the upright post 
about which are formed winding stairs, or a cylinder 
formed by the end of the steps of the winding stairs. 
2. Novelty. — Spenser; [obs.] 

NEWTNG, n. Yeast or barm. — Ainsworth. 

NEWISH, a. Somewhat new ; nearly new. — Bacon. 

NEWLY (nule), adv. 1. Lately; freshly; recently. 2. With 
a new form, different from the former. 3. In a manner 
not existing before. 

NEWNESS (nu'nes), n. 1. Lateness of origin; recent- 
ness ; state of being lately invented or produced. 2. Nov- 
elty ; the state of being first known or introduced. 3. In- 
novation ; recent change. — Shak. 4. Want of practice or 
familiarity. 5. Different state or qualities introduced by 
change or regeneration. 

NEWS, n. [from new ; Fr. nouvelles. This word has a plu- 
ral form, but is almost always united with a verb in the 
singular.] 1. Recent account ; fresh information of some- 
thing that has lately taken place at a distance, or of some- 
thing before unknown. 2. A newspaper.— Syn. Tidings; 
intelligence; advice. 

NEWS'-BOY, n. A boy who carries and delivers news- 
papers. 

~"PRE~Y ;— MARiNE. BIRD :— MOVE, BOOK. 



NIC 



673 



NIG 



VEWS'-MON"GER (nuz'-mung-ger), n. One who deals in 
news ; one who employs much time in hearing and tell- 
ing news. 

NEWS'- VEND-ER, n. A seller of newspapers. 

NEWS'PI-PER, n. A sheet of paper printed and distrib- 
uted at short intervals, for conveying intelligence of pass- 
ing events ; a public print that circulates news, &c. 

NEWT (nute), n. A small lizard ; an eft.— Eracyc. 

NEW-To'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or 
formed or discovered by him. 

NEW-To'NI-AN, n. A follower of Newton in philosophy. 

NEX'I-BLE, a. [L. nexibilis.] That may be knit together. 

NEXT, a. ; superl. of nigh. [Sax. next, or nexsta, from neh, 
neah, nigh.] 1. Nearest in place ; that has no object in- 
tervening between it and some other ; immediately pre- 
ceding, or preceding in order. 2. Nearest in time. 3. 
Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right, or relation. 

NEXT, adv. At the time or turn nearest or immediately 
succeeding. 

Nl'AS, for an eyas, a young hawk. — Ben Jonson. 

NIB, n. [Sax. neb, nebb.] 1. The bill or beak of a bird. 
2. The point of any thing, particularly of a pen. See 
Neb. 

NIBBED (nibd), a. Having a nib or point. 

NIB'BLE, v. t. 1. To bite by little at a time ; to eat slowly 
or in small bits. 2. To bite, as a fish does the bait; to 
carp at ; just to catch by biting. 

NIB'BLE, v. i. 1. To bite at ; as, fishes nibble at the bait 
2. To carp at ; to find fault ; to censure little faults. 

NIB'BLE, n. A little bite, or seizing to bite. 

NIB'BLER, n. One who bites a little at a time ; a carper. 

NIB'BLING, ppr. or a. Biting in small bits ; carping. 

NIB'BLING-LY, adv. In a nibbling manner. 

NIC-A-RA'GUA-WOOD, n. The wood of the ccesalpina 
echinaia, a tree growing in Nicaragua, in Central America. 
Jt is used to dye a bright red.^Brande. 

NICE, a. [Sax nesc, or hnesc] 1. Properly, soft ; whence, 
tender ; sweet or very pleasant to the taste, as victuals. 
2. Minutely elegant; characterized by delicacy or fine- 
ness, as the texture of muslin. 3. Marked with precision 
or accuracy, as rules or operations. 4. Requiring scru- 
pulous exactness; as, a nice point. 5. Perceiving the 
smallest difference ; distinguishing accurately and minute- 
ly by perception. 6. Perceiving accurately the smallest 
faults, errors, or irregularities ; distinguishing and judging 
with exactness. 7. Manifesting excessive scrupulousness 
or exactness. 8. Scrupulously and minutely cautious. 
9. Having excess of delicacy or squeamishness. 30. Easily 
injured or impaired, as reputation. 11. Refined. 12. Hav- 
ing lucky hits ; [obs.] 13. Weak ; foolish ; effeminate ; 
[obs.] 14. Trivial; unimportant. — To make nice, to be 
scrupulous. Shak. — Syn. Dainty ; delicate ; exquisite ; 
fine ; accurate ; exact ; correct ; precise ; particular ; 
scrupulous ; punctilious ; fastidious ; squeamish ; finical ; 
effeminate; silly; weak; foolish. 

SICE'LY, adv. 1. With delicate perception. 2. Accurately ; 
exactly ; with exact order or proportion. — 3. In colloquial 
language, well ; cleverly ; dexterously ; handsomely ; in 
the best manner. 

NI'CENE, a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor. — 
The Nicene Creed is so called because it was adopted at 
the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This was the first and most 
important general council of the Christian Church. It 
was called particularly to consider the doctrines of Arius, 
which it formally condemned. — Brande. 

NICE'NESS, n. 1. Delicacy of perception ; the quality of 
perceiving small differences. 2. Extreme delicacy; ex- 
cess of scrupulousness or exactness. 3. Accuracy ; mi- 
_nute exactness ; precision ; nicety. 
Nl'CE-TY, n. 1. Niceness ; delicacy of perception. 2. Ex- 
cess of delicacy ; fastidiousness ; squeamishness. 3. Mi- 
nute difference. 4. Minuteness of observation or discrim- 
ination ; precision ; accuracy. 5. Delicate management ; 
exactness in treatment. — 6. Niceties, in the plural, delica- 
cies for food ; dainties. 
Nf'GHAR, n. A plant.— Miller. 

NICHE, n. [Fr. niche ; Sp., Port, nicho.] A cavity, hollow, 
or recess within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, 
or other erect ornament. — Pope. 
NICHED (nicht), a. Put in a niche ; having a niche. 
NICK, n. In the northern mythology, an evil spirit of the 
waters ; hence the modern vulgar phrase, Old Nick, the 
evi; one. 
NICK, n. [Sw. nick; Dan. nik.] 1. The exact point of time 
required by necessity or convenience ; the critical time. 
2. [Ger. knick, a Saw.] A notch cut into something ; and 
hence, a score for keeping an account ; a reckoning. 3. A 
winning throw. 
NICK, v. t. 1. To hit ; to touch luckily ; to perform by a 
slight arti fi _ce used at the lucky time. 2. To cut in nicks 
or notches. [See Notch.] 3. To suit, as lattices cut in 
nicks ; [obs.] 4. To defeat or cozen, as at dice ; to disap- 
point by some trick or unexpected turn ; [obs.] 



NICK, v. t. [Ger. knicken.] To notch or make an incision 
in a horse's tail, to make him carry it higher. 

NICK'-NACKS, n. pi. Small wares ; bawbles ; trifles. 

NICK'AR-TREE, \ n. A tree of the genus guilandina, grow. 

NICK'ER-TREE, j ing in the East and West Indies, and 
producing a small, hard nut ; also called bonduc. 

NICKED (mkt),pp. 1. Hit ; touched luckily. 2. Notched, 
made an incision in, as in a horse's tail. 

NICK'EL, n. A metal of a white or reddish-white color, 
hard, malleable, ductile, and susceptible of magnetism. 

NICK'EL-IC, a. Pertaining to or containing nickel. 

NICK'ER, n. One who watches for opportunities to pilfe' 
or practice knavery. — Arbuihnot. [A cant word.] 

NICK'ING, ppr. 1. Hitting ; touching luckily ; cutting in 
notches ; making an incision in a horse's tail, to make 
him carry it higher. 

NICK'ING, n. In farriery, the operation performed on the 
tail of a horse, to make him carry it better. — Farm. Encyc 

NICK'NaME, n, [In Fr. nique is a term of contempt.] A 
name given in contempt, derision, or reproach ; an oppro- 
brious_appellation. 

NICK'NaME, v. t. To give a name of reproach ; to call by 
an opprobrious appellation. — Shak. 

NICK'NaME D, pp. Named in derision. 

NICK'NaM-ING, ppr. Calling by a name, in contempt ox 
derision. 

NIC-O-LX'I-TAN, n. A term applied to certain corrupt per 
sons in the early Church at Ephesus, who are censured 
in Rev. ii., but of whom little can be known with certain- 
ty. — Murdock. 

NI-Co'TIAN, a. Pertaining to or denoting tobacco ; and, as 
a noun, tobacco ; so called from Nicot, who first intro 
duced it into France, A.D. 1560. 

NIC-O-TIANT-NA, In. A concrete or solid oil obtained 

NI-C5TIA-NINE, 5 from tobacco, and one of its active 
principles. It smells like tobacco smoke, and is emi- 
nently poisonous. 

NIC'O-TIN, n. An alkaloid of a very acrid taste, obtained 
from tobacco, and one of its active principles. It is emi- 
nently poisonous. 

NIC'TaTE, v. i. [L. nicto.] To wink.— Ray. 

NICTa-TING, \ ppr. or a. Winking. — Nictitating mem 

NIC'TI-Ta-TING, 5 brane, a thin, pellucid membrane, by 
which the process of winking is performed in certain an- 
imals. 

NI€-TI-Ta'TION s n ' The act °^ winkin &- 

t NlDE, n. [L. nidus.] A brood. 

t NIDG'ET, n. A dastard.— Camden. 

NID'I-FI-CITE, v. i. [L. nidifico.] To make a nest. 

NID-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of building a nest, and the 
hatching and feeding of young in the nest. 

t Nl'DING, n. [Sax. nithing ; Dan., Sw. niding.] A despi- 
cable coward ; a dastard. 

Nl'DOR, n. [L.] Scent ; savor.— Bp. Taylor. 

Nl-DOR-OS'I-TY, n. Eructation with the taste of undigest- 
ed roast meat.— Floyer. 

NI'DOR-OUS, a. Resembling the smell or taste of roasted 
meat. — Bacon. 

NID'H-LANT, a. [L. nidulor.] In botany, nestling ; lying 
loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry or pericarp. 

NID-U-LI'TION, n. The time of remaining in the nest, as 
_of a bird. — Brown. 

Nl'DUS, n. [L.] A nest ; a repository for the eggs of birds, 
insects, &c. 

NIeCE (nese), n. [Fr. niece.] The daughter of a brother or 
sister. 

NI-EL'LO, n. A species of ornamental engraving, used by 
the Romans and the Italians, resembling damask-work, 
made by enchasing a black composition, said to have been 
composed of silver and lead, into cavities in wood and 
metals. — Elmes. — P. Cyc. 

t NIF'LE, n. [Norm.] A trifle.— Chaucer. 

NIGGARD, n. [W. nig; Ger. knicker.] A miser ; a person 
meanly close and covetous. 

NIG'GARD, a. 1. Miserly ; meanly covetous ; sordidly pai • 
simonious. — Dry den. 2. Sparing; wary. — Shak. 

NIG'GARD, v 1 1. To stint ; to supply sparingly. [Rare.] 

t NIG'GARD-ISE, n. Niggardliness.— Spenser. 

NIG'GARD-ISH, a. Somewhat covetous or niggardly. 

NIG'GARD-LI-NESS, n. Mean covetousness ; sordid parsi 
mony. — Addison. 

NIG'GAB-D-LY, a. 1. Meanly avaricious; extremely spar- 
ing of expense. 2. Wary ; cautiously avoiding profusion. 
Sidney. — Stn. Covetous ; parsimonious ; sparing ; miser 
ly ; penurious ; sordid. 

NIG'GARD-LY, adv. Sparingly ; with cautious parsimony. 

t NIG'GARD-NESS, n. Niggardliness.— Sidney. 

t NIG'GARD-Y, n Niggardliness. 

t NIGGLE, v. t. and i. To mock ; to trifle with.— Beaumont 
and Fletcher. 

NIG'GLED, pp. Trifled with. 

NIG'GLER, n. One who niggles at any handiwork.— Smart. 



06VE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS;— € as 
Uu 



K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



NIG 



674 



NIN 



NIG'GLING, ppr. Mocking. 

NTGH (ni), a. [Sax. neah, neahg, neh, for nig ; Ger. nahe.] 

1. Near ; not distant or remote in place or time- — Prior. 

2. Closely allied by blood. 3. Easy to be obtained or 
learned ; of easy access. 4. Ready to support, to forgive. 
or to aid and defend. 5. Close in fellowship ; intimate in 
relation. 6. Near in progress or condition. Heb., vi. — 
Syn. Close ; adjacent ; contiguous ; proximate ; present. 

NIGH (ni), adv. 1. Near ; at a small distance in place or 
time, or in the course of events. 2. Near to a place. 3. 
Almost; near. 

f NlGH (ni), v. i. To approach : to advance or draw near. 

f NlGH'LY (nile), adv. Nearly ; within a little. 

NlGH'NESS (ni'nes), n. Nearness; proximity in place 
time, or degree. 

NIGHT (nite), n. [Sax. niht; Goth, nahts; D. nagt; Ger. 
nacht.] 1. That part of the natural day when the sun is 
beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise. 
2. The time after the close of life ; death. — John, ix. 3. A 
state of ignorance ; intellectual and moral darkness ; heath- 
enish ignorance. — Rom., xiii. 4. Adversity ; a state of af- 
fliction and distress. — Is., xxi. 5. Obscurity; a state of 
concealment from the eye or the mind ; unintelligible- 
ness. — To-night, in this night. 

NIGHT-AN"GLING (nite'-ang'gling), n. The angling for or 
patching fish in the night. — Encyc. 

NiGHT'-BIRD, n. A bird that flies only in the night— Hall. 

NIGHT-BLOOM-ING, a. Blooming in the night. 

NlGHT'-BORN, a. Produced in darkness. 

NIGHT-BRA WL-ER, n. One who excites brawls or makes 
a tumult at night. 

NlGHT'-CAP, n. A cap worn in bed or in undress. 

NlGHT'-€R5W, n. A fowl that cries in the night— Shak. 

NlGHT'-DEW (-du), n. The dew formed in the night. 

NlGHT'-DOG, n. A dog that hunts in the night ; used by 
deer-stealers.— Shak. 

NIGHT-DRESS, n. A dress worn at night— Pope. 

NIGHT'-FaR-ING, a. Traveling in the night. 

NlGHT'-FlRE, n. 1. Ignis fatuus ; Will-with-a-wisp ; Jack- 
_with-a-lantern. 2. Fire burning in the night. — Irving. 

NlGHT-FLY, n. An insect that flies in the night.— SJiak. 

NlGHT-FLY-ER, n . An animal or insect that flies in the 
night 

NIGHT-FOUND-ER.ED, a. Lost or distressed in the night. 
—Milton. 

NIGHT-GOWN, n. A loose gown used for undress. 

NlGHT-HAG (nite'-hag), n. A witch supposed to wander 
in the night. — Milton. 

KlGHT'-HAWK, n. A well-known bird of the United 
States, caprimulgus Americanus, allied to the night-jar. It 
hunts its prey toward evening, and often, diving down 
perpendicularly, produces a hollow, jarring sound, like 
that of a spinning-wheel. 

NIGHT-HER-ON, n. A wading bird allied to the herons 
and bitterns. It seeks its food in the evening, when it 
jitters a disagreeable croaking noise. 

NiGHT-JaR n. A British bird, the caprimulgus Europaus, 
also called goat-sucker, distinguished by the wide gape of 
its beak. It hunts its prey in the dusk, and is remarkable 
for the loud sound it emits, like the jarring of a spinning- 
wheel. It is allied to the night-hawk. 

NlGHT -M AN, n. One who empties privies in cities by night. 

NlGHT-PlECE (nite'-pese), n. A piece of painting so col- 
ored as to be supposed seen by candle-light. 

t NiGHT'-RaIL, n. [night, and Sax. regl.] A loose robe or 
garment worn over the dress at night 

NiGHT-Ra-VJEN, n. A bird of ill omen that cries in the 
night ; the nightheron.- Spenser.— Edin. Encyc. 

NIGHT-REST, n. Rest or repose at night.— Shak. 

NIGHT-ROB-BER, n. One who robs in the night 

NlGHT-RuLE, n. A tumult or frolic in the night.— Shak. 

NiGHT-SHaDE, n. [Sax. nihtscada.] A name common to 
several berry-bearing herbs, mostly poisonous. 

NIGHT -SHIN-ING, a. Shining in the night ; luminous in 
darkness.— Wilkins. 

NIGHT-SHRIeK, n. A shriek or outcry in the night. 

NlGHT-SOIL, n. The contents of necessaries ; so called 
because collected in cities and carried away as a manure 
by night. 

NlGHT-SPELL, n. A charm against accidents at night 

NiGHT-TRIP-PING, a. Tripping about in the night 

NlGHT'-VIS-ION (-vizh-un), n. A vision at night 

MGHT-WIK-ING, a. Watching in the night. 

NlGHT-WALK (nite'-wawk), n. A walk in the evening or 
night. — Walton. 

NIGHT'-WALK-ER, n. 1. One who walks in his sleep ; a 
somnambulist. 2. One who rove3 about in the night for 
evil purposes. ' 

NIGHT-WALK-ING, a. Roving in the night 
NIGHT-WALK-ING, n. 1. Walking in one's sleep ; som- 
nambulism. 2. A roving in the streets at night with evil 
designs. 
*HGHT'-WAN-DER-ER n. One roving at night. 



NIGHT-WAN-DER-ING, a. Wandering it ihe night 
NlGHT'-WAR-BLING, a. Warbling or singing in the nisht 
NIGHT-WATCH (nite'-wotch), n. I. A period in the night, 

as distinguished 'by the change of the watch. 2. A watch 

or guard in the night. 
NiGHT'-WATCH-ER, n. One who watches in the nighf 

_with evil designs. 
NlGHT'-WITCH, n. A night-hag ; a witch who appears in 

_the night. 
NlGHTED, a. Darkened; clouded; black.— Shak. {Rare.} 
NIGHTFALL, «. The close of the day ; evening. 
NlGHTTN-GALE, n. [Sax. nihtegale.] 1. A small bird that 

sings at night, of the genus philomela (motacilla, Linn.): 

Philomela, or Philomel. It is celebrated for its vocal pow 

ers. 2. A word of endearment.— Shak. 
NlGHT'ISH, a. Pertaining to night, or attached to the night 
NIGHTLESS, a. Having no night. 
NIGHTLY (nitele), a. 1. Done by night ; happening in the 

night, or appearing in the night ; nocturnal. 2. Done ev 

^ry night. 
NIGHTLY, adv. 1. By night 2. Every night 
NiGHTMaRE, n. [night, and Sax. mara.] Incubus ; a sen 

sation in sleep resembling the pressure of a weight on the 

breast. 
NlGHTWARD, a. Approaching toward night. 
Nl-GRES'CENT, a. [L. nigresco ] Growing black , chang 

jng to a black color ; approaching to blackness. 
Nl'GRlNE, n. An ore of titanium, found in black grains oi 

rolled pieces. — Ure. 
Nl'HIL AL'BUM. n. [L. white nothing.] In chemistry, a 

name formerly given to the flowers or white oxyd of zinc, 

a woolly-looking white substance formed by the combus- 
tion of zinc, and so minutely divided as to float in the air 
Nl'HIL DE'BET. [L. he owes nothing.] A plea denying a 

debt 
Nl'HIL Dl'CIT. [L. he says nothing.] In law, a judgment 

by nihil dicit, is when the defendant makes no answer. 
Nl'HIL-ISM, n. Nothingness ; nihility.— Dwight. 
Nl-HIL'I-TY, n. [L. nihilum.] Nothingness ; a state of being 

nothing. — Watts. 
NIL DES-PE-RAN'DUM. [L.] Let* there be no despair. 

The phrase was, originally, nil desperandum da rcpublica, let 

there be no despair respecting the commonwealth or state, 
t NILL, v. t. [Sax. nillan.] Not to will ; to refuse ; to reject 
NILL, v. i. To be unwilling. — Shak. 
NILL, n. The shining sparks of brass in trying and melting 

the ore. — Johnson. 
Nl-LOM'E-TER, n. [N«Aos, Nile, and Gr. ucrpov.] An in- 
strument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile dur- 

jng the flood. 
Nl-LOTIC, a. Relating to the Nile. 
t NIM, v. t. [Sax. neman, niman.] To take ; to steal ; to filch. 

— Hudibras. 
NLVTBLE, a. Moving with ease and celerity. — Syn. Agile ; 

quick ; lively ; swift ; light ; brisk ; expeditious ; speedy , 

alert; active; prompt; expert. 
NIM'BLE-FOOT-ED, a. Running with speed ; light of foot 
NIM'BLE-Wlt-TED, a. Quick ; ready to speak. 
NIM'BLE-NESS, n. Lightness and agility in motion ; quick. 

ness ; celerity ; speed ; swiftness, 
t NIMT3LESS, n. Nimbleness.— Spenser. 
NIM'BLY, adv. With agility ; with light, quick motion. 
NIM'BUS, n. [L.l 1. A circle or disk of rays of light around 

the heads of divinities, saints, and sovereigns on medals, 

pictures, &c. — Brande. 2. A name given to the rain-cloud, 
t NI-Ml'E-TY, n. [L. nimietas.] The state of being too much. 
t NIM'MER, n. [Sax. niman.] A thief. — Hudibras. 
NIN'COM-POOP, n. [a corruption of L. non compos.] A 

fool ; a blockhead ; a trifling dotard. [A low word.] 
NlNE, a. [Goth, niun; G. neun.] Denoting the numbei 

_composed of eight and one. 
NlNE, n. The number composed of eight and one. — The. 

nine, among the English poets, the nine Muses. 
NINE'-FoLD, a. Nine times repeated. — Milton. 
NlNE'-HoLES, n. A game in which holes are made in tho 

ground, into which a pellet is to be bowled. — Drayton 
NINE'-MEN'S-MOR'RIS, n. See Morris. 
NlNE'-PENCE, n. A silver coin of the value of nine-pence. 
NlNE'-PINS, n. A play originally with nine pins or pieces 

of wood set on end, at which a bowl is rolled for throwing 

_them down. Ten pins are sometimes used. 
NlNE'-SCoRE, a. Noting nine times twenty. 
NlNE'-SCoRE, n. The number of nine times twenty. 
NlNE'TEEN, a. [Sax. nigantyne.] Noting the number ot 

nine and ten united. 
NINETEENTH, a. [Sax. nigantothe.] The ordinal of nine- 
teen ; designating nineteen. 
NINE'TI-ETH, a. The ordinal of ninety. 
NlNE'TY, a. Nine times ten ; as, ninety years. 
NIN'NY, n. [Sp. nino.] A fool ; a simpleton. 
NIN'NY-HAM-MER, n. A simpleton.— Arbuthnot. 
NINTH, a. [Sax. nigetlia.] The ordinal of nine ; designating 

the number nine, the next preceding ten. 



• Ste Synopsis. X, K\ I. &c, long.— I, £, l t &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiNE, MRD ;— MO VE, BQQJK 



NIT 



675 



NOC 



NINTH, «. 1. A ninth part.— 2. In music, an interval con- 
taining an octave with a tone or semitone additional. 

NINTHLY, adv. In the next place. 

NI-o'BI-UM, n. [from Niobe.] A metal recently discovered 
in columbite. 

NIP, v. t. [D. knippen ; Sw. knipa.] 1. To cut, bite, or pinch 
off the end or nib, or to pinch off with the ends of the 
fingers. 2. To cut off the .end of any thing ; to clip, as 
with the knife or scissors. 3. To blast ; to kill or destroy 
the end of any thing ; hence, to kill ; as, nipped in the bud. 
Hence, cut off prematurely. 4. To pinch, bite, or affect 
the extremities of any thing ; hence, to check progress or 
advance. 5. To check circulation ; [unusual] 6. To bite ; 
to vex. — Spenser. 7. To satirize keenly; to taunt sar- 
castically. — Hubbard. 

NIP, n. 1. A seizing or closing in upon ; as, in the northern 
seas, the nip of the ice. 2. A pinch with the nails or teeth. 
— Ascham. 3. A small cut, or a cutting off the end. 4. 
A blast ; a killing of the ends of plants ; destruction by 
frost. 5. A biting sarcasm ; a taunt 6. [G. nippen.] A 
sip or small draught. 

NIPT, ' } ( ni P*)» HP- Pinched; bit; cropped; blasted. 

NIP'PER, n. 1. A satirist ; [pbs.] 2. A fore-tooth of a horse. 
The nippers are four. 

NIP'PER-KIN, n. [Aleman. nap, nappekin.] A small cup. 

NIP'PERS, n. pi. Small pincers. 

NIP'PING, ppr. or a. Pinching ; pinching off; biting off the 
end; cropping; clipping; blasting; killing. 

NIP'PING-LY, adv. With bitter sarcasm.— Johnson. 

NIP'PLE, n. [Sax. nypele.] 1. A teat; a dug. 2. The orifice 
at which any animal liquor is separated. — Derham. 

NIPTLE-W6RT, n. An herb of the genus lapsana, former- 
ly used as an external application to the breasts of women. 

t NIS. [Sax. nis.] Is not.— Spenser. 

Nl'SAN, n. [Heb. and Chal. "Jt)^-] A month of the Jewish 
calendar, the first month of the sacred year and seventh 
of the civil year, answering to the end of March and be- 
ginning of April ; called Abib until the captivity. 

NT Si PRl'US, n. [L.] In law, the name of certain courts 
for the trial of causes in the several counties. The writ 
requires the trial to be held at Westminster on a certain 
day, nisi prius, unless previously the justices of the bench 
should meet in the county. Hence, their courts were 
called nisi prius courts, and trials before them, trials at 
tiisi prius. Corresponding courts have been created by 
statute in some of the United States. — Bouvier. 

NIT, n. [Sax. hnitu.] The egg of a louse or other small in- 
sect — Derham. 

NITEN-CY, n. [L. niteo.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ; [little 
used.] 2. [L. nitor.] Endeavor ; effort ; spring to expand 
jtself ; [little used.] 

Nl'TER, ) n. [Fr. nitre ; Sp., It. nitro , L. nitrum.] A salt ; 

Nl'TRE, > called, also, salt-petre (stone salt), and, in the 
modern nomenclature of chemistry, nitrate ofpotassa. 

NITH'ING, 7i. [Sax.] A coward ; a dastard ; a poltroon. 
See Niding. 

NITTD, a. [L. nitidus.] 1. Bright ; lustrous ; shining.— Boyle. 
2. Gay; spruce; fine. — Reeve; [little used.] 

NITRATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the nitric 
acid with a base. — Lavoisier. 

Ni'TRa-TED, a. Combined with nitric acid. 

Nl'TRE, n. See Niter. 

Ni'TRIC, a. Impregnated with nitric acid.— Nitric acid, a 
compound of oxygen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 
five equivalents of oxygen to one of nitrogen.— Nitric oxyd, 
a compound of oxygen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 
Jwo equivalents of oxygen to one of nitrogen. 

Ni-TRI-FI-GaTION, n. The process of forming niter. 

Nl'TBT-Ft, v. t. [niter, and L. facio.] To form into niter. 

NlTRlTE, n. A salt formed by the combination of the ni- 
trous acid with a base. 

Nl'TRO GEN, n. [Gr. vnpov and yevvau.] That element 
which is the basis of nitric acid, and the principal ingredi- 
ent in atmospheric air. In a pure state, it is a colorless 
gas, wholly devoid of smell and taste. 

NI-TROG'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to nitrogen. 

Nl-TRO-LEu'CIC, a. Designating a supposed acid obtained 
from leucine acted on by nitric acid. 

NI-TROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. vnpov and utrpeo).] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the quality or value of niter. 

NlTRO-MUJEtl-ATIC, a. Nitro-muriatic acid is formed by 
mixing nitric and muriatic (or hydrochloric) acid; for- 
merly called aqua regia, from its solvent power over gold, 
the king of the metals. — Brande. 

NITROUS, a. Pertaining to niter ; partaking of the quali- 
ties of niter, or resembling it.— Nitrous acid, a compound 
of oxygen and nitrogen in the proportion of four equiva- 
lents of the former to one of the latter. — Nitrous oxyd, 
sometimes, from its effects on the animal system when in- 
haled, called exhilarating or laughing gas, a gas composed 
of one equivalent of oxygen and one of nitrogen. 

WTRY, a. Nitrous ; pertaining to niter ; producing niter. 



NITTER, n. The horse-bee, that lays its egg3 or nits on 
horses. — Med. Rep. 

t NIT'TI-LY, adv. Lousily .—Hayward. 

NITTY, a. Full of nits ; abounding with nits. 

t Nl'VAL, a. [L. nivalis] Abounding with 6now ; snowy. 

NIV'E-OUS, a. [L. niveus.] Snowy ; resembling snow , 
partaking of the qualities of snow. — Brown. 

NI-ZAM', n. The title of one of the native sovereigns of 
India. — Brande. 

Nl'ZY, n. [Norm. Fr. nessi.] A dunce ; a simpleton. — Smart 
[ Vulgar.] 

NO. An abbreviation of number, Fr. nombre ; as, No. 10. 

NO, adv. [Sax. na, or ne ; W. na.] I. A word of denial or 
refusal, expressing a negative, and equivalent to nay and 
not. 2. After another negative, it repeats the negation 
with great emphasis. 3. Not in any degree. 4. When 
no is repeated, it expresses negation or refusal with em- 
phasis. 

NO, a. 1. Not any ; none. 2. Not any ; not one. 3. When 
it precedes where, as in no where, it may be considered as 
adverbial, though originally an adjective. 

NO-I'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Noah, the patriarch, or to 
his time. — Phillips, Geol 

NOB, n. The head. [In ridicule. A low word.] 

NO-BIL'IA-RY, n. A history of noble families. — Encyc. 

NO-BIL'I-TITE, v. t. [L. nobilito.] To make noble ; U, 
enoble. 

NO-BIL-I-TITION, n. The act of making noble.— More. 

NO-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. nobilitas.] 1. Dignity of mind ; great- 
ness ; grandeur ; elevation of soul. 2. Antiquity of fami- 
ly ; descent from noble ancestors ; distinction by blood, 
usually joined with riches. 3. The qualities which con 
statute distinction of rank in civil society according to the 
customs or laws of the country. — In Great Britain, nobility 
is extended to five ranks, those of duke, marquis, earl, 
viscount, and baron. 4. The persons collectively who en 
joy rank above commoners ; the peerage. 

No'BLE, a. [Fr., Sp. noble; L. nobilis.] 1. Being abov« 
every thing that can dishonor reputation. 2. High in ex- 
cellence or worth. 3. Distinguished for magnificence and 
splendor, as a building. 4. Of an ancient and splendid 
family. 5. Distinguished from commoners by rank and 
title. 6. Characterized by liberality and generosity ; aa, 
a noble soul. 7. Principal ; capital ; as, a noble part of 
the body. 8. Ingenuous ; candid ; of an excellent dispo- 
sition ; ready to receive truth. 9. Of the best kind ; 
choice ; excellent — Noble metals, a name given to gold, 
silver, and platinum. — Syn. Honorable ; worthy ; dignified ; 
elevated ; exalted ; sublime ; great ; eminent ; illustrious , 
renowned ; stately ; splendid. ; magnificent ; grand ; mag- 
nanimous ; generous ; liberal ; free. 

No'BLE, n. 1. A person of rank above a commoner ; a no- 
bleman ; a peer. — 2. In Scripture, a person of honorable 
family, or distinguished by station.— 3. Formerly, a gold 
coin, but now a money of account value 6s. 8d. sterling. 

No'BLE-MAN, n. A noble ; a peer ; one who enjoys rank 
above a commoner. — Dry den. 

No'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Greatness ; dignity ; ingenuousness ; 
magnanimity ; elevation of mind or of condition. 2. Dis- 
tinction by birth ; honor derived from a noble ancestry. 

NO-BLESS', I n. [Fr. noblesse.] 1. The nobility ; persons of 

NO-BLESSE', 5 noble rank collectively.— Di~yden. 2. Dig- 
nity ; greatness ; noble birth or condition. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

No'BLE-WoM-AN, n. A female of noble rank. 

No'BLY, adv. 1. Of noble extraction ; descended from a 
family of rank. — Dry den. 2. With greatness of soul ; with 
magnanimity. 3. With splendor or magnificence. — Syn. 
Illustriously ; honorably ; magnanimously ; heroically ; 
worthily ; eminently ; grandly ; magnificently ; splendidly. 

NoTOD-Y, n. [no and body.] No person ; no one. — Swift. 

No'CENT, a. [L. nocens.] Hurtful ; mischievous ; injuri 
ous ; doing hurt. — Watts. 

No'CENT-LY, adv. In a hurtful manner ; noxiously. 

No'ClVE, a. [L. nocivus.] Hurtful ; injurious.— Hooker 

t NOCK, n. A notch. See Notch. 

t NOCK, v. t. To place in the notch.— Chapman. 

t NOCK-ED (nokt), a. Notched.— Chaucer. 

NOC-TAM-BU-LX'TION, n. [L. nox and ambulo.] A rising 
from bed and walking in sleep. — Beddoes. 

NOC-TAM'BU-LIST, n. One who rises from bed and walks 
in his sleep. Arbuthnot uses noctambulo in the same sense. 

NOC-TID'I-AL, a. [L. nox and dies.] Comprising a night 
and a day.— Holder. [Little used.] 

t NOC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nox and/e?o.] Bringing night. 

NOC-TIL'U-CA, n. [L. nox and luceo.] A species of phos- 
phorus which shines in darkness. 

NOC-TIL1T-COUS, a. Shining in the night.— Pennant. 

NOC-TI V'A-GANT, } a. [L. nox and vagor.] Wandering in 

NOC-TIV'A-GOUS, 5 the night, as an animal for prey. 

NOC-TIV-A-GITION, n. A roving in the night. 

NOCTU-A-RY, n. [from L. nox.] An account of what 
passes in the night. — Addison. 

NOCTULE, n. [L. nox.] A large species of bat. 



D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VI"CIOUS.— 6 as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; SH as in this, t Obsolete. 



NUI 



676 



NOxM 



NOC'TURN, n. [L. nocturnus.] An office of devotion or re- 
ligious service by night. — Stillingfleet. 

NOC-TURN'AL, a. [L. nocturnus.} 1. Pertaining to night. 
2. Done or happening at night. 3. Nightly ; done or being 
every night. 

f NO€-TURN'AL, n. An instrument formerly used at eea 
to take the altitude of the stars, &c. — Barlow. 

NOe-TURN'AL-LY, adv. In the night ; nightly. 

'NOCU-MENT, ti. [L. nocumentum.] Harm. 

t NOCUOUS, a. [L. nocuus.] Hurtful.— Bailey. 

NOCU-OUS-LY, adv. In a hurtful manner ; injuriously. 

NOD, v. i. [L. nuto.] 1. To incline the head with a quick 
motion, either forward or sidewise, as persons nod in 
sleep. 2. To bend or incline with a quick motion. 3. To 
be drowsy. 4. To make a slight bow; also, to beckon 
with a nod. 

NOD, v. t. 1. To incline or bend ; to shake.— Shak. 2. To 
signify by a nod ; as, to nod approbation. 

NOD, n. 1. A quick declination of the head. 2. A quick 
declination or inclination. 3. A quick inclination of the 
head in drowsiness or sleep. 4. A slight obeisance. — Shak. 
5. A command. 

No'Di-TED, a. [L. nodatus.] Knotted. — A nodated hyper- 
bola, in geometry, is a curve having two branches which 
intersect each other. 

NO-DITION, n. [L. nodatio.] The act of making a knot, 
or state of being knotted. [Little used.] 

NOD'DED, pp. Bent; inclined; signified by a nod. 

\ NOD'DEN, a. Bent ; inclined. — Thomson. 

NOD'DER, n. One who nods ; a drowsy person. 

NOD'DING, ppr. or a. 1. Inclining the head with a short, 
quick motion ; signifying by a nod. — 2. In botany, a sub- 
stitute for the term nutant; having the top bent down- 
ward. 

NOD'DLE, n. [qu. L. nodulus.) The head; [in contempt.] 

NODDY, n. [qu. Gr. vu6r)S .] 1. A simpleton ; a fool. 2. A 
sea-fowl of the tern kind, found, principally, along the 
American coasts in warm latitudes. 3. A game at cards. 

NODE, n. [L. nodus.] 1. Properly, a knot ; a knob ; hence, 
2. In surgery, a swelling of the periosteum, tendons, or 
bones. — 3. In astronomy, the point where the orbit of a 
planet intersects the ecliptic. — 4. In poetry, the knot, in- 
trigue, or plot of a piece, or the principal difficulty.— 5. In 
dialing, a point or hole in the gnomon of a dial, used for 
showing the time or the sun's place. — 6. In botany, the 
point of a stem from which the leaves arise. Lindley. — 
Nodes, or nodal points, in music, the fixed points of a sono- 
rous chord, at which it divides itself, when it vibrates by 
aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic sounds. 

NO-DoSE', a. [L. nodosus.] Knotted ; having knots or 
swelling joints. — Martyn. 

NO-DOS'I-TY, n. Knottiness.— Brown. 

NOD'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to or in the form of a nodule or 
knot. 

NOD'ULE, n. [L. nodulus.] A rounded mineral mass of 
irregular shape. — Lyell. 

NOD'UL.ED, a. Having little knots or lumps. 

tNO-ETI€, a. [Gr. vocriKoS-] Intellectual; transacted by 
the understanding. 

NOG, n. [abbrev. ot noggin.] A little pot ; also, ale. — Swift. 

f NOG'GEN, a. Hard; rough; harsh.— King Charles. 

NOG'GIN, n. A small mug or wooden cup. 

NOG'GING, n. A partition of scantlings filled with bricks. 

tNOI'ANCE, n. Annoyance; mischief; inconvenience. 

f NOIE, for annoy. y 

fNOI'ER, for annoyer. V Tusscr. 

f NOI'OUS, troublesome, y 

NOISE (noiz), n. [Fr. noise.] 1. Sound of any kind. 2. 
Loud, importunate, or continued talk expressive of boast- 
ing, complaint, or quarreling. 3. Frequent talk ; much 
public conversation. 4. Music in general ; a concert. — 
Shak.; [obs.] — Syn. Cry; outcry; clamor; din; clatter; 
tumult; uproar. 

NOISE (noiz), v. i. To sound loud.— Milton. 

NOISE (noiz), v. t. 1. To spread by rumor or report. 2. 
To disturb with noise ; [not authorized.] 

NOISE'-MaK-ER (noiz'-mak-er), n. One who makes a 
clamor.— L' Estrange. 

NOISED, pp. Spread by report ; much talked of. 

NOISE'FUL (noiz'ful), a. Loud ; clamorous ; making much 
noise or talk. — Dryden. 

NOISE'LESS (noizles), a. Making no noise or bustle ; si- 
lent. 

NOISE'LESS-LY. adv. Without noise ; silently. 

NOISE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of silence. 

NOIS'I-LY (noiz'e-le), adv. With noise ; with making a 
noise. 

NOIS'I-NESS (noiz'e-nes), n. The state of being noisy; 
loudness of sound ; clamorousness. 

NOISING (noiz'ing), ppr. Spreading by report. 

NOI'S6ME (noi'sum), a. [Norm, noisife ; It. nocivo, noioso.] 
1. Noxious to health ; hurtful ; mischievous ; unwhole- 
some ; insalubrious ; destructive. 2. Noxious ; injurious. 



3. Offensive to the smell or other senses ; disgnstina . 
fetid.-SAafc. 

NOI'SOME-LY (noi'sum-le), adv. With a fetid stench ; with 
an infectious steam. 

NOI'S6ME-NESS n. Offensiveness to the smell ; quality 
that disgusts. — South. 

NOISY (noiz'e), a. 1. Making a loud sound. 2. Clamor 
ous ; turbulent ; obstreperous. 3. Full of noise. 

No' LENS Vo'LENS. [L.] Unwilling or willing; whethei 
he will or not. 

N6'Ll-ME-TAN'&E-RE. [L. ; touch me not] 1. A name 
of certain plants, particularly of the genus impatiens, from 
the property of discharging the seeds, when ripe, with 
some force. — 2. Among physicians, an ulcer or cancer, a 
species of herpes. — Coze. 

NO-Lf'TION (no-lish'un), n. [L. nolo.] Unwillingness ; op 
posed to volition. [Little usecL] 

f NOLL, n. [Sax. hnol, cnoll.] The head ; the noddle. 

NOL'LE PROS' E- QUI. [L.] In law, a formal stoppage of 
proceedings in a suit by a plaintiff or attorney for the 
public. 

No'MAD, n. [Gr. vouas, vouaSog.] One who leads a wander- 
ing life, and subsists by tending herds of cattle which grazw 
on herbage of spontaneous growth. 

NO-MADTG, a. [Gr. vo/iadiKos-] Pastoral ; subsisting by 
the tending of cattle, and wandering for the sake of pas- 
turage. 

No'MAD-ISM, n. The state of a nomad. 

No'MAD-lZE, v. i. To wander with flocks and herds for 
the sake of finding pasturage ; to subsist by the grazing 
of herds on herbage of natural growth. — Tooke. 

No'MAD-lZ-ING, ppr. Leading a pastoral life, and wander- 
ing or removing from place to place for the sake of find- 
ing pasture. 

No'MAN-CY, n. [L. nomen, and Gr. uavrtta.] The art of 
divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form 
their names. 

N6M'BLi?S, n. pi. [Fr.] The entrails of a deer.— Johnson. 

NOM'BRIL, n. [Fr.] The center of an escutcheon. 

NOM' DE GUERRE' (nom' de gar'). [Fr.] Literally, a 
name during the war ; a fictitious name, or one assumed 
for a time. 

NoME, n. [Gr. vo/xoS.] 1. A province or tract of country , 
an Egyptian government or division. — 2. In the ancient 
Greek music, any melody determined by inviolable rules 
—3. [L. nomen.] In algebra, a term, which see.— 4. [Gr 
v£/xw, to eat.] In surgery, a phagedenic ulcer, or specie* 
of herpes. 

*N5'MEN-€LA-TOR, n. [L.; Fr. nomen clateur.] 1. A per 
son who calls things or persons by their names. — 2. Ii 
modern usage, a person who gives names to things. 

* No'MEN-€La-TRESS, n. A female nomenclator. 

* NO-MEN-CLXTUR-AL, a. Pertaining or according to » 

nomenclature. — Barton. 

* No'MEN-€La-TURE, n. [L. nomenclatura.] 1. A list oj 

catalogue of the more usual and important words in t 
language, with their significations ; a vocabulary or die 
tionary. 2. The names of things hi any art or science, oj 
the whole vocabulary of names or technical terms which 
are appropriated to any particular branch of science. 

No'MI-AL, n. [from L. nomen.] In algebra, a term, whicl 
see. 

NOM'IN-AL, a. [L. nominalis.] 1. Titular ; existing in n;un< 
only. 2. Pertaining to a name or names ; consisting ii 
names. 

NOM'IN-AL, In. The Nominalists were a sect of phi 

NOM'IN- AL-IST, } losophers in the Middle Ages, who adopt 
ed tho opinion of Roscelin, that generals, or the terms useo 
to denote the genera and species of things, are not proper 
ly designations of things that exist, but mere names for the 
resemblances and evidences of things. — Murdoch. 

NOM'IN-AL-ISM, n. The principles of the Nominalists. 

t NOM'IN- AL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a noun. 

NOM'IN-AL-LY, adv. By name or in name only. 

NOM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. nomino.] 1. To name ; to mention 
by name. 2. To call ; to entitle ; to denominate.— Spenser 
3. To name, or designate by name, for an office or place ; 
to appoint. — 4. Usually, to name for an election, choice, oi 
appointment ; to propose by name. 

NOM'IN-a-TED, pp. Named ; mentioned by name ; desig- 
nated or proposed for an office or for election. 

NOM'IN-ATE-LY, adv. By name ; particularly. 

NOM'IN-A-TING, ppr. or a. Naming ; proposing for an of 
fice or for choice by name. 

NOM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of naming or of nomina- 
ting ; the act of proposing by name for an office. 2. The 
power of nominating or appointing to office. 3. The state 
of being nominated. 

NOM'IN-A-TIVE, a. Pertaining to the name which precedes 
a verb, or to the first case of nouns. 

NOM'IN- A-TlVE, n. In grammar, the first case of names oi 
nouns, and of adjectives which are declinable. 

NOM'IN- A-TfVE-LY, adv. As a nominative. 



Synopsis. I, E. T, &.c, long.— I e, 1, &.c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— &3 VE, BOOK. 



NON 



677 



NON 



M?MTN-A-1 OR, n. One who nominates. 
HOM-1N-EE', ?;. I. In law, the person who is named to re- 
ceive u copyhold estate on surrender of it to the lord ; 
sometimes called the surrenderee. 2. A person named or 
designated by another. 3. A person on whose life depends 
an annuity. 
NOM'IN-OR. n. He who points out or nominates, as to an 

office. 
NO-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. yo^os, law, and ypa<pu, to write.] 

A treatise on laws. 
NOM'O-THETE, n. A law-giver.— Smart. 
NOM-O-THET'IC, \a. [Gr. vo^odirr^.] Legislative; 
K 0M0-THET1€-AL, J enacting laws. 
NON, adv. [L.] Not. This word is used in the English 
language as a prefix only, for giving a negative sense to 
words : as in reon-residence. 
NON-A-BIL'I-TY, n. A want of ability.— In late, an excep- 
tion taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is un- 
able legallv to commence a suit. 
NON-A€-CeDTNG, a. Not acceding. 
NON-ACID, a. Not having the qualities of an acid. 
NON- AP-Pe ARAN CE, n. Default of appearance, as in 

court, to prosecute or defend. 
NON-AP-POINTMENT, n. Neglect of appointment. 
NON AS-SUMP'SIT. [L.] The plea of the defendant in 
an action of assumpsit, that "he did not undertake and 
promise," &c. — Bouvier. 
NON-AT-TEND'ANCE, n. A failure to attend : omission 

of attendance. 
NON-AT-TENTION. n. Inattention.— Swift. 
NON-BI-Tu'MIN-OUS, a. Containing no bitumen. 
NOX'-CLaIM, n. A failure to make claim within the time 

limited by law ; omission of claim. — Bailey. 
NON-€0-H£'SION (-he'zhun), n. Want of cohesion. 
NON-€0-IN'CI-DENT, a. Not coincident. 
NON-COM-MIS'SIONED (-mish'und), a. Not having a com- 
mission. — Non-commissioned officers, in the army, are those 
below the rank of ensign or cornet, and, in the navy, those 
below the rank of lieutenant 
NON-COM-MIT'TAL, n. A state of not being committed 
or pledged ; forbearance of committing one's self. [Amer- 
ican politics.] 
NON-COM-MuNTON, n. Neglect or failure of communion. 
NON-COM-PLi'ANCE, n. Neglect or failure of compliance. 
NON-€OM-PLyTNG. a. Neglecting or refusing to complv. 
NON €OM'POS MEN'TIS, I TL.] Not of sound mind ; 
NON € OUT OS. J not having the regular use 

of reason ; as a noun, an idiot ; a lunatic. 
NON-€ON. See Non-Context. 

NON-€ON-€LuDTNG, a. Not ending or closing.— Baxter. 
NON-CON-CUR', v. i. To dissent or "refuse to concur. 
NON-€ON-€UR'RENCE, n. A refusal to concur.— Ashe. 
NON-COX-DUCTTXG, a. Not conducting ; not transmit- 
ting another fluid. 
NOX-COX-DUCTIOX. n. A non-conducting.— Ure. 
NON-€ON-DU€T'OR, n. A substance which does not con- 
duct, that is, transmit another substance or fluid, or which 
transmits it with difficulty. 
NOX-COX-FORMTXG, a. Not joining in the established re- 
ligion. 
NOX-COX-FORM'IST, n. One who does not conform to 
an established church ; particularly, in England, one who 
refused to conform to the established church at the resto- 
ration of Charles II. 
NOX-€OX-FORM'I-TY. n. 1. Neglect or failure of con- 
formity. 2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an es- 
tablished church in its rites and mode of worship. 
NON-€ON-Ta'6IOUS. a. Not contagious. 
NON-COX-Tl'GlOUS-XESS, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing not communicable from a diseased to a healthy body. 
NOX'-€ OX-TEXT', n. In the British House of Lords, one 
who gives a negative vote, as not being satisfied with the 
measure. The word is sometimes abridged into non-con^ 
and applied to any one who dissents or expresses dissatis- 
faction. — John Foster. 
NON-COX-TRIB'U-TIXG, a. Not contributing.— Jefferson. 
NOX-CO-TEM-PO-RI'NE-OUS, a. Not being'cotemporary, 

or not of cotemporary origin. — Journ. of Science. 
NON-DE-LI V'ER-Y, n. A neglect or failure of delivery. 
NON-DEP-O-Sl'TION (-zish'uh), n. A failure to deposit or 

throw down. 
NON'-DE-S€RIPT, a. [L. non and descriptus.] That has 

not been described. 
NON'-DE-SCRIPT, n. Any thing that has not been de- 
scribed. 
NON-DE-VLL'OP-MENT, n. A failure of development 
NON-DIS-C6VER-Y, n. Want of discovery.— BucMand. 
NON-ELECT*, n. [L. non and electus.] One who is not 

elected or chosen to salvation. — Huntington. 
NON-E-LEC'TION, n. Failure of election.— Jefferson. 
NON-E-LECTRIC. a. Conducting the electric fluid. 
NON-E-LE€'TRI€, n. A substance that is not an electric, 
or which transmits the fluid, as metals. 



NON-EMPHATIC, {a. Having no emphasis, uuem- 

NON-EM-PHAT -J€-AL. 5 phatic— Beattie. 

NON-EN'TI-TY, n. 1. Non-existence ; the negation of be 
ing. — Bentley. 2. A thing not existing. 

NON-E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. Not episcopal ; not of the Episco- 
pal Church or denomination. — J. M. Mason. 

NON-E-PIS-CO-PI'LI-AN, n. One who does not belong to . 
the Episcopal Church or denomination. — J. M. Mason. 

NON-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. yon-essentials are things not essen- 
tial to a particular purpose. — J. M. Mason. 

NON EST IN-VEN'TUS. [L.] He is not found.— In lav, 
the sheriff's return to a writ when the defendant is not to 
be found. 

NON-EX-€OM-Ml"NI-€A-BLE, a. Not liable to excommu- 
nication. 

NON-EX-E-€uTION, n. Neglect of execution ; non-per 
formance. 

NON-EX-IST'EXCE (x as gz), n. 1. Absence of existence , 
the negation of being. 2. A thing that has no existence. 

NON-EX-IST'EXT, a. Not having existence— B. Godwin. 

NON-EX-P6R-Ta'TION, n. A failure of exportation ; a not 
exporting goods or commodities. 

NON-EX-TEX'SiLE, a. That can not be stretched. 

XOX-FeA'SAXCE, 72. In law, a failure to perform. 

NON-FUL-FILL'MENT, n. Neglect or failure to fulfill. 

NON-IM-PoR-TI'TION, n. Want or failure of importation 

NON-DI-PoRTTXG, a. Not bringing from foreign countries. 

NON-JOLN'DER, n. In law, the omission of some person 
who ought to have been made a plaintiff or defendant in 
a suit— "Bouvier. 

NON-JuRTNG, a. [L. non and juro.] Not swearing allegi- 
ance ; an epithet applied to the party in Great Britain that 
would, not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian family and 
government. 

NON-Ju'ROR, n. La Great Britain, one who refused to 
take the oath of allegiance to the government and crown 
of England at the revolution, when James II. abdicated 
the throne, and the Hanoverian family was introduced. 

NON Ll'QUET. [L.] It is not clear ; a phrase used when 
a person votes on neither side of a question because un 
decided in his mind. 

NON-MA-LIG'XANT. a. Not malignant : applied to diseases. 

NON-MAN-U-FAC'TUR-ING, a. Not carrying on manufac- 
tures. — Hamilton. 

NON-MEM'BER, n. Not a member. 

NON-MEM'BER-SHIP, n. State of not being a member. 

XON-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Not consisting of metal. 

NON-NATTJ-RALS, n.pl. [L.non-naturalia.] In medicine, a 
term applied by the old physicians to certain things which 
are necessary "to life, but form no part of the living body 
as air, food, excretions, <fcc. — Brande. 

NON-0-BeT)I-ENCE, n. Neglect of obedience.— Milner. 

NON-OB-SERYANCE, n. Failure to observe or fulfill. 

NON OB-STAy'TE. [L.l Notwithstanding; in opposition 
to what has been stated or is to be stated or admitted. 
— A clause in statutes and letters patent, importing a li- 
cense from the king to do a thing which, being restrained 
by act of Parliament, can not be done without such license. 
— Encyc. 

NON-PXY'MENT, n. Neglect of payment— S. E. Dtcight 

NON-PER-FORM'ANCE, n. A failure to perform. 

NON-PON-DER-OS'I-TY, n, Destitution of weight ; levity 

NON-PON'DER-OUS. a. Having no weight. 

NON-PRO-DUC'TION, n. A failure to produce or exhibit 

NON-PRO-FES'SION-AL (-fesh'un-), a. Not professional. 

NON-PRO-Fl'CLEN-CY. n. Failure to make progress. 

NON-PRO-Fl"CLENT (-fish'ent), n. One who has failed to 
improve or make progress in any study or pursuit 

NON PROS, [contraction of L. non prosequitur.] In law, a 
judgment entered against the plaintiff in a suit when he 
does not appear to prosecute. 

NON-PROSSED' (-prostO, a. Denoting a suit which is 
dropped, or not prosecuted. 

NOX-RE-GiRD AXCE, n. Want of due regard. 

XOX-Re'gEXT, n. In the English universities, a term ap- 
plied to those Masters of Arts whose regency has ceased. 
— See Regent. 

NON-REN-Di"TION (-dish'un), n. Neglect of rendition, 
the not rendering what is due. 

NON-RE-SEM'BLANCE, n. Unlikeness ; dissimilarity. 

NON-RESLDENCE. n. Failure or neglect of residing at 
the place where one is stationed, or where official duties 
require one to reside, or on one's own lands. 

NON-RES'I-DENT, a. Not residing in a particular place, 
on one's own estate, or in one's proper place. 

NOX-RES'I-DEXT, n. One who does not reside on one's 
own lands, or in the place where official duties require. 
— In England, noii-resident is particularly applied to cler- 
gvmen who five away from their cures. 

XOX-RE-SIST'AXCE, n. The omission of resistance ; pass- 
ive obedience ; submission to authority. 

NOX-RE-SISTANT, a. Making no resistance to power at 
oppression. — Arbuthnot. 



DOVE ;— BULL, tJNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



NOi\ 



67 b 



NOR 



NON-RE-S1STANT, n. One who maintains that no resist 
ance should be made to the injuries inflicted by others. 

NON-SaNE', a. [L. non and sanus.] Unsound ; not perfect. 

NON-SENS'I-TlVE, a. Wanting sense or perception. 

NON SEQ.'UI-TUR (-sek'we-tur). [L.] It does not fol- 
low. — In logic, an inference which does not follow from 
the premises. 

NON-SLIVE'HoLD-ING, a. Not possessing slaves. 

NON-SO-LuTION, n. Failure of solution or explanation. 

NON-SOL V'EN-CY, n. Inability to pay debts. 

NON-SOLVENT, a. Not able to pay debts ; insolvent. 

NON-SOLVENT, n. An insolvent. 

NON-SPaR'ING, a. Sparing none ; all-destroying ; merci- 
less. — Shak. 

NON-SUB-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. Want of submission. 

NON-SUB-MIS'SIVE, a. Not submissive. 

NON-TENTJRE, n. In law, a plea of a defendant that he 
did not hold the land as affirmed by the plaintiff. — Bouvier. 

NON'-TERM, n. A vacation between two terms of a court. 

NON-U'NI-FORM-IST, n. One who believes that past 
changes in the structure of the earth have proceeded from 
causes more violent than are now operating. — Am. JEclect. 

NON-US'ANCE (non-yuz'ans), n. Neglect of using.— 
Brown. 

NON-US'ER (non-yfiz'er), n. 1. A not using; failure to 
use ; neglect of official duty. 2. Neglect or omission of 
use. 

NONAGE, n. [non and age.] Minority ; the time of life be- 
fore a person, according to the laws of his country, be- 
comes of age to manage his own concerns. 

NON-A-gEN-a'RI-AN, n. One ninety years old. 

NON-A-GES'I-MAL, a. and n. [L. noyiagesimus.] A term ap 
plie " 

NON' 
having nine sides and nine angles. — Brande, 

NONCE, n. [corruption of once.] For the nonce, for the 
once ; for the present call or occasion. [ Colloquial.] 

NON'cHA-LaNCE' (non'sha-lans'), n. [Fr.] ^difference ; 
carelessness ; coolness. 

NON'cHA-LANT (non'sha-langO, a. [Fr.] Indifferent; care- 
less ; cool. 

* NONE (none or nun), a. [Sax. nan ; ne and ane.] 1. Not 

one. 2. Not any ; not a part ; not the least portion. 3. 
It was formerly used before nouns ; as, none assurance. 
This use is obsolete ; we now use no. 4. It is used as a 
substitute, the noun being omitted. 5. In the following 
phrase, it is used for nothing, or no concern. "Israel 
would none of me," that is, Israel would not listen to me 
at all. 6. As a substitute, none has a plural signification ; 
as, " terms of peace were none vouchsafed." — Milton. 
NONES, 7i.pl. [L. nonce.] 1. In the Roman calendar, the 
fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, 
August, September, November, and December, and the 
seventh day of March, May, July, and October. The 
nones were nine days from the ides, reckoning inclusively 
according to the Roman method. 2. Prayers, formerly so 
called. — Todd. 

* NoNE'SUCH, n. [none and such.] 1. An extraordinary 
thing ; a thing that has not its equal. 2. A name of vari- 



! NON'SuIT-ED, pp. Adjudged to have deserted the suit dj 
■ default of appearance, as a plaintiff. 

NON'SuIT-ING, ppr. Adjudging to have abandoned the 
suit by non-appearance or other neglect. 

NOO'DLE, n. A simpleton. [A vulgar word.] 

NOOK, n. A corner ; a narrow place formed by an angle 
in bodies or between bodies. — Milton. 

NOON, n. [Sax. non ; D. noen.] 1. The middle of the day ; 
the time when the sun is in the meridian ; twelve o'clock. 
2. Dryden and others have " noon of night," for midnight. 

NOON, a._ Meridional. — Young. 

NOON'DaY, n. Mid-day ; twelve o'clock in the day. 

NOON'DaY, a. Pertaining to mid-day ; meridional. 

NOON'ING, n. Repose at noon ; sometimes, repast at noon. 

NOON'STe AD, n. The station of the sun at noon. 

NOONTIDE, n. The time of noon; mid-day. 

NOONTIDE, a. Pertaining to noon ; meridional. 

*"NOOSE (nooz), n. [Ir. nas.] A running knot, which bind- 
the closer the more it is drawn. — Hudibras. 

NOOSE (nooz), v. t. To tie in a noose ; to catch in a noose , 
to entrap ; to insnare. 

NOOSUD (noozd), pp. Caught in a noose. 

NOOTH'S AP-PA-RA'TUS, n, A series of three glass ves 
sels, placed vertically, for the purpose of impregnating 
water with carbonic acid gas. — Brande. 

No'PAL, n. A plant of the genus cactus or opuntia, upon 
which the cochineal insect chiefly breeds. 

NoPE, n. A provincial name for the bull-finch. — Ed. Encyc. 

NOR, connective, [ne and or.] 1. A word that denies or 
renders negative the second or subsequent part of a prop 
osition, or a proposition following another negative prop- 
osition ; correlative to neither or not. — 2. Nor sometimes 
begins a sentence, but in this case a negative proposition 
has preceded it in the foregoing sentence. 3. In some 
cases, usually in poetry, neither is omitted, and the negation 
which it would express is included in nor. 4. Sometimes, 
in poetry, nor is used for neither, in the first part of the 
proposition. 

NORFOLK CRAG, n. In geology, an English tertiary for- 
mation, consisting of irregular ferruginous sandy clay, 
mixed with marine shells. — Buchanan. 

No'RI-UM, n. A metal recently discovered in zircon. 

NOR'MAL, a. [L. normalis.] 1. According to a square or 
rule ; perpendicular ; forming a right angle. 2. Regular ; 
according to an established law, rule, or principle. 3. Re- 
lating to rudiments or elements ; teaching rudiments or 
first principles. — Normal group, in geology, is a group of 
certain rocks taken as a rule or standard.— Lyell. 

NOR'MAL, n. In geometry, a perpendicular, 

NOR'MAL SCHOOL, n. An institution for a training up per. 
sons to teach common schools. 

NOR'MAN, n. In seamen's language, a short wooden bar 
to be thrust into a hole of the windlass, on which to fasten 
the cable. 

NOR'MAN, n. [north-man or nord-man.] A Norwegian, or a 
native of Normandy. 

NOR'MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans. 

NORNS, n. pi. In Scandinavian mythology, the three fates, 
past, present, sad. future. — Brande. 
ous "plants, as black medic, a variety of apple, a plant of NOE/ROY, n. [north and roy.] The title of the third of th« 



plied to the highest point of the ecliptic above the horizon. 
"T'A-GON, n. [L. nonus, and Gr. ymvia.] A plain figure 



the genus lychnis. 

NO-NILL'ION, n. [L. nonus and million.] According to the 
English notation, a unit with 54 ciphers annexed ; accord- 
to the French notation, a unit with 30 ciphers annexed. 

NON-PA-ReIL' (non-pa-rer), n. [Fr. non and pareil] 1. Ex- 
cellence unequaled. — Shah. 2. A sort of apple. 3. A very 
small sort of printing type, the smallest now used except 
three, viz., ruby, pearl, and diamond. 

NON-PA-PwElL' (non-pa-rel'), a. Having no equal ; peerless. 

NON'PLUS, n. [L. non and plus.] Puzzle ; insuperable dif- 
ficulty ; a state in which one is unable to proceed. 

NON'PLUS, v. t. To puzzle ; to confound ; to put to a 
stand ; to stop by embarrassment. — Dryden. 

NON'PLUS-ED (non'plust), pp. Puzzled ; put to a stand. 

NON'SENSE, n. 1. No sense ; words or language which 
have no meaning, or which convey no just ideas ; absurdi- 
ty. 2. Trifles ; things of no importance. — Nonsense verses, 
are fines made solely for improvement in versification, by 
taking any words which occur, without reference to form- 
ing any connected sense. 

NON-SENS'IC-AL, a. Unmeaning , absurd ; foolish. 

NON-SENS'I€-AL-LY, adv. Absurdly ; without meaning. 

NON-SENS'I€-AL-NESS, n. Jargon ; absurdity ; that which 
conveys no proper ideas. 

NON'SUCH. See Nonesuch. 

NON'SuIT, n. In law, the default, neglect, or non-appear- 
ance of the plaintiff in a suit, when called in court, 
by which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the 
suit. 

NON'SuIT, v. t. To determine or record that the plaintiff 
drops his suit, on default of appearance when called in 
court 

NON'SuIT, a. Nonsuited.— Tyng's Rep. 



three kings at arms or provincial heralds. 

NORSE, n. The language of ancient Scandinavia. 

NORTH, n. [Sax. north; G., Sw., Dan. nord ; D. noord; lL 
norte ; Fr. nord.J One of the cardinal points, being that 
point of the horizon which is directly opposite to the sun 
in the meridian. 

NORTH, a. Being in the north ; as, the north polar star 

NORTH'-STaR, n. The north polar star. 

NORTH'- WIND, n The wind that blows from the north 
— Watts. 

NORTH-eAST, n. The point between the north and east, 
at an equal distance from each. 

NORTH-EAST', a. Pertaining to the northeast, or proceed- 
ing from that point. 

NORTH-eASTER-LY, a. Toward or from the northeast. 

NORTH-EASTERN, a. Pertaining to, or being in, the north- 
east, or in a direction to the northeast. 

NORTH'ER-LY, a. Being toward the north. 2. From the 
north. 

NORTH'ER-LY, adv. 1. Toward the north. 2. In a north- 
ern direction. 3. Proceeding from a northern point. 

NORTHERN, a. 1. Being in the north, or nearer to that 
point than to the east or west. 2. In a direction toward 
the north, or a point near it.— Northern lights, see Aurora 
Borealis. 

NORTHERNER, n. One a native or resident in the north 
in the United States, opposed to southerner. 

t N ORTH'ERN-L Y, adv. Toward the r orth.— HakevnU. 

NORTH'ERN-MoST, a. Situated at the point furthest 
north. , „ . . . 

NORTHING, n. Distance northward from any point of 
departure measured on a meridian. ' 

NORTH'MAN, n. ; pi. Northmen. A name given to t he m - 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, t., 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE BOOK, 



NOT 



679 



NOT 



habitants of the north of Europe, the ancient Scandinavi- 
ans ; whence Norman. 

NORTHWARD, a. [Sax. north and toeard.] Being toward 
the north. 

NORTH'WARD, adv. Toward the north.— Dryden. 

NORTHWARDLY, a. Having a northern direction. 

NORTH'WARD LY, adv. In a northern direction. 

NORTH-WEST', n. The point in the horizon between the 
north and west, and equally distant from each. 

NORTH-WEST, a. 1. Pertaining to the point between the 
north and west ; being in the northwest. 2. Proceeding 
from the northwest. 

NORTH-WESTER-LY, a. Toward or from the northwest. 

NORTH-WESTERN, a. Pertaining to or being in the north- 
west, or in a direction to the northwest. 

NOR-We'gI-AN, a. Belonging to Norway. Shakspeare has 
Norwevan. 

NOR-W£'Gl-AN, n. A native of Norway. 

NoSE, n. [Sax. nose, nase, nase ; G. nase.] 1. The promi- 
nent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consist- 
ing of two similar cavities called nostrils. 2. The end of 
any thing, as of a spout or tube. 3. Scent ; sagacity. Col- 
lier. — To lead by the nose, to lead blindly. — To be led by the 
nose, to follow another obsequiously, or to be led without 
resistance or inquiring the reason. — To thrust one's nose 
into the affairs af others, to meddle officiously in other peo- 
ple's matters ; to be a busy-body. — To put one's nose out 
of joint, to alienate the affections from another. 

NoSE, v. t. 1. To smell ; to scent.— SJiak. 2. To face ; to 
oppose to the face. — Wood. 

\ NoSE, v. i. To look big ; to bluster.— Shah. 

NoSE'-BAG, n. A bag to be tied to a horse's nose, contain- 
ing a feed of oats, maize, &c. 

NoSE'-BAND, n. That part of the headstall of a bridle 
which comes over a horse's nose. — Farm. Encyc. 

NoSE'-BLEED, n. 1. A hemorrhage or bleeding at the 
nose. 2. A plant of the genus achillea. 

NoSE'-FISH, n. A fish of the leather-mouthed kind, with 
a flat, blunt snout ; called, also, broad-snout. 

NoSE'-SMXRT, n. A plant, nasturtium ; cresses. 

NoS-ED, a. 1. Having a nose. 2. Having sagacity. 

NoSE'GaY, n. [nose, and Celtic geac] A bunch of flowers 
used to regale the sense of smelling ; a bouquet. 

NoSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a nose.— Shak. 

No'SING, n. The molding or part of the tread-board of a 
stair which projects over the riser. 

NoSE'THRIL. See Nostril. 

NOS'LE (noz'zl), n. A little nose ; the extremity of a tiling. 
See Nozzle. 

NO-SO-€OM'I€-AL, a. Relating to a hospital. 

NO-SOG'RA-PHY, n. The science of the description of dis- 



NOS-0-LOg'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to nosology, or a system- 
atic classification of diseases. 

NO-SOL'O-GlST, n. One who classifies diseases, arranges 
them in order, and gives them suitable names. 

NO-SOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. vooos and hoyos.] 1. A systematic 
arrangement or classification of diseases. 2. That branch 
of medical science which treats of the classification of dis- 
eases. 

NO-SO-PO-ETTC, a. [Gr. vooos and nouu.] Producing dis- 
eases. — Arbuthnot. [Little used.] 

NOS-TAL'Gl-A, n. [Gr. voortu) and a^yoS.] Home-sickness ; 
a species of melancholy, resulting from absence from one's 
home or country. 

NOS-TAL'Gl€, a. Pertaining to nostalgia. 

NOSTRIL, n. [Sax. noseikyrl, nasethijrl] An aperture or 
passage through the nose. The nostrils are the passages 
through which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiration. 

NOSTRUM, n. [L., from noster.] A medicine, the ingredi- 
ents of which are kept secret for the purpose of restrict- 
ing the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor ; a 
quack medicine. 

SOT, adv. [Ft. naltt or noht ; Ger. nicht ; Scot, nocht.) 1. A 
word that expresses negation, denial, or refusal. 2. With 
the substantive verb, it sometimes denies being, or denotes 
extinction of existence. 

NO'TA BE'NE. [L.] Observe well; take particular no- 
tice. 

No'TA-BLE, a. [Ft. notable ; L. notabilis.] 1. Remarkable ; 
worthy of notice ; memorable; observable; distinguished 
or noted. — 2. In Scripture, conspicuous ; sightly. 3. No- 
torious ; well-known. — Matt., xxvii. 4. Terrible. — Acts. ii. 
5. Known or apparent. — Acts, iv. 

NOT'A-BLE, a. Active; industrious; distinguished for good 
management ; as, a notable housekeeper. 

No'TA-BLE, n. 1. A person of note or distinction.— 2. In 
France, the assembly of the notables, before the revolu- 
tion, consisted of a number of persons, chiefly of the high- 
er orders, appointed by the king to constitute a represent- 
ative body of the kingdom.— Edin. Encyc. 
No'TA-BLE, n. A thing worthy of observation. — Addison. 
[Rare.] 



NoTA-BLE-NESS, ». Remarkableness. 

NOT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Bustling ; industriousness. [Rare.) 
No'TA-BLY, adv. 1. Memorably ; remarkably ; eminent- 
ly. 2. With show of consequence or importance. 

NOT'A-BLY, adv. With bustling activity ; industriously 

NO-Ta'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a notary 2. Done or 
takeji by a notary. 

NO-Ta'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a notary. 

No'TA-RY, n. [L. notarius.] 1. Primarily, a person em 
ployed to take notes of contracts, trials, and proceedings 
in courts among the Romans. — 2. In modern usage, an 
officer authorized to protest notes, &c, and attest con- 
tracts or writings of any kind, to give them the evidence 
of authenticity. 

No'TA-RY PUB'LKv, n. A notary ; one appointed to attest 
deeds and other instruments ; to protest notes, certify 
copies of agreements, &c. — Bouvier. 

NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. notatio.) 1. The act or practice of 
recording any thing by marks, figures, or characters ; par- 
ticularly applied, in mathematics, to the expression of any 
number or quantity by its appropriate figure or sign. 2. 
Meaning ; signification ; [unusual.] 

NOTCH,?i. [qu. G. knicken.] 1. A hollow cut in any thing , 
a nick ; an indentation. 2. An opening or narrow passage 
throuah a mountain or hill. [United States.] 

NOTCH, v.t. To cut in small hollows.— Pope. 

NOTCH'-BoARD, n. In architecture, the notched board 
which receives the ends of the steps in a stair-case. — 
Brande. 

NOTCH'-WEED, n. A plant called orach.— Johnson. 

NOTCHED (notcht), pp. Cut into small hollows. 

NOTCHING, ppr. Cutting into small hollows. 

NOTCHING, n. The act of cutting into small hollows , 
also, the small hollow, or hollows cut. 

tNoTE, for ne wote, knew not, or could not. — Chaucer. 

NoTE, n. [L. nota; Fr. note.] 1. A mark or token; some- 
thing by which a thing may be known ; a visible sign or 
indication. 2. A mark made in a book, indicating some 
thing worthy of particular notice. 3. A short remark ; a 
passage or explanation in the margin of a book. 4. A min- 
ute, memorandum, or short writing intended to assist the 
memory. 5. Notice ; heed. 6. Reputation ; consequence ; 
distinction ; as, persons of note. 7. State of being observ- 
ed ; [little used.] — 8. In music,*?i character which marks a 
sound, or the sound itself. 9. A sound in music ; tune ; 
voice ; harmonious or melodious sounds. 10. Abbrevia- 
tion ; symbol. 11. A short letter ; a billet. 12. Annota- 
tion ; a comment or observation on an author, usually 
placed at the bottom of the page. 13. A written or print- 
ed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising payment. 
— 14. Notes, pi., a writing ; a written discourse ; [applied 
equally to minutes or heads of a discourse or argument, or 
to a discourse fully written.] 15. A diplomatic corrununi- 
cation in writing ; an official paper sent from a minister to 
an envoy or an envoy to a minister. 

N'oTE, [for ne wote.] Did not know how to ; could not. 
Spenser. 

NoTE, v. t. [L. noto.] 1. To notice with particular care ; to 
attend to. 2. To set down in writing. 3. To charge, aa 
with a crime ; [obs.] — To note a bill or draft. This is dona 
by a notary, who, when acceptance is refused, notes the 
fact on the back, as the ground of a protest. Brande. — 
Syn. To observe ; mark ; remark ; regard ; heed ; record j 
register. 

t NoTE, v. t. [Sax. hnitan.] To butt ; to push with the 
horns. — Ray. 

NoTE'-BOQK, n. 1. A book in which memorandums are 
written. 2. A book in which notes of hand are registered. 
NoT'ED, pp. 1. Set down in writing. 2. Observed ; no- 
ticed. 3. a. Much known by reputation or report. — Syn. 
Remarkable ; eminent ; illustrious ; renowned ; celebrat- 
ed ; distinguished ; conspicuous ; famous ; notorious. 
NoT'ED-LY, adv. With observation or notice. — Shak. 
NoTED-NESS, n. Conspicuousness ; eminence ; celebrity 
NoTEL,ESS, a. Not attracting notice ; not conspicuous. 
NoTE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being noteless.— Knowles. 
NoT'ER, ii. One who takes notice ; an annotator.— Gregory. 
N5TEW6R-THY, a. Worthy of observation or notice. 

* NOTHING or NOTHING, n. [no and thing.] 1. Not any 

thing ; not any being or existence ; a word that denies the 
existence of any thing ; non-entity ; opposed to something. 
2. Non-existence ; a state of annihilation. 3. Not any 
thing ; not any particular thing, deed, or event. 4. No 
other thing ; as, nothing but this. 5. No part, portion, 
quantity, or degree. 6. No importance ; no value ; no 
use. 7. No possession of estate ; a low condition ; as, to 
grow from nothing. 8. A thing of no proportion to some 
thing, or of trifling value or advantage. 9. A trifle; a thing 
of no consideration or importance. — To make nothing of, 
to make no difficulty, or to consider as trifling, light, or un- 
important. 

* NOTHING or NOTHING, adv. In no degree ; not at sJL 

— Milton. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VX'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



NOU 



680 



NOW 



* NOTH'ING-NESS or NoTH'ING-NESS, n. 1. Nihility; non- 
existence. 2. Nothing ; a thing of no value. — Hudibras. 

NOTICE, n. [Fr. ; L. notitia.] 1. Observation by the eye 
or by the other senses. 2. Observation by the mind or in- 
tellectual power. 3. Information, by whatever means com- 
municated ; knowledge given or received. 4. A paper 
that communicates information. 5. Respectful treatment. 
6. Observation ; something said on a particular subject. — 
Syn. Attention ; regard ; remark ; note ; heed ; consider- 
ation ; respect ; civility ; intelligence ; advice ; news. 

No'TlCE, v. t. 1. To observe by the senses. 2. To pay at- 
tention or regard to. 3. To make observations on. — Tooke. 
— Hamilton. 4. To treat with attention and civilities. 5. 
To observe intellectually. — Syn. To perceive ; see ; mark ; 
note ; mind ; regard ; heed ; mention ; remark. 

No'TICE-A-BLE, a. That may be observed ; worthy of ob- 
servation. — London Quart. Rev. 

No'TlC ED (no'tist), pp. Observed ; seen ; remarked ; treat- 
ed with attention. 

No'TlC-ING, ppr. Observing ; seeing ; regarding ; remark- 
ing on ; treating with attention. 

No-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of notifying or giving no- 
tice ; the act of making known ; particularly, the act of in- 
forming officially. 2. Notice given in words or writing, or 
by signs. 3. The writing which communicates informa- 
tion ; an advertisement, citation, &c. 

No'TI-FiUD (-fide), pp. 1. Made known ; [applied to things.] 
2. Informed by words, writing, or other means ; [applied 
to persons.] 

N5'TI-FY, v. t. [Fr. notifier ; It. notificare.] 1. To make 
known ; to declare ; to publish : often with to ; as, to noti- 
fy a fact to a person. 2. To make known by private com- 
munication ; to, give information of. 3. To give notice to ; 
to inform by words or writing, in person or by message, 
or by any signs which are understood. — U. S. Journals of 
the Senate. 

No'TI-Fy-ING, ppr. Making known ; giving notice to. 

NOTING, ppr. Setting down in writing. 

No'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. notio.] 1. Conception ; mental ap- 
prehension of whatever may be known or imagined ; idea. 
2. Sentiment; opinion. 3. Sense; understanding; intel- 
lectual power ; [obs.] 4. Inclination ; [in vulgar use.] 

NoTION-AL, a. 1. Imaginary ; ideal ; existing in idea only ; 
visionary ; fantastical. — Bentley. 2. Dealing in imaginary 
things; whimsical; fanciful. 

tNo-TION-AL'I-TY, n. Empty, ungrounded opinion. 

No'TION- AL-LY, adv. In mental apprehension ; in concep- 
tion ; not in reality. — Norris. 

No'TION-IST. n. One who holds to an ungrounded opin- 
ion. — Bishop Hopkins. 

No-TO-Rl'E-TY, n. [Fr. notoriete.] 1. Exposure to the pub- 
lic knowledge ; the state of being publicly or generally 
known ; publicity. 2. Public knowledge. 

NO-To'RI-OUS, a. [It., Sp. notorio ; Fr. notoire.] 1. Public- 
ly known ■ manifest to the world ; evident ; usually, known 
to disadvantage ; hence almost always used in an ill sense. 
2. Known ; [in a good sense.] Shak. — Syn. Distinguish- 
ed ; remarkable ; conspicuous ; noted ; celebrated ; fa- 
mous ; renowned. 

NO-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Publicly ; openly ; in a manner to 
be known or manifest; beyond denial. — Swift. 

NO-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being open or known ; 
beyond denial ; notoriety. 

\ NOTT, a. [Sax. hnot.] Shorn.— Chaucer. 

tNOTT, v. t. To shear.— Stowe. 

No'TUS, n. [L.] The south wind.— Milton. 

NOTWHEAT, n. [Sax. hnot.] Wheat not bearded. 

NOT-WITH-STAND'ING, [commonly, but not correctly, 
classed among conjunctions.] The participle of loithstand, 
with not prefixed, and signifying not opposing ; neverthe- 
less. It retains, in all cases, it3 participial signification. 
This word answers precisely to the Latin non obstante, 
and both are used with nouns, or with substitutes for 
nouns, for sentences or for clauses of sentences. 

NOUGHT (nawt), [see Naught,] which is the proper spelling. 

tNOUL, n. [Sax. hnol] The top of the head. — Spenser. 

tNOULD (niild), ne would, would not. — Spenser. 

NOUN, n. [altered from L. nomen.] In grammar, a name ; 
that sound, or combination of sounds, by which a thing is 
called, whether material or immaterial. 

i N6UR'lCE, n. [Fr. nourrice.] A nurse. — Spenser. 

NOURISH (nur'ish), v. t. [Fr. nourrir.] 1. To feed and 
cause to grow ; to supply with nutriment. 2. To support ; 
to maintain by feeding. — 3. Figuratively, to supply the 
means of support and increase ; to encourage. 4. To 
Cherish ; to comfort. — James, v. 5. To nurture ; to edu- 
cate ; to instruct ; to promote growth in attainments. — 1 
Tim., iv. 

N6URISH (nur'ish), v. i. 1. To promote growth. — Bacon. 
2. To gain nourishment ; [unusual.] 

tN6UR'ISH (nur'ish), n. A nurse.— Shak. 

tf 6URISH-A-BLE (nur'ish-a-bl), a. Susceptible of nourish- 
ment. — Grew. 



N6UR'ISHjED (nur'isht), pp. Fed; supplied with nutrmv nit, 
caused to grow. 

NoUR'ISH-ER (nur'ish-er), n. The person or thing that 
nourishes. — Milton. 

NOUR'ISH-ING (nur'ish-ing), ppr. 1. Feeding ; supplying 
with aliment ; supporting with food. 2. a. Promoting 
growth; nutritious. 

NoUR'ISH-ING-LY, adv. Nutritiously ; so as to nourish. 

N6URISH-MENT (nur'ish-ment), n. 1. That which servea 
to promote the growth of animals or plants, or to repair 
the waste of animal bodies ; food ; sustenance ; nutri 
ment. 2. Nutrition ; support of animal or vegetable bod 
ies. 3. Instruction, or that which promotes growth in at 
tainments. 

N6URI-TURE. See Nurture. 

t N6URS'LE, v. t. To nurse up.—- Spenser. 

N6URS'LING. See Nursling. 

NOUS (nowse), n. The Greek word vovg, humorously used 
in England for intellect or talent. — Smart. 

t NoUS'LE ? (nuz'zl), v. t. [corrupted from nursle.] To nurse 

t NoUS'JJL J up.— Shak. 

t NoUS'LE, \ v. t. To insnare ; to entrap ; as in a noose or 

tNoUS'^L, 5 trap. 

NO-VA€'U-LlTE, n. [L. novacula.] The stone of which 
hones are made for sharpening razors ; whet-slate. 

NO-Va'TIAN, n. In Church history, one of the sect of No 
vatianus, whose aim was to deny re-admission into tha 
Church to all who had once lapsed from the faith, ever 
under the trials of persecution. 

NO-Va'TIAN-ISM, n. The opinions of the Novatians. 

NO-Va'TION. See Innovation. 

NO-Va'TOR. See Innovator. 

NOVEL, a. [L. novellus ; It. novello ; Sp. novel.] 1. New , 
of recent origin or introduction ; not ancient ; hence, un- 
usual ; strange. — 2. In the civil law, the novel constitutions 
are those which are supplemental to the code, and pos- 
terior in time to the other books. — 3. In the common ia~a 
the assize of novel disseizin is an action in which the de- 
mandant recites a complaint of the disseizin. 

NOVEL, n. 1. A new or supplemental constitution or de 
cree. [See Novel, a., No. 2.] 2. A fictitious tale or nar 
rative in prose, intended to exhibit the operation of the 
passions, and particularly of love. 

NOVEL-ISM, n. Innovation.— Dering. [Little used.] 

NOVEL-IST, n. 1. An innovator ; an assertor of novelty 
2. A writer of a novel or of novels. 3. A waiter of news 
—Tatler; [obs.] 

tNOVEL-IZE, v. i. To innovate. 

NO VEL-STUD-I£D (-stud'id), a. Studied in novels. 

NO VEL-TY, n. 1. Newness ; recentness of origin or intro 
duction. — Hooker. 2. A new or strange thing. 

NO-VEM'BER, n. [L. from novcm, nine ; the ninth month, 
according to the ancient Roman year, beginning in March.] 
The eleventh month of the year. 

* No'VEN-A-RY, n. [L. novenarius.] The number nine ; 

nine collectively. 

* No'VEN-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the number nine. 
NO-VEN'NI-AL, a. [L. novem and annus.] Done every ninth 

year. — Potter. 

NO-VER'CAL, a. [h.noverca.] Pertaining to a step-mother •; 
in the manner of a step-mother. 

NO VICE (nov'is), n. [Fr.; L.novitius.] 1. One who is new 
in any business ; one unacquainted or unskilled ; one in 
the rudiments ; a beginner. 2. One who has entered a 
religious house, as a convent or nunnery, but has not tak- 
en the vow ; a probationer. 3. One newly planted in the 
church L or one newly converted to the Christian faith. 

NO-VI-Lu'NAR, a. [L. novilunium.] Pertaining to the new 
moon. 

NO-VI"TIATE (-vish'ate), n. [Fr. noviciat.] 1. The state or 
time of learning rudiments. — 2. In religions houses, or can- 
vents, &c, a year or other time of probation for the trial 
of a novice. 3. One who is going through a novitiate, oj 
period of probation ; a novice. — Addison. 

f NO-Vl"TIOUS, a. [L. novitius.] Newly-invented. 

f NOVI-TY, n. [L. novitas.] Newness. — Brown. 

NO'VUS Ho'MO ; pi. No'vi Hom'i-nes. [L.] Among the Re 
mans, a designation of one who had raised himself from ob 
scurity to distinction without the aid of family connections 

NOW, adv. [Sax., D., Sw., Dan., Goth, nu.] 1. At the pres 
ent time. 2. A little while ago ; very lately. 3. Now— 
now, alternately ; at one time — at another time ; as, nou 
this, now that. 4. Now sometimes expresses or implies a 
connection between the subsequent and preceding propo- 
sition ; often it introduces an inference or an explanation 
of what precedes. 5. After this ; things being so.— 6. In 
supplication, it appears to be somewhat emphatical. 7. 
Now sometimes refers to a particular time past, specified 
or understood, and may be defined, at that time ; as, ha 
was now sensible of his mistake. — Now and then. 1. At one 
time and another, indefinitely ; occasionally ; not often ; at 
intervals. 2. Applied to places which appear at intervals 
or in succession. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, <fcc, long.— I i,l, &c., short.— F aR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOQK 



NUL 



681 



NUM 



NOW, n. The present time or moment. 
NOW'A-DIYS, adv. In this age.—Garrick. 

No'W\YS ( a ^ v ' f' 10 an( ^ wa y-\ ^ n no manner or degree. 

NOW'ED (noo'ed), a. [Fr. nouL] Knotted ; tied in a knot ; 
[used in heraldry.} — Encyc. 

tNoW'EL, 7i. [Fr. noel.) A shont of joy or Christmas song. 
— Chaucer. 

' NOWES (nooz), n. [Fr. nou.] The marriage knot. — Cra- 
shaw. 

NoWHERE. adv. [no and where.'] Not in any place or state. 

N0W1SE, adv. [no and wise ; often, by mistake, written no- 
ways.] Not in any mariner or degree. 

NOXIOUS (nok'shus), a. [L. noxius.] 1. Productive of in- 
jury, disease, or corruption. 2. Guilty; criminal; [little 
usedA 3. Productive of evil consequences. — Syn. Hurt- 
ful ; harmful ; injurious ; destructive ; pernicious : mis- 
chievous ; corrupting ; baneful ; unwholesome ; unfavor- 
able ; insalubrious. 

NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. Hurtfully: perniciously. 

NOX'IOUS-NESS, n. 1. Hurtfulness ; the quality that in- 
jures, impairs, or destroys ; insalubrity. 2. The quality 
that corrupts or perverts. 

NOY, 

NOY'ANCE, 

NOY'FTi 

NOY'FUL ^ S&e Annos " and Nuisance, 

NOY'OUS,' 

NOY'SANCE.J 

No'YAU (no'yo), n. [Fr.] A cordial flavored with the ker- 
nel of the bitter almond, or of the peach-stone. — Brande. 

NOZ'ZLE (nozl), n. [from nose.] The nose ; the extremi- 
ty of any thing : the snout. 

NUB'BIN, n. A small or imperfect ear of maize. [Am.] 

fNUB'BLE, v. t. [for knubble.] To beat or bruise with the 
fist — A in sworth. 

NU-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nubifer.] Bringing or producing 
clouds. — Diet. 

Nu'BILE, a. [Fr. ; L. 7:iibilis.] Marriageable; of an age 
suitable for marriage.- Prior. 

NU-BIL'I-TY, n. The eate of being marriageable.— Alex. 
Walker. 

Nu'BIL-OUS, a. [L. r,v.lilus.] Cloudy. 

NU-CIF^ER-OUS, a. [L mix and fero.] Bearing nuts. 

NU-€LE'I-FORM, a. Formed like a nut or kernel. 

Nu'€LE-US, n. [L.] 1. Properly, the kernel of a nut; but in 
usage, the central T,art of any body, or that about which 
matter is collected. 2. The body of a comet, called, also, 
its head. 

NU-D a'TION, n. [L. nudalio.] The act of stripping or mak- 
ing bare or naked. 

NUDE, a. [L. nv,i,us.] 1. Bare.— 2. In law, void ; of no 
force ; as, a mute contract or compact See Nudum Pac- 
tum. 

NU-DI-BRANOH'I-ATE, a. Pertaining to an order of mol- 
luscous animals, having no shell whatever. 

NUD6E, v. i. To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order 
to call aUen'.ton or convey an intimation. — Miss Pickering. 

NuTJl-TY'i [L. nuditas.] 1. Nakedness.— 2. Nudities, in 
the plnra 7 , .aked parts which decency requires to be con- 
cealed.- ,'. In painting and sculpture, the naked parts of 
the hutti'ji figure, or parts not covered with drapery; also, 
naked ii/ures. 

JtVDLM PA-&TUM [L.] In law, a contract made with- 
out a\,y consideration, and therefore void, or not valid ac- 
cording to the laws of the land.— Bouvier. 

NU-GAC'I-TY, n. [L. nugax.] Futility ; trifling talk or be- 
havior. — More. 

NU-G a'TION, n. [L. nugor.] The act or practice of trifling. 
— Bacon. [Little used.] 

WGA-TO-RY, a. [L. nugatorius.] 1. Trifling; vain; fu- 
tile ; insignificant.— Benlley. 2. Of no force ; inoperative ; 
ineffectual. 

NuI'SANCE, n. [Fr. nuisance.] 1. That which annoys or 
gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or 
noxious.— 2. In law, that which incommodes or annoys ; 
something that nroduces inconvenience or damage. 

NUL, in laic, signifies no. not any ; as, nul disseizin? 

NULL, v. t. [L nullus.] To annul ; to deprive of validity ; 
to destroy. [Not much used.] See Annul. 

NULL, a. [L. nullus.] Void ; of no legal or binding force or 
validity; of no efficacy ; invalid. 

[■NULL, n. Something that has no force or meaning 

NUL-LI-FI-CITION, n. The act of nullifying ; a rendering 
void and of no effect, or of no legal effect. 

\ NUL-LI-FID'I-AN, a. [L. nullus and fides.] Of no faith ; of 
no religion or honesty. — Feltham. 

NUL'LI-Fi-ED (fide;, pp. Made void. 

NUL'LI-Fl-ER, n. One who makes void ; one who main- 
tains the right to nullify a contract by one of the parties. 

NUL'LI-FY, v. t. [L. nullus and facio.] To annul; to make 
void: to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or effi- 
cacy. 



NUL'LI-PORE, n. [L. nullus, none, and porus, pore.] A 
kind of marine plant, secreting lime on its surface, and 
hence resembling coral. It was formerly considered a 
kind of zoophyte. — Dana. 

NUL'LI-TY, n. [Fr. nullite.] 1. Nothingness ; want of ex 
istence. 2. Want of legal force ; that which wants legal 
force. 

NUL'LI-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Annulling ; making void. 

NUMB (num), a. [Sax. numen.] 1. Destitute of the powe; 
of sensation and motion. 2. Producing numbness ; be 
numbing ; [obs.] — Syn. Torpid ; paralyzed ; benumbed , 
chill; motionless. 

NUMB (num), v. t. To make torpid ; to deprive of the powei 
of sensation or motion ; to deaden ; to benumb ; to stupefy. 

NUMB.ED (numd), pp. Rendered torpid. 

NUM'BER, n. [Fr. nombre; L. numerus.] 1. A unit, con 
sidered in reference to other units, or in reckoning, count- 
ing, enumerating. 2. An assemblage of two or more units. 
3. More than one ; many. 4. Multitude. — 5. In poetry, meas- 
ure ; the order and quantity of syllables constituting feet, 
which render verse musical to the ear. — In prose, there is 
also an arrangement of words and syllables which consti- 
tutes number, giving it a remote resemblance to the flow of 
poetic numbers. 6. Poetry; verse. — 7. In grammar, the 
difference of termination or form of a word, to express 
unity or plurality. — Cardinal numbers, in mathematics, are 
those which express the amount of units ; as, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 
6, 7, 8, 9, 10. — Ordinal numbers, are those which express 
order ; as, first, second, third, fourth, &c. — Golden num- 
ber, see Golden. 

NUM'BER, v. t. [L. numero.] 1. To ascertain the units of 
any sum, collection, or multitude. 2. To reckon as one of 
a collection or multitude ; as, " he was numbered with the 
transgressors." 7s., liii. — Syn. To count ; enumerate ; cal- 
culate; tell. 

NUM'BER.ED, pp. Counted; enumerated. 

NUM'BER-ER, n. One who numbers. 

t NUM'BER-FUL, a. Many in number ; numerous. 

NUM'BER-ING, ppr. Counting ; ascertaining the unite of a 
multitude or collection. 

NUM'BER-LESS, a. That can not be counted ; countless , 
innumerable. — Milton. 

NUM'BERS, n. The title of the fourth book of the Penta 
teuch. 

NUMBING (num'ming), ppr. or a. Making torpid. 

NUM'BL JtS, n. pi. [Fr. noinbles.] The entrails of a deer. 

NUMB'NESS (num'nes), n. Torpor; that state of a living 
body in which it has not the power of feeling. 

Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. numerabilis.] That may be num- 
bered or counted. 

Nu'MER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. numeralis.] 1. Pertaining to num- 
ber ; consisting of number. 2. Expressing number ; rep- 
resenting number ; standing as a substitute for figures ; 
numerical. 3. Expressing numbers. 

Nu'MER-AL, n. A figure or character used to express D 
number ; as, the Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3, &c. 

Nu'MER-AL-LY, adv. According to number ; in number. 

Nu'MER-A-RY, a. Belonging to a certain number. 

NO'MER-aTE, v. t. In arithmetic, to divide off" and read ac- 
cording to the rules of numeration. 

Nu'MER-A-TED, pp. Divided off and read, as figures. 

Nu'MER-A-TING, ppr. Dividing off and reading, as figures. 

NU-MER- A'TION, n. [L. numeratio.} 1. The act or art of 
numbering. — 2. In arithmetic, the act or art of dividing off 
a series of figures according to their values and expressing 
them in words. 

Nu'MER-a-TOR, n. [L.J 1. One who numbers.— 2. In arith- 
metic, the number in vulgar fractions ♦which shows how 
many parts of a unit are taken. 

NU-MERTG, la. [It. numerico ; Fr. numerique.] 1. Be- 

NU-MER'IC-AL, J longing to number ; denoting number ; 
consisting in numbers. — 2. Numerical difference is a differ- 
ence in respect to number. Thus, there may be a numer- 
ical difference between things which, in other respects, are 
not distinguishable. 

NU-MER'I€-AL-LY, adv. 1. In numbers. 2. With respect 
to number or sameness in number. 

t NO'MER-IST, n. One who deals in numbers. 

t NU-MER-OS'I-TY, n. The state of being numerous ; han. 
mony; flow. 

Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L. numerosus.] 1. Being many, or con 
sisting of a great number of individuals. 2. Consisting of 
regular numbers ; melodious ; musical. 

NC'MER-OUS-LY, adv. In great mupbers. 

Nu'MER-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being numerous 
or many ; the quality of consisting of a great number oi 
individuals. 2. The quality of consisting of poetic num- 
bers ; melodiousness ; musicalness. 

NU-MIS-MAT'IC, a. [L. numisma.] Pertaining to money, 
coin, or medals. 

NU-MIS-MAT'I€S, n. The science of coins and medals. 

NU-MIS-MA-TOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in the knowledge 
of coins and medals. 



D6VE— BULL, UNITE;— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; cH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



NUT 



682 



NYM 



NU-MIS-MA-TOL'O-cJY, to. [Gr. .outtjua and Aoyo?.] The 
branch of historical science which treats of corns and 
medals. 

NUM'MU-LAR, a. [L. ?iummus.] Pertaining to coin or 
money. 

NUM'MU-LlTE, to. [L, nummus.] A fossil of a flattened 
form, resembling a small coin. 

NUM-MU-LIT'IC, a. Composed of or containing nummu- 
lites. 

t NUMPS, n. A dolt ; a blockhead.— Parker. 

NUM'SKULL, to. [numb and skull] A dunce; a dolt; a 
stupid fellow. — Prior. 

NUM'SKULL.ED, a. Dull in intellect ; stupid ; doltish. 

NUN, 7i. [Sax., Dan. nunne ; D. non ; G. nonne ; Sw. nunna ; 
Fr. nonne.] A woman devoted to a religious life, and who 
lives in a cloister or nunnery. 

NUN, n. 1. White nun is a provincial name of the smew, 
a web-footed water-fowl of the size of a duck, with a 
white head and neck. 2. The blue titmouse. 

NUN'CHION, n. A portion of food taken between meals. 

NUN'CIA-TURE (nun'sha-ture), n. The office of a nuncio. 

NUN'CIO (nun'sho), n. [It. nunzio ; L. nuncius.] 1. An em- 
bassador from the pope to an emperor or king. His en- 
voy to small states and republics is called an internuncio. 
Encyc. Am. — 2. A messenger ; one who brings intelligence. 

t NUN'€U-PaTE, v. t. [L. nuncupo.] To declare publicly or 
solemnly. — Barrow. 

NUN-€U-Pa'TION, n. A naming.— Chaucer. 

NUN-€u'P A-Tl VE, I a. [It. nuncupativo ; Fr. nuncupatif.] 

NUN-€u'PA-TO-RY, ) 1. Nominal ; existing only in name. 
2. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. 3. Verbal ; not writ- 
ten. — Nuncupative will, in law, a will orally made by the 
testator. — Brande. 

NUN'DI-NAL, ? a. [L. nundinalis.] 1. Pertaining to a fair 

NUNTDI-NA-RY, 5 or to a market-day.— -2. A nundinal let- 
ter, among the Romans, was one of the eight first letters 
of' the alphabet, which were repeated successively from 
the first to the last day of the year. 

NUN'DI-NAL, n. A nundinal letter. 

\ NUN'DI-NITE, v. i. To buy and sell at fairs. 

f NUN-DI-NX'TION, n. Traffic in fairs. 

NUN-Na'TION, n. In Arabic grammar, from the name of 
2V, the pronunciation of n at the end of words. 

NUN'NE-RY, n. A house in which nuns reside. 

NUN'NISH-NESS, n. The habits or manners of nuns.— Fox. 

NUPTIAL (nup'shal), a. [L. Nuptialis.] 1. Pertaining to mar- 
riage ; done at a wedding. 2. Constituting marriage. 

NUP'TIALS, n. pi. Marriage, which see. — Dryden. 

NURSE (nurs), n. [Fr. nourrice.] 1. A woman that has the 
care of infants, or a woman employed to tend the children 
of others. 2. A woman who suckles infants. 3. A woman 
who has the care of a sick person. 4. A man who has the 
care of the sick. 5. A person who breeds, educates, or 
protects ; hence, that which breeds, brings up, or causes 
to grow. 6. An old woman ; [in contempt.] 7. The state 
of being nursed. — 8. In composition^ that which supplies 
food. — 9. In horticulture, a shrub or tree which protects a 
young -plant— Gardner. 

NURSE (nurs), v. t. 1. To tend, as infants. 2. To suckle ; 
to nourish at the breast. 3. To attend and take care of in 
child-bed. 4. To tend the sick. 5. To feed ; to maintain ; 
to bring up.— 7s., lx. 6. To cherish ; to foster ; to encour- 
age ; to promote growth in. 7. To manage with care and 
economy, with a view to increase. 

NURS.ED (nurst), pp. Tended in infancy or sickness ; nour- 
ished from the breast ; maintained ; cherished. 

NURS'ER, n. One who cherishes or encourages growth. 

NURS'ER-Y, to. 1. The place or apartment in a house ap- 
propriated to the care of children. 2. A plantation of 
young trees. 3. The place where any thing is fostered 
and the growth promoted. 4. That which forms and ed- 
ucates. 5. The act of nursing; [little used.] 6. That 
which is the object of a nurse's care. — Milton. 

NURSING, ppr. Tending ; nourishing at the breast ; edu- 
cating; maintaining. 

NURS'LING, 7i. 1. An infant ; a child. 2. One who is 
nm-sed. 

NURTURE, 7i. [Fr. nourriture.] 1. That which nourishes ; 
food ; diet. 2. That which promotes growth ; education ; 
instruction. 

NURTURE, v. t. 1. To feed ; to nourish. 2. To educate ; 
to bring or train up. — Wotton. 

NURTURED, pp. Nourished; educated; trained up. 

NUS'TLE (nusl), v. t. To fondle ; to cherish.— Ainsworth. 

NUT, 7i. [Sax. hnut.] 1. The fruit of certain trees and 
shrubs, consisting of a hard shell inclosing a kernel. 2. A 
email block of metal or wood containing a concave or fe- 
male screw ; call -d, also, a burr. 3. The projection near 
the eye of an anchor. 
NUT, v. i To gather nuts.— Wood. 

NUT'-BREaK-ER, 7i. The European nuthatch. See Nut- 
hatch. 
NUT-BROWN, a. Brown as a nut long kept and dried. 



NUT-CRACK-ER, n. 1. An instrument tor cracking nuts 

2. A European bird of the crew family, which feeds on 

nuts, insects, &c. 
NUT-GALL, 7i. An excrescence of me oak. See Gaix. 
NUT-HATCH, ti. The common name of birds of the genua 

sitta, somewhat allied in their habits to the woodpeckers, 

and living on nuts, insects, &c. 
NUT-HOOK, 7i. A pole with a hook at the end to pull 

down boughs for gathering the nuts ; also, the name given 

to a thief who stole goods from a window by means of a 

hook. — Shak. 

NUT-PECKER } n - The European nut-hatch. 

NUT-SHELL, ti. 1. The hard shell of a nut ; the covering 
of the kernel. 2. A thing of little compass or of little 
value. 

NUT-TREE, 7i. A tree that bears nuts. 

Nu'TANT, a. [L. nutans.] Nodding ; having the top bent 
downward. 

NU-Ta'TION, ti. [L. nutatio.] In astronomy, a vibratory 
motion of the earth's axis, arising from periodical fluctua- 
tions in the obliquity of the ecliptic. — Olmsted. 

NUTMEG, 7i. [L. nux moschata.] The aromatic kernel of 
the fruit of the myristica moschata, a tree growing princt 
pally in the islands of Banda, in the East Indies. 

ND'TRI-A, 7i. [Sp. nutria, otter.] In commerce, the name 
given to the skins of the myopotamus bonarieusis, a native 
of South America, resembling the beaver, but smaller. — 
Nutria fur is largely used in the hat manufacture. — 
M' Culloch. 

t NU-TRI-CA'TION, n. Manner of feeding or being fed. 

Nu'TRI-ENT, a. [L. nutrio.] Nourishing ; promoting growth. 

Nu'TRI-ENT, ti. Any substance which nourishes by pro 
moting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies, 
— Darwin. 

Nu'TRI-MENT, ti. [L. nutrimentum.] 1. That which cour 
ishes; food; aliment. 2. That which promotes en.arge 
ment or improvement. 

NU-TRI-MENTAL, a. Having the qualities of food ; ali- 
mental. 

NU-TRf"TION (-trish'un), n. [L. nutritio.] 1. The act or 
process of promoting the growth or repairing the waste 
of animal bodies ; the act or process of promoting growth 
in vegetables. 2. That which nourishes ; nutriment. 

NU-TRI"TIOUS (-trish'us), a. Nourishing ; promoting tha 
growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies. 

NU-TRl"TIOUS-LY, adv. In a nutritious manner. 

NuTRI-TIVE, a. Having the quality of nourishing ; nutri 
mental ; alimental. 

Nu'TRI-TlVE-LY, adv. So as to nourish ; nutritiously. 

NOTRLTIVE-NESS, } n ' The quality ° f nourishin g- 

NUT'TALL-lTE, n. ' [from Prof. Nuttall] A mineral oc- 
curring at Bolton, Massachusetts, in prismatic crystals ; 
supposed by some to be identical with scapolite. — Dana. 

NUTTING, ti. The act of gathering nuts. 

NUTTING, ppr. or a. Gathering nuts. 

NUX VOM'I-CA, ti. [L.J The fruit of a tree of the genua 
strychnos, growing in the East Indies. It is a very virulent 
poison. 

NUZ'ZLE, v. t. To suckle ; to foster or nurse up. [ Vulgar.] 

NUZ'ZLE, v. i. [qu. from Tiose or noursle.] To hide the 
head, as a child in the mother's bosom. — Bailey. 

NUZ'ZLE, v. t. To nestle ; to house, as in a nest. 

NUZ'ZLE, v. i. [from Tiose.] 1. To work with the nose like a 
swine in mud, &c. 2. To go with the nose thrust out and 
down like a swine. — Pope. 

NYC-TA-Lo'PI-A, ) n. [Gr. vvKraXwma.] A disease in which 

NYCTA-Lo-PY, > vision is painfully acute in a strong 
light, but clear and pleasant in a dark shade or in the dusk 
of the evening. — Good. 

NYC'TA-LOPS, 7i. [Gr. vvKra^ip.] One afflicted with nyc- 
talopia. 

NyE, ti. A brood or flock of pheasants. 

NYL'GHAU, ^ to. A ruminant mammal of the caprid tribe, 

NYL'GAU, V about the size of a stag, inhabiting North- 

NEEL'GHAU, ) em India. The horns of the male are 
short, and bent forward. 

NYMPH (nimf), to. [L. nympha; Gr. vvu<pn.] 1. In mytholo- 
gy, a goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or wa 
ters. — 2. In poetry, a lady. 

NYMPH, > to. Another name of the pupa, chrysalis, or atu 

NYMPHA, j relia. 

NYMPHLy! KE ' } a. Resembling nymphs. 
NYMPH-E'AN (nimf-e'an), a. Pertaining to nymphs ; inhab 

ited by nymphs. — Faber. 
NYMPH'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to nymphs. 
NYMPH-IP'A-ROUS, a. [L. nympha and pario.] Producing 

nymphs. 
NYMPH'ISH, a. Relating to nymphs ; lady-like.— Drayton. 
NYMPH-O-Ma'NI-A, to. Morbid and incontrollable sexual 

desire in females, breaking the bounds of modest demean- 



Synopsis. 2,2,1, &c, long.— 1, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



OBB 



683 



OBE 



or , a true and proper disease, which is no more under 

the control of the will than tetanus. 
NYS. [ne and is.] None is ; ia not. — Spenser. 
NYS-TAG'MUS, n. [Gr. warayuos.] A winking of the eyes, 

as observed in a drowsy person. —Brande. 



O. 



Ois the fifteenth letter, and the fourth vowel, in the En- 
glish alphabet. It has a long sound, as in tone, hone, 
roll, droll ; a short sound, as in lot, plod, rod ; and the sound 
of oo, or the Italian u, and French ou, as in move, prove. 
This sound is shortened in words ending in a close artic- 
ulation, as in book, foot. 

As a numeral, O was sometimes used by the ancients for 11, 
and, with a dash over it, o, for 11,000. 

Among the Irish, O, prefixed to the name of a family, denotes 
progeny, or is a character of dignity ; as, O'Neil. 

O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a wish ; as, O, 
were he present. — Dryden. 

O. S. stands for old style. 

OAD, for Woad. [Not used.] 

OAF (ofe), n. [said to be a corruption of ouph.] 1. A change- 
ling ; a foolish child left by fairies in the place of another. 
2. A dolt ; an idiot ; a blockhead. 

OAF'ISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish. [Little used.) 

GAFQSH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness ; folly. [Rare.] 

OAK (oke), n. [Sax. ac, cec] A tree of the genus quercus, of 
many species, much used for ship-building, architecture, 
and other purposes which require strength and durability. 

OAK'-AP-PLE (6ke'-ap-pl), n. A kind of spongy excres- 
cence on oak leaves or tender branches, <fec. ; called, also, 
oak-leaf g all. 

OAK'-BaRK, n. The bark of the oak-tree, which is pre- 
ferred to all others for the purposes of tanning. 

5AK o'P-EN-ING, n. A term applied in the Western States 
to openings, or thinly-wooded spaces in oak forests, free 
from underwood, and resembling an English park. 

OAK'EN (6'kn). a. 1. Made of oak, or consisting of oak. 2. 
Composed of branches of oak.— Addison. 

0AK'£N-PIN, n. An apple ; so called from its hardness. 

OAK'LING, n. A young oak. — Evelyn. 

oAK/UM, n. [Sax. acemba, acumbe.] The substance of old 
ropes untwisted and pulled into loose hemp, employed for 
calking, &c. 

OAK'Y, a. [from oak.] Hard ; firm ; strong. — Hall. 

OAR (ore), n. [Sax. ar.] An instrument for rowing boats. — 
To boat the oars, in seamenship, to cease rowing and lay the 
oars in the boat. — To ship the oars, to place them in the 
row-locks. — To unship the oars, to take them out of the 
row-locks. 

OAR, v. i. To row. — Tope. 

OAR, v. t. To impel by rowing. — Shak. 

OAR'-FOOT-ED, a. Having feet for oars, as certain animals. 

0AR.ED, pp. 1. Impelled by rowing. 2. a. Furnished with 
oars ; [used in composition ; as, a four-oared boat] 

OARS'MAN, n. One who rows at the oar. 

6 AR'Y, a. Having the form or use of an oar. — Milton. 

O'A-SIS, n. ; pi. Oases. [L.] A fertile spot in a sandy or bar- 
ren desert*; particularly applied to such spots watered by 
springs in the deserts of Egypt and other parts of Africa. 

OST ' \ n ' ^ u ' ^ r ' eaTla > or k- ustus.] A kiln to dry hops 

DTI^T S or ma ^- — Mortimer. 

OAT, n. [Sax. ate.] A plant of the genus avena. The word 
is commonly used in the plural, oats. The meal of this 
grain, oat-meal, forms a considerable and very valuable ar- 
ticle of food for man in Scotland, and every where oats 
are excellent food for horses and cattle. 

0AT-€aKE, n. A cake made of the meal of oats. 

OAT-MALT, n. Malt made of oats.— Mortimer. 

OAT'-MeAL, n. 1. Meal of oats produced by grinding or 
pounding. — Gay. 2. A plant ; [obs.] 

t OAT-THIS-TLE (,-thisl), n. A plant.— Ainsworth. 

OATS N (of n), a. 1. Made of oat-meal; -at, oaten cakes. 2. 
Consisting of an oat straw or stem ; as, an oaten pipe. — 
Milton. 

OATH, n. [Sax. ath.] A solemn affirmation or declaration, 
made with an appeal to God for the truth of what is af- 
firmed. 

OATH'-BREaK-ING, n. The violation of an oath ; perjury. 

\ OATH'A-BI.E, a. Capable of having an oath administered to. 

OB, a Latin preposition, signifies, primarily, in front, before, 
and hence, against, toward ; as in objicio, to object, that 
Is, to throw against. It has also the force of in or on ; as 
jn obtrude, to thrust on. — In composition, the letter b is oft- 
en chanaed into the first letter of the word to which it is 
prefixed . ; as in occasion, offer, oppose. 

fOB-AM'BU-LXTE, v. i. [L. obambulo.] To walk about 

*OB-AM-BU-La'TION, n. A walking about.— Diet. 
OB-BLI-GA'TO.a. [It.] Literally, bound or confined; a mu- 



sical term applied to a composition or movement written 
expressly for the instrument named; and also to a move- 
ment restrained by certain rules to a particular passage. 

OB-CON'IC, > a. [ob and conic] In botany, conical, but 

OB-€ON'I€-AL, j having the apex downward. 

OB-€ORD'ATE, a. [L. ob and cor.] In botany, shaped like 
a heart, with the apex downward. 

OB-DOR-Mi"TION (-mish'un), n. [L. obdormio.] Sleep ; 
sound sleep. — Hall. [Little used.] 

OB-D0CE', v. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over, as a covering 
— Hale. [Little used.] 

t OB-DUCT, v. t. [L. ohduco.] To draw over; to cover. 

OB-DUC'TION, n. [L. obductio.] The act of drawing over, 
as a covering ; the act of laying over. [Little used.] 

* OBTJU-RA-CY or OB-Du'RA-CY, n. Invincible hardnesi 

of heart; impenitence that can not be subdued; inflexible 
persistency in sin ; obstinacy in wickedness. 

* OB'DU-RATE or OB-Du'RATE, a. [L. obduro.] 1. Hard- 
ened in heart ; persisting obstinately in sin or impenitence. 
2. Hardened against good or favor. 3. Harsh ; rugged ; 
[rare.] Swift.— Syn. Hard ; firm ; unbending ; inflexible ; 
unyielding ; stubborn ; obstinate ; impenitent ; callous ; 
unfeeling ; insensible ; unsusceptible. 

t OB'DU-RaTE, v. t. To harden.— More. 

* OB'DU-RATE-LY or OB-DO'RATE-LY, adv. Stubbornly 
inflexibly ; with obstinate impenitence. 

* OB'DU-RATE-NESS or OB-DCRATE-NESS, n. Stub- 
bornness ; inflexible persistence in sin. 

OB-DU-Ra'TION, n. The hardening of the heart ; hardness 
of heart ; stubbornness. — Hooker. 

OB-DuRE', v. t. [L. obduro.] 1. To harden; to render ob- 
stinate in sin ; [rare.] 2. To render inflexible ; [rare.] 

OB-DUR.ED' (ob-durdO, pp. or a. Hardened ; inflexible ; im- 
penitent. 

OB-DuRED'NESS (ob-durd'nes), n. Hardness of heart, 

_ stubbornness. [Little itsed.) 

o'BE-AH, n. A species of witchcraft practiced among the 
African negroes. — Encyc. Am. 

' O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. obedicntia.] Compliance with 
a command, prohibition, or known law and rule of duty 
prescribed ; the performance of what is required or en- 
joined by authority, or the abstaining from what is pro- 
hibited, in compliance with the command of prohibition. 
Obedience is not synonymous with obsequiousness ; the 
latter often implying meanness or servility, and obedience 
being merely a proper submission to authority. 

* O-BE'DI-ENT, a. [L. obediens.j Yielding compliance with 
commands, orders, or injunctions ; performing what is le 
quired, or abstaining from what is forbid. — Syn. Dutiful , 
respectful ; compliant ; observant ; regardful ; subservi 
ent ; submissive ; obsequious. 

* O-BE-DI-EN'TIAL, a. [Fr. obedienciel.] According to the 
rule of obedience; in compliance with commands. 

* O-Be'DI-ENT-LY, adv. With obedience ; with due sub- 
mission to commands. — Tillotson. 

* O-BeI'SANCE or O-BEI'SANCE, n. [Fr. obeissance.] A 
bow or courtesy ; an act of reverence made by an incli- 
nation of the body or the knee. 

O-BeI'SANT or O-BEI'SANT, a. Reverent; submissive. 

OB-E-LIS'€AL, a. In the form of an obelisk.— Stukeley. 

OBTE-LISK, n. [L. obeliscus.] 1. A tall four-sided pillar, 
gradually tapering as it rises, and cut off at the top in the 
form of a flat pyramid. The shaft is properly made of 
one entire stone, as in the Egyptian obelisks. — 2. In writing 
and printing, a reference or mark referring the reader to 
a note in the margin, thus, t. It is used, also, for designa- 
ting obsolete words, or for other purposes. 

OB'E-LlZE, n. To designate with an obelus ; to mark as 
doubtful or spurious. 

OB'E-LUS, n. [Gr. oSeios.] In ancient manuscripts, a mark 
thus, — , or -r-, so called from its resemblance to a needle. 
It was used by Origen in his Hexapla to mark passages of 
the Septaagint which are not in the Hebrew. 

t OB-EQ'UI-TaTE, v. i. [L. obequito.] To ride about. 

I OB-EQ-UI-TaTION, n, The act of riding about. 

OB'E-RON, n. The king of the fairies. See Shakspeare's 
Midsummer Night's Bream. 

OB-ER-RI'TION, n. [L. oberro.] The act of wandering 
about — Johnson. [Little iised.] 

O-BeSE', a. [L. obesus.] Fat ; fleshy. [Little used.] 

O-BeSE'NESS, \n. [L. obesitas.] Excessive fatness; flesh- 

O-BES'I-TY, ) iness ; encumbrance of flesh. 

O-BEY' (o-ba'), v. t. [Fr. obeir.] 1. To comply with the 
commands, orders, or instructions of a superior, or with 
the requirements of law. 2. To submit to the government 
of; to be ruled by. — 3. Figuratively, to submit to the di- 
rection or control of; as, a vessel obeys her helm. 4. To 
yield to the impulse, power or operation of. 

0-BEY.ED' (o-bade / ), pp. Complied with ; performed ; as a 
command ; yielded to. 

O-BEY'ER, n. One who yields obedience. 

O-BEYTNG (o-ba'ing), ppr. Complying with commands 
submitting to. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.- -€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; Til >is in this, t Obsolete 



OBL 



684 



OBN 



O-BEYING-LY, adv. Obediently ; in a submissive manner. 

1 OB-FiRM', \ v. t. To make firm ; to harden in resolu- 

f OB-FiRM'ITE, 5 tion.— Hall. 

QB-FUS'GITE, u t. [L. ob and fusco.] To darken; to ob- 
scure. — Water nouse. 

OB-FUS'Ga-TED, pp. Darkened in color.— Shenstom. 

QB-FUS'Ga-TING, ppr. Darkening; obscuring. 

OB-FUS-GI'TION, n. The act of darkening or rendering 
obscure; the state of being darkened; a clouding. 

OB'IT, n. [L. obiit, obivit.] Properly, death ; decease ; hence, 
funeral solemnities. Also, an anniversary service for the 
soul of the deceased on the day of his death. 

OB'I-TER. [L.] In passing; incidentally ; as, obiter dictum, 
a thing incidentally said. 

O-BIT'U-AL, a. [L. obitus.] Pertaining to obits, or the days 
when funeral solemnities are celebrated.— Encyc. 

Q-BIT'U-A-RI-LY, adv. As an obituary. 

O-BIT'U-A-RY (o-bifyu-a-re), n. [Fr. obituaire.] 1. An ac- 
count of a person or persons deceased. — 2. In the Roman 
Catholic Church, a list of the dead, or a register of obitual 
anniversary days, when service is performed for the dead. 

O-BIT'U-A-RY, a. Relating to the decease of a person. 

OB'JEGT, n. [Fr. objet; L. objectum.] 1. That about which 
any power or faculty is employed, or something appre- 
hended or presented to the mind by sensation or imagina- 
tion. 2. That to which the mind is directed for accom- 
■ plishment or attainment; end ; ultimate purpose. 3. Some- 
CNng presented to the senses or the mind, to excite emo- 
tion, affection, or passion. — 4. In grammar, that which is 
produced, influenced, or acted on by something else ; that 
which follows a transitive verb. 

QB-JEGT, v. t. [L. objicio.] 1. To oppose ; to present in 
opposition. 2. To present or offer in opposition. 3. To 
offer ; to exhibit ; [little used.] 

OB-JEGT', v. i. To oppose in words or arguments ; to offer 
reasons against. 

\ OB-JE€T, a. Opposed ; presented in opposition. 

OB'JECT-GLISS, n. In a telescope or microscope, the glass 
placed at the end of a tube next the object. 

OB-JEGTA-BLE, a. That may be opposed.— Taylor. 

OB-JEGT'ED, pp. Opposed in words ; offered reasons 
against. 

OB-JEGTING, ppr. Opposing ; offering reasons against 

OB-JEG'TION, n. [L. objectio.) 1. The act of objecting. 2. 
That which is presented in opposition ; adverse reason or 
argument. 3. That which may be offered in opposition ; 
reason existing, though not offered, against a measure or 
an opinion. 4. Criminal charge ; fault found. — Syn. Ex- 
ception; difficulty; doubt; scruple. 

OB -JE€'TION-A-BLE, a. Justly liable to objections ; such 
as may be objected against. 

OB-JEGT'lVE, a. [Fr. objectif.] Literally, pertaining or re- 
lating to an object. Hence, 1. In philosophy, an epithet 
applied to whatever is exterior to the mind, or is the ob- 
ject of thought or feeling ; outward ; external. It is op- 
posed to subjective, which see for a fuller explanation. — 2. 
In grammar, the objective case is that which follows and 
depends on a transitive verb or a preposition. 

OB-JEGTlVE-LY, adv. 1. In an objective manner.— Locke. 
2. In the. state of an object. — Brown. 

OB-JEGT'iVE-NESS, n. The state of being objective. 

OB-JEG-TIV'I-TY, n. The state of being objective. 

OB'JEGT-LESS, a. Having no object— Coleridge. 

OB-JEGT'OR, n. One who objects ; one who offers argu- 
ments or reasons in opposition to a proposition or meas- 
ure. 

t OB-JUR'GITE, v. t. [L. objurgo.} To chide ; to reprove. 

OB-JUR-GI'TION, n. [L. objurgatio.] The act of chiding 
by way of censure ; reproof; reprehension. [Little used/] 

OB-JUR'GA-TO-RY, a. Containing censure or reproof; cul- 
patory. — Howell. [Little used.] 

OB-LITE', a. [L. oblatus.] In geometry, flattened or de- 
pressed at the poles ; used of a spheroid. — Cheyne. 

OB-LITE'NESS, n. The quality or state of being oblate. 

OB-La'TION, n. [L. ablatio.] 1. Any thing offered or pre- 
sented in worship or sacred service ; an offering ; a sacri- 
fice. — 2. In the early Christian Church, a gift or contribu- 
tion for the expense of the eucharist or the support of the 
clergy and the poor. — Hook. 

{ OB-LI'TION-ER, n. One who makes an offering as an act 
of worship or reverence. 

\ OB-LEG'TITE, v. t. [L. oblecto.] To delight. 

OB-LEG-TITION, n. The act of pleasing highly ; delight. 

OB'LI-GaTE, v. t. [L. obligo.] To bind, as one's self, in a 
moral and legal sense ; to impose on, as a duty which the 
law orgood faith may enforce. — Churchill. 

OB'LI-Ga-TED, pp. Bound by contract or promise. 

OBL1-G a-TING, ppr. Binding by covenant, contract, prom- 
ise, or bond. 

OB-LIGa TION, n. [L. obligation 1. The binding power 
of a vow, promise, oath, or contract, or of law, civil, polit- 
ical, or moral, independent of a promise ; that which con- 
stitutes legal or moral duty, and which renders a person 



liable to coercion and punishment for neglecting it. 2 
The binding force of civility, kindness, or gratitude, when 
the performance of a duty can not be enforced by law. 
3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do some- 
thing to or for another, or to forbear something. — 4. In 
law, a bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty for 
non-fulfillment. 
OB-LI-Ga'TO. See Obbligato. 

* OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Binding in law or conscience ; im- 
posing duty; requiring perfonnance or forbearance of 
someact 

*0-BLlGE', v. t. [Fr. obliger; L. obligo.] 1. To constrain 
by necessity or physical force. 2. To constrain by legal 
force. 3. To constrain by moral force. 4. To constrain 
by a sense of propriety, honor, or duty. 5. To do a favor 
to ; to lay under obligation of gratitude. 6. To do a favor 
to ; to aftbrd gratification to. 7. To bring under obliga- 
tion.— Syn. To bind; compel; force; necessitate; obli- 
gate^ favor; gratify; please. 

* O-BLiGJED' (o-blijdO, pp. Bound in duty or in law ; com 

pelled ; constrained ; favored ; indebted. 
OB-LI-GEE', n. The person to whom another is bound, or 
the person to whom a bond is given. 

* 0-BLIGE'MENT. u. Obligation.— Dryden. [Little used.] 

* O-BLl'GER 71. One who obliges. 

* O-BLl'GlNG, ppr. 1. Binding in law or conscience ; com 

pelling ; constraining. 2. Doing a favor to. 

* O-BLl'GlNG, a. [Fr. obligeant.] Having the disposition to 

do favors, or actually conferring them. — Syn. Civil ; com- 
plaisant; courteous; kind. 

* O-BLl'GlNG-LY, adv. With civility ; kindly ; complai- 

santly. 

* O-BLl'GlNG-NESS, n. 1. Obligation ; [little used.] 2. Ci- 

vility ; complaisance ; disposition to exercise kindness. 

OB-LI-GOR', n. The person who binds himself or gives hie 
bond to another. — Blackstone. 

OB-LI-QUI'TION, n. [L. obliquo.] 1. Declination from a 
straight line or course ; a turning to one side. 2. Devia- 
tion from moral rectitude. 

*OB-LlO.UE' (ob-like' or ob-leek'), a. [L. obliquus ; Fr. ob 
lique.] 1. Deviating from a right line ; not direct ; not 
perpendicular ; nc^t parallel ; aslant Every angle, except 
a right angle, is an oblique angle. 2. Indirect ; by a side 
glance. Shak. — 3. In grammar, an oblique case is any caae 
except the nominative. 

* OB-LlQUE'-AN"GL.ED, a. Having oblique angles. 

* OB-LlQ,UE'LY, adv. 1. In a line deviating from a right 

line ; not directly ; not perpendicularly. 2. Indirectly ; 
by a side glance ; by an allusion ; not in the direct or plain 
meaning. 

* OB-LlQUE'NESS (ob-like'nes), n. Obliquity. 
OB-LIQ'UI-TY (ob-lik'we-te), n. [L. obliquitas ; Fr. obliquitl] 

1. Deviation from a right line ; deviation from parallelism 
or perpendicularity. 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. 
3. Irreirularity ; deviation from ordinary rules. 

OB-LIT'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. oblitero.] 1. To efface ; to ex- 
punge ; to cancel ; to erase or blot out any thing written ; 
or to efface any thing engraved. 2. To efface ; to wear 
out ; to destroy by time or other means. 3. To reduce to 
a very low or imperceptible state. 

OB-LIT 'ER-I-TED, pp. or a. Effaced ; erased ; worn out. 

OB-LIT'ER-I-TING, ppr. Effacing ; wearing out ; destroy- 
ing. 

OB-LIT-ER-I'TION, n. The act of effacing ; effacement ; r, 
blotting out or wearing out ; extinction. — Hale. 

OB-LIVI-ON, 77. [L. oblivio.] 1. Forgetfulness ; cessation 
of remembrance. 2. A forgetting of offenses, or remission 
of punishment ; amnesty. 

OB-LIV'I-OUS, a. [L. obliviosus.] 1. Causing forgetfulness 
— Shak. 2. Forgetful. — Cavendish. 

OB-LI VI-OUS-LY, adv. In an oblivious manner ; forgetfully. 

t OB-LOCU-TOR, n. A gainsayer.— Bull. 

OB'LONG, a. [Fr. ; L. oblongus.] Longer than broad. 

OBLONG, n. 1. A figure which is longer than it is broad. 
— 2. In geometry, a rectangle which is longer than it is 
broad. 

OB'LONG-o'VATE, a. In botany, between oblong and ovate, 
but inclined to the latter. — Martyn. 

OBLONG-ISH, a. Somewhat oblong. 

OB'LONG-LY, adv. In an oblong form. — Cheyne. 

OB'LONG-NESS, n. The state of being longer than broad. 

OB-Lo'QUI-OUS, a. Containing obloquy ; reproachful. 
[Rare.] 

OB'LO-QUY, n. [L. obloquor.] 1. Censorious speech; re- 
proachful language ; language that casts contempt on men 
or their actions. 2. Cause of reproach ; disgrace ; [obs.] 
—Syn. Reproach; odium; censure; contumely; gainsay- 
ing; revilins; calumny; slander; detraction. 

OB-LUG-TI'TION, n. [L. obluctor.] A struggling or striving 
against ; resistance. — Fotherby. [Little used.] 

OB-MU-TES'CENCE, n. [L. obmutesco.] 1. Loss of speech; 
silence. 2. A keeping silence. 

OB-NOX'IOUS (ob-nok'shus), a. [L. obnoxius.] 1. Subject, 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



OBS 



OBS 



answerable. 2. Liable ; subject to cognizance or punish- 
ment. 3. Li able ; exposed. 4. Reprehensible ; censura- 
ble ; not approved.— Fell. 5. Odious ; offensive ; hateful. 
— Burke. 6. Hurtful; noxious. 

OB-NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a state of subjection or liabil- 
ity. 2. Repreheusibly ; odiously; offensively. 

OB-NOX'IOUS-NESS, n. 1. Subjection or liableness to pun- 
ishment. 2. Odiousness; offensiveness. 

OB-Nu'BI-LlTE, v. t. [L. obnubilor.] To cloud ; to obscure. 

OB-Nu'BI-La-TED, pp. Clouded; obscured. 

OB-NU-BI-La'TION, n. The act or operation of making 
dark or obscure. — Beddoes. 

CBO-E, n. [It.] A wind instrument of music, blown through 
a reed ; also written hautboy. 

OB'OLE, n. [L. obolus.] In pharmacy, the weight of twelve 
grains ; some say ten grains. — Ash. 

OFO-LUS, n. [L.] 1. A small silver coin of Athens, the 
sixth part of a drachma, about two cents in value. 2. An 
ancient weight ; the sixth part of a drachm. 

OB-oVATE, a. In botany, inversely ovate ; having the nar- 
row end downward. — Martyn. 

OB-REP'TION, n. [L. obrepo.] The act of creeping on with 
secrecy or by surprise. 

OB-REP-TI'TIOUS, a. Done or obtained by surprise ; with 
secrecy or by concealment of the truth. 

OBHO-GITE, v. t. [L. obrogo.] To propose or proclaim a 
new and contrary law, instead of annulling the old one. 

OB-SCeNE' (ob-seen'), a. [Fr. ; L. obscanus.] 1. Offensive 
to chastity and delicacy. 2. Foul ; filthy ; offensive ; dis- 
gusting ; as, obscene attire. — Dryden. 3. Inauspicious ; ill- 
omened ; as, obscene birds. Dryden. — Syn. Impure ; im- 
modest; indecent; unchaste; lewd. 

OB-SCeNE'LY, adv. In a manner offensive to chastity or 
purity; impurely; unchastely. — Milton. 

OB-SCeNE'NESS, }n. [Fr. obscenite ; L. obscanitas.] 1. Im- 

DB-SCEN'I-TY, 5 purity in expression or representa- 
tion ; that quality in words or things which presents what 
is offensive to chastity or purity "of mind ; ribaldry. 2. 
Unchaste actions ; lewdness. 

OB-S€U-RI'TION, n. [L. obscuratio.] 1. The act of dark- 
ening:. 2. The state of being darkened or obscured. 

OB-S€uRE', a. [L. obscurus.] 1. Destitute of light. 2. Liv- 
ing in darkness, as a bird. — Shak. 3. Not easily under- 
stood ; not obviously intelligible, as a description. 4. Not 
much known or observed; remote from observation, as a 
dwelling. 5. Not noted ; not distinguished or known ; as, 
an obscure man. 6. Scarcely legible, as writing. 7. Not 
clear, full, or distinct, as vision. — Syn. Dark ; dim ; dark- 
some; abstruse; intricate; difficult; mysterious; retired; 
unnoticed ; unknown ; humble ; mean ; indistinct; imper- 
fect; defective. 

OB-SCDRE', v. t. [L. obscuro.] 1. To darken ; to make dark. 
2. To cloud ; to make partially dark. 3. To hide from the 
view. 4. To make less visible. 5. To make less legible. 
5. To make less intelligible. 7. To make less glorious, 
beautiful, or illustrious. 8. To conceal ; to make un- 
known. 9. To tarnish. 

•OB-SCuRIfr)', pp. Clouded, or made partially dark ; con- 

OB-S€uRE'LY, adv. 1. Darkly ; not clearly ; imperfectly. 
2. Out of sight ; in a state not to be noticed ; privately ; in 
retirement ; not conspicuously. 3. Not clearly ; not plain- 
ly to the mind ; darkly. 4. Not plainly ; indirectly ; by 
hints or allusions. 

OB-SCuRE'NESS, \n. [L. obscuritas.] 1. Darkness ; want 

OB-SCi/RI-TY, 5 of light. 2. A state of retirement from 
the world ; a state of being unnoticed ; privacy. 3. Dark- 
ness of meaning ; unintelligibleness. 4. Illegibleness. 5. 
A state of being unknown to fame ; humble condition. 

OB-S€uR'ER, n. He or that which obscures or darkens. — 
Lord. 

OB-S€uRTNG, ppr. Darkening ; malting less visible or in- 
telligible ; tarnishing. 

OB'SE-CRaTE, v. t. [L. obsecro.] To beseech; to entreat; 
to supplicate ; to pray earnestly. — Cockeram. 

OB'SE-€Ra-TED, pp. Entreated ; prayed earnestly. 

OB'SE-€Rl-TING,^pr. Supplicating ; beseeching. 

OB-SE-CRX'TION, n. 1. Entreaty ; supplication. 2. A fig- 
ure of rhetoric, in which the orator implores the assist- 
ance of God or man. 

OB'SE-QUENT, a. [L. obsequens.] Obedient; submissive 
to. — Fotherby. [Little used.] 

DB'SE-QUiES (ob'se-kwiz), n. pi. [Fr. obseques.] Funeral 
rites and solemnities ; the last duties performed to a de- 
ceased person. [Milton uses the word obsequy in the sin- 
gular, but the common usage is different.] 

OB-Se'QUI-OUS, a. [L. obsequium.] 1. Promptly obedient 
or submissive to the will of another ; compliant ; yielding 
to the desires of others. 2. Servilely or meanly conde- 
scending ; compliant to excess ; servile. 3. Funereal ; 
pertaining to funeral rites ; [obs.] 

UB-Se'QUI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With ready obedience ; with 
prompt compliance. 2. With reverence for the dead ; [obs.] 



OB-SE'QUI-OUS-NESS : ti. 1. Ready obedience ; prompt 
compliance with the orders of a superior. 2. Servile sub- 
mission ; mean or excessive complaisance. 

t OB'SE-QUY, n. [L. obsequium.] 1. Funeral rites. See On 
sequies. 2. Obsequiousness. — Ben Jonson. 

t OB'SE-RITE, v. t. [L. obsero.] Tc lock up. 

OB'SE-Ra-TED, pp. Locked up. 

OB'SE-Ra-TING, ppr. Locking up. 

OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be observed or noticed. 
2. Worthy of observation or of particular notice ; remark- 
able. 

OB-SERV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of note. 

OB-SERV'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of observing ; the ad 
of keeping or adhering to in practice ; performance. 2. 
Respect ; ceremonial reverence in practice. 3. Perform- 
ance of rites, religious ceremonies, or external service. 4. 
Rule of practice ; thing to be observed. 5. Observation ; 
attention to ; [little used.] 6. Obedient regard or atten- 
tion ; [obs.] 

OB-SER-VANDA, n. pi. [L.] Things to be observed. 

OB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Taking notice ; attentively viewing 
or noticing. 2. Adhering to or obeying in practice. 3. 
Carefully attentive. — Syn. Mindful ; regardful ; obedient • 
submissive. 

OB-SERV'ANT, n. 1. A slavish attendant— Shak. ; [rts.] 

2. A diligent observer. — Hooker. 3. Among monks, one ol 
a community which professes to observe perfectly the 
rule of the order as originally esta.b\\shcd.~~Murdock. 

OB-SERV'ANT-LY, adv. With attentive view or regard. 

OB-SERV-iTION, n. [L. observatio.] 1. The art of observ- 
ing or taking notice ; the act of seeing or of fixing the mind 
on any thing ; attentive inspection or view. 2. Notion 
gained by observing ; the effect or result of seeing or tak- 
ing cognizance in the mind ; the expression of what is ob 
served or thought. 3. Adherence to in practice ; per- 
formance of what is prescribed- — 4. In astronomy, the an- 
gular measurement of any space on the celestial sphere. 
Olmsted. — Syn. Observance ; notice ; attention ; remark ; 
comment ; note ; animadversion. 

OB-SERV-A'TION-AL, a. Consisting of, or containing, re- 
marks or_observations.— Sturtevant. 

OB-SERV-A'TOR, n. [Fr. observateur.] 1. One who ob- 
serves or takes notice.— ~Hale. 2. A remarker. 

OB-SERVA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. observatoire.] A place or build- 
inar for making observations on the heavenly bodies. 

OB-SERVE' (ob-zerv'), v. t. [L. observo.] 1. To see or be- 
hold with some attention ; to notice. 2. To take notice 
or cognizance of by the intellect. 3. To utter or express-, 
as a remark, opinion, or sontiment ; to remark. 4. To 
keep religiously ; to celebrate. 5. To keep or adhere to 
in practice ; to comply with ; to obey. 6. To practice. 

OB-SERVE' (ob-zerv'), v. i. 1. To remark. 2. To be at- 
tentive. 

OB-SERV.ED' (ob-zervd'), pp. 1. Noticed by the eye or the 
mind. 2. Kept religiously ; celebrated ; practiced. 

OB-SERV'ER. 72. 1 . One who observes ; one who takes no- 
tice ; particularly, one who looks to with care, attention, 
or vigilance. 2. A beholder; a looker on; a spectator. 

3. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation, or rite ; 
one who adheres to any thing in practice ; one who per- 
forms. 4. One who fulfills or performs. 5. One who 
keeps religiously. 

OB-SERV'ING, ppr. 1. Taking notice by the eye or the in- 
tellect. 2. Remarking. 3. Keeping ; adhering to in prac- 
tice ; fulfilling. 4. a. Giving particular attention ; habitu- 
ally taking notice ; attentive to what passes. 

OB-SERV'ING-LY, adv. Attentively ; carefully ; with close 
observation. — Shak. 

1 OB-SESS', v. t. [L. obsideo, obsessus.] To besiege. 

OB-SES'SION (-sesh'un). n. [L. obsessio.] 1. The act of be- 
sieging. 2. The condition of a person beset by an evil 
spirit antecedent to possession. [Little used.] 

OB-SID'I-AN, n. A variety of glass produced by volcanoes. 
It is usually black and opaque, except in thin splinters. 
Dana. 

OB-SID'I-ON-AL, a. [L. obsidion.alis.] Pertaining to a siege , 
as, an obsidional crown, one bestowed upon a general who 
raised the siege of a beleaguered place. It was formed oi 
grass growing: on the rampart. 

t OB-SI6-IL-La'TION, n. [L. ob and sigillo.] A sealing up. 

OB-SIG'NaTE, v. t. [L. obsigno.] To seal up ; to ratify. 
Barrow. [Little used.] 

OB-SIG-NaTION, 72. The act of sealing; ratification by 
sealing; confirmation. — Taylor. 

OB-SIG'NA-TO-RY, a. Ratifying ; confirming by sealing. 

OB-SO-LES'CENCE, n. A passing into disuse. 

OB-SO-LES'CENT, a. [L. obsolesco.] Going out of use ; 
passing into disuetude. — Campbell. 

OB'SO-LeTE, a. [L. obsoletus.] 1. Gone into disuse ; not 
used ; out of date. — 2. In natural history, obscure ; not very 
distinct ; rudimental. — Syn. Antiquated ; old-fashioned 
antique ; old ; disused ; neglected. 
OB'SO-LeTE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being neglected in 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN 'GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



OBT 



686 



OBV 



ose ; a state of desuetude.— 2. In natural history, indistinct- 
ness ; want of development 
OFSTa PRIN-CIP'I-IS. [L.] Resist the beginnings. 

OB'STA-€LE, to. [Fr.] That which opposes ; any thing that 
stands in the way and hinders progress. — Syn. Obstruc- 
tion ; hinderance ; impediment ; difficulty. 

f OB'STAN-CY, to. [L. obstantia.] Opposition ; impediment ; 
obstruction. — Ben Jonson. 

OB-STET'RI€, a. [L. obstetrix.] Pertaining to midwifery, 
or the delivery of women in childbed. 

OB-STETRI-€aTE, v. i. To perform the office of a mid- 
wife. — Evelyn. [Little used.} 

OB-STET'RI-CXTE, v. t. To assist as a midwife. [Rare.] 

OB-STET-RI-CITION, n. 1. The act of assisting as a mid- 
wife. 2. The office of a midwife. 

OB-STET-Rl"CIAN (-rish'an), n. One skilled in the art of 
assisting women in parturition. — Med. Repos. 

OB-STET'RI€S, to. The science of midwifery ; the art of 
assisting women in parturition. 

OB'STI-NA-CY, n. [L. obstinatio.] 1. A firm, and usually 
unreasonable, adherence to an opinion, purpose, or sys- 
tem; a fixedness that will not yield to persuasion, argu- 
ments, or other means. — 2. Figuratively, fixedness that 
will not yield to application, or that yields with difficulty, 
as of a disease. — Syn. Firmness ; resoluteness ; inflexibil- 
ity; persistency; pertinacity; stubbornness; perverse- 
ness; contumacy. 

OB'STI-NATE, a. [L. obstinatus.] 1. Pertinaciously adher- 
ing to an opinion or purpose ; fixed firmly in resolution ; 
not yielding to reason, arguments, or other means. 2. Not 
yielding, or not easily subdued or removed, as a disease. 
— Syn. Inflexible ; immovable ; firm ; resolute ; pertina- 
cious ; headstrong ; stubborn ; heady ; opinionated ; re- 
fractory ; perverse ; contumacious. 

OB'STI-NATE-LY, adv. Stubbornly; pertinaciously; with 
fixedness of purpose not to be shaken. 

OB'STI-NATE-NESS, to. Stubbornness ; pertinacity in opin- 
ion or purpose ; fixed determination.— Hall. 

OB-STI-Pa'TION, n. [L. obstipo.] 1. The act of stopping 
up, as a passage. — 2. In medicine, costiveness. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS, a. [L. obstreperus.] Loud ; noisy ; 
clamorous ; vociferous ; making a tumultuous noise. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Loudly ; clamorously ; with 
tumultuous noise. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Loudness; clamor; noisy 
tui-bulence. 

OB-STRI€'TION, to. [L. obstrictus.] Obligation; bond. 

OB-STRU€T, v. t. [L. obstruo.] 1. To block up ; to stop 
up or close, as a way or passage ; to fill with obstacles. 

2. To be in the way of; to hinder in passing. 3. To ren- 
der slow, as progress. — Syn. To bar ; barricade ; stop ; ar- 
rest ; check ; interrupt ; clog ; choke ; impede ; retard ; 
embarrass ; oppose. 

OB-STRU€TED, pp. or a. 1. Blocked up ; stopped, as a 
passage. 2. Hindered ; impeded, as progress. 3. Retard- 
ed; interrupted. 

OB-STRUCT'ER. to. One who obstructs or hinders. 

OBSTRUCTING, ppr. Blocking up ; stopping ; impeding ; 
interrupting. 

OBSTRUCTION, to. [L. obstructio.] 1. The act of obstruct- 
ing. 2. Any thing that stops or closes a way or channel. 

3. That which impedes progress. 4. A heap. Shak. ; [not 
proper.'] — Syn. Obstacle ; bar ; barrier ; impediment ; 
clog ; check ; hinderance ; embarrassment. 

OB-STRU€T'lVE, a. [Fr. obstruct! f.] Presenting obstacles ; 
hindering ; causing impediment. — Hammond. 

OB-STRU€T'lVE, to. Obstacle ; impediment. [Little used.] 

OB-STRU€T'lVE-LY, adv. By way of obstruction. 

OB'STRU-ENT, a. [L. obstruens.] Blocking up ; hindering. 

OB'STRU-ENT, to. Any thing that obstructs the natural 
passages in the body. — Quincy. 

OB-STU-PE-F ACTION, to. [L. obstvpefacio.} The act of 
making stupid or insensible. See Stupefaction. 

OB-STU-PE-F AG'TlVE, a. [L. obstupefacio.} Stupefying ; 
rendering insensible, torpid, or inert. See Stupefactive. 

i OB-STu'PE-FY, v. t. To render stupid ; to stupefy. 

OB-TaIN', v. t. [L. obtineo.] 1. To get possession of a thing. 
This word usually implies exertion to get possession, and 
in this it differs from receive, which may or may not imply 
exertion. It differs from acquire, as genus from species ; 
acquire being properly applied only to things permanently 
possessed ; but obtain is applied both to things of tempo- 
rary and of permanent possession. 2. To keep ; to hold. 
MiUon. — Syn. To gain ; attain ; procure ; acquire ; win ; 
earn. 

OB-TaIN', v.i. 1. To be received in customary or common 
use ; to continue in use ; to be established in practice. 2. 
To be established ; to subsist in nature. 3. To prevail ; to 
succeed. — Bacon ; [little used.] 

OB-TIIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained ; that may be 
procured or gained.— Arbuthnot. 

OB-TaIN-ED' (ob-tand'), pp. Gained ; procured ; acquired. 

OB-TaIN'ER, to. One who obtains. 



OB-TaINTNG, ppr. Gaining; procuring; acquiring. 

OB-TaIN'MENT, to. The act of obtaining.— Milton. 

OB-TECTED, a. [L. obtcctus.] Covered. 

t OB-TEM'PER-aTE, v. t. [L. obtempero.] To obey.— Did 

OB-TEND', v. t. [L. obtendo.] 1. To oppose ; to hold out in 
opposition ; [rare.] 2. To pretend ; to offer as the reasoa 
of any thing ; [obs.] 

OB-TEN-E-BRITION, to. [L. ob and tenebrs.] A darken 
ing; act of darkening ; darkness. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

t OB-TEN'SION, to. The act of obtending. 

OB-TEST', v. t. [L. obtestor.] To beseech ; to supplicate. 

OB-TEST, v. i. To protest.— WMerhouse. 

OB-TEST- A'TION, to. 1. Supplication; entreaty. — Eh/a. 
2. Solemn injunction. — Hall. 

OB-TESTING, ppr. Beseeching; supplicating. 

OB-TREC-TI'TION, to. [L. obtrectatio.] Slander; detrac- 
tion ; calumny. — Barrow. [Little used.] 

OB-TRuDE', v. t. [L. obtrudo.] 1. To thrust in or on ; to 
throw, crowd, or thrust into any place. 2. To offer witb 
unreasonable importunity ; to urge upon against the will. 
— To obtrude one's self, to enter a place where one is not 
desired ; to thrust one's self in uninvited, or against th* 
will of the company. 

OB-TRuDE', v. i. 1. To enter when not invited. 2. To 
thrust or be thrust upon. 

OB-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust in by force or unsolicited. 

OB-TRuD'ER, to. One who obtrudes.— Boyle. 

OB-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting in or on ; entering unia 
vited. 

OB-TRuDTNG, to. A thrusting in or entrance without right 
or invitation. 

OB-TRUNC'ITE, v. t. [L. obtrunco.] To deprive of a limb ; 
to lop. — Cocker am. [Little used.] 

OB-TRUN-G A'TION, to. The act of cutting off. [Rare.] 

OB-TRu'SION (-zhun), to. [L. obtrudo.] The act of obtrud- 
ing ; a thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited. 

OB-TRu'SlVE. a. Disposed to obtrude any thing upon oth- 
ers ; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self among others 
or to enter uninvited. 

OB-TRu'SiVE-LY, adv. By way of obtrusion or thrusting 
upon others, or entering unsolicited. 

OB-TUND', v. t. [L. obtundo.] To dull ; to blunt ; to quell , 
to deaden ; to reduce the edge, pungency, or violent action 
of any thing. 

OB-TUND'ED, pp. Blunted; quelled; deadened. 

OB-TUND'ENT, to. In medicine, a substance which sheathes 
or blunts irritation ; much the same with demulcent.— 
Forsyth. 

OB-TU-Ri'TION, to. [L. obturatus.] The act of stopping bj 
spreading over or covering. 

OB-TU-Ra'TOR, to. In anatomy, the obturators are musclea 
which rise from the outer and inner side of the pelvia 
around the foramen thyroideum, and are rotators of the 
thigh. — Wistar. 

OB-TuS-AN"GU-LAR, a. [obtuse and angular.] Having an- 
gles^ that are obtuse, or larger than right angles. 

OB-TuSE', a. [L. obtusus.] 1. Blunt ; not pointed or acute. 
— Applied to angles, it denotes one that is larger" than a 
rightlangle. 2. Dull ; not having acute sensibility. 3. Not 
sharp or shrill ; dull ; obscure. 

OB-TuSE'-AN"GLJED, a. Having an obtuse angle. 

OB-TDSE'LY, adv. 1. Without a sharp point. 2. Dully , 
stupidly. 

OB-TuSE'NESS, to. 1. Bluntness. 2. Dullness ; want of 
quick sensibility. 3. Dullness of sound. 

OB-Tu'SION, to. 1. The act of making blunt 2. The state 
of being dulled or blunted. 

OB-UM'BRITE, v. t. [L. obumbro.] To shade ; to darken : 
to cloud. — Howell. [Little used.] 

OB-UM-BRI'TION, to. The act of darkening. 

t OB-VEN'TION, to. [L. obvenio.] Something occasional , 
that which happens not regularly, but incidentally. 

t OB-VERS'ANT, a. [L. obversans.] Conversant ; familiar. 

OB- VERSE' (ob-vers'), a. In botany, having the base nar 
rower than the" top, as a leaf. 

OB'VERSE, to. The face of a coin ; opposed to reverse. 

OB-VERSE'LY, adv. In an obverse form or manner 

OB-VERT, v. t. [L. obverto.] To turn toward. 

OB-VERTED, pp. Turned toward. 

OB-VERTING, ppr. Turning toward. 

OB'VI-aTE, v. t. [Fr.obvier.] Properly, to meet in the way , 
to oppose ; hence, in present usage, to remove, as difficul- 
ties or objections. 

OB'VI-a-TED, pp. Removed, as objections or difficulties. 

OB'VI-a-TING, ppr. Removing, as objections in reasoning 
or planning. 

OB'VI-OUS, a. [L. obvius.] 1. Meeting; opposed in front; 
[obs.] 2. Open ; exposed ; [rare.] 3. Easily discovered, 
seen, or understood ; readily perceived by the eye or tho 
intellect. — Syn. Plain; clear; evident; apparent; man- 
ifest. 

OB'VI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Evidently ; plainly ; apparently 
manifestly. 2. Naturally. 3. Easily to be found. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c .. long.— a, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, FOQK. 



occ 



687 



OCT 



OB' Vl-OUS-NESS, n. State of being plain or evident to the 
eye or the mind. — Boyle. 

OB'VO-LUTE, )a. [L. obvolutus.] In botany, obvolule 

OB'VO-LU-TED, J foliation is when the margins of the 
leaves alternately embrace the straight margin of the op- 
posite leaf. 

OC-CX'SION (ok-ka'zhun), n. [L. occasio.] 1. Properly, a 
falling, happening, or coming to ; an occurrence, casualty, 
Incident. 2. Opportunity ; convenience ; favorable time, 
8eason, or circumstances. 3. Accidental cause ; incident, 
event, or fact giving rise to something else. 4. Incidental 
need ; casual exigency ; opportunity accompanied with 
need or demand. 

OG-Ca'SION, v. t. [Fr. occasionner.] 1. To cause incident- 
allyj to cause : to produce. 2. To influence ; to cause. 

0€-Ga'SION-A-BLE, a. That may be caused or occasioned. 
— Barrow. [Little used.] 

OC-€a'SION-AL, a. [Fr. occasio?inel.] 1. Incidental ; cas- 
ual ; occurring at times, but not regular or systematic ; 
made or happening, as opportunity requires or admits. 2. 
. Produced by accident ; as, the occasional original hereof. 
— Brovm. 3. Produced or made on some special event. — 
Occasional cause, in metaphysics, some circumstance pre- 
ceding an effect, which, without being the real cause, be- 
comes the occasion of the effect's being produced by a 
truly efficient cause. Thus, the act of touching gunpow- 
der with fire is the occasional, but not the efficient cause of 
the explosion. 

OG-€a'SION-AL-ISM, n. In metaphysics, the system of oc- 
casional causes ; a name given to certain theories of the 
Cartesian school of philosophers, by which they account- 
ed for the apparent action of the soiil on the body, e. g., in 
voluntary motion. — Brande. 

OG-€a'SION-AL-LY, adv. According to incidental exigence ; 
at times, as convenience requires or opportunity offers ; 
not regularlv. 

0€-€a'SION£D (ok-ka'zhund), pp. Caused incidentally; 
caused; produced. 

0€-€a'SION-ER, n. One who causes or produces, either 
incidentally or otherwise. 

0€-€a'SION-ING, vpr. Causing incidentally or otherwise. 

OC-Ga'SiVE, a. Falling ; descending ; western ; pertaining 
to the setting sun. — Encyc. 

OG-CE-€a'TION, n. [L. occcecatio.] The act of making blind. 
— Sanderson. [Little used.] 

OCCI-DENT, n. [L. occidens, falling.] The west ; the west- 
ern quarter of the hemisphere ; so called from the decline 
or fall of the sun. 

OG-CLDENT'AL, a. [L. occidentals.] Western ; opposed 
to Oriental ; pertaining to the western quarter of the hem- 
isphere. — Howell. 

OC-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. occiduus.] Western. {Little used.] 

OC-CIP'IT-AL, a. [L. occiput.] Pertaining to the back part 
of the head, or to the occiput. 

OCCI-PUT, n. [L.] The hinder part of the head, or that 
part of the skull which forms the hind part of the head. 

t OC-CIS'ION, n. [L. occisio.] A killing ; the act of killing. 

OC-CLuDE', v. t. [L. occludo.] To shut up ; to close. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

OG-€LiiSE',a. [L.occlusus.] Shut ; closed.— Holder. [Rare.] 

OC-GLu'SION, n. [L. occlusio.] A shutting up ; a closing. 

OCCULT', a. [L. occultus.] Hidden from the eye or un- 
derstanding ; invisible ; secret ; unknown ; undiscovered ; 
undetected. — The occult sciences, in the Middle Ages, were 
magic, alchemy, necromancy, &c. 

OC-CULT- I'TION, n, [L. occultatio.] 1. A hiding.— 2. In 
astronomy, the hiding of a heavenly body from our sight 
by the intervention of some other of the heavenly bodies. 

OC-CULTED, a. 1. Hid ; secret.— Shak. ; [not used.]— 2. In 
astronomy, a term applied to a heavenly body hid or con- 
cealed by the intervention of some other heavenly body. 
— Brande. 

OC-CULTNESS, n. The state of being concealed from 
view; secretness. 

OCCU-PAN-CY, n. [L. occupo.] 1. The act of taking or 
holding possession. — 2. In law, the taking possession of a 
thing not belonging to any person ; as, occupancy gave the 
right. 

OCGU-PANT, n. 1. He who occupies or takes possession ; 
he who has possession. — 2. In law, one who first takes 
possession of that which has no legal owner. 

f OC'CU-P ATE, v. t. [L. occupo.] To hold ; to possess ; to 
take up. — Bacon. 

OCCU-Pa'TION, n. [L. occupation 1. The act of talcing 
possession. 2. A holding, keeping, or using. 3. That 
which engages the timp ind attention ; business. 4. The 
principal biisiness of oae's fife ; the business which a man 
follows to procure a living or obtain wealth. — Syn. Occu- 
pancy ; possession ; tenure ; use ; employment ; avoca- 
tion ; engagement ; vocation ; calling ; office ; trade ; pro- 
fession. 

OCCU-PLED (-pide), pp. Possessed ; used ; employed. 

OC'CU-Pl-ER, n. 1. One who occupies or takes possession. 



| 2. One who holds possession. 3. One who follows an em 
ployment. 
OCGU-PY, v. t. [L. occupo.] 1. To take possession. 2. To 
keep in possession ; to possess ; to hold or keep for use 

3. To take up ; to possess ; to cover or fill. 4. To em 
ploy ; to use. 5. To employ ; to busy one's self. 6. To 
follow, _as business. 7. To use ; to expend; [obs.] 

OC'CTJ-Py, v. i. To follow business ; to negotiate. — Luke, xix. 

OCGU-PY-ING, ppr. Taking or keeping possession ; em- 
ploying. 

OCCUR', v. i. [L. occurro.] 1. Primarily, to meet ; to strike 
against ; to clash ; [obs.] 2. To meet or come to the mind- 
to be presented to the mind, imagination, or memory. 3. 
To appear ; to meet the eye ; to be found here and there. 

4. To oppose ; to obviate ; [obs.] 
OC-CUR'RENCE, n. [Ft.] 1. Any incident or accidental 

event ; a contingency ; that which happens without being 

designed or expected ; any single event. 2. Occasional 

presentation. 
f OC-€UR'RENT, n. Incident ; any thing that happens, 
f OCCUR'SION, n. [L. occursio.] A meeting of bodies ; » 
_ clash. — Boyle. 
o'CEAN (6'shun), n. [L. oceanus ; Fr. ocean.] 1. The vast 

body of water which covers more than three fifths of the 

surface of the globe ; called, also, the sea, or great sea ; 

the main ; the deep. The ocean is usually considered as 

divided into five parts, called the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, 
_ Arctic, and Antarctic Oceans. 2. An immense expanse. 
o'CEAN (6'shun), a. Pertaining to the main or great sea. 
O-CE-AN'IC (o-she-an'ik), a. Pertaining to the ocean ; found 
_ or formed in the ocean. 
O'CEL-LI-TED, a. [L. ocellatus.] 1. Resembling an eye. 2. 

Formed with the figures of little eyes. 
o'CE-LOT, n. [Ft.] A carnivorous animal of the cat tribe, 

found in Mexico and Paraguay. 
OCH'I-MY (ok'e-me), n. A mixed base metal. — Todd. 
OCH-LOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. ox^oKpana.] A form of govern- 

ment in which the multitude or common people rule. 
O-CHRa'CEOUS, a. Of an ochre color, or a yellow, run- 
ning into brown. — Lindley. 
O'CHER t (oTcer), n. [Fr. ocre; L. ochra; Gr. wxpa-) A 
o'GHRE 5 kind of fine clay used as a pigment. It is of 

various colors, as yellow (which is most common), red, 
. green, blue, and black. — Elmcs. 

o'CHER-OUS, ) a. 1. Consisting of or containing ochre. 2 
o'GHRE-OUS, 5 Resembling ochre. 

O'CHER- Y, \ a. Pertaining to ochre ; containing or resem 
o'GHRY, 5 bling ochre.— lire. 
O'CHRE-A, n. In botany, a term applied to two stipules 

united round the stem in a kind of sheath. — De Cand. 
OCH'RO-lTE, n. Cerite, which see. 
o'CRA, n. See Oxea. 
OC'TA-CHORD, n. [Gr. oktu and %o/>^.] An instrument 

or system of eight sounds. — Busby. 
OCTA-GON, n. [Gr. oktu) and yoma.j 1, In geometry, a 

plane figure of eight sides and eight angles. — 2. In fortifr 

cation, a place with eight sides or bastions. 
OCTAG ON-AL, a. Having eight sides and eight angles. 
OG-TA-He'DRAL, a. Having eight equal faces or sides. 
OCTA-He'DRiTE, ti. An ore of titanium, anatase, which 

see. 
OC-TA-HE'DRON, n. [Gr. oktw and eSpa-] In geometry, a 

solid contained by eight equal and equilateral triangles. 
OCTANTJRI-A, n. pi. [Gr. oktu> and avnp.] In botany, a class 

of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having eight sta 

mens distinct from each other and from the pistil. 
OCTAN'DRI-AN, \a. Having the characters of the class 
OCTANTJROUS, > octandria ; having eight distinct sta 

mens. 
OC-TAN"GU-LAR, a. [L. octo and angular.] Having eight 

angles. 
OC-TAN"GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of having eight 

angles. 
OCTANT, n. [L. octa?is.] 1. In geometry, the eighth part of 

a circle. — 2. In astronomy, the point in the orbit of a heav- 
enly body which lies half way between the conjunctions 

or oppositions and the quadratures. 
OCTA-STYLE, ti. See Octo style. 
OC'TA-TEuCH (-tuke), n. [Gr. oktu and tevx°S-] A name 

for the first eisht books of the Old Testament.— Dirt. 
OCTAVE, a. Denoting eight— Dry den. 
OCTAVE, n. [Fr. ; L. octavus.] 1. The eighth day after a 

church festival, the festival itself being included. 2. Eight 

days together after a church festival, the festival day being 

included.— 3. In music, an eighth, or an interval of seven 

degrees or twelve semitones. 
OG-Ta/VO, n. [L. octavus.] A book or form in which a 

sheet is folded into eight leaves. The word is used as a 

noun or an adjective. 
OC-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. octo and annus.] 1. Happening every 

eighth year. 2. Lasting eight years. 
OG-TEN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once tor every eight years. 
OCTILE, n. The same as octant. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in th is. t Obsolete. 



ODI 



688 



OFF 



0€-TIL'LION, «. According to the English notation, a num- 
ber represented by a unit with 48 ciphers annexed ; ac- 
cording to the French notation, a unit with 27 ciphers an- 
nexed. 

Q€-To'BER, n. [L., from octo, eighth ; the eighth month of 
the primitive Roman year.] 1. The tenth month of the 
year in our calendar. 2. A kind of ale, jocosely so called. 

OC-TO-DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. octo and decern.] In crystallog- 
raphy, designating a crystal whose prisms, or the middle 
part, has eight faces, and the two summits together ten 
faces, 

OC-TO-DEC'I-MO, a. [L. octodecim.] Having or consisting 
of eighteen leaves to a sheet. . 

OC-TO-DEC'I-MO, n. A book in which a sheet is folded into 
eighteen leaves. 

0€-TO-DEN'TATE, a. Having eight teeth. 

Ofi'TO-FID, a. [L. octo and ftndo] In botany, cleft or sep- 
arated into eight segments, as a calyx. 

t 0€'TO-GE-NA-RY ' \ n ' ° ne who k ei £ htv vears of a ° e - 

* OCTO-gE-NA-RY.' a. [L. octogenarius.] Of eighty years 
of age. 

* OGTO-GE-NA-RY, n. An instrument of eight strings. 
OC-TO-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. octo and locus.] In botany, hav- 
ing eight cells for seeds. 

O-G'TO-NA-RY, a. [L. octonarius.] Belonging to the num- 
ber eight. 

OC-TO-NOC'U-LAR, a. [L. octo and oculus.] Having eight 
eyes.— Derham. 

0€-TO-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. oktw and -ntralov.] Having 
eight petals or flower-leaves. — Diet. 

OCTO-POD, n. [Gr. qktw, eight, and ttovs, foot.] A mollusk 
or insect having eight feet or legs. — Kirby. 

0€-TO-Ra'DI-I-TED, a. [L. octo and radius.] Having eight 
rays. 

OC-TO-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. okto) and anepua.] Containing 
eight seeds. 

OCTO-STYLE, n. [Gr. oktw and oruAo?.] In ancient archi- 
tecture, a term denoting an edifice or portico adorned with 
eight columns, or a range of eight columns. 

0€-TO-SYL-LAB'I€, a. [L. octo and syllaba.] Consisting of 
eight syllables. Octosyllable has been used. 

OC-TROI' (ok-trwa/), n. [Fr.] A tax levied at the gates of 
French cities on articles brought in. — Diet, de VAcad. 

OCTU.-PLE, a. [L. octuplus.] Eight-fold.— Dirt. 

OCU-LAR, a. [Fr. oculaire ; L. ocularius.] Depending on 
the eye ; known by the eye ; received by actual sight. 

OCU-LAR-LY, adv. By the eye, sight, or actual view. 

OCU-LATE, a. [L. oculatus.] Furnished with eyes ; know- 
ing by the eye. — Johnson. 

OCU-LI-FORM, a. [L. oculus and forma.] In the form of 
an eye ; I'esembling the eye in form. 

OCU-LIST, n. [L. oculus.] One skilled in diseases of the 
eyes, or one who professes to cure them. 

O'DA-LISQJJE, n. [Turkish odah, a chamber.] The name 
of the female slaves or concubines in the harem of the 
Turkish sultan. The word is, properly, odah-lic. — En c. Am. 

ODD, a. [Sw. udda.] 1. Not even ; not divisible into two 
equal whole numbers, as three, five, &c. 2. Left or re- 
maining after the union, estimate, or use of even numbers ; 
or remaining after round numbers or any number speci- 
fied. 3. Differing from what is usual. 4. Not noted ; un- 
heeded; not taken into the common account. 5. Uncom- 
mon ; particular. 6. Uncommon ; in appearance improp- 
er. 7. Separate from that which is regularly occupied ; 
remaining unemployed. — Syn. Unmatched ; singular ; un- 
usual ; extraordinary ; strange ; queer ; eccentric ; whim- 
sical; fantastical; droll; comical. 

ODD'-FEL'LoWS, n. pi. The name of a secret society for 
social enioyment and mutual assistance. 

ODD'-LOOK-ING, a. Having a singular look. 

ODD1-TY, n. 1. Singularity ; strangeness. 2. A singular 
person ; [in colloquial language.] 

ODD'LY, adv. 1. Not evenly ; [little used.] 2. Strangely ; 
unusually; irresrularly ; singularly; uncouthly. 

ODD'NESS, ft. 1. The state of being not even. 2. Singu- 
larity ; strangeness ; particularity ; irregularity ; uncouth- 
ness. 

ODDS, ft. [It is used both in the singular and plural.] 1. 
Inequality ; excess of either compared with the other ; 
difference in favor of one and against another. 2. Ad- 
vantage ; superiority. 3. Quarrel ; dispute ; debate. — It 
is odds, more likely than the contrary. South. — At odds, 
_ in dispute ; at variance ; in controversy or quarrel. — Swift. 
5DE, ft. [L. ode.] A short poem or song ; a poetical com- 
position proper to be set to music or sung ; a lyric poem. 
O-DE'ON, ft. [Gr. uSeiov, from u>6t], a song.] In ancient ar- 
chitecture, a theatre in Greece in which poets and musi- 
cians submitted their works to the public, and contended 
_for prizes. — Elmes. 
f o'DI-BLE, a. [L. odi.] Hateful ; invidious.— Bale. 
QDIN, ft. The chief of the Scandinavian gods.— Brandt. 
*o'DI-OUS, a. [L. odiosus.] 1. Deserving hatred. 2. Of- 



fensive to the senses. 3. Causing hate. 4. Exposed to 
hatred. — Syn. Hateful ; detestable ; abominable ; disgust- 
ing ; loathsome ; invidious ; repulsive ; forbidding ; un- 
popular. 

* o'DI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Hatefully ; in a manner to deserve 

or excite hatred. 2. Invidiously ; so as to cause hate or 
extreme aversion. 

* o'DI-OUS-NESS, ft. 1. Hatefulness ; the quality that de- 

serves or may excite hatred. 2. The state of being hated. 

* o'DI-UM, ft. [L.] 1. Hatred ; dislike. 2. The quality that 
provokes hatred; offensiveness. Dryden. — Odium theolo- 
gicum, the hatred of contending theologians. 

O-DOM'E-TER n. [Gr. o8os and uerpov.] An instrument 
attached to the wheel of a carriage to measure distanoe in 
traveling. — Jefferson. 

O-DO-METRIG-AL, a. Pertaining to an odometer, or its 
measurement 

?'DON-TAL-2y A ' } n - t Gr - o5ovS and aX Y°^ ToothacIie - 
0-DON-TAL'Gl€, a. Pertaining to the toothache. 
0-DON-TAL'Gl€, ft. A remedy for the toothache.— For> 

syth. 
O-DON'TA-LlTE, n. A petrified tooth or bone. 
O-DON'TOID, a. [Gr. oSovs and ados.] Tooth-like. 
0-DON-TOL'0-<iY, ft. [Gr. oSovS and Aoyoj.] That branch 

of anatomical science which treats of the teeth. — Brande. 
O'DOR, ft. [L.] Smell ; scent ; fragrance ; a sweet or an 

offensive smell ; perfume. — To be in bad odor, to be out of 

favor. — Burke. 
o'DOR-A-MENT, ft. [L. odoramentum.] A perfume; a strong 

scent. — Burton. 
O'DOR-ATE, a. [L. odoratus.] Scented; having a strong 

scent, fetid or fragrant. — Bacon. 
O'DOR- A-TING, a. Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant. 
O-DOR-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. odoriferus.] 1. Giving scent, 

diffusing fragrance ; fragrant ; perfumed ; usually, sweet 

of scent* 2. Bearing scent. 
O-DOR-IF'ER-OUS-LY, adv. In the manner of producing 

odor. 
O-DOR-IF'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of diffusing scent; 

fragrance ; sweetness of scent 
O'DOR-IN, ft. One of the products of the redistillation of 

the volatile oil obtained by distilling bone. It has a very 

concentrated and diffusible empyreumatic odor. — Brandk. 
O'DOR-LESS, a. Free from odor. 
5T>OR-OUS, a. Sweet of scent; fragrant— Waller. 
O'DOR-OUS-LY, adv. With sweetness or fragrance. 
o'DOR-OUS-NESS, ft. Fragrance ; the quality of diffusing 

scent, or of exciting the sensation of smell. 
OD'YS-SEY, ft. [Gr. OSvavcia.] An epic poem generally 

attributed to Homer. Its subject is the return of Ulyssee 

to Ithaca after the Trojan war.— Brande. 
Q3, the Greek diphthong, has the sound of e, and in this work 

it is to some extent omitted and E substituted. 
CE-€0-NOM'I€-AL, ] 

fw^riMffS at I See Economical, Economy, Ectjmen- 
ffiJDEM'A-TOUS f ICAX- ' Edematous < Esophagus. 
CE-SOPH'A-GUS.' J 

* t Q2-IL/IAD (e-il'yad), ft. [Fr. ailladc] A glance ; a wink. 
— Shak. 

CE-NAN'THI€, a. [Gr. olvoS and avOoS.] (Enanthic ether, an 
oily liquid which gives to wine its characteristic odor. — 
(Enanthic acid, an acid obtained from cenanthic ether.— 
GraJwm,. 

o'ER, contracted from over, which see. 

OF (ov), prep. [Sax. of; G. ab ; Sw., Icel., Dan., D. of.] 
From or out of ; proceeding from cause, source, means, 
author or agent bestowing. This preposition has one pri- 
mary sense, from, departing, issuing, proceeding from, or 
out of, and a derivative sense denoting possession or prop- 
erty. Its primary sense is retained in off, the same word 
differently written for distinction. But this sense is ap- 
propriately lost in many of its applications. 

OFF, a. Most distant ; as, the off horse in a team. 

OFF, adv. 1. From, noting distance ; as, to be a rod off. % 
From, with the action of removing or separating ; as, tc 
fly off. 3. From, noting separation. 4. From, noting de- 
parture, abatement, remission, or a leaving. — 5. In paint- 
ing, it denotes projection or relief. 6. From ; away ; n«l 
toward. 7. On the opposite side of a question.— Offhand, 
without study or preparation.— Off and on, at one time 
applying and engaged, then absent or remiss.— To be off, 
in colloquial language, to depart or to recede from an 
agreement or design.— To come off. 1. To escape, or to 
fare in the event. 2. To take place, as an exhibition.— To 
get off. 1. To alight ; to come down. 2. To make escape. 
— To go off. 1. To depart; to desert. 2. To take fire; 
to be discharged, as a gun.— To take off. 1. To take away 
2. To mimic or personate.— Well off, ill off, badly off, hav- 
ing good or ill success. 

OFF, prep. 1. Not on ; as, offihe ground. 2. Distant from 
[obs.] 



' See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long. -I, £, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARSNE, BiHD ;— MftVE, BOOK 



oFY 



689 



OFF 



OFF» aa an exctamation, is a command to depart, either with | OF'FER-A-BLE, a. That may be offered. Montague. 



T without contempt or abhorrence. 

Of T'-HAND, a. and adv. [off and hand.] Without hesitation 
or previous preparation. 

OF'FAL, n. [D. afcal.) 1. Waste meat ; the parts of an ani- 
mal butchered which are unfit for use or rejected. 2. 
Carrion ; coarse meat. 3. Refuse ; that which is thrown 
away as of no value, or fit only for beasts. 4. Any thing 
of no value ; rubbish. 

OF-FENCE' (of-fensO, n. [L. offensus.) 1. Anger, or mod- 
erate anger. 2. Scandal ; cause of stumbling. 3. Any 
violation of law, divine or human ; act of wickedness or 
omission of duty. 4. An injury ; as, offence to one's mem- 
ory. — Dry den. 5. Attack ; assault ; as, weapons of offence. 
—Richardson. 6. Impediment. Matt., xvi. — Syn. Dis- 
pleasure ; umbrage ; resentment ; misdeed ; misdemean- 
or ; trespass ; transgression ; delinquency ; fault ; crime ; 
sin ; affront ; indignity ; outrage ; insult. [For remarks 
on the suelling of this word, see Offense.] 

OF-FENCE'FUL (of-fens'ful), a. Giving displeasure ; inju- 
rious. 

OF-FENCE'LESS (of-fcnsles), a. Unoffending ; innocent ; 
inoffensive . — Milton. 

OF-FEND', v. t. [L. offendo.] 1. To attack ; to assail ; [obs.] 

2. To displease ; to make angry ; to affront. It expresses 
rather less than make angry, and, without any modifying 
word, it is nearly synonymous with displease. 3. To 
shock ; to wound, as consciences. — Law. 4. To pain ; to 
annoy ; to injure. 5. To transgress ; to violate ; [little 
used. See Offend, v. i.) 6. To disturb, annoy, or cause 
to fall or stumble. 7. To draw to evil, or hinder in obedi- 
ence ; to cause to sin or neglect duty. — Matt., v. 

OF-FEND', v. i. 1. To transgress the moral or divine law ; 
to sin ; to commit a crime. 2. To cause dislike or anger. 

3. To be scandalized. 
OF-FEND'ED, pp. or a. Displeased. 

OF-FEND'ER, w. One who offends ; one who violates any 
law, divine or human ; one who does an injury. — Syn. 
Transgressor ; criminal ; culprit ; delinquent ; trespasser. 

QF-FEND'ING, ppr. or a. Displeasing ; making angry ; caus- 
ing to stumble ; committing sin. 

OF-FEND'RESS, n. A female who offends.—- Shak. 

OF-FENSE' (of-fensO, n. [L. offensus.) 1. Anger, or moder- 
ate anger. 2. Scandal ; cause of stumbling. 3. Any vio- 
lation of law, divine or human , act of wickedness or omis- 
sion of duty. 4. An injury ; as, offense to one's memory. — 
Dryden. 5. Attack; assault; as, weapons of offense. — Rich- 
ardson. 6. Impediment. Matt., xvi.— Syn. Die-pleasure ; 
umbrage; resentment; misdeed; misdemeanor; trespass; 
transgression ; delinquency ; fault ; sin ; crime ; affront ; 
indignity ; outrage ; insult. [This word, like expense, has, 
till of late, been spelled with a c. It ought, however, to 
undergo the same change with expense, the reasons being 
the same, viz. : that s must be used in offensive as in ex- 
pensive, and is found in the Latin offensio, and the French 
offense.) 

OF-FENSE'FUL (of-fens'ful), a. Giving displeasure ; inju- 
rious. 

OF-FENSE'LESS (of-fensles), a. Unoffending; innocent; 
inoffensive. — Milton. 

OF-FENS'lVE, a. [Fr. offensif] 1. Causing displeasure or 
some degree of anger. 2. Giving pain or unpleasant sen- 
sations. 3. Injurious, as to the stomach. 5. Used in at- 
tack; making the first attack; opposed to defensive. A 
league offensive and defensive is one that requires both or 
all parties to make war together against a nation, and each 
party to defend the other In case of being attacked.— Syn. 
Displeasing: disagreeable; distasteful; obnoxious; abhor- 
rent ; disgusting ; impertinent ; rude ; saucy ; reproach- 
ful ; opprobrious ; insulting ; insolent ; abusive ; scurril- 
ous ; assailant; attacking; invading. 

OF-FENS'IVE, n. The part of attacking. 

OF-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give displeasure. 

2. Injuriously ; mischievously. 3. By way of invasion or 
first iittack. 4. Unpleasantly" to the senses. 

OF-FENS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality that offends or dis- 
pleases. 2. Injuriousness ; mischief. 3. Cause of disgust. 

OFTER. v. t. [L. offwo.] 1. Literally, to bring to or before ; 
hence, to present for acceptance or rejection. 2. To pre- 
sent in words ; to make a proposal to. 3. To present, as 
an act of worship : often with up. 4. To present in prayer 
or devotion. 5. To bid, as a price, reward, or wages. 6. 
To present to the view or to the mind. — To offer violence, 
to assault; to attack or commerce attack. — Syn. To pro- 
pose ; propound ; move ; proffer : tender ; sacrifice ; im- 
molate. 

OFTER, v. i. 1. To present itself; to be at hand. 2. To 
present verbally ; to declare a willingness. 3. To make an 
attempt; [obs.] 

OFTER, n. [Fr. offre.] 1. A proposal to be accepted or re- 
jected'; presentation to choice. 2. First advance.— Shak. 

3. The act of bidding a price, or the sum bid. 4. Attempt ; 
endeavor; essay; [nearly obs.] 



OFFERED, pp. or a. Presented for acceptance or rejec- 
tion ; presented in worship or devotion ; immolated ; bid ; 
presented to the eye or the mind. 

OF'FER-ER, n. One who offers; one who sacrifices jt 
dedicates in worship. — Hjoker. 

OF'FER-ING, ppr. Presenting ; proposing ; sacrificing ; bid- 
ding ; presenting to the eye or mind. 

OF'FER-ING, n. That which is presented in divine serv- 
ice ; a sacrifice ; an oblation. 

OF'FER-TO-RY, n. [Fr. offertoire.) 1. The act of offering, 
or the thing offered.— Bacon ; [little used.]— 2. In the Ro- 
man Catholic Church, an anthem chanted, or a voluntary 
played on the organ during the offering and a part of the 
mass. Also, that part of the mass in which the priest pre- 
pares the elements for consecration.— 3. In the Church of 
England, certain sentences in the communion-office, read 
while the alms are collecting. 

t OF'FER-TURE, n. Offer ; proposal.— A'. Charles. 

OF'FICE, n. [Fr. ; L. officium.] 1. A particular duty, charge, 
or trust conferred by public authority, and for a public 
purpose ; an employment undertaken by commission oi 
authority from government or those who administer it. 
2. A duty, charge, or trust of a sacred nature conferred bj 
God himself. 3. Duty or employment of a private nature 
4. That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be 
done by a particular thing, or that which any thing is fit 
ted to perform ; function. 5. Business ; particular em 
ployment. 6. Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered ; 
service ; [usually in a good sense.] 7. Act of worship.— - 
Shak. 8. Formulary of devotion. — Taylor. 9. A house or 
apartment in which public officers and others transact 
business. — 10. In architecture, an apartment appropriated 
for the necessary business or occasions of a palace or no- 
bleman's house ; a name given to those apartments in 
which the domestics discharge the several duties attached 
to the service of a house. — 11. In the canon law, a benefice 
which has no jurisdiction annexed to it. 12. The person or 
persons intrusted with particular duties of a public nature. 

t OF'FlCE, v. t. To perform ; to do ; to discharge. — Shak. 

OFTICE-BEiR-ER, 72. One who holds office ; used chief- 
ly in the Presbyterian Church. 

OF'FI-CER, n. A person commissioned or authorized to 
perform any public duty. 

OF'FI-CER, v. t. To furnish with officers ; to appoint offi- 
cers over. — Marshall. 

OF'FI-CER£D, pp. Furnished with officers.— Addison. 

OF-FFCIAL (-fish'al), a. [Fr. officicl.) 1. Pertaining to an 
office or public trust. 2. Derived from the proper office 
or officer, or from the proper authority : made or com- 
municated by virtue of authority. 3. Conducive by virtue 
of appropriate powers ; as, official to nutrition. — Brown 
[unusual.] 

OF-Fl"CIAL, n. 1. An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a^ 
bishop, chapter, archdeacon, &c., with charge of the spirit-, 
ual jurisdiction.— 2. In a wider sense, a subordinate execu- 
tive officer or attendant. 

OF-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. By the proper officer ; by virtue of- 
the proper authority; in pursuance of the special powers. 
vested. 

OF-Fi"CIAL-TY, n. The charge or offiee of an official. 

OF-Fi"CIaTE (-fish'ate), v. i. 1. To act, as an officer in his « 



office ; to transact the appropriate business of an office or • 

rfci 
of another. 



public trust. 2. To perform the appropriate official duties 
v. t. To give in consequence of office. — 



OF-Fi"CIaTE, 
Milton. _ 

OF-Fi"CIa-TED (of-fish'a-ted), pp. 1. Given in consequence- 
of office. 2. Performed the duties of an office or the office 
of another. 

OF-Fi"CIa-TING, ppr. or a. Performing the appropriate - 
duties of an office ; performing the office of another. 

OF-FIC'I-NAL, a. [Fr. ; L. officina.) Used in a shop, or be- 
longing to it. — In pharmacy, the term is applied to those 
medicines which are directed in the Pharmacopoeia to be 
kept in apothecary shops. 

OF-FFCIOUS (-fish'us), a. [L. officiosus.) 1. Kind; oblig- 
ing ; doing kind offices. — Milton. 2. Excessively forward i 
inkindness ; importunately interposing services. 3. Busy,- . 
intermeddling in affairs in which one has no concern. 

OF-F'l"CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. Kindly; with solicitous care. 

Dryden. 2. With importunate or excessive forwardness 
— Dryden. 3. In a busy, meddling manner. 

OF-Fi"CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Eagerness to serve ; usually, an , 
excess of zeal to serve others, or improper forwardness. 
2. Service. — Brown ; [little used,.] 

OFFING, n. [from off.] That part of the sea which is at a 

• good distance from the shore. 

OFF'S€OUR-ING, n. [ofand scour.] That which is scoured i 
off; hence, refuse ; rejected matter; that which is vile or- 
despised. 

OFF'SCUM, 72. Refuse; offscouring; filth. 

OFF'SCUM, a. [off and scum.] Refuse ; vile.- Tran. of Ben 



B6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as- in thh, t ObeoUte. 



Xx 



OIL 



690 



OLI 



OFFSET, n. [off and set.] 1. A shoot; a sprout or bulb 
from the roots of a plant. — Locke. 2. A flat surface or ter- 
race on a hillside. — 3. In architecture, a horizontal ledge 
on the face of a wall, formed by a diminution of the thick- 
ness of the wall. — 4. In surveying, a perpendicular let fall 
from the stationary lines to the hedge, fence, or extrem- 
ity of an inclosure.— 5. In accounts, a sum, account, or 
value set off against another sum or account, as an equiva- 
leti. — O. Wolcott. [This is also written set-off.] 

OFF'SET, v. t. To set one account against another ; to 
make the account of one party pay the demand of anoth- 
er. — Judge Sewall. 

OFF'SET-STaFF, n. A light rod, ten chains long, used by 
surveyors in making offsets.— Buchanan. 

OFF'SPRING, to. [off and spring.] 1. A child or children ; 
a descendant or descendants. 2. Propagation ; genera- 
tion. 3. Production of any kind. — Syn. Issue ; progeny ; 
posterity. 

OF-FUS-CA 'TION \ See 0bfuscate - Obfuscation. 

OFF'WARD, adv. Leaning off, as a ship on shore. 

OFT, adv. [Sax. oft.] Often; frequently ; not rarely. — Pops. 

OFT'_N (ofn), adv. ; comp. oftener ; superl. oftenest. [Sax. 
oft.] Frequently ; many times ; not seldom. 

OFT'_N (ofn), a. Frequent. [Improper.] 

OFT'_N-€6M-ER, n. One who comes frequently.— Taylor. 

. OFT_N-NESS (ofn-nes), n. Frequency.— Hooker. 

OFT_.N-TlMES (of'n-timz), adv. [often and times.] Fre- 
quently ; often ; many times. — Hooker. 

OFTTlMES, adv. Frequently ; often.— Milton. 

OG. See Ogee. 

OG-DO-AS'TI-GH (-as'tik), n. [Gr. oydoos and arixoS.] A 
poem of eight lines. — Selden. [Little xised.] 

O _EE', n. [F. ogive, augivc.] 1. In architecture, a molding 
consisting of a round and a hollow, like a wave. Elmes. 
— 2. In gunnery, an ornamental molding. 

» OG-GA-Nl"TION (-nish'un), n. [L. obgannio.] The mur- 
muring of a dog ; a grumbling or snarling. 

OG'HAM, a. A particular kind of stenography or writing in 
cipher practiced by the ancient Irish. — Astle. — Brande. 

o'GlVE (6'jiv), n. In architecture, a term used by French 
architects to denote the Gothic vault, with its ribs and 
cross springers, &c. — Gwilt. 

O'GLE (6'gl), v. t. [D. oog.] To view with side glances, as 
in fondness or with design to attract notice. — Dryden. 

O'GLE, n. A side glance or look. — Addison. 

*)'GLER, n. One who ogles. — Addison. 

tO'GLING, ppr. Viewing with side glances. 

o'GLING, n. The act of viewing with side glances. 

oG'LI-O (6le-o). Now written olio, which see. 

o'GRE (6'ger), n. [Fr. ogre.] An imaginary monster or hid- 
eous giant of fairy tales, who lived on human beings. — 
Ar. Nights. 

6'GRESS, n. A female ogre. 

O'GRESS, n. In heraldry, a cannon ball of a black color. 

O-gYg'I-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Ogyges, the most ancient 
monarch in Greece, and to a great deluge in Attica, in his 
days. 2. Of great and dark antiquity. — Lempriere. 

5H, cxclam., denoting surprise, pain, sorrow, or anxiety. 

OIL, 77. [Sax. al ; G. oel ; Fr. huile ; It. olio ; L. oleum.] An 
unctuous substance expressed or drawn from various an- 
imal and vegetable substances. — Oil of vitriol, sulphuric 
acid. — Oil of wine, a name given to two oils obtained by 
the action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. — Ethereal oil of 
wine is oenanthic ether. — Graham. 

OIL, v. t. To smear or rub over with oil ; to lubricate with 
oil ; to anoint with oil. — Swift. 

OIL'-BAG, n. A bag, cyst, or gland in animals containing oil. 

OIL'-CIKE, n. A cake or mass of compressed flaxseed, 
from which oil has been extracted. 

OIL'-GLOTH, n. Cloth covered with oil or paint. 

OIL-C6L-OR Ckul-lur), n. A color made by grinding a 
coloring substance in oil.— Boyle. 

OIL'-GAS, n. Inflammable gas procured from oil. 

OIL'-MAN, n. One who deals in oils. 

OIL'-NUT, n. 1. The butternut of North America.— Carver. 
2. A North American shrub, Hamiltonia oleifera of Muhlen- 
burg. 

OIL'-NUT, In. A plant, a species of ricinus, the palma 

OIL -TREE, 5 Christi, from which is procured castor-oil. 

OIL'-PXINT-ING, n. 1. The art of painting in oil-colors. 2. 
A picture painted in oil-colors. 

OIL-SHOP, n. A 6hop where oils are sold. 

OIL_ED, pp. or a. Smeared or anointed with oil. — Huloet. 

•OIL'ER, n. One who oils ; formerly, one who deals in oils. 

OIL I- NESS, 7i. The quality of being oily ; unctuousness ; 
greasiness ; a quality approaching that of oil. 

•OIL'ING, ppr. Smearing or anointing with oii. 

OH/Y, a. 1. Consisting of oil ; containing oil ; having the 
qualities of oil. — Bacon. 2. Resembling oil ; as, an oily 
appearance. 3. Fatty; greasy. 

OIL'Y-GRaIN, n. A plant, sesame or sesamum, which 



OILT-PaLM, n. A palm tree, from the fruit of which palm 
oil is obtained. — P. Cyc. 

OINT, v. t. [Fr. oindre, oint.] To anoint ; to smear with an 
unctuous substance.— Dryden. 

OINT_D, pp. Anointed; smeared with an oily or greasy 
matter. 

OINT'ING, ppr. Anointing. 

OINTMENT, n. Unguent ; any soft, unctuous substance 
or compound, used for smearing, particularly the body o? 
a diseased part. 

OIS'A-NlTE, n. The same mineral with anatase, which see 

oKE, n, An Egyptian and Turkish weight, about 2£ ib* 

_ avoirdupois. 

o'KER. See Ochre. 

O'KRA, ) n. An annual plant, whose green pods, abounding 

o'KRO, 3 in nutritious mucilage, are much used in the 

_ West Indies. &c, for soups or pickles. 

OLD, a. [Sax. cald ; G. alt.] 1. Advanced far in years of 
life ; having lived beyond the middle period, or, rather, to- 
ward the end of life, or toward the end of the ordinary 
term of living. 2. HaA'ing been long made or used ; de- 
cayed by time. 3. Being of long continuance ; begun long 
ago, as acquaintance. 4. Having been long made ; not 
new or fresh. 5. Being of a former year's growth ; not 
of the last crop ; as, old corn. 6. That existed in former 
ages; as, the old Ligurians. 7. Of any duration whatever ; 
as, a month old. 8. Subsisting before something else ; as, 
the old statute. 9. Long practiced, as in sin. 10. That has 
been long cultivated. [America.] 11. More than enough : 
great. Shale. — 12. In vulgar language,, crafty ; cunning. — 
Of old, long ago ; from ancient times. Dryden. — Syn. 
Aged ; ancient ; pristine ; original ; primitive ; antique , 

_ antiquated ; old-fashioned ; obsolete. 

oLD'-agE, n. Advanced years ; the latter period of life. 

OLD BACH'E-LOR, n. An unmarried man somewhat ad 
vanced in years. 

OLD- FASHION ED, a. Formed according to obsolete fash- 

_ ion or custom. — Addison. 

oLD-GENTLE-MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to an old gentle- 
man, or like one. 

5LD MAID, n. An unmarried female somewhat advanced 

_ in years. 

oLD-RED-SAND'SToNE, n. In geology, a series of red- 
sandstone rocks lying below the coal formation. 

t oLD'-SAID, a. Long since said ; reported of old. — Spen3br 

oLD'-STYLE. See Style. 

oLD -TEST'A-MENT, n. That part of the Bible which con- 
tains the collected works of the inspired writers previous 
to Christ. — Brande. 

0LDW1FE, n. 1. A contemptuous name for an old prating 

_ woman.— 1 Tim., iv. 2. A fish of the wrasse kind. 

oLD 'EN, a. Old ; ancient.— Shah. 

oLD'ISH, a. Somewhat old. — Sherwood. 

oLD'NESS, 7i. 1. Old age ; an advanced state of life or ex- 
istence. 2. The state of being old, or of a long continu- 
ance. 3. Antiquity. 

O-LE-AG'IN-OUS, a. [L. oleaginus.] Having the qualities ol 
oil ; oily ; unctuous. — Arbuthnot. 

O-LE-AG'IN-OUS-NESS, n. Oiliness.-Boyle. 

O-LE-AN'DER, n. An evergreen flowering shrub of the 
genus nerium. 

O-LE-AS'TER, n. [L.] A shrub or tree much like the olive. 

o'LE-ATE, n. A compound of oleic acid with a salifiable 

_ base. — Chevreul. 

O'LE-Fl-ANT, a. [L. oleo, olfacio.] Olefiant gas is a com- 
pound of two equivalents of carbon and two of hydrogen. 
It is colorless, tasteless, and combustible. 

o'LE-IG, a. The oleic acid is obtained from a soap made by 
digesting hog's lard in potash lye. 

O-LE-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing oil, as oleiferous seeds. 

o'LE-IN, 7i. That portion of fat or oil which retains a liquid 
state. — Brande. 

O-LE-OM'E-TER, n. [oleum, and p.erf>ov.] An instrument to 
ascertain the weight and purity of oil. Better, eleometer. 

O-LE-O-RES'IN, n. A natural mixture of a terebinthinate 
oil and a resin. 

o'LE-ON, n. A peculiar liquid obtained by the distillation 
of a mixture of oleic acid and lime. — Brande. 

O-LE-O-SAC'CHA-RUM, n. A mixture of oil and sugar ■ 
more properly, eleosaccharum. 

5'LE-OUS' \ a ' \- L - ° leosus -l Oily.— Ray. [Little used.] 
OL-E-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L.. oleraceus.] Pertaining to pot-herbs 

of the nature or qualities of herbs for cookery. 
OL-FACT, v. t. [L. olfacto.] To smell ; [used in burlesque, 

but not otherwise authorized.] — Hudibras. 
OL-FACTO-RY, a. [L. olfacio.] Pertaining to smelling; 

having the sense of smelling. — Locke. 
O-LIB'A-NUM, ) 7i. [Ar.] An inspissated sap, obtained from 
OL'I-BAN, 5 an Asiatic tree called Boswellia serrata, ol 
a bitterish flavor, and sometimes used in medicine. It 
burns with an agreeable odor, and is the frankincense 
(thus) of the ancients. 



A, E, I, &c, long.— i, E, t, <fec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;_MARlNE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



OMN 



691 



ON 



OI/ID, I a. [L. olidus.] Fetid ; having a strong, disa- 

OL'ID-OUS, 5 greeable smell.— Boyle. [Little, used.] 

Z\5SltmkkU I a - Pertainill S to oligarchy.-*^. 

QL'I-GAR€H-Y, n. [Gr. o^iyapx^-] A form of government 
in which the supreme power is placed in a few hands ; a 
species of aristocracy. 

OL'I-GIST, la. [Gr. oXiyioTos.] Oligist iron, so called, is 

OL-I-GISTIC, 5 specular iron ore. — Dana. 

o'LI-O, n. [It.] 1. A mixture ; a medley. 2. A miscellany ; 
a collection of various pieces. 

OL'ITO-RY, a. [L. olitor.] Belonging to a kitchen-garden ; 
as, olitory seeds. — Evelyn. 

OL-I-Va'CEOUS (-shus), a. [from L. oliva.] Of the color of 
the olive ; olive-green ; green mixed with brown. — Lindley. 

OL-I- VASTER, a. [Fr. olivdtre.] Of the color of the olive ; 
tawny. — Bacon. 

OL'IVE, n. [L. oliva; Fr. olive.] A plant or tree of the ge- 
nus olea, which is much cultivated in the south of Europe 
for its fruit, also called the olive, from which is expressed 
the olive-oil. The emblem of peace. 

OL'IVE BRANCH, n. A branch of the olive-tree ; the em- 
blem of peace. 

OL'I VE-Y iRD, n. An inclosure or piece of ground in which 
olives are cultivated. — Ex., xxiii. 

OL'IVi?D, a. Decorated with olive-trees.— Warton. 

OL'I- VEN-lTE, n. An olive-green ore of copper. 

OL'I- VILE (-vil), n. A peculiar amylaceous or crystalline 
substance, obtained from the gum of the olive-tree. — 
Brande. 

OL'I- VINE \ n ' ^ var * et y OI " chrysolite, which see. 

OL'LA, n. [S-p.\ An olio. — Ben Jonson. 

OL'LA-PO-DRi'DA, n. [Sp.] A favorite Spanish dish, con- 
sisting of a mixture of various kinds of meat chopped fine 
and stewed with vegetables. Hence, the term is used 
metaphorically for any incongruous melange. 

OL'O-GRAPH. .See Holograph. 

0-LYMTI-AD, n. [L. Olympics; Gr. OXviima?.] A period 
of four years reckoned from one celebration of the Olym- 
pic games to another, and constituting an important epoch 
in history and chronology. The first Olympiad began 776 
B.C. 

O-LYM'PI-AN, a. Pertaining to Olympus, or to Olympia, a 
town in Greece. 

O-LYM'PIC GaMES, > n. pi. Solemn games among the an- 

O-LYM'PICS, > cient Greeks, dedicated to Olympian 

Jupiter, and celebrated once in four years at Olympia. See 
Olympiad. 

OM'BER, 1 7i. [Fr.] A game at cards, usually played by 

OM'BRE, 5 three persons. 

OM-BROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. orfpos and iierpov.) A machine 
or instrument to measure the quantity of rain that falls ; a 
rain-gauge. 

O-Me'GA, n. [Gr. great O.] The name of the last letter of 
the Greek alphabet, as Alpha, A, is the first. Hence, in 
Scripture, Alpha and Omega denote the first and the last, 
the beginning and the ending. — Bzo. 

OM'E-LET, n. [Fr. omelette.] A kind of pan-cake or fritter 

_ made with eggs and other ingredients. 

O'MEN, n. [L. omen.] A sign or indication of some future 
event ; a prognostic ; a presage. 

0'MEN.ED, a. Containing an omen or prognostic. 

O-MEN'TUM, n. [L.] In anatomy, the caul or epiploon ; a 
membranaceous covering, lying in front of the intestines. 

o'MER, n. [Heb.] A Hebrew measure, the tenth of an epha. 

OM-I-LETIC-AL, a. [Gr. bui\r, T iKos.] Affable ; polite ; gift- 
ed in conversation. — Farindon. [Not in use.] 

OM'IN-.vTE, v. t. [h.ominor.] To presage ; to foreshow; to 
foretoken. — Decay of Piety. [Little used.] 

OM'IN-aTE, v. i. To foretoken. 

OM-IN-A'TION, n. A foreboding ; a presaging ; prognostic. 
— Brown. [Little used.] 

OM'IN-OUS, a. [L. ominosus.] 1. Foreboding or presaging 
evil ; indicating a future evil event ; inauspicious. 2. Fore- 
showing or exhibiting signs of good. 

OMTN-OUS-LY, adv. With good or bad omens. 

OM1N-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ominous. 

O-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [L. omissus.] That may be omitted. 

O-MIS'SION (o-mish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. omissio.] 1. Neglect or 
failure to do something which a person had power to do, 
o? which duty required to be done. 2. A leaving out ; neg- 
lect or failure to insert or mention. 

O-MIS'SIVE, a. Leaving out— Stackkouse. 

O-MIS'SIVE-LY, adv. By omittiag. 

O-MIT, v. t. [L. omitto.] 1. To leave, pass by, or neglect ; 
to fail or forbear to do or to use. 2. To leave out ; not to 
insert or mention. 
0-MITTANCE, n. Forbearance ; neglect.— Shah. 

O-MITTED, pp. Neglected ; passed by ; left out. 
D-MITTING, ppr. Neglecting or failing to do or use ; pass- 
ing by ; leaving out. 
OM'NI-BUS, n. [L. plural dative for all, from omnis.] A 



covered vehicle, commonly a large carriage with seats run- 
ning lengthwise, used for conveying passengers a short 
distance, in a city or from village to village, or from a city 
to its environs. 

OM-NI-FaHI-OUS, a. [Low L. omnifarius.] Of ah varie- 
ties, forms, or kinds. — Bentley. 

OM-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. aet^Jer.] All-bearing ; producing 
all kinds. — Diet. 

OM-NIFTG, a. [L. omnis and fa*:io.] All-creating.— jkfi&m. 

Oj\rNI-FORM, a. [L. omnis and forma.] Having every form 
or shape. —Diet. 

OM-NI-FORM'I-T Y, n. The quality of having every form. 
More. 

OM-NlG'EN-OUS, a. [L. omnigenus.] Consisting of all kinds. 
—Diet. 

OM-NI-PAR'I-TY, n. [L. omnis and par.] General equality. 
— White. 

OM-NI-PER-CIP'I-ENCE, n. [L. omnis and percipiens.] Per- 
ception of every thing. — More. 

OM-NI-PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. Perceiving every thing. 

OM-NIP'O-TENCE, ) n. [L. omnipotens.] 1. Almighty dow- 

OM-NIP'O-TEN-C Y, 5 er ; unlimited or infinite powlr ; a 
word in strictness applicable only to God. 2. Unlimited 
power over particular things. 

OM-NIP'O-TENT, a. 1. Almighty j possessing unlimited 
power ; all-powerful. 2. Having unlimited power of a 
particular kind; as, omnipotent love. — Sliak. 

OM-NIP'O-TENT, n. One of the appellations of the God- 
head. 

OM-NIP'O-TENT-LY, adv. With almighty power.— Young. 

OM-NI-PRES'ENCE, n. [L. omnis and presens.] Presence 
in every place at the same time ; unbounded or universal 
presence ; ubiquity. 

OM-NI-PRES'ENT, a. Present in all places at the same time ; 
ubiquitary. 

OM-NI-PRE-SENTIAL, a. Implying universal presence. 

OM-NIS'CIENCE, \n. [L. omnis and scientia.] The quati- 

OM-NIS'CIEN-CY, $ ty of knowing all things at once ; uni- 
versal knowledge ; knowledge unbounded or infinite. 

OM-NIS'CIENT (om-nish'ent), a. Having universal knowl- 
edge, or knowledge of all things ; infinitely knowing. — Syn. 
All-knowing ; all-discerning ; all-searching ; all-seeing • all- 
beholding. 

OM-NIS'CIENT-LY, adv. By omniscience. 

t OM-NIS'CIOUS, a. [L. omnis and scio.] All-knowing. 

OM'NI-UM, n. [L. omnis.] The aggregate of certain por- 
tions of different stocks in the public funds. 

OM'NI-UM-GATH'ER-UM, n. A cant term for a miscella 
neous collection of things or persons. — Selden. 

OM-NIV'A-GANT, a. [L. omnis and vagor.] Wandering any 
where and every where. 

OM-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. omnivorus.] All-devouring; eat- 
ing every thing indiscriminately. — Burke. 

OM'O-PLITE, n. [Gr. wfjioi wad nXarvS.] Theshculder-blade 
or scapula. 

OM'PHA-CINE, a. [Gr. o^aKivos-] Pertaining to or ex- 
pressed from unripe fruit. — Omphacine oil, or ompJiacine, a 
viscous brown juice or oil extracted from green olives. 

OM'PHA-CITE, n. A pale leek-green variety of augite. 

OM-PHAL'IC, a. [Gr. ofKpaXus.] Pertaining to the navel. 

OM'PHA-LO-CeLE, n. [Gr. o^0uAos and kt/Xv] A rupture 
at the navel. — Coxe. 

OM-PHA-LOP'SY-€HlTE, n. [Gr. Oj i(pa\oi and ipyxv-] One 
of a sect which pretended to derive pleasure from sitting 
with their eyes fixed on the navel. — Bib. Repos., 2, 249. 

OM-PHA-LOP'TER, \n. [Gr. Oj u0aAo<r and oxtikoS.] Anop- 

OM-PHA-LOP'TI€, > tical glass that is convex on both 
sides ; commonly called a convex lens. 

OM-PHA-LOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. o^aXoi and tc^lvio.] The op- 
eration of dividing the navel-string. 

t O'MY, a. Mellow, as land. — Ray. 

ON, prep. [G. an ; D. aan ; Goth, ana.] 1. Being in contact 
with the"" surface or upper part of a thing and supported 
by it ; placed or lying in contact with the surface. 2. 
Coming or falling to the surface of any thing. 3. P3rform- 
ing or acting by contact with the surface, upper part, or 
outside of any thing, as on an instrument of music. 4. 
Noting addition ; as, mischief on mischief. 5. At or near; 
as, a city is on a river. 6. It denotes resting for support 
7. At or in the time of; as, on Sunday he died. 8. At the 
time of, with some reference to cause or motive ; as, to 
be exhibited on great occasions. 9. It is put before the ob- 
ject of some passion, with the sense of toward, or for. 10. 
At the peril of, or for the safety of.— Dry den. 11. Denot- 
ing a pledge or engagement, or put before the thing pledg- 
ed; as, on one's word. 12. Noting imprecation or invoca- 
tion, or coming to. falling, or resting on ; as, " his blood b*> 
on us." — Malt., xxvii., 25. 13. In consequence of, or imme- 
diately after; as, to dismiss on application. 14. Noting 
part, distinction, or opposition. 

On the way, on the road, denote pre ceeding. traveling, jour 
neying, or making progress. — On the alert, in a state of 
vigilance or activity. — On high, in an elevated place ; sub 



,D<WE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; CH as SH; f H OS in titis. t Obsolete. 



ONO 



692 



OPA 



timely..— On fire, in a state of burning or inflammation, 
and, metaphorically, in a rage or passion. — On a sudden, 
suddenly. — On the wing, in flight ; flying ; metaphorically, 
departing. 

ON, adv. 1. Forward, in progression ; onward ; as, march 
on. 2. Forward, in succession. 3. In continuance ; with- 
out interruption or ceasing ; as, speak on. 4. Adhering ; 
not off; as, to be off and on, i. e., unsteady, irresolute. 5. 
Attached to the body ; as, to have on a dress. — On is used 
to denote contact with the upper surface of any thing, or 
with the side, in opposition to under, within, or off. 

ON'A-GER, n. [L.\ The wild ass. 

O'NAN-ISM, n. [from Onan, in Scripture.] The crime of 
eelf-pollution. 

ONCE (wuns), adv. [from one. So D. eens. from een, and G. 
einst, from ein, one.] 1. One time. 2. One time, though 
no more. 3. At one former time ; formerly. 4. At the 
same point of time ; not gradually. — At once, at the same 
time. — Once is used as a noun, when preceded by this or 
that ; as, this once, that once. 

ONCE (ons), n. [Fr.] A wild Asiatic animal of the cat kind, 
felts uncia. 

ON D'lT (on' de). [Fr.] They say, or it is said ; hence, a 
flying rumor. 

ONE (wun), a. [Sax. an, een ; D. een ; G. ein ; Sw. en ; Dan. 
en or een ; Ice. einn; W. un or yn; L. unus ; Gr. kv ; It., 
Sp. uno ; Port, hum ; Fr. un ; Arm. unan ; Ir. an, aon.] 1. 
Single in number ; individual. — 2. Indefinitely, some or 
any. 3. It follows any. 4. Different ; diverse ; opposed 
to another. 5. It is used with another, to denote mutuality 
or reciprocation. 6. It is followed by with another, to de- 
note average or mean proportion. 7. One of two ; op- 
posed to other. 8. Single by union ; undivided ; the same. 
9. Single in kind ; the same. — All one, just the same ; as, 
it is all one what course you take. — At one, in union ; in 
agreement ; or concord. — In one, in union ; in one united 
body. — One, like many other adjectives, is used without a 
noun, and is to be considered as a substitute for some 
noun understood; as, let the men depart one by one; 
count them one by one ; every one has his peculiar habits. 
In this use, as a substitute, one may have a plural ; as, the 
great ones of the earth. — One o'clock, one hour of the clock, 
that is, as signified or represented by the clock. — One is 
used indefinitely for any person ; as, one sees ; one knows ; 
after the French manner, on voit. 

ONE'-aRCHjED (wun'-archt), a. Having one arch. — Mrs. 
Butler. 

ONE'-BER-RY (wun'-ber-ry), n. An herb, true love. 

ONE'-EYJED (wun' ide), a. Having one eye only. — Dryden. 

ONE'-SlD-ED (wun-), a. Having one side only ; hence, lim- 
ited to one side ; partial ; as, a one-sided view or statement. 

ONE-SlD'ED-NESS, n. State of being one-sided. 

0-NEl-RO-€RITT€, n. [Gr. oveipoKpniKoi.] An interpreter 
of dreams ; one who judges what is signified by dreams. 

0-NEl-RO-€RITie, ) a. Pertaining to the interpreta- 

0-NEl-RO-€RIT'I€-AL, } tion of dreams, or pretending to 

O-NI-RO-CRITIC, ) judge of future events signified 

by dreams. 

0-NEl-RO-€RITI€S, n. pi. The art of interpreting dreams. 

O-NEl'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ovtipov and uavrtia.] Divina- 
tion by dreams. — Spenser. 

tONE'MENT (wun'ment), n. State of being one. 

ONE'NESS (wun'nes), n. Singleness in number ; individu- 
ality ; unity ; the quality of being one. 

ON'ER-A-RY, a. [L. onerarius.] Fitted or intended for the 
carriage of burdens ; comprising a burden. 

ON'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. oneroA To load ; to burden. 

ON'ER-A-TED, pp. Loaded; burdened. 

ON-ER-A'TION, n. The act of loading. 

ON'ER-OUS, a. [L. onerosus.] 1. Burdensome ; oppressive. 
— 2. In Scots law, being for the advantage of both parties. 

ON'ER-OUS-LY, adv. So as to burden or oppress. 

f ON'E Y-ER, 7i. An accountant of the Exchequer. — Shah. 

ON'ION (un'yun), n. [Fr. ognon.] A plant of the genus 
allium ; and, particularly, its bulbous root, used for food. 

ON-KOTO-MY, n. [Gr. oyxos and rtuvu).] In surgery, the 
opening of a tumor or abscess. — Encyc. 

5NTJ-NESS, n. The state of being alone.— John Howe. 

5NLY, a. [Sax. anlic] 1. Single ; one alone. 2. This and 
no other. 3. This above all others. — Johnson. 

ON'LY, adv. 1. Singly ; merely ; barely ; in one manner or 
for one purpose alone. 2. This and no other wise. 3. 
Singly ; without more. 

ON'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ovo/ia and uavrtia.] Divination by 
the letters of a name. — Camden. 

ON-O-MANTIC, 1 a. Predicting by names, or the letters 

ON-O-MAN'TIC-AL, 5 composing names. — Camden. 

ON-0-MAS'TI-€ON, n. [Gr. ovoua.] A dictionary or com- 
mon-place book. — Brande. 

ON-0-MA-TE€H'NY, n. [Gr. ovoua and rtxvn-] Prognosti- 
cation by the letters of a name. 

ON-O-MA-TOL O-GIST, n. One conversant with onoma- 
tology. 



ON-O-MA-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ovouara and \oyo$ : ] The sci 
ence of the derivation, &c, of the names of persons or 
things, or a treatise on the subject. 

ON-O-MA-TO-PCE'IA, n. [Gr. ovouaroiroia.] 1. In grammar 
and rhetoric, a figure in which words are formed to re 
semble the sound made by the thing signified. 2. A word 
whose sound corresponds to the sound of the thing sig- 
nified. 

O-NOM-A-TO-PO-ETTC, a. Formed to resemble the sound 
of the thing signified.— Robinson. 

ON'SET, n. [on and set.] 1. A rushing or setting upon ; t 
violent attack ; assault ; a storming ; the assault of an 
army upon an enemy. 2. An attack of any kind. 

t ON'SET, v. t. To assault ; to begin.— Carew. 

ON-SETTING, n. A rushing or assaulting. 

ONSLAUGHT (on'slaut), n. [Sax. onslcegan.] Attack ; on 
set ; aggression ; assault. — Hudibras. 

ON'STeAD (-sted), n. A single farm-house. — Grose. 

ON-TO-LOrt'I€, I a. Pertaining to the science of being 

ON-TO-LOd'I€-AL, J in general and its attributes.— Onto- 
logical proof, the a priori argument for the being of God 
derived from the necessary existence of time and space. 

ON-TO-LOO'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of ontology. 

ON-TOL'O-GlST, n. One who treats of or considers the 
nature and qualities of being in general. 

ON-TOL'O-OY, n. [Gr v ovra, from aui and Xoyo?.] That 
part of the science of metaphysics which investigates and 
explains the nature and essence of all beings. 

6'NUS. [L.] The burden. — Onus proban'di, the burden ot 
proof. 

ON'WARD, adv. [Sax. ondward, andweard.] 1. Toward the 
point before or in front ; forward ; progressively ; in ad- 
vance. 2. In a state of advanced progression. 3. A little 
further or forward. 

ON'WARD, a. 1. Advanced or advancing ; progressive. 2. 
Increased ; improved. 3. Conducting ; leading forward 
to perfection. 

ON'Y-CHA, n. [from Gr. owl-] The shell or cover of a 
species of muscle found in the lakes of India, where the 
nard grows, and which, when burned, emits a musky 
odor. — Exod., xxx., 34.— Gesenius. 

t ON' Y-CHlTE, n. A kind of marble or alabaster.— Ash 

O'NY-CHO-MAN-CY, n. Divination by the nails. 

c/NYX, n. [Gr. owl 5 L. onyx.] Chalcedony, consisting ot 
parallel layers of different shades of color, and used foi 

_ making cameos. — Dana. 

o'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. wov and \i9oS.] A calcareous stona 
made up of round grains of the size of the roe of a fish. - 
Dana. 

o-O-LITIC, a. Pertaining to oolite; composed, of, or re- 
sembling, oolite. 

OOZE (ooz), v. i. [Sax. waes, water.] To flow gently ; to 
percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance, or 
through small openings. 

OOZE, n. 1. Soft mud or slime ; earth so wet as to flow 
gently or easily yield to pressure. 2. Soft flow ; spring. 
3. The liquor of a tan- vat. 

OOZ'ING, ppr. Flowing gently ; percolating. 

OOZ'INGS, n. pi. Issues of a fluid.— Keats. 

OOZ'Y, a. Miry ; containing soft mud ; resembling ooze.- 
Pope. 

toTA-CITE or IO-Pa'CaTE, v. t. [L. opaco.] To shade, 
to darken ; to obscure ; to cloud.— Boy le. 

O-PAC'I-TY, n. [L. opacitas.] 1. Opaqueness ; the quality 
of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of 
light ; want of transparency. 2. Darkness ; obscurity. 

0-Pa'€OUS, a. [L. opacus.] 1. Not pervious to the rays of 
light ; not transparent. 2. Dark ; obscure. See Opaque. 

O-Pa'COUS-NESS, n. Imperviousness to light— Evelyn. 

O'PAH, n. A large sea-fish, also called the king-fish. Ita 
back is of a steel blue color, its flanks of a rich green, and 
its abdomen of a rose color. 

O-PaKE'. See Opaque. 

o'PAL, n. [L. opalus or opalum.] A mineral, consisting of 
silex and a few per cent, of water. — Precious opal presents 
a peculiar play of colors, and is highly esteemed as a gem. 
— Fire opal has the red and yellow colors of flame.— Com- 
mon opal has a milky appearance. — Dana. 

O-PAL-ESCE', v. i. To give forth a play of colors like the 
opal. — Cleaveland. 

O-PAL-ES'CENCE, n. Reflection of a milky or pearly light 
from the interior of a mineral. 

O-PAL-ES'CENT, a. Reflecting a milky or pearly light from 
the interior. — Kirwan. 

o'PAL-INE, a. Pertaining to or like opal. 

o'PAL-lZE, v. t. To convert into a substance like opal. 

o'PAL-iZED, pp. or a. Converted into a substance reseni 
bling opal ; as, opalized wood. — Cleaveland. 

O-PaQUE', )a. [L. opacus; Fr. opaque.) 1. Impervious t<t 

O-PaKE', 5 the rays of light; not transparent. 2. Dark, 
obscure. 

O-PIQUE'NESS (o-pake'-), n. The quality of being imper 
vious to light ; want of transparency ; opacity. 



' See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c„ long.— I, £, I, &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ,— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE. BOOK, 



OPE 



693 



OPH 



1 6PE, a. Open. 

6PE, v. t. and i. To open. [Used only in poetry.] 

oTEN (6'pn), a. [Sax., D. open ; G. off en.] 1. Not shut or 
closed. 2. Spread; expanded. 3. Unsealed, as a letter 
4. Not shut or fast. 5. Not covered, as a well. 6. Not 
covered with trees ; clear ; as, the open fields. 7. Not 
stopped, as a vial. 8. Not fenced or obstructed, as a road. 
9. Not frosty ; warmer than usual ; not freezing severely ; 
as, an open winter. 10. Before a court and its suitors ; as, 
a confession in open court. 11. Admitting all persons 
without restraint ; free to all comers. 12. Clear of ice, as 
n bay. 13. Not secret or concealed ; as, an open shame. 
14. Not wearing disguise ; as, an open heart. 15. Not 
clouded ; not contracted or frowning ; having an air of 
frankness and sincerity ; as, an open look. 16. Not hid- 
den ; exposed to view. 17. Ready to hear or receive 
what is offered ; as, an open ear. 18. Free to be employ- 
ed for redress ; not restrained or denied ; not precluding 
any person ; as. the law is open. — Acts, xix., 38. 19. Not 
protected ; without defense ; as, open to attack. 20. At- 
tentive ; employed in inspection. 21. Clear ; unobstruct- 
ed ; as, in open prospect. 22. Unsettled ; not balanced or 
closed ; as, open accounts. 23. Not closed ; free to be de- 
bated, as a question or subject. — 24. In music, an open 
note is that which a string is tuned to produce. — Syn. Un- 
closed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; appar- 
ent ; obvious ; evident ; public ; unreserved ; frank ; can- 
did ; sincere ; undissembling ; ingenuous ; artless. 

{VP.EN (6'pn), v. t. [Sax. openian ; D. opencn.] 1. To un- 
close ; to unbar ; to unlock ; to remove any fastening or 
cover and set open. 2. To break the seal of a letter and 
fcnfold it. 3. To separate parts that are close. 4. To re- 
move a covering from. 5. To cut through ; to perforate ; 
to lance, as a dead body. 6. To break ; to divide ; to split 
or rend. 7. To clear ; to make by removing obstructions ; 
as, to open a street. 8. To spread ; to expand, as one's 
hand. 9. To unstop. 10. To begin ; to make the first ex- 
hibition ; as, to open a cause, work, &c. 11. To show ; to 
bring to view or knowledge. — Abbot. 12. To interpret ; 
to explain. 13. To reveal ; to disclose. 14. To make lib- 
eral. 15. To make the first discharge of artillery. 16. To 
enter on or begin, as a communication with any one. 17. 
To begin to see by the removal of something that inter- 
cepted the view. 

3T.EN (6'pn), v. i. 1. To unclose itself; to be unclosed ; to 
be parted. 2. To begin to appear. 3. To commence ; to 
begin. 4. To bark on scent or view of the game ; [a term 
in hunting.'] 

0'P-EN-Ei.ED (6'pn-ide), a. Watchful ; vigilant. 

O'PEN-HAND'ED (6'pn-hand'ed), a. Generous ; liberal ; 
munificent. — Rowe. 

5'P.EN-HEaRT'ED (6'pn-harf ed), a. Candid ; frank ; gen- 
erous. 

oTEN-HEaRT'ED-LY, adv. With frankness ; without re- 
serve. — Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

oPEN-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; candor ; sincer- 
ity ; munificence ; generosity. — Johnson. 

OT EN-MOUTHED, a. Greedy ; ravenous ; clamorous. — 
L' Estrange. 

oTENED (6'pnd),£p. Unclosed; unbarred; unsealed; un- 
covered ; revealed ; disclosed ; made plain ; freed from 
obstruction. 

O'PEN-ER (6'pn-er), n. 1. One who opens or removes any 
fastening or covering. 2. One who explains ; an inter- 
preter. — Shah. 3. That which separates; that which 
rends. 4. An aperient in medicine. 

oTJEN-ING (6'pn-ing), ppr. 1. Unclosing; unsealing; un- 
covering ; revealing ; interpreting. 2. a. First in ordor. 

'YPEN-ING (6'pn-ing), n. 1. A breach; an aperture ; a hole 
or perforation. 2. A place admitting entrance, as a bay 
or creek. 3. Beginning ; commencement ; first appear- 
ance. 

~>TEN-LY (6'pn-ly), adv. 1. Publicly ; not in private ; with- 
out secrecy. 2. Plainly ; evidently ; without reserve or 
disguise. 

y'PEN-NESS (c.'pn-nes), n. 1. Freedom from covering or 
obstruction. 2. Plainness ; clearness ; freedom from ob- 
scurity or ambiguity. 3. Freedom from disguise ; unre- 
servedness ; plainness. 4. Expression of frankness or 
candor. 5. Unusual mildness ; freedom from snow and 
frost. 

OP'E-RA, n. [It., Sp., Fr., from L. opera.] A dramatic com- 
position set to music and sung on the stage, accompanied 
with musical instruments, and enriched with magnificent 
dresses, machines, dancing. &c. 

OP'ERA-GLXSS. n. A small perspective glass used in 
theatres, operas, &c. One kind is simply a spy-glass. An- 
other kind is designed for seeing objects that do not lie di- 
rectly before the eye. It has a hole in its side, through 
which the rays coming from the object are received on a 
plane mirror placed obliquely within the tube, and thence 
reflected to the eye at the end of the tube. — Brande. — 
Hutton. 



OP'E-RA-HOUSE, n. A house or theatre for the represent- 
ation of operas. 

t OP'ER-A-BLE, a. Practicable.— Brown. 

OP-E-RAM'E-TER, n. [L. opera and Gr. yurpov.] An is 
strument for determining the number of revolution* 
made by a wheel in making cloth. — Ure. 

t OP'ER-ANT, a. Having power to produce an effect ; op 
erative. 

OP'ER-ANT, n. One who operates.— Coleridge. 

OPTIR-aTE, v. i. [L.operor, Sp. operar ; Fr.opcrer.] 1. 1v 
act ; to exert power or strength, physical or mechanical. 
2. To act or produce effect on the mind ; to exert moral 
power or influence. — 3. In surgery, to perform some 
manual act in a methodical manner upon a human body, 
and usually with instruments, with a view to restore 
soundness or health ; as in amputation, lithotomy, and 
the like. 4. To act ; to have agency ; to pro luce any 
effect^ 

OP'ER-aTE, v. t. To effect ; to produce by agency.— Ham- 
ilton. [Not vjell authorized.] 

OP-E-RAT'IC, ? a. Pertaining to the opera ; resembling 

OP-E-RAT'IC-AL, $ the opera.— Busby. 

OP'ER-A-TING, ppr. Acting ; exerting agency or power , 
performing some manual act in surgery. 

OP-ER-A'TION, n. [L. operatio.] 1. The act or process of 
operating ; agency ; the exertion of power, physical, me- 
chanical, or moral. 2. Action } effect. 3. Process ; ma- 
nipulation ; series of acts in experiments. — 4. In surgery, 
any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with 
instruments, on the human body, with a view to heal a 
part diseased, fractured, or dislocated, as in amputation, 
&c. 5. Action or movements of an army or fleet 6 
Movements of machinery. 7. Movements of any phys 
ical body. 

OP'ER-A-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of acting j exert- 
ing force, physical or moral ; having or exerting agency , 
active in the production of effects. 2. Efficacious ; pro 
ducing the effect. 

OP'ER-A-TlVE, n. A term applied to laborers or work 
men, especially in manufacturing: establishments. 

OP'ER-a-TOR, n. 1. He or that which operates ; he or 
that which produces an effect.— 2. In surgery, the person 
who performs some act upon the human body by means 
of the hand, or with instruments. 

0-PER'€U-LATE, > a. [L. operculatus.] In botany, having 

0-PER'€U-La-TED, 5 a fid or cover, as a capsule. 

0-PER'€U-LI-FORM, a. [L. operculum and form.] Having 
the form of a lid or cover. 

0-PER'€U-LUM, n. [L.] A lid or cover ; particularly, 1. 
In botany, the lid of a pitcher-form leaf. 2. The cover of 
the seed-vessel of certain moss-like plants. — 3. In concholo- 
gy, the plate which closes the orifice of a shell. — 4. In ich- 
thyology, the apparatus, supported by bones, which pro- 
tects the gills of fishes. — Brande. 

OP-ER-5SE', a. [L. operosus.] Laborious ; attended with 
labor ; tedious. — Burnet. 

OP-ER-oSE'NESS, n. The state of being laborious. 

t_OP-ER-OS'I-TY, n. Operation ; action.— Bp. Hall. 

oPETlDE, n. [ope and tide.] The ancient time of mar- 
riage, from Epiphany to Ash-Wednesday. — Bp. Hall. 

OPH'I-CLElDE, n. [Gr. ofis and kXeis.] The largest brass 
wind instrument used in the orchestra of the trumpet 
kind, having a compass of three octaves. — Brande. 

O-PHID'I-AN, n. [Gr. o<£<?, a serpent.] An animal of the 
serpent kind, as the boa, &c. The order is called 
ophidia. 

O-PHID'I-AN, a. [Gr. od>is ■] Pertaining to serpents. 

O-PHIDI-ON, n. [Gr. from <j>is.] An eel-shaped sea-fish 

oIhI-O-LoIiI-AL, 1 a - Perta ^g to ophiology. 
O-PHI-OL'O-GIST, n. One versed in the natural history of 

serpents. 
O-PHI-OL'O-GY, to. [Gr. oft$ and UyoS.] That part of nat- 

ural history which treats of serpents, or which arranges 

and describes the several kinds. 
O'PHI-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. otyiS and pavrsia.] In antiquity 

the art of divinine or predicting events by serpents. 
O-PHI-O-MORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. o(piS and poptj>ri.] Having 

the form of a serpent. — Ray. 
O-PHI-OPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. ofis and <payu.] Eating or 

feeding on serpents. — Brovm. 
5THITE, a. [Gr. o<piS-] Pertaining to a serpent. 
o'PHITE, n. [Gr. ofirr^.] Green porphyry, or serpentine. 
o'PHiTES, n. pi. One of the Gnostic sects of the second 

century, who paid worship to a serpent. 
0-PHI-U'€HUS, n. (Gr. O(0iw%os,] A constellation in the 

northern hemisphere. — Milton. 
OPH-THAL'MI-A. See Ophthalmy. 

* OPH-THAL'MI€ (of-thal'-), a. Pertaining to the eye. 

* OPH-THAL-MOS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. o<pO, t \uos and GKo-rrtu.] 

A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge 
of a man's temper and manner from the appearance of 
the eyes. 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



OPP 



694 



OPP 



OPH-THAL-MO-TOL'O-GlST, n. One versed in ophthal- 
motology. 

OPH-THAL-MO-TOL'O-GY, n. Science of ophthalmia, or 
a treatise on it. — Med. Jonrn. 

* OPH'THAL-MY, n. [Gr. ofdaXuta.] Inflammation of the 
eye or its appendages. 

o'PI-ATE, n. [from opium.] 1. Primarily, a medicine of a 
thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. 2. 
Any medicine that contains opium, and has the quality of 
inducing sleep or repose ; a narcotic. 3. That which in- 

_ duces rest or inaction ; that which quiets uneasiness. 

o'PI-ATE, a. 1. Inducing sleep ; soporiferous ; somnifer- 
ous ; narcotic. 2. Causing rest or inaction. 

5'PI-A-TED, a. Mixed with opiates ; under the influence 
of opiates. 

O-PIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ops, opis, and fero.] Bringing help. 

i OP'I-FiCE, n. [L. opificium.] Workmanship. 

f O-PIF'I-CER, n. [L. opifex.] One who performs any work. 
— Bentley. 

\ O-PlN'A-BLE, a. [L. opinor.] That may be thought 

\ OP-I-Na'TION, n. Act of thinking ; opinion.— Diet. 

fO-PIN'A-TlVE, a. Stiif in opinion.— Burton. 

t OP-I-Na'TOR, 7i. One fond of his own opinions ; one who 
holds an opinion. — Glanville. 

O-PlNE', v. i. [L. opinor.] To think. [Obs. orfyuaint.] 

f O-PlN.BD' (o-pind), pp. Thought ; conceived. 

i O-PlN'ER, n. One who thinks or holds an opinion. 

f O-PIN-IAS'TER )a. [Fr. opinidtre.] Unduly attached 

tO-PIN-IAS'TROUS, > to one's own opinion, or stiff in ad- 

(■ O-PIN-II'TRE, > hering to it— Raleigh. 

i O-PIN'IaTE (o-pin'yate), v. t. To maintain one's opinion 
with obstinacy. — Barrow. 

O-PIN'Ia-TED, a. Unduly attached to one's own opinions. 

O-PIN-II'TER, I a. Stiff' in opinion ; obstinate.— Bar- 
O-PIN-I-a'TRE, 5 row. 

O-PIN'IA-TlVE, a. 1. Very stiff in adherence to precon- 
ceived notions. 2. Imagined ; not proved. 

O-PIN'IA-TlVE-NESS, n. Undue stiffness in opinion. 

t O-PIN-Ia'TOR, n. One unduly attached to his own opinion. 

O-PIN-1 a'TRE, n. One fond of his own notions. — Barrow. 

\ O-PIN'IA-TRY, n. Unreasonable attachment to one's own 
notions ; obstinacy in opinions. — Brown. 

I O-PlN'ING, ppr. Thinking. 

f O-PlN'ING, n. Opinion ; notion.— Taylor. 

O-PIN'ION (o-pin'yun). n. [Fr. ; L. opinio.] 1. The judg- 
ment which the mind forms of any proposition, state- 
ment, theory, or event, the truth or falsehood of which is 
supported by a degree of evidence that renders it proba- 
ble, but does not produce absolute knowledge or certain- 
ty. 2. The judgment which the mind forms of persons 
or their qualities. 3. Settled judgment or belief. 4. Fa- 
vorable judgment — Syn. Sentiment; notion; persuasion; 
estimation; idea; view. 

{• O-PIN'ION, v. t. To think.— Brown. 

0-PIN'ION-ATE, > a. Stiff in opinion ; firmly or unduly 

O-PIN'ION-A-TED, 5 adhering to one's own opinion ; ob- 
stinate in opinion. — Syn. Opinionative ; conceited ; ego- 
tistical ; stubborn. 

O-PIN'ION-aTE-LY, adv. Obstinately ; conceitedly. 

O-PIN'ION-A-TiVE, a. Fond of preconceived notions ; un- 
duly attached to one's own opinions. — Burnet. 

O-PIN'ION-A-TiVE-LY, adv. With undue fondness for 
one's own opinions ; stubbornly. 

O-PIN'ION-A-TIVE-NESS, n. Excessive attachment to 
one's own opinions ; obstinacy in opinion. 

O-PIN'IONjBD, a. Attached to particular opinions ; con- 
ceited. — South. 

0-PIN'ION-IST, n. One fond of his own notions, or one un- 
duly attached to his own opinions. — Glanville. 

t O-PIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. opiparus.] Sumptuous.— Diet. 

1 O-PIP'A-ROUS-LY, adv. Sumptuously ; abundantly. 

O-PIS'THO-DOME, n. [Gr. omoBioS and SouoS-] In Greece, 
a building in the rear of a temple for containing its treas- 
ures. — Smith's Diet. 

tO-PIT-U-LI'TION, n. [L. opitulatio.] Help. 

O'PI-UM, n. [L. opium.] The inspissated juice of the papa- 
ver somniferum, or somniferous poppy, with which the 
fields in Asia Minor are sown. 

f o'PLE-TREE, n. [L. opulus.] The witch-hazel. 

. O-PO-BAL'SAM, n. [L.] The balm or balsam of Gilead. 

O-PO-DEL'DOC, n. 1. The name of a plaster. 2. A sapo- 
naceous camphorated liniment. — Nicholson. 

O-POP'A-NAX, n. [L.] The inspissated juice of an umbel- 
liferous plant, formerly used in medicine. 

O-POS'SUM, n. [often pronounced pos'sum.] The popular 
name of several species of didelphys, a genus of marsupi- 
ate carnivorous mammals. In some of the species the 
females have an abdominal pouch, in which they protect 
and carry their young. 

OP'PI-DAN, n. [L. oppidanus.] 1. An inhabitant of a town ; 
I not used.] 2. An appellation given to those students of 
Eton school, in England, who board in the town. 

t OPTI-DAN, a. Pertaining to a town.— Howell. 



f OP-PIG'NER-aTE, v. t. [L. oppignera.\ To pledge; to 
pawn.— -Bacon. 

OP'PI-LaTE, v. t. [L. oppilo.] To crowd together ; to fij 
with obstructions. 

OP'PI-La-TED, pp. Crowded together. 

OP'PI-LI-TING, ppr. Filling with obstructions. 

OP-PI-La'TION, n. The act of filling or crowding together 
a stopping by redundant matter ; obstruction. — Harvey. 

OP'PI-LA-TIVE, a. [Fr. oppilatif.] Obstructive. 

t OP-PLETED, a. [L. oppletus.] Filled; crowded. 

t OP-PoNE', v. t. [L. oppono.] To oppose. — Ben Jonson. 

OP-Po'NEN-CY, n. The opening of an academical disputa 
tion ; the proposition of objections to a tenet ; an exet 
cisefor a degree. — Todd. 

OP-Po'NENT, a. [L. opponens.] That opposes ; opposite , 
adverse. — Prior. 

OP-Po'NENT, n. One who opposes ; particularly, one who 
opposes in controversy, disputation, or argument. It is 
correlative to defendant or respondent. Opponent may 
sometimes be used for adversary and for antagonist, but 
not with strict propriety, as the word does not necessarily 
imply enmity or bodily strife. Nor is it well used in the 
sense of rival or competitor. [Op'po-nent is incorrect.] 

OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. opportunus.] Present at a proper 
time ; seasonable ; timely ; well-timed. 

OP-POR-TONE'LY, adv. Seasonably ; at a time favorable 
for the purpose. 

OP-POR-TONE'NESS, n. In seasonable time. 

OP-POR-TU'NI-TY, n. [L. opportunitas.] 1. Fit or conven- 
ient time ; a time or occasion favorable for the purpose ; 
suitable time, combined with other favorable circumstan- 
ces. 2. Convenient means. 

OP-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may or can be opposed. 

t OP-PoS'AL, n. Opposition. — Herbert. 

OP-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. opposer.] 1. To set against; to put tu 
opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail, 
and thus to hinder, defeat, destroy, or prevent effect 2. 
To act against ; to resist, either by physical means, by ar- 
guments, or other means. 3. To resist effectually. 4. To 
place in front ; to set opposite. — Shak. 5. To act against, 
as a competitor. — Syn. To combat ; withstand ; contra- 
dict ; deny ; oppusm ; contravene ; check ; obstruct 

OP-PoSE', v. %. 1. To act adversely.— Shak. ; [obs.] 2. To 
object or act against in controversy. 

OP-PoS-ED' (op-pozd"), pp. 1. Set in opposition ; resisted 

2. a. Being in opposition in principle or in act ; adverse. 
— Jay. 

t OP-PoSE'LESS, a. Not to be opposed ; irresistible. 
OP-PoS'ER, n. 1. One who opposes ; an opponent in party, 

in principle, in controversy, or argument. 2. One whe 

acts in opposition ; one who resists. 3. An antagonist ; 

an adversary ; an enemy ; a rival. 
OP-PoS'ING, ppr. or a. Acting against ; resisting. 
OP'PO-SITE, a. [Fr. ; L. oppositus.] 1. Standing or situated! 

in front ; facing. 2. Adverse ; repugnant. 3. Contrary. 
OP'PO-SiTE, n. 1. An opponent; an adversary; an enemy 

an antagonist. 2. That which is opposed or contrary. 
OP'PO-Sf TE-LY, adv. 1. In front ; in a situation to facfl 

each other. 2. Adversely ; against each other. 
OP'PO-SiTE-NESS, n. The state of being opposite or con- 
trary. 
OP-POS-I-TI-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. oppositus and folium.] In 

botany, opposite to the leaf. — Lee. 
OP-PO-SI"TION (-zish'un), n. [L. oppositio.] 1. Situation so 

as to front something else ; a standing over against. 2. 

The act of opposing ; attempt to check, restrain, or defeat. 

3. Obstacle. 4. Resistance. 5. Contrariety; repugnance 
in principle. 6. Contrariety of interests, measures, or 
designs. 7. Contrariety or diversity of meaning. 8. Con- 
tradiction ; inconsistency. Locke. — 9. In politics, the col- 
lective body of opponents of the ministry or administra- 
tion. — 10. In astronomy, the situation of two heavenly 
bodies, when distant from each other 180 degrees. 

OP-PO-Sl"TION-IST, n. One who belongs to the party op- 
posing the administration. 

OP-POS'I-TIVE, a. That may be put in opposition. 

OP-PRESS', v. t. [Fr. oppresser ; L. oppressus.] 1. To load 
or burden with unreasonable impositions ; to treat with 
unjust severity, rigor, or hardship. 2. To overpower ; to 
overburden. 3. To sit or lie heavy on. 

OP-PRESS.ED' (op-prest'), pp. or a. Burdened with un- 
reasonable impositions ; overpowered ; overburdened ; de- 
pressed. 

OP-PRESSING, ppr. Overburdening. 

OP-PRES'SION (-presh'un), n. 1. The act of oppressing , 
the imposition of unreasonable burdens, either m taxes or 
services ; cruelty ; severity. 2. The state of being op 
pressed or overburdened ; misery. 3. Hardship , calam 
ity. 4. Depression; dullness of spirits; lassitude of body 
5. A sense of heaviness or weight in the breast, &c. 

OP-PRESS'lVE, a. 1. Unreasonably burdensome ; unjustly 
severe; onerous; grievous. 2. Tyrannical. 3. Heavy; 
overpowering; overwhelming. 



* See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD -.—M? VE, BOOK, 



OPU 



095 



ORA 



OP-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to oppress, with 
unreasonable severity. — Burke 

OP-PItESS'f VE-NESS, n. The quality of being oppressive. 

OP-PRESS'OR, n. One who oppresses ; one who imposes 
unjust burdens on others ; one who harasses others with 
unjust laws or unreasonable severity. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OUS, a. [See Opprobrium.] 1. Reproachful 
and contemptuous. 2. Blasted with infamy ; despised ; 
rendered hateful. Milton. — SrN. Scurrilous ; abusive ; 
offensive; insulting. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With reproach, mingled with 
contempt ; scurrilously. — Shalt. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OUS-NESS, n. Reproachfulness mingled with 
contempt, scurrility. 

OP-PRo'BRI-UM, n. [L. ob and probrum.] Reproach min- 
gled with contempt or disdain. — Syn. Disgrace ; ignominy ; 
infamy. 

f OP-PRo'BRY, n. Opprobrium.— Johnson. 

OP-PuGN' (op-pune'), v. t. [L. oppugno.] To attack; to op- 
pose ; to resist. 

OP-PUG'NAN-CY, n. Opposition ; resistance.— Shak. 

OP-PUG'NANT, a. Resisting ; opposing ; repugnant. 

OP-PUG-Na'TION, n. Opposition ; resistance.— Hall. 

OP-PuGNiJD' (op-pund'), pp. Opposed; resisted. 
OP-PuGN'ER (op-pun'er), n. One who opposes or at- 
tacks ; that which opposes. — Boyle. 

OP-PuGNTNG (op-pun'ing), ppr. Attacking ; opposing. 

OP-SIM' A-THY, n. [Gr. o\pi(xaQaa.] Late education ; edu- 
cation late in life. — Hales. [Little used.] 

OP-SI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. i}jiS and utrpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the extent of the limits of distinct vision in 
different individuals, and determining the focal length of 
lenses necessary to correct imperfections of the eye. — 
Brande. 

I OP-SO-NI'TION, n. [L. obsono.] A catering; a buying of 
provisions. — Diet. 

i OP'TA-BLE, a. [L. optabilis.] Desirable. 

f OP'TaTE, v. t. [L. opto.) To choose ; to wish for ; to de- 
eire. — Cotgrave. 

OP-Ta'TION, n. [L. optatio.] A desiring.— Peackam. 

* OP'TA-TlVE, a. [L. optativus.] Expressing desire or 

wish. The optative mode, in grammar, , is that form of the 
verb in which wish or desire is expressed. 

* OP'TA-TlVE, n. Something to be desired..— Bacon. [Rare.] 
OP'TIG, ? a. [Gr. otttikos ■] 1. Relating or pertaining to 
OP'TIG-AL, j vision or sight. 2. Relating to the science 

of optics. 

OP'TIG, n. An organ of sight— Trumbull. 

OPTIG-AL-LY, adv. By optics or sight. 

OP-Ti*GIAN (op-tish'an), n. 1. A person skilled in the sci- 
ence of optics ; [little used.] 2. One who makes or sells 
optic glasses and instruments. 

OP'TIGS, 'X. The science which treats of light and vision. 

OP'TI-GRAPH (op'te-graf), n. [Gr. onrofiai and ypacpo).] A 
telescope made fur the purpose of copying landscapes. — 
Edin. Encyc. 

OP'TI-MA-CY, n. [L. optimales.] The body of nobles ; the 
nobility.— Howell. 

OP-TI-Ma'TeS, n. pi. [L.] The Roman nobility; and 
hence, a nobility in general. 

OP'TI-Me, n. The title of those who stand in the second 
rank of honors, immediately after the Wranglers, in the 
University of Cambridge, England. They are divided into 
senior and junior optimes. 

OP'TI-MISM, n. [L. optimus.] The opinion or doctrine that 
every thing in nature is ordered for the best ; or the order 
of things in the universe that is adapted to produce the 
most good. — Paley. 

OP'TI-MIST, n. One who holds the opinion that all events 
are ordered for the best. — Stewart. 

OP-TIM'I-TY, n. The state of being best. 

OPTION, n. [L. optio.] 1. The power of choosing; the 
right of choice or election. 2. The power of wishing ; 
wish. 3. Choice ; election ; preference. — 4. In the stock 
exchange, a per centage paid for the " option" of selling or 
of buying stock at a certain price and at a given future 
time. 

OP'TION-AL, a. 1. Left to one's wish or choice ; depend- 
ing on choice or preference. 2. Leaving something to 
choice. — Blackstone. 

OPTION-AL-LY, adv. With the privilege of choice.— 
Dwight. 

OP-TOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring the lim- 
its of distinct vision. — Buchanan. 

OP^J-LENCE, n. [L. opidtniia.] Wealth; riches; afflu- 
ence.— Swift. [Opulency :s little used.] 

OP'U-LENT, a. [L. opulentus.] Wealthy; rich; affluent; 
having a large estate or property. — South. 

OP'U-LENT-LY, adv. Richly; with abundance or splen- 
dor. 

O-PUS'GULE, n. [L. opusculum.] A small work. — Jones. 

O'PUS OPE-Ra'TUM. [L., the thing done.] In theology, 
an expression applied to the mere outward administration 



of a sacrament or rite, which is supposed by many to twi 
in all cases attended with a spiritual effect. — Hook. 

OR, a termination of Latin nouns, is a contraction of vir, a 
man, or from the same radix. The same word vir is, in 
our mother tongue, wer, and from this we have the English 
termination er. It denotes an agent, as in ar'or, creditor. 

OR, conj. [Sax. other ; Ger. oder.] A connects e that marks 
an alternative; as, "You may read or may write." It 
corresponds to either ; as, you may either ride to London 
or to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or 
propositions, presenting a choice of either : as, he may 
study law, or medicine, or divinity, or he may enter into 
trade. — Or sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case 
it expresses an alternative with the foregoing sentence. 
Matt., vii. and ix. — In poetry, or is sometimes used fox 
either. — Or ever. In this phrase, or is a corruption of ere, 
Sax. are, before ; that is, before ever. 

OR, n. [Fr. or; L. aurum.] In heraldry, gold. [It is ex- 
pressed in engraving by dots.] 

o'RA, n. A money of account among the Anglo-Saxons, 
valued in Doomsday Book at twenty pence sterling. — 
P. Cyc. 

OR'ACH, }n. A plant of the genus atriplex, mountain 

OR'RACH, I spinach, a summer vegetable much esteemed 
in France. 

OR'A-€LE, n. [Fr. ; L. oraculum.] 1. Among pagans, the 
answer of a gcd, or some person reputed to be a god, to 
an inquiry made respecting some affair of importance. 
2. The deity who gave, or was supposed to give, answers 
to inquiries. 3. The place where the answers were given. 
— 4. -.Among Christians, oracles, in the plural, denotes the 
communications, revelations, or messages delivered by 
God to prophets. 5. The sanctuary or most holy place in 
the temple. — 1 Kings, vi. 6. Any person or place where 
certain decisions are obtained. — Pope. 7. Any person re- 
puted uncommonly wise, whose opinions are of great au 
thority. 8. A wise sentence or decision of great authority. 

OR'A-€LE, v. i. To utter oracles. — Milton. 

O-RACU-LAR, I a. 1. Uttering oracles. 2. Grave ; ven- 

O-RAG'U-LOUS, J erable ; like an oracle. 3. Positive ; 
authoritative ; magisterial. 4. Obscure ; ambiguous, like 
the oracles of pagan deities. — King. 

O-RACU-LAR-LY, \ adv. 1. In the manner of an oracle. 

O-RACU-LOUS-LY, > 2. Authoritatively ; positively. 

O-RAG'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being oracular. 

OR'AI-S6N (or'e-zun), n. [Fr. oraison ; L. oratio.] Prayer ; 
verbal supplication or oral worship ; now written orison. 

o'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. os, oris.] Pertaining to the mouth ; ut- 
tered by the mouth or in words ; spoken, not written. 

O'RAL-LY, adv. By mouth ; in words, without writing. 

OR'AN6E, to. [Fr. ; L. aurantium.] The name of a tree, a 
species of citrus ; also, of its fruit, which is of a yellow 
color and agreeable flavor. 

OR'ANgE, a. Pertaining to an orange ; of the color of an 
orange. 

OR'ANgE-€oL'OR£D (-kullurd), a. Having the color of 
an orange. 

OR'ANgE-MEN, 7i. pi. The name given to an Irish society 
for upholding Protestantism. It was suppressed in 1836, 
— Brande. 

A species of pear. 
The rind of an orange, separated from 



OR'ANgE-MUSK, n, 
OR'ANgE-PEEL, n. 

the fruit. 
OR'AN6E-TAW'NY 

brown. 
OR'ANgE-TAWNY, 
OR'ANgE-WiFE, n. 
OR-ANgE-IDE 



a. Of a color between yellow and 

n. A color between yellow and brown. 
A woman that sells oranges. 
A drink made of orange juice, corre- 
sponding to lemonade ; orange sherbet. — Smart. — Encyc. 
Dom. Econ. 

OR'AN-GEAT (or'an-zhat), n. [Fr.] Orange-peel covered 
with candy. 2. Orangeade. — Enc. Dom. Econ. 

* OR'AN-GER-Y. ii. [Fr. orangerie.] A place for raising or 
anges ; a plantation of orange-trees. 

O-RANG'-OU-TANG', n. The great ape (simia satyrus), an 
animal of Borneo, Sumatra, and Malacca, which approach- 
es the most nearly to man of any animal of its tribe. 

O-Ri'TION, 72. [L. oratio.] 1. A speech or discourse com- 
posed according to the rules of oratory, and spoken in 
public— 2. In modern usage, the word is applied chiefly to 
discourses pronounced on special occasions ; as, a ci nten- 
nial oration. 3. A harangue ; a public speech or address. 

OR'A-TOR, ii. [L.] 1. A public speaker or advocate.— 2. In 
modern usage, a person who pronounces a discourse pub- 
licly on some special occasion, as on the celebration of 
some memorable event. 3. An eloquent public speaker ; 
a speaker; [by way of eminence.] — 4. In France, a speaker 
in debate in a legislative body. — 5. In chancery, a petition- 
er. — 6. In the English universities, see Public Orator. 

OR-A-To'RI-AL, ) a. Pertaining to an orator or to orato- 

OR-A-TORTC-AL, ) ry ; rhetorical ; becoming an orator. 

OR-A-Ta'RI-AL-LY, \adv. In a rhetorical manner.— 7Vty- 

OR-A-TOR'IG-AL-LY, 5 lor. 



DOVE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VT'CIOUS;— € as K; G as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ORD 



696 



ORD 



UR-A-To'RI-O, n. [It.] 1. A sacred musical composition, 
consisting of airs, recitatives, cruets, trios, &c. The sub- 
ject is usually taken from the Scriptures. 2. A place of 
worship ; a chapel. 

OR'A-TO-RY, n. [Low L. oratorio,.] 1. The art ot speaking 
well, or of speaking according to the rules of rhetoric, in 
order to persuade. 2. Exercise of eloquence. — 3. Among 
the Roman Catholics, a close apartment near a bed-cham- 
ber, for private devotions. 4. A small chapel or place al- 
lotted for social prayer. — Priests of the oratory, among 
Roman Catholics, ecclesiastical persons living in commu- 
nity, without being bound by any special vow. — Brande. 

OR'A-TRESS, ? a j- i «. rir 

OR' A TRIX \ n - A female orator. — Warner. 

ORB, n. [L. orbis; Fr. It., Sp. orbe.] 1. A spherical body. 
—2. In old astronomy, a hollow globe or sphere. 3. A 
wheel ; a circular body that revolves or rolls. 4. A circle ; 
a sphere denned by a line. 5. A circle described by any 
mundane sphere ; an orbit. 6. Period ; revolution of 
time. — Shalt. 7. The eye. — 8. In tactics, the circular form 
of a body of troops, or a circular body of troops. 

ORB, v.t. To form into a circle. — Milton. 

ORB'-LlKE, a. Resembling an orb. 

OR'BATE, a. [L. orbatus.] Bereaved ; fatherless ; childless. 

fOR-BA'TION, n. |L. orbatio.] Privation of parents or 
children, or privation in general. 

ORBED, a. 1. Round; circular; orbicular. 2. Formed 
into a circle or round shape. 3. Rounded or covered on 
the exterior. 

ORB'IC, a. Spherical.— Bacon, 

OR-BLG'U-LAR, a. [Fr. orbiculaire; L. orbiculus.] Spher- 
ical ; circular ; in the form of an orb. — Addison. 

OR-BI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. Spherically. 

OR-BI€ ,: EJ-LAR-NESS, n. Sphericity ; the state of being 
orbicular. 

OR-BIC'U-LATE, \a. [L. orbicularis.] Made or being in 

QR-BIC'U-Ll-TED, $ the form of an orb.— In botany, an 
orbiculate or orbicular leaf is one that has the periphery 
of a circle, or both its longitudinal and transverse diame- 
ters equal. 

0R-BI€-H-La'TI0N, n. The state of being made in the 
form of an orb. — More. 

ORB'ING, ppr. Forming into a circle. 

ORB'IS, \ii. A fish of a circular form, inhabiting the 

ORB'-FISH, 5 Indian seas. 

ORB'IT, n. [Fr. orbite ; L. orbita.] 1. In astronomy, the path 
described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution. 
2. A small orb. — Young ; [not proper.] — 3. In anatomy, the 
cavity in which the eye is situated. — 4. In ornithology, the 
skin which surrounds the eye. 

ORB IT'U-AL ( a ' Pertaiinn a to tne orbit.— Hooper. 

ORB'I-TUDE, / n. |L. orbitas.] Bereavement by loss of par- 

ORB'I-TY, i ents or children. [Little used.] 

ORB'Y, a. Resembling an orb. — Chapman. 

ORC, n. [L. orca.] A^cetaceous mammal, of uncertain and 
unsettled character ; a species of whale. 

OR'CHAL. ) 

OR'CHEL, > See Archil. 

OR'CHIL. ) 

OR'€HA-NET, n. A plant, anchusa tinctoria. 

OR'CHARD, n. [Sax. ortgeard.] An inclosure or assem- 
blage of fruit-trees, especially of apple-trees. 

OR'CHARD-ING, n. 1. The cultivation of orchards.— Eve- 
lyn. 2. Orchards in general ; [United States.] 

OR'CHARD-IST, n. One who cultivates orchards. 

* OR'CHES-TRA, ) n. [L. orchestra.] 1. The name of that 

OR'€HES-TER, V part of a theatre or other public place 

OR'€HES-TRE, ) appropriated to the musicians. In the 
Greek theatre, the orchestra was a circular level space be- 
tween the spectators and the stage, and was used by the 
chorus for its evolutions and dances. 2. The body of per- 
formers in the orchestra. — Busby. 

OR'€HES-TRAL, a. Pertaining to an orchestra; suitable 
for or performed in the orchestra. — Busby. 

OR-€HI-Da'CEOUS (-shus), a. Pertaining to that group of 
plants of which the orchis is the type. 

OR-€HID'E-OUS, a. [infra.] Pertaining to the orchis. 

OR'€HIS (orlris), n. [L. orchis.] A genus of plants, many 
of which have fragrant and beautiful flowers, of singular 
forms. 

OR'CIN, n. A crystallizable coloring matter, or principle 
obtained from a species of lichen. — Brande. 

ORD, n. [Sax.] An edge or point, as in ordhehn. — Ord sig- 
nifies beginning, as in ords and ends. 

OR-DaIN', v. t. [L. ordino ; Fr. ordonner.] 1. Properly, to 
set ; to establish in a particular office or order ; hence, to 
invest with a ministerial function or sacerdotal power. 
2. To appoint ; to decree. 3. To set ; to establish ; to in- 
stitute ; to constitute. 4. To set apart for an office ; to 
appoint. 5. To appoint ; to prepare. 

OR-DaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be appointed.— Hall. 

OR-DaINED' (or-dand'), pp. or a. Appointed; instituted; 



established; invested with ministerial or pastoral luna- 
tions ; settled. 

OR-DaIN'ER, n. One who ordains, appoints, or invests 
with sacerdotal powers. 

OR-DaINTNG, ppr. or a. Appointing; establishing ; invest 
ing with sacerdotal or pastoral functions. 

OR-DIIN'MENT, n. The act of ordaining.— Burke. 

* OR'DE-AL, n. [Sax. ordal or ordal ; G. urtheil ; D. ordeel.) 
1. An ancient form of trial to determine guilt or inno- 
cence, practiced by the rude nations of Europe, and still 
practiced in the East Indies. — In England, the ordeal was 
of two sorts, fire-ordeal and water-ordeal ; the former be- 
ing confined to persons of higher rank, the latter to ths 
common people. Fire-ordeal was performed either by 
taking in the hand a piece of red-hot iron, or by walking 
barefoot and blindfold over nine red-hot plowshares. 
Water-ordeal was performed either by plunging the baro 
arm to the elbow in boiling water, or by casting the per- 
son suspected into some stream or collection of cold wa- 
ter. Hence, probably, comes the phrase, to go through 
fire and water, i. e., to go through great difficulties. 2. Se- 
vere trial ; accurate scrutiny. 

OR'DER, n, [L. ordo ; Fr. ordre.] 1. Regular disposition or 
methodical arrangement of things. 2. Proper state or 
condition. 3. Adherence to the point in discussion, ac- 
cording to established rules of debate ; as, to call a speaker 
to order. 4. Established method or mode of proceeding. 

5. Regularity ; settled mode of operation. 6. Mandate ; 
precept ; command ; injunction ; authoritative direction. 
7. Rule ; regulation. 8. Regular government or discipline. 
9. Rank ; class ; division of men. 10. A religious frater- 
nity. 11. A division of natural objects, generally inter- 
mediate between class and genus. 12. Measures ; care* 
Shak. — 13. In rhetoric, the placing of words and members 
in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force 
and beauty of expression, or to the clear illustration of the 
subject. 14. The title of certain ancient books containing 
the divine office and manner of its performance. — 15. In 
architecture, a system of several members, ornaments, and 
proportions of columns and pilasters. The orders are five, 
the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. — Or- 
der of the day, in deliberative assemblies, is the subject or 
business allotted beforehand to a given day. — In order, for 
the purpose ; to the end ; as means to an end. — General 
orders, the commands or notices which a military com- 
mander-in-chief issues to the troops imder his command. 
— Holy orders, in the Episcopal Church, the Christian min- 
istry. — In orders, in the Episcopal Church, ordained ; in the 
sacred office. — To take orders, in the Episcopal Church, to 
be ordained ; to enter into the sacred ministry. 

OR'DER, v. t. 1. To regulate ; to methodize ; to systemize ; 
to adjust ; to subject to system in management and exe- 
cution. 2. To lead; to conduct; to subject to rules <>r 
laws. 3. To direct ; to command. 4. To manage ; to 
treat. 5. To ordain ; to put into holy orders. — Com. Pro. 

6. To direct ; to dispose in any particular manner. 

OR'DER, v. i. To give command or direction. — Milton. 

OR'DER-ED, pp. Regulated; methodized; disposed; com- 
manded; managed. 

OR'DER-ER, n. 1. One who gives orders. 2. One who 
methodizes or regulates. 

OR'DER-ING, n. Disposition ; distribution ; management. 

OR'DER-ING, ppr. Regulating; systemizing ; command- 
ing; disposing. 

OR'DER-LESS, a. Without regularity ; disorderly. 

OR'DER-LI-NESS, n. 1. Regularity ; a state of being me- 
thodical. 2. The state of being orderly. 

OR'DER-LY, a. 1. Methodical; regular; systematic. 2, 
Observant of order or method. 3. Well-regulated ; per- 
formed in good order ; not tumultuous. 4. According to 
established method. 5. Not unruly ; not inclined to break 
from inclosures ; peaceable. 6. Being on duty ; as, order- 
ly officer, the officer of the day. Campbell's Mil. Diet. — 
Orderly book, in military affairs, a book for the sergeants 
of each company to insert the general and regimental 
orders issued from time to time. — Orderly sergeant, a mil- 
itary officer who attends on a superior officer. 

OR'DER-LY, adv. Methodically; according to due order; 
regularly ; according to rule. 

t OR-DI-NA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being appointed. 

t OR'DI-NA-BLE, a. Such as may be appointed.— Hammond, 

OR'DI-NAL, a. [L. ordinaiis ; Fr. ordinal.] Noting order ; 
as, the ordinal numbers, first, second, <fcc. 

OR'DI-NAL, n, 1. A number noting order. 2. A book con- 
taining the ordination service, as prescribed in the En- 
glish Church. 

OR'DI-NANCE, n. [It. ordinanza; Fr. ordonnancc.) 1. A 
rule established by authority ; a permanent rule ot action. 
2. Observance commanded. 3. Appointment— -S/caJc. 4, 
Established rite or ceremony.— 5. Ordinance, a cannon, is 
now written ordnance.— Syn. Law ; statute ; regulation ; 
command; prescript; order. 

OR'DI-NAND, n. One about to be ordained. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, ?, &c, long.— £, K, i, &c.. short.— FaR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mi) VE, BOOK 



ORG! 



697 



0R1 



ORTJl-NANT, n. One who ordains. 

f OR'DI-NANT, a. [L. ordinans.] Ordaining; decreeing. 

OR'DI-NA-RI-LY, adv. Primarily, according to established 
rules or settled method ; hence, in most cases. — Syn. Com- 
monly ; usually; generally; customarily; habitually. 

* OR'DI-NA-RY, a. [L. ordinarius] 1. According to estab- 
lished order ; methodical ; regular ; customary. 2. Com- 
mon ; usual. 3. Of common rank ; not distinguished by 
superior excellence. 4. Plain; not handsome. 5. Infe- 
rior ; of little merit. — 6. An ordinary seaman is one not 
expert or fully skilled, and hence ranking below a sea- 
man. 

* OR'DI-NA-RY, n. 1. In the common and canon law, one 

who has ordinary or immediate jurisdiction in matters ec- 
clesiastical ; an ecclesiastical judge. — The ordinary of New- 
gate is the chaplain of Newgate prison, in England. 2. Set- 
tled establishment. 3. Regular price of a meal. — Shak. 4. 
A place of eating where the prices are settled. — 5. In the 
navy, the establishment of the shipping not in actual serv- 
ice, but temporarily laid up under the charge of officers. 

. — In ordinary, in actual and constant service ; statedly at- 
tending and serving ; as, chaplain in ordinary. 

OR'DI-NA-RY, n. In heraldry, a portion of the escutcheon 
comprised between straight or other lines. It is the sim- 
plest species of charge. — Brande. 

t OR'DI-NaTE, v. t. To appoint. 

ORTJl-NATE, a. [L. ordinatus.] Regular; methodical. 

OR'DI-NATE, n. In geometry and conic sections, a line drawn 
from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis or oth- 
er conic section, perpendicularly across the axis to the 
other side ; a straight line drawn from any point in a curve 
perpendicular to another straight line, called the abscissa. 
— Brande. 

OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In a regular, methodical manner. 

OR-DI-Na'TION,ti. [L ordinatio.] 1. The state of being or- 
dained or appointed ; established order or tendency con- 
sequent on a decree. — 2. In the Episcopal Church, the act 
of conferring holy orders or sacerdotal power ; called, also, 
consecration. — 3. In the Presbyterian and Congregational 
churches, the act of settling or establishing a licensed cler- 
gyman over a church and congregation, with pastoral 
charge and authority ; also, the act of conferring on a cler- 
gyman the powers of a settled minister of the Gospel, with- 
out the charge of a particular church. 

OR'DI-NA-TiVE, a. Directing; giving order.— Cotgravs. 

OR'DI-Na-TOR, n. One who ordains or establishes. — Baxter. 

ORD'NANCE, n. Cannon or great guns; artillery. 

ORDON-NXNCE, n. [Fr.] In the fine arts, the disposition 
of the parts of a picture, or other work of art, so as to se- 
cure the best effect. 

ORDURE, n. [Fr.] Dung ; excrements.— Shak. 

ORE, n. [Sax. ore, era.] 1. The compound of a metal and 
some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur, or carbon, called 
its miner ■alizer. 2. Metal. — Milton. 

oRF'-WOOd' \ n ' Sea-weed. — Carcw. [Not used.] 

o'RE-AD 1 n. [Gr. opoq ] A mountain nymph. 

(7 RE TE'NUS. [L.] By word of mouth. 

ORF'GILD, n. [Sax. orf and geld.] The restitution of goods 
or money stolen, if taken in the daytime. 

OR'FRaYS (or'fraz), n. [Fr. orfroi.] Fringe of gold ; gold 
embroidery. 

OR'GAL, n. Argal ; unrefined or crude tartar. 

OR'GAN, n. [L. organum; Gr. cpy.ivov ; Sp., It. organo ; 
Fr. organe.] 1. A natural instrument of action or opera- 
tion, or by which some process is carried on ; as, the or- 
gans of speech. 2. The instrument or means of convey- 
ance or communication ; as, the organ of a political party. 
3. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments 
of music, consisting of pipes whiqjh are filled with wind, 
and of stops and keys touched by the fingers. 

OR'GAN-BUILD'ER (-bild'er), n. An artist whose occupa- 
tion is to construct organs. 

ORGAN-LOFT, n. The'loft where an organ stands.— Taller. 

OR'GAN-PlPE, n. The pipe of a musical organ. — Shak. 

OR'GAN-STOP, n. The stop of an organ, or any collection 
of pipes under one general name. — Busby. 

OR-GAN'IC, ? a. [L. organicus.] 1. Pertaining to an or- 

OR-GANTC-AL, } gan or to organs ; consisting of organs 
or containing them. 2. Produced by the organs. 3. In- 
strumental ; acting as instruments of nature or art to a 
certain end. — Organic bodies are such as possess organs, 
on the action of which depend their growth and perfec- 
tion, as animals and plants. — Organic substances are sub- 
stances which proceed from or constitute organic bodies. 
— Organic remains are the remains of animals or vegeta- 
bles petrified or imbedded in stone. — Organical description 
of a curve, in geometry, the description of a curve or a plane 
by means of instruments. — Brande. 

OR-GANTC-AL-LY, adv. 1. With organs ; with organical 
structure or disposition of parts. 2. By means of organs. 
OR-G AN'I€-AL-NESS, n. The state of being organical. 
OR'GAN-ISM, n. Organical structure.— Grew. 



OR'GAN-IST, n. 1. One who plays on the organ. 2. One 
who sung in parts ; [an old musical nsa of the word.] 

OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act or process of forming 
organs or instruments of action. 2. The act of forming or 
arranging the parts of a compound or complex body in a 
suitable manner for use or service ; the act of distributing 
into suitable divisions, and appointing the proper officers, 
as an army or a government — Pickering. 3. Structure , 
form ; suitable disposition of parts which are to act to- 
gether in a compound body. 

OR'GAN-lZE, v. t. [Fr. organiser.] 1. To form with suita 
ble organs ; to construct so that one part may co-operate 
with another. 2. To sing in parts. 3. To distribute into 
suitable parts, and appoint proper officers, that the whok 
may act as one body. — W. Cranch. 

OR'GAN-lZJSD, pp. or a. Formed with organs ; construct 
ed organically ; systemized ; reduced to a form in which 
all the parts may act together to one end. 

OR'GAN-IZ-ING, ppr. Constructing with suitable organs,' 
reducing to system in order to produce united action to 
one end. 

OR-GAN-O-GRAPHTC, \a. Pertaining to organogra- 

OR-GAN-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, $ phy. 

OR-GAN-OGRA-PHI8T, n. One who describes the organe 
of animal or vegetable bodies. — Lindley. 

OR-GAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opyavov and ypa<pu.) In bot- 
any, a description of the organs of plants, or of the names 
and kinds of their organs. 

OR-GAN-OL'O-OY, n. That branch of physiology which 
treats in particular of the different organs of animals, es- 
pecially of the human species. — Encyc. Am. 

OR'GA-NON, [Gr.] In. In philosophical language, a term 

OR'GA-NUM, [L.] j nearly synonymous with method, 
and implying a body of rules and canons for scientific in- 
vestigation. — Brande. 

OR'GA-NY. See Origan. 

OR'GAN-ZINE, n. Thrown silk, i. e., silk twisted like a 
rope, with ditferent strands, so as to increase its strength, 
— Encyc. Bom. Econ. 

OR'GASM, n. [Gr. opyaauos.] Immoderate excitement or 
action. — Blackmore. 

OR'(JEAT (or'zhat). n. [Fr.] A liquor extracted from bar 
ley and sweet almonds. — Mason. 

OR'&E-IS, n. A fish ; called, also, organ-ling. 

OR'6IES (or'jiz), n. pi. [Gr. opyia ; L. orgia ; Fr. orgies.] L 
Frantic nocturnal revels at the feast in honor of Bacchus, 
or the feast itself. Hence, 2. Drunken revelry, chiefly by 
night. 

t OR'GTL-LOUS, n. [Fr. orgueilleux.] Proud ; haughty. 

ORGUES (orgz), n. pi. [Fr.] 1. In the military art, long, thick 
pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron, and hung over 
a gateway, to be let down in case of attack. 2. The term 
also denotes a machine composed of several musket bar- 
rels united, by means of which several explosions are made 
at once to defend breaches. 

OR-I-€HAL'CUM, In. [L. orichalcum or aurichalcum.] A 

OR'I-€HAL€H, j metallic substance resembling gold in 
color, but inferior in value ; a mixed metal of the ancients, 
resembling brass. — Spenser. 

o'RI-EL, } n. [Old Fr. oriol.] 1. In Gothic architecture, a bay 

oTU-OL, ^ window. — Brande. 2. A small apartment next 
a hall, where particular persons dine ; a sort of recess. 
— Cowel ; [obs.] 

oTlI-EN-CY, n. Brightness or strength of color. [Rare.] 

o'RI-ENT, a. [L. oriens.] 1. Rising, as the sun. 2. Eastern : 
oriental. 3. Bright; shining; glittering. 

O'RI-ENT, n. The east ; the part of the horizon where the 

_ sun first appears in the morning. 

O'RI-ENT, v. t. In surveying, to orient a plan signifies to 
mark its situation or bearing with respect to the four car- 
dinal points. — Brande. 

O-RI-ENT'AL, a. 1. Eastern ; situated in the east; particu- 
larly, in or about Asia. 2. Proceeding from the east. 

O-RI-ENT'AL, 7i. A native or inhabitant of some eastern 
part of the world ; particularly, an Asiatic. 

O-RI-ENTAL-ISM, n. A term applied to doctrines or idioms 
of the Asiatic nations. 

O-RI-ENT'AL-IST, n. 1. An inhabitant of the eastern part* 
of the world. 2. One versed in the eastern languages and 
literature. 

t O-RI-ENT-ALI-TY, n. The state of being oriental. 

OR'I-FiCE (or'e-fis), n. [Fr. ; L. orificium.] The mouth or 
aperture of a tube, pipe, or other cavity. 

OR'I-FLAMME, In. [Fr. orifiamme.] The ancient royal 

OR'I-FLAMB, 5 standard of France.— Ainsworth. 

oSiGaSuM, } n - £ L -1 Mar J' oram > a S e ™s of plants. 

OR'I-GEN-ISM, n. The opinions of Origen of Alexandria, an 
early Greek father, who held that human souls existed be- 
fore their union with bodies ; that they were originally 
holy, but became sinful in the pre-existent state ; that all 
men will probably at last be saved ; and that Christ ia 
again to die for the salvation of devils, &c. — Murdoch. 



Do VE;- -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi'CIOUS -C as K ; a as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ORN 



698 



ORT 



QR'i-GEN-IST, n. A follower of the opinions of Origen. 

OR'I-GIN, n. [Fr., It. origine ; Sp. origen ; L. origo.] 1. The 
first existence or beginning of any thing. 2. That from 
which any thing primarily proceeds. — Syn. Commence 
ment ; rise ; source ; spring ; fountain ; derivation ; cause ; 
root; foundation. 

O-RlG'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be originated. 

O-RlG'IN-AL, n. 1. Origin ; [see Origin.] 2. First copy ; 
archetype ; that from which any thing is transcribed or 
translated, or from which a likeness is made by the pen- 
cil, press, or otherwise. 

O-RlG'IN-AL, a. [Fr. originel ; L. originalis.] 1. First in 
order ; preceding all others. 2. Primitive ; pristine. 3. 
Having the power to originate new thoughts or combina- 
tions of thought. Original sin, a moral corruption which 
is said to be transmitted from the progenitors of the hu- 
man race to all their descendants. — Encyc. Am. 

O-RIG-IN-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality or state of being orig- 
inal. 2. The power of originating or producing new 
thoughts, or uncommon combinations of thought. 

O-RIG'IN-AL-LY, adv. 1. Primarily ; from the beginning or 
origin. 2. At first ; at the origin. 3. By the first author. 

O-RlG'IN-AL-NESS, n. The quality or state of being original. 

O-RIG'IN-A-RY, a. [Fr. originaire.] 1. Productive ; causing 
existence. 2. Primitive ; original. [A rare word.] 

0-RlG'IN-A TE, v. t. To cause to be; to bring into existence ; 
to priXluce what is new. — Burke. 

O-RlG'IIv 4TE, v. i. To take first existence ; to have origin ; 
to be began. 

O-RIG'IN-A-TED, pp. Brought into existence. 

O-RIG'IN-a-TING, ppr. or a. Bringing into existence. 

O-RIG-IN-a'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing or coming into 
existence ; first production. 2. Mode of production or 
bringing^ into being. 

O-RIgTN-a-TOR, n. A person who originates or commences. 

O-RIL'LON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a rounding of earth, 
faced with a wall, raised on the shoulder of those bastions 
that have casements, to cover the cannon in the retired 
flank, and prevent their being dismounted. 

O'RI-OLE, n. The popular name of several species of birds, 
allied to the thrushes, having their plumage of a golden 
yejlow mixed with black. — Partington. 

O-Rl'ON, n. [Gr. wpnov.] A large and bright constellation 
on both sides of the equinoctial. 

O-RIS-MO-LOg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to orismology. 

O-RIS-MOL'O-gY, n. [Gr. optcr^oc, a term, and Xoyos, a dis- 
course.] In natural history, that department which treats 
of terms, whether descriptive or denominative. 

OR'I-SUN, n. [Fr. oraison ; L. oratio.] A prayer or suppli- 
cation.— Milton. 

ORK, 7i. [L. orca.] A species of whale. See Orc. 

ORLE, n. In heraldry, an ordinary in the form of a fillet 
round the shield. 

OR'LFT \ n ' f Fr ' ourlet ' **' orZo -J In architecture, a fillet 

ORT O ' S unc *er the ovolo of a capital. 

OR'LOP, n. [D. overloop.} The lower deck of a ship of the 
line ; or that, in all vessels, on which the cables are stowed. 
— Totten^ 

OR-MO-Lu', n. [Fr.] Brass which, by a chemical process, 
is made to assume the appearance of being gilt. It is 
used in making lamps, girandoles, &c. 

QR'NA-MENT. n. [L. ornamentum.] 1. That which embel- 
lishes ; something which, added to another thing, renders 
it more beautiful to the eye. — 2. In architecture, ornaments 
are sculpture or carved work. 3. Embellishment ; deco- 
ration ; additional beauty. 

OR'NA-MENT, v. t. To make beautiful; to furnish with 
embellishments. — Syn. To adorn; deck; embellish; be- 
deck ; decorate ; beautify. 

OR-NA-MENTAL, a. Serving to decorate ; giving addition- 
al beauty ; embellishing. — Brown. 

OR-NA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to add 
embellishment. 

OR'NA-MENT-ED, pp. or a. Decorated ; embellished ; beau- 
tified. — Sheri stone. 

OR'NA-MENT-ING, ppr. Decorating ; embellishing. 

OR'NaTE, v. t. [L. orno.] To adorn. 

OR'NaTE. a. [L. ornatus.] Adorned; decorated; beauti- 
ful. — Milton. 

OR'Na-TED, pp. Adorned; ornamented. 

OR'NaTE-LY, adv. With decoration.— Skehon. 

OR'NaTE-NESS, n. State of being adorned. 

OR'NI-TING, ppr. Embellishing. 

OR r NA-TURE, <n. Decoration. [Little used.} 

OR-NIS-€OP'I€S, n. Divination by the observation of birds. 

OR-NIS'CO-PIST, n. [Gr. opvis and okottsuj.) One who 
views the flight of birds in order to foretell future events 
by their manner of flight. [Little used.] 

OR-NITH-IGHNlTE, n. [Gr, opvis, a bird, and tyvoi, a track.] 
In geology, a name given to the foot-marks of birds occur- 
ring in different strata of stone. — Hitchcock. 

OR-NITH'O-LlTE, n. A name given to fossil birds, and 



also to stones of various colors bearing the figure of bird* 
— Buchanan. 

OR-NI-THO-LOG'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to ornithology. 

OR-NI-THOL'O-GlST, n. A person who is skilled in the 
natural history of birds, who understands their form, 
structure, habits, and uses ; one who describes birds. 

OR-NI-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. opvis and Aoyo?.] The science 
of birds, which comprises a knowledge of their form, 
structure, habits, and uses. 

OR-NITH'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. opvis and pavreia.] Augury ; 
a species of divination by means of birds, their flight, &c 

OR'NI-THON, n. [Gr. an aviary.] A building for the keep 
ing of birds. — Elmcs. 

OR'NI-THO-RHYN€H'US, n. [Gr. opvts, opviBoi, a bird, and 
pvyypS, a beak.] A singular, duck-billed mammal, with 
webbed paws, found only in New Holland, sometimes 
called water mole. 

OPl-0-LOG'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to the description of mount 
ains. 

O-ROL'O-GIST, n. A describer of mountains. 

0-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. opos and Aoyo?.] The science or de- 
scription of mountains. 

O'RO-TUND, n. [L. os and rotundun.] A mode of intonation 
directly from the larynx, which has a fullness, clearness, 
strength, smoothness, and ringing or musical quality, which 
forms the highest perfection of the human voice. — Rush. 

OR'PHAN, n. [Gr. op^avo^; It. orfano; Fr. orphelin.] A 
child who is bereaved of father or mother, or of both. 

OR'PHAN, a. Bereaved of parents. — Sidney. 

ORTHAN-Isld ' ] n - The state of ^ orphan.— Sherwood. 

OR'PHAN£D, 'a. Bereft of parents or friends. 

OR-PHAN-OT'RO-PHY, n. [Gr. opcpavoS and rpo^v] A hos- 
pital for orphans. — Chalmers. 

OR'PHANffi' COURT, n. A court, in some of the United 
States, having jurisdiction of the estates and persons of or- 
phans. — Bouvier. 

OR'PHE-AN, ? a. Pertaining to Orpheus, the poet and mu- 

ORPHIG, 5 sician.— Bryant. 

OR'PHE-US, n. [Gr.J In classical mythology, a bard who 
played so skillfully on the lyre, which he invented, as to 
move inanimate things. — In the classics, Or'pheus. 

OR/PI-MENT, n. [L. auripigmentum.] Yellow sulphuret of 
arsenic, used as a pigment. 

OR'PIN, n. [Fr.] In painting, a yellow color of various de- 
grees of intensity, approaching also to red. — Brande. 

OR'PlNE, n. [Fr. orpin.] A name of several plants, partic- 
ularly of a succulent herb, the sedum telephium. 

OR'RACH. .See Orach. 

OR/RE-R Y, n. An astronomical machine for exhibiting tho 
several motions of the heavenly bodies. — Barlow. 

OR'RIS, n. 1. The plant iris ; fieur de lis, or flag-flower. Its 
root has an agreeable odor, resembling that of violet3. 5L 
[qu. orfrays.]~A sort of gold or silver lace. 

ORSE'DEW, n. Dutch gold, which see. 

ORT, n L A fragment ; refuse. — Shah. 

ORTHlTE, n. [Gr. opdos.] A variety of Allanite, an ore of 
cerium, occurring in long, brownish-black, acicular crys- 
tals. — Dana. 

OR-THO-CERA-TlTE, n.s.,\ [Gr. opdo<; and Kepis.] Terms 

OR-THO-CERA-TA, n. pi. J applied to an extinct genus 
ofcephalopods, inhabiting straight, many-chambered shells. 

OR'TPIO-DOX, a. 1. Sound in the Christian faith ; believ- 
ing the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures ; evan- 
gelical. 2. According with the doctrines of Scripture. 

OR'THO-DOX-L Y, adv. With soundness of faith.— Bacon. 

OR'THO-DOX-NESS, n. The state of being sound in the 
faifh, or of according with the doctrines of Scripture. 

OR'THO-DOX-Y, n. [Gr. vpdnSolui.] 1. Soundness of faith ; 
a belief in the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures. 
2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines. 

OR-THO-DROM'I€, a. Pertaining to orthodromy. 

OR-THO-DR,OM'I€S, n. The art of sailingin a direct course, 
or on the arc of a great circle, which is the shortest dis- 
tance between any two points on the surface of the globe. 

OR'THO-DRO-MY, n. [Gr. op9os and cpo^s.] The sailing 
in a straight course. 

OR-THO-EP'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to orthoepy. 

* OR'THO-E-PIST, n. One who pronounces words correct- 

ly, or who is well skilled in pronunciation. 

* OR'THO-E-PY, n. [Gr. opQoe-utia.] The art of uttering 
words with propriety ; a correct pronunciation of words. 
— Nares. 

OR'THO-GON, n. [Gr. opdos and yuvia.] A rectangular fig- 
ure. — Peacham. 
OR-THOG'ON-AL, a. Right-angled ; rectangular. 
OR-THOG'RA-PHER, \n, One who spells words correct- 
OR-THOG'RA-PHIST, 5 ly, according to common usage. 

— Shak. 
OR-THO-GRAPH1C, \a. 1. Correctly spelled ; written 
OR-THO-GRAPH'IC-AL, ) with the proper letters. 2. Per- 
taining to the spelling of words.— Orthographic pro;r.clion, 
the projection of points on a plane by str aight lines at 



* See Synopsis. A, K, I, Sec, long.—K. E, 1. &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



OS1 



699 



OST 



right angles to the plane ; as, orthographic projections of the 
sphere.— Brande. 

OR-THO-GRAPH'I€-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the rules 
of proper spelling. 2. In the manner of an orthographic 
projection. 

OR-THOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opOoypaQia.] 1. The art of 
writing words with the proper letters, according to com- 
mon usage. 2. The part of grammar which treats of the 
nature and properties of letters, and of the art of writing 
words correctly. 3. The practice of spelling or writing 
words with the proper letters. — 1. In geometry, the art of 
delineating or drawing the front of an object, and exhibit- 
ing the heights or elevations of the several parts ; so called 
because it determines things by perpendicular right lines 
falling on the geometrical plan.— Gwilt. 

OR-THOL'O-gY, n, [Gr. opdos and \oyo S .] The right de- 
scription of things. — Fotherby. 

OR-THOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. opdos and perpov.] The art or 
practice of constructing verse correctly ; the laws of cor- 
rect versification. 

OR-THOP-NCE'A, ? n. [Gr. opQoitvoia.] 1. A disease in which 

OR-THOP'NY, ) respiration can be performed only in 
an erect posture. 2. Any difficulty of breathing. 

OR-THOP'TER-A, n. pi. [Gr. opdos and -Ttpov.) An order 
of insects, so named from the straight or longitudinal fold- 
ing of their win<rs, as the grasshopper, cricket, &c. 

OR-THOP'TER-OUS, a. Pertaining to the order orthoptera ; 
folding the winsrs straight 

ORTHO-STADEr n. [Gr. opdos, straight, and Ic-aiiai, to 
stand.] In ancient costume, a long and ample tunic, with 
straight or upright folds. — Elmes. 

OR-THOTRO-POUS, a. [Gr. opQos and rptzu.] In botany, 
erect on the embryo of a plant. — Lindley. 

OR-THOT'Y-POUS, a. [Gr. opQos, straight, and twos, form.] 
In mineralogy, ha%'ing a perpendicular cleavage. — Shepard. 

OR'TiVE, a. [L. ortivus.] Rising, or eastern.— The ortive 
amplitude of a star or planet is the arc of the horizon in- 
tercepted between the poiut where the star rises and the 
east point. — Brande. 

OR'TO-LAN. n. [It. ortolan o ; L. hortulanus.] A bird of the 
south of Europe, about the size of a lark, and esteemed a 
great delicacy by gastronomes. 

CRTS, n. pi. Fragments ; pieces ; refuse. See Out. 

OR'VAL,_?i. [Fr. orvale.] The herb clary.— Diet. 

t OR-VI-E'TAN, n. [It orvietano.] An antidote or counter- 
poison. — Bailey. 

OR-Y€-TOG-NOS'TI€, a. Pertainin? to oryctosnosy. 

OR-Y€-TOG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. opvKro^and yvuois.] The sci- 
ence which has for its object the description and classifi- 
cation of minerals ; mineralogy. 

OR-Y€-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opvKroS and ypa<p^.] That 
part of natural history in which fossils are described. 

OR-Y€-TO-LOg'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to oryctology. 

OR-Y€-TOL'0-oY, n. [Gr. opvKros and Aoyo?.] That part 
of natural history which treats of fossils. 

OS, n. [L.] In medical language, a bone. 

OS'€HE-0-C£LE, n. [Gr. oixv and Kv'Xn.] Any tumor in 
the scrotum ; scrotal hernia. 

OS-CIL-LA'RI-A,ra.^. See Oscillatoria. 

OS'CIL-LaTE, v. i. [L. oscillo.] To swing; to move back- 
ward and forward ; to vibrate. 

OS-CIL-La'TION, n. [L. oscillatio.J Vibration; a moving 
backward and forward, or swinging like a pendulum. 

OS-CIL-LA-To'RI-A, n. pi. In natural history, a group of 
minute filamentous organized beings, which have oscilla- 
tory motions. It was at first doubted whether they belong 
to the animal or vegetable kingdom 

OS'CIL-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving backward and forward like 
a pendulum ; swinsring. — Arbuthnot. 

OS'CI-TAN-CY, n. [L. oscito.] 1. The act of gaping or 
yawning. 2. Unusual sleepiness ; drowsiness ; dullness. 

OS'CI-TANT, a. 1. Yawning; gaping. 2. Sleepy ; drowsy ; 
dull : slavish.— Decay of Piety. 

OS'CI-TANT-LY, adv. Carelessly.— More. 

OS'CI-TaTE, v. i. [L. oscito.] To yawn ; to gape.— Johnson. 

OS-CI-Ta'TION, n. The act of yawning or gaping. 

OS'€U-LANT, a. That adheres closely ; that embraces ; 
[applied to certain creeping animals, as caterpillars, &c] 
— Kirby. 

OS-€U-La'TION, 7i. [L. osculatio.] In geometry, the contact 
between any given curve and its osculatory circle, that is, 
a circle of the same curvature with the given curve at the 
point of contact 

OS'€U-LA-TO-RY, a. An osculatory circle, in geometry, is a 
circle having the same curvature with any curve a't any 
given point. 

OS'€U-LA-TO-RY, n. In Church history, a tablet or board, 
with a picture of Christ or the Virgin, &c, which was 
kissed by the priest and people. 

OS'CULE, Ji. A small bilabiate- aperture. 

iySlER (6'zher), n. [Fr. osier.] A species of willow or water- 
willow, or the twig of the willow used in making baskets. 
S'SIER-ilcLT, n. [Sax. holt, a wood.] In England, a place 



where willows for ba3ket-work are cultivated Hooker** 

_ Brit. Flora. 

0'SIER.ED, a. Covered or adorned with osiers.- Eltcn. 

OS'MA-ZOME, n. [Gr. oafirj and ^cj^of.] A substance of an 
aromatic flavor, obtained from muscular fibre. It gives 
the characteristic odor and taste to soup. — Brande. 

OS'MI-UM, n. [Gr. oaun.] A metal contained in the ore of 
platinum. Its oxyd has a peculiar and pungent smell. 

OS'MUND, n. A plant. The osmund royal, or flowering 
fern, grows in shady bogs. 

OS'NA-BURG (oz'na-burg), n. A species of coarse linen im 
ported originally from Osnaburg, in Germany. 

OS'PRAY. n. [L. ossifraga.] The fishing-eagle, bald buz- 
zard, or fish-hawk. The name has also been given to tho 
sea-eagle. -See Ossifrage. 

OS'SE-LET, n. [Fr.] A hard substance growing on the in.- 
side of a horse's knee, among the small bones. 

OS'SE-OUS, a. [L. osseus.] Bony ; composed of bone ; resem- 
bling bone. — Osseous breccia, breccia made up of fragments 
of bone found in certain caverns and fissures of rocks. 

OS'SI-€LE, n. [L. ossiculum.] A small bone. — Holder. 

OS-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. os and fero.] Containing or furnish- 
ing bones. — Buckland. 

OS-SIF'IC, a. [L. os and facio.] Having power to ossify or 
change carneous and membranous substances to bone. 

OS-SI-FI-CXTION, n. 1. The change or process of chang- 
ing from flesh or other matter of animal bodies into a bony 
substance. 2. The formation of bones in animals. 

OS'31-Fl.ED (-fide), pp. or a. Converted into bone, or a 
hard substance like bone. 

OS'SI-FRAgE, n. [L. ossifraga.] The sea-eagle, now con- 
sidered the young of the white-tailed or cinereous eagle. 
— In Lev., xi., 13, the lammergcir is supposed to be meant 

OS'SI-FY, v. t. [L. os and facio.] To form bone ; to change 
from a soft animal substance into bone, or convert into a 
substance of the hardness of bones. 

OS'SI-FY, v. i. To become bone ; to change from soft mat- 
ter into a substance of bony hardness. 

OS-SI-FYlNG, ppr. or a. Changing into bone ; becoming 
bone. 

OS-SIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. os and voro.] Feeding on bonea ; 
eating bones. — Derham. 

OS'SU-A-RY (osh'yu-a-ry), n. [L. ossuarium,] A charnel- 
house ; a place where the bones of the dead are deposited. 

O^T ) 

OUST \ n ' A kiln *° r ( ^ r Y in g hop 3 or malt. -See Oast. 

OS-TEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of appearing 
or being shown, 

OS-TEN'SI-BLE, a. [It. ostensibile.] 1. That may be shown , 
proper or intended to be shown. — Warton. 2. Plausible; 
colorable. — Pownall. 3. Appearing; seeming; shown.de 
clared, or avowed ; usually opposed to real. 

OS-TEN'SI-BLY, adv. In appearance ; in a manner tha* is 
declared or pretended. — Walsh. 

OS-TEN'SlVE, a. [Fr.] Showing; exhibiting. — An osten- 
sive demonstration, in mathematics, is one which proves 
the point directly, as opposed to the apagogical or indirect 
method. — Hutton. 

OS'TENT, n. [L. ostentum.] 1. Appearance ; air : manne/ , 
mien ; {little used.] 2. Show ; manifestation ; token ; [lit- 
tle used.] 3. A prodigy ; a portent ; any thing ominous.— 
Dryden ; [little used.] 

f OS'TENT-ITE, v. t. [L. ostento.] To make an ambitious 
display of; to show or exhibit boastingly. 

OS-TENT- I'TION, n. [L. ostentatio.] 1. Outward show or 
appearance. — Shak. 2. Ambitious display ; vain show. 3. 
A show or spectacle; [obs.] — Syn. Parade; pageantry; 
pomp ; pompousness ; vaunting ; boasting. 

OS-TENT- I'TIOUS (-shus), a. 1. Making a display from van- 
ity ; fond of presenting one's endowments or works to an- 
other in an advantageous light. 2. Intended for vain dis- 
play. — Syn. Pompous; boastful: vaunting; showy; gaudy. 

OS-TENT- I'TIOUS-LY, adv. With vain" display ; boast- 
fully. 

OS-TENT- a'TIOUS-NESS, n. Vain display ; vanity ; boast- 
fulness. 

OS-TENT-a'TOR, n. [L.] One who makes a vain show ; 
a boaster. — Sherwood. [Little used.] 

OS-TENTOUS, a. Fond of making a show. — Feltham. 
[Little used.] 

OS-TE-O-COL'LA, n. [G. oareov and koXXo.] 1. Carbonate 
of lime incrusted on vegetables, once supposed to facili- 
tate the union of fractured bones ; [obs.] 2. An inferior 
kind of glue, obtained from bones. — Ure. 

OSTE-0-COPE, n. [Gr. ogtcov and kottos-] Pain in the 
bones ; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone. 

OS-TE-Og'E-NY, n. [Gr. oartov and ytwiu).] The forma- 
tion or growth of bone. — Brande. 

OS-TE-OL'0-GER \n. One who describes the bones of 

03-TE-OL'O-GlST, j animals. 

OS-TE-0-LOg'I€, I a. Pertaining to a description of the 

OS-TE-0-LOG'I€-AL, j bones. 

OS-TE-0-LOG 1C-AL-LY, adv. According to osteology. 



T)6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolae 



OUN 



700 



OUT 



DS-TE-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. ootiov and \oyoi.] L A descrip- 
tion of the bones ; that part of anatomy which treats of 
the bones. 2. The system of animal bones. 

OS-THEX'Y, n. [Gr.] The ossification of parts of the 
body. 

OSTI-A-RY, n. [L. ostium.] The mouth or opening by 
■which a river discharges its waters. — Brown. 

OST'LER. See Hostler. 

OST'LER-Y. Sec Hostlery. 

OSTMEN, n. pi. Eastmen ; Danish settlers in Ireland, so 
called. — LytUeton. 

DS-TRI'CEANS (-shanz), n. pi. A family of bivalve shell- 
fish, of which the oyster is the type. — Brande. 

OS'TRA-CISM. n. [Gr. oarpaKiauoS.] 1. In Grecian antiqui- 
ty, a method of banishment by the people of Athens. It 
consisted in writing on a shell the name of the person to 
be banished. 2. Banishment ; expulsion ; separation. — 
Hamilton. 

\ OS'TRA-ClTE, n. [Gr. oorpaKirris.] A fossil oyster-shell. 

OS'TRA-ClZE, v. t. To banish by the popular voice. 

OS'TRA-ClZED, pp. Banished by the popular voice. 

OSTRA-ClZ-ING, ppr. Banishing or expelling by the popu- 
lar voice. 

OSTRICH, n. [Fr. autruche.] The popular name of a 
short-winged bird of the genus struthis. The true ostrich, 
a native of Africa and Arabia, is the largest of all birds. 
The plumage is elegant, and much used in ornamental 
and showy dress. 

OS'TRO-GOTH, n. One of the eastern Goths, as distin- 
guished from the Visigoths, or western Goths. 

OT-A-COUSTIC, a. [Gr. ura and aicovw.] Assisting the 
sense of hearing. 

OT-A-COUSTIC, \n. An instrument to facilitate hear- 

OT-A-COUS'TI-CON, } ing, as an ear-trumpet.— Barlow. 

0-TAL'6Y A ' } n - A P ain ™ fre ear - 

o'TA-RY, n. [Gr. ovs, wrof.] Eared seal ; a name given to 
all those animals of the seal family which have external 
ears. — Jar dine 's Nat. Lib. 

6TH'ER (ufh'er), a. [Sax. other ; G. oder.) 1. Not the same ; 
different ; not this or these. 2. Not this, but the contrary. 
3. Noting something besides. 4. Correlative to each, and 
applicable to any number of individuals. 5. Opposed to 
some. 6. The next. — Shak. 7. The third part. Bert Jon- 
son. — Other is used a3 a substitute for a noun, and in this 
use may have the phiral number, and the sign of the pos- 
sessive case. — The other day, at a certain time past, not 
distant but indefinite ; not long ago. 

f 6TH'ER-GaTES (ufh'er-), adv. In another manner. 

OTHTR-GUISE, adv. [other and guise.] Of another kind. 
[Corruptly pronounced otherguess.] 

6TH'ER-WHERE, adv. [other and where.] In some other 
place ; or in other places. — Milton. 

GTHTER-WHlLE. \adv. [other and while.] At other 

6TH'ER-WHILES, j times. 

6TH'ER-WlSE (ufh'er-wize), adv. [other and wise.] 1. In 
a different manner. 2. By other causes. 3. In other 
respects. 

6'TI-UM €ZBl DIG-NI-Ta'TE (6'she-um-). [L.] Digni- 
fied leisure. 

OT'TAR., 1 7i. [Arabic for aroma.] The aromatic principle ; 

OT'TO, j as, the ottar of roses, a highly fragrant concrete 
oil obtained from the petals of the rose ; spelled, also, 
attar. 

OTTER, n. [Sax. otcr. otor, or otter ; G. otter.] A quadruped 
of the genus lutra, somewhat resembling the weasel, but 
larger, and distinguished from it by living constantly in 
the water. The fur is much esteemed and is very fine 
and dense. 

OT'TER, n. The name of a coloring substance, the same 
with avotta, which see. 

OT'TO, n. Essential oil of roses. See Ottar. 

OTTO-MAN, a. Designating something that pertains to the 
Turks or to their government. 

OTTO-MAN, n. Assort of thick stuffed mat used in Tur- 
key ; a stool with a stuffed seat. 

CU-BLI-ETTES' (oo-ble-et), to. jjZ. [Fr.] A dungeon with 
an opening at the top, for persons condemned to perpetu- 
al imprisonment or to perish secretly. — Diet, de VAcad. 

OUCH, n. 1. A bezil or socket in which a precious stone 
or seal is set. 2. A carcanet or ornament of" gold. 3. The 
blow given by a boar's tusk ; [obs.] 

OUGHT. See Aught, the true orthography. 

OUGHT (awt), v. imperfect. [This word seems to be the 
preterit tense of the original verb to owe, that is, Sax. agan, 
Goth, aigan. But ought, as used, is irregular, being used 
in all persons both in the present and past tenses.] 1. To 
be held or bound in duty or moral obligation. 2. To be 
necessary ; to behoove. 3. To be fit or expedient in a 
moral view. — 4. As a participle, owed ; been indebted for. 
-Dryden ; [obs.]— 5. In Chaucer's time, it was used im- 
personally. 

OUNCE (ouns), n. [L. uncia; Fr. once.] 1. A weieht, the 



% See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, e, I, <fec. short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ; 



twelfth part of a pound troy, and the sixteenth of a poum: 
avoirdupois. 2. An animal of the genus felis. See Ones. 

tOUND'?NG \ a - [^ T -onde;h.unda.] Waving.— Chaucer. 

f oUPHE (oof), n. [Teut auff.] A fairy ; a goblin ; an el£ 

t OUPH'^N (oof'n), a. Elfish.— Shak. 

OUR a, [Sax. ure.] 1. Pertaining or belonging to us ; as, 
our country. 2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive 
case of our, is never used as an adjective, but as a substi- 
tute for the adjective and the noun to which it belongs ; 
as, your house is on a plain ; ours is on a hill. 

OU-RANG'-OU-TANG', n. See Orang-outang. 

OU-RA-NOGTtA-PHY, n. [Gr. ovpavos and ypuc^.] A de- 
scription of the heavens. [Uranography is more used.] 

OU-ROL'O-GY, ) n. [Gr. ovpov and Aoyoj, or oko-m.] The 

OU-ROS'€0-PY, 5 judgment of diseases from an examin- 
ation of the urine. — Brande. 

OUR.-SELF,' pron. reciprocal, [our and self] This is added 
after we and us, and sometimes is used without either for 
myself, in the regal style only ; as, we our self will follow. 
— Shak. 

OUR-SEL VES', pi. of ourself We or us, not others ; added 
to we, by way of emphasis or opposition. 

OUSE. See Ooze. 

OUS'JEL (oo'zl), n. [Sax. osle.] A name common to several 
species of bird3 of the thrush family. One of them is the 
European blackbird. — Shak. 

OUST, v. t. [Fr. oter, for ouster.] 1. To take away ; to re- 
move. 2. To eject ; to disseize. 

OUST'ED, pp. Taken away ; removed ; ejected. 

OUSTER, n. Removal from possession ; disseizin ; dispos- 
session ; ejection. Blackstone. — Ouster le main, [ouster, 
and Fr. le main.] A delivery of lands out of the hands of 
a guardian, or out of the king's hands ; or a judgment 
given for that purpose. — Blackstone. 

OUSTTNG, ppr. Taking away ; removing ; ejecting. 

OUT, adv. [Sax. ut ; D. uit.] 1. Without ; on the outside , 
not within ; on the exterior, or beyond the limits of an] 
inclosed place or given line ; opposed to in or within. 2. 
Abroad ; not at home. 3. In a state of disclosure or dis 
covery. 4. Not concealed. 5. In a state of extinction. 
6. In a state of being exhausted. 7. In a state of destitu- 
tion ; as, out of food. 8. Not in office or employment 9. 
Abroad or from home, in a party, at church, in a parade, 
&c. 10. To the end; as, "hear me out." — Dryden. 11. 
Loudly ; without restraint ; as, to laugh out. — Pope. 12. 
Not in the hands of the owner. 13. In an error. 14. At a 
loss ; in a puzzle. 15. Uncovered ; with clothes torn ; as, 
out at the heels or knees. 16. Away, 80 as to consume ; 
as, to sleep out care. 17. Deficient ; having expended ; 
as, out of pocket. 18. It is used as an exclamation with the 
force of command ; away ; begone. — Out upon you, out 
upon it, expressions of dislike or contempt 

OUT of. In this connection, out may be considered as as 
adverb, and of as a preposition. 1. Proceeding from, a* 
produce. 2. From or proceeding from a place, or the in- 
terior of a place. 3. Beyond. 4. From, noting taking or 
derivation. 5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion. 6. 
Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence, 
or dereliction ; as, out of office. 7. Not in, noting unfit- 
ness or impropriety ; as, out of season. 8. Not within, 
noting extraordinary delay. 9. Not within ; abroad. 10. 
From, noting copy from an original. 11. From, noting 
rescue or liberation ; as, out of danger. 12. Not in, noting 
deviation, exorbitance, or irregularity ; as, out of order. 
13. From, noting dereliction or departure 14. From, 
noting loss of change of state ; as, to be out of tune. 15. 
Not according to, noting deviation. 16. Beyond ; not 
within the limits of; as, out of one's- reach. 17. Noting 
loss or exhaustion ; as, out of breath. 18. Noting loss. 
19. By means of. — Shak. 20. In consequence of, noting 
the motive, source, or reason ; as, out of generosity. — Out 
of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready 
in the hand. Sliak. — Out of print, denotes that a book is 
not in market, or to be purchased, the copies printed hav- 
ing been all sold. 

OUT, v. t. To eject ; to expel ; to deprive by expulsion. 

OUT'-GUaRD, n. A guard at a distance from the main 
bodv of an army ; or a guard at the furthest distance. 

OUT-HER'OD, v. t. To overact the character of Herod, 
which, in the old plays, was always a violent one. — Smart. 

OUT-HER'OD-ED, pp. Surpassed in violence or cruelty. 

OUT-ACT', v. t. To do beyond ; to exceed in act. 

OUT-aR'GuE, v. t. To argue better than another. 

OUT-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To outweigh; to exceed in weight 
or effect. — Dryden. 

OUT-BAL'ANC£D (-bal'anst), pp. Outweighed. 

OUT-BAR', v. t. To shut out by bars or fortification. 

OUT-BXRR.ED' (-bardO, pp. Shut out by bars. 

OUT-BID', v. t. To bid more than another.— Pope. 

OUT-BIDDEN, } pp ' Exceeded in the P rice offered 
OUT-BID'DER,' n. One who outbids. 

MOVErBQQK. 



OUT 



701 



OUT 



OUT-FID'DING, ppr. Bidding a price beyond another. 

OUT-BLOWN', pp. Inflated; swelled with wind. 

OUT-BLUSH', v. t. To exceed in rosy color. — Shipman. 

OUT'BORN, a. Foreign ; not native. [Little used.] 

OUTBOUND, a. Destined or proceeding from a country 
or harbor to a distant country or port ; outward bound. 

OUT-BRaVE', v. t. 1. To bear down by more daring or in- 
solent conduct 2. To exceed in splendid appearance.— 
Cowley. 

OUT-BRXZ'EN, v. t. To bear down with a brazen face or 
impudence. 

>UTBREaK, n. A bursting forth ; eruption; outburst. 
>UTBREaK-ING, n. That which bursts forth. 
)UT-BRE ATHE', v. t. 1. To weary by having better breath. 
— Shah. 2. To expire.— Spenser. 

3UT-BUD', v. i. To sprout forth.— Spenser. 

3UT-BUILD' (otit-biW), v. t. To exceed in building, or in 
durability of building. 

OUT-BURN', v. t. or I To exceed in- burning.— Mantell. 

OUTBURST, n. [out and burst.] A breaking or bursting out. 

OUT-CANT, v. t. To surpass in canting.— Pope. 

OUTCAST, pp. or a. Cast out; thrown away; rejected as 
useless. — Spenser. 

OUTCAST, 7*. One who is cast out or expelled ; an exile ; 
one driven from home or country. — Is., xvi. 

f OUT-CEPT, for except.— Ben Jonson. 

OUT-CHeAT, v. t. To exceed in cheating. 

OUT-CHEATED, pp. Exceeded in cheating. 

OUT-CHeATING, ppr. Surpassing in cheating. 

OUT-CLlMB' (-klime), v. t. To climb beyond. 

OUT-COM'PASS, v. t. To exceed due bounds. 

OUT-CRAFT, v. t. To exceed in cunning.— Skak. 

OUTCROP, v. i. In geology, to come out to the surface of 
the ground ; [applied to strata.] 

OUTCROP, n. In geology, the coming out of a stratum to 
the surface of the ground.— Lyell. 

OUTCRY, n. 1. A vehement or loud cry ; cry of distress. 
2. Noisy opposition or detestation. 3. Sale at public auc- 
tion. Ainswortk. — Syn. Exclamation ; clamor; noise ; vo- 
ciferation. 

OUT-DARE', v. t. To dare or venture beyond.— SJiak. 

■ OUT-DaTE', v. t. To antiquate.— Hammond. 

OUT-DAZ'ZLE, v. t. To surpass in dazzling 

OUT-DAZ'ZLED, pp. Surpassed in dazzling. 

OUT-Do', v. t.; pret. outdid; pp. outdone. To exceed; to 
excel ; to surpass ; to perform beyond another. — Swift. 

OUT-Do'ING, ppr. Excelling ; surpassing in performance. 

OUT-Do'ING, ft. Excess in performance. — Pope. 

OUT-DONE' (out-dun'), #p. of outdo. 

OUT-DOOR', a. Being without the house. 

OUT-DoORS', adv. Abroad ; out of the house. 

OUT-DRINK', v. t. To exceed in drinking.— Donne. 

OUT-DWELL', v. t. To dwell or stay beyond.— Shale. 

OUTED, a. Put out ; extinguished ; ended. — Hudibras. 

3UTER, a. [comp. of out.] Being on the outside ; external ; 
opposed to inner. 

OUTER-LY, adv. Toward the outside.— Grew. 

OUTER-MOST, a. [supcrl. from outer.] Being on the ex- 
treme external part ; remotest from the midst. 

OUT-FaCE', v. t. To brave ; to bear down with an impos- 
ing front or with impudence ; to stare down. 

OUTFALL, ft.. A fall of water ; a canal. 

OUT-FAWN', v. t. To exceed in fawning or adulation. 

OUT-FeAST, v. t. To exceed in feasting.— Taylor. 
OUT-FeAT, v. t. To surpass in performing. 

OUTFIT, n. 1. A fitting out, as of a ship for a voyage ; usu- 
ally in the plural, oictfits, the expenses incurred, or the ar- 
ticles employed, in equipping and furnishing a ship for a 
voyage. 2. An allowance equal to one year's salary made 
to a public minister, going to a foreign country, beyond 
his salary ; [United States.] 

3UT-FLANK', v. t. To extend the flank of one army be- 
yond that of another. 

DUT-FLASH', v. t. To surpass in flashing. 

DUT-FLASH'ING, ppr. Surpassing in flashing. 

3UT-FLY', v. t. To fly faster than another ; to advance be- 
fore in flight or progress.— -Garth. 

3UT-FOOL', v. t. To exceed in folly.— Youmr. 

OUTFORM, ft. External appearance. — Ben Jonson. 

DUT-FROWN', v. t. To frown down ; to overbear by frown- 
ing.— Skak. 

DUTGATE, n. An outlet ; a passage outward. 

OUT-6EN'ER-AL, v. t. To exceedin generalship ; to gain 

advantage over by superior military skill. — C/i&stcr field. 
DUT-gEN^ER-ALED, pp. Exceeded in military skill. 

DUT-GIVE' (out-giv'), v. t. To surpass in giving.— Drydcn. 

3UT-Go', v. t. 1. To go beyond ; to advance before in go- 
ing ; to go faster. 2. To surpass ; to excel. 3. To circum- 
vent ; to overreach. 

OUT-GOING, vpr. Going beyond. 

OUTGOING, a. 1. The act of going out. 2. The state of 
going out — Ps. lxv. 3. Utmost border ; extreme limit. — 
Josh., xvii. 



OUT-GONE' (-gawn), pp. Gone beyond. 

OUT-GRIN", v. t. To surpass in grinning— Addison. 

OUT-GRoW', v. t. 1. To surpass in growth. 2. To grew 
too great or too old for any thing. 

OUT-GROWN', pp. of outgrow. 

OUTHOUSE, ft. A small house or building at a little dis- 
tance from the main house. 

OUTING, ft. A going from home ; an airing. [Local.] 

OUT-JEST, v. t. To overpower by jesting.— Shah. 

OUT-JESTED, pp. Overpowered" by jesting. 

OUT-JUG'GLE, v. I. To surpass in juggling.— Hall. 

OUT-KNaVE' (out-nave'), v. t. To surpass~in knavery 

t OUTLAND, a. [Sax. utlcendc.] Foreign.— Sirutt. 

t OUTLAND-ER, ft. A foreigner ; not a native.— Wood. 

OUT-LAND1SH, a. [Sax. utlcendisc ; out and land.] 1. For- 
eign ; not native. 2. Born or produced in the interior 
country, or among rude people; hence, vulgar; rustic: 
rude ; clownish. 

OUT-LAST, v. t. To last longer than something else; to 
exceed in duration. — Bacon. 

OUT-LASTED, pp. Lasted longer than something else. 

OUTLAW, n. [Sax. utlaga ; out and law.] A person ex 
eluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its pro- 
tection. 

OUTLAW, r. t. [Sax. utlagian.] To deprive of the benefit 
and protection of law ; to proscribe. 

OUTLAWED, pp. or a. Excluded from the benefit of law. 

OUTLAWING, ppr. Depriving of the benefit of law. 

OUT'LAW-RY, n. The putting a man out of the protection 
of law, or the process by which a man is deprived of thai 
protection. — Blackstone. 

OUTLAY, n. A laying out or expending ; expenditure 

OUT-LeAP', v. t. To leap beyond ; to pass by leaping. 

OUT'LE AP. ft. Sally ; flight ; escape.— Locke. 

OUT-LEAPED' (-leept or -lept), pp. Leaped beyond. 

OUT-LeAP'ING, ppr. Leaping beyond. 

OUTLET, ft. Passage outward ; the place or the means by 
which any thing escapes or is discharged. 

OUTLICK-ER, n. In ships, a small piece of timber fastened 
to the top of the poop. 

OUT-LlE', v. t. To exceed in lying.— Hall. 

OUT'Ll-ER, ft. 1. One who does not reside in the place 
with which his office or duty connects him. 2. A part ol 
a rock or stratum lying without or beyond the main body 
— Mantell. 

OUTLINE, ft. 1. The fine by which a figure is defined 
the exterior fine. 2. The first sketch of a figure. 3. Firs 
general sketch of any scheme or design. — Svn. Contour , 
draught ; delineation. 

OUTLINE, v. t. To draw the exterior line ; to delineate 
to sketch. 

OUTLINED, pp. Marked with an outline. 

OUT-LIVE' (out-livO, v. t. 1. To live beyond : to survive 
to live after something has ceased. 2. To live better or tc 
better purpose. — Scott. 

OUT-LIVED', pp. Survived; lived beyond. 

OUT-LIVER, n. A survivor. 

OUT-LIVING, ppr. Living beyond another's life. 

OUT-LOOK', v. t. 1. To face down; to browbeat 2. To 
select : [obs.] 

OUTLOOK, ra. Vigilant watch ; foresight ; a lookout- 
Young. 

OUT-LOOKED' (-looktf), pp. Faced down ; browbeaten 

t OUTLOPE, ft. An excursion.— Florio. 

OUT-LUS'TRE } *• U To excel ™ brightness.— 5/^. 

OUT-Lf ING, a. 1. Lying or being at a distance from the 
main body or design. 2. Being on the exterior or front- 
ier. 

OUT-MA-NOZu\?iE, } v ' U To SVLT P 3S3 ™ maneuvering. 
OUT-MARCH', v. t. To march faster than ; to march so as 

to leave behind. — Clarendon. 
OUT-MaRCHED' (-marchi), pp. Left behind in a march. 
OUT-MeAS'URE (out-mezh'ur), v. t. To exceed in measure 

or extent. — Brown. „ 

OUT-MeAS'URED, pp. Exceeded in extent 
OUTMOST, a. Furthest outward; most remote; from the 

middle ; outermost. — Milton. 
t OUT-NaME', v. t. To exceed in naming or describing. 
OUT-NUM'BER, v. t. To exceed in number. 
OUT-NUMBERED, pp. Exceeded in number. 
OUT-PICE', v. t. To outgo ; to leave behind. — Clwpman. 
OUT-PAR' A-MoUR, v. t. To exceed in keeping mistresses 

— Skak. 
OUTTAR-ISH, n. A parish lying without the walls, or on 

the border. — Graunt. 
OUTP1RT, ft. A part remote from the center or main part 

— Ayliffe. 
OUT-PaSS', v. t. To pass beyond ; to exceed in progress. 
OUT-PEER', v. t. To surpass or excel.— Skak. 
OUT-POISE' (out-poiz'), v. t. To outweigh.— Howell. 
OUTPoRCH, ft. An entrance.— Milton. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObtwlfM 



OUT 



702 



OUT 



OUTPoRT, n. In Great Britain, a port at some distance 
from the city of London. — Ash. 

OUT'PoST, n. 1. A post or station without the limits of a 
camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army. 
2. The troops placed at such a station. 

QUT-PoUR', v. t. 1. To pour out ; to send forth in a stream. 
—Milton. 2. To effuse. 

OUT-PoURED', pp. Sent forth in a stream. 

OUTPOUR-ING, n. A pouring out; effusion.— Milner. 

OUT-PRaY', v. t. To exceed in prayer or in earnestness of 
entreaty. — Scott. 

OUT-PReACH', v. t. To surpass in preaching ; to produce 
more effect in inculcating lessons or truth. — J. Trumbull. 
)UT-PRlZE', v. t. To exceed in value or estimated worth. 
UTRAgE, v. t. [Fr. outrager.] To treat with violence and 
wrong ; to abuse by rude or insolent language ; to injure 
by rough, rude treatment of any kind. 

OUTRAGE, v. i. To commit exorbitances ; to be guilty of 
violent rudeness. — Ascham. 

OUTRAGE, n. [Fr.] Injurious violence offered to persons 
or things ; excessive abuse ; wanton mischief. 

OUTHagED, pp. or a. Treated with violence or wrong; 
abused by insolent language. 

OUT-Ra'gEOUS, a. [It. oltraggioso ; Fr. outrageux.] 1. Vi- 
olent ; furious ; exorbitant ; exceeding all bounds of mod- 
eration. 2. Excessive ; exceeding reason or decency; as, 
outrageous panegyric. — Dryden. 3. Enormous ; atrocious, 
as crimes. 4. Tumultuous ; turbulent. 

OUT-Ra'GEOUS-LY, adv. With great violence ; furiously ; 
excessively. — South. 

OUT-Ra'gEOUS-NESS, n. Fury ; violence ; enormity. 

OUT-RaZE', v. t. To raze to extermination. — Sandys. 

6JJ-TRE' (oo-tra/), a. [Fr.] Being out of the common course 
or limits ; extravagant. — Geddes. 

OUT-ReACH', v. t. To go or extend beyond.— Brmon. 

OUT-REACHED' (-reecht), pp. Reached beyond. 

OUTReAS'ON, v. t. To excel or surpass in reasoning. 

OUT-ReAS'ONED, pp. Surpassed in reasoning. 

OUT-RECK' ON, v. t. To exceed in assumed computation. 

OUT-BECK' ON ED, pp. Excelled in computation. 

OUT-KE IGN' (out-rane'), v . t. To reign through the whole of. 

OUT-RiDE', v. t. To pass by riding ; to ride faster than.— 
Hall._ 

OUT-RiDE', v. i. To travel about on horseback, or in a ve- 
hicle;— Addison. 

OUTRlD-ER, n. 1. A summoner whose office is to cite 
men before the sheriff; [obs.] 2. One who travels about 
on horseback. 3. A servant on horseback who attends a 
carriage. 

OUT'RIG-GER, n. In seamen's language, a projecting spar 
or piece of timber for extending ropes or sails, or for oth- 
er temporary purposes. — Brande. 

OUTRIGHT (-rite), adv. 1. Immediately ; without delay ; 
at once. — Arbuthnot. 2. Completely. — Addison. 

OUT-Rl'VAL, v. t. To surpass in excellence. — Addison. 

OUT-ROAR', v. t. To exceed in roaring. — Shak. 

OUT-RoARED', pp. Surpassed in roaring. 

ODT'RoDE, n. An excursion. — 1 Mace, xv. 

OUT-ROOT, v. t. To eradicate ; to extirpate.— Rowe. 

OUT-RUN', v. t. 1. To exceed in running ; to leave behind 
in running. 2. To exceed, as one's income. — Addison. 

OUT-SaIL', v. t. To sail faster than ; to leave behind in sail- 
ing. — Broome. 

OUT-SAILED', pp. Sailed faster than. 

OUT-SIIL'ING, ppr. Leaving behind in sailing. 

\ OUT'SCaPE, n. Power of escaping.— Chapman. 

OUT-SCORN', v. t. To bear down or confront by con- 
tempt ; to despise. 

OUT-S€OURTNGS,?i.p2. [out and scour.] Substances wash- 
ed or scoured out. — Buckland. 

OUT-SELL', v. t. 1. To exceed in amount of sales. 2. To 
exceed in the prices of things sold. 3. To gain a higher 
price. 

OUTSET, n. Beginning ; first entrance on any business. — 
Smith. 

OUT-SHINE', v. t. 1. To send forth brightness or lustre. 2. 
To excel in lustre or excellence. — Addison. 

OUT-SHOOT', v. t. 1. To exceed in shooting.— Dryden. 2. 
To shoot beyond. — Norris. 

OUT-SHUT, v. t. To shut out or exclude.— Donne. 

OUTSIDE, n. 1. The external part of a thing ; the part, 
end, or side which forms the surface or superficies. 2. 
Superficial appearance ; exterior. 3. Person ; external 
man. 4. The part or place that lies without or beyond an 
inclosure. 5. The utmost ; as, not more at the outside. 

OUTSIDE, a. On the outside ; exterior ; external. 

f OUT-SIN', v. t. To sin beyond.— Killingbeck. 

OUT-SIT', v. t. To sit beyond the time of any thing. 

OUT-SKIP', v. t. To avoid by flight.— Ben Jonson. 

OUT'SKiRT, n. Border; outpost; suburb.— Clarendon. 

OUT-SLEEP', v. t. To sleep beyond.— Shak. 

OUT-SoAR', v. t. To soar beyond.— Gov. of the Tongue. 
OUT-SOUND', v. t. To surpass in sound.— Hammond. 



OUT-SPaRK'LE, v. t. To exceed in sparkling. 

OUT-SPaRK'LED, pp. Surpassed in sparkling. 

OUT-SPaRK'LING, ppr. Surpassing in sparkling. 

OUT-SPE AK', v. t. To speak something beyond ; to exceed 
— Shak. 

OUT-SPoRT, v. t. To sport beyond ; to outdo in sporting. 

OUT-SPReAD' (out-spred'), v. t. To extend ; to spread ; to 
diffuse. 

OUTSPREAD (oufspred), pp. or a. Extended; expanded. 

OUT-SPReAD'ING, ppr. Extending; diffusing. 

OUT-SPReAD'ING, n. The act of spreading over or diffus- 
ing. 

OUT-STAND', v. t. 1. To resist effectually ; to withstand , 
to sustain without yielding. — Woodward; [Utile used.] 2. 
To stand beyond the proper time. — Shak. 

OUT-STAND', v. i. To project outward from the main body. 

OUT-STAND'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Resisting effectually ; [little 
used.] 2. Projecting outward. 3. Not collected ; unpaid. 
— Hamilton. 

OUT-STaRE', v. t. To face down ; to browbeat ; to outface 
with efl'rontery. — Shak. 

OUT-STaRED', pp. Outfaced with effrontery. 

OUTSTXRT-ING, a. Starting out.— Coleridge. 

OUT-STEP', v. i. To step or go beyond ; to exceed. 

OUT-STEPPED' (-stepr/), pp. Stepped beyond. 

OUT-STORM', v. t. To overbear by storming.— J. Barlow. 

OUTSTREET, n. A street in the extremities of a town. 

OUT-STRETCH', v. t. To extend ; to stretch or spread: 
out ; to expand. — Milton. 

OUT-STRETCHED', pp. or a. Extended ; spread out. 

OUT-STRETCHTNG, ppr. Spreading out ; expanding. 

OUT-STRlDE', v. t. To surpass in striding.— Ben Jonson 

OUT-STRIP', v. t. To outgo ; to outrun ; to advance be- 
yond. « 

OUT-STRIPPED' (-stripf), pp. Outrun. 

OUT-S WEaR', v. t. To exceed in swearing; to overpowei 
by swearing. — Shak. 

OUT-S WEETEN, v. t. To exceed in sweetness.— Shak. 

OUT-SWELL', v. t. To overflow ; to exceed in swelling. 

OUT-TALK' (out-tawk'), v. t. To overpower by talking; to 
exceed in talking. — Shak. 

OUT-TALKED' (-tawkf), pp. Overpowered by talking. 

OUT-THRoW, v. t. To throw out or beyond.— Swift. 

OUT-TOIL', v. i. To toil to a degree beyond another. 

OUT-T6NGUE' (out-tung 7 ), v. t. To bear down by talk, 
clamor, or noise. — Shak. 

t OUT-TOP', v. t. To overtop.— Williams. 

OUT-VAL'UE, v. t. To exceed in price or value. —Boyh. 

OUT-VEN'OM, v. t. To exceed in poison.— Shak. 

OUT-VIE', v. t. To exceed ; to surpass. — Addison. 

OUT-VIL'LAIN, v. t. To exceed in villainy.— Shak. 

t OUT-VOICE', v. t. To exceed in roaring or clamor. 

OUT- VOTE', v. t. To exceed in the number of votes given 
to defeat by plurality of suffrages. — South. 

OUT-VoT'ED, pp. Defeated by plurality of suffrages. 

OUT-WALK' (out-wawkO, v. t. 1. To walk faster than ; tc 
leave behind in walking. 2. To exceed the walking of * 
spectre. — Ben Jonson. 

OUT- WALKED' (-waukf), pp. Left behind in walking. 

OUTWALL, n. 1. The exterior wall of a building or foi 
tress. 2. Superficial appearance. — Shak. ; [unusual.] 

OUT'WARD, a. [Sax. utweard, or uteweard.] 1. External ; 
exterior ; outer ; formingthe superficial part. 2. External ; 
visible ; opposed to inward. 3. Extrinsic ; adventitious ; 
as, an outward honor. — Shak. 4. Foreign ; not intestine ; 
as, an outward war ; [obs.] 5. Tending to the exterior 
part. — 6. In Scripture, civil : public. 1 Chron., xxvi. — 7 
In theology, carnal ; fleshly ; corporeal ; not spiritual. 

OUT'WARD, n. External form.— Shak. . 

OUTWARD, adv. 1. To the outer parts ; tending or di- 
rected toward the exterior. 2. From a port or country. 

OUTWARD-BOUND', a. Proceeding from a port or coun 
try. 

OUT'WARD- LY, adv. 1. Externally ; opposed to inwardly. 
2. In appearance ; not sincerely. 

OUT- WASH', v. t. To wash out ; to cleanse from. [Rare.] 

OUT-WATCH', v. t. To surpass in watching. — Ben Jonson. 

OUT- WE aR', v. t. 1. To wear out ; [obs.] 2. To pass te- 
diously to the end ; as, " if I the night outwear." —Pope. 3. 
To last longer than something else. 

OUT- WEED', v. t. To weed out ; to extirpate. 

OUT-WEEP', v. t. To exceed in weeping. — Dryden, 

OUT-WEIGH' (out-wa'), v. t. 1. To exceed in weight. 2. 
To exceed in value, influence, or importance ; to overbal- 
ance. 

OUT- WEIGHED' (-wade') , pp. Exceeded in weight, value, 
or importance. 

OUT-WEIGH'ING (-wa'ing), ppr. Exceeding in weight, val- 
ue, or influence. 

f OUT-WELL', v. t. or i. To pour out.— Spenser. 

OUT-WENT, pret. of outgo. 

OUT-WHoRE', v. t. To exceed in lewdness.— Pope. 

t OUT- WIN', v. t. To get out of.— Spenser. 



" See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



OVE 



■03 



OVE 



OUT-WiND', v. t. To extricate by winding; to unloose. 

OUT-WING', t\ t. To move faster on the wing ; to outstrip. 
— Garth. 

OUT- WIT', v. t. To surpass in design or stratagem ; to over- 
reach ; to defeat by superior ingenuity. 

OUT-WIT'TED, pp. Overreached ; defeated by stratagem, 
or by superior ingenuity. 

OUT-WORK' (out-wurk'), v. t. To surpass in work or labor. 

OUTWORK (out-wurk), n. A term applied to all works of 
a fortress which are situated without the principal wall, 
within or beyond the principal ditch. — Encyc. Am. 

OUT-W5RN', pp. Worn out; consumed by use. 

OUT-W6RTH' (-wurth'), v. t. To exceed in value.— Skak. 

OUT- WREST' (out-restT), v. t. To extort ; to draw from or 
forth by_ violence. — Spenser. 

OUT-WRiTE' (out-rite'), v. t. To surpass in writing. 

OUT- WROUGHT (out-rawt/), pp. Outdone ; exceeded in 
act or efficacy. 

OUT-Za'NY, v. t. To exceed in buffoonery. 

OUZE, n. See Ooze. 

o'VAL, a. [Fr. ovale ; L. ovum.] 1. Of the shape or figure 
•of an egg; oblong and curvilinear, with both ends of the 
same breadth ; elliptical ; resembling the longitudinal sec- 
tion of an egg. 2. Pertaining to eggs ; done in the egg. — 
Brown. 

O'VAL, n. A body or figure in the shape of an egg, or of an 
ellipse. — Watts. 

5'VAL-SHaPjED' (-shapteO, 3. Oval. 

oV-AL-Bu'AIEN, n. The albumen or white of an egg. 

5'VAL-LY, adv. So as to be oval. 

O-Va'RI-AN, a. Belonging to the female ovary. 

O-Va'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of eggs. — Thomson. 

O-Va/RI-UM, n. ; pi. O-va'ri-a. [L.] An ovary, which see. 

5'VA-RY, n. [Fr. ovaire ; L. ovarium.] 1. The part of a fe- 
male animal in which the eggs are formed or lodged ; or 
the part in which the fetus is supposed to be formed. — 2. 
In botany, a hollow case or covering, inclosing ovules. It 
contains one or more cavities called cells. — Lindley. 

5'VaTE, ?a. |L. ovatus.] Egg-shaped, with the lower ex- 

O'Va-TED, 5 tremities broadest. 

O'VaTE-LAN'CE-O-LaTE, a. Between ovate and lanceo- 
late. 

G'VaTE-SUB'U-LATE, a. Between ovate and subulate. 

O-Va'TION, n. [L. ovatio.] In Roman antiquity, a lesser tri- 
umph. 

O'VI-TO-OB'LONG, a. Between ovate and oblong. 

6V.EN (uv'n), n. [Sax., G.ofen; D. oven; Dan. ovn.] 1. A 

Slace arched over with brick or stone work for baking, 
eating, or drying any substance. 2. The term has been 
extended so as to include various apparatus for baking or 
drying ; as, a tin oven. 
O'VER, prep. [Sax. ober, ofer ; Goth, ufar ; G. uber ; D., Dan. 
over.) 1. Across ; from side to side. 2. Above, in place 
or position ; opposed to below. 3. Above, denoting supe- 
riority in excellence, dignity, or value. 4. Above in au- 
thority, implying the right or power of superintending or 
governing; opposed to under. 5. Upon the surface or 
whole surface ; through the whole extent. 6. Upon ; as, 
to watch over one. 7. During the whole time ; from be- 
ginning to end; as, to keep over the season. 8. Above the 
top ; covering ; immersing ; as, mud over the shoes. — To 
do a thing over night, is to do it before retiring to rest for 
the night. — Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er. 

5'VER, adv. 1. From side to side ; as, a board a foot over. 
2. On the opposite side. 3. From one to another by pass- 
ing ; as, to deliver a thing over to one: 4. From one coun- 
try to another by passing. 5. On the surface. 6. Above 
the top. 7. More than the quantity assigned; beyond a 
limit. 8. Throughout ; from beginning to end ; complete- 
ly ; as, to think over a subject. 

Over and over, repeatedly ; once and again. Harte. — Over 
again, once more ; with repetition. Dryden. — Over and 
above, besides ; beyond what is supposed or limited. — 
Over against, opposite ; in front. Addison. — Over is used 
with rolliDg or turning from side to side ; as, to turn over. 
— To give over. 1. To cease from. 2. To consider as in a 
hopeless state. — Over, in composition, denotes spreading, 
covering above, as in overcast, overflow ; or across ; as, to 
overhear ; or above ; as, to overhang ; or turning, changing 
sides, as in overturn ; or, more generally, beyond, implying 
excess or superiority, as in overact, overcome. 

5'VER, a. 1. Past; as, the show is over. 2. Upper; covering. 

o'VER-DCE, a. Past the time of payment ; as, an over-due 
note. 

5-VER-A BOUND', v. i. To abound more than enough ; to 
be superabundant ; to superabound. — Pope. 

5-VER.-ACT', v. t. To act or perform to excess. / 

O-VER-A-GT', v. i. To act more than is necessary. 

6 VER- ACTED, pp. Acted to excess. 

0- VER- AC TING, ppr. Performing more than is necessary. 

O-VER-AG'I-TaTE, v. t. To agitate or discuss beyond what 
is expedient. — Hall. 

yVER-ALLS, n. pi. A kind of trowsers worn over others. 

/ D6VE ;— BUIXT UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUST— € aa 



O-VER-ANXIOUS, n. Anxious to excess. 
O-VER-XRCH', v. t. To arch over; to cover with an area. 
O-VER-AWE' (6-ver-aw'), v. t. To restrain by awe, fear, or 

superior influence.— Spenser. 
5-VER-AW.ED', pp. Restrained by awe. 
O-VER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh down; to exceed in 

weight, value, or importance. 
O-VER-BAL'ANCE, n. Excess of weight or value ; some- 
thing more than an equivalent. — Locke. 
O-VER-BAL'ANOED (-bal'anst), pp. Weighed down ; ex 

ceeded in weight or importance. 
o-VER-BAL'ANC-ING, ppr. Exceeding in weight, value, or 

importance. 
t_o-VER-BAT'TLE, a. Too fruitful ■ exuberant. 
O-VER-BEIR', v. t. To bear down. — Syn. To overpower , 
overwhelm ; whelm ; conquer ; subdue ; repress ; sup 
press. 
O-VER-BEaR'ING, ppr. 1. Bearing down; repressing. 2 
a. Haughty and dogmatical ; disposed or tending to re- 
press or subdue by insolence or effrontery. — Syn. Impe- 
rious ; domineering ; lordly ; tyrannical. 
0-VER-BEaR'ING-LY, adv. In an overbearing way. 
u-VER-BEND', v. t. To bend or stretch to excess. 
5-VER-BID', v. t. 1. To bid or offer beyond. 2. To bid or 

offer more than an equivalent. 
5-VER-BLoW, v. i. 1. To blow with too much violence ; 
[a seaman's phrase.] 2. To blow over, or be past its vio- 
lence ; [obs.] 
5-VER-BLoW, v. t. To blow away ; to dissipate by wind. 
o-VER-BLoWN', pp. Blown by and gone ; blown away 

driven by ; past. — Dryden. 
0'VER-BoARD, adv. [over, and Fr. bord.] Out of a ship or 

from on board ; as, to fall overboard. 
o-VER-BRoW, v. t. To hang over.— Collins. 
O-VER-BUlLT (o-ver-bilf), pp. Built over.— Milton. 
t o-VER-BULK', v. t. To oppress by bulk.— Sliak. 
5-VER-BUR'D.EN, v. t. To load with too great weight. 
5-VER-BUR'D.EN.ED, pp. or a. Overloaded. 
5-VER-BUR'D J5N-ING, ppr. Overloading. 
O-VER-BURN', v. t. To burn too much. — Mortimer. 
o-VER-BUS'Y (o-ver-biz'zy), a. Too busy ; officious. 
O-VER-BUY', v. t. To buy at too dear a rate.— Dryden. 
d-VER-GAN'O-PY, v. t. To cover as with a canopy. 
o'VER-CIRE, n. Excessive care or anxiety. — Dryden. 
O-VER-GIRE'FUL, a. Careful to excess. 
o-VER-GAR'RI-ED, pp. Carried too far. 
o-VER-€AR'RY, v. t. To carry too far ; to carry or urga 

beyond the proper point.— Hayward. 
5-VER-G5ST, v. t. 1. To cloud ; to darken ; to cover witi 
gloom. 2. To cast or compute at too high a rate ; to rate 
too high. — Bacon. 3. To sew over. 
0-VER-CaST, pp. 1. Clouded ; overspread with clouds or 

gloom. 2. Served over. 
o-VER-€ASTTNG,£pr. Overspreadingwith clouds or gloom; 

serving over. 
o-VER-€AU'TIOUS, a. Cautious or prudent to excess. 
o-VER-€AU'TIOUS-LY, adv. With excessive caution. 
0-VER-CHaRgE', v. t. 1. To charge or load to excess ; to 
overload ; to cloy ; to oppress. 2. To crowd too much. 
3. To burden. 4. To fill to excess ; to surcharge. 5. To 
load with too great a charge, as a gun. 6. To charge too 
much ; to enter in an account more than is just. 
OVER-CHARGE, n. 1. An excessive load or burden. 2. A 
charge in an account of more than is just. 3. An excessive 
charge, as of a gun. 
5-VER-CHaRG.ED', pp. or a. Loaded to excess; charged 

more than is proper. 
5-VER-CLlMB', v. t. To climb over. — Surrey. 
o-VER-CLOUD', v. t. To cover or overspread with cloud* 
o-VER-€LOUD'ED, pp. Overspread with clouds. 
O-VER-CLOY', v. t. "To fill beyond satiety.— Shak. 
0-VER-CoLD', a. Cold to excess.— Wiseman. 
0-VER-C6ME', v. t. 1. To be victorious over, as foes. 2. 
To get the better of, as embarrassment. 3. To overflow ; 
to surcharge ; [obs.] 4. To come upon_; to invade ; [obs.] 
— Syn. To overpower ; conquer ; subdure ; vanquish ; mas- 
ter ; surmount. 
O-VER-COME' (-kum'), v. i. To gain the superiority ; to be 

victorious. 
5-VER-CoM'ER, n. One who vanquishes or surmounts. 
o-VER-€6M'ING (-kum'ing), ppr. or a. Vanquishing ; sub- 
duing ; setting the better of. 
o-VER-€6M'ING-LY, adv. With superiority.— More. 
o-VER-€ON'FI-DENCE, n. Excessive confidence. 
o-VER-€ON'FI-DENT, a. Excessively confident. 
o-VER-€ON'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With too much confidence 

— Baxter. 
o-V£R-€ORN', v. t. To corn to excess. — Addison. 
o-VER-COUNT', v. t. To rate above the true value.— Skak 
o-VER-€OUNTjBD, pp. Rated above the value. 
5-VER-C6VER, v. t. To cover completely.— Shak. 
O-VER-CRED'U-LOUS, a. Too apt to believe.— Shak. 
t o-VER-€RoW, v. t. To crow as in triumph. — Spenser. 

KM* as J ; @ as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



OVE 



?04 



OVE 



6VER-€0'RI-OUS, a. Curious or nice to excess.— Bacon. 

O-VER-DaTE', v. t. To date beyond the proper period. 

f o-VERDiGHT' (-dlte'), a. Covered over.— Spenser. 

3-VER-DIL1-GENT, a. Diligent to excess. 

d-VER-Do', v. t. 1. To do or perform too much. 2. To 
harass ; to fatigue ; to oppress by too much action or la- 
bor. 3. To boil, bake, or roast too much. 

5-VER-Do', v. L To labor too hard ; to do too much. 

0-VER-Do'ING, n. Excessive labor or exertion. 

O-VER-Do'ING, ppr. Doing to excess. 

0-VER-D6NE' (-dun'), pp. 1. Overacted ; acted to excess. 
2. Wearied or oppressed by too much labor. 3. Boiled, 
baked, or roasted too much. 

5'VER-DoSE, n. Too great a dose. 

'>VER-DRAW, v. t. To draw beyond the proper limits ; to 
draw beyond one's credit or funds ; as, to overdraw one's 
account at a bank. 

T>- VER-D RAWING, ppr. Drawing beyond the proper lim- 
its, or beyond one's credit or funds. 

O-VER-DRAWN', pp. Drawn beyond the proper limits ; 
drawn upon beyond the credit or funds of the drawer. 

o-VER-DRESS', v. t. To dress to excess. 

G-VER-DRESSED' (-dresf), pp. Adorned to excess. 

O-VER-DRINK', v. t. To drink to excess. 

o-VER-DRl VE', v. t. To drink too hard, or beyond strength. 

O-VER-DRIV'EN, pp. Driven too hard. 

5-VER-DRY', v. t. To dry too much.— Burton. 

O-VER eA'GER, a. Too eager ; too vehement in desire. 

O-VER-eA'GER-LY, adv. With excessive eagerness. 

o-VER-eA'GER-NESS, n. Excess of earnestness. 

o-VER-eAT', v. t. To eat to excess. 

O-VER-eAT'EN, pp. or a. Having eaten too much. 

5-VER-EL'E-GANT, a. Elegant to excess.— Johnson. 

o-VER-EMPTY^fl. t. To make too empty.— Carew. 

o-VER-ES'TI-MaTE, v. t. To estimate too highly. 

O-VER-ESTLMATE, n. An estimate that is too high. 

5-VER-EX-ClT'ED, a. Too much excited. 

O-VER-EX-CiTE'MENT, n. Excess of excitement. 

O-VER-EYE', v. t. 1. To superintend ; to inspect; [little 
used.] 2. To observe ; to remark. — Shak. 

O'VER-FALL, n. A cataract ; the fall of a river. — Raleigh. 

o-VER-FA-Ti'GUE' (o-ver-fa-teeg 7 ), n. Excessive fatigue. 

o-VER-FA-TiGUE' (6-ver-fa-teeg'), v. t. To fatigue to excess. 

5-VER-FED', pp. Fed to excess. 

5-VER-FEED'. v. t. To feed to excess.— Dryden. 

O-VER-FILL', v. t. To nil to excess ; to surcharge. — Dryden. 

o-VER-FLoAT', v. i. To overflow; to inundate.— Dryden. 

O-VER-FLOUR'ISPI (6-ver-ilur'ish), v. t. To make excessive 
display or flourish. — Collier. 

5-VER-FL6W, v. t. 1. To spread over, as water ; to inun- 
date ; to flood ; to cover with water or other fluid. 2. To 
fill beyond the brim. 3. To deluge ; to overwhelm ; to 
cover, as, \yith numbers. 

<5-VER-FLoW, v. i. 1. To run over ; to swell and run over 
the brim or banks. 2. To be abundant ; to abound ; to 
exuberate. 

O'VER-FLoW, n. An inundation ; superabundance. 

4>-VER-FLo\VED',jy>. Run or spread over, as water ; deluged. 

O-VER-FLoWTNG, ppr. Spreading over, as a fluid ; inun- 
dating ; running over the brim or banks. 

5-VER-FLoW'lNG, a. Abundant ; copious ; exuberant. 

5-VER-FLoW'ING, n. Exuberance; copiousness. 

5-VER-FLo W'ING-LY, adv. Exuberantly ; in great abund- 
ance. — Boyle. 

5-VER-FLUSH', v. t. To flush to excess. 

&-VER-FLUSHED' (6-ver-flushf), pp. 1. Flushed to excess ; 
reddened to excess. 2. Elated to excess. — Addison. 

o-VER-FLy', v. t. To pass over or cross by flight. — Dryden. 

5-VER-FOND', a. Fond to excess. 

5-VER-FOR'WARD, a. Forward to excess. 

5-VER-FORWARD-NESS, a. Too great forwardness or 
readiness ; officiousness. — Hale. 

o-VER-FREIGHT (6-ver-frate'), v. t. To load too heavily ; 
to fill with too great quantity or numbers. 

(5-VER-FRuIT'FUL, a. Too rich ; producing superabundant 
crops. — Dryden. 

O'-VER-FULL', a. Too full. 

\ o-VER-GET", v. t. To reach ; to overtake.— Sidney. 

O-VER-GILD', v. t. To gild over j to varnish. 

G-VER-GiRD', v. t. To gird or bind too closely. 

o-VER,-GLaNCE', v. t. To glance over ; to run over with 
the eye^ — Shak. 

o-VER-Go', v. t. 1. To exceed; to surpass. 2. To cover ; [obs.] 

o-VER-GONE' (-gawn'). pp. Injured; ruined. — Shak. 

0-VER-GORgE' (6-ver-gorj'), v. t. To gorge to excess. 

5-VER-GRaSSED' (o-ver-grasf), a. Overstocked with grass ; 
overgrown with grass. — Spenser. 

O-VER-GREXT, a. Too great.— Locke. 

G-VER-GRoW, v. t. 1. To cover with growth or herbage. 
2. To grow beyond ; to rise above. — Mortimer. 

5-VER-GRoW, v. i. To grow beyond the fit or natural size. 

5-VER-GRoWN', pp. or a. 1. Covered with herbage ; risen 
above. 2. Grown beyond the natural size. 



o'VER-GRoWTH, n. Exuberant or excessive growth. 

O-VER-HALE' (-hawF). See Overhaul. 

O-VER-HAND'LE, v. t. To handle too much ; to mention 
too often. — Shak. 

O-VER-HANG', v. t. 1. To impend or hang over. 2. To jut 
or project over. — Milton. 

O-VER-HANG', v. i. To jut over.— Milton. 

6-VER-HANG'ING, ppr. or a. Hanging over or above. 

O-VER-HaRD'EN, v. t. To harden too much ; to make too 
hard. — Boyle. 

5'VER-HaSTE, n. Too great haste. 

o-VER-HaST1-LY, adv. In too much haste.— Milton. 

o-VER-HaST'I-NESS, n. Too much haste ; precipitation. 

o-VER-HaSTY, a. Too hasty ; precipitate.— Hammond. 

O-VER-HAUL', v. t. 1. To spread over.— Spenser. 2. Ta 
turn over for examination ; to examine or inspect. 3. To 
draw over. 4. To examine again, as one's accounts. 5. 
To gain upon in a chase ; to overtake. 

6-VER-HAULED', pp. 1. Turned over for examination. 2. 

_ Overtaken in a chase. 

O-VER-HeAD' (o-ver-hed'), adv. Aloft; above; in the ze- 
nith or ceiling. — Milton. 

5-VER-HeAR, v. t. To hear by accident; to hear what is 
not addressed to. the hearer, or not intended to be heard 
by him. 

5-VER-HeARD' (-herd'), pp. Heard by accident. 

o-VER-HeAT, v. t. To heat to excess.— Addison. 

6-VER-HeAT'ED, pp. or a. Heated to excess. 

t 0-VER-HeLE', v. t. To cover over.— Ben Jonson. 

t_o-VER-HEND', v. t. To overtake.— Spenser. 

O-VER-HUNG', pp. 1. Hung over. 2. r »Cpvered or overcast, 
as with clouds. 

o-VER-IS'SUE (-ish'shu), n. An issuing to excess ; as, the 
overissues of bank-notes. 

o-VER-JOY', v. t. To give great joy to ; to transport with 
gladness. — Taylor. 

6'VER-JOY, n. Joy to excess ; transport. 

o-VER- JOYED', pp. Transported with gladness. 

o-VER-La'BOR, v. t. 1. To harass with toil.— Dryden. St 
To execute with too much care. 

0-VER-La'BORED, pp. or a. Labored to excess.— Scott 

5-VER-LaDE', v. t. To load with too great a cargo or other 
burden. 

O-VER-LID'EN, pp. Overburdened; loaded to excess. 

O-VER-LIID', pp. Oppressed with weight ; smothered , 
covered over. 

O'VER-LAND, a. Passing by land ; as, an overland journey. 

O-VER-LAP', v. t. To lap over. [Tautological.'] 

o-VER-LXRgE', a. Too large; too great— Collier. 

o-VER-LaRgE'NESS, n. Excess of size. 

O-VER-LASH', v. i. 1. To exaggerate.— Barrow ; [little used.] 
2. To proceed to excess. — Boyle ; [little used.] 

t o-VER-LASH'ING-LY, adv. With exaggeration. 

o-VER-LAV'ISH, a. Lavish to excess. 

o-VER-LaY', v. t. 1. To lay too much upon; to oppress 
with incumbent weight. 2. To cover or spread over the 
surface. 3. To smother with close covering. 4. To over- 
whelm; to smother. 5. To cloud; to overcast. 6. To 
cover ; to join two opposite sides by a cover. 

5-VER-LaY'ING, n. A superficial covering.— Ex., xxxviii. 

5-VER-LeAP', v. t. To leap over ; to pass or move from 
side to side by leaping. — Dryden, 

O-VER-LE APE D' (-leepf or -lepf), pp. Leaped over ; passed 
by leaping. 

oTER-LeATH-ER (-leth-er), n. The leather which forms 
the upper part of a shoe; that which is over the foot. 
[With us, this is called upper leather.] 

o-VER-LeAV'EN (o-ver-lev'n), v. t. 1. To leaven too much ; 
to cause to rise and swell too much. 2. To mix too much 
with ; to corrupt. — Shak. 

O-VER-LIB'ER-AL, a. Too liberal ; too free ; abundant to 
excess.^RacoTi. 

0-VER-LlE', v. t. To lie over or upon something. — ManteiL 

o-VER-LTGHT (-lite'), n. Too strong a light.— Bacon. 

5-VER-LlVE' (6-ver-liv'), v. t. To outlive • to live longer 
than another; to survive.— Sidney. [Little used.] 

5-VER-LlVE' (6-ver-liv'), v. i. To live too long.— Milton. 

O-VER-LIV'ER, n. One who lives longest ; a survivor.— 
Bacon. 

0-VER-LoAD', v. t. To load with too heavy a burden or 
cargo ; to fill to excess ; to overburden. 

o-VER-LoAD'ED, pp. or a. Loaded too heavily ; filled to 
excess. 

o-VER-LoAD'ING, ppr. Putting on too heavy a burden 
filling to excess. 

O-VER-LONG', a. Too \ong.-Boyix,. 

O-VER-LOOK', v. t. 1. To view from a higher place. 2. To 
stand in a more elevated place, or to rise so high as to af- 
ford the means of looking down on ; as, a hill overlooks 
the city. 3. To see from'behind or over the shoulder ol 
another ; to see from a higher position. 4. To view f uUy ; 
to peruse.— Shak. 5. To inspect ; to superintend ; to over 
see; implying care and watchfulness. 6. To review; W 



* Sec Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.— a. e, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



OVE 



705 



OVK 



examine a second time or with care.— Roscommon. 7. To 
pass by indulgently ; to excuse ; not to punish or censure. 
8. To neglect ; to slight. 

5-VER-LOOK.ED' (-lookf), pp. Viewed from a higher 
place ; seen from over the shoulder ; passed by indulgent- 
ly; neglected; slighted. 

0-VER-LOQK'ER, n. One who overlooks ; a superintend- 
ent 

CVER-LOOP, now written orlop, which see. 

0-VER-L6VE' (-luv / ), v. t. To love to excess ; to prize or 
value too much.— Hall. 

f O'VER-LY, a. [Sax. oferlice.] Careless ; negligent ; inat- 
tentive. — Hall. 

£-VER-Ly'ING, ppr. or a. Lying over. 

3-VER-MaST, v. t. To furnish with a mast or with masts 
that are too long or too heavy for the weight of keel. 

5-VER-MaSTED, pp. Having masts too long or too heavy 
for the ship.— Mar. Diet. 

SWER-MiS'TER v. t. To overpower ; to subdue ; to van- 
quish ; to govern ; to conquer. — Milton. 

a-VER-MATCH', v. t. To be too powerful for ; to conquer ; 
to subdue ; to oppress by superior force. 

8WER-MATCH. n. One superior in power; one able to 
overcome.— Milton. — D. Webster. 

0-VER-M ATCH ED' (-matchtf), pp. or a. Exceeded in power. 

cWER-MeAS'URE (6-ver-mezh'ur), v. t. To measure or 
estimate too largely. — Bacon. 

{VVER-MeAS'URE (6-ver-mezh'ur), n. Excess of measure ; 
something that exceeds the measure proposed. 

0-VER-MIX', v. t. To mix with too much.— Creech. 

5-VER-MOD'EST, a. Modest to excess ; bashfuL 

tVVER-MoST, a. Highest ; over the rest in authority. 

(S-VER-MUCH', a. Too much ; exceeding what is necessary 

or proper. — Locke. 
> VER-MUCH', adv. In too sreat a degree.— Hooker. 

6'VER-MUCH, n. More than sufficient.— Milton. 

f 5-VER-MUCH'NES3, n. Superabundance.— Ben Jonson. 

I 5-VER-MUL'TI-TUDE, v. t. To exceed in number. 

f <3-VER-NaME', v. t. To name over or in a series.— Shak. 

0-VER-NeAT', a. Excessively neat.— Spectator. 

S-VER-NlGHT* (-mte'), n. Night before bed-time.— Shak. 

d-VER-NOISE' (6-ver-noiz'), v. t. To overpower by noise. 

0-VER-OF-FEND'ED, a. Offended to excess.— Steele. 

f o-VER-OF'FiCE, v. t. To lord by virtue of an office — 
Shak. 

>VER-OF-Fl"CIOUS (-fish'us;, a. Too busy ; too ready to 
intermeddle ; too importunate. — Collier. 

J-VER-P1ID', pp. 1. Paid more than fe due. 2. Rewarded 
beyondmerit 

O-VER-PaINT, v. t. To color or describe too strongly. 

<>VER-PaSS', v. t. 1. To cross ; to go over. 2. To over- 
look ; to pass without regard. 3. To omit, as in reckon- 
ing. 4. To omit ; not to receive or include. 

5-VER-PaSSED', \ (6-ver-pastf), pp. Passed by; passed 

5-VER-PaST, 5 away; gone past— Shak. 

O-VER-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Passionate to excess. 

o-VER-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. With too much passion. 

3-VER-Pl'TIENT (-shent), a. Patient to excess. 

3-VER-PaY', v. t. 1. To pay too much or more than is due. 
2. To reward beyond the price or merit. — Prior. 

f o-VER-PEER', v. t. To overlook ; to hover over.— Shak. 

6-VER-PEOTLE, v. t. To overstock with inhabitants. 

0-VER-PeOTL£D, pp. or a. Overstocked with inhabitants. 

3-VER-PERCH', v. t. To perch over or above ; to fly over. 

0-VER-PER'EMP-TO-RY, a. Too peremptory. 

5-VER-PER-SUaDE', v. t. To persuade or influence against 
one's inclination or opinion. — Pope. 

5-VER-PER-SUaD'ED, pp. Influenced beyond one's inclin- 
ation or opinion. 

iWER-PIGTURE, v. t. To exceed the representation or 
picture. — Shak. 

(TVER-PLUS, n. [over, and L. plus.] Surplus ; that which 
remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed. 

O-VER-PLY', v. t. To ply to excess ; to exert with too much 
vigor. — Milton. 

0-VER.-POISE' (6-ver-poiz'), v. t. To outweigh.— Brown. 

<>'VER-POISE (6'ver-poiz), n. Preponderant weight. — Dry- 
den. 

5-VER-POLaSH, v. t. To polish too much.— Blackwall. 

tWER-PON'DER-OUS, a. Too heavy ; too depressing. 

0-VER-PoST', v. t. To hasten over quickly.— 5 hak. 

.1-VER-POW'ER v. t. 1. To affect with a power or force 
that can not be borne. 2. To bear down by force ; to re- 
duce to silence in action or submission. — Syn. To over- 
bear; overcome; vanquish; defeat; crush; overwhelm; 
overthrow; rout; conquer; subdue. 

u-VER-POWER-ED, pp. Vanquished by superior force. 

(VVER-POW'ER-ING, ppr. or c. Subduing ; reducing to 
submission. 

5-VER-POW'ER-ING-LY, adv. With superior force. 

S-VER-PRESS', v. t. 1. To bear upon with irresistible 
force; to crash; to overwhelm.— Swift. 2. To overcome 
by importunity. 



o-VER-PRlZE', v. t. To value or prize at too high a rate 
0-VER.-PROMPT'. a. Too prompt ; too ready or eager. 
O-VER-PROMPT'NESS, n. Excessive promptness; pre 

cipitation. 
O-VER-PRO-POR'TION, v. t. To make of too great propor 

tion. 
o-VER-QUl'ET-NESS, n. Too much quietness.— Brown. 
0-VER-RaKE', v. t. Applied to heavy seas which come 

over a vessel's head, when she is at anchor with her head 
_ to the sea. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

O-VER-RANK', a. Too rank or luxuriant— Mortimer. 
o-VER-RaTE', v. t. To rate at too much ; to estimate at a 
_ value or amount beyond the truth. — Drydcn. 
o-VER-RaT'ED, pp. Estimated at too high a rate. 
5-VER-RaTING, ppr. Placing too high a value on. 
O-VER-RE ACH', v. t. 1. To reach beyond in any direction . 

to rise above ; to extend beyond. 2. To deceive by arti- 
fice ; tocheat. 
5-VER-ReACH', v. i. Applied to horses, to strike the toe ot 
_ the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the fore foot 
o'VER-ReACH, n. The act of striking the heel of the fore 

foot with the toe of the hind foot. — Encyc. 
5-VER-ReACH'ER, n. One who overreaches; one who 

deceives. 
0-VER-Re ACH'ING, ppr. or a. Reaching beyond ; cheating. 
0-VER-ReACH'ING, ri. The act of deceiving ; a reaching 

too far. 
t_5-VER-READ', v. t. To read over ; to peruse.— Shak. 
o-VER-ReAD'I-LY, adv. With too much readiness. 
O-VER-RE AD'1-NESS, n. Excess of readiness. 
O-VER-READT, a. Too ready. 
t_o-VER-RED', v. t. To smear with a red coior. — Shan. 

D-VER-RTO'DJEN, }**• Ridden to excess " 

t o-VER-RiDE', v. t. 1. To ride over.— Chancer. 2. To ride 
too much ; to ride beyond the strength of the horse. 

o-VER-RlPE', a, Matured to excess. 

o-VER-RlP'.EN, v. t. To make too ripe.— Shak. 

o-VER-RoAST, v. t. To roast too much.— Shak. 

o-VER-RuLE', v. t. 1. To influence or control by predom 
inant power ; to subject to superior authority. 2. To 
govern with high authority. — 3. In law, to supersede cm 
reject. 

0-VER-RuL.ED', pp. 1. Influenced by predominant power 
2. Superseded or rejected. 

o-VER-RuL'ER, n. One who controls, directs, or governs. 

o-VER-RuLING, ppr. 1. Controlling ; subjecting to author- 

_ ity. 2. a. Exerting superior and controlling power. 

O-VER-RuL'LNG-LY, adv. With controlling power. 

O-VER-RUN', v. t. 1. To run or spread over; to grow over; 
to cover all over. 2. To march or rove over ; to harass 
by hostile incursions ; to ravage. 3. To outrun ; to run 
faster than another and leave him behind. 4. To over- 
spread with numbers. 5. To injure by treading down. — 
6. Among printers, to change the disposition of types, and; 
carry those of one line into another, either in correction: 
or in the contraction or extension of columns. 

5-VER-RUN', v. i. To overflow ; to run over. — Smith. 

O-VER-RUN', pp. Run or spread over ; grown over , in* 
jured by treading down. 

O-VER-RUNNER, n. One who overruns. 

o-VER-RUN'NING, ppr. or a. Spreading over; ravaging,. 
changing the disposition of types. 

o-VEE.-EUN'NING, n. The act of overflowing or running 
over. 

o-VER-SAT'U-Ra.TE, v. t. To saturate to excess. 

o-VER-SAT'U-Ra-TED, pp. More than saturated. 

o-VER-SAT'U-Ra-TING, ppr. Saturating to excess. 

o-VER-S€Ru'PU-LOUS, a. Scrupulous to excess. 

0-VER-S€RU-PU-LOS'I-TY, \n. Excess of scrupulous 

o-VER-SGRu'PU-LOUS-NESS, j ness. 

o-VER-SE A', a. Foreign ; from beyond sea. — Wilson. 

O-VER-SEE', r. t. 1. To superintend ; to overlook, imply- 
ing care. 2. To pass unheeded ; to omit ; to neglect; [obs.] 

O-VER-SEE'ING, ppr. Superintending; overlooking. 

0-VEE.-SEEN', pp. 1. Superintended. 2. Mistaken; do 
ceived. — Hooker ; [obs.] 

O-VEPl-SEER', n. 1. One who overlooks ; a superintend- 
ent : a supervisor. 2. An officer who hes the care of the 
poor or of an idiot, <fec. 

O-VER-SET, v. t. 1. To turn from the proper position or 
base ; to turn upon the side, or to turn bottom upward ; 
to upset 2. To subvert ; to overthrow. 3. To throw off 
the proper foundation.— Dry den. 

O-VER-SET, v. i. To turn or be turned over ; to turn or 
fall off the base or bottom. 

O-VER-SET'TING, ppr. Turning upon the side or bottom, 
upward; siibverting; overthrowing. 

O-VER-SHIDE', v. t." To cover with shade ; to cover with- 
any thing that causes darkness ; to render dark or gloomy* 

o-VER-SHAD'oW, v. t. 1. To throw a shadow over • to 
overshade. 2. To shelter ; to protect ; to cover with pro 
tecting influence. 



•DAVE —BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 1 Obsolete 
Yr 



OVE 



70b 



OVE 



sheltered ; pro- 
shade over 



O-VER-SHAD'oW-ED, pp. Overshaded ; 
tected. 

o-VER-SHAD'5W-ER, n. One who throws 
any thins;. — Bacon. 

C-VER-SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. or a. Throwing a shade over ; 
protectine; 

.•sVER-SHOOr, v. t. 1. To shoot beyond the mark.— Til- 
lotson. 2. To pass swiftly over. Harte.—To overshoot 
one's self, to venture too far ; to assert too much. 

5-VER-SHOOT, v. i. To fly beyond the mark.— Collier. 

O-VER-SHOT', pp. Shot beyond. 

O'VER-SHOT WHEEL', n. A wheel which is turned by 
water which shoots over or flows on to the top of it. 

O'VER-SIGHT (-site), n. 1. Watchful care.— 1 Pet., v. 2. 
An overlooking, or failing to notice. — Syn. Superintend- 
ence ; supervision ; inspection ; inadvertence ; inattention ; 
neglectj mistake; error; omission. 

0-VER-SlZE', v. t. 1. To surpass in bulk or size. — Sandys ; 
[little used.] 2. To cover with viscid matter. — Shak. 

O-VER-SKIP', v. t. 1. To skip or leap over ; to pass by leap- 
ing. 2. To pass over. 3. To escape. — Shak. 

o-VER-SLEEP', v. t. To sleep too long. 

O-VER-SLEPT', pp. Slept too long. 

O-VER-SLIP', v. t. To slip or pass without notice ; to pass 
undone, unnoticed, or unused ; to omit ; to neglect. 

O-VER-SLOW, v. t. To render slow ; to check ; to curb. — 
Hammond. [Not used.] 

0-VER-SN5W, v. t. To cover with snow.— Dryden. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

O-VER-SoLD', pp. Sold at too high a price.— Dryden. 

5-VER-SOON',_<i<fo. Too soon.— Sidney. 

o-VER-SOR'RoW, v. t. To grieve or afflict to excess. 

O-VER-SPAN', v. t. To reach or extend over. 

O-VER-SPeAK', v. t. To speak too much; to use too many 
words.— Hales. 

O-VER-SPENT, pp. Harassed or fatigued to an extreme 
degree. — Dryden. 

5-VER-SPReAD' (6-ver-spred / ), v. t. 1. To spread over ; to 
cover over. 2. To scatter over. 

O-VER-SPReAD' (6-ver-spred'), v. i. To be spread or scat- 
tered over. 

O-VER-STAND', v. t. To stand too much on price or con- 
ditions ; to lose a sale by holding the price too high. 

\ 0-VER-STaRE', v. t. To stare wildly.— Ascham. 

O-VER-STaTE', v. t. To exaggerate in statement ; to state 
in too strong terms. — D. Webster. 

«>VER-STEP', v. t. To step over or beyond ; to exceed. — 
Shak. 

©-VER-STEPP.ED' (-stepf), pp. Exceeded, or stepped be- 
yond proper bounds. 

5-VER-STOCK', n. Superabundance ; more than is suffi- 
cient. 

5-VER-STOCK', v. t. 1. To fill too full ; to crowd ; to sup- 
ply with more than is wanted. 2. To furnish with more 
cattle than are wanted. 3. To supply with more seed 
than is wanted. 

o-VER-STOCKED (-stokf), pp. or a. Filled too full ; 
crowded ; furnished with more cattle than are wanted, as 
a farm. 

5-VER-SToRE', v. t. To store with tco much ; to supply 
or fill with superabundance.— Hale. 

o'VER-STo-RY, n. The clear-etory, or upper story .—Glos. 
of Arch. 

O-VER-STRIIN', v. i. To strain to excess ; to make too 
violent efforts. — Dryden. 

o-VER-STRIIN', v. t. To stretch too far.— Ayliffe. 

S-VER-STrIw! } v - U To s P read or sc atter over.— Shak. 

O-VER-STRTKE', v. t. To strike beyond.— Spenser. 

5-VER-STRoWN', pp. Spread or scattered over.— Barlow. 

0-VER-STUFF.ED' (-stuff), a. Stuffed to excess. 

O-VER-SUP-PLY', v. t. To furnish more than is sufficient. 

O-VER-SW ARMING, a. Swarming to excess. 

O-VER-SWaY', v. t. To overrule ; to bear down ; to con- 
trol. — Hooker. 

O-VER-SWELL', v. t. To swell or rise above ; to overflow. 

5-VER-SWELL.ED', pp. Swelled to excess. 

B'VERT, a. [Fr. ouvert.] Open to view ; not hidden ; pub- 
he ; apparent ; as, an overt act. — Blackstone. 

5-VER-TXKE', v. t. 1. To come up with in a course, pur- 
suit, progress, or motion ; to catch. 2. To come upon ; 
to fall on afterward. 3. To take by surprise. 

o-VER-TaK'EN, pp. Come up with in pursuit; caught; 
taken by surprise. 

5-VER-TASK', v. t. To impose too heavy a task or injunc- 
tion on. — Harvey. 

C-VER-T ASKED' (-tasktO, pp. or a. Tasked too heavily. 

5-VER-TAX', v. t. To tax too heavily. 

i8-VER-Te'D1-OUS, a. Too slow ; too tedious.— Donne. 

C-VER-THRoW, v. t. 1. To turn upside down.— Taylor. 
2. To throw down. 3. To bring to destruction, as the 
government of a state. 4. To be victorious over, as a foe. 
— Syn. To overturn ; prostrate ; demolish ; destroy ; ruin ; 



subvert ; overcome ; conquer ; defeat ; discomfit ; van- 
quish; beat ; rout. 

5'VER-THRoW, n. 1. The state of being overturned or 
turned off the base. 2. Ruin ; destruction. 3. Defeat ; 
discomfiture ; rout. 4. Degradation ; downfall. 

0-VER-THRoW'ER, n. One who overthrows, defeats, ot 

_ destroys. 

o-VER-THRoW'ING, ppr. Turning upside down ; throw- 

_ ing down ; ruining ; subverting. 

0-VER-THRoWN', pp. Turned upside down ; demolished ; 
defeated. 

5-VER-THWART', a. 1. Opposite ; being over the way or 
street. 2. Crossing at right angles. 3. Cross ; perverse ; 
adverse ; contradictious. 

O-VER-THWART', prep. Across ; from side to side. 

O-VER-THWARTLY, adv. 1. Across ; transversely.— 
Peacham. 2. Perversely. 

O-VER-THWARTNESS, n. 1. The state of being athwart 

_ or lying across. 2. Perverseness ; pervicacity. 

o-VER-TlRE', v. t. To tire to excess ; to subdue by fa- 

_ tigue.— Milton. 

o-VER-Tl'TLE, v. t. To give too high a title to.— Fuller. 

o'VERT-LY, adv. Openly ; in open view ; publicly. 

O-VER-TOOK', prct. of overtake. 

O-VER-TOP', v. t. 1. To rise above the top. 2. To excel ; 
to surpass. 3. To obscure ; to make of less importance 
by superior excellence. 

O-VER-TOPPED' (-toptf), pp. Risen above the top; ex- 
celled; obscured. 

o-VER-TOWER, v. t. To soar too high.— Fuller. 

O-VER-TRaDE', v. i. To trade beyond capital, or to pur- 
chase goods beyond the means of payment, or beyond the 

_ wants of the community. 

0-VER-TRaD'ING, ppr. Trading to excess, beyond capital 
or the public wants. 

5-VER-TRaD'ING, n. The act or practice of buying goods 
beyond the means of payment, or beyond the wants of 
the community. 

O-VER-TRIP', v. t. To trip over ; to walk nimbly over. 

o-VER-TRUST, v. t. To trust with too much confidence. 

O'VER-TURE, n. [Fr. ouvei-ture.] 1. Opening ; disclosure , 
discovery ; [little used.] 2. Proposal ; something offered 
for consideration, acceptance, or rejection. 3. A kind of 
musical prologue, or composition for a full instrumental 
band, introductory to an oratorio, opera, or ballet. — P. Cyc, 

O'VER-TURE, v. t. In the Presbyterian Church, to lay be- 
fore an ecclesiastical body an overture or subject for con- 

_ sideration. 

O-VER-TURN', v. t. 1. To overset ; to turn or throw from 
a base or foundation. 2. To subvert ; to ruin ; to destroy"; 

_ to overthrow. 3. To overpower ; to conquer. 

o'VER-TURN, n. State of being overturned or subverted ; 
overthrow. 

o-VER-TURN'A-BLE, a. That may be overturned. [Rare.] 

o-VER-TURNED' (6-ver-turnd'), pp. Overset; overthrown. 

O-VER-TURN'ER, n. One who overturns or subverts.— 
Swift. 

O-VER-TURN'ING, ppr. Oversetting ; overthrowing ; sub- 
verting. 

O-VER-TURN'ING, n. An oversetting ; subversion ; change ; 
revolution. 

5-VER-VEIL'' } v - fc To cover ; to s P read over.— Shak. 

O-VER- VAI/UE, v. t. To rate at too high a price. 

O-VER- VALUED, pp. Placed too high a value on. 

o-VER-VAL'U-ING, ppr. Valuing too highly. 

0-VER-VoTE', v. t. To outvote ; to outnumber in votes 
given. — King Charles. 

O-VER- WATCH' (-woch'), v. I. To watch to excess ; to sub- 
due by long want of rest. — Dryden. 

5-VER-WATCH.ED' (o-ver-wochtT), pp. or a. Tired by too 

_ much watching. — Sidney. 

0-VER-WeAK', a. Too weak ; too feeble.— Raleigh. 

5-VER-WeA'RY, v. t. To subdue with fatigue. 

O-VER-WEATH'ER (6-ver-wefli'er), v. t. To bruise or bat 
ter by violence of weather. 

O-VER-WEEN', v. i. 1. To think too highly ; to think arro- 
gantly or conceitedly. 2. To reach beyond the truth in 
thought ; to think too favorably. 

O-VER- WEENING, ppr. 1. Thinking too highly or con- 
ceitedly. 2. a. That thinks too highly, particularly of 
one's self; conceited; vain. 

5-VER-WEEN'ING-LY, adv. With too much vanity or 
conceit. 

O-VER- WEIGH' (-waO, v. t. To exceed in weight ; to cause 
to preponderate ; to outweigh ; to overbalance. 

O'VER-WEIGHT (-wate), n. Greater weight ; preponder- 
ance. 

O'VER-WHELM, n. The act of overwhelming.— Young. 

O-VER-WHELM', v. t. 1. To overspread or crush beneath 
something violent and weighty, that covers or encom 
passes the whole. 2. To immerse and bear down ; [in a 
figurative sense.] 3. To overlook gloomily.— Shak. 4. To 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, 1 , <fec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE. BiRD , ,-MO VE. BOOK 



OWL 



7U7 



OXY 



pat over ; [obs.] — Syn. To whelm ; submerge ; sink ; 
drown ; overbear ; overpower ; overcome ; subdue. 

5-VER-WHELMjED', pp. Crushed with weight or num. 
bers. 

5-VER- WHELM'ING, ppr. or a. Crushing with weight or 
numbers. 

O-VER-WHELMTNG-LY, adv. In a manner to overwhelm. 

5-VER- WING, v. t. To outflank; to extend beyond the 
wing of an army. — Milton. 

5-VER- WiSE', a. Wise to affectation.— Eccles. 

5-VER- WiSE'NESS, n. Pretended or affected wisdom. 

B-VER-W6RD' (-wurd'), v. t: To say too much. 

5-VER-W6RK' (-mirk), v. t. To work beyond the strength , 
to cause to labor too much ; to tire. — South. 

5-VER- W6RK£D' (-wurkf), pp. or a. Worked beyond 
strength. 

5-VER-W6RKTNG, ppr. Working to excess. 

O-VER-WoRN', a. 1. Worn out ; subdued by toil.— Dryden. 
2. Spoiled by time. — Skak. 

5-VER- WRESTLE (6-ver-resl), v. t. To subdue by wres- 
tling. — Spenser. 

O-VER- WROUGHT (6-ver-rawr/), pp. or a. 1. Labored to 
excess. — Dryden. 2. Worked all over. — Pope. 

\ O-VER-YeARED' (o-ver-yeerdO, a. Too old.— Fairfax. 

0-VER-ZeAL£D' (o-ver-zeeW), a. Too much excited with 
zeal ; ruled by too much zeal. — Fuller. 

0-VER-ZeAL'OUS (5-ver-zel'us), a. Too zealous ; eager to 
excess. — Locke. 

o-VICU-LAR a. [L. ovum.] Pertaining to an egg. 

O-VID'I-AN, a. Belonging to or resembling the Latin poet 
Ovid. 

!VVI-DU€T, n. [L. ovum and ductus.] In animals, a passage 
for the ovum or egg from the ovary to the womb, or to 
an external outlet. ■ 

O-VTF'ER-OUS, > a. [L. ovum and fero, or gero.] In zoology, 

6-VlG'ER-OUS, ) a term applied to certain receptacles, in 
which the eggs are received, after having been excluded 
from the formative organs. — Brande. 

D'VI-FORM, a. [L. ovum and forma.] Having the form or 
figure of an egg. 

o'VINE, a. [L. ovinus.] Pertaining to sheep ; consisting of 
sheep. 

>VIP A-ROU5, a. [L. ovum and pario.] Producing eggs, or 
producing young from eggs, which are developed after 
exclusion from the body. " 

0-VI-POS'IT, v. t. A term applied to the act of insects, &c, 
in depositing their eegs. 

>VI-PO-SrTlON, \ tzT [L. ovum and positxo.] The laying 

O-VI-POS'IT-ING, 5 or depositing of egss.—Kirby. 

0-VI-POSTT-OR n. [L. ovum and positor.] The organ of 
certain insects by which eggs are deposited. 

O'VI-SAC, n. [L. ovum and saccus.] The cavity in the ovary 
which immediately contains the ess or o'^unx — Brande. 

OVOID, \ a. [L. ovum, and Gr. siTog.] 1- Having a shape 

O-VOID'AL. 5 resembling that of a* egg.— 2. In botany, 
terete and swelling toward the b^e, or with the outline 
of an egg. 

■TVO-LOT n. In architecture, a round molding, the quarter 
of a circle : called, also, the quarter round. 

O-VO-VI-VIP'AR-OUS, a. \1. ovum, vivo, and pario.] A mode 
of generation by the exclusion of a living fetus from an 
egg-covering, as in fte marsupial animals. — Brande. 

OVULE, ) n. [frr*n L. ovum.] In botany, a body borne 

oVTJ-LUM, 3 by the placenta of a plant, and destined to 
become a see^- — Lindley. 

O'VU-LITE, n. A fossil egg. 

O'VUM, n. i pi- Ova. [L. an egg.] 1. In anatomy, the body 
formed by the female, in which, after impregnation, the 
development of the fetus takes place. — 2. In architecture, a 
te'-m applied to ornaments in the shape of an egg, into 
which the echinus or ovolo is often carved. — Gwilt.~ 

6WE (6), v. t. ; a regular verb ; pret. and pp. owed. [Sax. 
agan ; Goth, aigan ; Sw. aga ; Ice. eg.] 1. To be indebted ; 
to be obliged or bound to pay. 2. To be obliged to ascribe 
to ; to be "obliged for. 3. To possess ; to have ; to be the 
owner of. — Shak. [This is the original sense, but now ob- 
solete. In place of it, we use own, from the participle. See 
Own.] 4. To be due or owing. — Pope; [obs.] 

OWE, v. i. To be bound or obliged — Bishop Fisher. 

OW'EL-TY, n. The difference which is paid or secured by 
one coparcener to another for the purpose of equalizing a 
partition. — Bouvier. 

5WING, ppr. [This is used in a passive form, contrary to 
analogy, for oven or owed.] 1. Due ; that moral obliga- 
tion requires to be paid. 2. Consequential ; ascribable to, 
as the cause. 3. Imputable to, as an agent 

OWL, n. [Sax. ula, vie; D. uil.] A well-known bird of the 
genus strix, that flies chiefly in the night, and is distin- 
guished for its hooting. 
OWL'-LTGHT, n. Glimmering or imperfect light 
OWL'-LIKE, a. Like an owl in look and habits. 
OWL'ER, n. One who conveys contraband goods. 
OWL'ET, n. [Ft. hulotte.] An owl, which see. 



OWL'ING, n. The ofl'ense of transporting wool or sheep 
out of England contrary to t T ie statute. — Blackstone. 

OWL'ISH a. Resembling an owl.— Gray. 

OWN, a. [Sax. agen ; Sw., Dan. egen ; D., G. ei gen ; the 
participle of Sax. agan.] 1. Belonging to ; possessed ; 
peculiar ; usually expressing property with emphasis, or 
in express exclusion of others. It follows my, our, your, 
his, their, thy, her. 2. Own often follows a verb ; as, the 
book is not my own, that is, my own book. 3. It is used as 
a substitute ; as, " that they may dwell in a place of their 
oicn." — 2 Sam., vii. 4. "He came to his own, and his own 
received him not" that is, his own nation or people. 

OWN, v. t. [from the adjective.] 1. To have the legal or 
rightful title to ; to have the exclusive right of possession 
and use. 2. To have the legal right to, without the ex- 
clusive right to use. 3. To acknowledge to belong to ; to 
avow or admit that the property belongs to. 4. To avow , 
to confess, as a fault crime, or other act ; that is, to ac- 
knowledge that one has done the act — 5. In general, to 
acknowledge ; to confess ; to avow ; to admit to be true ; 

_ not to deny. 

OWN.ED, pp. 1. The legal title being vested in ; as, the 
farm is owned by him. 2. Acknowledged ; avowed; con- 
fessed. 

oWN'ER n. The rightful proprietor ; one who has the 

_ legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not 

oWN'ER-SHIP, 77. Property ; proprietorship ; exclusive 
right of possession ; legal or just claim or title. 

OWNING, ppr. 1. Having the legal or just title to. 2. Ac- 
knowledging ; avowing ; confessing. 

t OWRE (our), n. [L. urus.] A beast not accurately known, 
larger than a buffalo. — Smart. 

OWSE. n. Bark of oak beaten or ground to small pieces. 

OW'SER n. Bark and water mixed in a tan-pit. 

OX, n. ; pi. Oxen (ox'n). [Sax. oxa ; G. ochs, ochse ; D. os ; 
Sw., Dan. oxe.] The male of the bovine genus of quadru- 
peds, castrated, and grown to his size, or nearly so. 

OX'-BoW, 72. A curved piece of wood encircling an ox's 
neck when yoked. 

OX'-EYE (-1), n. [ox and eye.] A name of several under- 
shrubs or herbs of the genera buphthalmum and anthemis. 
— The ox-eye daisy is an herb of the genus chrysanthemum, 

OX'-Ef ED (-Ide), d. Having large, full eyes, like those of 
an ox. 

OX'-FLY, n. A fly hatched under the skin of cattle. 

OX'-HeAL, tz, A plant bear's-foot, setterwort, or stinking 
hellebore. 

OX'A-LATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by a combina- 
tion of the oxalic acid with a base. 

OX-AL'I€, a. [Gr. o^At?.] Pertaining to sorrel ; as, oxalic 
acid, which is composed of two equivalents of carbon and 
three of oxygen, and is commonly manufactured by the 
action of nitric acid upon saccharine and farinaceous sub- 
stances. 

OX'BaNE, 7i. A plant buphonos. — Ainsworth. 

OX'GANG, 72. [ox and gang.] In ancient laws, as much land 
as an ox can plow in a year. 

OX-I-ODTG, a. Pertaining to or consisting of a compound 
of oxygen and iodine. — Webster's Manual. 

OX'LiKE, a. [ox and like.] Resembling an ox. — Sandys. 

OX'LIP, n. A plant the primula elatior. 

OX'STALL, 72. A stall or stand for oxen. 

OX'TER, 72. [Sax. oxtan.] The armpit. 

OXT6NGUE (ox'tung), 72. A plant of the genu3 picris. 

OX'Y-CRaTE, 72. [Gf. o\vs and Kepau.] A mixture of water 
and vinegar. — Wiseman. [Little used.] 

OX'YD, 72. [Gr. olvS-] In chemistry, a compound of oxygen 
and a base destitute of acid and salifying properties. 

OX- YD-A-BIL'I-TY, 72. The capacity of being converted into 
an oxyd. — Med. Repos. 

OXY"D-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into an oxyd. 

OX'YD- aTE, v. t. To convert into an oxyd. 

OXTD-A-TED. pp. or a. Converted into an oxyd. 

OXYD-a-TKnG, ppr. or a. Converting into an oxyd. 

OX-YD-a'TION, ?2. The operation or process of converting 
into an oxyd. — Lavoisier. 

OXTD-A-TOR 72. A contrivance for causing the external 
current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand 
lamp._ 

OXTD-iZE, v. t. To oxydate, which see. 

OXTD-lZ-ED, pp. or a. Oxvdated. 

OXTD-lZE-MENT, 72. Oxydation. 

OX'YD-lZ-ING ppr. or a. Oxydating. 

OXT-GEN, 72. [Gr. olvi and yevvau.] In chemistry, an elec- 
tro-nesative, basifying, and acidifying elementary princi- 
ple. It is the vital part of the atmosphere, and the support- 
er of ordinary combustion. It is also the principal com- 
ponent part of water. It was named from its property 
of generating acids. 
OXY-<JEN-aTE, v. t. To unite or cause to combine with 

oxygen. 
OXY-6EN-A-TED. pp. or a. United with oxygen. 
OXY-GEN-i-TING. ppr. Uniting with oxygen. 



D6VE ;— BULL UNITE - A.N"GER, Vl"CICUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SF TH as in tHs t Obsoi»t,: 



PAC 



708 



PAC 



Having an acute sound, 
-Smart. 



OX-Y-dEN-I'TION, n. The act, operation, or process of 

combining with oxygen. 
OXY-6EN-IZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being oxygenized. 
OX'Y-GEN-iZE, v. t. To oxygenate, which see. 
OX'Y-6EN-lZ£D, pp. or a. Oxygenated. 
OX'Y-GEN-IZE-MENT, n. Oxygenation. 
OX'Y-GEN-lZ-ING, ppr. Oxygenating. 
OX-Y(VEN-OUS, a. Pertaining to oxygen, or obtained from it. 
OX'Y-GON, n. [Gr. o£v£ and yuvia.] A triangle having three 

acute angles. — Brands. 
OX-YG'ON-AL, ? tt • * , D , 

OX-Y-Go'NI-AL X a ' Havin g acute angles. — Barlow. 
OX-Y-H?'DRO-GEN, a. A term applied to a certain kind of 

blowpipe, in which oxygen and hydrogen gases are burned 

together in order to produce an intense heat ; also, to a 

kindof microscope. 
QX-Y-I'O-DiNE, n. In chemistry, a compound of the chlo- 

riodic and oxiodic acids. — Davy. 
OX'Y-MEL, n. [Gr. o$vf and ueXi.] A mixture of vinegar 

and honey. — Arbuthnot. 
OX-Y-Mo'RON, n. [Gr. olvfxuipov.] A rhetorical figure, in 

which an epithet of a quite contrary signification is added 

to a word ; as, cruel kindness. 
OX-Y-Mu'RI-ATE, n. Chlorid. 
OX-Y-MU-RI-ATIG, a. [Gr. otys, and L. muria.] An epithet 

given to an acid, now called chlorine. 
OX-Y-PRuS'SIG ACID, n. An exploded name for the pro- 

tochlorid of cyanogen. 
OX-YR'RHO-DiNE, n, [Gr. o\vs and pobov.] A mixture of 

two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses. 
OX'Y-SALT, \n. In chemistry, a compound of an acid and 
OX'Y-SEL, > a base, both of which contain oxygen. — 

Silliman. 
OX'Y-ToNE, a. [Gr. ^$ and to vos.] Havin 

or an acute accent on the last syllable. — 
OX'Y-ToNE, n. An acute sound. 
O'YER, n. [Norm, oyer.] 1. In law, a hearing or trial of 

causes. A court of oyer and terminer is constituted by a 

commission to inquire, hear, and determine all treasons, 

felonies, and misdemeanors. 2. The hearing, as of a writ, 

bond, note, or other specialty. 
« OYEZ, [Fr. oyez.] This word is used by the sheriff or his 

substitute in making proclamation in court, requiring si- 
lence and attention. It is thrice repeated, and commonly 

pronounced, O yes. 
OY'LET-HoLE. See Eyelet-hole. 
OYSTER, n. [G. auster ; D. oester ; Sw. ostra; Dan. Oster.] 

A bivalvular testaceous animal, much esteemed for food. 
OYSTER-PLANT, n. Salsify, a plant of the genus tra- 

gopogon ; so called from its taste when cooked. 
OYSTER-SHELL, n. The hard covering or shell of the 

oyster. 
OYSTER-WENCH, ) n. A woman whose occupation is 
OYSTER- WlFE, > to sell oysters ; a low woman.— 
OYSTER-W5M-AN, ) Shak. 
OZ. An abbreviation used for ounce or ounces. 
O-ZE'NA, n. [Gr. o^aiva.] A fetid ulcer in the nostril. 
OZ'O-CENTE, n. A fossil wax. 
O-ZO-Ce'RiTE, n. A mineral like resinous wax, which is 

sometimes made into candles. — Dana. 



Pis the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, and a la- 
bial articulation formed by a close compression of the 
anterior part of the lips, as in ep. It is convertible into b 
and /, sometimes into v, and, in Greek, into <p. In some 
words which we have borrowed from the Greek, p is mute, 
as in psalm, ptisan ; but is not silent in English words, un- 
less it may be in receipt, and a few irregular words. P, 
aspirated or followed by h, represents the Greek <p, which 
answers to the English/, as in philosophy. 

P. M- stands for post meridiem, afternoon. 

As a numeral, F^like G, stands for one hundred, and with a 
dash over it, P, for four hundred thousand. 

\ Pa' AGE, n. [Norm, paage.) A toll for passage over anoth- 
er person's grounds. — Burke. 

PAB'U-LAR, a. [L. pabulum.) Pertaining to food ; afford- 
ing food or aliment 

PAB-U-La'TION, n. [L. pabulatio.] The act of feeding or 
procuring provender. — Cockeram. 

PAB1J-L0US, a. [L. pabulum.] Affording aliment or food ; 
alimental. — Brown. 

PAB'U-LUM, n. [L.] 1. Food ; aliment ; that which feeds. 
2. Fuel ; that which supplies the means of combustion. 

Pa'€A, n. A small animal of South America, allied to the 
agouti, Guinea-pig, &c. 

PA-CANE', n. A species of hickory. See Pecan. 

f PI'CATE, a. [L. pacatus.] Peaceful ; tranquil. 

PA'Ca-TED, a. Appeased.— Bailey. [Little used.] 

PA-€a'TION, n. [L. paco.) The act of appeasing. 



PICE, n. [Fr. pas ; It. passo ; Sp. paso , L. passus.' I. a 
step. 2. The space between the two f :et in walking, es- 
timated at two feet and a half — A geometrical pace, era 
braces two steps, or five feet. 3. Manner of walking ; 
gait. 4. Step ; gradation in business. — Temple ; [littli 
used.] 5. A mode of stepping among horses, in which the 
legs on the same side are lifted togetl er. 6. Degree of 
celerity. — To keep or hold pace, to keep uj> • to go or move 
as fast as something else. 
PaCE, v. i. 1. To go ; to walk ; to move. — Shak. 2. To gc 
move, or walk 6lowly. 3. To move by lifting the legs oi 
the same side together, as a horse. 
PaCE, v. t. I. To measure by steps. 2. To regulate in 

motion. 
PaCED (past), a. 1. Having a particular gait ; [used chiejh 

in composition.] — 2. In composition, going all lengths. 
PI'CER, n. One who paces ; a horse that paces. 
PA-CHA'. [Fr.] SeePASHAW. 
PA-cHAL'I€ (pa-shawl'ik), a. Pertaining to the government 

of a pacha. See Pashawlic. 
PACH-Y-D ACTYL, n. [Gr. mixvS > thick, and <WuAos, a toe. ] 

A bird or other animal having thick toes. — ■Hitchcock. 
PACH'Y-DERM, n. [Gr. rcaxvi, thick, and hpjxa, skin.] A 

non-ruminant hoofed animal. 
PA€H-Y-DERM'A-TA. n. pi. In zoology, an order of mam- 
mals which have hoofs, but do not ruminate, distinguished 
for the thickness of their skins, as the horse, hog, ele- 
phant, <fec. 
PA€H-Y-DERM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to a pachyderm, or 

to the order pachydermata. 
PA-CIF'I€, a. [L. pacijicus.] 1. Suited to make or restore 
peace ; adapted to reconcile differences. 2. In a state of 
tranquillity.— Syn. Peace-making; appeasing; mild; gen- 
tle; conciliatory; tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful; peace- 
able. 
PA-C1F'I€, n. The appellation given to the ocean situated 
between America on the east and Asia ; so called on ac- 
count of its exemption from violent tempests. 
PA-CIF-IC-A'TION, n. [L. pacificatio.) 1. The act of making 
peace between nations or parties at variance. 2. The act 
of appeasing or pacifying wrath. 
PA-CIF'IC-A-TOR, n. [L.] A peace-maker; one who re- 
stores amity between contending parties or nations. 
PA-CIF'IC-A-TO-RY, a. Tending to make peace ; concilia 

tory. — Barrow. 
PACI-Fl-ED (pas'e-f ide), pp. Appeased ; tranquilized. 
PACI-Fl-ER, n. One who pacifies. 

P ACI-Fy, v. t. [Fr. pacifier ; L. pacifico.] 1. To appease, ae 
wrath or other violent passion or appetite ; to calm ; to 
still ; to quiet ; to soothe ; to allay agitation or excitement 
2. To restore peace to ; to tranquilize. 
PACI-FY-ING, ppr. Appeasing; tranquilizing. 
PaCTNG, ppr. or a. Measuring by steps ; ambling, as a horse 
PACK, n. [D. pak ; G., Sw. pack.] 1. A bundle of any thing 
inclosed in a cover or bound fast with cords ; a bale. — A 
pack of wool is a horso-load, or 240 pounds.— Smart. 2. A 
burden or load ; as, a p*ck of troubles.— Ainsworth. 3. A 
number of cards, or the n amber used in games ; so called 
from being inclosed togethei 4. A number of hounds or 
dogs, hunting or kept togethei, that is, a crowd or assem- 
blage united. 5. A number of persons united in a bad 
design or practice. 6. A great numv, e r crowded together ; 
[obs.] 7. [Sax. paean.] A loose or le vd person ; one who 
deceives by false appearances ; [obs.] 
PACK, v. t. [D. pakken ; G. packen.] 1. To place and press 
together ; to place in close order. 2. To put together and 
bind fast. 3. To put in close order with salt intermixed, 
as pork. 4. To send off in haste. 5. To put together, as 
cards, in such a manner as to secure the game ; to put to- 
gether in sorts with a fraudulent design, as cards ; honce, 
to unite persons iniquitously, with a view to some private 
interest. — To pack a jury, is to bring together, as jurors, 
persons who are likely to favor unduly one of the parties 
in a cause. 
PACK, v. i. 1. To be pressed or close. 2. To close ; to shut. 
3. To depart in haste : with off. 4. To unite in bad meas- 
ures ; to confederate for ill purposes ; to join in collusion. 
PACK'-CLOTH, n. A cloth for packing goods, or in which 

they are tied. 
PACK'-HORSE, n. I. A horse employed in carrying packs, 

or goods and baggage. 2. A beast of burden. 
PACK'-MAN, n. A peddler ; one who carries a pack on hi« 

back. 
PACK'-SAD-DLE, n. A saddle on which packs or burden? 

are laid for conveyance. 
PACK-STAFF, n. A staff on which a traveler occasionally 

supports his pack. — Bishop Hall. 
PACK'-THRSAD (-thred), n. Strong thread or twine used 

in tying up parcels. 
PACK'-WAX, n. A large tendon or cartilage in the neck ol 

an animal.— Ray. Called, also, pax-wax. 
PACK'AGE, n. 1. A bundle or bale ; a quantity pressed or 
bound together. 2. A charge made for packing goods. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.-l, % i, Sec., short FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PRE Y ;-MA R1NE. BIRD ; -MOVE. BOOK, 



PAD 



709 



PA1 



PACKJED (pakt), pp. or a. Put together and pressed ; tied 
or bound in a bundle ; put down and salted, as meat ; sent 
oft'; united iniquitously. 

PACKER, n. One who packs ; an officer appointed to pack 
moat, as beef, pork, fish, &c. [Stat, of Conn.] 

PACKET, n. [Fr. paquet.] 1. A small pack or package ; a 
little bundle or parcel. 2. A dispatch-vessel ; a ship or 
other vessel employed by government to convey letters 
from country to country, or from port to port. 3. A ves- 
sel employed in conveying dispatches and passengers 
from place to place, or to carry passengers and goods 
coastwise; [United States.] 

PACKET, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch-vessel. 
[United States.] 

PACK'ET-BoAT. See Packet. 

PACK'ET-SHIP, n. A ship that sails regularly between 
distant countries for the conveyance of dispatches, letters, 
passengers, &c. 

PACK'FONG, n. The Chinese name of the alloy commonly 
called German silver. — Brande. 

PACKING, ppr. Laying together in close order ; binding in 
a bundle ; putting in barrels with salt, &c. ; uniting, as 
men for a fraudulent purpose. — To send packing, is to 
bundle a person off, or to dismiss him without ceremony. 

PACKING, n. 1. Any material used in packing or making 
close, as the substance around the piston of a pump or 
other tube, to make it water or air tight. 2. A trick ; col- 
lusion ; [obs.] 

Pa'CO, ) n. 1. The Peruvian sheep or alpaca, a kind of 

Pa'COS, J lama, having long, soft, and delicate wool. [See 
Alpaca.] 2. The Peruvian name of an ore, consisting of 
brown oxyd of iron with minute particles of silver.— Ure. 

PACT, n. [Fr. ; L. pactum.] A contract ; an agreement or 
covenant. — Bacon . 

PACTION, n. [L. pactio.] An agreement or contract. 

PACTIONAL, a. By way of agreement. — Sanderson. 

PAG-Tl"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Settled by agreement or stip- 
ulation. 

PAC-To'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Pactolus, a river in Lydia, 
famous for its golden sands. 

PAD, n. [Sax. paad.] 1. A foot-path ; a road ; [obs.] 2. An 
easy-paced horse. 3. A robber who infests the road on 
foot; usually called a foot-pad. 

PAD, n. 1. Any thing flattened or laid flat ; as, a pad of 
straw. — Rich. Diet. 2. A soft saddle, cushion, or bolster 
stuffed with straw, hair, or other soft substance. — Camden. 

PAD, v. t. 1. To stuff or furnish with padding. 2. To im- 
bue cloth equably with a mordant.— Ure. 

PAD, v. i. [Gr. -nareu).] 1. To travel slowly. 2. To rob on 
foot. 3. To beat a way smooth and level. 

PAD'AR, n. Grouts ; coarse flour or meal. — Wotton. 

PAD'DED, pp or a. Stufl'ed with a soft substance. 

PAD'DER, n. A robber on foot ; a highwayman. 

PADDING, n. 1. In calicoprinting, the impregnation of 
cloth with a mordant. — Brande. 2. The stuffing of a coat, 
saddle, &c. ; the material used in stuffing coats, &c. 

PAD'DLE, v. i. 1. To row ; to beat the water, as with oars. 
2. To play in the water with the hands, as children ; or 
with the feet, as fowls or other animals. 3. To finger. — 
Shak. 

PAD'DLE, v. t. To propel by an oar or paddle. 

PAD'DLE, n. LA broad, but short oar, used in impelling 
light boats. 2. The blade or broad part of an oar or 
weapon. 3. A term applied to the broad boards at the 
circumference of a water-wheel. 4. A name sometimes 
given to the feet of tortoises, crocodiles, &c. 

PAD'DLE-BOX, n. A term applied to the wooden projec- 
tions on each side of a steam-boat, within which are the 
paddle-wheels. 

PAD'DLE-STaFF, n. A staff headed with broad iron, used 
by plowmen to free the share from earth, stubble, &c. 

PAD'DLE-WHEEL, n. A water-wheel used in propelling 
steam-boats. 

i»AD'DLJSD, pp. Propelled by an oar or paddle. 

PAD'DLER, n. One who paddles. 

MD'DOCK, ii. [Sax. pada.] A large toad or frog. 

PAD'DOCK, n. [said to be corrupted from Sax. parruc.] 1. 
A small inclosure under pasture, immediately adjoining 
the stable3 of a domain. Brande. — 2. Formerly, an inclos- 
ure for races with hounds, &c. 3. A toad. — Spenser; 
[obs.] 

PAD'DOCK-PIPE, n. A plant, equisetum palustre. — Booth. 
PAD'DOCK-STOOL, n. A plant of the genus agaricus; a 

mushroom ; vulgarly, toad-stool. 
PAD'DY, n. 1. A cant word for an Irishman. — 2. In the East 

Indies, rice not divested of the husk. — Malcom. 
PAD-E-Ll'ON, ra. [Fr. pas de Hon.] An herb, lion's-foot. 
VA-D'i'SHA, n. A title of the Turkish sultan and Persian 

shah, denoting protector or throne prince. — Brande. 
pAD'LOCK, n. [qu. D. paddle, a toad, from its shape.] A 

lock to be hung on a staple and held by a link.— Prior. 
PAD'LOCK. v. t. To fasten with a padlock ; to stop ; to 
shut; to confine. — Milton. 



PAD'NAG, n. An ambling nag. — Dr. Pope 

PAD'oW-PlPE, ii. A plant. See Paddock pipe. 

Pa'DRA, n. A kind of black tea of superior quality. 

PAD-U-A-SOY', 11. [from Padua, in Italy, and Fr. soie, silk. \ 
A particular kind of silk stuff. 

PjEAN, > n. [Gr. naiav.] Among the ancients, a song of re- 

PeAN, > joicing in honor of Apollo ; hence, a loud and 
joyous song ; a song of triumph. — Pope. 

P^E'ON, n. [Gr. iraiwv.] In ancient poetry, a foot of four syl- 
lables, of which three are short and one long ; written, 
also, though less correctly, paan. 

Pa'GAN, n. [L. paganus.] Literally, a villager. As the in- 
habitants of the villages in the Roman Empire continued 
heathen after those in the cities had embraced Christian- 
ity, hence, a heathen ; a Gentile ; an idolater ; one who 
worships false gods. 

Pa'GAN, a. 1. Heathen ; heathenish ; Gentile ; noting a per- 
son who worships false gods. 2. Pertaining to the wor- 
ship of false gods. 

PI'GAN-ISH, a. [Sax. paganise] Heathenish ; pertaining 
to pagans. — King. 

Pa'GAN-ISM, n. [Fr. paganisme.] Heathenism ; the wor- 
ship of false gods, or the system of religious opinions and 
worship maintained by pagans. 

Pa'GAN-iZE, v. t. To render heathenish ; to convert to 
heathenism. — Ch. Ob. 

Pa'GAN-iZE, v. i. To behave like pagans.— Milton. 

Pa'GAN-iZJED, pp. or a. Rendered heathenish. 

Pa'GAN-iZ-ING, ppr. Rendering heathenish ; behaving like 
pagans ; adopting heathen principles and practice. 

PlGE, n. [Fr., Sp. page.] 1. A boy attending on a great 
person, rather for formality or show than for servitude. 2. 
A boy or man who attends on a legislative body. 

PagE, n. [L. pagina ; Fr. page.] 1. One side of a leaf of a 
book. 2. A book or writing, or writings.— 3. Pages, in the 
plural, signifies, also, books or writings. 

PAGE, v. t. 1. To mark or number the pages of a book or 
manuscript. 2. To attend, as a page. — Shak. 

* Pa'GEANT (pa'jent or paj'ent), n. [L. pegma.] 1. A statue 
in show, or a triumphal car, chariot, arch, or other pomp- 
ous thing, decorated with flags, &c, and carried in public 
shows and processions. 2. A show ; a spectacle of enter- 
tainment ; something intended for pomp. 3. Any thing 
showy, without stability or duration. 

* Pa'GEANT, a. Showy ; pompous ; ostentatious. 

* Pa'GEANT, v. t. To exhibit in show ; to represent. 

* Pa'GEANT-RY or PAg'EANT-RY, n. Show ; pompous 

exhibition or spectacle. — Dryden. 

PaGjED, pp. Marked or numbered, as the pages of a book. 

PagE'HOOD, n. The state of a page. 

PAG'I-NAL, a. Consisting of pages. — Brown. 

PagTNG, n. The marking of the pages of a book. 

Pa'GOD, }n. [Pers. pout ghod, or boot khoda.] 1. A 

PA-Go'DA, > temple in the East Indies in which idols 
are worshiped. 2. An idol ; an image of some supposed 
deity. 

PA-Go'DA, n. A gold or silver coin current in Hindostan, 
of the value of 8 or 9 shillings sterling, or nearly 2 dollars. 

Pi'GOD-lTE, n. A name given to the mineral of which the 
Chinese make their pagodas. 

PaID, pret. and pp. of pay ; paid for payed. 

PaI'GLE, In. A plant and flower of the genus primula, or 

Pa'gIL, > primrose ; cowslip primrose. 

P aIL, n. [W. paeol] An open vessel of wood, tin, &c, used 
in families for carrying liquids. 

PIIL'FUL, n. The quantity that a pail will hold. 

PaIL-LASSE' (pal-yas), n. [Fr.] An under bed of straw.— 
Enc. of Dom. Eo?n. 

PAIL-MAIL'. See Pallmall. 

PaIN, n. [W.poen; Fr. peine ; Norm, pene, peine ; Sax.jn'» 
or pine; Ger. pein.] 1. An uneasy sensation in animal 
bodies, of any degree from slight uneasiness to extreme 
distress or torture. 2. Labor ; work ; toil ; laborious ef- 
fort. In this sense, the plural only is used ; as, to take 
pains. 3. Labor ; toilsome effort ; task ; in the singular , 
[obs.] 4. Uneasiness of mind ; disquietude ;' anxiety ; 
solicitude for the future ; grief; sorrow for the past 5. 
The throes or distress of travail or child-birth. 6. Penal- 
ty ; punishment suffered or denounced ; suffering or evil 
inflicted as a punishment for a crime. 

Pa IN, v. t. [W. poeni ; Norm, painer ; Fr. peiner ; Sax. pinan.] 
1. To make uneasy ; to cause uneasy sensations in the 
body, of any degree of intensity. 2. To render uneasy in 
mind. 3. Reciprocally, to pain one's self to labor; to 
make toilsome efforts ; [little used.] — Syn. To disquiet ; 
trouble ; afflict ; grieve ; aggrieve ; distress ; agonize ; tor 
ment; torture. 

PaINjED, pp. Disquieted ; afflicted. 

PaIN'FUL, a. 1. Giving pain, uneasiness, or distress to the 
body." 2. Giving pain to the mind. 3. Full of pain ; pre 
ducing misery or affliction. 4. Requiring labor or toil 
full of difficulties. 5. Exercising labor ; undergoing toil , 
industrious. Dryden. — Syn. Disquieting; troublesome 



1 >OVK ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER. Vi "CIOUS.— € as K ; G as .1 ; SwZ, CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PAL 



710 



PAL 



afflictive , distressing ; grievous , laborious ; toilsome ; 
difficult, arduous. 

PIIN'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With suffering of body ; with afflic- 
tion, uneasiness, or distress of mind. 2. Laboriously ; 
with toil ; with laborious effort or diligence. 

PaIN'FUL-NESS, ft. 1. Uneasiness or distress of body. 2. 
Affliction; sorrow; grief; disquietude or distress of mind. 
3. Laborious effort or diligence ; toil. 

I PXI'NIM, n. [Norm, paynim.] A pagan ; an infidei. 

f PaI'NIM, a. Pagan ; infidel.— Milton. 

PaIN'ING, ppr. Making uneasy ; afflicting. 

PaIN'LESS, a. 1. Free from pain.— Fell. 2. Free from 
trouble. — Dry den. 

PaINSTaK-ER, n. A laborious person.— Gay. 

PaINS'TaK-ING, a. Laborious ; industrious. — Harris. 

PaINS'TaK-ING, n. Labor ; great industry. 

PUNT, v. t. [Fr.peindre, peignant, peint ; Sp. pintar.] 1. To 
cover or besmear with color or colors, either with or 
without figures. 2. To form a figure or likeness in colors. 

3. To represent by colors or images ; to exhibit in form. 

4. To represent or exhibit to the mind ; to present in form 
or likeness to the intellectual view. 5. To diversify with 
colors. 6. To lay on artificial color for ornament. — Syn. 
To color ; picture ; depict ; portray ; delineate ; sketch ; 
draw ; describe. 

PaINT, v. i. 1. To lay colors on the face. 2. To practice 
jsainting. 

PaINT, n. 1. A coloring substance ; a substance used in 
painting, either simple or compound. 2. Color laid on 
canvas or other material ; color representing any thing. 
3. Color laid on the face ; rouge. 

PaINT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Colored ; rubbed over with paint. 
2. Represented in form by colors. 3. Described. 

PaINT'ER, n. One whose occupation is to paint; one 
skilled in representing things in colors. 

PaINT'ER, n. [qu. Ir. painter :] A rope at the bow of a boat, 
used to fasten it to a ship or other object. 

PaINT'ER-STaIN'ER, n. A painter of coats of arms.— Bu- 
chanan. 

PaINT'ERS'-COL'IC, n. A peculiar disease, usually termin- 
ating in palsy and mental imbecility, to which painters are 
subject, and also others who handle lead poisons. — Brande. 

PaINTING, ppr. Representing in colors ; laying on colors. 

PaINT'ING, n. I. The act or employment of laying on col- 
ors. 2. The art of forming figures or resembling objects 
in colors on canvas or other material, or the art of repre- 
senting to the eye, by means of figures and colors, any ob- 
ject of sight, and sometimes the emotions of the mind. 3. 
A picture ; a likeness or resemblance in colors. 4. Colors 
laid on. 

PaINT'RESS, n. A female who paints. 

PaINT'URE, n. [Fr. peinture.] The art of painting. 

PaIR, n. [Fr. pair ; L., Sp., Port, par ; It. pari.] 1. Two 
things oi a kind, similar in form, applied to the same pur- 
pose, and suited to each other or used together. 2. Two 
of a sort ; a couple ; a brace. 

PaIR, v. i. 1. To be joined in pairs ; to couple. 2. To suit ; 
to fit ; as a counterpart. 

PaIR, v. t. 1. To unite in couples. 2. To unite as corre- 
spondent, or rather to contrast. 

PaIR, v. t. To impair. See Impair. 

PaIR-OFF', v. i. 1. To separate from a company in pairs. 
— 2. In a legislative body, two members are said to pair off 
when, being of opposite parties, they agree to be absent 
when the vote is taken. See Pairing-off. 

Pa.IR.ED, pp. Joined in couples ; fitted ; suited. 

PaIR'ING, ppr. Uniting in pairs ; fitting. 

PaIR'ING-OFF, n. In legislative bodies, a practice by which 
two members of opposite political opinions agree to absent 
themselves from voting during a stated period. The 
practice is said to have originated in the lime of Crom- 
well. 

PaIR'ING-TiME, n. The time when birds couple.— Smart. 

PaIX'HAN GUN, n. [from the name of the inventor.] A 
howitzer of great weight and strength, for throwing shells 
of a very large size. — Park. 

PAL'ACE, n. [Fr. palais ; L. palatium.] 1. A magnificent 
house in which an emperor, a king, or other distinguished 
person resides. 2. A splendid place of residence. 

PAL'ACE-€oUR,T, n. The domestic court of the kings of 
Great Britain, which administers justice between the 
king's domestic servants. 

I"PA-La'CIOUS (-shus), a. Royal; noble ; magnificent. 

PAL'A-DIN, n. A knight-errant. 

PA-LiE'O, ^Initial syllables from the Greek xaXaioS- See 

PA-Le'O. > Paleography, Paleology, &c. 

PA-L^ES'TRA. See Palestra. 

PAL-AN-QUlN', ) (pal-an-keen-), n. [Hindoo, palkee ; Port. 

PAL-AN-KEEN', ) palanque.] A covered carriage used in 
India, China, &c, borne on the shoulders of men, and in 
which a single person is conveyed from place to place. 

PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Agreeable to the taste ; savory. 2. That 
is relished. 



PAL'A-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being ag; eeable 
to the taste ; relish. — Aikin. 

PAL'A-TA-BLY, adv. In a manner agreeable to the taste. 

PAL'A-TAL, a. Pertaining to the palate ; uttered by the aid 
of the palate. 

PAL'A-TAL, n. A letter pronounced by the aid of the pal 
ate, or an articulation of the root of the tongue with the 
roof of the mouth ; as g hard and k, in eg, ek. 

PAL' ATE, n. [L. palatum.] 1. The roof or upper part ot 
the mouth. In man, it is composed of two parts, viz., the 
hard palate, which forms an arch in the anterior part of 
the mouth ; and the soft palate, which lies in the posterior 
part of the mouth, and consists of a membranous curtain 
of muscular and cellular tissue, from the middle of which 
hangs the uvula. 2. Taste. — Pope. 3. Mental relish ; in- 
tellectual taste. — 4. In botany, the convex base of the low- 
er Up of a personate corolla. — Brande. 

t PAL/ATE, v. t. To perceive by the taste.— Shak. 

PA-La'TIAL (-shal), a. Pertaining to the palate. 

PA-La'TIAL, a. [L. palatium.] Pertaining to a palace ; be 
coming a palace ; magnificent. — Drummond. 

t PAL'A-TI€ or PA-LATTC, a. Belonging to the palate. 

PA-LAT'IN-ATE, n. [It. palatinato ; L. palatinus.] The 
province or seignory of a palatine. Two small territories 
in Germany were formerly called the Upper and Lower 
Palatinate. 

PAL'A-TlNE, a. [Fr. palatin ; It. palatino ; L. palatinus.] 
Pertaining to a palace ; an epithet applied originally to 
persons holding an office or employment in the king's pal- 
ace ; hence it imports possessing royal privileges ; as, an 
elector or count palatine. 

PAL'A-TlNE, n. One invested with royal privileges. 

t PAL'A-TIVE, a. Pleasing to the taste.— Brown. 

PA-LX'VER, 71. [Sp. palabra ; Port, palavra.] 1. Idle talk 
2. Talk intended to deceive ; fiattery ; [vulgar.] 3. A con- 
ference or deliberation ; [an African use.] 

PA-La'VER, v. t. or v. i. To deceive by words ; to flatter . 
to use idle, deceitful talk ; to hold a palaver. [Vulgar.] 

PA-La'VER-ER, n. A flatterer. 

PaLE, a. [Fr. pale, palir.] 1. White or whitish ; wan ; pal- 
lid ; deficient in color ; not ruddy or fresh of color. Pale 
is not precisely synonymous with white, as it usually de- 
notes what we call wan, a darkish dun white. 2. Not 
_bright ; not shining ; of a faint lustre ; dim. 

PaLE, v. t. To make pale. — Shak. — Prior. 

PaLE, v. i. To turn pale. — Miss Pickering. [Poetical.] 

PaLE, 7i. [Sax. pal ; Ger. pfahl ; D. paal.] 1. A narrow 
board pointed or sharpened at one end, used in fencing or 
inclosing. 2. A pointed stake. 3. An inclosure ; properly, 
that which incloses, like fence, limit ; hence, the space in- 
closed ; as, the pale of Christianity. — Attcrbury. 4. Dis- 
trict ; limited territory. — 5. In heraldry, one of the greater 
ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an es- 
cutcheon. 

PaLE, v. t. [D. paalen ; Ger. pfahlen.] 1. To inclose with 
pales or stakes. 2. To inclose ; to encompass. 

PaLE'-Ey£D (-ide), a. Having eyes dimmed. — Milton 

PaLE'-FaCED (-faste), a. 1. Having a pale or wan face.- 
Shak. 2. Causing paleness of face. — Shak. 

PaLE'-HEaRT'ED, a. Dispirited.— Shak. 

Pa-LE-a'CEOUS (-shus), a. [L. palea.] 1. Chaffy ; resem- 
bling chaff, or consisting of it. 2. Chaffy ; furnished with 
chaff. 

PILED, pp. 1. Inclosed with pales or pickets. 2. Striped. 

PaLE'LY, adv. Wanly ; not freshly or ruddily. 

t PAL'EN-DAR, n. A kind of coasting-vessel. — Knolles. 

PaLE'NESS, 7i. 1. Wanness ; defect of color ; want of 
freshness or ruddiness ; a sickly whiteness of look. 2 
Want of color or lustre ; as, the paleness of a flower.- 
Sfiak. 

P I-LE-OG'RA-PHER, n. One conversant with paleography. 

piiE-O-GRipmlAL, ] a - P^taining to paleography. 

Pa-LE-OG'RA-PHY, ti. [Gr. na^aios and yp ,<p V/ ] 1. The 
study of ancient writings ; the art of deciphering ancient 
writings. 2. An ancient manner of writing. — E. Stiles. 

PI-LE-OL'O-dlST, ti. One who writes on antiquity, or one 
conversant with antiquity.— Good. 

Pa-LE-OL'O-GY, ti. [Gr. nuXaioS and Aoyoj.] A discourse 
or treatise on antiquities, or the knowledge of ancient 
Jhings. 

Pa-LE-O-SAU'RUS, ti. [Gr. na\atus and aavpog.] A fossil 
saurian found in magnesian limestone. 

Pa-LE-ON-TO-LOg'I€-AL, a. Belonging to paleontology. 

PI-LE-ON-TOL'O-GIST, ti. One versed in paleontology. 

Pa-LE-ON-TOL'O-GY, ti. [Gr. nuUios, and ontology.] The 
science of ancient beings or creatures ; applied to the sci- 
ence of the fossil remains of animals and plants now ex- 
tinct. — Journ. of Science. — Mantell. 

Pa-LE-O-THe'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the paleothenum 

Pa-LE-O-THe'RI-UM, \n. [Gr. na)<aios nndSvpiov.] A large 

Pa'LE-O-THERE, 5 quadruped resembling a pig ot 
tapir, but of great size, now extinct. — Lyell. 



* .See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fec, long.— a, E, 1, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOR, 



PAL 711 

PA'LE-0U8,a. [L. palca.] Chaffy; like chaff. 
?A-LE-0-Zo'I€, a. [Gr. xa^atos and <Jwuv.] In geology, a 

term applied to the lowest fossiliferous strata ; and, also, 

to the earliest forms of life. — Dana. 
PA-LE3TB.A, n. [Gr. TzaXaiarpa, from iraXn, wrestling.] A 

wrestling ; the place of wrestling ; exercises of wrestling ; 

a place for athletic exercises in Greece. 

r Gr. TraXaicrptKos.] Pertaining to 
exercise of wrestling.— Bi-yant. 



PAL 



\a. [Gr 
I the e 



PA-LES'TRI€, 

PA-LESTRIC-AL, . 

f PAL'ET, n. [Fr. p'elote.] The crown of the head. 

PAL'ETTE. See Pallet. 

PAL'FREY (pawl'fre), n. [Fr. palefroi ; It. palafreno.] 1. A 
horse used by noblemen and others for state, distinguished 
from a war horse. 2. A small horse fit for ladies. 

PAL'FREYED (pawl'fred), a. Riding on a palfrey. 

PAL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. palus.] The act or practice of 
driving piles or posts into the ground for making it firm. 

PA-LIL'O-GY, n. [Gr. na'Xiv and Aoyoj.] In rhetoric, the 
repetition of a word, or fragment of a sentence, for the 
sake of greater energy. — Brande. 

Pa'LIMP-SEST, n. [Gr. Tra\tv and uWJ A kind of parch- 
ment manuscript which has been written over a second 
time, the former writing having been erased. 

PAL'IN-DROME, n. [Gr. xa*iv8pouta.] A word, verse, or 
sentence that is the same when read backward or for- 
ward ; as, madam. 

PILING, ppr. Inclosing with pales. 

PaLTNG, n. A fence formed with pales, or pales taken col- 
lectively. 

PAL-IN-GE-Ne'SI-A, In. [Gr. naXtyyEvecia.] A new birth, 

PAL-IN-6EN'E-SY, j or transition from one state to an- 
other ; a regeneration. 

PAL'IN-ODE, In. [Gr. -ahvuSia.] A recantation, or dec- 

PAL'IN-O-DY, 5 laration contrary to a former one. 

PAL-I-SaDE', n. [Fr. palissade^] A fence or fortification 
consisting of a row of stakes or posts sharpened and set 
firmly in the ground. 

PAL-I-SIDE', v. t. To surround, inclose, or fortify with 
stakes or posts. 

PAL-I-SaD'ED, pp. Fortified with stakes or posts. 

PAL-I-SiDTNG, ppr. Fortifying with posts. 

PAL-I-SX DO, n. Palisade, which see. 

PaL'ISH, a. Somewhat pale or wan. — Arbuthnot. 

PALL, n. [L. pallium ; Sax. pcelle.] 1. A cloak ; a mantle 
of state. 2. The mantle of an archbishop. 3. The cloth 
thrown over a dead body at funerals. 4. A detent or 
click, i. e., a small piece of metal or wood which falls be- 
tween the teeth of a rachet wheel, or of a windlass, to pre- 
vent its revolving backward. 

PALL, n. In heraldry, a figure like the Greek Y. — Encyc. 

PALL, v. t. To cloak ; to cover or invest. — Shak. 

PALL, v. i. [W.pallu.] To become vapid ; to lose strength, 
iife, spirit, or taste ; to become insipid. 

PALL, v. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid. 2. To make spir- 
itless ; to dispirit ; to depress. 3. To weaken ; to impair. 

4. To cloy. 

f PALL, n. Nausea or nauseating. — Ld. Shaftesbury. 

PALL'-BE1R-ER, n. A term applied to those who attend 
the coffin at a funeral, so called from the pall or covering 
of the body, which they formerly carried. 

PAL'LA, n. [L.] Among the Romans, a large upper robe 
worn by ladies. — Elmes. 

PAL-LI'DI-UM, n. [Gr. xaWaSiov.] 1. Primarily, a statue 
of the goddess Pallas, on the preservation of which de- 
pended the safely of ancient Troy. 2. Something that af- 
fords effectual defense, protection, and safety. 3. A gray- 
ish white malleable metal found with platinum in small 
grains of a fibrous texture. 

PAL'LAS, n. [Gr.] 1. In mythology, the Grecian goddess of 
wisdom, identified at a later period with the Roman Mi- 
nerva. Brande. — 2. In astronomy, one of the small planets 
or asteroids which revolve between the orbits of Mars and 
Jupiter. 

PALLED (pawld), pp. Made insipid. 

PAL'LET, n. [Fr. palette ; It. paletta.] 1. Among painters, 
a little oval table or board, or piece of ivory, on which the 
painter places the colors to be used. — 2. Among potters, 
crucible-makers, <fcc, a wooden instrument for "forming, 
beating, and rounding their works. — 3. In gilding, an in- 
strument made of a squirrel's tail, used for taking up and 
spreading gold leaf.— 4. In heraldry, a small pale ; [see Pale.] 

5. A term applied to the pieces connected with the pendu- 
lum of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive 
the immediate impulse of the swing-wheel or balance- 
wheel. — Brande. 6. A measure formerly used by sur- 
geons, containing three ounces. 

PAL'LET, n. [paillet, Chaucer; Fr. paille; L. palea ; Ir. 

peall] A small bed.— Milton. 
PAL'LI-AL, a. Pertaining to a mantle, especially the mantle 

of shell-fishes. — Smart. 
i PAL'LI-A-MENT, n. [L. pallium.] A dress ; a robe. 
PAL'LIARD (pal'yard). n. [Fr.] A lecher ; a lewd person. 



t PAL'LIARD-lSE, n. Fornication. -Buck. 

PAL-LIASSE' (-yas'), n. An under bed of straw, &c. 

PAL'LI-aTE, v. t. [Fr. pallier ; Sp. paliar.) 1. To clothe; 
[obs.] 2. To cover with excuse ; to conceal the enormity 
of offenses by excuses and apologies ; hence, to extenu- 
ate ; to lessen ; to soften by favorable representations. 3. 
To reduce in violence ; to mitigate ; to lessen or abate , 
to alleviate. 

t PAL'LI-ATE, a. Eased ; mitigated. 

PAL'LI-a-TED, pp. Covered by excuses ; extenuated , 
softened. 

PAL'LI-a-TING, ppr. or a. Concealing the enormity or 
most censurable part of conduct ; extenuating ; softening. 

PAL-LI- a'TION, n. 1. The act of palliating ■ concealment 
of the most flagrant circumstances of an offense ; extenu- 
ation by favorable representation. 2. Mitigation ; allevia- 
tion ; abatement. 

PAL'LI-A-TlVE, a. [Fr. palliatif] 1. Extenuating; serving 
to extenuate by excuses or favorable representation. 8. 
Mitigating ; alleviating ; as pain or disease. 

PAL'LI-A-TiVE, n. 1. That which extenuates. 2. That 
which mitigates, alleviates, or abates the violence of pain, 
disease, or other evil. — Swift. 

PAL'LID, a. [L. pallidas.] Pale ; wan ; deficient in color j 
not high-colored. — Spenser. 

t PAL-LID'I-TY, n. Paleness. 

PAL'LID-LY, adv. Palely ; wanly.— Taylor. 

PAL'LID-NESS, n. Paleness ; wanness. 

PALLTNG, ppr. or a. Making vapid or insipid. 

PALLING, n. Insipidity ; the state of being insipid or 
cloyed. 

PAL'LI-UM, n. [L.I In the Roman Catholic Church, a 6hort 
white cloak, with a red cross, encircling the neck and 
shoulders, and falling on the back. — Brande. 

PALL-MALL' (pel-mel'), n. [L. pila and malleus ; It. palla 
and malleo.] 1. A play in which a ball is driven through 
an iron ring by a mallet ; also, the mallet. 2. A street in 
London, so called from its having once been the place for 
playing the game called pall-mall. 

PAL'LOR, n. [L.] Paleness.— Taylor. 

PaLM (pam), n. [L. palma.] 1. The inner part of the hand. 
2. A hand or hand's breadth ; a lineal measure of three 
inches. 3. The broad triangular part of an anchor at the 
end of the arms. 4. The name of many species of plants 
growing in warm climates, but particularly of the date- 
tree or great palm. The palms have straight cyJindric 
trunks, often lofty and generally without branches, and 
are crowned at the summit with a tuft of large radiating 
leaves. 5. Branches of the palm being worn in token of 
victory, hence the word signifies superiority, victory, tri- 
umph.— 6. Among seamen, an instrument fitted to the hand 
and used in sewing canvas, instead of a thimble. 

PaLM (pam), v. t. 1. To conceal in the palm of the hand.- 
Prior. 2. To impose by fraud 3. To handle. 4. To stroke 
with the hand. 

PILM-OIL (pam'-oil), n. A vegetable oil obtained from 
the fruit of several species of palms, and used in the man- 
ufacture of soap and candles. 

PaLM'-SUN-DAY (pam'-sun-de), n. The Sunday next be- 
fore Easter ; so called in commemoration of our Savior's 
triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude 
strewed palm-branches in the way. 

PaLM'-TREE (pam'-tree), n. The name of many trees be- 
longing to the natural order of palms. 

PAL'Ma CHRIS'Tl, n. [L.] An annual plant, whose seeds 
furnish the well-known castor-oil of medicine.— Loudon. 

PAL'MAR' a. [L. palmaris.] Of the breadth of the hand. 

PAL'MA-RY, a. [L. palmaris.] Principal ; capital. — Bp. 
Home. 

PaLM'A-RY, a. Pertaining to a palm. 

PAL'MATE, }a. [L. palmatus.] 1. Having the shape of a 

PAL'Mi-TED, 5 hand ; resembling a hand with the fingers 
spread. 2. Entirely webbed, as feet. 

PXLMED (pamd),£p. Imposed by fraud. 

PaLM'ER (pam'er), n. One who returned from the Holy 
Land bearing branches of palm ; a pilgrim or crusader. 

PaLM'ER-W6RM (pam'er-wurm), n. A hairy worm.— Joel, 
i, 4. 

PAL-METTO, n. A species of palm-tree growing in the 
West Indies and Southern United States ; called, also, 
cabbage-tree. 

PAL'MIC ACID, n. A kind of acid obtained from palmine. 

PAL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. palma and f re.) Bearing palms. 

PAL'MINE, n. A white waxy substance obtained from caa- 
tor-oil. 

PaLM'ING, ppr. Imposing by fraud. 

PAL'MI-PED, a. [L. palma and pes.] Web-footed ; having 
the toes connected by a membrane ; as a water-fowk 

PAL'MI-PED, n. A swimming bird ; one that has webbed 
feet. 

PAL'MIS-TER, n. One who deals in palmistry. 
PAL'MIS-TRY, n. [L. palma.] 1. The art or practice ot 
divining or telling fortunes by the lines and marks in the 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



PAN 



712 



PAN 



paliu of the hand. 2. Addison uses it humorously, for the 
action of the hand. 

PaLM'Y (pam'y), a. 1. Bearing palms. — Skak. Hence, 2. 
Flourishing ; prosperous ; victorious. 

PALP, n. I [L. palpus.] A jointed sensiferous organ at- 

PAL'Pl, n. pi. > tached in pairs to the back or side of the 
lower jaw in many insects ; a feeler. 

PALP, v. t. To feel. [Not authorized.] 

PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being perceptible by 
the touch. — Arbuthnot. 

PAL'PA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Perceptible by the touch; that 
may be felt, as darkness. — Shak. 2. Gross ; coarse ; easi- 
ly perceived and detected, as a mistake. 3. Plain ; obvi- 
ous ; easily perceptible, as proof. — Hooker. 

PAL'PA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being palpable ; 
plainness ; obviousness ; grossness. 

PAL'PA-BLY, adv. 1. In such a manner as to be perceived 
by the touch. 2. Grossly ; plainly ; obviously. 

PAL-Pa'TION, n. [L. palpatio.] The act of feeling. 

PAL'PE-BRAL, a. Pertaining to the eyebrows. 

PAL'PE-BROUS, a. Having large eyebrows. 

PAL'PI-FORM, a. Having the form of palpi or feelers. 

PAL-PlG'ER-OUS, a. Bearing palpi or feelers.— Kirby. 

PAL'PI-TaTE, v. i. [L. palpito.] To beat gently ; to beat, 
as the heart ; to nutter, that is, to move with little throes ; 
as we say, to go pit a pat. 

PAL'PI-Ta-TING, ppr. or a. Beating gently ; fluttering. 

PAL-PI-Ta'TION, n. [L. palpitatio.] 1. A beating of the 
heart; particularly, a preternatural beating or pulsation 
excited by violent action of the body, by fear, fright, or 
disease. 2. A violent, irregular motion of the heart. 

PALS'GRAVE (pawlz'grave), n. [Ger. pfahgraf] A count 
or earl who has the superintendence of the king's palace. 

PALS'GRA-ViNE, n. The consort or widow of a palsgrave. 

PAL'SI-GAL, a. Affected with palsy ; paralytic. 

PAL'SIM) (pawl'zid), pp. or a. Affected with palsy. 

PAL'SY, n. [contracted from Gr. napaXvaiS.] An abolition 
of function, whether of intellect, special sensation, volun- 
tary motion, common sensation, or sympathetic motion ; 
paralysis. 

PAL'SY (pawl'ze), v. t. 1. To paralyze ; to destroy function. 
2. To destroy energy. — Dwight. 

PAL'SY-ING, ppr. or a. Destroying function. 

PAL'TER, v. i. To shift ; to dodge ; to play tricks.— John- 
son. Rather, to fail ; to come short ; to balk. 

\ PAL'TER, v. t. To squander. Qu.— Ainsworth. 

PALTER-ER, n. One who palters, fails, or falls short 

PALTRI-LY, adv. In a paltry manner. 

PAL'TRI-NESS, n. The state of being paltry or vile. 

P-^L'TRY, a. [Sw. palta, pi. pallor ; Scot, paltrie or peltrie.] 
Ragged ; mean ; vile ; worthless ; despicable ; contempt- 
ible^ 

PA-Lu'DAL, a. [L.palus.] Pertaining to marshes ; marshy. 

PAL-U-Di'NA, n. [L. palus.] A genus of fresh-water snails. 

PA-L€"'DIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to the paludina. 

Pi'LY, a. 1. Pale ; wanting color. — Shak. ; [used only in poet- 
ry.]— -2. In heraldry, divided by pales into four equal parts. 

PiM, n. The knave of clubs. — Pope. 

PAMTAS, n. pi. The name given to vast prairies in the 
southern part of Buenos Ayres, in South America. — En- 
cyc. Am. 

PAM'PER, v. t. [It. pambere, pamberato.] 1. To feed to the 
full ; to glut ; to saginate ; to feed luxuriously. 2. To 
gratify to the full ; to furnish with that which delights. 

PAM'PER£D, pp. or a. Fed high ; glutted or gratified to 
the full. 

PAM'PER-ING, ppr. Glutting ; feeding luxuriously ; grati- 
fying to the full. 

PAM'PER-ING, n. Luxuriancy.— Fulke. 

PAM'PHLET, n. [Sp. papclon ; papeleta ; papel volante.] A 
email book consisting of a sheet of paper ; or of sheets 
stitched together, but not bound. 

PAM'PHLET. v. t. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. 

PAM-PHLET-EER', n. A writer of pamphlets ; a scribbler. 

PAM-PHLET-EER'ING, a. 1. Writing and publishing pam- 
phlets. 2. n. The writing and publishing of pamphlets. 

PAM'PRE, n. [Fr.] In sculpture, an ornament composed of 
vine leaves and bunches of grapes ; used for decorating 
columns. — Gwilt. 

PAN, n. [Sax.. Sw. panna ; D. pan.] 1. A vessel broad and 
somewhat hollow or depressed in the middle, or with a 
raised border. 2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire- 
arms which holds the priming that communicates with 
the charge. 3. Something hollow. — 4. Among farmers, the 
hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil ; called hard 
pan. 5 The top of the head. 

PAN, v. t. To join ; to close together. [Local] 

PAN, n. [Gr.] In mythology, the deity of shepherds. See 
Panic. 

PAN'A-BASE, n. [Gr. nav, and base.] An ore of copper, of 

a gray color. 
PANA-Ce'A, n. [L.] 1. A remedy for all diseases ; a uni- 
versal medicine. 2. An herb. 



PA-Na'DA, >n. [Fr. panade.] A kind of food made by boft 
PA-Na'DO, > ing bread in water to the consistence of pulp, 

and sweetened. 
PAN'A-RY, a. [L. panis.] Pertaining to bread. 
PAN'CaKE, n. A thin cake fried in a pan or baked on as 

iron plate.— Franklin. 
PAN'CaRTE, n. A royal charter confirming to a subjec 

all his possessions. — Brande. 
PANCH, n. [W. panu.] Among seamen, a thick and strong 

mat, to be fastened on yards to prevent friction. 
PaNCH' WaY, n. A Bengal four-oared boat for passengers 

— Malcom. 
PAN-CRAT'IC, ) a. [Gr. nav and Kparos.] Excelling in 
PAN-€RAT'I€-AL, $ all gymnastic exercises ; very strong 

or robust. 
PAN'€RA-TIST, n. One who excels in gymnastic exercises. 
PAN-€Ra'TI-UM (-she-um), n. [Gr. -nav and Kpareuj.] Among 

the ancients, an athletic contest which combines boxing 

and wrestling. 
PAN'€RE-AS, n. [Gr. nav and K peaS-] A gland of the body 

situated between the bottom of the stomach and the verto- 

bres ; the sweet-bread. 
PAN-€RE-ATI€, a. Pertaining to the pancreas. 
PAN'CY. See Pansy. 
PAN-De'AN PIPES, n.pl. A wind instrument of antique 

ty made of reeds fastened together side by side, gradually 

lessening, and tuned to each other. 
PAN'DECT, n. [L. pandectce.] 1. A treatise which contains 

the whole of any science. — 2. Pandects, in the plural, the 

digest or collection of civil or Roman law, made by order 

of the Emperor Justinian. 
PAN-DEM'IC, a. [Gr. nav and <%cof.] Incident to a whote 

people ; epidemic. 
PAN-DE-Mo'NI-UM, n. [Gr. nai, -nav, all, and Satuwv, a de 

mon.] In fabulous story, the great hall or council-cham- 
ber of demons or evil spirits. — Milton. 
PAN'DER, n. [qu. It. pandere.] A pimp ; a procurer ; a mate 

bawd ; a mean, profligate wretch, who caters for the lust 

of others. 
PAN'DER, v. t. To pimp ; to procure lewd women for oth- 
ers. — Shak. 
PAN'DER, v. i. 1. To act as agent for the lusts of others, 

2. To be subservient to lust or passion. 
PAN'DER- AGE, n. A procuring of sexual connection. 
PAN'DER-ISM, n. The employment or vices of a pander , 

a pimping. — Swift. 
PAN'DER-L Y, a. Pimping ; acting the pander. 
PAN-DI€-U-La'TION, n. [L. pandiculor.] A yawning ; u 

stretching; the tension of the solids that accompanies 

yawning. 
PAN'DIT ) 
PUN'DIT \ n ' * n Hindostan, a learned Brahmin. 

PAN'DOOR, n. A name given to a kind of light infantry 

soldiers in the Austrian service. — Brande. 
PAN-Do'RA, n. [Gr. nav, all, and Supov, a gift.] In mythvlo 

gy, a fabled female who received a variety of gifts. Ju 

piter gave her a box for her husband, who opened it, and 

out rushed a multitude of evils. — Lempriere. 
PAN'DORE, \n. [Gv.navSovpa.] An instrument of musin 
PAN'DO-RAN, > of the lute kind ; a bandore. 
PAN-Du'RI-FORM, a. [h.pandura, from the Gr.] In botany 

obovate, with a deep recess on each side, like a violin. 
PaNE, n. [Fr. pan ; Arm. panell] 1. A square of glass. S. 

A piece of any thing in variegated works. 
PaN.ED, a. Variegated; composed of small squares, as * 

counterpane usually is. — Cavendish. 

* PAN-E-GYR'I€, n. [Fr. panegyrique ; It., Sp. panegirico ; L» 
panegyricus.] 1. An oration or eulogy in praise of soma 
distinguished person or achievement ; a formal or elabo- 
rate encomium. 2. An encomium; praise bestowed oa 
some eminent person, action, or virtue. 

* PAN-E-gyR'IC, \a. Containing praise or eulogy ; eo- 

* PAN-E-GYR'I€-AL, 5 comiastic. 

PAN-EG'Y-RIS, n. [Gr. navrjyvpis.] A festival ; a publi" 
meeting. 

PAN-E-gyR'IST, n. One who bestows praise ; a eulogist, 
an encomiast, either by writing or speaking. 

PAN'E-GY-RIZE, v. t. To praise highly ; to write or pro 
nounce a eulogy on. — Ch. Obs. 

PAN'E-GY-RlZE, v. i. To bestow praises.— Mitford. 

PAN'E-GY-RlZ£D, pp. Highly praised or eulogized. 

PAN'E-GY-RlZ-ING, ppr. Praising highly ; eulogizing 

PAN'EL, n. [Fr. panneau ; Sw. panna.] 1. A piece of board 
whose edges are inserted into the frame of a thicker sur- 
rounding frame. 2. A piece of parchment or schedule 
containing the names of persons summoned by the sheriff 

3. The whole jury.— 4. In Scots law, a prisoner at the bar 
— En eye. Am. 

PAN'EL, v. t. To form with panels.~Pe7ma?it 
PAN'EL.ED, pp. or a. Formed with panels. 
PaNE'LESS, a. Without panes of glass.— Shcnstone. 
PAN'EL-ING, ppr. Forming ivith panels. 
PANG, n. [D.pynigen; G. pcinigen.} Extreme pain; par- 



is. A, E, I, &c, long. — a, E, I, &c, 



.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PRE Y ;-MARlNE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK, 



PAN 



713 



PAP 



licularly, a sudden paroxysm of extreme pain. — Syn. An- 
guish ; agony ; throe ; distress ; suffering. 

PANG, v. t. To torture ; to give extreme pain to. 

PAN'GO LIN, n. A name given to two species of manis, or 
scaly ant-eater, found in Bengal and Central Africa. Their 
bodies can be rolled into a spherical shape. 

PAN-HEL-Ltt'NI-UM, n. [Gr. ■navt'\\r,viov.] The national 
council or congress of Greece. — Anderson. 

PANTG, n. [Sp., It. panico ; Fr. panigue.] A sudden fright ; 
particularly, a sudden fright without real cause, or terror 
inspired by a trifling cause or misapprehension of danger. 

PAN'I€, a. Extreme or sudden; [applied to fright.] 

PAN'IG, n. The grain of the panic-grass. 

PAN'IG-GFlaSS, n. A plant of the genus panicum. 

PAN'IC-STRUCK, a. Struck with a panic or sudden fear. 

PAN'I-CLE, n. [L. panicula.] In botany, a species of inflo- 
rescence, in which the flowers are arranged on distinct 
branching stalks centripetally around a lengthened axis. — 
Lindley. 

PAN1-CL.ED, a. Furnished with panicles.— Eaton. 

PA-NIC'U-L ATE, ) a. 1. Having branches variously sub- 

PA-NI€'U-La-TED, 3 divided. 2. Having the flowers in 
panicles. 

PA-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. panis and voro.] Eating bread ; 
subsisting on bread. 

PAN-NiDE', 7i. The curvet of a horse. — Ainsworth. 

P AN'NAGE, n. [from L. panis.] The food of swine in the 
woods, as beech-nuts, acorns, &c, called, also, pawns ; also, 
the money taken by agistors for the mast of the king's for- 
est. — Cowel. 

PAN'NEL, n. [W. panel; ~L.pannus.] 1. A kind of rustic 
saddle. 2. The stomach of a hawk. For other senses, see 
Panel. 

1 PAN-NEL-L A'TION, n. The act of impanneling a jury. 

PANNTER (pan'yer), n. [Fr. panier ; It.paniera.] 1. A wick- 
er basket ; primarily, a bread-basket, but used for carrying 
fruit or other things on a horse. — 2. In architectzire, the 
same as corbel, which see. 

, PAN'NI-KEL, n. The brain-pan or skull.— Spenser. 

PAN'0-PLl.ED (pan'o-plid), a. Completely armed. 

PAN'O-PLY, n. [Gr. -navo^Xia.] Complete armor or defense. 

PAN-O-RA'MA, n. [Gr. nav and opap.a.] 1. Literally, a com- 
plete or entire view on all sides. 2. A picture presenting 
from a central point a view of objects in every direction, 
represented on the interior surface of a cylindrical wall 
or rotunda. It is lighted from above, and viewed from a 
platform in the center. 

PAN-O-RAM'IC, a. Belonging to or like a panorama. 

PAN-SOPHIG-AL, a. Pretending to have a knowledge of 
every thing. — Worthington. 

PAN'SO-PHY, n, [Gr. jrav and coepca.] Universal wisdom 
or knowledge. — Hartlib. [Little used.] 

PAN-STe-RE-O-Ra'MA, n. A model of a town or country 
in wood, cork, pasteboard, or other substance, showing 
every part in relief. — Brande. 

PAN'SY, n. [Fr. pensee.] A species of violet, heart's-ease. 

PaNT, v. i. [Fr. panteler.] 1. To palpitate ; to beat with 
preternatural violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror, 
or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or suspense. 2. 
To have the breast heaving, as in short respiration or want 
of breath. 3. To play with intermission or declining 
strength. 4. To long ; to desire ardently. 

PaNT, n. Palpitation of the heart.— Shah. 

PAN'TA-GRAPH, n. See Pantograph. 

PAN-TA-LETS', n. pi. Loose drawers, resembling panta- 
loons, worn by females and children. 

PAN-TA-LOON', n. [Fr. pantalon.] 1. A garment for males, 
in which breeches and stockings are in a piece ; [obs.] — 2. 
In the plural, pantaloons, a species of close, long trowser3, 
extending to the heels. 3. A ridiculous character, Panta- 
lone, in the Italian comedy, and a buffoon in pantomimes, 
both dressed in pantaloons. 

PAN-TA-MORPHTC, a. [Gr. nag, rravra, and uop<t> n .] Tak- 
ing all forms. 

PAN-TECH'NI-CON, n. [Gr. irav and te X vv-] A place where 
every species of workmanship is collected and exposed 
for sale. — Brande. 

PXNT'ER n. One who pants. 

PANT'ER, n. [Ir. painter.] A net.— Chaucer. 

PaNT'ESS, n. The difficulty of breathing in a hawk. 

PANTHE-1SM, n. [Gr. -nav and $eog.] The doctrine or sys- 
tem which maintains that the universe is God. 

PAN'THE-IST, n. One who believes the universe to be 
God ; a name given to the followers of Spinosa. — Encyc. 

PAN-THE-IST'IC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to pantheism ; con- 

PAN-THE-ISTIC-AL, 5 founding God with the universe.— 
2. In sculpture, a term applied to statues and figures which 
bear the symbols of several deities together. — Brande. 

PAN-THE'ON, n. [Gr. nag, or nav, and Seog.] A temple or 
magnificent edifice at Rome, dedicated to all the gods.— 
In the classics, pronounced pan'theon. 
PANTHER, n. [L. ; Gr. navd)jp.] A fierce carnivorous Af- 
rican quadruped, the felis pardus, of the size of a large 



dog, with short hair of a yellow color, diversified wiCB 
roundish black spots? The cougar and some other species 
of the genus are also called panther. 

PAN'TlLE, n. [qu. W. pantu.] A tile with a curved or hol- 
low surface. 

PaNTING, ppr. or a. Palpitating ; breathinjr with a rapid 
succession of inspirations and expirations ; longing. 

P ANTING, n. Palpitation; rapid breathing; longing. 

PaNTING-LY, adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. 

PANT'LER n. [Fr. panetier.] The officer in a great family 
who has charge of the bread. — Shah. 

PAN-TO-€HRO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. nav, xporog, and fitr- 
pov.] An instrument which is a combination of the com- 
pass, the sun-dial, and the universal time-dial, and per 
forms the offices of all three. — Brande. 

PAN-To'FLE, n. [Fr. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. 

PAN'TO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. navra and ypwpM.] An instrument 
for copying, reducing, or enlarging maps, plans, and fig- 
ures. — P. Cyc. 

PAN-TO-GRAPHIC, \a. Pertaining to a pantograph , 

PAN-TO-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 performed by a pantograph. 

PAN-TOG'RA-PHY, n. General description; view of an 
entire thing. 

PAN-TOL'O-gY, n. [Gr. nag and XoyoS.] A work of general 
information, embracing all the various branches of knowl- 
edge. 

PANTO-LOG'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to pantology. 

PAN-TOL'O-GlST, 71. One who writes or is conversant with 
pantology. 

PAN-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. navra and /xcrpeo}.] An instru- 
ment for measuring all sorts of elevations, angles, and dis- 
tances. [Not used.] 

PAN-TOM'E-TRY, n. Universal measurement. [Not used.] 

PANTO-MlME, n. [L. pantomimus.] 1. One who imitates 
all sorts of actions and characters without speaking ; one 
who expresses his meaning by nrate action. 2. A scene 
or representation in dumb show. 3. A species of musical 
entertainment connected with dumb show. 

PAN'TO-MlME, a. Representing only in mute action.— 
Smith. 

PAN-TO-MIMTC, ? a. Pertaining to the pantomime ; 

PAN-TO-MIM'IC-AL, > representing characters and ac- 
tions by dumb show. 

PAN-TO-MIM'IC-AL-LY, adv. As a pantomime. 

PANTO-MlM-IST, n. One who acts in pantomime. 

PAN'TON, In. [qu. L.pandn.] A horseshoe 

PAN'TON-SHoE (-shoo), > contrived to recover a narrow 
and hoof-bound heel. 

PAN-TOPH'A-GlST, n. An animal or person who eats ev- 
ery thing. 

PAN'TRY, n. [Fr. paneticre.] An apartment or closet in 
which provisions are kept. 

PANUR-GY, ?z. [Gr. navovpyia.] Skill in all kinds ot work 
or business ; craft. — Bailey. 

PAP, n. [L. papilla.] A nipple of the breast ; a teat. 

PAP, n. [Low L. papa.] 1. A soft food for infants, made 
with bread boiled or softened with water. 2. The pulp 
of fruit. — Ainsworth. 

PAP, v. t. To feed with pap. 

PA-Pa.', n. [L., Fv.papa; D., G.papa; It, Sp. papa, the pope.] 
Father. — Swift. [A word with us used by children.] 

PI'PA-CY, 72. [Fr. papaute; It. papato.] 1. The office and 
dignity of the pope or pontiff of Rome ; hence, the popes, 
taken collectively. 2. Papal authority or jurisdiction ; 
popedom. 

PI'PAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to the pope or pontiff" of 
Rome ; popish. 2. Proceeding from the pope. 3. Annexed 
to the bishopric of Rome. 

t Pa'PA-LIN, 72. A papist.— Herbert. 

Pa'PAL-IST, 72. One who favors papal power or doctrine* 
— Baxter. 

Pa'PAL-iZE, v. t. To make papal. 

Pa'PAL-iZE, v. i. To conform to popery. — Cowper. 

Pa'PAL-LY, adv. Popishly. 

PA-PAV-ER-a'CEOUS, a. Belonging to the poppy. 

PA-PAV'ER-OUS, a. [L. papavereus.] Resembling the pop- 
py ; of the nature or qualities of poppies. — Brown. 

PA-PAW, n. [Fr. papayer.] 1. A tree and its fruit. The eo- 
rica papaya, growing in the East and West Indies, bears a 
fruit resembling a gourd, which is wholesome, but not very 
palatable. — 2. The papaw of North America belongs to the 
genus anona. 

t PaPE, 72. The pope. 

Pa'PER, 72. [Fr. papier; It.papiro; L. papyrus.] 1. A sub- 
stance formed into thin sheets, on which letters and fig- 
ures are written or printed. 2. A piece of paper. 3. A 
single sheet printed or written. 4. Any written instru- 
ment. 5. A promissory note or notes, or a bill of ex- 
change. — Kent. 6. Hangings printed or stamped ; papef 
for covering the walls of rooms. 

PA'PER, a. 1. Made of paper ; consisting of paper. 2. Thin ; 

slight. 
Pa'PER, v. t. 1. To cover with paper ; to furnish with pa- 



DftVF ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PAR 



714 



PAR 



per-hangings , as, to paper a room or a house. 2. To reg- 
ister. — Shak. ; [obs.] 3. To fold or inclose in paper. 

ri'PER-CRED IT, n. 1. Evidences of debt; promissory- 
notes, &c, passing current in commercial transactions. 
2. Notes or bills emitted by public authority, promising 
the payment of money. 

Pl'PER-FICiCD (-f aste), a. Having a face as white as paper. 

PI'PER-HANG'INGS, n. pi. Paper ornamented with col- 
ored figures, pasted against the walls of apartments, &c. 
The term hangings was originally applied to the woven 
or embroidered tapestry with which the walls of elegant 
rooms were covered. 

Pi'PER-KlTE, n. A light frame covered with paper for 
flying in the air like a kite. — Warton. 

Pa'PER-MaK'ER, n. One who manufactures paper. 

Pa'PER-MaK'ING, n. The art or business of manufacturing 
paper. 

Pa'PER-MILL, n. A mill in which paper is manufactured. 

Pa'PEPl-MON'EY (-mun'ne), n. Notes or bills issued by au- 
thority, and promising the payment of money, circulated 
as the representative of coin. 

Pa'PER-STaIN'ER, n. One who stains, colors, or stamps 
_paper for hangings. 

Pa'PER£D, pp. or a. Covered with paper. 

PA-PES'CENT. a. [from pap.] Containing pap ; having the 
qualities of pap. — Arbuthnot. 

Pa'PESS, n. A female pope. — Hall. 

PI'PHI-AN, a. Pertaining to the rites of Venus. 

PAPETERIE (pap'tree), n. [Fr.] A case containing 
paper and other materials for writing. 

PAP'IER-Ma'CHE (pap'ya-ma'sha), n, [Fr.] A hard sub- 
stance made of a pulp from rags or paper mixed with size 
or glue, and cast in a mold. It is -used for large tea-boards, 
trays, and various ornamental works. — Encyc. of Dom. 
Econ. 

PA-PIL'IO (pa-pil'yo), n. [L.] A butterfly, a genus of in- 
sects produced from caterpillars. — Barbut. 

PA-PIL-IO-NI'CEOUS, a. Resembling the butterfly, a bo- 
tanical term applied to the corolla of leguminous plants, 
as the pea and bean, from its fancied resemblance to the 
figure of a butterfiy. 

PA-PIL'LA, n. [L.] 1. A small pap or nipple. 2. pi. V\- 
fill-E are minute projecting filaments, being the termina- 
tion of nerves, as on the tongue, skin, &c. 

" PAP IL-LA-RY, ? a. Pertaining to or resembling the nipple 

"PAP'IL-LOUS, J or the papillae ; covered with papilla*. 

PAP'IL-LaTE, v. i. To grow into a nipple. — Fleming. 

PAP'IL-LoSE, a. Nipply ; covered with fleshy dots or 
points ; verrucose ; warty. — Smith. 

PAP'IL-LOTE, n. [Fr.] The name of small pieces of paper 
on which ladies roll up their hair. 

Pa'PISM, n. [from Fr. pape.] Popery.— Bedell. 

Pa'PIST, n. [Fr. papiste.] A Roman Catholic ; one who ad- 
heres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the 
pope. 

PA-PISTIC, i a. Popish ; pertaining to popery ; adherent 

PA-PIST'IG-AL, S to the Church of Rome. 

Pa'PIST-RY, n. Popery ; the doctrines and ceremonies of 
_the_ Church of Rome. — Whitgifte. 

PA'PlZfiD, a. Conformed to popery. — Fuller. 

PAP-POOSE', n. The Indian name for a child. 

PAP'POUS, a. [L. pappus.) Downy ; furnished with a pap- 
pus, as the seeds of certain plants. 

PAP'PUS, n. [L.] The hairy, feathery* or membranous 
calyx of the individual florets in certain compound flow- 
ers belonging to the Linnaean class syngenesia. 

PAP'PY, a. Like pap ; soft ; succulent. — Burnet. 

PAP'U-L^E, 72. pi. [L.] Pimples ; a sort of eruption on the 
skin, commonly terminating in scurf. 

PAP'U-LoSE, a. Covered with papula?. 

PAP'U-LOUS, a. Full of pimples. 

PAP-Y-Ra'CEOUS, \ a. Belonging to the papyrus, or to 

PA-PYR'E-AN, 5 papyri. 

PA-PY'RUS, n. [L.] 1. An Egyptian plant, a kind of reed, 
of which the ancients made a material for writing. 2. [pi. 
Papyri.] A written scroll, made of the papyrus. 

PAR, n. [L.par.] 1. State of equality ; equal value ; equiva- 
lence without discount or premium. 2. Equality in con- 
dition. 

PA-RJi', n. In Turkish money, the fortieth part of a piaster, 
or about £ of a cent — M l Culloch. 

t PAR'A-BLE, a. [L. parabilis.) Easily procured. 

P AR'A-BLE, 72. [Fr. parabole ; L. parabola; Gr. xapaSdXn.') 
A fable or allegorical relation or representation of some- 
thing real in life or nature, from which a moral is drawn 
for instruction. 

PAR'A-BLE, v. t. To represent by fiction or fable. — Milton. 

PAR'A-BL ED, pp. Represented by fable. 

PA-RAB'O-LA, 72 .. [L.] A conic section arising from cutting 
a cone by a plane parallel to one of its sides. 

PA-RAB'O-LE, 72,. In oratory, similitude ; comparison. 

PAR-A-BOL'IC, la. 1. Expressed by parable or alle- 

PAR-A-BOL'IC-AL, 5 gorical representation. 2. [from pa- 



rabola.) Having the form of a parabola ; as, a parabolic 
curve. 3. Generated by the rotation of a parabola ; as, a 
parabolic conoid. 

PAR-A-BOL1C-AL-LY, adv. 1. By way of parable.— Brown 
2. In the form of a parabola. 

PAR-A-BOL'I-FORM, a. Resembling a parabola in form. 

PA-RAB'O-LISM, n. In algebra, the division of the terms ot 
an equation by a known quantity that is involved or mul 
tiplied in the first term. [Not used.] 

PA-RAB'O-LOID, n. [Gr. iranaBoXr] and eiSos-] 1. The solid 
generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis ; a 
parabolic conoid. 2. The term paraboloid has sometimes 
been applied to the parabolas of the higher orders. — 
Brande. 

PAPl-A-CEL'SIAN (-shan), n. A physician who follows the 
practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician. 

PAR-A-CEL'SIAN, a. Denoting the medical practice of Par- 
acelsus. — Hakewill. 

PAR-A-CEN-Te'SIS, n. [Gr. naPaKEvrnaiS.) The operation 
in surgery called tapping, for the evacuation of any eflused 
fluid. 

PAR-A-CEN'TRI€, }a. [Gr. irapa and KEvrpov.) Devi 

PAR-A-CEN'TRI€-AL, > ating from circularity. — Paracen- 
tric motion, the space by which a revolving planet ap- 
proaches nearer to, or recedes further from, the sun, or 
center of attraction. — Hutton. 

PA-RACH'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. irapa and xpovog.] An error in 
chronology ; the mistake of making the date of an event 
later than it was in reality. 

PAR'A-CHRoSE, a. [Gr. -rrapaxpuois-] In mineralogy, chang- 
ing color by exposure to the weather.- Mohs. 

PAR'A-CHUTE (par'a-shute), n. [Gr. irafia, and Fr. chute.) 
In aerostation, an instrument in the form of an umbrella 
to prevent the rapidity of descent 

PAR'A-CLeTE, 72. [Gr. -napaKXnTos-] Properly, an advo 
cate ; one called to aid or support ; hence, the Consoler 
Comforter, or Intercessor. — Pearson. [A term applied tc 
the Holy Spirit.] 

PAR'A-CLoSE, n. A screen separating a chapel from the 
body of a church. — Hook. 

PAR-A-€ROS'TI€, 72. A poetical composition, in which the 
first verse contains, in order, all the letters which com 
mence the remaining verses of the poem or division. 
Brande. 

PAR-A-CY-AN'O-GEN, n. [Gr. irapa, and cyanogen.] A 
brownish-black insoluble substance, which remains after 
the decomposition of the cyanid of mercury by heat. It 
is apparently isomeric with cyanogen. — B. Silliman, Jr. 

PA-RaDE', 72.. [Fr. parade.) 1. In military affairs, the place 
where troops assemble for exercise, mounting guard, or 
other purpose. 2. Show ; ostentation ; display. 3. Pomp- 
ous procession. 4. Military order ; array. 5. State of 
preparation or defense. — Locke. 6. [Fr.] The action of 
parrying a thrust. 

PA-RaDE', v. t. 1. To assemble and array or marshal in 
military order. 2. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious 
manner. 

PA-Ra.DE', v. i. 1. To assemble and be marshaled in mili- 
tary order. 2. To go about in military procession. 3. To 
walk about for show. 

PA-RaD'ED, pp. Assembled and arrayed. 

PAR'A-DIGM (par'a-dim), n. [Gr. -napaoeiypa.) An exam- 
ple ; a model. — In grammar, an example of a verb conju- 
gated in the several modes, tenses, and persons. 

PAR-A-DIG-MATIC, \a. Exemplary.— More. [LittU 

PAR-A-DIG-MAT'I€-AL, 5 used.) 

PAR-A-DIG-MATIC, 72. In Church history, a term applied to 
those writers who narrated the lives of religious persons, 
by way of examples of Christian character. — Brande. 

PAR.-A-DIG'MA-TlZE, v. t. To set forth as a model or ex- 
ample. — Hammond. [Little used.) 

PA-RaD'ING, ppr. Assembling and arraying in due order , 
making an ostentatious show. 

FA-RID'ING, it. The act of making a parade. 

PAR'A-DlSE, 7i. [Gr. napa8eioos-] 1. The garden of Eden 
in which Adam and Eve were placed immediately aftei 
their creation. — Milton. 2. A place of bliss ; a region of 
supreme felicity or delight. — Milton. 3. Heaven, the bliss- 
ful seat of sanctified souls after death. — 4. Primarily, m 
Persia, a pleasure-garden with parks and other append 
ages. 

PAR-A-DIS'E-A, n. pi. A genus of passerine birds, called in 
English, birds of Paradise. 

PAR-A-DI-Sl'A€-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to Eden or Paradise, 
or to a place of felicity. 2. Suiting paradise ; like para- 
dise. Paradisean, paradisiac, paradisic, and paradisial, are 
not used. 

PAR'A-DOX, n. [Fr. paradoxe.] A tenet or proposition con 
trary to received opinion, or seemingly absurd, yet truo 
in fact. 

PAR-A-DOXIC-AL, a. 1. Having the nature of a paradox. 
2. Inclined to tenets or notions contrary to received oph> 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fec, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



PAR 



715 



PAR 



PAR-A-DOX'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a paradoxical manner, or 
in a manner seemingly absurd. — Collier. 

PAR-A-DOX'IC-AL-NESS, n. State of being paradoxical. 

t PAR-A-DOX-OL'O-gY, n. [paradox, and Gr. Xoyog-] The 
use of paradoxes. — Brown. 

PAR'A-DROME, n. [Gr. izapabponn-] A gallery or passage 
without any covering overhead. — Ash. 

PARAF-FlNE, n. [L. parum and affinis.] A tasteless, ino- 
dorous, fatty matter, fusible at 112°, derived from the dis- 
tillation of the tar of beech-wood. It is named from its 
little affinity for other substances. — Brande. 

PAR-A-Go'GE, n. [Gr. izapaywyr).] I n grammar, the addi- 
tion of a letter or syllable to the end of a word. 

PAR-A-GOG'IG, \a. Pertaining to a paragoge ; length- 

PAR-A-GOg'I€-AL, J ening a word by the addition of a 
letter or syllable. 

PARA-GON, n. [Fr. parang on; Sp. paragon.] 1. A model 
or pattern ; a model by way of distinction, implying supe- 
rior excellence or perfection. 2. A companion ; a fellow ; 
[obs.] 3. Emulation ; a match for trial ; [obs.] 

PARA-GON, v. t. [Sp. paragonar.] 1. To compare ; to par- 
allel ; [little used.] 2. To equal ; [little used.] 

PARA-GON, v. i. To pretend comparison or equality. 
[Little used.] 

PARA-GRAM, n. [Gr. itapay paup.a.] A play upon words, 
or a pun. — Addison. 

PAR-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A punster.— Addison. 

PARA-GRAPH (par'a-graf), n. [It. paragrafo ; Fr. para- 
graphed] A distinct part of a discourse or writing ; any 
portion or section of a writing or chapter which relates to 
a particular point, whether consisting of one sentence or 
many sentences. A paragraph is sometimes marked thus, 
IT ; but, more generally, a paragraph is distinguished only 
by a break in the composition or lines. 

PAR'A-GRAPH, v. t. To form or write paragraphs. 

PARA-GRAPHED, pp. Formed or written in paragraphs. 

PAR-A-GRAPH'IC, )a. Consisting of paragraphs or 

PAR-A-GRAPH'IC-AL, i short divisions, with breaks. 

PAR.A-GRAPH'I€-AL-LY, adv. By paragraphs : with dis- 
tinct breaks or divisions. 

PAR-A-LElP'SIS, > n. [Gr. napaXtiipii.] In rhetoric, a pre- 

PAR-A-LIP'SIS, ) tended or apparent omission ; a figure 
by which a speaker pretends to pass by what at the same 
time he really mentions. 

PAR-A-LI-POM'E-NA, n. pi. [Gr. napaXeinw.] Things omit- 
ted ; a supplement containing things omitted in the pre- 
ceding work ; a name of the two books of Chronicles. 

PAR-AL-L AC'TIC, ? a. Pertaining to the parallax of a 

PAR-AL-LAC'TIC-AL, j heavenly body. 

PARAL-LAX, n. [Gr. -napaWaliS ■] In astronomy, the change 
of place in a heavenly body in consequence of being view- 
ed from different points. 

PARAL-LEL, a. [Gr. irapaWyXoS-] — m geometry, a term 
applied to lines or surfaces extended in the same direc- 
tion, and in all parts equally distant. 2. Having the same 
direction or tendency ; running in accordance with some- 
thing. 3. Continuing a resemblance through many par- 
ticulars ; like ; similar ; equal in all essential parts. 

PAR'AL-LEL, n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole ex- 
tent, is equidistant from another line. 2. A line on the 
globe marking the latitude. 3. Direction conformable to 
that of another line. 4. Conformity continued through 
many particulars, or in all essential points ; resemblance ; 
likeness. 5. Comparison made. 6. Any thing equal to or 
resembling another in all essential particulars. 

PARAL-LEL, v. t. 1. To place so as to keep the same di- 
rection, and at an equal distance from something else. 2. 
To level ; to equal. 3. To correspond to. 4. To be equal 
to ; to resemble in all essential points. 5. To compare. 

PARAL-LEL-A-BLE, a. That may be equaled. [Rare.] 

PARAL-LEL.ED, pp. Leveled ; equaled ; compared. 

PARAL-LEL-ISM, n. 1. State of being parallel.— More. 2. 
Resemblance; equality of state ; comparison. — Warton. 

PAR'AL-LEL-LY, adv. In a parallel manner ; with paral- 
lelism. — Scott. 

PAR-AL-LEL'O-GRAM, n. [Gr. to/^Aa^Ao? and ypanua.] 
1. In geometry, a right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose 
opposite sides are parallel and equal. — 2. In common use, 
this word is applied to quadrilateral figures of more length 
than breadth. — Parallelogram of forces, a phrase denoting 
the composition of forces, or the finding of a single force 
which shall be equivalent to two or more given forces 
when acting in eiven directions. — Hebert. 

PAR-AL-LEL-0-GRAM'I€, \a. Having the properties 

PAR-AL-LEL-0-GRAM'I€-AL, j of a parallelogram. 

PAR-AL-LEL-O-Pl'PED, n. \ parallel, and Gr. cxi and -eSov.] 
In geometry, a regular solid comprehended under 6ix par- 
allelograms, tbe opposite ones of which are similar, paral- 
lel, and equal to each other, or it is a prism whose base is 
a parallelogram. 

PAR-AL-LEL-O-PIP'ED-ON. n, A parallelopiped, which 
see. — Hutton. 

*PA-RAL'0-GlSM, n. [Gr. irapoloyicuos.] In logic, a reas- 



oning which is false in point jf form ; i. e., in which a 
conclusion is drawn from premises which do not logically 
warrant it. — Brande. 

PA-RAL'O-GiZE, v. i. To reason falsely.— Ashe. 

PA-RAL'OgY, n. False reasoning. — Brown. 

PA-RAL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. rrapaXvaiS.] Palsy ; an abolition of 
function, whether of intellect, special sensation, voluntary 
motion, common sensation, or sympathetic motion. 

PAR-A-LYTIC, \a. 1. Affected with palsy. 2. Inclined 

PAR-A-LYTIC-AL, J or tending to palsy. 

PAR-A-LYTIC, n. A person affected with palsy.— Hall. 

PAR'A-LYZE, v. t. [Gr. irapaXvu).] To affect with palsy. 

PAR'A-LYZ-ED, pp. or a. Affected with palsy. 

PARA-LYZ-1NG, ppr. or a. Palsying ; destroying function. 

PA-RAM'E-TER, n. [Gr. irapanErpeo).] 1. In conic sections, 
a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate. — 
In the parabola, a third proportional to any absciss and its 
ordinate. — The parameter is sometimes called the latus 
rectum. — 2. In a general sense, in geometry, the constant 
quantity which enters into the equation of a curve. — 
Brande. 

PAR'A-MOUNT, a. [Norm, peramont.] 1. Superior to all 
others ; possessing the highest title or jurisdiction ; as, 
lord paramount, the chief lord of the fee, or of lands, tene- 
ments, and hereditaments. 2. Eminent ; of the highest 
order. 3. Superior to all others. 

PARA-MOUNT, n. The chief; the highest in rank. 

PAR'A-MoUR, n. [Fr.] 1. A lover ; a wooer. 2. A mis- 
tress. 

PAR-A-NAPH'THA-LINE, n. [Gr. napa, and naphthaline.] 
A substance closely resembling naphthaline, and, appar- 
ently, a mixture of paraffine and naphthaline. — Brande. 

PA-RAN'THINE. See Scapolite. 

PARA-NYMPH, n. [Gr. napa and wfx^r}.] 1. A bridemau ; 
one who leads the bride to her marriage. 2. One who 
countenances and supports another. 

PARA-PEGM (paria-pem), n. [Gr. irapa-rjytia.] A braz^a 
table fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamations 
were anciently engraved ; also, a tablet publicly exposed 
on which were astronomical phenomena, as eclipses 
seasons, <fcc. 

PAR'A-PET, 7i. [Fr.; Sp. parapeto.] 1. In fortification, «» 
wall, rampart, or elevation of earth for covering soldiers 
from an enemy's shot. — 2. La common language, a breast 
wall raised on the edge of a bridge, quay, &c, to prevent 
people from falling over. — Brande. 

PARAPH, n. [Gr. rtapa and ol-jtw.] In diplomatics, the 
figure formed by the flourish of the pen after the signa- 
ture. — Brande. 

PAR-A-PHER'NAL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in para- 
pherna. 

PAR-A-PHER-Na'LI-A, in. pi. [Gr. -xapafopva.} 1. Th3 

PAR A-PHER'NA, £ clothing, jewels, ornaments, &c, 

which a wife brings with her at her marriage, or which 
she possesses beyond her dower. Hence, 2. Appendages ; 
ornaments ; trappings. 

PAR-A-PHI-Mo'SIS, n. [Gr. TtapacpiuuciS-] A disease when 
the prepuce can not be drawn over the glans. 

PAR-A-PHo'NI-A, n. [Gr. napa and <j>iovn-] Alteration oi 
voice. — Brande. 

PARA-PHRaSE, n. [Gr. irapatppaoiS-] An explanation oi 
some text or passage in a book, in a more clear and ample 
manner than is expressed in the words of the author. 

PAR'A-PHRXSE, v. t. To explain, interpret, or translate 
with latitude ; to unfold the sense of an author with 
more clearness and particularity than it is expressed in 
his own words. 

PAR'A-PHRaSE, v. i. To interpret or explain amply ; to 
make a paraphrase. — Felton. 

PAR'A-PHRaS-ED, pp. Amply explained or translated. 

PAR'A-PHRaS-ING, ppr. Explaining or translating amply 
and freely. 

PARA-PHRAST, n. [Gr. TrapaQpacrrjS-] One who para 
phrases. — Hooker. 

PAR-A-PHRAST'IC, \ a. Free, clear, and ample in ex- 

PAR-A-PHRAST'I€-AL, ) planation ; not verbal or literal. 

PAR-A-PHRAST'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a paraphrastic manner. 

PAR-A-PHRE-Nl'TIS, n. [Gr. -napa and ipevtris-] An in- 
flammation of the diaphragm. — Arbuthnot. 

PAR'A-PLE-GY, ) n. [Gr. napa and TrA^.] That liind of 

PAR-A-PLe'gI-A, > palsy which affects the upper or lower 
half of the body. 

PAR-A-QUET' (par-a-kep, } n. A small species of parrot 

PAR-A-QUl'TO (par-a-ke'to), j — Shah. See Parbakeet. 

PAR'A-SANG, n. A Persian measure of length, which He- 
rodotus states to be thirty stadia, nearly four English 
miles ; but, in different times and places, it has been 3Q 
40, or 60 stadia. — P. Cyc. 

PAR-A-SCeNE', ) n. [Gr. tto pa and cKrivrj.] Among the 

PAR-A-SCe'NI-UM, > Romans, an apartment in the baci 
part of a theatre, used by the actors for robing and unrob- 
ing themselves. — Elmes. 

PAR-A-SCEU-AS'T1€ (-su-as'tik), a. Preparatory. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cll as SH ; THas in this, t Obsolete. 



PAR 



716 



PAR 



VA-KA-SCe'VE, iu [Gr.nupcHJKtvt].] Preparation; the Sab- 
bath-eve of the Jews. — Chalmers. 

PAR-A-SE-Lii'NE, n. ; pi. Paraselene. {Gr. -rrapa and oc- 
Xnvn.] A mock moon ; a luminous ring or circle encom- 
passing the moon. 

PAR'A-SlTE, n. (Gr. irapaoiTo;.] 1. Literally, one who 
dines with others. — In Greece, the term was first applied 
to one whose office was to gather of the husbandman the 
corn allotted for public sacrifices. It had afterward the 
modern sense. — 2. In modern usage, a trencher friend ; one 
who frequents the tables of the rich, and earns his wel- 
come by flattery ; a hanger-on ; a fawning flatterer or 
sycophant. — 3. In botany, a plant obtaining nourishment 
immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, 
and whose juices it absorbs. It is different from an epi- 
phyte, which see. — 4. In entomology, a term applied to in- 
sects which, in some stage of their existence, eat the bodies 
or eggs of other insects, and frequently destroy them. — In 
zoology, a term applied to animals which live on the 
bodies of other animals, as lice, &c. ; and also to those 
birds which seize on the nests of other birds for their 
habitation. 

PAR-A-SITTC. ?a. 1. Flattering; wheedling; fawning 

PAR-A-SITTG-AL, J for bread or favors. 2. Growing as a 
parasite grows. 3. Living on some other body ; as, a. par- 
asitic animal. 

PAR-A-SITTC-AL-LY. adv. In a flattering or wheedling 
manner ; by dependence on another. 

PAR'A-SIT-ISM. n. The behavior or manners of a parasite. 

PAR'A-SOL, n. [Fr. ; Sp.J A small umbrella used by ladies 
to defend themselves from rain, or their faces from the 
sun's rays. 

PAR-A-SOL-ETTE', n. A small parasol or sun-shade. 

PAR-A-SY-NEX'IS, n. [Gr.] An unlawful meeting. 

PAR-A-TAX'IS, n. [Gr.] The opposite of syntax ; the mere 
ranging of prepositions one after another without con- 
nection or dependence. — Brande. 

PA-RATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. TrapadeaiS.] 1. In grammar, the 
placing of two or more nouns in the same case or in ap- 
position. 2. A parenthetical notice printed thus, []. 

PA-RAT'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. napa, about, and t£[xvu, to cleave.] 
In mineralogy, having the faces of cleavage of an indeterm- 
inate number. 

PAR-A-VaIL', a. [Norm, par and availe.] In feudal law, the 
tenant par avail is the lowest tenant holding under a mean 
or mediate lord. 

tPAR'A-VANT, \adv. [Fr. par and avant.] In front; pub- 

tPAR'A-VlUNT, 5 licly.— Spenser. 

PaR'BOIL, v. t. [Fr. parbouillir.] 1. To boil in part ; to boil 
in a moderate degree. 2. To cause little vesicles on the 
skin by means of heat. 

PiR'BOIL^D, pp. or a. Boiled moderately or in part. 

tPAR'BREIK, v. i. or v. t. To vomit.— Skelton. 

tPXR'BREAK, n. Vomit.— Spenser. 

PiR'BU€K-LE, n. Among seamen, a purchase, formed of a 
single rope around any weighty body, as a spar or cask, 
by which it is lowered or hoisted. — As a verb, to hoist or 
lower by means of a parbuckle. — Totten. 

PaR'CEL, n. [Fr. parcelle.] 1. A part ; a portion of any 
thing taken separately. 2. A quantity ; any ma6s. 3. A 
part belonging to a whole. 4. A small bundle or package 
of goods. 5. A number of persons, [in contempt.] — Shah. 
6. A number or quantity, [in contempt.] 

PaR'CEL. v. t. 1. To divide into parts or portions. 2. To 
make up into a mass. — Shah. ; [little used.] — To parcel a 
rope, in seamen's language, to wind tightly around it strips 
of tarred canvas. — Totten. 

I PaR'CEL, a. Part or half; as, a parcel bawd, a parcel poet. 

PaR'CELSD, pp. Divided into portions. 

PaR'CEL-ING, ppr. Dividing into portions. 

PaR/CEL-ING, n. Among seamen, long, narrow slips of 
canvas daubed with tar and bound about a rope like a 
bandage, before it is sewed. 

PaR'CE-NA-RY, 7i. [Norm, parcenicr.] Coheirship ; the 
holding or occupation of lands of inheritance by two or 
more persons. 

PAR'CE-NER, n. [Scot. parsenere; Norm. parconnier.] Par- 
cener or coparcener is a coheir, or one who holds lands 
by descent from an ancestor in common with another or 
with others, as when land descends to a man's daughters, 
Bisters, aunts, cousins, or their representatives. In this 
case, all the heirs inherit as parceners or coheirs. 

PaRCH, v. t. 1. To burn the surface of a thing ; to scorch. 
2. To dry to extremity. — J>ryden. 

PaE.CH, v. i. 1. To be scorched or superficially burned. — 
Mortimer. 2. To become very dry. 

PaRCH-ED (parcht), pp. or a. Scorched; dried to ex- 
tremity. 

PaRCH'ED-NESS, n. The state of being scorched or dried 
to extremity. 

P ARCHING, ppr. 1. Scorching ; drying to extremity. 2. 
a. Having the quality of burninsr or drying. 

PaRCH'ING-LY, adv. So as to parch. 



PaRCH'MENT, n. [Fr. parche*nin.] The skin of a sheep or 
goat dressed or prepared, and rendered fit for writing on. 

PaRCH'MENT-MaK'ER, n. One who dresses skins foi 
parchment. 

f PaR'CI-TY, n. [Fr. parciti, ; L. parcitas.] Sparingness. 

PXRD, 7i. [L. pardus.] The leopard ; or, in poetry, any 
spotted beast Instead of pard, we generally use leopard, 
the lion-pard. Pardale, from the Latin pardalis, is not 
used. 

PaR'D ON (par'dn), v. t. [Fr. par donner.] 1. To grant for- 
giveness of, as an offense or crime. 2. To grant remis- 
sion of, as a penalty. 3. To accept an excuse, as for a 
fault.— 4. Pardon me is a phrase used when one asks lor 
excuse, or makes an apology, and it is often used in this 
sense when a person means civilly to deny or contradict 
what another affirms. — Syn. To forgive ; absolve ; excuse ; 
remit ; acquit. 

PaR'D ON, n. 1. Forgiveness ; the release of an offense or 
of the obligation of the offender to suffer a penalty, or tc 
bear the displeasure of the offended party. 2. Remission 
of a penalty. 3. Forgiveness received. 

PaR'D ON-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be pardoned. 2. Ve- 
nial ; excusable ; that may be forgiven, overlooked, or 
passed by. 

PaR'D ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being pardon- 
able ; venialness ; susceptibility of forgiveness. 

PaR'DON-A-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; 
venially ; excusably. — Dryden. 

PaR'D ON ED, pp. or a. Forgiven ; excused. 

PaR'D ON-ER, n. 1. One who forgives ; one who absolves 
an offender. 2. One who sells the pope's indulgences. 

PaR'D ON-ING, ppr. or a. Forgiving; remitting an offense 
or crime ; absolving from punishment. 

PaRE, v. t. [Fr. parer.] 1. To cut off, as the superficial 
substance or extremities of a thing ; to shave off with a 
_sharp instrument. 2. To diminish by little and little. 

PaR£D, pp. or a. Freed from any thing superfluous on the 
surface or at the extremities. 

PAR-E-GOR'I€, a. [Gr. -rtaprjYopiKos-] Mitigating; assuag- 
ing pain. 

PAR-E-GOR1C, n. A medicine that mitigates pain ; an an- 
odyne. Encyc. — Paregoric, or paregoric elixir, a camphor- 
ated tincture of opium flavored with aromatics. 

PA-REL'€ON, n. [Gr. iraptXKU.] In grammar, the addition 
of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or 
adverb. 

PA-REM'BO-LE, n. [Gr. 7rapeu6oXv-] In rhetoric, the inser- 
tion of something relating to the subject in the middle of 
a period, with which it does not grammatically cohere. 

PA-REN'€HY-MA, n. [Gr. i^aptyxvpa.] 1. In anatomy, the 
solid and interior part of the viscera, or the substance con- 
tained in the interstices between the blood-vessels of the 
viscera ; a spongy substance. — 2. In botany, the pith or 
pulp of plants. 

PAR-EN-€HYM'A-TA, n. pi. The order of entozoa, or those 
species in which the body is filled with a cellular sub- 
stance, the only alimentary organ being ramified canals, 
distributing nourishment to its different points, and in 
most originating from visible suckers. 

PAR-EN-€HYM'A-TOUS, \a. Pertaining to parenchyma; 

PA-REN'-GHY-MOUS, $ spongy ; soft ; porous. 

PA-REN'E-SIS, n. [Gr. TrapaivtoiS-] Persuasion ; exhorta 
tion.— Diet. [Little used.] 

PAR-E-NET'll^AL, } a ' Hortatorv >' encouraging.— Potter. 

P IR'ENT, n. [L. parens.] 1. A father or mother ; he or she 
who produces young. 2. That which produces ; cause ; 
source. The pronunciation pay'rent is erroneous. 

PaR'ENT-AGE, n. [Fr.] Extraction; birth; condition with 
respect to the rank of parents. — Shak. 

PA-RENTAL, a. [It. parentale.] 1. Pertaining to parents. 
2. Becoming parents ; tender ; affectionate. 

PA-RENTAL-LY, adv. Like a parent 

PAR-ENT-A'TION, n. [from L. parento.] Something done 
or said in honor of the dead. — Potter. 

PA-REN'THE-SIS, n. [Gr. xapeveeois.] A sentence, or cer- 
tain words inserted in a sentence, which interrupt the 
sense or natural connection of words, but serve to ex- 
plain or qualify the sense of the principal sentence. The 
parenthesis is usually included in hooks or curved lines, 
thus, ( ). 

PAR-EN-THET1C, \ a. 1. Pertaining to a parenthesis ; 

PAR-EN-THETI€-AL, J expressed in a parenthesis. 2. 
Using parentheses. 

PAR-EN-THETIC-AL-LY, adv. In a parenthesis ; by way 
of parenthesis. — Bryant. 

PA-RENT'I-CIDE, n. [L. parens and cado.] One who lulls 
a parent. — Bailey. 

PaR'ENT-LESS, a. Deprived of parents. 

PaR'ER, n. He or that which pares ; an instrument for 
paring. — Tusser. 

fPAR'ER-GY, ii. [Gr. ixapa and tpyov.] Something unim- 
portant, or done by-the-by— Brown. 



Set Synopsis. A, K, I, &c„ long.—x, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



PAR 



17 



PAR 



PiR G AS-ITE. n. A mineral having much lustre ; a variety 

of hornblende. 
PaR'6ET, n. [Sp. parckc.] 1. Gypsum or plaster stone ; 

fobs.) 2. Plaster laid on roofs or walls ; [obs.] 3. Paint ; 
obs.)— 4. In present architectural usage, parget denotes the 
rough plaster used for lining chimney-flues. — Gwilt. 

PaR'gET, v.t. 1. To plaster walls. 2. To paint ; to cover 
with paint. — Ben Jonson. 

PaR'6ET-ED, pp. Plastered; stuccoed 

PaR'GET-ER, n. A plasterer. 

PaR'GET-ING, ppr. Plastering ; as a noun, plaster or 
stucco. 

PaR-HeL'ION (-hel'yun), n. ; pi. Parhelia. [Gr. napa and 
ijAtoj.] A mock sun or meteor, appearing in the form of 
_a bright light near the sun. 

Pa'RI-AH, n. The name of the lowest class of people in 
Hindostan, who have, properly speaking, no caste ; an 
outcast. 

PA-Rl'AL, \n. Three of a sort in certain games of 

PaIR'-ROY'AL, 5 cards.— Butler. 

Pa/RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Paros, an isle in the Egean Sea ; 
as, Parian marble. — Parian chronicle, a chronicle of the 
city of Athens, engraven on marble in capital letters in 
theisle of Paros ; also called Arundelian marbles. 

PA-Rl'E-TAL, a. [L. paries.) 1. Pertaining to or within the 
wall3 of a building. 2. The parietal bones form the sides 
and upper part of the skull. Parr. — 3. In botany, a term 
applied to any organ which grows from the inner lining 
or wall of another. — Lindley. 

PA-Rl'E-TA-RY, n. [Fr. parietaire.) An herb, wall pellitory. 

\ PA-Rl'E-TINE, n. [L. paries.) A piece of a wall. 

PARING, ppr. Cutting or shaving off the extremities of a 
thing. 

PARING, n. 1. That which is pared off ; rind separated 
from fruit ; a piece clipped off. 2. The act or practice of 
cutting off the surface of grass land, for tillage. 

PJRl PAS'SU. [L.] With equal pace, or progress. 

PARIS, n. A plant, herb Paris, or true-love. 

PARISH, n. [Fr. paroisse ; It. parrocchia.) 1. The precinct 
or territorial jurisdiction of a secular priest or ecclesiastic- 
al society, or the precinct, the inhabitants of which be- 
long to the same church. — 2. In some of the American states, 
parish is an ecclesiastical society not bounded by territo- 
lial limits. In Louisiana the state is divided into parishes, 
which correspond to counties. 

PARISH, a. 1. Belonging to a parish. 2. Employed in the 
spiritual or ecclesiastical concerns of a parish, as the priest. 
— Dry den. 3. Maintained by the parish. 

PARISH €LERK, n. A layman who leads in the respon- 
ses, and otherwise assists in the Episcopal service. 

PA-RISH'ION-ER n. One who belongs to a parish. 

PA-RIS'IAN, n. A native or resident of Pari3. 

PAR-I-SYL-LAB'I€, \ a. [L. par and syllaba.) A term 

PAR-I-SYL-LAB'I€-AL, > applied to a word which has the 
same number of syllables in all its inflections. 

PAR/I-TOR, n. [for apparitor.] A beadle; a summoner of 
the courts of civil law. — Dry den. 

PAR'I-TY, n. [Fv.parite; It.parild.) 1. Equality. 2. Equal- 
ity ; like state or degree. 

PARK, n. [Sax. parruc, pearruc ; Scot, parrok ; W. pare ; 
Fr. pare ; It. parco ; Sp. parque.) 1. A piece of ground in- 
closed for chase or other purposes. — Parks, in England, 
were originally grants out of forest lands, with privileges 
which lasted only while they were kept inclosed. — Smart. 
2. An inclosed place in cities for exercise or amusement. 
'-Park of artillery, an assemblage of the heavy ordnance 
belonging to an army, with its carriages, ammunition, 
wagons, and stores, on ground contiguous to that occupied 
by the troops when encamped.— Brande. 

PaRK, v. t. 1. To inclose in a park.— Shak. 2. To bring 
together in a park or compact body ; as, to park the artil- 
lery.— Cutler. 

r'ARK.ED (parkt), pp. Inclosed in a park ; brought togeth- 
er in a park. 

PaRK'ER, n. The keeper of a park. 

PaRK'Le AVES, n. A plant, tutsan, allied to St John's wort 

PaR'LANCE, n. [Norm. ; Fr. parler.) Conversation ; dis- 
course ; talk. — Woodeeon. 

\ PARLE (pari), n. Conversation ; talk ; oral treaty or dis- 
cussion. — Shale. 

(PaRLE, v. i. [Fr. parler.) To talk; to converse; to dis- 
cuss any thing orally. — Shak. 

PaR'LEY, v. i. [ Fr. parler; It. parlare.) To confer with on 
some point of mutual concern ; to discuss orally ; hence, 
to confer with an enemy ; to treat with by words. 

PaR'LEY, n. Mutual discourse or conversation ; discus- 
sion ; but appropriately, a conference with an enemy in 
war. — To beat a parley, in military language, is to make a 
signal with a drum or trumpet for holding a parley or 
conference. 

PAR'LIA-MENT (parle-ment), n. [Fr. parlement; Sp„ It, 
Port parlamento.) 1. In Great Britain, the grand assem- 
bly of the three estates, the lords spiritual, lords temporal, 



and the commons ; the general council of the nation con- 
stituting the legislature.— 2. The supreme council of Sice- 
den, consisting of four estates the nobility, the clergy, 
the burghers, and the peasants.— 3. In France, before the 
revolution, the title of certain high courts of justice.— 
Brande. 

PaR-LIA-MENT-a'RI-AN, ? 7i. One of those who adhered 

PaR-LIA-MENT-EER', j to the Parliament in the time 
of Charles I. 

PaR-LIA-MENT-a'RI-AN, a. Serving the Parliament in op- 
position to King Charles I. — Wood. 

PXR-LIA-MENTA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to parliament 2. 
Enacted or done by parliament 3. According to the rules 
and usages of parliament, or to the rules andT customs of 
legislative bodies. 

PiR'LOR, n. [Fr. parloir.) Primarily, the apartment in a 
nunnery where the nuns are permitted to meet and con- 
verse with each other ; hence, with us, the room in a 
house which the family usually occupy, and where they 
receive common visitors, as distinguished from a drawing- 
room set apart for the reception of company, or from a 
dining-room, when a distinct apartment is a.lotted for 
that purpose. In many houses the parlor is also the din- 
ing-room. 

t PaR'LOUS, a. [Fr. parler.) Keen ; sprightly ; waggish 

t PaR'LOUS-NESS, n. Quickness ; keenness of temper. 

PaR-MA-CIT'Y, n. A corruption of spermaceti, which see. 

PaR-ME-SAN'-CHEESE, n. [Fr. Parmesan.) A delicaUi 
sort of cheese, made at Parma, in Italy. 

PaR-NAS'SI-AN (-nash'e-an), a. Pertaining to Parnassus 

PaPl-NAS'SUS, n. A celebrated mountain in Greece, con- 
sidered in mythology as sacred to Apollo and the Muses. 

tPXR'NEL, n. [the diminutive of It. pctron clla.) A wanton, 
immodest girl ; a slut. 

PA-Ro'€HI-AL, a. [L. parochia.) Belonging to a parish 

PA-RO-CHI-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being parochial. 

PA-Ro'€HI-AL-LY. adv. In a parish ; by parishes. 

PA-Ro'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to a parish. — Bacon. 

PA-Ro'€HI-AN, n. A parishioner. — Burghley. 

PA-ROD'ICAL s a ' Copying after the manner of parody. 

PAR'O-DIST, n. One who makes parodies. 

PAR'O-DY, ?2. [Fr. parodie.) 1. A kind of writing in which 
the words of an author or his thoughts are, by some slight 
alterations, adapted to a different purpose ; a kind of po- 
etical pleasantry, in which verses written on one subject 
are altered and applied to another by way of burlesque. 
2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. — Encyc. 

PAR'O-DY, v. t. To alter, as verses or words, and apply to 
a purpose different from that of the original. — Pope. 

PA-RoL', ? 7i. [W. paryl ; It. parola ; Fr. parole.) 1. Prop- 

PA-RoLE', 5 erly, a word ; hence, in a legal se'nsc, words 
eclaration ; word of mouth. 2. Pleadings in a 



or oral < 

suit. 
PA-RoL', 
PA-R5LE', 



Given by word of mouth ; oral ; not writ- 
ten. — Blackstone. 

PA-R5LE', 7i. [See Parol.] 1. Word of mouth. — In milita- 
ry affairs, a promise given by a prisoner of war, when he 
has leave to depart from custody, that he will return at 
the time appointed, unless discharged. 2. A word given 
out every day in orders by a commanding officer, in camp 
or garrison, by which friends may be distinguished from 
enemies. 

PAR-O-NO-Ma'SIA, In. [from Gr. Trapavofieco, to transgress 

PAR-O-NOM'A-SY, } law or rule.] A play on words ; a 
rhetorical figure, by which the same word is used in dif- 
ferent senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposi- 
tion to each other, so as to give a kind of antithetical force 
to the sentence. — Brande. 

PAR-O-NO-MAS'TIC, \a. Pertaining to paronomasy; 

PAR-O-NO-MAS'TIC-AL, $ consistingin a play upon words. 

PAR-0-NY€H'I-A, n. [Gr. Trapwwxia.) In surgery, a whit- 
low or felon. — Ena/c. 

PA-RONY-MOUS, a. ' [Gr. TrapwvvfioS .) A term applied to 
words of the same derivation ; kindred. — Walts. 

PAR'O-QUET, > 72. A small species of parrot See Parri- 

PAR'O-KET, J keet. 

PA-ROTTD, a. [Gr. xapa and ovS. wra.) Pertaining to, or 
denoting, certain elands below and before the ears, or near 
the articulation of the lower jaw. 

PA-Ro'TIS, 72. [Gr. tm^ti?.] The parotid gland; a secret 
ing salivary conglomerate gland below and before the ear 

PAR'OX-YSM, n. [Gr. Trapolvanoi.) A tit of any disease. 
When a disease occurs by fits, with perfect intermissions 
or suspensions, such fits are termed paroxysms. 

PAR-OX- YS'MAL, a. 1. Pertaining to paroxysm. 2. Caused 
by paroxysms or fits. — Hitchcock. 

PAR'QUET-RY, 72. [from Fr. parquet.) A species of joinery 
or cabinet work, consisting in making an inlaid floor com 
posed of small pieces of wood of different figures. — Elmes. 

PARR tj. A name applied, in most parts of England ana 
Scotland, to the yc ung of the salmon up to near the end 
of their second year. — Brande. 



X)d VE ,— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; cH as SH , TH as in tf is. t Obsolete. 



PAR 



718 



PAR 



PAR'RA-KEET, n. A small species of parrot. 

PAR'REL, n. [Port, aparelko.] Among seamen, an apparatus 
or frame made of ropes, trucks, and ribs, so contrived as 
to go round the mast, and being fastened at both ends to 
a yard.serves to hoist it. 

PAR-RHeJSIA, n. [Gr.] Boldness or freedom of speech. 

PAR-RI-Cl'DAL, la. 1. Pertaining to parricide ; contain- 

PAR-RI-CID'I-OUS, 5 ing the crime of murdering a parent, 
patron, &c. 2. Committing parricide. 

PAR'RI-ClDE, n. [Fr. ; L. parricida.] 1. A person who 
murders his father or mother. 2. One who murders an 
ancestor, or any one to whom he owes reverence. 3. The 
murder of a parent, or one to whom reverence is due. 4. 
One who invades or destroys any to whom he owes par- 
ticular reverence, as his country or patron. 

PARHI.ED, pp. Warded off; driven aside. — Johnson. 

PAR'ROGK, n. [Sax. parruc] A croft ; a small field ; now 
corrupted into paddock. [Local.] 

PAR'ROT, n. [Fr. perroquet.] The name of birds of the ge- 
nus psittacus, of numerous species, remarkable for their 
beautiful colors, their powerful hooked bill, and their fac- 
ulty of making indistinct articulations of words in imita- 
tion of the human voice. 

PAR'ROT-FISH, n. A fish of the tropical seas, having brill- 
iant colors, and jaws resembling a parrot's bill. 

PAR'ROT- RY, n. Acting like a parrot ; servile imitation. — 
Coleridge. 

PAR'RY, v. t. [Fr. parer.] 1. In fencing; to ward off; to 
stop or to put or turn by. 2. To ward off; to turn aside ; 
to prevent a blow from taking effect. 3. To avoid; to 
shift off. 

PAR'RY, v. i. To ward off; to put by thrusts or strokes ; 
to fence. — Locke. 

PAR'RY-ING, ppr. Warding off, as a thrust or blow. 

PaRSE, v. t. [L. pars.] In grammar, to resolve a sentence 
into its elements, or to show the several parts of speech 
composing a sentence, and their relation to each other by 
government or agreement. 

PiR'SEE. n. A name given to the Persian fire-worshipers 
living in India. In Persia they are called, by the Moham- 
medans, Guebers or Guebres (i. e., giaours, infidels). Their 
sacred books are called the Zend-Avesta. 

PaR'SEE-ISM, n. The religion of the Parsees, which is sub- 
stantially that of the ancient Persians. 

PiR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Sparing in the use or expenditure 
of money. — Syn. Covetous ; niggardly ; miserly ; penuri- 
ous ; near ; close ; saving ; frugal. 

PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With a very sparing use of 
money ; covetously. 

PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. A very sparing use of money, 
or a disposition to save expense. 

PiR'SI-MO-NY, n. [L. parsimonia.] Closeness or sparing- 
ness in the use or expenditure of money. 

PXRS'ING, ppr. Resolving a sentence into its elements. 

PARSING, n. The act or art of resolving a sentence into 
its elements. 

PaRS'LEY, n. [Fr. persil.] A plant whose leaves are used 
for culinary purposes, and whose root is an aperient 

PaRS'NEP, n. A plant of the genus pastinaca, whose root 
is considered as a valuable esculent. 

PiR'SON (par'sn), n. [G. pfarrherr, pfarrer.] 1. The priest 
of a parish or ecclesiastical society ; the rector or incum- 
bent of a parish, who has the parochial charge or cure of 
souls. 2. A clergyman ; a man who is in orders or has 
been licensed to preach. 

PAR'S ON- AGE, n. 1. In America, the glebe and house be- 
longing to a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropri- 
ated to the maintenance of the incumbent or settled pas- 
tor of a church. — 2. In England, the benefice of a parish, 
or the house appropriated to the residence of the incum- 
bent. 

PaR-SONT€-AL-LY, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized 
word. 

PART, ». [L. pars, partis ; Fr. part.] 1. A portion, piece, or 
fragment separated from a whole thing. 2. A portion or 
quantity of a thing not separated in fact, but considered or 
mentioned by itself. 3. A portion or number separated or 
considered by itself. 4. A portion or component particle. 
5. A portion of man. 6. A member. 7. Particular divi- 
sion ; distinct species or sort belonging to a whole. 8. In- 
gredient in a mingled mass ; a portion in a compound. 9. 
That which falls to each in division ; share. 10. Propor- 
tional quantity. 11. Share ; concern ; interest. 12. Side ; 
party ; interest ; faction ; as, to take another's part. 13. 
Something relating or belonging to ; that which concerns ; 
as, for your part. 14. Share of lanor, action, or influence ; 
particular office or business; as, to do one's part. 15. 
Character appropriated in a play. — 16. In music, one of 
the divisions which make up the harmony or tune, as the 
treble, tenor, base, &c. 17. Action ; conduct. Shak. — 18. 
In mathematics, such a portion of any quantity as, when 
taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that 
quantity. — Parts, in the plural,_ qualities ; powers ; facul- 



ties; accomplishments. — Parts, applied to place, signifies 
quarters, regions, districts. — In good part, as well done , 
favorably ; acceptably ; in a friendly manner ; not in dis 
pleasure. — In ill part, as ill done ; unfavorably ; with dis 
pleasure. — For the most part, commonly ; oftener than oth- 
erwise. Heylin. — In part, in some degree or extent ; part- 
ly. — Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of words o* 
a particular character. 

P1RT, v. t. [L. partio ; Fr. partir.] 1. To divide, separate, 
or break ; to sever into two or more pieces. 2. To divide 
into shares ; to distribute. — Acts, ii. 3. To separate or dis- 
unite, as things which are near each other.— Ruth, i. 4. 
To keep asunder ; to separate. 5. To separate, as com- 
batants. 6. To secern ; to secrete. — 7. In seamen's lan- 
guage, to break, as a rope. 8. To separate metals. 

PART, v. i. 1. To be separated, removed, or detached. 2, 
To quit each other. 3. To take or bid farewell. 4. To 
have a share. 5. [Fr. partir.] To go away ; to depart. 6. 
To break ; to be torn asunder, as a rope.— To pan with, to 
quit ; to resign ; to lose ; to be separated from. 

PaRTA-BLE. See Partible. 

PaRTAgE. n. Division ; severance ; the act of dividing or 
sharing. — Locke. [A French word, little used.] 

PaR-TaKE', v. i. ; pret. partook ; pp. partaken, [part and 
take.] 1. To take a part, portion, or share, in common 
with others ; to have a share or part ; to participate ; to 
share. 2. To have something of the property, nature, 
claim, or right. 3. To be admitted ; not to be excluded. 
— Shak. 

PaR-TaKE', v. t. 1. To have a part in ; to share. 2. To 
admit to a part. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

PaR-TaK'jBN, pp. Shared with others ; participated. 

PaR-TaK'ER, n. 1. One who has or takes a part, share, or 
portion in common with others ; a sharer ; a participator: 
usually followed by of. 2. An accomplice ; an associate. 

PaR-TaK'ING, ppr. Sharing with others ; participating. 

PaR-TaK'ING, 11. An associating ; combination in an evil 
design. — Hale. 

PaRT'ED, pp. or a. Separated; divided; severed. — Sidney. 

PaRTER, n. One who parts or separates. 

PaR-TERRE' (par-tar'), n. [Fr.] 1. In gardening, a system 
of beds of different shapes and sizes, in which flowers are 
cultivated, connected together, with intervening spaces at 
gravel or turf for walking on.^-Brande. 2. The pit of a 
theatre. — Brande. 

PAR-THEN'I€, a. [Gr. nafiQevos.] Pertaining to the Spar- 
tan Partheniae, or sons of virgins. 

PaR'THE-NON, n. [Gr. TrapOsvos, a virgin.] A celebrated 
temple of Minerva at Athens, in Greece. 

PARTIAL (par'shal), a. [Fr. ; L. pars.] 1. Biased to one 
party ; inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side 
of a question, more than the other ; not indifferent. 2. In 
clined to favor without reason. 3. Affecting a part only • 
not general or universal ; not total. 4. More strongly in 
clined to one thing than to others; [colloquial.] — 5. In bot- 
any, subordinate. 

PIR'TIAL-IST, n. 1. One who is partial; [unusual] 2. 
One who holds that the atonement was made only for a 
part of mankind, i. e., the elect. — Murdoch. 

PiR-TIAL'I-TY (par-shal'e-ty), n. 1. Inclination to favor one 
party or one side of a question more than the other ; an un- 
due bias of mind toward one party or side, which is apt to 
warp the judgment. 2. A stronger inclination to one thing 
than to others ; [colloquial.] 

t PIR'TIAL-IZE, v. t. To render partial.— Shak. 

PiR'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With undue bias of mind to one 
party or side ; with unjust favor or dislike. 2. In part , 
not totally. 

P A.RT-1-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of division, partition, or 
severance ; separability. 

PaRT'I-BLE, a. [It. partibile.] Divisible , separable ; sus- 
ceptible of severance or partition. 

PaRTI-CEPS -CRIMI-NIS. [L.] A partaker in a crime, 
an accomplice. 

PiR-TIC'I-PA-BLE, a. That may be participated. 

PaR-TIC'I-PANT, a. Sharing; having a share or part : fol- 
lowed by of. — Wotton. 

PaR-TIC'I-PANT, n. A partaker; one having a share or 
part. — Bacon. 

PaR-TIC'I-PANT-LY, adv. As a participant. 

PaR-TIC'I-PaTE, v. i. [L. participo.] 1. To partake ; to 
have a share in common with others. 2. To have part of 
more things than one. 

PaR-TIC'I-PaTE, v. t. To partake ; to share ; to receive a 
part of. — Milton. 

PIR-TIC'1-Pa.-TED, pp. Shared in common with otaers ; 
partaken. 

PaR-TIC'I-Pa-TING, ppr. Having a part or share ; par- 
taking. 

P aR-TIC-I-PITION, n. 1. The state of sharing in common 
with others. 2. The act or state of receiving or having 
part of something. 3. Distribution ; division into shares. 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-TlVE, a. Capable of participating. 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, &c, long.—X, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR F AM , WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



PAR 



719 



PAb 



PAR-TIC'I-P^ -TOR, n. One who partakes with another. 

PaR-TI-CIP'I-AL, a. [L.participialis.] 1. Having the nature 
and use of a participle. 2. Formed from a participle. 

PXR-TI-CIP'I-AL-L Y, adv. In the sense or manner of a par- 
ticiple. 

PaRTI-CI-PLE, n. [L.participium.] 1. In grammar, a word 
so called because it partakes of the properties of a noun 
and of a verb, as having, making. 2. Any thing that par- 
ticipates of different things ; [obs.] 

>'ARTI-€LE (par'te-kl), n. [It. particola ; L. particular] 1. 
A minute part or portion of matter. — 2. In physics, a mi- 
nute part of a body, an aggregation or collection of which 
constitutes the whole body or mass. 3. Any very small 
portion or part. — 4. In the Roman Catholic Church, a crumb 
or little piece of consecrated bread ; also, the smaller 
breads distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp. 
Fittpatrick. — 5. In grammar, a word that is not varied or 
inflected. — Syn. Molecule ; corpuscle ; atom. 

PiR-TICU-LAR, a. [Sp., Port. ; It. particolare ; Fr. partic- 
ulier.] 1. Pertaining to a single person or thing ; not 
general. 2. Noting or designating a single thing by way 
of distinction. 3. Noting some property or thing peculiar. 

4. Attentive to things single or distinct. 5. Single ; not 
general. 6. Odd; singular; having something that emi- 
nently distinguishes one from others. 7. Singularly nice 
in taste. 8. Special ; more than ordinary. 9. Containing 
a part only, as an estate. — Blackstone. 10. Holding a par- 
ticular estate. Blackstone. — 11. In theology, this term was 
formerly used in reference to the Particularists, or those 
who held the doctrine of particular election, Sec, and is 
still retained in the appellation Particular Baptists. Brande. 
— Syn. Individual ; respective ; appropriate ; peculiar ; 
especial ; exact ; specific ; precise ; critical ; circumstan- 
tial; minute. 

PaR-TICU-LAR, n. 1. A single instance ; a single point. 
2. A distinct, separate, or minute part. 3. An individual ; 
a private person. — L' Estrange. 4. Private interest ; [obs.] 

5. Private character ; state of an individual ; [obs.] 6. A 
minute detail of things singly enumerated ; [obs.] — In par- 
ticular, specially ; peculiarly ; distinctly. 

PaR-TI€'U-LAR-ISM, n. The doctrine that particular indi- 
viduals only are elected to salvation. 

PiR-TI€'U-LAR-IST, n. One who holds the doctrine that 
particular individuals only are elected to salvation. 

PAR-TIC-U-LARl-TY, n. 1. Distinct notice or specification 
of particulars. — Sidney. 2. Singleness ; individuality; sin- 
gle act ; single case. 3. Petty account ; minute incident. 
4. Something belonging to single persons. 5. Something 
peculiar or singular. 6. Minuteness in detail. 

PaR-TI-G-U-LAR-I-Z a'TION, n. The act of particularizing. 

PAR-TIC'U-LAR-IZE, v. t. To mention distinctly or in par- 
ticulars ; to enumerate or specify in detail. 

PaR-TIC'U-LAR-iZE, v. i. To be attentive to single things. 

PaR-TICU-LAR-IZ^D, pp. Enumerated in detail. 

PiR-TIC'tJ-LAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Specifying minutely or in 
detail. 

PaR-TICU-LAR-LY, adv. 1. Distinctly ; singly.— South. 2. 
In an especial manner. — Dryden. 

f PaR-TIC'U-LaTE, to mention, is not in use. 

PARTING, ppr. 1. Dividing; separating; breaking in pieces. 
2. a. Given at separation. 3. Departing ; declining. 

PARTING, n, 1. Division ; separation. Ezek., xxi.— 2. In 
chemistry, an operation or process by which gold and sil- 
ver are separated from each other. Ure. — 3. In seamen's 
language, the breaking of a cable by violence. 

PaR'TI-SAN, n. [Fr.] 1. An adherent to a party or faction. 
— 2. In war, the commander of a corps of fight troops de- 
signed to surprise the enemy and carry on a desultory 
warfare. 3. A person able in commanding a party, or 
dextrous in obtaining intelligence, intercepting convoys, 
or otherwise annoying an enemy. 4. A commander's lead- 
ing staff. 5. [Fr. pertuisane.] A kind of halberd. 

PaR'TI-SAN, a. Denoting those employed in irregular war- 
fare on outposts ; as, a partisan officer or corps. 

PaRTI-SAN-SHIP, n. The state of being partisans ; adher- 
enceto a party. 

PAR'TlTE, a. [L. partitus.] In botany, divided nearly to the 

base. 
PXR-TI"TION (-tish'un), n. [L. partitio.] 1. The act of di- 
viding, or state of being divided. 2. Division ; separation ; 
distinction. 3. Separate part. — Milton. 4. That by which 
different parts are separated. 5. Part where separation is 
made. 6. Division of an estate into severalty, which is 
done by deed of partition. 
PA.R-Tl"TION, v. t. 1. To divide into distinct parts. 2. To 

divide into shares. 
PSR-Tl"TION.ED, pp. Divided into distinct parts or shares. 
PAR-Ti"TION-ING, ppr. Dividing into distinct parts. 
PaRTI-TIVE, a. In grammar, distributive. It is often used 

as a noun. 
P.'iRTI-TIVE-LY, adv. In a partitive manner; distributively. 
PaRT'LET, n. 1. A ruff; a band or collar for the neck, 
formerly worn by women, so called because it was the 



parting between the head-dress and body-dress.- 

2. A hen, so named from the ruffling of her feathers.— 

Shak. — Smart. 

PARTLY, adv. In part ; in some measure or degree ; not 
wholly. 

PARTNER n. 1. One who partakes or shares with anoth- 
er. 2. One associated with another in any business or oc- 
cupation; a joint owner of stock or capital employed in 
commerce, manufactures, or other business. 3. One who 
dances with another. 4. A husband or wife. — Syn. Asso- 
ciate ; colleague ; coadjutor ; confederate ; sharer ; par- 
taker ; spouse ; companion. 

PARTNER, v. t. To join ; to associate with a partner.- 
Shak. [Little used.] 

PARTNERS, n. pi. In a ship, a frame-work of short timber 
fitted to the hole in a deck, to receive the heel of a mas* 
or pump, &c. — R. H. Dana, Jr. 

PaRT'NER-SHIP, n. 1. The association of two or more 
persons for the purpose of undertaking and prosecuting 
any business. 2. Joint interest or property. 

PAR-TOOK', pret. of partake. 

PXR'TRlDGE, n. [Fr. perdrix.] A popular name of a con- 
siderable number of species of wild gallinaceous birds of 
the genera perdix, tetras, ortyx, &c. 

PARTRIDGE- WOOD, n. A variegated tropical wood, much 
esteemed in England for cabinet-work. 

PARTS, n. pi. 1. Qualities ; powers ; faculties ; accom- 
plishments ; frequently, remarkable mental powers. — 2> 
Applied to place, quarters ; regions; districts. 

PaR-Tu'RI-aTE, v. i. [L. parturio.] To bring forth young. 
[Little used.] 

PXR-Tu'RI-ENT, a. [L. parturiens.] Bringing forth or about 
to bring forth young. 

PiR-TU-Rl"TION (-rish'un), n. [L. parturio.] The act oi 
bringing forth or being delivered of young. 

PXRTY, n. [Fr. partie.] 1. A number of persons united in 
opinion or design, in opposition to others in the commu- 
nity. It differs from faction, in implying a less dishonora- 
ble association, or more justifiable designs. 2. One of two 
litigants ; the plaintiff or defendant in a lawsuit. 3. One 
concerned or interested in an affair. 4. Side ; persons en- 
gaged against each other. 5. Cause ; side. — Dryden. 6. 
A select company invited to an entertainment. 7. A com- 
pany made up for a given occasion ; as, a riding party. 8. 
A single person distinct from or opposed to another. — 9. 
In military affairs, a detachment or small number of troops 
sent on a particular duty, as to intercept the enemy's con- 
voy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, to flank the enemy, &c 

PSR'TY-CoL'ORED (-kullurd), a. Having divers colors. 

PaR'TY-FENCE-WALL', n. A wall separating the vacant 
ground in one occupation from that in another. — Gwilt. 

PaR'TY-Ju-RY, n. A jury consisting of half natives and 
half foreigners. 

PaR'TY-MAN, 7i. One of a party ; usually, a factious man; 
a man of violent party principles ; an abettor of a party. 

PaR'TY-SPIR'IT, n. The spirit that supports a party. 

PARTY- WALL, n. A wall that separates one house from 
the next. — Moxon. 

PARTY-ISM, n. Devotion to party. 

PA-Ru'L^ n. A gum-boil.— Brande. 

PaR'VE-Nu', n. [Fr.] An upstart, or one newly risen into 
notice. 

t PaR'VIS, n. [Fr.] A church porch ; also, a room over tho 
church porch for a school, &c. — Gwilt. 

t PAR'VI-TUDE, > T .. ., 

t PAR'VI-TY, j n ' Llttleness - 

Pa'S (pa), n. [Ft. pas.] 1. Step. 2. Right of going foremost , 
precedence. — Arbuthnot. 

t PASCH (pask), n. [Gr. iraaxa.] The passover ; the feast 
of Easter. 

PAS€H'-EGG (pask'-egg), n. An egg stained and presented 
to young persons about the time of Easter. [Local.] 

PAS€H'-FLOW-ER. See Pasque-flower. 

PAS'CHAL (pasTcal), a. Pertaining to the passover, or to 
Easter. — Paschal-flower. See Pasque-Flowek. 

t PASH, n. [Sp. faz ; L. fades.] 1. A face. 2. A blow. 

t PASH, v. t. To strike ; to strike down.— Dryden. 

PA-SHAW, n. [Pers. pashaw.] In the Turkish dominions, a 
viceroy, governor, or commander ; a bashaw. — Eaton. 

PA-SHAWLIC, n. The jurisdiction of a pashaw. 

PA-SIG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. raj and yftafrj.] A system of uni- 
versal writing, or a manner of writing that may be under- 
stood and used by all nations. — Good. 

PASQUE'-FLOW-ER (pask'-flow-er), n. A flower, a spe» 
cies of anemone, growing in Europe and Siberia, and usn- 
ally flowering about Easter. 

PAS'QUIL, n. Sometimes used for Pasqttin. 

PAS'QUIN, ti. A mutilated statue at Rome, on which it 
has been customary to paste satiric papers. It was so 
named from Pasquino, a satiric cobbler, near whose shop 
it was dug up ; hence, a lampoon. 

PAS-QUIN- \DE', \ v ' *' To lam P oon J to satirize.— Burton. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VICIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TH as in thin, t Obsolete. 



PAS 



720 



PAS 



PAS'QUIL-ANT, n. A lampooner.— Coleridge. 

PAS'Q.UIL-ER, n. A lampooner. — Burton. 

PAS-QUIN-aDE', n. A lampoon or satirical writing. 

PISS, v. i. [Fr. passer ; It. passare.] 1. To move, in almost 
any manner ; to go ; to proceed from one place to anoth- 
er. 2. To move from one state to another ; to alter or 
change, or to be changed in condition. 3. To vanish ; to 
disappear ; to be lost : commonly with away. 4. To be 
spent ; to go on or away progressively. 5. To die ; to de- 
part from life ; [little used.] 6. To be in any state ; to un- 
dergo. 7. To be enacted ; to receive the sanction of a 
legislative house or body by a majority of votes. 8. To 
be current ; to gain reception or to be generally received. 
9. To be regarded ; to be received in opinion or estima- 
tion. 10. To occur; to be present; to take place. 11. 
To be done. — Taylor. 12. To determine ; to give judg- 
ment or sentence. 13. To thrust ; to make a push in 
fencing or fighting. — Skak. 14. To omit; to suffer to go 
unheeded or neglected. 15. To move through any duct 
or opening. 16. To percolate or flow through. 17. To be 
in a tolerable state. 18. To be transferred from one own- 
er to another. 19. To go beyond bounds ; [obs.] 20. To 
run or extend, as a line or other thing. 

To come to pass, to happen ; to arrive ; to come ; to be ; to 
exist; [a phrase much used in the Scriptures.] — To pass 
away. 1. To move from sight ; to vanish. 2. To be spent; 
to be lost. — To pass by, to move near and beyond. — To pass 
on, to proceed. — To pass over, to go or move from side to 
side ; to cross. — To pass into, to unite and blend, as two 
substances or colors, in such a manner that it is impossi- 
ble to tell where one ends and the other begins. 

PISS, v. t. 1. To go beyond ; as, the sun has passed the me- 
ridian. 2. To go through or over ; as, to pass a river. 3. 
To spend ; to live through. 4. To cause to move ; ft) send ; 
as, to pass the bottle from one guest to another. 5. To 
cause to move hastily ; as, to pass one's eye. 6. To trans- 
fer from one owner to another ; to sell or assign. 7. To 
strain ; to cause to percolate ; as, to pass flour through a 
sieve. 8. To utter ; to pronounce, as an opinion. 9. To 
procure or cause to- go. — Clarendon. 10. To put an end 
to, as business. — Shak. 11. To omit ; to neglect either to 
do or to mention. 12. To transcend ; to transgress or go 
beyond. 13. To admit ; to allow ; to approve and receive 
as valid or just ; as, to pass a person's accounts. 14. To 
approve or sanction by a constitutional or legal majority 
of votes. 15. To enact ; to carry through all the forms 
necessary to give validity. 16. To impose fraudulently. 
17. To practice artfully ; to cause to succeed ; as, to pass 
a trick on a person. 18. To surpass ; to excel ; to exceed. 
19. To thrust; to make a push in fencing. Shak. — To pass 
away, to spend; to waste. — To pass by. 1. To pass near 
and beyond. 2. To overlook ; to excuse ; to forgive ; not 
to censure or punish. 3. To neglect ; to disregard. — To 
pass over. 1. To move from side to side ; to cross. 2. 
To omit ; to overlook or disregard. 

(.'aSS, n. [W. pds.] 1. A narrow passage, entrance, or ave- 
nue ; a narrow or difficult place of entrance and exit. 2. 
A. passage ; a road. — Raleigh. 3. Permission to pass, to 
go, or to come ; a license to pass ; a passport. 4. An or- 
der for sending vagrants or impotent persons to their place 
of abode. — 5. In fencing sad fighting, a thrust; a push; at- 
tempt to stab or strike. Hence, 6. A term applied to the 
manipulations of an operator in mesmerism. 7. State ; 
condition or extreme case ; extremity. 

PASS-BOOK, n. A book in which a merchant or trader 
enters the articles bought on credit, for the information of 
the purchaser. — Bouvier. 

PXSS'-KEY^-ke), n. A key for opening many locks. 

PaSS-PA-RoLE', n. [pass and parole.] In military affairs, a 
command given at the head of an army and communicated 
by word of mouth to the rear. 

PXSS'-WoRD, n. A word to be given before a person is al- 
lowed to pass ; a watch-word. 

PXSS'A-BLE, a. [It. passabile.] 1. That may be passed, 
traveled, or navigated. 2. That may be penetrated ; pen- 
etrable. 3. Current ; receivable ; that may be or is trans- 
ferred from hand to hand. 4. Popular ; well received. — 
Bacon. 5. Tolerable ; moderate. 

I'XSS'A-BLY, adv. Tolerably. 

PAsllSoJ^ A push or thrust 

PAS-SaDE', n. [Fr.] In the menage, a turn or course of a 
horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground. 

PAS'SAgE, n. [Fr. passage.] 1. The act of passing or mov- 
ing by land or water, or through the air or other sub- 
stance. 2. The time of passing from one place to anoth- 
er. 3. Road ; way ; avenue ; a place where men or things 
may pass or be conveyed. 4. A pass or encounter ; as, a 
passage at arms.— W. Scott. 5. Entrance or exit. 6. Right 
of passing. 7. Occurrence ; event ; incident ; that which 
happens. 8. A passing away; decay; [rare.] 9. Intel- 
lectual admittance ; mental reception. — Digby. 10. Man- 
ner of being conducted ; management. — Davis. 11. Part 



of a book or writing ; a single clause, place, or part ot tn- 
definite extent — '12. In music, a short portion of an air or 
tune. 13. Enactment ; the act of carrying through all the 
regular forms necessary to give validity. 14. The part of 
a building allotted for giving access to the different apart- 
ments. Brande. — Bird of passage, a bird that passes, at 
certain seasons, from one climate to another. 
PAS'S A-GER, n. [Fr.] The regular orthography of passen- 
ger, which see. 

tPAS'SANT, a. [Fr. passant] 1. In heraldry, walking. 2. 
Cursory ; careless. Barrow. — En passant (ang pas'sang). 
[Fr.] By the way ; slightly ; in haste. 

PASSED, \pp. or a. 1. Gone by ; done ; accomplished ; 

PAST, J ended. 2. Enacted; having received all the 
formalities necessary to constitute a law. 

PAS'SEN-GER, n. Literally, one who passes ; as, passengers 
over a bridge. Usually, one who travels in some estab 
lished conveyance, as a stage-coach, steam-boat, &c. 

PAS'SEN-GER FAL'CON, n. A land of migratory hawk. 
See Falcon. 

PaSS'ER, n. One who passes ; a passenger. — Rowe. 

PaSS'ER-By, n. One who goes by or near. 

PAS'SER-eS, n. pi. [L. sparrows.] See Passerine. 

PAS'SER-INE, a. [L. passer.] Pertaining to sparrows, or to 
the order of birds to which sparrows belong, the passeres. 

PAS'SER-lNES, n. pi. The order of birds to which spar- 
rows belong. They usually feed on insects, fruit, or grain, 

PAS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. passibilite.] The quality or capac- 
ity of receiving impressions from external agents ; aptness 
to feel or suffer. 

PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. passible.] Susceptible of feeling or of 
impressions from external agents. 

PAS'SI-BLE-NESS. The same as passibility. 

PASSIM. [L.] Here and there ; every where. 

PaSS'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Moving ; proceeding ; going by. 
2. a. Exceeding ; surpassing ; eminent. — 3. Adverbially 
used to enforce or enhance the meaning of another word ; 
exceedingly. 

PaSS'ING, n. The act of passing or going past. 

PXSS'ING-BELL, n. The bell that rings at the hour of 
death, originally designed to obtain prayers for the pass- 
ing soul. — Smart. 

PXSS'ING-NoTE, n. In music, a note introduced between 
two others for the purpose of softening a distance or mel- 
odizing a passage. 

t P aSS'ING-LY, adv. Exceedingly.— Wickliffe. 

PAS'SION (pash'un), n. [L. passio.] 1. The impression or 
effect of an external agent upon a body ; that which ie 
suffered or received. 2. Susceptibility of impressions 
from external agents ; [rare.] 3. Suffering ; emphatically, 
the last suffering of the Savior. 4. The feeling of the 
mind, or the sensible effect of impression ; excitement 
perturbation, or agitation of mind. 5. Violent agitation or 
excitement of mind, particularly such as is occasioned by 
an offense, injury, or insult ; hence, violent anger. 6. 
Zeal ; ardor ; vehement desire. 7. Love. 8. Eager de- 
sire, as for dress. 

t PAS'SION, v. i. To be extremely agitated.— Shak. 

PAS'SION-FLOW-ER, n. A flower and plant, so named 
from being supposed to represent, in the appendages of 
the flower, the passion of our Savior. — Loudon. 

PAS'SION-WEEK, n. The week immediately preceding 
the festival of Easter ; so called because in that week our 
Savior's passion and death took place. 

PAS'SION-A-RY, n. A book in which are described the suf- 
ferings of saints and martyrs. — Warton. 

PAS'SION-ATE, a. [It passionato.] 1. Easily moved to an- 
ger ; easily excited or agitated by injury or insult 2. 
Highly excited ; as, passionate love. 3. Expressing strong 
emotion ; as, passionate gesture. — Syn. Irascible ; ho1> 
headed ; fiery ; hot ; hasty ; impatient ; angry ; violent ; 
impassioned; vehement; ardent; animated; warm. 

f PAS'SION- ATE, v. t. To affect with passion ; to express 
passion ately . — Shak. 

PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. 1. With passion ; with strong feel- 
ing ; ardently ; vehemently. 2. Angrily ; with vehement 
resentment 

PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. 1. State of being subject to paa 
sion or anger. 2. Vehemence of mind. 

PAS'SIGNiib (pash'und), a. 1. Disordered ; violently af 
fected. — Spenser. 2. Expressing passion. — Sp?nfer. 

PAS'SION-LESS, a. 1. Not easily excited to anger ; of a 
calm temper. 2. Void of passion. 

PAS'SlVE, a. [It. passivo ; Fr.passif; L. passivus.] 1. Not 
acting; not receiving, or capable of receiving impressions 
from external agents. 2. Not opposing ; receiving or suf 
fering without resistance ; as, passive o!>edience. — Passiv* 
verb, in grammar, is a verb which expresses passion, o* 
the effect of an action of some agent ; as in L. doceor, I am 
taught. — Syn. Inactive ; inert ; quiescent ; unresisting ; 
suffering; enduring; submissive; patient. 

PAS'SIVE-LY, adv. 1. With a passive nature or temper. 2 
Without agency. 3. After the form of the passive verb. 



' See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, teng.—Z, g, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PRE Y —MARINE, BIRD ; —MOVE, BOOK. 



PAS 



721 



PAT 



PAS'SIVE-NESS, n. 1. Quality of receiving impressions 
from external agents or causes. 2. Possibility ; capacity 
of suffering. — Decay of Piety. 3. Patience ; calmness ; un- 
resisting submission. 

PAS-SIVI-TY, n. 1. Passiveness, which see ; [rare.] 2. 
The tendency of a body to persevere in a given state, ei- 
ther of motion or rest, rill disturbed by another body. 

PISSXESS, a. Having no pass or passage. — Cowley. 

PaSS'O-VER, n. [pas* and over.] 1. A feast of the Jews, in- 
stituted to commemorate the providential escape of the 
Hebrews in Egypt, when God. smiting the first-born of the 
Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites, which 
were marked with the blood of the paschal lamb. 2. The 
sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover. 

PaSS'PoRT, n. [Fr. passeport.] 1. A written license from a 
king or other proper authority, granting permission or 
safe .conduct for one to pass through Ms territories, or to 
pass from one country to another, or to navigate a partic- 
ular sea without hinderance or molestation. 2. A license 
for importing or exporting contraband goods or movables 
.without paying the usual duties. 3. That which enables 
one to pass with safety or certainty. 

PAS'SY-MeASURE (-mezh'ur), n. [It. pasamezzo.] An old, 
stately kind of dance ; a cinque-pace. 

PAST, pp. or a. from pass. 1. Gone by or beyond ; not pres- 
ent ; not future. 2. Spent ; ended ; accomplished. 

PaST, n. Ellipticalhj, past time. — Fenton. 

PAST, prep. 1. Beyond in time.— Heb., xi. 2. Having lost ; 
not possessing ; as, past feeling. 3. Beyond ; out ofreach 
of. 4. Beyond ; further than. 5. Above ; more than ; 
[obs.] 6. After ; beyond in time ; as, past six o'clock. 

PISTE, n. [Fr. pate, for paste.] 1. A soft composition of 
substances, as flour moistened with water or milk and 
kneaded, or any kind of earth moistened and formed to 
the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware. 2. 
A kind of cement made of flour and water boiled, used for 
uniting paper or other substances. 3. A fine and brilliant 
kind of glass used in making imitations of precious stones 
or gems. — 4. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in 
which other minerals are imbedded. 

PISTE, v. t. To unite or cement with paste ; to fasten with 
paste. — Watts. 

PaSTE'BoARJJ, n. A species of thick paper formed of sev- 
eral single sheets pasted one upon another, or by macer- 
ating paper and casting it in molds, &c. 

PaST'ED, pp. or a. Cemented with paste. 

PAS'TEL, n. [Fr.] 1. A plant affording a blue dye, the 
woad. 2. [Sp.] A colored crayon. See Pastil. 

PAS'TERN, n. [Fr. pdturon.] 1. The part of a horse's leg 
between the joint next the foot and the coronet of the 
hoof. 2. The human lear ; [in contempt.] 

PASTERN-JOINT, n. The joint in a horse's leg next the 
foot. 

°iS-TIC'CI5 (pas-tich'yo), n. [It.] 1. A medley ; an olio.— 
2. In painting, a picture painted by a master in a style 
dissimilar to that which he usually adopted. — Brande. 

PASTIL, >«.. [L. pastillus ; Fr. pastille.] 1. A roll of 

('AS-TlLLE', 5 paste, or a kind of paste made of different 
colors ground with gum-water, and used like a crayon. — 

2. In pharmacy, a dry composition of sweet-smelling res- 
ins, aromatic woods, &c, burned to clear and scent the 
air of a room. 3. An agreeable kind of sugar confectionery. 

PaSTiME, n. [pass and time.] That which amuses and 
serves to make time pass agreeably. Watts. — Stn. En- 
tertainment ; amusement ; recreation : diversion ; sport ; 
play. 
PXS'TlME, v. i. To sport; to use diversion. [Little used.] 
PASTOR, n. [L.from pasco, pastum ; Fr. paitre.] 1. A shep- 
herd ; one who has the care of flocks and herds. 2. A min- 
ister of the Gospel who has the charge of a church and 
congregation. — Swift. 
PaSTOR-LIKE, ? p . , „,.., 

PaS'TOP-LY s ^ ecomm ? a pastor. — Milton. 

PASTOR- AL, a. [L. pastoralis.] 1. Pertaining to shepherds ; 
as, a pastoral life. 2. Descriptive of the life of shepherds. 

3. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church. 
— Hooker. 

PXSTOR-AL, n. A poem describing the life and manners 
of shepherds, or a poem in imitation of the action of a shep- 
herd, and in which the speakers take upon themselves the 
character of shepherds ; an idyl : a bucolic. 

PaS-TO-Ra'LE, n. [It] A musical composition, in a sooth- 
ins, tender style. 

PASTOR- ATE, n. The office, state, or jurisdiction of a spir- 
itual pastor.— Toohe. 

PASTOR-LESS, a. Having no pastor. 

PASTOR-SHIP, n. The office or rank of pastor. — Bull. 

PASTRY, n. 1. Articles of food in general which are made 
of paste or dough, or of which paste constitutes a princi- 
pal ingredient, as pies, &c. 2. The place where pastry is 
made. 

PASTRY-COOK, n. One whose occupation is to make and 
sell articles of food made of paste, as pies, &c.—Arbuthnot. 



PASTUR-A-BLE, a. [from pasture.] Fit for pasture 
PASTUR-A<JE, n [Fv.pdturage.] 1. The business of feed 

ing or grazing cattle. 2. Grazing ground ; land nppropri 

ated to grazing. 3. Grass for feed." 
PASTURE (pasVyur), a. [Yr.pature, for pasture.] 1. Gras. 

for the food of cattle ; the food of cattle taken by grazing 

2. Ground covered with grass to be eaten on the spot bj 

cattle, horses, &c. 3. Human culture; education; [obs. 

-^Common of pasture, is the light of feeding cattle on an 

other's ground. 
PASTURE, v. i. To feed on grass, or to supply grass for food 
PaS'TURE. v. i. To graze ; to take food by eating grass 

from the around. — Milton. 
PASTURED, pp. Fed on grass. 
PaSTUR-IXG. ppr. Supplying with grass for food. 
PASTURE-LESS, a. Having no pasture. 
PaSTY, a. Like paste ; of the consistence of paste.— Cooper 

* PaSTY, n. [from paste.] A pie made of paste and baked 
without a dish. — Pope. 

PAT, a. [G. pass : D. pas.] Fit ; convenient ; exactly suit- 
able either as to time or place. — Swift. [Colloquial] 

PAT. adv. Fitly ; conveniently.— Ska'k. 

PAT, n. [W.fai.] 1. A light, quick blow or stroke with the 
fingers or hand. 2. A small mass which is beat into shape 
by pats ; as, a pat of butter. — Smart ; [ English use.] 

PAT, v. t. To strike gently with the fingers or hand ; to tap. 

PA-TX'CA, \n. A Spanish coin of the value of about 

PAT-A-€OON', 5 $1 04 cents. 

PA-TACHE' (pa-rash), n [Sp.] A tender, or small vessel. 

PAT-A-VIN'I-TY, n. The use of local words, or the peculiar 
style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian, who was a 
native of Patavium, now Padua. 

PATCH, n. [It. pezza.] 1. A piece of cloth sewed on a gar- 
ment to repair it. 2. A small piece of any thing used to 
repair a breach. 3. A small piece of silk used to cover a 
defect on the face, or to add a charm. 4. A piece inserted 
in mosaic or variegated work. 5. A small piece of ground 
or a small detached piece. 6. A paltry fellow 

PATCH, v. t. 1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces. 

2. To adorn with a patch or with patches. 3. To mend 
with pieces ; to repair clumsily. 4. To repair with pieces 
fastened on. 5. To make up of pieces and shreds. 6. To 
dress in a party-colored coat. — Shak. 7. To make sudden 
ly or hastily ; to make without regard to forms. 

PATCHED (patcht). pp. or a. Mended with a patch oi 

patches : mended clumsily. 
PATCH'ER, 7i. One who patches or botches. 
PATCH'ER-Y, n. Bungling work ; botchery ; forgery. 
PATCHING, ppr. Mending with apiece or pieces ; botching 
PATCHW6RK (-wurk), n. I. Work composed of pieces 

of various figures sewed together. 2. Work composed of 

pieces clumsily put together. 
PATE, 7i. [qu. It. bathos.] 1. The head, or. rather, the top 

of the head ; [colloquial] 2. The skin of a calf s head. — 

3. Ln fortification, a kind of platform resembling what is 
called a horseshoe. 

PaT'ED, a. In composition, having a pate. 
PA-TEE', 1 n. In heraldry, a cross small in the center, and i 
PAT-TEE', 5 widening to the extremities, which are broad. 
PAT-E-FACTION, n. [L. patefactio.] The act of opening 

or manifesting; open declaration. — Pearson. 
PA-TEL'LA, n. [L.] 1. The knee-pan, or cap of the knee 

2. A univalvular shell-fish, the limpet. 3. A small vase. 
PA-TEL'LI-FORM, a. [L. patella and form.] Of the form 

of a dishor saucer. — Barton. 
PATEL-LlTE. n. Fossil remains of the patella, a shell. 
PAT'EN, 1 n. [L. patina.] 1. A plate.— Shak. ; [obs.] 2. The • 
PAT'IN, j plate or vessel on which the consecrated bread ! 

in the eueharist is placed. — In the Roman Catholic Church, . 

it is usually small, and so formed as to fit the chalice or 

cup as a cover. 

* PATENT, a. [Fr., from L. patens.] 1. Open; spread; ex- 
panded. — 2. In botany, spreading; forming an acute angle 
nearly approaching to a right angle with the stem or branch . 

3. Open to the perusal of all : as, letters patent : [see Let- 
tes.] 4. Appropriated by letters patent. 5. Apparent ; 
conspicuous. — Horsley. 

* PATENT, n. 1. A writing given by the proper authority 
and duly authenticated, granting a privilege to some per- 
son or persons, as a title of nobility. 2. A similar writing, 
securing to a person for a term of years the exclusive 
right to an invention. ^ 

* PATENT, v. t. 1. To grant by patent. 2. To secure the 
exclusive right of a thing to a person. 

* PAT'ENT-OF'FlCE, n. "An office for the granting of pat- 

ents for inventions. 

* PATENT-ROLLS, n. pi. The records or registers of pat 
ents. 

* PATENT- A-BLE, a. That can be patented. 

* PATENT-ED, #p. or a. Granted by patent ; secured by 
patent or by law as an exclusive privilege. 

* PAT-ENT-EE', n. One to whom a grant is made or a priv 
ilege secured by patent or by law. 



DAVE ;— BULL. UNITE :— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as : .v. this, t Obsokte. 
Z 7 



PAT 



722 



PAT 



'PATENTING, ppr. Granting by patent; securing as a 
privilege. 

PA-TER'NAL, a. [Fr. paternel ; L. paternus.] 1. Pertaining 
to a father ; fatherly. 3. Derived from the father ; hered- 
itary. 

PA-TER'NAL-LY, adv. In a paternal manner. 

PA-TER'NI-TY, n. [ Fr. paternite ; L. paternitd.] Father- 
ship ; the relation of a father. — Raleigh. 

PXTER-NOS'TER, n. [L. our father.] The Lord's Prayer. 

PA'TER Pa'TRI-jE. [L.] The father of his country. 

P'iTH, n. ; pi. Paths. [Sax. path, path.] 1. A way beaten 
or trodden by the feet of man or beast. 2. Any narrow 
way beaten by the foot. 3. The way, course, or track 
where a body moves in the atmosphere or in space. 4. A 
way or passage. 5. Course of life. 6. Precepts ; rules 
prescribed. 7. Course of providential dealings ; moral 
government. 

PaTH, v. t. [Sax. peththian.] 1. To make a path by tread- 
ing ; to beat a path, as in snow ; [ U. States:] 2. To push 
forward ; to cause to go ; to make way for. — Shak. 

PaTH, v. i._ To walk abroad.— Shak. 

PaTH'-FLy, n. A fly found in foot-paths. 

PITH'-KEEP-ING, a. Keeping in the path. 

PaTEOED (pafhd), pp. Beaten into a path. 

PATH-E-MAT1C, n. [Gr. nadrjua.] Pertaining to or desig- 
nating affection, or that which is suffered. — Mackintosh. 

PA-THET'IC, > a. [Gr. naOrjTiKOs.] Affecting or moving 

PA-THETIC-AL, J the passions, particularly pity, sorrow, 
grief, or other tender emotion ; touching. 

PA-THETIC, n. Style or manner adapted to awaken the 
passions, especially tender emotions. 

PA-THETIC-AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite 
the tender passions. 

PA-THETIC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of moving the ten- 
der passions. 

PATH'E-TISM, n. [Gr. iraOos.] A name sometimes given to 
mesmerism. — Sunderland. 

PATH'IC, n. [Gr. TzadoS-] A catamite ; a male that submits 
to the crime against nature. — Gillies. 

PATHLESS, a. Having no beaten way ; untrodden. 

PA-THOG-NO-MON'I€, a. [Gr. Trufloyvwjuovocof.] Indicating 
that' which is inseparable from a disease, being found in 
that and in no other ; hence, indicating that by which a 
disease may be certainly known ; characteristic. 
; PA-THOG'NO-MY, n. [ Gr. -Kados and yv^v-] Expression 
of the passions ; the science of the signs by which human 
passions are indicated. 

llraS-t^'it-AL, ] a - Pertaining to pathology. 

PATH-O-LOG'IG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of pathol- 
ogy. 

PA-THOL'O-GlST, n. One who treats of pathology. 

PA-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Tradog and Aoyoj.] That part of 
medicine which explains the nature of diseases, their 
causes and symptoms. 

PATH-0-P03'IA, n. [Gr. iraBoirotia.] A speech, or a figure 
of speech contrived to move the passions.— Smart. 

PA'THOS, n. [Gr.] Passion; warmth or vehemence in a 
speaker ; or, in language, that which excites emotions and 
passions. The term is now chiefly restricted to that which 
awakens tender emotions. — Rich. Diet. 

PaTH'WaY, n. 1. A path ; usually, a narrow way to be 
passed on foot. 2. A way ; a course of life. 

\ PAT'I-BLE, a. [L. patibilis.] Sufferable ; tolerable ; that 
may be endured. — Diet. 

PA-TIB'tJ-LA-RY, a. [Fr. patibulaire.] Belonging to the gal- 
lows, or to execution on the cross. — Diet. 

PATIENCE (pa'shens), n. [Fr. : L. patientia.] 1. The suf- 
fering of afflictions, pain, toil, calamity, provocation, or 
other evil with a calm, unruffled temper ; endurance with- 
out murmuring or firetfulness. 2. A calm temper which 
bears evils without murmuring or discontent. 3. The act 
or quality of waiting long for justice or expected good 
without discontent. 4. Perseverance ; constancy in labor 
or exertion. 5. The quality of bearing offenses and in- 
juries without anger or revenge. 6. Sxifferance ; permis- 
sion. — Hooker ; [obs.] 7. A plant, a species of dock. 

.PITIENT (pa'shent), a. [Fr. ; L. patiens.] 1. Having the 
quality of enduring evils without murmuring or fretful- 
ness ; sustaining afflictions of body or mind with a calm, 
unruffled temper. 2. Not easily provoked ; calm under 
** the sufferance of injuries or offenses ; not revengeful. 3. 
Persevering ; constant in pursuit or exertion ; calmly dil- 
igent. 4. Not hasty ; not over eager or impetuous ; wait- 
ing or expecting with calmness or without discontent. 

PITIENT, n. 1. A person or thing that receives impres- 
sions from external agents ; he or that which is passively 
affected. 2. A person diseased or suffering bodily indis- 
position. 3. It is sometimes used absolutely for a sick 
person, 
i PITIENT, v. t. To compose one's self.— Shak. 
P A'TIENT-LY, adv. 1. With calmness or composure ; with- 
out discontent or murmuring. 2. With calm and constant 



diligence. 3. Without agitation, uneasiness, or discontent , 
without undue haste or eagerness. 

PA-Ti'NA, n. [It.] Among artists, the color or incrustation 
which age gives to works of art. — Algarotti. 

PAT'IN. Sec Paten. 

PAT'LY, adv. [from pat] Fitly ; conveniently 

PAT'NESS, n. Fitness ; suitableness : convenience. 

PA T- OIS' (pat-wawO, n. [Fr.] A dialect peculiar to the low- 
_er classes ; a provincialism. 

Pa'TRI-aRCH, n. [L. patriarchal 1. The father and ruler 
of a family ; one who governs by paternal right ; as, the 
patriarch Abraham. 2. A learned and distinguished char- 
acter among the Jews. — 3. In the Eastern Churches, a dig- 
nitary superior to the order of archbishops. 

P a-TRI-aR/CHAL, 1 a. 1. Belonging to patriarchs ; possess- 

Pa-TRI-aR€H'I€, ) ed by patriarchs. 2. Subject to a pa- 
triarch. — Patriarchal cross, in heraldry, is that where the 
shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms being longer than 
the upper ones. — Encyc. 

Pa-TRI-aR€HATE, n. 1. The office, dignity, or jurisdic- 
tion of a patriarch. 2. The residence of a patriarch. — 
Missionary Herald. 

PXTRI- ARCH-ISM, n. Government by a patriarch, or the 
head of a family, who was both ruler and priest, as Noah, 
Abraham, and Jacob. 

Pa'TRI- ARCH-SHIP, n. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction 
of a patriarch. 

Pa'TRI- ARCH-Y, n. The jurisdiction of a patriarch ; a pa 
triarchate. — Brerewood. 

PA-TRl"CIAN (pa-trish'an), a. [Fr. patricien ; L. patricius.] 
Senatorial ; noble ; not plebeian. — Addison. 

Px\-TRI"CIAN (pa-trish'an), n. A nobleman. — In the Roman 
state, the patricians were the descendants of the first 
Roman senators. 

PAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. [Fr.] Pertaining to a patrimony ; in- 
herited froin ancestors. 

PAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. By inheritance.— Davenant. 

PAT'Rl-MO-NY, n. [L. patrimonium.] 1. A right or estate 
inherited from one's ancestors. 2. A church estate or 
revenue. 

* Pa'TRI-OT or PATRI-OT, n. [Fr. patriate.] A person 
who loves his country, and zealously supports and defends 
it and its interests. 

* Pa'TRI-OT or PATRI-OT, a. Patriotic ; devoted to the 
welfare of one's country ; as, patriot zeal. 

* PA-TRI-OTTC or PATRI-OTIG, a. 1. Full of patriotism , 
actuated by the love of one's country. 2. Inspired by the 
love of one's country; directed to the public welfare. 

* PITRI-OT-ISM or PATRI-OT-ISM, n. Love of one's 

country ; the passion which aims to serve one's country. 

PA-TRI-PAS'SIANS (-pash'anz), n. pi. An ancient sect, who 
taught that God the Father suffered with the Son, in mak- 
ing the atonement. — Murdoch. 

PA-TRIS'TIC, \a. [L. pater, patres.] Pertaining to the 

PA-TRISTIC-AL, 5 ancient fathers of the Christian Church. 
— M. Stuart. 

t PA-TROC'I-NaTE, v. t. To patronize. 

t PA-TROC-I-NaTION, n. Countenance ; support.— Hall. 

f PATRO-CIN-Y, n. Patronage ; support. 

PA-TRoL', n. [Fr. patrouille.] 1. In war, a round ; a walk- 
ing or marching round by a guard in the night, to watch 
and observe what passes, and to secure the peace and 
safety of a camp or other place. 2. The guard or persons 
who go the rounds for observation. 

PA-TRoL', v. i. [Fr. patrouiller.] To go the rounds in a 
camp or garrison ; to march about and soe what passes. 

PA-TRoLL'ING, ppr. Going the rounds, as a guard. 

* Pa'TRON or PATRON, n. [L. patronus.] 1. Among the 

Romans, a master who had freed his slave, and retained 
some rights over him after his emancipation ; also, a man 
of distinction, under whose protection another placed 
himself. 2. One who countenances, supports, and pro- 
tects either a person or a work. — 3. In the Roman Catholic 
Church, a patron saint is one regarded as the peculiar 
protector of a country, community, profession, &c, or of 
an individual. — 4. In the canon or common law, one who 
has the gift and disposition of a benefice. 5. An advocate ; 
a defender ; one who specially countenances and sup- 
ports, or lends aid to advance. — 6. In seamen's language, 
the commander of a small vessel or passage-boat , alsc-, 
one who steers a ship's long-boat. 

PATRON-AGE, 7i. 1. Special countenance or support : 
favor or aid afforded to second the views of a person or 
to promote a design. 2. Guardianship, as of a saint. 3. 
Advowson ; the right of presentation to a church or eccle- 
siastical benefice. 

t PATRON-AGE, v. t. To patronize or support,— Shak. 

* PATRON- AL, a. Doing the office of a patron ; protecting , 

supporting ; favoring ; defending. — Brown. [Little used.] 

* PATRON-ESS or PATRON-ESS, n. 1. A female who 
favors, countenances, or supports. 2. A female guardian 
saint. 3. A female who has the right of presenting to a 
church living. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I. Scc.long.— A,E, I, & Cl ,short.— FKB. FA l,r„ WHAT;— PREY;— MARi'NE, BiRD;— MOVE, BOOK. 



PAD 



723 



PAY 



PATRON-IZE, v. t. 1. To support ; to countenance ; to 
defend, as a patron his client. 2. To favor ; to lend aid 
to promote, as an undertaking. 3. To maintain ; to de- 
fend ; to support. 

PATRON-lZ.ED,#p. Defended; supported; favored; pro- 
moted. 

PATTtON-lZ-ER n. One who supports, countenances, or 
favors. 

PAT'RON-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Defending ; supporting ; fa- 
voring; promoting. 

* PITRON-LESS or PATRON-LESS, a. Destitute of a 

patron . — Shaftesb ury. 

PAT-RO-No-MA-TOL'0-(iY, n. [Gr. varr/ft, ovo^a, and \oyos-] 
The doctrine of names, as deduced from their connection 
with the arts, as of Smith from the verb to smite ; a treat- 
ise on this subject. 

PAT-RO-NYM'I€, n. [Gr. izarpuiwiuKos.] A name of men 
or women derived from that of their parents or ancestors. 
— Encyc. 

PA-TROON', n. [D. patroon, a protector.] The name given 

■ in the State of New York to the first proprietors of cer- 
tain tracts of land, with manorial privileges, and descend- 
ing with the property to the oldest son. 

PATTED, pp. Struck gently with the fingers. 

PATTEN, n. [Fr. patin.] 1. The base of a column or pillar. 

2. A wooden shoe with an iron ring, worn to keep the 
shoes from the dirt or mud. 

PATTEN-MIK-ER, n. One who makes pattens. 

PAT'TER, v. i. To strike, as falling drops of water or hail, 
with a quick succession of small sounds. 

PATTERED, pp. Struck with a quick succession of small 
sounds. 

PAT'TER-ING, n. A striking with a quick succession of 
small sounds, 

PAT'TER-ING, ppr. or a. Striking with a quick succession 
of small sounds. 

PATTERN, n. [Fr. patron.'] 1. An original or model pro- 
posed for imitation; the archetype; an exemplar; that 
which is to be copied or imitated. 2. A specimen ; a 
sample ; a part showing the figure or quality of the whole. 

3. Figure or style of ornamental execution ; as, chintz of 
a beautiful pattern. 4. An instance ; an example. — Hooker, 
5. A quantity of cloth auflicient for a garment ; as, a vest 
pattern. 6. Any thing cut or formed into the shape of 
something to be made after it. 

PATTERN, v. t. 1. To make in imitation of some model ; 

to copy. 2. To serve as an example to be followed. Shak. 

—To pattern after, to imitate ; to follow. 
PATTERNED, pp. Copied ; made in imitation of. 
PATTERN-ING, ppr. Imitating ; following. 
PATTY, n. [Fr. pate, paste.] A little pie. 
PATTY-PAN, n. A pan to bake a little pie in. 
PATU-LOUS, a. [L. patulus.] Spreading ; as, a patulous 

calyx ; bearing the flowers loose or dispersed. 
PAU-CIL'O-QJJY, n. [L. paucus.] The utterance of a few 

words. [Little ui.ed.] 
PAU'CITY, n. [L. paucitas.] 1. Fewness ; smallness of 

number. 2. Smallness of quantity. 
PAU'LlNE, a. Pertaining to Paul.— Ec. Rev. 
PaUM, v. t. To impose by fraud; a corruption of palm. 
PaUNCE, n. A pansy. See Pansy. 

* PAUNCH (pawnch), n. [Fr. panse ; It., Sp. panza.) The 
paunch, in ruminating quadrupeds, is the first and largest 
stomach, into which the food is received before rumina- 
tion. 

* PAUNCH, v. t. To pierce or rip the belly ; to eviscerate ; 

to take out the contents of the belly. — Shak. 

* PAUNCH'ING, ppr. Eviscerating ; taking out the contents 

of the belly. 

PAUPER, n. [L. pauper.] A poor person ; particularly, one 
so indigent as to depend on the parish or town for main- 
tenance. 

PAUTER-ISM, n. The state of being poor or destitute of 
the means of support ; the state of indigent persons re- 
quiring support from the community. 

PAU-PER-1-Za'TION, n. The act or process of reducing to 
pauperism. 

PAU'PER-iZE, v. t. To reduce to pauperism. 

PATJTER-IZ.ED, pp. Reduced to pauperism. 

PAUTER-IZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to the condition of a pau- 
per. 

PAUSE (pawz), n. [L., Sp., It. pausa ; Fr. pause.] 1. A 
stop ; a cessation or intermission of action, of speaking, 
singing, playing, or the like ; a temporary stop or rest. 2. 
Cessation proceeding from doubt; suspense. 3. Break 
or paragraph in writing. 4. A temporary cessation in 
reading. 5. A mark of cessation or intermission of the 
voice ; a point. 

PAUSE, v. i. 1. To make a short stop ; to cease to speak 
for a time. 2. To desist or forbear for a time. 3. To be 
intermitted. — To pause vpon, to deliberate. Shak. — Syn. 
To intermit ; stop ; stay ; wait ; delay ; tarry ; hesitate ; 
demur. 



PAUS'ER, n. One who pauses ; one who deliberates. 

PAUSING, ppr. Stopping for a time ; ceasing to speak or 
act; deliberating. 

PAUS'ING-LY, adv. After a pause ; by breaks 

t PA-VaDE', n. A sword or dagger. 

PA VAN, n. [Sp. pavana.] A grave dance among the Span 
iards ; so called from its motions resembling the 6teps of 
a peacock. — Shak. 

PX-VE' (pa-va/), n. [Fr.J The pavement. 

PaVE, v. t. [Fr. paver; L. pavio.] 1. To lay or cover with 
stone or brick, so as to make a level or convenient surface 
for horses, carriages, or foot passengers ; to floor with 
brick, stone, or other solid material.— 2. Figuratively, to 
prepare a passage ; to facilitate the introduction of. 

PaVJED, pp. or a. Laid over with stones, bricks, or othei 
^olid materials ; prepared, as a way. 

PaVE'MENT, n. [L. pavimentum.] A floor or covering con 
sisting of stones, bricks, or other solid material, laid on the 
earth in such a manner as to make a hard and convenient 
passage. 

PaVE'MENT, v. t. To pave ; to floor with stone or brick. 
— Bp. Hall. [Unusual.] 

PaV'ER, ) n. One who lays stones for a floor, or 

PaV'IER (-yer), > whose occupation is to pave. — (My. 

Pa'VI-AgE, n. A contribution or tax for paving the streets 
or highways. — Bouvier. 

PAV'ID, a. [L. pavidus.] Timid. [Not used.] 

PA-VID'1-TY, n. Fearfulness. [Not used.] 

PA-VIL'ION (pa-vil'yun), n. [Fr. pavilion.] 1. A tent ; a 
temporary movable habitation. — 2. In architecture, a kind 
of turret or building, usually insulated and contained under 
a single roof. The name is sometimes, but improperly, 
given to a summer-house in a garden. Brande. — 3. In 
military affairs, a tent raised on posts. — 4. In heraldry, a 
covering in form of a tent, investing the armories of 
kings. — 5. Among jewelers, the under side and corner of 
brilliants, lying between the girdle and collet. 

PA-VIL'ION, v. t. 1. To furnish with tents.— Milton. 2. To 
shelter with a tent. — Pope. 

PA-VIL10N.ED, pp. Furnished with pavilions ; sheltered 
by a tent. 

PaV'ING, ppr. Flooring with stones or bricks. 

PaV'ING, n. 1. The act of laying a pavement. 2. Pave- 
ment ; a floor of stones or bricks. 

PaV'IOR (pave'yer), n. A person who paves. 

Pa'VO, n. [L., peacock.] A constellation in the southern 
hemisphere, south of Sagittarius. 

f PA-VoNE', n. [L. pavo.] A peacock. — Spenser. 

PAV'O-NlNE, a. [L. pavoninus.] Resembling the tail of a 
peacock ; iridescent. — Cleaveland. 

PAW, 7i. [W. pawen.] 1. The foot of beasts of prey having 
claws. 2. The hand ; [in contempt.] 

PAW, v. i. To draw the fore-foot along the ground ; to 
scrape with the fore-foot. — Swift. 

PAW, v. t. 1. To scrape with the fore-foot.— Ticket. 2. To 
handle roughly ; to scratch. 3. To fawn ; to flatter.— 
Ainsworth. 

PAWED, pp. 1. Scraped with the fore-foot. 2. a. Having 
paws. 3. Broad-footed. — Johnson. 

PAWING, ppr. Scraping with the fore-feet 

PAWK'Y, a. [Sax. paean.] Arch ; cunning. — Grose. [Local] 

PAWL, n. [W. pawl.] Among seamen, a short bar of wood 
or iron fixed close to the capstan or windlass of a ship, to 
prevent it from rolling back or giving way. 

PAWN, n. [D. pand ; Ger. pfand.] 1. Something given or 
deposited as security for the payment of money bor- 
rowed ; a pledge. 2. A pledge for the fulfillment of a 
promise. — Shak. 3. A common man at chess ; [see Peon.] 
— In pawn, at pawn, the state of being pledged.— Shak. 

PAWN, v. t. [D. panden ; Sp. empenar.] 1. To give or de- 
posit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money 
borrowed ; to pledge. 2. To pledge for the fulfillment of 
a promise. 

PAWN'BRoK-ER, n. One who lends money on pledge or 
the deposit of goods. — Arbuthnot. 

PAWN'BRoK-ING, n. The business of a pawnbroker. 

PAWNED, pp. Pledged ; given in security. 

PAWN-EE', n. The person to whom a pawn is delivered 
as security ; one who takes any thing in pawn. 

PAWNER, n. One who pledges any tiling as security for 
the payment of borrowed money. 

PAWNING, ppr. Pledging, as goods ; giving as security. 

PAX, n. [L. peace.] A small plate of gold, sliver, &c, with 
the image of Christ upon the cross on it, which people, 
before the Reformation, used to kiss after the service, the 
ceremony being considered as the kiss of peace. — Todd. 

PAX'-WAX, n. A large tendon or cartilage in the neck of 
animals, designed to sustain the head. Also written pack 
wax. 

PaY, v. t. ; pret. and pp. paid, [Fr. payer.] 1 . To discharge 
a debt ; to deliver to a creditor the value of the debt, either 
in money or goods, to his acceptance or satisfaction, by 
which the obligation of the debtor is discharged. 2. To 



T)AVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; StI as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PEA 



724 



PEA 



discharge a duty created by promise, or by custom, or by 
the moral law. 3. To fulfill ; to perform what is prom- 
ised. 4. To render what is due to a superior, or demand- 
ed by civility or courtesy. 5. To retort upon another an 
injury received ; as, I will pay you for this trick. Hence, 
it sometimes implies to beat. 6. To reward ; to recom- 
pense. 

To pay for. 1. To make amends ; to atone by suffering. 
2. To give an equivalent for any thing purchased. — To pay 
or pay over, in seamen's language, to daub or besmear the 
surface of any body, as with tar, to preserve it from injury 
by water or weather. — To pay off, to make compensation 
to and discharge. — To pay out, to slacken, extend, or cause 
to run out. — Mar. Diet. 

.MY, v. i. To recompense. To pay off, is to fall to lee- 
ward, as the head of a ship. Mar. Diet. — To pay on, to 
i -eat with vigor ; to redouble blows ; [colloquial.] 

<'aY, n, 1. Compensation; recompense; an equivalent 
given for money due, goods purchased, or services per- 
formed ; salary or wages for services ; hire. 2. Compen- 
sation ; reward. 

PAY-BILL, n. A bill of money to be paid to the soldiers 
of a company. 

PaY'-B>aY, n. The day when payment is to be made or 
debts discharged. — Locke. 

PaY'-OF-FiCE, 7i. A place or office where payment is 
made of public debts. 

PaY'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may or ought to be paid. 2. 
That can be paid; that there is power to pay. — South. 

PAY-EE', n. The person to whom money is to be paid. 

PIY'ER, n. One who pays. 

PAYTNG, ppr. Discharging a debt ; fulfilling a promise ; 
rewarding. 

PaY'MaS-TER, n. 1. One who is to pay ; one from whom 
wages or reward is received. — 2. In the army, an officer 
whose duty is to pay the officers and soldiers their wages, 
and who is intrusted with money for this purpose. 

PAY'MENT, n. 1. The act of paying or giving compensa- 
tion. 2. The thing given in discharge of a debt or fulfill- 
ment of a promise. 3. Reward ; recompense. 4. Chas- 
tisement; sound beating ; [obs.) 

PaY'NIM. See Painim. 

\ Pa YS'ER S for poise ' P° iser -— s P enser - 

PEA (pe), n. [Sax. pisa ; Fr. pois.] A plant and its fruit, of 
the genus pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for 
food. In the plural, we write peas for two or more indi- 
vidual seeds, but pease for an indefinite number or quanti- 
ty in bulk. 

PeA'-JA€K-ET, n. A thick woolen jacket worn by sea- 
me^ &c. 

PeA'-oRE, n. An argillaceous oxyd of iron, occurring in 
round grains of the size of a pea. 

PeAS'-€OD, \n. The legume or pericarp of the pea. — 

PeA'-SHELL, 5 Walton. 

PeA'-SToNE, n. A variety of limestone ; pisolite. 

PEACE (pese), n. [Sax., Norm, pais; Fr.paix; It. pace; Sp., 
Port, pax; L. pax.] 1. In a general sense, a state of quiet 
or tranquillity ; freedom from disturbance or agitation ; 
applicable to society, to individuals, or to the temper of 
the mind. 2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation ; 
public quiet. 3. Freedom from internal commotion or 
civil war. 4. Freedom from private quarrels, suits, or dis- 
turbance. 5. Freedom from agitation or disturbance by 
fie passions, as from fear, terror, anger, anxiety, or the 
like; quietness of mind ; tranquillity; calmness; quiet of 
conscience. 6. Heavenly rest ; the happiness of heaven. 
-Isa., lvii. 7. Harmony ; concord ; a state of reconcilia- 
tion between parties at variance. 8. Public tranquillity ; 
that quiet, order, and security which is guarantied by the 
laws. 9. As an exclamation, silence ! hist ! — To be at peace, 
to be reconciled ; to live in harmony. — To make peace, to 
reconcile, as parties at variance. — To hold the peace, to be 
silent ; to suppress one's thoughts ; not to speak. 

PeACE'-BREaK-ER, n. One who violates or disturbs pub- 
lic peace. 

PeACE'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes peace by reconcil- 
ing parties that are at variance. 

PF.ACE'-OF-FER-ING, n. 1. Among the Jews, a voluntary 
offering to God, in thankfulness for His benefits, or to ask 
favors from Him, or merely to satisfy the desires of a de- 
vout mind and give honor to God. — 2. In common usage, 
satisfaction offered to an offended person, especially to a 
superior. 

PEACE'-OF-FI-CER. n. A dvil officer whose duty is to 

preserve the public peace. 
P£ACE'-P ART-ED, a. Dismissed from the world in peace. 
PeACE'-PaR-TY, n. A party in favor of peace. 
PeACEA-BLE, a. 1. Free from war, tumult, or public 
commotion. 2. Free from private feuds or quarrels. 3. 
Not agitated with passion. 4. Not violent, bloody, or un- 
natural. — Syn. Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; undis- 
turbed ; serene ; mild ; still. 



PeACEA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being peaceable 
quietness. 2. Disposition to peace. — Hammond. 

PeACEA-BLY, adv. 1. Without war ; without tumult or 
commotion ; without private feuds and quarrels. 2. With- 
out disturbance ; quietly ; without agitation ; without in- 
terruption. 

PeACE'FUL, a. 1. Not in a state of war or commotion 
2. Not agitated by passion. 3. Removed from noise oi 
tumult. — Syn. Peaceable ; pacific ; tranquil ; quiet ; undis 
turbed; serene; mild; still. 

PeACE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Without war or commotion. 2 
Quietly ; without disturbance. 3. Mildly ; gently. 

Pe ACE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Quiet ; freedomfrom war, tumult, 
disturbance, or discord. 2. Freedom from mental pertur- 
bation. 

PeACE'LESS, a. Without peace ; disturbed.— Sandys. 

Pe ACH, n. [Fr. peche.] A well-known tree, and its fruit. 

t PeACH, for impeach or inform, not used. — Dryden. 

PeACH'-€6L-OR (peech'-kul-lur), n. The pale-red coloi 
of the peach blossom. 

PeACH'-€6L-ORJSD, a. Of the color of a peach blossom 

PeACH'-TREE, n. The tree that produces the peach. 

f PeACH'ER, n. An acctiser or informer. — Fox. 

PeA'CHICK, n. The chicken or young of the peacock. 

PeA'€0€K, n. [Pea, in this word, is from L. paco ; Sax 
pawa.] A large and beautiful gallinaceous fowl, of the 
genus pavo. 

PeA'COCK-FISH, n. A beautiful fish of the wrasse kind, 
found in the Mediterranean. 

PeA'HEN, n. [Ger. pfauhenne, or pfaucn ; D. paauwin.] 
The hen or female of the peacock. 

PEAK, n. [Sax. peac; Ir.peac; Fr. pique.] 1. The top of a 
hill or mountain ending in a point. 2. A point ; the end 
of any thing that terminates in a point. 3. The upper, 
outer corner of a sail which is extended by a gaff or yard , 
also, the extremity of the yard or gaff. 

t PEAK, v. i. 1. To look sickly or thin.— Shalt. 2. To make 
_a mean figure ; to sneak. — Shak. 

PeAK, v. t. To raise a gaff or yard more obliquely to the 
mast. — Mar. Diet. 

PeAKED (pe'ked or peekt), a. Pointed ; ending in a point. 

PeAK'ING, a. Mean; sneaking; poor. [Vulgar.] 

PeAK'ISH, a. 1. Denoting or belonging to an acuminated 
situation. — Drayton. 2. Having features that seem thin or 
^harp, as from sickness. — Smart ; [colloquial.] 

PEAL, n. [L. pello.] A loud sound; usually, a succession 
of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, Sec. — Addison. 

PeAL, v. i. To utter loud and solemn sounds. 

PeAL, v. t. 1. To assail with noise. 2. To cause to ring or 
jsound ; to celebrate. 3. To stir or agitate ; [obs.] 

Pe AL22D, pp. Assailed with sound ; resounded ; celebrated. 

PeAL/ING, ppr. or a. Uttering a loud sound or successive 
pounds ; resounding. 

PeAN, n. [L. pecan.] A song of praise or triumph. 

PEAN-ISM, n. The song or shouts of praise or of battle , 
jhouts of triumph. — Mitford. 

PeA'NUT, n. The ground-nut; the arachnis hypogaa. 

PEAR, n. [Sax., Sp., Port., It. pera ; D. peer.] The well- 
known fruit of the pyrus communis, of many varieties. 

PEaR'-TREE, ti. The tree that produces pears. 

PeARCH. Sec Perch. 

PEARL (perl), n. [Fr. perle; It., S-p.perla; Sax. pearl] 1. 
A white, hard, smooth, shining body, usually roundish, 
found in certain testaceous fish of the" oyster kind, valued 
highly for its beauty. The best are of a bright, translucent, 
silvery whiteness. — 2. Poetically, something round and 
clear, as a drop of water or dev 3. A white speck or 
film growing on the eye. 

PeARL (perl), v. t. To set or adorn with pearls. 

PEARL (perl), v. i. To resemble pearls. — Spenser. 

PEARL'-DlV-ER, n. One who dives for pearls.— Carlisle, 

PeARL'-EY.ED (perl'-ide), a. Having a speck in the eye. 

PEARL'-OYS-TER, n. The oyster which yields pearls. 

PeARL'-SIN-TER, n. Fiorite ; a variety of silicious sintei 

PeARL -SPAR, (perl'-spar), n. Brown spar. 

PeARL'-SToNE, n. A bluish or grayish variety of obsidi- 
an, having a pearly lustre. — Dana. 

PEARL'-STUD-DED, a. Studded with pearls.— Scott. 

PeARL'-WHiTE, n. A white powder, precipitated from 
the nitrate of bismuth by a solution of sea salt.— lire. 

PeARL '-GRASS ( n ' ^ n annua ^ pl ant , of the genus sagina. 

PeARL-a'CEOUS, a. Resembling mother-of-pearl. 

PEARL ASH (perl'ash), n. A somewhat impure carbonate 
of potassa, obtained by calcining potashes upon a reverb- 
erate ry hearth. — Ure. 

PEARLED (perld), a. Set or adorned with pearls. 

PE ARL'Y (perl'e), a. 1. Containing pearls ; abounding with 
pearls. 2. Resembling pearls ; clear ; pure ; transparent 

PEAR'MAIN, n. A variety of the apple. 

PEASANT (pez'ant), n. [Fr. paysan ; Sp., Port, paisano.] 
One whose business is rural labor. — Syn. Countryman ; 
rustic ; swain ; hind. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



PEC 



T25 



PED 



f £ AS' ANT (pez'ant), a. Rustic; rural. — Spensei. 

PeAS'ANT-LiKE, \a. Rude; clownish; illiterate; resem- 

PeAS'ANT-LY, 5 bling peasants. 

PeAS'ANT-RY (pez'ant-ry), n. 1. Peasants ; rustics ; the 
_body of country people. 2. Rusticity. — Butler; [obs.] 

PeASE, n. pi. Peas collectively, or used as food. See Pea. 

PeAT, ?!. [Ger. pfiitze.] A substance of vegetable origin, al- 
ways found more or less saturated with water. It con- 
sists of roots and fibres in every stage of decomposition. 
When dried, it forms a valuable kind of fuel.— P. Cyc. 

\ PeAT, n. [Fr. petit] A small, deMcate person.— Halliwell. 

PeAT-MOSS, n. [peat and moss.] 1. The same as peat, 
which see. 2. A fen producing peat. 

PeAT'Y, a. Composed of peat; resembling peat 

PEBRLE, )n. [Sax. p'abob, papol-stana.] Id popu- 

PEB'BLE-SToNE, 5 lar usage, a roundish stone, of any 
kind, from the size of a nut to that of a man's head.— 
Among opticians, transparent and colorless rock-crystal. 

PEB'BLE-CRYSTAL, n. A crystal in form of nodules. 

PEB'BLED, a. Abounding with pebbles.— Thomson. 

PEBT3LY, a. Full of pebbles ; abounding with small, round- 
ish stones. 

PE-CAN', In. A species of hickory and its fruit The 

PE-CX/NA, j nuts are oblong, very smooth, an inch or an 
inch and a half long, with their shells, and form an article 
of trade in the southern part of the Valley of the Wlasis- 
sippL 

PE€'A-RY, n. See Peccary. 

PE€-€A-BILTTY, n. State of being subject to sin; capacity 
of sinning.— Decay of Piety. 

PECCA-BLE, a. [L. pecco.] Liable to sin ; subject to trans- 
gress the divine law. — Priestley. 

PECCA-DIL'LO, n. [Sp. dim. from pecado ; L. peccatum ; 
Fr. peccadiUe.] 1. A slight trespass or offense ; a petty 
crime or fault 2. A sort of stiff ruff. — B. Taylor. 

PECCAN-CY, n. 1. Bad quality. 2. Offense. 

PECCANT, a. [L. peccans ; Fr. peccant.] 1. Sinning; guilty 
of sin or transgression ; criminal. 2. Morbid ; bad ; cor- 
rupt ; not healthy. 3. Wrong ; bad ; defective ; informal ; 
as. a peccant citation : [obs.] 

f PECCANT, n. An offender.- Whitlock. 

PECCANT-LY, adv. Criminally; corruptly; badly. 

PE€'€A-RY, n. A South American quadruped of two spe- 
cies, nearly related to the hog. There is an opening in the 
back, from which is extracted a fetid humor secreted 
within. 

PE-G-£1'VI. [L. I have offended.] A colloquial word used 
to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense, 

PECH'BLENDE. n. [G. peek and blende.] Sec Pitchblende. 

PECK, n. [Arm. peek.] 1. The fourth part of a bushel ; a dry 
measure of eight quarts. — 2. In low language, a great deal 

PECK, r. t. [It. beccare ; Sp. picar.] 1. To strike' with the 
beak ; to thrust the beak into. 2. To strike with a pointed 
instrument or to delve or dig with any thing pointed, as 
with a pickax. 3. To pick up food with the beak. 4. 
To strike with small and. repeated blows ; to strike in a 
manner to make small impressions. In this sense, the 
verb is generally intransitive. 

PECKED (pekt), pp. Struck or penetrated with a beak or 
pointed instrument. 

PECKER v. One who pecks ; a bird that pecks holes in 
trees ; a woodpecker. — Dryden. 

PECKING, ppr. Striking with the bill ; thrusting the beak 
into ; thrusting into with a pointed instrument ; taking up 
food with the beak. 

i PECK'LED, for speckled.— Walton. 

PEC'TATE, n. A substance formed by the union of pectic 
acid with some base. 

PECTEN. n. [L.] 1. A vascular membrane in the eyes of 
birds. 2. A genus of bivalves, the clam.— Brande. 

PECTIC ACID, n. [Gr. - V ktlS-] A vegetable acid, which 
may be obtained from the action of an alkali on pectin. 
— L're. 

PECTIN, 7i. [Gr. thiktos.] The gelatinizing principle of 
certain vegetables, such as currents, apples, carrots, <fcc. — 
Brande. 

PECT1N-AL, a. [L. pecten, a comb; pecto, to comb; Gr. 
zzkteu), from ttckw.] Pertaining to a comb ; resembling a 
comb. 

PECTIN- AL, 77, A fish whose bone3 resemble the teeth of 
a comb. — Brown. 

PECTIN- ATE, \ a. [L. pecten.] Having resemblance to 

PECTIN- I-TED, 5 the teeth ot a comb. 

PECTIN- ATE-LY, adv. In a pectinate manner. 

PEC-TIN-a'TION, n. 1. The state of being pectinated. 2. 
A combing : a combing of the head. — Cyc. 

PECTIN-I-BRANCH'I-ATE, a. [L. pecten and branchia.] In 
malacology, having pectinated gills. 

\ PECTLN-ITE, n. [L. pecten.] A fossil pecten or scallop. 

PECTO-RAL, a. [L. pectoralis.] Pertaining to the breast — 
Pectoral fins, or pectorals of a fish, the two forward fins 
near the gills. 

PECTO-RAL, 72. 1. A breast-plate. 2. A sacerdotal habit 



or vestment worn by the Jewish high-priest called, in our 
version of the Bible, a breast-plate. 3s A medicine adapted 
to cure or relieve complaints of the breast and lungs.— 4. 
In ichthyology, a pectoral fin. 

PE€-TO-RI-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to or of the nature 
of pectoriloquy. 

PEC-TO-RIL'O-QUY, n. { L. pectus and loqucrr.] In medicine 
when a patient's voice, distinctly articulated, seems to pro- 
ceed from the point of the chest on which the ear or a 
stethe scope is placed, there is said to be pectoriloquy.— 
Collin. An exalted degree of bronchophony, resembling 
the sound heard by placing a stethescope on the trachea 
when a person speaks. — Hall. 

PECTUNCU-LUS, n. [L.] A genus of marine bivalves. 

PECU-LaTE, v. i. [L. peculatus.] 1. To defraud the pub- 
he of money or goods intrusted to one's care, by appro- 
priating the property to one's own use ; to defraud by 
embezzlement. — 2. Among civilians, to steal. 

PECU-La-TLNG, ppr. Defrauding the public of money or 
goods. 

PECU-La'TION, 7). The act of defrauding the public by 
appropriating to one's own use the money or goods intrust 
ed to one's care ; embezzlement of public money or goods. 

PECTJ-La-TOR, 77. [L.] One who defrauds the public by 
appropriating to his own use money intrusted to his care. 

* PE-CuL'IAR (pe-kul'yar), a. [L. peculiaris.] 1. Appropri- 

ate ; belonging to a person, and to him only. 2. Singular ; 
particular. 3. Particular ; special. 4. Belonging to a na- 
tion, system, or other thing, and not to others. 

* PE-€uL'IAR (pe-kul'yar), n. 1. Exclusive property ; that 

which belongs to a person in exclusion of others. — 2. In 
the English canon law, a particular parish or church 
which has the probate of wills within itself, exempt from 
the jurisdiction of the ordinary or bishop's court. 

* PE-CuL-IAR'I-TY (pe-kul-yar'e-te), n. Something peculiar 
to a person or thing ; that which belongs to or is found in 
one person or thing, and in no other. 

* PE-€uL'IAR-lZE. v. t. To appropriate ; to make peculiar. 

* PE-€uL'IAB.-lZED, pp. Appropriated; made peculiar. 

* PE-CuLIAR-lZ-ING. ppr. Making peculiar. 

* PE-€uL'IAR-LY. adv. 1. Particularly : singly. — Wood- 
ward._ 2. In a manner not common to others.— Drayton. 

* PE-CuLlAR-NESS. n. The state of being peculiar ; ap- 

propriation. — Mede. [Little used.] 
PE-€u'LI-UM, n. [L.] In the Roman law, the property 

which a slave might acquire independent of the control of 

his master. — Brande. 
PE-CuN'IA-PJ-LY, a. In a pecuniary maimer. — West. Rev. 

* PE-€cNTA-RY (pe-kun'ya-ry), a. JFr. pecuniaire ; L. pe 

cuniarius.] 1. Relating to money. 2. Consisting of mone v. 
t PE-€uNT-OUS, n. Full of money.— Sherwood. 
PED, 77. [for pad.] 1. A small pack-saddle.— Tusser. 2. A 

basket : a hamper. — Spenser. 
PED-A-G06'I€, ) a. Suiting or belonging to a teachei 
PED-A-GOg'IC-AL, j of children, or to a" pedagogue. 
PED'A-GOG-ISM, n. The business, character, or "manners 

of a pedagogue. 
PED'A-GOGUE (ped'a-gog), n. [Gr. TraiSayuyoi.] 1. A teach- 
er of children ; one whose occupation is to instruct young 

children : a schoolmaster. 2. A pedant 
PED'A-GOGUE, v. t. To teach with the air of a pedagogue , 

to instruct superciliously. — Prior. 
PED'A-GO-GY, 77. Instruction in the first rudiments ; pic 

paratory discipline. — South. 
Pe'DAL, a. [L. pedalis.] Pertaining to a foot 

* PED'AL, n. 1. A contrivance attached to the harp, organ 

piano-forte, Sec, acted upon by the foot (whence "the 
name), and designed to modify the tone or swell of the 
instrument. 2. A fixed or stationary base. 

PED'AL-NoTE, n. In music, a holding-note. — Busby. 

PE-DINE-OUS, a. [L. pedaneus.] Going on foot ; walking 

PED'ANT, 77. [Fr. pedant.] 1. A schoolmaster.— Sfuik. 2. A 
person who makes a vain display of his learning. 

PE-D ANTIC, I a. Ostentatious of learning ; vainly dis- 

PE-DANTTG-AL, 3 playing or making a show of knowl- 
edge. 

PE-DANT'IC-AL-LY, adv. With a vain or boastful display 
of learning. 

PED'ANT-IZE, v. i. To play the pedant ; to domineer over 
lads ; to use pedantic expressions. — Cotgrave. 

PED'ANT-RY, n. [Fr. pedantcrie.] Vain ostentation of learn- 
ing : a boastful display of knowledge. 

PE-DI'RI-AN, 77. One of the pedarii in the Roman senate, 
who were not really senators, but only entitled to a seat 
by the office which they held, and who, not being author- 
ized to vote, expressed their preference by walking over 
to the parry they wished to join. — Smith's Diet. 

PED'ATE, a. [L. pedatus.] In botany, when the foot-stalk of 
a leaf is divided at the top, with a leaflet in the fork, and 
several leaflets on each division, it is said to be pedate. 

PE-DAT'I-FID, a. [L. pes tmdjindo.] A pedatijid leaf in bot- 
any, is one whose parts are not entirely separate, but 
divided in a pedate manner. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH , TH as in this. t Obsolete. 



PEE 



'26 



PEL 



PED'DLE, v. i. 1. To be busy about trifles. 2. To travel 

about the country»and retail goods. 
PED'DLE, v. t. To sell or retail, usually by traveling about 

the country. 
PED'DLER, n. [from peddle.] A traveling foot-trader ; one 

who carries about small commodities on his back, or in a 

cart or wagon, and sells them. — Swift. 
PED'DLER-ESS, n. A female peddler.— Overbury. 
PED'DLER- Y, n. Small wares sold or carried about for 

sale by peddlers. 
PED'DLING, ppr. 1. Traveling about and selling small 

wares. 2. a. Trifling; unimportant. 
PED'E-RAST, n. [Gr. TratdepaoTris.] A sodomite. 
PED-E-RAST'IC, a. Pertaining to pederasty. 
PED'E-RAST- Y, n. Sodomy ; the crime against nature. 
PED-E-Re'RO, n. [Sp. pedrero.] A swivel gun ; sometimes 

written paterero. 
PED'ES-TAL, n. [Sp. pedestal] In architecture, the lowest 

part of a column or pillar. — Addison. 
PE-DES'TRI-AL, a. [L. pedestris.] Pertaining to the foot.— 

Moseley. 
PE-DES'TRI-AN, a. [L. pedestris.] Going on foot ; walking ; 

performed on foot; as, & pedestrian excursion. 
PE-DES'TRI-AN, n. 1. One who walks or journeys on foot. 

2. One who walks for a wager ; a remarkable walker. 
PE-DES'TRI-AN-ISM, n. 1. A walking, usually for a wager. 

2. The practice of walking. 
PE-DES'TRI-AN-IZE, v. i. To practice walking. 
PE-DES'TRI-OUS, a. Going on foot; not winged.— Brown. 
PED'I-CEL, ? n. [L. pcdiculus.] 1. In botany, the ultimate 
PED'I-CLE, i division of a common peduncle ; a small, 

short foot-stalk. — 2. In zoology, a foot-stalk or stem by 
which certain animals of the lower orders are attached. 

PED'I-CEL-LATE, a. Having a pedicel, or supported by a 
pedicel. 

PE-DICH-LAR, \a. [L. pedicularis.] Lousy; having the 

PE-DIC'U-LOUS, S lousy distemper. 

PE-DM'ER-OUS, a. [L. pes and gero.] Having feet. 

PED'I-GREE, n. [probably from L. pes, pedis.] 1. Lineage ; 
line of ancestors from which a person or tribe descends ; 
genealogy. 2. An account or register of a line of ancestors. 

PED'I-LU-VY, n. [L. pes and lavo.] The bathing of the feet ; 
a bath for the feet. 

PED'I-MENT, n. [from L. pes.] In architecture, an orna- 
ment, commonly triangular, but sometimes circular, that 
finishes the fronts of buildings, and serves as a decoration 
over gates, windows, and niches. 

PED'I-PALP, n. [L. pes and palpo.] One of an order of 
spiders whose feelers are extended before the head, armed 
with a forceps, i 

PED-I-PALP'OUS, a. Pertaining to the pedipalps. 

PED'I-REME, n. [L. pes, a foot, and remus, an oar.l A crus- 
taceous animal, whose feet serve the purpose of oars. 

PED'LER. See Peddlek. 

* PE-DO-BAP'TISM, n. [Gr. TratS or naidos, and Pannoua.] 

The baptism of infants or of children. 

* PE-DO-BAP'TIST, n. One who holds to infant baptism ; 

one who practices the baptism of children. 
PE-DOM'E-TER, n. [L. pes, and Gr. uerpov.] An instrument 

by which the paces of a traveler on foot, or the rotations 

of a carriage-wheel, are numbered, and the distance from 

place to place ascertained. 
PED-0-MET'RI€-AL, a. Pertaining to a pedometer. 
PE-DUN'€LE (pe-dunkl), n. [L. pes.] 1. In botany, the stem 

or stalk that supports the flower and fruit of a plant. — 2. 

In conchology, a sort of stem by which certain shells are 

attached to wood or other objects. 
PE-DUNCU-LAR, a. Pertaining to a peduncle. — Martyn. 
PE-DUNC'U-LATE, \ a. Having a peduncle ; growing on 
PE-DUNC'U-Ll-TED, $ a peduncle, 
f- PEE, v. i. To look with one eye. — Ray. 
\ PEED, a. Blind of one eje.—Raij. 
PEEK, in our popular dialect, is the same as peep, to look 

through a crevice. 
PEEL, v. t. [Fr. peler, piller ; Sp. pelar, pillar.] 1. To strip 

off skin, bark, or rind without a cutting instrument ; to 

strip by drawing or tearing off the skin ; to bark ; to flay ; 

to decorticate ; to skin. — 2. In a general sense, to remove 

the skin, bark, or rind, even with an instrument ; to pare. 

3. To strip ; to plunder ; to pillage. — Milton. 
PEEL, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or rind. — Smart. 
PEEL, n. [L. pellis ; Fr. peau.] The skin or rind. 

PEEL, n. [Fr. pelle.] A kind of wooden shovel used by 
bakers, with a broad palm and long handle ; hence, in 
popular use in America, any large fire-shovel. 

PEEL.ED, pp. or a. Stripped of skin, bark, or rind ; plun- 
dered; pillaged. 

PEEL'ER, n. 1. One who peels, strips, or flays. 2. A plun- 
derer ; a pillager. 

PEEL'ING, ppr. Stripping off skin or bark ; plundering. 

PEEP, v. i. [Ir. pioba?n ; D. piepen.] 1. To begin to appear ; 
to make the first appearance ; to issue or come forth from 
concealment. 2. To look through a crevice ; to look nar- 



rowly, closely, or slily. 3. To cry, as chickens ; to utter 
a fine, shrill sound, as throiigh a crevice. 
PEEP, n. 1. First appearance. 2. A sly look, or a loofc 

through a crevice. 3. The cry of a chicken. 
PEEP'-HoLE, In. A hole or crevice through which 
PEEP'ING-HoLE, J one may peep. 
PEEP'ER, n. 1. A chicken just breaking the shell. — Bram- 

ston. — 2. In familiar language, the eye. 
PEEPING, ppr. 1. Looking through a crevice. 2. Crying, 
like a chicken. 

PEER, n. [Fr. pair; L.^ar.] 1. An equal; one of the saane 
rank. 2. An equal in excellence or endowments. 3. A 
companion ; a fellow ; an associate. 4. A nobleman. 

PEER, v. i. [L. pareo.] 1. To come just in sight ; to ap- 
pear. — Shah. ; [a poetic word.] 2. To look narrowly ; to 
peep. 

PEERAGE, n. 1. The rank or dignity of a peer or nobl^ 
man. — Blackstone. 2. The body of peers. — Dryden. 

f PEER'DoM (-dum), n. Peerage. 

PEER'ESS, n. The consort of a peer ; a noble lady. 

PEER'LESS, a. Unequaled ; having no peer or equal. 

PEER'LESS-LY, adv. Without an equal. 

PEER'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no equal. 

PEE'VISH, a. [Scot, pew, to complain.] 1. Apt to mutter 
and complain ; easily vexed or fretted ; hard to please. 2. 
Expressing discontent or fretfulness. 3. Silly; childish. 
Shak. — Syn. Fretful ; querulous ; petulant ; cross ; ill-na- 
tured ; ill-tempered ; testy ; spleeny ; irritable ; waspish ; 
captious ; discontented. 

PEE'VISH-LY, adv. Fretfully ; petulantly ; with discontent 
and murmuring. — Hayward. 

PEE'VISH-NESS, n. Fretfulness ; petulance ; disposition 
to murmur ; sourness of temper. — Swift. 

PEG, n. [L. pango, pactus.] 1. A small, pointed piece of 
wood used in fastening boards or other work of wood. 
2. The pins of an instrument on which the strings are 
strained. 3. A nickname for Margaret. — To take a peg 
lower, to come down ; to sink. — Hudibras. 

PEG, v. t. To fasten with pegs. — Evelyn. 

PEG'A-SUS, n. [L. from Gr.] 1. In Greek mythology, a 
winged horse. — 2. In astronomy, one of the northern con- 
stellations. — 3. In zoology, a genus of fishes with large pec- 
toral fins, by means of which they can take short flights 
through the air. — Brande. 

PEGGED, pp. or a. Fastened or furnished with pegs. 

PEG'GER, n. One who fastens with pegs. — Sherwood. 

PEG'GING, ppr. Securing with pegs. 

PeGM (pern), n. [Gr. tr>]yua.] A sort of moving machine 
in the old pageants.— Ben Jonson. 

PEG'MA-TlTE, n. A variety of granite. 

PEl-RAM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring the 
amount of resistance to wheel-carriages on roads of differ 
ent construction. — Fancis. 

PEl-RASTIC, a. [Gr. ireipaoTiKos.] 1. Attempting; making 
trial. 2. Treating of or representing trials or attempts. 

PElSE. See Poise. 

PEKAN, n. A carnivorous quadraped of the weasel fam 
ily, called, also, the fisher, found in Canada and the north 
ernJJnited States. It grows to the length of 3 or 4 feet. 

PEK'oE, n. A kind of black tea, said to be scented with s 
shrub called pekoe. 

PEL'AdE, 7i. [Fr.] The vesture or covering of wild beasts 
consisting of hair, fur, or wool. 

PE-LI'61-AN, ) a. [L. pelagus.] Pertaining to the sea, oi 

PE-LA6TG, > deep sea. — Journ. of Science. 

PE-La'gI-AN, n. [from Pelagius.] A follower of Pelagius 
who denied the doctrines of original sin, dependence or 
the Holy Spirit, &c. — Bishop Hall. 

PE-LI'61-AN, a. Pertaining to Pelagius- and his doctrines. 

PE-LI'61-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Pelagius.— South. 

PEL-aR-Go'NI-UM, n. [Gr. izeXapyos.] A genus of orna 
mental plants allied to the geranium. 

PEL'E-RINE, 7i. A ladies' long cape, with ends coming 
down to a point before. 

PELF, n. [probably allied to pilfer.] Money ; riches ; petty 
gains. 

t PEL'FRAY. } Formerl y us ea for pelf. 

PEL'I-€AN, n. [Low L. pelecanus.] 1. A large water-fowl 
of the genus pelecanus, having an enormous bill, to which 
is attached a bag or pouch for holding the fish taken for 
food. 2. A chemical glass vessel or alembic, with a tubu- 
lated capital, from each side of which hollow arms pass 
out and enter the body of the vessel. 

Pe'LI-OM, n. [Gr. jreXiuua.] A mineral of the iolite kind. 

PE-LISSE' (pe-lees'), n. [Fr.] Originally, a furred robe or 
coat. But the name is now given to a silk coat or habit 
worn by ladies. 

PELL, n. [L. pellis; It. pelle.] 1. A skin or hide. 2. A roll 
of parchment.— Clerk of the pells, in England, an oflicer of 
the exchequer, who enters every teller's bills on the parch 
ment rolls, the roll of receipts, and the roll of disburse 
ments. 



" See Synopsis. A. K, I, &c, long.— A, E, i, &c.. 



t.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD :— MOVE, BOOK. 



PEN 



727 



PEN 



PELL'-MELL, ado. With confused violence. — Shak. 

PEL'LET, n. [Fr. pelote.] 1. A little ball— Bacon. 2. A 
bullet ; a ball for fire-arms. — Bacon ; [obs.] 

f PEL'LET. v. t. To form into little balls.— Shak. 

PEL'LET-ED, a. Consisting of bullets.— Shak. 

PEL'LI-€LE (pelle-kl), a. [L. pellicula.] 1. A thin skin or 
film. — 2. Among chemists, a thin, saline crust formed on 
the surface of a solution of salt evaporated to a certain 
degree. 

PEL'LI-TO-RY, n. [Sp. pelitre.] The^name of several plants 
of different genera, sometimes used in medicine. 

PELLS, n. pi. Clerk of the pells. See Pell. 

PEL-Lu'CID, a. [L. pellucidus.] Perfectly clear ; transpar- 
ent; not opake. — Woodward. 

PEL-LU-CID'I-TY, {n. Perfect clearness ; transparency. 

PEL-Lu'CID-NESS, 5 —Locke. 

PEL-Lu'CID-LY, adv. With clearness ; transparently. 

PE-Lo'PI-UM, n. A metal recently discovered in columbite. 

PEL-O-PON-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Peloponnesus. 

PEL-O-PON-Ne'SUS, n. [Gr. iuAoi/Tand vncoS-] A celebra- 
ted peninsula, comprehending the southern part of Greece, 
now called Morea. 

PELT, n. [G. peh ; L. peilis.} 1. The skin of a beast with 
the hah - on it ; a raw hide. 2. The quarry of a hawk all 
torn. 3. A blow or stroke from something thrown. 

PELT, v. t. [Fr. peloter, from pelote.] 1. Properly, to strike 
with something thrown, driven, or falling. 2. To drive by 
throwing something. — Atterburv. 

PELT'-MoN"GER, n. A dealer in pelts or raw hides. 

PELT'-WOOL, 72. Wool plucked from the pelts or skins of 
sheep after their death. 

PELTATE, \ a. [L. pclta.] In botany, fixed to the stalk 

PELT'a-TED, 5 by the center, or by some point distinctly 
within the margin. — Lindley. 

PELT'ATE-LY, adv. In a peltate manner. 

PELT'ED, pp. Sti-uck with something thrown or driven. 

PELT'ER, n. One who pelts ; also, a pinch-penny ; a mean, 
sordid person. — Huloet. 

PELTING, ppr. Striking with something thrown or driven. 

PELTING, n. An assault with any thing thrown. — Shak. 

PELTING, ei. In Shakspeare, mean ; paltry. [Improper.] 

PELT'RY, n. The skins of animals producing fur ; skins 
with tha fur on them; furs in general. — Smollett. 

PEL YI€. a. Pertaining to the pelvis, — Med. Journ. 

PEL-VDI'E-TER n. [L. pelvis, and Gr. fierpov.] An instru- 
ment to measure the dimensions of the female pelvis. 

PEL'VIS, n. [L. pelvis.] The cavity of the body formed by 
the os sacrum, os coccygis, and ossa innominata, constitu- 
ting the lower part of "the abdomen. 

PEM T MI-€AN, n. Meat cured, pulverized, and mixed with 
fat. It contains much nutriment in small compass, and is 
of great use in long voyages of exploration. 

PEN, n. [L.penna; Sax.pinn; D. pen.] 1. An instrument 
used for writing, usually made of the quill of a goose or 
other bird, but it may be of any other material, as of steel, 
gold, &c. 2. A feather ; a wing. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

PEN, v. t. ; pret. and pp. penned. To write ; to compose and 
commit to paper. — Addison. 

PEN, n. [Sax. pinan.] A small inclosure for beasts, as for 
cows or sheep. 

PEN, v. t. ; pret. and pp. penned or pent. To shut in a pen ; 
to confine in a small inclosure; to coop; to confine in a 
narrow place. — Milton. 

PEN'-€UT-TER n. One whose occupation is to make pens. 

PE'NAL, a. [Fr., Sp. ; It. pe?iale.] 1. Enacting punishment ; 
denouncing the punishment of offenses. 2. Inflicting pun- 
ishment. 3. Incurring punishment ; subject to a penalty. 

I PE-NAL'I-TY, n. Liableness or condemnation to punish- 
ment. — Brown. 

PE'NAL-LY, adv. As a penalty. 

PENAL-T Y, n. [It. penalita. \ 1. The suffering in person or 
property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to 
the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass, as a pun- 
ishment. 2. The suffering to which a person subjects 
himself by covenant or agreement, in case of non-fulfill- 
ment of his stipulations ; the forfeiture or sum to be for- 
feited for non-payment, or for non-compliance with an 
agreement ; a fine or mulct. 

PENANCE, a. [Sp. penantc.] 1. The suffering, labor, or 
pain to which a person voluntarily subjects himself, or 
which is imposed on him by authority as a punishment for 
his faults, or as an expression of penitence. 2. Repent- 
ance.— Wickliffe ; [obs.] 

PE-Na'TeS, n. pi. [L.] Household gods of the ancient Ital- 
ians. — Brande. 

PENCE (pens), n. The plural of penny, when used of a 
sum of money or value. 

TEN-CHaST' (pan-shSngO, n. [Fr.] Inclination. 

PEN'CIL, n. [Fr. pinceau ; Sp., pincel.] 1. A small brush 
used by painters for laying on colors. Hence, figuratively, 
the art of painting. 2. An instrument formed of black- 
lead or red chalk, with a point at one end, used for writ- 
ing and drawing. 3. Any instrument of writing without 



ink. — 4. In optics, an aggregate or collection of rays oi 
light. 

PEN'CIL, v. t. To paint or draw ; to write or mark with a 
pencil. — Sliak. 

PEN'CIL-SHiPED (-shapt), a. Having the shape of a pencil. 

PEN'CILjED, pp. or a. 1. Painted, drawn, or marked with 
a pencil. 2. Radiated ; having pencils of rays. 

PEN'CIL-ING, ppr. Painting, drawing, or marking with 8 
pencil. 

PEN'CIL-LNG, n. The act of painting or sketching. 

PEN'CRaFT, n. Penmanship ; chirography. — Bruce. 

PENDANT, n. [Fr. ; L. pendeo.] 1. An ornament or jewel 
hanging at the ear, usually composed of pearl or some 
precious stone. 2. A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, 
&c, much used in Gothic architecture. 3. Any thing 
hanging by way of ornament. — 4. In the fine arts, a picture 
or print which, from uniformity of size and subject, hangs 
as a companion of another. Brande. — 5. In heraldry, a 
part hanging from the label, resembling the drops in the 
Doric frieze. 6. A long, narrow piece of bunting worn at 
the mast-heads of vessels of war. — Broad pendant is a 
square piece, carried in the same way, in a commodore's 
vessel. [See Pennant.] 7. A rope or strap to which a 
purchase is hooked.— R. H. Dana, Jr. [See Pennant.] 8. 
A pendulum ; [obs.] 

PEND'ENCE, n. [L. pendens.] Slope ; inclination. 

PEND'EN-CY, n. [L. pendens.] Suspense; the state of be 
ing undecided. 

PEND'ENT, a. [L. pendens.] 1. Hanging ; fastened at one 
end, the other being loose. 2. Jutting over ; projecting. 
3. Supported above tiie ground. 

PEN-DEN' TE LI'TE. [L.] Pending the suit or action. 

PEND-ENTIYE, n. In architecture, the portion of a vault 
between the arches under a dome. — Brande. 

PEND'ENT-LY". adv. In a pendent manner. 

PENDING, a. [L. pendeo.] Depending ; remaining unde- 
cided ; not terminated. 

t PENDTTLE, n. A pendulum.— Evelyn. 

PEND-U-LOS'I-TY, \n. The state of hanging ; suspen- 

PENTW-LOCS-NESS, j sion. 

PEND'U-LOUS. a. [L. pendulus.] Hanging ; swinging ; 
fastened at one end, the other being movable. 

PENDTT-LUM, n. [L. pendulus, pendulum.] A body sus- 
pended by a right line from a fixed point, and moving 
freely about that point as a center. 'The pendulum of a 
clock serves, by its oscillations, to regulate the time. — Bal- 
listic pendulum. [See Ballistic Pendulum.] — Compensa- 
tion pendulum, one containing some contrivance for coun- 
teracting the expansion of the rod by heat and its contrac- 
tion by cold, so as to keep the pendulum always of the 
same effective length. — Gridiron pendulum, a species of 
compensation pendulum, consisting of parallel bars of 
different metals, so arranged that the length of the pendu- 
lum remains unaltered by changes of temperature. — Mer- 
curial pendulum, a species of compensation pendulum, 
having the rod made of steel and the weight formed by a 
glass vessel filled with mercury, which, by its expansion 
or contraction, compensates for the changes in the length 
of the rod. — Olmsted. — Brande. 

PEN-E-TRA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of being penetrated, 
or of being entered or passed through by another body. 

PEN'E-TRA^BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. penetrabllis.] 1. That may be 
penetrated, entered, or pierced by another body. 2. Sus- 
ceptible of moral or intellectual impression. 

PEN-E-TRa'LLA, n. pi. [L.] The interior or innermost 
parts of any place, as of a temple, palace, &c. ; hence, the 
hidden things or secrets. The Anglicized form, penetrail, 
is not used. 

PEN'E-TRAN-CY r , n. [L. penetrans.] Power of entering or 
piercing. — Ray. 

PEN'E-TRANT, a. [L. penetrans.] Having the power to en- 
ter or pierce ; sharp ; subtil. — Boyle. 

PEN'E-TRaTE, v. t. [L. penetro.] 1. To enter or pierce ; 
to make way into another body. 2. To affect the mind , 
to cause to feel. 3. To reach by the intellect ; to under- 
stand. 4. To enter ; to pass into the interior. 

PEN'E-TRaTE, v. i. 1. To pass : to make way. 2. To 
make way intellectually. 

PEN'E-TRa-TED, pp. Entered ; pierced ; understood ; fath- 
omed. 

PEN'E-TRa-TING, ppr. 1. Entering ; piercing ; understand 
ing. 2. a. Having the power of entering or piercing an 
other body ; sharp ; subtile. 3. Acute ; discerning ; saga- 
cious ; quick to understand 

PEN'E-TRa-TING-LY, adv. In a penetrating manner. 

PEN-E-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of entering a body. 2 
Mental entrance into any thing abstruse. 3. The power 
by which the mind sees through any thing difficult or ab- 
struse. — Syn. Acuteness ; sagacity ; sagaciousness ; sharp- 
ness ; discernment ; discrimination. 

PEN'E-TRA-TlVE, a. 1. Piercing; sharp ; subtile.— Wotton. 
2. Acute ; sagacious ; discerning. — Swift. 3. Having the 
power to affect or impress the mind. — Shak. 



D6VE ;— BULL, tJNITE — AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PEN 



728 



PEN 



PEJfE-TRA-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being penetra- 
tive. 

PEN'FISH, n. A kind of eelpout with a smooth skin. 

PEN'GUIN (pen'gwin), n. 1. Penguins are diving, web-footed 
birds, peculiar to the Antarctic shores, having wings too 
short for flight, but used as fins or paddles in swimming 
under water. On land they stand erect. They are allied 
to the auks. 2. A species of West India fruit. — Miller. 

PEN'I-CIL, n. [L. penicillus.] 1. Among physicians, a tent 
or pledget for wounds or ulcers. 2. A species of shell. 

PEN-I-CIL'LATE, a. [L. penicillus, a pencil or small brush.] 
In natural history, pencil-formed ; consisting of a bundle 
of short, compact, or close fibres. 

PEN-IN'SU-LA, n. [L. pene and insula ; It. penesolo.] 1. A 
portion of land, connected with a continent by a narrow 
neck or isthmus, but nearly surrounded with water. 2. 
A large extent of country joining the main land by a part 
narrower than the tract itself. — In Europe, Spain and 
Portugal are sometimes called the peninsula. 

PEN-IN'SU-LAR, a. In the form or state of a peninsula ; 
pertaining to a peninsula ; inhabiting a peninsula. 

PEN-IN'SU-LaTE, v. t. To encompass almost with water ; 
to form a peninsula. — Bentley's Hist. Coll. 

PEN-IN'SU-La-TED, pp. Almost surrounded with water. 

PEN-IN'SU-La-TING, ppr. Nearly surrounding with water. 

Pe'NIS, n. [L.] The male organ of generation. 

PEN'I-TENCE, > n. [Fr. penitence ; L. panitentia.] Pain ; 

PEN'I-TEN-CY, J sorrow or grief of heart for sins or of- 
fenses. — Syn. Repentance ; contrition ; compunction ; re- 
morse. 

PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. panitens.] Suffering pain or sor- 
row of heart on account of sins, crimes, or offenses ; con- 
trite ; repentant. 

PEN'I-TENT, n. 1. One who repents of sin ; one sorrowful 
on account of his transgressions. 2. One under church 
censure, but admitted to penance. — Stillingjleet. 3. One 
under the direction of'' a confessor. — Penitents is an appel- 
lation given to certain charitable fraternities in Roman 
Catholic countries, distinguished by their party-colored 
garments. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIAL (-shal), a. [Fr. penitentiel.] Proceeding 
from or expressing penitence or contrition of heart. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIAL, n. Among the Roman Catholics, a book 
containing the rales which relate to penance and the rec- 
onciliation of penitents. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a penitential manner. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY, a. Relating to penance, or to the rales 
and measures of penance. — Bramhall. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY, n. 1. One who prescribes the rules 
and measures of penance. — Bacon. 2. A penitent ; one 
who does penance. Hammond. — 3. At the court of Rome, 
an office in which are examined and delivered out the se- 
cret bulls, graces, or dispensations relating to cases of con- 
science, confession, &c. — Encyc. 4. An officer in some 
cathedrals, vested with power from the bishop to absolve 
in cases reserved to him. 5. A house of correction in 
which offenders are confined for punishment and refor- 
mation, and compelled to labor ; a work-house or state 
prison. 

PEN'I-TENT-LY, adv. With penitence ; with repentance, 
sorrow, or contrition for sin. 

PEN'KNiFE (-nife), n. A small knife used for making and 
mending pens. See Pen and Knife. 

PEN'MAN, n. ; pi. Penmen. 1. A man who professes or 
teaches the art of writing. 2. One who writes a good 
hand. 3. An author ; a writer. — Addison. 

PEN'MAN-SHIP, n. 1. The use of the pen in writing ; the 
art of writing. 2. Manner of writing. 

PEN'NAcH.ED (pen'nasht), a. [Fr. pennache.] Radiated ; di- 
versified with natural stripes of various colors, as a flower. 
[Rare.] 

PEN'NANT, 1 n. [Fr. j 'anion, pennon ; It.pennone; Sp. pen- 

PEN'NON, > don.] 1. A small flag ; a banner. — 2. In na- 
val affairs, a long narrow piece of bunting, worn at the 
mast-heads of vessels of war. — Broad pennant is a square 
piece, carried in the same way, in a commodore's vessel. 
3. A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked. 

PENNATE, la. [L. pennatus.] 1. Winged.— 2. In botany, 

PEN'NI-TED, 5 a pennate leaf is a compound leaf in which 
a simple petiole has several leaflets attached to each side 
of it. See Pinnate. 

PENNED (jpend),pp. Written. 

PENNED, a. Winged ; having plumes. — Huloet. 

PEN'NER, n. 1. A writer. 2. A pen-case ; [local] 

PEN'NI-FORM, a. [L. penna and form.] Having the form 
of a quill or feather. — Encyc. 

PEN-NICt'ER-OUS, a. [L. penna and gero.] Bearing feathers 
or quills. 

PEN'NI-LESS, a. Moneyless; destitute of money ; poor. 

PEN'NI-LESS-NESS, n. The state of being moneyless. 

PENNING, ppr. Committing to writing. 

t PEN'NING, n. Composition ; style of writing.— Shalt. 

PEN'NON. See Pennant. 



PENNY, n. ; pi. Pennies or Pence. Pennies denotes the 
number of coins ; pence the amount of pennies in value, 
[Sax. penig ; D., Sw. penning.] 1. An ancient English si - " 
ver coin ; but now an imaginary money of account, twelv* 
of which are equal to a shilling. — 2. In ancient Englis* 
statutes, any or all silver money. — 3. Proverbially, a small 
sum. 4. Money in general. — Dryden. 

PEN'NY-A-LlN'ER, n. A term of contempt for those who 
furnish matter for public journals at a penny a line. [Eng.] 

PEN'NY-PoST, n. A post that carries letters from the post- 
office and delivers them to the proper persons. 

PEN-NY-ROY' AL, n. An aromatic herb ; in England, mentha 
pulegium ; in the United States, hedeoma pulegioides. 

PEN'NY-WEIGHT (-wate), n. A Troy weight containing 
twenty -four grains, or the twentieth part of an ounce. 

PEN'NY-WlSE, a. Saving small sums at the hazard of 
larger ; niggardly on improper occasions. 
PEN'NY-WoRTH (-wurth), n. 1. As much as is bought 
for a penny. 2. Any purchase ; any thing bought or sold 
for money ; that which is worth the money given. — South 

3. A good bargain ; something advantageously purchased, 
or for less than it is worth. — Dryden. 4. A small quantity 

PE-NO-L06TG-AL, a. Pertaining to public punishment. 

PE-NOL'0-(5Y, n. [Gr. noivy, L. pozna, pain, and Aoyof, dis- 
course.] The science which treats of public punishments. 

PEN'SILE, a. [L. pensilis.] 1. Hanging; suspended. 2. 
Supported above the ground. 

PEN'SiLE-NESS, n. The state of hanging.— Bacon. 

PEN'SION (-shun), n. [Fr., Sp. ; It. pensione.] 1. An annua* 
allowance of a sum of money to a person by government 
in consideration of past services. 2. An annual payment 
by an individual to an old or disabled servant — 3. In Great 
Britain, an annual allowance made by government to in- 
digent widows of officers killed or dying in public service. 

4. Payment of money ; rent. 5. A yearly payment in the 
inns of court ; [Eng.] 6. A certain sum of money paid 
to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. — Cyc. 7. An allowance 
or annual payment, considered in the light of a bribe. 

PEN'SION, v. t. To grant a pension to ; to grant an annual 
allowance from the public treasury to a person for past 
services, or on account of disability incurred in public 
service, or of old age. 

PEN'SION-A-RY, a. 1. Maintained by a pension ; receiving 
a pension. 2. Consisting in a pension. 

PEN'SION-A-RY, n. 1. A person who receives a pension or 
annual allowance for past services. — 2. Formerly, the first 
magistrate of the state or republic of Holland, commonly 
called the Grand Pensionary. Also, the chief municipal 
magistrate of a town in Holland or Zealand. — P. Cyc. 

PEN'SIONED, pp. or a. Having a pension. 

PEN'SION-ER, n. 1. One to whom an annual sum of mon- 
ey is paid by government in consideration of past services. 
2. One who receives an annual allowance for services. 3. 
A dependent. — 4. In the University of Cambridge, England, 
and in that of Dublin, a student of the second rank (cor- 
responding to commoner at Oxford), who is not dependent 
on the foundation for support, but pays for his board and 
other charges. [Fr. pensionnaire, one who pays for his 
board.] — Brande. 5. One of an honorable band of gentle- 
men who attend on the King of England, and receive a 
pension or an annual allowance of a hundred pounds. 

PEN'SION-ING, ppr. Granting an annual allowance for past 
services. 

PEN'SlVE, a. [It. pensivo ; Fr. pensif] 1. Literally, thought- 
ful ; employed in serious study or reflection ; but it often 
implies some degree of sorrow, anxiety, depression, or 
gloom of mind ; thoughtful and sad, or sorrowful. 2. Ex- 
pressing thoughtfulness with sadness. - 

PEN'SlVE-LY, adv. With thoughtfulness ; with gloomy se- 
riousness or some degree of melancholy. 

PEN'SIVE-NESS, n. Gloomy thoughtfulness ; melancholy ; 
seriousness from depressed spirits. 

PEN'STOCK, n. [pen and stock.] A small sluice or flood- 
gate employed to retain or let go at pleasure the water of 
a mp or other pond. 

PENT, pp. or a. from pen. Shut up ; closely confined : often 
with up. 

PENT'-HOUSE, n. [Fr. pente and house.] A shed standing 
aslope from the main wall or building. 

PENT'-ROOF, n. A roof all of whose slope is on one 
side. 

PEN'TA-CHORD, n. [Gr. nevre, and chord.] 1. An instra 
ment of music with five strings. 2. An order or system 
of five sounds. 

PEN-TA-€0€'€OUS, a. [Gr. ttzvtc, and L. coccus.] Havin? 
or containing five grains or seeds. 

PEN-TACRI-NlTE, n. [Gr. nevre and kdlvov.] A fossil al- 
lied to the encrinites, so called from the pentagonal form 
of its jointed pedicel. . . 

PEN-TA-CROS'TI€, a. [Gr. itsvre, and acrostic] Containing 
five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of each 

A set of vers-o-i so disposed as to 



PEN-TA-€ROS'TI€, 



* See Synopsis. A K, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, slwrt.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



PEN 



729 



PER 



have five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of 
each verse. 

PEN-TA-DACTYL, n. [Gr. ttevte and 5aKrv\oS.) 1. In bota- 
ny, a plant, palma Christi, sometimes called five fingers, 
from the shape of its leaves. Encyc. — 2 In ichthyology, 
the five-fingered fish. 

PENTA-GON, n. [Gr. ttevte and yuvia.] 1. In geometry, a 
plane figure having five angles, and consequently five sides. 
— 2. In fortification, a fort with five bastions. 

PEN-TAG'ON-AL, la. Having five corners or angles.— 

PEN-TAG'ON-OUS, j Martyn. 

PEN-TAG'ON-AL-LY, adv. With five angles. 

PEN'TA-GRAPH, n. An instrument for copying, reducing, 
or enlarging plans or figures. [This word, from its deri- 
vation, is more properly written pantograph.'] 

PEN-TA-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to a pentagraph ; 

PEN-TA-GRAPHTC-AL, ] performed by a pentagraph. 

PEN-TA-6YNT-A, n. pi. [Gr. ttevte and yvvn.] In botany, an 
order of plants having five styles. 

PEN-TAg'yVoIjV \ a ' ^ botany, having five styles. 

PEN-TA-HE'DRAL, { „ • , , ., 

PEN-TA-HE'DROUS, \ a ' HaYm S five e( * ual Sldes - 

PEN-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. ttevte and iSpa.] A solid figure 
having five equal sides. 

PEN-TA-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. ttevte, and hexahedral] 
In crystallography, exhibiting five ranges of faces one above 
another, each range containing six faces. 

PEN-TAM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ttevte and uzrpov.] In ancient 
poetry, a verse of five feet. 

PEN-TAM'E-TER, a. Having five metrical feet— Warton. 

PEN-TANTJRI-A, n. pi. [Gr. ttevte and avrjp.] In botany, a 
class of hermaphrodite plants having five stamens with 
distinct filaments not connected with the pistil. 

PEN-TAN'DRI-AN, 1 a. Hermaphrodite, having five stamens 

PEN-TAN'DROUS, j with distinct filaments not connected 
with the pistil. 

PEN-TAVGU-LAR, a. [Gr. ttevte, and angular.] Having 
five comers or angles. — Grew. 

PEN-TA-PETAL-OU8, a. [Gr. ttevte and ttetoXov.] Having 
five petals or flower-leaves. — Encyc. 

PEN-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. ttevte and <pv\\ov.] Having 
five leaves. 

PENTXRCH-Y, n. [Gr. ttevte and apxn-] A government in 
the bands of five persons. — Brewer. 

PEN'TA-SPAST, n. [Gr. ttevte and onau.] An engine with 
five pulleys. — Diet. 

PEN-TA-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. ttevte and onEpua.] Contain- 
ing five seeds. — Encyc. 

PENTA-STICH (-stik), n. [Gr. ttevte and ctixoS.] A com- 
position consisting of five verses. — Diet. 

PEN'TA-STYLE, n. [Gr. tievte and otv\oS.] In architecture, 
an edifice bavins: five columns in front. 

PENTA-TEuCH (-Hike), n. [Gr. ttevte and tevxoS.] The 
first five books of the Old Testament. 

PEN'TE-€ON-TER, n. A Grecian vessel of fifty oars, small- 
er than a trireme. — Mitford. 

• PENTE-COST, n. [Gr. ttevtekoote.) 1. A solemn festival 
of the Jews, so called because celebrated on the fiftieth 
day after the feast of the passover ; also called the feast 
of weeks, from its being seven weeks from the sixteenth of 
Nisan, or third day of the passover. 2. Whitsuntide, a festi- 
val of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commem- 
oration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. 

PEN-TE-COST'AL, a. Pertaining to Pentecost or to Whit- 
suntide. 

PEN-TE-COST'ALS, n. pi. Oblations formerly made by 
parishioners to the parish priest at Whitsuntide, the feast 
of Pentecost. 

PENTE-COS-TER, n. [Gr.] In ancient Greece, a military 
officer commanding fifty men. — Mitford. 

PEN'TE-COS-TYS, n. [Gr.] A body of fifty soldiers. 

PENTlCE, n. [it. pendice.] A sloping roof. [Little used.] 

PENTlLE, n. See Pantile. 

PENTRE-MiTE, n. A fossil allied to the encrinites. 
Pe'NULT, n. [L. penuUimus.] The last syllable of a ward 

except one. 
PE-NULT'I-MA, n. The same as penult. 
PE-NULTT-MATE, a. The last but one ; a word used of the 
last syllable of a word except one. It may be sometimes 
used as a noun. 
PE-NUMBRA, n. [L. pene and umbra.] 1. In astronomy, a 
partial shadow or obscurity on the margin of the perfect 
shadow in an eclipse. — 2. In painting, the point of a pic- 
ture where the shade blends with the light. — Elmes. 
PE-NC'RI-OUS, a. [It. penurioso.] 1. Excessively saving or 
sparing in the use of money. 2. Scanty ; affording little. 
Addison. — Syn. Parsimonious ; close ; covetous ; miserly ; 
niggardly; sordid. 
PE-Nu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a saving or parsimonious man- 
ner ; with scanty supply. 
PE-Nfj'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Parsimony; a sordid disposi- 
tion to save money. 2. Scantiness ; not plenty. 



PEN'H-RY, n. [L.penmia.] Want of property ; indigence 
need ; extreme poverty. — Sprat. 

PE'ON, n. 1. In Hindostan. a foot-soldier.— 2. In France, i 
common man in chess ; usually written and called pawn. 

PE'O-NY, n. [L pceonia.] A plant of the genus pceonia, and 
its flower, which is large and beautiful, in the common 
species of a fine red color, but in some species white, pur- 
ple. &c. 

PeO'PLE (pe'pl), n. [Fr. peuple; L.populus; Sp. pueblo.] 1 
The body of persons who compose a community, town, 
city, or nation. 2. The vulgar ; the mass of illiterate per- 
sons. 3. The commonalty, as distincc from men of rank. 
4. Persons of a particular class ; a part of a nation or com- 
munity ; as, city people. 5. Persons in general ; any per- 
sons indefinitely. 6. A collection or community of animals. 
Prov., xxx., 25. — 7. When people signifies a separate nation 
or tribe, it has the plural number. — 8. In Stricture, fathere 
or kindred. 9. The Gentiles. 

PeO'PLE, v. t. [Fr. peuplcr.] To stock with inhabitants. 

PeO'PLED, pp. or a. Stocked or furnished with inhabit 
ants. 

PeO'PLING, ppr. Stocking with inhabitants. 

tPEOTLlSH, a. Vulgar.— Chaucer. 

PE-PASTIC, n. [Gr. -l-aivu).] A medicine used to promote 
proper suppuration and granulation in wounds not healed 
by the first intention, and in ulcers. 

PEP-ER-i'NO, n. [It] A volcanic rock, formed by the ce- 
menting together of sand, cinders, &c. 

PEP'PER, n. [L. piper ; Sax. peppor ; D. peper.] A plant and 
its fruit, of the genus piper. It has a strong aromatic smell 
and a pungent taste, and is imported chiefly from South- 
eastern Asia. See, also, Cayenne Pepper and Guinea 
Peppek. 

PEP'PER, v. t. 1. To sprinkle with pepper. 2. To beat ; to 
pelt with shot ; to mangle with blows. — Shak. 

PEP'PER-BOX, n. A small box with a perforated lid, used 
for sprinkling pulverized pepper on food. 

PEP'PER-CaKE, n. A kind of spiced cake or ejnserbread. 

PEP'PER-CORN, n. 1. The berry or fruit of "the pepper- 
plant 2. Something of inconsiderable value. 

PEP'PER-GIN'gER-BReAD (-bred), n. A kind of cake made 
in England. 

PEP'PER- WATER, n. A liquor prepared from powdered 
black pepper, used in microscopical observations. 

PEPTER-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus lepidium. 

PEP'PERED, pp. or a. Sprinkled with pepper ; pelted, 
spotted. 

PEP'PER-GRISS, n. A kind of cress, lepidium sativum 
sometimes cultivated for the table. Also, a trailing plan! 
of the genus pilularia. 

PEP'PER-IDgE, n. 1. The tupelo, or black gum, a tree with 
very toush wood. — 2. Pepperidge bush, the barberry. 

PEP'PER-ING, ppr. 1. Sprinkling with pepper ; pelting. 2. 
a. Hot ; pungent ; angry. — Swift. 

PEP'PER-ING, n. A pelting with shot or blows. 

PEP'PER-MINT, n. A pungent aromatic plant of the genua 
mentha. 

PEP'PER-MLNT-TREE, n. The eucalyptus piperita, a tree 
of New Holland. 

PEPTER.-Y, a, Having the qualities of pepper. 

PEP'SIN, n. [Gr. tti^isJ] A substance secreted by the stom- 
ach of animals and present in the gastric juice. It is pre- 
pared artificially from rennet. — Graham. 

PEPTIC, a. [Gr. ttetttikoS-] Promoting digestion ; relating 
to digestion. 

PER. A Latin preposition, denoting through, passing, or 
over the whole extent, as in perambulo. Hence it is some- 
times equivalent to very in English, as in peracutus, very 
sharp. As a prefix, in English, it retains these significa- 
tions, and in che?nistry it is used to denote very or fully, to 
the utmost extent, as in peroxyd, a substance oxydated to the 
utmost degree. So, also, perchlorid, &c. — Per is iised also 
for by ; as, per bearer, by the bearer. 

t PER- ACT', v. t. To perform ; to practice. 

PER-A-CCTE', a. [L. peracutus.] Very sharp ; very violent 
[Little used.] 

PER-AD-VENTPRE, adv. [Fr. par aventure.] By chance : 

perhaps ; it may be. — Hooker. It has been used, as a noun, 

for doubt or question, but rather improperly. The word 

is obsolescent. 

PER'A-GRITE.v. i. [L.peragro.] To travel over or through ; 

to wander ; to ramble. [Little used.] 
PER-A-GR1TION, n. The act of passing through any space. 

—Brown. [Little used ] 
PER-AM'BU-LiTE, v. t. [L. perambulo.] To walk through 
or over ; to pass through or over for the purpose of sur 
veying or examining something ; to visit as overseers. 
PER-AM'BU-La-TED, pp. Passe"d over ; inspected. 
PER-AM'BU-La-TING, ppr. Passing over or through for 

the purpose of inspection. 
PER-AM-BU-La'TION, n. 1. The act of passing or walking 
through or over. 2. A traveling survey or inspection. 3. 
A district within which a person has the right of inspec- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PER 



730 



PER 



tion ; jurisdiction. 4. Annual survey of the bounds of a 
parish in England, or of a township in America. 

PER-AM'BU-La-TOR, n. An instrument for measuring dis- 
tances, consisting of a wheel with an apparatus of clock- 
work and a dial-plate, upon which the distance traveled 
over is shown by an index. 

PER AN'NUM. [L.] By the year ; in each year success- 
ively. 

PER -CAFI-TA. [L.] By the head or poll. 

f PER-CaSE', adv. [per and case.] Perhaps ; perchance. 

f PER'CE-ANT, a, [Fr. percant.] Piercing ; penetrating. 

PER-CeIV'A-BLE, a. 1. Perceptible; that may be per- 
ceived ; that may fall under perception or the cognizance 
of the senses ; that may be felt, seen, heard, smelled, or 
tasted. 2. That may be known, understood, or conceiv- 
ed ; [less proper.] 

PER-CeIV'A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be per- 
ceived. 

(■ PER-CeIV'ANCE, n. Power of perceiving.— Milton. 

PER-CeIVE' (-seevO, v. t. [L. percipio.] 1. To have knowl- 
edge or receive impressions of external objects through 
the medium or instrumentality of the senses or bodily or- 
gans. 2. To have mental knowledge of. 3. To be affect- 
ed by ; to receive impressions from. Bacon. — Syn. To 
discern ; distinguish ; observe ; see ; feel ; know ; under- 
stand^ 

PER-CEIV.ED' (per-seevd'), pp. or a. Known by the senses ; 
felt ; understood ; observed. 

PER-CeIV'ER, n. One who perceives, feels, or observes. 

PER- CENT' AGE, n. [from the Latin per centum, per cent.] 
In commerce, the allowance, duty, or commission on a hun- 
dred. 

PER ciS 1 ™' ] ^ B y the hundred - 

PER-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state or quality of being 
perceptible. 2. Perception; [less proper.] 

PER-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be perceived; 
that may impress the bodily organs ; that may come un- 
der the cognizance of the senses ; perceivable. 2. That 
may be known or conceived of. 

PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner to be perceived. 

PER-CEP'TION (-shun), n. [L. perceptio.] 1. The act of 
perceiving, or of receiving a knowledge of external things 
by impressions on the senses ; or that act or process of 
the mind which makes known an external object. — 2. In 
philosophy, the faculty of perceiving. 3. Intellectual dis- 
cernment or apprehension ; idea ; notion ; as, a nice per- 
ception of differences ; conception. 4. The state of being 
affected, or capable of being affected, by something extern- 
al. — Bacon. 

PER-CEPTIVE, a. Having the faculty of perceiving. 

PER-CEP-TIV'I-TY, n. The power of perception. 

PERCH, n. [Fr. perche.] A fresh-water fish of the genus 
perca, having brilliant colors, and much esteemed for 
food. 

PERCH, n. [Fr. perche ; L. pertica.] 1. A pole ; hence, a 
roost for fowls, which is often a pole ; also, any thing on 
which they light. 2. A measure of length containing five 
yards and a half; a rod. — 3. In land or square measure, a 
square rod; the fortieth part of an acre. [This sense is 
more common than the second.] — 4. In solid measure, a mass 
16g feet each way. 

PERCH, v. i. 1. To sit or roost, as a bird. 2. T > light or 
settle on a fixed body. 

PERCH, v. t. To place on a fixed object or perch. 

PER-CHaNCE', adv. [per and chance.] By chance ; per- 
haps. — Wotton. 

PERCHED (percht), pp. Placed on a perch. 

PERCH'ER, n. In natural history, one of an order of birds 
which perch or light on trees, &c. — Kirby. 

PERCH'ERS, n. pi. Paris candles anciently used in En- 
gland ; also, a larger sort of wax candles which were usu- 
ally set on the altar. 

PERCHING, ppr. Placing on a perch. 

PER-€HLo'RATE, n. A compound of perchloric acid with 
a base. 

PER-€HLo'RI€, a. Perchloric acid is chlorine converted 
into an acid by combining with a maximum of oxygen. 

PER-CHLo'RID, n. That chlorid of a given base which 
contains the greatest quantity of chlorine ; as, perchlorid 
of phosphorus. 

PERCH'PEST, n. A small crustaceous animal that attaches 
itself to the mouth of a perch. — Kirby. 

PER-CIP'I-ENCE, n. Act of perceiving ; perception. — Has- 

lam. 
PER-CIP1-ENT, a. [L. percipiens.] Perceiving ; having the 

faculty of perception. — Bentley. 
PER-CIP'I-ENT, n. One who perceives, or has the faculty 

of perception. — More. 
f PER-CLoSE', n. Conclusion.— Raleigh. 
PER/COID, a. [Gr. nspKrj and aSoS.] In ichthyology, re- 

sembling_the perch ; of the perch family. — Jardine. 
PER'€Q -LaTE, v. t. [L. percolo.] To strain through ; to 



cause to pass through small interstices, as a liquor ; to 
filter. — Hale. 

PER'CO-LiTE, v. i. To pass through small interstices ; to 
filter. 

PER'CO-LI-TED, pp. Filtered ; passed through small in 
terstices. 

PER'CO-LI-TING, ppr. Filtering. 

PER-CO-LITION, n. The act of straining or filtering , fil- 
tration ; the act of passing through small interstices, as 
liquor through felt or a porous stone. 

PERCO-La-TOR, n. A filtering machine.— Franc is. 

PER-CUR'SO-RY, a. [L. percursus.] Cursory ; running 
over slightly or in haste. 

PER-CUSS', v. t. [L. percnssus.] To strike forcibly ; partic 
ularly, to strike for the purpose of ascertaining the result- 
ing sound. 

PER-€US'SION (-kush'un), n. [L. percussio.] 1. The act of 
striking one body against another with some violence. 2. 
The shock produced by the collision of bodies. 3. The 
impression or effect of sound on the ear. — Center of per- 
cussion, in a moving body, that point about which the im- 
petus of the parts is balanced on every side, so that it may 
be stopped by an immovable obstacle at this point, and 
rest on it. — Barlow. 

PER-€US'SION-€AP, n. A small copper cap or cup, con- 
taining fulminating powder, and used in a percussion-lock 
to explode gunpowder. 

PER-€US'SION-LO€K, n. A lock of a gun in which gun- 
powder is exploded by fire obtained from the percussion 
of fulminating powder. 

PER-CUS'SIVE, a. Striking against ; as, percussive force. 

PER-CU'TIENT (-shent), n. [L. percutiens.] That which 
strikes, or has power to strike. — Bacon. 

PER DI'EM. [L.] By the day. 

PER'DI-FOIL, n. [L.perdo and folium.] A plant that annu- 
ally loses or drops its leaves ; opposed to evergreen. 

PER-Di"TION (-dish'un), n. [L. perditio.] 1. Entire loss or 
ruin ; utter destruction ; [little used.] 2. The utter loss 
of the soul or of final happiness in a future state ; future 
misery or eternal death. 3. Loss. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

PER-Du', > adv. [Fr. perdu.] Close ; in concealment.— 

PER-DuE', $ TrumbulVs M'Fingal. 

PER-Du', n. One who is placed on the watch or in ambush. 

PER-Du', a. Abandoned ; employed on desperate purpo- 
ses ; accustomed to desperate enterprises. — Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

tPER'DU-LOUS, a. [Fr. perdu.] Lost ; thrown away. 

* t PER-Du'RA-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. perduro.] Very dura 

ble ; lasting ; continuing long. — Shak. 

* t PER-Du'RA-BLY, adv. Very durably.— Shak. 
tPER-DU-RA'TION, n. Long continuance. — Ainsworth. 
tPER'DY, adv. [Fr. par Dim.] Certainly; verily; in truth, 
t PER'E-GAL, a. [Fr. per and egal.] Equal. — Spenser. 
PER'E-GRIN-ITE, v. i. [L. peregrinor.] To travel from 

place to place or from one country to another ; to five in 

a foreign country. 
PER-E-GRIN-A'TION, n. A traveling from one country to 

another ; a wandering ; abode in foreign countries. 
PER'E-GRIN-A-TOR, n. A traveler into foreign countries. 

— Casaubon. 
PER'E-GRINE, a. [L. peregrinus.] Foreign ; not native. 

[Little used.] — Peregrine falcon, a species of falcon or 

hawk, found in Europe, Asia, and America, 
t PER-E-GRIN'1-TY, n. Strangeness.— Cook. 
t PER-EMPT, v. t. [L. peremptus.] In law, to kill ; to crush 

or destroy. — Ayliffe. 
tPER-EMP'TION, n. [L. peremptio.] A killing; a quashing; 

nonsuit. — Ayliffe. 

* PER'EMP-TO-RI-LY, adv. [from peremptory.] Absolutely ; 

positively ; in a decisive manner ; so as to preclude fur- 
ther debate. 

* PER'EMP-TO-RI-NESS, n. Positiveness ; absolute decis- 

ion ; dogmatism. — Gov. of the Tongue. 

* PER'EMP-TO-RY, a. [Fr. peremptoire ; L. peremptorms.] 

1. Positive ; in a manner to preclude debate or expostu- 
lation. 2. Positive in opinion or judgment. 3. Final ; de- 
terminate ; as, a peremptory sale. — 4. Peremptory challenge, 
in law, a challenge or right of challenging jurors without 
showing cause. — Syn. Decisive ; express ; absolute ; au- 
thoritative ; arbitraiy ; dogmatical. 

PER-EN'NI-AL, a. [L. perennis.] 1. Lasting or continuing 
without cessation through the year. — Cheyne. 2. Continu- 
ing without cessation or limit.— 3. In botany, continuing 
more than two years. 4. Continuing without intermission, 
as a fever. Coze. — Syn. Perpetual; unceasing; never- 
failing ; unfailing ; ceaseless ; constant ; enduring ; per- 
manent ; uninterrupted ; continual. 

PER-EN'NI-AL, n. In botany, a plant which lives or con- 
tinues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves 
or not. 

PER-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Continually ; without ceasmg. 

PER-EN'NI-TY, n. [L. perennitas.] An enduring or contfn 
uing through the whole year without ceasing. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, e. i, <fcc, short — FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ; -MOVE, BOOK, 



PER 



731 



PER 



PER-£R-Ra'TION, n. [L. pererro.\ A wandering or ram- 
bling through various places. — Howell. 

PER FAS ET NE'FAS. [L.] Through or by right and 
wrong ; by any means. 

PERFECT, a. [L. perfectus.] 1. Not defective ; having all 
that is requisite to its nature and kind. 2. Fully inform- 
ed ; completely skilled. 3. Possessing every moral ex- 
cellence. 4. Manifesting perfection. — Perfect number, in 
arithmetic, a number equal to the sum of all its divisors, as 
6. — Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit tense ; a tense 
which expresses an act completed. — Syn. Finished ; con- 
summate ; complete ; faultless ; blameless ; unblemished. 

*PER'FE€T or PER-FECT, v. t. [L. perfectus.} 1. To 
raise to the highest state, so as to leave nothing wanting ; 
to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and 
kind. 2. To instruct fully ; to make fully skillful. — Syn. 
To finish ; accomplish ; complete ; consummate. 

* PERFECT-ED, pp. or a. Finished ; completed. 

* PER'FE€T-ER, n. One who makes perfect.— Broome. 
PER-FE€T-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capability of becoming or 

■ being made perfect. 

PER-FECTi-BLE, a. Capable of becoming or being made 
perfect, or of arriving at the utmost perfection of the 
species. 
PER'FECT-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; consumma- 
ting. 
PER-FEC'TION, n. [L. perfection 1. The state of being 
perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting. 
— 2. Physical perfection is when a natural object has all its 
powers, faculties, or qualities entire and in full vigor, and 
all its parts in due proportion. — 3. Metaphysical perfection 
is the possession of all the essential attributes, or all the 
parts necessary to the integrity of a substance. — 4. Moral 
perfection is the complete possession of all moral excel- 
lence. 5. A quality, endowment, or acquirement com- 
pletely excellent, or of great worth. — Sidney. 6. An in- 
herent or essential attribute of supreme or infinite excel- 
lence ; or one perfect in its kind. — To perfection, perfect- 
ly ; in the highest degree of excellence ; as, to act a part 
to perfection. 
PER-FEC'TION, v. t. To complete ; to make perfect. 
PER-FEC'TION-AL, a. Made complete.— Pearson. 
PER-FEC'TION-ITE, used by Dryden and Tooke in lie i of 

the verb to perfect, is a useless word. 
PER-FE€'TIONED,_pp. Made perfect. 
PER-FECTION-ING, ppr. Making perfect. 
PER-FEC'TION-ISM, n. The doctrine of the perfectionists. 
PER-FEC'TION-IST, n. 1. One pretending to perfection ; 
an enthusiast in religion. — South. 2. One who believes 
that some persons actually attain to moral perfection in 
the present life. 
PER-FEC'TION-MENT, n. State of being perfect— J. Taylor. 
PER-FECT'lVE, a. Conducing to make perfect : with of. 
PER-FECTlVE-LY, adv. In a manner that brings to per- 
fection. — Grew. 
PERTECT-L Y, adv. 1. In the highest degree of excellence ; 
consummately. 2. Totally ; completely. 3. Exactly ; ac- 
curately. 
PER'FECT-NESS, n. 1. Completeness; consummate ex- 
cellence ; perfection. 2. The highest degree of goodness 
or holiness of which man is capable in this life. 3. Accu- 
rate skill. 
PER-FI"CIENT (per-fish'ent), n. [L. pcrficiens.} One who 

endows a charity. 
PER-FID1-OUS, a. [L. perfidus.] 1. Violating good faith or 
vows ; false to trust or confidence reposed. 2. Proceed- 
ing from treachery, or consisting in breach of faith. 3. 
Guilty of violated allegiance. — Syn. Treacherous ; faith- 
less ; unfaithful ; false-hearted ; disloyal ; traitorous. 
PER-FID'I-OUS-LY, adv. Treacherously ; traitorously ; by 

breach of faith or allegiance. — Swift. 
PER-FID1-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being perfidious ; 
treachery ; traitorousness ; breach of faith, of vows, or al- 
legiance. 
PER'FI-DY, n. [L. perfidia.} The act of violating faith, a 
promise, vow, or allegiance ; the violation of a trust re- 
posed. — Syn. Perfidiousness ; treachery; faithlessness ; 
infidelity ; disloyalty ; traitorousness. 
f-PER'FLA-BLE, a. [L. perflo.) That may be blown through. 
PER-FL1TE', v. t. [L. perflo.) To blow through. 
PER-FLa'TED, pp. Blown through. 
PER-FL I'TION, n. The act of blowing through. 
PEPl-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. per and folium.} In botany, a perfo- 
liate leaf is one that has the base entirely surrounding the 
stem transversely. 
PER'FO-RITE, v. t. [L. perforo.) 1. To bore through. 2. 
To pierce with a pointed instrument ; to make a hole or 
holes through any thing by boring or driving. 
PER'FO-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Bored or pierced through; 

pierced. 
PER'FO-Ra-TING, ppr. Boring or piercing through ; pier- 
cing. 
PER-FO-Ra'TION, n. The act of boring or piercing through. 



2. A hole or aperture passing through any thing, or into 
the interior of a substance, whether natural or made bv 
an instrument. 

PER'FO-RA-TlVE, a. Having power to pierce. 

PER'FO-Ra-TOR, n. An instrument that perforates. 

PER-FoRCE', adv. [per and force.] By force or violence. 

PER-FORM', v. t. [L. per and formo.) To carry out ; to 
carry into effect, execution, or accomplishment. — Syn. 
To do ; act ; transact ; achieve ; execute ; accomplish ; 
discharge ; fulfill ; effect ; complete. 

PER-FORM', v. i. To do ; to act a part. 

PER-FORM'A-BLE, a. That may be done, executed, or 
fulfilled ; practicable. — Brown. 

PER-FORM'ANCE, n. 1. The carrying any thing into ef- 
fect ; a doing. 2. A thing done. 3. The acting or exhibi- 
tion of character on the stage. 4. Composition ; any thing 
written. 5. The acting or exhibition of feats. — Syn. Com- 
pletion ; consummation ; execution ; accomplishment ; 
achievement ; production ; work ; act ; action ; deed ; 
exploit ; feat. 

PER-FORM.ED' (per-formd'), pp. Done; executed; dis 
charged. 

PER-FOB-M'ER n. One who performs any thing, particu 
larly in an art. 

PER-FORM'ING, ppr. Doing ; executing ; accomplishing 

PER-FORM'ING, n. Act done ; deed ; act of executing. 

t PER'FRI-CaTE, v. t. [L. perfrico.} To rub oxer.— Diet 

PER'FRI-Ca-TED, pp. Rubbed over. 

PER'FRI-Ca-TING. ppr. Rubbing over. 

PER-Fu'MA-TO-RY, a. That perfumes.— Leigh. 

* PER-FuME' or PER'FUME, n. [Fr. parfum ; Sp. perfume.) 

1. A substance that emits a scent or odor which affects 
agreeably the organs of smelling, as any aromatic sub- 
stance. 2. The scent, odor, or volatile particles emitted 
from sweet-smelling substances. 

PER-FuME', v. t. To scent ; to fill or impregnate with a 
grateful odor. — Pope. 

PER-FuM£D' (per-fumd'), pp. or a. Scented ; impregnated 
with fragrant odors. 

PER-FuM'ER, n. 1. He or that which perfumes. 2. One 
whose trade is to sell perfumes. — Bacon. 

PER-FuM'ER-Y, n, 1. Perfumes in general. 2. The prep 
aration of perfumes. 

PER-FuM'ING, ppr. Scenting; impregnating with sweet 
odors. 

* PER-FUNCTO-RI-LY, adv. [L. perfunctorie. } Carelessly 

negligently : in a manner to satisfy external form. 

* PER-FUNC'TO-RI-NESS, n. Negligent performance ; care- 

lessness. — Whitlock. 

* PER-FUNC'TO-RY, a. 1. Slight ; careless ; negligent. 2. 

Done_only for the sake of getting rid of the duty. 
PER-Fu.SE', v. t. [L. perfusus.) To sprinkle, pour, or spread 

over. — Harvey. 
PER-FfjS-ED'^jjp. Poured or spread over. 
PER-Fu'SIVE. a. Sprinkling; adapted to spread or sprinkle. 
PER-GA-Me'NE-OUS, a. [L. pergamena.) Like parchment 
PER'GO-LA, n. [It.] See Pergula. 

PER'GU-LA, n. [L.] In ancient architecture, a sort of gal- 
lery or balcony in a house. Some suppose it to be an ar- 
bor in a garden, or a terrace overhanging one. 
PER-HAPS'. adv. [per and hap.] By chance ; it may be. 
Pe'B.1, n. In Persian mythology, a term applied to the de- 
scendants of fallen spirits excluded from paradise till their 
penance i3 accomplished. — Encyc. Am. 
PER'I-ANTH, n. [Gr. -Kepi and avdos-] That calyx which 
envelops only a single nower, and is immediately contigu- 
ous to it. 
t PER'I-APT, n. [Gr. -spia-ru).] An amulet ; a charm worn 

to defend against disease or mischief. — Shah. 
TER-I-AU'GER, \ „ ?„„„„, 
PER-I-A'GUA. J &e Pirogue. 
PE-RIB'O-LOS. n. [Gr. irepi and /JaXAw.] A court entirely 

round a temple, surrounded by a walL— Brande. 
PER-I-CaR'DI-AN, a. Relating to the pericardium. 
PER-I-€aR'DI-UM, n. [Gr. -epi and KupSia.] A membrane 

that incloses the heart. 
PER'I-CaRP, \n. [Gr. jrepi and KaprcoS.) The seed- 

PER-I-CaRPI-UM, 3 vessel of a plant ; a general term for 
whatever incloses the seed, as the husk, berry, pome, &c. 
— Martyn. 
PER-I-CXRP'I-AL, a. Belonging to a pericarp.— Lindley. 
PER-I-€HiE'TIUM, n. In botany, the name of certain leaf 
lets at the base of the stalk of the fruit of some kinds of 
moss.— P- Cyc. 
PER-I-CH-E'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the perichsetium. 
PER'I-CLISE, n. [Gr.Trepi, around, and K^aais, fracture.] A 
mineral from Vesuvius, occurring in greenish octahedrons 
t PE-RIC'LI-TaTE, v. i. [L. periclitor.) To hazard, 
t PE-RIC-LI-T1TION, n. A hazarding or exposing to peril 
PER-I-CRaNI-UM, n. [Gr. xepi and Kpaviov.) The perios- 
teum or membrane that invests the skull. — Coxe. 
PE-RICU-LOUS, a. [L.periculosus.] Dangerous ; hazardous 
PER-I-DO-DE€-A-HeT>RAL, a. [Gr. ire(H, and dodecahedral.) 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



PER 



732 



PER 



A term designating i, crystal whose primitive form is a 
four-sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted 
into a prism of twelve sides. 

PER'I-DOT, n. [Fr.] Another name of the chrysolite. 

PER'I-DROME, ft. [Gr. -nepi and SpofioS-] In architecture, 
the open space er part of a periptery between the col- 
umns and the walls, used as a promenade. 

PER-I-E'CIAN, n. [Gr. irepioiKoS.] An inhabitant of the op- 
posite side of the globe, in the same parallel of latitude. 

PER-I-ER'gY, ft. [Gr. -aepi and epyov.] Needless caution or 
diligence.. 

PERTgEE, In. [Gr. irepi and yr/.] That point in the orbit 

PER-I-Ge'UM, 5 of the sun or moon in which it is at the 
least distance from the earth ; opposed to apogee. 

PER'I-GRAPH, ft. [Gr. mpi and ypa<p^.] 1. A careless or 
inaccurate delineation of any thing. 2. The white lines 
or impressions that appear on the musculus rectus of the 
abdomen. 

PE-RlG'YN-OUS, a. [Gr. irepi and yvvq.] In botany, grow- 
ing upon some body that surrounds the ovary ; inserted 
around the pistil, as the corol or stamens. 

PER-1-HeL'ION, in. [Gr. irspi and f/Xi6s.) That part of 

PER-I-He'LI-UM, > the orbit of a planet or comet in 
which it is at its least distance from the sun ; opposed to 
aphelion. 

PER-I-HEX-A-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. irepi, and hexahedral] A 
term designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four- 
sided prism, and in the secondary form is converted into a 
prism of six sides. 

PERIL, ft. [Fr. ; It. periglio ; L periculum.] 1. Danger ; 
risk ; hazard ; jeopardy ; particular exposure of person 
or property to injury, loss, or destruction from any cause 
whatever. 2. Danger denounced ; particular exposure. 

PERTL, v. i. To be in danger.— Milton. 

PERIL, v. t. To hazard ; to expose to danger. — Walt. Scott. 

PERILED, pp. Exposed to danger or loss. 

PER'IL-ING, ppr. Hazarding; risking. 

PERIL- OU8, a. [Fr. perileux.] 1. Dangerous ; hazardous ; 
full of risk. 2. Vulgarly used for very, like mighty ; [obs.] 
3. Smart ; witty ; [obs.] 

PERTL-OUS-LY, adv. Dangerously ; with hazard. 

PER'IL-OUS-NESS, ft. Dangerousness ; danger ; hazard. 

PE-RIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. -Kepi and /ur/Jov.] In geometry, the 
outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all the 
sides. 

PER-I-0€-TA-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. -ntpi, and octahedral.'] A. 
term designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four- 
sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted into a 
prism of eight sides. 

PE'RI-OD, ft. [L. periodus ; Fr. periode.] 1. Properly, a cir- 
cuit ; hence, the time which is taken up by a planet or 
comet in making its revolution round the sun.— In chro- 
nology, a stated number of years ; a revolution or series 
of years by which time is measured. 3. Any series of 
years or of days in which a revolution is 'completed, and 
the same course is to be begun. 4. Any specified portion 
of time, designated by years, months, days, or hours com- 
plete. 5. The time at which any thing ends. 6. An in- 
definite portion of any continued state, existence, or series 
of events. 7. State at which any thing terminates ; limit. 
8. Length or usual length of duration. 9. A complete 
sentence from one full stop to another. 10. The point 
that marks the end of a complete sentence ; a full stop, 
thus, (.) — 11. In arithmetic, a distinction made by a point 
or comma placed regularly after a certain number of fig- 
ures. — 12. In medicine, the time of the exacerbation and 
remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermis- 
sion. — Syn. Time ; date ; epoch ; era ; age ; duration ; 
contumance ; limit ; bound ; end ; conclusion ; determin- 
ation. 
fPE'RI-OD, v. t. To put an end to.— Shah. 

PER-I-OD'I€ ACID, n. An acid analogous to perchloric 
acid, and composed of one equivalent of iodine with seven 
of oxygen. — Brande. 

PE-RI-ODTG, )<z. [It. periodico; Fr. periodique.] 1. Per- 

PE-RI-ODTG-AL, > formed in a circuit, or in a regular rev- 
olution in a certain time, or in a series of successive cir- 
cuits. 2. Happening by revolution, at a stated time. 3. 
Happening or returning regularly in a certain period of 
time 4. Performing some action at a stated time. 5. 
Pertaining to a period ; constituting a complete sentence. 
6. Pertaining to a revolution or regular circuit. 
PE-RI-OD'I€-AL, ft. A magazine or other publication, that 

is published at stated or regular periods. 
PE-RI-OD'I€-AL-IST, ft. One who publishes a periodical. 
PE-RI-ODTC-AL-LY, adv. At stated periods. 
PE-RI-O-DIC'I-TY, ft. The state of having regular periods 

in changes or conditions. — Whewell. 
PER-I-CE'CIANS, ) , „ r, 
PER-I-CE'CT \ n ' P • Periecian. 

PER.I-QSTE-UM, n. [Gr. -rrs/Jt and oarcov.] A nervous vas- 
cular membrane, immediately investing the bones of ani- 
mals. 



PER-I-PA-TET'ie, a. [Gr. rcepnraTtjTiKos.] Pertaining to 
Aristotle's system or school of philosophy. 

PER-I-PA-TETI€, ft. 1. A follower of Aristotle, so called 
because the founder of this philosophy taught, or his fol- 
lowers disputed questions, walking in the Lyceum at 
Athens. 2. It is ludicrously applied to one who is abliged 
to walk, or can not afford to ride. — Tatler. 

PER-I-PA-TETT-CISM, n. The notions or philosophical 
system of Aristotle and his followers. — Barrow. 

PE-RIPH'ER-AL, a. Peripheric— Fleming. 

PER-I-PHER'IC, \a. Pertaining to a periphery; con- 

PER-I-PHER'IC-AL, j stituting a periphery. 

PE-RIPH'E-RY, n. [Gr. mpi and (pePu.] The circumference 
of a circle, ellipsis, or other regular curvilinear figure. 

PER'I-PHRISE, ft. [Gr. ■nspi(ppams.] Circumlocution; a 
circuit of words ; the use of more words than are neces- 
sary to express the idea ; a figure of rhetoric employed to 
avoid a common and trite manner of expression. 

PER'I-PHRaSE, v. t. To express by circumlocution. 

PER'I-PHRaSE, v. i. To use circumlocution. 

PER'1-PHRaS.ED, pp. Expressed by circumlocution. 

PERI-PHRaS-ING, ppr. Expressing by circumlocution. 

PE-RIPH'RA-SIS. See Perifhrase. 

PER-I-PHRAS'TfG. \a. Circumlocutory; expressing 

PER-I-PHRAS'TIC-AL, 5 or expressed in more words 
than are necessary ; expressing the sense of one word 
in many. 

PER-I-PHRASTIC-AL-LY, adv. With circumlocution. 

PER'I-PLUS, ft. [Gr. jr^£7TAou?.] Circumnavigation; a voy- 
age round a certain sea or sea-coast. — Vincent. 

PER-IP-NEU-MON'IC, a. Pertaining to peripneumony ; con- 
sisting in an inflammation of the lungs. 

PER-IP-NEu'MO-NY, n. [Gr. mpi and tzvcvuwv.] An inflam- 
mation of the lungs ; pneumonitis. 

PER-I-PO-LYG'ON-AL, a. [Gr. Trepi, and polygon.] In crys- 
tallography, having a great number of sides. 

PE-RIP'TER-AL, a. [see below.] A term applied to an ed- 
ifice having a range of columns all around. 

PE-RIP'TER-OUS, a. [Gr. nepi and r.rzpov.] Feathered on 
all sides. 

PE-RIP'TER-Y, ft. [Gr. nept and -nrepov, a wing, and tteto), 
to expand.] In architecture, an edifice or temple environed 
on its exterior circumference by a range of insulated col- 
umns, distant from the wall to the extent of the interco- 
lumniation. — Elmes. 

PE-RIS'CIAN (pe-rish'yan), to. ) [Gr. nepicKtoi.] The name 

PE-RIS'CI-I (pe-rish'e-i), ft. pi. $ of inhabitants of a frigid 
zone, or within a polar circle, whose shadow moves round, 
and in the course of the day falls in every point of the 
compass. The geographies use the Latin plural, periscii, 

PE-RIS'CIAN, a. Having the shadow moving all around. 

PER'I-SCOPE, to. [Gr. -zpi and mco-irea).] A general view. 

PER-I-S€OP'I€, a. Viewing on all sides ; a term applied tc 
spectacles having concavo-convex glasses for the purpose 
of increasing the distinctness of objects when viewed ob- 
liquely. 

PERISH, v. i. [Fr. perir.] 1. To die ; to lose life in any 
manner. 2. To die; to wither and decay. 3. To waste- 
away. 4. To be in a state of decay or passing away. 5. 
To be destroyed ; to come to nothing. 6. To fail entirely, 
or to be extirpated. — 2 Kings, ix. 7. To be burst or ru- 
ined. — Luke, v. 8. To be wasted or rendered useless. — 
Jer., ix. 9. To be injured or tormented.— 1 Cor., viii. 10. 
To be lost eternally ; to be sentenced to endless misery.- 
2 Pet., ii. 

PERISH, v. t. To destroy. [Not legitimate.] 

PER-ISH-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Perishableness. 

PERTSH-A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to perish ; subject to decay 
and destruction. 2. Subject to speedy decay. [Stat, of Con.\ 

PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, ft. Liableness to decay.— Lockz 

PERTSH-A-BLY, adv. In a perishing manner. 

PERTSH.ED (perlsht), pp. or a. Decayed; wasted away 
destroyed. 

PER'ISH-ING, ppr. or a. Dying ; losing life ; passing away 

PER'I-SPERM, ft. [Gr. wepi and airepixa.] A thick, farina 
ceous, fleshy, horny, woody, or bony part of the seed of 
plants, interposed between the embryo and the integu 
ments of the seed when there are any. 

PER-I-SPHER'I-e, a. [Gr. nepi and oQaipa.] Globular ; hav 
ing the form of a ball. — Journ. of Science. 

PER-IS-SO-L06'I€-AL, a. Redundant in words. 

PER-IS-SOL'O-GY, n. [Greek vzpiaooUyia.] Superfluous 
words; mu^h talk to little purpose. [Little used.] 

PER-I-STAL'TIC, a. [Gr. -EpiaTaXriKos.] Spiral; vermicu- 
lar or worm-like. The peristaltic motion of the intestines 
is performed by the contraction of the circular and longi- 
tudinal fibres composing their fleshy coats, by which the 
chyle is carried downward to the orifices of the lacteal s 
and the excrements are protruded toward the anus. 
PER-IS-TE'RI-ON. n. [Gr.] The herb vervain.— Diet. 

PER'I-STYLE, n. [Gr. Ttspiarv^ov.] A range ot columns 
round a building or square, or a building encompassed 
with a row of columns on the outside. 



See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FaR, FAL T ", WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiBD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



PER 



733 



PER 



PER-I-SY8T0-LE, 11. [Gr. nepi and avcroXn.] The pause | 
or interval between the systole or contraction and the di- 
astole or dilatation of the heart. 

PER-I-STREPH'IC, a. [Gr.ircpi and <rr/>£</>w.] Turning round, 
or rotating ; revolving. 

PE-RlTE', a, [L. peritus.] Skillful. [Little used.] 

PE-RIT'0-MOUS, a. [Gr. -rrepi, around, and Ttfivw, to cleave.] 
In mr.eralogy, cleaving in more directions than one paral- 
lel to the axis, the faces being all of one quality. — Shepard. 

PER-T-TO-Ne'AL, a. Pertaining to the peritoneum. 

PER-I-TO-Ne'UM, n. [Gr. ■nzpirovaiov.] ' A thin, smooth, se- 
rous membrane investing the whole internal surface of 
the abdomen, and, more or less completely, all the viscera 
contained in it. 

PER-I-TR5'€HI-UM. See Axis in peritrochio. 

PER-I-TRo'PAL, a. [Gr. nzpi and rpoTtn-] Rotary ; circu- 
itous. 

PERI- WIG, n. [Ir. pereabhic ; qu. D. paruik ; Fr. perruque.] 
A small wig ; a kind of close cap formed by an intertex- 
tu.re of false hair, worn by men for ornament or to conceal 
baldness. 

PER'I-VVIG, v. t. To dress with a periwig, or with false 
hair, or with any thing in like form. — Swift. 

PER'I-WINK-LE (-wink-1), n. [Sax. peruince ; It. pervinca.] 
1. A sea-snail, or small shell-fish. 2. A small flowering 
plant of the genus vinca. 

PERJURE (peVjur), v. t. [L. perjuro.] Willfully to make 
a false oath when administered by lawful authority or in 
a court of justice; to forswear. 

f PER'JURE, n, A perjured person.— Shak. 

PER'JUB,.ED, pp. or a. Guilty of perjury ; having sworn 
falsely. 

PER'JUR-ER, n. One who willfully takes a false oath law- 
fully administered. 

PER'JUR-ING, ppr. Taking a false oath lawfully adminis- 
tered. 

PER-JCRI-OUS, a. Guilty of perjury ; containing perjury. 

PER'JU-RY, n. [L. perjurium.] The act or crime of willful- 
ly making a false oath when lawfully administered. 

PERK, a. [W. perc] Properly, erect ; hence, smart ; trim. 

PERK, v. i. [W. percu.] To hold up the head with affected 
smartness. — Pope. 

PERK, v. t. To dress up ; to make trim or smart ; to prank. 

PER'KIN, n. Ciderkin; a kind of weak cider made by steep- 
in? refuse pumice in water. — Encyc. 

PERT ATE ACID. The acidulous phosphate of soda. 

PERTa-TED ACID, ?t^ Wi , Wo nf an i n 

PU-RETTG ( .Diphosphate ot soda. 

f- PER'LOUS, for perilous. — Spenser. 

PER-LUS-TRa'TION, n. [L. perlustro.] The act of viewing 
all over. — Howell. 

PER'MA-<JY, n. A little Turkish boat.— Diet. 

PERMA-NENCE, \n. 1. Continuance in the same state, 

PERMA-NEN-CY, 5 or without a change that destroys 
the form or nature of a thing ; duration ; fixedness. 2. 
Continuance in the same place or at rest. 

PER'MA-NENT, a. [L.permanens.] Durable; lasting; con- 
tinuing in the same state, or without any change that de- 
stroys the form or nature of the thing. — Permanent is 
equivalent to durable or lasting, but not to undecaying or 
unalterable. 

PER'MA-NENT-LY, adv. With long continuance ; durably ; 
in a fixed state or place. 

\ PER-MAN'SION, n. [L. permansio.] Continuance. 

PER-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being per- 
meable. — Journ. of Science. 

PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. permeo.] That may be passed 
through without rupture or displacement of its parts, as 
solid matter. 

PER/ME-A-BLY, adv. In a permeable manner ; penetrably. 

f- PER'ME-ANT, a. Passing through.— Brown. 

PER'ME-ITE, v. t. [L. permeo.] To pass through the pores 
or interstices of a body ; to penetrate and pass through a 
substance without rupture or displacement of its parts. 

PERME-I-TED, pp. Passed through, as by a fluid. 

PER'ME-a-TING, ppr. Passing through the pores or inter- 
stices of a substance. 

PER-ME-i'TION, n. The act of passing through the pores 
or interstices of a body. 

PER-MIS'CI-BLE, a. [L. permisceo.] That may be mixed. 
[Little used.] 

PER-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be permitted or allowed. 

PER-MIS'SI-BLY, adv. In the way of permission. 

rER-MIS'SION (per-mish'un), n. [L. permissio.] 1. The act 
of permitting. 2. Allowance ; leave, license, or liberty 
granted. 

PER-MIS'SlVE, a. 1. Granting liberty ; allowing. — Milton. 
2. Granted ; suffered without hinderance. — Milton. 

PER-MIS'SIVE-LY, adv. By allowance ; without prohibi- 
tion or hinderance. 

PER-MIS'TI.ON (-misfyun), \n. [L. pemiistio, permixtio.] 

PER-MIX'TION (-mixfyun), 5 The act of mixing ; the 
state of being mingled. 



PER-MIT, v. t. [L. perrnitto.] 1. To give leave or liberty to 
by express consent. 2. To give consent by silence or by 
not prohibiting. 3. To afford ability or means. 4. To 
leave ; to give or resign ; [obs.] — Syn. To allow ; let ; 
grant ; admit ; suffer ; tolerate ; endure ; consent to. 

* PER-MIT or PERMIT, n. 1. A written license or permis- 
sion from the custom-house officer or other proper au- 
thority, to export or transport goods, or to land goods or 
persons. 2. Warrant ; leave ; permission. 

PER-MITTANCE, n. Allowance ; forbearance of prohibi- 
tion ; permission. — Derham. 

PER-MIT'TER, n. He who permits.— Permittee, for the one 
permitted, is rare. 

PER-MIX'TION. See Permistion. 

PER-Mu'TA-BLE, a. That may be changed one for the 
other. 

PER-Mu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being permutable. 

PER-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. By interchange. 

PER-MU-Ta'TION, n. [L. permutatio.] 1. In commerce, ex- 
change of one thing for another ; barter. — 2. In the canon 
law, the exchange of one benefice for another. — 3. In alge- 
bra, the arrangement of any determinate number of thinga 
or letters in all possible orders one after the other. — 
Brande. 

tPER-MuTE', v. t. [L. permuto.] To exchange ; to barter. 

f PER-MtiTER, n. One who exchanges. 

PER'NAN-CY, n. [Norm, perner.] A taking or reception, 
as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind. 

PER-Ni"CIOUS (per-nish'us), a. [L.perniciosus.] 1. Having 
the quality of killing, destroying, or injuring ; producing 
great injury or mischief. 2. Tending to injure or destroy. 
3. [L. pernix.] Quick ; [obs.] — Syn. Destructive ; ruinous ; 
deadly ; noxious ; injurious ; hurtful ; mischievous. 

PER-NJ"CIOUS-LY, adv. Destructively ; with ruinous tend- 
ency or effects. — Ascham. 

PER-Nl v CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being very injuri- 
ous, mischievous, or destructive. 

PER-NICI-TY, n. [L. pernicitas.] Swiftness of motion; ce- 
lerity. — Ray. [Little used.] 

PER-NOC-Ta'TION, 72. [L. pernocto.] The act of passing 
the whole night ; a remaining all night. 

PE-RoGUE'. See Pirogue. 

PER'O-NATE, a. In botany, laid thickly over with a woolly 
substance ending in a sort of meal. — P. Cyc. 

PER-O-Ra'TION, 72. [L. peroratio.] The concluding part oi 
an oration, in which the speaker enforces the principal 
points of his discourse, and brings it to a conclusion. 

PER-OXYD, n. [per and oxyd.] That oxyd of a given base 
which contains the greatest quantity of oxygen. — Davy. 

PER-OXTD-lZE, v. t. To oxydize to the utmost degree. 

PER PAIS. [Norm. French.] In law, by the country, that 
is, by a jury. 

PER PI' RE 8. [L.] By the peers or one's peers. 

PER-PEND', v. t. [L. perpendo.] To weigh in the mind ; to 
consider attentively. — Shak. [Little used.] 

PER-PEND'ER, \n. [Fr. parpains.] A large stone 

PERTENT-ST5NE, 5 reaching through a wall "so as to 
appear on both sides of it, and therefore having the ends 
smooth. 

PER-PENT)I-€LE, n. [L.perpendiculum.] Something hang- 
ing down in a direct line ; a plumb-line. 

PER-PEN-DIC'U-LAR, a. [L. perpendicular is :] 1. Hanging 
or extending in a right line from any point toward the cen- 
ter of the earth or of gravity, or at right angles with the 
plane of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, a term applied to a 
line or surface at right angles to another line or surface. 

PER-PEN-DICU-LAR, n, 1. A line falling at right angles 
on the plain of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, a fine falling 
at right angles on another line. 

PER-PEN-DIC-U-LAR'I-TY, 72. The state of being perpen- 
dicular. — Watts. 

PER-PEN-DICU-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to fall on 
another line at right angles. 2. So as to fall on the plane 
of the horizon at right angles ; in a direction toward the 
center of the earth or of gravity. 

t PER-PEN'SION, 72. [L. perpendo.] Consideration. 

t PER-PES'SION. 72. [L. pcrpessio.] Suffering ; endurance. 

PER'PE-TRITE, v. t. [L. perpetro.] To do ; to commit ; to 
perform ; [in an ill sense, that is, always used to express an 
evil act.] 

PERTE-TRa-TED, pp. Done ; committed, as an evil act. 

PERTE-TRX-TING,£pr. Committing, as a crime or evil act. 

PER-PE-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of committing a crime 
2. An evil action. — K. Charles. 

PER'PE-TRa-TOR, n. One who commits a crime. 

PER-PET'U-AL, a. [Fr. perpetuel ; L. perpetuus.] 1. Con- 
tinuing forever in future time ; destined to be eternal. 2. 
Continuing or continued without intermission. 3. Fixed ; 
not temporary. 4. Without termination or end. 5. Dur- 
ing the legal dispensation. — Perpetual curacy, one where 
all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage endowed, 
but the perpetual curate appointed by the appropriator. 
Blackstone. — Perpetual motion, a motion which is supplied 



DOVE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PER 



734 



PER 



and renewed from itself, without the intervention of any- 
external cause. Button. — Perpetual screw ; [see Endless.] 
— Syn. Never-ceasing; endless ; eternal; everlasting; nev- 
er-failing ; unceasing ; ceaseless ; unfailing ; perennial ; en- 
during; permanent; lasting; uninterrupted; incessant; 
constant. 

PER-PET'tT-AL-LY, adv. Constantly; continually. [Ap- 
plied to things which proceed without intermission, or which 
occur frequently or at intervals, without limitation.'] 

PER-PETH-aTE, v. t. [L. perpetuo.] 1. To make perpetual ; 
to eternize. 2. To cause to endure or to be continued in- 
definitely ; to preserve from extinction or oblivion. 3. To 
continue by repetition without limitation. 

PER-PET'£T-A-TED, pp. or a. Made perpetual ; continued 
through eternity or for an indefinite time. 

PER-PET'F-A-TING. ppr. Continuing forever, or indefin- 
itely. 

PER-PET-U-ITION, n. The act of making perpetual ; the 
act of permanently continuing in knowledge and remem- 
brance. 

PER-PE-Tu'I-TY, n. [L. perpetuitas.] 1. Endless duration ; 
continuance to eternity. 2. Continued, uninterrupted ex- 
istence, or duration for an indefinite period of time. 3. 
Something of which there will be no end. — 4. In the doc- 
trine of annuities, the number of years in which the sim- 
ple interest of any sum becomes equal to the principal ; 
also, the sum which will purchase an annuity to continue 
forever. 

PER-PHOS'PHATE, n. A phosphate in which the phos- 
phoric acid is combined with an oxyd at the maximum of 
oxydation. 

PER-PLEX', v. t. [L. perplexus.] 1. To make intricate ; to 
make complicated and difficult to be understood or unrav- 
eled. 2. To fill with embarrassment ; to distress with sus- 
pense, anxiety, or ambiguity. — Syn. To entangle ; involve ; 
complicate ; embarrass ; puzzle ; bewilder ; confuse ; dis- 
tract ; harass ; vex ; plague ; tease ; molest. 

f PER-PLEX', a. Intricate ; difficult.— Glanville. 

PER-PLEX.ED' (per-plextf), pp. or a. Made intricate ; em- 
barrassed ; puzzled. 

PER-PLEX'ED-LY, adv. Intricately; with involution. Mil- 
ton has perplexly. 

PER-PLEXED-NESS, n. 1. Intricacy ; difficulty from want 
of order or precision. 2. Embarrassment of mind from 
doubt or uncertainty. 

PER-PLEX'ING, ppr. 1. Making intricate or perplexed. 2. 
a. Troublesome; embarrassing. 

PER-PLEX'I-TY, n. 1. Intricacy ; entanglement ; compli- 
cation. 2. Embarrassment of mind ; disturbance or dis- 
traction from doubt, confusion, difficulty, or anxiety. 

r PER-PO-Ta'TION, n. [L. per and poto.] The act of drink- 
ing largely. 

PER'QUI-SlTE (perTiwe-zit), n. [h, perquisitus.] A fee or 
pecuniary allowance to an officer for services beyond his 
ordinary salary or settled wages ; or a fee allowed by law 
to an officer for a specific service, in lieu of an annual sal- 
ary. 

f PER'QUI-SIT-ED, a. Supplied with perquisites.— Savage. 

PER-QUI-Si"TION (per-kwe-zish'un), n. [L. perquisitus.] 
An accurate inquiry or search.— Ainsworth. 

PERRON, n. [Fr.] A stair-case outside of a building, or a 
flight of steps leading into the first story. — Gwilt. 

PER-RO-QUET, n. [Fr.] 1. A parrakeet, which see.— 2. 
Perroquet auk, a species of auk found in the arctic regions. 

PER'RY, n. [Fr. poire.] The fermented juice of pears, pre- 
pared in the same way as cider. 

PER SAL'TUM. [L.] By a leap. 

PER-S€RU-Tl'TION, n. [L. perscrutado. ] A searching 
thoroughly ; minute search or inquiry. 

PER SE. [L.] By itself; by himself, &c. ; apart from others. 

PER'SE-€OT, n. [Fr.] A kind of cordial made of the ker- 
nels of apricots, nectarines, &c, with refined spirit. — Enc. 
Dom. Econ. 

PER'SE-CuTE, v. t. [Fr. persecuter.] 1. In a general sense, 
to pursue in a manner to injure, vex, or afflict ; to harass 
with unjust punishment; to inflict pain from hatred or 
malignity. — 2. Appropriately, to afflict, harass, or destroy 
for adherence to a particular creed or system of religions 
principles, or to a mode of worship. 3. To harass with 
solicitations or importunity. 

PER'SE-€u-TED, pp. or a. Harassed by troubles or pun- 
ishments unjustly inflicted, particularly for religious opin- 
ions. 

PER'SE-€u-TING, ppr. or a. Pursuing with enmity orven- 
geance, particularly for adhering to a particular religion. 

PER-SE-€D'TION, n. 1. The act or practice of persecuting. 
2. The state of being persecuted. 

PER-SEC'U-TlVE, a. Following ; persecuting. 

PER'SE-€U-TOR, n. One who persecutes ; one who pur- 
sues another unjustly and vexatiously, particularly on ac- 
count of religious principles. 

PER'SE-US, n. [Gr. Uepaevs.] 1. A famous Grecian hero, 
who slew Medusa. 2. A constellation situated north of 



the Pleiades, containing Algol, Algenib, and several other 
bright stars. — In the classics, pronounced Per'seus. 

PER-SE-VeR'ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. perseverantia.] 1. The act 
or state of persisting in any thing undertaken ; continued 
pursuit or prosecution of any business or enterprise be- 
gun. — 2. In theology, continuance in a state of grace to a 
state of glory ; sometimes called final perseverance.^~BYS. 
Persistance ; steadfastness ; constancy ; steadiness. 

t PER-SE-VeRANT, a. Constant in pursuit of an under- 
taking. — Ainsworth. 

PER-SE-VeRE', v. i. [L. persevero.] To persist or continue 
in any business or enterprise undertaken ; to pursue stead- 
ily any design or course commenced ; not to give over or 
abandon what is undertaken. 

PER-SE-VeRTNG, ppr. 1. Persisting jn any business o: 
course begun. 2. a. Constant in the execution of a pur- 
pose or enterprise. 

PER-SE-VeRTNG-LY, adv. With perseverance or contin- 
ued pursuit of what is undertaken. 

PERSIC^ \ a - Pertainin g t0 Persia. 

PER'SIAN-BER'RY, n. A sort of berry used in dying yel- 
low. It comes from Persia, and, like the French-berry, is 
the fruit of a species of buckthorn. 

PER'SIAN- WHEEL, n. A contrivance for raising water to 
some height above the level of a stream by means of a 
wheel with buckets on its rim. — Brande. 

PERSIC, n. The Persian language. 

PER'SI-FLa&E (paYse-flazh), n. [Fr.] Light talk in whicn 
all subjects are treated with banter. — H. More. 

PER-SIM'MON, n. An American tree and its fruit, which, 
while green, is harsh and astringent, but when ripe lus- 
cious and highly nutritious. 

PER-SIST', v. i. [L. persisto.] To continue steadily and firm- 
ly in the pursuit of any business or course commenced ; 
to persevere. [Persist is nearly synonymous with perse- 
vere ; but persist frequently implies more obstinacy than 
persevere, particularly in that which is evil or injurious to 
others.] 

PER-SIST'ENCE, \ n. 1. The state of persisting ; steady 

PER-SIST'EN-CY, j pursuit of what is undertaken ; per- 
severance. 2. Obstinacy ; contumacy. Sltah. — 3. In nat- 
ural philosophy, the continuance of an effect after the cause 
which first gave rise to it is removed, as of the impression 
of light on the eye after the luminous object is withdrawn, 
or of the motion of an object after the moving force is 
withdraw n. — Olmsted. 

PER-SISTT.NT, \ a. In botany, not faffing off, but remaining 

PER-SIST'ING, j green until the part which bears it is 
wholly matured, as the leaves of evergreen plants ; op- 
posed to caducous. 

PER-SIST'ING, ppr. Continuing in the prosecution of an 
undertaking ; persevering. 

PER-SISTTNG-LY, adv. In a persisting way ; steadfastly. 

PER-SIST'lVE, a. Steady in pursuit ; not receding from a 
purpose or undertaking ; persevering. — Shah. 

PER'S ON (per'sn), n. [L. persona.] 1. An individual human 
being, consisting of body and soul. 2. A man, woman, or 
child, considered as opposed to things, or distinct from 
them. 3. A human being, considered with respect to the 
living body or corporeal existence only. 4. A human be- 
ing, indefinitely ; one ; an individual ; a man. 5. A human 
being represented in dialogue, fiction, or on the stage; 
character. 6. Character of office. — 7. Formerly, the par- 
son or minister of a parish. — 8. In grammar, the subject 
of a verb ; the agent that performs, or the patient that suf- 
fers, any thing affirmed by a verb ; as, i", thou, he. Also, 
that modification of the verb which is used in connection 
with the subject. — 9. In law, an artificial person is a corpo- 
ration or body politic. — In person, by one's self; with bod- 
ily presence ; not by representative. 

t PER'S ON, v. t. To represent as a person ; to make to re- 
semble ; to image. — Milton. 

PER'SON-A-BLE, a. 1. Having a well-formed body or per- 
son ; graceful ; of good appearance. — 2. In law, enabled to 
maintain pleas in court. 3. Having capacity to take any 
thing granted or given. 

PER'SON-A(>E, n. [Fr. personnage.] 1. A man or woman 
of distinction. 2. Exterior appearance ; stature ; air. 3, 
Character assumed. 4. Character represented. 

PER'S ON- AL, a. [L. personalis.] 1. Belonging to men oi 
women, not to things : not real. — Hooker. 2. Relating to 
an individual ; affecting individuals ; peculiar or proper to 
him or her, or to private actions or character. 3. Pertain- 
ing to the corporeal nature ; exterior ; corporeal. 4. Direct 
or in person ; without the intervention of another. 5. Ap 
plying to the character and conduct of individuals in a 
disparaging manner; as, personal remarks. 6. Denoting 
the person ; having the modifications of the three gram 
matical persons ; as, a personal pronoun or verb.— Person 
al estate or property, in law, movables ; chattels ; things be 
longing to the person, as money, jewels, furniture, &c, as 
distinguished from real estate in land and houses.— Person- 



See Synopsis. 1, E, i, &c, long.—K, E, I. &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD;— MoVE, BOOK 



PER 



735 



PE.ll 



al idenaty, in metaphysics, sameness of being, of which con- 
sciousness is the evidence. 

f PER'SON-AL, n. A movable. 

PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. 1. That which constitutes an individ- 
ual a distinct person, or that which constitutes individual- 
ity. 2. Au application of remarks to the conduct and char- 
acter of individuals by way of disparagement ; as, " avoid 
personalities." 

PER'SON-AL-IZE, v. t. To make personal. 

PER'SON-AL-LY, adv. 1. In person ; by bodily presence ; 
not by representative or substitute. 2. With respect to 
an individual ; particularly. 3. With regard to numerical 
existence; as, the same man personally." 

PERSON-AL-TY. n. Personal estate. 

PER'SON-aTE, v. t. 1. To represent by a fictitious or as- 
sumed character so as to pass for the person represented. 
2. To represent by action or appearance ; to assume the 
character and act the part of another. 3. To pretend hyp- 
ocritically ; [little used.] 4. To counterfeit ; to feign ; as, 
^.personated devotion. — Hammond. 5. To resemble. — Skak. 
. 6. To make a representation of, as in picture ; [obs.] 7. 
To describe ; [obs.] 8. [L. persona.] To celebrate loudly ; 
[obs.] 

\ PER'SON-aTE, v. i. To display a fictitious character. 

PER'SON-ATE, a. [L. persona, a mask.] Masked ; a term 
applied to a monopetalous corol, the limb of which is un- 
equally divided, the upper division or lip being arched, 
the lower prominent and pressed against it, so that, when 
compressed, the whole resembles the mouth of a gaping 
animal. — Lindley. 

PER'SON-X-TED, pp. or a. Represented by an assumed 
character. 

PER'SON-I-TING,.ppr. Counterfeiting of another person ; 
resembling. 

PER-SON-I'TION, 52. The counterfeiting of the person and 
character of another. — Bacon. 

PER'SON-a-TOR, n. 1. One who assumes the character 
of another. 2. One who acts or performs. — Ben Jonson. 

PER-SON-I-FI-GITION, n. The giving to an inanimate be- 
ing the figure or the sentiments and language of a rational 
being; prosopopoeia. 

PER-SON'I-FlED (-fide), pp. Represented with the attri- 
butes of a person. 

PER-SON'I-FY, v. t. [L. persona and facio.] To give anima- 
tion to inanimate objects ; to ascribe to an inanimate be- 
ing the sentiments, actions, or language of a rational being 
or person. 

PER-SON'I-FY-ING, ppr. Giving to an inanimate being the 
attributes of a person. 

PER'SON-lZE, v. t. To personify. [Not much used.] 

PER-SON-NEL' (par-so-nel'), n. [Fr.] A term denoting the 
persons employed in some public service, as the army, 
navy, <fcc, as distinguished from the materiel. — Diet, de 
VAcad. 

PER-SPEGTiVE, a. 1. Pertaining to the science of optics ; 
optical. 2. Pertaining to the art of perspective. 

PER-SPEGTiVE, n. [Fr . ; It. perspettiva.] 1. A glass through 
which objects are viewed. 2. The application of geomet- 
rical principles to drawing on a plane surface true resem- 
blances or pictures of objects, as the objects appear to the 
eye from any given distance and situation, real or imagin- 
ary. 3. A representation of objects in perspective. 4. 
View ; vista. 5. A kind of painting, often seen in gardens 
and at the end of a gallery, designed expressly to deceive 
the sight by representing the continuation of an alley, a 
building, a landscape, or the like. — Aerial perspective, the 
art of giving due diminution to the strength of light, shade, 
and colors of objects, according to their "distances and the 
quantity of light falling on them, and to the medium through 
which they are seen. Encyc. — Isometrical perspective is the 
art of drawing in perspective, as a building, for instance, 
with each part of the same relative size, the more distant 
objects being undiminished by distance, as in ordinary 
perspective. — Haldeman. 

PER-SPE€'TlVE-LY, adv. 1. Optically; through a glass. 
— Shak. 2. According to the rules of perspective. 

PER-SPEG'TO-GRAPH, n. An instrument for obtaining or 
transferring to a picture the points and outlines of origi- 
nal objects. Various instruments are called by this name. 
— Bigelow. 

PER'SPI-€A-BLE, a. Discernible.— Herbert. 

PER-SPI-Gi'CIOUS (-ka'shus), a. [L. pcrspicaz.] 1. Quick- 
sighted ; sharp of sight. 2. Of acute discernment. 

PER-SPI-Ga'CIOUS-NESS, n. Acuteness of sight. 

PER-SPI-GAC'I-TY, n. [L. perspicacitas.] 1. Acuteness of 
sight ; quickness of sight. 2. Acuteness of discernment or 
understanding. 

PER'SPI-€A-CY, n. Perspicacity.— .Ben Jonson. 

*PER-SPf"CIENCE (-spish'ens), n. [L. perspicientia.] The 
act of looking with sharpness. 



PER'SPI-CIL, n. [L. per and speculum.] An optic glass.— 

Little used.] 
PER-SPI-GuT-TY, n. [Fr. perspicuity ; L. perspicuitas.] 1. 



Crashaw. [Little used. 



That quality of a substance which renders objects visible 
through it ; [little used.] 2. Easiness to be understood , 
freedom from obscurity or ambiguity ; that quality of 
writing or language which readily presents to the mind of 
another the precise ideas of the author. — Syn. Perspicu 
ousness ; plainness ; distinctness ; clearness ; transparency ; 
translucency. 

PER-SPIC'U-OUS, a. [ L. perspicuus. ] 1. Transparent : 
translucent; [rare.] 2. Clear to the understanding ; that 
may be clearly understood; not obscure or ambiiruous. 

PER-SPICU-OUS-LY. adv. Clearly ; plainly ; in a manner 
to be easily understood. — Bacon. 

PER-SPICU-OUS-NESS, n. Clearness to intellectual vision ; 
plainness ; freedom from obscurity. 

PER-SPI-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being perspir- 
able. 

PER-SPlRA-BLE, a. [from L. perspiro.] 1. That may be 
perspired; that maybe evacuated through the pores of 
the skin. 2. Emitting perspiration ; [not proper.] 

PER-SPI-RI'TION, n. [L. perspiro.] 1. The act of perspir- 
ing; excretion by the cuticular pores ; evacuation of the 
fluids of the body through the pores of the skin. 2. Matter 
perspired. 

PER-SPiRA-TiVE, a. Performing the act of perspiration. 

PER-SPlR'A-TO-RY, a. Perspirative.— Berkeley. 

PER-SPlRE', v. i. [L. per and spiro.] 1. To evacuate the 
fluids of the body through the pores of the skin. 2. To be 
evacuated or excreted through the pores of the skin. 

PER-SPlRE', v. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores 
of the skin. — Smollett. 

PER-SPlRM)' (per-spird"), pp. Excreted through the pores 
of the skin. 

PER-SPIR'ING, ppr. Emitting moisture through the pore9 
of the skin. 

PER-STRINGE' (per-strinj'), v. t. [L. per string o.] To graze , 
to glance on. — Burton. 

PER-SUXDA-BLE, a. That may be persuaded. 

PER-SUaDA-BLY, adv. So as to be persuaded. 

PER-SUaDE' (per-swade'), v. t. [L. persuadeo.j 1. To in- 
fluence by argument, advice, entreaty, or expostulation ; 
to draw or incUne the will to a determination by present- 
ing motives to the mind. 2. To convince by argument, 
or by evidence presented in any manner to the mind. 3. 
To inculcate by argument or expostulation ; [little used.] 
4. To treat by persuasion ; [obs.] — Syn. To induce ; pre- 
vail on_; win over ; allure ; entice. 

PER-SUaD'ED, pp. Influenced or drawn to an opinion oi 
determination by argument, advice, or reasons suggested ; 
convinced; induced. 

PER-SUID'ER, n. 1. One who persuades or influences an 
other. — Bacon. 2. That which incites. — Milton. 

PER-SU1DTNG, ppr. Influencing by motives presented. 

PER-SUa-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being persuaded. 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. persuasibilis.] That may be per- 
suaded or influenced by reasons offered. 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being influenced 
by persuasion. 

PER-SUa'SION (per-swa'zhun), n. [Fr. ; L. persuasio.] 1. 
The act of persuading. 2. The state of being persuaded 
or convinced; settled opinion or conviction proceeding 
from arguments and reasons offered by others, or suggest- 
ed by one's own reflections. 3. A creed or belief ; or a 
sect ora party adhering to a creed or system of opinions. 

PEPl-SUa'SiVE, a. Having the power of persuading ; in- 
fluencing the mind or passions. 

PER-SUi'SlVE, 7i. That which persuades ; an incitement; 
an exhortation. 

PER-SUl'SlVE-LY, adv. In such a manner as to persuade 
or convince. — Milton. 

PER-SUI'StVE-NESS, n. The quality of having influence 
on the mind or passions. — Taylor. 

PER-SUa'SO-RY, a. Having power to persuade. 

PER-SUL'PHATE, n. A combination of sulphuric acid with 
a peroxyd. — Silliman. 

PER-SUL-Ta'TION, n. [L. persulto.] An eruption of the 
blood from an artery. 

PERT, a. [W. pert.] 1. Lively; brisk; smart.— Shak. 2 
Forward ; saucy ; bold ; indecorously free. — Addison. 

PERT, n. An assuming, over-forward, or impertinent per 
son. — Goldsmith. 

PERT, v. i. To behave with pertness ; to be saucy. — Bishop 
Gauden. 

PER-TIIN', v. i. [L. pertineo.] 1. To belong ; to be «:he 
property, right, or duty of. 2. To have relation to. — Acta, i. 

PER-TER-E-BRa'TION, n. [L. per and terebratio.] The act 
of boring through. — Ainsworth. 

PER-Ti-NI'CIOUS (-na'shus), a. [L. pertinax.] I. Holding 
or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design with ob- 
stinacy or fixed resolution. — Syn. Obstinate! stubborn, 
inflexible ; unyielding ; resolute ; determined ; firm ; con- 
stant; steady. 

PER-TI-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. Obstinately ; with firm or per 
verse adherence to opinion or purpose. 



DAVE ;— BUL L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PER 



736 



PET 



. [L. pertinacia.] 1. Firm or 
unyielding adherence to opin- 
stubbornness. 2. Resolution ; 



PER-TI-NACI-TY, ) 

PER-T1-Na'CIOUS-NESS, 5 
ion or purjjose ; obstinacy 
constancy. 

PER'TI-NA-CY, n. Obstinacy ; stubbornness ; persistency ; 
resolution ; steadiness. — Taylor. [Little used.] 

PERTI-NENCE, In. [L. perlinens.) Justness of relation to 

PER'TI-NEN-C Y, j the subject or matter in hand ; fitness ; 
appositeness ; suitableness. 

PERTI-NENT, a. [L. pertinens.] 1. Related to the subject 
or matter in hand ; just to the purpose ; adapted to the 
end proposed ; not foreign to the thing intended. 2. Re- 
garding ; concerning; belonging; [little used.] — Syn. Ap- 
posite ; relevant ; suitable ; appropriate ; fit ; proper. 

PERTI-NENT-LY, adv. Appositely ; to the purpose. 

PERTI-NENT-NESS, n. Appositeness. 

PER-TIN'GENT, a. [L. pertingens.] Reaching to. 

PERTLY, adv. 1. Briskly ; smartly ; with prompt bold- 
ness. 2. Saucily ; with indecorous confidence or boldness. 

PERTNESS, it. 1. Briskness; smartness. 2. Sauciness ; 
forward promptness or boldness. 3. Petty liveliness ; 
sprightliness without force, dignity, or solidity. 

PER-TURB', _ \v. t. [L. pcrturbo.] 1. To disturb; to 

k PERTURB- ATE, 5 agitate ; to disquiet ; [little used.] 2. 
To disorder ; to confuse ; [little used.] 

PER-TURB-A'TION, n. [L. perturbatio.] 1. Disquiet or agi- 
tation of mind. 2. Restlessness of passions ; great uneasi- 
ness. 3. Disturbance ; disorder ; commotion in public 
affairs. 4. Disturbance of passions ; commotion of spirit. 
5. Cause of disquiet. — 6. In astronomy, an irregularity in 
the motion of a heavenly body through its orbit. 

PERTURB-a-TOR, \ n. One who disturbs or raises com- 

PER-TURB'ER, > motion. [Little used.] 

PERTURBED' (per-turbd'), pp. or a. Disturbed ; agitated ; 
disquieted. 

PER-TURB'ING,^r. Disturbing; agitating. 

PER-TuSE', \a. [L. pertusus.] 1. Punched ; pierced with 

PER.-TuS.ED', 5 holes.— 2. In botany, perforated or pierced 
irregularly with holes. 

PER-TU'SION, n. [L. pertusus.] 1. The act of punching, 
piercing, or thrusting through with a pointed instrument. 
2. A little hole made by punching ; a perforation. 

PERUKE (per'ruke), n. [Fr. perruque; It. perrucca.] An 
artificial cap of hair ; a periwig. — Wiseman. 

PER'UKE, v. t. To dress in adscititious hair. [Little used.] 

PER'UKE-MaK'ER, n. A maker of perukes ■ a wig-maker. 

PE-Ru'SAL, n. 1. The act of reading. 2. Careful view or 
examination. — Tatler ; [unusual] 

PE-RuSE', v. t. 1. To read, or to read with attention. 2. 
To observe ; to examine with careful survey ; [obs.] 

PE-RuSiJD' (pe-ruzd'), pp. Read ; observed ; examined. 

PE-RuS'ER, n. One who reads or examines. — Woodward. 

PE-RuSTNG, ppr. Reading ; examining. 

PE-Ru'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Peru, in South America.— 
Peruvian balsam ; [see Balsam of Peru.] — Peruvian bark, 
the bark of several species of cinchona, trees of Peru ; 
called, also, Jesuits' bark, much used as a remedy in inter- 
mittent fevers and as a tonic. 

PER-VaDE', v. t. [L. pervado.] 1. To pass through an aper- 
ture, pore, or interstice ; to permeate. — Newton. 2. To 
pass or spread through the whole extent of a thing and 
into every minute part. 3. We use this verb in a trans- 
itive form to express a passive or an intransitive signifi- 
cation ; as, warm feeling pervaded the assembly, i. e., was 
diflused through the assembly. 

PER-VaD'ED, pp. Passed through ; permeated ; penetrated 
in every part. 

PER-VaD'ING, ppr. or a. Passing through or extending to 
every part of a thing. 

PER-Va'SION (-va'zhun), n. The act of pervading or pass- 
ing through the whole extent of a thing. — Boyle. 

PER-VI'SiVE, a. Tending, or having power to pervade. 

PER-VERSE' (per-vers'), a. [L. perversus.] 1. Literally, 
turned aside ; hence, distorted from the right. 2. Obsti- 
nate in the wrong ; disposed to be contrary. 3. Disposed 
to cross and vex.— Syn. Froward ; untoward; stubborn; 
untractable ; ungovernable ; cross ; petulant ; peevish ; 
vexatious. 

PER-VERSE'LY (per-versly), adv. With intent to vex ; 
crossly ; peevishly ; obstinately in the wrong. 

PER-VERSE'NESS, n. Disposition to cross or vex; un- 
tractableness ; crossness of temper. 2. Perversion ; [obs.] 

PER- VERSION, n. [Fr. ; L. perversus.] The act of pervert- 
ing ; a turning from truth or propriety ; a diverting from 
the true intent or object ; change to something worse ; 
misapplication. 

PER-VERS'I-TY, n. Perverseness ; crossness ; disposition 
to thwart or cross. — Norris. 

PER-VERS'lVE, a. Tending to pervert or corrupt. 

PER-VERT, v. t. [L. perverto.] 1. To turn from truth, pro- 
priety, or from its proper purpose; to distort from its 
true use or end. 2. To turn from the right ; to corrupt. 

PERV ERTED, pp. or a. Turned from right to wrong ; 



distorted ; corrupted ; misinterpreted : misemployed , mis- 
applied. 

PER-VERTER, n. One who perverts or turns from right 
to wrong ; one who distorts, misinterprets, or misapplies 

PER-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be perverted.— Ainsworth. 

PER- VERTING, ppr. or a. Turning from right to wrong ; 
distorting ; misinterpreting ; misapplying ; corrupting. 

PER-VESTI-GITE, v. t. [L.pervestigo.] To find out by re- 
search. — Cocker am. 

PER-VES-TI-GITION, n. Diligent inquiry ; thorough re- 
search. — Chillingworth. 

PER-VI-€a'CIOUS (-shus), a. [L. pervicax.] Very obsti- 
nate ; stubborn ; willfully contrary or refractory. — Denham. 

PER-VI-CI'CIOUS-LY, adv. With willful obstinacy. 

PER-VI-CI'CIOUS-NESS, \n. Stubbornness; willful ob 

PER-VI-CAC'I-TY, 5 stinacy. [Little used.] 

PER-VIG-IL-A'TION, n. [L. pervigilatio, pervigilo.] A care 
ful watching. 

PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. pcrvius.] 1. Admitting passage ; that 
may be penetrated by another body or substance ; per 
meable ; penetrable. 2. That may be penetrated by the 
mental sight. 3. Pervading ; permeating ; [not proper.] 

PERVI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of admitting passage or 
of being penetrated. — Boyle. 

PE-SaDE', n. [Fr. passade.] The motion of a horse when 
he raises his fore quarters, keeping his hind feet on the 
ground without advancing. 

PES'SA-RY, n. [Fr. pessaire.] An instrument made of ca- 
outchouc, &c, and inserted into the female vagina to sup 
port the mouth and neck of the uterus. 

PES'SI-MIST, n. One who complains of every thing as 
being for the worst: opposed to an optimist. — Smart. 
[Rare.] 

PES'SO-MAN-CY, n. Divination by pebbles.— Smart. 

PEST, n. [Fr. peste ; L. pestis.] 1. Plague ; pestilence ; a 
fatal epidemic disease. 2. Any .thing very noxious, mis- 
chievous, or destructive ; bane. 

PESTER, v. t. [Fr. pester.] 1. To trouble ; to disturb ; to 
annoy ; to harass with little vexations. 2. To encumber. 

PESTERED, pp. Troubled; disturbed; annoyed. 

PESTER-ER, n. One who troubles or harasses with vex- 
ation. 

PESTER-ING, ppr. Troubling; disturbing. 

PESTER-OUS, a. Encumbering ; burdensome. [Rare.] 

PEST-HOUSE, n. A house or hospital for persons infected 
with any contagious and mortal disease. 

t PESTI-DUCT, n. [L. pestis and duco.] That which con- 
veys contagion or infections. 

PEST-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pestis and fero.] 1. Pestilential ; 
noxious to health ; malignant ; infectious ; contagious. 2. 
Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society ; mischievous : 
destructive. 3. Troublesome ; vexatious. — Shalt. 

PEST-IF'ER-OUS-LY, adv. In a pestiferous manner. 

PESTI-LENCE, n. [L. pestilentia.] 1. Plague, appropriately 
so called; but in a, general sense, any contagious or infectious 
disease that is epidemic and mortal. 2. Corruption or mor- 
al disease destructive to happiness. 

PESTI-LENT, a. [L. pestilens.] 1. Producing the plague, 
or other malignant, contagious disease ; noxious to health 
and life. 2. Mischievous ; noxious to morals or society : 
destructive. 3. Troublesome ; mischievous ; making dis- 
turbance ; corrupt. — Acts, xxiv., 5. 

P-tST-I-LENTIAL, a. 1. Partaking of the nature of the 
plague or other infectious disease. 2. Producing or tend 
ing to produce infectious disease. 3. Mischievous ; de- 
structive ; pernicious. — South. 

PESTI-LENT-LY, adv. Mischievously ; destructively. 

PES-TIL-La'TION, n. [L. pistillum.] The act of poundku. 
and bruising in a mortar. — Brown. [Little used.] 

PESTLE (pesl), n. [L. pistillum.] 1. An instrument for 
pounding and breaking substances in a mortar. 2. A short 
bludgeon (so called from its shape), formerly carried by 
officers of the peace. — A pestle of pork, a leg of pork, so 
called from its shape. — Toone. 

PET, n. [contracted from petulant.] A slight fit of peevish 
ness or fretful discontent. 

PET, n. [formerly peat. Qu. W.peth.] 1. A cade lamb, 
lamb brought up by hand. 2. A fondling; any little ani- 
mal fondled and indulged. 

PET. v. t. To treat as a pet ; to fondle ; to indulge. 

* PETAL or Pe'TAL, n. [Fr. petale.] In botany, a flower- 
leaf; a term applied to the separate parts of a corol. 

PETAdSuS \ a - Having petals ; as, a petaled ilower. 

PETAL-INE,' a. Pertaining to a petal.— Barton. 

PETAL-ISM, n. [Gr. hetoXiohos.] A form of sentence among 
the ancient Syracusans, by which they banished for five 
years a citizen of whom they were jealous ; nearly equiv- 
alent to the Athenian ostracism. The name of the obnox 
ious person was written on a leaf. 

PETAL-ITE, n. [Gr. veraXov.] A rare mineral, appearing 
like white quartz, but of a foliated structure, and contain- 
in g lithia. 



See Synopsis. A, E. I, &c. long.— a, k, i, &c. short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT — PRE Y;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



PET 



73-3 



PHA 



PETAL-CID, a. [petal, and Gr. eiSos.] Having the form of 
a petal. — Barton. ■ 

PETAL-SHaPED (-sha.pt), a. Having the shape of a petal. 

PE-TaRD', \n. [It., Sp. petardo ; Ft. petard.] An engine of 

f PE-TXR', 5 war made of metal, nearly in the shape of a 
hat, to be loaded with powder and fixed on a madrier or 
plank, and formerly used to break gates, barricades, draw- 
bridges, and the like by explosion. 

PETA-SU3, n. [L.] The winged cap of Mercury ; a broad- 
brimmed hat 

PE-TAU'RI3T, n. [Gr. irtram and ovpa.] One of a genus of 
marsupial animals, which take extensive leaps by means 
of outstretched folds between the fore and hind extrem- 
ities, aided by an expanded tail, as the flying squirrel. — 
Brande. 

PE-TEC'CHI-.-E, n. pi. [It. petecchia ; Sp. petequia.] Purple 
spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers. 

PE-TECCHI-AL, a. Spotted.— A petecchial fever is a ma- 
lignant fever accompanied with purple spots on the skin. 

p|'tr|:}^S^tpeteb. 

PET'ER-EL, n. See Petrel. 

Pk'TEPl-PENCE, n. An annual tax or tribute of one penny 
formerly paid by the English people to the pope ; Rome- 
scot.— Hall. 

Pe'TER-WoRT, n, A plant. See Saint Peter's Wort. 

PET'I-O-LAR, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a petiole, or pro^eed- 

PETI-O-LA-RY, 5 ing from it. 2. Formed from a petiole. 
3. Growing on a petiole. 

PETI-O-L ATE, ? a. Having a petiole ; as. a petiolate leaf. — 

PETT-OLED, 5 Marty n. 

PETI-OLE, n. [L. petiolus.] In botany, a leaf-stalk ; the 
foot-stalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. 

PET'I-O-LULE, 7i. A small petiole. 

PETIT (petty), a. [Ft. See Petty.] Small ; little ; mean. 
This word petit is now generally written petty. — Petit jury, 
a jury consisting of twelve men for the trial of causes in a 
court. — Petit larceny, the stealing of an article not exceed- 
ing one shilling in England, or $25 in New York. 

PET'IT-MaTTRE (pette-matr), n. [Ft.] A spruce fellow 
who dangles about females ; a fop ; a coxcomb. 

PE-Ti'TION (-tish'un), n. [h.petitio.] 1. In a general sense, 
a request, entreaty, supplication, or prayer ; but chiefly and 
appropriately, a solemn or formal supplication ; a prayer, 
or branch of prayer addressed by a person to the Supreme 
Being. 2. A formal request or supplication from an infe- 
rior to a superior. 3. The paper containing a supplication 
or solicitation. 

PE-Tl"TION, v. t. To make a request to ; to ask from ; to 
solicit ; particularly, to make supplication to a superior for 
some favor or right. 

PE-TI"TION-A-RI-LY, adv. By way of begging the question. 

PE-Tl"TION-A-RY, a. 1. Supplicatory ; coming with a pe- 
tition. 2. Containing a petition or request. — Swift. 

PE-Tl"TIONED, pp. Asked as a favor ; solicited. 

PE-TFTION-ER, n. One who presents a petition, either 
verbal or written. 

PE-Tl' TION-ING, ppr. Asking as a favor, grant, right, or 
mercy ; supplicating. 

PE-Tl"TION-ING, n. The act of asking or soliciting ; solic- 
itation ; supplication. 

PE-TT'TI-0 PRIN-CIFI-I (-tish'e-o-). [L.J A begging of 
the question ; a tacit assumption of the proposition to be 
proved as a premise in the argument by which it is to be 
proved. 

>ETT-TO-RY, a. Petitioning ; soliciting— Brewer. [Obs.] 

, E-TONG', n. The Chinese white copper, an alloy of cop- 
per and nickel. — Brande. 

PE-TRE'AN, a. [L. pelra.] Pertaining to rock. 

PETREL, n. A name common to the long-winged, web- 
footed sea-fowl, constituting the Linnsan genus procellaria. 

PE-TRES'CENCE, n. The process of changing into stone. 

PE-TRES'CENT, a. [Gr. -xerpos .] 1. Converting into stone ; 
changing into stony hardness. — Boyle. 

PET-RI-FAC'TION, n. 1. The process of changing into 
stone. This is effected by the gradual displacement of the 
particles of the substance said to be petrified, and the infil- 
tration of silicious earth, or lime in composition with iron 
or iron pyrites. 2. That which is converted from animal 
or vegetable substance into stone. — 3. In popular usage, a 
bodylncrusted with stony matter ; an incrustation. 

PET-RI-F ACTIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to petrifaction. 2. 
Having power to convert vegetable or animal substances 
into stone. 

PE-TRIF1C, a. Having power to convert into stone. 

\ PETRI-FI-€aTE, v. t. To petrify.— Hall. 

PET-RI-FI-Ci'TION, n. 1. The process of petrifying. 2. 
That which is petrined ; a petrifaction ; [little used.] 3. 
Obduracv; callousness. 

PETRI-FlED (petre-f Ide), pp. or a. 1. Changed into stone. 
2. Fixed in amazement 

PETRI-FY, v. t. [L.petra and facio.] 1. To convert to sfjne 
or stony substance, as an animal or vegetable substance. 



2. To make callous or obdurate. 3. To fix in amaze- 
ment. 

PETRI-FY, v. i. To become stone, or of a stony hardness. 

PET'RI-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Converting into stone.— Kirwan. 

PE-TRo'LE-UM, n. [Ft. petrole.] Rock oil -a liquid inflam- 
mable substance or bitumen exuding from the earth and 
collected on the surface of the water in certain fountains 
and wells. [Petrol has sometimes been used.] 

PET'RO-LINE, n. A substance obtained by distilling the 
petroleum of R-angoon. — Brande. 

t PET'RO-NEL, n. A kind of carbine, or large horseman's 
pistol. 

PET-RO-Sl'LEX, n. [L. pctra and silex.] Rock stone ; rock 
flint, or compact feldspar. 

PET-RO-SI-Ll'CIOUS, a. Consisting of petrosilex. 

Pk'TROUS, a. [L. petra.] Like stone ; hard ; stony. 

PET'TED.j?^. or a. Treated as a pet ; fondled. 

PETTI-CoAT, n. [Ft. petit.] A loose under-garment worn 
by females, and covering the lower limbs. 

PET'TI-FOG, v. i. [Fr.petit and voguer.] To do small busi- 
ness ; as a lawyer. [Vulgar.] 

PETTIFOGGER, n. An inferior attorney or lawyer who 
is employed in small or mean business. 

PETTI-FOG-GER-Y, n. The practice of a pettifogger ; 
tricks ; quibbles. — Milton. 

PETTI-NE3S, n. Smallness; littleness.— Shak. 

PETTING, ppr. Fondiing; indulging. 

PETTISH, a. Fretful ; peevish.— Creech. 

PETTISH-LY, adv. In a pet ; with a freak of ill-temper. 

PETTISH-NESS. n. Fretfulness ; petulance ; peevishness. 
—Collier. 

PETTI-ToES (-toze), n.pl. The toes or feet of a pig, often 
used as food ; sometimes used for the human feet, in con- 
tempt. 

PETTO, n. [It, from L. pectus.] The breast ; hence, in 
petto, in secrecy ; in reserve. — Chesterfield. 

PETTY, a. [Ft. petit.] 1. Small in amount degree, import- 
ance, &c. [See Petit.] — Syn. Little ; diminutive ; incon- 
siderable ; inferior ; trifling ; trivial ; unimportant ; frivo- 
lous. 

PET'TY-CHAPS, n. A small European singing bird, allied 
to the nightingale. 

PETTY-COY, n. An herb. — Ainsworth. 

PETTJ-LANCE, t n. [L. petulantia : Ft. petulance.] Freak- 

PETF-LAN-CY, } ish passion ; peevishness ; pettishness ; 
sauciness. — Peevishness is not precisely synonymous with 
petulance ; the former implying more permanence of a 
sour, fretful temper ; the latter, more temporary or capri- 
cious irritation. 

PET'tJ-LANT, a. [L. petulans.] 1. Saucy ; pert or forward 
with fretfulness or sourness of temper. 2. Manifesting 
petulance ; proceeding from pettishness. 3. Wanton ; 
freakish in passion. — Syn. Irritable ; ill-humored ; peev 
ish ; cross ; fretful. 

PETH-LANT-LY, adv. With petulance ; with saucy pert 
ness. 

PE-TUNSE' i (De-tuns'), n, A Chinese name for fresh or- 

PE-TUNTSE' \ undecomposed feldspar, ground very fine,. 

PE-TUNTZE' > and used with kaolin to form porcelain 
Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

PEUR'MI-€AN, n. Potted beef. See Pemmican. 

PEW (pu), n. [D.puye ; L. podium.] An inclosed seat in.n- 
church. 

PEW, v. t. To furnish with pews. — Ashe. [Little used.] 

PEW'-FEL-LoW, n. A companion.— Bp. Hall. 

Pe/WIT, \ n. 1. The lapwing or green plover. — 2. Pewit 

Pe WET, S gull or pewit, the sea-crow or mire-crow. 

PEWTER (pater), n. [It. peltro ; Sp. pcltrc.] 1. A compo- 
sition or factitious metal, consisting mainly of tin and lead. 
Tin alloyed with small quantities of antimony, copper, and : 
bismuth, forms the best pewter. 2. Vessels or utensils 
made of pewter ; as plates, dishes, porringers, and the 
like. 

PEWTER-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make ves 
sels and utensils of pewter. — Boyle. 

PEW'TER-Y, n. Belonging to pewter ; as, a pewtery teste. 

t PEX'I-TY, n. [L. pecto.] The nap or shag of cloth.— Coles 

PHa'E-TON. n. [Gr., from 0atvw.] 1. In mythology, the son 
of Phoebus and Clymene. He asked his father to lend 
him the chariot of the sun for a day, but being unable U* 
guide it, was destroyed by a thunderbolt 2. An open 
carriage like a chaise, on four wheels, and drawn by two 
horses. — 3. In ornithology, a genus of palmiped birds, the 
tropic bird. 

PHAG-E-DE'NA, n. [Gr. Qaydaiva.] A spreading, obstinate 
ulcer ; a canine appetite. 

PHAG-E-DENTC, a. [Gr. 4>ayciaiviKos.] Pertaining to phag- 
edena ; of the nature and character of phagedena. — Phag- 
edenic water, is a compound of lime and corrosive subli 
mate. 

PHAO-E-DENTC, n. A medicine or application that causes 
the absorption, or the death and sloughing of fungour 
flesh. 



D6VE : 



5lJ LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VINOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 
A A A 



PHA 



738 



PHI 



PHAG-EDe'NQUS, a. Causing absorption of the flesh, as in 
phagedena ; of the nature of phagedena. 

PHA-LAN"GAL, la. Belonging to the phalanges, or small 

PHA-LAN'GI-AL, 5 bones of the fingers and toes. 

PHA-LAN'GER, n. [from phalanx.] A name common to 
several species of nocturnal marsupial quadrupeds inhab- 
iting New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, and the islands 
north of New Holland. The two innermost toes of their 
hinder feet are joined together almost to the extremity. 

PHA-LAN'GKS, ii. pi. [from phalanx.] In anatomy, the small 
bones of the fingers and toes. — Brande. 

PHA-LAN'GI-OUS, a. [Gr. <pa\ayytov.] Pertaining to the 
genus of spiders called phalangium. — Brown. 

PHAL'AN-GlTE, n. [Gr. <pa\ayy trrji.] A soldier belonging 
to a phalanx. — Mitford. 

PHAL'AN-STE-RY, n. [from phalanx.] The residence or 
common dwelling of the members of an association, ac- 
cording to the scheme of Charles Fourier. 

* PHAL'ANX (fal'anks), n. [L. ; Gr. <pa\ay\.] 1. In Grecian 

antiquity, a square battalion or body of soldiers, formed in 
ranks and files close and deep. 2. Any body of troops or 
men formed in close array, or any combination of people 
distinguished for firmness and solidity of union. — 3. In 
anatomy, the rows of small bones forming the fingers or 
toes. 

PHAL'A-ROPE, n. The name of several species of wading 
birds. They are chiefly northern in their locality, breed 
on the sea-shores, and swim freely. 

PHAN-E-RO-GA'MI-AN, )a. [Gr. Qavepos and yafioi.] Terms 

PHAN-E-RO-GAM'I€, \ applied to plants having visible 

PHAN-E-ROG'A-MOUS, J flowers containing stamens and 
pistils. 

PHANTASM (fan'tazm), n. [Gr. (pavratrfia.] That which 
appears to the mind ; the image of an external object ; an 
idea or notion ; it usually denotes a vain or airy appear- 
ance ; something imagined. 

PHAN-TAS-MA-Go'RI-A, 7 n. [Gr. (pavraafia and ayopao/jtai.] 

PHAN-TAS'MA-GO-RY, } A term applied to representa- 
tions made by a magic lantern ; also, a magic lantern. 

PHAN-TAS-MA-GO'RI-AL, a. Relating to phantasmagoria. 

PHAN-TAS'TIC. See Fantastic. 

PHAN'TA-SY. See Fancy. 

PHANTOM, n. [Fr. fantome.] 1. Something that appears ; 
an apparition ; a spectre ; a ghost. 2. A fancied vision. 

PHa'RA-ON, n. The name of a game of chance ; now writ- 
ten faro. 

PHAR-A-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the Pharaohs or kings of 
Egypt, or to the old Egyptians. — Niebuhr. 

PHAR-I-Sa'IC, ? a. Pertaining to the Pharisees ; resem- 

PHAR-I-Sa'I€-AL, j bling the Pharisees ; making a show 
of religion without the spirit of it. 

PHAR-I-Sa'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of Pharisees. 

PHAR-I-Sa'I€-AL-NESS, n. Devotion to external rites and 
ceremonies ; external show of religion without the spirit 
of it. 

PHAR'1-Sa-ISM, n. 1. The notions, doctrines, and conduct 
of the Pharisees, as a sect. 2. Rigid observance of extern- 
al forms of religion without genuine piety ; hypocrisy in 
religion._ 

PHAR-I-Se'AN, a. Following the practice of the Pharisees. 
— Milton. 

PHAR'I-SEE, n. [Heb. tT\t), to separate.] One of a sect 
among the Jews, whose religion consisted in a strict ob- 
servance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of 
the elders, and whose pretended holiness led them to sep- 
arate themselves as a sect, considering themselves as more 
righteous than other Jews. 

* PHaR-MA-CEu'TI€, \a. [Gr. QapixaiccviiKoS.] Per- 

* PHaR-MA-CEu'TI€-AL, \ taming to the knowledge or 
art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines. 

* PHaR-MA-CEu'TIC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of phar- 
macy. 

* PHaR-MA-CEOTI€S (-su'tiks), n. The science of pre- 
paring medicines. — Parr. 

* PHaR-MA-CEOTIST, n. One who prepares medicines. 
PHaR-MAC'O-LiTE, n. Native arseniate of lime. 

PH aR-MA-COL'O-GIST, n. [Gr. Qappaicov.] _ One who writes 
on drugs, or the composition and preparation of medicines. 
— Woodward. 

PHaR-MA-€OL'0-6Y, n. 1. The science or knowledge of 
drugs, or the art of preparing medicines. 2. A treatise on 
the art of preparing medicines. 

PHaR-MA-CO-POE'IA, n. [Gr. <p a ppaKov and nouw.] A dis- 
pensatory ; a book or treatise describing the preparations 
of the several kinds of medicines, with their uses and man- 
ner of application. 

PHaR-MA -€OP'0-LIST, n. [Gr. (p a p(xaKov and icwrcw.] One 
who sens medicines ; an apothecary. 

PHaR'MA-CY, n. [Gr. t^npfxaKua.] The art or practice of 
preparing, preserving, and compounding substances for the 
purposes of medicine ; the occupation of an apothecary. 

PHa'ROS, n. [Gr. <papos.] 1. A light-house or tower which 

anciently str od on a s mall isle of that name, adjoining the 

* See Synopsis 



Egyptian shore, over against Alexandria. 2. Aoy light 
house for the direction of seamen ; a watch-towpr ; a 
beacon. 

PHA-RYN'GE-AL, a. Belonging to or connected with the 
pharynx. 

PHAR-YN-GOTO-MY, n. [Gr. fapvyt and refivu.] The op- 
eration of making an incision into the pharynx. 

PHARYNX, n. The upper part of the esophagus ; or a 
muscular bag leading to the esophagus. 

PHaSE, In. ; pi. Phases. [Gr. (pacts.] 1. In a general 

PHa'SIS, J sense, an appearance ; that which is exhibited 
to the eye ; appropriately, any appearance or quantity of 
illumination of the moon or other planet. — 2. In mineralo- 
gy, transparent green quartz. 

PHa'SEL, n. [Gr. <paarj\os, or <paaio\oS-] The French bean 
or kidney bean. 

PHASM, > n. [Gr.] Appearance ; fancied apparition , 

PHAS'MA, 5 phantom. [Little used.] 

PHAS'SA-CHaTE, n. The lead-colored agate. 

PHeAS'ANT (fez'ant), n. [Fr. fuisan ; L. phasianus.] A 
name common to several species of gallinaceous birds, 
natives of Asia, and highly esteemed for the beauty of 
their plumage, the elegance of their forms, and the delica 
cy of their flesh. 

PHe AS'ANT-RY, n. A place for keeping and rearing pheas- 
ants. 

PHEER, n. [Sax. gefera.] A companion. See Peek. 

PHEESE, v. t. To comb. See Fease. 

PHEES.ED (feezd), pp. Combed ; fleeced. 

PHEN'GlTE, n. [Gr. (peyyiTnS-] A beautiful species of ala- 
baster. — Encyc. 

PHEN'I-CIN, n. [Gr. $o<viL] The purple powder precipi- 
tated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with 
water. — Brande. 

PHEN-I-COPTER, n. [Gr. (potviKoirrepoS.] The flamingo. 

PHe'NIX, n. [Gr. (boivil ; L. phoenix.] 1. The fabulous bird 
which is said to exist single, and to rise again from its 
own ashes ; hence used as an emblem of immortality. 2. 
A person of singular distinction. 3. A southern constella- 
tion near Achernar. 

PHEN-O-Ga'MI-AN, } a. [Gr. <f>aivu> and yap.oi.] In botany, 

PHEN-O-GAMTG, > having stamens and pistils distinct- 

PHE-NOG'A-MOUS, > ly visible. 

PHE-NOM'E-NAL, a. Pertaining to a phenomena or ap- 
pearance. — Bib. Rep. 

PHE-NOM'E-NAL-LY, adv. As a phenomenon. 

PHE-NOM-E-NOL'O-GY, n, [phenomenon, and Gr. Xoyos.] A 
description or history of phenomena. 

PHE-NOM'E-NON, n.; pi. Phenomena. [Gr. <f>aivoixevov.] 
In a general sense, an appearance ; any thing visible ; what- 
ever is presented to the eye by observation or experiment, 
or whatever is discovered to exist. It sometimes denotes 
a remarkable or unusual appearance, or an appearance 
whose cause is not immediately obvious. 

PHf/ON. n. In heraldry, the barbed iron head of a dart. 

PHl'AL (fi'al), n. [L. phiala.] 1. A glass vessel or bottle , 
in common usage, a small glass vessel used for holding 
liquors. 2. A large vessel or bottle made of glass ; as, the 
Leyden phial. [This word is often written vial.] 

PHl'AL, v. t. To put or keep in a phial. — Shenstone. 

PHIL-A-DEL'PHI-AN, a. [Gr. <pi\os and a6e\<pos.] Pertain- 
ing to Philadelphia, or to Ptolemy Philadelphia. 

PHIL-A-DEL'PHI-AN, n. One of the family of love. 

PHIL-AN-THROP'I€, ? a. 1. Possessing general bengv- 

PHIL-AN-THROF1C-AL, j olence ; entertaining good-will 
toward all men ; loving mankind. 2. Directed to *he gen 
eral good. 

PHIL-AN-THROP'IC-AL-LY, adv. With philanthropy ; be 
nevolently. 

PHJ-LANTHRO-PIST, n. A person of general benevolence , 
one who loves or wishes well to his fellow-men, and who 
exerts himself in doing them good. 

PHi-LANTHRO-PY, n. [Gr. ( Aoff and av6pwiros.] The 
love of mankind ; benevolence toward the whole mimao 
family ; universal good-will. 

PHIL-HaR-MON'IC, a. Loving harmony or music. 

PHIL-HEL'LEN-IST, n. [Gr. ( Aos and 'EAA^vtf .] A friend 
of Greece ; one who supports the cause and interests of 
the Greeks ; particularly, one who supported them in 
their late struggle with the Turks. 

PHIL'I-BEG, n." A plaid or garment reaching only to the 
knees. — Scotch. 

PHIL-IP'PIC, n. An oration of Demosthenes, the Grecian 
orator, against Philip, king of Macedon. Hence the word 
is used to denote any discourse or declamation full of ac- 
rimonious invective. 

PHIL'IP-PlZE, v. i. 1. To write or utter invective ; to de- 
claim against. — Burke ; [unusual.] 2. To side with Phil- 
ip ; to support or advocate Philip. — Swift. 

PHIL-ISTINE, n. An inhabitant of Palestine, now Syria. 

PHIL-ISTIN-ISM, n. Manners of the Philistines.— CarlyU. 

PHIL'LIPS-ITE, 72. [from W. Phillips.] A mineral, allied 
to harmotone. 



1. E, T. &c, long.— a, E, I , &.C., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MAR WE, BiRP ; -M5VE, BOOK, 



PHI 



739 



PHU 



»Hi-LOL'OgER, \ 
PHLLOL'O-gIST, ] 



One versed in the history and con- | PHILTER (filter), v. t. 1. To impregnate with a love p«, 



, struction of language. 
PHIL-0-LO<5T€, ?«. Pertaining to philology, or to the 
PHIL-O-LOg'LG-AL, 5 study and knowledge of language. 
PHIL-OLOg'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a philological manner. 3 
PHl-hOL'0-6lZE,v.i. To offer criticisms.— Evelyn. [Rare.] 
PHf-LOL'O GY, n. [Gr. faXnXoyia.] 1. Primarily, a love of 
words. 2. That branch of literature which comprehends 
a knowledge of the etymology or origin and combination 
of words ; also, of grammar, the construction of sentences 
or uae of words in language, and sometimes of rhetoric 
and criticism. 
PHi'LO-MATH, n. [Gr. (piXouaOnS.] A lover of learning. 
PHl-LO-MATH'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to the love of learning. 

2. Having a love of letters. 
PHIL'O-MATII-Y, n. The love of learning. 
* PHl'LO-MEL, \ n. [from Philomela, who was changed into 
PHIL-O-Mk'LA, 5 a nightingale.] The nightingale. . 
PHIL'O-MOT, a. [corrupted from Fr. feuille morte.) Of the 

color of a dead leaf— Addison. 
•PHIL-0-Mb"SI€-AL, a. Loving music— Busby. 
PHIL-O-Pe'NA, n. A small present made in accordance 
with a custom said to have been introduced from Ger- 
many. A person who in eating almonds in company, 
finds one containing two kernels, presents one of them to 
a person of the opposite sex ; and whichever, when they 
next meet, shall first say philopena, is entitled to receive 
from the other a present bearing this name. The expres- 
sion in German is vicl liebchen, much loved, pronounced 
somewhat like philip'kin. Some, therefore, suppose this 
to be the origin of the word, by a change of the termina- 
tion into pena (L. pcena), from an idea that the gift was a 
penalty. Others would derive it directly from <pi\?s, a 
friend, and pcena. penalty. — [Ed.] 
PHIL-0-PO-LEM'I€, a. [Gr. <p t Xos and ttoX^ikoS.] Ruling 
over opposite or contending natures ; an epithet of Min- 
erva. 
PHi-LO-PRO-gEN'I-TiVENESS, n. Among phrenologists 

the love of offspring or young children. 
PHI-LOS'O-PHAS-TER, n. A pretender to philosophy. 
\ PHi-LOS'O-PHaTE, v. i. [L. philosophor, philosophatus.] 

To play the philosopher ; to moralize. 
\ PHi-LOS-O-PHa'TION, n. Philosophical discussion. 
PHl-LOS'O-PHEME, n. [Gr. (piXoco^vixa.] Principle of 

reasoning ; a theorem. [Little used.] 
PHl-LOS'O-PHER, n. LA person versed in philosophy, or 
in the principles of nature and morality ; one who devotes 
himself to the study of physics, or of moral or intellectual 
science. — 2. In a general sense, one who is profoundly 
versed in any science. — Philosopher's stone, a stone or 
preparation which the alchemists formerly sought, as the 
instrument of converting the baser metals into pure gold. 
FHIL-O-SOPH'IC, 1 a. 1. Pertaining to philosophy. 2. 
PHIL-0-SOPH'I€-AL, > Proceeding from philosophy. 3. 
Suitable to philosophy ; according to philosophy. 4. Skill- 
ed in philosophy. 5. Given to philosophy. 6. Regulated 
by philosophy or the rules of reason. 7. Calm ; cool ; 
temperate ; rational ; such as characterizes a philosopher. 
PHIL-O-SOPH'IC-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a philosophical man- 
ner. 2. Calmly ; wisely ; rationally. 
PHI-LOS'O-PHISM, n. [Gr. QiXoS and coQiapa.] 1. The 
love of fallacious arguments or false reasoning. 2. The 
practice of sophistry.— Ch. Obs. 
PHl-LOS'O-PHlST, n. A lover of sophistry ; one who 

practices sophistry. — Porteus. 
PHl-LOS-O-PHIST'IC, \a. Pertaining to the love or 
PHi-LOS-0-PH_ISri€-AL, $ practice of sophistry. 
PHI-LOS'O-PHiZE, v. i. To reason like a philosopher ; to 
search into the reason and nature of things ; to investigate 
phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence. 
PHI-LOS'O-PHlZ-ER, n. One who philosophizes. 
PHi-LOS'O-PHlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Searching into the reas- 
ons of things ; assigning reasons for phenomena. 
PHI-LOS'O-PHY, n. [L. philosophia.] 1. Literally, the love 
of wisdom. But, in modern acceptation, philosophy is a 
general term denoting an explanation of the reasons of 
things ; or an investigation of the causes of all phenomena 
both of mind and of matter. When applied to any par- 
ticular department of knowledge, it denotes the collection 
of general laws or principles under which all the subordi- 
nate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are com- 
prehended. Thus, that branch of philosophy which treats 
of God, &c, is called theology ; that which treat3 >f na- 
ture is called physics, including natural philosophy and nat- 
ural history : that which treats of man is called logic and 
ethics, or moral philosophy ; that which treats of the mind 
is called intellectual or mental philosophy, or metaphysics. 
2. Hypothesis or system on which natural effects are ex- 
plained. 3. Reasoning; argumentation. 4. Course of sci- 
ences read in the schools. 
PHIL-O-TECH'NIC, a. Having attachment to the arts. 
PHILTER, n. [Fr. philtre ; L. philtra.] 1. A potion intend- 
ed or adapted to excite love. 2. A charm to excite love. 



tion. 2. To charm by love ; to excite to love or animai 
desire by a potion. 
PHILTER.ED, pp. Impregnated with a love potion. 
PHIZ, n. [supposed to be a contraction of physiognomy. | 

The face or visage ; [in sport or contempt.] — Stepney. 
PHLE-BOT'O-MIST, n. One who opens a vein for letting 

blood ; a blood-letter. 
PHLE-BOTO-MiZE, v. t. To let blood from a vein. 
PHLE-BOTO-MlZ£D, pp. Having blood let from a vein. 
PHLE-BOT'O-MlZ-ING, ppr. Letting blood from a vein. 
PHLE-BOTO-MY, n. [Gr. <pXrfoTouia.] The act or practice 

of opening a vein for letting blood ; venesection. 
PHLEGM (Hem), n. [Gr. tpXtyna.] 1. Cold animal fluid , 
watery matter ; one of the four humors of which the an- 
cients supposed the blood to be composed. — 2. In common 
usage, bronchial mucus ; the thick, viscid matter secreted 
in the throat. — 3. Among chemists, water, or the water of 
distillation ; [obs.] 4. Dullness ; coldness ; sluggishness ; 
indifference, 
t PHLEG'MA-GOGUE (fleg'ma-gog), n. [Gr. <pXe Yi xa and ayw.J 
A term anciently used to denote a medicine supposed to 
possess the property of expelling phlegm. 
* PHLEG-MAT'IG, a. [Gr. <f>XtynaTiKo<;^\ 1. Abounding in 
phlegm. 2. Generating phlegm. — Shak. 3. Watery. — 
Newton. 4. Cold ; dull ; sluggish ; heavy ; not easily ex- 
cited into action or passion. 
PHLEG-MAT'IC-AL-L Y, adv. Coldly ; heavily.— Warburton. 
PHLEG'MON, n. [Gr. <f>Xty uovn-] A specific, cutaneous, in- 
flammatory tumor, red, painful, and suppurating. 
PHLEG'MON-OUS, a. Having the nature or properties of 

a phlegmon ; like a phlegmon. 
PHLeME, n. [Arm.fttmm] -See Fleam. 
PHLO-GISTIAN (flo-jisfyan), n. A believer in the exist 

ence of phlogiston. 
PHLO-GISTIC, a. 1. In chemistry, partaking of phlogiston , 
inflaming. — 2. In medicine, entonic or sthenic, that is, at- 
tended with a preternatural degree of vital energy and 
strength of action in the heart and arteries. 
PHLO-gISTIC-aTE, v. t. To combine phlogiston with. 
PHLO-gIS'TIC- A-TED, pp. or a. Combined with phlogiston. 
PHLO-gIS-TIC-a'TION, n. The act or process of combin- 
ing with phlogiston. 
* PHLO-gIS'TON, n. [Gr. <pXoyia-oS-] The supposed prin- 
ciple of inflammability ; the supposed matter of lire in 
composition with other bodies. 
PHLO-RID'ZIN, n. [Gr. QXoioS, <f>XooS. and piW A bitter, 
crystallizable substance closely allied to salicin, obtained 
from the bark of the root of the apple, pear, and some 
other trees. — Graham. 
PHo'CA, n. [Gr. and L., a seal.] In zoology, a genus of mam- 
mals ;_ the seal ; sea-bear ; sea-calf. — Linnazus. 
PHO-C£'NIN, n. A fatty matter contained in the oil of the 

porpoise. By saponification phocenic acid is formed 
PHo'CiNE, a. Pertaining to the seal tribe. 
PHOS'BUS, n. In mythology, a name of Apollo, often used 

to signify the sun. 
PHCE'NIX._ SeePHENix. 
PHo'LA-DlTE, ii. A petrified bivalve shell of the genus 

pholas. 
PHO-NET'IC, a. [Gr. <po)vnnKog, vocal, from tywvn, sound.] 
1. Vocal. 2. Representing sounds ; as, phonetic charae 
ters ; opposed to ideographic. 
PHO-NETIC-AL-LY, adv. So as to express sounds. 
PHO-NETICS, ) n. pi. [Gr. <p(ovn-] L The doctrine or sci 
PHONICS, ) euce of sounds, especially of the human 

voice. 2. The art of combining musical sounds. 
PHO-NO-CAMPTIC, a. [Gr. <puvn and Ka/nrTU).] Having 
the power to inflect sound, or turn it from its direction, 
and thus to alter it. 
PHO-NO-GRAPH'IG, \a. Descriptive of the sounds of 
PHO-NO-GRAPH'IC-AL, j the voice. 
PFIO-NOG'RA-PHIST, n. One who explains the laws of 

the voice. 
PHO-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. tyuvn and ypn<Pv-) 1- A descrip- 
tion of the laws of the human voice, or ot sounds uttered 
by the orguns of speech. 2. A representation of sounds, 
each by its distinctive character. 
PHO'NO-LTTE, n. [Gr. <j>uvv and XtOoS.] Sounding-stone 

a name proposed as a substitute for clinkstone. 
PHO-NO-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to phonology. 
PHO NOL'O-gIST, n. One versed in phonology. 
PHO-NOL'O-gY, n. [Gr. (puivrj and Xoyoi-] A treatise or. 
sounds, or the science or doctrine of the elemental 
sounds uttered by the human voice in speech. 
PHo'NO-TyP-Y, n. A proposed mode of printing, in which 
each sound of the voice shall be represented by a distinct 
letter or type. 
tPHOR-0-NOM'I€S, n. [Gr. (bepu and vo^.] Mechanics, 

or the science of motion. — Brands. 
PHOS'gEN, a. [Gr. <£ws and ytvvau.] Generating light.— 
Phosgen gas is now called chloro-carbonic acid. — Silii- 
man. 



DoVE -.—BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PHR 



740 



phy 



PHOS PHATE, n. A salt formed by a combination of phos- 
phoric acid with a salifiable base. 

PHOS'PHlTE, re. A salt formed by a combination of phos- 
phorous acid with a salifiable base. — Lavoisier. 

PHOS'PHO-LlTE, n. [phosphor, and Gr. X t Of .] An earth 
united with phosphoric acid. — Kirwan. 

PHOS'PHOR (fos'for), n. [Gr. QuoQopos.] The morning 
star, or Lucifer ; Venus, when it precedes the sun and 
shines in the morning. 

PHOS'PHOR-ITK v. t. To combine or impregnate with 
phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHOR- A-TED, pp. or a. Combined or impregnated 
with phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHOR- A-TING, ppr. Combining with phosphorus. 

PHOS-PHOR-ESCE' (fos-for-es 7 ), v. i. To shine, as phos- 
phorus, by exhibiting a faint light without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHOR-ES'CENCE, n. A faint light or luminousness 
of a body, unaccompanied with sensible heat 

PHOS-PHOR-ES'CENT, a. Shining with a faint light; lu- 
minous without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHOR-ES'CING, ppr. Exhibiting light without sens- 
ible heat. — Cleaveland. 

PHOS-PHOR'I€, a. Pertaining to or obtained from phos- 
phorus. — Phosphoric acid, an acid formed by combining 
phosphoruswith oxygen to saturation. 

PHOS'PHOR-lTE, n. A variety of apatite.— Dana. 

PHOS-PHOR-ITTC, a. Pertaining to or like phosphorite. 

PHOS'PHOR-OUS, a. The phosphorous acid is formed by a 
combination of phosphorus with oxygen, in the propor- 
tion of two equivalents of phosphorus to three of oxygen. 

PHOS'PHOR-US, I n, [L.] L The morning star.— 2. Phos- 

PHOS'PHOR, J phorus, in chemistry, a combustible 
substance, hitherto undecomposed. It is of a yellowish 
color, and semi-transparent, resembling fine wax. It burns 
in common air with great rapidity. — Olmsted. 

PHOS'PHU-RET, n. A combination of phosphorus with a 
base. — Hooper. 

PHOSTHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with phosphorus. 

PHo'TI-ZlTE, n. A mineral, an oxyd of manganese. 

PHO-TO-GEN'IC, a. [Gr. 0wj, (puros, light, and yevvaw, to 
generate.] Producing light. Applied to the drawing or 
taking of a picture by means of the action of the sun's 
rays on a chemically prepared ground. 

PHO-TOG'EN-Y, n. The art of taking pictures by the action 
of light on a chemically prepared ground. 

PHo'TO-GRAPH, n. A picture obtained by photography. 

fgaTOSRipi'lC^ALj - Pertaining*) photography. 

PHO-TOG'RA-PHIST, n. One who practices photography. 

PHO-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. 0w?, <puros, light, and ypa<pu), to 
describe.] The art or practice of fixing images of the cam- 
era obscura on plates of copper, covered with a thin coat- 
ing of silver. — Daguerre. See Heliography. 

PHO-TO-LOG'IC, \a. Pertaining to photology, or the 

PHO-TO-LOg'IC-AL, $ doctrine of fight. 

PHO-TOL'O-GY, ti. [Gr. <pws and Aoyo?.] The doctrine or 
science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena. 

PHO-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. 0wj and perpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the relative intensities of light. — Rumford. 

PHO-TO-MET'RI€, \a. Pertaining to or made by a 

PHO-TO-METRIC-AL, 5 photometer. 

PHO-TOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. <pus and iisrpov.] The science 
which treats of the measurement of light. — Brande. 

PHO-TO-PHo'BI-A, n. [Gr. 0ws and 0ofcw.] An intolerance 
or dread of light ; a symptom of internal ophthalmia. — 
Brande. 

PHO-TOP'SY, n. [Gr. fus and o^n.] An affection of the 
eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, ignited 
lines, coruscations, &c. 

PHRASE, n. [Gr. <ppacis.] L A short sentence or expres- 
sion. 2. A particular mode of speech ; a peculiar sen- 
tence or short idiomatic expression. 3. Style ; expres- 
sion. Shak. — 4. In music, any regular symmetrical course 
of notes which begin and complete the intended expres- 
sion. 

PHRaSE, v. t. To call ; to style ; to express in words or 
in peculiar words. — Shak. 

PHRaSE, v. i. To employ peculiar expressions. 

PHRaSE'-BOOK, n. A book in which difficult phrases are 

explained. 
PHRaSE D, pp. Styled ; expressed in peculiar words. 

PHRaSE'LESS, a. Not to be expressed or described. 

PHRa-SE-O-LOg'IC, > a. Peculiar in expression ; con- 
PHRI-SE-O-LOG'IC-AL, 5 sisting of a peculiar form of 

words. 
PHRa-SE-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 0pafft? and \syu>.] 1. Manner 
of expressing a thought ; peculiar words used in a sen- 
tence. 2. A collection of phrases in a language. Encyc. — 
Syn. Diction ; expression ; style ; language. 
PHRE-NETIC, a. [Gr. Qptvsnicos.] Subject to strong or 
violent sallies of imagination or excitement ; wild and er- 
ratic ; partially mad. [It has been sometimes written 
phrentic, but is now generally written frantic] 



PHRE-NETIC, n. A person who is wild ani erratic u 
his imagination.— Woodward. 
PHRE-NETIC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of phreusy oi 

delirium. 
PHRENIC, a. [from Gr. cppevts.] Belonging to the dia 

phragm. 
PHRE-Nl'TIS, n. [Gr. (ppsviris.] 1. In medicine, an inflaro 
mation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, at 
tended with acute fever and delirium. 2. Delirium 
phrensy. [It is generally written, in English, phrensy, oi 
frenzy.) 
PHRE-NO-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to phrenology. 
PHRE-NO-LOgTG-AL-LY, adv. In a phrenological maEner 

PHRE-NOL'O-GlST, n. One versed in phrenology. 

PHRE-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. <pp n v and Xoyos.) L The science 
of the human mind as connected with the supposed organs 
of thought and passion in the brain, and the form of th( 
skull: craniology. 

PHRE-NO-MAG'NET-ISM, n. [Gr. (ppr/v, and magnetism.^ 
An excitement of the brain by animal magnetism. 

PHREN'SY, n. Madness ; delirium, or that partial madness 
which manifests itself in wild and erratic sallies of the im 
agination. [It is written, also, frenzy.] 

t PHRON'TIS-TER-Y, n. [Gr. (ppovnur^piov.] A school oi 
seminary of learning. 

PHRYG'I-AN (frij'e-an), a. [from Phrygia.) Pertaining ta 
Phrygia ; an epithet applied to a sprightly, animating kind 
of music. — Phrygian stone, a porous stone anciently used 
in dyeing. 

PHTHISIC (tiz'zik), n. A popular but erroneous name for 
any difficulty of breathing, especially chronic dyspnaza, 
from the mistaken notion that these affections are much 
the same as phthisis. [Little used among physicians.] 

PHTHIS'IC-AL (tiz'ze-kal), a. [Gr. QOivikos.) Having or 
belonging to the phthisic ; breathing hard. 

PHTHIS'ICK-Y, a. Having or pertaining to the phthisic. 

PHTHl'SIS (thi'sis), n. [Gr. <pdtois-] A disease of some 
part of the pulmonary apparatus, marked by cough, grad- 
ual progressive emaciation and exhaustion, hectic, and 
usually copious expectoration. 

PHY-CO-MI'TER n. [Gr. <t> VK os and prjTvp.) The gelatin 
in which the sporules of algaceous plants first vegetate. 

PHY-LAC'TER, n. See Phylactery. 

PHy-LACTERED, a. Wearing a phylactery ; dressed like 
the Pharisees. — Green. 

PHY-LAC'TER-IC, \a. Pertaining to phylacteries.— 

PHY-LAC-TER'IC-AL, 5 Addison. 

PHY-LAC'TER-Y, n. [Gr. <pv\aKTr,piov.) 1. In a general 
sense, any charm, spell, or amulet worn as a preservative 
from danger or disease. — 2. Among the Jews, a slip ot 
parchment on which was written some text of Scripture, 
particularly of the decalogue, worn by devout persons on 
the forehead, breast, or neck, as a mark of their religion. 
— 3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which they 
inclosed the relics of the dead. 

PHY'LARCH, ii. [Gr. QvXn, tribe, and apxri, rule.] The 
chief or governor of a tribe or clan. — Robinson. 

PHY'L ARCH-Y, n. Government of a tribe or clan. 

PHYL'LlTE, n. [Gr. 0vAXov and Ai0o?.J A petrified leaf, or 
a mineral having the figure of a leaf. 

PHYL-Lo'DI-UM, n. [Gr. 0i>AAov.] In botany, a petiole 
without a lamina, but so much developed in some way as 
to perform the functions of a perfect leaf. — Lindley. 

PHYL-LOPH'O-ROUS, a. [Gr. QvWov and <p t pio.] Leaf- 
bearing ; producing leaves. 

PHYL'LO-POD, n. [Gr. (pvWov and ttovs.] A term applied 
to a tribe of crustaceans, having feet of a flattened, leaf-like 
form. 

PHYSA-LlTE, n. [Gr. <pvoaa and Xi&os.] A mineral of a 
greenish-white color, a sub-species of prismatic topaz ; 
called, also, pyrophysalite. 

PHYS'E-TER. See Cachalot. 

PHYS-I-AN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. $vats and avdpoj-nos.] The 
philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitu- 
tion and diseases of man, and the remedies. 

PHYS'IC (fiz'ik), n. [Gr. QvoiKn.) 1. The art of healing dis- 
eases. 2. Medicines ; remedies for diseases. — 3. In popu- 
lar language, a medicine that purges ; a purge ; a cathartic. 

PHYS'IC, v. t. 1. To treat with physic ; to evacuate the 
bowels with a cathartic ; to purge. 2. To cure. 

PHYS'IC- AL, a. 1. Pertaining to nature or natural produc- 
tions, or to material things, as opposed to things moral or 
imaginary. 2. Pertaining to the material part or structure 
of an organized being, particularly man ; as, physical 
strength. 3. External ; perceptible to the senses. 4. Re- 
lating to the art of healing. 5. Having the property of 
evacuating the bowels ; [rare.] 6. Medicinal; promoting 
the cure of diseases ; [rare.] 7. ResembliDg physic; [rare.] 
—Physical education, the training of the body with a view 
to give it health and vigor. 

PHYS'IC-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to nature ; by natural 
power, or the operation of natural laws. 2. According to 
the art or rules of medicine ; [obs.] 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—K, e, 1, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BQQK, 



P1A 



74] 



PIC 



PHY-SI"CIAN (ie-zish'an), n. 1. A person skilled in the art 
of healing ; one whose profession is to prescribe remedies 
for diseases. — 2. In a spiritual sense, one who heals moral 
diseases. 

PHYS'I-€0-LOG'I€, n. Logic illustrated by natural philos- 
ophy. 

PHYS-I-€0-LOG'I€-AL, a, Pertaining to physico-logic. 
\ Little usedA 

PHYS'I-€0-THE-OL'0-6Y, n. Theology or divinity illus- 
trated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy. 

PHYSICS, n. 1. In its most extensive sense, the science of 
nature, or of natural objects. — 2. In the usual and more 
limited sense, the science of the material system, including 
natural history and philosophy. 

PHYS-I-OG'NO-MER. See Physiognomist. 

PHYS-I-OG-NOM'IC, > D . . . . . . 

PHYS-I-OG-NOM'IC-AL, \ a ' Pertamm g to physiognomy. 

PHYS-I-OG-NOM'ICS. n. pi. Among physicians, signs in the 
countenance which indicate the state, temperament, or 
constitution of the body and mind. 

PHYS-I-OG'NO-MIST, n. One who is skilled in physiog- 
nomy. — Dryden. 

PHYS-I-OGTCO-MY, n. [Gr. tpvotoYvuitovia.] 1. The art or 
science of discerning the character of the mind from the 
features of the face. — Lavater. 2. The face or counte- 
nance with respect to the temper of the mind ; particular 
configuration, cast, or expression of countenance. 

PHYS-I-O-GRAPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to physiography. 

PHYS-I-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. (pvais and ypa<pw.] A" descrip- 
tion of nature, or the science of natural objects. 

PHYS-I-OL'O-GER, n. A physiologist. [Little used.] 

PHYS-I-O-LOg'IC, > D . . . . . . . 

PHYS-I-O-LOG'IC-AL, \ a ' Pertaining to physiology. 

PHYS-I-O-LOG'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to the principles 
of physiology. — Lawrence's Lect. 

PHYS-I-OL'O-GIST, n. 1. One who is versed in the science 
of living beings, or in the properties and functions of ani- 
mals and plants. 2. One who treats of physiology. 

PHYS-I-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. <p v <no\oyia.) 1. The science of 
the functions of all the different parts or organs of animals 
and plants, or, in other words, of the offices which they 
perform in the economy of the individual. 2. The science 
of the mind. — Brown. 

t PHYS'NO-MY, for physiognomy. — Spenssr. 

PHYS'O-GRADE, n. [Gr. <j>vaiS, and L. gradior.] A name 
given to a tribe of acalepha, which swim by means of air- 
bladders. 

rPHlS'Y, for fusee.— Locke. 

PHY-TIV'O-ROUS, a. [Gr. <pvrov, and L. voro.] Feeding on 
plants or herbage. — Ray. 

PHy-TO€H'I-MY, n. The chemistry of plants. 

PHY-TOG'E-NY, n. The doctrine of the generation of plants. 

PHy-TO-GRAPHTC-AL, a. Pertaining" to the description 
of plants. 

PHY-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. fvrov and ypafa.] 1. The sci- 
ence of describing plants in a systematic manner. 2. A 
description of plants. 

PHy'TO-LiTE, n. [Gr. 4>vrov and Atflof.] A plant petrified, 
or fossil vegetable. 

PHyTO-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to phytology ; botanic- 
al. — Lyell. 

PHy-TOL'O-gIST, n. One versed in plants, or skilled in 
phytology ; a botanist. 

PHY-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Qvtov and Aoyo?.] A discourse or 
treatise on plants, or the description of plants ; botany. 

PHY-TON'O-MY, n. The science of the origin and growth 
of plants. 

PHY-TOPHA-GOUS, a. [Gr. Qvtov, a plant, and 0«y w , to 
eat.] Eating or subsisting on plants. 

PHY-TO-Zo'ON, n., > [Gr. 6vtov, a plant, and ^ov, an ani- 

PHY-TO-Zo'A, n. pi. 3 mal.J Terms applied to zoophytes ; 
also to certain minute animalcules living in the tissues of 
plants.— Dana. 

Pi, 7i. A term applied by printers to types when confused- 
ly mixed or unsorted. 

PI-I'BA, n. A small fresh-water fish of Brazil. 

t PlA-CLE, 7i. [L. piaculum.] An enormous crime. 

Pl-AC'U-LAR, ) a. [L. piacularis.) 1. Expiatory ; having 

Pl-AC'U-LOUS, 3 power to atone. 2. Requiring expiation. 
3. Criminal : atrociously bad. [Rare words.] 

Pi' A Ma'TER. [L.] In anatomy, a thin membrane imme- 
diately investing the brain. — Coxe. 

Pl'A-NET, 71. [L. pica or picus.] 1. The magpie. 2. The 
lesser woodpecker. — Bailey ; [obs.] 

Pl-A-NIS'SI-MO. In music, very soft. 

Pi-A'NIST, n. A performer on the piano-forte. 

Pi'-A'NO. In music, soft. 

PI- A NO-FoRTE, 7i. [It. piano and forte.] A keyed music- 
al instrument, of German origin, and of the harpsichord 
kind ; so called from its softer notes or expressions. Of 
all the keyed instruments, it seems to deserve the prefer- 
ence, on account of its superior tone, sweetness, and va- 
riety. 



'! 



n. A high collar, or a kind of ruff. — Wil- 
son. 



PI-AS'TER, 7i. [It. piastra.] An Italian coin, of about 80 
cents value, or 3s. ? d. sterling. The Spanish piaster is the 
same as the Spanish or American dollar. The Turkish 
piaster, formerly worth 25 cents, is now worth only about 
8_ cents. 

t PI-aTION, n. [L. piatio.] Expiation ; the act of atoning 
or purging by sacrifice. 

PI-AZ'ZA, n. [It, for piazza; Sp. plaza.] 1. A portico or 
covered walk supported by arches or columns. — 2. In 
Italian, it denotes a square, open space, surrounded by 
buildings. — Gicilt. 

PIB'-CORN, n. [W., pipe-horn.] Among the Welsh, a wind 
instrument or pipe with a horn at each end. 

Pl'BRO€H, 7i. [Gael, piobaireachd.] A wild, irregular spe- 
cies of music, peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland. It is 
performed on a bagpipe. 

Pl'GA, n. 1. In ornithology, the pie or magpie. — 2. In medi- 
cine, a vitiated appetite. 3. A printing-type of two sizes, 
small and large pica, the former of which is next in size 
above long-primer. — 4. Pica, pye, or pic, formerly an ordi- 
nary, a table or directory for devotional services ; also, an 
alphabetical catalogue of names and things in rolls and 
records. 

Pl'€A MA-Rl'NA, n. The sea-pye, or oy6ter-catcher ; a 
grallatory aquatic fowl, living on oysters, &.c. 

PI€'A-MaR, n. [L. pix and amara.] The bitter principle of 
pitch, an oil-like, transparent fluid. 

PIG-A-ROON', 7i. [Fr. picoreur.] A plunderer; a pirate. 

PI€-A-YuNE', n. A small coin, of the value of Q>\ cents. 

PIC'CA-DIL 

PIC'CA-DIL-LY 

PI€K'AR-DIL, 

PIC'CAgE, 71. [Norm, pecker.] Money paid at fairs for 
breaking ground for booths. 

PI€K, v. t. [Sax. pycan ; D. pikken ; Ger. picken ; Dan. pik- 
ker ; Sw. picka.] 1 . To pull off or pluck with the fingers 
something that grows or adheres to another thing ; to sep- 
arate by the hand, as flowers or fruit. 2. To pull off oi 
separate with the teeth, beak, or claws. 3. To clean by 
the teeth, fingers, or claws, or by a small instrument, by 
separating something that adheres. 4. To take up ; to 
cause or seek industriously, as a quarrel. 5. To separate 
or pull asunder ; to pull into small parcels by the fingers ; 
to separate locks for loosening and cleaning, as wool. 6. 
To pierce ; to strike with a pointed instrument. — Bacon. 

7. To strike with the bill or beak ; to puncture ; [see Peck.] 

8. To steal by taking out with the fingers or hands ; as, to 
pick one's pocket. 9. To open by a pointed instrument, 
as a lock. 10. To select ; to cull ; to choose ; to separate 
particular things from others. 11. To pitch or cast. — Shak. ; 
[obs.] — To pick cut, to select. — To pick tip, to take up ; to 
gather; to glean. — To pick a hole in one's coat, to find 
fault 

PI€K, v. i. 1. To eat slowly or by morsels ; to nibble. 2. 
To do any thing nicely, or by attending to small things. 

PICK, n. [Fr. pique; D. pik.] 1. A sharp-pointed tool for 
digging or removing in small quantities. 2. Choice ; right 
of selection. — 3. Among printers, foul matter which collects 
on printing-types. 

PICK'A-PACK. adv. In the manner of a pack. [Vulgar.] 

PICK'AX, n. [pick and ax.] An ax with a sharp point at 
one end and a broad blade at the other. — Milton. 

PICK'BACK, a. On the back.— Hudihras. 

PICKED (pikt), pp. or a. Plucked off by the fingers, teeth. 
or claws ; cleaned by picking ; opened by an instrument ; 
selected. 

PICK'ED, \ a. 1. Pointed ; sharp. — Mortimer. 2. In old axir 

PIK'ED, 3 thors, sprucely or foppishly dressed ; [obs.] 

PICK'ED-NESS, n. 1. State of being pointed at the end ; 
sharpness. 2. Foppery ; spruceness. 

PICK-EER', v. t. [Fr. picorer.] 1. To pillage ; to pirate. 2. 
To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts of an army, or in 
pillaffina: parties. 

PI€K'ER~ n. 1. One who picks or culls. 2. A pickax or 
instrument for picking or separating. — Mortimer. 3. One 
who excites a quarrel between himself and another. 

PI€K'ER-EL, 7i. [from pike.] A name somewhat loosely 
applied to several species of fresh-water fish belonging to 
the pike family. 

PI€K'ER-EL-WEED, n. A water plant ; so called because 
it was supposed to generate pickerel. — Ash. 

PI€K'ER-Y, n. Petty theft— Walter Scott. 

PICK'ET, n. [Fr. piquet.] 1. A stake sharpened or pointed. 
2. A narrow board pointed, used in making fence. 3. A 
guard posted in front of an army, to give notice of the ap- 
proach of the enemy. — Marshall. 4. A game at cards ; 
[see Piquet.] 5. A punishment which consists in making 
the offender stand with one foot on a pointed stake. 

PICK'ET, v. t. 1. To fortify with pointed stakes. 2. To 
inclose or fence with narrow, pointed boards. 3. To fas- 
ten to a picket or stake stuck in the ground, as a horse. 
— Moore. 4. To torture by compelling to stand with cne 
foot on a pointed stake. 



DrtVE ;— B1JI U UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this l Obsolete. 



PLD 



742 



PIE 



<»1CK.'ET-GUaRD, n. In an army, a guard of horse and 
foot always in readiness in case of alarm. 

PICK'ET-ED, pp. Fortified or inclosed with pickets. 

PICK'ET-ING, n. A kind of torture by forcing a person to 
stand with one foot on a pointed stake. 

PICK'ET-ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with pickets. 

PI€K'ING, ppr. Pulling off with the fingers or teeth ; se- 
lecting. 

PICKING, n. The act of plucking; selection; gathering; 
gleaning. 

PICK'LE (pikl), n. [D. pekel] 1. Brine ; a solution of salt 
and water, or simply vinegar, sometimes impregnated 
with spices, in which flesh, tish, or other substance is pre- 
served. 2. A vegetable or fruit preserved in pickle. 3. A 
state or condition of difficulty or disorder ; [in contempt 
and ridicule.] 4. A parcel of land inclosed with a hedge ; 
[local.] 

PICK'LE, v. t. 1. To preserve in brine or pickle. 2. To 
season in pickle. 3. To imbue highly with any thing bad. 

PI€K'LE-H£R'ltING, n. A merry-andrew ; a zany ; a buf- 
foon. — Spectator. 

PI€K'L.E D, pp. or a. Preserved in brine or pickle. 

PI€K'LING, ppr. Seasoning in pickle. 

PI€K'LING, n. The preservation of vegetables or meats in 
vinegar or brine. — Gardner. 

PICK'LOCK, n. 1. An instrument for opening locks with- 
out the key. — Arbuthnot. 2. A person who picks locks. 

PICKWICK. See Picnic. 

PI€K'PO€K-ET, n. One who steals from the pocket of an- 
other. — Arbuthnot. 

PICK'PURSE, n. One who steals from the purse of an- 
other. — Swift. 

PI€K'THANK, n. An officious fellow, who does what he 
is not desired to do, for the sake of gaining favor; a whis- 
pering parasite. — South. 

PICK'TOOTH, n. An instrument for picking or cleaning 
the teeth. See Toothpick. 

PICNIC, n. Originally, an entertainment at which each 

■, person contributed some dish or article for the general 
table. The term is now applied to an entertainment car- 
ried with them by a party on an excursion of pleasure 
into the country, and, also, to the party itself. 

Pi'CO, n. [Sp.] Apeak; the pointed head of a mountain. 

Pl'CRA, n. A cathartic composed of aloes and canella. 

PICRO-LlTE, n. [qu. Gr. micpos and XidoS-] A fibrous 
variety of serpentine. 

PICRO-MEL, n. [Gr. iriKpo;.] The characteristic principle 
of bile. — lire. 

PIC-ROS'MiNE, n. [Gr. irtKpos and oofin-] An order of min- 
erals, which, when moistened, have an argillaceous smell. 
Also, a greenish, magnesian mineral, characterized by this 
order. 

PI€-RO-TOX'IN, n. [ixiKpos, and L. toxicum.] A white 
crystalline substance, intensely bitter, and one of the active 
principles of cocculus indicus. 

PI€T. n. [L. pictus.] A person whose body is painted. 

PI€-To'RI-AL, a. [L. pictor.] Pertaining to pictures ; illus- 
trated by pictures ; forming pictures ; as, a pictorial im- 
agination. 

PI€-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. By pictures. 

PICTS, n. pi. A tribe of Scythians or Germans who settled 
in Scotland. 

f pi-6'TUR-AL, TO . A representation. — Spenser. 

PI€'TURE (pikfyur), n. [L. pictura.] 1. A painting or 
drawing exhibiting the resemblance of any thing ; a like- 
ness drawn in colors. 2. The works of painters ; paint- 
ing. — Wotton. 3. Any resemblance, image, or representa- 
tion, either to the eye or to the understanding. 

PICTURE, v. t. 1. To paint a resemblance.— South. 2. To 
represent ; to form or present an ideal likeness. 

PICTURE-FRaME, n. A frame, more or less ornamented, 
which surrounds a picture, and sets it off to advantage. 

PICTEJRE-GAL'LER-Y. n. A gallery or large apartment 
in which pictures are hung up for exhibition. 

PICTURE-LlKE, a. After the manner of a picture.— Shah. 

PIC'TURJSD, pp. or a. Painted in resemblance ; drawn in 
colors ; represented. 

PIC-TUR-ESQUE' (pikt-yur-esk'), a. [Fr. pittoresque ; It. pit- 
toresco ] Expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which 
is agreeable in a picture, nutural or artificial ; striking the 
mind with great power or pleasure in representing ob- 
jects of vision, and in painting, to the imagination any cir- 
cumstance or event as clearly as if delineated in a picture. 
— Gray. 

PIC-TUR-ESQUE'LY (pikt-yur-eskle), adv. In a pictur- 
esque manner. — Montgomery. 

PIC-TCR-ESQ.UE'NESS, n . The state of being picturesque. 
— Price. 

PIC'UL, n. In China, a weight of 133£ pounds. It is divid- 
ed into 100 catties, or 1600 taels. The Chinese call it tan. 
— Malcom. 

PIDDLE, v. i. [This is a different spelling of peddle.] 1. To 
_deal in trifles ; to spend time on trifling objects ; to attend 



to trivial concerns, or the small parts, rather than to the 
main. 2. To pick at table ; to eat or drink squeamishly or 
without relish. [This word is now scarcely used, except 
as a child's word, in the sense, to make water.— Smart.] 

PID'DLER, n. 1. One who busies himself about little 
things. 2. One who eats squeamishly or without appetite. 

PlE, n. [It. pighe.] An article ol food, consisting of paste 
baked with something in it or under it, as apple, minced- 
meat, &c. 

PIE, n. [L. pica.] 1. The mag-pie, a party-colored bird, of 
the crow family. It is sometimes written pye. 2. The 
old Roman Catholic service-book. 3. Printers' types 
mixed or unsorted. — Cock and pie, an adjuration by the 
pie or service-book, and by the sacred name of the Deity 
corrupted. — Shak. 

PlE'-PLANT, In. The garden rhubarb, used as a sub- 

PiE'-RHu'BaRB, 3 stitute for apples in making pies. 

PlE'BALD, a. [Sp. pio.] Of various colors ; diversified in 
color ; as, a piebald horse. — Pope. 

PIECE (peese), n. [Fr. piece.] 1. A fragment or part of any 
thing separated from the whole, in any manner by cut- 
ting, splitting, brealdng, or tearing. 2. A part of any thing, 
though not separated, or separated only in idea ; not the 
whole; a portion. 3. A distinct part or quantity. 4. A 
separate part ; a thing or portion distinct from others of 
a like kind. 5. A composition, essay, or writing of no 
great length. 6. A separate performance ; a distinct por- 
tion of labor. 7. A picture or painting. 8. A coin. 9. A 
gun or single part of ordnance. — 10. In heraldry, an ordi- 
nary or charge. — 11. In ridicule or contempt, a piece of a 
lawyer is a smatterer. 12. A castle ; a building. — Spenser ; 
[obs.] — A-piece, to each; as, he paid the men a dollar a~ 
piece. — Of apiece, like ; of the same sort, as if taken from 
the same whole. Dry den. — Piece of eight, a piastei, 
which see. 

PIECE, v. t. To enlarge or mend by the addition of a 
piece; to patch. Shak. — To piece out, to extend or en- 
large by addition of a piece or pieces. — Temple. 

PIECE, v. i. To unite by coalescence of parts ; to be com- 
pacted, as parts into a whole. 

PIeCE'-WoRK (pees'-wurk), n. Work done by the piece 
or job. 

PIECED (peest), pp. or a. Mended or enlarged by a piecu 
or pieces. 

PIeCE'LESS, a. Not made of pieces ; consisting of an en- 
tire thing. — Donne. 

PIeCE'MeAL, adv. [piece, and Sax. mel. Qu.] 1. In pieces; 
in fragments. 2. By pieces ; by little and little in success 
sion. 

PIeCE'MeAL, a. Single ; separate ; made of parts or 
pieces.— South. 

PIeCE'MeAL£D, a. Divided into small pieces. 

PIeC'ER, n. One who pieces ; a patcher. 

PIeCTNG, ppr. Enlarging; patching. 

PlED, a. Variegated with spots of different colors, espe 
cially with large spots of different colors ; spotted. 

PlED'NESS, n. Diversity of colors in spots. — Shak. 

PIE DROIT (pee drwa), n. [Fr.] In architecture, a pier or 
square pillar, without base or capital, partly hid within a 
wall. — Brande. 

PIeLED, a. Bald; bare. See Peel. 

PlE'POU-DRE, )n. [Fr. pied and poudreux.] An ancient 

PlE'POW-DER, 5 court of record in England, incident to 
every fair and market, for the decision of matters arising 
therein. 

PIeR (peer), n. [Sax. per, pere.] 1. A mass of solid stone- 
work for supporting an arch or the timbers of a bridge or 
other building. 2. A mass of stone- work or a mole pro- 
jecting into the sea, for breaking the force of the waves 
and making a safe harbor. 3. A projecting wharf or land- 
ing-place. 4. A mass of solid work between the windowa 
of a room or door3 of a building. 

PIeR'-GLaSS, n. A glass which hangs against a pier, be- 
tween windows. 

PIeR'-Ta-BLE, n. A name given to the table placed against 
the piers between the windows. 

PIERA6E, n. Toll for using a marine pier. — Smart. 

* PIeRCE (pers), v. t. [Fr. percer.] 1. To thrust into with a 

pointed instrument ; to perforate. 2. To penetrate ; to 
enter; to force a way into. 3. To penetrate the hear* 
deeply ; to touch the passions ; to excite or affect the pas- 
sions. — 1 Tim., vi. 4. To dive or penetrate into, as a se 
cret or purpose. 

* PIeRCE (pers), v. i. 1. To enter, as a pointed instrument, 

2. To penetrate ; to force a way into or through any thing, 

3. To enter ; to dive or penetrate, as into a secret. 4. To 
affect deeply. 

* PIeRCE'A-BLE (pers'a-bl), a. That may be pierced. 

* PIERCE D (peerst), pp. or a. Perforated ; penetrated , 
entered by force ; transfixed. 

* PIERCER (pers'er), n. 1. An instrument that pierces, 
penetrates, or bores. 2. One who pierces or perforates. 

* PIERCING (pers'ing), ppr . 1. Penetrating; perforat ing; 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD;— MOVE, BQQK, 



PIK 



743 



PII. 



entering, as a pointed instrument ; making a way by force 
into another body. 2. Affecting deeply. 3. a. Affecting ; 
cutting: keen. 

* PIERCING, n. The act of penetrating with force. 

* PIERCINGLY (peers'ing-ly), adv. With penetrating force 
oretfect ; sharply. 

* PIeRCING-NESS (peers'ing-nes). n. The power of pierc- 
Jng or penetrating ; sharpness ; keenness. — Dcrkam. 

Pl-E'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Muses ; as, the Pierian 
spring.— Pope. 

PI'OT I n ' [f rom P* e -] -^ magpie. 

Pl'E-TISM, n. The fervent religion of the German Pietists. 

Pl'E-TIST, n. An appellation given to certain German re- 
formers who attempted to revive piety in the Lutheran 
churches near the close of the seventeenth century, and 
who established the Orphan House at Halle. They were 
greatly opposed, and the name of Pietist became in Ger- 
many nearly equivalent to that of Methodist in England. — 
Murdoch. 

Pl-E-TISTT€, a. Belonging to or like Pietists. 

Pl'E-TY, n. [L. pietas ; Fr. picte.] 1. Tiety, in principle, is 
a compound of veneration or reverence of the Supreme 
Being and love of his character, or veneration accompa- 
nied with love ; and piety, in practice, is the exercise of 
these affections in obedience to his will and devotion to 
his service. 2. Reverence of parents or friends, accom- 
panied with affection and devotion to their honor and 
happiness. 

Pl-E-ZOM'E-TER. n. [(Jr. irie<w and nzrpov.] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the compressibility of water. 

PIG, n. [D. big.] 1. The young of swine. 2. An oblong 
mass of unforged iron, lead, or "other metal. — A pig of lead 
weighs about 250 pounds. 

PIG, v. t. or i. 1. To bring forth pigs. 2. To lie together 
like pigs. — Burke. 

PIG'-LyjED (-ide), a. Having small eyes sunk deep in the 
head. 

PIG'-He AD-ED, a. Having a large head; stupid. 

PIG'-I-RON. n. Iron in pigs, or as first extracted from the ore. 

PIG'-LeAD (-led), n. Lead in pigs, or as first extracted 
from the ore. 

PIG'-NUT, n. [pig and nut.] The ground-nut; also, a tree 
and itsjruit of the genus enrya, a species of hickory. 

PIG'-STY. it. A sty or pen for pigs. 

PlG'EON (pij'un), n. [Fr.] A well-known bird of the genus 
columba, of several species, including doves and the Amer- 
ican wild pigeon. — To pigeon is a cant word for to fleece 
or to strip of money by the arts of gambling. — Smart. 

£Id'EON-FOOT, n. A ylimt.—Ainsworth. 

PIg'EON-HEaRT-ED, a. Timid ; easily frightened.— Beau- 
mont and Fletcher. 

PlG'EON-HoLE, n. 1. A hole for pigeons to enter their 
dwelling. Hence, 2. A little opening or division in a case 
for papers. 

PlG'EON-HOLES, n. pi. An old English game, in which 
balls were rolled through little cavities or arches. 

PlG'EON-LIV-ERED, a.~ Mild in temper; soft; gentle. 

PIo'EON-PeA, n. A plant and its seed, a kind of pulse used 
for food in the East and West Indies. 

PIG'GER-Y, n. An inclosure containing a collection of sties 
for swine. — Quart. Rev. 

PIG'GIN, n. [Scot a milking-pail.] A small wooden vessel 
with an erect handle, used as a dipper. 

fPlGHT (pite), pp. [Scot, pight or picht ; from pitch.] 
Pitched ; fixed ; determined. — Shak. 

fPlGHT, v.t. [W.pigaw.] To pierce.— Wickliffe. 

PlGHTEL, n. A little inclosure. [Local.] 

* PIG-Me'AN, a. [See * Pygmean.] Very small ; like a pigmy. 
PIG'MENT, 72. [L. pigmentum ] Paint; a preparation used 

by painters, dyei-s, &c, to impart colors to bodies. 

PIG-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to pigments. — Pritchard. 

PIG'MY, n. [It, Sp., Port, pigmeo; L. pygmeeus.] A dwarf ; 
a person of very small stature. 

PIG'MY, a. Very small in size ; mean ; feeble ; inconsid- 
erable. 

PIG-NO-Ra'TION, n. [L. pignero.] The act of pledging or 
pawnincr. 

PIG'NO-RA-TlVE, a. Pledging ; pawning.— Diet. [Rare] 

PIGS'NEY, n. [Sax. piga, a little girl.] A word of endear- 
ment to a girl. — Hudibras. [Little used.] 

PIG'TaIL, n. 1. The tail of a pig. 2. A cue; the hair of 
the head tied in the form of a pig's tail. 2. A small roll of 
tobacco. 

PIG-WID'GEON (-wid'jun), n. [pig and widgeon.] A fairy ; 
a cant word for any thing very small. 

PIKE. it. [This word belongs to a numerous family of words 
expressing something pointed, or a sharp point, or, as verbs, 
to Sax. pile; Fr. pique, piquer.] 1. A military weapon 
consi^tin^ of a long wooden shalt or staff, with a flat steel 
head pointed; called the spear. 2. A fork used in hus- 
bandry. Tusscr. — 3. Among turners, the iron sprigs used 
to fasten any thing to be turned. — 4. In icJuhyology, a vo- 



racious fresh-water fish of the genus esox, highly esteemed 
for food. 

PIK.ED (pikt), a. Ending in a point; acuminated. 

PlKE'LET, in. A light cake ; a kind of muffin.— Scwardt 

PIKE'LIN, 5 Letters. 

PlKE'MAN, n. A soldier armed with a pike. — Knollcs. 

PlKE'STAFF, n. The staff or shaft of a pike.— Taller. 

PIK'RO-LlTE, n. A mineral. Sec Pickolite. 

PI-LAS'TER, n. [L. pilastro; Fr. pilastre.] A square col- 
umn, sometimes insulated, but usually set within a wall, 
and projecting only a fourth or fifth of its diameter. 

PI-LAS'TER£D, a. Furnished with pilasters. 

t PILCH, 7i. [It. pclliccia ; Fr. pelisse.] A furred gown or 
case : something lined with fur. — Shak. 

PIL'CHARD, 7i. [Ir. pilseir.] A fish resembling the herring, 
but smaller, thicker, and rounder. It is found chiefly on 
the coasts of Cornwall and Devon, England. 

PILCH'ER, 72. 1. Any thing lined with fur, as a gown. 2. 
A fish. — Milton. See Pilch a_rd. 

PILE, n. [Sp., It. pila ; Fr. pile.] 1. A heap ; a mass or col- 
lection of things in a roundish or elevated form. 2. A 
collection of combustibles for burning a dead body. 3. A 
large building or mass of buildings ; an edifice. 4. A heap 
of balls or shot laid in horizontal courses, rising into a 
pyramidical form. 

PILE. 72. [D. paal; Sw., Dan. pil] 1. A large stake or piece 
of timber, pointed and driven into the earth to support the 
foundations of an edifice or the piers of a bridge. 2. One 
side of a coin ; originally, a punch or puncheon used in 
stamping figures on coins, and containing the figures to be 
impressed. — 3. In heraldry, an ordinary in form of a pile 
or stake sharpened, with the point downward. 

PILE, n. [D. pyl ; Dan., Sw., pil ; L. pilum.] The head of 
an arrow. 

PILE, n. [L. pilus.] Properly, a hair ; the fibre of wool, 
cotton, and the like ; the nap ; the fine, hairy substance of 
the surface of cloth. 

PILE, v. t. 1. To lay or throw into a heap ; to collect many 
things into a mass. 2. To bring into an aggregate : to col- 
lect together. 3. To till with something heaped. 4. To 
fill above the brim or top. 5. To break off the awns of 
threshed barley; [local.] 6. To drive piles. — To sheet pile, 
is to drive a piling of planks edge to edge. Whence the 
name shectpiling. — Syn. To heap ; accumulate ; amass. 

PILE'-EN-^iNeT \ r - An ^S" 16 for drivi ng down piles. 

PILF/-W6RM, 72. A worm found in piles in Holland. 

PILE'-WoRT, 72. A plant whose tuberous roots have been 
used in poultices as a specific for the piles. 

PIL'E-ATE, t a. [L. pileus.] Having the form of a cap or 

PIL'E-a-TED, J cover for the head. 

PlL£D, pp. Heaped. 

t PlLE'MENT, 72. An accumulation.— Hall. 

PlL'ER 72. One who piles or forms a heap. 

PILES, 72. pi. The hemorrhoids, a disease consisting in tu- 
mors formed by the dilatation of the bloodvessels about 
the verge of the anus. They are called bleeding piles 
when there is a discharge of blood, and blind piles when 
there is none. — Forsyth. 

PIL'FER, v. i. [W. yspeiliata ; Sp. pellizcar.] To steal is 
small quantities ; to practice petty theft. 

PIL'FER, v. t. To steal or gain by petty theft ; to filch 

PIL'FERiD, pp. or a. Stolen in small parcels. 

PIL'FER-ER, ?2. One who pilfers.— Yo u ng. 

PlL'FER-ING, ppr. or a. Stealing ; practicing petty theft9. 

PIL'FER-ING, 72. Petty theft.— Shak. 

PIL'FER-ING-LY, adv. With petty theft; filchingly. 

PIL-GXR'LI-G, \n. One who has lost his hair by dis- 

PILLjSD-GaR'LIC, > ease; a poor, forsaken wretch.— 
Stevens. 

PIL'GRIM, n. [G. pilger; Fr. pelerin.] 1. A wanderer; a 
traveler ; one who travels to a distance from his own 
country to visit a holy place, or to pay his devotion to the 
remains of dead saints. — 2. In Scripture, one who has only 
a temporary residence on earth. — Hcb., xi. 

t PIL'GRIM, v. i. To wander or ramble.— Grew. 

PIL'GRIM-A6E, 72. 1. A long journey, particularly a journey 
to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to 
pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint — 2. In 
Scripture, the journey of human life.— Gra., xlvii. 3. Time 
irksomely jpent — Shak. 

\ PJL'GRIM-lZE, v. i. To wander about as a pilgrim. 

PI-LIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing hairs.— Loudon. 

PI-LlG'ER-OUS, a. [L. pilus and gcro.] Bearing hair; cov 
ered with hair. 

PILING, ppr. Heaping. 

PILL, 72. [L. pila, pilula.] 1. In pharmacy, a medicine in the 
form of a little ball, to be swallowed whole. 2. Any thing 
nauseous. — Young. 

PILL, v. t. [Fr. piller.] To rob ; to plunder ; to pillage, that 
is, to peel, to strip. 

PILL, v. i. 1. To be peeled ; to come off in flakes. — Dryden. 
2. To rob ; see Peel. 



D6VE ;- -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH- TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PIM 



744 



PIN 



PIL'LAGE, n. [Ft.] 1. Plunder ; spoil ; that which is taken 
from another by open force, particularly and chiefly, from 
enemies in war. 2. The act of plundering. — 3. In archi- 
tecture, a square pillar behind a column to bear up the 
arches. — Syn. Plunder ; rapine ; spoil ; depredation. 

PIL'LAgE, v. t. To strip of money or goods by open vio- 
lence ; to plunder ; to spoil. 

PIL'LAG.ED, pp. Plundered by open force. 

PIL'LA-gER, n. One who plunders by open violence. 

PIL'LA-GING, ppr. Plundering; stripping. 

PIL'LAR, n. [Fr. pilier ; Sp., Port, pilar.] 1. A kind of ir- 
egular column, round and insulated, but deviating from 
'the proportions of a just column. 2. A supporter ; that 
which sustains or upholds ; that on which some super- 
structure rests. 3. A monument raised to commemorate 
any person or remarkable transaction. 4. Something re- 
sembling a pillar. — Gen., xix. 5. Foundation ; support. 
Job, ix. — 6. In ships, a stanchion of wood or iron fixed 
perpendicularly under the middle of the beams for sup- 
porting the decks. — 7. In the manege, the center of the 
volta, ring, or manege-ground, around which a horse 
turns. 

PIL'LARED, a, 1. Supported by pillars.— Milton. 2. Hav- 
ing the foim of a pillar. — Thomson. 

PIL'LAR-IST, n. A term applied to certain of the early 
Christians who lived continually upon a pillar ; a stylite. — 
Coleman. 

PIL-LAU', n. Boiled rice and mutton fat, a Turkish dish. 

PILLED (pild), pp. Robbed; peeled. 

t PIL'LER, n. One who pills or plunders. — Chaucer. 

\ PIL'LER- Y, n. Plunder ; pillage ; rapine. — Huloet. 

PIL'LION (pil'yun), n. [Ir. pillin.] 1. A cushion for a wom- 
an to ride on behind a person on horseback. 2. A pad ; a 
pannel ; a low saddle. 3. The pad of a saddle that rests 
on the horse's back. 

PIL'LO-RI£D, a. Put in a pillory. 

PIL'LO-RY, n. [Ir. pilar i, pioloir ; Fr. pilori.] A frame of 
wood erected on posts, with movable boards and holes, 
through which are put the head and hands of a criminal 
for punishment. 

PIL'LO-RY, v. t. To punish with the pillory. 

PIL'LoW, n. [Sax. pile or pyle.] 1. A long cushion to sup- 
port the head of a person when reposing on a bed ; a sack 
or case filled with feathers, down, or other soft material. — 
2. In a ship, the block on which the inner end of a bow- 
sprit is supported. 

PIL'LoW, v. t. To rest or lay on for support. — Milton. 

PIL'LoW-BIeR, } n. The movable case or sack which is 

PIL'LOW-CaSE, 5 drawn over a pillow. 

PIL'LoW-ED, pp. or a. Supported by a pillow. 

PIL'LoW-ING, ppr. Resting or laying on a pillow. 

PIL'LoW- Y, a. Like a pillow. — Southey. 

Pl-LoSE', ) a. [L. pilosus.] 1. Hairy; having hairs; cover- 

Pl'LOUS, 5 ed with hair. 2. Consisting of hair. 

PI-LOS'I-TY. n. Hairiness.— Bacon. 

Pl'LOT, n. [Fr. pilote.] 1. One whose office or occupation 
is to steer ships, particularly along a coast, or into and 
out of a harbor, bay, or river, where navigation is danger- 
_ous. 2. A guide ; a director of one's course ; [colloquial] 

Pl'LOT, v. t. 1. To direct the course of a ship in any place 
where navigation is dangerous. — 2. Figuratively, to guide 
one through dangers or difficulties. 

Pl'LOT-FISH, n. A fish of the mackerel family, which fre- 
quently keeps company with vessels ; and as this is also 
done by sharks, it has been said that the former acts as a 
guide or pilot to the latter. 

Pl'LOT-AGE, n. 1. The compensation made or allowed to 
one who directs the course of a ship. 2. The pilot's skill. 
—■Raleigh; [obs.] 

Pl'LOT-ING, ppr. Steering, as a ship in dangerous navi- 
gation. 

Pl'LOT-ING, n. The act of steering a ship. 

! PI'LOT-RY?' } n - pilota S e ! skU1 in Piloting. 

Pl'LOUS, a. ' See Pilose. 

PIL'SER, n. The moth or fly that runs into a flame. 

PIM'E-LlTE, n. [Gr. iriiie'Xr) and XtOoS-] A green clay or 
earth, colored by the oxyd of nickel.— Dana. 

Pl'MENT, n. Wine with a mixture of spice or honey. 

PI-MEN'TO, £7i. [Sp. pimienta.] Jamaica pepper, popularly 

PI-MEN'TA, S called allspice. It comes chiefly from Ja- 
maica. 

PIMP, n. A man who provides gratifications for the lust of 
others ; a procurer ; a pander. — Addison. 

PIMP, v. i. To pander ; to procure lewd women for the 
. gratification of others. 

PIMP'-LlKE. a. Llk*> a pimp ; vile ; infamous ; mean. 

PIMTER-NEL, } n. [l,. pimpinella ; Fr. pimprenelle.] The 

PIM'PI-NEL, 5 name of several plants belonging to the 
genera anagallis, veronica, and lysimachia. — Lee. 

PIM'PIL-LO, n. A plant of the Indian fig family. 

PIM-PI-NEL'LA, n. A genus of plants, comprehending an- 
ise and burnet saxifrage. 



PIMPTNG, ppr. Pandering ; procuring lewd women for 
others. 

PIMPTNG, a. Little ; petty.— Skinner. 

PIM'PLE, »._ [Sax. pinpel.) A small acuminated elevation 
of the cuticle, not containing a fluid, nor tending to sup 
puration. 

PIMTL.ED, a. Having pimples on the skin ; full of pimples 

PIM'PLY, a. Pimpled ; having pimples. 

PIN, n. [W. pin.] 1. A small pointed instrument made ot 
brass wire and headed ; used chiefly by females for fast 
ening their clothes. 2. A piece of wood or metal sharp 
ened or pointed, used to fasten together boards, plank, oi 
other timber. 3. A thing of little value. 4. A linch-pin. 
5. The central part. — Shah. 6. A peg used in musical in 
struments in straining and relaxing the strings. 7. A note 
or strain ; [vulgar.] 8. A horny induration of the mem- 
branes of the eye. 9. A cylindrical roller made of wood.— 
Corbet. 10. A noxious humor in a hawk's foot. — 11. The 
pin of a block is the axis of the sheave. 

PIN, v. t. [W. piniaw.] 1. To fasten with a pin or with pins 
of any kind. 2. To fasten ; to make fast ; or to join and 
fasten together. 3. To inclose ; to confine. — Hooker. See 
Pen and Pound. 

PIN, n. In Chinese diplomacy, a petition or address of for- 
eigners to the emperor, or any of his viceroys or deputies. 
— Brande. 

PIN'-GaSE, n. A case for holding pins. 

PIN'-CUSH-ION (pin'-kush-un), n. A small case stuffed with 
some soft material, in which females stick pins for safety 
and preservation. 

PIN'-DUST, n. Small particles of metal made by pointing 
pins.— Digby. 

PIN'-FEATH-ER (-fefli-er), n. A small or short feather. 

PIN'-FEATH-ER£D, a. Having the feathers only beginning 
to shoot ; not fully fledged. — Dryden. 

PIN'-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make pins. 

PIN'-MoN-EY (-mun-ne), n. A sum of money allowed or 
settled on a wife for her private expenses. — Addison. 

PIN'A-FORE, n. An apron for the front part of the body. 

PI-NAS'TER n. [L.] The specific name of the cluster-pine 
of the south of Europe. See Pine. 

PIN'CERS, n. pi. An instrument for drawing nails from 
boards and the like, or for griping things to be held fast 
See Pinchers. 

PINCH, v. t. [Fr. pincer.] 1. To press hard or squeeze be- 
tween the ends of the fingers, the teeth, claws, or with an 
instrument, &c. 2. To squeeze or compress between any 
two hard bodies. 3. To squeeze the flesh till it is pained 
or livid. 4. To gripe ; to straiten ; to oppress with want 
5. To pain by constriction ; to distress ; as, the cold pinch- 
es one. 6. To press ; to straiten by difficulties. 7. To 
press hard ; to try thoroughly. 

PINCH, v. i. 1. To act with pressing force ; to bear hard ; 
to be puzzling, as an argument. 2. To spare ; to be strait 
ened ; to be covetous. 

PINCH, n. 1. A close compression with the ends of the 
fingers ; also, that which is caken between the ends of the 
fingers. 2. A gripe ; a pang. 3. Distress inflicted or suffer- 
ed ; pressure ; oppression. 4. Straits ; difficulty : time of 
distress from want. 

PINCH'-FIST > 

PINCH'-PEN-NY,r- Amis ^; a niggard. 

PINCHBECK, n. [said to be from the name of the inventor.] 
An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold in its appear' 
ance. The proportion of zinc is greater than in brass. 

PINCH'ER, n. He or that which pinches. 

PINCHERS, n. pi. An instrument for drawing nails from 
boards and the like, or for griping things to be held fast. 
[This spelling would be preferable to pincers, because it 
truly represents the common pronunciation of the word.] 

PINCHING, ppr. or a. Compressing with the ends of the 
fingers ; pressing ; causing pain by constriction, as cold or 
hunger. 

PINCHING, n. 1. The act of compressing with the fingers. 
— 2. In general, the act of squeezing or pressing. 

PINCH'ING-LY, adv. In a pinching way. 

PIN'DAR, n. The arachis hypogaa, or ground-nut ; a pea- 
nut. — Gardner. 

PIN-DAR'IC, a. After the style and manner of Pindar. 

PIN-DAR'IC, n. An ode in imitation of the odes of Pindai , 
_the Greek lyric poet; an irregular ode. — Addison. 

PlNE, n. [Fr. pin ; Sp., It. pino ; L. pinus.] 1. A cono-bear- 
ing evergreen tree of the genus pinus, of many species, 
valuable for its timber.— 2. In England, the term pines is 
often used for pine-apples. 

PINE, v. i. [Sax. pinan.] 1. To lose flesh or wear away 
under any distress or anxiety of mind ; to grow lean. 2. 
To waste away with longing for something.— Syn. To lan- 
guish ; droop ; flag ; wither ; decay. 

PINE, v. t. 1. To wear out ; to make to languish.— Dryden. 
2. To grieve for ; to bemoan in silence.— Milton. 

PINE, n. [Sax. pin ; D. pyn.] Woe ; want ; penury ; mis- 
ery. — Spenser. See Pain. 



Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ; PREY ;— MARINE, BiPD • 



-MOVE BOOK 



PIN 



745 



P1Q 



PJNE'-AP-PLE, n. A tropical plant and its fruit ; so called 
from the resemblance of ihe latter to the cone of the pine- 
_tr.ee. 

PlNE'-BAR'REN, n. A tract of barren land producing pine- 
trees. [ United States.] 

PlNE'-GLAD, \a. Clad or crowned with pine-trees. 

PlNE'-GROWNED, 5 —Hemans. 

PIN'E-AL, a. [Fr. pineale.] The pineal gland is a part of 
the brain, about the bigness of a pea ; so called from its 
shape, resembling a pine-apple. Some fanciful physiolo- 
gists have asserted that it is the seat of the soul. 

1 PlNE'FU L, a. Full of woe.— Hall. 

PlN'E-RY, n. A place where pine-apples are raised. 

Pl'NEY, n. The tallow-tree of India, which see. — Urc. 

PIN'FoLD, n. [W. pin or pen, and fold.] A place in which 
beasts are confined. We now call it a pound. 

f PIN"GLE (ping'gl), n. A small close. — Ainsworth. 

PING'STER, > m .,, ,,*,.. .., 

PINX'TER \ n ' L Dutcn -J Whitsuntide. 

I PIN"GUID, a. [L. pinguis.] Fat ; unctuous. 

PIN"GUID'IN-OUS, a. Containing fat. 

PIN"GUI-TUDE, n. Fatness ; a growing fat. 

PIN'HoLE, n. A small hole made by the puncture or per- 
foration of a pin ; a very small aperture. 

PIN'HoLD, n. A place at which a pin holds or makes fast. 
— Smart. 

PIN'ING, ppr. Languishing; wasting away. 

PlNTNG, n. A state of languishing or wasting away. 

PIN'ION (pin'yun), n. [Fr. pignon.] 1. The joint of a bird's 
wing, remotest from the body. 2. A feather ; a quill. — 
Shah. 3. A wing. 4. A smaller wheel with notches or 
teeth playing into the teeth of a larger wheel. — Hutton. 5. 
A term applied to fetters or bands for the arms. 

PIN'ION (pin'yun), v. t. 1. To bind or confine the wings. 2. 
To confine by binding the wings. 3. To cut off the first 
joint of the wing. 4. To bind or confine the arm or arms 
to the body. — 5. Figuratively, to confine ; to shackle ; to 
chain, as with rules. 6. To bind ; to fasten to. — Pope. 

PINIONED, pp. or a. 1. Confined by the wings ; shackled. 
2. a. Furnished with wings. — Dryden. 

PIN'ION-ING, ppr. Shackling ; confining the wings or arms. 

f PIN'ION-IST, v.. A winged animal ; a bird. — Brown. 

PIN'lTE, n. [from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] A soft mineral, 
consisting chiefly of silica and alumina; micarel. 

PINK, n. [W. pine] 1. An eye. or a small eye ; [but now 
disused, except in composition.] 2. A well-known orna- 
mental plant and flower. 3. A light-red color used by 
painters ; from the color of the flower. 4. Any thing su- 
premely excellent. 5. [Fr. pinque ; D. pink.] A ship with 
a very narrow stern. 6. A fish, the minnow. 

PINK, v. t. 1. To work in eyelet-holes ; to pierce with small 
holes. 2. To stab ; to pierce. — Addison. 

t PINK, v. i. [D. pinken.] To wink. — L' Estrange. 

PINK'-EYED (-ide), a. Having small eyes.— Holland. 

PINK'-NEE-DLE, n. A shepherd's bodkin.— Sherwood. 

PINK'-ROOT, n. The root of the herb called Indian pink or 
Carolina pink, spigelia Marilandica, used as a vermifuge. 

PINK'-STERNED, a. Having a very narrow stern, as a 
ship.— Mar. Diet. 

PINKED (pinkt), pp. Pierced with small holes ; stabbed. 

PIN'NACE, n. [Sp. pinaza; Fr. pinasse.] A small vessel 
navigated with oars and sails ; also, a boat usually rowed 
with eight oars. 

PIN'NA-CLE (pin'na-kl), n. [Fr. pinacle ; It. pinacolo.] 1. A 
slender turret, or a part of a building elevated above the 
main building. — Milton. 2. A high, spiring point ; sum- 
mit. — Cowley. 

PIN'NA-CLE, v. t. To build or furnish with pinnacles. 

PIN'NA-GLED, pp. Furnished with pinnacles. 

PIN'NA-CLING, pp. Furnishing with pinnacles. 

i PIN'NAgE, n. Poundage of cattle. &c Pound. 

PIN'NATE, )a. [L. pinnatus.] In botany, a pinnate leaf 

PIN'Na-TED, 3 is a species of compound leaf wherein a 
single petiole has several leaflets attached to each side 
of it. 

PIN-NAT'I-FID, a. [L. pinna and findo.] In botany, feather- 
cleft ; divided almost to the axis into lateral segments, 
somewhat in the way of the side divisions of a feather.— 
Lindley. 

PIN-NAT'I-PED, a. [L. pinna and pes.] Fin-footed; having 
the toes bordered by membranes.— Latham. 

PINNED, pp. Fastened with pins ; confined. 

PIN'NER, n. 1. One who pins or fastens ; also, a pounder 
of cattle, or the pound-keeper. 2. A pin-maker. 3. The 
lappet of a head which flies loose. 

PIN'NI-PED, n. [L. pinna and pes.] A name given to a sec- 
tion of crabs that have the last pair of feet, if not more, 
terminated by a flattened joint fitted for swimming. 

' PIN'NlTE, n. Fossil remains of the pinna, a genus of bi- 
valves allied to the muscles. 

PUS NOCK, n. A small bird, the tomtit.— Ainsworth. 

PIN'NU-LATE, a. A pinnvlate leaf is one in which each 
pinna is subdivided. — Martyn. 



PIN'NULE, n. One of the branchlets of a pinnate leaf. 

PINT, n. [D. pint; Fr. pinte; Sp. pinta.] Half a quart, oj 
four_gills. — In medicine, twelve ounces. 

PIN'TaIL, n. A waterfowl of the duck family, esteemed 
excellent food. — P. Cyc. 

PINTLE, n. A little pin.— In artillery, a long iron bolt. 

t PIN'ULES, n. pi. In astronomy, the sights of an astrolabe. 

Pl'NY, a. Abounding with pine-trees. — May. 

Pl-O-NEER', v. t. To go before and prepare the way fm 
jothers. 

Pl-O-NEER', n. [Fr. pionnier.] 1. In the art of war, one 
whose business is to march with or before an army, to 
repair the road or clear it of obstructions, and to make 
mines, intrenchments, &c. 2. One who goes before to 
remove obstructions or prepare the way for another. 

Pl-O-NEERED', pp. Preceded and prepared. 

Pl'O-NIED (-nid), a. Abounding in pionies. — Sltak. 

Pl'O-NING, n. The work of pioneers. — Spenser. 

Pl'O-NY, )n, [Sax. pionie; L. paionia.] A plant, bearing 

Pe'O-NY, > large, beautiful red flowers. 

Pl'OUS, a. [L. plus ; IV pieux.] 1. Reverencing and hon- 
oring the Supreme P.^ing in heart and in the practice ot 
the duties he has enjoined ; devoted to the service of God. 

2. Dictated by reverence to God ; proceeding from piety. 

3. Having due respect and affection for parents or other 
relatives.— Pope. 4. Practiced under the pretense of re- 
ligion ; as, a pious fraud.— Syn. Godly ; devout ; religious ; 
holy; righteous. 

Pl'OUS-MlND'ED, a. Of a pious disposition. 

Pl'OUS-I,Y, adv. 1. In a pious manner ; with reverence and 
affection for God; religiously. 2. With due regard to 
natural or civil relations. 

PIP, n. [D.pip; Fr. pepie.] 1. A disease of fowls ; a horny 
pellicle that grows on the tip of their tongue. 2. A spot 
on cards. — Addison. 3. The seed of an apple, orange, or 
similar fruit. — Southey. 

TW,v.i. [L. pipio ; W . pipian ; Dan. piper.] To cry or chirp, 
as a chicken ; commonly pronounced peep. — Boyle. 

PlPE, n. [Sax. pipe ; W. pib ; Fr. pipe.] 1. A wind instru- 
ment of music, consisting of a long tube of wood or met- 
al. 2. A long tube or hollow body. 3. A tube of clay with 
a bowl at one end ; used in smoking tobacco. 4. The or- 
gans of voice and respiration. 5. The key or sound of the 
voice. Shale. — 6. In England, a roll in the exchequer, or 
the exchequer itself. 7. A cask, usually containing two 
hogsheads, or 126 gallons, used for wine ; or the quantity 
which it contains. — 8. In mining, a pipe is where the ore 
runs forward endwise in a hole, and does not sink down 
ward or in a vein. 

PlPE, v. i. 1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular 
wind instrument of music. — Dryden. — Swift. 2. To have 
a shrill sound ; to whistle. — Shak. 

PlPE, v. t. To play on a wind instrument. — 1 Cor., xiv. 

PiPE-CLaY, n. A kind of white clay, used in making to- 
bacco-pipes and various kinds of earthen-ware. 

PlPE'-FISH, n. A fish having a long and very slender body, 
with an elongated, tubular snout, the whole covered with 
bony plates like a coat of mail. 

PiPE'-TREE, n. The lilac. 

PIPED (plpt), a. Formed with a tube ; tubular. — Encyu 

PIP'ER, n. One who plays on a pipe or wind instrument. 

PIP'ER-ID(5E, n. 1. The tupelo, or black gum, a tree.— 2. 
Piperidge bush, the barberry. See Pepperidge. 

PIP'ER-lN, n. A peculiar crystalline substance extracted 
from black pepper. 

PIPING, ppr. 1. Playing on a pipe. 2. a. Weak ; feeble ; 
sickly ; from the weak or piping voice of the sick ; as, 
these piping times of peace. Shak. — 3. Boiling ; from the 
sound of boiling fluids ; as, piping hot ; [vulgar.] 

PI-PIS'TREL, n. A small bat. the common bat of England. 

PIP'KIN, n. [dim. of pipe.] A small earthen boiler. 

PIP'PIN. n. [D. pippding.] A kind of apple ; a tart apple. 

PlQU'AN-CY (pik'an-sy), n. Sharpness ; pungency ; tart 
ness ; severity. — Barrow. 

Pi QU'ANT (pik'ant). a. [Fr.from piquer.] 1. Pricking ; stim 
ulatimr to the tonarue. 2. Sharp; tart; pumrent ; severe. 

PIQU'ANT-LY (pik'ant-ly), adv. With sharpness; tartly. 

PlQJJE (peek), n. [Fr.] 1. An offense taken ; nsually, slight 
anger. 2. A strong passion. 3. Point ; nicety ; punctilio ; 
as, pique of honor. Dryden. — Syn. Displeasure : irrita- 
tion ; grudge ; spite. 

PlQUE (peek), v. t. [Fr. piquer.] 1. To excite a degree of 
anger. 2. To excite to action ; to touch with envy, jeal- 
ousy, or other passion. 3. With the reciprocal pronoun, 
to pride or value one's self. — Syn. To offend ; disp^ase ; 
irritate ; provoke ; fret ; nettle ; sting ; goad ; stimulate. 

PIQUED (peefct), pp. Irritated ; nettled ; offended ; excited 

PiQU-EER'. n. See Pickeer. 

PIQU-EER'ER, n. A plunderer ; a freebooter.— Swift. See 

PlCKEERER. 

PlQU'ET, n. See Picket. 

Pi-QUET (pe-ketO. n. [Fr.J A game at cards. 

Pi'QU'ING (peeking), ppr. Irritating; offending ; priding. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; (J as J ; S as Z : cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



PIS 



m 



PIT 



Pl'RA-CTi , •.. [Fr. piraurie ; L. piratica.] 1. The act, prac- 
tice, or crime of robbing on the high seas ; the taking of 
property from others by open violence and without au- 
thority on the sea ; a crime that answers to robbery on 
land. 2. An infringement of the law of copyright, or the 
publishing of the writings of another without permission ; 
the robbing of another by taking his writings. 
Pl'RATE, n. [It. pirato ; L., Sp. pirata.] 1. A robber on the 
high seas. 2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without 
a legal commission for the purpose of plundering other 
vessels indiscriminately on the high seas. 3. One who in- 
fringes the law of copyright or publishes the writings of 
_other men without permission. 

Pl'RATE, v. i. To rob on the high seas. — Arbuthnot. 

Pl'RATE, v. t. To take by theft or without right or per- 
mission, as books or writings. — Pope. 

Pl'RA-TED, pp. or a. Taken by theft or without right. 

Pl-RATTG-AL, a. [L. pn aticus.] 1. Robbing or plundering 
by open violence on the high seas. 2. Consisting in pira- 
_cy ; predatory ; robbing. 3. Practicing literary theft. 

Pl-RAT'I€-AL-LY, adv. By piracy.— Bryant. 

Pl'RA-TING, ppr. 1. Robbing on the high seas ; taking with- 
out right, as a book or writing. 2. a. Undertaken for the 
sake of piracy. 

PI-RoGUE' (pe-rog'), In. [Sp. piragua.] 1. A canoe 

PI-RA'GUA (pe-raw'gua), S formed out of the trunk of a 
tree, or two canoes united. — 2. In modern usage in Amer- 
ica, a narrow ferry-boat, carrying two masts and a lee- 
board. 

P1R-6U-ETTE' (pir-6-etf), n. [Fr.] 1. A whirling or turning 
about on the toes in dancing. 2. The circumvolution of a 
horse on the same ground. 

fPlR'RY, n. A rough gale of wind ; a storm. — Elyot. 

PIS'€A-RY, n. [It. pesclteria.] In law, the right or privilege 
of fishing in another man's waters. — Blackstone. 

PIS-€a'TI_ON, n. [L. piscatio.] The act of fishing. 

PIS-CA-To'RI-AL, \a. [L. piscatorius.] Relating to fishes 

PIS'€A-TO-RY, 5 or to fishing.— Addison. 

PIS'CeS, n. pi. [L. piscis.] In astronomy, the Fishes, the 
twelfth sign or constellation in the zodiac. 

PIS'CI-NAL, a. Belonging to a fish-pond. 

PIS'ClNE, a. [L. piscis.] Pertaining to fish or fishes. 

PIS CIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. piscis and voro.] Feeding or sub- 
sisting on fishes. 

Pl'SE (pe'za), n. [Fr.] A species of wall made of stiff earth 
or clay, rammed in between molds as it is carried up. — 
Gwilt. 

PISH, exclam. A word expressing contempt ; sometimes 
spoken and written pshaw. 

PISH, v. i. To express contempt. — Pope 

Pl'SI-FORM a. 'L. pisum and forma.] Having the form of 

a pea. — Kirwan. 
TIS'MlRE, n. [Sw. mijra; Dan. myre; D.mier.] The insect 
galled the ant or emmet. — Prior. — Mortimer. 

Pl'SO-LlTE, n. [Gr. -kigov and XiOos.] A calcareous stone 
made up of globular concretions of the size of a pea; also 
_called peastoue. — Dana. 

Pl-SO-LITT-G. a. In mineralogy, resembling in structure 
peas agglutinated. — Mantell. 

PIS'O-PUALT, n. See Pissasphalt. 

PISS, v. i. [D., G. pissen ; Dan. pisser ; Fr. pisser.] To dis- 
charge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in 
the urinary bladder. 

PISS, n. Urine ; the liquor secreted in the bladder. 

PISS'-BURN ED, a. Stained with urine. 

PISS'A-BED, n. A vulgar name of the dandelion. — Loudon. 

PIS'SAS-PHALT, n. [ Gr. maaanipaXjov ; Sp. pisasfalto.] 
Earth-pitch ; a soft bitumen, of the consistence of tar, 
black, and of a very strong smell ; a variety of petroleum. 

PIST, \n. [Fr. piste.] The track or foot-print of a horse- 

PISTE, j man on the ground he goes over. 

PIS-TA'cHIo (pis-ta'sho), n. [Fr. pistache ; It. pistacchio.] 
The nut of the pistacia vera, a species of turpentine-tree 
growing in Western Asia and Sicily. It is about the size 
of a filbert, but longer, and resembles the sweet almond in 
taste. 

pSt A vziTe:}^ Epidote - 

PIS-TA-REEN', n. A silver coin of the value of 17 or 18 
cents, or 9d. sterling. 

PIS'TIL, n. [L. pistillum.] In botany, the female sexual or- 
gan of all phenognmous plants. It is situated in the center 
of all hermaphrodite and female Mowers. 

PIS-TIL-La'CkOUS (-shus), a. Growing on the pistil of a 
flower. — Barton. 

PISTIL-LaTE, a. Having a pistil. 

PIS-TiL-LA'TlON, n. [L. pistillum.] The act of pounding 
in a mortnr. [Little used.] 

PIS-TIL-LlF'ER-OUrt, a. [pistil, and L. fero.] Having a 
pistil without stamens, as a female flower. 

PISTOL, n. [Fr. pistole, pistolet.] A small fire-arm. 

PISTOL, v. t. [Fr. pistoler.] To shout with a pistol. 

US-T o LE', n. [Fr.] A gold co in of Spain, worth about 1$ 
* Sec Synopsis. 



shillings sterling, or $3 60 cents. In oth^r countries U va 
ries from $3 to $5. 

PISTOLED, pp. Shot with a pistol. 

PIS'TO-LET, n. [Fr.] A little pistol. 

PIS'TOL-ING, ppr. Shooting with a pistol. 

PISTON, n. [Fr., Sp. piston.] A short cylinder of metal or 
other solid substance, which fits exactly the cavity of a 
pump or barrel and works up and down in it alternately 
— Brande. 

PISTON-ROD, n. The rod attaching the piston to the ad- 
joining machinery. — Haldeman. 

PIT, n. [Sax. pit. or pijt; Ir. pit.] 1. An artificial cavity made 
in the earth by digging ; a deep hole in the earth. 2. A 
deep place ; an abyss ; profundity. 3. The grave. — Ps. 
xxviii. 4. The area for cock-fighting. — 5. In a theatre, the 
part on the ground-floor between the lower range of boxes 
and the stage. 6. The hollow of the body at the stomach. 
7. The cavity under the shoulder ; as, the arm-pit. 8. A 
dint made by impression on a soft substance, as by the fin- 
ger, &c. 9. A little hollow in the flesh, made by a pustule, 
as in the small-pox. 10. A hollow place in the earth ex- 
cavated for catching wild beasts. 11. Great distress and 
misery, temporal, spiritual, or eternal.— Ps. xl. 12. Hell ; 
as, the bottomless pit. — Rev., xx. 13. [Dutch.] The kernel 
of fruit, as of a cherry, &c. 

PIT, v. t. 1. To indent ; to press into hollows. 2. To mark 
with little hollows. 3. To set in competition, as in com- 
bat.— Madison. 

PIT'-€oAL, n. Mineral coal; coal dug from the earth. 

t PIT'-HoLE, n. A mark made by disease. — Beaum. and.Fl. 

PIT-SAW, n. A large saw used in dividing timber. 

PIT-A-Ha/YA. n. A fruit-bearing shrub of California. 

PIT'A-PAT, adv. In a flutter ; with palpitation or quick suc- 
cession of beats ; as, his heart went pitapat. 

PITA-PAT, n. A light, quick step.— Zh-yden. 

PITCH, n. [Sax. pic; D pik; G. pech.] 1. A thick black 
substance obtained by boiling down tar ; used in calking 
ships, <fec. 2. A thick, tenacious substance, the juice ol 
the silver fir of central and southern Europe, abies picea, 
obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. It is melt- 
ed in boiling water, strained, and called Burgundy pitch. — ■ 
Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt. 

PITCH, n. [W. pig.] 1. Literally, a point ; hence, any point 
or degree of elevation. 2. Highest rise. 3. Size ; stature. 
4. Degree ; rate. 5. The point where a declivity begins, 
or the declivity itself; descent ; slope. 6. The degree ol 
descent or declivity. 7. A descent ; a fall ; a thrusting 
down. 8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune, or 
of any note. 

PITCH, v. ^ [formerly pight; W. piciaw ; D. pikken ; G, 
pichen.] 1. To throw or thrust, and, primarily, to thrust a 
long or pointed object ; hence, to fix ; to plant ; to set ; 
as, to pitch a tent or camp. 2. To throw at a point. 3. 
To throw headlong. 4. To throw with a fork. 5. To reg- 
ulate or set the key-note of a tune in music. 6. To set in 
array ; to marshal or arrange in order ; used chiefly in the 
participle ; as, a pitched battle. 7. [from pitch.] To smear 
or pay over with pitch. 

PITCH, v. i. 1. To light ; to settle ; to come to rest from 
flight. 2. To fall headlong. 3. To plunge. 4. To fall ; to 
fix choice. 5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation ; to 
encamp. — 6. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head 
and stern of a ship passing over waves. 7. To flow or 
fall precipitously, as a river. 

PITCH'-BLACK, a. Black as pitch. 

PITCH-BLENDE, n. A black or brownish ore of uranium, 
of a semi-metallic lustre. It affords an orange color in 
porcelain painting. — Dana. 

PITCH'-FaR-THING, n. A play in which copper coin is 
pitched into a hole ; called, also, chuck-farthing. 

PITCH'-oRE, n. Pitch-blende, an ore of uranium. 

PITCH'-SToNE, n. A volcanic rock resembling indurated 
pitch. See Obsidian. 

PITCHED (pitcht), pp. or a. Set; planted; fixed; thrown 
headlong ; set in array ; smeared with pitch. 

PITCH'ER, n. [Arm. picher.] 1. An earthen vessel with a 
spout for pouring out liquors. 2. An instrument for pierc- 
ing the ground. — Mortimer. 3. One who pitches any thing, 
as hay, quoits, &c. 

PITCH'ER-PLANT, n. See Nepenthes. 

PITCH'FORK, n. [W. picforc.] A fork or farming utensil 
used in throwing hay or sheaves of grain. 

PITCH'I-NESS, n. Blackness ; darkness. [Little used.] 

PITCHING, ppr. 1. Setting; planting or fixing; throwing 
headlong ; plunging ; daubing with pitch ; setting, as a tune 
2. a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping, as a hill. 

PITCHING, n. In navigation, the rising and falling of the 
head and stern of a ship as she moves over waves. 

PITCH'PIPE, n. A wind instrument used by choristers in 
regulating the pitch or elevation of the key. 

PITCHY, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch ; like 
pitch. 2. Smeared with pitch. 3. Black ; dark ; dismal. 

PIT'E-OUS, a. 1. That may excite pity. 2. Deserving com 



A, E, I, &c, long.— a. K I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



PiZ 



747 



PLA 



passion. 3. Affected by pity. 4. Pitiful; paltry; poor; 
as, piteous amends. Milton. — Syn. Sorrowful ; mournful; 
affecting ; doleful ; woful ; rueful ; wretched ; miserable ; 
pitiable ; compassionate ; tender. 

PITE-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In a piteous manner; with com- 
passion. — Shah. 2. Sorrowfully ; mournfully. 

PITE-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Sorrowfulness. 2. Tenderness; 
compassion. 

PITFALL, n. A pit slightly covered for concealment, and 
intended to catch wild'beasts or men. 

PITFALL, v. t. To lead into a pitfall.— Milton. 

PITH, n. [Sax. pitha.] 1. The soft, spongy substance in 
the eenter of plants and trees. — 2. In animals, the spinal 
cord. 3. Strength or force. — Shah. 4. Energy ; cogency ; 
concentrated force ; closeness and vigor of thought and 
6tyle. 5. Condensed substance or matter ; quintessence. 
6. Weight ; moment ; importance. — Shak. 

PITH, v. t. To divide the spinal cord or marrow, as by 
thrusting in a knife : a mode of putting animals to death. 

PITH'I-LY, adv. With strength ; with close or concentrated 
force ; cogently ; with energy. 

PITH'I-NESS, to. Strength ; concentrated force. 

PITHLESS, a. 1. Destitute of pith ; wanting strength. 2. 
Wanting cogency or concentrated force. 

PITH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of pith ; containing pith ; abounding 
with pith. 2. Containing concentrated" force ; forcible ; 
energetic. 3. Uttering energetic words or expressions. 

PITI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. pitoyable.} Deserving pity ; worthy of 
compassion. — Syn. Sorrowful ; affecting ; lamentable ; 
mournful ; doleful ; woful ; rueful ; wretched ; miser- 
able. 

PIT'I-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of deserving compassion. 

PITI-A-BLY, adv. In a pitiable manner; "wofully. 

PITLED (pifid), pp. Compassionated. 

t PITI.ED-LY, adv. In a situation to be pitied. — Feltham. 

PITI-FUL, a. 1. Full of pity ; tender ; compassionate. — 
1 Pet., hi. ; [nearly obs.] 2. Miserable ; moving compas- 
sion. — Skak. ; [nearly obs.] 3. To be pitied for its little- 
ness or meanness : paltry ; contemptible ; despicable. — 
Shak. 4. Very small ; insignificant. 

PITI-FUL-LY, adv. 1. With pity ; compassionately. 2. In 
a manner to excite pity. 3. Contemptibly ; with meanness. 

PITT-FUL-NESS, n. 1. Tenderness of heart that disposes 
to pity ; mercy ; compassion. 2. Contemptibleness. 

PJTI-LESS, a. 1. Feeling no pity. 2. Exciting no pity.— 
Syn. Hard-hearted cruel ; merciless ; unmerciful ; com- 
passionless; unsyn pathizing. 

PITI-LESS-LY, adv. ^Without mercy or compassion. 

PITI-LESS-NESS, n. Unmercifulness ; insensibility to the 
distresses of others. 

PITMAN, to. 1. The man who stands in a pit when sawing 
timber with another man who stands above. 2. The piece 
of timber which connects the lower end of a mill-saw with 
the wheel that moves it. 

PITTA-CAL, 7i. [Gr. Tnrru and K a\\o<;.] A dark-blue solid 
substance, somewhat like indigo, obtained from wood tar. 

PITTANCE, 7i. [Fr. pitance.] 1. An allowance of meat in a 
monastery. 2. A very small portion allowed or assigned. 
3. A very small quantity, as of money, &c. 

PITTED, pp. or a. from pit. Marked with little hollows ; 
set in competition. 

PITTING, ppr. Marking with little hollows; setting in 
competition. 

PITTI-ZlTE, 7i. [Gr.THaaa or mrra.] Pitchy iron ore.— Ure. 

PfcTO'I-TA-RY, a. [L. pituita.] That secretes phlegm or 
mucus. — Parr. 

PITU-lTE, 7i. [Fr., from L. pituita.] Mucus. 

PI-Tij 'I-TOUS, a. [L. pituitosus.] Consisting of mucus, or 
resembling it in qualities. 

PITY, 7i. [Fr. pitie; It. pietd.] 1. The feeling or suffering 
of one person, excited by the distresses of another. 2. 
The ground or subject of pity ; cause of grief; thing to y e 
regretted. — Syn. Compassion ; mercy ; commiseration 
condolence ; sympathy ; fellow-suffering ; fellow-feeling. 

PITY, v. t. [Fr. pitoyer.] To feel pain or grief for one in 
distress ; to have sympathy for ; to have tender feelings 
for one, excited by his unhappiness. — Syn. To commis- 
erate ; compassionate ; sympathize with. 

PITY, v. i. To be compassionate ; io exercise pity. 

PITY-ING, ppr. Compassionating ; sympathizing. 

PITY-ING-LY, adv. Compassionately ; tenderly 7 

P IU. [It.] In music, a little. 

PIVOT, 7i. [Fr.] 1. A pin or short shaft on which any thing 
turns. Dryden. — 2. In military language, the officer or 
soldier who happens to be at the flank on which a com- 
pany wheels. 

PIX, 7i. [L. pyxis.] I. A little box or chc6t in which the con- 
secrated host is kept in the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 
A box used in English coinage for the trial of gold and 
silver coin. — Brande. 

PIXY, 7i. A fairy.— Holloway. [Local in England.] 

PIZ'ZLE, 71. [D. pees.] In certain quadrupeds, the part 
which is official to generation and the discharge of urine. 



TL A-€A-BIL'I-TY, ) n, The quality of bein^ appeasable , 
PLA'€A-BLE-NESS, 5 susceptibility of being pacified. 
PLa'CA-BLE, a. [It. placabile ; Sp. placable ; L. placabilis.] 
That may be appeased or pacified ; appeasable ; admitting 
its passions or irritations to be allayed ; willing to ibrgive. 

PLACARD', 7i. [Fr. placard ; Sp. placarte.] "Properly, a 
written or printed paper posted in a public place. It 
seems to have been formerly the name of an edict, proc- 
lamation, or manifesto issued by authority. It is now an 
advertisement, or a libel, or a paper intended to censure 
public or private characters or public measures, posted In 
a public place. 

PLA-CaRD', v. t. 1. To post, as a writing or libel, in a pub- 
lic place. It is sometimes used in a good sense. 2. To 
notify publicly. 

PLA-C aRD'ED, pp. Posted in a public place ; notifying pub- 
licly. 

PLA-€aRDTNG, ppr. Posting in a public place. 

PLa'CaTE, v. t. [L. placo.] To appease or pacify ; to con 
ciliate. — Forbes. 

PLaCE, 7i. [Fr. ; Sp. plaza.] 1. A particular portion of 
space of indefinite extent. 2. Any portion of space, as 
distinct from space in general. 3. Local existence. 4. 
Separate division, room, or apartment. 5. Residence ; 
mansion. 6. A portion or passage of writing or of a book. 
7. Point or degree in order of proceedin g j as, in the first 
place. 8. Rank ; order of priority, dignity, or importance. 
9. Official station. 10. Ground; room; as, place of doubt 
ing. — Hammond. 11. Station in life ; calling; occupation; 
condition. 12. A city ; a town ; a village. — 13. In military 
affairs, a fortified town or post ; a fortress ; a fort ; as, u 
strong place. 14. A country ; a kingdom. 15. Space in 
general.— Dan's. 16. Room ; stead ; with the sense of 
substitution ; as, in another's place. 17. Room : kind re- 
ception. — 18. Place of a heavenly body, in astronomy, the 
sign and degree of the zodiac in which it is. — Hiitton. 

To take place. 1. To come ; to happen ; to corns into actual 
existence or operation. 2. To take the precedence or pri- 
ority. Locke. — To take the place, to occupy the place or 
station of another. — To have place. 1. To have a station, 
room, or seat. 2. To have actual existence. — To give 
place. 1. To make room or way. 2. To give room ; to 
give advantage; to yield to the influence of: to listen to. 
3. To give way ; to yield to and sutler to pass away. — 
High place, in Scripture, a mount on which sacrifices were 
offered. — Syn. Situation; seat; abode; petition; locality; 
location ; site ; spot ; office ; employment ; charge : func- 
tion ; trust. 

PLICE, v. t. [Fr. placer.] 1. To put or set in a particular 
part of space, or in a particular part of the' earth, or in 
something on its surface ; to locate. 2. To appoint, set, in- 
duct, or establish in an office. 3. To put or set in any 
particular rank, state, or condition. 4. To set ; to fix, 5. 
To put; to invest. 6. To put out at interest; to lend. 

PLaCE'-MAN, 71. One who has an office under a govern 
ment._ 

PLA-CE'BO. [L. placeo.] 1. In the Roman Catholic Church, 
the vesper hymn for the dead, beginning placebo Domino. 
Foslwoke. — 2. In medicine, a prescription more to please 
than benefit the patient. — Forsyth. 

PLACED (plast), pp. Set; fixed; located; established. 

PLA-CEN'TA, 71. [L.] 1. In anatomy, the substance that 
connects the embryo or fetus to the womb, a soft, round- 
ish mass or cake by which the principal connection is 
maintained between the parent and the fetus. 2. The part 
of a plant or fruit to which the seeds are attached. 

PLA-CENTAL, a. Pertaining to the placenta. 

PLAC-EN-Ta'TION, n. In botany, the disposition of the co- 
tyledons or lobes in the veneration or germination of seeds. 

PLAC-EN-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. placenta snd fero] In bo'any, 
bearing or producing a placenta — L/nd'cy. 

PLa'CER, 71. One who places, locates, or sets. 

PLACID, a. [L. placidus.] 1. Gentle ; quiet; undisturbed; 
equable. 2. Serene ; mild ; unruffled ; indicating peace 
of mind. 3. Calm ; tranquil ; serene ; not stormy. 4. 
calm ; quiet ; unruffled. 

PLACID-LY, adv. Mildly ; calmly ; quietly ; without dis- 
turbance or passion. 

PLACTD-NESS, In. 1. Calmness; quiet; tranquillity; un- 

PLA-CID'I-TY. 3 ruffled state. 2. Mildness ; gen tlunese- 
sweetness of disposition. 

PLACING, ppr. Setting; fixing; establishing 

tPLAC'IT, 71. [L. placitum.) A decree or determination. 
Glanville. 

PLAC'I-TO-RY, a. Relating to pleas or pleading in courts 
of law. — Clayton. 

PLACK'ET. n. [Fr. plnrpur.] A petticoat.— Shak. [T\are..] 

PLA-€OID'I-AN. a. Pertaining to the placoidians. 

PLA-€OID'!-ANS, u.pl. [Gr. -\. t { and eifrtS.] In the arrange- 
ment of Airnssiz. th ■ first order of fishes, having the skin 
covered with enameled plates, as the sharks. ruyB. iVc. 

PLAFOND, v. [Fr.] The ceiling of a room, wb.-iln r Mat 01 
arched; any soffit. 



DAVE ;— BULL, tJMlTE ;— ANGER, Vi'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH ss SH ; TH as in this, t G&sofefe. 



PL A 



748 



PLA 



PLa'GAL, a, [Gr. TrXayto;.] Plagal melodies, in music, are 
such as have their principal notes lying between the fifth 
of the key and its octave or twelfth. — Brande. 

" PLa'GI-A-RISM, n. [from plagiary.} The act of purloin- 
ing another man's literary works, or introducing passages 
from another man's writings and putting them off as one's 
own ; literary theft. 

* PLa'GI-A-RIST, n. One who purloins the writings of an- 

other and puts them oft' as his own. 

PL I'Gl-A-RlZE, v. t. To steal or purloin from the writings 
of another. _ 

* PLa'gI-A-RiZM),^. Stolen from the writings of another. 

* PLa'gI-A-RiZ-LNG, ppr. Purloining from the writings of 
another. 

* PLa'gI-A-RY, n. [L. plagium.] 1. A thief in literature ; 

one who purloins another's writings and oft'ers them to 
thepublic as his own. 2. The crime of literary theft; [obs.] 

* PLa'gI-A-RY, a. Stealing men ; kidnapping ; [obs.] 2. 

Practicingliterary theft. —Hall. 

PLa'gI-ON-iTE, n. [Gr. nXavios, oblique, alluding to the 
crystallization.] A blackisn, lead-gray ore of antimony 
and lead. 

1'LaGUE (plag), n. [Sp. plaga or llaga; G., Dan. plage; L. 
plaga.] 1. Any thing troublesome or vexatious. 2. A pest- 
ilential disease of an acute, malignant, febrile nature, prev- 
alent around the Mediterranean. 3. A state of misery. 

4. Any great natural evil or calamity. 

PL AGUE (plag), v. t. [Sp. plagar ; Dan. plager.] 1. To in- 
fest with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any kind. 2. 
To occasion any one trouble or vexation. — Syn. To vex ; 
torment ; distress ; afliict ; harass ; annoy ; tease ; tanta- 
lize ; trouble ; molest ; embarrass ; perplex. 

PLaGUE'FUL, a. Abounding with plagues ; infected with 
plagues. 

PLIGUE'LESS, a. Free from plagues or the plague. 

PLaGU'I-LY, adv. Vexatiously ; in a manner to vex, harass, 
or embarrass; greatly; horribly. — Swift. [In vulgar 
use.] 

PLaGUY (plag'y), a. Vexatious ; troublesome ; tormenting. 
[Vulgar.] 

PLaICE, ) n. [Fr. plie ; Sp. platija.] A salt-water fish allied 

PLaISE, 5 to the flounder, but larger. 

PLaICE'-MOUTH, n. A wry mouth.— Ben Jonson. 

PLaID (plad), n. A striped or variegated cloth worn as an 
over garment by the Highlanders in Scotland. 

PLIIN (plane), a. [Fr. plain; It. piano ; Sp. piano, llano; 
Port, piano ; from L. planus.] 1. Without elevations and 
depressions ; not rough ; in this sense often written plane. 

2. Unencumbered ; fair ; as, to beat an enemy in plain fight. 

3. Void of beauty or ornament. 4. Without disguise, cun- 
ning, or afl'ectation ; without refinement ; as, a plain man. 

5. Without art or embellishment, as a story. 6. Honestly 
undisguised ; as, to speak plain truth. 7. Mere ; bare ; 
as, plain fools. — Pope. 8. Evident to the understanding ; 
not obscure. 9. Not much varied by modulations, as a 
song. 10. Not high-seasoned ; not rich ; not luxuriously 
dressed, as food. 11. Not ornamented with figures. 12. 
Not dyed. 13. Not difficult ; not embarrassing. 14. Easi- 
ly seen or discovered ; not obscure or difficult to be found. 
—Syn. Even ; level ; flat ; smooth ; open ; artless ; unaf- 
fected ; undisguised ; frank ; sincere ; honest ; candid ; 
ingenuous; unvarnished; unembellished ; downright; un- 
reserved ; clear ; simple ; distinct ; obvious ; apparent ; 
manifest. 

PLaIN, adv. 1. Not obscurely ; hi a manner to be easily un- 
derstood. 2. Distinctly ; articulately. 3. With simplicity ; 
artlessly ; bluntly. 

PLIIN, n. [It. cluain; Fr. plaine.] 1. Level laud; usually, 
an open field with an even surface, or a surface little va- 
ried by inequalities. 2. Field of battle. — Arbuthnot. 

PLaIN, v. t. 1. To level ; to make plain or even on the sur- 
face. — Hayward. 2. To lament. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

I PLIIN, v. i. [Fr. plaindre.] To lament, complain, or wail. 

PLIIN'-CHXNT, n. See Plain-song. 

PLIIN'-DeAL-ER n. One who speaks out his views with 
great plainness. 

PLaIN'-DeAL-ING, a. Dealing or communicating with 
frankness and sincerity ; honest ; open ; speaking and act- 
ing without art. 

FLaIN'-DeAL-ING, n. A speaking or communicating with 
openness and sincerity ; management without art, strata- 
gem, or disguise ; sincerity. 

PLaIN'-HEaRT'ED, a. Having a sincere heart; commu- 
nicating without art ; of a frank disposition. 

PLaIN'-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Frankness of disposition; 
sincerity. — Hallywell. 

PLaIN'-SONG, n. An ecclesiastical chant in duple measure 
with notes of equal length, and rarely exceeding the com- 
pass of an_ octave. — P. Cyc. 

PLaLN'-SPoK-£N, a. Speaking with plain, unreserved sin- 
cerity. — Dry den. 

PLIIN'-WORK (-wurk), n. Plain needle-work, as distin- 
guished from embroidery. — Pope. 



t PLIIN'ING, n. Complaint.— Shak. 

PLaIN'LY, adv. 1. With a level surface ; [rare.] 2. With 
out cunning or disguise. 3. Without ornament or artificia. 
embellishment 4. Frankly; honestly; sincerely. 5. In 
earnest ; fairly. 6. In a manner to be easily seen or com- 
prehended. 7. Evidently ; clearly ; not obscurely. 

PLaIN'NESS, n. 1. Levelness ; evenness of surface. 2. 
Want of ornament; want of artificial show. 3. Open- 
ness ; rough, blunt, or unrefined frankness. 4. Artless- 
ness ; simplicity ; candor. 5. Clearness ; openness ; sin- 
cerity. 

PLaINT, n. [Fr. plainte.] 1. Lamentation ; complaint; au- 
dible expression of sorrow. — Milton. 2. Complaint ; rep 
resentation made of injury or wrong done. Bacon. — 3. In 
law, a private memorial tendered to a court, in which the 
person sets forth his cause of action. — 4. In law, a com 
plaint ; a formal accusation exhibited by a private persoD 
against an offender for a breach of law or a public ofl'ense. 
— Laws of New York and Conn. 

PLIINTFUL, a. Complaining ; expressing sorrow with an 
audible voice. — Sidney. 

PLIIN TIFF, n. [Fr. plaintif] In law, the person who com- 
mences a suit before a tribunal for the recovery of a claim ; 
opposed to defendant. 

PLIINTlVE, a. [Fr. plaintif] 1. Lamenting; complain- 
ing ; expressive of sorrow. 2. Complaining ; expressing 
sorrow or grief ; repining. 

PLaINTIVE-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of grief 

PLaINT3£VE-NESS, n. The quality or state of expressing 
grief. 

PLIINTLESS, a. Without complaint ; unrepining. 

PLIIT, n. [W. pleth.] 1. A fold ; a doubling, as of cloth. 
2._ A braid, as of hair or straw. 

PLaIT (plate), v. t. 1. To fold ; to double in narrow 
streaks. 2. To braid ; to interweave strands. 3. To en- 
tangle ; to involve. 

PLIIT'ED, pp. or a. Folded ; braided ; interwoven 

PLIIT'ER, n. One who plaits or braids. 

PLIIT'ING. ppr. Folding; doubling; braiding. 

PLAN, n. [Fr., G., D., Dan., Sw., Russ. plan.] 1. The rep- 
resentation of any thing drawn on & plane ; as, the plan of 
a building. 2. Any thing devised or projected ; as, a plan 
of operations. — Syn. Draught ; delineation ; plot ; sketch ; 
scheme ; project ; design ; contrivance ; device. 

PLAN, v. t. 1. To form a draught or representation of any 
intended work. 2. To scheme ; to devise ; to form in 
design. 

PLa'NA-RY, a. Pertaining to a plane. — Diet. 

PLANCH, v. t. [Fr planche.] To plank ; to cover with 
planks or boards. — Gorges. 

PLANCHjED (plancht), pp. Covered or made of planks or 
boards. 

PLANCH'ER, n. A floor.— Bacon, 

PLANCH'ET, n. [Fr. planchette.] A flat piece of metal or 
coin. — Encyc. 

PLANCH'ING, n. The laying of floors in a building ; also, 
afloor of boards or planks. — Carew. 

PLINE, a. [L. planus. See Plain.] Without elevations or 
depressions; even; level; flat. — Plane chart, a chart con- 
structed on the supposition of the earth and sea being an 
extended plane surface, with the degrees of latitude and 
longitude every where equal. — Plane sailing, in naviga- 
tion, the art of determining the ship's place on the suppo- 
sition that she is moving on a plane. 

PLaNE, n. [from L. planus. See Plain.] 1. In geometry, 
an even or level surface, like plain in popular language. — 
2. In astronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass 
through any of the curves described on the celestial 
sphere. — 3. In joinery, an instrument used in smoothing 
boards. — An inclined plane is any plane inclined to the 
horizon, at whatever angle. 

PLINE, v. t. 1. To make smooth ; to pare off the inequal- 
ities of the surface of a board or other piece of wood by 
the use of a plane. 2. To free from inequalities of sur 
face. 

PLaNE'-TI-BLE, n. An instrument or board marked off 
into degrees from the center, used in surveying lands, by 
which the draught or plan is taken on the spot during the 
progress of the survey. — Hutton. 

PLINE'-TREE, n. [L. platanus ; Fr. plane, platane.] A 
large tree of the genus platanus, having broad leaves, and 
seeds united in little globular pendent balls. The Oriental 
or Asiatic plane-tree, and the occidental or American, 
which is also called button-wood, are well-known species. 

PL IN .ED. pp. or a. Made smooth with a plane ; leveled. 

PLIN'ER, ii. One who smooths with a plane.— Sherwood. 

PLAN'ET, n. [Gr. TrXavnrriS.] Literally, a wanderer ; a ce- 
lestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit ot a 
moderate degree of eccentricity, as distinguished from a 
comet, which has a very eccentric orbit. The moons or 
satellites revolving about the planets are called seoondanj 
planets, and hence the planets themselves are sometimes 
called primary planets. 



: Synopsis. I. T ? L«., long.— X, e, I, &c, short.— FIR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;~ MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE. BOOK 



PLA 



749 



PLA 



^LANTCT-S l'RUCK, a. Affected by the influence of plan- 
ets ; blasted. — Suckling: 

PLAN-ET-X'RI-UM, n. An astronomical machine which, by 
the movement of its parts, represents the motions and or- 
bits of the planets. 

PLAN'ET-A-RY, a. [Fr. planetaire.} 1. Pertaining to the 
planets. 2. Consisting of planets'. 3. Under the domin- 

• ion or influence of a planet. [Astrology.] 4. Produced by 
planets. — Sliak. 5. Having the nature of a planet ; erratic 
or revolving. 

PLAN'ET-ED. a. Belonging to planets.— Young. 

t PLA-NETI€-AL, n. Pertaining to planets.— Brown. 

PLANTT-ULE, n. A little planet— Conybeare. 

PLAN-I-METRIC, \a. Pertaining to the mensuration 

PLAN-I-METTJC-AL. 5 of plane surfaces. 

PLA-NIM'ETRY, n. [L. planus, and Gr. jitrpm.] The men- 
suration of plane surfaces. 

PLAN'ISH, v. t. To render a metallic surface level and 
smooth, by pounding it gently with a smooth-faced ham- 
mer, as tin plates, &c— Henry's Chemistry. 

PLANISHED (plan'isht), pp. Made smooth by hammering. 

PLAN'ISH-ING, ppr. Making smooth by hammering. 

PLAN1-SPHERE, n. [L. planus and sphere.] A sphere pro- 
jected on a plane ; a map exhibiting the circles of a sphere. 

PLANK, n. [Fr. planche ; W. plane ; D. plank ; G., Dan. 
planke.] A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from 
a board only in being thicker. 

PLANK, v. t. To cover or lay with planks. 

PLANKED (plankt), pp. Covered with planks. 

PLANKING, ppr. Laying with planks. 

PLAN'LESS, a. Having no plan. 

PLANNED, pp. Devised; schemed. 

PLAN'NER, n. One who plans or forms a plan; a pro- 
jector. 

PLAN'NING, ppr. Scheming ; devising ; making a plan. 

PLa'NO-CON'CaVE, a. Flat on one side and concave on 
the other. 

PLI'NO-CON'IC-AL, a. Plane or level on one side and 
conical on the other. — Grew. 

PLa'NO-CON'VEX, a. Plane or flat on one side and con- 
vex on the other. — Newton. 

PLa/NO-HOR-I-ZONTAL, a. Having a level, horizontal 
surface or position. — Lee. 

PLI-NO-SUB'tJ-LATE, a. Smooth and awl-shaped. 

PLA-NOR'BIS, n. [L. planus and orbis.] A genus of fresh- 
water snails having shells of a discoidal form. — Mantell. 

PLANT, n. [Fr.plante; It.pianta; L., Sp., Port, Sw.planta; 
D. plant.] 1. A vegetable ; an organic body, having the 
power of propagating itself by seeds. The term is popu- 
larly applied to small vegetables, as herbs and shrubs. 2. 
A sapling. Dryden. — 3. In Scripture, a child ; a descend- 
ant ; the inhabitant of a country. — Ps. cxliv. 4. The sole 
of the foot ; [little used.] 5. The fixtures and tools neces- 
sary to carry on any trade or mechanical business ; [local] 

PLANT, v. t. 1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed 
for growth. 2. To set in the ground for growth, as a 
young tree or a vegetable with roots. 3. To engender ; to 
set the germ of any thing that may increase ; as, to plant 
anger. — Shak. 4. To set firmly ; to fix, as a standard or 
flag. 5. To settle ; to fix the first inhabitants ; to establish, 
as a colony. 6. To furnish with plants ; to lay out and 
prepare with plants. 7. To set and direct or point, as 
cannon. 8. To introduce and establish. 9. To unite to 
Christ and fix in a state of fellowship with him. — Ps. xcii. 

PLANT, v. i. To perform the act of planting. — Pope. 

PLANT-CaNE, n. In the West Indies, the first year's growth 
of the sugar-cane directly from the planted slips.— Edwards. 

PLANT-LOUSE, n. An insect that infests plants ; a vine- 
fretter ; the puceron. 

PLANTA-BLE, a. Capable of being planted.— Edwards. 

t PLANT'AGE, n. [L. plantago.] An herb.— Shak. 

PLANTAIN (planfin), n. [Fr.] A plant of the genus planta- 
go. The common plantain is found near the abode of 
civilized man in all parts of the world. 

PLANTAIN, In. [Sp. platan o.] A tree of the genus 

PLANTAIN-TREE, 5 musa and of the palm tribe, whose 
fruit forms the entire sustenance of many of the inhabit- 
ants of tropical climates, 
f PLANTAL, a. Belonging to plants.— Glanville. 
PLANT- A'TION, n. [L. plantatio.] 1. The act of planting or 
setting in the earth for growth. 2. The place planted ; ap- 
plied to ground planted with trees for the purpose of pro- 
ducing timber, or for ornament, Sec— 3. In the Southern 
States and the West Indies, a large estate cultivated chiefly 
>.y negroes, either slaves or free, who live in a distinct 
community on the estate under the control of the pro- 
prietor or master. 4. An original settlement in a new 
country ; a town or village planted. — B. Trumbull. 5. A 
colony. — Bacon. — Burke. 6. A first planting ; introduction ; 
establishment. — K. Charles. 
PLANTED, pp. or a. 1. Set in the earth for propagation ; 
set ; fixed ; introduced ; established. 2. Furnished with 
seeds or plants for growth. 3. Furnished with the first 



inhabitants ; settled. 4. Filled or furnished with what is 
new. 

PLANTER, n. 1. One who plants, sets, introduces, or es- 
tablishes. 2. One who settles in a new or uncultivated 
territory. 3. One who owns a plantation : used in the 
West Indies and Southern Slates of America. 4. One who 
introduces and establishes. 

PLANTER-SHIP, n. The business of a planter. 

PLANTI-CLE, n. A young plant or plant in embryo. 

PLANT'I-GRADE, n. [L. planta, the sole of the foot, and 
gradior, to walk.] An animal that walks or steps on the 
sole of the foot, as the bear. — Bell. 

PLANTI-GRADE, a. Walking on the sole of the foot. 

PLANTING,^. 1. Setting in the earth for propagation ; 
setting ; settling ; introducing ; establishing. 2. a. Consist 
ing of or pertaining to planters ; as, a planting communi- 
ty; [United States.] 

PLANTING, n. 1. The act or operation of setting in the 
ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, Sec. — 2. In 
England, the art of forming plantations of trees. 

PLANTLET, n. A little plant— Keith. 

PLANTULE. n. The embryo of a plant 

PLASH, n. [D. plas.] 1. A small collection of standing wa- 
ter; a puddle. 2. The branch of a tree partly cut or 
lopped and bound to other branches. 

PLASH, v. i. To dabble in water ; usually splash. 

PLASH, v. t. [Fr. plisser.] To interweave branches.— In 
New England, to splice. 

PLASHED (plasht), pp. Interwoven, as branches. 

PLASHING, ppr. Cutting and interweaving, as branches 
in a hedge. 

PLASHTNG, n. 1. The act or operation of cutting small 
trees half through, and interweaving them, as in hedges. 
2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the 
walls of buildings, as in imitation of granite, <fcc. 

PLASH'Y, a. Watery ; abounding with puddles. — Sandys. 

PLASM, n. [Gr. -\aafia.] A mold or matrix in which any 
thing is cast or formed to a particular shape. [Little used.] 

PLAS'MA, 7i. A variety of quartz. — Dana. 

PLAS-MATIC, I a. Giving shape ; having the power of 

PLAS-MATIC-AL, } giving form.— More. 

PLIS'TER, n. [G. pflaster ; D. phistrc ; Dan. plaster ; Fr. 
pldtre.] 1. A composition of lime, water, and sand, well 
mixed into a land of paste and used for coating walls and 
partitions of houses. The term plaster is also applied to 
the material composed, of plaster of Paris, of which orna- 
ments, figures, moldings, &c, are made. — 2. In pharmacy, 
an external application of a harder consistence than an 
ointment, and of an adhesive nature, spread on leather, 
cloth, &c. — Plaster of Paris, a composition of several spe- 
cies of gypsum dug near Montmarte, near Paris, in France, 
used in building and in casting busts and statues. In pop- 
ular language, this name is applied improperly to plaster- 
stone, or to any species of gypsum. 

PLIS'TER, v. t. 1. To overlay with plaster, as the parti- 
tions of a house, walls, &c. 2. To cover with a plaster, 
as a wound. — 8. In popular language, to smooth over ; to 
cover or conceal defects or irregularities. 

PLaSTER-SToNE, n. Gypsum,\vhich see. 

PLASTERED, pp. or a. Overlaid with plaster. 

PLaS'TER-ER, 7i. 1. One who overlays with placer. 2. 
One who makes figures in plaster. — Wotton. 

PLASTER-ING, ppr. Covering with or laying on planter 

PLaS'TER-ING, n. 1. The act or operation of overlaying 
with plaster. 2. The plaster-work of a building : a cover- 
ing of plaster. 

PLASTIC, a. [Gr. -\acriKoS.] 1. Having the power to give 
form or fashion to a mass of matter. — Prior. 2. Capable 
of being molded, formed, or modeled ; as, plastic material. 

PLASTIC CLIY, n. One of the beds of the eocene period, 
so called because used in making pottery. — Lyell. 

PLASTICITY, a. 1. The quality of giving form or shape 
to matter. — Encyc. 2. Capacity of being molded, formed 
or modeled. 

PLAS-TOG'RA-PHY, n. The act of forming figures in 
plaster. 

PLASTRON, n. A piece of leather stuffed, used by fencers 
to defend the body against pushes. — Dryden. 

PLAT, v. t. To weave ; to form by texture.— Ray. 

PLAT, \n. Work done by platting or interweav- 

PLATTING, > ing. 

PLAT, n. [Dan., D. plat ; Fr. plat ; G. platt.] A small pieor 
of ground, usuallv a portion of flat, even ground. 

t PLAT, a. Plain ; "flat.— Chaucer. 

t PLAT, adv. 1. Plainly; flatly; downright 2. Smoothly, 
evenly. 

PLAT-BAND, n. 1. A border of flowers in a garden, along 
a wall, or the 6ide of a parterre ; hence, a border. — 2. In 
architecture, a flat square molding, whose projection is 
much less than its height 3. The lintel of a door or win- 
dow. 4. A list of fillet between the flutings of a column. 
PLATANE, 7!. [L. platanus.] The plane-tree.— Milton. 
PLaTE, n. [D. plaat ; G. platte; Sw. platt: Dan., D. plat.] 



— — t — g - - — - -— — —• ■-• i.— . j , ~- i , ~.-. r *~*. . ^^^.., ^. t 

D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. VfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; ClIasSH; TH as in this, i Obsolete 



PLA 



750 



PLA 



t. A piece of metal flat or extended in breadth. 2. Armor 
of ulate, composed of broad pieces. 3. The name com- 
monly given to gold and silver wrought into articles of 
household furniture. 4. A small shallow vessel, made of 
silver or other metal, or of earth glazed and baked, from 
which provisions are eaten at table. 5. The prize given 
for thf> best horse in a race. — 6. In architecture, the piece 
of timber which supports the ends of the rafters. 7 An 
engraving from a plate of metal or wood. 8. A solid page 
of metal to print from ; as in stereotype plates. 

PLaTE, v. t. 1. To cover or overlay with plate or with 
metal ; used particularly of silver. 2. To arm with plate 
or metal for defense. 3. To adorn with plate. 4. To beat 
into thin flat pieces or laminaj. 

PLaTE'-GLaSS, n. A fine kind of glass cast in thick plates, 
and used for mirrors and the best windows. — Francis. 

PLa-TEAU' (pla-to'), n. [Fr. a platter.] 1. A broad, flat space. 
2. A large ornamented dish for the center of a table. 

PLaTED, pp. or a. Covered or adorned with plate ; armed 
with plate ; beaten into plates. 

PLATEN, n. Among printers, the flat part of a press by 
which the impression is made. 

PLaTE'Y, a. Like ajflate ; flat. — Gregory. 

PLATFORM, n. [plat and form.} 1. The sketch of any 
thing horizontally delineated ; the ichnography. — Sandys. 
2. A place laid out after any model. Pope. — 3. In the mil- 
itary art, an elevation of earth or a floor of wood or stone, 
on which cannons are mounted to fire on an enemy.— 1. 
In architecture, an assemblage of timbers for carrying a 
flat covering of a house, or the flat covering itself. — Gwilt. 
5. A kind of terrace, or broad, smooth, open walk on the 
top of a building, as in the Oriental houses. — 6. In ships, 
the orlop. 7. Any number of planks or other materials 
forming a floor for any purpose. 8. A plan ; a scheme ; 
ground-work. Bacon. — 9. In New England, an ecclesi- 
astical constitution, or a plan for the government of 
churches. 

PLa'TIC AS'PE€T. In astrology, a ray cast from one 
planet to another, not exactly, but within the orbit of its 
own light. — Bailey. 

* PLAT'1-NA. See Platinum. 

PLaTING, ppr. Overlaying with plate or with a metal ; 
beating into thin laminai. 

PLaT'iNG. n. The art or operation of covering any thing 
with plate or with a metal, particularly of overlaying a 
baser metal with a thin plate of silver. 

PLAT-I-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [platina and fero.] Producing 
platinum ; as, platiniferous sand. 

PLATINUM, n. [Sp. platina.] A metal first discovered in 
the mines of Choco, in Peru, nearly of the color of silver, 
but less bright, and the heaviest of the metals. Its specific 
gravity is about 20, and may be increased by heat and 
pressure to 21%.— Spongy platinum, or platinum sponge, 
metallic platinum in the form of a porous brown mass ; 
much used in chemical experiments. — Platinum black, 
metallic platinum in the form of a black powder. 

PLAT1-TUDE, n. fFr.] Flatness; dullness; insipidity. 

PLA-TON'I€, a. Pertaining to Plato the philosopher, or to 
his philosophy, his school, or his opinions. — The Platonic 
bodies are the five regular geometrical solids ; viz., the 
tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahe- 
dron, and icosahedron. — Platonic love is a pure spiritual 
affection subsisting between the sexes, unmixed with car- 
nal desires, and regarding the mind only and its excel- 
lences. 

PLA-TON'I€-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Plato- 
nists. 

PLa'TO-NISM, n. The doctrines of Plato and his follow- 
ers. Plato believed that God, an infinitely wise, just, and 
powerful spirit, formed the visible universe out of pre-ex- 
istent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns or 
ideas eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he 
considered as being a knowledge of the true nature of 
things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas after which 
all things were fashioned. — Murdoch. 

* PLa'TO-NIST, ? ii. One who professes to be a follower 
PLa'TO-NiZ-ER, > of Plato, and to philosophize as he did. 
PLa'TO-NiZE, v. i. To adopt the views of the Platonic 

school. 

PLa'TO-NiZE, v. t. To explain on the principles of the 
Platonic jchool, or to accommodate to those principles. 

PLa'TO-NiZ£D, pp. Conformed to the views of Plato- 
nists. — Enfield. 

PLa'TO-NiZ-ING, ppr. or a. Adopting the views of the Pla- 
tonists. 

PLA-TOON', n. [Fr. peloton.] Formerly, a small body of sol- 
diers or musketeers, drawn out of a battalion of foot when 
they form a hollow square, to strengthen the angles. — In 
present usage, two files forming a subdivision of a com- 
pany. 

PLATTER, n. LA large shallow dish for holding the pro- 
visions of a table. 2. One who plats or forms by weaving. 
See Plat. 



PLATTER-FaCATJ (-faste), a. Having a broad face. 

PLATTING, ppr. Weaving ; forming by texture. 

PLATTING, n. Slips of bast, cane, straw, &c, woven or 
plaited for making into hats, &c.—M'Ctilloch. 

PLATT-PUS, n. [Gr. irXarvs and rrovS-] A name given Vo 
two quadrupeds of New Holland, of the genus ornitho 
rhynchus, having a body flattened like that of the otter 
and covered with hair, a bill like a duck, and webbed 
feet, with a venomous spur on the hinder leg. 

PLAUD'IT, n. [L. plaudo.] Praise bestowed. — Syn. Accla 
mation; shouting; applause; encomium; commendation, 
approbation. 

PLAUDTT-O-RY, a. Applauding ; commanding. 

PLAUS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Speciousness ; superficial appear 
ance of right. — Swift. 

PLAUS'I-BLE, a. [L. plausibilis.] 1. That may be applaud 
ed ; that may gain favor or approbation ; hence, superfi- 
cially pleasing; apparently right ; specious; popular. 3. 
Using specious arguments or discourse. 

PLAUS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Speciousness ; show of right or 
propriety. — Sanderson. 

PLAUS'I-BLY, adv. With fair show ; speciously ; in a man- 
ner adapted to gain favor or approbation. 

PLAU'Sl VE, a. ] . Applauding ; manifesting praise. 2. Plaus- 
ible.— Shak. 

PLaY, v. i. [Sax. plegan, plegian.] 1. To use any exercise 
for pleasure or recreation ; to do something not as a task 
or for profit, but for amusement. 2. To sport ; to frolic ; 
to frisk. 3. To toy ; to act with levity. 4. To trifie ; to 
act wantonly and thoughtlessly. 5. To do something fan- 
ciful ; to give a fanciful turn to ; as, to play upon a word. 
6. To make sport or practice sarcastic merriment ; as, to 
play upon one. — Pope. 7. To mock ; to practice illusion. 
8. To contend in a game. 9. To practice a trick or de- 
ception. 10. To perform on an instrument of music. 11. 
To move, or to move with alternate dilatation and con- 
traction, as the lungs. 12. To operate ; to act, as a ma 
chine. 13. To move irregularly ; to wanton ; as, sedges 
play with wind. — Shak. 14. To act a part on the stage ; 
to personate a character. 15. To represent a standing 
character. 16. To act in any particular character. 17. 
To move in any manner ; to move one way and another, 
as a wheel or piston. 18. To gamble. 

PLaY, v. t. 1. To put in action or motion. 2. To use an 
instrument of music. 3. To act a sportive part or charac- 
ter. 4. To act or perform by representing a character. 
5. To act ; to perform, as one's part in life. 6. To per- 
form in contest for amusement or for a prize. — To play 
off, to display; to show ; to put in exercise. — To play on 
or upon. 1. To deceive ; to mock or to trifle with. 2. To 
give a fanciful turn to. 

PLaY, n. 1. Any exercise or series of actions intended for 
pleasure, amusement, or diversion, as cricket^ or quoit, or 
blindman's-bufl". 2. Amusement ; sport ; frolic ; gam 
bols. 3. Game ; gaming ; practice of contending for vic- 
tory, for amusement, or for a prize. 4. Practice in any 
contest. 5. Action; use; employment; office; as, to 
come in play. 6. Practice ; action ; manner of acting in 
contest or negotiation ; as, fair play. 7. A dramatic com- 
position ; a comedy or tragedy ; a composition in which 
characters are represented by dialogue and action. 8. 
Representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy. F9. 
Performance on an instrument of music. 10. Motion ; 
movement, regular or irregular. 11. State of agitation or 
discussion. 12. Room for motion. 13. Liberty of acting , 
room for enlargement or display; scope.— Play of colors, 
an appearance of several prismatic colors in rapid suc- 
cession on turning an object, as a diamond. 

PLaY'-BILL, n. A printed advertisement of a play, with 
the parts assigned to the actors. 

PLaY'-BOOK, n. A book of dramatic compositions. 

PLaY'-DaY, n. A day given to play or diversion; a da 
exempt from work. 

PLaY'-DEBT (pla'-det), n. A debt contracted by gaming. 

PLaY'-FEL-LoW, n. A companion in 



amusements 



IPLaY'-FeRE, n. [play and fere. See Fere.] Aplay-fellow 

PLaY'-GaME, ii. Play of children.— Locke. 

PLaY'-Go-ER, n. One who frequents plays. 

PL aY'-Go-ING, a. Frequenting the exhibitions of the stage 

PLaY'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated to the exhibition 
of dramatic compositions ; a theatre. — Pope. 

t PLaY'-PLeAS-URE (-plezh'ur), n. Idle amusement 

PLaYjED, pp. Acted ; performed ; put in motion. 

PLaY'ER, n. 1. One who plays in any game or sport. 2. 
An idler.— Shak. 3. An actor or performer of dramatic 
scenes. 4. A mimic— Dryden. 5. One who performs on 
an instrument of music. 6. A gamester. 7. One who 
acts a part in a certain manner. _ 

PLaY'FUL, a. 1. Sportive ; given to levity. 2. Indulging 
a sportive fancy. 

PLIY'FUL-LY, adv. In a sportive manner. 

PLaY'FUL-NESS, n. Sportiveness. 



Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, B< )OK 



PLE 



7M 



PLE 



PLaY'ING, n. The act of playing, particularly of perform- 
ing on an instrument of music. 

PLa Y'ING, ppr. Acting ; performing ; sporting. 

PLaY'MaTE, n. A play -fellow; a companion in diversions. 
— More. 

PLaY'S6ME (pla'sum), a. Playful ; wanton.— Shelton. 

PLaY'SOME-NESS, n. Playfulness ; wantonness. 

PLaY'THING, n. A toy ; any thing that serves to amuse. 

PLIY'WRlGHT (-rite), n. A maker of plays.— Pope. 

PLEA (plee), n. [Norm, plait, plet, plaid, pie ; Fr. plaidoyer.] 
1. In law, that which is alleged by a party in support of his 
demand ; but. in a more limited and technical sense, the an- 
swer of the defendant to the plaintiff's declaration and de- 
mand. 2. A cause in court ; a lawsuit, or a criminal pro- 
cess ; as, court of common pleas. — Laws of Mass. 3. 
That which is alleged in defense or justification ; an ex- 
cuse ; an apology. 4. Urgent prayer or entreaty. 

fPLEACH, v. t. [Fr. plisser.) To bend; to interweave 
branches of trees. 

PLEAD, v. i. [Fr. plaider.] 1. In a general sense, to argue 
or reason in support of a claim, or in defense against the 
claim of another.— 2. In la?o, to present an answer to the 
declaration of a plaintiff. 3. To urge reasons for or against ; 
to attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication. 
4. To supplicate with earnestness. 5. To urge ; to press 
by operating on the passions. 

POeAD, v. t. 1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to main- 
tain by arguments or reasons offered to the tribunal or 
person who has the power of determining ; to argue. 2. 
To allege or adduce in proof, support, or "vindication. 3. 
To offer in excuse. 4. To allege and offer in a legal plea or 
defense, or for repelling a demand in law. — 5. In Scripture, 
to plead the cause of the righteous, as God, is to vindicate 
them against enemies. 

I'liEAD'A-BLE, a. That may be pleaded ; that may be al- 
leged in proof, defense, or vindication. — Dryden. 

PLeAD'ED, pp. Offered or urged in defense ; alleged in 
pr iof or support. 

f LeAD'ER, n. [Fr. plaideur.] 1. One who argues in a court 
of justice.— Stoift. 2. One who forms pleas or pleadings. 
3. One who offers reasons for or against ; one who at- 
tempts to maintain by arguments. 

PLEADING, ppr. Offering in defense ; supporting by ar- 
guments or reasons ; supplicating. 

PLeADTNG, n. The act of supporting by arguments, or of 
reasoning to persuade. 

PLeAD'ING-LY, adv. By pleading. 

PLeADTNGS, n. pi. In law, the mutual altercations be- 
tween the plaintiff* and defendant, or written statements 
of the parties in support of their claims. 

IPLeAS'ANCE (plez'anse), n. [Fr. plaisance.) Gayety ; 
pleasantly ; merriment. — Spenser. 

PLeAS'ANT (plez'ant), a. [Fr. plaisant.] 1. Affording grat- 
ification to the mind or senses. 2. Contributing to enjoy- 
ment, as society. 3. Characterized by sport or humcr ; 
as, a pleasant fellow. 4. Trilling ; adapted rather to mirth 
than use. 5. Giving pleasure.— Syn. Pleasing; gratifying; 
agreeable ; cheerful ; good-humored ; enlivening ; gay ; 
lively ; merry ; sportive ; humorous ; jocose ; amusing ; 
witty. 

PLEAS'ANT-T6NGU£D (plez'ant-tungd), a. Having pleas- 
ing speech. 

PLeAS'ANT-LY (plez'ant-ly), adv. 1. In such a manner as 
to please or gratify. 2. Gayly ; merrily ; in good humor. 
3. Lightly ; ludicrously. 

PLeAS'ANT-NESS (plez'ant-nes), n. 1. State of being pleas- 
ant or agreeable. 2. Cheerfulness ; gayety ; merriment. 

PLeAS'ANT-RY (plez'ant-ry), n. [Fr. plaisanterie.] 1. Gay- 
ety ; merriment. 2. Sprightly saying ; lively talk ; effu- 
sion of humor. 

PLEASE (pleez), v. t. [Fr. plaire, plaisant ; L.placco.) 1. To 
excite agreeable sensations or emotions in ; to gratify. — 
Pope. 2. To satisfy ; to content. 3. To prefer ; to have 
satisfaction in ; to like ; to choose. 

PLeASE, v. i. 1. To like ; to choose ; to prefer. 2. To 
condescend ; to comply ; to be pleased. [A word of cere- 
mony.] 

PLEASED (pleezd), pp. or a. Gratified ; affected with agree- 
able sensations or emotions. 

f PLeAS'ED-LY, adv. In a way to be pleased. — Feltham. 

PLEAS'ED-NESS, n. The 3tate of being pleased.— J. Ed- 



PLSASE'MAN, n. An officious person who courts favor 

servilely ; a pickthank. — Shah. 
PLEAS ER, n. One who pleases or gratifies ; one who 

courts favor by humoring or flattering compliances, or a 

show of obedience. 
PLEASING, ppr. Gratifying ; exciting agreeable sensations 

or emotions in. 
PLeAS'ING, a. 1. Giving pleasure or gratification to the 

senses or to the mind. 2. Gaining approbation. — Syn. 

Agreeable; gratifying; pleasant; grateful; pleasurable; 

acceptable. 



PLEAS'ING, n. The act of gratifying. 

PLeAS'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner as to give pleasuru 

PLeAS'ING-NESS, n. The quality of sriving pleasure. 

PLSAS'UR A-BLE (plezh'ur-a-bl), a. Pleasing ; giving pleas- 
ure ; affording gratification. — Bacon. 

PLeAS'IJR-A-BLE-NESS, n. Thr quality of giving pleasure. 

PLF.ASTJR-A-BLY, adv. With p.easure ; with gratification 
of the senses or the mind. — Harris. 

PLeAS'URE (plezh'ur), n. [Fr. plaisir.] 1. The trratifieation 
of the senses or of the mind ; agreeable sensations or emo- 
tions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by 
the attainment or the expectation of good ; opposed to 
pain. 2. Sensual or sexual gratification. 3. Approbation. 
4. What the will dictates or prefers. 5. A favor ; that 
which pleases.— Acts, xxv., 9. 6. Arbitrary determination- 
— Syn. Enjoyment ; satisfaction ; comfort ; solace ; joy ; 
gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose, 
intention ; command. 

PLeAS'URE (plezh'ur), v. t. To give or afford pleasure to , 
to please ; to gratify. — Shak. 

PLeAS'URE-BoAT, n. A boat appropriated to sailing for 
amusement. 

PLeAS'URE-CAR'RIAgE, n. A carriaae for pleasure. 

PLEAS'URE-GROUND, n. Ground laid out in an orna- 
mental manner and appropriated to amusement. 

PLeAS'URE-FUL, a. Pleasant ; agreeable.— Abbot. [Rare.] 

PLeAS'UR-IST, n. A person devoted to worldly pleasure. 
— Brown. [Little used.] 

PLE-Be'IAN (ple-be'yan), a. [It. plcbeio ; L. plebcius.] 1. 
Pertaining to the common people ; vulgar. 2. Consisting 
of common people. 

PLE-Be'IAN, n. One of the common people or lower ranks 
of men. — Swift. [Usually applied to the common people of 
ancient Rome.] 

tPLE-BElANCE, n. The common people. 

PLE-Be'IAN-ISM, n. The conduct of plebeians. 

PLEC'TOG-NaTHES, \n. pi. [Gr. ttA^w and yvados.] An 

PLE€-TOG'NA-THl, J order of fishes having the cheek 
bones immovably united with the jaws, as the file-fish. 

PLEC-TOG-NATH'IG, a. Pertaining to the plectognathes. 

PLECTRUM, n. [L.] A small instrument, commonly of 
ivory, with which the ancients struck the lyre. 

PLEDGE (plej), n. [Fr. pleige ; "Norm. plegg.] 1. Something 
put in pawn ; that which is deposited with another as se- 
curity for the payment of a debt or performance of a con- 
tract ; a pawn, deposit, or earnest. 2. Any thing given or 
considered as a security for the performance of an act. 3. 
A surety ; a hostage. Dryden. — 4. In law, a gage or secu- 
rity, real or personal, given for the repayment of money. 
— 5. In law, bail ; surety given for the prosecution of a suit, 
or for the appearance of a defendant, or for restoring goods 
taken in distress and replevied. 6. A drinking of health 
to another; see verb, Nos. 5 and 6. — To put in pledge, tc 
pawn. — To hold in pledge, to keep as security. 

PLEDGE, v. t. [Fr. pleiger.] 1. To deposite in pawn or as 
security. 2. To give as a warrant or security ; as, to pledge 
one's faith. 3. To secure by a pledge. — Shak. ; [rare.] 4. 
To engage for by promise or declaration ; as, to pledge the 
performance of a thing. — 5. Formerly, to invite to drink by 
drinking of the cup first, and then handing it to another. 
This was originally a pledge of security against poison 
&c. — 6. In present usage, simply to drink to the health of 
another. 7. To engage by promise or declaration. 

PLEDGED, pp. or a. Deposited as security ; given in war- 
rant. 

PLEDGEE', to. The person to whom any thing is pledged. 

PLEDG'ER, it. 1. One who pledges or pawns any thing ; 
one who warrants or secures. 2. One who invites anoth- 
er to drink by drinking first ; one who drinks to the health 
of another. 

t PLEDG'ER- Y, n. A pledging; suretiship.— Encyc. 

PLEDG'ET, n. In surgery, a compress, or small, fiat tent ot 
lint, laid over a wound to imbibe the matter discharged 
and keep it clean. 

PLEDGING, ppr. Depositing in pawn or as security ; giv- 
ing as a warrant ; drinking a health. 

* PLe'IADS (ple'yadz), ln.pl. [L.pleiades ; Gr. Estates.] 
PLeIA-DeS (ple'ya-dez), > In astronomy, the seven stars 

situated in the neck of the constellation Taurus. [Pleiad 
in the singular, is sometimes used.] 
t PLE'NAL, a. Full. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

* PLE'NA-RI-LY, adv. Fully ; completely.— Ayliffc. 
*PLE'NA-RI-NESS, to. Fullness; completeness. 
PLEN'AR-TY, n. The state of a benefice when occupied. 

* PLe'NA-RY, a. [L.plcnus; Fr.plcin; It. plenario.] Full 

entire ; complete, as an indulgence. — Encyc. 

* t PLe'NA-RY, n. Decisive procedure. — Ayliffc. 
PLEN-I-Lu'NAR. a. Pertaining to the full moon. 
PLEN-I-L€'NA-RY, a. Relating to the full moon. 
tPLEN'I-LUNE, n. [L. plcnilunium.] The lull moon.— Ben 

Jon son. 
PLE-NIP'O-TENCE, n. [L. plcnns and potcntia.] Fullness 
or completeness of power. — Milton. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VI"C10US.-€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CHasSH' TH as in this, t Obsolete 



PLI 



752 



PLO 



PLE-NIP'O-TENT, a. [L. plenipotens.] 
er. — Milton. 

PLEN-I-PO-TENTIA-RY, n. [Fr. plenipotentiaire.] A per- 
son invested with full power to transact any business; 
usually, an embassador or envoy to a foreign court fur- 
nished with full power. 

PLEN-I-PO-TENTIA-RY, a. Containing full power. 

f-PLEN'ISH, for replenish. 

PLe'NIST, n. [L. plenus.] One who maintains that all space 
is full of matter. — Boijle. 

PLEN'I-TUDE, n. [L. plenitude-.] 1. Fullness. 2. Reple- 
tion; animal fullness ; plethora; redundancy of blood and 
humors in the animal body. — Encyc. 3. Fullness ; com- 
plete competence ; abundance ; exuberance. 4. Com- 
pleteness. 

' PLENTE-OUS, a. 1. Sufficient for every purpose. 2. 
Yielding abundance. 3. Having an abundance. 4. Pos- 
sessing in abundance and ready to bestow liberally. Ps. 
Ixxxvi. — Syn. Plentiful ; copious ; abundant ; ample ; full ; 
fruitful. 

* PLEN'TE-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance ; copiously ; plen- 
tifully. — Milton. 

" PLENTE-OUS-NESS, n. Abundance ; copious supply ; 
plenty. 

PLENTI-FUL, a. 1. Abundant ; adequate to every purpose. 
2. Yielding abundant crops ; affording a full supply. — Syn. 
Copious ; plenteous ; ample ; exuberant ; fruitful. 

PLENTI-FUL-LY, adv. Copiously ; abundantly ; with am- 
ple supply. — Addison. 

PLENTI-FUL-NESS, n, 1. The state of being plentiful; 
abundance. 2. The quality of affording full supply. 

PLENTY, n. [L. plenus.] 1. Abundance ; copiousness ; 
full or adequate supply. 2. Fruitfulness ; [a poetic use.] 

PLENTY, a. Plentiful ; being in abundance. — Goldsmith. — 
Franklin. 

PLe'NUM, n. [L.] Fullness of matter in space ; opposed to 
vacuum. 

PLe'O-NASM, n. [L. pleonasmvs.] Redundancy of words 
in speaking or writing ; the use of more words to express 
ideas than are necessary. 

PLe'O-NXSTE (-nast), n. [Gr. irXeovaoros.] A variety of 
spinel ; Ceylanite, which see. 

PLE-O-NAS'TIC, \a. Pertaining to pleonasm; partak- 

PLE-0-NASTIC-AL, J ing of pleonasm ; redundant. 

PLE-O-NASTIC-AL-LY, adv. With redundancy of words. 

PLE-ROPH'O-RY, n. [Gr. -rrXrjpotpopia.] Full persuasion or 
confidence. — Hall. [Little used.] 
PLESH, for plash. — Spenser. 

PLE-SI-O-MORPH'ISM, n. [Gr. TrXncioS and ixopcprj.] A 
close, but not exact, resemblance in form. [Applied to 
crystals.] 

PLE-SI-O-MORPH'OUS, a. Having forms which closely 
resemble each other. 

PLE-SI-O-SAU'RUS, n. [Gr. ttXvcioS, next, and aavpos, a liz- 
ard.] A genus of extinct marine animals, allied to the liz- 
ard and crocodile, having the neck very long and the tail 
short ; also written plesiosaur. — Conybeare. 

PLETH'O-RA, n. [Gr. irXr/Owpa, fullness.] In medicine, full- 
ness of blood ; excess of blood ; repletion. — Farr. 

PLETH'O-RIC, a. Having a full habit of body, or the ves- 
sels overcharged with fluids. — Arbulhnot. 

PLETH'O-RY. See Plethora. 

PLETH'RON, > n. [Gr. irXeGpov.] Among the Greeks, a long 

PLETH'RUM, 5 measure of 100 feet ; al 
ure of 10,000 feet— Smith's Diet 

PLEu'RA, n. [Gr.] In anatomy, a thin membrane which 
covers the inside of the thorax, and also invests the lungs. 

PLEu'RI-SY, n. [Gr. -rrXevpiTiS ; Fr. pleuresie.] An inflam- 
mation of the pleura or membrane that covers the inside 
of the thorax. 

PLEURITIC, I a. 1, Pertaining to pleurisy. 2. Dis- 

PLEU-RIT'I€-AL, 5 eased with pleurisy. 

I PLEV'IN, n. [Old Fr.] A warrant of assurance. 

PLEX'I-FORM, a. [L. plexus and form.] In the form of 
net- work ; complicated. — Quincy. 

PLEX'US, n. [L.] Any union of vessels, nerves, or fibres 
in the form of net-work. — Coxe. 

PLl-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of bending or yielding to 
pressure or force without rupture ; flexibility ; pliable- 
ness. 

PLl'A BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Easy to be bent ; that readily yields 
to pressure without rupture. 2. Readily yielding to mor- 
al influence, arguments, persuasion, or discipline. — Syn. 
Pliant ; flexible ; supple ; limber. 

PLi'A-BLE-NESS, n. Flexibility ; the quality of yielding to 
force or to moral influence ; pliability. 

PLi'A-BLY, adv. So as to be pliable. 

PLTAN-CY, n. 1. Easiness to be bent ; [in aphysical sense.] 
2._ Readiness to yield to moral influence. 

PLIANT, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be easily bent ; readily 
yielding to force or pressure without breaking. 2. That 
may be easily formed or molded to a different shape. 3. 
Casily yielding to moral influence ; easy to he persuaded. 
'•' • Synopsis. A. V.. I. &.";., Inner. — '(. ft. f. & 



Possessing full pow- | Syn. Flexible; limber; lithe; supple; bending flexible 
ductile ; tractable ; docile ; obsequious. 

PLI'ANT-LY, adv. Flexibly ; tractably. 

PLl'ANT-NESS, n. Flexibility.— -Badori. 

PLl'CA, n. [L.] Trichosis plica, or plica Polonica, is a dis- 
ease of the hair peculiar to Poland and the neighboring 
countries, in which the hair becomes matted together. 

PLI'CATE, I a. [L. plicatus.] Plaited ; folded like a fan 

PLI'Ca-TED. 5 — Lee. 

PLl'GATE-LY, adv. In a plicate or folded manner. 

PLI-Ca'TION, n. [L. plico.] A foldinar or fold. 

* PLIC'A-TURE, n. [L. plicatura.] A fold ; a doubling. 

PLT.ED, pp. Applied to closely ; employed diligently ; urged. 

PLl'ERS, n. pi. [Fr. plier.] A kind of pincers by which any 
email thins: is seized and bent. — Moxon. 

PLl'FORM, a. [Fr.] In the form of a fold. 

PLIGHT (plite), v. t. [Sax. plihtan.] 1. To pledge ; to give 
as security for the performance of some act ; as, to plight 
one's faith, &c. 2. To weave ; to braid ; [obs.] 

PLIGHT (plite). n. 1. Literally, a state of being involved, 
[L. plicatus;] hence, perplexity, predicament, or a dis 
tressed state. 2. Condition ; state ; and, sometimes, good 
case. 3. Pledge ; gage. — Shak. 4. A fold, [L. plica ;] a 
double ; a plait ; [obs.] 5. A garment. — Chapman ; [obs.] 

PLIGHTED (pllt'ed), pp. or a. Pledged. 

PLlGHT'ER (plit'er), n, One who pledges , that which 
plights. 

PLIGHTING (plit'ing),^-. Pledging. 

t PLIM, v. i. To swell.— Grose. 

PLINTH, n. [Gr. ttXivOoc.] In architecture, a flat, square 
member in form of a brick, which serves as the founda- 
tion of a column or pedestal. — In a wall, the term plinth 
is applied to two or three rows of bricks which project 
from the face. — Gwilt. 

PLl'O-CENE, a. [Gr. ttXf.iuv and icnivo;.] In geology, a term 
applied to the most modern tertiary deposits, in which 
most of the fossil shells are of recent species. — Lyell. 

PLOD, v. i. [qu. D. plots.] 1. To travel or work slowly, oi 
with steady, laborious diligence. 2. To study heavily with 
steady diligence. 3. To toil ; to drudge. 

PLOD'DER, n. A dull, heavy, laborious person. — Shak. 

PLOD'DING, ppr. 1. Traveling or laboring with slow move 
ment and steady diligence ; studying closely but heavily 
2. a. Diligent, but slow in contrivance or execution. 

PLOD'DING, n. Slow movement or study, with steadiness 
or persevering industry. — Prideaux. 

PLOD'DING-LY, adv. With slow and steady progress. 

PLOT, n. [a different orthography of plat.] 1. A plat or 
small extent of ground. 2. A plantation laid out. 3. A 
plan or scheme. — 4. In surveying, a plan or draught of a 
field or piece of land, works, &c., surveyed and delineated 
on paper. 

PLOT, v. t. To make a plan of; to delineate. — Carew. 

PLOT, 72. 1. Any scheme or plan of a complicated nature, 
or consisting of many parts, adapted to the accomplish- 
ment of some purpose, usually a mischievous one. — 2. In 
dramatic writings, the knot or story of a play, comprising 
a complication of incidents which are at last unfolded by 
unexpected means. 3. Deep reach of thought; ability to 
plot. — Syn. Intrigue ; stratagem ; conspiracy ; cabal ; com- 
bination; contrivance. 

PLOT, v. i. 1. To form a scheme of mischief against anoth- 
er, or against a government or those who administer it 
2. To contrive a plan ; to scheme. — Wotton. 

PLOT, v. t. To plan ; to devise ; to contrive.— Dry den. 

PLOT'FUL, a. Abounding with plots. 

PLOTTED, £>p. Contrived; planned; delineated. 

PLOTTER, n. 1. One who plots or contrives ; a contriver 
— Shak. 2. A conspirator. — Dryden. 

PLOTTING, ppr. Contriving ; planning ; forming an evil 
design ; delineating. 

PLOTTING, n. 1. The act of contriving or forming schemes , 
2. The act of laying down a survey. 

PLOTTING-SCILE, n, A mathematical instrument used 
in plotting, or setting off the lengths of lines in surveying. 

PLOUGH (plou). See Plow. 

PLOVER (pluv'er), n. [Fr. pluvier.] The common name ol 
several species of birds that frequent the banks of rivers 
and the sea shore. Their flesh is excellent food. 

PLOW \ (plou), n. [Norm., Sax. ploge ; D. ploeg ; Dan. 

PLOUGH 5 ploug, plov ; Ice. plog ; Scot, pleuch, pleugh.] 
1. In agriculture, an instrument for turning up, breaking, 
and preparing the ground for receiving the seed. — 2. Fig 
uratively, tillage ; culture of the earth ; agriculture. 3. A 
joiner's instrument for grooving. [Plow is the spelling of 
the English Bible, and is preferable, as more naturally rep 
resenting the sound.] 

PLOW, ^\v. t. 1. To trench and turn up with a plow. 2 

PLOUGH, 5 To furrow ; to divide ; to run through in sail 
ing ; as, to plow the seas. 3. To tear ; to furrow Shak.— 
4. In Scripture, to labor in any calling.— To plow in, to force 
into the ground by plowing, as grass or grain.— To plow vj. 
or out, to bring to view by the plow, as a stone. 
FA|T'7^\t7^-PREY;— AL^'NETbTrD :— Mi)VK, BOOK" 



a square meas- 



PLU 



7*3 



PLU 



The hind part of a plow. 



PLOW- ALMS / (-amz), n. A penny formerly paid by ev- 

PLOUGH'-XLMS > ery plow-land to the Church.— Cowel. 

PLOW'-BoTE, > n. In English law, wood or timber al- 

PLOUGH'-BoTE, 3 lowed to a tenant for the repair of in- 
struments of husbandry. 

PLOW-BOY, \ n. A boy who drives or guides a team in 

PLOUGH'-BOY, J plowing; a rustic boy.— Watts. 

PLOW-LAND, ? n. Land that is plowed, or suitable for 

PLOUGH'-LAND, 5 tillage. 

PLOW-MONDAY >(-mun-de), n. The Monday after 

PLOUGH'-MdN-DAY j Twelfth-Jay. 

PLOW-SHaRE, I n. The part of a plow which cuts the 

PLOUGH'-SHIRE, > ground at the bottom of the furrow, 
and raises the slice to the mold-board, which turns it over. 

PLOW-TAIL, 

PLOUGH'-TaIL, 

pl8ugh'a L b E le, } «■ That ma y be P lowed ; arable - 

PLOWED, }pp. or a. Turned up with a plow ; fur- 
PLOUGHED, 5 rowed. 

plqtoher } n - 0ne who plows land ' a cultiTat:or - 

PLOWING, ' ) ppr. Turning up with a plow ; furrow- 

PLOUGH'ING, j ing. 

PLOWING, \n. The operation of turning up ground 

PLOUGHING, I with a plow. 

PLOWMAN, \n. 1. One who plows or holds a plow. 

PLOUGH'MAN, $ 2. A cultivator of grain ; a husbandman. 
— Temple. 3. A rustic ; a countryman ; a hardy laborer. 
— Shah. 

PLUCK, v. t. [Sax. pluccian : G.pfliicken; D.plnMen; Dan. 
plukker ; Fr. eplucher.] 1. To pull with sudden force or 
effect, or to pull off, out, or from, with a twitch. 2. To 
strip by plucking ; as, to pluck a fowl. — To pluck up, to 
arouse courage or spirit. — Knolles ; [inelegant.] 

PLUCK 71. 1- The heart, liver, and lights of an animal. — 2. 
In low figurative language, courage. — Smart. 

PLUCKED (plukt), pp. or a. Pulled off; stripped of feath- 
ers or hair. 2. A cant term at the English universities, 
applied to those who, for want of scholarship, are refused 
their testimonials for a degree. — Oxford Guide. 

PLUCK'ER. n. One who plucks. — Mortimer. 

PLUCKING, ppr. Pulling off; stripping. 

PLUG, n. [D.plug.] A stopple; any piece of pointed wood 
or other substance used to stop a hole, but larger than a 
peg or spile. 

PLUG, v. t. To stop with a plug ; to make tight by stopping 
a hole. 

PLUG'GING, ppr. Stopping or closing with a plug. 

PLUG'GING, n. A stopping or closing with a plug. 

PLUM, n. [Sax. plume.] 1. The well-known edible fruit of 
a tree belonging to the genus primus. 2. A grape dried 
in the sun ; a raisin. 3. The sum of £100.000 sterling ; 
[England.] 4. A kind of play. — Ainsworth. 

PLUM'-CaKE, n. Cake containing raisins, currants, or 
other fruit. 

PLUM'-PlE, n. A pie containing plums. 

PLUM -PORRIDGE, n. Porridge with plums.— A ddi son. 

PLUM-PUDDING, n. Pudding containing raisins or cur- 
rants. 

PLUM'-TREE, n. A tree that produces plums. 

PLu'MAdE, n. [Fr.] The feathers that cover a bird. 

PLUMB (plum), n. [Fr.plomb; Sp.plomo.] A mass of lead 
attached to a line, and used to ascertain a perpendicular 
position of buildings and the like. 

PLUMB (plum), a. Perpendicular, that is, standing accord- 
ing to a plumb-line. 

PLUMB (plum), adv. 1. In a perpendicular direction ; in a 
line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Direct- 
ly ; suddenly ; at once , as, to fall plumb ; commonly pro- 
nounced plump. 

PLUMB (plum), v. t. 1. To adjust by a plumb-line ; to set 
in a perpendicular direction. 2. [W. plymiaw.] To sound 
with a plummet, as the depth of water.— Swift ; [little used.] 

PLUMB'-LlNE (plum'-line), n. 1. A line perpendicular to 
the plane of the horizon. 2. A line having a weight at- 
tached to its end, used to determine a pei'pendicular ; a 
plummet._ 

PLUMB'-RuLE (plum'-), n. A narrow board having a 
plumb-line suspended from its top, and a perpendicular 
mark through its middle, used by buildera to determine a 
perpendicular. 

PLUM-BA'dIN, n. A crystallizable substance extracted from 
the root of the plumbago Europcea, or leadwort. 

PLUM-BAg'IN-OUS, a. Resembling plumbago ; consisting 
of plumbago, or partaking of its properties. 

PLUM-Ba'GO, n. [L.] A mineral consisting of carbon, usu- 
ally with a little iron ; used for pencils, &c. ; popularly 
called black-lead. 

PLUM'BE-AN, \a. 1. Consisting of lead ; resembling lead. 
PLUM'BE-OUS, 5 2. Dull ; heavy ; stupid.— J. P. Smith. 
PLUMBED (plumd), pp. Adjusted by a plumb-line. 
PLUMB'ER (plum'mer), n. One who works in lead. 



PLUMB'ER-Y (plum'mer-y), n. 1. Works in lead ; manu 
factures of lead ; the place where lead is wrought. 2. 
The art of casting and working lead, or of making sheet* 
and pipes of lead. 

PLUM'BIC, a. Pertaining to or containing lead. 

PLUM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. plumbum and fero.] Producing 
or containing lead. — Kirtcan. 

PLUMB'ING (plum'ming), ppr. Adjusting bv a plumb-line. 

PLUMBING, n. The art of casting and working in lead 
and using it in building. — Gtcilt. 

PLuME, n. [Fr. plume.] 1. The feather of a bird : particu 
iarly, a large feather. 2. A feather worn as an ornament : 
particularly, an ostrich's feather. 3. PriiL- ; 1 iweriBf 
mien. — Shak. 4. Token of honor; prize 01" coi •■ 
Milton. 

PLuME, In. In botany, the ascending scaly part of tbe 

PLu'MULE, 5 heart of a seed, which becomes the stein. 

PLuME, v. t. 1. To pick and adjust plume3 or feathers, St 
To strip of feathers ; as, carnivorous animals will not take 
pains to plume the birds they devour. 3. To strip ; to 
peel.— Bacon. 4. To set as a plume ; to set erect. 5. To 
adorn with feathers or plumes. — Shak. 6. To pride ; tc 
value ; to boast ; as, to plume one's self. 

PLuME-AL'UM, n. [L. alumen plumosum] Feathery or 
fibrous alum. 

PLuME'LESS, a. Without feathers or plumes. 

PLuME'LET, n. 1. A small plume.— Kirby. 2. A little plu- 
mule. 

PLU-MI6'ER-OU8, a. [L. pluma and gcrc] Feathered; 
having feathers. 

PLU-MIL'I-FORM, a. Having the shape of a plume or feath- 
er. — Dana. 

PLu'MI-PED, a. Having feet covered with feathers. 

PLu'MI-PED, n. [L. pluma and pes.] A bird that has feath- 
ers on its feet. — Diet. 

PLUM'MET, n. [Sp. plomada.] 1. A long piece of lead at- 
tached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. 2. 
An instrument used by carpenters, masons, <fec, in adjust 
ing erections to a perpendicular line, and, with a square 
to determine a horizontal line. [It is usually a piece o< 
lead at the end of a string.] 3. Any weight. 4. A piece 
of lead used by school-boys to rule their paper for writing. 

PLUM'MING, n. Among miners, the operation of sounding 
or searching to find the place where to sink an air-shaft, &c. 

PLu'MoSE, )a. [L. phemosus.] 1. Feathery; resembling 

PLu'MOUS, ) feathers. — 2. In botany, a plumose bristle v 
one that has hairs growing on the sides of the main bristle. 

PLU-MOS'I-TY, n. The state of having feathers. 

PLUMP, a. [Dan. plomp ; Sw. plump; Tf.plomp; G. plump.] 

1. Full ; swelled with fat or flesh to the full size ; fat': 
having a full skin ; round. 2. Full ; blunt ; unreserved ; 
unqualified, as a lie. 

PLUMP, n. A knot ; a cluster ; a clump ; a number of 
thinsis closely tinited or standing together. — Dryden. 

PLUMP, v. t. 1. To swell ; to extend to fullness ; to dilate ; 
to fatten; [colloquial.] — 2. To plump a vole: see Pliwpeit. 

PLUMP, v. i, [G. plumpen.] 1. To plunge or fall like a hea?3~ 
mafes or lump of dead matter ; to fall suddenly or at once, 

2. To enlarge to fullness ; to be swelled. 

PLUMP, adv. Suddenly ; heavily ; at once, or with a. sud 
den, heavy fall. — Ben Jonson. 

PLUMPED (plumpt), pp. Swelled ; extended in fullness. 

PLUMP'ER, n. 1. Something carried in the mouth to dilatt 
the cheeks ; any thing intended to swell out something 
else. — 2. In English elections, a vote given to one candi- 
date only, when two or more are to be elected, thus £iv 
ing him the advantage over the others. He who gives his 
vote thus is said to plump his vote. — Smart. 3: A full, un 
qualified lie ; [in vulgar use.] 

PLUMP'LY, adv. Fully ; roundly ; without reserve. 

PLUMP'NESS. n. Fullness of skin ; distention to roundness^ 

PLUMP'Y, a. Plump ; fat ; jolly.— Shak. [Not elegant.] 

PLu'MULE, n. [L. plumula.] The ascending scaly part of 
the embi'yo plant, which becomes the stem. 

PLuMT, a. [from plume.] 1. Feathered ; covered with 
feathers. — Milton. 2. Adorned with plumes. 

PLUNDER, v. t. [G. pliindem.] 1. To "take the goods of an 
enemy by open force. 2. To take by pillage or open force. 

3. To take from by robbery.— Syn. To pillage ; spoil j 
despoil ; sack ; rifle ; strip ; rob. 

PLUNDER, n. 1. That which is taken from an enemy by 

force. 2. That which is taken by theft, robbery, or fraud. 

— Stn. Pillage ; prey ; spoil ; rapine ; booty. 
PLUN'DER-A6E, n. In law, the embezzlement of goods on 

board a ship.— Bouvier. 
PLUNDERED, pp. or a. Pillased ; robbed. 
PLUNDER-ER, n. 1. A hostile pillager; a spoiler. 2. A 

thief ; a robber. — Addison. 
PLUNDER-ING, ppr. or a. Pillaging ; robbing. 
PLUN6E, v. t. [Fr. plonger.] 1. To thrust into water or 

other fluid substance, or into any substance that is ^ene- 

trable ; to immerse in a fluid ; to drive into flesh, <fcc. 2. 

To thrust or drive into any state in which the thing is 



DOVE ; 



-BULL, UNITE ;— AN' "5ER VfCIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Bbi 



PLl 



754 



FOC 



considered as enveloped or surrounded ; as, to plunge a 
nation into anarchy. 3. To baptize by immersion. 

PLUNGE, v. i. 1. To pitch; to thrust or drive one's self 
into water or a fluid ; to dive or to rush in. 2. To fall or 
rush into distress, or any state or circumstances in which 
the person or thing is enveloped, inclosed, or overwhelm- 
ed. 3. To pitch or throw one's self headlong, as a horse. 

PLUNGE, n. 1. The act of thrusting into water or any 
penetrable substance. 2. The act of pitching or throwing 
one's uelf headlong, like sz unruly horse. 3. Difficulty ; 
strait ; distress ; a state of being surrounded or over- 
whelmed with difficulties ; as, a plunge of sorrow ; [little 
used.] 

PLUNGED, pp. Thrust into a fluid or other penetrable sub- 
stance ; immersed ; involved in straits. 

PLUN'GEON (-jun), n. A sea fowl, the diver. — Ainsworth. 

PLUNg'ER, n. 1. One who plunges ; a diver. 2. A long 
solid cylinder used as a forcer in pumps. 

PLUNGING, ppr. or a. Immersing ; diving ; rushing head- 
long. — In tear, a plunging- fire is one poured down upon 
an enemy from some eminence above. 

JPLUNG'Y, a. Wet— Chaucer. 

PLUNK'ET, n. A kind of blue color. — Ainsworth. 

r LU-PER'FE€T, a. [L. plus quam perfectum.] The pluper- 
fect tense, in grammar, is the tense which denotes that an 
action or event took place previous to another past action 
or event. 

PLu'RAL, a. [L. pluralis.] 1. Containing more than one ; 
consisting of two or more, or designating two or more. — 
2. In gramma?-, the plural number is that which designates 
more than one. 

PLu'RAL-IST, n. A clerk or clergyman who holds more 
ecclesiastical benefices than one, with cure of souls. 

PLU-RAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. pluralite.] 1. A number consisting 
of two or more of the same kind. 2. A greater number ; 
a state of being or having a greater number. — 3. In elec- 
tions, a plurality of votes is when one candidate has more 
votes than any other, but not a majority over all others. 
— 4. Pluralitij of benefices is where the same clergyman is 
possessed of more benefices than one. Each of these ben- 
efices is then styled a pluralitij. 

PLu'RAL-iZE, v. t. To make plural by using the termina- 
tion of the plural number. 

PLu'RAL-LY, adv. In a sense implying more than one. 

PLu-RI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. plus and litera.) Containing 
more letters than three. 

PLu-PJ-LIT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of more letters 
than three. 

\ PLulil-SY, n. [L. plus, pluris.] Superabundance. 

PLUS. [L. more.] In algebra, a character marked thus, -J-, 
used as the sign of addition. 

PLUSH, n. [G. pliisch.] A species of shaggy cloth or stuff 
with a velvet nap on one side. 

PLUSH'ER, n. A marine fish, somewhat like the dogfish. — 
Carew. 

PLO'TO, n. [L.] In mythology, the god of the infernal re- 
gions. 

PLU-To'NI-AN, a. Plutonic, which see. 

PLU-To'NI-AN, n. One who maintains the origin of mount- 
ains, &c., to be from fire. — Journ. of Science. 

PLU-TON'IG, a. [from Pluto.] Pertaining to or designating 
the system of the Plutonists ; igneous. Kirwan. — Plutonic 
action, in geology, the influence of volcanic heat and other 
subterranean causes under pressure. — Plutonic rocks, 
granite, porphyry, and other igneous rocks, supposed to 
have consolidated from a melted state at a great depth 
from the surface. — Lyell. 
PL,0TO-NISM, n. The doctrines of the Plutonists. 
PLu'TQ-NIST, n. One who adopts the theory of the for- 
mation of the world in its present state from igneous 
fusion. 

PLiJ'VI-OUS \ a ' t L " P luviaiis -] Rainy ; humid. — Brown. 

PLu'VI-AL, n. [Fr. pluvial.] A priest's cope.— Ainsworth. 

PLU-Vl-AM'E-TER, n. [L. pluvia, and Gr. jxtrpov.] A rain- 
gage, an instrument for ascertaining the quantity of water 
that falls in rain, or in rain and snow. 

PLu-VI-A-METRIC-AL, a. Pertaining to a pluviameter ; 
made or ascertained by a pluviameter. 

PLY, v. t. [Fr. plier.] 1. To lay on, to put to or on with 
force and repetition. 2. To employ with diligence ; to 
apply closely and steadily ; to keep busy. 3. To practice 
or perform with diligence, as a task. 4. To urge ; to so- 
licit with pressing or persevering importunity. — Shalt. 5. 
To urge ; to press ; to strain ; to force. 

PLY, v. i. 1. To bend ; to yield. 2. To work steadily. 3. 
To go in haste. 4. To busy one's self; to be steadily em- 
ployed. 5. To endeavor to make progress against the 
wind. 

PLY, n. 1. A fold ; a plait. 2. Bent ; airn ; direction ; bias. 

PLy'ER, n. He or that which plies.— In fortification, plyers 
denotes a kind of balance used in raising and letting down 
a draw-bridge. 



PLY'ING, ppr. Laying on with steadiness or repetition , 

applying closely ; employing ; performing. 
PLY'ING, n. 1. Urgent solicitation.— Hammond. 2. Effor! 

to make way against the wind. 
PNEu-MATTC (nu-mafik\ ) a. [Gr. -nvwuariKos.] 1 

PNEu-MAT'IC-AL (nu-mat'e -fcal), > Consisting of air, as a 
thin compressible substance.— Bacon. 2. Pertaining to 
air, or to the philosophy of its properties. 3. Moved oi 
played by means of air. 

PNEu-MAT'ICS, n. 1. The science of elastic fluids. In 
chemistry, it treats of the peculiar or specific properties of 
the various gases and vapcrs ; in mechanical philosophy, if, 
treats of the motion and pressure of elastic fluids in gen 
eral, but chiefly of air and steam. Olmsted. — 2. In the 
schools, the doctrine of spiritual substances, as God, an- 
gels, and the souls of men. 

PNEu-MATO-CELE (nu-), n. [Gr. irvevi-ia and kvXv.) In 
surgery, a distention of the scrotum by air. 

PNEu-MA-TO-LOg'IC-AL (nu-), a. Pertaining to pneuina 
tology. 

PNEu-MA-TOL'0-GlST, n. One versed in pneumatology. 

PNEu-MA-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. nvev^a and noyo?.] 1. The 
doctrine of the properties of elastic fluids, or of spiritual 
substances. 2. A treatise on elastic fluids, or on spiritual 
substances. 

PNEu-Mo'NI- A, > n. [Gr. -xvevnwv, from Trvew.] In medicine, 

PNEu'MO-N Y, J an inflammation of the lungs. 

PNEu-MON'I-G, a. Pertaining to the lungs ; pulmonic. 

PNEu-MON'IC, n. A medicine for affections- of the lunss 
Coxe. ° ' 

PNEu-MO-NIT'IG, a. Pertaining to pneumonitis. 

PNEu-MO-Nl'TIS, n. Inflammation of the lungs. [This is 
the most correct and appropriate term for this disease.] 

Po'A, n. [Gr. rro«.] In botany, a genus of grasses. 

PoACH, v. t. [Fr. pocher.] 1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking 
them into a vessel of boiling water. They ai-e also often 
broken into a sauce-pan with butter, and constantly stirred 
while over the fire, until cooked. 2. To begin and not 
complete. — Bacon; [obs.] 3. To tread soft ground, or 
snow and water, as cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil or 
soft substance, and leave deep tracks ; [New England. I 
4. To steal game ; properly, to pocket game, or steal it and 
convey it away in a bag ; [England.] 5. To steal ; to 
plunder by stealth. 

PoACH, v.t. [Corn, pokkia.] To stab ; to pierce ; to spear. 
[England.] 

PoACH, v. i. To be trodden with deep tracks, as soft 
ground. — Mortimer. 

PoACH'ARD, > n. The English name of certain species of 

PoCH'ARD, > diving ducks, like the canvass-back duck 
of North America. They are properly fresh-watei ducks, 
but in winter are found on the sea-coast. 

POACHED (pocht), pp. or a. Slightly boiled or softened ; 
trodden with deep footsteps ; stolen. 

PoACH'ER, n. One who steals game. — More. 

PoACH'I-NESS, n. Wetness and softness ; the state of be 
ing easily penetrable by the feet of beasts. 

PoACHTNG, ppr. Boiling slightly ; stealing game. 

PoACH'ING, n. The act or employment of a poacher. 

PoACH'Y, a. Wet and soft; such as the feet of cattle will 
penetrate to some depth, as land. 

POCK, n. [Sax. poc or pocc ; B.pok; G. pocke.] A pustule 
raised on the surface of the body in the variolous and vac- 
cine diseases, named, from the pustules, small-pox. 

POCK-H6LE, n. The pit or scar made by a pock. 

POCK-MARK, n. Mark or scar made by the small-pox. 

t POCK'ARRED, a. See Pockfretten. 

POCK'ET, n. [Fr. pochette.] 1. A small bag inserted in a 
garment for carrying small articles. 2. A small bag or 
net to receive the balls in billiards. 3.' A certain quantity 
as. & pocket of hops, which is about 160 lbs. 

POCK'ET, v. t. 1. To put or conceal in the pocket 2. To 
take clandestinely. — To pocket an insult or affront, to re- 
ceive it without seeking redress ; [in popular use.] 

POCKET-BOOK, n. A small book of paper covered with 
leather ; used for carrying papers in the pocket. 

POCKET-GLASS, n. A portable looking-glass. 

POCK'ET-HoLE, n. The opening into a pocket. 

POCK'ET-LID, n. The flap over the pocket-hole. 

PO€K'ET-M6N-EY (-mun-ne), n. Money for the pocket cr 
for occasional expenses. 

PO€K'ET-ED, pv. Put or concealed in the pocket. 

POCK'ET-ING, ppr. Putting in the pocket 

PO€KTRET-T£N, a. Pitted with the small-pox. 

POCK'I-NESS, n. The state of being pocky. 

POCK'WOOD, n. Lignum-vitae, a very hard wood. 

POCK'Y, a.' 1. Infected with the small-pox; full of pooka. 
2. Vile ; rascally ; mischievous ; contemptible ; [in vulgar 
•] 



PO'-GO. [It] In music, a little. 
PO-€o'SON, 7i. Reclaimed marsh.— Washington, 
ginia.] 
! t POC'U-LENT, a. [L. poculentus.] Fit for drink. 



[Vir 



See Synopsis. I, E. I, &c, long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



P^L 



lob 



POl 



POCU-LI-FORM. a. [h jo'Jwz and forma.} Cup-shaped. 

POD, n. A term apj^led x> the pericarp or seed-vessel of 
certain plante, as pea 1 :, cans, mustard, &c. 

POD, v. t. To swell , tc iill ; also, to produce pods. 

PO-DAG'RI€, la. [L. podagra; Gr. iroSaypa.) 1. Per- 

PO-DAG'RIC-AL, J taining to the gout ; gouty ; partaking 
of the gout. 2. Afflicted with the gout — Brown. 

POD'DED, pp. or a. Having its pods formed ; furnished 
with pods. 

POD'DER, n. A gatherer of pods. 

PO-DESTa, n. One of the chief magistrates of Genoa and 
Venice. — Brande. 

PODGE, n. A puddle ; a plash. — Skinner. 

Po'DI-UM, n. [L.J 1. In architecture, the part of an amphi- 
theatre projecting over the arena. — Brande. 2. Also, a 
balcony or open gallery. — Elmes. 

POD-0-<JYN'I-UM, n. The same as basigynium. 

POD'O-SPERM, n. [Gr. ttouj and airepita.] In botany, the 
little thread connecting an ovule with its placenta. — 
Lindley. 

PO-DRi'DA, n. [Sp.] Olla podrida, a miscellaneous dish of 
meats. _ See Olla Podrida. 

PGE'CIL-lTE, n. A term applied, from its variegated ap- 
pearance, to the new red sandstone. 

P(E-CIL-ITTG, a. [Gr. ttoikiXos-] In geology, an epithet ap- 
plied, from its variegated appearance, to the new red sand- 
stone formation. — Dana. 

POZ-CIL'O-POD, n. [Gr. voiklXoS and -ovg.] A crustaceous 
animal, having various kinds of feet, viz., prehensory, am- 
bulatory, branchial, and natatory. — Kirby. 

Po'EM, n. [L. poema.] 1. A metrical composition ; a com- 
position in which the verses consist of certain measures, 
whether in blank verse or in rhyme. 2. This term is also 
applied to some compositions in which the language is 
Jhat of excited imagination. 

Po'E-SY, n. [Fr. poesie ; L. poesis.] 1. The art or skill of 
composing poems. 2. Poetry ; metrical composition. 3. 
A short conceit engraved on a ring or other thing. — Shak. 

Po'ET, n. [Fr. poete ; L., Sp., It. poeta ; Gr. noinrns-] 1. The 
author of a poem ; the inventor or maker of a metrical 
composition. 2. One skilled in making poetry, or who 
has a particular genius for metrical composition ; one dis- 
tinguished for poetic talents. 

Po'ET-LAU'RE-ATE, n. A poet employed to compose po- 
ems for the birth-days of a prince or other special occasion. 

P5'ET-MU-Sl"CIAN (-mu-zish'an), n. An appellation given 
to the bard and lyrist of former ages, as uniting the pro- 
fessions of poetry and music. 

Po'ET-AS-TER, n. A petty poet ; a pitiful rhymer or writer 
of verses. — Roscommon. 

Po'ET-ESS, n. A female poet.—flaZZ. 

PO-ET'IC, I a. [Gr. noinrtKos ; L.poeticus; Fr. poetique.} 

PO-ETI€-AL, > 1. Pertaining to poetry ; suitable to poet- 
ry. 2. Expressed in poetry or measure. 3. Possessing 
the peculiar beauties of poetry ; sublime. 

PO-ET'IC-AL-LY, adv. With the qualities of poetry ; by the 
art of poetry: by fiction. — Dry den. 

PO-ET'ICS, n. The doctrine of poetry.— Warton. 

Po'ET-lZE, v. i. [Fr. poetiser.] To write as a poet ; to com- 
pose verse. — Donne. 

Po'ET-lZ-ING, ppr. Making poetry. 

Po'ET-RESS, n. A female poet ; a poetess. [Bad.] 

Po'ET-RY, n. [Gr. iroivrpia. ] 1. Metrical composition; 
verse. 2. The art or practice of composing in verse. 3. 
Poems ; poetical composition ; as, to read poetry. 4. This 
term is also applied to the language of excited imagination 
and feeling. 

Po'ET-SHIP, n. The state of a poet 

TOG'GY, n. A salt-water fish, highly esteemed for food ; 
written, also, porgee and porgy, which see. 
POIGN'AN-CY (poin'an-se), n. 1. Sharpness ; the power 
of stimulating the organs of taste. — Swift. 2. Point ; sharp- 
ness ; keenness ; the power of irritation ; asperity, as of 
wit. 3. Severity ; acuteness, as of grief. 
POIGNANT (poin'ant), a. [Fr. poignant.] 1. Sharp ; stim- 
ulating the organs of taste. — Dryden. 2. Pointed ; keen ; 
bitter ; irritating ; satirical. 3. Severe ; piercing ; very 
painful or acute. 

POIGN'ANT-LY (poin'ant-le), adv. In a stimulating, pierc- 
ing, or irritating manner ; with keenness or point 

POI-KIL-ITIC. See PfficrLiTic. 

POINT, n. [Fr. poind ; Sp., It. punto, punta.] 1. The sharp 
end of any instrument or body. Hence, a steel instru- 
ment having a sharp point or end, used by engravers, 
etchers, <fcc. 2. A string with a tag ; as, a silken point. 3. 
A small cape, headland, or promontory; a tract of land 
extending into the sea, a lake, or river, beyond the line of 
the shore, and becoming narrow at the end. 4. The sting 
of an epigram ; a lively turn of thought or expression that 
strikes with force and agreeable surprise. 5. An indivisi- 
ble part of time or space. 6. A small space. 7. Punctilio ; 
nicety ; exactness of ceremony. 8. Place near, next or 
contiguous to ; verge ; eve ; as, at the point of death. 9. 



Exact place. 10. Degree ; state of elevation, depression, 
or extension. 11. A character used to mark the divisions 
of writing, or the pauses to be observed in reading or 
speaking, as the comma, <tc. 12. A spot ; a part of a sur- 
face divided by spots or lines. — 13. In geometry, that which 
has neither parts nor magnitude.— 14. In music, a dot or 
mark anciently used, like a note, to distinguish tones oi 
sounds. — 15. In modern music, a dot placed at the right 
hand of a note to raise its value or prolong its time by one 
half. — 16. In astronomy, a division of the great circles of 
the horizon and of the mariner's compass. — 17. In astron- 
omy, a certain place marked in the heavens, or distinguish 
ed for its importance in astronomical calculations. The 
zenith and nadir are called vertical points. — 18. In perspect 
ive, a certain pole or place with regard to the perspective 
plane. — 19. In manufactories, a lace or work wrought by 
the needle. 20. The place to which any thing is directed, 
or the direction in which an object is presented to the 
eye. 21. Particular ; single thing or subject. 22. Aim ; 
purpose ; thing to be reached or accomplished. 23. The 
act of aiming or striking. — Skak. 24. A single position; a 
single assertion ; a single part of a complicated question 
or of a whole ; as, to prove the point. 25. A note or tune : 
as, a point of war. Shak. — 26. In heraldry, points are the 
several different parts of the escutcheon, denoting the 
local positions of figures. — 27. In electricity, the acute term- 
ination of a body which facilitates the passage of the riuid 
to or from the body. — 28. In gunnery, point-blank shot de- 
notes the shot of a gun leveled horizontally. — 29. In ma- 
rine language, points are flat pieces of braided cordage, 
tapering from the middle toward each end. — Point devise, 
[Fr.] originally, a particular sort of patterned lace, or a 
device worked with a point or needle ; hence, s jmething 
uncommonly nice and exact; also spelled pcht device; 
exactly in the point of view. Shak. — Vowel-j"<>~.is, in the 
Shemitic languages, certain marks or signs to represent 
vowels, placed above or below, or after the teeters which 
represent consonants. — The point, the subject ; the main 
question ; the precise thing to be considered ; as, a speech 
to the point. 
POINT, v. t. 1. To sharpen ; to cut. forge, grind, or file to 
an acute end. 2. To direct toward an object or place, to 
show its position, or excite attention to it. 3. To direct 
the eye or notice. 4. To aim ; to direct toward an object. 

5. To mark with characters for the purpose of distinguish- 
ing the members of a sentence, and designating the pauses. 

6. To mark with vowel-points. 7. To appoint. — Spenser; 
[obs.] 8. To fill the joints of with mortar, and smooth 
them with the point of a trowel. — To point out, to show 
by the finger or by other means. — To point a rope, to cause 
it to taper at the end, as by taking out a few of its yarns, 
and with these working a mat over it, so that it may pass 
easily through a hole.— To point a sail, to affix points 
through the eyelet-holes of the reefs. — To point the yards 
of a vessel, to brace them so that the wind shall strike them 
obliquely. 

POINT, v. i. 1. To direct the finger for designating an ob- 
ject and exciting attention to it. 2. To indicate, as dogs 
do to sportsmen. 3. To show distinctly by any means. 
4. To fill the joints or crevices of a wall with mortar. — To 
point at, to treat with scorn or contempt, by pointing or 
directing attention to. 

POINT-BLANK, a. [Fr.] 1. In gunnery, having a horizon- 
tal direction ; as, a point-blank shot. Hence," 2. Direct ; 
as, a point-blank denial. 3. adv. Horizontally; directly. 

POINTAL, n. In botany, the pistil of a plant 

POINT D'-4P'PZ7/(pwadap'pue). [Fr.] Point of support ; 
base; a fixed point at which troops form, and on which 
operations rest. 

POINTED, pp. or a. 1. Sharpened ; formed to a point ; 
directed ; aimed ; marked with points ; filled with mortar, 
as crevices. 2. Aimed at a particular person or transac- 
tion. 3. a. Sharp ; having a sharp point 4. Character- 
ized by keenness or epigrammatical smartness, as rebuke. 

POINTED-LY, adv. 1. In a pointed manner; with lively 
turns of thought or expression. 2. With direct assertion ; 
with direct reference to a subject ; with explicitness. 

POINT'ED-NESS, n. 1. Sharpness ; pickedness with asper- 
ity. 2. Epigrammatic al keenness or smartness. 

POINTEL, n. 1. Something on a point 2. A kind of pen- 
cil or style. — Wicklijfe. 

POINT'ER, n. 1. Any thing that points. 2. The hand of a 
time-piece. 3. A variety of dog trained to stop and point 
out the game to sportsmen. 

POINTING, ppr. 1. Directing the finger ; showing ; directs 
ing. 2. Marking with points, as a writing. 3. Filling the 
joints and crevices of a wall with mortar or cement 

POINTING, n. 1. The art of making the divisions of a 
writing ; punctuation. 2. The state of being pointed with 
marks, or of having points. 3. The act of filling the crev- 
ices of a wall with mortar, &c. ; or the material with 
which they are filled. 

POINTING-STOCK, n. An object of ridicule or scorn 



DAVE ;— BULL, 3 VITE ;— AN"GER Vl'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S ae Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



POL 



756 



POL 



POINTLESS, a. 1. Having no point. 2. Having no smart- 
ness or keenness. — Syn. Blunt ; obtuse ; dull ; stupid. 
POISE (poiz), n. [W. ptcys ; Arm. poes ; Fr. poids.] 1. 
Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend 
or tend to the center. 2. The weight or mass of metal 
used in weighing with steelyards, to balance the substance 
weighed. 3. Balance ; equilibrium ; a state in which 
things are balanced by equal weight or power ; equipoise. 
4. A regulating power ; that which balances. 
POISE (poiz), v. t. [ W. pwysaw.) 1. To balance in weight ; 
to make of equal weight. 2. To hold or place in equi- 
librium or equiponderance. 3. To load with weight for 
balancing. 4. To examine or ascertain, as by the balance ; 
to weigh. 5. To oppress ; to weigh down. — Shak. 
POISED (poizd), pp. Balanced; made equal in weight; 

resting in equilibrium. 
POISING, ppr. Balancing. 

POIS'ON (poiz'n), n. [Fr. poison.] 1. Any agent capable 
of producing a morbid, noxious, or dangerous effect upon 
any thing endowed with life. 2. Any thing infectious or 
malignant. 3. That which taints or destroys moral purity 
or health. 
POIS'ON, v. t. 1. To infect with any thing fatal to life. 2. 
To attack, injure, or kill by poison. 3. To taint ; to mar ; 
to impair, as one's enjoyment. 4. To corrupt, as the 
morals. 
POIS'ON-TREE, n. A tree that poisons ; especially, the 

bohun upas of Java, &c. 
f POIS'ON-A-BLE, a. That can be poisoned. 
POIS'ONUD, pp. or a. Infected or destroyed by poison. 
POIS'ON-ER, n. One who poisons or corrupts ; that which 

corrupts. 
I POIS'ON-FUL, a. Replete with poison.— Dr. White. 
POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Infecting with poison ; corrupting. 
POIS'ON-OUS, a. Having the qualities of poison ; corrupt- 
ing ; impairing soundness or purity. 
POIS'ON-OUS-LY, adv. With fatal or injurious effects. 
POIS'ON-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fatal or in- 
jurious to health and soundness. 
POI'TREL, n. [Fr. poitrail.) 1. Armor for the breast of a 

horse. 2. [qu. pointel.] A graving tool. — Ainsworth. 
POIZE, an old spelling of poise. See Poise. 
PoKE, n. [Sax. pocca, poha ; Fr. pocJie.] A pocket ; a small 

bag ; as, a pig in a poke. — Camden. 
t'oKE, v. t. [Corn, pokkia.] 1. Properly, to thrust ; to push 
against with any thing pointed ; hence, to feel or search 
for with a long instrument. 2. To thrust at with the 
horns, as an ox. 
PoKE, v. i. To grope, as in the dark. Prior. — To poke at, 

to make a thrust at with the horns. 
POKE, n. In New England, a machine to prevent unruly 

beasts from leaping or breaking through fences. 
POKE. v. t. To put a poke on. [New England.) 
PoKE, In. The popular name of a tall North 

P5KE'-WEED, 3 American herb, the phytolacca decandra, 
also called cocum, bearing berries which yield a dark-pur- 
ple juice. 
PoK'ER, n. An iron bar used in stirring the fire when coal 

is used for fuel. — Swift. 
PoK'ER, n. [Dan. pokker.] Any frightful object, especially 
in the dark ; a bugbear. [A word in vulgar use in Amer- 
ica. Hence has been formed the adjective pokerish.] 
P5KTNG, ppr. Feeling in the dark ; stirring with a poker ; 

thrusting at with the horns ; putting a poke on. 
POKING, a. Drudging ; servile.— Gray. [Colloquial] 
P5KTNG-STICK, n. An instrument formerly used in ad- 
justing the plaits of ruffs then worn. — Shak. 
PO-LAC'CA, ) 7i. [Sp. polacre; Fr. polacre, polaque.] A ves- 
PO-LX/CRE, 5 sel with three masts, each of one piece, so 
that they have neither tops, caps, nor cross-trees to the 
upper yards ; used in the Mediterranean.— Buchanan. 
Po'LAR, a. [Fr. polaire ; It. polare ; Sp. polar.) 1. Pertain- 
ing to the poles of the earth, north or south, or to the 
poles of artificial globes ; situated near one of the poles. 
2. Proceeding from one of the regions near the poles. 3. 
Pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which 
the magnetic needle is directed. 
POL'AR-€HY, n. [Gr. ttoAvj and apxv-] Government by a 

number of persons. 
PO-L AR'I-S€OPE, n. An instrument used in exhibiting the 

phenomena of the polarization of light.— Francis. 
PO-L AR'I-TY, 7i. That quality of a body, in virtue of which 
peculiar properties reside in certain points ; usually, as in 
electrified or magnetized bodies, properties of attraction 
or repulsion, or the power of taking a certain direction. 
The property of pointing to the poles of the earth, which 
is peculiar to the magnetic needle. A mineral is said to 
possess polarity when it attracts one pole of a magnetic 
needle and repels the other. 
P5-LARlZ'A-BLE, a. Susceptible of polarization. 
P5-L AR-I-Z A'TION, n. The act of giving polarity to a body ; 
the state of having polarity. — Polarization of light, a change 
produced upon light by the action of certain media, by 



which it exhibits the appearance of having polarity, or 
poles possessing different properties. 
Po'LAR-lZE, v. t. To communicate polarity to. 
Po'L AR-IZ.E D, pp. or c. Having polarity communicated to 
Po'LAR-lZ-ING* ppr. Giving polarity to. 
Po'LAR- Y, a. Tending to a pole ; having a direction to » 

pole. — Brown. 
PoL'DER, n. [D.] In Holland and Belgium, a tract of Ion 
land reclaimed from the sea by means of high embank 
jnents.— P. Cyc. 
PoLE, n. [Sax. pol, pal ; D. paal ; Dan. pal ; W. pawl ; L 
palus.) 1. A long, slender piece of wood, or the stem of 
a small tree deprived of its branches. 2. A rod ; a perch ; 
a measure of length, of five yards and a half, or a square 
measure of 30^ square yards. 3. An instrument for meas- 
uring.— Rare poles. A ship is under bare poles when her 
sails are all furled.— Mar. Diet. 
PoLE, n. [Fr. pole; It, Sp. polo.) 1. In astronomy, one of 
the extremities of the axis on which the sphere revolves. 
— 2. In spherics, a point equally distant from every part 
of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere ; or it 
is a point 90° distant from the plane of a circle, and in a 
line passing perpendicularly through the center, called 
the axis. — 3. In geography, the extremity of the earth's 
axis. 4. The star which is vertical to the pole of the 
earth.— Magnetic poles, two points in a magnet in which 
the power seems to be chiefly concentrated. 
POLE, 7i. [from Poland.) A native of Poland. 
PoLE, v. t. 1. To furnish with poles for support. 2. To 
bear or convey on poles. 3. To impel by poles, as a 
_boat ; to push forward by the use of poles. 
FoLE'-AX, n. An ax fixed to a pole or handle ; or, rather, 
a sort of hatchet with a handle about fifteen inches in 
length, and a point or claw bending downward from the 
back of its head. 
PoLE'-Da-VY, ti. A sort of coarse cloth. — Ainsworth. 
PoLE'-STaR, n. 1. A star which is vertical, or nearly so 
to the pole of the earth ; a lode-star. 2. That which serves 
_as a guide or director. 
PoLE'CAT, n. The popular name of two small carnivorous 
quadrupeds of Europe, nearly allied to the weasel, and 
having small glands which secrete a fetid liquor ; the fit- 
chew or fitchet. 
POL'E-MARCH (-mark), n. [Gr. TroXe/xapxoS-] In Athens, 
originally, the military commander-in-chief ; but afterward, 
a civil magistrate, charged with the protection and super 
intendence of the resident aliens. There were also, in 
Sparta, Thebes, and other parts of Greece, polemarchs who 
were high officers, exercising both military and civil func 
tions. — Smith's Diet. 
PO-LEM'IC, n. A disputant ; a controvertist. — Pope. 
POLEMIC. >a. [Gr. ttoA^i/coS.] 1. Controversial; dis- 
PO-LEM'I€-AL, 5 putative ; intended to maintain an opin- 
ion or system in opposition to others. 2. Engaged in sup- 
porting an opinion or system by controversy. 
PO-LEM'ICS, n. Contest or controversy, especially on re- 
ligious subjects. 
PO-LEM'O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. nolens and ctco-m.) An ob- 
lique perspective glass, contrived for seeing objects that 
do not lie directly before the eje.—Hutton. 
PO-LEN'TA, n. {It] In Italy, pudding made of the flour 
of maize ; formerly ground chestnuts were used. — Artoni. 
Po'LEY-GRXSS, n. A plant of the genus lythrum. 
Po'LEY-MOUNT'AIN, n. A plant of the genus teucrium 
PO-LI-AN'THeS, ti. [Gr. -koXis, a city, and avQoS, a flowerj 
The name of a genus of plants, one species of which, P. 
tuberosa, is cultivated for its flowers, under the absurd 
name of tuberose, a vicious pronunciation of its specific 
name. 
PO-LiCE' (po-lees'), n. [Fr. ; L. politia.] 1. The government 
of a city or town; the administration of the laws and 
regulations of a city or incorporated town or borough. 
2. The internal regulation and government of a kingdom 
or state. — Blackstone. 3. A body of civil officers, especial- 
ly in cities, for enforcing the laws. 
PO-LI CE'-OF'FI-CER, n. An officer intrusted with the exe- 
cution of the laws of a city. 
POLICED' (-leestf), \a. Regulated by laws ; furnished 
POL'I-CLED (-sid), 5 with a regular system of laws and 

administration. — Bacon. — Burke. 
PO-LiCE'MAN, n. One of the ordinary police. 
POL'I-C Y, n. [Fr. police ; L. politia.] 1. The art or manner 
of* governing a nation ; or that system of measures which 
the sovereign of a country adopts and pursues, as best 
adapted to the interests of the nation. 2. The course or 
management of public affairs with respect either to foreign 
powers or to internal arrangement. — 3. In common usage, 
prudence or wisdom in rulers or individuals in the man- 
agement of public or private concerns. 4. Stratagem , 
cunning ; dexterity of management. 5. [It polizza.) A 
ticket or warrant for money in the public funds. — 6. [Sp. 
poliza.) Policy, in commerce, the writing or instrument by 
which a contract of indemnity is effected between the in 



Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, £, I, &c., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



POL 



757 



POL 



suier and the insured. — 7. In Scotland, the pleasure-ground 
about a gentleman's seat. 

PoL'ING, n. In gardening, the operation of dispersing the 
worm-casts all over the walks, with long ash poles. 

PoL'ING, ppr 1. Furnishing with poles for support. 2. 
Bearing on poles. 3. Pushing forward with poles, as a 
boat. 

Po'LISH, a. Pertaining to Poland. 

POL'ISH, v. t. [Fr. polir, poiissant.] 1. To make smooth 
and glossy, usually by friction. 2. To refine ; to wear off 
rudeness, rusticity, and coarseness ; to make elegant and 
polite. 

POL'ISH, v. i. To become smooth ; to receive a gloss ; to 
take a smooth and glossy surface. 

POL'ISH, n. 1. A smooth, glossy surface produced by fric- 
tion. 2. Refinement; elegance of manners. 

POL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Capable of being polished. 

POLTSH£D (pol'isht), pp. or a. Made smooth and glossy ; 
refined; polite. 

\ POL'ISH-ED-NESS, n. 1. State of being polished or of 
being refined or elegant. — Donne.— Coventry. 

POL1SH-ER, n. The person or instrument that polishes. 

POL'ISH-ING, ppr. or a. Making smooth and glossy ; refin- 
ing. 

POL'ISH-rNG, n. 1. The act of making smooth and glossy, 
or of refining manners. 2. Smoothness ; glossiness ; re- 
finement. — Goldsmith. 

POL1SH-MENT, n. Refinement.— Waterlwuse. 

^O-LITE', a. [L. politus.] 1. Literalhj, smooth, glossy, and 
used in this sense till within a century ; [obs.] 2. Having 
elegance or refinement of manners. 3. Characterized by 
courtesy, as manners. — Syn. Polished ; refined ; well-bred ; 
courteous ; obliging ; complaisant ; affable ; urbane ; civ- 
il; courtly; elegant; genteel. 

PO-LlTE'LY, adv. With elegance of manners ; genteelly ; 
courteously. 

PO-LlTE'NESS, n. 1. Polish or elegance of manners ; ease 
and gracefulness of manners, combined with attention to 
the convenience of others. 2. Obliging attentions.— Syn. 
Good breeding ; refinement; urbanity; courteousness ; 
affability, complaisance; courtesy; civility; gentility ; 
courtliness. 

POL-LTESSE v '-toss'), n. [Fr.] Politeness. [An affected 
word, unless when applied, by way of contempt, to over- 
acted politeness. — Smart.'] 

POL'I-TIC, a. [L. politicus. Originally, this word was the 
same as political, but it is not so now, except in the phrase 
body politic] 1. Exercising sagacity in devising and pur- 
suing measures adapted to promote the public welfare. 
2. Well devised and adapted to the public prosperity. 3. 
Ingenious in devising and pursuing any scheme of per- 
sonal or national aggrandizement, or in adapting means to 
the end, whether good or evil. 4. Well devised ; adapted 
to its end, right or wrong. — Syn. Wise; prudent; saga- 
cious ; discreet ; provident ; wary ; artful ; cunning. 

PO-LIT'I€-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to policy, or to civil gov- 
ernment and its administration. 2. Pertaining to a nation 
or state, or to nations or states, as distinguished from civil 
or municipal ; as in the phrase, political and civil rights, 
the former comprehending rights that belong to a nation, 
or perhaps to a citizen as an individual of a nation, and 
the latter comprehending the local rights of a corporation 
or any member of it. 3. Public ; derived from office or 
connection with government. 4. Artful; skillful; [see 
Politic.J 5. Treating of politics or government. Paley. 
— Political economy, the administration of the revenues of 
a nation ; or the management and regulation of its resour- 
ces and productive property and labor ; also, the science 
which treats of these subjects. 

PO-LITTC-AL-LY, adv. 1. With relation to the government 
of a nation or state. 2. With relation to politics. 3. Art- 
fully ; with address ; [obs.] 

PO-LITIC-AS-TER n. A petty politician. 

f POL-I-TI"CIAN (-tish'an), a. Cunning; using artifice. 

POL-I-TI"CIAN, n. [Fr. politician.] 1. One versed in the 
science of government and the art of governing ; one de- 
voted to politics. 2. A man of artifice or deep contrivance. 

POL'I-TI€-LY, adv. Artfully ; cunningly.— Shah. 

POL'I-TI€S, n. [Fr. politique.] 1. The science of govern- 
ment ; that part of ethics which consists in the regulation 
and government of a nation or state, for the preservation 
of its safety, peace, and prosperity. — 2. In a looser sense, 
political^ affairs, or the contests of parties for power. 

f POL'I-TlZE, v. i. To play the politician.— Milton. 

fPOL'I-TURE, n. Polish ; the gloss given by polishing. 

POLI-TY, n. [Gr. TroAiraa.J 1. The form or constitution 
of civil government of a nation or state. 2. The consti- 
tution or general fundamental principles of government 
of any class of citizens, considered in an appropriate char- 
acter, or as a subordinate state. 

PoL'KA, n. A fashionable Hungarian dance. 

P5LL, n. [D. bol.] 1. The head of a person, or the back 
of the head. 2. A register of heads, that is, of per- 



part 

~lv> ^ve^bu llThn iteT- 



eons.- Shak. 3. The entry of the nA.ues of electors win 
vote for civil officers. Hence, 4. An election of civil offi 
cere, or the place of election. 5. A fish called a chub or 
chevin ; see Pollakd. 

PoLL, v.t. 1. To lop the tops of trees.— Bacon. 2. To clip , 
to cut off the ends ; to cut oft" hair or wool ; to shear. 3. 
To mow ; to crop ; [obs.\ 4. To peel j to strip ; to plun- 
der ; [obs.\ 5. To take a list or register of persons ; to 
enter names in a list. 6. To enter one's name in a list or 
register. 7. To insert into a number, as a voter. — Ticket. 
8. To_bring to the polls ; as, to poll votes. 

PoLL'-E-VJL, n. A swelling or aposteme on a horse's head, 
or on the nape of the neck between the ears. 

P6LL-TAX, n. A tax levied by the poll or head ; a caputa- 
tion tax. 

POL'LACK, ?■». A salt-water fish of the cod family, closely 

POL'LOCK, ) allied to the whiting and coal-fish. 

POL'LARD, n. 1. A tree having its top cut oft' at some 
height above the ground, that it may throw out branches. 
2. A clipped coin.— Camden. 3. The chub fish. 4. A 6tag 
that has cast his horns. 5. A mixture of bran and meal. 

POL'LARD, v. t. To lop the tops of trees ; to poll. 

POL'LARD-ED, pp. Lopped. 

P0LL.ED (pold),#p. 1. Lopped, as tops of trees. [See Poll.] 
2. Brought to the poll, as votes. 

POL'LEN, n. [L. pollen, pollis.] 1. The fecundating dust, 
or fine substance like flour or meal, contained hi the an- 
ther of flowers, which is dispersed on the stigma for im- 
pregnation ; farina. 2. Fine bran. — Bailey. 

POL-LEN-A'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of meal. 

1 POL'LEN-GER n. Brushwood.— Tusser. 

POL'LEN-IN, n. A substance obtained from the pollen of 
_pbnts. 

PoLL'ER, n. [from poll.] 1. One who shaves persons ; a 
barber ; [obs.] 2. One who lops or polls trees. 3. A pil- 
lager ; a plunderer ; one who fleeces by exaction ; [obs.] 

4. One who registers voters, or one who enters his name 
as a voter. 

POL-LIC-I-TI'TION, n. [L. pollicitatio.] A promise; a vol- 
untary engagement, T>r a paper containing it. 

POL-LINGTOR n. [L ] One who prepares materials for 
embalming the dead ; a kind of undertaker. 

POLLING, ppr. 1. Lopping, as the tops of trees. 2. Regis- 
tering one's name as a voter. [See Poll.] 3. Bringing to 
the poll, as votes. 

POL-LI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pollen and fero.] Producing 
pollen. 

POL'LI-WIG, n. A tadpole. Forby.—ln America, polliwog. 
Forby thinks it to be from periwig. 

POL'LOCK, n. A fish, the pollack, which see. 

POL-LuTE', v. t. [L. polluo ; Fr. polluer.] 1. To make foul 
or unclean. — Among the Jews, to make unclean or impure, 
in a legal or ceremonial sense. 2. To infect with guilt. 3. 
To profane ; to use for carnal or idolatrous purposes. 4. 
To infect or impair by mixture of ill, moral or physical. 

5. To violate by illegal sexual commerce. — Syn. To defile 
soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch; dis- 
honor ; ravish ; abuse. 

POL-LuTE', a, Polluted ; defiled.— Milton. 

POL-LuT'ED, pp. or a. Defiled ; rendered unclean ; tainted 
with guilt ; impaired ; profaned. 

POL-LuTED-LY, adv. In a state of pollution.— Heywood. 

POL-LtJTED-NESS, n. The state of being polluted ; defile- 
men^ 

POL-LuTER, n. A defiler ; one who pollutes or profanes. 

POL-LuTING, ppr. 1. Defiling ; rendering unclean ; cor- 
rupting ; profaning. 2. a. Defiling or having a tendency 
to defile. 

POL-LuTING-LY, adv. With pollution. 

POL-Lu'TION, n. [L. pollutio ; Fr. pollution.] 1. The act 
of polluting. 2. The state of being polluted.— 3. In the 
Jewish economy, the state of being legally or ceremonially 
unclean. — 4. In medicine, the emission of semen in sleep. 
— 5. In a religious sense, guilt, the effect of sin ; idolatry. 
— Syn. Defilement , pollutedness ; contamination ; vitia- 
tion ; taint ; corruption ; uncleanness ; impurity ; viola- 
tion ; debauchment 

POL'LUX, n. [L.] 1. A fixed star of the second magnitude, 
in the constellation Gemini or the Twins. 2. Sec Castor. 

PO-LO-NaISE', \n. A robe or dress adopted from the 

PO-LO-NeSE', 5 fashion of the Poles : sometimes worn 
by ladies. 

PO-LO-NeSE'. n. The Polish language.— Encyc. 

PO-LO-NOISE' (po-lo-naze'), n. In music, a movement ol 
three crotchets in a bar, with the rhythmical caesura on 
the last. 

P5LT, n. [Sw. bulta.] A blow, stroke, or striking. — Haiti- 
well. [A word in common use in New England.] 

t PoLT'-FOOT, n. A distorted foot.— Herbert. 

t PoLT-FOOT-ED, a. Having distorted feet.— Ben Jonson. 

POL-TROON', n. [Fr. poliron ; It. poltrone.] An arrant 
coward ; a dastard ; a wretch without spirit or courage. 

POL-TROON', a. Base ; vile ; contemptible.— Hammond. 



-AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



POL 



758 



POL 



PUL-TROON'EK 1 T , u. Cowardice; baseness of mind ; 
want of spirit. 

POL'VE-RlNE, 72, [L. pulvis ; It. polverino.] The calcined 
ashes of an alkaline plant, used in making glass. 

Po'LY, In. [L.polium.] An evergreen undershrub found 

Po'LEY, 3 near the Mediterranean. — Loudon 

POL'Y, in compound words, is from the Greek noXvS, and 
signifies many ; as in polygon*, a figure of many angles. 

POL-Y-A-GOUS'TIG, a. [Gr. ttoAuj and ukovw.\ That multi- 
phes or magnifies sound ; as a noun, an instrument to 
multiply sounds. 

POL-Y-A-DEL'PHI-A, n. pi. [Gr. ttoAuS and aSsXipog.] In bot- 
any, a class of plants having stamens united in three or 
more bodies or bundles by filaments. — Linnceus. 

POL-Y-A-DEL'PHI-AN, \ a. Having stamens united in three 

POL-Y-A-DEL'PHOUS, 3 or more bundles. 

POL-Y-AN'DRI-A, n. pi. [Gr. noXvS and avvp.] In botany, a 
class of hermaphrodite plants having many stamens, or 
more than twenty, arising immediately from below the 
ovary. 

POL-Y-AN'DRI-AN, \a. Having many stamens, or more 

POL-Y-ANTJROUS, 5 than twenty, arising immediately 
from below the ovary. 

POL-Y-AN'DRY, n. The practice of females having more 
husbands than one at the same time ; plurality of hus- 
bands. 

POL-Y-AN'THUS, n. [Gr. rroXvS and avdos.] An ornament- 
al plant, a variety of the primrose. 

POLT-aRGH-Y, n. [Gr. noXvs and apxn-} Any form of 
government in which many rule. 

POL-Y-AU-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. noXvS, ovtoS, and ypa(f>u).] 
The act or practice of rrmltiplying copies of one's own 
handwriting ; a species of lithographv. 

PO-LYBA-SITE, n. [Gr. ttoXvs, many, and (Jaais, base.] An 
iron-black ore of silver, consisting of sulphur, silver, and 
antimony, with some copper and arsenic. 

POL'Y-GHORD, a. [Gr. noXvg, and chord.] Having many 
chords or strings. — di. Relig. Appeal. 

i POLY-GHREST, n. [Gr. koXvS and xprjoros.] In pharma- 
cy, a medicine that serves for many uses. — Polyckrest 
salt, among old chemists, was the sulphate of potassa. — 
Brande. 

POL'Y-GHRO-lTE, n. [Gr. noXvs and x/Jo^w.] The color- 
ing matter of saflron. — lire. 

POL-Y-GHRO-MAT'IG, a. [Gr. ttoXvs, many, and xP^iia, 
color.] In mineralogy, exhibiting a play of colors. — Mohs. 

POL-Y-GO-TYL-E'DON, n. [Gr. noXvS and kotvXvSuv.] In 
botany, a plant that has many or more than two cotyl- 
edons or lobes to the seed. 

POL-Y-GO-TYL-E'DON-OUS, a. Having more than two 
lobes to the seed. 

POL*-Y-£'DROUS S See P OLYHEDRON and Polyhedral. 

POL-Y-GI'MI-A, n. pi [Gr. 7roAu? and yauos.] In botany, a 
class of plants bearing hermaphrodite flowers, with male 
or female flowers, or both. 

POL-Y-Ga'MI-AN, I a. In botany, producing hermaphrodite 

PO-LYGA-MOUS, 3 flowers, with male or female flowers, 
or both. 

PO-LYGA-MIST, n. A person who practices polygamy or 
maintains its lawfulness. — Hammond. 

PO-LYGA-MOUS, a. 1. Consisting of polygamy.— Encyc. 
2. Inclined to polygamy ; having a plurality of wives. 

PO-LYGA-MY, 7i. [Gr. noXvS and yafxog.] A plurality of 
wives or husbands at the same time; or the having of 
such plurality. 

POLY-GAR, n. In Hindostan, an inhabitant of the woods. 

POL-Y-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr. ttoXvs, many, and yaarrjp, stom- 
ach.] Having many stomachs. 

POL-Y-GAS'TRIG, n. An animal having many stomachs, as 
some of the infusories. — Bell. 

PO-LYG'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. noXvs and yevos.] Consisting of 
many kinds. — Kirwan. 

POL'Y-GLOT, a. [Gr iroXv S and yAwrra.] Having or con- 
taining many languages ; as, a polyglot Bible. 

POLY-GLOT, n. 1. A book containing many languages ; 
[applied particularly to the Bible.] 2. One who under- 
stands many languages ; [obs.] 

POLY-GON, n. [Gr. noXvi and yuvia.] In geometry, a plane 
figure of many angles, and consequently of many sides ; 
particularly, one having more than four angles or sides. 

PO-LYG'ON-AL, > a. Having many angles. Lee.—Polyg- 

PO-LYG'ON-OUS, 5 onal numbers, in arithmetic, the suc- 
cessive sums of a series of numbers in arithmetical pro- 
gression.— Brande. 

PO-LYG'ON-UM, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and ynvv.] In botany, a ge- 
nus of plants having many joints, as buckwheat, &c. 

POL-Y-GON-OM'E-TRY, n. [polygon, and Gr. nerpov.] The 
doctrine of polygons.— Brande. 

POLT-GRAM, n. [Gr. woXvi and ypa^jjia.] A figure consist- 
ing of many lines.— Barloio. 

POLT-GRAPH, n. An instrument for multiplying copies of 
a writing with ease and expedition. 



POL-Y-GRAPH'IC, \a. 1. Pertaining to polygraphy. 2 
POL-Y-GRAPH'IC-AL, 3 Done with a polygraph. 
POLYGRAPHY, n. [Gr. ttoAus and ypa^rj) The art of 

writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same. 
POL-Y-gYN'I-A, n. pi. [Gr. noXvS and yvvv-] In botany, an 

order of plants having many styles. 

PO-LYgY"N-6uS,' \ a - In botan V> havin § man y styles. 

PO-LYG'Y-NY, ti, '[Gr. noXvs and yvvn.] The practice of hav- 
ing more wives than one at the same time. 

PO-LT'HA-LITE, 71. [Gr. noXvS and aXs.] A red mineral, 
composed principally of the sulphates of lime, potash, and 
magnesia. 

POL-Y-He'DRAL, ? a. Having many sides ; as a solid 

POL-Y-He'DROUS, 5 body. 

POL-Y-He'DRON, n. [Gr. iroXvS and iSpa.] 1. In geometry, 
a body or solid contained by many sides or planes. — 2, In 
optics, a polyscope or multiplying glass. 

f PO-LYL'O-GY, n. [Gr. iroXvS and Xoyos.] A talking much , 
talkativeness ; garrulity. 

POL-Y-MATH'IG, a. Pertaining to polymathy. 

PO-LYMA-THY, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and fiadrjmg.] The knowl- 
edge of many arts and sciences ; varied learning. 

POL-Y-MIG'NlTE, n. [Gr. voXvs and ^tyvofii.] A black, 
shining mineral, containing titanic acid, zirconia, yttria, 
oxyds of cerium and iron, &c. — Dana. 

POL' YM-NlTE, n. A stone marked with dendrites and black 
lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, Sec. 

POLY-MORPH. n. [Gr. ttoAu? snd ptopepr].] A name given to 
a numerous tribe or series of shells. 

POL-Y-MORPH'OUS, a. Having many forms. 

POLT-NEME, n. A sea fish, of the perch family, having a 
scaly head. — Pennant. 

POL-Y-Ne'SIA, n. [Gr. noXvS and vnaog.] A term in geog- 
raphy, used to designate numerous groups of isles in the 
Pacific Ocean, especially near the tropics. 

POL-Y-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Polynesia. 

POL-Y-No'MI-AL, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and ovo/xa.] In algebra, a 
quantity consisting of many terms. 

POL-Y-No'MI-AL, a. Containing many terms or names. 

POL-Y-ON'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. roXvS and ovoixa.] Having 
many names or titles ; many-titled. — Sir W. Jones. 

POL-Y-ON'O-MY, 7i. Variety of different names.— Faber. 

POL-Y-OP'TRON, 7vi. [Gr. ttoXvS and onro^ai.] A glass 

POL-Y-OP'TRUM, 5 through which objects appear multi- 
plied, but diminished. — Hutton. — Brande. 

POL-Y-O-RX'MA, n. [Gr.-rroXvS sad opufjia.] A view of many 
objects. 

POLYP, to. [Gr. nvXvirovs.] An aquatic animal of the radi- 
ate type, having in general a cylindrical body, at one ex- 
tremity of which there is a mouth, surrounded by one or 
more series of arms or tentacles. These animals form 
coral by a secretion of calcareous matter. — Dana. 

POLT-PA-RY, n. [polyp, and L.pario.] A name sometimes 
given to coral, because formed by polyps. — Dana. 

POL-Y-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. ttoAuj and TteraXov.) la bat 
any, having many petals. — Marty n. 

PO-LYPHA-GOUS, a. [Gr. F oA«s and (f>ayu.] Eating or 
subsisting on many things, or kinds of food. 

POL-Y-PHaR'MA-CY, n. Medicines of many ingredients. 

POL-Y-PHON'IG, \a. Having or consisting of many 

PO-LYPH'O-NOUS, 3 voices or sounds.— Busby. 

PO-LYPH'O-NISM, \n. [Gr. ttoXvs and <£wvr?.] Multiplicity 

PO-LYPH'O-NY 3 of sounds, as in the reverberations 
of an echo. 

PO-LYPH'O-NIST, n. One who has the power of multiply 
ing or making many sounds ; a ventriloquist. 

PO-LYPHYL-LOU8, a. [Gr. ttoXvs and <p v XXov.] In botany 
many-leafed. 

PO-LYP'I-DOM, n. [polyp, and Gr. So^os.] Literally, a house 
or hive of polyps ; a name sometimes erroneously given, 
to coral. 

PO-LYFI-ER (po-lip'e-a), n. [Fr.] Polypary, which see. 

POL-Y-PIF'ER-OUS, a. [polype and fero.] Producing polypes. 

POL'Y-PODE, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and -rrovS.] An animal having 
many feet; the milleped or wood-louse.— Coxe. 

PO-LYP'O-DY, 7i. [L. polypodium.] A plant of the genus 
polypodium, of the order offiliccs, or ferns. 

POLY-POUS, a. Having the nature of the polypus ; having 
many feet or roots, like the polypus. 

POL-Y-PRIS-MAT'IG, a. [Gr. tzoXvS, and prismatic] In 
crystallography, a term applied to a prismatic crystal hav- 
ing many lateral secondary planes, with or without the 
primary planes. — Dana. 

POL'Y-PUS, 7i. [Gr. noXvnovs.] 1. Something that haa 
many feet or roots.— 2. Among physicians, a tumor with 
a narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear, found m the 
nose, uterus, &c. 

POL'Y-SGOPE, n. [Gr. xoXvs and **>«&».] A glass which 
makes a single object appear as many; a multiplying 
glass, which see. — Hutton. 

POL-Y-SEPA-LOUS, a. In botany, a polysepalous calyx is 
that which has more than one sepal.— Lindlcy. 



(tee Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— a, e, 1, &c. sha t.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;-M0VE, BQgK. 



POM 



759 



PON 



POLT-SPAST, n. [&'p. polispastos.] A machine consisting 

of many pulleys. — Diet. 
POLY-SPERM, n. [Gr. tto\vS and cizepfia.] A tree whose 

fruit contains many seeds. — Evelyn. 
POL-Y-SPERM'OUS, a. Containing many seeds. 
POL'Y-STYLE, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and cttv\os.] A term denoting 

an edifice whose columns are too numerous to be readily 

counted. 
POL-Y-SYL-LAB'IC, )a. Pertaining to a polysyllable ; 
POL-Y-SYL-LAB'I€-AL, 5 consisting of many syllables, or 

of more than three. 
POL'Y-SYL-LA-BfcE, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and cv\Xa6r,.] A word 

of many syllables, that is, consisting of more syllables than 

three. 
POL-Y-SYN'DE-TON, n. [Gr. ttoXvovvSetos.] A figure of 

rhetoric by which the copulative is often repeated. 
POL-Y-TE€H'NI€, n. [Gr. 71-oAvj and retim.) Compre- 

nending many arts ; applied particularly to a school in 

which many branches of art or science are taught. 
POL-Y-THAL'A-MOUS, a. [Gr. ttoXvs and $a\aiioS.] Many- 
chambered ; applied to cephalopods having multilocular 

shells.— P. Cyc. 

* POL'Y-THE-ISM, n. [Fr. polytheisme.] The doctrine of a 
plurality of gods or invisible beings superior to man, and 
having an agency in the government of the world. 

* POL'Y-THE-IST, n. A person who believes in or main- 
tains the doctrine of a plurality of gods. 

POL-Y-THE-IST'I€, \a. 1. Pertaining to polytheism. 

POL-Y-THE-IST'I€-AL, 5 2. Holding a plurality of gods. 

POL-Y-THE-IST'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of polythe- 
ism. 

POL-Y-Zo'NAL, a. .[Gr.7roAi'j and Z,wvn.] Composed of sev- 
eral zones or rings ; as, a polyzonal lens. — Brewster. 

P6M'ACE (pum'ase), n. [L.pomum; Fr. pomme.] The sub- 
stance of apples or of similar fruit crushed by grinding. 
— In America, it is so called before and after being pressed. 

PO-Ma'CEOUS (-shus), a. 1. Consisting of apples. 2. Like 
pomace. 

PO-MaDE', n. [Fr. pommade.] Perfumed ointment. [Rare.] 

PO-MAN'DER, n. [Fr. pomme d'ambrei] A sweet ball ; a 
perfumed ball or powder. — Bacon. 

PO-Ma TUM, n. [Fr. pommade; It. pomata ; Sp. pomada.] A 
perfumed unguent or composition used in dressing the hair. 

PO-Ma'TUM, v. t. To apply pomatum to the hair. — Diet. 

PoME, 11. [L. pomum.] 1. In botany, a fleshy or pulpy peri- 
carp without valves, containing a capsule or capsules, as 
the apple. 2. A name given, in America, to baked cakes of 
maize or Indian meal about the size of an apple. 

1 PoME, v. i. [Fr. pommer.] To grow to a head, or form a 
head in growing. — Diet. 

PoME-CITRON, n. A citron apple.— Ben Jonson. 

Pv>ME'-WA-TER, n. A sort of apple.— Shak. 

P6ME-GRAN ATE (pum-gran'nate), n. [L. pomum and gran- 
alum.] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus pu- 
nica, of the size and shape of an orange, having a reddish 
color and numerous seeds. 2. The tree that produces 
pomegranates. 3. An ornament resembling a pomegran- 
ate, on the robe and ephod of the Jewish high-priest. 

POME-GRAN'ATE-TREE, n. The tree which produces 
pomegranates. 

POME'ROY (pum'roy), } n. Royal apple ; a particu- 

P&ME-ROY'AL (pum-roy'al), J lar sort of apple.— Ains- 
worth. 

POM'EY, n. In heraldry, a green roundel. 

PO-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pomum and fero.] Literally, pome- 
bearing ; a term applied to plants bearing the larger fruits, 
as apples, melons, gourds, &c. 

POM'MAgE, n. See Pomace. 

POMME, > n. Cross pomme.— In heraldry, a cross, of 

POM-METTE', 5 which the ends terminate in three half- 
circlets, resembling apples. 

P6M'MEL (pum'mel), n. [Fr. pommeau.] 1. A knob or ball ; 
any ornament of a globular form. 2. The knob on the 
hilt of a sword ; the protuberant part of a saddle-bow ; the 
round knob on the frame of a chair, &c. 

P6M'MEL, v. t. To beat as with a pommel, that is, with 
somcrhins thick or bulky ; to bruise. 

P6MMELED, pp. 1. Beaten; bruised.— 2. a. In heraldry, 
having pommels, as a sword or dagger. 

P6M'MEL-ING, n. A beating or bruising. 

P6M'MEL-ING, ppr. Beating. 

POM-MeL'ION (-mel'yun), n. The cascabel or hindmost 
knob of a cannon. — Mar. Diet. 

PO-MO-LOa'IC-AL, a. Belonging to pomology. 

PO-MOL'O-GlST, n. One interested in pomology. 

PO-MOL'O-GY, n. The art or science of rearing fruit 

POMP., 11. [L. pompa ; Fr. pompe ; Arm. pomp ; Ital., Sp. 
pompa.] 1. Literally, a showy, ostentatious procession. 2. 
A splendid show, exhibition, or ceremony. — Syn. Displny ; 
parade ; pageant ; pageantry ; splendor ; state ; magnifi- 
cence ; ostentation ; grandeur ; pride. 
POMP-AT'lC, a. [Low L. pompaticus] Pompous; splen- 
did ; ostentatious. — Barrow. 



POMP'ET, n. The ball which printers use to black the 

type3. — Cotgrace. 
POM'PHO-LYX, n. [L., from Gr. -o^oXvl.] The white ox 

yd which sublimes during the combustion of zinc. 
P6MP'I-ON (pump'e-on), n. [D. pompocn.] A pumpkin. 
P6M'Pi'RE, n. [L. pomum and pyrus.] A sort of pes 
POM-POS'I-TY, n. [It. pompositd.] Pompousness ; c 



[It. pompositd. 
tion ; boasting. — Aikin. 



ompousness ; ostenta- 



POM-PO'SO. [It] In music, grand and dignified. 

POMP'OUS, a. [Fr.pompeux; It. pomposo.] 1. Displaying 
pomp or grandeur ; as, a pompous ceremonial. 2. Char- 
acterized by ostentation or display ; as, a pompous inscrip- 
tion. — Syn. Showy ; splendid ; magnificent ; superb ; au- 
gust ; grand ; stately ; dignified. ; magisterial ; lofty ; os- 
tentatious ; boastful. 

POMP'OUS-LY, adv. With great parade or display ; mag- 
nificently ; splendidly; ostentatiously.— Dryden. 

POMP'OUS-NESS, 11. The state of being pompous ; mag- 
nificence ; splendor; great display of show. 

POM'-WA-TER, n. The name of a large apple.— Diet. 

POND. n. [Sp., Port, It. panlano.] 1. A body of stagnant 
water without an outlet, larger than a puddle and smaller 
than a lake ; or a like body of water with a small outlet. 
— In the United States, we give this name to collections of 
water in the interior country which are fed by springs, 
and from which issues a small stream. 2. A collection of 
water raised in a river by a dam for the purpose of pro- 
pelling mill-wheels. — Pond for fish ; see Fish-pond. 

POND, v. t. [from the noun.] To make a pond ; to collect 
in a pond by stopping the current of a river. 

t POND, v. t. To ponder. — Spenser. 

POND-WEED, n. [pond and weed.] An aquatic herb. 

PON'DER, v. t. [L.pondero.] 1. To weigh in the mind ; t* 
consider and compare the circumstances or consequences 
of an event. 2. To view with deliberation ; to examine. 

PON'DER, v. i. To think ; to muse : with on.- Shak. 

PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state of being ponderable. 

PON'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be weighed; capable o" 
being weighed. — Brown. 

PON'DER-AL, a. [L.pondus.] Estimated or ascertained by 
weight, as distinguished from numeral. 

PON'DER- ANCE, n. Weight; gravity.— Gregory. 

t PON'DER- ATE, v. t. To weish in the mind ; to considei . 

PON-DER-I'TION. n. The actof weighing. 

PON'DER£D, pp. Weighed in the mind ; considered; ex- 
amined by intellectual operation. 

PON'DER-ER, n. One who weighs in his mind. 

PON'DER-ING, ppr. Weighing intellectually ; considering , 
deliberating on. 

PON'DER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera- 
tion. — Hammond. 

PON-DER-OS'I-TY, n. Weight ; gravity ; heaviness. 

PON'DER-OUS, a. [L.po7iderosus.] 1. Very heavy; weighty, 
massive. 2. Important ; momentous ; [rare.] 3. Forci- 
ble; strongly impulsive. Dryden. — Ponderous spar, heavy 
spar or barytes. 

PON'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With great weight. 

PON'DER-OUS-NESS, n. Weight; heaviness; gravity. 

Po'NENT, a. [It. ponente; L. ponens.] Western.- [Rare.] 

PON-gEE', n. An inferior kind of India silk. 

PON"GO, n. A large species of ape, resembling the orang 
outang. The name has also been applied to the chim- 
panzee. 

PON'IARD (pon'yard), n. [Fr. poignard.] A small dagger ; 
a pointed instrument for stabbing, borne in the hand or at 
the girdle, or in the pocket. 

PON'IARD (pon'yard), v. t. To pierce with a poniard ; to 
stab. 

PON'IARD-ED, pp. Pierced with a poniard ; stabbed. 

t PONK, n. A nocturnal spirit ; a hag. — Shak. 

PON'TAC, n. A fine species of claret wine. 

PON'TAgE, n. [L. pons, pontis ; Sp. puente; W. pont] * 
duty paid for repairing bridges. 

PON-TEE', n. In glass-works, an iron instrument by which 
the hot glass is taken out of the glass-pot. 

PONTIC, a. [L. Pontus.] Pertaining to the Pontus, Eus 
ine, or Black Sea.— J. Barlow. 

PON'TIFF, n. [Fr. pontife ; L. pontifcx.] A high-priest ; ap 
plied particularly to the Pope of Rome. 

PON-TIFTG, a. Relating to priests ; popish. — Milton. 

PON-TIF'I€-AL, a. [L. pontificalis.] 1. Belonging to a high- 
priest ; belonging to the pope ; popish. 2. Splendid ; mag- 
nificent. 3. B~ridge-building ; [obs.] 

PON-TIF'IC-AL, n. ' 1. A book contain 
nies ecclesiastical.— South. 

t PON-TIF-IC-AL'I-TY, n, The state and government of thn 
pope; the papacy. — Usher. 

PON-TIF'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a pontifical manner. 

PON-TIF'IC-ALS, n. pi. The dress and ornaments of u 
priest or bishop. — Lowth. 

PON-TIF'IC-ATE, n. [L. pontificatus.] 1. The state or dig- 
nity of a high-priest ; particularly, the office or dignity oi 
the pope. 2. The reign of a pope. 



containing rites and ceremo 



D6VE ;~BULL, tJNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— C asK; 6asJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete 



POP 



760 



PO.R 



PONTT-FJCE (-fis), 7i. Bridge-work ; structure or edifice 
of a bridge. — Milton. [Little used.] 

PON-TI-Fl"CIAL (-fish'al), a. Pertaining to the pope.— Bur- 
ton. 

PON-TI-FI"CIAN (-fish'an), a. Pertaining to the pope.— Hall. 

PON-TI-Fl"CIAN, n. One who adheres to the pope ; a Ro- 
man Catholic. — Montague. 

PONTINE, } a. [L. pontina.] A term designating a large 

POMP'TlNE, > marsh between Rome and Naples. 

PONT'LE-VIS, n. In horsemanship, a disorderly resisting of 
a horse by rearing repeatedly on his hind legs, so as to be 
in danger of coming over. 

PON-TO-NIeR', In. A term applied to soldiers having 

PON-TON-NIeR', > the charge of constructing bridges. 

PON-TOON', n. [Fr., Sp. ponton.] 1. A flat-bottomed boat,, 
used by armies for making temporary bridges. 2. A light- 
er ; a low, flat vessel, used in repairing ships. — Pontoon- 
bridge, is a bridge formed with pontoons. — Pontoon-car- 
riage, is made with two wheels only. 

Po'NY, n. ; pi. Ponies. A small horse. 

POOD, n. A Russian weight, equal to 40 Russian or 36 En- 
glish pounds avoirdupois. 

POO'DLE. n. A small dog, resembling the water-dog, cov- 
ered with long silky hair, either wholly white or with 
black patches. — Partington. 

POOL, n. [Sax. pol, pul ; D. poel ; G. pfuhl.] A small col- 
lection of water in a hollow place, supplied by a spring, 
and discharging it3 surplus water by an outlet. 

POOL, ) n. [Fr. poule.] The stakes played for in certain 

POULE, j games of cards.— Southern. 

POOL'ER, n. An instrument to stir a tan vat. 

POOP, n. \Fv.poupe; It. poppa; Sp. popa ; L. puppis.] The 
highest and aftmost deck of a ship, reaching forward to 
the mizzen-mast. 

POOP, v. t. 1. To strike upon the stern, as a heavy sea. 2. 
To strike the stern, as one vessel that runs her stem 
against another's stern. — Mar. Diet. 

POOPjED (poopt), pp. or a. Having a poop ; struck on the 
poop by a heavy sea. 

POOP'ING, n. The shock of a heavy sea on the stern or 
quarter of a ship, when scudding in a tempest ; also, the ac- 
tion of one ship's running her stem against another's stern 

POOR a. [L. pauper ; Fr. pauvre.] 1. Wholly destitute of 
property, or not having property sufficient for a comfort- 
able subsistence ; needy ; indigent ; necessitous. — 2. In 
law, so destitute of property as to be entitled to mainte- 
nance from the public. 3. Destitute of strength, beauty, 
or dignity ; barren ; mean ; jejune. 4. Destitute of value, 
worth, or importance ; of little use ; trifling. 5. Paltry ; 
mean ; of little value. 6. Destitute of fertility ; barren ; 
exhausted ; as, poor soil. 7. Of little worth ; unimport- 
ant. — Swift. 8. Unhappy ; pitiable. 9. Mean ; depressed ; 
low ; dejected ; destitute of spirit. — Bacon. 10. Lean ; 
emaciated. 11. Small, or of a bad quality. 12. Uncom- 
fortable ; restless ; ill. 13. Destitute of saving grace. — 
Rev., hi. 14. Wanting good qualities. 15. A word of ten- 
derness or pity ; dear. 16. A word of slight contempt ; 
wretched. — 17. The poor, collectively used as a noun, those 
who ate destitute of property ; the indigent ; the needy. 
In law, those who are supported by public or private char- 
ity. — Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble ; contrite. 

POOR-HOUSE, n. A public establishment for the support 
of the poor. 

POOR-LAWS, n. pi. Laws for the support of the poor. 

POOR'JOHN (-jon), n. A fish of the cod family ; the com- 
mon hake. 

POORLY, adv. 1. Without wealth ; in indigence. 2. With 
little or no success ; with little growth, profit, or advant- 
age. 3. Meanly; without spirit. — Dry den. 4. Without 
excellence or dignity. 

POOR'LY, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health. — 
Th. Scott. [Familiar.] 

POOR'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ; 
poverty ; want ; [rare] 2. Meanness ; lowness ; want of 
dignity. 3. Want of spirit. 4. Barrenness ; sterility. 5. 
Unproductiveness ; want of the metallic substance, as of 
ore. 6. Smallness, or bad quality. 7. Want of value or 
importance. 8. Want of good qualities, or the proper 
qualities which constitute a thing good in its kind. 9. Nar- 
rowness ; barrenness ; want of capacity. 

POOR'-SPiR'IT-ED, a. Of a mean spirit ; cowardly ; base. 

POOR'-SPiR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Meanness or baseness of 
spirit ; cowardice. — South. 

POP, n. [D. pocp.] A small, smart, quick sound or report. 

POP, v. i. 1. To enter or issue forth with a quick, sudden 
motion. 2. To dart ; to start from place to place suddenly. 

POP, v. t. To thrust or push suddenly with a quick motion. 

■—To pop off, to thrust away ; to shift off.— Locke. 
POP, adv. Suddenly ; with sudden entrance or appearance. 
P5PE, n. [Gr. rra-rra, TzaiT-aS, T?-nnroS ; Low L. papa ; Sp., It, 
Pert, papa; Fr. pape.] 1. The Bishop of Rome, the head 
of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. "A small fish, of the 
perch family; called, also, a ruff. — Walton. 



PoPE'-JoAN (-jone), n. A game of cards. — Jennet. 

PoPE'S'-EyE, n. [pope and eye.] The gland surrounded 
with fat in the middle of the thigh.— Johnson. 

PoPE'S'-HeAD, n. A large round brush with a long han 
die, for dusting ceilings. — Halliwell. 

PoPE'D6M, n. 1. The place, office, or dignity of the pope , 
papal dignity. 2. The jurisdiction of the pope. 

PoPE'LING, n. An adherent of the pope. 

PoP'ER-Y, n. The religion of the Roman Catholic Church, 
comprehending doctrines and practices. — Swift. 

POP'GUN, n. A small gun or tube used by children to shoot 
wads and make a noise. — Cheyne. • 

POP'IN-JaY, 7i. [Sp. papagayo.] 1. A parrot. — Grew. 2. A 
woodpecker, a bird with a gay head. The green wood- 
pecker, a bird with a scarlet crown, a native of Europe. 

3. A gay, trifling young man ; a fop or coxcomb. 
PoP'ISH, a. Relating to the pope ; taught by the pope , 

pertaining to the pope, or to the Roman Catholic Church 

PoP'ISH-LY, adv. In a popish manner ; with a tendency to 
popery. 

POP'LAR, n. [L. populus ; Fr. peuplier.] A tree of the ge- 
nus populus, of several species, all of rapid growth, with 
soft wood. 

POP'LIN, n. A stuff made of silk and worsted. It contains 
more silk than bombazine. 

POP-LITE-AL, ) a. [L. poples.] Pertaining to the posterior 

POP-LITIC, > P^ of the knee-joint or ham.— Brando, 

POPPED (popt), pp. Darted in or out suddenly. 

POP'PET. See Puppet. 

POP'PING, ppr. Entering or issuing forth with a quick, 
sudden motion. 

POP'PY, n. [Sax. popeg ; Fr. pavot ; L. papaver.] A plant 
of the genus papaver, of several species, from one of which, 
the somnifei-um, or white poppy, is collected opium. 

POP'U-LACE, n. [Fr. ; It. popolaccio.] The common peo- 
ple ; the vulgar ; the multitude ; the commonalty ; the mob. 

POP'U-LA-CY, n. The populace or common people. 

POP'U-LAR, a. [Fr. populaire ; Sp. popular ; L. popularis.] 

1. Pertaining to the common people. 2. Suitable to com- 
mon people ; familiar ; plain ; easy to be comprehended ; 
not critical or abstruse. 3. Beloved by the people ; enjoy- 
ing the favor of the people ; pleasing to people in general. 

4. Ambitious; studious of the favor of the people ; [rare.] 

5. Prevailing among the people ; extensively prevalent. — 

6. In law, a popular action is one which gives a penalty to 
the person that sues for the same. 

POP-U-LAR'I-TY, n. [L. popularitas.] 1. Favor of the peo 
pie ; the state of possessing the affections and confidence 
of the people in general. 2. Representation suited to com- 
mon conception ; that which is intended or adapted to pro- 
cure the favor of the people. — Bacon; [little used.] 

POP'U-LAR-lZE, v. t. To make suitable to the commoD 
mind ; to spread among the people. — Beddoes. 

POP'U-LAR-lZiJD, pp. Made popular or introduced among 
the people._ 

POP'U-LAR-iZ-ING, ppr. Making popular, or introducing 
among the people. 

POP'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a popular manner. — Dryden. 2. 
According to the conceptions of the common people. 

POP'U-LaTE, v. i. [It. popolare, from L. populus.) To breed 
people ; to propagate. — Bacon. 

POP'U-LaTE, v. t. To people ; to furnish with inhabitants. 

t POP'U-LATE, fox populous. 

POP'U-La-TED, pp. Furnished with inhabitants ; peopled. 

POP'U-La-TING, ppr. Peopling. 

POP-U-LaTION, ii. 1. The act or operation of peopling or 
furnishing with inhabitants ; multiplication of inhabitants 

2. The whole number of people or inhabitants in a coun- 
try or portion of a country. 3. The state of a country 
with regard to its number of inhabitants, or rather with 
regard to its numbers compared with their expenses, con- 
sumption of goods and productions, and earnings. 

POP'U-LIN, n. A crystallizable substance separated from 

the bark of the populus tremula, or aspen. — Brande. 
t POP-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Populousness.— Brown. 
POP'U-LOUS, a. [L. populosus.] Full of inhabitants ; con 

taining many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of 

the country. 
POP'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With many inhabitants in propor 

tion to the extent of country. 
POP'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The- state of having many inhabit 

ants in proportion to the extent of country. 
POR'BeA-GLE, \n. A species of shark, the lamna cornu- 
PRo'BeA-GLE. 5 bica.— Yarrell. 

POR'CATE, \ a. [L. porca.] Ridged ; formed in ridges.- • 
POR'Ca-TED, 5 Asiat. Res. 
PoR'CE-LAIN, n. [Sp., Port, porcelana ; Fr. porcelain e.] 1. 

The finest species of earthen-ware, which is white and 

semi-transparent, originally manufactured in China and 

Japan, but now made in several European countries. 2 

The plant called purslain, which see. 
POR-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a [from porcelain.] Pertaining to 

or resembling porcelain. — Hatchett. 



r See Synopsis A K, I, &c, long.— a, k, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;- MARINE, BtRD ;— MOV E, BOOK, 



POR 



761 



POR 



^OR'CEL-LA-NlTE, n. A semi-vitrified clay or shale, some- 
what resembling jasper. — Dana. 

TORCH, n. [Fr. porche.) 1. In architecture, a kind of vesti- 
bule, at the entrance of temples, halls, churches, or other 
buildings. 2. A portico ; a covered walk. 3. By way of 
distinction, the porch was a public portico in Athens, where 
Zeno, the founder of the sect of Stoic philosophers, taught 
his disciples. 

POR'ClNE, a. [L. porcinus.] Pertaining to swine. 

POR'CU-PlNE, n. [It. porco-spinoso ; Sp. puerco-espin ; Port. 
porco-cspin?io.] In zoology, a quadruped of the genus hys- 
trix of Linnaeus, furnished with spines or quills upon the 
body. The crested porcupine has a body about two feet 
long, covered with prickles which are very sharp, and 
some of them twelve inches long ; these he can erect at 
pleasure L 

POR'CU-PlNE-FISH, n. A fish of the tropical seas, covered 
with spines, which are capable of being erected by its in- 
flating the body. 

P5RE, n. [Fr. pore; Sp., It. poro.] 1. In anatomy, a minute 
interstice in the skin of an animal, through which the per- 
spirable matter passes to the surface or is excreted. 2. 
A small spiracle, opening, or passage in other substances. 

PoKE. v. i. [qu. Gr. zepopu, e(popau>.] To look with steady, 
continued attention or application. — Shak. 

PoRE, r t. To examine : with on.— Milton. 

PoRE'BLlND, \ a. [qu. Gr. rrajfloy.] Near-sighted ; short- 

PURBLlND, j sighted.— Bacon. 

PoR'ER, n. One who pores or studies diligently. 

POR'GEE, 1 n. A salt-water fish of the gilt-head kind, much 

POR'GY, ) esteemed for food ; also written poggy. 

Po'RI-FORM, a. Resembling a pore or small puncture. 

PoR'I-NESS, n. The state of being pory or having numer- 
ous pores. — Wiseman. 

PoR'ING, ppr. Looking with steady, continued application. 

Po'RISM, n. [Gr. ixopit^ioi.] 1. In geometry, a proposition 
affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will 
render a certain problem indeterminate or capable of in- 
numerable solutions. — Plaijfair. 2. The term porism was 
also used by the Greek geometricians in the sense of cor- 
ollary. — Brande. 

PO-RIS-MAT'IC, ) 

PO-RISTI€, >a. Pertaining to a porism. 

PO-RIS'TIC-AL, ) 

Po'RlTE, n. ; pi. Pokites. A name given to corals which 
have the surface covered with small cells, very shallow 
or superficial. — Dana. 

PoRK, n. [L.porcus ; Fr. pore] The flesh of swine, fresh 
_or salted, used for food. 

PoRK'-eAT-ER, n. One who feeds on swine's flesh. 

PoRK'ER, n. 1. A hog. Walt. Scott.— -2. A young pig for 
roasting. — Encyc. Dom. Econ. 

PoRK'ET, n. A young hog.— Dryden. 

PoRK'LING, n. A pig.— fusser. 

PO-ROS'I-TY, 72. The quality or state of having pores or 
interstices ; opposed to density. — Bacon. 

Po'ROUS, a. Having interstices in the skin or substance of 
Jhe body ; having spiracles or passages for fluids. 

Po'ROUS-LY, adv. With porousness. 

Po'ROUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of having pores ; poros- 
ity. 2. The porous parts ; [not authorized!] 

POR-PHY-RITI€, > a. 1. Pertaining to porphyry ; re- 

POR-PHY-Ra'CEOUS, 5 sembling porphyry ; containing 
distinct feldspar crystals uniformly disseminated, as gran- 
ite. 2. Containing or composed of porphyry. 

POR'PHY-RlZE, v. t. To cause to resemble porphyry ; to 
make spotted in its composition. — Cooper. 

POR-PHY-RiZjBD, pp. or a. Caused to resemble porphyry. 

POR'PHY-RY, n. [Gr. noptbvpa; L. porphyrites ; Fr. por- 
phyron] A rock consisting of a compact feldspathic base, 
through which crystals of feldspar of a lighter color are 
disseminated. There are red, purple, and green varieties, 
which are highly esteemed for ornamental purposes, — 
Dana. 

PORTHY-RY-SHELL, n. A univalve shell of the genus 
murex, one species of which aflbrded the Tyrian purple dye. 

POR'POISE (por'pus), n. [It. porco, hog, and pesce, fish ; 
hence the spelling porpess would be preferable.] In zoolo- 
gy, the hog-fish or sea-hog, a cetaceous mammal, which 
hves on other fish, and often roots like a hog in the mud. 

POR -R.A. CEOUS (-shus), a [L. porraceous.] Greenish ; re- 
sembling the leek in color. — Wiseman. 
POR-RECT', a. In zoology, denoting a part which extends 
forth horizontally. 

} POR-RES'TION, n. [L . porrectio.] The act of stretching 

forth. 
POR/RET, n. [L. porrum ; It. porro, porretta.] A scahion ; 

a leek or small onion.— Brown. 
POR'RlDGE, n. [qu. pottage, by corruption.] A kind of 
food made by boiling meat in water ; broth. — In America, 
meal or flour boiled with water is called porridge. 
PORTtiDGE-POT, n. The pot in which porridge is 
boiled. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl'dOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S 



POR'RIN-GER n. [qu. porridge.] 1. A small metal vessel 
in which children eat porridge or milk. 2. A head-dress 
in the shape of a porringer ; [in contempt.]— Shak. 

PORT, n. [Fr., from L. portus ; Sp. puerto ; It. porto.) 1. 
Any bay, cove, inlet, or recess of the sea or of a lake, or 
the mouth of a river, which ships or vessels can enter, and 
where they can lie safe from injury by storms. 2. (L. 
porta.] A gate. — Milton. 3. An embrasure or opening in 
the side of a ship of war, through which cannon are dis- 
charged ; a port-hole. 4. The lid which shuts a port-hole. 

5. Manner of movement or walk , external appearance. — 

6. In seamen's language, the larboard or left side of a ship. 

7. A dark purple astringent wine made in Portugal, so 
called from Oporto, whence it is shipped.— Port of entry, a 
port where a custom-house is established for the entry of 
goods.— Pari of the voice, in music, the faculty or habit of 
making the shakes, passages and diminutions.— Svn. Har- 
bor ; haven ; air ; mien ; bearing ; carriage ; demeanor ; 
behavior ; deportment. 

PORT, v. t. 1. To carry in form.— Milton. 2. To turn or 
put to the left or larboard side of a ship. 

PoRT-BaR, n. A bar to secure the ports of a ship in a 
gale of wind. 

t PoRT-CAN'ON, n. A kind of boot, or, rather, boot-top, 
covering the knees. — Toone. 

PoRT-CAaRG-ES, n. pi. In commerce, charges to which a 
ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor, as wharfage, &c. 

PoRT'-€Ra"£-ON, n. A small metallic handle with a clasp 
for holding a crayon when used in drawing, Sic. 

PoRT'-FlRE, n. A composition of saltpetre, sulphur, and 
mealed powder, driven into a case of strong paper, and 
used instead of a match for setting fire to powder, &.c. 

PoRT-Fo'LIO (-fol'yo), n. [Fr. portefeuille.] A case of the 
jize of a large book, to keep loose papers -in. 

PoRT'-HoLE, n. The embrasure of a ship of war. 

PoRT-LID, n. The lid that closes a port-hole. 

PoRT'-MAN, n. [port and man.] An inhabitant or burgess, 
as of a cinque-port. 

P5RT-M5TE, n. [port, and Sax. mot.] Anciently, a court 
held in a port town. — Blackstone. 

PoRT-RoPE, 72. A rope to draw up a port-lid. 

PoRT'-WINE. See Port, n., No. 7. 

PoRT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Fitness to be carried. [But portable- 
ness is mostly used.] 

PoRTA-BLE, a. [It. portabile.] 1. That may be earned by 
the hand or about the person, on horseback or in a travel- 
ing vehicle ; not bulky or heavy ; that may be easily con- 
veyed from place to place with one's traveling baggage. 
2. That may be carried from place to place. 3. That may 
be borne along with one. 4. Sufferable ; supportable. — 
Shak. ; [obs.] 

PoRTA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being portable. 

PORTAGE, 72,. [Fr.] I. The act of carrying. 2. The price 
of carriage. — Fell. 3. A port-hole. — Shak.; [unusual.] 4. 
A carrying-place over land between navigable waters. 

PoRT'AL, n. [It. portella ; Fr. portail.] 1. In architecture, the 
lesser gate, where there are two gates of different dimen- 
sions. — 2. Formerly, a little square corner of a room, separ- 
ated from the rest by a wainscot, and forming a short 
passage into a room. 3. The frame-work or arch of a dc.or 
or gate. 4. A gate ; an opening for entrance. 

t PoRTANCE, n. [from Fr. porter, to carry.] Air ; mien : 
carriage ; port ; demeanor. — Spenser.— Shak. 

t PoRTASS, ii. A breviary ; a prayer-book. — Spenser. 

t PoRT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. portalif] Portable.— Chaucer. 

PoRT-CUL'LIS, 72.. 1. In fortification, an assemblage of tim- 
bers joined across one another, like those of a harrow, 
and each pointed with iron, hung over the gateway of a 
fortified town, to be let down in case of sm-prise, to pre- 
vent the entrance of an enemy. — 2. In heraldry, see Pur- 
suivant. 

PoRT-CUL'LIS, v. t. To shut ; to bar ; to obstruct. 

PoRT-CULLlSED (-kul'list), a. Having a portcullis. 

PoRTE, 7i. The government of the Turkish Cmpire, offi- 
cially called the Sublime Porte, from the gate (port) of tho 
sultan's palace, where justice was administered. 

PoRTE CROIX (-krwa), «. In heraldry, see Pursuivant. 

PORTE-FEUIL'LE (port-ful'ye). [Fr.] 1. A port-folio or 
place for holding papers, drawings, &c. Hence, 2. The 
office or functions of a minister of state.— Diet, de V Acad. 

PORTED, pp. or a. 1. Having gates.— Ben Jouson ; [obs.] 
2. Borne in a certain or regular order. — Jones. 

POR-TEND', v. t. [L. portendo.] To indicate something fu- 
ture by previous signs. — Syn. To foreshow ; foretoken ; 
betoken j forebode ; augur ; presage ; threaten. 

POR-TEND'ED, pp. Foreshown ; previously indicated by 
signs. 

POR-TENDTNG, ppr. Foreshowing. 

t POR-TEN'SION, 7i. The act of foreshowing. 

POR-TENT, n. [L. portentum.] An omen of ill ; any pre- 
vious sign or prodigy indicating the approach of evil or 
calamity. — Drvdcn. 
PORTENTOUS, a. [L. portentosus.] 1. Omipous ; fore- 

Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



POS 



'/62 



POS 



showing ill. 2. Monstrous ; prodigious ; wonderful ; [hi 
an ill sense.] 

?ORTENTOUS-LY, adv. In a portentous manner. 

PORTER, n. [It. portiere ; Fr. portier.] 1. A man that has 
the charge of a door or gate ; a door-keeper. 2. One who 
waits at the door to receive messages. 3. [Fr. porteur, 
from porter, to carry.] A carrier ; a person who carries 
or conveys burdens for hire. 4. A malt liquor of a dark 
brown color and moderately bitter taste, and possessing 
tonic and intoxicating qualities. 

PORTERAGE, n. I. Money charged or paid for the car- 
riage of burdens by a porter. — Tooke. 2. The business of 
a porter or door-keeper. — Churchill. 

f PoRTER-LY, a. Coarse ; vulgar.— Bray. 

PoRTESSE, n. A breviary or pci table book of prayers. 

I PoRTGLaVE, n. [Fr. porter, and W. glaiv.] A sword- 
bearer. — Ainsworth. 

PoRT'GRaVE, } n. [L. portus, and Ger. graf] Formerly, 

PoRTGReVE, \ the chief magistrate of a port or mari- 

P5RTREEVE, ) time town. 

PoRTI-€0, n. [It. portico ; L. portions.] In architecture, 
originally, a colonnade or covered ambulatory; but at 
present, a covered space inclosed by columns at the en- 
hance of a building. — P. Oyc. 

PORTION, n. [L. portio.] I. In general, a part of any thing 
separated from it. 2. A part, though not actually divided, 
but considered by itself. 3. A part assigned. 4. The part 
of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him 
by law. 5. A wife's fortune. — Syn. Division ; share ; par- 
cel ; quantity ; allotment ; dividend. 

PORTION, v. t. I. To divide ; to parcel ; to allot a share 
^>r shares. 2. To endow. 

PoR'TIONjBD, pp. or a. 1. Divided into -shares or parts. 2. 
Jmdowed ; furnished with a portion. 

PoRTlON-ER n. One who divides or assigns in shares. 

PoRTION-ING, ppr. Dividing; endowing. 

PoRTION-IST, n. 1. One who has a certain academical 
allowance. See Postmaster, No. 3. 2. The incumbent 
of a benefice which has more rectors or vicars than one. 

PoRTION-LESS, a. Having no portion. 

P5RTLAND-ST5NE, n. A yellowish white limestone, 
from the isle of Portland, in England, much used for 
building-stone.— Brande. 

piRToSI'C-tiz) > The S— le of a shi P" 

PoRTLI-NESS, n. Dignity ot mien or of personal appear- 
ance, consisting in size and symmetry of body, with digni- 
fied manners and demeanor. 

P5RTLY, a. 1. Grand or dignified in mien ; of a noble ap- 
pearance and carriage. 2. Bulky ; corpulent. 

PoRT-MANTEAU (port-man'to), n. [Fr. porte-manteau. It 
is often pronounced portmantU.] A bag, usually made of 
leather, for carrying apparel and other furniture on jour- 
neys, particularly on horseback. 

PoRTOlSE. See Portlast. 

PoR'TRaIT, n. [Fr. portrait.] A picture or representation 
of a person, and especially "of a face, drawn from the life. 
It is sometimes applied to the picture of any animal. 

f PoR'TRaIT, v. t. To portray ; to draw.— Spenser. 

PORTRAIT PaINTER, n. One whose occupation is to 
paint portraits. 

PoR'TRaIT PaINTING, n. The painting of portraits. 

PoRTRaIT-URE, n. [Fr.] 1. A portrait ; painted resem- 
blance. — Milton. 2. The drawing of portraits. — Walpole. 

PoR-TRaY', v. t. [Fr. portraire.] 1. To paint or draw the 
likeness of any thing in colors. 2. To describe in words. 
3. To adorn with pictures. 

PoR-TRaYAL, n. The act of portraying. 

P5R-TRaY£D' (por-trade'), pp. Painted or drawn to the 
life ; described. 

PoR-TRaY'ER, n. One who paints, draws to the life, or 
describes. 

PoR-TRa Y'ING, ppr. Painting or drawing the likeness of ; 
describing. 

PoRTRESS, I n. [from porter.] A female guardian of a 

P5RTER-ESS, > gate.— Milton. 

PORTREEVE, n. [The modern orthography of portgreve, 
which see.] The chief magistrate of a port or maritime 
town. 

f POR'WIG-LE, (wigl), n. A tadpole ; a young frog.— Brown. 

PoRY, a. Full of pores or small interstices. 

PoSE, n. In heraldry, a lion, horse, or other beast standing 
still, with all his feet on the ground. 

tPcSE, n. [Sax. gepose.] A stuffing of the head; catarrh. 
—Chaucer. 

POSE, v. t. [W. posiaw ; Fr. poser.] 1. To puzzle ; [a word 
of the same origin;] to set; to put to a stand or stop; to 
gravel. 2. To puzzle or put to a stand by asking difficult 
questions ; to set by questions ; hence, to interrogate 
closely, or with a view to scrutiny. 

P5S£D, pp. Puzzled ; put to a stand ; interrogated close- 
ly- 

PoS'ER, n. 1. One who puzzles by asking difficult ques- 



tions ; a close examiner. 2. Something, as a question, iu- 
gument, &c, that puzzles or puts to silence. 

PoSTNG, ppr. or a. Puzzling ; putting to a stand ; question- 
ing closely. 

PoSTNG-LY, adv. So as to puzzle. 

POS'IT-ED, a. [L. positus.] Put; set; placed. 

PO-Sl"TION (po-zish'un), n. [L. positio.] 1. State of being 
placed ; used often with reference to other objects, or to 
different parts of the same object. 2. Manner of standing 
or being placed. 3. Principle laid down ; something ad- 
vanced or affirmed as a fixed principle, or stated as the 
ground of reasoning, or to be proved. 4. The advance- 
ment of any principle. 5. State of affairs. 6. State in re- 
lation to others or to some subject ; as, to be in a false po- 
sition ; to define one's position. — 7. In grammar, the state 
of a vowel placed before two consonants. — 8. In arithme- 
tic, a method of solving a problem by one or two suppo- 
sitions ; called, also, the rule of trial and error. — Syn. Sit 
uation ; station ; place ; condition ; attitude ; posture ; 
proposition ; assertion ; thesis. 

t PO-Sl"TION-AL, a. Respecting position. — Brown. 

POSITIVE, a. [It. positivo ; Fr. positif ; Low L. positivus.] 
1. Properly, set ; laid down ; expressed ; direct ; explicit ; 
not implied. 2. Absolute ; express ; peremptory ; not ad- 
mitting any condition or discretion. 3. Absolute; real; 
actual ; existing in fact ; opposed to negative. 4. Direct ; 
express ; opposed to circumstantial. 5. Confident ; fully 
assured. 6. Dogmatic ; over-confident in opinion or as- 
sertion. 7. Settled by arbitrary appointment. — Hooker 
8. Having power to act directly. Swift. — Positive degree, 
in grammar, the simple state of an adjective, or when it is 
not compared. — Positive electricity, according to Dr. Frank- 
lin, the electricity which a body contains above its natural 
share. — Positive quantity, in algebra, an affirmative quanti- 
ty, or one to be added. 

POSITIVE, n. 1. What is capable of being affirmed ; real- 
ity. 2. That which settles by absolute appointment. — 3. 
In grammar, a word that affirms or asserts existence. 

POS'ITiVE-LY, adv. 1. Absolutely ; by itself, independent 
of any thing else ; not comparatively. 2. Not negatively ; 
really ; in its own nature ; directly ; inherently. 3. Cer- 
tainly ; indubitably. 4. Directly ; explicitly ; expressly. 
5. Peremptorily; in strong terms. 6. With full confidence 
or assurance. — Positively electrified. According to Dr. 
Franklin, a body is positively electrified when it contains 
more than its natural share of electricity, and negatively 
electrified when it contains less than its natural share. — 
Olmsted. 

POS'I-TlVE-NESS, n. 1. Actualness ; reality of existence ; 
not mere negation. 2. Undoubting assurance ; full confi- 
dence ; peremptoriness. 

t POS-ITIV'ITY, n. Peremptoriness.— Watts. 

t POS'I-TURE, for posture. See Posture. 

POS'NET, n. [W. posned.] A little basin ; a porringer, skil- 
let, or sauce-pan. — Owen. 

POS-O-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to posology. 

POS-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. woaos and Xoyos.] In medicine, tho 
science or doctrine of doses. — Amer. Dispcjisatory. . 

POS'PO-LITE, n. A kind of militia in Poland.— En eye. 

POSS, v. t. To dash about. — Halliwell. [Local.] 

POSSE €OM-l-TITUS. [L.] 1. In law, the power of the 
country, or the citizens, who are summoned to assist an 
officer in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal pre- 
cept which is forcibfy opposed. The word comitatus is 
often omitted, and posse alone is used in the same sense. 
Blackstone. — 2. In low language, a number or crowd of 
people ; a rabble. 

* POS-SESS', v. t. [L. possessus, possideo.] 1. To have the 
just and legal title, ownership, or property of a thing ; to 
own ; to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, or to 
hold both the title and the thing. 2. To hold ; to occupy 
without title or ownership. 3. To have ; to occupy. 4. 
To seize ; to gain ; to obtain the occupation of. 5. To 
have power over, as an invisible agent or spirit. — Luke, 
viii. 6. To affect by some power. — To possess of or with, 
more properly to possess of, is to give possession, com- 
mand, or occupancy. — To possess one's self of, to take or 
gain possession or command ; to make one's self master 
of. — To possess with, to furnish or fill with something per 
manent, or to be retained. — Addison. 

* POS-SESS.BD' (pos-sesf), pp. Held by lawful title : occu 
pied ; enjoyed ; affected by demons or invisible agents. 

* POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Having or holding by absolute right 
or title ; occupy in g ; enjoying. 

* POS-SES'SION (-sesh'un), n. 1. The having, holding, or 
detention of property in one's power or command ; actual 
seizing or occupancy. 2. The thing possessed ; land, es- 
tate, or goods owned. 3. Any thing valuable possessed 
or enjoyed. 4. The state of being under the power of 
demons or invisible beings ; madness ; lunacy.— Writ of 
possession, a precept directing a sheriff to put a person in 
peaceable possession of property recovered in ejectment. 
— To take possession, to enter on, or to bring within one's 



N - See Synopsis. A, K, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



POS 



763 



POS 



power or occupancy.— To give possession, to put in an- 
other's power or occupancy. 

* t POS-SES'SION, v. t. To invest with property.— Carew. 

* POS-SES'SION-ER, n One who has possession of a thing, 

or power over it. — Sidney. [Little used.] 

* POS-SESS'iVE, a. [L. possessivus.] Pertaining to posses- 
sion ; having possession. — Possessive case, in English 
grammar, is the genitive case, or case which expresses 
possession or relation. 

*POS-SESS'iVE-LY, adv. So as to denote possession. 

* POS-SESS'OR, n. 1. One who has possession. 2. One who 
has, holds, or enjoys any good or other thing. — Syn. Own- 
er ; proprietor ; master ; holder ; occupant. 

* POS-SESS'O-RY, a. Having possession. Howel. — Possess- 

ory action, in law, an action or suit in which the right of 
possession only, and not that of property, is contested. 

POS'SET, n. [W. posel] Milk curdled with wine or other 
liquor. — Dry den. 

POS'SET, v. t. To curdle ; to turn.— Shak. 

POS'SET-ED, pp. Curdled; turned. 

POS'SET-ING, ppr. Curdling as milk. 

POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. possibility.] The power of being 
or existing ; the power of happening ; the state of being 
possible, or of being not impossible, though improbable. 

POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. possible ; L. possibili-s.] That may 
be or exist ; that may be now, or may happen or come 
to pass ; that may be done ; practicable ; not contrary to 
the nature of things ; not impossible, though improbable. 

POS'SI-BLY, adv. 1. By any power, moral or physical, re- 
ally existing. 2. Without involving impossibility or ab- 
surdity. — Syn. Perhaps ; peradventure ; perchance. 

POS'SUM. To play possum, to act possum, is applied to a 
person who, when caught, feigns himself dead, from a 
characteristic of the opossum. See Opossum. [Am.] 

fPoST, a. [from Fr. aposter.] Suborned; hired to do what 
is wrong. — Sandys. 

PoST, n. [W. post ; D., Dan., Sw. post ; Fr. poste.] 1. A piece 
of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake, and in- 
tended to support something else. 2. A military station ; 
the place where a single soldier or a body of troops is sta- 
tioned. 3. The troops stationed in a particular place, or 
the ground they occupy. 4. A public office or employ- 
ment, that is, a fixed place, station, or situation. 5. A 
messenger, or a carrier of letters and papers ; one who 
carries letters regularly ; the mail. 6. A seat or situation. 
7. A sort of writing-paper, such as is used for letters ; let- 
ter-paper. 8. An old game at cards. — 9. In architecture 
and sculpture, a term applied to certain ornaments shaped 
after the manner of rolls or wreathings. Elmes. — To ride 
post, to be employed to carry dispatches and papers ; to 
ride with rapidity. Hence, post, as an adverb, with rapid- 
ity or expedition. — To travel post, to travel with post- 
Jiorses. — Knight of the post. See Knight. 

POST, v. i. [Fr. poster.] 1. To travel with post-horses. Hence, 
2. To travel with speed. 

PoST, v. t. 1. To fix to a post. 2. To expose to public re- 
proach by fixing the name to a post ; to expose to oppro- 
brium by some public action. 3. To advertise on a post 
or in a puYic place. — Laws of New England. 4. To set ; 
to placr». . to station. 5. To place in the post-office ; as, to 
post letters. [England.]— 6. In book-keeping, to carry ac- 
counts from the waste-book or journal to the ledger. — To 
post off, to put oft'; to delay. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

PoST. A Latin preposition, signifying after. It is used in 
this sense, in composition, in many English words. 

PoST-BILL. n. A bill of letters mailed by a postmaster. 

PoST-BOY, n. A boy who rides post ; a courier. — Tatler. 

PoST-cHaISE, > n. A carriage with four wheels for the 

PoST-€oACH, J conveyance of travelers who travel with 
post-horses. 

PoST-DaTE, v. t. [L. post and date.] To date after the 
real time. 

PoST'-DaT-ED. pp. Dated after the real time. 

PoST-DaT-LNG, ppr. Dating after the real time. 

PoST-DaY, n. A day on which the mail arrives or departs. 

PoST-DIS-SeFZIN, n. In law, a subsequent disseizin. 

PoST-DIS-SeI'ZOR, n. A person who disseizes another 
of lands which he had before recovered of the same per- 
son. — Blackstone. 

P5ST-EN-TRY, n. 1. A second or subsequent entry at 
the custom-house of goods which had been previously 
omitted by mistake. — 2. In book-keeping, an additional or 
subsequent entry. — M'Culloch. 

PoST-EX-ISTENCE (x as gz), n. Subsequent existence. 

PoST-FA€T, a. [L. post-factum.] Relating to a fact that 
occurs after another ; or, as a noun, a fact that occurs 
after another. 

PoST'-FlNE, 7i. In English law. a fine due to the king by 
prerogative, after a licentia concordandi given in a fine of 
lands "and tenements. — Blackstone. 

PoST'-HACK-NEY, n. A hired post-horse. 
PoST'-HXSTE'. re. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of 
a post or courier. — Shak. 



PoST'-HaSTE', adv. With speed or expedition. 

PoST-HORN, n. [post and horn.] A horn or trumpet used 
by a carrier of the public mail or a coachman. — Coioper. 

PoST-HORSE, n. A term applied to horses stationed at 
certain distances on a road for the rapid conveyance of 
couriers, passengers, &c. 

PoST'-HOUSE, n. 1. A house where a post-office i3 kept 
for receiving and dispatching letters by public mails ; a 
post-office; [little used.] 2. A house where post-horse? 
are kept. 

PoST-MaRK, n. The mark or stamp of a post-office on a 
letter. 

PoST-MaRK, v. t. To affix the stamp or mark of the post- 
office, as to letters, &c. 

PoST'-ME-RIDI-AN, n. [L. post-meridianus.] Being or be- 
longing to the afternoon. — Bacon. 

POST-MORTEM. [L.] After death. A post-mortem exam- 
ination of a body is one made after the death of the patient 

PoST-NoTE, n. [post and note.] In commerce, a promissory 
note issued by a bank, and made payable at some future 
_specified time ; whence its name, post-note. 

PoST-NUP'TIAL (-shal), a. Being or happening after mar- 
riage. — Kent. 

PoST-OB'IT, n. [L. post and obitus.] 1. A bond in which 
the obligor, on consideration of having received a certain 
sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, or un- 
usual interest, on the death of some specified individual 
from whom he has expectations. Bouvier. — 2. Post-obit is 
used by physicians precisely like post-mortem. 

FoST-OF-FICE, n. An office or house where letters are 
received for delivery and for transmission. 

PoST'-PaID. a. Having the postage paid, as a letter. 

PoST'-TOWN, n. 1. A town in which a post-office is estab- 
lished. 2. A town in which post-horses are kept. 

t PoSTA-BLE, a. That may be carried. — Montague. 

POSTAGE, re, 1. The price established by law to be paid 
for the conveyance of a letter in a public mail. 2. A port- 
age. — Smollet ; [obs.] 

PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AL, )a. [L. post and diluvium.] Being or 

PoST-DI-Lu'VT-AN, J happening posterior to the flood in 
Noah's days. 

PoST-DI-Lii'VI-AN, n. A person who lived after the flood, 
or who has lived since that event. — Grew. 

PoSTE-A n. [L.] The record of what is done in a cause 
subsequent to the joining of issue and awarding of trial. — 
Blackstone. 

POSTED, pp. 1. Placed ; stationed. 2. Exposed on a post 
or by public notice. 3. Carried to a ledger, as accounts. 

POSTER, n. I. One who posts ; also, a courier ; one who 
travels expeditiously. 2. A large bill posted for adver- 
tising. 

POS-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. ; Fr. posterieur.] 1. Later or subse- 
quent in time. 2. Later in the order of proceeding or 
moving: ; coming after. 

POS-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. [Fr. posteriority.] The state of be- 
ing later or subsequent. — Hale. 

POS-TE'RI-OR-LY, adv. Subsequently; afterward. 

POS-Te'RI-ORS, n. pi. The hinder parts of an animal body. 
—Swift. 

POS-TER'I-TY, a. [Fr. posterite ; L. posteritas.] 1. Descend- 
ants ; children, children's children, Sec, indefinitely ; the 
race that proceeds from a progenitor. — 2. In a general 
sense, succeeding generations. — Pope. 

PoS'TERN, n. [Fr. ptoerne.] 1. Primarily, a back door or 
gate ; a private entrance , hence, any small door or gate. 
Dryden. — 2. In fortification, a small gate or passage under 
a rampart, leading into the ditch. 

PoS'TERN, a. Back; being behind; private. — Dryden. 

POSTFIX, 72, [L. post and fix.] In grammar, a letter, sylla 
ble, or word added to the end of another word ; a suffix. 
— Parkhurst. 

Po3T-FIX',u. t. To add or annex a letter, syllable, or word 
to the end of another or principal word. 

PoST-FIXED'Cpost-fixf), pp. Added to the end of a word. 

PoST-FIX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word. 

TPOSTTIUME, a. Posthumous.— Watts. 

* POSTHU-MOUS, a. [L. post and humus.] 1. Born after 

the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of 
the mother, as a child. 2. Published after the death of 
the author, as works. 3. Being after one's decease, as 
fame. 

* POST'HU-MOUS-LY. adv. After one's decease, 
t POS'TIC, a. [L. posticus.] Backward.— Brown. 
POS'TIL, re. [L. post ilia.] 1. A marginal note. — 2. In the 

Roman Catholic and Lutheran Churches, a homily to be 

read after the gospel, quasi post ilia, sc. Evangelica. 
POSTIL, v. t. [It. postillare.] To write marginal notes ; to 

gloss ; to illustrate with marginal notes. — Bacon. 
POS'TIL, v. i. To comment; to make illustrious. — Skeltotu 
POS'TIL.ED, pp. Illustrated with marginal notes. 
POS'TIL-ER, n. One who writes marginal notes ; one 

who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin. 
POSTIL-INC, ppr. Writing in marginal notes. 



Do VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'ClOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



POS 



764 



POT 



K)STIL-LaTE, v. i. or t. Formerly, to preach by expound- 
ing Scripture, verse by verse, in order. 

POS-TIL-La'TION, n. Exposition of Scripture in preaching. 

POSTIL-La-TOR, n. One who expounds Scripture, verse 
by verse. — Henry, Brit. 

* POSTILLION (pos-til'yun), n. [Fr. postilion.] One who 
rides and guides the first pair of horses in a coach or oth- 
er carriage ; also, one who rides one of the horses. 

POSTING, ppr. 1. Setting up on a post ; exposing the name 
or character to reproach by public advertisement. 2. 
Placing; stationing. 3. Transferring accounts to a ledger. 
4. Traveling with post-horses. 

POSTING, n. I. The transferring of accounts to a ledger. 
2. The traveling post or with post-horses. 

POSTlQUE, n. An ornament of sculpture superadded aft- 
er the original design had been completed. — Francis. 

POST-LI-MIN'I-AR, I a. Contrived, done, or existing sub- 

POST-LI-MIN'I-OUS, 5 sequently. 

PoST-LI-MIN'I-UM, ? n. [L. post and liriien.] Postliminium, 

PoST-LIM'I-NY, 5 among the Romans, was the return 
of a person to his own country who had gone to sojourn 
in a foreign country. — In the modern law of nations, the 
right of postliminy is that by virtue of which persons and 
things, taken by an enemy in war, are restored to their 
former state, when coming again under the power of the 
nation to which they belonged. 

POSTMAN, n. A post or courier ; a letter-carrier. 

PoSTMaSTER, n. 1. The officer who has the superintend- 
ence and direction of a post-office. — 2. On the continent of 
Europe, one who provides post-horses. — 3. At Merton Col- 
lege, Oxford, the scholars who are supported on the foun- 
dation are called postmasters, or portionists (portionista). 
Oxford Guide. — Postmaster-general is the chief officer of 
jhe post-office department. 

PoSTNaTE, a. [L. post and natus.] Subsequent. [Rare.] 

PoST-PoNE', v. t. [L. postpono.] 1. To put off to a future 
or later time. 2. To set below something else in value or 
importance. Locke. — Syn. To adjourn; defer; delay; 
procrastinate ; retard ; hinder. 

POSTPONED' (post-pond'), pp. Delayed ; deferred to a fu- 
ture time ; set below in value. 

PoST-PONE'MENT, n. The act of deferring to a future 
time ; temporary delay of business. — T. Pickering. 

\ POST-PON'ENCE, n. Dislike.— Johnson. 

PoST-PoN'ER, n. One who delays or puts off.—Paley. 

PoST-PoN'ING, ppr. Deferring to a future time. 

PoST-PO-Sf'TION (-zish'un), n. [post and position.] The 
state of being put back or out of the regular place. 

POSTPOSITIVE, a. Placed after something else, as a 
word. 

POST-RE-MOTE', a. [post and remote.] More remote in 
subsequent time or order. — Darwin. 

PoST-SCe'NI-UM, n. The back part of the theatre behind 
the scenes. 

POSTSCRIPT, n. [L. post and scriptum.] A paragraph 
added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the 
writer ; or any addition made to a book or composition 
after it had been supposed to be finished. — Addison. 

POSTSCRIPT-ED, a. Added in a postscript.— J. Q. Adams. 

POSTU-LANT, n. One who makes a demand or request. 

POSTU-LATE, n. [L. postulatum.] 1. A position or suppo- 
sition assumed without proof, or one which is considered 
as self-evident, or too plain to require illustration. — 2. In 
mathematics, a self-evident problem, or one which is so 
obvious as to need no demonstration or explication. — 
Hutton. 

POSTU-LaTE, v. t. 1. To beg or assume without proof. 
— Brown; [little used.] 2. To invite; to solicit; to require 
by entreaty. — Burnet. 3. To assume ; to take without 
positive consent. — Tooke. 

POSTU-La-TED, pp. Assumed without proof ; invited. 

POST'U-La-TING, ppr. Assuming; inviting; soliciting. 

POST-U-LaTION, n. [L. postulatio.] 1. The act of sup- 
posing without proof ; gratuitous assumption. 2. Suppli- 
cation ; intercession ; also, suit ; cause. 

I'OSTU-LATO-RY, a. 1. Assuming without proof. 2. As- 
sumed without proof. — Brown. 

POST-U-LaTUM, n. [L.} A postulate.— Addison. 

POSTURE (post'yur), n. [Fr. ; L. positura.] 1. In painting 
and sculpture, attitude ; position ; the situation of a figure 
with regard to the eye, and of the several principal mem- 
bers with regard to each other, by which action is ex- 
pressed. 2. Situation ; condition ; particular state with 
regard to something else. 3. Situation of the body. 4. 
State ; condition. 5. The situation or disposition of the 
several parts of the body with respect to each other, or 
with respect to a particular purpose. 6. Disposition ; 
frame. 

POSTURE, v. t. To place in a particular manner ; to dis- 
pose the parts of a body for a particular purpose. 

POSTURE-MASTER, n. One who teaches or practices 
artificial postures of the body. — Spectator. 

POSTURfiD, pp. Placed in a particular manner. 

* -See Synopsis. A. K, I, <fcc, long. — a. E. r, &c. short. — FXR, F 



POSTUR ING, ppr. Disposing the parts of the body lor a 
particular purpose. 

Po'SY, n. [qu. poesy.] 1. A motto inscribed on a ring, &t 
— Addison. 2. A bunch of flowers. — Spenser. 

POT, n. [Fr. pot; Ir. pota; Sw. potta; Dan. potte; W. pot,.^ 
1. A vessel more deep than broad, made of earth, or iron 
or other metal, used for several domestic purposes. 2 
The quantity contained in a pot ; as, a pot of ale, that is, r 
quart. 3. A sort of paper of small-sized sheets. — To go tc 
pot, to be destroyed, ruined, wasted, or expended ; [low.] 

POT, v. t. 1. To preserve seasoned in pots. 2. To inclose 
or cover in pots of earth. 3. To put in casks for draining 
as sugar. 

POT'-aLE, n. [pot and ale.] A name in some places given 
to the refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten swine. 

POT-BEL-LIED, a. Having a prominent belly. 

POT-BEL-LY, n. A protuberant belly. . 

POT-BOY, n. A menial in a public house. 

POT-COM-PAN'ION, n. A companion in drinking. 

t POT'-GUN, for pop-gun.— Swift. 

POT-HANG-ER, n. [pot and hanger.] A pot-hook. 

POT-HERB (pof-erb), n. A term applied to herbs which 
are added to soups, stews, and various dishes, to increase 
their nutritious qualities, or to give them flavor, as parsley, 
&c. — En eye. of Dom. Econ. 

POT-HOOK, n. 1. A hook on which pots and kettles are 
hung over the fire. 2. A letter or character like a pot- 
hook ; a scrawled letter. 

POT-HOUSE, n. A low drinking-house. 

POT-LID, n. The lid or cover of a pot.— Derham. 

POT-LUCK, n. What may chance to be provided for din- 
ner. — Halliwell. 

POT-MAN, n. A pot-companion. 

POT-SToNE, n. A mineral ; a variety of steatite, some- 
times manufactured into culinary vessels. 

POT-VAL'IANT, a. [pot and valiant.] Courageous over 
the cup ; heated to valor by strong drink. 

Po'TA-BLE.a. (Fr. ; Low L. potdbilis.] Drinkable.— Milto-i. 

Po'TA-BLE, n. Something that may be drank. 

Po'TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being drinkablo 

POTAgE, n. Sec Pottage. 

POTA-gER, n. [from potage.] A porringer. — Grew. 

PO-TAG'RO, \ u. A kind of pickle imported from the Wesl 

PO-TaR'GO, j Indies.— King. 

POT-A-MOL'O-gY, n. [Gr. irorauos, a river, and Xoyos, dis 
_course.] A treatise on rivers. 

Po'TANCE, n. With watchmakers, the stud in which the 
lower pivot of the verge is placed.— Scott. 

POTASH, n [pot and ashes ; D.potasch; Dan. potaskc : Fr 
potasse.] The popular name of the vegetable fixed alkali 
in an impure state, procured from the ashes of plants by 
lixiviation and evaporation. 

PO-TAS'SA, ii. The scientific name of pure potash. 

PO-TAS'SI-UM, n. The metallic basis of pure potash. 

PO-TITION, n. [L. potatio.] 1. A drinking or drinking 
bout. 2. A draught. 3. A species of drink. — Shak. 

PO-Ta'TO, n. [Ind. batatas.] A plant, and the esculent part 
of the root of the solanum tuberosum, a native of South 
America. — Siccet, or Carolina potato. See Sweet Potato. 

PO'TA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to drinking ; as, potatory 
powers. 

t POTCH, v. t. [Fr. pocher ; Eng. to poke.] 1. To thrust ; to 
push. — Shak. 2. To poach ; to boil slightly.— Wiseman. 

POTCH, v. i. [Fr. pocher.] To push ; to thrust.— Shak. 

PO-TEEN', n. Irish whisky. 

PO'TE-LOT, n. The sulphuret of molybdenum. 

Po'TENCE, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, a cross, whose ends re- 
semble the head of a crutch ; also called a cross potence. 
— En eye. 

POTEN-CY, n. [L. potentia.] 1. Power; physical power, 
energy, or efficacy ; strength ; might. 2. Moral power ; 
mfluence ; authority. 

POTENT, a. [L. potens.] 1. Having physical power, ener- 
gy, or efficacy. 2. Having power or efficacy, [in a moral 
sense;] having great influence. 3. Having great authority, 
control, o.' dominion. — Syn. Powerful; mighty; puissant; 
strong; able; efficient; forcible; efficacious; cogent; in- 
fluential. 

t POTENT, n. 1. A prince ; a potentate.— Shak. 2. A walk- 
ing staff or crutch. — Chaucer. 

tPOTENT-A-CY, n. Sovereignty.— Barrow. 

Po'TENT-aTE, n. [Fr. potentat; It. potentato.] A person 
who possesses great power or sway ; a prince ; a sover- 
eign ; an emperor, king, or monarch. 

POTENTIAL (-shal), a. [L. potentialis.] 1. Having power 
to impress on us the ideas of certain qualities, though the 
qualities are not inherent in the thing. 2. Existing in 
possibility, not in act. 3. Efficacious ; powerful ; [obs.] — 
Potential cautery, see Cautehy — Potential mode, in gram- 
mar, is that form of the verb which is used to express the 
power, possibility, liberty, or necessity of an action or of 
being. 

POTENTIAL, n. Any thing that may be possible. 

ALL. WHAT -.—PR RT :--MARf NK, BIRD ;— McWEJJQQKT 



POU 



765 



POW 



PO-TEN-TIAL'I-TY, n. Possibility: not actuality.— Taylor. \ 
PO-TENTIAL-LY, adv. 1. In possibility ; not in act ; not 

positively. 2. In efficacy, not in actuality. 
P6TENT-LY, adv. Powerfully ; with great force or en- 
ergy. 
P5TENT-NESS, n. Powerfulness ; strength ; might, f Rare.] 
f POTESTATIVE, a. [L. potestas.] Authoritative. 
POTH'E-€A-RY. Contracted from apothecary, and very 
vulgar. 

* POTH'ER n. [This word is vulgarly pronounced bother.) 

1. Bustle ; confusion ; tumult ; flutter. — Swift ; [low.] 2. 
A suffocating cloud. — Drayton. 

* POTH'ER, v. i. To make a blustering, ineffectual effort ; 
to make a stir. 

* POTH'ER.. v. t. To harass and perplex ; to puzzle. 
POTH'ER^D, pp. Harassed and perplexed. 
POTH'ER-ING, ppr. Perplexing; puzzling. 

POTION, n. [Fr. ; L. potio.] A draught ; usually, a liquid 
medicine ; a dose. — Milton. 

POT'-M ET-AL, n. A name vulgarly given to the metal of 
which iron pots are made, from an erroneous idea that it 
is something different from common pig-iron. — Wilcox. 

POTSHERD, ) n. [pot, and Sax. sceard ; D. potscherf] A 

POT'SHaRE, 5 piece or fragment of a broken pot. — Job, ii. 

POTTAGE, n. [Fr. ; It. potaggio. The early orthography, 
potage, would be preferable.] A species of food made of 
meat boiled to softness in water, usually with some vege- 
tables. 

POTTED, pp. or a. Placed, preserved, or drained in a pot 
or cask. 

POTTER, n. One whose occupation is to make earthen 
vessels. — Dryden. 

POTTER. See Pudder. 

POTTERN-oRE, n. A species of ore, used by potters to 
glaze their ware. — Boyle. 

POTTER'S-CLaY n. A variety of clay, used by potters. 

POTTER- Y, %. ct. poterie.] 1. The vessels or ware made 
by potters ; earthen-ware. 2. The place were earthen 
vessels are manufactured. 

POTTING, n. 1. Drinking ; tippling. 2. A placing or pre- 
serving in a pot.-— 3. In the West Indies, the process of 
putting sugar in casks for draining. 

POTTING, ppr. Placing or preserving in a pot ; draining, 
as above ; drinking. 

POTTLE, n. [W. pftel] 1. A liquid measure of four pints. 

2. A vessel ; a pot or tankard. — 3. More commonly now, a 
vessel or small b? sket for holding fruit. — Smart. 

POTU-LENT, a. [L. potulentus.] 1. Nearly drunk; rath- 
er tipsy. 2. Fit to drink. 

POT-WAL'LOP-FR, n. A term applied to voters in certain 
boroughs in Er gland, where all who boil (wallop) a pot 
are entitled to vote. — Encyc. Am. 

POUCH, n. [Fr. poche.] 1. A small bag ; usually, a leathern 
bag to be carried in the pocket. 2. A protuberant belly. 

3. The bag ni sack of a bird, as that of the pelican. 
POUCH, v. t. 1. To pocket ; to save. 2. To swallow ; used 

of fowls, whose crop is called, in French, poche. 3. To 
pout; \ch.-\] 
\ POUCH'- to? UTHED, a. Blubber-lipped.— Ainsworth. 
POUCHED (poucht), pp. Pocketed ; swallowed. 
POUCHING, ppr. Pocketing ; saving ; swallowing. 
PoU-cHONG' (poo-shongO, n. A kind of black tea. 
POU-DRETTE', n. [Fr.] A powerful manure, made from 
the contents of necessaries, dried and mixed with char- 
coal, gypsum, &c. 
\ PoUL'-Da-VIS, n. A sort of sail-cloth.— Ainsworth. 
P5ULE. See Pool. 

POULT, n. [Fr. poulpe.] An eight-footed, dibranchiate ceph- 
alopod, as the paper-nautilus, allied to the cuttle-fish. — 
Brande. 
t PoULT, n. [Fr. poulet.] A young chicken, partridge, &c. 
PoULTER-ER, n. [Norm, poltaire.] 1. One who makes it 
his business to sell fowls for the table. — 2. Formerly, in 
England, an officer of the king's household, who had the 
_charge of the poultry. [Shakspeare uses Boulter .] 
PoUL'TlCE (pol'tis), n. [It. polta; L. puis, pultis.] A cata- 
plasm ; a soft composition to be applied to sores. 
POULTICE, t. t. To apply or cover with a cataplasm. 
POULTICED (-tist), pp. or a. Covered with a poultice. 
POULTIC-ING, ppr. Covering with a poultice. 
\ POUL'TIVE, for poultice.— Temple. 

POULTRY, n. [from Fr. poule, poulet.] Domestic fowls 
which are propagated and fed for the table, and for their 
eggs, feathers, <fec. 
POULTRY-YARD, n. A yard or place where fowls are 

kept for the use of the table. 
POUNCE (pouns), n. [Fr. pierre-ponce.] 1. A powder to 
prevent ink from spreading on paper after erasures, as 
6andarach pulverized. 2. Colored powder sprinkled over 
pricked papers in drawing patterns, &c. — Brande. 3. 
Cloth worked in eyelet-holes. — Todd. 
POUNCE, v. t. To sprinkle or rub with pounce. 
POUNCE, n. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. 



POUNCE, v. t. To fall on .suddenly ; to fad ou and seiz« 

with the claws : with on or upon. 
POUNCE'-BOX, n. A small box with a perforated lid, use* 

for sprinkling pounce on paper. 
POUNCED (pounst), pp. or a. 1. Furnished with claws or 

talons. 2. Sprinkled with pounce. 
t POUN'CET-BOX, n. A small box with perforations oa 

the top, to hold perfumes for smelling. — Shah. — Toone. 
POUN'CING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with claws. 2. Falling 
suddenly on, and seizing with the claws. 3. Sprinkling 
with pounce. 
POUND, n, [Sax., Goth., Sw., Dan. pund; D. pond.] 1. A 
standard weight consisting of twelve ounces Troy or six- 
teen ounces avoirdupois. 144 pounds avoirdupois are 
equal to 175 pounds Troy. 2. A money of account con- 
sisting of twenty shillings, the value of which is ditferent 
in different countries and states. The pound sterling is by 
law equivalent to $4 44 ^ cts. money of the United States. 
POUND, n. [Sax. pnjndan, pindan.) An inclosure erected 
by authority, in which cattle or other beasts are confined 
when taken in trespassing, or going at large in violation 
of law ; a pin-fold. 
POUND, v. t. To confine in a public pound. 
POUND, v. t. [Sax. punian.] 1. To beat ; to strike with 
some heavy instrument. — Dryden. 2. To coraminute and 
pulverize by beating. 
POUND FOOL'ISH. The phrase penny-wise ant pound- 
foolish signifies negligent in the care of large sums, but 
careful to save small sums. 
POUND'-KEEP-ER, n. One who has the care of a pound. 
POUND'AGE, n. 1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a 
certain sum paid for each pound. Swift. — 2. In England, 
a subsidy of V2d. in the pound, formerly granted to the 
crown on all goods exported or imported. 
POUND'BReACH (-brech), n. The breaking of a public 

pound for releasing beasts confined in it. — Blackstone. 
POUND'ED, pp. or a. 1. Jleaten or bruised with a heavy 
instrument; pulverized or broken by pounding. 2. Con 
finedin a pound ; impounded. 
POUND'ER, n. 1. A pestle ; the instrument of pounding. 
2. A person or thing denominated from a certain number 
of pounds ; as, a six-pounder, i. e., a cannon which carries 
a ball of six pounds. 3. A large pear. 
POUNDING, ppr. Beating ; bruising ; pulverizing ; im- 
pounding. 
POUP'ETON, n. [Fr. poupee.] A puppet or little baby. 
PuU'PICS, n. pi. . In cookery, a mess of victuals made of 
veal steaks and slices of bacon. — Bailey. 

* POUR (pore), v. t. [W. bwrw.] 1. To throw, as a fluid in 

a stream, either out of a vessel or into it. 2. To emit ; to 
send forth in a stream or continued succession. 3. To 
send forth. 4. To throw in profusion or with overwhelm- 
ing force. 

* PoUR, v. i. 1. To flow ; to issue forth in a stream or con- 
tinued succession of parts ; to move or rush, as a current 

2. To rush in a crowd or continued procession. 

* P5UR.ED, pp. Sent forth j thrown, as a fluid. 

* POUR'ER, n. One who pours. 

* POURING, ppr. Sending, as a fluid ; driving in a current 

or continued stream. 

POUR'LIEu (purlu). See Purlieu. 

PoUR-PRESTURE, n. [Fr. pour and pris.] In law, a wrong- 
ful inclosure or encroachment on another man's property. 

PoUR'SUi- VANT (pur'swe-). See Pursuivant. 

P6UR- VEY'ANCE (pur-va'-). -See Purveyance. 

POUSSE, corrupted from pulse, peas. — Spenser. 

POUT, n. 1. A sea-fish of the cod kind. It has the power 
of inflating a membrane which covers the eyes and neigh- 
boring parts of the head. — Yarrell. 2. A species of bird 
— Carcw. 3. A fit of sullenness ; [colloquial] 

POUT, v. i. [Fr. bonder.] 1. To thrust out the lips, as in 
sullenness, contempt, or displeasure ; hence, to look sul- 
len. — Shak. 2. To shoot out ; to be prominent. — Dryden. 

POUTING, ppr. 1. Shooting out, as the lips. 2. Looking 
sullen. 

POUTING, n. Childish sullenness.- 

POUTING-LY, adv. With pouting. 

POV'ER-TY, n. [Norm, poucrti ; Fr. pauvrete ; It.povertd; 
L. paupertas.] 1. Destitution of property or of convenient 
means of subsistence. 2. Barrenness of sentiment or or- 
nament ; defect 3. Insufficiency or defect of words.— 
Svn. Indigence ; penury ; beggary ; necessity ; neediness 
need ; lack ; want ; scantiness ; sparingness ; meagemess 
jejuneness. 

POWDER, n. [Fr. poudre.] 1. Any dry substance com 
posed of minute particles. 2. A composition of saltpetre 
sulphur, and charcoal, mixed and granulated ; gunpowder 

3. Hair-powder; pulverized starch. — Powder of Algaroth : 
see Algaroth. 

POWDER, v. t. 1. To reduce to fine particles ; to commi 
nute ; to pulverize ; to triturate ; to pound, grind, or rub 
into fine particles. 2. To sprinkle with powder. 3. To 
sprinkle with salt ; to corn, sis meat. — Bacon. 



DOVE ;— BULL, ¥NITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z : cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



POX 



766 



PRA 



f POW DER, v. i. To come violently. — L 'Estrange. 
POWDER-BOX, n. A box in which hair-powder is kept. 

—Gay. 
POWDER-CXRT, n. A cart that carries powder and shot 

for artillery. 
POWDER-CHEST, n. A small box or case charged with 
powder, old nails, &c, fastened to the side of a ship, to be 
discharged at an enemy attempting to board. 
POWDER-FLXSK, n. A flask in which gunpowder is car- 
ried. 
POWDER-HORN, n. A horn in which gunpowder is car- 
ried by sportsmen. — Swift. 
POWDER-MILL, n. A mill in which gunpowder is made. 

POWDER-MlNE, n. A cave or hollow in which powder 

is to be placed to be fired at a proper time. — Rowley. 
POWDER-ROOM, n. The apartment in a ship where gun- 
powder is kept. — Waller. 
'OW'DERJGD, pp. or a. Reduced to powder ; sprinkled 
with powder ; corned ; salted. 

PO WDER-ING, ppr. Pulverizing ; sprinkling with powder ; 
corning ; salting. 

POWDER-ING-TUB, n. 1. A tub or vessel in which meat 
is corned or salted. 2. The place where an infected lecher 
is cured. — Shak. 

POWDER- Y, a. 1. Friable ; easily crumbling to pieces. 2. 
Dustyj sprinkled with powder. 3. Resembling powder. 

POWDlKE, n. A marsh or fen dike. [Local] 

POWER, n. [Fr. pouvoir; Norm, povare.] 1. In a philo- 
sophical sense, the faculty of doing or performing any thing ; 
the faculty of moving or of producing a change in some- 
thing ; ability or strength ; capacity or capability. 2. Force ; 
might ; animal strength. 3. Force , strength ; energy. 4. 
Faculty of the mind, as manifested by a particular mode 
of operation. 5. Ability, natural or moral. — 6. In mechan- 
ics, that which produces, or tends to produce, motion. It 
is opposed to the weight, which is acted upon. — 7. In op- 
tics, the degree to which a convex lens or concave mirror 
magnifies. 8. Force ; as, the power of a machine. 9. That 
quality, in any natural body, which produces a change or 
makes an impression on another body. 10. Force ; mo- 
mentum ; strength. 11. Influence ; that which may move 
the mind. 12. Command ; the right of governing, or act- 
ual government ; dominion ; rule ; sway ; authority. 13. 
A sovereign, whether emperor, king, or governing prince, 
or the legislature of a state. 14. One invested with au- 
thority; a ruler; a civil magistrate. — Rom., xiii. If. Di- 
vinity ; a celestial or invisible being or agent supposed to 
have dominion over some part of creation. 16. That which 
has physical power ; an army ; a navy ; a host ; a military 
force. 17. Legal authority; warrant. — 18. In arithmetic 
and algebra, the product arising from the multiplication 
of a number into itsslf ; as, a cube is the third power. Any 
number is called the first power of itself. — 19. In Scripture, 
right; privilege. — John, i. 20. Angels, good or bad. — Col., 
i. 21. Violence ; force ; compulsion. — Ezek., iv. 22. Christ 
is called the Power of God. 1 Cor., i. — 23. The powers of 
heaven may denote the celestial luminaries. — Matt., xxiv. 
24. Satan is said to have the power of death. — 25. In vulgar 
language, a large quantity ; a great number ; [obs.] — Pow- 
er of attorney, a written authority given to a person to act 
for another." 

POWER-LOOM, n. A loom moved by mechanical power. 

POWER-PRESS, n. A printing-press worked by steam, 
water, or other power. 

POWER-FUL, a. 1. Having great physical or mechanical 
power. 2. Having great moral power, or power to per- 
suade or convince the mind. 3. Possessing great political 
and military power ; extent of dominion or national re- 
sources. 4. Possessing or exerting great force, or produc- 
ing great effects. — 5. In general, able to produce great ef- 
fects; exerting great force or energy. 6. Having great 
strength or intensity.— Syn. Mighty ; potent ; puissant ; 
strong ; intense ; forcible ; cogent ; influential ; efficacious. 

FOWER-FUL-LY, adv. With great force or energy ; po- 
tently ; mightily ; with great effect ; forcibly. 

POWER-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of having or exerting 
great power ; force ; power ; might. — Hdkewill. 

POWER-LESS, a. Destitute of power ; weak; impotent. 

POWER-LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of power.— Chalmers. 

POWL'DRON, 7i. [qu. Fr. epaule.] In heraldry, that part of 
armor which covers the shoulders. 

POWTER, ) n. A variety of the common domestic pigeon, 

POU'TER, 5 with an inflated breast. 

POWWOW, \ n. 1. Among the North American Indians, an 

PA WW AW, 5 Indian priest or conjurer. Hence, 2. Con- 
juration for the cure of diseases and other purposes, at- 
tended with great noise and confusion, and often with 
dancing.— Carver. 

POX, n. [a corruption of pocks ; Sax. poc or pocc ; D. pok. 
It is properly a plural word, but by usage is singular.] 
Strictly, pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or 
wholly restricted to three or four diseases, the small-pox, 
chicken-pox, the vaccine, and the venereal diseases. Pox, 



when used without an epithet, signifies the latter, lues wt- 
ncrea. 

POY, n. [Sp. apoyo.] A rope-dancer's pole. 

PoZE, for pose, to puzzle. See Pose. 

POZ-ZU-O-LX'NA, \n. Volcanic ashes used in the manu 

POZ-ZO-LX'NA, 5 facturc of a mortar which hardens 
under water. They are exported from Pozzuoli, a town 
in Italy. 

PRXAM (pram), n. [D.] A flat-bottomed boat or lighter, 
used in Holland and the Baltic. 

fPRACTIC was formerly used for practical, and Spenser 
uses it in the sense of artful. 

PRAC-TI-GA-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality or state of being 

PRAC'TI-CA-BLE-NESS, J practicable ; feasibility. 

PRACTI-CA-BLE, a. [Fr. practicable ; It. praiicabile ; Sp. 
practicable.] 1. That may be done, effected, or performed 
by human means, or by powers that can be applied ; feas- 
ible. It is sometimes synonymous with possible, but the 
words differ in this : possible is applied to that which might 
be performed, if the necessary powers or means could be 
obtained ; practicable is limited in its application to things 
which are to be performed by the means given, or which 
may be applied. It was possible for Archimedes to lift the 
world, but it was not practicable. 2. That may be prac- 
ticed. 3. That admits of use, or that may be passed or 
traveled, as a road. — In military affairs, a practicable breach 
is one that can be entered by troops. 

PRACTI-CA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be per- 
formed. — Rogers. 

PRACTI-CAL, a. [L. practicus ; It. pratico ; Fr. pratique.] 

1. Pertaining to practice or action. 2. Capable of prac- 
tice or active use ; opposed to speculative. — South. 3. That 
may be used in practice ; that may be applied to use. 4. 
That reduces his knowledge or theories to actual use ; 
[used of persons] 5. Derived from practice or experience. 

PRACTI-CAL JoKE, n. A trick played upon some one. 

usually to the injury or annoyance of his person. 
PRACTI-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In relation to practice. 2. By 

means of practice or use ; by experiment. 3. In practice 

or use. 
PRACTI-CAL-NESS, ? ™ ,.. eu ■ .• i 

PRACTI-CAL'I-TY \ n ' quality of bemg practical. 

PRACTICE (prak'tis), ?i. [Sp. practica ; It. pratica; Fr. pra- 
tique.] 1. Frequent or customary actions ; a succession 
of acts of a similar kind or in a like employment. 2. Use ; 
customary use. 3. Dexterity acquired by use. — Shak. , 
[unusual.] 4. Actual performance ; distinguished from 
theory. 5. Application of remedies ; medical treatment of 
diseases. 6. Exercise of any profession. 7. Frequent use ; 
exercise for instruction or discipline. 8. Skillful or artful 
management ; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means ; 
art; stratagem; artifice; [usually in a bad sense.] 9. A 
rule in arithmetic, by which the operations of the general 
rules are abridged in the use. — Syn. Custom ; usage ; hab- 
it; manner. 

PRACTICE, v. t. [from the noun. The orthography of the 
verb ought to be the same as that of the noun ; as in notice 
and to notice.] 1. To do or perform frequently, customari- 
ly, or habitually. 2. To use or exercise any profession or 
art. 3. To use or exercise for instruction, discipline, oi 
dexterity. 4. To commit; to perpetrate. — Marshall. 5. 
To use. — Mitford ; [unusual.] 

PRACTICE, v. i. 1. To perform certain acts frequently Or 
customarily, either for instruction, profit, or amusement. 

2. To form a habit of acting in any manner. 3. To trans- 
act or negotiate secretly. — Addison. 4. To try artifices. 
5. To use evil arts or stratagems. 6. To use medicaJ 
methods or experiments. 7. To exercise any employ- 
ment or profession. 

PRACTICED (prak'tist), pp. 1. Done by a repetition of 
acts-; customarily performed or used. 2. a. Having had 
much practice ; as, a practiced speaker. 

PRACTI-CER, n. One who practices ; one who customa 
rily performs certain acts. 2. One who exercises a pro- 
fession ; a practitioner ; [little used.] 

PRACTI-CING, ppr. 1. Performing or using customarily 
exercising, as an art or profession. 2. a. Engaged in any 
professional employment, as a lawyer. 

t PRACTI-SANT, n. An agent.— Shak. 

PRACTISE, v. t. and v. i. See Practice. [There is no reas- 
on why the noun and verb should not both be spelled 
with c, as in notice, sacrifice, apprentice, and all like cases 
where the accent precedes the fast syllable. The distinc- 
tion in spelling between the noun and the verb properly 
belongs only to words which are accented on the last syl- 
lable, as device and devise, where the verb has the sound oi 
ize. The spelling practise tends to give it the same sound, 
as we often see in uneducated persons ; and hence it is de- 
sirable to follow the regular analogy, and write the noun 
and verb alike.] 

PRA€-TI"TION-ER (-tish'un-er), «. 1. One who is engaged 
in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, par 
ticularly in law or medicine. 2. One who does any thing 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E , I, &c, long. -X, E, I, &c, short— F XR, FALL. WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



PRA 



767 



PRA 



customarily or habitually. — Whitgift. 3. One who prac- 
tices sly or dangerous arts. — South. 
PRiEC'I-PE (pres'i-py), n. [L.] In law, a writ commanding 
something to be done, or requiring a reason for neglect- 
ing it. 
PRiE-€OG'NI-TA, n. pi. [L. before known.] Things previ- 
ously known, in order to understand something else. 
PBJSM-U-Nl'RE (prem-yu-ni're), n: [L.] 1. A writ, or the 
oifense for which it is granted. 2. The penalty incurred 
by infringing a statute. 
PRjENo'MEN, n. [L.l Among the Romans, the first name 
of a person, by which individuals of the same family were 
distinguished. 
PRjE-TEX'TA, n. [L.] A white robe with a purple border, 
worn by a Roman boy until about the completion of his 
fourteenth year. It was worn by girls until their mar- 
riage. — Smith's Diet. 
PRAETOR, n. See Pretoh. 

PRjE-To'RI-UM, n. [from prastor.] 1. That part of a Roman 
camp in which the general's tent stood. 2. A hall of just- 
ice in Rome ; also, a patrician's seat or manor house. — 
Elmes. 
PRAG-MAT'IC, \a. [L. pragmaticus.] 1. Forward to in- 
PRAG-MAT'IC-AL, 5 termeddle ; meddling ; impertinently 
busy or officious in the concerns of others, without leave 
or invitation. — 2. In German writers, a pragmatic history 
is a history which exhibits clearly the causes and the con- 
sequences of events. Murdoch. — Pragmatic sanction, a 
term derived from the Byzantine Empire, denoting a sol- 
emn ordinance or decree of the head or legislature of a 
state upon weighty matters. In European history, two 
decrees under this name are particularly celebrated. One 
of these, issued by Charles VII.. of France, A.D. 1438, was 
the foundation of the liberties of the Gallican Church ; the 
other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, A.D. 1724, set- 
tled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the 
Archduchess Maria Theresa. — P. Cyc. 
PRAG-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a meddling manner ; im- 
pertinently. 2. In a manner .that displays the connection 
and causes of occurrences. — Murdoch. 
PRAG-MATIC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of intermeddling 

without right or invitation. 
PRAG'MA-TIST, n. One who is impertinently busy or med- 

dlin g. — Reynolds. 
PRaI'RIE (pra're), n. [Fr. prairie.] An extensive tract of 
land, mostly level, destitute of trees, and covered with tall, 
coarse grass. [ Western States.] 
PRaFRIE-DOG, n. A small rodent animal, the spermophi- 
lus ludovicianus, allied to the marmot, and found on the 
prairies west of the Mississippi. These animals live be- 
neath the ground, in large warrens, containing many hund- 
reds, and are characterized by a sharp bark, like that of 
a small dog. — Kirby. — W. Irving. 
\ PRIIS'A-BLE, a. That may be praised.— Wichliffe. 
PRaISE (praze), n. [D. prys ; G. preis ; Dan. priis ; Sw. pris ; 
W. pris ; Fr. prix ; It. prezzo ; Sp. precio.] 1. Commend- 
ation bestowed upon a person ; approbation expressed. 
Praise may be expressed by an individual, and in this cir- 
cumstance differs from fame, renown, and celebrity, which 
are the expression of the approbation of numbers, or pub- 
lic commendation. When praise is applied to the expres- 
sion of public approbation, it may be synonymous with re- 
nown, or nearly so. A man may deserve the praise of an 
individual or of a nation. 2. The expression of gratitude 
for personal favors conferred; a glorifying or extolling; 
as, praise to God. 3. The object, ground, or reason of 
praise. — Syn. Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; 
plaudit ; applause ; acclaim ; eclat. 
PRaISE, v. t. [D.pryzen,pryzeeren; G.preisen; Dan. priser.] 
1. To bestow commendation on ; to express approbation 
of personal worth or actions. 2. To extol in words or 
song, on account of perfections or excellent works. 3. To 
express gratitude for personal favors — Ps. exxxviii. 4. 
To do honor to ; to display the excellence of.— Syn. To 
commend; applaud; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; 
magnify. 
PRaIS£D, pp. Commended; extolled. 
tPRAlSE'FUL, a. Laudable; commendable. — Sidney. 
PRaIS'ER, n. One who praises, commends, or extols ; an 

applauder ; a commender. — Sidney. 
PRIISE'LESS, a. Without praise or commendation. 
PRIISEW6R-THI-LY (praze'wur-fhe-le), adv. In a man- 
ner deserving of commendation. — Spenser. 
PRIISE W6R-THI-NESS, n. The quality of deserving com- 
mendation. — Smith. 
PRAISEW6R-THY (praze'wur-fhe), a. Deserving of praise 

or applause ; commendable ; laudable. — Arbuthnot. 
PRIIS'ING, ppr. Commending ; extolling in words. 
PRAM, }a. [D. praam.] 1. A flat-bottomed boat or lighter, 
PRIME, ) used in Holland. — 2. In military affairs, a kind 
of floating battery or flat-bottomed vessel, mounting sever- 
al cannon, used in covering the disembarkation of troops. 
PRiNCE (prans), v. i. [W. pranciaw.] 1. To spring or 



bound, as a horse in high mettle. 2. To ride with bound- 
ing movements; to ride ostentatiously. 3. To walk or 
strut about in a showy maimer or with warlike parade 

PRANCING, ppr. or a. Springing ; bounding; riding with 
gallant show. 

PRANCING, n. A springing or bounding, as of a high-spir 
ited horse. — Judg., v. 

PRANK, v. t. [G. prangen; D. pronken.] To adorn in a 
showy manner ; to dress o .: adjust to ostentation. —Milton. 

PRANK, n. [W. pranc] 1. A wild flight ; a capering. 2. A 
capricious action ; a ludicrous or merry trick, or a mis- 
chievous act, rather for sport than injury. — Syn. Gambol 
frolic ; freak ; sport. 

PRANK, a. Frolicsome ; full of gambols or tricks. .» 

PT? ANK T^D } 

PRANKT ' \PP' Adorned m a showy manner. 

PRANK'ER, n. One who dresses ostentatiously. 

PRANKING, ppr. Setting oft' or adorning for display. 

PRANKING, n. Ostentatious display of dress. 

PRANKISH, a. Full of pranks. 

PRaSE, n. Opaque massive green quartz.— P. Cyc. 

PRAS'I-NOUS,*a. [L. prasinus.] Grass-green; clear, lively 
green, without any mixture. — Lindley. 

PRa'SON (pra'sn), n. [Gr. irpaaov.] A leek; also, a sea- 
weed green as a leek. — Bailey. 

PRaTE, v. i. [D. praaten.] To talk much, and without 
weight, or to little purpose ; to be loquacious. Shak.- 
Syn. To babble ; chatter ; gossip ; tattle. 

PRaTE, v. t. To utter foolishly.— Dryden. 

PRaTE, n. Continued talk to little purpose ; trifling talk 
unmeaning loquacity. — Shah. 

PRaT'ER, n. One who talks much to little purpose, or on 
trifling subjects. — Southern. 

PRaTING, ppr. or a. Talking much on a triiFn< subject , 
talking idly. n. Foolish, idle talk. 

PRaTTNG-LY, adv. With much idle talk ; witV. loquacity. 

P EtAT'lQJUE (prafeek), n. [It. pratica ; Sp. yactica ; Fr. 
pi atique.] In commerce, primarily, converse : intercourse. 
Hence, a license or permission to hold intercourse and 
trade with the inhabitants of a place, aitei having per 
formed quarantine, or upon a certificate that the ship did 
not come from an infected place ; a term used particu 
larly in the south of Europe. 

PRATTLE, v. i. [dim. of prate.] To talk much and idly 
like a child ; to be loquacious on trifling subjects. — Locke 

PRATTLE, n. Trifling talk ; loquacity on trivial subjects. 

PRAT'TLE-MENT, n. "Prattle.— Hayley. 

PRATTLER, n. An idle talker.— Herbert. 

PRATTLING, ppr. or a. Talking much on trivial affairs. 

PRAV'I-TY, n. [L. pravitas.] Deviation from right ; mora! 
perversion ; depravity ; wickedness ; corruption ; wanl 
of rectitude ; corrupt state. — South. 

PRAWN, n. A small crustaceous animal of the shrimp fam 
ily, highly prized for food. 

PRAX'IS, n. [Gr.] 1. Use ; practice. — Coventry. 2. An ex- 
ample or form to teach practice. — Lowth. 

PPiA. Y, v. i. [Fr. prier ; It. pregare ; L. precor.] 1. To ask 
with earnestness or zeal, as for a favor, or for something 
desirable. 2. To ask, as for a favor, as in application to a 
legislative body. — 3. In worship, to address the Supreme 
Being with solemnity and reverence, with adoration, con- 
fession of sins, supplication for mercy, and thanksgiving 
for blessings received. — 4. I pray, that is, I pray you teU 
me, or let me know, is a common mode of introducing a 
question. — Syn. To entreat ; supplicate ; beg ; implore , 
beseech ; petition. 
PRaY, v. t. 1. To supplicate ; to entreat ; to urge. — 2. In 
worship, to supplicate ; to implore ; to ask with reverence 
c,v.d humility. 3. To petition. 4. To ask or entreat in 
ceremony or form. — To pray in aid, in law. is to call in for 
help one who has interest in the cause. 
PRaYjED, prti. and pp., from Pray. Supplicated. 
PRaY'ER, n. 1. In a gtncral sense, the act of asking for e 
favor, and particularly with earnestness. — 2. In worship, u 
solemn address to the Supreme Being. 3. A formula of 
church service, or of worship, public c 1 " private, i Prac 
rice of supplication. 5. The thing asked or requested ; as 
the prayer of the petitioner.— Syn. Petition; orison-, sup 
plication; entreaty; suit; request. 
PRaY'ER-BOOK, n. A book containing prayers or fh» 

forms of devotion, public or private. — Swift. 
PRaY'ER-FUL, a. 1. Devotional; given to prayer. 2. Usins 

much prayer, 
PRaY'ER-FUL-LY, adv. With much prayer. 
PRaY'ER-FUL-NESS, n. The use of much prayer. 
PRaY'ER-LESS, a. Not using prayer; habitually neglect 

ing the duty of prayer to God. 
PRaY'ER-LES?-LY, adv. With neglect of prayer. 
PRaY'ER-LESS-NESS, n. Total or habitual neglect o 

prayer. — T. H. Skinner. 
PRAY'ING, ppr. 1. Asking; supplicating. 2. a. Given to 

prayer. 
PRaY'ING-LY, adv. With supplication to God. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PRE 



768 



PRE 



PRE, an English prefix, is the h.pra, before, probably a con- 
tracted word ; Russ. pred. It expresses priority of time 
or rank. 

PRE-AC-CU-SI'TION, n. Previous accusation.— Zee. 

PREACH (preech), v. i. [D. preeken ; Fr. precher.] 1. To 
pronounce a public discourse on a religious subject, or 
from a text of Scripture. 2. To discourse on the Gospel 
way of salvation, and exhort to repentance. 

PREACH, v. t. 1. To proclaim ; to publish in religious dis- 
courses. 2. To inculcate in public discourses. 3. To de- 
liver in public, as a discourse. — To preach up, to discourse 
in favor of. — JDryden. 

f PREACH, n. A religious discourse. — Hooker. 

PREACHED (pp. pron. preecht, and a. preech'ed), pp. or 
a. Proclaimed; announced in public discourse; incul- 
cated. 

PREACHER, n. 1. One who discourses publicly on relig- 
ious subjects. 2. One who inculcates any thing with ear- 

XlGStnGSS 

t PRE ACH'ER-SHIP, n. The office of a preacher. 

PREACHING, ppr. Proclaiming ; publishing in discourse ; 
inculcating. 

PREACHING, n. The act of preaching ; a public religious 
discourse. — Milner. 

PReACH'MAN, n. A preacher. — Howell. [In contempt,} 

PREACHMENT, n. A discourse or sermon ; [in contempt ;] 
a discourse affectedly solemn. — Shale. 

PRE-A€-QUaINT'ANCE, n. Previous acquaintance. 

PRE-AC-QJJaINT'ED, a. Previously acquainted. 

PRE-AD-AM'IC, a. Prior to Adam.— J. Taylor. 

PRE-AD'AM-lTE, n. [pre, before, and Adam.] An inhabit- 
ant of the earth who lived before Adam. — Pereyra. 

PRE-AD-AM-IT'IC, a. Designating what existed before Ad- 
am. — Kirwan. 

PRE-AD-MIN-IS-TRI'TION, n. Previous administration. 

PRE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish previously. 

PRE-AD-MONTSH.ED (-isht), pp. Previously admonished. 

PRE-AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Admonishing beforehand. 

PRE-AD-MO-Ni"TION (-nish'un), n. Previous warning or 
admonition. 

PRE'AM-BLE, n. [It. preambolo ; Sp. preambulo ; Fr. pream- 
bule.] 1. Something previous ; introduction to a discourse 
or writing. 2. The introductory part of a statute, which 
states the reasons and intent of the law. 

PRe'AM-BLE, v. t. To preface ; to introduce with previous 
remarks. — Feltkam. 

PRe'AM-BLjSD, pp. Introduced with previous remarks. 

! PrIIm'BU-LOUS 7 ' } a - Previous ! introductory.-*™*. 

PRE-AM'BU-LaTE, v. i. [L. prce and ambulo.] To walk or 
go before. — Jordan. 

PRE-AM-BU-La'TION, n. 1. A preamble.— Chaucer; [obs.] 
2. A walking or going before. 

PRE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Going before ; preceding. 

PRE-AN-TE-PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. A term indicating the I 
fourth syllable from the end of a word. 

PRE-AP-POINT, v. t. To appoint previously. , 

PRE-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Previous appointment.— Tucker. 

PRE-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. An opinion formed before 
examination. — Brown. 

\ PReASE, n. Press ; crowd. — Chapman. See Pkess. 

PReAS'ING. ppr. or a. Crowding. — Spenser. 

PRE-AS-SuR'ANCE, n. Previous assurance. — Coleridge. 

PRE-AU'DI-ENCE, n. Precedence or rank at the bar among 
lawyers; right of previous audience.— Blackstone. 

PREB'END, n. [It. jrrebenda; Sp. prebenda; Fr. prebende.] 
1. The stipend or maintenance granted to a prebendary 
out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate church. 2. A 
prebendary; [obs.] 

PRE-BENDAL, a. Pertaining to a prebend.— Chesterfield. 

PREB'END-A-RY, n. [Fr. prebendier.] An ecclesiastic who 
enjoys a prebend ; the stipendiary of a cathedral or col- 
legiate church. — Swift. 

PREB'END-A-RY-SHIP, n. The office of a prebendary ; a 
canonry. — Wotton. 

PRE-Ca'RI-OUS, a. [L. precarius.] 1. Depending on the 
will or pleasure of another ; held by courtesy ; liable to 
be changed or lost at the pleasure of another. 2. Held by 
no certain tenure ; depending on unknown or unforeseen 
causes or events.— Syn. Uncertain ; unsettled ; unsteady ; 
doubtful ; dubious ; equivocal. 

PRE-C a'RI-OUS-L Y, adv. At the will or pleasure of others ; 
dependency ; by an uncertain tenure. 

PRE-Ca'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Uncertainty ; dependence on 
the will or pleasure of others, or on unknown events. 

PREC'A-TIVE, \a. [L. precor.] Suppliant; beseeching. 

PREC'A-TO-RY, 5 —Harris. 

PRECAUTION^ n. [Fr. ; L. prtecautits.] Previous caution 
or care ; caution previously employed to prevent mis- 
chief or secure good in possession. 

PRECAUTION, v. t. To warn or advise beforehand for 
preventing mischief or securing good.— Locke. 

PRECAUTION-AL, a. Preventive of mischief. 



, PRECAUTION-A-RY, a. 1. Containing previous caution, 
2. Proceeding from previous caution ; adapted to prevent 
mischief or secure good. 
PRE-C AUTIONE D, pp. Warned beforehand. 

PRECAUTION-ING, ppr. Previously advising. 

PRECAUTIOUS, a. Taking precautionary measures. 

PRE-CAUTIOUS-LY, adv. With previous caution. 

PRE-CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [from precede, L. prtecedo.] Pre- 
ceding; antecedent; anterior. — Hale. 

PRECEDE', v. t. [L. pracedo.] 1. To go before in the order 
of time. 2. To go before in rank or importance. 3. To 
cause something to go before ; to make to take place in 
prior time. 

PRE-CeD'ED, pp. Being gone before. 

PRE-CeD'ENCE, > n. 1. The act or state of going before, 

PRE-CeD'EN-CY, 5 with respect to time. 2. The state 
of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the place 
of honor ; the right to a more honorable place. 3. Tho 
foremost in ceremony. 4. Superior importance or influ- 
ence. — Svn. Antecedence ; priority ; pre-eminence ; pref- 
erence ; superiority. 

PRE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before in time; anterior; ante- 
cedent ; previous. — Hale. 

PREC'E-DENT. n. 1. Something done or said, that may 
serve or be adduced as an example to authorize a subse- 
quent act of the like kind. — 2. In law, a judicial decision, 
interlocutory or final, which serves as a rule or authority 
for future determinations in similar or analogous cases. 

PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having a precedent; authorized by 
an example of a like kind. 

PRE-CE'DENT-LY, adv. Beforehand ; antecedently. 

PRE-CeD'ING, ppr. or a. Going before in time, rank, &c 
— Syn. Antecedent; previous; anterior; prior; forego 
ing; former. 

t PRE-CEL'LENCE, n. Excellence.— Siicldon. 

PRE-CEN'TOR, n. [Low L. pr<zcentor ; Fr. prccenteur.] 1. 
The leader of a choir in a cathedral.— Hook. 2. The lead- 
er of the congregation in the psalmody of the Scottish 
churches. 

PRE-CEN'TOR-SHIP, n. The employment or office of a 
precentor. 

PRE'CEPT, n. [Fr. precepte ; Sp. precepto ; L. prceceptum.] 
1. In a general sense, any thing commanded or enjoined 
as an authoritative rule of action ; but applied particularly 
to commands respecting moral conduct. — 2. In law, a com- 
mand given in writing. — Syn. Commandment; injunc- 
tion ; mandate ; order ; law ; rule ; direction ; instruction ; 
doctrine ; principle ; maxim. 

t PRE-CEP'TIAL, a. Consisting of precepts.— Shah. 

f PRE-CEP'TION, n. A precept— Hall. 

PRECEPTIVE, a. [L. prceceptivus.] 1. Giving precepts or 
commands for the regulation of moral conduct; contain- 
ing precepts. 2. Directing in moral conduct ; giving rules 
or directions ; didactic. 

PRE-CEP'TOR, n. [L. yrczcxptor.] 1. In a general sense, 8 
teacher ; an instructor. — 2. In a restricted sense, the teach- 
er of a school ; sometimes, the principal teacher of an acad 
emy or other seminary.— 3. Among the knights templar 
the head of a preceptory. 

PRE-CEP-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a preceptor. — Liter- 
ary Magazine. 

PRECEPTO-RY, a. Giving precepts.— Anderson. 

PRE-CEP'TO-RY, n. A manor or estate of the knights tem- 
plar, on which were erected a church and a dwelling- 
house. It was subordinate to the temple or principal 
house of the knights. — Gwilt. 

PRE-CEP'TRESS, n. A female teacher. 

PRE-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. [Fr. precession ; It. preces- 
sione.] 1. laterally, the act of going before. — 2. In astron- 
omy, the precession of the equinoxes is aslow but continual 
shifting of the equinoctial points from east to west. The 
amount of precession annually is 50-^, seconds. — Olmsted. 

PRe'CINCT, n. [L. prcecinctus.] 1. The limit, bound, or 
exterior line encompassing a place. 2. Bounds of juris- 
diction, or the whole territory comprehended within tho 
limits of authority. 3. A territorial district or division 

t PRE-C I-OS't-TY, for preciousness or value.— More. 

PRECIOUS (presh'us), a. [Fr. prccicux ; L. pretiosus.] 1. 
Of great price ; costly. 2. Of great value or worth ; very 
valuable. 3. Highly valued; much esteemed. 4. Worthless; 
contemptible ; as, this is a precious mockery.— Burke ; [in 
irony and contempt.] — Precious metals, gold and silver, so 
called on account of their \alue. 

PRE"CIOUS-LY (presh'us-Jj'i. adv. I. Valuably; to a great 
price. 2. Contemptibly; I in irony.] 

PRE"CIOUS-NESS (presb'ds nes), n. Valuableness ; great 
value ; high price. 

PREC'I-PE (pres'i-py), n, [L p-acipio.] In laic, a writ com- 
manding the defendant to do a certain thing, or to show 
cause to the contrary ; giving him his choice, to redrew 
the injury or to stand the suit. 

PREC'I-PlCE (pres'e-pis), n. [Fr. ; L.pracipitium.] 1. Stnct 
ly, a falling headlong; hence, a steep descent ot land; n 



See Synopsis. X, E. I, <fec. long.— a, e, T, &c. short.— FXR, FALL, WH AT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, B^OK. 



PRE 



'69 



PRE 



fall or descent of land, perpendicular or nearly so. — Dry- 
den. 2. A steep descent, in general. 

D RE-CIP'I-ENT, a. [L. pracipiens.'] Commanding ; direct- 
ing. 

PRE-CIP-I-TA-BILI-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
precipitable. 

PRE-CIP'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. pracipito.] That may be pre- 
cipitated or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. 

PRE-CIIT-TANCE, ) n. 1. Rash haste ; haste in resolving; 

PRE-CIP'I-TAN-CY, > forming an opinion or executing a 
purpose without due deliberation. 2. Great haste in go- 
ing. — Syn. Hastiness ; hurry j rashness ; temerity. 

PRE-CIP'I-TANT, a. [L. prcecipitans.} 1. Falling or rushing 
headlong ; rushing down with velocity. 2. Hasty ; urged 
with violent haste. 3. Rashly hurried or hasty. 4. Un- 
expectedly brought on or hastened. 

PPv.E-CIP'1-TANT, n. In chemistry, a liquor, which, when 
poured on a solution, separates what is dissolved, and 
makes it precipitate, or fall to the bottom in a concrete 
state. 

PRE-CIP'I-TANT-LY, adv. With great haste ; with rash, 
unadvised haste ; with tumultuous hurry. 

PRE-CIP'1-TaTE, v. t. [L. prctcipito.] 1. To throw head- 
long. 2. To urge or press with eagerness or violence. 
3. To hasten. 4. To hurry blindly or rashly. 5. To throw 
to the bottom of a vessel, as a substance in solution. 

"RE-CIP'I-TaTE, v. i. 1. To fall headlong.— Shak. 2. To 
fall to the bottom of a vessel, as a sediment, or any sub- 
stance in solution. 3. To hasten without preparation. 

PRE-CIP'I-TATE, a. 1. Falling, flowing, or rushing with 
steep descent. 2. Headlong; over hasty ; rashly hasty. 

3. Adopted with haste or without due deliberation ; hasty. 

4. Hasty ; violent ; terminating speedily in death. 
PRE-CIP'I-TATE, n. A substance which, having been dis- 
solved, is again separated from its solvent and thrown to 
the bottom of the vessel by pouring another liquor upon 
it. — Red precipitate, the red oxyd or protoxyd of mercury, 
prepared either by heating the nitrate of mercury till it is 
deconqoosed, or by heating metallic mercury. Prepared 
in the latter mode, it is the precipitate perse. — B. Silliman, Jr. 

PRE-CIP'I-TI-TED, pp. Hurried ; hastened rashly ; thrown 
headlong ; thrown down. 

PRE-CIP'I-TATE-LY, adv. 1. Headlong; with steep de- 
scent. 2. Hastily ; with rash haste ; without due caution. 

PRECIP'I-TX-TING, ppr. Throwing headlong ; hurrying ; 
hastening rashly. 

PRE-CIP-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. pratcipitatio.] 1. The act of 
throwing headlong. 2. A falling, flowing, or rushing down 
with violence and rapidity. 3. Great hurry ; rash, tumult- 
uous haste; rapid movement. 4. The act or operation 
of throwing to the bottom of a vessel any substance held 
in solution._ 

PRE-CIP'I-Ta-TOR. n. One who urges on with vehemence 
or rashness. — Hammond. 

PRE-CIP'I-TOUS, a. [L. praceps.] 1. Very steep. 2. Head- 
long ; directly or rapidly descending. 3. Hasty ; rash ; 
heady. 

PRE-CIP'I-TOUS-LY, adv. With steep descent ; in violent 
haste. 

PRE-CIP1-TOUS-NESS. n. 1. Steepness of descent. 2. 
Rash_haste. 

PRE-ClSE', a. [L. pracisus.] 1. Having determinate limit- 
ations ; not loose, vague, uncertain, or equivocal. 2. Char- 
acterized by superstitious exactness or excessive nicety 
in conduct or ceremony. Addison. — Syn. Exact ; definite ; 
accurate ; correct ; nice ; scrupulous ; punctilious ; par- 
ticular; formal; finical. 

PRE-CiSET.Y, adv. 1. Exactly ; nicely ; accurately ; in ex- 
act conformity to truth or to a model. 2. With excess of 
formality ; with scrupulous exactness or punctiliousness 
in behavior or ceremony. 

PRE-ClSE'NESS, n. 1. Exactness ; rigid nicety. 2. Ex- 
cessive regard to forms or rales ; rigid formality. 

PRE-CI"SIAN (pre-sizh'an), n. 1. One who limits or re- 
strains. — Shak. 2. One who is rigidly exact in the observ- 
ance of rules. — Watts. 

PRE-CI"SIAN-ISM (-sizh'an-izm), n. Excessive exactness ; 
superstitious rigor. — Milton. 

PRE-CI"SION (pre-sizh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. prcecisio.] Exact 
limitation ; exactness ; accuracy ; correctness ; definite- 
ness._ 

PRE-Cl'SIVE, a. Exactly limiting, by separating what is 
not relative to the purpose. — Watts. 

PRE-CLuDE', v. t. [L. jircecludo.} 1. To prevent from en- 
tering by previously shutting the passage, or by any pre- 
vious measures ; hence, to hinder from access, possession, 
or enjoyment ; to debar ; to shut out. 2. I'o prevent 
from happening or taking place. 

?RE-€LuD'ED, pp. Hindered from entering or enjoyment ; 
debarred from something by previous obstacles. 

PRE-CLuDTNG, ppr. Shutting out ; preventing from access 
or possession, or from having place. 

PRE-€L0'SION (-klu'zhun), n. The act of shutting out or 



preventing from access or possession ; the state ot being 
prevented from entering, possession, or enjoyment. 

PRE-CLu'SiVE, a. Shutting out, or tending to preclude i 
hindering by previous obstacles— Burke. 

PRE-CLu'SlVE-LY, adv. With hinderance by anticipation. 

PRE-€o'CIOUS (-shus), a. [L. pracox.) 1. Ripe before the 
proper or natural time. 2. Premature ; forward. 

PRE-€o'CIOUS-NESS t } n. Rapid growth and ripeness be- 

rRE-€OC'I-TY, j fore the usual time ; premature- 

ness ;_ forwardness. 

PRE-€0'CIOUS-LY, adv. With premature forwardness. 

PRE-€06'I-TaTE, v. t [L. pracogito.] To consider or cca- 
trive beforehand. — Sherwood. [Little nsed.] 

PRE-€Og-I-Ta'TION, n. Previous thought.— Diet. 

PRE-COG'NI-TA. See Piuecognita. 

PRE-€OG-Nl"TION (-nish'un), n. [L. pro. and cognitio.] L 
Previous knowledge; antecedent examination. — 2. In 
Scots law, an examination of witnesses to a criminal act, 
before the prosecution of the offender. 

PRE-COL-LECTION, n. A collection made beforehand. 

PRE-COM-PoSE', v. t. To compose beforehand. 

PRE-€OM-PoS£D' (pre-kom-pozd'), VV- °r a- Composed 
beforehand. 

PRE-COM-PoS'ING, ppr. Composing beforehand. 

PRE-CON-CeIT', n. An opinion or notion previously 
formed. — Hooker. 

PRE-CON-CeIVE', v. t. [L. pra and concipio.] To form a 
conceptionbeforehand ; to form a previous notion. 

PRE-CON-CElViSD' (pre-kon-seevd'), pp. or «. Conceived 
beforehand ; previously formed. — South. 

PRE-CON-CeIV'ING, ppr. Conceiving or forming before- 
hand. 

PRE-CON-CEPTION, n. Conception or opinion previously 
formed. — Hakewill. 

PRE-€ON'CERT, n. A previous agreement. 

PRE-CON-CERT', v. t. [pre and concert.} To concert be- 
forehand ; to settle by previous agreement. 

PRE-€ON-CERT'ED, pp. or a. Previously concerted or set- 
tled. — Warton. 

PRE-€ON-CERT'ED-LY, adv. By preconcert. 

PRE-CON-CERT'ING, ppr. Contriving and settling before- 
hand. 

PRE-CON-CERTION, n. The act of concerting beforehand. 
— Dwight. 

PRE-CON-DEM-NXTION, n. Condemnation previous to 
exertion, or by predestination. 

t PRE-CON-1-Za'TION, n. [L. praconium.} A publishing by 
proclamation, or a proclamation. — Hall. 

PRE-CON-SlGN' (-sine'), v. t. [pre and consign.] To con- 
sign beforehand; to make a previous consignment of. 

PRE-CON-SlGNSD', pp. Consigned beforehand. 

PRE-CON-SlGN'ING, ppr. Making a previous consignment 
of. 

PRE-€ON-SOL'ID-A-TED, a. Consolidated beforehand. 
Phillips. 

PRE-CON'STI-TuTE, v. t. To constitute beforehand. 

PRE-€ON'STI-Tu-TED, pp. or a. Previously established. 

PRE-CON'3TI-TU-TING, ppr. Constituting beforehand. 

PRE-CONTRACT, n. [pre and contract.} A contract pre- 
vious to another. — Shak. 

PRE-CON-TRACT, v. t. To contract or stipulate previ- 
ously. 

PRE-CON-TRACT', v. i. To make a previous contract or 
agreement. 

PRE-€ON-TRA€T'ED, pp. Previously contracted or stipu- 
lated ; previously engaged by contract. — Ayliffe. 

PRE-CON-TRACT'ING, ppr. Stipulating or covenanting 
beforehand. 

PRE-CORD'I-AL, a. Pertaining to the prcecordia, or parts 
before the heart. 

PRE-€URS'A-RI-LY, adv. In the manner of a precursor. 

t PRE-CURSE' (pre-kurs'), n. [L. prczcursus.] A forerun- 
ning. 

PRE-CUR'SOR, n. [L. precursor.] He or that which pre 
cedes an event and indicates its approach. — Syn. Fore- 
runner; harbinger; messenger; predecessor; omen; sign. 

PRE-CUR'SO-RY, a. Preceding as the harbinger; indica- 
ting something to follow.— Med. Repos. 

t PRE-€UR'SO-RY. n. An introduction. — Hammond. 

PRE-Da'CEAN (-shan), n. A carnivorous animal. — Kirby. 

PRE-Da'CEOUS (-shus), a. [L. pnzdaccu?.] Living by prey 

PRe'DAL, a. [L. prceda.] 1. Pertaining to prey. 2. Prac- 
ticing plunder. — Boyle. 

PRED'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. In the manner of a phmderer. 

PRED'A-TO-RY, a. [L. pradatorius.] 1. Plundering ; pil- 
laging ; characterized by plundering ; practicing rapine. 
2. Hungry; ravenous. — Bacon. 

PRE-DE-CeASE' (-sees'), v. i. To die before.— Shak. 

PPv,E-DE-CeAS£D' (pre-de-seesf), a. Dead before.— Shan. 

PRED-E-CES'SOR, n. [Fr. prcdecessc v.r.] A person who* 
has preceded another in the same office. — Addison. 

PRE-DE-€LaR.ED', a. Declared beforehand.— Burke. 

PRE-DE-LIN-E-aTION, n. Previous delineation. 



D6VE 



-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, t 
C c c 



PRE 



770 



PRE 



t RE-DE-SlGN' (-sine or -zine), v. t. To design or purpose 
beforehand ; to predetermine. 

PRE-DE-SlGNED' (pre-de-sind' or -zind'), pp. Purposed 
or determined previously. — Mitford. 

PRE-DE-SlGN'ING, ppr. Designing previously. 

PRE-DES-TI-Na'RI-AN, n. One who believes in the doc- 
trine of predestination. — Walton. 

PRE-DES-TI-Na'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to predestination. 

PRE-DES'TI-NATE, a. Predestinated ; foreordained. 

PRE-DES'TI-NaTE, v. t. [It. predestinare ; Fr. predestiner ; 
L. pradestino.) To appoint or ordain beforehand by an 
unchangeable purpose. — Syn. To predetermine ; foreor- 
dain ; preordain ; decree ; predestine ; foredoom. 

PRE-DESTI-Na-TED, pp. or a. Predetermined ; foreor- 

PRE-DES'TI-Na-TING, ppr. 1. Foreordaining; decreeing; 
appointing beforehand by an unchangeable purpose. 2. 
Holding: predestination. — Dryden. 

PRE-DES-TI-Na'TION, n. The act of decreeing or foreor- 
daining events ; particularly, in theology, foreordination to 
eternal life or death. 

PRE-DES'TI-Na-TOR, n. 1. Properly, one who foreordains. 
2. One who holds to predestination. — Cowley. 

PRE-DES'TiNE, v. t. To decree beforehand ; to foreor- 
dain. — Prior. 

PRE-DESTIN.ED, pp. or a. Decreed beforehand. 

PRE-DES'TIN-ING, ppr. Foreordaining. 

PRE-DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Determined beforehand. 

PRE-DE-TERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. Previous determination ; 
purpose formed beforehand. 2. Premotion ; that concur- 
rence of God which determines men in their actions. 

PRE-DE-TERM'INE, v. t. [pre and determine.] 1. To determ- 
ine beforehand; to settle in purpose or counsel. 2. To 
doom by previous decree. 

'PRE-DE-TERM'lN£D, pp. or a. Previously determined. 

PRE-DE-TERM'IN-ING, ppr. Determining beforehand. 

?RE'DI-AL. a. [Sp. predial.] 1. Consisting of land or farms; 
as, predial estate, i. e., real estate. 2. Attached to land or 
farms. 3. Growing or issuing from land. 

:>RED-I-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being predicable, 
or capable of being affirmed of something. 

'?RED'I-€A-BLE, n. One of the five things which can be 
affirmed of any thing ; viz., genus, species, difference, 
property, or accident. — Watts. 

PRED'I-CA-BLE, a. [L. prcedicabilis.] That may be affirmed 
of something ; that may be attributed to. 

PRE-DI€'A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. pradicamentum.] 1. In logic, 
a category ; a name given to a certain number of general 
heads or classes, under some one of which every term 
may be arranged. — Brande. 2. Class or kind described 
by any definite marks ; hence, condition ; particular situ- 
ation or state. — 3. Sometimes, a bad condition or position ; 
as, he is in quite a predicament. — Smart ; [colloquial.] 

PRE-DI€-A-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a predicament. 

PRED'I-CANT, ii. [L. pmdicans.] One who affirms any 
thing. 

PRED'I-CaTE, v. t. [L. prcedico.] To affirm one thing of 
another. [It is a great but common error to give this 
word the sense of found ; as, to predicate an argument on 
certain principles. — Ed.] 

PRED'I-CaTE, v. i. To affirm ; to comprise an affirmation. 

PRED'I-CATE, n. In logic, that which, in a proposition, is 
affirmed or denied of the subject. — Watts. 

PRED'I-CATE, a. Predicated.— Marshall. 

PRED'I-€a-TED, pp. Affirmed of another thing. 

PRED'I-Ca-TING, ppr. Affirming of another thing. 

PRED-I-Ca'TION, n. [L. prcedicatio.] Affirmation of some- 
thing, or the act of affirming one thing of another. 

PRED'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Affirmative ; positive.— Bp. Hall. 

PRE-DICT, v. t. [L. pradictus] To tell beforehand some- 
thing that is to happen. — Syn. To foretell ; prophesy ; 
prognosticate ; presage ; forebode ; foreshow ; bode. 

PRE-DICT'ED, pp. or a. Foretold ; told before the event. 

PRE-DICTTNG, ppr. Foretelling. 

PR.E-DICTION, n. [L. pr<zdictio.} A foretelling ; a previous 
declaration of a future event. — Syn. Prophecy ; prognos- 
tication ; foreboding ; augury ; divination ; soothsaying ; 
vaticination. 

PRE-DICT'iVE, a. Foretelling; prophetic— More. 
PRE-DICT'OR, n. A foreteller ; one who prophesies. 
PRE-DI-gESTION (-chun), n. Too hasty digestion.— Bacon, 
PRE-DI-LEC'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. predilezione.] A previous 
liking ; a prepossession of mind in favor of something. 

• PRE-DIS-Po'NENT, n. That which predisposes. 
PRE-DIS-POSE', v. t. 1. To incline beforehand ; to give a 

previous disposition to. 2. To fit or adapt previously. 
PRE-DIS-P5S.ED' (pre-dis-pozd'), pp. Previously inclined 

or adapted. 
PRE-DIS-PoS'ING,^r. 1. Inclining or adapting beforehand. 
2. a. Tending or able to give predisposition or liableness. 
PRE-DIS-PO-Sl"TION (-po-zish'un), n. 1. Previous inclina- 
tion or propensity to any thing. 2. Previous fitness or 
adaptation to any change, impression, or purpose. 



PRE-DOM'IN-ANCE, ? n. 1. Prevalence over otners ; s u 

PRE-DOM'IN-AN-CY, $ periority in strength, power, in 
fluence, or authority; ascendency. — 2. In astrology, the 
superior influence of a planet. 

PRE-DOM'IN-ANT, a. [Fr. predominant ; It. predominante,] 
Having prevalence, or superiority in strength, influence 
or authority. — Syn. Prevalent ; superior ; prevailing ; as 
cendant; ruling; reigning; controlling; overruling. 

PRE-DOM'IN-ANT-LY, adv. With superior strength or in 
fluence. — Brown. 

PRE-DOM'IN-ITE, v. i. [Fr. predominer ; Sp. predominar.] 
To prevail ; to surpass in strength, influence, or authori 
ty ; to be superior ; to have controlling influence. 

PRE-DOM'IN-aTE, v. t. To rule over. 

PRE-DOM'IN-a-TED, pp. Prevailed or ruled over. 

PRE-DOM'IN-a-TING, ppr. or a. Having superior strength 
or influence ; ruling ; controlling. 

PRE-DOM-IN-a'TION, n. Superior strength or influence. 

PRE-DOOMjBD', a. Antecedently doomed.— Coleridge. 

PRE-E-LECT', v. t. To choose or elect beforehand. 

PRE-E-LECTED, pp. Elected beforehand. 

PRE-E-LEC'TION, n. Choice or election by previous do 
termination of the will. — Prideaux. 

PRE-EM'I-NENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. pre-eminenza.] 1. Superior 
ity in excellence ; distinction in something commendable 
2. Precedence ; priority of place ; superiority in rank oi 
dignity. 3. Superiority of power or influence. — 4. Some- 
times in a bad sense ; as, pre-eminence in folly. 

PRE-EM'I-NENT, a. [Fr. pre and eminent.] 1. Superior in 
excellence ; distinguished for something commendable or 
honorable. 2. Surpassing others in evil or bad qualities. 

PRE-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. 1. In a pre-eminent degree ; 
with superiority or distinction above others. — 2. In a bad 
sense; as, pre-eminently wicked. 

PRE-EMPTION, n. [L. pro, and emptio.] 1. The act of pui 
chasing before others. 2. The right of purchasing before 
others. 3. The right of a squatter on the public lands of 
the United States to purchase in preference to others when 
the land is sold. Bouvier. — 4. Formerly, in England, the 
privilege or prerogative, enjoyed by the king, of buying 
provisions for his household in preference to others, abol- 
ished by statute 19 Charles II. 

PREEN, n. [Scot, prein, prin ; Dan. preen.] A forked in- 
strument used by clothiers in dressing cloth. 

PREEN, v. t. [Scot, proyne, prunyie ; Chaucer, proinc.] To 
clean, compose, and dress the feathers, as birds, to enable 
them to glide more easily through the air or water. 

PRE-EN-GagE', v. t. 1. To engage by previous contract. 
2. To engage or attach by previous influence. 3. To en- 
gage beforehand. 

PRE-EN-GAG.ED' (pre-en-ga.jd'), pp. Previously engaged 
by contract or influence. 

PRE-EN-GagE'MENT, 74. 1. Prior engagement, as by stip- 
ulation or promise. 2. Any previous attachment binding 
the will or affections. 

PRE-EN-Gag'ING, ppr. Previously engaging. 

PREEN'ING, ppr. Cleaning and composing the feathers, as 
birds. 

PRE-ES-TABTJSH, v. t. To establish beforehand. 

PRE-ES-TAB'LISH.ED, pp. or a. Previously established. 

PRE-ES-TAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Settling beforehand. 

PRE-ES-TAB'LISH-MENT, n. Settlement beforehand. 

PRE-EX-AM-IN-A'TION (x as gz), n. Previous examination. 

PRE-EX-AM'iNE (-egz-am'in), v. t. To examine beforehand 

PRE-EX-AM'iN.ED, pp. Previously examined. 

PRE-EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Examining beforehand. 

PRE-EX-IST' (-egz-ist?), v. i. To exist beforehand or before 
something else. 

PRE-EX-ISTENCE, n. 1. Existence previous to something 
else. — 2. In the East, existence of the soul before its union 
with the body, or before the body is formed. 

PRE-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing beforehand ; preceding in 
existence.— Pope. 

t PRE-EX-IST-I-Ma'TION, n. Previous esteem.— Brown. 

PRE-EX-IST'ING, ppr. or a. Previously existing. 

t PRE-EX-PEGT-A'TION, n. Previous expectation. 

PREF'ACE, n, [Fr. ; L. prafatio.] Something spoken as in 
troductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a 
book or essay, intended to inform the hearer or reader o. 
the main design, or, in general, of whatever is necessarj 
to the understanding of the discourse, book, or essay ; f 
series of preliminary remarks. — Syn. Introduction ; pre 
amble ; proem ; prelude ; prologue. 

PREF'ACE, v. t. 1. To introduce by preliminary remarks 
2. To face ; to cover.— Cleaveland ; [a ludicrous sense.] 

PREF'ACE, v. i. To say something introductory. 

PREF'AOED (pref'aste), pp. Introduced with preh'minarj 
observations. 

PREF'A-CER, n. The wiiter of a preface.— Dryden. 

PREF'A-CING, ppr. Introducing with preliminary remarks 

PREF'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. By way of preface. 

PREF'A-TO-RY, a, Pertaining to a preface ; introductorj 
to a book, essay, or discourse. — Dryden. 



" See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long —1, K, T, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY :— MARINE, BiRD .— M/iVE, BOOK, 



PRE 



71 



PRE 



PRE'FEGT, n. [L. prafectus.) 1. A name given to several , 
Roman officers. The prefect, or warden of the city, at first | 
exercised within the city the powers of the king or con- 
suls during their absence ; afterward, as a permanent mag- 
istrate, he was empowered to maintain peace and order in 
the city. The pretoiian prefect was the commander of 
the pretorian guards. Under Constantine, the prefects be- 
came governors of provinces. Smith's Diet. — 2. In France, 
a superintendent of a department of the kingdom, who has 
the direction of its police establishment, together with ex- 
tensive powers of municipal regulation. — Brande. 

PRE'FE€T-SHIP, \ n. 1. The office of a chief magistrate, 

* PRe'FE€T-UE,E, > commander, or viceroy. 2. Jurisdic- 
tion of a prefect. 

PRE-FER', v. t. [L. przfero ; Fr. preferer.) I. To regard 
more than another ; to honor or esteem above another. 
2. To advance or promote, as to an office or dignity ; to 
raise ; to exalt 3. To offer ; to present ; to exhibit ; usu- 
ally with solemnity, or to a public body. 4. To offer or 
present ceremoniously ; as, to prefer the bowl. — Pope; [po- 
ctical 1 

PREF'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Worthy to be preferred or 
chosen before something else ; more eligible ; more desir- 
able. 2. More excellent ; of better quality. 

PREF'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
preferable. — Montague. 

PREF'ER-A-BLY, adv. In preference ; in such a manner as 
to prefer one thing to another. 

PREF'ER-ENCE, n. 1. The act of preferring one thing be- 
fore another ; estimation of one thing above another ; 
choice of one thing rather than another. 2. The state of 
being preferred. 

PRE-FER'MENT, n. [It preferimento.] 1. Advancement to 
a higher office, dignity, or station. 2. Superior place or 
office. 3. Preference; [obs.] 

PRE-FERRJBD' (pre-ferd'), pp. Regarded above others ; el- 
evated in station. 

PRE-FER'RER, n. One who prefers. 

PRE-FER'RING, ppr. Regarding above others ; advancing 
to a higher station ; offering ; presenting. 

PREF'I-DENCE, n. A previous trusting.— Baxter. 

PREF1-DENT, a. Trusting previously.— RoxZer. 

PRE-FIG'U-RaTE, v. t. To show by antecedent represent- 
ation. [Little used.] 

PRE-FIG-U-RXTION, n. Antecedent representation by si- 
militude. — Norris. 

PRE-FIG'U-RA-TIVE, a. Showing by previous figures, 
types, or similitude. 

PRE-FIG'URE (-figyur), v. t. [L. pr<z and figuro.] To ex- 
hibit by antecedent representation, or by types and simili- 
tude. 

PRE-FICUR.ED, pp. or a. Exhibited by antecedent signs, 
types, or similitude. 

PRE-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Showing antecedently by simili- 
tude^ 

PRE-FlNE', v. t. [L. prcefinio.) To limit beforehand. 

PREF-I-Ni"T10N (-nish'un), n. Previous limitation.— Foth- 
erby. [Rare.) 

PRE-FIX', v. t. [L. prcefigo.) 1. To put or fix before, or at 
the beginning of another thing. 2. To set or appoint be- 
forehand. 3. To settle ; to establish.— Hale. 

PRe'FIX, n. A letter, syllable, or word put to the beginning 
of a word, usually to vary its signification. 

PRE-FIX.ED' (pre-fixf), pp. Set before : appointed before- 
hand ; settled. 

PRE-FIX'ING, ppr. Putting before ; previously appointing ; 
establishing. 

PRE-FIX'ION (-yun), n. The act of prefixing. 

PRE-FLO-RITION, n. In botany, the arrangement of floral 
envelopes before they expand ; estivation. — Lindley. 

PRE-FORM'. v. t. To form beforehand.— Shah. 

PRE-FORM'A-TI VE, n. [L. pr<z and formative.-] A formative 
letter at the beginning of a word. — M. Stuart. 

PRE-FORMED', pp. Formed beforehand. 

PRE-FORM'ING, ppr. Forming beforehand. 

PRE-FUL'gEN-CY, n. [L. prafulgens.) Superior brightness 
or efful<rency. — Barrow. 

PREGTsfA'-BLE, a. [Fr. prenable.] That may be taken or 
won by force ; expugnable. — Cotgrave. [Little used.) 

PREG-NAN-CY, n. 1. The state of a female who has con- 
ceived or is with child. — Ray. 2. Fertility ; fruitfulness ; 
inventive power. — Pregnance, in a like sense, is not used. 
PREG'NANT, a. [L. prcegnans.) 1. Being with young, as a 
female ; breeding ; teeming j big ; great. 2. Fruitful , fer- 
tile ; impregnating. 3. Full of consequence. 4. Easy to 
admit or receive. — Shah. ; [not proper.) 5. Free ; kind ; 
ready ; witty ; apt. — Sliah. ; [not proper.) 6. Plain ; clear ; 
evident; full. — Shdk. ; [obs.] — A pregnant construction, or 
constructio pr&gnans, in grammar, is one in which more is 
implied than is said in terms ; as, the beasts trembled forth 
from their dens, i. e., came forth trembling. 
PREG'NANT-LY, adv. 1. Fruitfully. 2. Fully ; plainly ; 
clearly. — Shah. ; [obs.] 



t PRk'GRA-VaTE, v. t. [L. jrragravo.] To bear down ; to 
depress. — Hall. 

PRE-GRAV'1-TaTE, v. i. To descend by gravity. 

PRE-GUST'ANT, a. [L. pragustans.) Tasting beforehand. 
— Ed. Rev. 

PRE-GUS-TA'TION, n. [L. pr<z and gusto.) The act of tastr 
ing before another. — Diet. 

PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be seized.— Lawrence. 

PRE-HEN'Sf LE, a. [L. prehendo, prehensus.) Seizing ; fit- 
ted for seizing or laying hold ; as, the prehensile tails of 
some monkeys. 

PRE-HEN'SION (-shun), n. A taking hold ; a seizing ; as 
with the hand or other limb. — Lawrence. 

PRE-HEN'SO-RY, a. See Prehensile. 

PReHN'iTE (prenlte), n. A pale green mineral, of a vitre- 
ous lustre, consisting of silica, alumina, and lime, with 
some water. — Dana. 

PRE-IN-STRUGT, v. t. To instruct previously. 

PRE-IN-STRUGTED, pp. Previously instructed or di- 
rected. 

PRE-LN-STRU€TING, ppr. Previously instructing. 

PRE-IN-TI-MI'TION, n. [pre and intimation.) Previous in 
timation ; a suggestion beforehand. — T. Scott. 

PRE-JUDgE' (pre-judj'), v. t. [Fr. prejuger.) 1. To judge ir 
a cause before it is heard, or before the arguments and 
facts in the case are fully known. 2. To judge and de- 
termine before the cause is heard ; hence, sometimes, to 
condemn beforehand or unheard. 

PRE- JUDGED' (pre-judjd'),i3p. Judged beforehand ; detenn 
ined unheard. 

PRE-JUDgTNG, ppr. Judging or determining without a 
hearing or before the case is fully understood. 

PRE-JUDG'MENT, n. Judgment in a case without a hear 
ing or full examination. — Knox. 

t PRE-Ju'DI-GA-CY, n. Prejudice ; prepossession. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€aTE, v. t. [L. pro. and judico.) To prejudge ■, 
to determine beforehand to disadvantage. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€aTE, v. i. To form a judgment without due 
examination of the facts and arguments in the case. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. 1. Formed before due examination. 

2. Prejudiced ; biased by opinions formed prematurely : 
[little used.) 

PRE-Ju'DI-€a-TED, pp. Prejudged. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€a-TING. ppr. Prejudging. 

PRE-JU-DI-GITION, n. The act of judging without due 
examination of facts and evidence. 

PRE-Ju'DI-GA-TlVE, a. Forming an opinion or judgment 
without examination. — More. 

PREJ'U-DICE (pred'ju-dis), n. [Fr. ; L. prejudicium.) 1. An 
opinion or decision of mind, formed without due exam- 
ination of the facts or arguments which are necessary to 
a just and impartial determination. 2. A previous bent 
or inclination of mind for or against any person or thing. 

3. Injury or wrong of any kind ; as, to act to the prejudict 
of another. — Syn. Prejudgment ; prepossession ; bias 
harm ; hurt ; damage ; detriment ; mischief ; disadvant 
age. 

PREJ'U-DiCE, v. t. 1. To prepossess with unexamined 
opinions ; to bias the mind by hasty and incorrect notions, 
and give it an unreasonable bent to one side or other of a 
cause. — Watts. 2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or 
an undue previous bias of the mind ; or to hurt ; to dam- 
age ; to diminish ; to impair. 

PREJ'U-DICED (-dist), pp. or a. Prepossessed by unex- 
amined opinions; biased. 

PREJ-U-DI"CIAL (pred-ju-dish'al), a. 1. Biased or blinded 
by prejudices ; [obs.] 2. Hurtful ; mischievous ; injuri- 
ous; disadvantageous; detrimental; tending to obstruct 
or impair. 

PREJ-U-W'CIAL-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; injuriously. 

PRE J-U-Di"CIAL-NESS, n. The state of being prejudicial 
injuriousness. 

PREJ'U-DlC-ING, ppr. Prepossessing; biasing. 

PRE-KNQWI/EDgE (pre-nol'lej), n. Prior knowledge. 

* PREL'A-CY or PRe'LA-C Y, n. 1. The office of a prelate. 
2. Episcopacy; the order of bishops. 3. Bishops, collects 
ively. 

* PREL'ATE or PRe'LATE, n. [Fr. prelat.) A clergyman 

of a superior order, having authority over the lower 
clergy, as an archbishop, bishop, &c. ; a dignitary of the 
church. 
PREL'ATE-SHIP, n. The office of a prelate.— Harmar. 

pt?F TATI^' \h \ a ' Perta'^i 112 . t0 prelates or prelacy 

PRE-LAT'IG-AL-LY, adv. With reference to prelates. 

PRE-La'TION, n. [L. prtelatio.) Preference ; the setting of 
one above another.— Hale. [Little used.) 

PREL'A-TISM, n. Prelacy; episcopacy. — Milton. 

PREL'A-TIST, n. An advocate for prelacy, or the govern- 
ment of the church by bishops ; a high-churchman. 

PREL'A-TURE, > n, [Fr. prelature.) The state or dig- 

PREL'A-TURE-SHIP, 5 nity of a prelate.— Diet. 

t PREL'A-TY, n. Episcopacy ; prelacy. — Milton. 



D6VF ;— BIJLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER Vl"C10US.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z : CH as SH : TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



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PRE-LE€T', v. t. [L. pralectus.] To read a lecture or pub- 
lic discourse. — Horsley. 

PRE-LE€'TION, n. [L. pralectio.] A lecture or discourse 
read in public or to a select company. — Hale. 

PRE-LEG'TOR, n. A reader of discourses ; a lecturer. 

PRE-Ll-BITION, n. [L. prelibo.] 1. Foretaste ; a tasting 
beforehand or by anticipation. 2. An effusion previous to 
tasting. 

PRE-LIM'IN-A-RI-LY, adv. Introductorily ; previously. 

PRE-LIM'IN-A-RY, a. [Fr. preliminaire ; It. prcliminare.] 
That precedes the main discourse or business. — Syn. In- 
troductory ; preparatory ; proemial ; previous ; prior ; 
precedent. 

PRE-LIM'IN-A-RY, n. That which precedes the main dis- 
course, work, design, or business ; something previous or 
preparatory. — Syn. Introduction ; preface ; prelude. 

- PRe'LUDE or PREL'tJDE, n. [Low L. prceludium.] 1. A 
short flight of music, or irregular air, played by a musi- 
cian before he begins the piece to be played, or before a 
full concert. 2. Something introductory, or that shows 
what is to follow. 3. Something which indicates a future 
event. — Syn. Preface ; introduction ; preliminary ; fore- 
runner ; harbinger. 

PRE-LuDE', v. t 1. To introduce with a previous perform- 
ance ; to play before. 2. To precede, as an introductory 
piece. 

PRE-LuDE', v. i. To serve as an introduction to. — Drydcn. 

PRE-LuD'ED, pp. Preceded by an introductory perform- 
ance ; preceded. 

PRE-LuD'ER, n. One who plays a prelude, or introduces 
by a previous irregular piece of music. 

PRE-LuDTNG, ppr. Playing an introductory air ; preceding. 

PRE-Lu'DI-OUS, a. Previous ; introductory. — Cleaveland. 

PRE-Lu'DI-UM, n, [Low L.] A prelude.— Dryden. 

PRE-LU'SlVE, a. Previous ; introductory ; indicating that 
something of a like kind is to follow. 

PrIl^ lam-LY, H* B y wa ? of introduction. 

PRE-Lu'SO-RY, a. Previous ; introductory ; prelusive. 

PRE-MA-TuRE', a. [Fr. premature ; L. pramaturus.] 1. Ripe 
before the natural or proper time. 2. Happening, arriv- 
ing, performed, or adopted before the proper time. 3 Ar- 
riving or received without due authentication or evidence, 
as a report or account. 

PRE-MA-TuRE'LY, adv. 1. Too soon; too early; before 
the proper time. 2. Without due evidence or authentica- 
tion. 

PRE-MA-TuRE'NESS, \ n. 1. Ripeness before the natural 

PRE-MA-Tu'RI-TY, > or proper time. 2. Too great 
haste ; unseasonable earliness. 

PRE-MED'I-TITE, v. t. [Fr. premeditcr ; L. prameditor.] To 
think on and revolve in the mind beforehand ; to contrive 
and design previously. — Dryden. 

PRE-MED'I-TaTE, v. i. To think, consider, or revolve in 
the mind beforehand ; to deliberate. — Hooker. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE, a. Contrived by previous meditation. 

I'RE-MED'I-Ta-TED, pp. or a. 1. Previously considered or 
meditated. 2. Previously contrived, designed, or intend- 
ed ; deliberate ; willful. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE-LY, adv. With previous meditation. 

PRE-MED'I-TI-TING, ppr. Previously meditating , con- 
triving or intending beforehand. 

PRE-MED-I-TI'TION, n. [L. prameditatio.] 1. The act of 
meditating beforehand ; previous deliberation. 2. Previous 
contrivance or design formed. 

PRE-MER'IT, v. t. [pre and merit] To merit or deserve 
beforehand. — K. Charles. [Little used.] 

f PREM'I-CES, n. pi [Fr. ; L. primitice.] First-fruits. 

* PREMIER (prem'yer), a. [Fr., from L. primus.] First ; 
chief; principal. — Swift. 

* PREMIER, 7i. The first minister of state ; the prime 
minister. 

* PREMIER-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of the first min- 
ister of state. 

PRE-MIL-LENNI-AL, a. Previous to the millennium. 

PRE-MTSE', v. t [L. pramissus.] 1. To speak or write be- 
fore, or as introductory to the main subject ; to offer pre- 
viously, as something to explain or aid in understanding 
what follows. 2. To send before the time ; [obs.] 3. To 
lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the 
subsequent reasonings. 4. To use or apply previously. 

PRE-MlSE', v. i. To state antecedent propositions. — Swift. 

PREMISE (prem'is), n. See Premises. 

PRE-MlS-ED', pp. Spoken or written before, as introduc- 
tory to the main subject. 

PREM'I-SES, n. pi. [Fr. premisses ; L. pramissa.] 1. In logic, 
the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the 
inference or conclusion is drawn. 2. Propositions ante- 
cedently supposed or proved.— 3. In law, circumstances 
premised or set forth previous to the covenants, &c. Also, 
the houses, lands, &c, proposed to be conveyed by deeds, 
&c. Hence, tho term is applied to a building and its ad- 
juncts. 



PRE-MlS'ING, ppr. Speaking or writing before ; laying 
down the premises. 

PREM'ISS, n. A premise. — Whatcly. See Premises. 

PRe'MI-UM, n. [h.] 1. Properly, a reward or recompense ■ 
a prize to be won by competition ; the reward or prize to 
be adjudged to the best performance or production. 2. 
The recompense or prize offered fcr a specific discovery 
or for success in an enterprise. 3. A bounty ; something 
offered or given for the loan of money. 4. The recom- 
pense to underwriters for insurance. 5. It is sometimes 
synonymous with interest. 6. A bounty or incentive. 

PRE-MON'ISH, v. t [L. pramoneo.] To forewarn ; to ad- 
monish beforehand. 

PRE-MON'ISH£D (-mon'isht), pp. Forewarned. 

PRE-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Admonishing beforehand. 

PRE-MON'ISH-MENT, n. Previous warning or admonition , 
previous information. 

PRE-MO-NI"TION (-mo-nish'un), n. Previous warning, no 
tice, or information. 

PRE-MON'I-TO-RI-LY, adv. As a premonition. 

PRE-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving previous warning or notice. 

PRE-MON'STRANTS, n. pi. [L. prcemonstrans.] A religious 
order of regular canons or monks of Premontre, in Pic 
ardy. 

PRE-MON'STRITE, v. t [L. prcemonstro.] To show before 
hand. — Herbert [Little used.] 

PRE-MON-STRa'TION, n. A showing beforehand. [Rare.] 

PRE-MORSE' (pre-mors'), a. [L. pramordeo.] As if bitten 
off. — Premorse roots or leaves, in botany, are such as have 
an abrupt, ragged, and irregular termination, as if bitten 
off. — Lindlcy. 

PRE-Mo'TION, n. [pre and motion.] Previous motion or 
excitement to action. — Encyc. 

* PREM-U-Ni'RE, 11. [See Praemunire.] 1. In law, the of- 
fense of introducing foreign authority into England, and 
the writ which is grounded on the offense. 2. The penal- 
ty incurred by the offense above described. — South. 

t PRE-MU-NITE', v. t. To guard against objection ; to for- 
tify. 

PRE-MU-NI'TION (-nish'un), n. [L. pramunitio, from prce- 
munio.] An anticipation of objections. — Diet. 

PRE-No'MEN, n. [L. pranomen.] Among the Romans, a 
name prefixed to the family name, answering to oui 
Christian name. 

PRE-NOM'IN-aTE, v. t [L. prce and nomino.] To forename. 

PRE-NOM'IN-ATE, a. Forenamed.— SWfc. 

PRE-NOM'IN-a-TED, pp. Forenamed. 

PRE-NOMTN-a-TING, ppr. Forenamin::. 

PRE-NOM-IN-I'TION, n. The privilege of being named first 

PRE-No'TION, n. [L. prcenotio.] A notice or notion which 
precedes something else in time ; previous notion or 
thought ; foreknowledge. 

PREN-Sa'TION, 72. [L. prensatio.] The act of seizing with 
violence. — Barrow. [Little used.] 

PRENTICE. A colloquial contraction of apprentice, which 
see. 

PRENTICE-SHIP. A contraction of apprenticeship, which 
see. — Pope. 

t PRE-NUN-CI-A'TION, n. [L. prcenuncio.] The act of tell- 
ing before. — Diet. 

PRE-OB-TXIN', v. t To obtain beforehand. 

PRE-OB-TaINjED' (pre-ob-tand'), pp. Previously obtained. 

PRE-0€'€U-PAN-CY, n. [L. praocewpans.] 1. The act of 
taking possession before another. 2. The right of taking 
possession before others. 

t PRE-0€'€U-PaTE, v. t [L. prceoccupo.] 1. To anticipate ; 
to take before ; to preoccupy. 2. To prepossess ; to fill 
with prejudices ; to preoccupy. 

PRE-0€-€U-PITION, n. 1. A taking possession before an> 
other ; prior occupation. 2. Anticipation. 3. Preposses- 
sion. 4. Anticipation of objections. 

PRE-0€'€U-PIJBD, pp. or a. Taken possession of before- 
hand; prepossessed. 

PRE-0€'€U-P?, v. t [L. prceoccupo.] 1. To take possession 
before another. 2. To prepossess ; to occupy by anticipa- 
tion or prejudices. 

PRE-OG'€U-PY-ING, ppr. Taken possession of beforehand ; 
occupying by anticipation. 

PRE-OM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. pro: and ominor.] To prognostic- 
ate ; to gather from omens any future event. 

PRE-O-PIN'ION (-pin'yun), n. [pre and opinion.] Opinion 
previously formed ; prepossession. — Brown. 

PRE-OP'TION, ii. The right of first choice. 

PRE-OR-DaIN', v. t. [pre and ordain.] To ordain or ap- 
point beforehand ; to predetermine. 

PRE-0R-D1IN£D' (pre-or-dand'), pp. or a. Antecedently 
ordained or determined. 

PRE-OR-DaIN'ING, ppr. Ordaining beforehand. 

PRE-OR'DI-NANCE, n. [pre and ordinance.] Antecedent 
decree or determination.— Shak. 

PRE-ORT)l-NATE, a. Foreordained. [Little used.] 

PRE-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. The act of foreordaining; pre. 
vious determination. — Fotherby. 



See Synopsis, a, E, T, &c, long.—Z ; £, I, & c ., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;- -MOVE, BOOK, 



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PIlE P AID', pp. or a. Paid in advance, as postage of let- 
ters 

PRE-PaR'A-BLE, a. That may be prepared.— Boyle. 

PREP-A-RI'TION, n. [L. praparatio.] . 1. The act or oper- 
ation oi preparing or fitting for a particular purpose, use, 
service, or condition. 2. Previous measures of adaptation. 
3. Ceremonious introduction. — Shale. ; [unusual.] 4. That 
which is prepared, made, or compounded for a particular 
purpose. 5. The state of being prepared or in readiness. 
6. Accomplishment ; qualification ; [obs.] — 7. In pharmacy, 
any medicinal substance fitted for the use of the patient. 
— 8. In anatomy, a name given to the parts of animal bod- 
ies prepared and preserved for anatomical uses. 

PRE-PAR'A-TlVE, a. [It. preparativo ; Fr. preparatif.] Tend- 
ing to prepare or make ready ; having the power of pre- 
paring, qualifying, or fitting for any thing ; preparatory. 

PRE-PAR'A-TlVE, n. 1. That which has the power of pre- 
paring or previously fitting for a purpose ; that which pre- 
pares. 2. That which is done to prevent an evil or se- 
cure some good. 3. Preparation, as for a journey. 

PRE-PAR'A-TlVE-LY, adv. By way of preparation.— Hale. 

PRE-PAR'A-TO-RY, a. [It., Sp. preparatorio ; Fr. prepara- 
toire.] 1. Previously necessary ; useful or qualifying ; 
preparing the way for any thing by previous measures of 
adaptation. 2. Introductory ; previous ; preliminary ; an- 
tecedent and adapted to what follows. 

PRE-PaRE', v. t. [Fr. preparer ; It .preparare ; Sp., Port, pre- 
parar ; L. prcsparo.] 1. In a, general sense, to render suit- 
able for a particular purpose, end, use, service, or state by 
any means whatever. 2. To make ready. 3. To procure 
as suitable. 4. To set ; to establish. 5. To appoint. 6. 
To guide, direct, or establish. 1 Chron., xxix. — Syn. To 
fit ; adjust ; adapt ; qualify ; equip ; provide ; form ; make. 

PPwE-PaRE', v. i. 1. To make all things ready ; to put things 
in suitable order. 2. To take the necessary previous 
measures. 3. To make one's self ready. 

f PRE-PaRE', n. Preparation.— Shak. 

PRE-PaR£D' (pre-pard'), pp. or a. Fitted ; adapted ; made 
suitable ; made ready ; provided. 

PRE-PaR'ED-LY, adv. With suitable previous measures. 

PRE-PaR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being prepared or in 
readiness. — South. 

PRE-PIR'ER, n. 1. One who prepares, fits, or makes ready. 
2. One who provides. 3. That which fits or makes suitable. 

PRE-PaR'ING, ppr. Fitting ; adapting ; making ready ; pro- 
viding. 

PRe-PaY', v. t. To pay in advance or beforehand, as the 
postage of a letter. 

PRe-PaY'MENT, n. Payment in advance, as of postage. 

PRE-PENSE' (pre-pens'), a. [L.prcepensus.] Preconceived; 
premeditated ; aforethought. 

f PRE-PENSE', v. t. To weigh or consider beforehand. 

I- PRE-PENSE', v. i. To deliberate beforehand. 

PRE-PENS£D' (pre-pensf), pp. or a. Previously conceived ; 
premeditated. [Little used.] 

PRE-POL'LENCE, \n. [L. prapollens.] Prevalence ; su- 

PRE-POL'LEN-CY, 5 periority of power.— Coventry. 

PRE-POL'LENT, a. Having superior gravity or power ; 
prevailing. — Boyle. 

\ PRE-PON'DER, v. t. To outweigh.— Walton. 

PRE-PON'DER-ANCE, \ n. 1. An outweighing ; superiori- 

PRE-PON'DER-AN-CY, j ty of weight. 2. Superiority of 
power, force, or weight ; [in a figurative sense ;] as, a 
preponderance of testimony. See Preponderate. 

PRE-PON'DER-ANT, a. Outweighing.— Reid. 

PRE-PONT)ER-aTE, v. t. [L.pratpondero.] 1. To outweigh ; 
to overpower by weight. 2. To overpower by stronger 
influence or moral power. 

PRE-PON'DER-aTE, v. i. 1. To exceed in weight ; hence, 
to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance. 2. To ex- 
ceed in influence or power ; hence, to incline to one side. 

PRE-PON'DER-a-TED, pp. Exceededin weight. 

PRE-PON'DER- a-TING, ppr. or a. Outweighing ; inclining 
to one side. 

PRE-PON-DER-A'TION, n. The act or state of outweighing 
any thing, or of inclining to one side. — Watts. 

PRE-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. preposer.] To put before.— Focaloir. 
[Not much used.] 

PREP-O-SI'TION (-zish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. prapositio.] In 
grammar, a word usually put before another to express 
some relation or quality, action, or motion to or from the 
thing specified. 

PREP-0-Sl"TION-AL (-zish'un-al), a. Pertaining to a prep- 
osition, or to preceding position. — Encyc. 

PRE-POS'I-TlVE, a. Put before.— Jones. 

PRE-POS'I-TlVE, n. A word or particle put before an- 
other word. — Jones. 

PRE-POS'I-TOR, n. [L. prapositor.] A scholar appointed 

by the instructor to inspect other scholars. 
PRE-POS'I-TURE, n. The office or place of a provost ; a 
provo-tship. 

PRE-POS-SESS', v. t. 1. To preoccupy, as ground or land ; 
to take previous possession of. 2. To preoccupy the mind 



or heart so as to preclude other things ; hence, to oias or 
prejudice. See * Possess. 

PRE-POS-SESS£D' (pre-pos-sesf), pp. Preoccupied ; in- 
clined previously to favor or disfavor. 

PRE-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking previous possession. 
2. a. Tending to invite favor ; having power to secure the 
possession of favor, esteem, or love. 

PRE-POS-SESS'ING-LY, adv. In a way to prepossess. 

PRE-POS-SES'SION (-sesh'un), n. 1. Previous occupation , 
prior possession. 2. Preconceived opinion ; the effect cf 
previous impressions on the mind or heart, in favor or 
against any person or thing. It is often used in a good 
sense ; sometimes it is equivalent to prejudice, and some- 
times a softer name for it. In general, it conveys an idea 
less odious than prejudice ; as, the prepossessions of educa- 
tion. South. — Syn. Preoccupancy ; preoccupation ; pre- 
judgment; bias; bent 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS, a. [L. praposterus.] 1. Literally, hav- 
ing that first which ought to be last ; inverted in order. 2. 
Contrary to nature or reason ; not adapted to the end. 3. 
Characterized by folly or absurdity. — Syn. Perverted ; 
wrong ; irrational ; foolish ; monstrous ; absurd. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In a wrong or inverted or- 
der ; absurdly ; foolishly. — Bentley. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. Wrong order or method ; 
absurdity ; inconsistency with nature or reason. 

PRE-Po'TEN-CY, n. [L. prapotentia.] Superior power ; 
predominance. — Brown. [Little used.] 

PRE-Po'TENT, a. [L. prapotens.] Very powerful. [Rare.] 

PRe'PUCE, n. [Fr. ; L. prceputium.] The foreskin; a pro- 
longation of the sldn of the penis, covering the glans. 

PRE-PiJ'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the prepuce or foreskin. 

PRE-RE-MoTE', a. [pre and remote.] More remote in pre- 
vious timeor prior order. 

PRE-RE-Q.UIRE', v. t. [pre and require.] To require pre- 
viously. — Hammond. 

PRE-REQ'UI-SITE (-rek'we-zit), a. [pre and requisite.] Pre- 
viously required or necessary to something subsequent. 

PRE-REQ'UI-SlTE, n. Something that is previously re- 
quired or necessary to the end proposed. 

PRE-RE-SOLVE', v. t. To resolve previously. 

PRE-RE-SOLV.ED' (pre-re-zolvd'), pp. Resolved befoio 
hand ; previously determined. 

PRE-RE-SOLV'ING, ppr. Resolving beforehand. 

PRE-ROG'A-TSVE, n. [Fr. ; It. prerogativo ; L. praroga- 
tiva.] An exclusive or peculiar privilege or right. 

PRE-ROG'A-TiVE CoURT, n. In Great Britain, a court 
for the trial of all testamentary causes, where the deceased 
has left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds, 
in two different dioceses. 

PRE-ROG'A-TIVE OF'FlCE, n. The office in which the 
wills proved in the prerogative court are registered. 

PRE-ROG'A-TIV£D, a. Having prerogative.— Shakspecrs 
[Rare.] 

PRE-ROG'A-Tf VE-LY, adv. With a prerogative. 

* PRe'SAGE or PRES'AGE, n. [Fr. ; Sp., It. presagic , E. 
prasagium.] Something which foreshows a future ev ent ; 
a present fact indicating something to come. — Syn. Prog- 
nostic ; omen ; token ; sign. 

PRE-SagE', v. t. 1. To forebode ; to foreshow ; to betok- 
en ; to indicate by some present fact what is to follow or 
come to pass. 2. To foretell : to predict ; to prophesy 

PRE-SagE', v. i. To form or utter a prediction. 

PRE-SaG-ED' (prc-sajd'), pp. Foreboded ; foreshown ; fore- 
told. 

PRE-SaGE'FUL, a. Full of presages ; containing presages. 

PRE-SagE'MENT, n. 1. A foreboding; foretoken.— Wal- 
ton. 2. A foretelling ; prediction. 

PRE-SaG'ER, n. A foreteller ; a foreshower.— Shak. 

PRE-SaG'ING, ppr. or a. Foreshowing ; foretelling. 

PRES'BY-d-PY, n. A defect of vision, as in old age, when 
near objects are seen indistinctly, but distant ones more 
plainly. 

PRES'BY-TER, n. [Gr. TTpca6vTspo?.] 1. In the primitive 
Christian Church, an elder ; a person somewhat advanced 
in age, who had authority in the church. 2. A priest ; a 
person who has the pastoral charge of a particular church 
and congregation ; called, in the Saxon laws, mass-priest 
—Hooker. 3. A Presbyterian. — Butler. 

PRES-BYTER-ATE, n. Presbytery.— Heber. 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AL, 1 a. 1. Pertaining to a presbyter, or to 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, 5 ecclesiastical government by pres- 
byters. 2 L Consisting of presbyters. 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, n. 1. One who maintains the validity 
of ordination and government by presbyters. 2. One who 
belongs to a church governed by presbyters. 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN-ISM, n. That form "of Church govern- 
ment which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, 
and admits no prelates over them. 

PRES'BY-TER- Y, n. 1. A body of elders in the Christian 
Church. — 2. In ecclesiastical government, a jud.catory con- 
sisting of all the pastors of churches within a certain dis- 
trict, and one ruling elder, a layman, from each chutch, 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



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commissioned to represen ; the church in conjunction with 
the minister. 3. The Presbyterian religion. Tatler.—\. In 
architecture, that part of the church reserved for the offi- 
ciating priest. — Gwilt. 

• PR£'SCI-ENCE (pre she-ens), n. [L.prascientia.] Fore- 
knowledge ; knowledge of events before they take place. 

• PRE'SCI-ENT(pre'sheent),a. Foreknowing; having knowl- 
edge of events before they take place. — Pope. 

PRE-SCIND', v. t. [L. prcescindo.] To cut off; to abstract. 
— Norris. [Little used.] 

PRE-SCIND'ENT, a. Cutting off; abstracting.— Gheyne. 

PRe'SCIOUS (pre'shus), a. [L. prascious.] Foreknowing ; 
having foreknowledge. — Dryden. 

PRE-SCRIBE', v. t. [L. prascribo.] 1. In medicine, to di- 
rect, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased pa- 
tient. 2. To set or lay down authoritatively for direction ; 
to give as a rule of conduct. — 3. In a wider sense, simply 
to direct. — Syn. To appoint ; order ; command ; dictate ; 
ordain ; institute ; establish. 

PRE-SCRIBE', v. i. 1. To write or give medical directions ; 
to direct what remedies are to be used. 2. To give law ; 
to influence arbitrarily. — 3. In law, to claim by prescrip- 
tion ; to claim a title to a thing by immemorial use and 
enjoyment. 4. To influence by long use ; [obs.] 

PRE-S€RiBjED' (pre-skribd'), pp. or a. Directed ; ordered. 

PRE-S€RlB'ER, n. One who prescribes. 

PRE-S€RlB'ING, ppr. Directing; giving as a rule of con- 
duct or treatment. 

PRe'SCRIPT, a. [L. prascriptus.] Directed ; prescribed. 

PRe'S€RIPT, n. [L. prcescriptum.] 1. A direction ; a med- 
ical order for the use of medicines ; a prescription ; [little 
used.] 2. Direction ; precept ; model prescribed. 

PRE-SCRIPTI-BLE, a. That may be prescribed for. 

PRESCRIPTION, n. [L. prcescriptio.] 1. The act of pre- 
scribing or directing by rules ; or that which is prescrib- 
ed ; particularly, a medical direction of remedies for a 
disease and the manner of using them ; a recipe. — 2. In 
law, a prescribing for title ; the claim of title to an incor- 
poreal hereditament by virtue of immemorial use and en- 
joyment ; or the right derived from such use. — 3. In Scots 
law, the title to lands acquired by uninterrupted posses- 
sion for the time which the law declares to be sufficient, or 
forty years. 

PRESCRIPTIVE, a. 1. Consisting in or acquired by im- 
memorial use and enjoyment. 2. Pleading the continu- 
ance and authority of custom. — Kurd. 

f PRE'SE-ANCE, n. [Fr.] Priority of place in sitting. 

PRES'ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. prasentia.] 1. The existence of 
a person or thing in a certain place. 2. A being in com- 
pany near or before the face of another. 3. Approach, 
face to face, or nearness of a great personage. 4. State 
of being in view; sight. — 5. By way of distinction, state of 
being in view of a superior. 6. A number assembled be- 
fore a great person. 7. Port ; mien ; air ; personal ap- 
pearance ; demeanor. 8. The apartment in which a prince 

• shows himself to his court. 9. The person of a superior. 
— Presence of mind, a calm, collected state of the mind 
with its faculties at command in unexpected difficulties. 

PRES'ENCE-CHaM'BER, 1 n. The room i a which a great 

PRES'ENCE-ROOM, ) personage receives company. 

PRE-SEN-Sa'TION, n. Previous notion or idea. [Rare.] 

PRE-SEN'SION (-shun), n. [L. prasensio.] Previous per- 
ception. — Brown. [Little used.] 

PRES'ENT, a. [Fr. present ; L. prasens.] 1. Being in a cer- 
tain place ; opposed %o absent. 2. Being before the face, 
or near ; being in company. 3. Being now in view or under 
consideration. 4. Now existing, or being at this time ; not 
past or future. 5. Ready at hand ; quick in emergency. 6. 
Favorably attentive ; not heedless ; propitious. 7. Not 
absent of mind ; not abstracted ; attentive. — The present, 
an elliptical expression for the present time. Milton. — At 
present, ellip tic ally for at the present time. — Present tense, in 
grammar, the tense or form of a verb which expresses 
action or being in the present time, or conveys some gen- 
eral statement. 

PRES'ENT, n. [Fr.] 1. That which is presented or given ; 
something given or offered to another gratuitously. 2. The 
present time ; [elliptical.] — Presents, in the plural, is used 
in law for a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorn- 
ey, or other writing ; as in the phrase, " Know all men by 
these presents." — Syn. Donation; gift; donative; benefac- 
tion. 

PRE-SENT', v.t. [Low L.prcesento; Fr. presenter.] 1. To 
set, place, or introduce into the presence or before tiie 
race of a superior. 2. To exhibit to view or notice. 3. 
To offer ; to exhibit. 4. To give ; to offer gratuitously for 
reception. 5. To put into the hands of another in cdre- 
mony. 6. To favor with a gift 7. To nominate to an ec- 
clesiastical benefice ; also, to nominate for support at a 
public school.— C. Lamb. 8. To offer, as battle.— Hay- 
ward. 9. To lay before a public body for consideration, 
as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a corpora- 
tion, &c. 10. To lay before a court of judicature as an 



object of inquiry ; to give notice officially of a crime or 
offense. 11. To point op direct a weapon, particularly 
some species of fire-arms. — 12. In military language, to pre 
sent arms, is to hold them out in token of respect, as it 
ready to deliver them up. 13. To indict; [a customary 
use of the word in the United States.] 

PRE-SENTA.-BLE, a. 1. That may be presented ; that 
may be exhibited or represented. — Burke. 2. That may 
be offered to a church living. 3. That admits of the pres- 
entation of a clergyman ; [unusual.] 

PRES-EN-Ta'NE-QUS, a. [h.prasenlaneus.] Ready; quick, 
immediate. — Harvey. 

PRES-ENT-a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of presenting. 2. 
Exhibition ; representation ; display. — 3. In ecclesiastical 
law, the act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordi- 
nary for institution in a benefice. 4. The right of present- 
ing a clergyman. — Presentation copy, a copy cf a work 
presented to some one by the author as a testimony of 
respect. 

PRE-SENTA-TIVE, a. 1. In ecclesiastical affairs, that has 
the right of presentation.^ offering a clergyman to the 
bishop for institution. 2. That admits the presentation of 
a clergyman. 

PRE-SENTED, pp. Offered ; given ; exhibited to view ; ac 
cused. 

PRES-ENT-EE', n. One presented to a benefice.— Ayliffe. 

PRE-SENT'ER, n. One who presents. 

PRE-SEN'TIAL (-shal), a. Supposing actual presence. 
Norris. [Rare.] 

PRES-EN-TIAL'I-TY, n. The state of being present. [Rare.] 

PRE-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a way which supposes actual 
presence. — More. 

PRE-SEN'TIITE, v. t. To make present,— Grew. [Rare.] 

PRE-SEN'TIENT (-shent), a. Having previous perception, 

tSlllN.TIFll-AL, }* Making present. 

t PRES-EN-TIF'I€-LY, adv. In such a manfter as to make 
present. — More. 

PRE-SENTI-MENT, n. [pre and sentiment.] Previous con- 
ception, sentiment, or opinion ; previous apprehension of 
something future. — Butler. 

PRES'ENT-LY, adv. 1. At present ; at this time.— Sidney ; 
[obs.] 2. In a short time after ; soon after. 3. In a short 
time. — Syn. Immediately; directly; shortly; speedily; 
soon. 

PRE-SENT'MENT, n. 1. The act of presenting. 2. Ap- 
pearance to the view ; representation. — 3. In law, a pre- 
sentment, properly speaking, is the notice taken by a grand- 
jury of any offense from their own knowledge or observa- 
tion, without any bill of indictment laid before them 
Blackstone. — 4. In a more general sciise, presentment com- 
prehends inquisitions of office and indictments. Black- 
stone. — In the United States, a presentment is an official ac- 
cusation presented to a tribunal by the grand-jury in an 
indictment ; or it is the act of offering an indictment. It 
is also used for the indictment itself. 5. The official no 
tice in court which the surrenderee gives of the sur 
render of a copyhold estate. — Blackstone. 

t PRES'ENT-NESS, n. Presence.— Clarendon. 

PRE-SERVA-BLE, a. That may be preserved. 

PRES-ER-Va'TION, n. [It. preservazione ; Sv. preservation.] 
The act of preserving or keeping safe ; the act of keeping 
from injury, destruction, or decay. 

PRE-SERV'A-TIVE, a. [It. preservativo ; Fr. preservatif] 
Having the power or quality of keeping safe from injury, 
destruction, or decay ; tending to preserve. 

PRE-SERV'A-TIVE, n. That which preserves or has the 
power of preserving ; a preventive of injury or decay. 

PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. That tends to preserve — Hall. 

PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. That which has tne power of 
preserving ; a preservative. — Whitlock. 

PRE-SERVE' (pre-zerv'), v. t. [Fr. preserver ; It. preservare.] 
1. To keep from injury or destruction. 2. To keep in safe- 
ty or security. 3. To keep from decay ; to keep in a 
sound state. 4. To season with sugar or other substances 
for preservation. 5. To keep from corruption. 6. To 
maintain or keep throughout, as appearances. Junius. — 
Syn. To save ; secure ; uphold ; sustain ; defend ; spare ; 
protect ; guard ; shield. 

PRE-SERVE' (pre-zerv 7 ), n. 1. Fruit or a vegetable seas 
oned and kept in sugar or sirup. — Mortimer. 2. A place 
for the shelter and preservation of animals intended for 
sport or food, as game, fish, &c. 

PRE-SERV.ED' (pre-zervd'), pp. or a. Saved from injury 
destruction, or decay ; kept or defended from evil ; seas 
oned with sugar for preservation. 

PRE-SERV'ER, n. 1. The person or thing that preserves , 
one who saves or defends from destruction or evil. 2 
One who makes preserves of fruits. 

PRE-SERV'ING, ppr. or a. Keeping safe from injury, d» 
struction, or decay ; defending from evil. 

PRE-SIDE' (pre-zide'), v. i. [L. prasideo ; Fr. presider.] 1 
To be set over for the exercise of authority ; to direct 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, ice., long.— X, e, i, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY —MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, EOQK. 



PRE 



775 



PRE 



control, and govern, as the chief officer : usually with 
over. 2. To exercise superintendence ; to watch over as 
inspector. 

PRES'I-DEN-CY, n. 1. Superintendence; inspection and 
care. 2. The office of president. 3. The term during 
which a president holds his office. 4. The jurisdiction of 
a president. 5. The family or suite of a president. — Bu- 
chanan. 

PRES'I-DENT, n. [Fr. ; L. prasidens.] 1. An officer elected 
or appointed to preside over a corporation, company, or 
assembly of men to keep order, manage their concerns, or 
govern their proceedings. 2. An officer appointed or 
elected to govern a province or territory, or to administer 
the government of a nation. 3. The chief officer of a col- 
lege or university; [United States.] 4. A tutelar power. 
Waller. — Vice-president, one who takes the place of a pres- 
ident in case of absence, disability, or death. 

PRES-I-DEN'TIAL (shal), a. 1. Pertaining to a president. 
— Walsh. 2. Presiding over. — Glanville. 

PRES'I-DENT-SHIP, n. 1. The office and place of presi- 
dent. 2. The term for which a president holds his office. 

PKE-SID'I-AL, \a. [L. presidium.] Pertaining to a gar- 

PRE-SID'I-A-RY, 5 rison ; having a garrison.— Howell. 

PRE-SlDTNG, ppr. or a. Directing ; controlling ; superin- 
tending. 

PRE-SIG-NI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of signifying or show- 
ing beforehand. — Barrow. 

PRE-SIG'NI-FIED, pp. Signified beforehand. 

PRE-SIGNI-FY, v. t. [pre and signify.] To intimate or sig- 
nify beforehand ; to show previously. — Pearson. 

PRE-SIG^T-FY-ING, ppr. Intimating beforehand. 

PRESS, v. t. [Fr. presser ; It. pressare.] 1. To urge with 
force or weight ; a word of extensive use, denoting the 
application of any power, physical or moral, to something 
that is to be moved or affected. 2. To squeeze ; to crush. 
3. To drive with violence ; to . hurry. 4. To urge ; to 
enforce ; to inculcate with earnestness. 5. To embrace 
closely; to hug. 6. To force into service, particularly 
into naval service ; to impress. 7. To straiten ; to dis- 
tress, as with poverty. 8. To constrain ; to compel ; to 
urge by authority or necessity. 9. To urge ; to impose 
by importunity. 10. To urge or solicit with'earnestness or 
importunity. 11. To urge ; to constrain. 12. To squeeze 
for making smooth, as cloth or paper. 

PRESS, v. i. 1. To urge or strain in motion ; to urge for- 
ward with force. 2. To bear on with force ; to encroach. 
3. To bear on with force ; to crowd ; to throng. 4. To 
approach unseasonably or importunately. 5. To urge 
with vehemence and importunity. 6. To urge by influ- 
ence or moral force. 7. To push with force ; as, to press 
against the door. 

PRESS, n. [It. pressa ; Fr. presse.] 1. An instrument or ma- 
chine by which any body is squeezed, crushed or forced 
into a more compact form. 2. A machine for printing ; a 
printing-press. 3. The art or business of printing and 
publishing ; hence, the publications issued from the press, 
taken collectively. 4. A crowd ; a throng ; a multitude 
of individuals crowded together. 5. The act of urging or 
pushing forward. 6. A wine-vat or cistern. — Hag., ii. 7. 
A case or closet for the safe-keeping of garments. 8. Urg- 
ency ; urgent demands of affairs. 9. A commission to 
force men into public service, particularly into the navy. 
— Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sail as the state 
of the wind will possibly permit. — Liberty of the press, in 
civil policy, is the free right of publishing books, pamphlets, 
or papers with no other restraint than that of answering 
for any injury done to individuals or the state. 

PRESS-BED, n. A bed that may be raised and inclosed in 
a case. 

PRESS'-GANG, n. A detachment of seamen under the 
command of an officer, empowered to impress men into 
the naval service. 

PRESS'- M6N-EY (-mun-ne), n. Money paid to a man im- 
pressed into public service. — Gay. See Prest-money. 

PRESS-W6RK (-wurk) n. In printing, the taking of im- 
pressions from types, &c, by means of the press. — Brande. 

PRESSED (prest), pp. or a. Urged by force or weight ; 
squeezed ; constrained ; distressed ; crowded ; embraced. 

PRESS'ER, n. One who presses. 

PRESSING, ppr. 1. Urging with force or weight ; squeez- 
ing ; constraining ; crowding ; embracing ; distressing ; 
forcing into service ; rolling in a press. 2. a. Urgent ; im- 
portunate ; distressing. 

PRESSING, n. The act or operation of applying force for 
the purpose of compressing bodies or rendering them 
compact. 

PRESS'ING-LY, adv. With force or urgency ; closely. 

PRES'SION (presh'un), n. [It. pressione.] 1. The act of 
pressing ; pressure ; [little used.] — 2. In the Cartesian phi- 
losophy, an endeavor to move. 

PRES-SI-ROSTERS, n. pi. [L. pressus and rostrum.] A 
tribe of wading birds, including those which have a com- 
pressed or flattened beak. — Brande. 



PRES-SI-ROSTRAL, a. Having a compressed or flattened 
beak ; applied to certain birds, as the lapwing. — Partington. 

t PRES'SI-TANT, a. Gravitating ; heavy.— More. 

t PRESS'LY, adv. [L. presse.] Closely ; with compression. 

PRESS'MAN, n. 1. In printing, the man who manages the 
press and impresses the sheets. 2. One of a press-gang, 
who aids in forcing men into the naval service. 

PRESSURE (presh'ur), n. [It. ; L. pressura.] 1. The act of 
pressing or urging with force. 2. The act of squeezing 
or crushing. 3. The state of being squeezed or crushed. 
4. The force of one body acting on another by weight or 
the continued application of power. 5. A constntining 
force or impulse ; that which urges or compels the intel- 
lectual or moral faculties. 6. That which afflicts the body 
or depresses the spirits ; any severe affliction, distress, ca- 
lamity, or grievance ; straits, difficulties, embarrassments, 
or the distress they occasion. 7. Urgency ; as, the press- 
ure of business. 8. Impression ; stamp ; character im- 
pressed. — 9. In the steam-engine, high-pressure denotes a 
pressure greater than that of the atmosphere ; low-press- 
ure, a pressure not greater than that of the atmosphere. 

PREST, sometimes used for pressed. See Press. 

t PREST, a. [Old Fr. prest, or preste, now pret, pret, or preste.] 

1. Ready ; prompt. — Fairfax. 2. Neat ; tight 

t PREST, n. [Fr. pret.] 1. A loan. Bacon.— 2. Formerly, a 
duty in money. 

PREST-M6N-EY (-mun-ne), n. Money paid to men when 
they enlist into the British service ; so called, because 
they hold themselves prest or ready to march at com- 
mand.— Too ne. 

PRES-Ta'TION, n. [L. prastatio.] Formerly, a payment of 
money ; sometimes used for purveyance. 

PRES-TxVTION-M6N-EY (-mun-ne). n. A sum of money 
paid yearly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to then- 
bishop, pro exteriore jurisdictione. 

t PRESTER, n. [Gr. -prjarnp-] 1. A meteor or exhalation 
formerly supposed to be thrown from the clouds with 
such violence that, by collision, it is set on fire. 2. The 
external part of the neck, which swells when a person is 
angry. — Prester (priest or presbyter) John, the name giv 
en, in the Middle Ages, to a supposed Christian sovereign 
in the interior of Asia, erroneously transferred by the 
Portuguese to the King of Abyssinia. — Encyc. Amer. 

PRESTIGE, n. [Fr.] Illusion; charm; fascination; impos- 
ture. 

PRES-TM-I-I'TION, n. [L. prastigia.] The playing of leg- 
erdemain tricks ; a juggling. — Diet. 

PRES-TI6T-I-TOR, n. "A juggler ; a cheat— More. 

PRES-TI6TA-TO-RY, a. Juggling ; consisting of impos- 
tures. 

PRES-TI61-OUS, a. Practicing tricks ; juggling.— Bale. 

PRESTI-MO-NY, n. [Port., Sp. prestimonio.] In canon law, 
a fund for the support of a priest appropriated by the 
founder. 

P RE S-TIS' SI-MO. [It] In music, very quick 

PRES'TO, adv. [Sp., It presto ; L. prasto.] 1. In music, a 
direction for a quick, lively movement or performance. 

2. Quickly ; immediately ; in haste. — Swift. 

PRE-STRICTION, n. [L. prcestrictus.] Dimness. 

PRE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [from presume.] That may be pre- 
sumed ; that may be supposed to he true or entitled to 
belief, without examination or direct evidence, or on 
probable evidence. 

PRE-SOMAl-BLY, adv. By presuming or supposing some- 
thing_to be true, without direct proof. — Brown. 

PRE-SuME', v. t. [Fr. presumer ; It. presumere ; L. prtzsumo.] 
To take or suppose to be true or entitled to belief, with- 
out examination or positive proof, or on the strength of 
probability. 

PRE-SuME', v. i. 1. To venture without positive permis- 
sion. 2. To act with great confidence : with on or upon 
before the ground of confidence ; as, he presumed on his 
ability. 3. To make confident or arrogant attempts. 

PRE-SuMED' (pre-zumd'), pp. Supposed or taken to be 
true, or entitled to belief, without positive proof 

PRE-9uM'ER n. One who presumes; also, an arrogant 
person.— Wotton. 

PRE-SuMTNG, ppr. 1. Taking as true, or supposing to be 
entitled to belief, on probable evidence. 2. a. Venturing 
without positive permission ; too confident ; arrogant" 
unreasonably bold : presumptuous. 

PRE-SCM'ING-LY, adv. With presumption. 

PRE-SUMP'TION, n. [Fr. presomption ; L. pra:sump'io.] I. 
Supposition of the truth or real existence of something 
without direct or positive proof of the fact. 2. Strong 
probability. 3. Blind or headstrong confidence : unreas- 
onable adventurousness ; a venturing to undertake some- 
thing without reasonable prospect of success, or against 
the usual probabilities of safety ; presumptuousness. 4. 
Arrogance. 5. Unreasonable confidence in divine favor. 

PRE-SUMP'TlVE, a. 1. Taken by previous supposition , 
grounded on probable evidence. 2. Unreasonably confi 
dent ; adventuring without reasonable ground to expect 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VJ"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PRE 



776 



PRE 



success ; presumptuous ; arrogant. — Presumptive evidence, 
in law, is that which is derived from circumstances which 
necessarily or usually attend a fact as distinct from direct 
evidence or positive proof. — Presumptive heir, one who 
would inherit an estate if the ancestor should die with 
things in their present state, but whose right of inheritance 
may be defeated by the birth of a nearer heir before the 
death of the ancestor. 

PRE-SUMP'TlVE-LY, adv. By presumption, or supposition 
grounded on probability. — Burke. 

PRE-SUMPTU-OUS, a. [Fr. presomptueux ; It., Sp. presun- 
tuoso.] 1. Bold and confident to excess ; adventuring 
without reasonable ground of success ; hazarding safety 
on too slight grounds. 2. Founded on presumption ; pro- 
ceeding from excess of confidence. 3. Characterized by 
arrogance. 4. Unduly confident ; irreverent with respect 
to sacred things. 5. Willful ; done with bold design, rash 
confidence, or in violation of known duty ; as, presumptu- 
ous transgression. — Syn. Over-confident ; foolhardy ; rash ; 
presuming ; forward ; arrogant ; insolent. 

PRE-SUMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With rash confidence. 2. 
Arrogantly ; insolently. 3. Willfully ; in bold defiance of 
conscience or violation of known duty. 4. With ground- 
less and vain confidence in the divine favor. 

PRE-SUMPTH-OU3-NESS, n. The quality of being pre- 
sumptuous or rashly confident ; groundless confidence ; 
arrogance ; irreverent boldness or forwardness. 

PRE-SUP-Po'SAL, n. [pre and supposal] Supposal previ- 
ously formed ; presupposition. — Hooker. 

PRE-SUP-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. presupposer ; It. presupporre.] To 
suppose as previous ; to imply as antecedent. 

PRE-SUP-P5S.ED' (pre-sup-pozd 7 ) pp. or a. Supposed to be 
antecedent. 

PRE-SUP-PoS'ING, ppr. Supposing as previous. 

PRE-SUP-PO-Si"TION (-zish'un), n. 1. Supposition previ- 
ously formed. 2. Supposition of something antecedent. 

PRE-SUR-MlSE', n. A surmise previously formed. 

PRE-TENCE' (pre-tens^, n. [L. pratensus.] 1. A holding 
out or offering to others something false or feigned ; a 
presenting to others a false or hypocritical appearance. 2. 
Assumption ; claim to notice. 3. Claim, true or false. 4. 
Something held out to terrify or for other purpose.-- Syn. 
Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse. [For 
remarks on the spelling of this word, see pretense.] 

PRE-TEND', v. t. [L. pratendo ; Fr. pretendre.] 1. Literally, 
to reach or stretch forward. — Dryden ; [not used.] 2. To 
hold out, as a false appearance ; to offer something feigned 
instead of that which is real ; to assume or profess to feel. 
3. To show hypocritically. 4. To exhibit as a cover for 
something hidden ; [obs.] 5. To claim. — Dryden. 6. To 
intend ; to design ; [obs.] — Syn. To feign ; counterfeit ; 
simulate ; affect. 

PRE-TEND', v. i. To put in a claim, truly or falsely ; to 
hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or perform- 
ing. 

PRE-TEND'ED, pp. 1. Held out, as a false appearance ; 
feigned ; simulated. 2. a. Ostensible ; hypocritical. 

PRE-TEND'ED-LY, adv. By false appearance or represent- 
ation. — Hammond. 

PRE-TEND'ER, n. 1. One who makes a show of something 
not real ; one who lays claim to any thing. — 2; In English 
history, the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who laid 
claim to the crown of Great Britain, but was excluded 
by law. 

PRE-TEND'ER-SHIP, n. The claim of the Pretender. 

PRE-TEND'ING, ppr. Holding out a false appearance ; 
falsely or hypocritically laying a claim to. 

PRE-TENDTNG-LY, adv. Arrogantly ; presumptuously. 

PRE-TENSE' (pre-tens'), n. [L. pratensus.] 1. A holding 
out or offering to others something false or feigned ; a 
presenting to others a false or hypocritical appearance. 2. 
Assumption; claim to notice. 3. Claim, true or false. 4. 
Something held out to terrify or for other purpose. — Syn. 
Mask ; appearance ; color ; show ; pretext ; excuse. [This 
word, like expense, has, till of late, been spelled with a c ; 
but it ought to undergo the same change with expense, the 
reasons being the same, viz. : that s must be used in the 
derivatives, pretension, &c, as in expensive.] 

PRE-TENS.ED' (pre-tensf), a. Pretended ; feigned. [Rare.] 

PRE-TEN'SION (-shun), n. [It. pretensione ; Fr. pretention.] 
1. Claim, true or false ; a holding out the appearance oi 
right or possession of a thing, with a view to make others 
believe what is not real, or what, if true, is not yet known 
or admitted. 2. Claim to something to be obtained, or a 
desire to obtain something, manifested by words or ac- 
tions. 3. Fictitious appearance ; [obs.] 

PRE-TENT'A-TlVE, a. [L. pr<r. and tento.] That may be 
previously tried or attempted. — Wotton ; [little used.] 

PRe'TER, a Latin preposition, [prater,] is used in some 
English words as a prefix. Its proper signification is be- 
yond, hence, beside, more. 

PRE-TER-IM-PER'FECT, a. [L. prater, beyond or beside, 
and imperfectus, unfinished.] In grammar, an epithet des- 



ignating the tense which expresses action or being not 
perfectly past ; more usually called the imperfect tense. 

PRe'TER-IT, a. [L. prczteritus.] Past ; applied to the tense, 
in grammar, which expresses an action or being perfectly 
past or finished, often that which is just past or completed, 
but without a specification of time. 

PRE-TER-I"TION (-ish'un), n. [Fr.] 1. The act of going 
past ; the state of being past. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by 
which, in pretending to pass over any thing, we make a 
summary mention of it. 

PRE-TER'I-TlVE, a. In grammar, an epithet applied t* 
verbs used only or chiefly in the preterit or past tenses. 

PRE'TER-IT-NESS, n. The state of being past. [Rare.] 

PRE-TER-LAPS.ED' (pre-ter-lapsf ), a. [L. prceterlapsus. j 
Past ; gone by. 

PRE-TER-LE'GAL, a. [L. prater, and legal] Exceeding 
the limits of law ; not legal. — K. Charles. [Little used.] 

PRE-TER-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. [L. pratermissio.] 1. A 
passing by ; omission. — 2. In rhetoric, the same as preter- 
ition. 

PRE TER-MIT, v. t. [L. pratermitto.] To pass by ; to omit. 
— Bacon. 

PRE-TER-MIT'TED, pp. Passed by ; omitted. 

PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL, a. [L. prater, and natural] Be- 
yond what is natural, or different from what is natural ; 
irregular. We call those events in the physical world 
preternatural, which are extraordinary, which are deemed 
to be beyond or without the ordinary course of things, and 
yet are not deemed miraculous, in distinction from events 
which are supernatural, which can not be produced by 
physical laws or powers, and must, therefore, be produced 
by a direct exertion of omnipotence. We also apply the 
epithet to things uncommon or irregular ; as, a preternat- 
ural swelling. 

PRE-TER-NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. Preternaturalness. [Rare.] 

PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner beyond or 
aside from the common order of nature. 

PRE-TER-NAT'H-RAL-NESS, n. A state or manner differ- 
ent from the common order of nature. 

PRE-TER-PER'FE€T, a. [L. prater and perfectus.] Literal- 
ly, more than complete or finished; an epithet, in grammar, 
equivalent to preterit, applied to the tense of verbs which 
expresses action or being absolutely past ; more usually 
called the perfect tense. 

PRE-TER-PLu'PER-FECT, a. [L. prater, plus, and perfea- 
us.] Literally, beyond more than perfect ; an epithet, in 
grammar, designating the tense of verbs which expresses 
action or being past prior to another past event or time ; 
more usually called the pluperfect tense. 

t PRE-TEX', v. t. [L. pratexo.) To cloak ; to conceal. 

* PRE-TEXT' or PRETEXT, n. [L. pratextus ; Fr. pretexte.] 
False appearance ; ostensible reason or motive assigned or 
assumed to conceal or disguise for the real reason or mo 
tiye. — Syn. Pretense ; guise ; mask ; color ; cloak ; show 

PRe'TOR, n. [L. prator.] An officer among the ancient 
Romans. Originally, the pretor was a kind of third con- 
sul ; but, at an early period, two pretors were appointed ; 
the first of whom {prator urbanus) was a kind of mayor 
or city judge ; the other {prator per egrinus) was a judge 
of cases in~which one or both the parties were foreign- 
ers. Still later, the number of pretors or judges was fur- 
ther increased. — Smith's Diet. 

PRE-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a pretor or judge ; judi- 
cial. 

PRE-To'RI-AN, a. Belonging to a pretor or judge ; judicial ; 
exercised by the pretor. — Pretorian bands, or guards, or 
pretorians, in Roman history, were the emperor's guards. — 
Pretorian gate, in a Roman camp, that gate which lay next 
the enemy. 

PRE'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of pretor.— Wartmi. x 

PRET'TI-LY (prit'te-le), adv. 1. In a pretty manner ; with 
neatness and taste ; pleasingly ; without magnificence or 
splendor. 2. With decency, good manners, and decorum 
without dignity. 

PRETTI-NESS (priffee-nes), n. 1. Diminutive beauty; a 
pleasing form without stateliness or dignity. — More. 2. 
Neatness and taste displayed on small objects. 3. De- 
cency of manners ; pleasing propriety without dignity or 
elevation. 

PRETTY (prifty), a. [Sax. prate, pratig ; Dan. prydet ; Sw: 
prydd ; W. pryd.] 1. Having diminutive beauty ; of a 
pleasing form without the strong lines of beauty, or with- 
out gracefulness and dignity. 2. Neat and appropriate 
without magnificence or splendor. 3. Handsome : neatly 
arranged or ornamented. 4. Neat ; elegant without ele- 
vation or grandeur. 5. Sly ; crafty, as a trick. 6. Small ; 
diminutive ; [ in contempt. ] 7. Not very small ; moder- 
ately large ; [obs.] 

PRETTY (prit'ty), adv. In some degree ; tolerably ; mod- 
era tely . — A tterb wry. 

PRET'TY-SPoK-^N, a. Spoken or speaking prettily. 

PRE-TYP'I-FTED (-fide), pp. Antecedently represented by 
type ; prefigured. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



777 



PR1 



PftE-TYP'I-FY, v. t. [pre and typify .\ To prefigure ; to ex- 
hibit previously in a type. — Pearson. 
PRE-TYP'I-FY-ING, ppr. Prefiguring. 
PRE-VaIL', v. i. [Fr. prevaloir ; It. prevalere ; L. pravaleo.] 

1. To overcome ; to gain the victory or superiority ; to 
gain the advantage. 2. To be in force ; to have effect, 
power, or influence. 3. To be predominant ; to extend 
over with force or effect. 4. To gain or have predomi- 
nant influence ; to operate with effect. 5. To persuade 
or induce : with on or upon. 6. To succeed. 

PRE-VaILED', pp. Gained advantage ; persuaded ; suc- 
ceeded. 

PRE-VXILTNG, ppr. 1. Gaining advantage, superiority, or 
victory; having effect; persuading; succeeding. 2. a. 
Having more influence ; superior in power. 3. Having 
efficacy or success, as prayer. 4. Most common or gen- 
eral. — Syn. Predominant ; prevalent ; dominant ; ruling ; 
overruling ; efficacious ; effectual ; successful. 

PRE-VaIL'ING-LY, adv. So as to prevail or have success. 

PRE-VIIL'MENT, n. Prevalence.— Shalt. [Little used.] 

PREVALENCE, In. 1. Superior strength, influence, or 

PREV'A-LEN-CY, 5 efficacy; most efficacious force in pro- 
ducing an effect. 2. Predominance ; most general recep- 
tion or practice. 3. Most general existence or extension. 
4. Success ; efficacy. 

PREV'A-LENT, a. 1. Gaining advantage or superiority ; 
victorious. 2. Powerful ; efficacious ; successful. 3. Pre- 
dominant ; most generally received or current. 4. Pre- 
dominant ; most general ; extensively existing. 

PREV'A-LENT-LY, adv With predominance or superior- 
ity; powerfully. 

PRE-VAR'I-CaTE, v. i. [It. prevaricare ; Sp. prevaricar ; Fr. 
prevariquer ; L. pravaricor.] 1. To shuffle ; to quibble ; 
to shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct 
course or from truth ; to play foul play.— 2. In the civil 
laic, to collude ; as where an informer colludes with the 
defendant, and makes a sham prosecution. — 3. In English 
law, to undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the 
purpose of defeating or destroying it. 

PRE-VAR'I-CaTE, v. t. To pervert ; to corrupt ; to evade 
by a quibble. [Little used.} 

PRE-VAR'I-€A-TED,jp_p. Evaded by a quibble. 

PRE-VAR'1-Ca-TING, ppr. or a. Quibbling to evade the 
truth. 

PRE-VAR-I-Ca'TION, n. 1. A shuffling or quibbling to evade 
the truth or the disclosure of truth ; the practice of some 
trick for evading what is just or honorable ; a deviation or 
swerving from the plain path of truth and fair dealing. — 2. 
In the civil law, the collusion of an informer with the de- 
fendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. — 
3. In common law, a seeming to undertake a thing falsely 
or deceitfully, for the purpose of defeating or destroying 
it. 4. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office or 
commission. 

PRE-VAR'I-Ca-TOR, n. 1. One who prevaricates; a shuf- 
fler ; a quibbler. 2. A sham dealer ; one who colludes 
with a defendant in a sham prosecution. 3. One who 
abuses his trust. 

\ PRE-VeNE', v. t. [L. pravenio.] Literally, to come before ; 
hence, to hinder. — Philips. 

PRE-VeN'IENT, a. [L. praveniens.] 1. Going before ; pre- 
ceding : hence, 2. Preventive. — Milton. 

PRE-VENT, v. t. [L. praxenio ; It. prcoenire ; Sp., Fr. pre- 
vent?:] 1. To stop or intercept the approach, access, or 
performance of a thing ; as, to prevent danger. 2. To go 
before ; to precede. — Ps. cxix., 148 ; [obs.] 3. To take 
hold on ; to seize. — Job, xxx., 16 ; [obs.] 4. To succor. — 
Ps. lix., 10 ; [obs.] 5. To anticipate, as commands. — Pope ; 
[obs.] 6. To preoccupy ; to pre-engage. — K. Charles ; [obs.] 
— Syn. To hinder ; impede ; preclude ; debar ; obstruct. 

I- PRE-VENT, v. i. To come before the usual time. — Bacon. 

PRE-VENTA-BLE, a. That may be prevented. 

PRE-VENT' ED, pp. Hindered from happening. 

PRE-VENT'ER, n. 1. One who goes before. — Bacon; [obs.] 

2. One who hinders ; a hinderer ; that which hinders. 
PRE-VENTING, ppr. 1. Going before ; [obs.] 2. Hinder- 
ins: ; obviating. 

PRE-VENTTNG-LY, adv. In such a manner or way as to 
hinder.— Dr. Walker. 

PRE-VEN'TlON, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of going before.— Ba- 
con; [obs.] 2. Preoccupation; anticipation; [little used.] 

3. The act of hindering ; hinderance ; obstruction of ac- 
cess or approach. 4. Prejudice; prepossession; [a French 
sens?, but not in use in English.] 

PRE-VENTION-AL, a. Tending to prevent.— Diet. 

PREVENT IVE, a. Tending to hinder ; hindering the ac- 
cess of. — Brown. 

PRE-VENT'lVE, n. 1. That which prevents ; that which 
intercepts the access or approach of. 2. An antidote pre- 
viously taken. — Preventative is a cross blunder. 

PRE-VENT'lVE SERVICE, n. In Great Britain, the duty 
performed by the armed police in guarding the coast 
against smuggling. 



PRE-VENTiVE-LY, ad a By way of prevention , in a man- 
ner that tends to hind^,/ 

PRe'VI-OUS, a. [L. pravius.] Going before in time ; being 
or happening before something eke. — Svn. Antecedent; 
preceding ; anterior ; prior ; foregoing ; former. 

PRe'VI-OUS-LY, adv. In time preceding ; beforehand ; an- 
tecedently. 

PRe'VI-OUS-NESS, n. Antecedence ; priority in time. 

PRE-Vl'SION (-vizh'un), n. [L.prcevisus.] Foresight; fore- 
knowledge ; prescience. — Encyc. 

PRE-WARN', v. t. [See Warn.] To warn beforehand • to 
give previous notice of. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

PRE-WARN.ED', pp. Given previous notice of. 

PRE-WARN'ING, ppr. Warning beforehand. 

PREY (pra), rc. [L. prceda; It. preda ; Vr.vroie; Arm. preyz 
or preih.] 1. Spoil ; booty ; plunder ; goods taken by 
force from an enemy in war. 2. That which is seized or 
may be seized by violence to be devoured ; ravine. 3. 
Ravage ; depredation. — Animal or beast of prey is a car- 
nivorous animal ; one that feeds on the flesh of other 
animals. 

PREY (pra), v. i. 1. To prey on or vpon is to rob ; to plun- 
der ; to pillage. 2. To feed by violence, or to seize and 
devour. 3. To corrode ; to waste gradually ; to cause to 
pine away. 

PRE YE R (pra'er), n. He or that which preys ; a plunder 
er ; a waster ; a devourer. 

PREYTNG (pra'ing), ppr. Plundering ; corroding ; wasting 
gradually. 

PRl'A-PISM, n. [from L. priapus.] More or less perma- 
nent erection and rigidity of the penis, without concupis- 
cence. 

PRICE, n. [Fr. prix ; It. prezzo ; Sp. precio ; Arm. pris ; D. 
prys ; G. preis ; Dan. priis ; L. pretium.] 1. The sum or 
amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value 
which a seller sets on his goods in market. 2. The sum 
or equivalent given for an article ; the cost. 3. The cur- 
rent value or rate paid for any species of goods. 4. Val 
ue ; estimation ; excellence ; worth. 5. Reward ; rec- 
ompense. — The price of redemption is the atonement of 
Jesus Christ. 1 Cor., vi. — A price in the hands of a fool, 
the valuable offers of salvation, which he neglects. — 
Prov., xvii. 

PRICE, v. t. 1. To pay for ; [obs.] 2. To set a price on. 

PRICE-CURRENT, n. A paper or table of the current 
prices of merchandise, stocks, &c. 

PRiCjBD (prist), a. Set at a value ; used in composition ; 
as, high-priced, low-priced. 

PRlCE'LESS, a. 1. Too valuable to admit of a price. 2. 
Without value ; worthless or unsalable. J. Barlow.— Sys 
Invaluable ; inestimable ; unvalued. 

PRICING, ppr. Setting a price on ; valuing. 

PRICK, v. t. [Sax. priccian ; D.prikkcn; Dan. prikker ; Sw. 
pricka.] 1. To pierce with a sharp-pointed instrument or 
substance. 2. To erect a pointed thing, or with an acu- 
minated point ; [applied chiefly to the ears.] 3. To fix by 
the point. 4. To hang on a point. 5. To designate by a 
puncture or mark ; as, to be pricked for sheriffs. — Bacon. 
6. To spur ; to goad ; to incite. 7. To affect with sharp 
pain ; to sting with remorse. 8. To make acid or pun- 
gent to the taste. 9. To write a musical composition 
with the proper notes on a scale. — 10. In seamen's lan- 
guage, to run a middle seam through the cloth of a sail 
— To prick a chart is to trace a ship's course on a chart. 
Mar. Diet. 

PRICK, v. i. 1. To become acid. 2. To dress one's self for 
show. 3. To come upon the spur ; to shoot along. 4. To 
aim at a point, mark, or place. 

PRICK, n. [Sax. pricca ; Sw. prick or preka.] 1. A slender, 
pointed instrument, or substance which is hard enough to 
pierce the skin ; a goad; a spur. 2. Sharp, stinging pain; 
remorse. 3. A spot or mark at which archers aim. 4. A 
point ; a fixed place. 5. A puncture or place entered by 
a point. 6. The print of a hare on the ground.— 7. In sea- 
men's language, a small roll. 

PRIGK'-PoST, n. A post in wooden buildings, framed in- 
termediately between two principal posts.— Brande. 

PRICKED (prikt), pp. Pierced with a sharp point ; spur- 
red ; goaded ; stung with pain ; rendered acid or pun- 
gent ; marked ; designated. 

PRICKER, n. LA sharp-pointed instrument.— 2. In collo- 
quial nst, a prickle. 3. A light-horseman ; [obs.] 

PRICK'ET, n. A buck in his second year.— Manwood. 

PRJCK'ING, ppr. Piercing with a sh;<rp point; goading; 
affecting with pungent pain ; making or becoming acid. 

PRICKING, n. 1. The act of piercin<r with a sharp point 
— 2. In farriery, the driving of a nail into a horse's foot so 
as to cause lameness. — Farm. Encyc. — Gardner. 3. A sen- 
sation of sharp pain, or of being pricked. 

PRICK'LE (prikl), n. 1. In botany, a small pointed shoot 
or sharp process, growing from the bark. 2. A sharp- 
pointed process of an animal. 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER Vl"CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



PR1 



778 



PR1 



PRI€K'LE-BA€K (priM-bak), n. A small fish, so named 
from the prickles on its back ; the stickle-back. 

PRICK'LI-NESS, n. The state of having many prickles. 

PRICK'LOUSE, n. A low word, in contempt, for a tailor.— 
L'Estrange. 

PRICK'LY, a. _Full of sharp points or prickles, — Swift. 

PRLGK'LY-PEaR, n. A name applied to various species 
of cactus, especially to the cactus opuntia, a fleshy and suc- 
culent plant, destitute of leaves, covered with spines, and 
consisting of flattened joints inserted upon each other. It 
produces a purplish edible fruit.— Encyc. Am. 

PRI-GK'MAD-AM, n. A species of house-leek. 

PRICK/PUNCH, n. A piece of tempered steel with a round 
point, to prick a round mark on cold iron. — Moxon. 

PRICK'SONG, n. A song set to music, or a variegated 
song ; in distinction from a plain song. — Shak. 

PRICKWOOD, n. A European shrub, of the genus euony- 
mus, so named from the use of the wood formerly as 
skewers. — Loudon. 

PRlDE, n. [Sax. pryt, pryde.} 1. Inordinate self-esteem; 
an unreasonably high opinion of one's own superiority in 
talents, beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rank, or eleva- 
tion in office, which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, 
reserve, and often in contempt of others. 2. Insolence ; 
rude treatment of others ; insolent exultation. — Shak. 3. 
Generous elation of heart ; a noble self-esteem springing 
from a consciousness of worth. 4. Elevation ; height, as 
of place. — Shak. 5. Decoration ; ornament ; beauty dis- 
played ; as, summer's pride. 6. Splendid show ; ostenta- 
tion ; splendor ; as, military pride. — Dry den. 7. That of 
which men are proud ; that which excites boasting. 8. 
Excitement of the sexual appetite in a female beast. — 
Shak. 9. Proud persons. Ps. xxxvi. — Syn. Self-exalta- 
tion ; conceit ; hauteur ; haughtiness ; lordliness ; loftiness. 

PRlDE, v. t. With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride one's 
self, to indulge pride ; to take pride ; to value one's 6elf ; 
to gratify self-esteem. 

PRlDE'FUL, a. Full of pride ; insolent ; scornful. 

PRlDE'LESS, a. Destitute of pride ; without pride. 

PRlDTNG, ppr. Indulging pride or self-esteem ; taking 
pride ; valuing one's self. 

PRlD'ING-LY, adv. With pride; in pride of heart— 
Barrow. 

PRlE, supposed to be so written for privet. — Tusser. 

PRl^ for pry. — Chaucer. 

^PRlEF, tor proof— Chaucer. 

PRl'ER, n. One who inquires narrowly ; one who search- 
esand scrutinizes. 

PRIEST (preest), n. [Sax.preost ; D., G.priester ; Dan. prczst ; 
Fr. pretre.] 1. Originally, and properly, one who officiates 
at the altar or performs the rites of sacrifice. Thus it is 
used in the pagan writers and in the Holy Scriptures.— 2. 
In the Latin and Greek Churches, one who is authorized 
to consecrate the host and to say mass ; but especially, 
one of the lowest order possessing this power. — 3. In the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, a presbyter ; one who be- 
longs to the intermediate order between bishop and dea- 
con. He is authorized to perform all ministerial services 
except those of ordination and confirmation. — The Prot- 
estant non-episcopal churches discard the title priest ; yet 
it is sometimes used, either ignorantly or contemptuously, 
for a pastor or an ordained minister of the Gospel. — Mar- 
dock. 

PRIEST'-LIKE, a. Resembling a priest, or that which be- 
longs to a priest.— Shak. 

PRIeST'€RaFT, n. The stratagems and frauds of priests ; 
fraud or imposition in religious concerns ; management 
of selfish and ambitious priests to gain wealth and power, 
orto impose on the credulity of others. — Pope. 

PRIeST'ESS, n. A female among pagans, who officiated in 
sacred things. — Addison. 

PRIESTHOOD, n. 1. The office or character of a priest. 
2. The order of men set apart for sacred offices ; the or- 
der composed of priests. 

PRIeST'LI-NESS, n. The appearance and manner of a 
priest. 

PRIeST'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a priest or to priests ; sa- 
cerdotal. 2. Becoming a priest. 

PRIeST'RID-D£N, a. Managed or governed by priests. 

PRIeVE, for prove. — Spenser. 

PRIG, n. [G.frech.) 1. A pert, conceited, saucy, pragmat- 
ical fellow.- Swift. 2. A thief. 

r PRIG, v. i. To haggle about the price of a commodity. — 

Ramsay's Poems 
PRIG, v. t. To filch or steal. 

PRIG'GISH, a Conceited ; coxcomical ; affected.— Brock- 
ets [A colloquial expression.] 
PRIG'GISH-LY, adv. In a priggish manner. 

PRIG'GISM, > „,, , . „, v 

PRIG'GER-1, S ^" e manners ot a prig. — Ed. Rev. 

PRILL, n. A birt or turbot— Ainsworth. 

PRIM, a. fRuss. primo or priamo. See Prime.] Properly, 

^straight ; erect ; hence, formal ; precise ; affectedly nice. 



PRIM, v. t. To deck with great nicety ; tj i jtc.l with affect 

ed preciseness. 
PRIM, n. A plant, privet, a native of Europe, bvt natural 

ized in the United States ; a strut six. o> e'gh* feeC. high. 
PRl'MA-CY, n. [It. primaxia; Fr. primvtie; Sp. primaciaA 

1. The chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a nation*, 
church ; the office or dignity of an exchbishop. 2. Excel 
lenue ; supremacy. 

PRi'MA DON'NA. {It.} The first female singer in an opera 

PRl'MA Fa'CI-E (-fa'she-e). [L.] At first view or appear 
ance. 

PRl'MAoE, n. In commerce, a certain allowance paid bj 
the shipper or consignee of goods to the mariners ami 
master of a vessel, for loading the same. — 31' Culloch. 

t PRl'MAL, a. [See Prime.] First.— Shak. 

PRl-MAL'I-TY, n. State of being primal.— Baxter. 

PRl'MA-RI-LY, adv. In the first place ; originally ; in th/ 
first intention. 

PRl'MA-PJ-NESS, n. The state of being first in time, in act 
or intention. — Norris. 

PRl'MA-RY, a. [L. primarius.] 1. First in order of time , 
original. 2. First in dignity or importance ; chief ; prin 
cipal. 3. First or lowest in order ; preparatory to some- 
thing higher ; as, primary assemblies or schools. 4. Rad- 
ical ; original ; as, th° primary signification of a term. 5. 
A term applied to the stiff quills in the last joint of a bird's 
wing. — Primary planets, see Planet. 

PRl'MA-RY, n. 1. That which stands highest in rank or 
importance ; opposed to a secondary. 2. A name of the 
large feathers on the last joint of a bird's wing. 

PRl'MATE, 7i. [It. primato ; Fr. primat.] The chief ecclesi- 
astic in a national church ; an archbishop. — Swift. 

PRl'MATE-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of an archbishop 

PRi-Ma'TIAL (-shal), a. Pertaining to a primate. 

PRl-MATIC-AL, a. Pertaining to a primate.— Barrow. 

PRIME, a. [L. primus.} 1. First in order of time ; original , 
as, prime cost. 2. First in rank, degree, or dignity. 3. 
First in excellence. 4. Early ; blooming. 5. First in val- 
ue or importance. 6. Lecherous ; as, " Wert they as prime 
as goats." Shak. — Prime number, in arithmetic, a number 
which is divisible only by unity, as 5, 7, 11. 

PRIME, n. 1. The first opening of day ; the dawn ; the 
morning. 2. The beginning ; the early days.— Hooker. 3. 
The spring of the year. 4. The spring of life ; youth ; 
hence, full health, strength, or beauty. 5. The best part. 
6. The utmost perfection. — 7. In the Roman Catholic 
Church, the first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds. — 8. 
In fencing, the first of the chief guards. — 9. In chemistry, 
primes are numbers employed, in conformity with the 
doctrine of definite proportions, to express the ratios in 
which bodies enter into combination. — Prime vertical, the 
vertical circle which passes through the east and west 
points of the horizon. 

PRIME, v. t. 1. To put powder in the pan of a musket or 
other fire-arm ; or to lay a train of powder for commu- 
nicating fire to a charge. 2. To lay on the first color in 
painting. 

PRIME, v. i. To serve for the charge of a gun. — Beaum. and FL 

PRIME MIN'IS-TER, n. The responsible head of a minis- 
try or executive government ; applied particularly to that 
of Great Britain. 

PRIM.ED, pp. 1. Having powder in the pan ; having the first 
color in painting. 2. a. Charged or filled with liquor ; in- 
toxicated. — Halliwell ; [low.] 

PRIME'LY, adv. 1. At first ; originally ; primarily.— South, 

2. Most excellently. 

PRIME'NESS, n. 1. The state of being first ; [little used.} 
2. Supreme excellence ; [little used.] 

t PRI'MER, a. First ; original. — Drayton. 

PRIM'ER, n. 1. Originally, a small prayer-book ; also, a 
work of elementary religious instruction. 2. A small ele- 
mentary book for teaching children to read. 

PRI'MER-FINE, n. In England, a fine due to the king on 
the writ or commencement of a suit by fine. 

PRFMER-SeTZIN, n. In feudal law, the right of the king, 
when a tenant in capite died seized of a knight's fee, to 
receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the 
land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the land 
was in reversion expectant on an estate for life. 

PRI-Me'RO, n. [Sp.] A game at cards. 

PRi-Me'VAL, a. [L. primavics.] Original ; primitive. 

PRI-Me'VOUS, a. Primeval. 

PRI-MI-GE'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First-born ; origin 
al ; primary. — Bp. Hall. 

PRI-MlG'E-NOUS, a. First formed or generated ; original. 
— Kirwan. 

PRI'MINE, n. [L. primus.] In botany, the outermost integ- 
ument or sac of an ovule. — Lindley. 

PRIM'ING, ppr. 1. Putting powder in the pan of a fire-arm. 
2. Laying on the first color in painting. 

PRIM'ING, n. 1. The powder in the pan of a gun, or laid 
along the channel of a cannon for conveying fire to the 
charge —2 Among painters, the first color laid on canvas 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



PR1 



779 



PRI 



or on a building, &c. — 3. In steam-engines, the hot water 
carried along with the steam from the boilers into the cyl- 
inders, which is always an evil. — Bucltanan. 

PRlM'ING-YVlRE, n. A pointed wire, used to penetrate 
the vent of a piece, for examining the powder of the 
cnarge or for piercing the cartridge. 

PRI-MIP'I-LAR, a. [L. primipilus.] Pertaining to the cap- 
tain of the vanguard. — Barrow. 

PRl-Mi"TIAL (-mish'al), a. Being of the first production. 

PRIMITIVE, a. [It. primitivo ; Fr. primitif; L. primitivus.] 

1. Pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times. 

2. Formal ; affectedly solemn ; imitating the supposed 
gravity of old times. 3. Not derived ; denoting that from 
which others are derived ; opposed to derivative ; as, a 
primitive word. — Privative colors, in painting, are red, yel- 
low, and blue, from the mixtures of which all other colors 
may be obtained. Brande.— Primitive rocks, in geology, 
rocks supposed to be first formed, being irregularly crys- 
tallized, and aggregated without a cement, and containing 
no organic remains, as granite, gneiss, &c. — Syn. Origin- 
al ; first ; primary ; radical ; pristine ; ancient ; antique ; 
antiquated ; old-fashioned. 

PRIM'I-TlVE, n. An original word ; a word not derived 

from another. 
PRIM'I-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. Originally ; at first. 2. Primari- 
ly ; not derivatively. 3. According to the original rule or 

ancient practice. 
PRIM'I-TlVE-NESS, n. State of being original ; antiquity ; 

conformity to antiquity. — Johnson. 
f PRIM'I-TY, n. The state of being original.— Pearson. 
PRIMTVIjED (primd), pp. Decked with great nicety. 
PRIM'NESS, n. [from prim.] Affected formality or nice- 

ness ; stiffness ; preciseness. 
PRTMO. [It.] In music, the first or leading part. 
PRi-MO-GE'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First-born, made, 

or generated : original ; primary ; constituent ; elemental. 

— Boyle. 
PRl-MO-GENT-TlVE, n. or a. A term applied to the right 

of primogeniture. — Shak. 
PRl-MO-GEN'I-TOR, n. [L. primus and genitor.] The first 

father or forefather. — Gayton. 
PRl-MO-GEN'I-TtJRE, n-. [L. primus and genitus.] 1. The 

state of being born first of the same parents ; seniority by 

birth among children. — 2. In law, the right which belongs 

to the eldest child, particularly to the eldest son. 
PRl-MO-GENl-TURE-SHIP, n. The state or privileges of 

one who is the first-born. 

* PRl-MOR'DI-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. primordialis.] First in or- 

der ; original ; existing from the beginning. 

* PRl-MOR'DI-AL, n. Origin ; first principle or element. 
PRl-MOR'DI-AN, n, A kind of plum. 

PRl-MOR'DI-ATE, a. [See Primordial.] Original; exist- 
ing from the first — Boyle. 

PRIM'RoSE, n. [L. primula veris.] An early flowering 
plant of the genus primula, of several varieties. — Primrose 
is used by Shakspeare for gay or flowery ; as, the primrose 
way. 

PRl'MUM MOB'I-LE. [L.] First cause of motion.— In the 
Ptolemaic astronomy, the outermost of the revolving spheres 
of the universe, by the motion of which diurnal motion was 
supposed to be given to the heavens. 

PRI'MUS IN'TER PARES. [L.] Chief among equals. 

fPRl'MY, a. Blooming.— Shak. 

PRINCE (prins), n. [Fr. ; It, Sp. principe ; L. princeps ; D. 
prins.] 1. In a general sense, a sovereign ; the chief and 
independent ruler of a nation or state. 2. A sovereign in 
a certain territory ; one who has the government of a par- 
ticular state or territory, but holds of a superior to whom 
he owes certain services. 3. The son of a king or emper- 
or, or the issue of a royal family. — Prince of Wales is the 
title bestowed on the eldest son of the English sovereign. 
4. The chief of any body of men. 5. A chief or ruler of 
either sex ; [rare.] 

PRINCE, v.i. To play the prince ; to take state. 

PRINCE -LlKE (prins'-like), a. Becoming a prince. — Shak. 

PRINCE'DoM (prins'dum), n. The jurisdiction, sovereign- 
ty, rank, or estate of a prince. 

PRINCE'LI-NESS, n. The state or dignity of a prince. 

PRINCE'LY, a. 1. Resembling a prince ; having the ap- 
pearance of one high-born ; stately ; dignified. 2. Hav- 
ing the rank of princes. 3. Becoming a prince ; royal ; 
grand ; august. 4. Very large, as an estate. 5. Magnifi- 
cent ; rich. 

PRINCE'LY, adv. In a prince-like manner. — Johnson. 

PRIN'CE'S-FEATH'ER (-fefh'er), n. A plant of the ama- 
ranth kind. 

PRIN'CE'S-MET^L, n. A compound of «opper and ziac, 
in imitation of gold ; also called Prince Rupert's metal. — 
Ure. 

PRINCESS, n. 1. A female sovereign, as an empress or 
queen. 2. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of a 
queen. 3. The daughter of a king. 4. The consort of a 
prince. _____ 



PRIN'CESS-LlKE, \a In the manner of a princess. 

PRIN'CESS-LY, J Byron. 

PRIN'CI-PAL, a. [Fr. ; L. principalis.] 1. Highest in rank, 
character, or respectability. 2. Most important or consid- 
erable. 3. Pertaining to a prince ; princely.— Spenser ; [a 
Latin use.] — 4. In law, a principal challenge is where the 
cause assigned carries with it prima facie evidence of par- 
tiality, favor, or malice. — 5. In music, fundamental. — Syn. 
Chief; leading; main; great; capital; cardinal; essential 

PRIN'CI-PAL, n. 1. A chief or head ; one who takes the 
lead ; a leader. 2. The president, governor, or chief in 
authority. We apply the word to the chief instructor of 
an academy or seminary of learning. — 3. In law, the actor 
or absolute perpetrator of a crime, or an abettor. — 4. In 
commerce, a capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or 
used as a fund. 5. One primarily engaged ; a chief party. 
— 6. In music, an organ stop. 

PRIN-CI-PAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. principalite.] 1. Sovereignty, 
supreme power. — Spenser. 2. A prince ; one invested 
with sovereignty. — Tit., hi. 3. The territory of a prince ; 
or the country which gives title to a prince. 4. Superior- 
ity ; predominance ; [little used.] — 5. In Scripture, roya} 
state or attire. — Jcr., xiii. 

PRIN'CI-PAL-LY, adv. In the most important respect, 
above all. — Syn. Chiefly ; mainly ; essentially ; especial- 
ly ; particularly. 

PRIN'CI-PAL-NESS, n. The state of being principal or 
chief. 

PRIN'CI-PaTE, n. Principality ; supreme rule. — Barrow. 

PRIN-CIP'I-A, n. pi. [L. prmcipium.] First principles ; the 
title of Sir Isaac Newton's exeat work. 

PRIN-CIP'I-ANT, a. Relating to principles or beginnings. 

tPR-IN-CIP-I-A'TlON, n. [L.principium.] Analysis into con- 
stituent or elemental parts. — Bacon. 

PRIN'CI-PLE, n. [It. prinr.ipio ; Fr. principe; 'L.principium.'] 

1. In a general sense, the cause, source, or origin of any 
thing ; that from which a thing proceeds. 2. Element ; 
constituent part ; primordial substance. 3. Being thai 
produces any thing; operative cause. — 4. In science, a 
truth admitted either without proof, or considered as hav- 
ing been before proved. 5. Ground ; foundation ; that 
which supports an assertion, an action, or a series of ac- 
tions or of reasoning. 6. A general truth ; a law compre- 
hending many subordinate truths. 7. Tenet or doctrine ; 
that which is believed. 8. A settled law or rule of action 
in human beings ; as, a principle of human nature.— Proxi- 
mate principles, see Proximate. 

PRIN'CI-PLE, v. t. 1. To establish or fix in tenets ; to im- 
press with any tenet, good or ill ; [chiefly used in the par- 
ticiple.] 2. To establish firmly in the mind. 

PRIN'CI-PLi?D, pp. Established in opinion or in tenets ; 
firmly fixed in the mind. 

PRIN'CI-PLING, ppr. Establishing firmly in the mind. 

PRIN'COCK, )n. [qu. prink.] A coxcomb; a conceited 

PRIN'COX, > person ; a pert young rogue. [A ludicrous 
word. Little used.] 

PRINK, v. i. [T).pronken.] 1. To prank ; to dress for show. 

2. To strut ; to put on stately airs. 

PRINK, v. t. To dress or adjust to ostentation. — Cbwper 

PRINKTNG, ppr. Dressing or adjusting for show. 

PRINT, v. t. [W. printiaw ; Fr. imprimer, empreinte ; Sp. im- 
primir ; It. imprimere.] 1. In general, to take or form let- 
ters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other mate- 
rial by impression. 2. To mark by pressing one thing on 
another. 3. To impress any thing so as to leave its form. 
4. To form by impression. 

PRINT, v. i. 1. To use or practice the art of typography, 
or of taking impressions of letters, figures, and the like 
2. To publish a book ; [elliptical] 

PRINT, n. 1. A mark made by impression ; any fine, char- 
acter, figure, or indentation of any form, made by the 
pressure of one body or thing on another. 2. The impres- 
sions of types in general, as to form, size, <fec. 3. That 
which impresses its form on any thing ; a stamp. 4. The 
representation or figure of any thing made by impression. 
— 5. In architecture, a plaster cast of a flat ornament, or an 
ornament of this kind formed of plaster from a mold. — 
Gloss, of Archit. 6. The state of being printed and pub- 
lished. 7. A single sheet printed for sale ; a newspaper. 
8. Formal method ; [obs\— 9. Prints, in the plural, en- 
gravings ; also, printed calicoes. — Out of print, a phrase 
which signifies that of a printed and published work, there 
are no copies for sale. 

PRINTED, pp. or a. Impressed with letters, &c. ; indented. 

PRINTER, n. 1. One who prints books, pamphlets, or pa- 
pers. 2. One who stains or prints cloths with figures, as 
calico. 3. One who impresses letters or figures with cop- 
per-plates. 

PRINT'ING, ppr. Impressing letters, characters, or figures 
on any thing ; making marks or indentations. 

PRINT'ING, n. The act, art, or practice of impressing let- 
ters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other ma- 
terial ; the business of a printer ; typography. — LcUer-prest 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"C10US.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; t'HasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



PRI 



780 



PRI 



printing is that which is performed from movable types 
set up for each edition of a work, instead of stereotype 
plates. 

PRINTING-INK, to. Ink used in printing books, newspa- 
pers, &c. It is made of lamp-black and boiled linseed-oil, 
or balsam of copaiva, and other ingredients, for the finer 
qualities. 

PRINTING-MA-cHiNE', to. A general term for all printing- 
presses in which the work is performed by machinery, and 
not directly by hand. 

PRINTING-Pa'PER, to. Paper to be used in the printing 
of books, pamphlets, &c, as distinguished from writing- 
paper, press-paper, wrapping-paper, &c. 

PRINTING-PRESS, to. A press for the printing of books, &c. 

PRINTLESS, a. That leaves no print or impression. 

PRl'OR, a. [L.] Coming before in the order of time. — Syn. 
Previous; antecedent; anterior; former; preceding; fore- 
going. 

PRl'OR, n. [Fr. prieur ; It. priore ; L. prior.] 1. The su- 
perior of a convent of monks, or one next in dignity to an 
abbot. — 2. In some churches, one who presides over others 
in the same churches. 

PRT'OR-ATE, to. Government by a prior. — Warton. 

PRl'OR-ESS, n. A female superior of a convent of nuns. 

PRl-OR'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being antecedent in time, 
or of preceding something else. 2. The state of being first 
in place or rank.— Syn. Antecedence ; precedence ; pre- 
eminence ; preference. 

f PRl'OR-LY. adv. Antecedently. — Geddes. 

PRi'OR-SHIP, n. The state or office of prior. 

PRl'OR- Y, n. 1. A convent of which a prior is the superior ; 
in dignity below an abbey.— 2. Priories are the churches 
given to priors in titulum, or by way of title. 

PRl'SAfiE, n. (Fr. prise.] A right belonging to the crown 
of England, of taking two tuns of wine from every ship 
importing; twenty tuns or more. 

PRIS-CILL'IAN-IST, to. In Church history, a follower of 
Priscillian, a Spanish bishop, who, though a truly devout 
man, embraced some of the errors of the Gnostics or 
Manichees, and, having been condemned by an ecclesiastic- 
cal court, was put to death by order of the emperor, A.D. 
385. — Murdoch 

FRlSE, n. A lever.— Halliwell. See Prize. 

PRISM, to. [Fr. prisme; Low L., Sp., It. prisma.] A solid 
whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel 
plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. The 
prism used in optics, to separate the rays of light, is a tri- 
angular prism, usually made of glass. 

PRIS-MATIG, \a. 1. Resembling a prism. 2. Separated 

PRIS-MATIC-AL, ) or distributed by a prism ; formed by 
a prism. 3. Pertaining to a prism. 

PRIS-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of a 
prism. — Boyle. 

PRIS-MA-TOID'AL, a. [L. prisma, and Gr. siSoS .] Having a 
prism-like form.— lire. 

PRIS'MOID, n. [L. prisma, and Gr. a8og.] A body that ap- 
proaches to the form of a prism. — Johnson. 

PRIS-MOID'AL, a. Having the form of a prismoid. 

PRISM'Y, a. Pertaining to or like a prism. — Am. Review. 

PRIS'ON (priz'n), n. [Fr. ; Sp. prision ; Arm. prisoun.] 1. 
A public building for the confinement or safe custody of 
criminals and debtors ; a jail. 2. Any place of confine- 
ment or restraint. — 3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afflict- 
ed condition.— Eccles., iv. 4. The cave where David was 
confined. — Ps. cxlii. 5. Spiritual bondage. — 7s., xlii. 

PRIS'ON, v. t. 1. To shut up in a prison ; to confine ; to re- 
strain from liberty ; to imprison. 2. To confine in any 
manner. 3. To captivate ; to enchain. [A word little used.] 

PRIS'ON-BaSE, n. A kind of rural sport, depending on 
swiftness in running ; commonly called prison-bars. 

PRIS'ON-HOUSE, to. A house in which prisoners are con- 
fined ; a jail. — Judges, xvi. — Shak. 

PPJS'ON.ED, pp. or a. Imprisoned ; confined ; restrained. 

PRIS'ON-ER, n. 1. One who is confined in a prison by legal 
arrest or warrant. 2. A person under arrest or in custody 
of the sheriff, whether in prison or not. 3. A captive ; 
one taken by an enemy in war. 4. One whose liberty is 
restrained, as a bird in a cage. 

PRIS'ONJNG, ppr. Confining; imprisoning. 

PRIS'ON-MENT. n. Confinement in a prison ; imprison- 
ment. — Shak. [Little used.] 

PRISTINE, a. [L. prislinus.] Pertaining to an earlier state 
or period ; as, pristine dignity. — Syn. Original ; first ; 
primitive , ancient ; old ; former. 

PRITHEE. A corruption of pray thee ; as, I prithee ; but it 
is generally used without the pronoun, prithee. 

PRITTLE-PRATTLE, n. Empty talk ; trifling loquacity. 
— Pp. Bramhall. [A word used in contempt or ridicule.] 

* PRl'VA-CY. n. 1. A state of being in retirement from the 
company or observation of others ; secrecy. 2. A place 
- lusion from company or observation ; retreat ; soli- 



tude 
[ob 



retirement. 3. Privity ; [obs.] 4. Taciturnity 
■x Secrecy ; concealment of what is said or done. 



t PR1-VXT>0, to. "Sp.] A secret friend.— Bacon. 

PRl'VATE, a. [L. privatus.] 1. Properly, separate ; uncon- 
nected with others ; hence, peculiar to one's self; belong- 
ing to or concerning an individual only. 2. Peculiar to a 
number in a joint concern, to a company or body politic. 
3. Sequestered from company or observation ; secret ; se- 
cluded ; retired. 4. Not publicly known ; not open. 5. 
Not invested with public office or employment. 6. Indi- 
vidual; personal; in contradistinction from public. — In 
private, secretly ; not openly or publicly. — Scripture. 

PRl'VATE, to. 1. A secret message ; particular business 
—Shak. ; [unusual] 2. A common soldier. 

PRl-VA-TEER', n. A ship or vessel of war owned and 
equipped by a private man or by individuals, at their own 
expense, and having a commission from government to 
seize or plunder the ships of an enemy in war. 

PRl-VA-TEER', v. i. To cruise in a commissioned private 
ship against an enemy, for seizing their ships or annoying 
their commerce. 

PRt-VA-TEER'ING, to. The act of plundering the ships of 
an enemy by means of privateers. 

PRT-VA-TEERS'MAN, n. An officer or seaman of a privateer. 

PRl'VATE-LY, adv. 1. In a secret manner ; not publicly. 
2. In a manner affecting an individual or company. 

PRl'VATE-NESS, n. 1. Secrecy ; privacy. 2. Retirement ; 
seclusion from company or society. 3. The state of an 
individual not invested with office. 

PRI-VI'TION, to. [Fr. ; L. privatio.] 1. The state of being 
deprived ; particularly, deprivation or absence of what is 
necessary for comfort ; hardship. 2. The act of removing 
something possessed ; the removal or destruction of any 
thing or quality. 3. Absence, in general. 4. The act of 
the mind in separating a thing from something appendant. 
5. The act of degrading from rank or office ; deprivation ; 
[obs.] 

* PRIV'A-TIVE, a. 1. Causing privation. 2. Consisting in 
the absence of something ; not positive. 

* PRIV'A-TIVE, to. 1. That of which the essence is the ab- 

sence of something. — 2. In grammar, a prefix to a word 
which changes its signification, and gives it a contrary 
sense, as a in Greek, and un and in in English. 

* PRIV'A-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. By the absence of something. 
2. Negatively ; [unusual.] 

* PRIV'A-Ti VE-NESS, to. Notation of the absence of some- 

thing. [Little used.] 

PRIVET, to. A European shrub of the genus ligustrum, 
having long pliable branches. It is used for making hedges 
in gardens. 

PRIVILEGE, to. [Fr. ; L. privilegium.] 1. A particular and 
peculiar benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person, com- 
pany, or society, beyond the common advantages of other 
citizens. 2. Any peculiar benefit or advantage, not com- 
mon to others of the human race. 3. Advantage ; favor ; 
benefit. Hamilton. — Writ of privilege is a writ to deliver 
a privileged person from custody when arrested in a civil 
suit. — Water privilege, the advantage of a waterfall in 
streams sufficient to raise water for driving water-wheels, 
or a place affording such advantage ; [Am,.] [Privilege 
ought not to be thus used in a physical sense.] — Syn. Pre- 
rogative; immunity; franchise; right; claim; liberty. 

PRIV'I-LegE, v. t. 1. To grant some particular right or ex- 
emption to ; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity, 
2. To exempt from censure or danger. 

PRIV'1-Leg.ED, pp. or a. Invested with a privilege ; enjoy- 
ing a peculiar right or immunity. 

PRIV'I-LEG-ING, ppr. Investing with a peculiar right or im- 
munity. 

PRIV'I-LY, adv. [from privy.] Privately ; secretly. 

PRIV'I-TY, to. [Fr. privaute.] 1. Privacy; secrecy; confi- 
dence; [little used.] 2. Private knowledge ; joint knowl- 
edge with another of a private concern, which is often 
supposed to imply consent or concurrence. — 3. Privities, 
in the plural, secret parts ; the parts which modesty re- 
quires to be concealed. 

PRIVY, a. [Fr. prive ; L. privus.] 1. Private ; pertaining 
to some person exclusively ; assigned to private uses ; not 
public. 2. Secret; clandestine; not open or public ; as, a 
privy attempt to kill one. 3. Private ; appropriated to re- 
tirement ; not shown ; not open for the admission of com- 
pany. 4. Privately knowing; admitted to the participa- 
tion of knowledge with another of a secret transaction. 5 
Admitted to secrets of state. 

PRIVY, to. 1. In law, a partaker ; a person having an inter- 
est in any action or thing. 2. A necessary house. 

PRIV'Y-CHaM'BER. to. In Great Britain, the private apart- 
ment in a royal residence or mansion.— Gentlemen oj tht 
privy-chamber, are officers of the king's household, who at 
tend him at his diversions, progresses, &c. 

PRIV'Y-COUN'CIL. See Council. 

PRIV'Y-€OUN'SEL-OR, n. A member of the pnvy-counciL 

PRIVY-SeAL \n. 1. In England, the seal which the 

PRIV'Y-SIG'NET, 5 king uses previously in grants, & c ., 
which are to pass the exeat seal, or w hich he use s in mat 



Sue Synopsis, a, E, I, .fee, long.— A , E, I, «fcc, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;-MARl'NE. BiRD ;-MO Vli BOOK, 



PRO 5 

ters of subordinate consequence, which do not require the 
great seal. — Privy-seal is used elliptic-ally for the principal 
secretary of state, or person intrusted with the privy-seal. 

PRIZE, n. [Fr. p}-ise; Sp., Port, presa; G. preis ; D. prys ; 
Dan. priis ; Sw. pris.] 1. That which is taken from an 
enemy in war ; a capture ; particularly, a vessel captured. 
2. That which is taken from another ; that which is deem- 
ed a valuable acquisition. 3. That which is obtained or 
offered as the reward of contest ; a premium. 4. The re- 
ward gained by any performance. — 5. In colloquial lan- 
guage, any valuable thing gained. 6. The money drawn 
by a lottery ticket ; opposed to blank. 7. A lever, and, 
also, the hold of a lever. 

PRlZE, v. t. To raise or force with a lever. See Pry. 

PRIZE, v. t. [Fr. priser.] 1. To set or estimate the value of ; 
to rate. 2. To value highly ; to estimate to be of great 
worth ; to esteem, 

PRlZE'-FIGHT-ER (-f it-er), n. One who fights publicly for 
a_reward ; applied, particularly, to a boxer. 

PRlZE'-FlGHT-ING, n. Fighting, especially boxing, in 
public for a reward. 

PRiZE'-M6N-EY (-mun-ne), n. A dividend of the proceeds 
from a captured vessel, &c, paid to the captors. 

PRIZ.ED, pp. or a. Rated ; valued ; esteemed. 

PRiZ'ER, n. One who estimates or sets the value of a thing. 

PRlZTNG, ppr. Rating ; valuing ; esteeming. 

PRIZING, n. In sea language, the application of a lever to 
move any weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, &c. 

PRO, a Latin and Greek preposition, signifying for, before, 
forth. — In composition, it denotes fore, forth, forward. 

PRO or SON. [L. pro and contra.] For or against. — Prior. 

PRo'A, n. Flying proa, a long, narrow sail-canoe, used in 
the South Seas. It has the head and stern exactly alike, 
but one side straight and the other curved. — Brande. 

PROB'A-BIL-ISM, n. The doctrine of the probabilists. 

PROBA-BIL-IST, n. 1. A term applied to those who main- 
tain that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone 
is to govern our faith and actions. — 2. Among the Jesuits, 
one who maintains that a man may do what is probably 
right, or is inculcated by teachers of authority, although it 
may not be the most probably right, or may not seem right 
to himself. — Brande. 

PROB-A-BILT-TY, n. [Fr. probability ; L. probabilitas.] 1. 
Appearance of truth ; that state of a case or question of 
fact which results from superior evidence or prepondera- 
tion of argument on one side, inclining the mind to receive 
it as the truth, but leaving some room for doubt. It there- 
fore falls short of moral certainty, but produces what is 
called opinion. 2. Any thing that has the appearance of 
reality or truth. In this sense, the word admits of the 
plural number. — Syn. Verisimilitude , likeliness ; credible- 
ness ; likelihood ; chance. 

PROB'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. probabilis.] 1. Likely ; credible ; 
having more evidence than the contrary. 2. That renders 
something probable. 3. That may be proved ; [obs.] 

PROB'A-BLY, adv. Likely ; in likelihood ; with the appear- 
ance of truth or reality. — L' Estrange. 
•Ro'BANG, n. In surgery, an instrument of whalebone 
and sponge, for removing obstructions in the throat or 
esophagus. 

PRo'BATE, n. [L. probatus.] 1. The probate of a will or 
testament is the proving of its genuineness and validity, 
and the registering of it. 2. The right or jurisdiction of 
proving wills. 3. Proof ; [obs.]— Probate court, or court of 
probate, a court for the probate of wills. 

PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. probatio.] 1. The act of proving ; 
proof. — Locke. 2. Trial ; examination ; any proceeding 
designed to ascertain truth. — 3. In a monastic sense, trial, 
or the year of novitiate, which a person must pass in a 
convent, to prove his virtue and his ability to bear the 
severities of the rule. 4. Moral trial ; the state of man in 
the present life, in which he has the opportunity of prov- 
ing his character and being qualified for a happier state. — 
5. In America, the trial of a licentiate's qualifications for the 
ministry of the Gospel, preparatory to his settlement. — 6. 
In general, trial for proof, or satisfactory evidence, or the 
time of trial. 

PRO-Bl'TION- AL, a. Serving for trial.— Bp. Richardson. 

PRO-Ba'TION-A-RY, a. Serving for trial.— Dwight. 

PRO-Ba'TION-ER, n. 1. One who is on trial, or in a state 
to give proof of certain qualifications for a place or state. 
2. A novice. — 3. In Scotlajid, a student in divinity, who is 
licensed to preach ; a licentiate. 

PRO-Ba'TION-ER-SHIP, n. The state of being a proba- 
tioner ; novitiate. — Locke. [Little used.] 

PRO-Ba'TION-SHIP, n. A state of probation ; noTitiate ; 
probation. [Little used.] 

PRo'BA-TiVE, a. Serving for trial or proof.— South. 

PRO-Ba'TOR, n. [L.] 1. An examiner ; an approver. 
Maydman. — 2. In law, an accuser. — Cowel. 

' PRo'BA-TO-RY, a. 1. Serving for trial.— Bramhall. 2. 

Serving for proof. — Bp. Taylor. 3. Relating to proof. 
PRG-BITUM EST. [L. ; it is proved.] An expression sub- 



'83 



PRO 



joined to a receipt for the cure of a disease, denoting that 
it has been tried or proved. 

PRoBE, n. [L. probo ; Fr. eprouvette.] A surgeon's instru- 
ment for examining a wound, ulcer, or cavity. 

PRoBE, v. t. 1. To examine a wound, ulcer, or some cavity 
of the body, by the use of an instrument thrust into the 
part. 2. To search to the bottom ; to scrutinize ; to ex- 
amine thoroughly into causes and circumstances. 

PRoBE'-SCIS'SORS (-siz'zorz), n. pi. Scissors used to open 
wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, 
has a button at the end. 

PRoB£D, pp. Searched by a probe, as a wound, &c. 

PRoB'ING, ppr. Examining a wound, ulcer, cavity in the 
body, &c, with a probe ; scrutinizing. 

PROB'I-TY, n. [L. probitas ; It. probitd ; Fr. probite.] Pri 
marily, tried virtue or integrity, or approved actions ; but 
in general, integrity in principle, or strict conformity of 
actions to the laws of justice. — Syn. Rectitude ; upright 
ness ; honesty ; sincerity ; veracity. 

PROB'LEM, n, [Fr. probleme ; L., It., Sp. problcma.] 1. A 
question proposed.— 2. In logic, a proposition that appears 
neither absolutely true nor false, and, consequently, may 
be asserted either in the affirmative or negative. — 3. In 
geometry, a proposition in which some operation or con- 
struction is required ; something to be done. — 4. In gen- 
eral, any question involving doubt or uncertainty, and de- 
manding something more for its solution. 

PROB-LEM-AT'I€-AL, a. Characterized by doubt or un- 
certainty.— Syn. Questionable ; disputable ; debatable ; 
doubtful ; dubious ; uncertain ; unsettled ; undetermined ; 
undecided. 

PROB-LEM-AT'I€-AL-LY, adv. Doubtfully; dubiously, 
uncertainly. 

t PROB'LEM- A-TIST, n. One who proposes problems 

t PROB'LEM-A-TlZE, v. t. To propose problems. 

PRO Bo'NO PUB'LI-60. [L.] For the public good. 

PRO-BOS'CI-DATE, a. Furnished with a proboscis. 

PRO-BOS'CIS, n. [L.] The snout or trunk of an elephant, 
and of other analogous animals, and particularly of insects. 

PRO-Ga'CIOUS (-shus), a. [L. procax.] Pert; petulant, 
saucy. — Barrow. [Little used.] 

PRO-€AC'I-TY (-kas'e-te), n. [L. procacitas.] Impudence 
petulance. — Burton. [Little used.] 

PRO-CAT-XRC'TIC, a. [Gr. -npoKarapK-iKuS.] In medicine, 
a term denoting that cause which immediately kindles a 
disease into action when there existed a predisposition to 
it ; often called the exciting cause. 

PRO-CAT-IRX'IS, n. [Gr.] The kindling of a disease into 
action by a procatarctic cause ; the procatarctic cause it 
self of a disease. — Quincy. 

PRO-CeD'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of proceeding or mov 
ing forward ; [commonly applied to persons ;] a series of ac 
tions. 2. Manner of proceeding. 3. That which proceeds 
from something ; produce ; [obs.] — Syn. Process ; opera 
tion ; transaction ; course ; conduct ; management. 

PRO-CEED', v. i. [Fr., Sp., Port, proceder ; It. proccdere ; L. 
procedo.] 1. To move or pass forward from one place to 
another. 2. To pass from one point, stage, or topic to an 
other. 3. To come, as from a source or fountain. 4. To 
come from a person or place. 5. To prosecute any de- 
sign. 6. To be transacted or carried on ; ■ [obs.] 7. To 
make progress. 8. To begin and carry on a series of ac 
tions or measures. 9. To conduct ; to act methodically. 
10. To have a course. 11. To be produced or propagated. 
12. To be produced by an effectual cause. — Syn. To ad- 
vance ; progress ; go on ; issue ; arise ; emanate ; flow. 

PRO-CEED'ER, n. One who goes forward, or who makes 
a progress. — Bacon. 

PRO-CEED'ING, ppr. Moving forward ; passing on ; issu 
ing ; transacting ; carrying on. 

PRO-CEED'ING, n. 1. Process or movement from one 
thing to another ; a measure or step taken in business ; 
transaction ; in the plural, a course of measures or con- 
duct ; course of dealing with others. — 2. In law, the course 
of steps or measures in the prosecution of an action is do. 
nominated proceedings. See Process. 

* PRO-CEEDS' or PRo'CEEDS, n. pi. 1. Issue ; rent ; 
produce. — 2. In commerce, the sum, amount, or value of 
goods sold or converted into money. 

PROC-E-LEuS-MATI€, a. [Gr. xpoKeXcvauariKOs.] Inciting; 
animating; encouraging. — In prosody, denoting a foot of 
four short syllables.— Johnson. 

t PRO-CEL'LOUS, a. [L. proccllosus.] Stormy.— Diet. 

t PRO-CEP'TION, n. Preoccupation.— K. Charles. 

PRO-CER'I-TY. n. [L. proceritas.] Tallness ; height of stat- 
ure. — Addison. 

PRo'CES VERBAL (pro'sa var'bal). [Fr.] In French law, 
an authentic minute of an official act, or statement of 
facts. — Buchanan. 

PROCESS (pros'ess), n. [Fr. proces ; L. processus.] 1. A 
proceeding or moving forward ; progressive course ; ten- 
dency. 2. Proceedings ; gradual progress ; course. 3. 
Operations ; experiment ; series of actions or experiments. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. * Obsolete 



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782 



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4. Series of motions or changes in growth, decay, &c, in 
physical bodies. 5. Course ; continual flux or passage, as 
of time. 6. Methodical arrangement ; series of measures 
or proceedings. — 7. In law, the whole course of proceed- 
ings, in a cause, real or personal, civil or criminal, from 
the original writ to the end of the suit. Also, the means 
by which the defendant in an action is compelled to ap- 
pear in court. — 8. In anatomy, any protuberance, eminence, 
or projecting part of a bone. 

PRO-CES'SION (pro-sesh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. processio.] 1. 
The act of proceeding or issuing. — Pearson. 2. A train of 
persons walking, or riding on horseback, or in vehicles, in 
a formal march, or moving with ceremonious solemnity. 

PRO-CES'SION-AL (-sesh'un-), a. Pertaining to a proces- 
sion ; consisting in a procession. — Saarin, Trans. 

PRO-CES'SION-AL, n. A book relating to processions of 
the Roman Catholic Church.— Gregory. 

PRO-CES'SION-A-RY, a. Consisting in procession. 

PRO-CES'SION-ING, n. In Tennessee, the manner of ascer- 
taining the boundaries of land, as prescribed by law. — 
Bouvier. 

PRo'CHeIN (pro'shen), a. [Fr. prockain ; L. proximus.] 
Next; nearest; used in the law phrase procheiti amy, the 
next friend, any person who undertakes to assist an infant 
or minor in prosecuting his rights. 

PRo'GHRO-NISM, n. [Gr. irOoxpovcu).] An antedating; the 
dating of an event before the time it happened ; a species 
of anachronism. 

PRo'CI-DENCE, n. [L. procidentia.] A falling down ; a pro- 
lapsus, as of the intestinum rectum. — Coze. 

PRO-CID'U-OUS, a. That falls from its place.— Jones. 

PRO-CINCT, n. [L. procinctus.] Complete preparation for 
action.— Milton. [Little used.] 

PRO-€LaIM', v. t. [L. proclamo.] 1. To promulgate ; to an- 
nounce; to publish. 2. To give official notice of; to de- 
nounce. 3. To declare with honor. 4. To utter openly ; 
to make public. 5. To outlaw by public denunciation. — 
Shak. 

PRO-CLAIMED' (pro-klamd'), pp. Published officially ; pro- 
mulgated ; made publicly known. 

PRO-CLaIM'ER, n. One who publishes by authority ; one 
who announces or makes publicly known. — Milton. 

PRO-CL AIMING, ppr. Publishing officially; denouncing; 
promulgating ; making publicly known. 

PROG-LA-MITION, n. [Fr. ; L. proclamatio.) 1. Publica- 
tion by authority ; official notice given to the public. — 2. 
In England, a declaration of the king's will, openly pub- 
lished ; edict ; decree. 3. The declaration of any supreme 
magistrate publicly made known. 4. The paper contain- 
ing an official notice to a people. 
PRO-GLlVE', a. Proclivous. 

PRO-CLIV'I-TY, n. [L. proclivitas.] 1. Inclination ; pro- 
pensity ; proneness; tendency. 2. Readiness; facility of 
learning. ■ J^V,, 

PRO-€Ll'VOUS/^[L. proclivus, proclivis.] Inclined; tend- 
ing by nature. — Diet. 

PRO-CON'SUL, n. [L. pro and consul] 1. A Roman officer 
who discharged the duties of a consul without being him- 
self consul. — 2. Under the emperors, the governor of a prov- 
ince. — Brande. 

PRO-GON'SU-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a proconsul. 2. 
Under the government of a proconsul. 

PRO-CON'SUL-ATE, ) n. The office of a proconsul, or the 

PRO-C ON'SUL-SHIP, j term of his office. 

PRO-CRASTI-NaTE, v. t. [L. procrastinor.] To put off 
from day to day or to a future time. — Syn. To postpone ; 
adjourn ; defer ; delay ; retard ; protract ; prolong. 

PRO-GRAS'TI-NITE, v. i. To delay ; to be dilatory. 

PRO-€RAS'TI-NA-TED,#p. Delayed; deferred. 

PRO-GRAS'TI-NX-TING, ppr. or a. Delaying : putting off 
to a future time. 

PRO-GRAS-TI-NI'TION, n. [L. procrastinatio.] A putting 
off or deferring to a future time ; delay ; dilatoriness. 

PRO-GRAS'TI-Na-TOR, n. One who defers the perform- 
ance of any thing to a future time. 

PRo'GRE-ANT, a. [L. procreans.] Generating; producing; 
productive ; fruitful. — Shak. 

t PRo'GRE-ANT, n. He or that which generates.— Milton. 

PRo'GRE-aTE, v. t. [L. procreo.] 1. To beget ; to generate 
and produce ; to engender ; to propagate ; [applied to ani- 
mals.] 2. To produce. — Blackmore. 

PRo'GRE-a-TED, pp. Begotten; generated. 

PRo'GRE-a-TING, ppr. Begetting ; generating, as young. 

PRO-CRE-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. procreatio.] The act of be- 
getting ; generation and production of young. 

PRo'GRE-a-TiVE, a. Having the power to beget.— Hale. 

PRo'GRE-a-TiVE-NESS, n. "The power of generating. 

PRo'GRE-a-TOR, n. One who begets ; a generator ; a fa- 
ther or sire. 

PRO-GRUS'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling Pro- 
crustes, or his mode of torture. 

PRO-GRUS'TeS, n. In mythology, a famous robber of an- 
cient Greece, who placed his victims on an iron bed, 



which their stature was made to fit by sfcretchiag or mutt 
lating them so as to suit its dimensions ; whence the met 
aphorical expression, the bed of Procrustes. — Brande. 

PROG'TOR, n. [contracted from L. procurator.] 1. One 
who is employed to manage the affairs of another. 2. A 
person authorized to manage another's cause in certain 
courts in England, especially the ecclesiastical. — 3. In the 
English universities, an officer who attends to the morala 
of the students, and enforces obedience to the college reg- 
ulations. — Cambridge Calendar. 

PROG'TOR, v. i. To manage.— Shak. [A cant word.] 

PROG'TOR- AGE, n. Management.— Milton. [In contanpt.\ 

PROG-TOR'IG-AL, a. Belonging to the academical proc 
tor ; magisterial. — Prideaux. 

PROG'TOR-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of the proctor 
of a university. — Clarendon. 

PRO-GUM'BENT, a. [L. procumbens.] 1. Lying down or 
on the face; prone. — 2. In botany, trailing; prostrate, 
spread over the surface of the ground. 

PRO-GuR'A-BLE, a. That may be procured ; obtainable. 

t PROG'U-RA-CY, n. The management of any thing. 

PROG-U-Ra'TION, n. [L. procuratio.] 1. The act of pro 
curing ; procurement ; [little used.] 2. The managemen< 
of another's affairs. 3. The instrument by which a per 
son is empowered to transact the affairs of another. 4. A 
sum of money paid to the bishop or archdeacon by incum 
bents, on account of visitations. — Todd. 

PROG^J-Ra-TOR, n. 1. The manager of another's affairs , 
a proctor. Shak. — 2. Under the Roman emperors, a title 
given to certain governors of provinces ; as, the procura- 
tor of Judea. Also, a title of certain officers who had the 
management of the revenues. — P. Cyc. 

PROG-U-RA-To'RI-AL, <*. Pertaining to a procurator or 
proctor ; made by a proctor. — Ayliffe. 

PROG-¥-Ra'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a procurator. 

PRO-Gu'RA-TO-RY, a. Tending to procuration. 

PRO-GuRE', v.t. [Fr. procurer ; It. procurare ; L. procuro.\ 
1. To get ; to gain ; to acquire ; to obtain ; as by request, 
loan, effort, labor, or purchase. 2. To persuade ; to pre- 
vail on ; [unusual.] 3. To cause ; to bring about ; to ef- 
fect ; to contrive and effect. 4. To cause to come on ; to 
bring on. 5. To draw to ; to attract ; to gain. 

PRO-GuRE', v. i. To pimp.— Dryden. 

PROCURED' (pro-kurd 7 ), pp. Obtained ; caused to be done , 
effected ; brought on. 

PRO-GuRE'MENT, n. 1. The act of procuring or obtain- 
ing ; obtainment. 2. A causing to be effected. — Dryden. 

PRO-GuR'ER, n. 1. One who procures or obtains ; that 
which brings on or causes to be done. 2. A pimp ; a pan- 
der.— -South. 

PRO-GuR'ESP, n. A bawd.— Spectator. 

PRO-GuR'ING, ppr. 1. Getting ; gaining ; obtaining. 2. 
Causing to come or to be done. 3. a. That causes to 
come ; bringing on. 

PRo'CY-ON, n. [Gr. npoKvwv.] A star of the first magnitudt 
in the constellation Cants Minor, the Little Dog. — P. Cyc. 

PROD, n. A goad ; a prick ; an awL or a pin in pattens 
[Local.] 

PROD'I-GAL, a. [Fr. prodigue; Sp., It. prodigo; L. prodi 
gus.] 1. Given to extravagant expenditures ; expending 
money or other things without necessity ; profuse ; lavish 
wasteful ; not frugal or economical. 2. Profuse ; lavish , 
expended to excess or without necessity. 3. Very liberal , 
profuse. 

PROD'I-GAL, n. One who expends money extravagantly 
or without necessity ; one who is profuse or lavish ; ? 
wa6ter ; a spendthrift. — Dryden. 

PROD-I-GAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. prodigality ; It. prodigalita.] 1. 
Extravagance in the expenditure of what one possesses, 
particularly of money ; profusion ; waste ; excessive lib- 
erality. 2. Profuse liberality. 

t PROD'I-GAL-lZE, v. i. To be extravagant in expendi 
tures. — Sherwood. 

PROD'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. With profusion of expenses ; ex 
travagantly; lavishly ; wastefully. 2. With liberal abund 
ance ; profusely. 

t PROD'I-gENCE, n. Waste ; profusion ; prodigality. 

PRO-DlG'IOUS (pro-did'jus), a. [Sp., It. prodigioso ; Fr. pro 
digieux ; L. prodigiosus.] 1. Very great in size, quantity 
extent, &c. 2. Such as may seem a prodigy ; adapted to 
excite wonder. — Syn. Huge; enormous; monstrous; 
portentous ; marvelous ; amazing ; astonishing ; wonder- 
ful ; extraordinary. 

PRO-DIG'IOUS-LY, adv. 1. Enormously ; wonderfully ; as- 
tonishingly.— Ray. 2. Very much ; extremely ; [colloq.] 

PRO-DlG'IOUS-NESS, n. Enormousness of size ; the state 
of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment. 

PROD'I-GY, n, (L. prodigium.] 1. Any thing out of the or 
dinary course of nature, and so extraordinary as to ex 
cite wonder or astonishment 2. Something extraordina. 
ry, from which omens are drawn. 3. An animal or othe! 
production out of the ordinary course of nature.— Syn 
Wonder; miracle; portent; marvel; monster. 



See Synopsis. A E, I, &c, long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



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783 



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*>H.ODl"TION (-dish'un), n. [L. proditio.] Treachery , 
treason. 

t PROD I-TOR, n. [L.] A traitor.— Shak. 

t PROD.I-To'RI-OUS, a, 1. Treacherous ; perfidious ; trait- 
orous. 2. Apt to make discoveries or disclosures. — 
Wotton, 

PROD'I-TO-RY, a. Treacherous ; perfidious.— Milton. 

f PRo'DROME, n. [Gr. TTpoSpo/ioS.] A forerunner. 

^RO-DuCE', v. t. [L. produco.] 1. To bring forward ; to 
bring or offer to view or notice. 2. To exhibit to the pub- 
lic. — Swift. 3. To bring forth ; [applied to plants or the 
soil.] 4. To generate and bring forth, as young. 5. To 
bring into existence, as an effect. 6. To raise ; to bring 
into being, as corn. 7. To bring into being or form, as 
goods or commodities. 8. To furnish, as an income or 
revenue. — 9. In general, to bring into existence or into 
view. — 10. In geometry, to extend ; [applied to a line, sur- 
face, or solid.)— Syn. To bear; breed; yield; afford; im- 
part ; give ; occasion ; cause ; make ; effect. 

PROD'UCE (prod'duse), n. That which is produced, brought 
forth,_or yielded ; product. 

PRO-DuCED' (pro-dust'), pp. Brought into life, being, or 
view ; _yielded ; extended. 

t PRO-DuCE'MENT, n. Production.— Milton. 

PRO-DuC'ENT, n. One who exhibits or offers to view or 
notice.— Ayliffe. [Little used.] 

PRO-DuC'ER, n. One who generates ; one who produces. 

\ PRO-DU-CI-BIL1-TY, n. The power of producing. 

PRO-Du'CI-BLE, a. [It. producibile, p-roduttibile.} 1. That 
may be brought into being ; that may be generated or 
made. 2. That may be brought into view or notice ; that 
may be exhibited. 

PRO-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
prodiicible. — Boyle. 

PRO-DuCTNG, ppr. or a. Generating ; bringing into exist- 
ence or notice ; yielding ; extending. 

PROD'U€T, n. [L. productus ; Fr. produit.] 1. That which 
is produced by nature, as fruits, grain, metals. 2. That 
which is made, formed, or produced by labor or by men- 
tal application. 3. Effect ; result ; something consequen- 
tial.— 4. In arithmetic, the number resulting from the mul- 
tiplication of two or more numbers. — Syn. Produce ; 
production ; fruit ; work ; performance. 

PRO-DU-G'TiLE, a. That may be extended in length. 

PRO-DU€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. production 1. The act or pro- 
cess of producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to view. 
2. That which is produced or made.— Syn. Product ; prod- 
uce ; fruit ; work ; performance ; composition. 

PRO-DU€'TiVE, a. [It. produttivo ; Sp. productivo.] 1. Hav- 
ing the quality or power of producing. 2. Fertile ; fruit- 
ful ; producing good crops. 3. Producing ; bringing into 
being ; causing to exist ; efficient ; as, an age productive 
of great men ; a spirit productive of heroic achieve- 



PRO-DU€'TlVE-LY, adv. By production ; with abundant 
produce. 

PRO-DU€'TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being productive. 

PRO-E-Gu'MIN-AL, a. [Gr. irpovyeonat, to go before.] Pre- 
disposing; a term denoting that cause without which a 
disease can not exist. 

PRo'EM, n. [Fr. proeme ; It., Sp. proemio.] Preface ; intro- 
duction ; preliminary observations to a book or writing. 

t PR5T:M, v. t. To preface.— South. 

PRO-E'MI-AL, a. Introductory ; prefatory ; preliminary. 

PRO-EMP-To'SIS, n. [Gr.] In chronology, the lunar equa- 
tion or addition of a day, necessary to prevent the new 
moon from happening a day too soon. — Brande. 

PRo'FACE, n. An old exclamation of welcome. 

PROF-A-Ni'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. profanazione ; Sp. profana- 
cion.] 1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating 
them with contempt or irreverence ; desecration. 2. The 
act of treating with abuse or disrespect. 

PRO-FaNE', a. [L. prof anus ; It.. Sp. profano ; Fr. profane.] 
1. Manifesting irreverence to any thing sacred ; [applied 
to persons.] 2. Proceeding from a contempt of sacred 
things, or implying it. 3. Not sacred ; relating to secular 
things ; as, profane history. 4. Polluted ; not pure. 5. 
Not purified or holy ; allowed for common use. 6. Ob- 
scene ; heathenish : tending to bring reproach on religion. 
— Profane is used chiefly in Scripture in opposition to holy, 
or qualified ceremonially for sacred services. — Syn. Impi- 
ous ; godless ; ungodly ; wicked ; irreverent ; irreligious ; 
unholy ; unhallowed ; unsanctified ; secular ; temporal ; 
worldly. 
PRO-FaNE', v. t. 1. To violate any thing sacred, or treat it 
with abuse, irreverence, obloquy, or contempt ; to dese- 
crate. 2. To pollute ; to defile ; to apply to temporal uses ; 
to use as base or common. — Ezek., xxiv. 3. To violate. — 
Mai, ii. 4. To pollute ; to debase. — Lev., xxi. 5. To put 
to a wrong use. — Shak. 
PRO.FaN.EI)' (pro-fand'), pp. Violated ; treated with irrev- 
erence or abuse ; applied to common uses ; polluted. 
PRO-FaNE'LY, adv. 1. With irreverence to sacred things 



or names. 2. With abuse or contempt for any thing ven 
erable. 

PRO-FaNE'NESS, 7i. Irreverence of sacred things ; partic- 
ularly, the use of language which implies irr» Terence to- 
ward God ; the taking of God's name in vain. -Drydcn. 

PRO-FaN'ER, n. 1. One who, by words or actions, treats 
sacred things with irreverence ; one Who uses profana 
language. 2. A polluter ; a deliler. 

PRO-FaN'ING, ppr. Violating ; treating with irreverence : 
polluting. 

PRO-FAN'I-TY, n. Profaneness, which see. — Buckminster. 

t PRO-FEG'TION, n. [Fr. profectio.) A going forward ; ad- 
vance ; progression. — Brown. 

PR&FERT, n. [L., 3d person oiprofero.] In law, the exhi 
bition of a record or paper in open court. 

PRO-FESS', v. t. [It. professare ; Sp. profesar ; Fr. professer , 
L. professus.] 1. To make open declaration of ; to avow 
or acknowledge. 2. To declare in strong terms. 3. To 
make a show of any sentiments by loud declaration. 4. 
To declare publicly one's skill in any art or science, for 
inviting employment. 

t PRO-FESS', v. i. To declare friendship.— Shak. 

PRO-FESS ED' I (-fesf), pp. or a. Openly declared, avowed, 

PRO-FEST, 5 or acknowledged. 

PRO-FESS'ED-LY, adv. By profession ; by open declara- 
tion or avowal. — K. Charles. 

PRO-FESSTNG, £pr. or a. Openly declaring ; avowing; ac- 
knowledging; making a profession. 

PRO-FES'SION (pro-fesh'un), n. [Fr.; L.professio.] 1. Open 
declaration of one's sentiments or belief. 2. The business 
which one professes to understand and to follow for sub- 
sistence ; as, the profession of law ; [not used of a merely 
mechanical business.] 3. The collective body of persons 
engaged in a calling. — 4. Among the Roman Catholics, the 
entering into a religious order. — Syn. Acknowledgment, 
avowal ; calling ; vocation ; employment ; avocation ; oc- 
cupation ; office. 

PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a profession or to a 
calling. 

PRO-FES'SION-AL-LY, adv. 1. By profession or avowaL 
2. By calling or vocation. 

PRO-FESS'OR, n. [L.] 1. One who makes open declara- 
tion of his sentiments or opinions ; particularly, one who 
has professed religion by joining himself to a church of 
Christ. 2. One who publicly teaches any science or 
branch of learning ; particularly, an officer in a university, 
college, or other seminary, whose business is to read lee 
tures or instruct students in a particular branch of learn- 
ing. 

PRO-FES-So'RI-AL, a. [L. professorius.] Pertaining to a 
professor. — Enfield. 

PRO-FESS'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a professor or public- 
teacher of the sciences. — Walton. 

PRO-FES'SO-RY, a. Pertaining to a professor. 

PROF'FER, v. t. [L. profero ; Fr. proferer.] 1. To offer for 
acceptance ; to tender. 2. To essay or attempt of one's 
own accord. 

PROF'FER, n. 1. An offer made ; something proposed for 
acceptance by another. 2. Essay ; attempt. — Bacon. 

PROF'FEPv-ED, pp. or a. Offered for acceptance. 

PROF'FER-ER, n. One who offers any thing for accept- 
ance. 

PROF'FER-ING, ppr. Offering for acceptance. 

PRO-FI"CIENCE (-fish'ense), \n. HrovaL. proficicns.] Ad- 
PRO-Fl"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-se), J vance in the acquisition 
of any art, science, or knowledge ; improvement ; pro- 
gression in knowledge. 
PRO-Fl"CIENT (-fish'ent), n. One who has made consider- 
able advances in any business, art, science, or branch of 
learning. 
PRO-FFCIENT-LY, adv. By proficiency. 
PRO-FIGTJ-OUS, a. [L. proficuus.] Profitable ; advanta- 
geous ; useful. — Harvey. [Little used.] 

* PRo'FILE (pro'fil or pro'feel), n. [Fr. profil ; It. profilo ; 

Sp., Port, perfil.] 1. Primarily, an outline or contour ; 
hence, in sculpture and painting, a head or portrait repre- 
sented sidewise or in a side view ; the side fate or half 
face. — 2. In architecture, the contour or outline of a figure 
building, or member ; also, the draught of an object, rep- 
resenting it as if cut down perpendicularly from the top 
to the bottom.— Gwilt. 
*PR5'FlLE, v.t. [Fr. profiler ; It. profilare.] To draw the 
outline of a head sidewise ; to draw in profile. 

* PRo'FlLED, pp. Drawn so as to present a side view. 

* PRo'FlL-ING, ppr. Drawing a portrait so as to represent 

a side view ; drawing an outline of. — Gwilt. 

PRo'FIL-IST, n. One who takes profiles. 

PROFIT, n. [Fr. profit; It. projiuo.] 1. In commerce, the 
vance in the price of goods sold beyond the cost of pur 
chase. 2. Any pecuniary advantage. 3. Any advantage 
any accession of good from labor or exertion. — Syn. Ben 
efit ; avail ; service ; improvement ; advancement ; gain 
emolument. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a* in this, t Obsolete 



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PROFIT, v. t. [It. profittarc ; Fr. profiter.] 1. To benefit; to j 
advantage. 2. To improve ; to advance. 

PROFIT, a. i. 1. To gain advantage in pecuniary interest. 
2. To make improvement ; to improve ; to grow wiser or 
better ; to advance in any thing useful. 3. To be of use 
or advantage ; to bring good to. 

PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Yielding or bringing profit or 
gain. 2. Yielding benefit or advantage. — Syn. Gainful ; 
lucrative ; productive ; advantageous ; useful ; beneficial ; 
serviceable ; improving. 

PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Gainfulness. 2. Usefulness ; 
advantageousness. — More. 

PROF'IT-A-BLY, adv. 1. With gain ; gainfully. 2. Useful- 
ly ; advantageously ; with improvement. 

PROF'IT-ED, pp. Benefited ; advanced in interest or happi- 
ness ; improved. 

PROF'IT-ING, ppr. Gaming interest or advantage ; im- 
proving. 

PROF'IT-ING, n. Gain ; advantage ; improvement. 

PROF'IT-LESS, a. Void of profit, gain, or advantage. 

PROF'LI-GA-CY, n. A profiigate course of life ; a state of 
being abandoned in moral principle and in vice. 

PROF'LI-GATE, a. [L. profligatus.) Lost to principle, vir- 
tue, or decency ; shameless in wickedness or vice. — Syn. 
Abandoned ; corrupt ; dissolute ; vitiated ; depraved ; vi- 
cious ; wicked. 

PROF'LI-GATE, n. An abandoned man ; a wretch who 
has lost all regard to good principles, virtue, or decency. 

f PROF'LI-GaTE, v. t. 1. To drive away. 2. To overcome. 

PROF'LI-GATE-LY, adv. 1. Without principle or shame. 

2. In a course of extreme viciousness. 
PROF'LI-GATE-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being 

lost to virtue and decency. 2. An abandoned course of 
life ; extreme viciousness ; profligacy. 

f PROF-LI-Gi'TION, n. Defeat ; rout.— Bacon. 

\ PROF'LU-ENCE, n. [L. profluens.] A progress or course. 

PROF'LU-ENT, a. Flowing forward.— Milton. 

PRO FOR'MA. [L.] For the sake of form. 

PRO-FOUND', a. [Fr. profond ; It. profondo ; Sp. profundo ; 
L. profundus.] 1. Deep ; descending or being far below 
the surface, or far below the adjacent places. 2. Intellect- 
ually deep ; that enters deeply into subjects ; not superfi- 
cial or obvious to the mind. 3. Humble ; very lowly ; 
submissive, as veneration. 4. Penetrating deeply into 
science or any branch of learning. 5. Deep in skill or 
contrivance. 6. Having hidden qualities. — Shak. 

PRO-FOUND', n. 1. The deep ; the sea ; the ocean.— Dry- 
den. 2. The abyss. — Milton. 

t PRO-FOUND', v. i. To dive ; to penetrate.— Glanville.. 

PRO-FOUND'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; with deep concern. 2. 
With deep penetration into science or learning ; with 
deep knowledge or insight. 

PRO-FOUND'NESS, n. 1. Depth of place. 2. Depth of 
knowledge or of science. 

PRO-FUND'I-TY, n. [It. profonditd.] Depth of place, of 
knowledge, or of science ; profoundness. — Milton. 

PRO-FuSE', a. [L. profusus.] 1. Lavish ; liberal to excess ; 
prodigal ; as, a profuse government. 2. Extravagant ; lav- 
ish. 3. Overabounding ; exuberant. 

PRO-FuSE', v. t. 1. To pour out ; [little used.} 2. To squan- 
der ; [little used.] 

PRO-FuSE'LY, adv. 1. Lavishly ; prodigally. 2. With ex- 
uberance ; with great abundance. 

PRO-FOSE'NESS. n. 1. Lavishness ; prodigality; extrava- 
gant expenditures. 2. Great abundance ; "profusion. 

PRO-FU'SION (-zhun), n. [L.profusio.] 1. Lavishness ; prod- 
igality; extravagance of expendit; res. 2. Lavish effusion. 

3. Rich abundance ; exuberant plenty. 
PROG, v. i. [D. prachgen ; Sw. pracka.] To shift meanly 

for provisions ; to wander about and seek provisions 
where they are to be found ; to live by beggarly "ricks. — 
Burke. [A low word.] 

PROG, n. 1. Victuals or provisions sought by begging, or 
found by wandering about. 2. Victuals of any kind. — 
Swift. [A low word.] 

PROG, n. One who seeks his victuals by wandering and 
begging. 

t PRO-GEN'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. progenero.] To beset. 

t PRO-GEN-ER-I'TION, n. The act of begetting; propa- 
gation. 

PRO-gEN'I-TOR, n. [L., from progigno.} An ancestor in 
the direct line ; a forefather. 

PRO-GEN'I-TURE, n. A begetting or birth. [Little used.] 

PROG'E-NY, n. [It.progenie; L. progenies.] Offspring; race; 
children ; descendants of the human kind, or offspring of 
other animals. 

PROG-No'SIS, n. [Gr. Trpoyvuoais.] In medicine, the act or 
art of foretelling the course and event of a disease. — Coze. 

PROG-NOS'TIC, a. Foreshowing ; indicating something fu- 
ture by signs or symptoms. 

PROG-NOSTIC, n. 1. In medicine, the judgment formed 
concerning the course and event of a disease, by means 
of the symptoms. 2. Something which foreshows ; some- | 



thing by which a future event may be known or foretold 
— In medicine, a symptom indicating the course and event 
of a disease. 3. A foretelling ; prediction. Swift. — Syn. 
Sign ; omen ; presage ; token ; indication. 

t PROG-NOS'TIC, v. t. To foretell.— Hackett. 
PROG-NOSTIC-A-BLE, a. That may be foreknown or 
foretold. — Brown. 

PROG-NOSTI€-aTE, v. t. [It. prognosticare.] 1. To indi 
cate a future course or event by present signs. 2. To tell 
beforehand, by means of present signs. — Syn. To fore- 
show ; foretoken ; betoken ; forebode ; presage ; predict ; 
prophesy. 

PROG-NQSTIC-I-TED, pp. Foreshown ; foretold. 

PROG-NOS'TI€-I-TING, ppr. Foreshowing ; foretelling. 

PROG-NOS-TI€-A'TION, n. 1. The act of foreshowing » 
future course or event by present signs. 2. The act of 
foretelling a course or event by present signs. 3. A fore 
token ; previous sign. 

PROG-NOS'TI€-I-TOR, n. A foreknower or foreteller of 
a future course or event by present signs. 

PRO-GRAM'MA, n. [Gr.] 1. Anciently, a letter sealed with 
the king's seal. — 2. In a university, a billet or advertise- 
ment to invite persons to an oration. 3. A proclamation 
or edict posted in a public place. 4. That which is writ- 
ten before something else ; a preface. 

PRo'GRAMME (pro'gram), n. [Fr. ; Gr. 7?poypuf.(im.'\ A 
brief outline or explanation of the order to be pursued, or 
the subjects embraced, in any public exercise, perform- 
ance, entertainment, or series of exercises. 

PROG'RESS, n. [Fr. progres ; Sp. progreso ; L. progres- 
sus.] 1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding on- 
ward ; advancement. 2. A moving forward in growth : 
increase. 3. Advance in business of any kind. 4. Ad- 
vance in knowledge ; intellectual or moral improvement ; 
proficiency. 5. Removal ; passage from place to place. 
6. A journey of state ; a circuit.— Addison. 

PRO-GRESS', v. i. 1. To move forward in space ; to pass ; 
to proceed ; as; " that silverly doth progress on thy 
cheeks." — Shak. — Ford. [These authors accent thefrst syl- 

x lable, but the accent is now on the second.] 2. To proceed ; 
to continue onward in course. — Knowles. — Smart. — Reid. 
3. To advance ; to make improvement. — Du Ponceau. 

PRO-GRESS.E D' (-grestf), pp. Moved forward ; proceeded. 

PRO-GRESS'ING, ppr. Moving forward ; advancing. — Mil- 
ton. — Reform of Eng. 

PRO-GRES'SION (pro-gresh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. progressio.] 
1. The act of moving forward ; a proceeding in a course , 
motion onward. 2. Intellectual advance. 3. Course ; 
passage. — 4. In mathematics, regular or proportional ad- 
vance in increase or decrease of numbers ; continued pro- 
portion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonica! — 5. In 
music, a regular succession of chords, or movement of the 
parts in harmony. 

PRO-GRES'SION-AL (-gresh'un-al), a. That advances ; that 
is in a state of advance. — Brown. 

PRO-GRESS'iVE, a. 1. Moving forward; proceeding on- 
ward; advancing. — Bacon. 2. Improving. 

PRO-GRESS'iVE-LY, adv. By motion onward ; by regular 
advances. — Hooker. 

PRO-GRESS'iVE-NESS, n. The state of moving forward ; 
an advancing ; state of improvement. 

PRO HA-G VI' CE. [L.] For this occasion. 

PRO-HIB'IT, v. t. [L. prohibeo ; Fr. prohiber.] 1. To forbid ; 
to interdict by authority ; to inhibit ; to disallow. 2. To 
hinder ; to debar ; to prevent ; to preclude. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ED, pp. or a. Forbid ; interdicted ; hindered. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ER, n. One who prohibits or forbids ; a for 
bidder ; an interdicter. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Forbidding;; interdicting ; debarring. 

PRO-HI-Bl"TION (-bish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. prohibitio.] 1. The 
act of foi-bidding or interdicting ; a declaration to hindei 
some action. — 2. In law, a writ of prohibition is a writ is- 
suing from a superior tribunal, directed to the judges of 
an Inferior court, commanding them to cease from the 
prosecutio" of a suit. Blackstone. — Syn. Interdict ; dis- 
allowance ; inhibition. 

PRO-HI-Bi"TIO\-ISl, n. One who favors prohibitory du- 
ties in commerce. 

PRO-HIB'IT-lVE, I a. Forbidding ; implying prohibition 

PRO-HIB'IT-O-RY, J —Barrow.— Aylijfe. 

f PROIN, v. t. [Fr. provigner.} To lop ; to trim ; to prune. 
— Ben Jonson. See Prune. 

t PROIN, v. i. To be employed in pruning. — Bacon. 

PRO-JECT', v. t. [L. projicio ; Fr. projetcr.] 1. To throw 
out ; to cast or shoot forward. 2. To cast forward in the 
mind ; to scheme ; to contrive ; to devise something to be 
done. 3. To draw or exhibit, as the form of any thing ; 
to delineate. 

PROJECT, v. i. To shoot forward ; to extend beyond 
something else ; to jut ; to be prominent. 

PROJ'ECT, n. [Fr. projet.] 1. A scheme ; a design ; a plan ; 
something intended or devised ; contrivance. 2. An idle 
scheme ; a design not practicable. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



PRO 



785 



PRO 



PROJECTED, pp. or a. Cast out or forward ; schemed ; 
devised; delineated. 

PROJECTILE, a. 1. Impelling forward. 2. Given by im- 
pulse ; impelled forward. — Arbuthnot. 

PROJECTILE, n. 1. A body projected, or impelled for- 
ward by force, particularly through the air. — 2. Project- 
iles, in mechanical philosophy, is that part which treats of 
the motion of bodies thrown or driven by an impelling 
force above the earth. 

PROJECTING, ppr. Throwing out or forward; schem- 
ing ; contriving. 

PROJECTING, ppr. or a. Shooting out ; jutting ;. extend- 
ing forward ; as, a projecting rock. 

PROJECTION, n. [L. projecdo.] 1. The act of throwing 
cr shooting forward.— Brown. 2. A part jutting out, as ot 
:i building ; an extension beyond something else. 3. The 
act of scheining ; plan ; scheme ; design of something to 
be executed. 4. Plan ; delineation ; the representation 
of something. — Projection of the sphere, a delineation of the 
several parts of its surface on a plane. In the orthographic 
projection, the eye is supposed to be at an infinite dis- 
tance ; in the stereographic, at the surface of the sphere- , 
in the gnomonic, at the center of the sphere. In the glob- 
ular projection, the circles of the sphere are so repre- 
sented as to present the appearance of a globe. In Mcr- 
cator's projection, the meridians are drawn parallel to each 
other, and the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose 
distance from each other increases with their distance 
from the equator, so that at all places the degrees of lati- 
tude and longitude have to each other the same ratio as on 
the sphere itself. — 5. In alchemy, the casting of a certain 
powder, called powder of projection, into a crucible or other 
vessel full of some prepared metal or other matter, which 
is to be thereby transmuted into gold. 

J RO JECTMENT, n. Design ; contrivance. [Little used.] 

PROJECTOR, n. 1. One who forms a scheme or design. 

2. One who forms wild or impracticable schemes. 
PROJECTURE, n. A jutting or standing out beyond the 

line or surface of something else. 

PRO-JE 7" (pro-zhS'), n. [Fr.] A plan proposed ; the draft 
of a proposed measure, arrangement, &c. 

PRO-LAPSE' (pro-laps'), n. [L. prolapsus.} A falling down 
or falling out of some part of the body. 

PRO-LAPSJS' (pro-laps'), v. i. To fall down or out ; to pro- 
ject too much. 

PROLAP'SUS. ' } See PR0LAp s E . n - 

\ PRO-LaTE', v. t. [L. prolatum.] To utter; to pronounce. 

PRo'LaTE, a. Extended beyond the line of an exact 
sphere ; applied to a spheroid elongated in the direction 
of its axis ; opposed to oblate. 

PRO-La'TION, n. [L. prolatio.] 1. Utterance ; pronuncia- 
tion. — Ray; [littkused.] 2. Delay; act of deferring ; [obs.] 
—3. A method, in music, of determining the power of semi- 
breves and minims. 

PRO-LE-GOM'E-NA, n. pi. [Gr. TxpoXzyoixtva.} Preliminary 
observations ; introductory remarks or discourses pre- 
fixed to a book or treatise. 

PRO-LE-GOM'E-NA-RY, a. Preliminary ; introductory ; 
containing previous explanations. — Ed. Rev. 

PRO'LEGS, n. pi. In entomology, the fleshy, pediform, and 
frequently retractile organs, which serve instead of legs, 
and assist various larva? in their motions. 

PRO-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr. ^puXeif/ig.] 1. Anticipation ; a figure 
in rhetoric, by which objections are anticipated or pre- 
vented. 2. An error in chronology, when an event is da- 
ted before the actual time ; a species of anachronism. 

PRO-LEP'TIC, I a. 1. Pertaining to prolepsis or antic- 

PRO-LEP'TI€-AL, 5 ipation. 2. Previous ; antecedent— 

3. In medicine, anticipating the regular time of recurrence, 
as a disease. 

PRO-LEPTIC-AL-LY, adv. By way of anticipation. 

PRO-LE-TI'NE-OUS, a. Having a numerous offspring. 

\ PRO-LE-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. proletarius.] Mean ; vile ; vul- 
gar. — Hudibras. 

f PR<3'LE-TA-RY, n. A common person.— Burton. 

PROL'I-ClDE, n. [L. proles and azdo.] The crime of de- 
stroying one's offspring, either in the womb or after birth. 
— Bouvier. 

PRO-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. proles and fero.] In botany, pro- 
ducing another from its own center, as a flower or umbel. 

PRO-LIF'IC, \a. [It, Sp. prolifico ; Fr. prolifique.] 1. 

PRO-LIF'IC-AL, $ Producing young or fruit ; fruitful ; 
generative ; productive. 2. Productive ; having the qual- 
ity of generating. — 3. A prolific flower (prolifer), in botany. 
is one which produces a second flower from its own cen- 
ter, or which has smaller flowers growing out of the prin- 
cipal one. 

PRO-LIF'IC-A-CY, n. Fruitfulness ; great productiveness. 

PRO-LIF'IC-AL-LY, adv. Fruitfully ; with great increase. 

PRO-HF-IC-A'TION, n. 1. The generation of young or of 
plants. — 2. In botany, the production of a second flower 
from the substance of the first 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VP'CIOUS.— C as 
D D D 



PRO-LIF'IC-NE??, n. The state- of being prolific. 

PRO-LIX' (often pron. prolix), a. [L. prollxus.} 1. Extend 
ed to a great length ; minute in narration or argument 
[used only with reference to style ; as, a prolix writer 01 
poem.] 2. Of long duration ; [obs.] — Syn. Long ; diffuse ; 
prolonged ; protracted ; tedious ; tiresome ; wearisome. 

t rRO-LIX'IOUS (-shus), a. Dilatory ; tedious.— Shak. 

PRO T TX'I-TY ? 

PROLIX'NESS, 5 n - Great len S th i minute detail. 

PRO-LIX'LY, adv. At great length.— Dry dm. 

* PRO-LO-€u'TOR, n. [L.proloquor.] The speaker or chair- 

man of a convocation. — Swift. 

* PRO-LO-Cu'TOR-SHIP, n. The office or station of a pro- 
locutor. 

t PRo'LO-GlZE, v. 1 To deliver a prologue. 

* PRo'LOGUE (prolog), n. [Fr. ; L. prologus.] The preface 

or introduction to a discourse or performance ; chiefly, the 
discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance 
or pla3 r begins. — Encye. 

* PRo'LOGUE (prolog), v. t. [It. prologare.] To introduce 

with a formal preface. — Shak. 

* PRo'LOGU.E D (-logd), pp. Introduced with a preface. 

* PRo'LOGU-ING, ppr. Introducing with a formal preface. 
PRO-LONG', v. t. [Fr. prolongcr ; It prolungare ; Sp. pro- 

longar.] 1. To lengthen in time ; to extend the duration 
of; to protract. 2. To lengthen; to draw out in time by 
delay ; to continue. 3. To put off to a distant time ; to 
postpone. 4. To extend in space or length. 

PRO-LON"GaTE. v. t. 1. To extend or lengthen in space 
2. To extend in time ; [little used.] 

PRO-LON"Ga-TED, pp. Extended in space ; continued in 
length. 

PRO-LON"GA-TING, ppr. Lengthening in space. 

PRO-LON"Ga'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of lengthening in 
time or space. 2. Extension of time by delay or post- 
ponement. 

PRO-LONG.ED' (pro-longd'), pp. or a. Lengthened Id dura 
tion or space. 

PRO-LONG'ER, n. He or that which lengthens in time ci 
space. 

PRO-LONG'ING, ppr. Extending in time ; continuing in 
length. 

PRO-Lu'SION (pro-lu'zhun), n. [L. proliLsio.} A prelude ; 
a trial before the principal performance : hence, in a gen- 
eral sense, a trial ; an essay. 

PROM-E-NaDE', n, [Fr.] 1. A walk for amusement or ex- 
ercise. 2. A place for walking. 

PROM-E-NaDE', v. i. To walk for amusement or exercise. 

PROM-E-NaD'ER, n. He or that which promenades. 

PROM-E-NaDTNG, ppr. Walking for amusement or exer 
cise. 

f PRO-MERTT, v. t. [L. promeritum.] 1. To oblige ; to con- 
fer a favor on. 2. To deserve ; to procure by merit. 

PRO-Me'THE-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Prometheus, who 
stole fire from heaven. 2. Having the life-giving qur.hry 
of the fire thus stolen. 

PRO-Me'THE-AN, n. A small glass tube, containing con 
centrated sulphuric acid, and surrounded with an inflam- 
mable mixture, which it ignites on being pressed. — Brandt. 

PROM'I-NENCE, In. [L. prominentia.} 1. A standing out 

PROM'I-NEN-CY, > from the surface of something, or that 
which juts out ; protuberance. 2. Conspicuousness. 

PROM'I-NENT. a. [L. promincns.] 1. Standing out beyond 
the line or surface of something ; jutting ; protuberant ; 
in high relief. 2. Full; large, as eyes. 3. Eminent; dis- 
tinguished above others. 4. Principal ; most visible or 
striking to the eye ; conspicuous. 

PROM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a prominent manner ; so as to 
stand out beyond the other parts ; eminently ; in a strik 
ing manner; conspicuously. 

PRO-MIS'CU-OUS, a. [L. promiscuus.] 1. Mingled; con 
sisting of individuals united in a body or mass without 
order ; confused ; undistinguished. 2*. Common ; indis 
criminate ; not restricted to an individual. 

PRO-MIS'€U-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In a crowd or mass with- 
out order ; with confused mixture ; indiscriminately. 2 
Without distinction of kinds.— Pope. 

PRO-MIS'CU-OUS-NESS, n. A state of being mixed with- 
out order or distinction. — A-<h- 

PROMISE, n. [L. promissum ; Fr. promessc.] 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, a declaration or engagement made by one per- 
son to another, which binds the person who makes it to 
do or forbear a certain act specified. — 2. In law, a declara 
tion. verbal or written, made by one person to another for 
a good or valuable consideration, in the nature of a cove- 
nant by which the promiser binds himself, and, as the 
case may be, his legal representatives, to do or forbear 
some act; and gives to the promisee a legal right to de- 
mand and enforce a fulfillment. 3. A binding declaration 
of something to be done or given for another's benefit. 
4. Hopes ; expectation, or that which affords expectation 
of future distinction. 5. That which is promised ; fulfill 
ment or grant of what is promised. — 6. In Scripture, the 

K ; 6 as J ; S as zTCH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PRO 



786 



PRO 



promise of God is the declaration or assurance which God 
has given in his word of bestowing blessings on his people. 
PROM'lSE, v. t. 1. To make a declaration to another which 
binds the promiser in honor, conscience, or law, to do or 
forbear some act. 2. To afford reason to expect. 3. To 
make declaration or give assurance of some benefit to be 
conferred ; to pledge or engage to bestow. 
PROM'lSE, v. i. 1. To assure one by a promise or binding 
declaration. 2. To afford hopes or expectations ; to give 
ground to expect good. — 3. In popular use, this verb some- 
times threatens or assures of evil ; as, The rogue shall be 
punished, I promise you. — 4. To promise one's self, to be 
assured, or to have strong confidence. 
PROMISE-BREACH, n. Violation of promise. 
PROM'ISE-BREaK'ER, n. A violator of promises. 
PROMISED (prom'ist), pp. or a. Engaged by word or 

writing. 
PROM-IS-EE', n. The person to whom a promise is made. 
PROM'IS-ER, n. One who promises ; one who engages, as- 
sures, stipulates, or covenants. — In law, promisor 1 is used. 
PROM'IS-ING, ppr. 1. Engaging by words or writing ; stip- 
ulating; assuring. 2. ppr. ova. Affording just expectations 
of good, or reasonable ground of hope. 
PROM'IS-ING-LY, adv. In a promising manner. 
PROM'IS-SO-RI-LY, adv. By way of promise. 
PROM'IS-SO-RY, a. 1. Containing a promise or binding 
declaration of something to be done or forborne. — 2. In 
law, a promissory note is a writing which contains a prom- 
ise of the payment of money or the delivery of property 
to another, at or before a time specified, in consideration 
of value received by the promiser. 
PROM'ON-TO-RY, n. [L. promontorium ; Fr. promontoire ; 
It, Sp. promontorio.] In geography, a high point of land 
or rock, projecting into the sea beyond the line of the 
coast ; a headland ; a high cape. 
PRO-MoTE', v. t. [L. promotus.] 1. To contribute to the 
growth, enlargement, or excellence of any thing valuable, 
or to the increase of any thing evil ; as, to promote virtue 
or vice. 2. To excite ; as, to promote mutiny. 3. To raise 
to higher rank or honor. — Syn. To forward; advance 
further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer; elevate; dignify. 
PRO-MoTED, pp. Advanced ; exalted. 
PRO-MoT'ER, n. 1. He or that which forwards, advances, 
or promotes ; an encourager. 2. One who excites. 3. An 
informer ; a make-bate ; [obs.] 
PRO-MOTING, ppr. Forwarding ; advancing ; exciting ; 

exalting. 
IRO-M0TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of promoting ; advance- 
ment ; encouragement. 2. Exaltation in rank or honor ; 
preferment. 
PRO-MoTiVE, a. Tending to advance or promote; tend- 
ing to encourage. — Hume. 
t PRO-MOVE', v. t. To advance.— Fell. 
PROMPT, a. [Fr. prompt; It, Sp. pronto; L. promptus.] 1. 
Ready and quick to act as occasion demands. 2. Of a 
ready disposition ; acting with cheerful alacrity. 3. Quick ; 
ready ; unhesitating ; not dilatory ; [applied to things.] 4. 
Quick ; hasty ; indicating boldness or forwardness. 5. 
Ready ; present ; told down, as payment. 6. Easy ; un- 
obstructed. 
PROMPT, v. t. 1. To incite ; to move or excite to action 
or exertion ; to instigate. 2. To assist a speaker when at 
a loss, by pronouncing the words forgotten or next in or- 
der. 3. To dictate ; to suggest to the mind. 4. To re- 
mind ; [obs.] 
PROMPT-BOOK, n. The book used by the prompter of a 

theatre. 
PROMPTED, #p. Incited; moved to action; instigated; 

assisted in speaking or learning. 
PROMPTER, n. 1. One who prompts; one who admon- 
ishes or incites to action. 2. One whose business is to as- 
sist an actor or speaker when at a loss, by uttering the 
first words of a. sentence or words forgotten. 
PROMPTING, ppr. Inciting; moving to action; aiding a 

speaker when at a loss for the words of his piece. 
PROMPT'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. promptus ; It. prontitudine.] 
1. Readiness ; quickness of decision and action when oc- 
casion demands. 2. Readiness of will ; cheerful alacrity. 
PROMPTLY, -adv. Readily; quickly; expeditiously; cheer- 
fully. — Taylor. 
PROMPTNESS, n. 1. Readiness; quickness of decision or 
action. 2. Cheerful willingness ; alacrity. 3. Activity ; 
briskness. 
PROMPT'U-A-PlY, n. [Fr. promptuaire ; L. promptuarium.] 
That from which supplies are drawn ; a store-house ; a 
magazine ; a repository. 
I PROMPT'URE, n. Suggestion ; incitement.— Sfiak. 
PRO-MUL'GaTE, v. t. [L. promulgo.] To publish; to pro- 
claim ; to make known by open declaration. 
PRO-MUL'Ga-TED, pp. Published ; made publicly known. 
PRO-MUL'Ga-TING, ppr. Publishing. 

PRO-MUL-Ga'TION, n. The act of promulgating ; publi- 
cation ; open declaration. 



* PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, n. A publisher; one who makes 
known, or teaches publicly, what was before unknown. 

PRO-MULgE' (pro-mulj'), v. t. To promulgate ; to publish 
or teach. [Promulgate is more used.] 

PRO-MULGJED' (pro-muljd'), pp. Published. 

PRO-MULg'ER, n. One who publishes or teaches what 
was before unknown. — Atterbury. 

PRO-MULG'ING, ppr. Publishing. 

PRO-Na'OS, n. [Gr. ^po and vaoS-] The porch or vestibule 
of a temple. 

PRO-Na'TION, n. [L. promts.] 1. Among anatomists, that 
motion of the radius whereby the palm of the hand is 
turned downward ; the act of turning the palm down- 
ward. — Coxe. 2. That position of the hand when the 

v-n^n -,™£? ne& toward the b °dy and the palm downward. 

PRO-Na TOR, n. A muscle of the fore-arm which serves 
to turn the palm of the hand downward. 

PRoNE,a.. [h.pronus.] 1. Bending forward ; inclined ; net 
erect.— Milton. 2. Lying with the face downward. 3. 
Headlong ; precipitous ; inclining in descent. 4. Sloping ; 
declivous ; inclined. 5. Inclined ; propense ; disposed ; 
as, prone to sin, prone to change. 

PRoNE'LY, adv. So as to bend downward. 

PRoNE'NESS, n. 1. The state of bending downward. 2. 
The state of lying with the face downward. 3. Descent , 
declivity. 4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper ; pro- 
pension ; disposition. 

PRONG, n. 1. A sharp-pointed instrument. 2. The tine of 
a fork or of a similar instrument. 3. A pointed projection. 

PRONG'-HoE, n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth. 

PRONG-ED, a. Having prongs or projections like the tin^ 
of a fork. 

t PRo'NI-TY, for pronen ess.— More. 

PRO-NOM'IN-AL, a. [L. pronomen.] Belonging to or of the 
nature of a pronoun. — Lowth. 

PRO-NOM'IN-AL-LY, adv. With the effect or after the man 
ner of a pronoun. 
[ PRo'NOUN, n. [Fr. pronom ; It. pronome ; Sp. pronombre , 
L. pronomen.] In grammar, a word used instead of a 
noun or name, to prevent the repetition of it. 

PRO-NOUNCE' (pro-nouns'), v. t. [Fr. prononcer ; L. pro- 
nuncio.] 1. To speak ; to utter articulately ; to articulate. 
2. To utter formally, officially, or solemnly. 3. To speak 
or utter rhetorically ; to deliver. 4. To speajj ; to utter 
in almost any manner. 5. To declare or affirm. 

PRO-NOUNCE' (pro-nouns'), v. i. To speak ; to make dec 
laration ; to utter an opinion. 

t PRO-NOUNCE', n. Declaration.— Milton. 

PRO-NOUNCE'A-BLE (pro-nouns'a-bl), a. That may be 
pronounced or uttered. — Pinkerton. 

PRO-NOUNCE D' (pro-nounsf), pp. Spoken ; uttered ; de 
clared solemnly. 

PRO-NOUNC'ER, n. One who utters or declares. 

PRO-NOUN C'ING, ppr. 1. Speaking; uttering; declaring. 

2. a. Teaching pronunciation. 
PRO-NUN'CIAL, a. Pertaining to pronunciation. 

* PRO-NUN-CI-ATION, n. [Fr. prononciation ; L. pronun 
ciatio.] 1. The act of uttering with articulation ; utter- 
ance. 2. The mode of uttering words or sentences ; par- 
ticularly, the art or manner of uttering a discourse public 
lv with propriety and gracefulness; now called delivery. 

t PRO-NUN'CIA-TI VE, a. Uttering confidently ; dogmatical. 

PROOF, n. [Sax. projian ; Sw.prof; Dan. prove; fi.proef, 
Fr. prcuve.] 1. Any effort, process, or operation that as 
certains truth or fact. — 2. In law and logic, that which con 
vinces the mind of the certainty of truth or fact, and pro- 
duces belief. 3. Firmness or hardness that resists impres- 
sion, or yields not to force ; impenetrability of physical 
bodies ; as, arms of proof. — Dryden. 4. Firmness of mind ; 
stability not to be shaken. — 5. The proof of spirits consist? 
in little bubbles which appear on the top of the liquor aft- 
er agitation, called the bead, and. by the French, chapclet. 
6. The degree of strength in spirit ; as, high proof; first 
proof. — 7. In printing and engraving, a rough impression 
of a sheet, taken for correction ; plu. proofs, not proves. 8. 
Armor sufficiently firm to resist impression. — Shak. ; [obs.] 
— Proof 'is elliprically put for of proof ; as, he is proof against 
all assaults. — Proof impression, an early impression of an 
engraving, considered the best, as being first taken.— Syn. 
Trial ; essay ; experiment ; test ; evidence ; testimony ; 
reason ; argument ; demonstration. 

PROOF'-SHEET, n. See Proof, No. 7. 

PROOF'-SPIR-IT, n. A mixture of equal weights of purr 
alcohol and water. 

PROOF'-TEXT, n. A text of Scripture relied upon fa 
proving a doctrine, &c. 

PROOF'LESS, a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce be- 
lief; not proved. — Boyle. 

t PROOF'LESS-LY, adv. Without proof. 

PROP, v. t. [D., Dan. prop; Sw.propp; D. proppen.] 1. To 
support or prevent from falling by placing something un- 
der or against. 2. To support by standing under or against. 

3. To support ; to sustain ; [in a general sense.] 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



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787 



PRO 






PROP, n. That which sustains an incumbent weight ; that 
on which any thing rests for support ; a support ; a stay. 

PRO-P./E-DEu'TI€S, n. [Gr. -npo and iratSevu.] Prelimina- 
ry learning connected with any art or science. — Brande. 

PROP'A-GA-BLE, a. 1. That may be continued or multi- 
plied by natural generation or production. 2. That may 
be spread or extended by any means, as tenets, doctrines, 
or principles. 

PROP-A-GAN'Da, n. [from L.] The popular name of a so- 
ciety in Rome, charged with the management of the Ro- 
man Catholic missions, and styled Societas de Propaganda 
Fide. 

f ROP-A-GAN'DISM, n. The art or practice of propagating 
tenets or principles. — Dwight. 

PROP-A-GAN'DIST, n. A person who devotes himself to 
the spread of any system of principles. — Walsh. 

PROP'A-GITE, v. t. [L. propago ; It. propaggine.] 1. To 
give continuance or greater number to the kind by gener- 
ation or successive production. 2. To extend ; to impel 
forward in space, as sound. 3. To cause to go from per- 
son to person ; to extend ; to give birth or currency to, as 
a report. 4. To carry from place to place ; to extend by 

Slanting and establishing in places before destitute, as re- 
gion. 5. To extend or give increase to. 6. To gener- 
ate ; to produce.— Syn. To multiply ; continue ; increase ; 
spread ; diffuse ; disseminate ; promote. 

PROP'A-GaTE, v. i. To have young or issue ; to be pro- 
duced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or 
plants. 

PROP'A-GI-TED, pp. or a. Continued or multiplied by gen- 
eration or production of the same kind ; spread ; extended. 

PROP'A-GI-TING, ppr. Continuing or multiplying the kind 
by generation or production ; spreading and establishing. 

PROP-A-GaTION, n. [Fr. ; L. propagatio.] 1. The act of 
propagating ; the continuance or multiplication of the kind 
by generation or successive production. 2. The spreading 
or extension of any thing. 3. The spreading of any thing 
by planting and establishing in places before destitute. 4. 
A forwarding or promotion. 

PROP'A-Ga-TOR, n. 1. One who continues or multiplies 
his own species by generation. 2. One who continues or 
multiplies any species of animals or plants. 3. One who 
spreads or causes to circulate, as a report. 4. One who 
plants and establishes in a country destitute. 5. One who 
plants, originates, or extends ; one who promotes. 

PRO-PEL', v. t. [L. propello.] To drive forward; to urge 
or press onward by force. 

PRO-PELL£D' (pro-peld'), pp. Driven forward. 

PRO-PEL'LER, n. 1. A contrivance for propelling steam- 
boats by the action of a screw placed in the stern. 2. A 
steam-boat thus propelled. 

PRO-PEL'LING, ppr. or a. Driving forward. 

PRO-PEND', v. i. [L. propendeo.] 'To lean toward ; to in- 
cline ; to be disposed in favor of any thing. — Shak. [Rare.] 

PRO-PEND'EN-CY, n. [L. propendens.] 1. A leaning to- 
ward ; inclination ; tendency of desire to any thing. 2. 
Preconsideration ; attentive deliberation. [Little used.] 

PRO-PEND'ENT, a. Inclining forward or toward.— South. 

PROP ENDING, ppr. Inclining toward. 

PRO-PENSE' (pro-pens'), a. [L. propensus.] Leaning to- 
ward ; [in a moral sense ;] inclined ; disposed. 

PRO-PEN'SION, \n. [Fr. propension ; L. propensio.] 1. 

PRO-PENS'I-TY, 5 Bent of mind, natural or acquired. [In 
this sense, propensity is commonly used.] 2. Natural tend- 
ency. — Syn. Disposition ; bias ; inclination ; proclivity ; 
proneness. 

PROP'ER a. [Fr. propre ; It. proprio or propio ; Sp. propio ; 
L.proprius.] 1. Peculiar ; naturally or essentially belong- 
ing to a person or thing ; not common. 2. Particularly 
suited to. 3. One's own ; as, my proper hands. — Shak. 4. 
Noting an individual ; pertaining to one of a species, but 
not common to the whole ; as, a proper name. 5. Fit ; 
suitable; adapted; accommodated. 6. Correct; just. 7. 
Not figurative; as, plain and proper terms.— Burnet. 8. 
Well-formed ; handsome. 9. Tall ; lusty ; handsome with 
bulk. — Shak. ; [not used.] 10. Mere ; pure ; as, a proper 
fool; [unusual] — 11. In vulgar language, very ; as, proper 
good. Halliwell. — 12. In heraldry, a term applied to an ob- 
ject represented of its natural color.— Brande. 

PROP'ER-LY, adv. 1. Fitly; suitably; in a proper manner. 
2. In a strict sense. 

PROP'ER-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being proper ; [rare.] 

2. Tallness ; [ohs.] 3. Perfect form ; handsomeness. 
PROP'ER-TY, n. [from proper.] 1 . A peculiar quality or at- 
tribute of any thing ; that which is inherent in a subject, 
or naturally essential to it. 2. An acquired or artificial 
quality ; that which is given by art or bestowed by man. 

3. Quality ; disposition. 4. The exclusive right of pos- 
sessing, enjoying, and disposing of a thing ; ownership. 5. 
Possession held in one's own right. — Dryden. 6. The thing 
owned ; that to which a person lias the legal title, whether 
in his possession or not. 7. An estate, whether in lands, 
goods, or money. 8. An estate : a farm ; a plantation. 0. 



Nearness or right.— Shak. 10. Propriety ; [obs.]— 11. Prop- 
erties, the dresses and other appendages used in a theatre, 
the keeper of which is still called the property man. — Sftoi. 
— Toone ; [obs.] — Literary property, the exclusive right of 
printing, publishing, and making profit by one's own writ 
ings. 

tPROP'ER-TY, v. t. 'lo invest with qualities, or to mV« as 
one's own ; to appropriate. — Shak. 

PRO-PHaNE'. See Profane. 

PROPH'A-SIS (prof'a-sis), n. [Gr. n-po^rjaij.] In medicine, 
prognosis ; foreknowledge of a disease. 

PROPH'E-CY (prof'e-se), n. [Gr. Trpo^rua.] 1. A foretell- 
ing ; prediction ; a declaration ol something to come.— 2. 
In Scripture, a book of prophecies ; a history. 3. Preach- 
ing ; public interpretation of Scripture ; exhortation or in- 
struction. — Prov., xxxi. 

PROPH'E-SI£D (prof'e-side), pp. Foretold ; predicted. 

PROPH'E-ST-ER, n. One who predicts events. 

PROPH'E-S?, v. t. 1. To foretell future events ; to predict 

2. To foreshow.— Shak. ; [little used.] 
PROPH'E-SY, v. I 1. To utter predictions ; to make dec- 
larations of events to come. — 2. In Scripture, to preach ; to 
instruct in religious doctrines ; to interpret or explain 
Scripture or religious subjects ; to exhort. — 1 Cor., xiii. 

PROPH'E-SY-ING, ppr. Foretelling events. 

PROPH'E-SY-ING, n. The act of foretelling or of preaching. 

PROPH'ET, n. [Gr. irpo^nm? ; L. propheta ; Fr. prophctc.] 
1. One who foretells future events ; a predicter ; a fore- 
teller. — 2. In Scripture, a person inspired or instracted by 
God to announce future events. 3. An interpreter ; one 
who explains or communicates sentiments. — Ex., vii. 4. 
One who pretends to foretell; an impostor. — School of the 
prophets, among the Israelites, a school or college in which 
young men were educated and qualified for public teachers 

PROPHET-LIKE, a. Like a prophet.— SJiak. 

PROPH'ET-ESS, n. A female prophet.— Judg., iv. 

PRO-PHET'lC, \ a. 1. Containing prophecy : foretelling 

PRO-PHETIC-AL, 5 future events. 2. Unfolding future 
events. 

PR.O-PHET'I€-AL-LY, adv. By way of prediction ; in the 
manner of prophecy. — Dryden. 

I PROPH'ET-lZE, v. i. To give prediction. 

PRO-PHOR'I€, a. [Gr. zpocpopiKoc.] Enunciative. 

PROPH-Y-LAC'TIC, \a. [Gr. npo^vXaKTiKo?.] .n medi- 

PROPH-Y-LAC'TIC-AL, $ cine, preventive ; defending 
from disease. — Coze. 

PROPH-Y-LACTIC, n. A medicine which preserves or de- 
fends against disease ; a preventive. — Coxe. 

PROP-I-Na'TION, n. [L. propinatio.] The act of pledging, 
or drinking first and then offering the cup to another.— 
Potter. 

t PRO-PlNE'. v. t. [L. propino.] 1. To pledge ; to drink first 
and then offer the cup to another. 2. To expose. 

PRO-PIN'QUI-TY (pro-pink'we-te), n. [L. propinquitas.] 1 ; 
Nearness in place ; neighborhood. 2. Nearness in time : 

3. Nearness of blood ; kindred. 

PRO-P2"TIA-BLE (-pish'a-bl), a. That may be induced to , 
favor, or that may be made propitious. 

PRO-PI"TIaTE (-pish'ate), v. t. [L. propitio.] To conciliate , 
to appease one offended and render him favorable ; to ree 
oncile ; to make propitious. — Pope. 

PRO-PI"TIa-TED, pp. Appeased and rendered favorable , 
conciliated. 

PRO-Pl"TlA-TING, ppr. Conciliating ; appeasing the wrath 
of and rendering favorable. 

* PRO-PI"TI-A'TION (-pish-e-a'shun). n. [Fr.] 1. The act oi 
appeasing wrath and conciliating the favor of an oftended 
person ; the act of making propitious. — 2. In theology, the 
atonement or atoning sacrifice which removes the obstacle • 
to man's salvation. 

PRO-Pi"TIa'TOR, n. One who propitiates.— Shcrtcood 

PRO-Pl"TIA-TO-RI-LY, adv. Bv way of propitiation. 
PRO-Pl"TlA-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make pro- 
pitious. — Stilling fleet. 

PRO-Pl"TIA-TO-RY, n. Among the Jews, the mercy-seat ; 
the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant, lined within 
and without with plates of gold. — Encyc. 

PRO-Pl"TIOUS (pro-pisb'us), a. [L. propitius.] 1. Favora- 
ble ; kind. 2. Disposed to be gracious or merciful ; ready 
to forgive sins and bestow blessings. 3. Favorable ; .is. h 
propitious season. 

PRO-Pi"TIOUS-LY. adv. Favorably ; kindly.— Roscommon. 

PRO-Pl"TIOUS-NES8, n. 1 Kindness : disposition to treat 
another kindly : disposition to forgive. 2. Favorableness. 

PRo'PLASM. n. [Gr. r/>'> and irXan^n.] A mold ; a matrix. 

PRO-PLAS'Tf CE, n. The art of making molds for castings 

PRo'PO-LIS, n. [Gr.] A thick, odorous substance having 
some resemblance to wax, and smelling like storax ; used . 
by bees to stop the holes and crevices in their hives. 

PRO-PrVNENT, n. [L. proponens.] One who makes a pro- 
posal, or lavs down a proposition. — Dryden. 

PRO-PoRTION, n. [L. proportio.] 1. The comparative re 
lation of any one thing to another. — 2. In mathematics, the 



DcWE;— BULL. UNITE :—AN"GER, Vl"C!OUS. 



K : & as J : S as Z : cH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsc>te. 



PRO 



788 



PfLO 



Identity, similitude, or equality of two ratios. — Proportion 
diners from ratio. Ratio is properly the relation of two 
magnitudes or quantities of one and the same kind ; as, 
the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8 to 16. Proportion is 
the sameness or likeness of two such relations. Thus, 5 
is to 10 as S to 16 ; that is. 5 bears the same relation to 10 
as 8 does to 16. Hence we say, such numbers are in pro- 
portion. Proportion is also sometimes applied to the se- 
ries of terms among which an equality of ratios exists. — 3. 
*n arithmetic, a rule by which, when three numbers are 
given, a fourth number is found. 4. Symmetry ; suitable 
adaptation of one part or thing to another. 5. Equal or 
just share. 6. Form; size: [rare.] 7. The relation be- 
tween unequal things of the same kind, by which their 
several parts correspond to each other with an equal aug- 
mentation and diminution, as in reducing and enlarging 
figures. — Harmonical or musical proportion is when, of 
three or four quantities, the first is to the last as the differ- 
ence between the first two is to the difference between the 
last two. — Arithmetical proportion, an equality of arithmet- 
ical ratios. — Geometrical proportion, an equality of geomet- 
rical ratios. — Reciprocal proportion, an equality between a 
direct ratio and a reciprocal ratio. — Day. 

PRO-PoR'TION, v. t. 1. To adjust the comparative relation 
of one thing or one part to another. 2. To form with sym- 
metry or suitableness, as the parts of the body. 

PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Literally, that may be propor- 
tioned or made proportional; but, in common usage, pro- 
portional. 

PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being propor- 
tionable. 

PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLY, adv. According to proportion or 
comparative relation. 

PROPoR'TION-AL, a. [It. proporzionale ; Fr. proportionnel.] 

1. Having a due comparative relation ; being in suitable 
proportion or degree. — 2. In mathematics, having the same 
ratio; as, four quantities are proportional ; having always 
the same ratio ; as, the momentum of a body is propor- 
tional to the product of its quantity of matter and velocity. 
3. Relating to proportion ; as, proportional compasses. 

E'RO-PoRTION-AL, n. A number or quantity proportional ; 
a name given, in mathematics, to the terms of a proportion. 
PRO-PoR-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being in pro- 
portion. — Grew. 
PRO-PoR'TION-AL-LY, adv. In proportion ; in due degree ; 
with suitable comparative relation. 

J'RO-PoR'TION-ATE, a. Adjusted to something else ac- 
cording to a certain rate or comparative relation ; propor- 
tional. — Loclie. 

fTRO-PORTION-XTE, v. t. To proportion ; to make pro- 
portional ; to adjust according to a settled rate or to due 
comparative relation. — Bentley. 
PRO-PoRTION-ATE-LY, adv. With due proportion ; ac- 
cording to a settled or suitable rate or degree. 

„PRO-P5RTION-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being adjust- 
ed by due or settled proportion or comparative relation ; 
suitableness of proportions. 

i PRO-PoR'TION£D, pp. or a. Made or adjusted with due 
proportion or with symmetry of parts. 

i PRO-PoR'TION-ING, ppr. Making proportional. 

■ PRO-P6RTION-LESS, a. Without proportion ; without 
symmetry of parts. 

i PRO-Po'SAL (-zal), n. 1. That which is offered or pro- 
pounded for consideration or acceptance ; a scheme or 
design, terms or conditions proposed. 2. A bringing be- 
fore the mind. — Syn. Offer ; proffer ; tender ; overture ; 
proposition. 
PRO-PoSE' (-poze'), v. t. [Fr. proposer ; L. propono.] 1. To 
bring forward or offer for consideration, discussion, ac- 
ceptance, or adoption. 2. To offer or present for consid- 
eration. — To propose to one's self, to intend ; to design ; to 
purpose. 
PRO-PoSE', v. i. 1. To lay schemes. — Shak.; [not used.] 

2. To otter one's self in marriage. — Miss Pickering. [To 
propose is frequently used in the sense of to purpose ; as, 
I propose to no to-day.] 

! \ PRO-POSE', n. Talk ; discourse.— Shak. 
PRO-P0S.ED' (pro-pozd'),£p. or a. Offered or presented for 
consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption. 

i PRO-PoS'ER, n. One who offers any thing for considera- 
tion or adoption. — Locke. 
PRO-PoSTNG, ppr. Offering for consideration, acceptance, 
or adoption. 

; PROP-O-SI'TION (-zish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. proposition 1. That 
v» hich is proposed ; that which is offered for consideration, 
acceptance, or adoption ; a proposal ; offer of terms. — 2. 
In logic, one of the three parts of a regular argument ; the 
part of an argument in which some quality, negative or 
positive, is attributed to a subject. — 3. In mathematics, a 
statement in terms either of a truth to be demonstrated or 
of an operation to be performed. — 4. In oratory, that which 
is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discourse ; any 
thing stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration. — 5. 



In poetry, the first part of a poem, in which the authoi 
states the subject or matter of it. 

PROP-0-Sl"TION-AL (-zish'un-al), a. Pe rtaining to a prop 
osition ; considered as a proposition. — Watts. 

PRO-POUND', v. t. [L. propono.] 1. To propose ; to ofirr 
for consideration. 2. To offer ; to exhibit ; to propose.- 
3. In Congregational churches, to propose or name as a 
candidate for admission to communion with a church. 

PRO-POUND'ED, pp. Proposed ; ottered for consideratiot 

PRO-POUND'ER, n. One who proposes or otters for con 
sideration. 

PRO-POUND'ING, ppr. Proposing; offering for considers 
tion. 

PROPPED (pro-pt), pp. Supported ; sustained by something 
placed under. 

PROP'PING, ppr. Supporting by something beneath. 

PRO-PRe'TOR, n. [L. pronator.] Among the Romans, a 
magistrate who, having discharged the office of pretor at 
home, was appointed to the government of a province. 

PRO-PRI'E-TA-RY, n. [Fr. proprietaire.] 1. A proprietor or 
owner ; one who has the exclusive title to a thing ; one 
who possesses or holds the title to a thing in his own 
right. — 2. In monasteries, such monks were called pro^me- 
taries as had reserved goods and effects to themselves, 
notwithstanding their renunciation of all at the time oj 
their profession. 

PRO-PRl'E-TA-RY, a. Belonging to a proprietor or owner, 
or to aproprietary. 

PRO-PRl'E-TOR, n. [L.proprietas.] An owner; the person 
who has the legal right or exclusive title to any thing, 
whether in possession or not. 

PRO-PRl'E-TOR-SHIP, n. State of being proprietor. 

PRO-PRI'E-TRESS, n. A female who has the exclusive *e 
gal right to a thing.-— L' Estrange. 

PRO-PRl'E-TY, n. [Ft. propriete; L. proprietas.] 1. Prima- 
rily, property; peculiar or exclusive right of possession; 
ownership. — Milton ; [obs.] 2. Fitness ; suitableness ; ap- 
propriateness ; consonance with established principles, 
rules, or customs ; justness ; accuracy. 3. Proper state. 

PRO-PROCTOR, n. In the English universities, an assist- 
ant proctor. — Hook. 

PROPT. See Propped. 

PRO-PuGN' (pro-pune'), v. t. [L. propugno.] To contend 
for ; to defend ; to vindicate. — Hammond. [Little used.] 

t PRO-PUG'NA-€LE, n. [L. propugnaculum.] A fortress. 

t PRO-PUG-Na'TION, n. [L. propugnatio.] Defense. 

PRO-PuGN'ER (pro-pun'er), n. A defender ; a vindicator. 

PRO-PuGN'ING, ppr. Contending for ; defending. 

PRO-PUL-Sa'TION, n. [L. propulsatio.] The act of driving 
away or repelling ; the keeping at a distance. 

PRO-PULSE' (pro-puls'), v. t. [L. propulso.] To repel ; to 
drive ott". — Cotgrave. [Little used.] 

PRO-PUL'SION (-shun), n. [L. propulsus.] The act of driv- 
ing forward. — Bacon. 

PRO-PUL'SIVE, a. Tending or having power to repel. 

PRO-PY-LjE'UM, n. [L. ; Gr. -npoTrvXaiov.) In ancient archi- 
tecture, any court or vestibule before a building, or before 
its principal part ; more particularly, the entrance to such 
court or vestibule. — Gwilt. 

PROP'Y-LON, n. [Gr. irpoirv'Xov, irpo, and ■nv'Xr), a gate.] The 
porch, vestibule, or entrance of an edifice.-— Russell. 

PRO Ra'TA. [L.] In proportion. 

PRoRE, n. [L. prora.] The prow or fore-part of a ship. 
Pope. [Not in use except in poetry.] 

PRO RE NA'TA. [L.] According to exigences or circum- 

PRO-REPTION, n. [from L. prorepo.] A creeping on. 

PRO-RO-Ga'TION, n. [L. prorogatio.] 1. Continuance in 
time or duration ; a lengthening or prolongation of time.— 
South ; [rare.] — 2. In England, the continuance of Parlia 
ment from one session to another, as an adjournment is a 
continuance of the session from day to day. 

PRO-RoGUE' (pro-rogO, v. t. [Fr. proroger ; L. prorogo.] 1. 
To protract; to prolong; [rare.] 2. To defer; to delay ; 
[rare.] 3. To continue the Parliament from one session 
to another. " Parliament is prorogued by the royal au- 
thority." 

PRO-RoGU-ED' (pro-rogd'), pp. Prolonged; continued from 
one session to another. 

PRO-RUP'TION, n. [L. proruptus.] The act of bursting 
forth j a bursting out. — Brown. 

PRO-Sa'IC, a. [L. prosaicus ; Fr. prosaique.] 1. Pertaining 
to prose ; resembling prose ; not restricted by numbers 
2. Dull; uninteresting. — Ed. Rev. 

PRO-Sa'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a prosaic or dull mannor. 

PRo'SA-ISM, n. That which is in the form of prose writing 
— Coleridge. 

PRo'SA-IST, n. A writer of prose. 

t PRo'SAL, a. Prosaic. — Brown. 

PRO-SCE'NI-UM, n. [Gr. np. and okvvyi-] 1. In the ancient 
theatre, the whole of the stage.. -2. In the modern theatre, 
the frontispiece or front part of the stage, where the drop- 
scene separates the stage from the audience.— Brande. 



• v See Synopsis. I, E, I, &.C., long.—L, fi, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BtRD ;- -MOVE, BQOK. 



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789 



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PRO-S€R"iBE', v. t. [L. proscribo.] 1. To put one out of the 
protection of law, and promise a reward for his head. 2. 
To put out of the protection of the law, without such a 
promise. 3. To denounce and condemn as dangerous and 
pot worthy of reception ; to reject utterly, as doctrines. 
4. To censure and condemn as utterly unworthy of use, 
reception, &c. — Syn To outlaw; doom; banish; inter- 
dict ; prohibit ; forbid. 

PRO-SCRIB.ED' (pro-skribu), pp. or a. Doomed to destruc- 
tion ; denounced as dangerous, or as unworthy of recep- 
tion ; condemned; banished. 

PRO-SGRlB'ER, n. One who dooms to destruction ; one 
who denounces as dangerous, or as utterly unworthy of 
reception. 

PRO-S€RlBTNG, ppr. Dooming to destruction ; denounc- 
ing as unworthy of protection or reception ; condemning ; 
banishing. 

PRO-SCRIPTION, n. [L. proscriptio.] 1. The act of pro- 
scribing or dooming to death ; among the Romans, the pub- 
lic offer of a reward for the head of a political enemy. 2. 
A putting out of the protection of law ; condemning to ex- 
ile. 3. Censure and condemnation ; utter rejection. 

PRO-SCRIPTlVE, a. Pertaining to or consisting in pro- 
scription ; proscribing. — Burke. 

PRoSE, n. [L., It., Sp. prosa ; Fr. prose.] 1. The natural lan- 
guage of man ; language loose and unconfined to poetical 
measure, in distinction from verse. — 2. In the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, a hymn introduced into the mass on certain 
festival days; [see Sequence.] — Prose is sometimes used 
adjectively ; as, prose writings. 

PRoSE, v. t. 1. To write in prose.— Milton. 2. To make a 
tedious relation. — Mason. 

PROS'E-€UTE, v. t. [L. prosecutus.] 1. To follow or pur- 
sue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish ; to com- 
mence or continue endeavors to obtain or complete ; to 
persist in or continue efforts already begun. 2. To seek 
to obtain by legal process. 3. To accuse of some crime 
or breach of law. or to pursue for redress or punishment, 
before a legal tribunal. 

PROS'E-€UTE, v. i. To carry on a legal prosecution ; as, 
to prosecute for public offenses. — Blackstone. 

PROS'E-€U-TED, pp. Pursued, or begun and carried on 
for execution or accomplishment, as a scheme; pursued 
for redress or punishment in a court of law, as a person ; 
demanded in law, as a right or claim. 

PROS'E-€U-TING, ppr. or a. Pursuing, or beginning and 
carrying on for accomplishment ; pursuing for redress 
or punishment ; suing for, as a right or claim. 

PROS-E-€u'TION, n. 1. The actor process of endeavoring 
to gain or accomplish something ; pursuit by efforts of 
body or mind. 2. The institution and carrying on of a 
suit in a court of law or equity to obtain some right, or to 
redress and punish some wrong. 3. The institution or 
commencement and continuance of a criminal suit ; the 
process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender 
before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judg- 
ment. 

PROS'E-OU-TOR, n. 1. One who pursues or carries on 
any purpose, plan, or business. 2. The person who in- 
stitutes and carries on a criminal suit in a legal tribunal, 
or one who exhibits criminal charges against an offender. 

PROS'E-LyTE, n. [Ft. proselyte; It. prosolita ; Gr. npou- 
tjXvTos.] A new convert to some religion or religious sect, 
or to some particular opinion, system, or party. 

PROS'E-LYTE, v.t. To make a convert to some religion, 
or to some opinion or system. — Macknight. 

PROS'E-LY-TED, pp. or a. Made a convert to some religion. 

PROS'E-LY-TING, ppr. or a. Making converts. 

PROS'E-LyT-ISM, n. 1. The making of converts to a re- 
ligion or religious sect, or to any opinion, system, or party. 
— Burke. 2._ Conversion to a system or creed. 

PROS'E-LyT-iZE, to make converts, or to convert, is not 
well authorized, or not in common use, and is wholly un- 
necessary. 

r PRO-SEM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. proscminatus.] Propagation 
by seed. — Hale. 

PROS-EN-NE-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. npos, evvea, and (Spa.] 
In crystallography, having nine faces on two adjacent parts 
of the crystal. [Not used.] 

PRoS'ER, n. 1. A writer ot prose.— Drayton. 2. One who 
dwells with tedious minuteness on uninteresting matters. 

PROSING, ppr. or a. Talking or writing in a dull, unin- 
teresting manner. 

PRoS'ING, n. Dull, tedious minuteness in speech or writing. 

PRO-SLaV'ER-Y, a. In favor of slavery. 

PRo'SY, a. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing. 

* PRO-SO'DI-AL, } a. Pertaining to prosody, or the quanti- 
PR.O-SOD'I€-AL, > ty and accents of syllables ; according 

to the rules of prosody. 

* PRO-So'DI-AN, n. One skilled in prosody, or in the rules 

of pronunciation and metrical composition. 
PBOS'O-DIST, n. One who understands prosody. 
PROS'O-DY, n. [Fr. prosodie ; L. prosodia.] That part of 



grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of ac- 
cent, and of the laws of versification. 
PROS-O-PO-LEP'SY, n. [Gr. vpocwnohixpia.] Respect ol 
persons ; more particularly, a premature opinion or preju- 
dice against a person, formed by a view of his external 
appearance. — Addison. 
PROS-0-PO-P02'[A,?t. [Gr.7rpoffW7ro7roi(a.] A figure in rhetor 
ic by wliich things are represented as persons, or by which 
things inanimate are spoken of as animated beings, or by 
which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or a 
deceased person is represented as alive and present. 

PROS'PECT, n. [L. prospectus.} 1. View of things within 
the reach of the eye. 2. View of things to come ; intel- 
lectual sight ; expectation. 3. That which is presented to 
the eye, as a scene or landscape ; the place and the ob- 
jects seen. 4. Object of view. 5. View delineated ot 
painted; picturesque representation of a landscape. G. 
Place which affords an extended view. 7. Position of the 
front of a building. 8. Expectation, or ground of expecta 
tion. 9. A looking forward ; a regard to something fu 
ture ; [rare.) 

PRO-SPEC'TION, n. The act of looking forward, or of pro- 
viding for future wants.— Paley. 

PRO-SPE€T'l VE, a. 1. Looking forward in time ; regard- 
ing the future ; opposed to retrospective. — W. Jay. 2. Act 
ing with foresight. — Child. 3. Pertaining to a prospect ; 
viewing at a distance.— Milton. 4. Furnishing with an ex- 
tensive prospect. — Dwight. 

PRO-SPECT'lVE, n. The scene before or around us.— 
Rich. Diet. 

PRO-SPEGT'iVE-LY, adv. With reference to the future. 

PRO-SPE€T'i VE-NESS, n. State of being prospective. 

PRO-SPE€T'US, n. [L.] The plan of a literary work, con- 
taining the general subject or design, with the manner 
and terms of publication, and sometimes a specimen of it. 

PROS'PER, v. t. [L. prospcro.] To favor ; to render sue 
cessful.— Dry den. 

PROS'PER, v. i. 1. To be successful : to succeed. 2. To 
grow or increase ; to flourish ; to thrive ; to make gain. 

PROS'PER2?D, pp. Having success ; favored. 

PROS'PER-ING, ppr. Rendering successful ; advancing in 
growth, wealth, or any good. 

PROS-PER'I-TY, n. [L. prosperitas.] Advance or gain in 
any thing good or desirable ; successful progress in any 
business or enterprise ; attainment of the object desired. 
— Syn. Success ; good fortune ; thrift ; prosperousness : 
weal ; welfare ; well-being ; happiness. 

PROS'PER-OUS, a. [L. prosperus.] 1. Advancing in the 
pursuit of any thing desirable ; making gain or increase ; 
characterized by success. 2. Favoring success ; as, pros 
perous gales. — Syn. Successful ; flourishing ; thriving ; fa 
vorable ; fortunate ; auspicious ; lucky. 

PROS'PER-OUS-LY, adv. With gain or increase ; success 
fully. — Bacon. 

PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being successful ; 
prosperity. 

PRO-SPi"CIENCE (-spish'ens), n. [L.prospiciens.] The act 
of looking forward. — Diet. 

PROSS, n. Talk ; conversation, rather of the gossiping 
kind. — Brockett. 

PROS'TaTE, a. [from Gr. npotoTrjixi.] In anatomy, the pros- 
tate gland is a gland situated just before the neck of the 
bladder in males, and surrounding the beginning of the 
urethra. 

PROS-TER-Na'TION, n. [L. prosterno.) A state of being 
cast down ; dejection ; depression. [Little used.] 

PROS'THE-SIS, n. [Gr.] 1. In surgery, the addition of an 
artificial part to supply a defect of the body ; as a wooden 
leg, <fec. — 2. In medicine, an overlapping ; as, the prosthesis 
of one febrile period upon another. — 3. In grammar, a fig- 
ure consisting in prefixing one or more letters to the be 
ginning of a word, as Moved. 

PROS-THET'IC, a. [Gr. TrpoodeToi.] Prefixed, as a letter to 
a word. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, v. t. [L. prostituo.] 1. To offer freely to * 
lewd use, or to indiscriminate lewdness. 2. To give up 
to any vile or infamous purpose ; to devote to any thing 
base ; to sell to wickedness. 3. To offer or expose upon 
vile terms or to unworthy persons. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, a. Openly devoted to lewdness ; sold to 
wickedness or to infamous purposes. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, n. 1. A female given to indiscriminate 
lewdness ; a strumpet. 2. A base hireling ; a mercena- 
ry; one who offers himself to infamous employments for 
hire. 

PROS'TI-TU-TED, pp. or a. Offered to common lewdness ; 
devoted to base purposes. 

PROS'Tl-TU-TING, ppr. Offering to indiscriminate lewd- 
ness ; devoting to infamous uses. 

PROS-TI-TO'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. prostituo.] 1. The act or 
practice of offering the body to an indiscriminate inter- 
course with men ; common lewdness of a female. 2. 
The act of setting one's 6elf to sale, or of devoting to i»" 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in th*s. f Obsolete 



PRO 



790 



PRO 



famous purposes what is in one's power ; as, the prostitu- 
tion of genius, of the press, &c. 

PROSTITUTOR, n. One who prostitutes ; one who sub- 
mits himself or offers another to vile purposes. 

PROSTRATE, a. [L. prostratus.] 1. Lying at length, or 
with the body extended on the ground or other surface. 
2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. 3. Lying in the pos- 
ture of humility or adoration. 

PROSTRATE, v. t. 1. To lay flat ; to throw down. 2. To 
throw down ; to overthrow ; to demolish ; to ruin ; to 
overturn, as law or order. — 3. To prostrate one's self, to 
throw one's self down or to fall in humility or adoration. 
4. To bow in humble reverence. 5. To sink totally; to 
reduce, as one's vital powers. 

PROSTRATED, pp. or a. Laid at length ; laid flat ; thrown 
down; destroyed. 

PROSTRATING,^. Laying flat; throwing down ; de- 
stroying. 

PROSTRATION, n. 1. The act of throwing down or lay- 
ing flat. 2. The act of falling down, or the act of bowing 
in humility or adoration ; primarily, the act of falling on 
the face. 3. Great depression ; dejection. — 4. In medicine, 
a latent, not an exhausted state of the vital energies ; great 
oppression of natural strength and vigor ; that state of the 
body in disease in which the system is oppressed. 

PRo'STfLE, n. [Gr. Trpoarv Ao?.] In architecture, a portico 
in which the columns stand in advance of the building to 
which they belong. — Gwilt. 

PRo'SY, a. 1. Like prose. 2. Dull. 

PRO-SYL'LO-GlSM, n. [pro and syllogism.] Aprosyllogism 
is when two or more syllogisms are so connected that the 
conclusion of the former is the major or minor of the fol- 
lowing. 

PRO-TACTIC, a. Protactic persons, in plays, are those 
who give a narrative or explanation of the piece. 

PRO TAN'TO. [L.] For so much. 

* PROT'A-SIS, n. [Gr. -nporaais.] L A proposition ; a max- 
im. Johnson. — 2. In the ancient drama, the first part of a 
comic or tragic piece, in which the several persons are 
shown, their characters intimated, and the subject pro- 
posed and entered on. 3. The subordinate member of a 
sentence, generally of a conditional sentence ; opposed to 



PRO-TAT'I€, a. [Gr. irpoTariKos.] Being placed in the be- 
ginning ; previous. — Dryden. 

PRo'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to Proteus ; readily assuming 
different shapes. See Proteus. 

PROTECT', v. t. [L. protectus.] To cover from danger or 
injury ; to throw a shelter over ; to keep in safety. — Syn. 
To shield ; defend ; guard ; preserve ; save ; secure ; har- 
bor ; shelter ; patronize ; countenance ; foster. 

PRO-TEGT'ED, pp. or a. Covered or defended from in- 
jury ; preserved in safety. 

PROTECTING, ppr. or a. Shielding from injury ; defend- 
ing ; preserving in safety. 

PROTECT'ING-LY, adv. By protection ; in the way of 
protection. — Carlyle. 

PROTECTION, n. 1. The act of protecting or preserving 
from evil, loss, injury, or annoyance. 2. That which pro- 
tects or preserves from injury. 3. A writing that pro- 
tects ; a passport or other writing which secures from 
molestation. 4. Exemption, as from molestation or ar- 
rest.— Syn. Preservation ; defense ; guard ; shelter ; ref- 
uge ; security ; safety. 

PROTECTION-IST, n. One who favors the protection of 
some branch of industry by legal enactments. 

PROTECTIVE, a. Affording protection; sheltering; de- 
fensive. — Thomson. 

PRO-TECT'OR, n. [Fr. protecteur.] 1. One who defends or 
shields from injury, evil, or oppression ; a defender ; a 
guardian ; a preserver. — 2. In England, one who former- 
ly had the care of the kingdom during the king's minori- 
ty ; a regent. Hence the title was taken by Cromwell 
when he assumed the government of England. — 3. In 
Roman Catholic countries, every nation and every religious 
order has a protector residing at Rome. 

PROTECT'OR-ATE, n. 1. Government by a protector ; 
[applied particularly to the government of England by 
Cromwell.] — 2. In recent usage, the authority assumed by 
a superior power over an inferior or dependent one. 

PROTECT'OR-LESS, a. Having no protector.— Carlyle. 

PROTE€To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a protector. 

PROTECTOR-SHIP, n. The office of a protector or re- 
gent. — Burnet. 

PROTECTRESS, n. A woman or female who protects 
PRO-TE-6E' (pro-te-zhaO, n. [Fr.] One under the care 

and protection of another. 
PRo'TE-IN, n. [Gr. -xpioTos.] A gelatinous, semitransparent 
substance obtained from albumen, fibrin, or casein, and 
considered the basis of animal tissue and of some sub- 
stances of vegetable origin. — Graham. 
PRO TEMPO-RE. [L.] For the time being, as a tempo- 
rary supply or provision. 



PRO-TEND', v. t. [L. protendo.] To hold out ; to stretch 
forth. — Dryden. 

PROTEND'ED, pp. Reached or stretched forth.— Mitford. 

PRO-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching forth. 

t PRO-TENSE' (pro-tens'), n. Extension.— Spenser. 

PRO-TERV'I-TY, n. [L. protervitas.] Peevishness ; petu- 
lance. [Little used.] 

PRO-TEST', v. i. [L. protestor ; Fr. protester.] 1. To affirm 
with solemnity ; to make a solemn declaration of a fact or 
opinion. 2. To make a solemn declaration expressive of 
opposition : used with against. 3. To make a formal dec- 
laration in writing against a public law or measure. — Syn. 
To affirm ; asseverate ; assert ; aver ; attest ; testify ; de- 
clare ; profess. 

PRO-TEST', v. t. 1. To make a solemn declaration or af- 
firmation of, as one's innocence. 2. To call upon as a 
witness ; as, " Protesting fate supreme." — Milton. 3. To 
prove; to show ; to give evidence of; [obs.] — 4. In com 
merce, to protest a bill of exchange, is for a notary public, at 
the request of the payee, to make a formal declaration, 
under hand and seal, against the drawer of the bill, on ac- 
count of non-acceptance or non-payment, for exchange, 
cost, commissions, damages, and interest. 

* PROTEST, n. 1. A solemn declaration of opinion, com 
monly against some act ; a formal and solemn declaration 
made in writing by a minority of a deliberative body to 
testify their dissent from the proceedings of a majority. — 
2. In commerce, a formal declaration made by a notary pub- 
lic, under hand and seal, at the request of the payee or hold- 
er of a note of hand or bill of exchange, for non-acceptance 
or non-payment of the same ; also, a solemn declaration 
made by the master of a vessel before the proper officer 
as to the untoward events of a voyage, &c. 

PROTEST-ANT, a. Pertaining to those who, at the ref- 
ormation of religion, protested against a decree of Charles 
V. and the Diet of Spires ; pertaining to Protestants or to 
Protestantism. 

PROT'EST-ANT, n. One of the party who adhered to Lu- 
ther at the Reformation, and in 1529 protested against a 
decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, 
and appealed to a general council. The application of the 
term is now extended so as to embrace the various de- 
nominations of Christians which have sprung from the 
adoption of the principles of the Reformation. 

PROT'EST-ANT-ISM, n. The Protestant religion. 

t PROTEST-ANT-LY, adv. In conformity to the Protestants. 

PROT-ESTI'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A solemn declaration of a 
fact, opinion, or resolution. 2. A solemn declaration of 
dissent; a protest. — 3. In law, a declaration in pleading, 
by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or de- 
nial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist 

PROT'ESTa-TOR, n. One who protests. 

PROTESTED, pp. or a. Solemnly declared or alleged ; 
declared against for non-acceptance or non-payment. 

PRO-TESTER, n. 1. One who protests ; one who utters a 
solemn declaration. 2. One who protests a bill of ex 
change. 

PRO-TESTING, ppr. Solemnly declaring or affirming ; de- 
claring against for non-acceptance or non-payment. 

PRO-TESTING-LY, adv. By way of protesting. 

PRo'TE-US, n. [L.] In mythology, a marine deity, the son 
of Oceanus and Tethys, whose distinguishing character- 
istic was the faculty of assuming different shapes ; hence, 
any one who hastily changes his principles. 

PRo'TE-US, n. LA term applied to a genus of amphibious 
reptiles, allied to the siren, salamanders, and frogs. 2. A 
name given to a genus of homogeneous infusoria. 

PROTH'E-SIS, n. [Gr.] The place in a- church in which 
the elements for the eucharist are put previous to their 
being placed on the altar ; called, also, credence. — Hook. 

PR.OTHON'0-TA-RY, n. [Low L. protonotarius.] 1. Orig- 
inally, the chief notary ; and, anciently, the title of the 
principal notaries of the emperors of Constantinople. — 2. 
In England, an officer in the Court of King's Bench and 
Common Pleas. — 3. In some of the United States, a register 
or clerk of a court. — Apostolical prothonotaries, certain 
officers of the papal court, having precedence of the other 
notaries. 

PROTHON'OTA-RY-SHIP, n. The office of a prothonotary 
[Uncommon.] 

PRO-THo'RAX, n. [Gr. tt/jo and ^wp«^.] In entomology, the 
first or anterior seement of the thorax in insects. — Bra?ide 

PRo'TO-COL, n. [Low L. protocollum.] 1. The original 
copy of any writing.— Ayliffe. 2. The minutes or rougl' 
draft of an instrument or transaction. 

PR5TO-COL-IST, n. In Russia, a register or clerk. 

PRo'TO dINE. n. A kind of talcose granite.— Dan a. 

PRo'TO-MaRTYR (-mar-tur), n. [Gr. irpwros and ^oprup.j 
1. The first martyr ; [a term applied to Stephen.] 2. Thf 
first who suffers or is sacrificed in any cause. 

PR5TO-PLAST, n. [Gr. Ttpwrof and TrXaaroS-] The orig 
inal ; the thing first formed, as a copy to be imitated 

PRO-TO-PLASTIC, a. First formed.— Howell. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long.— a, e, 3f, &c, short.— F XR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BQQK, 



PRO 



791 



PRO 






PRoTO-PoPE, n. [Gr. irpwros, and papa, father.] In Russia, 
the imperial confessor, a high officer in the Greek Church. 
—Tooke. 

PRo'TO-SALT, n. In clumistry, a salt containing a metallic 
protoxyd.— Silliman. 

PRO-TO-SUL'PHATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of sul- 
phuric acid with a protoxyd. 

PRo'TO-TyPE, n. [Fr. ; Gr. Tr/JwroruTro?.] An original or 
model after which any thing is formed ; the pattern of 
any thing to be engraved, cast, <fcc. ; exemplar ; archetype. 

P RO-TOX 7 YD, n. [Gr. vpuros and o^s.J A compound of 
one equivalent of oxygen, with one equivalent of a base, 
and destitute of acid properties. 

PRO-TOX'YD-lZE, v. t. To convert into a protoxyd. 

PRO-TO-Zo'A, n. pi. [Gr. npuroi and ^ua.] The infusoria, 
or lowest class of animalcules ; the term is sometimes ap- 
plied to all the lower animals in which no nerves have 
been detected. — Dana. 

PRO-TRACT, v. t. [L. protractus.] 1. To draw out or 
lengthen in time ; to continue ; to prolong. 2. To delay ; 
to retard ; to defer ; to put off to a distant time. 

fr PRO-TRACT, n. Tedious continuance. — Spenser. 

PRO-TRA€T'ED, pp. or a. Drawn out in time ; delayed. 

PRO-TRACTED-LY, adv. With protraction ; tediously. 

PRO-TRACTER n. One who protracts or lengthens in 
time. 

PRO-TRACTING, ppr. Drawing out or continuing in time ; 
delaying. 

PRO-TRACTTNG, n. In surveying, the same as protraction, 
which see. — Hutton. 

PROTRACTION, n. 1. The act of drawing out or contin- 
uing in time ; the act of delaying the termination of a 
thing. — 2. In surveying, the act of plotting or laying down 
on paper the dimensions of a field. — Hutton. 

PRO-TRACTIVE, a. Drawing out or lengthening in time ; 
prolonging ; continuing j delaying. — Dryden. 

PRO-TRACTOR, n. 1. He or that which protracts. 2. A 
mathematical instrument, used in drawing and plotting, 
or laying down and measuring angles on paper. 

PRO-TREP'TI€-AL, a. [Gr. TrporpeizTiKos .] Hortatory ; sua- 
sory ; intended or adapted to persuade. — Ward. [Rare.] 

PRO-TRuDE', v. t. [L. protrude.) 1. To thrust forward ; to 
drive or force along. 2. To thrust out, a3 from confine- 
ment. 

PRO-TRuDE', v. i. To shoot forward ; to be thrust forward. 
— Bacon. 

PRO-TRuDT:D, pp. or a. Thrust forward or out 

PRO-TRuDTNG, ppr. Thrusting forward or out. 

PRO-TRu'SILE, a. Capable ofbeing protruded and with- 
drawn. — Gardner. 

PRO-TRU'SION (-tru'zhun), n, The act of thrusting for- 
ward or beyond the usual limit ; the state of being pro- 
truded ; a thrusting or driving ; a push. — Locke. 

PItO-TRu'SlVE, a. Thrusting or impelling forward. 

PRO-TL"BER-ANCE, n. [L. protuberans.] A swelling or tu- 
mor on the body ; a prominence ; a bunch or knob. 

PRO-Tu'BER-ANT, a. Swelling; prominent beyond the 
suiTounding surface. 

PRO-TC'BER-ANT-LY, adv. In the way of protuberance. 

PRO-Tu'BER-aTE, v. i. [L. protubero.) To swell or be 
prominent beyond the adjacent surface ; to bulge out 

PRO-TU-BER-a'TION, n. The act of swelling beyond the 
surrounding surface. — Cooke. 

PRO-Tu'BER-OUS, a. Protuberant— Smith. 

PROUD, a. [Sax. prut ; D. preutsch.) 1. Having inordinate 
self-esteem; possessing a high or unreasonable conceit of 
one's own excellence, either of body or mind ; conceited. 
2. Arrogant ; haughty ; supercilious. 3. Daring ; pre- 
sumptuous. 4. Lofty of mien ; grand of person. 5. 
Grand ; lofty ; splendid ; magnificent 6. Ostentatious ; 
grand. 7. Splendid ; exhibiting grandeur and distinction ; 
exciting pride. 8. Excited by the animal appetite.— 
Brown. 9. Fungous ; as, proud flesh. 

PROUD'LI-EST, adv. Most proudly.— Baxter. 

PROUD'LY, adv. With an inordinate self-esteem ; in a 
proud manner ; haughtily ; ostentatiously ; with lofty airs 
or mien. — Pope. 

PR5VA-BLE (proov'a-bl), a. That may be proved. 

PRO VA-BLY, adv. In a manner capable of proof. — Huloet. 

PROV^ir ' \ n - Provender or food. 

PROVE (proov). v. t. [Sa-a.profian ; D. proeven ; Dan. prOv- 
cr.] 1. To ascertain some unknown quality or truth by 
an experiment or by a test or standard. 2. To ascertain 
or render certain, as truth, reality, or fact by, testimony or 
other evidence. 3. To bring out truth by argument in- 
duction, or reasoning ; to deduce certain conclusions from 
propositions that are true or admitted. 4. To ascertain 
the genuineness or validity of, as a will or testament 5. 
To experience ; to gain certain knowledge by the opera- 
tion of something on ourselves, or by some act of our 
own. — 6. In arithmetic, to ascertain or render evident the 
correctness of any operation or result 7. To examine or 



subject to trial.— 8. Men prove God, when by their provo 
cations they put his patience to trial — Ps. xcr. ; or when 
by obedience they make trial how much he will counte- 
nance such conduct. Mai, iii. — Svx. To try ; test ; veri- 
fy ; justify ; confirm ; establish ; evince ; manifest : show ; 
demonstrate. 

PROVE, v. i. 1. To make trial ; to essay. — Dryden. 2. To 
be found or to have its qualities ascertained by experience 
or trial ; as, to prove useful. 3. To be ascertained by the 
event or something subsequent ; a.*, to prove incorrect 4. 
To be found true or correct by the result 5. To make 
certain ; to show ; to evince. 6. To succeed ; [obs.] 

PRoV_ED (proovd), pp. or a. Tried ; evinced ; experienced. 

PRO-VED'1-TOR. •/?. [luprovcditorc] A purveyor ; one em- 
ployed to procure supplies for an army. — Proveditor, in 
Venice and ether parts of Italy, is an officer who superin- 
tends matters of polic}". — Encyc. 

PROV'E-DORE, n. A purveyor ; one who procures pro- 
visions. 

PROVENCE-RoSE, n. A species of rose much valued for 
its beauty and fragrance. 

PRoY'£N (proov'n). A word used by Scottish writers for 
proved. 

PRO-VEN'CIAL (-final), a. [Fr. provencal.) Pertaining to 
Provence, in France. 

PR.0 VENDER, n. [Fr. provaidc; tiorm. provender.) 1. Dry 
food for beasts, usually meal, or a mixture of meal and cut 
straw or hay. 2. Provisions ; meat ; food. — Coze. 

PRO VENT, n. [L. proventus.] Provisions ; eatables. 

PROVER n. One who proves or tries ; that which proves 

PROVERB, n. [Fr. proverbe ; It. proverbio ; L. proverbium.] 
1. A short sentence often repeated, expressing a well- 
known truth or common fact, ascertained by experience 
or observation ; a wise or pithy saying. 2. A by-word ; a 
name often repeated; and hence, frequently, a reproach 
or object of contempt. Jer., xxiv. — 3. In Scripture, it some 
time signifies a moral sentence or saying that is enigmat- 
ical or" requires interpretation. Prov., i. — 4. Proverbs, a 
canonical book of the Old Testament. — Syn. Maxim ; aph- 
orism ; apophthegm ; adage ; saw. 

t PROVERB, v. t. 1. To mention in a proverb.— Milton. 2. 
To provide with a proverb. — Shak. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL, a. 1. Mentioned in a proverb. 2. Com- 
prised in a proverb ; used or current as a proverb. — Pope. 
3. Pertaining to proverbs ; resembling a proverb ; suitable 
to a proverb. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL-ISM, n. A proverbial phrase.— N. A. Rev. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL-IST, n. One who speaks proverbs. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL-IZE, v. t. To make a proverb ; to turn 
into a proverb, or to use proverbially. [Unusual] 

PRO-VERB'I-AL-LY, adv. In a proverb ; eo as to be a 
proverb. 

PRO-ViDE', v. t. [L.provideo ; It. provvedere.] 1. To procure 
beforehand ; to get ; to collect or make ready for future 
use ; to prepare. 2. To furnish ; to supply : followed by 
with. 3. To stipulate previously. 4. To make a previous 
conditional stipulation. 5. To foresee ; a Latinism ; [obs.] 
6. To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is va- 
cant; see Provisor. Prescott. — 7. Provide, in a transitive 
sense^ is followed by against or for. 

PRO-ViDE', v. i. To procure supplies or means of defense , 
or to take measures for counteracting or escaping an evil. 

PRO-VlD'ED, pp. 1. Procured beforehand ; made ready for 
future use : supplied ; furnished ; stipulated. 2. Stipulated 
as a condition, which condition is expressed in the follow 
ing sentence or words ; as, "provided that you go," L e., 
this being provided, viz., that you go. 

PROVI-DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. providentia.] 1. The act of 
providing or preparing for future use or application ; [rare.] 
— Bacon. 2. Foresight ; timely care, provision, or prep- 
aration. — 3. In theology, the care and superintendence 
which God exercises over his creatures ; hence, also, God 
viewed in this relation. 4. Prudence in the management 
of one's concerns or in private economy. 

PROVI-DENT, a. Foreseeing wants and making provision 
to supply them ; exercising~prudence in preparing for fu- 
ture exigencies. — Syn. Forecasting; cautious; careful; 
prudenls; frugal ; economical. 

PROV-I-DEN'TlAL (-final), a. Effected by the providence 
of God ; referable to Divine providence ; proceeding from 
Divine direction or superintendence. 

PROV-I-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. By means of God's provi- 
dence. 

PRO VI-DENT-LY, adv. With prudent foresight ; with wise 
precaution in preparing for the future. 

PRO-VID'ER, //. One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; 
one who procures what is wanted. — Shak. 

PRO-ViDTNG, ppr. Procuring beforehand ; supplying , 
.stipulating. 

PROVINCE, n. [Fr.; L. provincia.] 1. Among the Romans, 
a conquered country of considerable extent ; particularly, 
a conquered country, beyond the limits of Italy, which was 
subject to the Roman state. P. Cyc. — 2. Among the mod- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as .1 ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PRO 



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PRU 



ems, a country belonging to a kingdom or state either by 
conquest or colonization, usually situated at a distance 
from the kingdom or state, but more or less dependent on 
it or subject to it. 3. A division of a kingdom or state of 
considerable extent. 4. A region of country ; [in a gener- 
al sense ;] a tract ; a large extent. 5. The proper office 
or business of a person. 

PRO- VIN'CIAL (-shal), a. 1. Pertaining to a province, or 
relating to it. 2. Appendant to the principal kingdom or 
state. 3. Not polished ; rude ; as, provincial accents. — 
Swift. 4. Pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to 
the jurisdiction of an archbishop ; not ecumenical. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL, 7i. 1. Among the Roman Catholics, a mo- 
nastic superior who, under the general of his order, has 
the direction of all the religious houses of the same fra- 
ternity in a given district, called a province of the order. 
— Murdoch. 2. A person belonging to a province. — Burhe. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL-ISM. n. A peculiar word or manner of 
speaking in a province or disti-ict of country remote from 
the principal country or from the metropolis. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL-IST. n. One who lives in a province. 

PRO-VIN-CIAL'I-TY, n. Peculiarity of language in a prov- 
ince. — War ton. 

PRO-VIN'CIaTE, v. t. To convert into a province. [Rare.] 

PRO-VlNE', v. i. [Fr. provigner.] To lay a stock or branch 
of a vine in the ground for propagation. 

PROVING (proov'ing), ppr. Trying ; ascertaining ; evin- 
cing ; experiencing. 

PRO-Vi"SION (pro-vizh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. provisio.] 1. The 
act of providing or making previous preparation. 2. 
Things provided ; pi'eparation ; measures taken before- 
hand, either for security, defense, or attack, or for the 
supply of wants. 3. Stores provided ; stock. 4. Victuals ; 
food ; fare ; provender ; all manner of eatables for man 
and beast. 5. Previous stipulation ; terms or agreement 
made, or measures taken, for a future exigency. — 6. Among 
Roman Catholics, a nomination by the pope to an ecclesi- 
astical benefice previous to its becoming vacant, by which 
the right of patronage was suspended. — Hooh. 

PRO-Vl'SlON, v. t. To supply with victuals or food. 

PRO-Vi"SION-AL (pro-vizh'un-al), a. [Fr. provisionnel] Pro- 
vided for present need or for the occasion ; temporarily 
established ; temporary. 

PRO-VI 'SION-AL-LY (-vizh'un-), adv. By way of provision ; 
temporarily ; for the present exigency. — Locke. 

PRO-VI"SION-A-RY (-vizh'un-), a. Provisional; provided 
for the occasion ; not permanent. — Burke. 

PRO-VI"SION£D (-vizh'und), pp. Supplied with food. 

PRO-Vl"SION-ING, ppr. Furnishing with supplies of food. 

PRO-Vl'SO, n. [L. provisus.] An article or clause in any 
statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by 
which a condition is introduced ; a conditional stipulation. 

PRO-Vl'SOR, n. [Fr. proviseur.] 1. In Church affairs, a per- 
son appointed by the pope to a benefice before the death 
of the incumbent, and to the prejudice of the rightful pa- 
tron. 2. The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious 
house. 

PRO-Vi'SO-RY, a. 1. Making temporary provision ; tem- 
porary. 2. Containing a proviso or condition ; conditional. 

PROV-0-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. provocatio.] 1. Any thing 
that excites anger ; the cause of resentment. — 1 Kings, xxi. 
2. The act of exciting anger. 3. An appeal to a court or 
jud<re ; [obs.] 4. Incitement ; [obs.] 

PRO-VO'€A-TIVE, a. Exciting; stimulating; tending to 
awakeii or incite appetite or passion. 

PRO-V0'€A-Tf VE, n. Any thing that tends to excite appe- 
tite or passion ; a stimulant. 

PRO-VO'C A-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being provoca- 
tive or stimulating. 

PRO-VOK'A-BLE, a. That may be provoked.— Cudworth. 

PRO-VoKE', v. t. [L. provoco ; Fr. provoquer ; It. provocare ; 
Sp. provocar.] 1. To call forth or bring into action ; as, to 
provoke hostilities ; to provoke laughter ; to provoke appe- 
tite ; to provoke to love. 2. To make angry ; as, to provoke 
a pei-son. 3. To call forth to combat ; to challenge. Dry- 
den; [rare.] — Syn. To arouse; stir up; rouse; awake; 
cause ; excite ; move ; induce ; incite ; stimulate ; inflame ; 
offend ; irritate ; anger ; chafe ; exasperate ; incense ; en- 
rage. 

f PRO-VoKE', v. i. To appeal.— Dryden. 

PRO-VoKJED' (pro-vokf), pp. or a. Excited ; roused ; in- 
cited ; made angry ; incensed. 

PRO-VoK'ER, n. 1. One who excites anger or other pas- 
sion ; one who excites war or sedition. 2. That which 
excites, causes, or promotes. — Shak. 

PRO-VoKTNG, ppr. 1. Exciting into action ; inciting ; in- 
ducing by motives ; making angry. 2. a. Having the pow- 
er or quality of exciting resentment; tending to awaken 
passion. 

PRO-VOK'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite anger. 
PROVOST (prov'ust), n. [S-ax..profost,profast; T>;m.provst; 
G. probst, propst ; Arm. provost.] A person who is ap- 
pointed to superintend or preside over something ; as, the 



provost of a university ; the chief magistrate of a city or 
town. — Provost marshal, in an army or navy, an officer ap 
pointed to preserve order and discipline, take charge of 
offenders, conduct executions, &c. In the latter sense, 
usually pronounced pro-vo'. 
PROVOST-SHIP, n. The office of a provost.— Hakcwill. 

* PROW, n. [Fv.proue; It.prua and proda ; Sp. proa.] ] 

The fore-part of a ship. — 2. In seamen's language, the beak 

or pointed cutwater of a xebec or galley. 3. The name 

of a particular kind of vessel used in the East Indian seas. 

t PROW, a. [Fr. preux.] Valiant ; prowest, the most valiant 

* PROWESS, n. [Fr. prouesse ; It. prodezza.] Bravery; val- 

or ; particularly, military bravery ; gallantry ; intrepidity 
in war ; fearlessness of danger. 

t PROWEST, a. [superl. of prow.] Bravest.— Spenser. 

PROWL, v. t. To rove over.— Sidney. 

PROWL, v. i. 1. To rove or wander, particularly for prey, 
as a wild beast 2. To rove and plunder ; to prey ; to 
plunder. 

PROWL, n. A roving for prey ; colloquially, something to 
be seized and devoured. 

PROWL'Ett, n. One who roves about for prey. — Thomson. 

PROWLTNG, ppr. or a. Wandering about in search of 
prey or plunder. 

PROX'ENE, n. [Gr. npolcvoS-] In Grecian antiquities, an 
officer who had the charge of superintending strangers.- 
Brande. 

PROX'I-MAL. See Proximate. 

PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. proximus.] Having most intimate re- 
lation or connection. — Proximate principle, a name given 
to the distinct compounds which exist ready formed in 
animals and vegetables, such as albumen, fat, sugar, &c. — 
Syn. Nearest ; next ; closest ; immediate ; direct. 

PROX'I-MATE-LY, adv. Immediately ; by immediate rela- 
tion to or effect on. — Bentley. 

t PROX'lME, a. Next; immediately.— Watts. 

PROX-IM'I-TY, n. [Fr. proximite ; L. proximitas.] The state 
of being next ; immediate nearness, either in place, blood, 
or alliance. — Swift. 

PROX'Y, n. [contracted from procuracy.] 1. The agency 
of another who acts as a substitute for his principal ; agen- 
cy of a substitute ; appearance of a representative. 2. 
The person who is substituted or deputed to act for an- 
other ; as, to vote by proxy. — 3. A writing by which one 
person authorizes another to vote in his place. 4. In pop 
ular use in some of the states, an election or day of voting 
for officers of government. 

PROXY-SHIP, n. The office or agency of a proxy. 

t PRuCE, n. [from Prussia.] Prussian leather. — Dryden 

PRuDE, n. [Fr. prude ; D. preutsch.] A woman of great re- 
serve, coyness, affected stiffness of manners, and scrupu- 
lous nicety. — Swift. 

PRfj'DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L.prudentia; It. prudenza ; Sp. pru 
dencia.] Wisdom applied to practice. Prudence implies 
caution in deliberating and consulting on the most suita- 
ble means to accomplish valuable purposes, and the exer- 
cise of sagacity in discerning and selecting them. — Pru- 
dence differs from wisdom in this, that prudence implies 
more caution and reserve than wisdom, or is exercised 
more in foreseeing and avoiding evil, than in devising and 
executing that which is good. — Syn. Forecast; provi 
dence ; considerateness ; judiciousness ; discretion ; cau- 
tion ; circumspection ; judgment. 

PRO'DENT, a. 1. Practically wise ; careful of the conse- 
quences of enterprises, measures, or actions ; careful not 
to act when the end is of doubtful utility, or probably im 
practicable. 2. Dictated or directed by prudence. 3. Fore 
seeing by instinct ; as, the prudent crane. — Milton. 4. Prac- 
ticing" economy or frugality. 5. Wise ;- intelligent. — Syn. 
Cautious ; wary ; circumspect ; considerate ; discreet ; ju 
dicious ; provident ; economical ; frugal. 

PRU-DEN'TIAL (-shal), a. 1. Proceeding from prudence; 
dictated or prescribed by prudence. 2. Superintending 
the discretionary concerns of a society. [New England.] 

t PRU-DEN-TIAL'I-TY, n. The quality of being pruden- 
tial ; eligibility, on principles of prudence. — Brown. 

PRU-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In conformity with prudence ; 
prudently. — South. 

PRU-DEN'TIALS (-shalz), n. pi. 1. Maxims of prudence or 
practical wisdom. 2. The subordinate discretionary con- 
cerns and economy of a company, society, or corporation. 
[New England.] 

PRU'DENT-LY, adv. 1. With prudence ; with due caution 
or circumspection ; discreetly ; wisely. 2. With frugality ; 
economically. 

PRu'DER-Y, n. Affected scrupulousness ; excessive nicety 
in conduct ; stiffness ; affected reserve or gravity ; coy- 
ness. 

PRu'DISH, a. [from prude.] Affectedly grave ; very formal, 
precise, or reserved. — Garrick. 

PRO'DISH-LY, adv. In a prudish manner. 

PRU-T'NA, 7i. [L.] Hoarfrost. 

PROTN-OUS, a. Frosty. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, K, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQQK, 



PSA 



793 



PSY 



PRtlN-oSE, a. [L. pruinosus.] Hoary; covered with mi- 
nute dust, appealing as if frosted. — Humble. 

E'RuNE, v. t. 1. To lop or cut off the superfluous branches 
of trees, to make them bear better fruit or grow higher, or 
to give them a more handsome and regular appearance. 
2. To clear from any thing superfluous ; to dress ; to trim. 

PRUNE, v. i. To dress ; to prink. [A ludicrous word.} 

PRONE, n. [Fr. prune ; It., Sp.pruna ; L. prunum.] A dried 
plum ; sometimes a recent plum. — Bacon. 

PRl'NJED, pp. 1. Divested of superfluous branches; trim- 
med. 2. Cleared of what is unsuitable or superfluous. 

PRi/NEL, n. A plant.— Ainsworth. 

PRU-NEL'La, \n. A smooth woolen stuff, generally black, 

PRU-NEL'LO, > used for making shoes or garments. 

PRU-NEL'LO, n. [Fr. prunelle.) A species of dried plum. 

PRuN'ER, n. One who prunes trees or removes what is su- 
perfluous. 

PRU-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. prunum and fero.] Bearing plums. 

PRUNING, ppr. Lopping off superfluous branches ; trim- 
ming ; clearing off what is superfluous. 

PRuN'ING, n. In gardening and agriculture, the lopping 
off the superfluous branches of trees, either for improving 
the trees or their fruit. 

PPcDN'ING-HOOK, \n. An instrument used in pruning 

PRONTNG-KNlFE, 5 trees.— Dryden. 

PRuNTNG-SHeARS, n.pl. Shears for pruning trees, <fcc. 

PRu'RI-ENCE, 1 n. [L. pruriens.] An itching, longing de- 

PRu'RI-EN-CY, 5 sire or appetite for any thing.— Swift. 

PRultl-ENT, a. Itching ; uneasy with desire.— Warton. 

PRU-RIgTN-OUS, a. [L.pruriginosus.] Tending to prurigo. 

PRU-Rl'GO, 71. [L.] A peculiar papular eruption of the 
skin, attended with intolerable itching. 

PRfJS'SIAN (pru'shan. This has, till of late, been the uni- 
versal pronunciation, but in London prush'an has now be- 
come prevalent. — Smart), a. [from Prussia.] Pertaining 
to Prussia. — Prussian blue, a salt of iron, of a beautiful 
deep blue, much used as a pigment. 

PRuS'SIATE, n. A name first applied to Prussian blue, and 
subsequently to various salts, &c, containing cyanogen. 

PRuS'SIG, a. Prussic acid, a virulent poison, first obtained 
from Prussian blue, whence its name. The term has been 
extended to various substances containing cyanogen, and 
also to the poisonous principle in bitter almonds. 

PRY, v. i. To peep narrowly ; to inspect closely ; to attempt 
to discover something with scrutinizing curiosity, whether 
impertinently or not. 

PRY, n. 1. Narrow inspection; impertinent peeping. — 
Smart. 2. A lever ; a contraction, in America, for prize. 

PRY, v. t. To raise or attempt to raise with a lever. This 
is fiio common popular pronunciation of prize, in America. 
The lever used is also called a. pry. 

PRY'ING, ppr. or a. Inspecting closely ; looking into with 
curiosity. 

PRY'ING-LY, adv. With close inspection or impertinent 
curiosity. 

PRYT-A-NeTJM, n. [Gr. TzOvravtiov.] In Athens, a place 
where the prytanes and those who deserved well of then- 
country were maintained by the public. — Elmes. 

PRYT'A-NIS, 7i. ; pi. Prytanes. [Gr. npvravts.] In Athens, 
a member of one of the ten sections into which the senate 
of five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged 
the presidency of the senate for one tenth of the year. — 
Smith's Diet. 

PRYTA-NY, 7i. In Athens, the period during which the 
presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of one 
section. — Smith's Diet. 

[It is to be noted that, in words beginning with Ps and Pt, 
the letter p has no sound.] 

PSaLM (sam), n. [L. psalmus.] A sacred song or hymn ; a 
song composed on a Divine subject and in praise of God. 
— The Psalms, u canonical book of the Old-Testament. 

PSaLMTST (sam'ist), n. L A writer or composer of sacred 
songs ; a title particularly applied to David and the other 
authors of the Scriptural psalms. — 2. In the Roman Catho- 
lic Church, a clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music 
in the church. 

PSAL-MOD'IG-AL, > „ , „ , , 

PSAL-MODTC S a ' Re ' atin 8 to psalmody. — Warton. 

PfeAL'MO-DIST, n. One who sings holy songs. — Hammond. 

PSaLM'O-DY (sam'o-de or sal'mo^de), ». The act, practice, 
or art of singing sacred songs. 

PSAL-MOG'RA-PHER, )n. A writer of psalms or Divine 

PSAL-MOG'RA-PHIST, j songs and hymns. 
PSAL-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. u%zAf<o<; and yp;i#w.] The act 
or practice of writing psalms or sacred songs and hymns. 
PSALTER, (sawl'ter), n. [L. psalterium ; It., Sp. salterio.] 1. 
The book of Psalms; often applied to a book containing 
the Fsalms separately printed. — 2. In the Roman Catholic 
Church, a series of devout sentences or aspirations, 150 in 
number, in honor of certain mysteries, as the sufferings 
of Christ, <fcc. — Bp. Fitzpatrick. Also, a large rosary, con- 
sisting of a hundred and fifty beads, according to the num- 
ber of the psalms.— Encyc. Am. 



PSAL'TER-Y (sal'ter-e), n. [Gr. iPaXrnpiov.) A stringed in 
strument of music used by the Hebrews, the form of 
which is not now known. 

PSAM'MlTE, n. [Gr. if/ajinos-] A species of micaceous 
sandstone. — Brongniart. 

PSAM-MITIG (sam-ifik), a. Pertaining to psammite. 

PSAR'O-LlTE, n. A fossil plant— Lyell. 

PSEfj-DE-PIG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. \f,ev6nS and t-iypacpn.) The 
ascription of false names of authors to works. 

PSEu-Dl-SOD'O-MON, n. [Gr. ipsvSoi, false, noi, equal, and 
oopos, a building.] A mode of building in Greece, in which 
the heighth, length, and thickness of the courses differed. 
— Elmes. 

PSEu'DO (su'do). [Gr. xpsvSoS, falsity.] A prefix signifying 
false, counterfeit, or snurious. 

PSED'DO-A-POSTLE, n. A false apostle; one who falsely 
pretends to be an apostle. 

PSEu'DO-CHl'NA, n. [Gr. ibevSos, and Fr. quina, kina, or 
China, Peruvian bark.] The false China root, a plant of 
the genus smilax, found in America. Also, a species of 
strychnos and a species of solarium. In the spelling of this 
name ch and c are used indiscriminately. 

PSEtJ'DO-CLER'GY (su'do-), n. Not true clergy.— More. 

PSEU'DO-DIPTER-AL, a. or n. [Gr. tpevooi, 6i$, and tttx- 
pov.] In architecture, a term applied to a temple falsely or 
imperfectly dipteral, the inner range of columns surround- 
ing^ the cell being omitted. 

PSEu'DO-GA-Le'NA, 7i. False galena or black jack.— Urt. 

PSEu'DO-ME-TAL'LIG, a. Pseudo-metallic lustre is that 
which is perceptible only when held toward the lisjht. 

PSEu'DO-PE-RIPTER-AL, a. or n. [Gr. ipevSoc, -cpt, and 
irrepov.] In architecture, a term applied to a temple false- 
ly or imperfectly peripteral, having the columns at the 
sides attached to the walls, — Gloss, of Archit. 

PSEO'DO-PHl-LOS'O-PHER, n. A pretender to philoso- 
phy. 

PSEu'DO-PHl-LOS'0-PHY, n. False philosophy. 

TSEu"DO-RE-PUB'LI€-AN, n. Not a true republican.- 
Jefferson. 

PSEu'DO-TIN'E-A, 71. [Gr. ipevSog, false, and L.tinea, moth.] 
A name given to the larvae of certain moths, as the bee 
moth. 

PSEtJ'DO-VOL-€AN'I€, a. Pertaining to or produced by a 
pseudo-volcano. — Cleaveland. 

PSEu'DO-VOL-CI'NO, ti. A volcano that emits smoke 
and sometimes flame, but no lava ; also a burning mine 
of coal. 

PSEu-DO-BLEP'SIS, n. [Gr. ipcvSos and (3\eTraiS.] False or 
depraved sight ; imperfect vision of objects.— Forsyth. 

PSEU'DO-DOX (su'do-dox), a. [Gr. xpsvrios, false, and Sola, 
opinion.] False ; not true in opinion. 

PSEu'DO-GRAPH, \n. [Gr. ip E vSoS and YP'tfv-] Falfie 

PSEU-DOG'RA-PHY, 5 writing. 

PSEU-DOL'O-GY (su-dol'o-je), n. [Gr. xpevSoXoriu.) False- 
hood of speech. 

PSEuTDO-MORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. xpwSos and ^.op<br,.] Not 
having the true form ; applied to a crystal having a form 
which does not result from its own power of crystalliza- 
tion. — Dana. 

PSEU-DON'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. xhevoog, false, and ovopia, name.] 
Bearing a false or fictitious name. 

PSHAW, exclam. An expression of contempt, disdain, or 
dislike. 

PSI-LANTHRO-PIST, n. [Gr. \pi\oS and avOpwxoS.] One 
who believes that Christ was a mere man. — Smart. 

PSI-LOM'E-LANE, n. [Gr. \\n\os and peW] An ore of 
manganese, occurring in smooth, botryoidal forms, and 
massive, of a black color. — Dana. 

PSIL'O-THON (sil'o-thon), n. [Gr. from uWAow, to strip or 
peel.] A depilatory ; an application to take off the hair 
of an animal body. 

PSIT-Ta'CEOUS, \ a. [Gr. xpiTraKn-] Belonging to the par- 

PSITTA-CID, 5 rot tribe. 

PS5AS, 7i. [Gr.] The name of two inside muscles of the 
loins. 

PSo'RA, 7i. [Gr.] The itch. Also, any cutaneous disease. 

PSo'RIC, a. Pertaining to or connected with psora. 

PSY'€HI€-AL (sl'ke-kal), a. Pertaining to psychology. 

PSY-€HO-LOG'I€, ? a. Pertaining to a treatise on the 

PSY-€HO-LOG'I€-AL, 3 soul, or to the science of man's 
spiritual nature. — Literary Mag. 

PSY-€HO-LOG'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a psychological manner 

PSY-CHOL'O-GlST, 7i. One who is conversant with psy- 
chology. 

PSy-€HOL'0-GY (si-kol'o-je), n. [Gr. \pvxi and Aoyoj.] A 
discourse or treatise on the human soul ; the doctrine of 
man's spiritual nature. — Campbell. 

PSy-€HOMA-€HY (si-kom'a-ke), n. A conflict of the soul 
with the body. 

PSY'€HO-MAN-CY (siko-man-se), n. Divination by con- 
sulting the souls of the dead. 

PSY-€HROM'E-TER (si-krom'e-ter), n. [Gr. ipv\pos and 
Hirpov.] An instrument invented by Prof. August, of Ber- 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PUB 



794 



PUD 



lin, for measuring the tension of the aqueous vapor in the 
atmosphere. 

PTAR'MI-GAN (tar'me-gan), n. A bird of the grouse family, 
found in mountainous parts of Europe, Asia, and America. 

PTER-I-PLE-GlS'TI€, a. [Gr. nrepov and irXnaou.] Pertain- 
ing to fowling or shooting birds. 

PTER-O-DACTYL (ter-o-dak'tyl), n. [Gr. jrrtpoi/, awing, and 
SuktvXoS, a finger.] A saurian reptile ; the wing-toed or 
flying lizard, an animal of singular formation, now extinct. 
— Cuvicr. 

PTER'O-POD, n. [Gr. irreftov and iroda.] A name given to 
oceanic mollusks having broad, fleshy, wing-like append- 
ages in front as organs of motion. — Dana. 

PTER-OP'OD-OUS, a. Having the characters of a pteropod. 
— Humble. 

* PTIS'AN (tiz'an), n. [L. ptisana.] A decoction of barley 
with other ingredients. — Arbuthnot. 

PTOL-E-Ma'I€ (tol-), a. [from Ptolemy.] Pertaining to Ptol- 
emy. — The Ptolemaic system, in astronomy, is that main- 
tained by Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in 
the center of the universe, and that the heavens revolve 
around it. 

PTS"A-LISM (ti'a-lizm), n. [Gr. ^vaXta/ioS.] In medicine, 
salivation ; a morbid and copious excretion of saliva. — 
Coze. 

PTYS'MA-GOGUE (tiz'ma-gog), n. [Gr. Trrvajxa and cyw.] 
A medicine that promotes discharges of saliva. 

Pu'BER-AL, a. Pertaining to puberty. 

Pu'BER-TY, n. [L. pubertas.] The age at which persons 
are capable of procreating and bearing children. It is gen- 
erally estimated among us to be fourteen years for males 
and twelve for females. 

Pu'BES, n. [L.] In botany, the down of plants ; a downy 
or villous substance which grows on plants ; pubescence. 
— Martvn. 

PU-BES'CENCE, n. [L. pubescens.] 1. The state of a youth 
who has arrived at puberty, or the state of puberty. Brown. 
—2. In botany, the downy substance on plants. 

PU-BES'CENT, a. 1. Arriving at puberty. Brown.— 2. In 
botany, covered with pubescence. — 3. In zoology, covered 
with very fine recumbent short hairs. — Brande. 

PUB'L1€, a. [L. publicus ; Sp. publico ; It. pubblico ; Fr. pu- 
blique.] 1. Pertaining to a nation, state, or community ; 
extending to a whole people. 2. Common to many ; cur- 
rent or circulated among people of all classes ; general. 
3. Open to all ; notorious. 4. Regarding the community ; 
directed to the interest of a nation, state, or community. 
5. Open for general entertainment. 6. Open to common 
use. — 7. In general, public expresses something common 
to mankind at large, to a nation, state, city, or town, and is 
opposed to private. — Public law is often synonymous with 
the law of nations. 

PUB'LIC, n. The general body of mankind, or of a nation, 
state, or community ; the people, indefinitely. — In public, 
in open view ; before the people at large ; not in private. 

PUBLIC-HEARTED, a. Public-spirited.— Clarendon. 

PUBLIC HOUSE, n. An ordinary inn or house of enter- 
tainment. — Booth, 

PUB'LI€-MTND'ED, a. Disposed to promote the public in- 
terest. [Little used.] 

PUB'LIC-MiND'ED-NESS, n. A disposition to promote the 
public weal or advantage. — South. [Little used.] 

PUB'LIC OR'A-TOR, n. In the English universities, an 
officer who is the voice of the university on all public oc- 
casions, who writes, reads, and records all letters of a 
public nature, presents with an appropriate address those 
on whom honorary degrees are conferred, &c. — Cam-. Cal. 
— Oxford Guide. 

PUB'LI€-SPlR'IT-ED, a. 1. Having or exercising a dispo- 
sition to advance the interest of the community ; disposed 
to make private sacrifices for the public good. 2. Dictated 
by a regard to public good. 

PUB'LI€-SPiR'IT-ED-LY, adv. With public spirit. 

PUB'LIC-SPIRTT-ED-NESS, n. A disposition to advance 
the public good, or a willingness to make sacrifices of pri- 
vate interest to promote the common weal. 

PUB'LI-€AN, n. [L. publicanus.] 1. A collector of toll or 
tribute. 2. The keeper of an inn or public house.— In 
England, one licensed to retail beer, spirits, or wine. 

PUB-LI-CI'TION, n. [L. publicatio.] 1. The act of publish- 
ing or ottering to public notice ; notification to a people at 
large, either by words, writing, or printing ; proclamation ; 
divulgation ; promulgation. 2. The act of ottering a book 
or writing to the public by sale or by gratuitous distribu- 
tion. 3. A work printed and published ; any pamphlet or 
book offered for sale or to public notice. 

PUB'LI-CIST, n. A writer on the laws of nature and na- 
tions ; one who treats of the rights of nations. — Kent. 

PUB-LIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. publicity] The state of being public 
or open to the knowledge of a community ; notoriety. 

PUB'LI€-LY, adv. 1. Openly ; with exposure to popular 
view or notice ; without concealment. 2. In the name of 
the community. 



PUB'LI€-NESS, n. 1. The state of being public, or open to 
the view or notice of people at large ; publicity. 2. State 
of belonging to the community. 

PUB'LISH, v. t. [Fr. publier ; Sp. publicar ; It. pubblicare ; L. 
publico.] 1. To make known to mankind or to people in 
general what before was private or unknown. 2. To send 
a book into the world ; or to sell or offer for sale a book, 
map, or print. 3. To utter ; to put off or into circulation. 
— Laws of Mass. 4. To make known by posting, or by 
reading in a church ; as, to publish the intention of mar- 
riage. — Syn. To proclaim ; announce ; advertise ; declare ; 
promulgate ; disclose ; divulge ; reveal. 

PUB'LISH^D (pub'lisht), pp. or a. Made known to the 
community ; divulged ; promulgated ; proclaimed. 

PUB'LISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes known what was 
before private or unknown ; one who divulges, promul- 
gates, or proclaims. 2. One who sends a book or writing 
into the world for common \ise ; one who offers a book, 
pamphlet, &c, for sale. 3. One who utters, passes, or 
puts into circulation a counterfeit paper. 

PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. or a. Making known; divulging; pro- 
mulgating ; proclaiming ; selling or offering publicly for 
sale ; uttering. 

PUB'LISH-MENT, n, In popular usage in New England, a 
notice of intended marriage. 

PUC-COON', n. A red, vegetable pigment used by the North 
American Indians, and also the plant from which it is ob 
_tained, generally considered the blood-root. — P. Cyc. 

PuCE, a. Of a dark-brown or brownish-purple color. 

Pu'CEL-AGE, n. [Fr.] A state of virginity. [Little used.] 

PO'CE-RON, n. [Fr.] The French name of a tribe of small 
insects ; the aphis, vine-fretter, or plant-louse. 

PU€K, n. [Ice.. Sw. puke; Scot. puck.] In the mythology of 
the Middle Ages, a celebrated fairy, the " merry wanderei 
of the night," whose character and attributes are depicted 
in the Midsummer Night's Dream of Shakspeare ; also called 
Robin Good-fellow and Friar Rush. 

PU€K'-BALL, *7i. [from puck.] A kind of mushroom full 

PUCK'-FIST, $ of dust.— Diet. 

PU€K'ER, v. t. [Sp. buche.] To gather into small folds or 
wrinkles ; to contract into ridges and furrows ; to corru- 
gate. [Inelegant.] 

PU€K'ER, 77. A fold or wrinkle, or a collection of folds. 

PUCK'ERED, pp. or a. Gathered in folds ; wrinkled. 

PU€K'ER-ING, ppr. Wrinkling. 

PUD'DER, n. [this is supposed to be the same as pother.] A 
tumult ; a confused noise ; a bustle. — Locke. [ Vulgar.] 

PUD'DER, v. i. To make a tumult or bustle. — Locke. 

PUD'DER, v. t. To perplex ; to embarrass ; to confuse ; 
vulgarly, to bother. —Locke. 

PUD'DER£D, pp. Perplexed; bothered. 

PUD'DER-ING, ppr. Perplexing; confusing. 

PUD'DING, n. [W. poten ; Fr. boudin ; G., Dan. pnadtig , 
Sw. puding.] 1. A species of food of a soft or moderate- 
ly hard consistence, variously made, but usually a com- 
pound of flour, or meal of maize, with milk and eggs, 
sometimes enriched with raisins and called plum-pudding. 
2. An intestine.— Shak. 3. An intestine stuft'ed with meat, 
fee, now called a sausage. — 4. Proverbially, food or vict- 
uals. 

PUD'DING, In. In seamen's language, a quantity of 

PUD'DJSN-ING, ) yarns, matting, or oakum, used to pre- 
vent chafing, support yards, Scc.—R. H. Dana, Jr. 

PUD'DING-GRXSS, n. A plant of the genus mentha. 

PUD'DING-GRoSS, n. A plant. Qu.— Johnson. 

PUD'DING-PlE, n. A pudding with meat baked in it. 

PUD'DING-PlPE TREE, n. A plant of the genus cassia. 

PUD'DING-SLEEVE, n. A sleeve of the full-dress clerical 
gown. — Swift. 

PUD'DING-SToNE, n. Conglomerate ; a coarse sandstone 
composed of silicious pebbles, flint, &c, united by a ce- 
ment. — Cleayeland. 

PUD'DING-TlME, n. 1. The time of dinner, pudding be- 
ing formerly the first dish set on the table, or, rather, first 
eaten. 2. The nick of time ; critical tvme.—Hudibras. 

PUD'DLE, n. [Ir. boidhlia; G. pfutze.] 1. A small stand of 
dirty water ; a muddy plash. — Addison. 2. A mixture of 
clay and sand worked together until they are impervious 
to water.— Buchanan. 

PUD'DLE, v. t. 1. To make foul or muddy ; to pollute with 
dirt ; to mix dirt and water. 2. To make thick or close 
with clay, so as to render impervious to water. 3. To 
convert cast iron into wrought iron by the process called 
puddling. — XJre. 

PUD'DLE, v. i. To make a dirty stir.— Junius. 

PUDTJL.ED, pp. or a. Made muddy or foul ; made thick or 
close with clay ; converted into wrought iron by puddling. 

PUD'DLER, n. One who converts cast iron into wrought 
iron by the process called puddling, which see.—Hcbert. 

PUD'DLING, ppr. Making muddy or dirty, making thick 
or close with clay ; converting into wrough* ^on by tho 
process called puddling. See Puddling, n. 

PUD'DLING, n. 1. The act of rendering impervious to 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, fee, long.—l, I, 1, fee., short.— F XR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5V E, BOOK. 



PUG 



795 



PUL 



watei by means of clay, as a canal. 2. The process of 
converting cast iron into wrought or malleable iron by 
subjecting it to the continued action of intense heat in a 
reverberatory furnace, until it becomes so thick and tena- 
cious as to stick together and form into lumps. — Hebert. 

PUD'DLY, a. Muddy; foul; dirty.— Carew. 

PUDDOCK, ) n. [for paddock or parrock.] A small inclos- 

PUR'RO€K, 3 ure. [Provincial in England.] 

PC'DEN-CY, n. [L. pudens.] Modesty ; shamefacedness. — 
Shak. 

PU-DEN'DA, n, pi. [L.] The parts of generation. 

PU'DIC, la. [L. pudicus.] Pertaining to the parts which 

Pu'DLC-AL, > modesty requires to be concealed. 

PU-DIC'I-TY, 72. [Fr. pudicite ; L. pudicitia.] Modesty; 
chastity. — Howell. 

POE'-FEL-LoW. See Pew-fellow. 

Pu'ER-ILE, a. [Fr. ; L. puerilis.] Pertaining to boys or 
youth ; characterized by puerility ; as, a puerile amuse- 
ment. Pope.— Syn. Boyish ; youthful ; juvenile ; childish ; 

. trifling; weak. 

PO'ER-lLE-LY, adv. Boyishly ; triflingly. 

PU-ER-IL'I-TY, )n. Fr. puerilite ; L.puerilitas.] 1. Child- 

Pu'ER-lLE-NESS, S ishness ; boyishness ; the manners 
or actions of a boy; that which is trifling. — 2. In dis- 
course, a thought or expression which is flat, insipid, or 
childish. 

PU-ER'PE-RAL, a. [L. puerpera.] Pertaining to childbirth ; 
as, a puerperal fever. 

PU-ER'PE-ROUS, a. [L. pucrperus.] Bearing children ; ly- 
ing in. 

PO'ET. See Pewet. 

PUFF, n. [D. pof; G., Dan. puff.) 1. A sudden and single 
emission of breath from the mouth ; a quick, forcible blast ; 
a whiff. 2. A sudden and short blast of wind. 3. A fun- 
gous ball tilled with dust ; a puft'-ball. 4. Any thing light 
and porous, or something swelled and light ; &s, puff-paste. 
5. A substance of loose texture, used to sprinkle powder 
on the hair. 6. A tumid or exaggerated commendation. 
— Cibber. 

PUFF, v. i. [D. puffen ; D. poffen.] 1. To drive air from 
the mouth in a single and quick blast. 2. To swell the 
cheeks with air. 3. To blow, as an expression of scorn 
or contempt. 4. To breathe with vehemence, as after 
violent exertion. 5. To do or move with hurry, agitation, 
and a tumid, bustling appearance. 6. To swell with air ; 
to dilate or inflate. 

PUFF, v. t. 1. To drive with a blast of wind or air. 2. To 
swell ; to inflate ; to dilate with air. 3. To swell ; to in- 
flate ; to blow up. 4. To drive with a blast in scorn or 
contempt. 5. To praise with exaggeration. 

PUFF'-BALL, n. A fungus or mushroom full of dust. 

PUFFED (puft). pp. Driven out suddenly, as air or breath; 
blown up ; swelled with air ; inflated with vanity or pride ; 
praised. 

PUFF'ER, n. One who puffs ; one who praises with noisy 
commendation. 

PUFF'IN, n. 1. A bird found principally in the northern 
seas, allied to the auk. The name is also given to certain 
birds of the petrel family. 2. A kind of .fish. 3. A kind 
of fungus with dust ; a fuzz-ball. 

PUFFTN'-AP-PLE (-ap-pl), n. A sort of apple so caUed. 

PUFF'I-NESS, n. State or quality of being turgid. 

PUFFING, ppr. Driving out the breath with a single, sud- 
den blast ; inflating ; praising pompously. 

PUFFING, n. 1. A vehement breathing. 2. Exaggerated 



'IIF 



■Burke. 



PTTFF'ING-LY, adv. 1. Tumidly ; with swell. 2. With ve- 
hement breathing or shortness of breath. 
PUFF'Y, a. 1. Swelled with air or any soft matter ; tumid 

with a soft substance. 2. Tumid •, turgid ; bombastic. 
PUG, n. [Sax Sw. piga ; Dan. pige.] The name given to a 

little animal treated with familiarity, as a monkey or a 

little dog. 
PUG'-DOG, n. A small dog with a face and nose like that 

of a monkey. — Smart. 
PUG'-FXCED (-fast), a. Monkey-faced. 
PUG'-NoSE, 7i. A short and thick nose ; a snub nose, 
t PUG'GERED, for puckered.— More. 
PUG'GTNG, a. A cant word for thieving.— Shak. 
PUG'GING, n. In architecture, coarse mortar filling the 

space between the joists under a floor, to prevent the 

trans mission of sound.— GwiU. 
PUGH (poo). A word used in contempt or disdain. 
Pu'tilL 7i. [It. pugillo ; Fr.pugile; L. pug ilium.] As much 

as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers. — 

Bacon. 
PC4IL-ISM, 7i. [L., Sp. pugil.] The practice of boxing or 

fighting with the fist. 
Pu'6IL-IST, n. A boxer ; one who fights with his fists. 
PU-6IL-IST1C, a. Pertaining to boxing or fighting with 

the fist. 
PIIG-N aTIOUS (-shus), a, [L. pugnax.] Disposed to fight ; 

inclined to fighting ; quarrelsome : fighting. — More. 

D6VE;— BULLTuNITE ;— AN"GER Vi"CIOUS7-^G as" 



PUG-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a pugnacious mannei 

PUG-NAC'I-TY (-nas'e-te), n. Inclination to fight ; quarrel 
someness.— Bacon. [Little used.] 

PUG'NIS ET €AL'C1-BUS. [L.j With fists and heels: 
with all the might. 

POIS'NE (pu'ny), a. [Fr. puis and n6.] 1. In law, younger 
or inferior in rank ; a title given to the judges and barons 
of the King's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, with 
the exception of the chief justice and chief baron. — Brando. 
2._ Later in date. — Hale; [obs.] 

* PU'IS-SANCE, n. [Fr.] Power ; strength ; might ; force. 
— Milton. 

* POTS-SANT, a. Powerful ; strong ; mighty ; forcible. 

* Pu'IS-SANT-LY, adv. Powerfully ; with great strength. 
PuKE, v. i. [Heb. pB ; L. vacuo.] To vomit ; to eject from 

_the stomach. — Shak. 

PuKE. n. A vomit; a medicine which excites vomiting. 

POKE, a. Of a color between black and russet ; now called 
puce. — Shak. 

POKED (pukt), pp. Vomited. 

PuK'ER. n. One that vomits ; a medicine causing vomiting. 

PuK'ING, ppr. Vomiting. 

PuK'ING, 7i. The act of vomiting. 

PUL'CHRI-TUDE, n. [L. pulchritudo.] 1. Beauty ; hand- 
someness ; grace ; comeliness ; that quality of form which 
pleases the eye. 2. Moral beauty ; those qualities of the 
mind which good men love and approve. 

POLE, v. i. [Fr. piauler.] 1. To cry like a chicken. 2. To 
_whine ; to cry as a complaining child ; to whimper. 

Pu'_LI€, n. A plant. — Ainsworth. 

t Pu'LI-CoSE, / a. [L. pulicosus.] Abounding with fleas. 

fPu'LI-€OUS, i Diet. 

POLTNG, ppr. or a. Crying like a chicken ; whining. 

POL'ING, 7i. A cry, as of a chicken ; a whining. 

POL'ING-LY, adv. With whining or complaint. 

PO'LI-OL, n. A plant. — Ainsworth. 

PULK'HA, n. A Laplander's traveling sled or sleigh. 

PULL, v. t. [Sax. pullian.] 1. To draw : to draw toward 
one, or to make an effort to draw. Pull differs from draw , 
we use draw when motion follows the effort, and pull is 
used in the same sense ; but we may also pull forever 
without drawing or moving the thing. This distinction 
may not be universal. Pull is opposed to push. 2. To 
pluck ; to gather by drawing or forcing off' or out, as flax. 
3. To tear ; to rend ; but, in this sense, followed by some 
qualifying word or phrase ; as, to pull one in pieces. 

To pull down. 1. To demolish or to take in pieces by separ- 
ating the parts. 2. To demolish ; to subvert ; to destroy. 
3. To bring down ; to degrade ; to humble. — To pull off, 
to separate by pulling ; to pluck ; also, to take oft' without 
force. — To pull out, to draw out ; to extract. — To pull up, 
to pluck up ; to tear up by the roots ; hence, to extirpate ; 
to eradicate ; to destroy. 

PULL, v. i. To give a pull ; to tug ; as, to pull at a rope. — 
To pull apart, to separate by pulling ; as, a rope will pull 
apart. 

PULL, n. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force ; an 
effort to move by drawing toward one. 2. A contest ; a 
struggle. 3. Pluck ; violence suffered. — Shak. 

PULL'BACK, 7i. That which keeps back, or restrains from 
proceeding. 

PULLED, #p. Drawn toward one ; plucked. 

t PULL/EN. n. [Fr. poule; L. pullus.] Poultry.— Bailey. 

PULL'ER n. One who pulls.— Shak. 

PULL'ET, 7i. [Fr. poulet ; It. polio ; L. pullus.] A young 
hen or female of the domestic fowl. 

PULL'EY, n. ; pi. Pulleys. [Fr. poulie; Sp. polla: L. polus.] 
A small wheel turning on a pin in a block, with a furrow 
or groove in which runs the rope that rums it. The pulley 
is one of the mechanical powers, much used in raisina 
weights. 

PUL'LI-€AT, 72. A kind of silk handkerchief. 

PULLTNG, ppr. Drawing ; making an effort to draw ; 
plucking. 

PUL'LU-LaTE, v. i. [L. pullulo.] To germinate ; to bud. 

PUL-LU-La'TION, 72. A germinating or budding ; the first 
shooting of a bud. — More. 

PUL'MO-NA-RY, a. [L. pulmonarius.] Pertaining to the 
lunas ; affecting the lungs. 

PUL'MO-NA-RY, 72. [L. pulm.onaria.] A plant, lungwort. 

PUL'MO-NI-BRAN€H'I-ATE. a. [L.pulmo, and Gr. iip : iy X ia.] 
Having the branchiae formed for breathing air. — Cuvier. 
[A term applied to certain molhisks.] 

PUL-MONTC, a. [Fr. pulmonique.] Pertaining to the lungs , 
affecting the lungs. 

PUL-MCN'IC, 72. 1. A medicine for diseases of the lungs, 
2. One affected by a disease of the lungs. — Arbuthnot. 

PULP, 72. [Fr. pulpe; L. pulpa.] 1. A soft mass. 2. The 
soft substance within a bone; marrow.— Bacon. 3. The 
soft, succulent part of fruit. 4. The aril or exterior cov- 
ering of a coffee-berry. 

PULP^'. t. To deprive of the pulp or integument, as the 
coffee-berry. 

KT<3 as J ; S as Z ; ell as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PUM 



796 



PUN 



PUL PA-TOON', n. Delicate confectionery or cake. 
PULPED (pulpt), pp. Deprived of the pulp. 

PULP'I-NESS, n. The state of being pulpy. 

PUL'PIT, n. [L. pulpitum; It, Sp. pulpito ; Fr. pupitre.] 1. 
An elevated place or inclosed stage in a church, in which 
the preacher stands. It is called, also, a desk. — 2. In the 
Roman, theatre, the pulpitum was the front part of the stage 
where the actors performed their parts ; it was higher 
than the orchestra, and directly back of it. 3. A movable 
desk, from which, disputants pronounced their disserta- 
tions, and authors recited their works. 

PUL'PIT EL'O-QUENCE, } n. Eloquence or oratory in de- 

PUL'PIT ORATORY, $ livering sermons. 

PUL'PIT OR'A-TOR. ri : . An eloquent preacher. 

P UL-PIT'IC-AL-LY, in? Chesterfield, is not an authorized word. 

PUL'PIT-ISH, a. Pertaining to or like the pulpit or its per- 
formances. — Chalmers. 

PULP'OUS, a. Consisting of pulp, or resembling it ; soft 
like pap. — Phillips. 

PULP'OUS-NESS, n. Softness ; the quality of being pulpous. 

PULP'Y, a. Like pulp ; soft ; fleshy ; succulent.—" Ray. 

PUL'QUE (pul'ka), n. [Sp.] A refreshing drink, with slight- 
ly intoxicating qualities, much used by the Mexicans, and 
extracted from the maguey, or agave Americana,— Encyc. 
Am. 

PULS'aTE, v. i. [L. pulsatus.] To beat or throb. 

PULS'A-TlLE, a. [L. pulsatilis.] That is or may be struck 
or be_aten ; played by beating, like a drum. — Mus. Diet. 

PUL-Sa'TION, it. [L. pulsatio.] 1. The beating or throb- 
bing of the heart or of an artery, in the process of carry- 
ing on the circulation of the blood. 2. A stroke by which 
some medium is affected, as in sound, &c. — 3. In law, any 
touching of another's body willfully or in anger. — Black- 
stone. 

PULS'A-TI VE, a. Beating ; throbbing.— Encyc. 

PUL-Sa'TOR, ii. A beater ; a striker.— Diet. 

PULS'A-TO-RY, a. Beating; throbbing, as the heart. 

PULSE (puis), n. [L. pulsus ; Fr. pouls.] 1. In animals, the 
beating or throbbing of the heart and arteries ; more par- 
ticularly, the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused by the 
projectile force of the blood, which is perceptible to the 
touch. 2. The stroke by which a medium is afiected, as 
in the motion of light, sound, &c. ; oscillation ; vibration. 
Newton. — To feel one's pulse, metaphorically, to sound one's 
Opinion ; to try or to know one's mind. 

PULSE, v. i. To beat, as the arteries. — Ray. {Little used.] 

PULSE, v. t. [L. pulso.} To drive, as the pulse. [Rare.] 

PULSE, ii. [qu. L. pulsus.] Leguminous plants or their 
seeds, as beans, peas, &c. — Dryden. 

PULSE'LP2SS, a. Having no pulsation. 

PUL-SIF'IC, a. {pulse, and L. facio.] Exciting the pulse ; 
causing pulsation. — Smith. 

PUL'SION (-shun), n. [from L. pulsus.] The act of driving 
forward : in opposition to suction or traction. — More. [Rare.] 

PUL-Ta'CEOUS (-shus), a. [from Gr. itoItoS ; L. puis.] 
Macerated ; softened ; nearly fluid. — Beddoes. 

PUL'VER-A-BLE, a. [L. pulvis.] That may be reduced to 
fine powder ; capable of being pulverized. 

PUL'VER-ITE, v. t. To beat or reduce to powder or dust. 

PUL''vIS-"iNE>- Ashes of barilla. 

PUL'VER-lZ-A-BLE, a. That may be pulverized.— Barton. 

PUL-VER-I-Za'TION, n. [from pulverize.] The act of re- 
ducing to dust or powder. 

PUL'VER-lZE, v. t. [It. polverizzare ; Fr. pulveriser.] To re- 
duce to fine powder, as by beating, grinding, &c. 

PUL'VER-IZED, pp. or a. Reduced to fine powder. 

PUL'VER-lZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to fine powder. 

PUL'VER-OUS, a. Consisting of dust or powder ; like 
powder. 

PUL-VER.'U-LENCE, n. Dustiness ; abundance of dust or 
powder. 

PUL-VER'U-LENT, a. 1. Dusty ; consisting of fine powder. 
2. Addicted to lying and rolling in the dust, as fowls. 

PUL'VIL, n. A sweet-scented powder. — Gay. [Rare.] 

\ PUL'VIL, v. t. To sprinkle with a perfumed powder. 

PUL'VIN-A-TED, a. [L. pulvinar, a pillow.] In architecture, 
swelled or enlarged in any part of an order, as in the 
frieze of a column. — Gwilt. 

PO'MA, ii. A rapacious quadruped of the cat family, found 
in the warmer parts of America. 

PUM'I-CXTE, v. t. To make smooth with pumice. 

PUM'I-€a-TED, pp. Smoothed with pumice. 

PUM'I-€a-TING, ppr. Making smooth with pumice. 

* PUM'lCE, n. [L. pumcx ; D. puimsteen.] A light and spon- 

gy volcanic substance, appearing to consist of minute par- 
allel fibres, owing to the parallelism and minuteness of the 
crowded cells. — Dana. 

* PUM'ICE-SToNE, n. The same as pumice. 
PU-Ml"CEOUS (-mish'us), a. Pertaining to pumice ; con- 
sisting of pumice, or resembling it. 

PUM'MACE, n. Apples crushed for making cider.— Forby. 
See Pomace. 



! PUM'MEL. See Pommel. 

| PUMP, n. [Fr. pompe ; D. pomp ; Dan. pompe.] 1. A hydraui 
ic engine for raising water or other fluid through a tube. 
2. A low shoe with a thin sole. — Swift. 

PUMP, v. i. To work a pump ; to raise water with a pump. 

PUMP, v. t. 1. To raise with a pump. 2. To draw out by 
artful interrogatories. 3. To examine by artful questions 
for the purpose of drawing out secrets. 

PUMP'-BoLTS, ii. pi. Two pieces of iron, one used tc 
fasten the pump-spear to the brake, the other as a fulcrum 
for the brake to work upon. 

PUMP'-BRaKE, n. The arm or handle of a punip. 

PUMP'-DaLE. n. A long wooden tube, used to convey the 
water from a chain-pump across the ship and through the 
side. 

PUMP'-GeAR. n. The apparatus belonging to a pump 

PUMP'-HOOD, ii. A semi-cylindrical frame of wood, cov 
ering the upper wheel of a chain-pump. 

PUMP'-SPeAR, n. The bar to which the upper box of u 
pump is fastened, and which is attached to the brake or 
handle. — Mar. Diet. 

PUMP'-STOCK, n. The solid part or body of a pump. 

PUMPED (pumpt), pp. 1. Raised with a pump. 2. Drawn 
out by artful interrogations. 

PUMP'ER, n. The person or the instrument that pumps. 

PUMP'ER-NI€K-£L, it. A species of bran bread, which 
forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants ; often 
used as a term of contempt. — Brande. 

PUMP'ING, ppr. 1. Raising by a pump. 2. Drawing out 
secrets by artful questions. 

PUMP'ION (pump'yun), n. [D. pompen.] A pumpkin. 

PUMP'KIN, ii. A well-known plant and its fruit ; a pompion 
[ This is the common orthography of the word in the United 
States.] 

tPO'MY, a. [Fr. pommeau.] Rounded, as pumy-stones. 
Spenser. — Toone. 

PUN, n. [qu. W. pun.] An expression in which a word 
has at once different meanings ; an expression in which 
two different applications of a word present an odd or 
ludicrous idea ; a kind of quibble or equivocation. [A 
low species of wit.] 

PUN, v. i. To quibble ; to use the same word at once in 
different senses.— Dryden. 

PUN, v. t. To persuade by a pun. — Addison. 

PUNCH, n. [W. pwnc; Arm. poenconn ; Fr. poincon; Sp. 
punzon.] 1. An instrument of iron or steel, used in sev- 
eral arts for perforating holes in plates of metal or other 
substances, and so contrived as to stamp out a piece. — 2. 
In popular usage, a blow or thrust. 

PUNCH, n. [Sp. ponche ; G. punsch.] A drink composed of 
water sweetened with sugar, with a mixture of lemon- 
juice and spirit. — Swift. 

PUNCH, n. The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet-show. 
See Punchinello. 

PUNCH, n. 1. A well-set horse with a short back, thin 
shoulders, broad neck, and well covered with flesh. 2. A 
short, fat fellow. 

PUNCH, v. t. [Sp.pitnzar; W. pynciaio ; L. pungo.] 1. To 
perforate with an iron instrument, either pointed or not. — 
2. In popular usage, to thrust against with the end of some- 
thing. 

PUNCH'-BoWL, n. A bowl in which punch is made, or 
from which it is drank. 

PUNCHED (puncht), pp. Perforated with a punch. 

PUNCHEON (punch'un), n. [Fr. poincon.] 1. A name com- 
mon to iron or steel instruments, used in various trades 
for cutting, piercing, or stamping a body. — 2. In carpentry, 
a piece of timber placed upright between two posts, 
whose bearing is too great ; also, a piece of timber raised 
upright under the ridge of a building, and in which are 
jointed the small timbers. — Gwilt. 3. A measure of liquids, 
or a cask containing sometimes 84, sometimes 120 gallons. 

PUNCH'ER, n. 1. One who punches. 2. A punch or per- 
forating instrument. 

PUN-CHI-NEL'LO, n. A punch ; a buffoon ; the policinella 
of the Italian puppet-show, a character represented as 
fat, short, and humpbacked. — Tatler. 

PUNCHING, ppr. Perforating with a punch ; striking 
against with the end of something. 

PUNCHY, a. Short and thick, or fat. 

PUNCTATE, \a. [L. punctus.] 1. Pointed.— 2. In botany, 

PUNC'Ta-TED, > having the surface dotted. 

PUNC'TI-FORM, a. [L. punclum and form.] Having the 
form of a point. — Ed. Encyc. 

PUNC-TIL'IO (punk-til'yo), n. [Sp. puntilla ; It. puntiglio.] 
A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony, or pro- 
ceeding; particularity or exactness in forms. — Addison. 

PUNC-TIL'IOUS (punk-til'yus), a. Very nice or exact ic 
the forms of behavior, ceremony, or mutual intercourse , 
very exact in the observance of rules prescribed by law 
or custom ; sometimes, exact to excess.— Rogers. 

PUN€-TIL'IOUS-LY, adv. With exactness or great nicety 

PUNC-TIL'IOUS-NESS, n. Exactness in the obs ervance o f 



* See Synopsis. A. E,I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



PUN 



797 



PUR 



forms or rules ; attentive to nice points of behavior or 
ceremony. 

PUNCTION (punk'shun), n. [L. punctio.] A puncture. 

PUNCTO, n. [Sp., It. punto ; L. punctum.] 1. Nice point 
of form or ceremony. 2. The point in fencing. 

?UN€'TU-AL (punkfyu-al), a. [Ft. ponctuel ; It puntuale ; 
Sp. puntual] 1. Consisting in a point ; [rare.] 2. Exact ; 
observant of nice points ; punctilious, particularly in ob- 
serving time, appointments, or promises. 3. Exact; ac- 
curate ; as, a punctual compliance with an agreement. 4. 
Done at the exact time. 

PUNCTU-AL-IST, n. One who is very exact in observing 
forms and ceremonies. — Milton. 

PUN€-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Nicety ; scrupulous exactness ; it is 
now used chiefly in regard to time. 

PUNCTU-AL-LY, adv. Nicely : exactly ; with scrupulous 
regard to time, appointments, promises, or rules. 

PUNC'TU-AL-NESS, n. Exactness; punctuality.— Felton. 

PUNCTU-aTE, v. t. [Fr. ponctuer.] To mark with points ; 
to designate sentences, clauses, or other divisions of a 
writinsr by points, which mark the proper pauses. 

PUNCTU-A-TED, pp. 1. Pointed.— Fourcroy. 2. Having 
the divisions marked with points. 

PUNCTU-a-TING, ppr. Marking with points. 

PUN€-TU-A'TION (punkt-yu-a'shun), n. In grammar, the 
act or art of pointing a writing or discourse. 

PUNCTU-1ST, n. One who understands punctuation. 

r PUNC'TU-LITE. v. t. [L. punctulum.] To mark with 
small spots. — Woodward. 

PUNCTURE (punkf yur), ti. [L.punctura; It.puntura.] The 
act of perforating with a pointed instrument ; or a small 
hole made by it- — Rambler. 

PUNCTURE, v. t. To prick ; to pierce with a small pointed 
instrument. 

PUNCTUR-.ED, pp. Pricked ; pierced with a sharp point 

PUNCTUR-ING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point 

PUN'DIT, n. [Persic] In Hindustan, a learned Brahmin ; 
one versed in the Sanscrit language, and in the science, 
laws, and religion of that country. 

r PUN'DLE, n. A short and fat woman. — Ainsworth. 

I Pu'NESE, n. [Fr. pun aise.] The bed-bug; the same as 
punice. — Hudibras. 

PUNG, n. In America, a kind of one-horse sleigh. 

PUN"GAR n. A iish.— Ainsworth. 

PUN'dEN-CY, n. [L. pungens.] 1. The power of pricking 
or piercing. 2. That quality of a substance which pro- 
duces the sensation of pricking, or affecting the taste like 
minute sharp points ; sharpness ; acridness. 3. Power to 
pierce the mind or excite keen reflections or remorse, a3 
of a sermon. 4. Acrimoniousness ; keenness, as of sarcasm. 

PUN'dENT, a. [L. pungens.] 1. Affecting the organs of 
sense, particularly those of taste or smell, with a pricking 
sensation like that produced by vinegar or snuff. 2. Af- 
fecting the mind with a correspondent pricking sensation : 
as, pungent remarks or reflections. — Syn. Acrid ; piercing ; 
sharp ; penetrating ; acute ; keen ; acrimonious ; biting ; 
stinging. 

PCNIC, a. [L. Punicus.] Pertaining to the Carthaginians ; 
faithless ; treacherous ; deceitful ; as, Punic faith. 

Pu'NIC, n. The ancient language of the Carthaginians. 

PU'NI-€A FTDES. [L.] Punic faith, the faith of the Car- 
thaginians, that is, unfaithfulness, treachery, perfidious- 
ness. 

\ Pu'NiCE, it. A bed-bug.— Ainsworth. 

PU-Nl"CEOUS (-nish'us), a. [L. puniceus.] Purple. — Diet. 

Pu'NI-NESS, n. Littleness ; pettiness ; smallness with fee- 
bleness. 

PUN'ISH, v. t. [Arm. punicza ; Fr. punir, punissant ; It 
punire ; Sp. punir ; from L. punio.] 1. To afflict with 
pain, loss, or calamity, as a penalty for a crime or fault. 
—2. In a looser sense, to atflict with pain, &c, with a view 
to amendment ; to chasten. 3. To reward with pain or 
suffering inflicted on the offender, as an offense.— Syn. To 
chastise ; castigate ; scourge ; whip ; lash ; correct ; dis- 
cipline. 

PUN'ISH- A-BLE, n. 1. Worthy of punishment. 2. Liable 
to punishment ; capable of being punished by law or right 

PUN'ISH- A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving or being 
liable to punishment. 

PUNISHED (pun'isht), pp. Afflicted with pain or evil as the 
retribution of a crime or offense ; chastised. 

PUN'ISH-EPi., n. One who inflicts pain, loss, or other evil, 
for a crime or offense. — Milton. 

PUNISHING, ppr. Afflicting with pain, penalty, or suffer- 
ing of any kind, as the retribution of a crime or offense. 

PUN'ISH-MENT, n. Any pain or suffering inflicted on a 
person for a crime or offense, by the authority to which 
the offender is subject, either by the constitution of God 
or of civil society. 

PU-Nt"TION (Tiu-nish'un), n. [Fr. ; L.punitio.] Punishment 
[Rare.] 

PtJ'NI-TlVE, a. [It. punitivo.] Awarding or inflicting pun- 
ishment : that punishes. — Hammond. 



PliTSI-TO-RY, a. Punishing or tending to punishment 

PUN-JAUB', n. The country of the five rivers, which flow 
by one united stream into the Indus, forming the north- 
western part of Hindostan. 

PUNK, n. 1. A species of fungus, or some decayed wood, 
used as tinder. 2. A prostitute ; a strumpet— Skak. 

PUN'KA, a. In Hindostan, a machine for fanning a room, 
consisting of a movable frame, covered with canvas, and 
suspended from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pull- 
ing a cord. — Malcom. 

FUNNED, pp. Quibbled. 

PUN'NER, n. A punster, which see. — Steele.. 

PUNNET, n. A small, but broad, shallow Dasket for display 
ing fruit or flowers. — Smart. 

PUN'NING, ppr. Using a word at once in different senses. 

PUN'NING, n. The art or practice of using puns. 

PUN'STER, n. One who puns or is skilled in punning ; a 
quibbler ; a low wit. — Arbuthnot. 

PUNT, v. i. To play at basset, faro, and ombre. — Addison. 

PUNT, n. [Sax. punt ; L. pons.] A flat-bottomed boat used 
in calking and repairing ships. — Mar. Diet. 

PUNT'ER, n. One who plays at faro or basset against the 
banker or dealer. — Encyc. 

Pu'NY, a. [contracted from Fr. puisne.] 1. Properly, young 
or younger; [but in this sense not used.] 2. Inferior; 
_petty ; of an under rate ; small and feeble. 

Pu'NY, n. A young, inexperienced person ; a novice.— 
South. 

PUP, v. i. To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of 
the canine species. 

PUP, n. A puppy. 

PU'PA, ) 7i. ; pi. Pup.*: or Pupes. [L. pupa.] In natural his- 

POPE, 5 tory, an insect in the third or last state but one of 
_its existence ; often called chrusalis. 

Pu'PIL, n. [L. pupilla.] The ap'ple of the eye. 

Pu'PIL, n. [Fr. pupille ; L. pupil lus.] 1. A youth or scholar 
of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor ; a 
disciple. 2. A ward ; a youth or person under the care 
of a guardian. — 3 In the civil law, a boy or girl under the 
_age of puberty. 

Pu'PIL-A6E, n. 1. The state of being a scholar, or under 
the care of an instructor for education and discipline. 2. 
Wardship ; minority. In this latter sense, the Scots use 
pupilarity. — Beattie. 

Pu'PIL-A-RY, a. [Fr. pupillaire; L. papillaris.] Pertaining 
to a pupil or ward. — Johnson. 

PU-PIP'A-RA, n. pi. • [L. pupus and pario.] Animals whose 
eggs are hatched in the matrix of the mother, and not ex- 
cluded till they become pupes.—Kirby. 

PU-PIP'A-ROUS, a. Pertaining to the pupipara ; producing 
younsr in the form of a pupa. 

PU-PIV r O-ROUS, a. [pupa, and L. voro.] Feeding on the 
pupes of insects. — S. L. Mitchill. 

PUP'PET, n. [Fr. poupec ; L. pupus.] 1. A small image in 
the human form, moved by a wir.3 in a mock drama; .-» 
wooden tragedian. 2. A doll. 3. A word of contempt 
used of a person who is under the control of another. — Shak. 

PUP'PET-PLaY-ER, n. One who manages the motions of 
puppets. — Hales. 

PUP'PET-SHoW, 7i. A mock drama performed by puppets 
moved by wires. — Swift. 

PUP'PET-MAN, > ii. The master of a puppet-show 

PUPTET-MaS-TER, 5 Swift. 

PUP'PET-RY, 7i. Affectation.— Marston. 

PUP'PY, 72. 1. A whelp ; the young progeny of a bitch or 
female of the canine species. — 2. Applied to persons, a name 
expressing extreme contempt, commonly used of one who 
is conceited. — Addison. 

PUP'PY, v. i. To bring forth whelps. 

PUP'PY-ISM, n. 1. Extreme meanness. 2. Extreme affecta- 
tion or conceit. — Chalmers. 

PUR, v. i. To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as 
a cat. 

PUR, v. t. To signify by purring. — Gray. 

PUR, n. The low, murmuring, continued sound of" a car. 

PU-Ra'NA, 7i. Among the Hindoos, literally, ancient story ; 
particularly, a sacred poetical work, which treats of the 
creation, destruction, and renovation of the world, the 
genealogy of gods and heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and 
the transactions of their descendants. The puranas are 
eighteen in number. — Wilson's Sanscrit Diet. 

PU-RAN'I€. a. Pertaining to the puranas. — Asiat. Res. 

PUR'BECK-STONE, n. A limestone from the isle of Pur 
beck, in England.— P. Cyc. 

PUR'BLlND, a. [said to be from pore and blind.] Near 
sighted or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely. — Shak. 

PUR'BLIND-LY, adv. In a purblind manner. — Scott. 

PUR'BLiND-NESS, n. Shortness of sight ; near-sighted 
ness : dimness of vision. 

PUR'CHAS-A-BLE, a. [from purchase.] That maybe bought, 
purchased, or obtained for a consideration. 

PURCHASE, v. t. [Fr. pourchasser.] 1. In its primary and 
legal sense, to gain, obtain, or acquire by any means, ex- 



1)5VE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH ns SH : TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PUR 



798 



PUR 



cept by descent or hereditary right.— 2. In common usage, 
to buy; to obtain property by paying an equivalent in 
money. It differs from barter only in the circumstance 
that, in purchasing, the price or equivalent given or secured 
is money ; in bartering, the equivalent is given in goods. 
3. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger, or other 
sacrifice. 4. To expiate or recompense by a fine or for- 
feit. — Shak. 5. To sue out or procure, as a writ. — 6. For- 
merly, a cant word for steal. — Shak. 

PUR'CHASE, v. i. In seamen's language, to raise by a pur- 
chase. 

PUR'CHASE, n. [Norm., Fr. pourchas or purchas.] 1. In 
law, the act of obtaining or acquiring the title to lands and 
tenements by money, deed, gift, or any means, except by 
descent ; the acquisition of lands and tenements by a 
man's own act or agreement. — 2. In law, the suing out and 
obtaining a writ. — 3. In common 



_ e, the acquisition of 
the title or property of any thing by rendering an equiva- 
lent in money ; a buying. 4. That which is purchased ; 
any thing of which the property is obtained by giving an 
equivalent price in money. 5. That which is obtained by 
labor, danger, art, &c. — 6. Formerly, a cant word for steal- 
ing, and the thing stolen. 7. Any mechanical hold, advant- 
age, power, or force applied to the raising or removing 
of heavy bodies. 
PUR'CHASE-M6N-EY (-mun-ne), n. The money paid, or 

contracted to be paid, for any thing bought. — Berkeley. 
PUR'CHASED (pur'chast), pp. or a. 1. Obtained or acquired 
by one's own act or agreement. 2. Obtained by paying 
an equivalent in money. 3. Obtained by labor, danger, 
art, &c. — 4. Formerly, a cant word for stolen. — Shak. 
PUR'CHAS-ER, n. 1. In law, one who acquires or obtains 
by conquest or by deed or gift, or in any manner other 
than by descent or inheritance. 2. One who obtains or 
acquires the property of any thing by paying an equiva- 
lent in money. 
PUR'CHAS-ING, ppr. Buying ; obtaining by one's own act 

or for a price. 
PURE, a. [L.pitrus; It, Sp. puro; Fr. pur.] The leading 
idea is that of freedom from all mixture, especially from 
every thing that can debase or render unclean. 1. Free 
from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter ; as, pure 
water. 2. Free from moral defilement; not sullied or 
tarnished by moral turpitude ; as, pure motives. 3. Not vi- 
tiated or adulterated ; as, pure religion ; a. pure style; a pure 
virgin. 4. Free from ceremonial impurity. — Ezra, vi. 5. 
Free from guilt or defilement ; as, pure hands. 6. Mere ; 
absolute ; that and that only ; unconnected with any thing 
else ; sheer ; as, pure good-will. — Pure mathematics. [See 
Mathematics.] — Pure villenage, in the feudal law, is a 
tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the 
lord. — Syn. Unmixed ; clear ; simple ; real ; true ; genu- 
ine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnish- 
ed ; unstained ; stainless ; clean ; fair ; unspotted ; spot- 
less; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immacu- 
late ; innocent ; guiltless ; guileless ; holy. 
\ PORE, v. t. To purify; to cleanse. — Chaucer. 
PBRE'LY, adv. 1. In a pure manner ; with an entire sepa- 
ration of heterogeneous or foul matter. — Is., i. 2. With- 
out any mixture of improper or vicious words or phrases. 
3. Innocently ; without guilt. 4. Merely ; absolutely ; 
without connection with any thing else ; completely ; to- 
tally. 
PORE'NESS, n. 1. Clearness ; an unmixed state ; separa- 
tion or freedom from any heterogeneous or foreign mat- 
ter. 2. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt. 3. Sim- 
plicity ; freedom from mixture or composition. 4. Free- 
dom from vicious or improper words, phrases, or modes 
of speech. 
I PUR'Ff LE (-fil), n. [Fr. pourfilee.] A sort of ancient trim- 
ming for women's gowns, made of tinsel and thread, called, 
also, bobbin-work. 
fPUR'FLE (pur'fl), v. t. [Fr. pourfiler ; It. profilare.] To 
decorate with a wrought or flowered border ; to embroid- 
er — Milton. 
PUR'FLE, > n. 1. A border of embroidered work.— 2. In 
PUR'FLEW, 3 heraldry, terms applied to ermines, peans, 

or furs, which compose a bordure. 
PURFL.ED, pp. or a. Ornamented with a flowered border. 
PURG'A-MENT, n. [L. purgamen.] A cathartic. — Bacon. 
PURGATION, n. [Fr. ; L. purgatio.] 1. The act or opera- 
tion of clearing, cleansing, or purifying, by separating and 
carrying oft' impurities or whatever is superfluous. — 2. In 
law, the act of cleansing from a crime, accusation, or sus- 
picion of guilt. 
PURG'A-TlVE, a. [It. purgativo ; Fr. purgatif.) Having the 
power of cleansing; usually, having the power of evacu- 
ating the intestines ; cathartic. 
PURG'A-TlVE, n. A medicine that evacuates the intestines ; 

PURGA-TiVE-LY, adv. Cathartically ; cleansingly. 

PURG-A-To'RI-AL, \ p . . . . 

PURG-A-To'RI AN X ert aming to purgatory. — Mede. 



PURG'A-TORY, a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse , 

cleansing ■ expiatory. — Burke. 
PURG'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. purgatoire.] Among Roman Catho- 
lics, a supposed place or state after death, in which the 
souls of persons are purified, or in which they expiate 
such oft'enses committed in this life as do not merit eter- 
nal damnation. 
PURGE (purj), v. t. [L. purgo ; Fr. purger ; Sp. purgar ; It. 
purgare.] 1. To cleanse or purify by separating and car- 
rying oft' whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or 
superfluous. 2. To clear from guilt or moral defilement 
3. To clear from accusation or the charge of a crime, as ia 
ordeaL 4. To remove what is offensive ; to sweep away 
impurities. 5. To clarify ; to defecate, as liquors. 
PURGE, v. i. 1. To become pure by clarification. 2. To 
have frequent or preternatural evacuations from the in- 
testines, by means of a cathartic. 
PURGE, n. A medicine that evacuates the intestines: a 

cathartic. — Arbuthnot. 
PURGED (purjd), pp. Purified ; cleansed ; evacuated. 
PURg'ER, n. 1. A person or thing that purges or cleanses. 

2. A cathartic. 
PURGING, ppr. Cleansing ; purifying ; carrying oft' impu- 
rities or superfluous matter. 
PURGING, n. A diarrhea or dysentery ; preternatural evacu • 

ation of the intestines ; looseness of bowels. 
PU-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. purification 1. The act of 
purifying ; the act or operation of separating and remov- 
ing from any thing that which is heterogeneous or foreign 
to it. — 2. In religion, the act or operation of cleansing cere- 
monially, by removing any pollution or defilement 3. A 
cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin ; the extinction 
of sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations. " 
PU-RIF'I-€A-TlVE, \a. Having power to purify ; tending 
PU-RIF'I-CA-TO-RY, j to cleanse. 
Pu'RI-Fli£D, pp. or a. Made pure and clear; freed from 

pollution ceremonially. 
Pu'RI-Fl-ER, n. That which purifies or cleanses ; a refiner 
Pu'RI-FORM, a. [L. pus, puris, and form.] Like pus ; in 

the form of pus. — Med. Repos. 
Pu'RI-FY, v. t. [Fr. purifier ; L. purifico.] 1. To make pure 
or clear ; to free from extraneous admixture. 2. To free 
from pollution ceremonially ; to remove whatever renders 
unclean and unfit for sacred services. 3. To free from 
guilt or the defilement of sin. 4. To clear from impropri- 
eties or barbarisms. — Spratt. 
Pu'RI-F?, v. i. To grow or become pure or clear. — Burnet. 
Pu'RI-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Removing foreign or heterogene- 
ous matter ; cleansing from pollution ; fining ; making clear. 
Pu'RI-FY-ING, n. The act or operation of making pure, or 

of cleansing from extraneous matter or from pollution. 
Pu'RIM, n. [Heb. D^ID.] Among the Jews, the feast ot ■ 
lots, instituted to commemorate their deliverance from 
the machinations of Haman. — Esth., ix. 
PD'RIST, n. [Fr. puriste.] 1. One excessively nice in the use 
of words, &c— Johnson. 2. One who maintains that the 
_New Testament was written in pure Greek. — M. Stuart. 
Pu'RI-TAN, n. [from pure.] A term applied to those who, 
in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and her immediate suc- 
cessors, professed to follow the pure word of God in op- 
position to traditions, human constitutions, and other au- 
thorities. The name was originally given as a term of re- 
proach, and is still sometimes so used. 
Pu'RI-TAN, a. Pertaining to the Puritans, or early dissenters 

from the Church of England. — Sanderson. 
PU-RI-TAN'I€, I a. Pertaining to the Puritans or their 
PU-RI-TANTG-AL, > doctrines and practice ; as a term of 

reproach, exact ; rigid. 
PU-RI-TAN'IC-AL-LY, adv. With the exact or rigid notions 

or manners of the Puritans. 
Pu'RI-TAN-ISM, n. The notions or practice of Puritans. 
Pu'RI-TAN-lZE, v. i. To deliver the notions of Puritans. 
Pu'RI-TY, n. [Fr. purite ; L. puritas.] 1. Freedom from 
foreign admixture or heterogeneous matter. 2. Cleanness ; 
freedom from foulness or dirt. 3. Freedom from guilt or 
the defilement of sin ; innocence. 4. Chastity ; freedom 
from contamination by illicit sexual connection. 5. Free- 
dom from any sinister or improper views. 6. Freedom 
from foreign idioms, from barbarous or improper words 
or phrases. 
PURL, n. [supposed to be contracted from purfle. Qu.] 1. 
An embroidered and puckered border. 2. A kind of edg- 
ing for bone-lace. 
PURL, n. Malt liquor medicated with wormwood or ari> 

matic herbs. — Johnson. 
PURL, n. Two rounds in knitting. 

PURL, v. i. [Sw. porla ; W. freulatc] 1. To murmur, as a 
small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions, 
which occasion a continued series of broken sounds. 2. 
To flow or run with a murmuring sound. 
PURL, v. t. To decorate with fringe or embroidery. 
PURL, n. A gentle, continued murmur of a small stream 
of rippling water. 



■ Synopsis a, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;-M5VE, BOOK, 



PUR 



799 



PUR 



PURTIEu (purlu). n. [Ft. pur, pure, and lieu, place.] A 
border ; a limit ; a certain limited extent or district. 

PUR'LIN, n. In architecture, a piece of timber lying hori- 
zontally on the principal rafters of a roof to support the 
common rafters. — Gloss, of Archit. 

PURL'ING, ppr. 1. Murmuring or gurgling, as a brook. 2. 
Decorating with fringe or embroidery. 

PURL'ING, a. Murmuring or gurgling, as a stream. 

PURL'ING, n. The continued gentle murmur of a small 
stream. 

PUR-LOIN', v. t. [Fr. pour and loi?i.] 1. Literally, to take 
or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal ; to take by 
theft 2. To take by plagiarism ; to steal from books or 
manuscripts. 

PUR-LOIN', v. i. To practice theft— Tit., ii. 

PUR-LOINJSD' (pur-loind'), pp. Stolen ; taken by plagia- 
rism. 

PUR-LOIN'ER n. A thief; a plagiary. 

PUR-LOIN'ING, ppr. Stealing : committing literary theft. 

PUR-LOIN'ING, n. Theft : plagiarism. 

PUR'PiR-TY, n. ~J?r. pour and partie.] In law, a share, 
part^ or portion of an estate, which is allotted to a copar- 
cener by partition. — Cowel. 

PUR'PLE (puripl), a. [Ft. pourpri' ; L. purpureus ; Sp. pur- 
purea; It. porporino.] 1. Designating a much-admired 
color composed of red and blue blended. The Roman 
emperors wore robes of this color.— 2. In poetry, red or 
livid ; dyed with blood. 

PUR'PLE, n. 1. A purple color or dress ; hence, imperial 
government in the Roman Empire. 2. A cardinalate. 
Hume.— Purple of Cassius, see Cassivs.— Purple of mollus- 
ca, a viscid liquor, secreted by certain shellfish, as the 
buccinum lapillus, which dyes wool, &c., purple ; sup- 
posed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye. lire. 

PUR'PLE, v. t. [L. purpuro.] To make purple, or to dye of 
a red color. — Milton. 

PURPLED, pp. or a. Made purple. 

PUR'PLES (-plz). n. pi. Petecchite, or spots of a livid red 
on the body ; livid spots which appear in certain malig- 
nant diseases ; a purple, i. c, a petecchial fever. 

PUR'PL I NG./yjr. Dyeing of a purple color ; making purple. 

PURPLISH, a. Somewhat purple.— Boyle. 

PURPORT, n. [Ft. pour and porter.] 1. Design or tenden- 

. cy. — Norrls. 2. Meaning ; import ; signification. 

PUR'PoRT, v. t. 1. To intend ; to intend to show. — Bacon. 
2. To mean ; to signify. 

PUR'PoRT-ED, pp. Designed; intended; meant. 

PUR'PoRT-ING, ppr. Designing ; intending ; importing. 

PUR'PoSE, n. [Fr. propos; Sp., It. proposito/] 1. That which 
a person sets before himself as an object to be reached or 
accomplished ; the end or aim to which the view is di- 
rected in any plan, measure, or exertion. 2. Intention ; 
design ; [this sense, however, is hardly to be distinguished 
from the former.] 3. End; effect; result; consequence, 
good or bad. 4. Instance ; example ; [obs.] 5. Conver- 
sation; [obs.] — Of purpose, on purpose, with previous de- 
sign ; with the mind directed to that object. 

PUR'PoSE, v. t. To intend ; to design ; to resolve ; to determ- 
ine on some end or object to be accomplished. 

PUR'PoSE, v. i. To have an intention; to have a design. 
— Ps. xvii. To discourse. — Spenser. 

PURPOSED (puripust), pp. 1. Intended; designed. 2. Re- 
solved ; having formed a design or resolution; [applied to 
persovis.] 

PURT6SE-LESS, a. Having no effect or purpose.— Hall. 

PUR'PoSE-LY, adv. By design; intentionally; with pre- 
determination. — Atterbury. 

PURT6S-ING, ppr. Intending ; designing ; resolving. 

PUR-PRESTURE, n. [Ft. pour and "prendre, pris.] In law, 
a nuisance, consisting in an inclosure of or encroachment 
on something that belongs to the public. 

PUR/PRlSE, v. [Ft. pourpris.] A close or inclosnre ; also, 
the whole compass of a manor. — Bacon. 

PUR/PU-RATE, n. A compound of purpuric acid and a 
salifiable base. — lire. 

PUR'PURE, n. In heraldry, purple, represented in engrav- 
ing by diagonal lines. — Encyc. 

PUR-Pu'Rie, a. Purpuric acid, so called from the purple 
color of its salts, is produced by the action of nitric acid 
upon the lithic or uric acid. — Dr. Prout. 

PUR'PU-RINE, n. A coloring principle, supposed, by Robi- 
quet and Colin, to exist in madder. — tire. 

PURR, v. i. To murmur, as a cat See Pur. 

PURR, 77. A sea-lark.— Ainsworth. 

PURRE, n. Ciderkin or perkin. — Encyc. 

PUR'PJNG, ppr. or a. Murmuring, as a cat. 

PUR'RING, n. The murmurins noise made by a cat. 

PURSE (purs), 7i. [Fr. bourse"; It. borsa; D. beurs ; Ger. 
l&rse ; Dan. burs.] 1. A. small bag, in which money is con- 
tained or carried in the pocket." is. A sum of money of 
fered as the prize of winning in a horse-race. — 3. In Tur 
key, a sum of money, 500 piasters. 4. The public coffers ; 
the treasury. — Long purse, or heavy purse, wealth ; riches. 

D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as 



— Light purse, or empty purse, poverty, or want of resour 
ces. — Sword and purse, the military power and wealth of a 
nation. 

PURSE, v. t. 1. To put in a purse.— Milton. 2. To contract 
into folds or wrinkles : with up. — Shah. 

PURSE-NET (purs'-net), n. A net, the mouth of which 
may be closed or drawn together like a purso. — Mortimer. 

PURSE'-PRlDE, 7i. Pride of money ; insolence proceed- 
ing from the possession of wealth. — Hall. 

PURSE'-PROUD, a. Proud of wealth ; puffed up with the 
possession of money or riches. 

PURS JED (purst), pp. 1. Put in a purse. 2. Contracted 
into folds or wrinkles. 

PURS'ER, 7i. In the navy, a commissioned officer who has 
charge of the provisions, clothing, <fcc, and of the public 
moneys on shipboard. — Totten. 

PURS'I-NESS, 7i. [from pursy.] A state of being swelled 
or bloated ; inflation : hence, shortness of breath. [Purs- 
iveness is rarely used.] 

PURS'LAIN (-lin), 72. [It. porcellana.] A common succulent 
plant, of the genus portulacca, often used as a pot-herb, and 
for salads, garnishing, and pickling. [Sometimes spelled 
purslane.] 

PURS'LAIN-TREE, ti. The popular name of portulacaria 
afra, called, also, tree-purslain, a shrub with many smalh 
opposite, fleshy, rounded leaves. — Loudon. 

PUR-Su'A-BLE, a. That may be pursued, followed, or pros- 
ecuted. — Sherwood. 

PUR-Su'ANCE, n. 1. A following; prosecution, process, or 
continued exertion to reach or accomplish something. 
2. Consequence; as, in pursuance of orders. 

PUR-SU'ANT, a. [Fr. poursuivant.] Done in consequence 
or prosecution of any thing ; hence, agreeable, conform- 
able^ 

PUR-Su'ANT-LY, adv. Agreeably; conformably. 

PUR-SuE' (pur-suO, v. t. [Fr. poursuivre.] 1. To follow ; to 
go or proceed after or in a like direction. 2. To take and 
proceed in, without following another. 3. To follow with 
a view to overtake ; to follow with haste ; to chase. 4. To 
seek ; to use measnres to obtain. 5. To prosecute ; to 
continue. 6. To follow as an example ; to imitate. — Dry- 
den. 7. To endeavor to attain to ; to strive to reach or 
gain._ 8. To follow with enmity; to persecute. 

PURSUE', v. i- To go on; to proceed; to continue. [A 
Gallicism.] 

PUR-SBED' (pur-sude'), pp. or a. Followed; chased; pros- 
ecuted ; continued. 

PUR-Su'ER, 7i. One who follows ; one who chases ; one 
who follows in haste with a view to overtake. — Shak. 

PUR-Su'ING, ppr. or a. Following ; chasing ; hastening aft- 
er to_overtake ; prosecuting ; proceeding in ; continuing. 

PUR-SuIT' (pur-suteO, ti. [Fr. poursuite.) 1. The act of fol- 
lowing with a view to overtake ; a following with haste, 
either for sport or in hostility. 2. A following with a view 
to reach, accomplish, or obtain ; endeavor to attain to or 
gain ; quest ; search. 3. Proceeding ; course of business 
or occupation ; continued employment with a view to 
some end. 4. Prosecution ; continuance of endeavor. 

PURSUi-VANT (pur'swe-vant), ti. [Fr. poursuivant.] 1. A 
state messenger; an attendant on the heralds. Spenser. 
— 2. In the Heralds' College, the pursuivants are junior 
officers, who afterward succeed to higher employments. 
They are four, viz., Portcullis, Rouge Dragon, Blue Man- 
tle, and Porte Croix, — Brandt. 

PURST, a. [probably from Fr. poussif. A more etymolog- 
ical spelling of this word would be pussy.] Properly, in- 
flated ; swelled : hence, fat, short, and thick ; and, as per- 
sons of this class have a laborious respiration, this word 
is used for short-breathed. 

PURTE-NANCE, 7i. [L. pertinens.] Appurtenance ; but ap- 
plied to the pluck of an animal. — Ex., xii. 

Pu'RU-LENCE, In. [L. pvrulentus.] The generation ol 

Pu'RU-LEN-CY, I pus or matter; pus. — Arbuthnot. 

Pu'RU-LENT, a. Consisting of pus or matter ; partaking 
of the nature of pus. — Bacon. 

PUR-VEY' (pur-va'), v. t. [Fr. pourvoir ; L. proxideo.] 1. To 
provide ; to provide with conveniences. 2. To procure. 

PUR-VEY' (pur-va'), v. i. To purchase provisions ; to prr 
ride. — Milton. 

PUR-VEY'ANCE (-va'ans), n. 1. Procurement of provisions 
or victuals. 2. Provision ; victuals provided. — 3. In En- 
glish laws, the royal prerogative or right of pre-emption, 
by which the king was formerly authorized to buy pro- 
visions and necessaries for the use of his household, and 
to employ horses and carriages in his service, in prefer- 
ence to all other persons, and without the consent of the 
owners. — P. Cyc. 

PURVEYED' (-vade'), pp. Purchased provisions. 

PUR-VEY'ING. ppr. Prov : ding necessaries. 

PUR-VEY'OR (-va'or), ti. 1. One who provides victuals, or 
whose business is to mase provision for the table ; a vic- 
tualer. 2. An officer who formerly provided or exacted 
provision for the king's household; [England.] 3. One 



K ; 6 as J ; S:^Z; CH a? SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoleU 



PUT 



800 PUT 



who provides the means of gratifying lust ; a procurer ; a 
pimp ; a bawd. — Dryden. 
'•'UR'VIEW (purVu), n. [Norm. Fr. pourveu, purvieu.] 1. 
Primarily, a condition or proviso ; [obs.] 2. The body of 
a statute, or that part which begins with " Be it enacted;' 
as distinguished from the preamble. Cowel—3. In modern 
usage, the limit or scope of a statute ; the whole extent 
of its intention or provisions. — Marshall. 4. Superin- 
tendence. — Ramsay ; [rare.] 5. Limit or sphere intended ; 
scope ; extent. — Madison. 
PUS, n. [L.] The yellowish-white matter secreted in ulcers 

and wounds in the process of healing. 
Pu'SEY-ISM (pu'zy-izm), n. The principles of Dr. Pusey, 
and others, at Oxford, England, as exhibited in the " Tracts 
for the Times." They propose to carry back the discipline 
and doctrine of the Church of England to an imagined 
period, when there would have been no ground of separ- 
ation between it and the Church of Rome.— Smart. 

PO'SEY-lTE, n. One who holds the principles of Pusey- 
ism. 

PUSH, v. t. [Fr. pousser ; D. puis.] 1. To press against with 
force ; to drive or impel by pressure ; or to endeavor to 
drive by steady pressure, without striking; opposed to 
draw. 2. To butt ; to strike with the end of the horns ; 
to thrust the points of horns against. 3. To press or urge 
forward. 4. To urge ; to drive. 5. To enforce ; to press ; 
to drive to a conclusion. 6. To importune ; to press with 
solicitation; to tease. — To push doion, to overthrow by 
pushing or impulse. 

PUSH, v. i. 1. To make a thrust; as, to push with the 
horns or with a sword. — Addison. 2. To make an effort. 
3. To make an attack. 4. To burst out. — To push on, to 
drive or urge forward ; to hasten. 

PUSH, n. 1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with 
the end of a thing. 2. Any pressure, impulse, or force ap- 
plied. 3. An assault or attack. 4. A forcible onset; a 
vigorous effort. 5. Exigence ; trial ; extremity. 6. A 
sudden emergence. 7. A little swelling or pustule ; a 
wheal ; a pimple ; an eruption. 

PUSHED (pusht), pp. Pressed; urged; driven. 

PUSH'ER, n. One who drives forward. 

PUSHING, ppr. 1. Pressing; driving; urging forward. 2. 
a. Pressing forward in business ; enterprising ; driving ; 
vigorous. 

PUSHTNG-LY, adv. In a vigorous, driving manner. 

PUSH'PIN, n. A child's play, in which pins are pushed al- 
ternately. — L 1 Estrange. 

PU-SIL-LA-NIM'I-TY, n. [Fr. pusillanimite ; L. pusillanimi- 
tas.] Want of that firmness and strength of mind which 
constitutes courage or fortitude ; weakness of spirit. — 
Syn. Cowardliness ; pusillanimousness ; cowardice ; fear ; 
timidity. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS, a. [Fr. pusillanime ; It. pusillanimo.] 
1. Destitute of that strength and firmness of mind which 
constitutes courage, bravery, and fortitude ; being of little 
courage. 2. Proceeding from weakness of mind or want 
of courage. — Syn. Cowardly ; dastardly ; mean-spirited ; 
faint-hearted; timid; weak; feeble. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With want of courage. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS-NESS, n. Pusillanimity ; want of 
courage. 

PUSS, n. [D. poes; Ir. pus.] 1. The fondling name of a 
cat. 2. The sportsman's name for a hare. 

PUS'SY, it. A diminutive term for puss. — Booth. 

PUS'SY, a._ See Puksy. 

PUS'TU-LaTE, v. t. [L. pustulatus.] To form into pustules 
or blisters.— Stackhouse. 

PUS'TU-La-TED, pp. 1. Formed into pustules.— 2. a. In 
natural history, covered with pustule-like prominences. — 
Dana. 

PUS'TU-La-TING, ppr. Forming into pustules. 

* PUSTULE (pus! or pust'yule), n. [Fr. pustule ; L. pustu- 
la.] In medicine, a small elevation of the cuticle, with an 
inflamed base, containing pus. 

PUSTU-LOUS (pustfyu-lus), a. [L. pustulosus.] Full of 
pustules ; covered with pustules. 

PUT, v. t.; pret. and pp. put. [D. pooten; Fr. bouter; W. 
"pwtian and pwtiaw.] 1. To set, lay, or place. — 2. Put is 
applicable to state or condition, as well as to place ; as, put 
him in a condition to help himself. 3. To repose. 4. To 
push into action. — Milton. 5. To apply ; to set to employ- 
ment. 6. To throw or introduce suddenly, as a word. 
— 7. In Scotland, to throw a heavy stone with the hand 
raised over the head. 8. To consign to letters ; as, to put 
a thing in writing. 9. To oblige ; to require. 10. To in- 
cite ; to instigate ; to urge by influence. 11. To propose, 
as a question or supposition. 12. To reach to another. — 
Hab., ii. 13. To bring into a state of mind or temper. 
14. To offer ; to advance. 15. To cause or produce, as a 
difference. 

To put about, to turn ; to change the course ; to gibe ship. 
—To put by. 1. To turn away ; to divert. 2. To thrust 
aside. — To put down. 1. To baffle; to repress; to crush; 



to subdue; to suppress. 2. To degrade, to deprive o! 
authority, power, or place. 3. To bring into disuse ; [obs.] 
4. To confute; to silence. — To put forth. 1. To propose; 
to offer to notice. 2. To extend ; to reach. 3. To shool 
out ; to send out, as a sprout. 4. To exert ; to bring into 
action. 5. To publish, as a book. — To put in. 1. To in- 
troduce among others. 2. To insert. 3. To conduct into 

a harbor. — To put in fear, to affright , to make fearful. 

To put in mind, to remind; to call to remembrance. — To 
put in practice, to use ; to exercise. — To put into another's 
hands, to trust ; to commit to the care of.— To put off. 1. 
To divest ; to lay aside. 2. To turn aside from a purpose 
or demand; to defeat or delay by artifice. 3. To delay; 
to defer ; to postpone ; to procrastinate. 4. To pass falla- 
ciously ; to cause to be circulated or received, as reports. 
—Stcift. 5. To discard. — Shak. 6. To recommend; to 
vend ; to obtrude. 7. To vend ; to sell. 8. To pass into 
other hands. 9. To push from land.— To put on or upon. 
1. To impute ; to charge. 2. To invest with, as clothes 
or covering. 3. To assume. 4. To forward ; to promote ; 
[obs.] 5. To impose ; to inflict. — To be put upon, to be 
imposed on ; to be deceived. — To put over. 1. To refer , 
to send. — Shak. 2. To defer; to postpone. — To put out. 
1. To place at interest; to lend at use. 2. To extinguish. 
3. To send ; to emit ; to shoot ; to put forth, as buds. 4. 
To extend; to reach out; to protrude. 5. To drive out; 
to expel ; to dismiss. 6. To publish ; to make public ; 
[vulgar.] 7. To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt. — 
To put out the eyes, to destroy the power of sight; to ren- 
der blind. — To put to. 1. To add to ; to unite. 2. To re- 
fer to ; to expose. 3. To punish by ; to distress by, as tor- 
ture. — To put to it, to distress ; to press hard; to perplex; 
to give difficulty to.— To be put to it, in the passive form, to 
have difficulty.— To put the hand to. 1. To apply ; to take 
hold ; to begin ; to undertake. 2. To take by theft or 
wrong ; to embezzle. — To put to the sword, to kill ; to slay. 
— To put to death, to kill. — To put to a stand, to stop ; to 
arrest by obstacles or difficulties. — To put to trial, or on 
trial. 1. To bring before a court and jury for examina- 
tion and decision. 2. To bring to a test ; to try. — To put 
together. 1. To unite in a sum, mass, or compound ; to 
add. 2. To unite ; to connect. 3. To place in company 
or in one society. — To put trust in, to confide in ; to repose 
confidence in. — To put up. 1. To pass unavenged ; to 
overlook ; not to punish or resent. — Addison. 2. To send 
forth or shoot up, as plants ; [obs.] 3. To expose ; to of- 
fer publicly, a3 to sale. 4. To start from a cover ; [obs.] 
5. To hoard, as rent. — Spelman. 6. To reposit for preser- 
vation. • 7. To pack ; to reposit in casks -with salt for 
preservation, as meat. 8. To hide or lay aside. 9. Tc put 
in a trunk or box ; to pack. 
PUT, v. i. 1. To go or move ; [obs.] 2. To steer. 3. To 

shoot ; to germinate. — Bacon. 
To put forth. 1. To shoot ; to bud ; to germinate. 2. To 
' leave a port or haven. — To put in. 1. To enter a harbor ; 
to sail into port. 2. To offer a claim. To put in for, to 
offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for. — To put off, 
to leave land. — To put on, to urge motion ; to drive vehe- 
mently. — To put over, to sail over or across. Abbot. — To 
put to sea, to set sail ; to begin a voyage ; to advance into 
the ocean. — To put up. 1. To take lodgings ; to lodge ; 
as, we put up at the Golden Ball. 2. To offer one's self as 
a candidate. — To put up to, to advance to ; [little used.] — 
To put up with. 1. To overlook or suffer without recom- 
pense, punishment, or resentment. 2. To take without 
opposition or dissatisfaction. 
PUT, n. An action of distress ; as, a forced put. — L' Es- 
trange. 
PUT, n. [qu. W.pwt, a short, thick person.] 1. A rustic ; a 

clown. 2. A game at cards. 
PUT, n. [Fr. putain ; W. putan ; It. putta, puttano ; Sp. puta.] 

A strumpet ; a prostitute. 
PUT CaSE, for put the case, suppose the case to be so. — 

Burton. [A vulgar phrase.] 
PUT-OFF, n. An excuse ; a shift for evasion or delay. 
Pu'TAGE, n. In law, prostitution or fornication on the part 

of a female. — Cowel. 
Pu'TAN-ISM, n. [Fr. putanisme.] Customary lewdness or 

prostitution of a female. 
PuTA-TIVE, a. [Fr. putatif ; It. putativo.] Supposed; re- 
puted ; commonly thought or deemed. 
PUT-CHOCK', n. A root imported into China from the 
northwest coast of India, and used for burning as incense. 
■—M'Culloch. [Also spelled putchuck.] 
Pu'TID, n. [L. putidus.] Mean ; base ; worthless. 
Pu'TID-NESS, n. Meanness ; vileness. 
PUTLOG, n. A short piece of timber, on which the planus 

forming the floor of a scaffold are laid. 
PU-TRED'I-NOUS, a. [L. putredo.] Proceeding from putre- 
faction, or partaking of the putrefactive process ; having 
an offensive smell. — Floyer. 
PU-TRE-F ACTION, n. [Fr. ; L. putrefactio.] A natural 
process by which animal and vegetable bodies are elisor- 



See bynopsis. a, E, T, &c, long.— I, e, I. &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



P70 



801 



PYJR 






fc-anized or decomposed, and their elements newly ar- 
ranged. 
PU-TRE-FAC'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to putrefaction. 2. 

Tending to promote putrefaction; causing putrefaction. 
PuTRE-FrED, pp. or a. Dissolved ; rotten. 
Pu'TRE-FY, v. t. [Fr. putrefier ; L. putrefacio.] 1. To cause 
to be decomposed ; to disorganize and cause to pass into 
a state in which the constituent elements are newly ar- 
ranged, forming new compounds, as animal or vegetable 
bodies ; to cause to rot 2. To corrupt ; to make foul ; 
[rare.] 3. To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous. 
Pu'TRE-FY, v. i. To dissolve by spontaneous decomposi- 
tion ; to have the constituent elements newly arranged, 
forming new compounds ; to rot. 

PO'TRE-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Causing to be decomposed ; 
making rotten. 

PU-TRES'CENCE, n. [L. putrescens.] The state of decom- 
posing, as in an animal or vegetable substance ; a putrid 
state. 

PU-TRES'CENT, a. 1. Becoming putrid ; passing from an 
organized state into another state, in which the elements 
are newly arranged. 2. Pertaining to the process of putre- 
faction. 

PU-TRES'CI-BLE, a. That may be putrefied ; liable to be- 
come putrid. — Ramsay, Hist. 

PO'TRID, a. [Fr. putride ; L. putridus.] 1. In a state of dis- 
solution or disorganization, as animal and vegetable bod- 
ies ; corrupt ; rotten. 2. Indicating a state of dissolution ; 
tending to disorganize the substances composing the body. 
3. Proceeding from putrefaction, or pertaining to it. 

Pu'TRID-NESS, ? n. The state of being putrid ; corruption ; 

PU-TRID'I-TY, 5 rottenness.— Floyer. 

PU-TRI-FI-€a'TION, n. State of becoming rotten. 

f Pu'TRY, a. Rotten.— Marston. 

PUTTER, n. One who puts or places.— L 1 Estrange. 

PUTTER-ON, n. An inciter or instigator.— Shak. 

PUTTING, ppr. [from pat.] Setting ; placing ; laying. 

PUTTING, n. In Scotland, an ancient sport, the throwing 
of a heavy stone with the hand raised over the head. 

PUTTING-ST6NE, n. In Scotland, a heavy stone used in 
the game of putting. — Pope. 

PUTTO€K, it. A kite.— Spenser. 

PUTTOGK-SHROUDS, n. pi. Probably a mistake for fut- 
tock-shrouds. 

PUTTY, n. [Sp., Port, potea.] 1. A kind of paste or cement, 
compounded of whiting and linseed oil, beaten or knead- 
ed to the consistence of dough, used in fastening glass in 
sashes and in stopping crevices. — 2. Putty of tin, a powder 
of calcined tin, used in polishing glass and steel. 3. A very 
fine cement, made of lime only ; used by plasterers. — 
Brande. 

PUTTY, v. t. To cement with putty ; to fill up with putty. 
— Ash. 

"UZ'ZLE (puz'zl), v. t. 1. To involve in embarrassment or 
perplexity ; to put to a stand. 2. To make intricate ; to 
entangle, as a skein. Cowper. — Syn. To pose ; nonplus ; 
embarrass ; gravel ; bewilder ; confuse ; perplex. 

PUZ'ZLE, v. i. To be bewildered ; to be awkward. 

PUZ'ZLE, ii. 1. Perplexity; embarrassment. — Bacon. 2. 
Something to try ingenuity. 

PUZ'ZLE-HEAD-ED (puz'zl-hed-ed), a. Having the head 
full of confused notions. — Johnson. 

PUZ'ZL_ED, pp. or a. Perplexed ; intricate ; put to a stand. 

PUZ'ZLER, n. One who perplexes. 

PUZ'ZLING, ppr. or a. Perplexing ; embarrassing ; bewil- 
dering. 

PUZ-ZO-LS/NA. See Pozzuolana. 

PY€'NlTE, 11. [qu. Gr. nvKvos-] A mineral ; shorlite. 

PYC'NO-STyLE, n. [Gr. ttvkvos and arv\of.] In ancient 
architecture, a term denoting a colonnade, in which the 
space between the columns is one diameter and a half of 
the column. — Gwilt. 

PyE (pi), ii. A confused mass ; the state of printing-types 
when the sorts are mixed. 

PYE, n. A bird. See Pie. 

Py'GaRG, In. [Gr. nvyapyos, having a white rump.] 

PY-GAR'GUS, ) 1. A quadruped, probably a species of an- 
telope or gazelle. — Deut., xiv., 5. 2. Also, the female of 
the hen-harrier, a species of buzzard. — Ed. Encyc. 

PYG'MY, ) a. Pertaining to a pigmy or dwarf; very 

"PYG-ME'AN, > small; dwarfish. — Milton. 

PYG'MY, n. [Fr. pygmee ; It. pigmeo ; L. pygmaus.] A 
dwarf; a person not exceeding a cubit in height. The pyg- 
mies were a fabulous nation of dwarfs. 

PYG'MY, v. t. To dwarf; to make little.— A. Wood. 

PYL'A-GORE, n. [Gr. -vXayopas-] In ancient Greece, a del- 
egate or representative oi a city, sent to the Amphictyonic 
council. 

PY-LOR'IG, a. Pertaining to the pylorus. 

PY-Lo'RUS, n. [Gr. nvXupos-] The lower and right orifice 
of the stomach. — Coze. 

PY'OT. SeePiET. 

PYR'A-CANTH, n. [Gr. nvpuKavda.] An evergreen species 



of thorn with flame-colored berries, found in the south of 
Europe. 

PY-RAL'LO-LlTE, n. [Gr. nvp, aXXos, and XtOos.] A whit, 
or greenish mineral found in Finland, consisting essential 
ly of silica and magnesia. — Dana. 

PYR'A-MID, ii. [Fr. pyr amide ; It. pirumide; L.pyramis.] 1 
A solid body standing on a triangtilar, square, or polygon 
al base, and terminating in a point at the top ; or, in gam- 
etry, a solid figure contained by several triangles, who.st.- 
bases are all in the same plane, and which have one com- 
mon vertex. 2. An edifice, in the form of a pyramid, few 
sepulchral and religious purposes, <fec, as the pyramids 
of Egypt. 

P?-RAM'ID-AL,ffl. [Fr. pyramidale.] 1. Pyramidical. 2. lio 
lating to the pyramids. 

pyp a KTTTVI-^ 1 ) 

PYR-A-MID'I€-AL, 5 a ' Havm S the form of a Pyramid. 
PYR-A-MID'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the form of a pyramid. 
PYR-A-MID'IC-AL-NESS, n. The state of being pyramidieaL 
PY-RAM'I-DOID, a. [pyramid, and Gr. aSos.] A solid re 

sembling the pyramid. — Barlow. 
PYR'A-MIS, n. [L.] A pyramid. — Bacon. 
PYRE, n.JL. pyra.] A funeral pile ; a pile to be burned. 
P YR-E-Na'iTE, > n. [from the Pyrenees.] A variety of gar- 
PYR-E-Ne'ITE, > net. 

PY-RETICS, n. pi. Medicines for the cure of fever. 
PYR-E-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. nvperos and Xoyoi.] A discourse 

or treatise on fevers, or the doctrine of fevers. 
PY-REX'I-A. ii.; pi. Pyrexia. [Gr. nvpehs.] Fever. 
PY-REX'I-AL, a. Relating to fever. 
PY-REX'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to fever ; feverish. 
PYR'GOM, n. A variety of pyroxene, called, also, fassaite. 
PYR'1-FORM, a. [L. pyrum and form.] Having the form ol 

a pear ; pear-shaped. — Gregory. 
PYR-1-Ta'CEOUS (-shus), a. Pertaining to pyrites. 

* Py-RiTeS, n. [Gr. nvpirns, from nvp, fire.] A combina- 

tion of sulphur with iron, copper, cobalt, or nickel, pre- 
senting a white or yellowish metallic lustre. The term 
was originally applied to the sulphuret of iron from its 
giving sparks with steel.— Dana. [Pyr'ite has sometimes 
been used.] 

PY-RITIG 1 

PY PITTg'41 ( a ' P ertamni g to pyrites ; consisting of or 

PYRl-TOUS, ' $ resembling pyrites. 

PYR-I-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [pyrites, and L. fero, to produce.] 
Containing or producing pyrites. 

PYR'I-TlZE, v. t. To convert into pyrites.— Ed. Encyc. 

PYR'I-TlZ£D, ppr. Converted into pyrite. 

PYR-I-TOL'O-GY, n. [pyrites, and Gr. XoyoS-] A discourse 
_or treatise on pyrites. — Fourcroy. 

Py'RO, from Gr. nvp, fire, used as a prefix, in chemistry, to 
denote some modification by heat. — Brandc. 

PY'RO-AC'ID, ii. An acid obtained by subjecting another 
acid to the action of heat. — Brande. 

Py-RO-A-Ce'TI€ SPIRIT, n. Acetone ; a colorless, lim- 
pid liquid, of a penetrating, aromatic odor, and very in- 
flammable, obtained by the dry distillation of the acetate 
of lead or other acetate. — Ure. 

PYR'O-CHLORE, n. [Gr. nvp and xAwpa?.] A mineral oc- 
curring in yellow or brownish octahedrons. 

PY-RO-CITRIC ACID, 72. An acid obtained from citric 
_acid by the action of heat. — Cooley. 

PY-ROG'EN-OUS, a. [Gr. nvp, fire, and ytvvaw, to generate.] . 
Produced by or in fire ; igneous. — Mantell. 

PY-ROL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. nvp and Xarpua.] The worship of . 
fire. — Young. 

PY-RO-LICNE-OUS, \a. [Gr. nvp, and L. ligneus.] Gener- 

PY-RO-LIG'NOUS, 3 ated or procured by the distillation 
of wood. — Pyroligncous acid is nothing but impure and, 
dilute acetic acid, or impure vinegar. 

PY-RO-LIG'NlTE, n. A salt formed by the combination of 
pyroligneous acid with a base ; the same as an acetate. 

PY-RO-LITH'I€, ? a. [Gr. nvp and XtdoS.] The pyrolithic 

PYR-U'RI€, j acid is obtained from the silvery white 

plates which sublime from uric acid concretions, whei 
distilled in a retort. 

PY-ROL'O-GlST, ii. 1. A believer in the doctrines of heat. . 
— Black. 2. An investigator of the laws of heat. 

PY-ROL'0-GY, n. [Gr. nvp and Xoyog.] A treatise on heat , 
_or the natural history of heat, latent and sensible. 

PY-RO-Lu'SlTE, «. [Gr. nvp and Auoj.] A black ore of 
manganese often used in bleaching. 

PY-RO-Ml'LATE, n. A compound of malic acid and a saii ■> 
fiable base. — Ure. 

Py-RO-Ma'LLG, a. [Gr. nvp, and L. malum.] A term applied : 
to a volatile acid obtained by heating the malic acid in 
close vessels. 

* PYR'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. nvp ard pav-eia.] Divination b\ 
fire. — Encyc. 

PY-RO-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to pyromancy. 
PY-RO-M ANTIC, n. One who pretends to divine by tire. 
PY-ROM'E-TER, 7i. [Gr. nvp and ixcrpov.] 1. An instru- 
ment for measuring the expansion or bodies by heat 2t 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GKR, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K 
E E E 



(i as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PYT 



802 



QUA 



pyromucic acid 



An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those 
indicated by the mercurial thermometer. 

PY-RO-METRIC, \a. Pertaining to the pyrometer or 

Pf-RO-METRI€-AL, j to its use. 

PY-RO-MORPH'lTE, n. [Gr. nvp, fire, and uopcpn, form.) In 
mineralogy, native phosphate of lead, occurring in bright 
green and brown hexagonal crystals and masses. The 
name alludes to the crystalline form which the globule 
assumes on cooling. — Dana. 

PY-RO-MORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. mip and nopfa.] In mineralo- 
gy, having the property of crystallization by fire 

PY-RO-Mu'CATE, n. A combination of pyromi 
with a base. 

PY-RO-Mu'CI€, a. [Gr. nvp, and L. mucus.] The pyromucic 
acid is a white volatile substance obtained by the action 
of heat upon the mucic or saccholactic acid. 

PYR'OPE, n. [Gr. nvpunos.] A fiery or brilliant red garnet. 

PYR'O-PHANE, n. [Gr. nvp and (papos.] A mineral said to 
change its color and become transparent by heat. 

PY-ROPH'A-NOUS, a. Rendered transparent by heat. 

PY-ROPH'O-ROUS, a. Pertaining to or like pyrophorus. 

PY-ROPH'O-RUS, n. [Gr. nvp and <t>u)poS.] A substance 
which takes fire on exposure to air, or which maintains 
or retains light. 

PY-RO-PHYS'A-LlTE. See Topaz and Physalite. 

PY-RORTHlTE, n. [Gr. nvp and orthite.] An inflammable 
mineral allied to orthite, containing silica, oxyd of cerium, 
and water. — Dana. 

PYR'O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. nvp and gko-im.] An instrument 
for measuring the pulsatory motion of the air, or the in- 
tensity of heat radiating from a fire. 

PY-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. nvpioatS, a burning.] In medicine, a dis- 
ease of the stomach, attended with a sensation of burning 
in the epigastrium, accompanied with an eructation ot 
watery fluid ; commonly called water-brash. 

PY-ROS'MA-LlTE, n. A Swedish mineral of a liver-brown 
color. It is an ore of iron. 

PY-RO-TaR-TAR'IC, a. [Gr. nvp, and tartar.] A term ap- 
plied to an acid obtained by heating tartaric acid in a close 
vessel. 

PY-RO-TaRTRATE, n. A salt formed by the combination 
of pyrotartaric acid with a base. 

PYR-O-TECH'NIC, \a. [Gr. nvp and texvv-] Pertaining 

PYR-O-TECH'NIC-AL, J to fire-works, or the art of form- 
ing them. 
. P YR-O-TECH'NICS, \ n. The art of making fire-works ; or 

r PYR'O-TECH-NY, > the science which teaches the man- 
agement and application of fire in its various operations, 
particularly in making rockets and other artificial fire- I 
works. 

PYR-O-TECH'NIST, n. One skilled in pyrotechny. 

PY-ROT'IC, a. [Gr. nvpou.] Caustic. See Caustic. 

Py-ROT'IC, n. A caustic medicine. 

PYR'OX-ENE, n. [Gr. nvp and levos.] The same mineral 
with augite, which see. — Dana. 

PY-ROX-ENTG, a. Containing pyroxene ; composed chief- 
ly of pyroxene. — Dana. 

PY-ROX-YL'I€, a. [Gr. nvp and fyXov.) Obtained by the 
destructive distillation of wood ; as, pyroxylic spirit. 

PY-ROXT-LlNE, In. [Gr. nvp, fire, and fyXov, wood.] A 

PY-ROX'YLE, j term embracing gun-cotton and all 
other explosive substances, which are obtained by im- 
mersing vegetable fibre in nitric acid, or a mixture of sul- 
phurie and nitric acid, and then suffering it to dry. — Dana. 

PYR'RHIC, n. [L. pyrrhichius.] 1. In poetry, a foot consist- 
ing of two short syllables. 2. An ancient military dance. 

PYR'RHIC, a. Noting an ancient military dance, said to 
have been invented by Pyrrhus, also the foot called Pyr- 
rhic. — Brande. 

PYR'RHIN, n. [Gr. nvpivuS-] A vegeto-animal substance 
found in rain-water. 

PYR-RHON'IC, a. Pertaining to Pyrrhonism. 

PYRRHONISM, n. [from Pyrrho, the founder of the skep- 
tics.] Skepticism ; universal doubt. 

PYR'RHO-NIST, n. A skeptic ; one who doubts of every 
thing. 

PYTH-A-Go'RE-AN or PYTH-A-GO-Re'AN, n. A follower of 
Pythagoras, the founder of the Italic sect of philosophers. 

PYTH-A-Go'RE-AN, ] 

PYTH-A-GO-Re'AN, i a. Belonging to the philosophy of 

PYTH-A-GOR'IC, f Pythagoras. 

PYTH-A-GORTC-ALJ 

Py-THAG'O-RISM, n. The doctrines of Pythagoras. 

PY-THAG'O-RiZE, v. i. To speculate after the manner of 
Pythagoras. 

PYTH'I-AN, a. [from Pijthia.] Pertaining to the priestess 
of Apollo, who delivered oracles. — Pythian games, one of 
the four great national festivals of ancient Greece, cele- 
brated near Delphi in honor of Apollo, the conqueror of 
the Pythou. 

PYTHON, n. [L. Pytho ; Gr. nvdwv.] A genus of large ser- 
pents, nearly allied to the boa, and found in the East Indies. 
PYTH'O-NESS, n. [from L. Pytho.] 1. The priestess who 



gave oracular answers at Delphi, in Greece. 2. Any le 

male supposed to have a spirit of divination ; a sort ol 

witch.— Bp. Hall. 
Py-THON'I€, a. Pretending to foretell future events. 
PYTH'O-NIST, n. A conjurer. 

PYX, }n. [L. pyxis; Gr. nv\is.] 1. The box in which 
PYX'IS, > the Roman Catholics keep the host. [See Pix.} 

2. A box used in English coinage for the trial of gold and 

silver coin. — Smart. 
PYX-ID'I-UM, n. [from Gr. nv\ig.] In botany, a fruit which 

divides circularly into an upper and lower half, of which 

the former acts as a kind of lid, as the pimpernel. — Brande 



a. 



a is the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet ; an 
articulation borrowed from the Oriental koph or qoph. 
It is supposed to be an articulation more deeply guttural 
than that of K ; indeed, it might have been pronounced as 
we pronounce qu ; for we observe that, in the Latin lan- 
guage, from which the moderns have borrowed the letter, 
it is always followed by u, as it is in English, Q never 
ends an English word. Its name, cue, is said to be from 
the French queue, a tail. 

As a numeral, Q stands lor 500, and, with a dash, Q, fox 
500,000. 

Among physicians, q. pi. denotes quantum placet, as much as 
one pleases ; q. s., quantum sujjicit, as much as suffices, or 
a sufficient quantity. Q. D., is sometimes vised for quasi 
dixisset, as if he had said. 

Among mathematicians, Q. E. D. stands for quod erat demon- 
strandum, which was to be demonstrated ; and Q. E. F., 
for quod erat faciendum, which was to be done. 

In English, Q. is an abbreviation for question. 

QUAB, n. [G. quappe ; D. kwab ; Dan. qvabbe.] A fish of 
Russian rivers, which delights in clear water. 

QUA-CHILTO, n. A Brazilian fowl of the moor-hen kind. 

QUACK, v. i. [D. kwaaken ; Ger. quaken ; Dan. qvakker.] 1. 
To cry like a duck or goose. 2. To boast ; to bounce ; to 
talk noisily and ostentatiously. — Hudibras. 

QUACK, n. 1. A boaster ; one who pretends to skill or 
knowledge which he does not possess. 2. A boastful pre- 
tender to medical skill which he does not possess ; an ig- 
norant practitioner. — Syn. Empiric ; mountebank ; charl- 
atan. 

QUACK, a. Pertaining to quackery ; as, a quack medicine. 

QUACK'ER-Y, n. The boastful pretensions or mean prac- 
tice of an ignoramus, particularly in medicine ; empiricism. 

QUACK'ISH, a. Like a quack ; boasting of skill not pos- 
sessed ; trickish. — Burke. 

QUACK'ISM, n. The practice of quackery. — Ashe. 

QUACK'LE (kwakl), v. i. To be almost choked. 

QUACK'L ED (kwakld), ) a. Almost choked or suflbca 

QUACK'£N£D (kwak'nd), J ted. 

QUACK'SAL-VER, n. [Sw. qvacksalfvare.] One who boasti 
of his skill in medicines and salves ; a charlatan. 

t QUAD (kwod), a [D. kwaad.] Evil ; bad.— Gower. 

QUAD'RA,to. [It] In architecture, a square border orframa 
round a bass-relief, panel, &c. — Gwilt. 

QUAD'RA-GENE, n. [L. quadrageni.] In the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, an indulgence of forty days, that is, a remis 
sion of the temporal punishment due to sin, correspond 
ing to forty days of ancient canonical penance. — Bishop 
Fitzpatrick. 

QUAD-RA-GES'I-MA, n. [L. quadragesimus.] Lent ; so 
called because it consists of forty days. En'cyc. — Quadra- 
gesima Sunday, the first Sunday in Lent, which is about 
forty days before Easter. 

QUAD-RA-GES'I-MAL, a. Belonging to Lent ; used in Lent 
— Sanderson. 

QUAD-RA-GES'I-MALS, n. pi. Offerings formerly made to 
the mother-church on mid-Lent Sunday. 

QUAD'RAN"GLE (kwod'rang-gl), n. [L. quadratus and an- 
gulus.] 1. In geometry, a plane figure, having four angles, 
and, consequently, four sides. — 2. In English architecture. 
the inner square or rectangular court of a building — 
Gwilt. 

QUAD-RAN"GU-LAR, a. 1. Having four angles, and con- 
sequently four sides. — 2. In botany, having four prominent 
angles. 

QUAD-RAN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With four siaes and fom 
angles. 

QUAD'RANT, n. [L. quadrans.] 1. The fourth part ; the 
quarter. — 2. In geometry, the quarter of a circle, or of its 
circumference. 3. An instrument for taking the altitudes 
and distances of the heavenly bodies, of great use in as- 
tronomy and navigation. — 4. In gunnery, an instrument 
used for elevating cannon and pointing them.— Quadrant, 
of altitude, a thin, pliable strip of brass belonging to an ar 
tificial globe, graduated into ninety degrees, and used to 
measure distances. 

QUAD-RANTAL, a. Pertaining to a quadrant ; also, in 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, fcc. long.— X, E, 1, &c, short. FaR, FALL, WHAT —PREY :— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE. BOOK, 



QUA 



803 



QUA 






eluded in the fourth part of a circle. Derkam. — Quadrant- 
al triangle, a spherical triangle having one side equal to a 
quadrant. — Hutton. 

QUAD-RANTAL, n. A cubical vessel used by the Romans, 
containing, like the amphora, a cubic foot.— Smith's Diet. 

QUAD'RAT, n. [L. quadratus.] 1. In printing; a piece of 
metal used to nil the void spaces between words, &c. 2. 
A mathematical instrument, chiefly used in taking heights 
or depths. 

QUAD'RATE, a. 1. Square ; having four equal and paral- 
lel sides. 2. Divisible into four equal parts. 3. Square ; 
equal; exact. 4. Suited; fitted; applicable; correspondent. 

QUAD'RATE, n. 1. A square ; a surface with four equal 
and parallel sides. Milton. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of 
the heavenly bodies, in which they are distant from each 
other ninety degrees ; the same as quartile. 

QUAD'RaTE, v. i. [L. quadro ; Fr. quadrer.] To suit ; to 
correspond ; to agree ; to be accommodated. 

QUAD-RAT'IC, a. Square; denoting a square, or pertain- 
ing to it. — Quadratic equation, in algebra, an equation 
which contains the unknown quantity, either as a square 
only, or as a square and first power only. 

QUAD-Ra'TRIX, n. In geometry, a mechanical line, by 
means of which we can find right lines equal to the cir- 
cumference ot circles of other curves. 

QUAD'RA-TURE, n. [L. quadrature] 1. The act of squar- 
ing ; the reducing of a figure to a square ; as, the quadra- 
ture of the circle. In general, the quadrature of curves, in 
mathematics, is the finding of rectilineal figures containing 
the same areas as figures bounded "by curved lines. 2. A 
quadrate ; a square. Milton.— 3. In astronomy, the position 
of one heavenly body in respect to another when distant 
from it 90 degrees, as the moon when distant from the 
sun 90 degrees. 

QUAD'REL, n. [It quadrello.] In architecture, a kind of ar- 
tificial stone made of chalky earth and dried in the shade 
for two years ; so called from being square. 

QUAD-REN'NI-AL, a. [L. quadrienuium.] 1. Comprising 
four years. 2. Occurring once in four years. 

QUAD-REN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in four years. 

QUAD'RI-BLE, a. [L. quadro.] That may be squared. 

QUAD-RI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quadra and capsula.] In bot- 
any, having four capsules. 

QUAD'RI-COPlN, n. [L. quatuor and cornu.] The name of 
an animal with four horns. 

QUAD-RI-€ORN'OU8, a. Having four horns. 

QUAD-RI-DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. quadra and decern.] In crys- 
tallography, a term designating a crystal whose prism, or 
the middle part, has four faces and two summits, contain- 
ing together ten faces. [Not used.] 

QUAD-RI-DENTATE, a. [L. quadra and dentatus.] In bot- 
any, having four teeth on the edge. — Martyn. 

QUAD-RI-Fa'RI-OUS, a. Arranged in four rows or ranks. 

QUAD'RI-FID, a. [L. quadrifidus.] In botany, four-cleft ; di- 
vided into four parts or segments. 

QUAD-Rl'GA, n. [L.] A car drawn by four horses abreast, 
as represented on the reverses of ancient medals. 

QUAD-RI-GE-Ni'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of forty. 

QUAD-RLPU-GOUS, a. [L. quadra and jugum.] In botany, 
pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets. 

QUAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and latus.] 
Having four sides, and, consequently, four angles. 

QUAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A plane figure having four sides, 
and, consequently, four angles ; a quadrangular figure. 

QUAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The property of having 
four right-lined sides, forming as many right angles. 

QUAD-Rl-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and litera.] 
Consisting of four letters. — Parkhurst. 

QUA-DRILLE' (kwa-dril' or ka-dril'), n. [Fr.] 1. A game 
played by four persons with 40-cards. 2. A kind of dance, 
made up of sets of dancers, four in each set — Smart. 

QUAD-RIL'LION (kwod-ril'yun), n. According to the En- 
glish notation, the number produced by involving a mill- 
ion to the fourth power, or a unit with 24 ciphers annex- 
ed ; according to the French notation, a unit with 15 ci- 
phers annexed. 

QUAD-RI-Lo'BATE, \a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and lobe ; 

QUAD'RI-LoB£D, 5 Gr. ~Xo6os.] In botany, having four 
lobes. — Martyn. 

QUAD-RI-LOC'U-LAR a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and loculus.] 
Having four cells ; four-celled. — Martyn. 

r QUAD'RIN, n. [L. quadrinus.] A mite ; a 6mall piece of 
money, in value about a farthing. — Bailey. 

QUAD-RI-No'MI-AL, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and nomen.] In 
algebra, consisting of four terms. 

QUAD-RI-NOM'IC-AL, n. Consisting of four denomina- 
tions or terms.— Diet. 

QUAD-RIP'AR-TlTE, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and partitus.] 
Divided into four parts. — In botany, divided to the base into 
four parts. 

QUAD-RIP'AR-TlTE-LY, adv. In four divisions ; in a quad- 
ripartite distribution. 

QUAD-RI-PaR-Ti"TION (kwod-re-par-tish'un), n. Adivision 



by four or into four equal parts ; or the taking the fourth 
part of any quantity. 

QUAD'RI-REME, 7*. [L. quadriremis.] A galley with four 
benches of oars or rowers. — Mitford. 

QUAD-RI-SYI/LA-BLE, n. [L. quadra, quatuor, and sylla- 
ble." 



] A word consisting of four syllables. 
D'RI- VALVE, fa. In botany, havi 



QUAD'RI- VALVE, / a. In botany, having four valves ; 

QUAD-RI-VALVU-LAR, J four-valved.— Martyn. 

QUAD'RI- VALVES, n. pi. [L. quadra, quatuor, and valva.] 
A door with four folds or leaves. 

QUAD-RIV'I-AL, a. [L. quadrivium, quatuor, and via.] Hav- 
ing four ways meeting in a point. 

QUAD-ROON', ) n. [L. quadra, quatuor.] In Spanish Amer 

QUA'TER-ON, 3 ica, the offspring of a mulatto woman by 
a white man ; a person quarter-blooded. 

QUAD'RU-MAN, n. [L. quadra and manus.] An animal hav- 
ing four hands that correspond to the hands of a man, aa 
a monkey. 

QUAD-RfJ'MA-NA n. pi. Animals having four hands. 

QUAD-RO'MA-NOUS. a. Having four hands : four-handed. 

QUAD'RUNE, n. A gritstone with a calcareous cement. 

QUAD'RU-PED, a. [L. quadrupes.] Having four legs and 
feet. 

QUAD'RU-PED, n. An animal having four legs and feet a« 
a horse, an ox, a lion, <fcc. 

QUAD'RU-PLE, a. [L. quadruplus.] Four-fold ; four times 
told. 

QUAD'RU-PLE, n. Four times the sum or number. 

QUAD'RU-PLE, v. t. To multiply by four. 

QUAD'RU-PLJED, pp. or a. Multiplied by four. 

QUAD-Ru'PLI-CATE, a. Four-fold ; four times repeated. 

QUAD-RC'PLI-€a-TED, pp. Made four-fold. 

QUAD-Ru'PLI-€aTE, v. t. [L. quadruplico.] To make four- 
fold ; to double twice. 

QUAD-RU-PLI-Cl'TION, n. The act of making four-fold 
and taking four times the simple sum or amount 

QUAD'RU-PLING, ppr. Multiplying by four. 

QUAD'RU-PLY, adv. To a four-fold quantity.— Swift. 

QU^E'RE. [L.] Inquire; better written query, which see. 

QUAESTOR (kwest-), n. See Questor. 

QUaFF (kwaf ), v. t. [Fr. coiffer.] To drink ; to swallow in 
large draughts. 

QUSFF, v. i. To drink largely or luxuriously. — South. 

QUXFF.ED (kwaft), pp. Drank; swallowed in large 
draughts. 

QUaFF'ER, n. One who quaffs or drinks largely. 

QUaFF'ING, ppr. Drinking ; swallowing draughts. 

QUAG, n. See Quagmire. 

QUAG'GA, n. A quadruped nearly allied both to the ass 
and the zebra. It inhabits southern Africa. 

QUAG'GY, a. Yielding to the feet or trembling under the 
foot, as soft, wet earth. 

QUAG'MlRE, n. [that is, quake-mire.] Soft, wet land, which 
has a surface firm enough to bear a person, but which 
shakes or yields under the feet. — More. 

QUA'HAUG (kwawliog), n. In New England, the popular 
name of a large species of clam or bivalvular shell-fish. 

t QUaID, a. or pp. Crushed, subdued, or depressed. 

QUaIL (kwale), v. i. [Sax. cwellan ; W. ctcl.] 1. To sink 
into dejection ; to languish ; to fail in spirits. — Shak. — 
Pierpont. 2. To fade ; to wither ; [obs.] 

QUIIL, v. i. [Fr. cailler ; It quagliare.] To curdle ; to co- 
agulate, as milk. — Bailey. 

t QUaIL, v. t. [Sax. cwellan.] To crush ; to depress ; to sink ; 
to subdue. — Spenser. 

QUaIL, n. [It. quaglia; Fr. caille; Arm. coaill.] A gallina- 
ceous bird, closely allied to the partridges. Its flesh is es- 
teemed excellent food. 

QUaIL'-PiPE, n. A pipe or call for alluring quails into a 
net ; a kind of leathern purse in the shape of a pear, partly 
filled with horse-hair, with a whistle at the end. 

QUaILTNG, ppr. Failing; languishing. 

QUaIL'ING, n. The act of failing in spirit or resolution ; 
decay. 

QUaINT (kwante), a. [Old Fr. coint ; Arm. coent, coant.) 1. 
Nice ; scrupulously and superfluously exact ; having petty 
elegance. — Sliak. 2. Subtle ; artful ; [obs.] 3. Fine-spun ; 
arttully framed. — Shak. 4. Affected. Swift. — 5. In com- 
mon use, odd ; fanciful ; singular ; and so used by Chaucer. 

QUIINT'LY, adv. 1. Nicely ; exactly ; with petty neatness 
or spruceness. 2. Artfully. 3. Ingeniously ; with dexteri- 
ty. 4. Oddly; fancifully; singularly. 

QUaINT'NESS, n. 1. Niceness ; petty neatness or ele- 
gance. 2. Oddness ; peculiarity. 

QUaKE (kwake), v. i. [Sax. cwacian ; G. quackeln.] 1. T( 
be agitated with quick but short motions continually re 
peated. 2. To shake with violent convulsions, as well ai 
with trembling. 3. To move or be agitated, as the earth 
under the feet. Pope. — Syn. To shake ; vibrate ; trem- 
ble ; quiver ; shudder. 

t QUaKE, v. t. To frighten ; to throw into agitation.— Shak. 

QUaKE, 11. A shake ; a trembling ; a shudder ; a tremn 
lous agitation. — Suckling. 



DOVE ; -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



QUA 



804 



QUA 



(jUaK'ER, n One who quakes ; but usually, one of the re- 
ligious sect called Friends. 

QUIK'ER-ISH, a. Like a Quaker. 

QUaK'ER-ISM, n. The peculiar manners, tenets, or wor- 
ship of the Quakers. — Milner. 

QUXK'ER-LY, a. Resembling Quakers. — Goodman. 

QUaK'ER-Y, n. Quakerism. 

QUaK'ING, ppr. or a. Shaking ; trembling. 

QUaK'ING, n. A shaking; tremulous agitation; trepida- 
tion.— Pan., x. 

QUaK'ING-GRaSS, n. The name of various species of 
graminaceous plants whose spikelets have a tremulous 
motion. 

QUIK'ING-LY, adv. Tremblingly. 

QUAL'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be qualified; that may be 
abated or modified.— Barrow. 

QUAL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. Any natural endowment 
or any acquirement which fits a person for a place, office, 
or employment, or enables him to sustain any character 
with success. 2. Legal power or requisite. 3. Abate- 
ment; diminution. 4. Modification; restriction ; limitation. 

QUAL-I-FI-€a'TOR, n. In Roman Catholic ecclesiastical 
courts, an officer whose business it is to examine and pre- 
pare causes for trial. — Murdoch. 

QUAL'I-Fl ED, pp. or a. Fitted or adapted by accomplish- 
ments or endowments ; competent ; limited ; modified. 

QUAL'I-Fl-ED-NESS, n. The state of being qualified or fitted. 

QUAL'I-Fl-ER, n. He or that which qualifies ; that which 
modifies, reduces, tempers, or restrains. — Junius. 

QUAL'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. qualifier ; It. qualificare.] 1. To fur- 
nish with the knowledge, skill, or other accomplishment 
necessary for any place, character, or purpose. 2. To 
make capable of any employment or privilege ; to furnish 
with legal power or capacity. 3. To abate ; to soften ; to 
diminish, as the rage of fire.— Shak. 4. To ease ; to as- 
suage. 5. To limit by exceptions or modifications, as a 
statement. 6. To modulate or vary, as sound. Brown. — 
Syn. To fit ; equip ; prepare ; adapt ; capacitate ; modify ; 
restrict; restrain. 

QUAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Furnishing with the necessary 
qualities, properties, or accomplishments for a place, sta- 
tion, or business ; furnishing with legal power ; abating ; 
tempering : modifying ; restraining. 

QUAL'I-TA-TlVE, a. Relating to quality.— Qualitative anal- 
ysis, in chemistry, is that in which, by finding certain qual- 
ities in a compound, we determine the elements of which 
it is composed. 

Q.UAL'1-TY, w. [L. qualitas ; Fr. qualite.] 1. Property ; at- 
tribute ; that which belongs to a body or substance, or can 
be predicated of it. 2. Nature, relatively considered. 3. 
Virtue or particular power of producing certain effects. 
4. Disposition ; temper. 5. Virtue or vice. 6. Acquire- 
ment; accomplishment. 7. Character. 8. Comparative 
rank ; condition in relation to others. 9. Superior rank 
or distinction ; superiority of birth or station; as, persons 
of quality. 10. Persons of high rank, collectively. 

* QUALM (kwam), n. [D. kwaal; G. qualm; D. kwalm.] 1. 

A rising in the stomach, as it is commonly called ; a fit of 
nausea, or a disposition or effort of the stomach to eject 
its contents. 2. A sudden fit or seizure of sickness at the 
stomach ; a sensation of nausea. 3. A scruple of con- 
science, or uneasiness of conscience. 

* QUaLMTSH (kwam'ish), a. Sick at the stomach ; inclined 

to vomit ; affected with nausea or sickly languor. 

* QUA.LMTSH-LY, adv. In a qualmish manner. 

* QUALM'ISH-NESS, n. Nausea. 

QUAM'DI-U SE BE'NE GES'SE-RIT. [L.] During good 

behavior. 
QUAM'O-CLIT, n. A genus of climbing ornamental plants, 

found in the hot parts of America, also in India and China. 

—P. Cyc. 

* QUAN'DA-RY, n. Doubt ; uncertainty ; a state of diffi- 
culty or perplexity. [A low word.] 

t QUAN'DA-RY, v. t. To bring into a state of uncertainty or 
difficulty. — Otway. 

QUANT (kwant), n. A round cap at the bottom of a pole, 
as of a jumping-pole. to prevent its sinking into the ground. 
— Halliwe.il. 

QUAN'TI-TA-TIVE, a. Relating to quantity. Taylor.— 
Quantitative analysis, in chemistry, is that which determ- 
ines the proportional quantity of each of the elements 
that make up a compound. 

QUAN'TI-TIVE, a. Estimable according to quantity.— Digby. 

QUANTI-Tl VE-LY, adv. So as to be measurable by quantity. 

QUAN'TI-TY, n. [Fr. quantite; It. quantitd ; L. quantitas.] 
1. That property of any thing which may be increased or 
diminished.— Johnson. The quantity of a thing is the an- 
swer to the question quantus, i. e., how much ? It is 
used to denote the measurement of magnitude or weight. 
Hence, a mass or aggregate of matter. The quantity of 
matter depends upon its density and magnitude. 2. An 
indefinite extent of space. 3. A portion or part.— Shak. ; 
\obs.) 4. A large portion.— 5. In mathematics, any thing 



which can be multiplied, divided, or measured. Day. — b" 
In grammar, the measure of a syllable ; that which determ 
ines the time in which it is pronounced. — 7. In logic, a 
category, universal, or predicament ; a general conception. 
—8. In music, the relative duration of a note or syllable. 
— Quantity of motion, in mechanics, momentum. 

QUANTUM, n. [L.] The quantity ; the amount. 

QUANTUM MER'U-IT. [L.] In law, an action grounded 
on a promise that the defendant would pay to the plaintiil 
for his service as much as he should deserve. 

QUANTUM SUF'FI-CIT. [L.] Sufficient; as much as is 
needed. 

QUANTUM VA-LE'BAT. [L.] An action to recover of the 
defendant for goods sold as much as they were worth. 

QUa-QUA-VERS'AL, a. [L. quaqua and versus.] In geology. 
a term applied to the dip of beds to all points of the com- 
pass round a center, as of beds of lava round a crater.— 
Lyell. 

QUAR'AN-TiNE (kwor'an-teenX n. [It. quarantina, forty ; 
Sp. quarentena ; Fr. quarantaine.] 1. A time of variable 
length, during which a ship arriving in port and suspected 
of being infected with a malignant, contagious disease, is 
obliged to forbear all intercourse with the city or place. 
This was originally forty days, because it was supposed 
that any infectious disease would break out, if at all, within 
that period; hence the name. — 2. In law, the period of 
forty days, during which the widow of a man dying seized 
of land has the privilege of remaining in the mansion 
house. 

QUAR-AN-TlNE' (kwor-an-teen') v. t. To prohibit from in 
tercourse with a city or its inhabitants ; to compel to re 
main at a distance from shore for some limited period, or 
account of real or supposed infection. [Applied to ship, 
or to persons and goods.] 

QUAR-AN-TiNED' (kwor-an-teend'), pp. Restrained frort 
communication with the shore for a limited period, as t 
ship or its crew and passengers. 

QUAR-AN-TiN'ING, ppr. Prohibiting from intercourse wit! 
the port, as a ship or its crew and passengers. 

t QUAR'RE, for quarry. 

QUARREL (kwor'rel), n. [W. cweryl ; Fr. querelle ; L., It 
querela; Sp. querella.] 1. A petty fight or scuffle; front 
its noise and uproar. 2. A contention or disputed cause 
as, "their quarrels they debate." — Dry den. 3. A bread 
of friendship or concord ; open variance between parties 
4. Cause of dispute. — Shak. 5. Something that gives t 
right to mischief, reprisal, or action ; [obs.] 6. Objection ( 
ill-will, or reason to complain ; ground of objection or dis 
pute. — Mark, vi., 19. 7. Something peevish, malicious, or 
disposed to make trouble ; [obs.] — Syn. Brawl; broil, 
squabble ; affray ; feud ; tumult ; contest ; dispute ; alter- 
cation ; contention. 

QUARREL, n. [W. cwarel.] 1. An arrow with a square 
head ; [not used, unless in poetry.] 2. A diamond-shaped 
pane of glass, or a square pane placed diagonally. — Gwilt. 

QUAR'REL, v. i. [Fr. quereller.] 1. To dispute violently, or 
with loud and angry words ; to wrangle ; to scold. 2. To 
fight ; to scuffle ; to contend ; to squabble ; [used of two 
persons or of a small number.] 3. To fall into variance. 
4. To find fault ; to cavil. 5. To disagree ; to be at vari- 
ance ; not to be in accordance in form or essence. 

QUAR'REL, v. t. 1. To quarrel with.— Perc Jonson. 2. T: 
compel by a quarrel. 

QUAR'REL-ER, n. One who quarrels, wrangles, or fights. 

QUAR'REL-ING, ppr. Disputing with vehemence, or loud, 
angry words ; scolding ; wrangling ; fighting ; finding 
fault; disagreeing. 

QUAR'REL-ING, n. A disputing with angry words ; breach 
of concord ; a caviling or finding fault.— Syn. Dissension ; 
strife ; contention ; dispute ; brawling ; wrangling ; alter- 
cation ; discord ; disagreement. 

QUAR'REL-OUS (kwor'rel-us), a. Apt or disposed to quar- 
rel ; petulant ; easily provoked to enmity or contention. 
[Little used.] 

QUAR'REL-S6ME (kworirel-sum), a. Apt to quarrel ^giv- 
en to brawls and contention ; inclined to petty fighting ; 
easily irritated or provoked to contest.— Syn. Conten- 
tious ; brawling ; irascible ; choleric ; petulant ; irritable. 

QUAR'REL-S6ME-LY, adv. In a quarrelsome manner 
with a quarrelsome temper ; petulantly. — Hall. 

QUARHEL-SOME-NESS, n. Disposition to engage in con 
tention and brawls ; petulance. 

QUAR'RIPD, pp. or a. Dug from a pit or cavern. 

QUAR.'RI-ER, n. A worker at a quarry. 

QUAR'RY, n. [Fr. carre, for quarre.] 1. A pane of glass oi 
a peculiar form ; a quarrel, which see ; [obs.] 2. An ar 
row with a square head; [obs.]— 3. In falconry, the game 
which a hawk is pursuing or has killed.— 4. Among hunt 
ers, a part of the entrails" of the beast taken, given to thf 
hounds. 5. A heap of game killed. — Smart. 

QUAR'RY, n. [Fr. carriere; Norm, quarrier.] 1. A place 
cavern, or pit where stones are dug from the earth, or sep 
arated from a large mass of rocks. — 2. In Paris, the qum 



k See Sy nopsis. 1, E, I, Sec., long.— a, e, I, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



<iiik 



805 



QUA 



rtes arc a vast cavern under the city, several miles in ex- 
tent. 
QUAR'RY, v. i. To prey upon, as a vulture or harpy. — 

L 1 Estrange. [A low word, and not much used.] 
QUAR'RY, v. t. To dig or take from a quarry. 
QUAR'RY-ING, n. The act or business of digging stones 

from a quarry. 
QUAR'RY-ING, ppr. Digging stones from a quarry. 
QUAR'RY-MAN, n. A man who is occupied in quarrying 

stones. 
QUART, n. [It quarta; Fr. quarte; L. quartus.\ 1. The 
fourth part ; a quarter ; [obs.] 2. The fourth part of a 
gallon ; two pints. 3. A vessel containing the fourth of a 
gallon. 
QUART (kart), n. Four successive cards of the same suit 

in the game of piquet 
QUAR'TAN. a. [L. quartanus.] Designating the fourth ; oc- 
curring every fourth day. 
QUAR'TAN, n. An intermitting ague that occurs every 

fourth day, or with intermissions of seventy-two hours. 
QUARTa'TION, 7i. In chemistry and metallurgy, the alloy- 
ing of one part of gold that is to be refined with three 
parts of silver, by which means the nitric or sulphuric acid 
is enabled to separate the gold from the inferior metals 
originally associated with it.— Ure. 
QUARTER, n. [Fr. quart, quartier ; It. quartiere ; Sp. quar- 
tet ; D. kwartier ; G. quartier ; L. quartus.] 1. The fourth 
part. — 2. In weight, the fourth part of a hundred pounds av- 
oirdupois, or of 112 lbs., that is, 28 lbs.— 3. In dry measure, 
the fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels of grain ; 
also, the fourth part of a chaldron of coal.— 4. In astrono- 
my, the fourth part of the moon's period or monthly revo- 
lution. 5. A region in the hemisphere or great circle ; 
one of the large divisions of the globe ; a point of the com- 
pass ; primarily, one of the four cardinal points. 6. A par- 
ticular region of a town, city, or country. — 7. Usually in 
the plural, quarters, the place of lodging or temporary resi- 
dence ; appropriately, the place where officers and soldiers 
lodge. 8. Proper station. — 9. On board of ships, quarters 
signifies the stations or places where the officers and men 
are posted in action. — 10. In military affairs, the remission 
or sparing of the life of a captive or an enemy when in 
one's power ; mercy granted by a conqueror to his ene- 
my, when no longer able to defend himself. 11. Treatment 
shown to an enemy ; indulgence ; [rarely used.] 12. Friend- 
ship ; amity ; concord ; [obs.] — 13. In the slaughter-house, 
one limb of a quadruped with the adjoining parts ; or one 
fourth part of the carcass of a quadruped, including a limb. 
— 14. In a shoe, the part which forms the side from the heel 
to the vamp. — 15. In the menage, the quarters of a horse's 
foot are the sides of the coffin, between the toe and the 
heel. — 16. In a siege, quarters are the encampment on one 
of the principal passages round the place besieged, to pre- 
vent relief and inteixept convoys. — 17. In seminaries of 
learning, a fourth part of the year, or three months. — 18. 
The quarter of a ship is the part of a ship's side which lies 
toward the stern. The wind is said to be on the quarter 
when it blows in a line between that of the keel and the 
beam and abaft the latter. — 19. In heraldry, one of the di- 
visions of a shield when it is divided cross-wise. 
&UAR.TER, v. t. 1. To divide into four equal parts. 2. To 
divide ; to separate into parts. 3. To divide into distinct 
regions or compartments. 4. To station soldiers for lodging. 
5. To lodge ; to fix on a temporary dwelling. 6. To diet ; 
[obs.] — To quarter arms, in heraldry, is to add the arms of 
other families to the hereditary arms. 
QUARTER, v. i. To lodsre ; to have a temporary residence. 
QUAR'TER-DaY, n. The day that completes three months, 
the quarter of a year ; the day when quarterly payments 
are made of rent or interest. 
QUARTER-DECK, n. That part of the upper deck abaft 

the muin-mast. 
QUARTER-FOIL, n. [Fr. quatre and feuille.] In architect- 
ure, a modern term denoting a form disposed in four seg 
ments of circles, supposed to resemble an expanded flower 
of four petals. — Gwilt. 
QUARTER-MASTER, n. 1. In an army, an officer whose 
duty is to provide quarters, provisions, forage, and am- 
munition for the army, and superintend the supplies. — 2. 
In a ship of war, a petty officer who attends to the helm, 
binacle, signals, &c, under the direction of the master. 
aUAR'TER-MAS-TER-dEN'ER-AL, n. In military affairs, 

the chief officer in the quarter -master's department. 
QUARTER-ROUND, n. In architecture, the echinus or 

ovolo. 
QUARTER-SES-SIONS, n.pl. In English law, a court held 
every three months in each county, by at least two just- 
ices of the peace. — Quarter sessions in boroughs are held 
by the recorders. — Brande. 
QUARTER-STAFF, n. A weapon of defense, so called 
from the manner of using it, one hand being placed in the 
middle and the other half-way between the middle and 
end. — Brande. 



QUARTER-A6E, n. A quarterly allowance.— Hudibras. 

QUARTERED, pp. Divided into four equal parts or quart 
ers ; separated into distinct parts ; lodged ; stationed for 
lodging. 

QUAR'TER-ING, ppr. Dividing into quarters or into dis- 
tinct parts ; stationing for lodgings. 

QUAR'TER-ING, n. 1. A station. — Montagu. 2. Assign- 
ment of quarters for soldiers. — 3. In heraldry, the division 
of a shield containing many coats.— 4. In architecture, a se- 
ries of quarters or small upright posts. 

QUARTER-LY, a. 1. Containing or consisting of a fourth 
part. 2. Recurring at the end of each quarter of the year. 

QUARTER-LY, adv. By quarters ; once in a quarter of a year. 

QUARTER-LY. n. A periodical work published quarterly. 

QUARTERN, n. The fourth part of a pint ; a gill. 

QUARTERN-L5AF, n. A loaf of bread made out of a 
quarter of a stone of flour, the stone being 14 lbs. 

QUARTERS, n. pi. In architecture, small upright timber 
posts, used in partitions. — Gwilt. 

QUARTETTE', ) n. [It quartetto.] 1. In music, a composi- 

QUAR-TET', > ti° n m wur parts, each part performed 
by a single voice or instrument — 2. In poetry, a stanza of 
four lines. 

QUARTlLE, n. An aspect of the planets when they are 
distant from each other a quarter of the circle, ninety de- 
grees, or three signs. 

QUARTINE, n. In botany, the fourth integument of the 
nucleus of a seed, reckoning the outermost as the first. — 
Lindley. 

QUARTO, n. [L. quartus.] A book of the size of the fourth 
of a sheet ; a size made by twice folding a sheet, which 
then makes four leaves. 

QUARTO, a. Denoting the size of a book in which a sheet 
makes four leaves. 

QUARTOZE, n. The four aces in the game of picket— 
Hoyle. 

QUARTZ, n. [G. quartz.] Pure silex, occurring often in pel- 
lucid, glassy crystals, having the form of a six-sided prism, 
terminated at each end by a pyramid ; also in masses of va- 
rious colors, more or less transparent, to opaque. Quartz 
is an essential constituent of granite, and abounds in rocks 
of all ages. — Dana. 

QUARTZ-IF'ER-OUS, a. [quartz, and L. fero.] Consisting 
chiefly of quartz. — Dana. 

QUARTZ'lTE, n. Granular quartz. — Dana. 

QUARTZ'oSE, > a. Containing quartz ; partaking of the 

QUARTZ'Y, ) nature or quality of quartz ; resembling 
quartz. 

QUAS, ? n. In Russia, a sour, fermented drink, or beer, in 

QUASS, 5 common use. 

QUASH, v. t. [Sax. cwysan ; D. kwetsen ; G. quetschen ; Fr. 
casser ; It. squassare; L. quasso.] 1. Properly, to beat 
down or beat in pieces ; to crush. 2. To ci-ush ; to sub- 
due. — 3. In law, to abate, annul, overthrow, or make void. 

QUASH, v. i. To be shaken with a noise. — Sharp. 

QUASH, n. A species of c.uc.urbita ; more property, squash 
so called, probably, from its softness. 

QUASHED (kwosht), pp. Crushed ; subdued ; abated. 

QUASHING, ppr. Crushing; subduing; abating. 

QUa'Si, as if. This Latin word is sometimes used before 
English words to express resemblance ; as, a quasi con- 
tract, an implied contract: a quasi corporation, a body 
that is partially a corporate one ; quasi argument, that 
which resembles or is used as an argument. 

QUAS-I-Mo'DO, ?/. Among Roman Catholics, the first Sun- 
day after Easter. — Brande. 
QUAS-Sa'TION, n. [L. qtiassatio.] The act of shaking; con 
cussion ; the state of being shaken. — Gay ton. 

QUAS'SIA (kwosh'ya), n. "A tree whose wood and bark 
are of a bitter taste, and possess valuable medicinal pow- 
ers. That which is now used, is produced by the Picraenn 
excclsa of Lindley. 

QUAS'SiNE, ? n. An intensely bitter principle obtained 

QUAS'SlTE, 5 from the quassia of the shops, the Picrozna 
excelsa of Lindley. 

f QUAT, n. A pustule or pimple. Hence, an irritable per- 
son. — Shak. 
QUA'TER-CGUSTNS (ka'ter-kuz'nz), n. pi. [L. quatuor, and 
cousin.] Those within the first four degrees of kindred. 
— Skinner. 
QUA-TER'NA-RY, n. [L. quatcrnarius.] The number four 
QUATER/NA-RY, a. 1. Consisting of four ; by fours. 
Gregory. — 2. In geology, a term applied to strata supposed 
to be more recent than the upper tertiary. — Dana. 
QUA-TER'NI-ON, n. [L. qua'ernio.] 1. The number four 

2. A file of four soldiers. — Acts, xii. 
QUA-TER'NI-ON, v. t. To divide into files or companies. 
QUA-TER'NI-TY, n. The number four.— Brown. 
QUa-TER-NOX'A-LATE, n. A combination of one equiva- 
lent of oxalic acid with four equivalents of a base. 
QUATER-ON. See Quadroon. 

QUATRAIN (kwot'ran), n. [Fr.] A stanza of four lines 
rhyming alternately.- -Dryden. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J • S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



QUE 



806 



QUE 



r QUA VE, lor quave? 

mUIVE'MlRE, for quagmire. 

QUI'VER, v. i. [W. cwibiaw ; Sp. quiebro.] 1. To shake the 
voice ; to sing with tremulous modulations of voice. 2. 
To produce a shake on a musical instrument. 3. To trem- 
ble ; to vibrate. 

QUa'VER, n. 1. A shake or rapid vibration of the voice, or 
a shake on an instrument of music. 2. A note and meas- 
ure of time, in music, equal to half a crotchet or the eighth 
of a semibreve. 

QUa'VERED, pp. or a. Distributed into quavers. 

QUI'VER-ER, n . A warbler. 

(lUA'VER-ING,.£pr. or a. Shaking the voice or the sound 
of an instrument ; trembling ; vibrating 

QUa'VER-ING, n. The act of shaking the voice, or of mak- 
ing rapid vibrations of sound on an instrument of music. 

* QUAY (ke), n. [Fr. quai ; D. kaai ; Arm. qae.] A mole or 
bank formed toward the sea or on the side of a river for 
the purpose of loading and unloading vessels. — Gwilt. 

* QUAY (ke), v. t. To furnish with quays. — J. Barlow. 
QUAYAGE (ke'aje), n. Wharfage.—- Stoart. 

\ QUeACH, n. A thick, bushy plot. — Chapman. 

I-QUeACH, v. i. To stir ; to move. See Quick. 

QUE ACHY", a. 1. Shaking; moving, yielding, or trembling 
under the feet, as moist or boggy ground. — Dryden. 2. 
Thick ; bushy ; [obs.] 

QUeAN (kween), n. [Sax. cwcen or cwen.] A worthless 
woman ; a slut ; a strumpet. — Swift. [Little used.] 

QUeA'SI-NESS, n. Nausea ; qualmishness ; inclination to 
vomit. 

QUeA'SY (kwe'ze), a. 1. Sick at the stomach; affected 
with nausea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Fastidious ; squeam- 
ish; delicate. 3. Causing nausea. 
QUECK, v. i. [G. quackeln.] To shrink ; to flinch. 

(dUEEN, n. [Sax. cwcen or cwen ; Goth, queins, quens ; Dan. 
qvin.de; Sw. qvinna.] 1. The consort of a king; a queen 
consort. 2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom ; 
a queen regnant, sometimes called queen regent. 3. The 
sovereign of a swarm of bees, or the female of the hive. — 
Queen of May, May-queen, which see. — Queen of the mead- 
ows, meadow-sweet, a plant. — Lee. 

QUEEN, v. i. To play the queen ; to act the part or char- 
acter of a queen. — Shak. 

QUEEN'-AP-PLE (-ap-pl), n. A kind of apple so called. 

QUEEN-DOW'A-GER, n. The widow of a king. 

QUEEN'-GoLD, n. A royal duty or revenue belonging to 
every queen of England during her marriage to the king. 

QUEEN'-LTKE, a. Resembling a queen. — Drayton. 

QUEEN'-MoTH'ER (kween'-mufh'er), n. A queen-dowa- 
ger who is also mother of the reigning king or queen. 

QUEEN'-PoST, n. In architecture, an upright post in a roof 
for suspending the beam when the principal rafters do 
not meet in the ridge. 

QUEEN'S'-WaRE, 7i. Glazed earthen-ware of a cream color. 

QUEENING, n. An apple. — Mortimer. 

QUEEN'LY, a. Like a queen ; becoming a queen ; suitable 
to a queen. 

QUEER, a. [G. quer.] Odd ; singular ; hence, whimsical. — 
Spectator. 

QUEER'ISH, a. Rather queer ; somewhat singular. 

QUEER'LY, adv. In an odd or singular manner. 

QUEER'NESS, n. Oddity ; singularity ; particularity. 

QUEEST, n. A ring-dove, a species of pigeon. — Chalmers. 

QUeINT (kwent), pret. and pp. of quench. — Gower. 

QUELL, v. t. [Sax. cwellan ; Dan. qvceler.] 1. To cause to 
cease, as a sedition. 2. To reduce to peace. 3. To re- 
duce or bring down, as pride. Dryden. — Syn. To subdue ; 
crush ; overpower ; put down ; quiet ; allay ; calm. 

QUELL, v. i. To die ; to abate. — Spenser. 

t QUELL, n. Murder.— Shak. 

QUELLED, pp. Crushed ; subdued ; quieted, 

QUELL'ER, n. One who crushes or subdues. — Shak. 

QUELLING, ppr. Crushing ; subduing ; reducing to peace. 

QUELQUE'-CHOSE (kek'-shoze), n. [Fr.] A trifle ; akick- 
sh aw. — Donne. 

tQUtME, v. t. [Sax. cweman.] To please. — Spenser. 

QUENCH, v. t. [Sax. cwencan.] 1. To extinguish ; to put 
out. 2. To still ; to quiet ; to repress. 3. To allay or ex- 
tinguish. 4. To destroy. 5. To check ; to stifle. 

t QUENCH, v. i. To cool ; to become cool.— Shak. 

QUENCHA-BLE, a. That may be quenched or extin- 
guished. 

QUENCHED (kwencht), pp. Extinguished ; allayed ; re- 
pressed. 

QUENCH'ER, n. He or that which extinguishes. 

QUENCHING, ppr. Extinguishing ; quieting ; stifling ; re- 
pressing. 

QUENCH'LESS, a. That can not be quenched or repressed. 
—Syn. Inextinguishable; unquenchable; irrepressible. 

U"bENCH'LESS-LY, adv. In a quenchless manner. 

QUENCHLESS-NESS, n. State of being quenchless. 

QUER'CIT-RIN, n. The coloring principle of quercitron 
bark. — TJre. 



QUER'CIT-RON, n. [L. quercus, an oak, and citrina, lemon 
colored.] L The quercus tinctoria, black or dyer's oak 
which grows from Canada :o Georgia, and west to the 
Mississippi. It is one of the largest trees of the American 
forest. 2. The bark of quercus tinctoria, a valuable article 
in dyeing. Although this oak affords a yellow color, yet it 
is not the yellow oak, a name commonly applied to Q. cas- 
tanea. 

t QUER'ELE, n. [L. querela ; Fr. querelle.] A complaint to 
a court. — Ayliffe. 

t QUe'RENT, n. [L. querens.) The complainant ; the plain- 
tiff. 

QUe'RENT, n. [L. quetrens.] 1. An inquirer ; [little used.] 

2. A complainant or plaintiff in a court of law. — Smart. 
QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. [L. querimonia.] Complaining; quer- 
ulous ; apt to complain. 

QUER-I-M5'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With complaint ; querulously. 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Disposition to complain; a 
complaining temper. 

QUe'RIST, n. [L. qucero.] One who inquires or asks ques- 
tions. — Swift. 

QUERK. See Quirk. 

t QUERK'ENED (kwerk'nd), a. Choked. 

QUERL, v. t. [G. querlen.] To twirl ; to turn or wind 
round ; to coil. [This is a legitimate English word, in 
common use in New England.] 

QUERN, n. [Sax. cwyrn, cweorn; Goth, quairn; D. kweem; 
Dan. qvern.] A hand-mill for grinding grain ; a mill, the 
stone of which was turned by hand, used before the in- 
vention of wind-mills and water-mills. 

QUER'PO, n. [Sp. cuerpo; L. corpus; Sp. en cuerpo de ca- 
misa, half dressed.] A garment close to the body. Hence, 
to be in querpo, is to be defenseless. — Hudibras. 

QUER'QUE-DULE, n. [L. querquedula.] An aquatic fowl, 
a species of teal. — Encyc. 

QUER'RY (kwer're), n. A groom. See Equkrry. 

QUER'U-LOUS, a. [L. querulus.] 1. Disposed to murmur., 
much given to uttering complaints. 2. Expressing com- 
plaint. — Syn. Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whin- 
ing ; mourning ; murmuring ; discontented ; dissatisfied. 

QUERTJ-LOUS-LY, adv. In a complaining manner. 

QUER'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to complain, or the 
habit or practice of murmuring. 

QUe'RY. n. [L. qucere.] A question ; an inquiry to be an- 
swered or resolved ; an interrogatory. — Newton. 

QUe'RY, v. i. To ask a question or questions. — Pope. 

QUe'RY, v. t. 1. To seek ; to inquire. 2. To examine by 
questions. 3. To doubt of. 

QUEST, n. [Fr. quete for queste ; L. qucero, quastus.] 1. The 
act of seeking ; search; pursuit. 2. Inquest; a jury; [obs.] 

3. Searchers, collectively ; [obs.] 4. Inquiry ; examina- 
tion ; [obs.] 5. Request ; desire ; solicitation. 

t QUEST, v. i. To go in search. 

QUEST, v. t. To search or seek for.— Herbert. 

t QUEST'ANT, n. A seeker.— Shak. 

QUESTION (ques'chun), n. [Fr., Sp. question ; L. qucestio.] 

1. The act of asking ; an interrogatory. 2. That which is 
asked ; something proposed which is to be solved by an- 
swer. 3. Inquiry ; disquisition ; discussion. 4. Dispute 
or subject of debate. 5. Doubt ; controversy ; dispute. 
6. Trial ; examination ; judicial trial or inquiry. 7. Ex- 
amination by torture. — Ayliffe. 8. Endeavor ; effort ; act 
of seeking; [obs.] — 9. In logic, a proposition stated by 
way of interrogation. — In question, in debate ; in the course 
of examination ; as, the point in question. — Leading ques- 
tion, one which is so put as to show the answer which is 
desired, and thus to lead and prepare the way for its being 
given. It is not allowed, in courts of law, to put such 
questions to a witness under examination. 

QUESTION, v. i. 1. To ask a question or questions ; to in- 
quire by interrogatory or proposition to be answered. 2. 
To debate by interrogatories. — Shak. 

QUESTION, v. t. 1. To inquire of by asking questions ; to 
examine by interrogatories. 2. To be uncertain of. 3. 
To have no confidence in ; to treat as doubtful. — Syn. To 
ask ; interrogate ; catechise ; doubt ; controvert ; dispute. 

QUESTION-A-BLE, a. That may be questioned. 2. Liable 
to be doubted or disputed ; liable to suspicion. — Syn. Dis- 
putable ; controvertible ; debatable ; uncertain ; doubtful ; 
suspicious. 

QUESTION- A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
doubtful, questionable, or suspicious. 

QUESTION-A-BLY, adv. Doubtfully. 

QUESTION-A-RY, a. Inquiring ; asking questions. 

QUESTIONED, pp. 1. Interrogated ; examined by ques- 
tions. 2. Doubted ; disputed. 

QUESTION-ER, n. One who asks questions ; an inquirer. 

QUESTIONING, ppr. Interrogating ; calling in question ; 
doubting. 

QUESTION-IST, n. 1. A questioner ; an inquirer. Hall— 

2. In the English universities, a name given to those who 
are in the last term of their college course, and are soon 
to be examined for honors or degrees.— C. A. Bristed. 



* See Si/nopsis. A. E, I, Sec., long.—l, e, i, &c.. short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MA RlNE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



qui 



807 



QUI 



UUESTION-LESS, adv. Beyond a question or doubt j 
doubtless ; certainly ; assuredly ; surely.— South. 

QUESTMAN, n. One legally empowered to make quest of 
certain matters ; especially, a church-warden's assistant. — 
Blount. 

\ QUESTM6N"GER (kwest'mung-ger), n. An informing 
officer or grand-juror. — Bacon. 

QUESTOR, 7i. [L. qucestor.) In Roman antiquity, an officer 
who had the management of the public treasure. At an 
early period there were also public accusers styled ques- 
tors, but the office was soon abolished. — Smith's Diet. 

QUES'TOR-SHIP, n. 1. The office of a questor or Roman 
treasurer. 2. The term of a questor's office. 

f QUESTRIST. n. A seeker ; a pursuer.— Shak. 

QUES'TU-A-RY, a. Studious of profit.— Brown. 

QUESTU-A-RY. n. One employed to collect profits. 

QUEUE (ku). See Cue. 

QUIB, n. [W. cwip, gwib.] A sarcasm ; a bitter taunt ; a 
quip ; a gibe. 

QUlB'BLE, n. [W. cwipiaw or gwibiaw.) 1. A start or turn 
from the point in question, or from plain truth ; an eva- 
sion ; a cavil ; a pretense. 2. A pun ; a low conceit. 

QUlB'BLE, v. i. 1. To evade the point in question, or plain 
truth, by artifice, play upon words, caviling, or any con- 
ceit ; to trifle in argument or discourse. 2. To pun. 

QUIB'BLER n. 1. One who evades plain truth by trifling 
artifices, play upon words, or cavils. 2. A punster. 

QUIB'BLING, ppr. or a. Evading the truth by artifice or 
play upon words ; punning. 

QUIB'BLING-LY, adv. Triflingly ; evasively. 

1 QUI€K, v. i. [Sax. cwic, cwiccian.] To stir ; to move. 

QUI€K, a. [Sax. cwic; D. kwik; G. quick; Dan. qvik; Sw. 
qvick.] 1. Primarily, alive ; living ; as, the quick and the 
dead ; [little used.) 2. Done with celerity. 3. Done or 
occurring in a short time. 4. Characterized by activity, 
promptitude, or readiness. 5. Moving with rapidity or 
celerity. — Quick with child, pregnant with a living child. — 
Syn. Speedy ; expeditious ; swift ; rapid ; hasty ; prompt ; 
ready ; active ; brisk ; nimble ; agile ; lively ; sprightly. 

QUICK, adv. 1. Nimbly ; with celerity ; rapidly ; with haste ; 
speedily ; without delay. 2. Soon ; in a short time ; with- 
out delay. 

QUICK, n. [Sw. qviga.) 1. A living animal ; [obs.) 2. The 
living flesh ; sensible parts ; as, stung to the quick. 3. Liv- 
ing shrubs or trees ; a living plant ; applied particularly 
to the hawthorn. 

i QUICK, v. t. [Sax. cwiccian.) To revive ; to make alive. 

f QUICK, «. i. To become alive. — Chaucer. 

QUICK'-BeAM, \n. A tree, the wild sorb ; sometimes, 

QUICK' EN-TREE, J also, called roan-tree and fowl-pear. 

QUI€K'-EY.ED (kwik'-ide), a. Having acute sight ; of keen 
and ready perception. 

QUICK'-GRXSS. See Quitch-grass. 

QUICK'-LlME, n. Any carbonate of lime deprived of its 
carbonic acid. Thus, chalk, limestone, &c, are converted 
into quick-lime, or protoxyd of calcium, by the continued 
action of intense heat. 

QUICK'-MATCH, n. A combustible preparation formed of 
cotton strands dipped in a boiling composition of white 
vinegar, saltpetre, and mealed gunpowder ; used by artil- 
lerymen. 

QUICK'-SAND, n. 1. Sand easily moved or readily yield- 
ing to pressure ; loose sand abounding with water. 2. 
Unsolid ground. — Addison. 

QUI€K'-SCENT-ED, a. Having an acute perception by the 
nose ; of an acute smell. 

QUICK'-SIGHT'ED (kwik'-sit'ed), a. Having quick sight 
or acute discernment ; quick to see or discern. — Locke. 

QUICK'-SlGHTED-NESS, n. Quickness of sight or dis- 
cernment ; readiness to see or discern. — Locke. 

QUICK'-WIT-TED, a. Having ready wit.— Shak. 

QUICK'-WIT-TED-NESS, n. Readiness of wit. 

QUICK'EN (kwik'n), v. t. [Sax. cwiccian ; Dan. qvceger.) 1. 
Primarily, to make alive ; to vivify ; to revive or resusci- 
tate, as from death or an inanimate state. — Rom., iv. 2. To 
make alive in a spiritual sense ; to communicate a princi- 
ple of grace to. 3. To increase the speed or velocity of. 
4. To sharpen ; to give keener perception to ; to stimu- 
late ; to incite. 5. To revive ; to cheer ; to reinvigorate ; 
to refresh by new supplies of comfort or grace. — Ps. cxix. 
— Syn. To hasten ; accelerate ; expedite ; dispatch ; speed. 

QUICK'jEN (kwik'n), v. i. 1. To become alive.— Ray. 2. To 
move with rapidity or activity. — Pope. 

QUICK'ENED, pp. or a. 1. Made alive ; revived ; vivified ; 
reinvigorated. 2. Accelerated ; hastened. 3. Stimulated ; 
incited. 

QUICK' EN-ER, n. 1. One who revives, vivifies, or commu- 
nicates life. 2. That which reinvigorates. 3. That which 
accelerates motion or increases activity. — More. 

QUICK'EN-ING, ppr. or a. Giving life ; accelerating ; in- 
citing ; reviving. 

QUICK'LY, adv. 1. Speedily ; with haste or celerity. 2. 
Soon : without delay. 



QUICKNESS, n. 1. Speed, or the s'.ate of being rapid, a. 
Activity or readiness of intellect. 3. Acuteness of percep- 
tion ; keen sensibility. 4. Pungency of taste. Mortimer. 
— Syn. Velocity ; celerity ; rapidity ; haste ; expedition ; 
promptness ; dispatch ; swiftness ; nimbleness ; fleetness ; 
agility ; briskness ; liveliness ; sagacity ; shrewdness ; 
sharpness ; penetration ; keenness. 

QUICK'SET, n. A living plant set to grow, particularly for 
a hedge ; applied especially to the hawthorn.— Evelyn. 

QUICK'SET, v. t. To plant with living shrubs or trees for 
a hedge or fence.— Mortimer. 

QUI€K'SET-ED, pp. Planted with living shrubs. 

QUICK'SIL-VER, n. [that is, living silver, argentum vivuvi. 
so called from its fluidity.] Mercury, a fluid metal. 

QUICK'SIL-VERED, a. Overlaid with quicksilver. 

QUID, n. A vulgar pronunciation of cud.— Halliwell. 

t QUl'DAM, n. [L.] Somebody ; one unknown. — Spenser 

QUID'DA-NY, n. [G. quitte; L. cydouium.) Marmalade; a 
confection of quinces prepared with sugar. 

QUID'DA-TlVE, a. Constituting the essence of a thing.— 
En eye. 

t QUIDT)IT, n. [L. quidlibet, or Fr. que dit.) A subtilty ; an 
equivocation. — Shak. 

QUIDT>I-TY, n. [L. quid, what] 1. A barbarous term used 
in school philosophy for essence. 2. A trifling nicety; a 
cavil ; a captious question. — Camden. 

QUID'DLE (kwid'dl), v. i. [L. quid, what.] To spend time 
in trifling employments, or to attend to useful subjects in 
a trifling or superficial manner. 

QUID'DLER, n. One who spends time in trifling. 

QUID'DLING, ppr. Spending time in trifling. 

QUID'DLING. n. The spending of time in trifling. 

QUID'NUNC, n. [L. what now.] One who is curious to 
know every thing that passes ; one who knows or pretends 
to know all occurrences. — Toiler. 

QUID PRO QUO. [L.] In law, an equivalent ; something 
given or done for another thing. 

QUl-ESCE' (kwi-es'), v. i. [L. quiesco.) To be silent, as a 
letter ; to have no sound. — M. Stuart. 

QUl-ES'CENCE, \n. [L. quiescens.) 1. Rest ; repose ; state 

QUl-ES'CEN-CY, ) of a thing without motion. 2. Rest of 
the mind ; a state of the mind free from agitation or emo- 
tion. 3. Silence ; the having no sound. 

QUI-ES'CENT, a. [L. quiescens.) 1. Resting; being in a 
state of repose ; still ; not moving. 2. Not ruffled with 
passion ; unagitated. 3. Silent ; not sounded ; having no 
sound. M. Stuart. 

QUl-ES'CENT, n, A silent letter.— M. Stuart. 

QUl-ES'CENT-LY, adv. In a calm or quiescent manner. 

QUl'ET (kwi'et), a. [Fr. quiet; L. quietus; It. quieto. 1. Be- 
ing in a state of rest ; not moving. — Judg., xvi. 2. Free 
from alarm or disturbance. 3. Not turbulent ; not giving 
offense ; not exciting controversy, disorder, or trouble. 4. 
Not agitated by wind ; as, a quiet lake. 5. Characterized 
by smoothness ; as, a quiet style. — Shak. 6. Without dis- 
turbance or molestation. 7. Not crying ; not restless : as, 
a quiet babe. — Syn. Still ; tranquil ; calm ; unruffled ; 
smooth ; unmolested ; undisturbed ; placid ; peaceful ; 
mild ; peaceable ; meek ; contented. 

QUl'ET, n. [L. quies.) 1. Rest ; repose ; stillness ; calm ; 
the state of a thing not in motion. 2. Tranquillity ; free- 
dom from disturbance or alarm ; civil or political repose. 
3._ Peace ; security. — Judg., xviii. 

QUl'ET. v. t. 1. To stop motion ; to still ; to reduce to a 
state of rest. 2. To calm ; to appease ; to pacify ; to lull : 
to tranquilize. 3. To allay ; to suppress. 

QUI'ET-ED, pp. Made still; calmed; pacified. 

QUl'ET-ER, n. The person or thing that quiets. 

QUl'ET-ING, ppr. or a. Reducing to rest or stillness ; ap 
peasing ; tranquilizing. 

QUl'ET-ISM, n. Peace or tranquillity of mind; apathy; 
dispassion ; indisturbance ; inaction. — In history, quietism 
is the system of the quietists, who maintained that relig- 
ion consists in the internal rest or recollection of the 
mind, employed in contemplating God and submitting to 
his will. 

QUl'ET-IST, n. One of a sect of mystics, originated by 
Molino, a Spanish priest, who maintained the principles 
of quietism. 

QUl-ET-IST'I€, a. Pertaining to a quietist, or to quietism. 

QUl'ET-LY, adv. 1. In a quiet state ; without motion ; in a 
state of rest. 2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute, or dis- 
turbance ; peaceably. 3. Calmly ; without agitation or 
violent emotion ; patiently. 

QUI'ET-NESS, n. 1. A state of rest ; stillness. 2. Calm ; 
tranquillity ; calmness. 3. Freedom from agitation or 
emotion ; calmness ; coolness. 4. Freedom from disturb- 
ance, disorder, or commotion ; peace ; tranquillity. 

t QUl'ET-S6ME, a. Calm ; still ; undisturbed.— Spenser. 

QUl'E-TUDE, n. [Fr.] Rest ; repose , quiet ; tranquillity 

QUl-E'TUS, n. [L.] Rest ; repose ; death ; bence, a fina. 
discharge or acquittance ; that which silences claims. 

QUILL (kwill), 7i. [Ir. cuille ; Corn, cuilan.) 1. The large. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, V*"CIOTJS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



QUI 



80b 



QUI 



strong fi .ither of a goose or other large bird ; used much 
for writing-pens. 2. The instrument of writing. 3. The 
spine or prickle of a porcupine. 4. A piece of small reed 
or other hollow plant, on which weavers wind the thread 
which forms the woof of cloth. 5. The instrument with 
which musicians strike the strings of certain instruments. 
Dry den. — To carry a good quill, to write well. 

UUILL, v. t. To plait, or to form with small ridges like 
quills or reeds. [In the United States, this word is gener- 
ally pronounced twill.} 

QUIL'LET, n. [L. quidlibet.] Subtilty ; nicety ; fraudulent 
distinction ; petty cant. — Shak. [Not much used.] 

QUILT, n. fit. coltre ; L. culcita ; Ir. cuilt.] A cover or gar- 
ment made by putting wool, cotton, or other substance 
between two cloths and sewing them together. 

QUILT, v. t. 1. To stitch together two pieces of cloth with 
some soft and warm substance between them. 2. To sew 
in the manner of a quilt. 

QUILTED, pp. or a. Stitched together, as two pieces of 
cloth, with a soft substance between them. 

QUILTING, ppr. Stitching together, as two cloths, with 
some soft substance between them. 

QUILTING, n. 1. The act of forming a quilt— 2. In New 
England, the act of quilting by a collection of females. 

QUl'NA-RY, a. [L. quinarius.] Consisting of five; arranged 
by fives. 

QUl'NATE, a. [L. quinque.] In botany, a quinate leaf is a 
sort of digitate leaf having five leaflets on a petiole. 

QUINCE (kwins ), n. [Fr. coin or coing.] The fruit of the 
Cydonia vulgaris, much used in making pies, tarts, mar- 
malade, <fec. 

QUINCF'-TREF \ n ' The tree which produces the quince. 

(■ QUINCH, v. i. To stir, wince, or flounce. 

QUIN-CUN'CIAL (-shal), a. [from L. quincunx.] Having 
the form of a quincunx. — Ray. 

QUINCUNX, n. [L. quinque and uncia.] An arrangement 
or disposition of things by fives in a square, one being 
placed in the middle of the square. — In horticulture, a 
plantation of trees disposed in a square, consisting of five 
trees, one at each corner and a fifth in the middle, thus : 
; . ; ; which order, repeated indefinitely, forms a regular 
grove or wood. 

QUIN-DEC'A-GON, n. [L. quinque, Gr. 5eKa and ymvia.] In 
geometry, a plane figure with fifteen angles, and, conse- 
quently, fifteen sides. 

QUIN-DE-CEM'ViR, n. ; pi. Quindecem'viri. [L. quinque, 
decern, and vir.] In Roman history, one of an ecclesiastical 
college of fifteen men, whose chief duty was to take care 
of the Sibylline books.— Smith's Diet. 

QUIN-DE-CEM'ViR-ATE, n. The body or office of the 
quindecemviri. 

QUIN'I-NA, ) n. An alkaloid obtained from various species 
cinchona, and one of the active principles 
of these trees. It is a very important article 
of medicine, much used in the treatment of agues, certain 
sorts of mortification, &c. 

QUIN-QUA-GES'I-MA, n. [L. fifty.] Quinquagesima Sun- 
day, so called as being about the fiftieth day before Easter ; 
Shrove Sunday. 

QUIN-QUAN"GU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and angulus.] Hav- 
ing five angles or corners.— Woodward. 

QUIN-QUaR-TIC'U-LAR a. [L. quinque and articulus.] 
Consisting of five articles. — Sanderson. [Little used.] 

QUIN-QUE-CAP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and capsula.] In 
botany, having five capsules. 

QUIN-QUE-DENTATE, a. [L. quinque and dentatus; dens.] 
In botany, five-toothed. 

QUIN-QUE-FI'RI-OUS, a. In botany, opening into five 
parts. — Lee. 

QUIN'QUE-FID, a. [L. quinque and findo.] In botany, five- 
cleft ; cut about half-way from the margin to the base 
into five segments with linear sinuses. 

QUIN-QUE-Fo'LI-A-TED, a. [L. quinque and folium.] Hav- 
ing five leaves. — Johnson. 

QUIN-QUE-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. quinque and litera.] Consist- 
ing of five letters. — M. Stuart. 

QUIN-QUE-Lo'BATE, \a. [L. quinque and lobus.] Five- 

QUIN'QUE-LoBJED, 5 lobed. 

QUIN-QUE-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. quinque and loculus.] Five- 
celled ; having five cells. 

QUIN-QUEN-Na'LI-A, n. pi. [L.] In history, public games 
celebrated every five years. 

QUIN-QUEN'NI-AL, a. [L. quinquennalis.] Occurring once 
in five vears, or lasting five years. 

QUIN-QUEP'AR-TlTE, a. [L. quinque and partitus.) 1. Di- 
vided into five parts almost to the base. 2. Consisting of 
five parts. 

QUIN'QUE-REME. n. [L. quinque and remits.] A galley 
having five seats or rows of oars. 

QUIN'QUE-VAL VE, > a. [L. quinque and valvce.] Up * 

QUIN-QUE-VALV'U-LAR, 5 ing five valves, as a pericarp. 

QUIN'QUE-VtR, n. ; pi. Quinquev'iri. [L. quinque and vir.] 



QUIN'I-NA, ) n. 1 
QUIN'I-A, \ of 
QUl'NINE, ) of 



In Roman antiquities, one of five commissioners appointed 
for some special object— Smith's Diet. 

QUIN'QUI-NA. n. Peruvian bark. 

QUINSY (kwin'ze), n. [Fr. esquinancie, squinancie; It 
squinanzia; Sp. esquinancia; L. cynanche; Gr. Kuvayxn.] 
1. An inflammation of the tonsils. 2. Any inflammation 
of the throat or parts adjacent. 

QUINT, n. [L. quintus; Fr. quinte.] A set or sequence ol 
five, as in piquet. 

QUINTAIN (kwinfin), n. [Fr. quintaine.] An object tc 
be tilted at It was sometimes the figure of a man, and 
often an upright post on the top of which turned a cross 
piece, on one end of which was fixed a broad board, and 
on the other a sand-bag. It was a trial of skill to tilt 
against the broad end with a lance, and pass by before the 
sand-bag, coming round, should strike the tilter on the 
back. — Johnson. 

QUINTAL, n. [Fr. quintal ; It. quintale.] A hundred weight. 
or 112 pounds ; sometimes written and pronounced kentle 

* QUIN-TES'SENCE, n. [L. quinta essentia.] 1. In alchemy, 
the fifth or last and highest essence of power in a natural 
body. 2. An extract from any thing, containing its vir 
tues or most essential part in a small quantity. — 3. In 
chemistry, a preparation consisting of a vegetable essential 
oil dissolved in spirit of wine. 4. The pure, essential part 
of a thing. 

QUIN-TES-SEN'TI AL, a. Consisting of quintessence. 

QUIN-TET", n. In music, a composition in five obligato 
parts, each performed by a single voice or instrument. 

QUINT'lLE, n. [L. quintus.] The aspect of planets when 
distant from each other the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72 
degrees. — Hutton. 

QUIN-TIL'LION (kwin-til'yun), n. According to the En- 
glish notation, a number produced by involving a million 
to the fifth power, or a unit with 30 ciphers annexed ; ac- 
cording to the French notation, a unit with 18 ciphers an- 
nexed. 

QUINT'IN, n. See Quintain. 

QUINTINE, n. In botany, the fifth coat, reckoning from 
the outer, of the nucleus of a seed ; the sac of the embryo. 
— Lindley. 

QUIN-TROON', n. In the West Indies, the child of a musti- 
phini by a white father. As a mustiphini has but fg of 
negro blood, a quintroon is only X from being white. — 
Booth. J2 

QUIN'TU-PLE, a. [L. quintuplus.] 1. Five-fold ; containing 
five times the amount. Graunt. — 2. In music, a term ap- 
plied to a species of time containing five crotchets in a bar. 

QUIN'TU-PLE, v. t. To make five-fold. 

QUIN'TU-PL ED, pp. Made five times as many. 

QUIN'ZaINE, n. In chronology, the fourteenth day after a 
feast-day, or the fifteenth, including the feast-day.— Brande. 

QUIP, n. [W. cwip, cwipiaw.] A smart, sarcastic turn ; a 
taunt ; a severe retort. — Milton. 

QUIP, v. t. To taunt ; to treat with a sarcastic retort. 

QUIP, v. i. To scoff.— Sidney. 

QUIP'PA, n. The name of knotted cords of various colors 
used to record events by the ancient Peruvians, Mexicans, 
&_c. — Humboldt. Spelled, also, quippo and quippu. 

QUlRE (kwire), n. [Fr. choeur ; It. coro ; L. chorus; Gr 
Xopos.] 1. A body of singers; a chorus. — Milton. [See 
Chorus and Choir.] 2. The part of a church where the 
service is sung. 

QUlRE, n. A collection of paper consisting of twenty-four 
sheets, each having a single fold. 

QUlRE, v. i. To sing in concert or chorus. — Shak. 

QUIR'IS-TER, n. One who sings in concert ; more gener- 
ally, the leader of a quire, particularly in divine service ; a 
chorister. [Little used.] 

t QUiR-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. quiritatio.] A crying for help. 

QUiRK (kwurk), n. [W. cwired.] 1. Literally, a turn ; a 
starting from the point or line ; hence, an artful turn for 
evasion or subterfuge ; a shift ; a quibble. 2. A fit or turn , 
a short paroxysm. — Shak. 3. A smart taunt or retort— 
Shak. 4. A slight conceit or quibble. 5. A flight of fancy , 
[obs.] 6. An irregular air. Pope.— 7. In building, a piece 
of ground taken out of any regular ground-plot or floor. — 
8. In architecture, a small acute angle or recess much used 
between moldings. — Gloss, of Archit. 

QUIRK.ED (kwurkt), a. Having a quirk. 

QUiRKSD'-MoLD'ING, \ n. In architecture, a molding 

QUiRK'-MoLD'ING, J whose convexity is sudden in 
the form of a conic section. — Brande. 

QUiRK'ISH, a. 1. Consisting of quirks, turns, quibbles, or 
artful evasions. — Barrow. 2. Resembling a quirk. 

QUIRP'ELE, n. The Indian ferret, an animal. 

QUIT (kwit), v. t. ; pret and pp. quit or quitted. [Fr. quitter , 
It quitare ; Port, Sp. quitar ; D. kwyten ; G. quittiren ; Dan. 
quitterer ; Sw. quitta.] 1. To leave ; to depart' from, either 
temporarily or forever. 2. To free ; to clear ; to liberate ; 
to discharge from ; [little used.] 3. To carry through ; tc 
do or perform something to the end, so that nothing re- 
mains ; to discharge or perform completely. Daniel. — 4 



* See Synopsis. A, E I, &c, long.— X, E, f, &c, short— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; -MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



QUO 



809 



R 



To quit one's self, reciprocally, to clear one's seJf of incum- 
bent duties by full performance. 5. To repay ; to requite ; 
[rare.] 6. To vacate obligation ; to release ; to free from. 
— Ben Jon son. 7. To pay ; to discharge ; hence, to free 
from.- Milton. 8. To set free ; to release ; to absolve ; to 
acquit. Fairfax. 9. To leave ; to give up ; to resign ; to 
rehnqu ish. 10. To pay ; [obs.] It. To forsake ; to aban- 
don. — To quit cost, to pay ; to free from by an equivalent ; 
to reimburse. — To quit scores, to make even ; to clear mu- 
tually from demands by mutual equivalents given. 

QUIT, a. Free ; clear ; discharged from. See Quits. 

QUIT'-CLaIM, v. t. [quit and claim.] To release a claim by 
deed without covenants of warranty ; to convey to anoth- 
er who hath some right in lands or tenements, all one's 
right, title, and interest in the estate, by relinquishing all 
claim to them. — Blackstone. 

QUIT'-CLaIM (kwit'-klam), n. A deed of release ; an in- 
strument by which all claims to an estate are relinquished 
to another without any covenant of warranty, express or 
implied. — Swift. 

QUIT"-€L aIM£D, pp. Released by deed. 

QUIT'-GLaIM-ING, ppr. Conveying by deed of release. 

QUIT'-RENT, n. [L. quietus reditus.] A rent reserved in 
grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is 
quieted or quit from all other service. 

QUI TAM. [L.] A qui tarn action, in law, is an action in 
which a man prosecutes an offender for the king or state, 
as well as for himself as informer. 

QUITCH'-GRaSS, n. [properly quick-grass.] Dog-grass or 
couch-grass ; a species of grass which roots deeply, and is 
not easily killed. 

QUITE, adv. [from quit.] 1. Completely ; wholly ; entire- 
ly ; totally ; perfectly ; as, the work is not quite done. 2. 
To a great extent or degree ; very ; as, quite young. [Com- 
mon in America, and not unfrequent in England.] 

QUITS. To be quits, is said of persons when they separate 
on equal terms, each having given the other his due, so 
that they are quit the one of the other ; hence, in such a 
case, the exclamation Quits ! 

iUITTA-BLE, a. That may be quitted or vacated. [Rare.] 

QUITTAL, n. Return ; repayment— Shak. 

QUITTANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Discharge from a debt or obli- 
gation ; an acquittance. — Shak. 2. Recompense ; return ; 
repayment. — Shak. 

f QUITTANCE, v. t. To repay.— Shak. 

QUITTED, pp. Left; relinquished; acquitted. 

QUITTER, n. 1. One who quits. 2. A deliverer.— Ains- 
worth ; [obs.] 3. Scoria of tin. — Ainsworth. 

QUITTER, n. In farriery, an ulcer formed between the 
hair and hoof, usually on the inside quarter of the horse's 
foot. — Farm. Encyc. 

QUIVER, n. [qu. Fr. couvrir.] A case or sheath for arrows. 
QUIVER, a. Nimble; active.— Shak. 

QUIVER, v. i. [D. huiveren.] 1. To shake or tremble ; to 
quake ; to shudder ; to shiver. 2. To play or be agitated 
with a tremulous motion. 

QUIVERED, a. [from the noun quiver.] 1. Furnished with 
a quiver. — Milton. 2. Sheathed, as in a quiver. 

QUIVER-ING, ppr. or a. Trembling, as with cold or fear ; 
moving with a tremulous agitation. 

QUIVER-ING, n. The act of shaking or trembling ; agita- 
tion. — Sidney. 

QUIVER-IN G-LY, adv. With quivering 

QUI VIVE (ke veev). [Fr.] The challenge of a French 
sentinel, To which party do you belong 1 i. e., for whom do 
you cry vive ? corresponding to, Who goes there ? Hence, 
to be on the qui vive, is to be on the alert, like a sentinel. 
— Diet, de I' Acad. 

QUIX-OTIC, a. Like Don Quixote ; romantic to extrava- 
gance. 

QUIX'OT-ISM, n. Romantic and absurd notions ; schemes 
or actions like those of Don Quixote. 

QUIX'OT-RY, n. Quixotism ; visionary scheme.— Scott. 

QUIZ, n. 1. An enigma ; a riddle or obscure question. 2. 
One who quizzes^others ; as, he is a great quiz. 3. An 
oddfellow.— Smart. 

QUIZ, v. t. To puzzle ; to run upon ; to make a fool of. 
[Not an elegant word.] 

QUIZ'ZER. n. One who quizzes or plays upon others. 

QUIZ'ZI-€AL, n. Comical. [Colloquial.] 

QUIZ'ZING. n. 1. The act of running upon a person or 
making a fool of him. 2. The act of mocking by a narrow 
examination through a quizzing-glass. — Smart. 

QUIZ'ZING-GLaSS, n. A smah eye-glass. 

QUO' AD HO£. [L.] As to this ; as it regards this particu- 
lar thing named. 

QUO ANT-MO. [L.] With what intent ; purpose. 

QUOB, v. i. [W. cwapiaw.] To move, as the fetus in utero ; 
to throb. [Local and little used.] 

Q UOD E 'RA T DEM- ON-STRAN 'D UM. [L.] Which was 

the point to be proved. 
QUOD E'RAT Fa-CI-EN'DUM (-fa-she-en'dum). [L.] 
Which was the thins; to be done. 



QUOHLI-BET, n. [L. what you please.] A nice point; « 
subtilty. — Prior. 

QUOD-LIB-E-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who talks and disputes on 
any subject at pleasure. 

QUOD-LI-BET'IC-AL, a. Not restrained to a particular sub- 
ject ; moved or discussed at pleasure for curiosity or en- 
tertainment. 

QUOD-LI-BET'I€-AL-LY, adv. At pleasure ; for curiosity 
so as to be debated for entertainment. 

QUOIF, n. [Fr. coiffe.] A cap or hood.— Shak. See Coif. 

QUOIF, v. t. To cover or dress with a coif. — Addison. 

QUOIF'FURE, n. A head-dress.— Addison. 

QUOIL. See Coil, the better word. 

QUOIN (kwoin or koin), n. [Fr. coin, a corner; Sp. cuiia. 
See Coin.] 1. A sharp or projecting corner. 2. An in- 
strument to raise any thing; a wedge employed to raise 
cannon, &c— 3. In architecture, the external angle or cor- 
ner of a brick or stone wall. 4. A small wooden wedge 
used by printers to lock the pages of a form within the 
chase. 

QUOIT (kwoit), n. [D. coke.] I. A circular ring or piece 
of iron to be pitched or thrown at a fixed object in play. — 
In common practice, a plain flat stone is used for this pur- 
pose. — 2. In some authors, the discus of the ancients, thrown 
in trials of strength. 

QUOIT, v. i. To throw quoits ; to play at quoits. — Dry den. 

t QUOIT, v. t. To throw.— Shak. 

QUOLL, n. A marsupial quadruped of New Holland, near- 
ly as large as a cat. 

QUON'DAM, used adjectively. [L.] Having been formerly ; 
former ; as, a quondam friend. — Shak. 

t QUOOK, pret. of quake — Spenser. 

QUo'RUM, n. [L. gen. pi. of qui, " of whom," with reference 
to a complete body of persons, of whom those whu Are as- 
sembled are legally sufficient to the business of the whole.] 
1. A bench of justices, or such number of officers or mem- 
bers as is competent by law or constitution to transact 
business. 2. A special commission of justices. 

QUO'RUM PARS FtJ'I. [L.] Of which or whom Iwas a part 

QUo'TA, n. [L. quotus.] A proportional part or share, or 
the share, part, or proportion assigned to each. 

* QUOTA-BLE, a. That may be quoted or cited. 

* QUO-Ta'TION. n. 1. The act of quoting or citing. 3. The 
passage quoted or cited ; the part of a book or writing 
named, repeated, or adduced as evidence or illustration. — 
3. In mercantile language, the naming of the price of com- 
modities, or the price specified to a correspondent 4 
Quota ; share ; [obs.] 

* QUOTE, v. t. [Fr. quoter, now coter.] ]. To cite, as a pass- 
age from some author ; to name, repeat, or adduce a pass- 
age from an author or speaker by way of authority or il- 
lustration. — 2. In commerce, to name, as the price of an ar- 
ticle._ 3. To note.— Shak. 

* t QUoTE, ii. A note upon an author. — Cotgrave. 

* QUOTED, pp. Cited ; adduced ; named. 

* QUOTE'LESS, a. That can not be quoted. 

* QUoT'ER, n. One who cites the words of an author oi 

speaker. 

* QUOTH (kwoth or kwuth), v. i. [Sax. cvrythan, cythan ; 

Goth, quithan.] To say ; to speak. This verb is defect- 
ive, being used only in the first and third persons in the 
present and past tenses, as quoth I, quoth he; and the 
nominative always follows the verb. 

* QUO-TID'I-AN, a. [L. quotidianus.] Daily ; occurring or 
returning daily. 

* QUO-TID'I-AN, n. 1. A fever whose paroxysms return 
every day. 2. Any thing returning daily. 

* QUOTIENT (kwo'shent), n. [Fr. ; L. quotics.] In aritJv- 
metic, the number resulting from the division of one num- 
ber by another, and showing how often a less number is 
contained in a greater. 

QUOTING, ppr. Citing; adducing; naming. 

QUO TVAR.-RAN'TO. In Law Latin, a writ brought beforw 

a proper tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a person oi 

corporation exercises certain powers. 



R 



Ris the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet and an 
articulation sui generis, having little or no resemblance 
in pronunciation to any other letter. But from the posi 
tion of the tongue in uttering it, it is commutable with Z, 
into which letter it is changed in many words by the 
Spaniards and Portuguese, and some other nations ; as / 
is also changed into r. It is numbered among the liquids 
and semi-vowels, and is sometimes called the canine letter. 
It* English uses, which are uniform, may be understood by 
the customary pronunciation of rod, rose, bar, bare, barren, 
brad, pride, drown. — In words which we have received from 
the Greek language, we follow the Latins, who wrote h aft 
er r, as rhapsody, rheum, rhetoric. 



DOVE —BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



RAC 



SlU 



RAC 



A.B an abbreviation, R. stands for rex, Icing, us George R., or 
regina, queen, as Victoria R. 

As a numeral, R, in Roman authors, stands for 80, and, with 
a dash over it, R, for 80,000. 

RA, as an inseparable prefix or preposition, is the Latin re, 
coming to us through the Italian and French, and prima- 
rily signifying again, repetition. See Re. 

RA-BITE', v. t. [Fr. rabattre; It. rabbattere.] In falconry, to 
recover a hawk to the fist. — Ainsworth. 

I RA-Ba'TO, n. [Fr. rabat.} A ruff or folded down collar of 
a shift or shirt. — Toone. 

LtAB'BET, v. t. [Fr. raboter.] 1. To cut square down the edge 
of a board or other piece of timber, for the purpose of re- 
ceiving the edge of another piece by lapping, and thus 
uniting the two. 2. To lap and unite the edges of boards, 
&c, by a rabbet. 

RAB'BET, n. [This and the preceding word are corruptions 
of rebate.] A rectangular recess or groove cut longitudin- 
ally in a piece of timber to receive the edge of a plank, 
or other work required to fit into it. — Gloss, of Archit. 

RAB'BET-PLaNE, n. A joiner's plane for cutting square 
down the edge of a board, &c. — Moxon. 

RAB'BET-ED, pp. Cut square down at the edge ; united by 
a rabbet joint. 

RAB'BET-ING, ppr. Cutting square down the edge of a 
board ; uniting by a rabbet joint. 

RAB'BI (rab'be or -bi), > n. [Ch. jm.] A title assumed by 

RAB'BIN, 5 the Jewish doctors, signifying 

master or lord. 

RAB-BIN'IC, ? a. Pertaining to the Rabbins, or to their 

RAB-BIN'I€-AL, J opinions, learning, and language. 

RAB-BIN'IC, n. The language or dialect of the Rabbins ; 
the later Hebrew. 

tlAB'BIN-ISM, n. A Rabbinic expression or phraseology ; 
a peculiarity of the language of the Rabbins. 

RAB'BIN-IST, n. Among the Jews, one who adhered to the 
Talmud and the traditions of the Rabbins. 

RAB'BIN-lTE, n. The same as Rabbinist. 

RAB'BIT, n. [said to be from the Belgic robbe, robbeken.] A 
small rodent quadruped, the lepus cunicula, which teeds 
on grass or other herbage, and burrows in tue earth. 

RAB'BLE (rablfl), n. [L. rabula ; Dan. raaber ; D. rabbelen.] 

1. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people ; the mob ; 
a confused, disorderly crowd. 2. The lower class of peo- 
ple, without reference to an assembly ; the dregs of the 
people. 

RAB'BLE, v. i. To speak in a confused manner. 

RAB'BLE-CHaRM'ING, a. Charming the rabble. 

\ RAB'BLE-MENT, n. A tumultuous crowd of low people. 

RAB QOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. pa65og and \oyo$.) A method of 
performing mathematical operations by little square rods. 
See Rhabdology. 

RAB'ID, a. [L. rabidus.] Furious; raging; mad; as, a rabid 
dog or wolf. 

RAB'ID-LY, adv. Madly ; furiously. 

RAB'ID-NESS, n. Furiousness ; madness. 

RAB'IN-ET, ii. A kind of smaller ordnance. — Ainsworth. 

Ra'CA, n. A Syriac word signifying empty, beggarly, fool- 
ish ; a term of extreme contempt. — Matt., v. 

RAC-COON', n. An American quadruped, procyon lotor. 
It is somewhat larger than a fox, and its fur is valuable. 

RACE, n. [Fr. race.] 1. The continued series of descend- 
ants from a parent, who is called the stock. 2. A genera- 
tion ; a family of descendants. 3. A particular sort or va- 
riety, as of hogs. 4. A root ; as, race-ginger. 5. A partic- 
ular strength or taste of wine ; a kind of tartness. Temple. 
— Messenger. — Syn. Lineage ; line ; family; house ; breed ; 
offspring ; progeny ; issue. 

RaCE, n. [D. ras ; Sw. resa.] LA running; a rapid course 
or motion, either on the feet, on horseback, or in a car- 
riage, &c. ; particularly, a contest in running ; a running 
in competition for a prize. 2. Any running with speed. 
3. A progress ; a course or career ; a movement or pro- 
gression of any kind. 4. Course ; train ; process ; [obs.] 
5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or 
passage for such a current ; as, the Portland race. 6. A 
small artificial canal or water-course, leading from the dam 
of a stream to the machinery which it drives ; sometimes 
called the head-race, in opposition to the tail-race, which is 
the water-course leading from the bottom of a water-wheel. 
— 7. The races, in the plural, a meeting for contests in the 
running of horses. 

RaCE, v. i. To run swiftly ; to run or contend in running. 

RaCE'-gIN'gER, n. Ginger in the root, or not pulverized. 

RaCE'-HORSE, n. A horse bred or kept for running in 
contest ; a horse that runs in competition. 

RAC-E-Ma'TION, n. [L. racemus.] 1. A cluster, as of grapes. 

2. The cultivation of clusters of grapes. 

RA-CeME', n. [L. racemus.] In botany, a species of inflo- 
rescence, in which a number of flowers with short and 
eqfeal pedicels stand on a common slender axis, as in the 
currant. — Lindley. 



RA-CEM.ED', a. Having a raceme. 

RA-Ce'MI€ ACID, n. An acid found in the tartar obtained; 
from certain vineyards on the Rhine. — Brande. 

RAC-E-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. racemus and fero.] Bearings 
cemes. — Asiat. Res. 

RAC'E-MOUS or RA-Ce'MOUS, a. Growing in racemes. 

Ra'CER. n. A runner ; one who contends in a race. 

RACH, n. [Sax. race ; Fr. braque.] A setting dog or pointer. 

RA-CHIL'LA, n. A species of inflorescence ; the zigzag 
center on which the florets are arranged in the spikelets 
of grasses. — Brande. 

Ra'CHIS, 11. [Gr.] In botany, a peduncle that proceeds in a 
right line from the base to the apex of the inflorescence 
Sometimes improperly applied to the stipe of a fern.— 
Lindley. 

RA-€HIT'I€ (-kitik), a. Pertaining to the muscles of the 
back^ rickety. 

RA-€Hl'TIS, n. [Gr.] This term implies inflammation of 
the spine, but is applied to the disease called rickets, a 
mere corruption of rachitis. 

Ra'CI-NESS, n. The quality of being racy. 

RACING, ppr. Running swiftly ; running or contending In 
a race. 

RACK, n. [D. rek, rekker ; Sax. racan, rcecan.] 1. An engine 
of torture, consisting of a large frame upon which the 
body of the person under examination is gradually stretch- 
ed until sometimes the joints are dislocated, used for ex- 
torting confessions from criminals or suspected persons. 
2. Torture ; extreme pain ; anguish. 3. Any instrument 
for stretching or extending any thing. 4. A grate on which 
bacon is laid. 5. A wooden frame of open work, in which 
hay is laid for horses and cattle for feeding. 6. A frame 
for receiving various articles. 7. The frame of bones of 
an animal ; a skeleton. 8. A strong frame of wood, hav- 
ing several sheaves, through which passes the running 
rigging. Totten. — 9. In machinery, a rectilineal sliding 
piece, with teeth cut on its edge, for working with a wheel 
— Brande. 

RACK, n. [Sax. hracca ; W. rhac.] The neck and spine of 
a fore quarter of veal or mutton. 

RACK, n. [Sax. rec, recan.] Properly, vapor ; hence, thin, 
flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in 
the sky. 

RACK, n. [for arrack. See Arkack.] Among the Tartars 
a spirituous liquor made of mare's milk. 

RACK, n. A racking-pace, which see. — Booth. 

RACK, v. i. To amble, but with a quicker and shorter tread, 
as a horse. 

RACK, v. i. [Sax. recan.] 1. Properly, to steam ; to rise, as 
vapor ; [see Reek.] 2. To fly, as vapor or broken clouds. 

RACK, v. t. 1. To stretch or strain on the rack or wheel. 
2. To affect with extreme pain or anguish. 3. To harass 
by exaction. 4. To stretch ; to strain vehemently ; to 
wrest. 5. To stretch ; to extend. — Syn. To torture ; tor- 
ment; rend; tear. 

RACK, v. t. [Ax.] To draw off from the lees ; to draw off, 
as pure liquor from its sediment ; to defecate or decant. 
— Bacon. 

RACK-RENT, n. An annual rent raised to the utmost, or 
to the full annual value of the premises, or near it — 
Wood's Institutes. 

RACK'-RENT-ED, a. Subjected to the payment of rack- 
rent. — Franklin. 

RACK'-RENT-ER, n. One who is subjected to pay rack 
rent. — Locke. 

RACKJED (rakt), pp. 1. Tortured ; tormented ; strained to 
the utmost. 2. Drawn off, as liquor. 

RACK'ER n. 1. One who tortures or torments ; one who 
racks. 2. A horse that racks or moves with a racking- 
pace. 

RACKET, n. 1. A confused, clattering noise, less loud than 
uproar. 2. Clamor ; noisy talk. — Swift. 

RACKET, n. A snow shoe. 

RACKET, v. i. To make a confused noise or clamor ; to 
frolic. — Gray. 

RACKET, n. [Fr. raquette ; G. racket ; D. raket.] The in- 
strument with which players at tennis strike the ball. 

RACKET, v. t. To strike, as with a racket.— Hewyt. 

RACK'ET-ET), pp. Struck with a racket ; frolicked. 

RACK'ET-ING, ppr. Striking with a racket ; making a 
racket. 

RACK'ET-ING, n. Confused and noisy -irth. 

RACKET- Y, a. Making a tumultuous n „ise. 

RACKING, ppr. 1. Torturing; tormenting, straining; draw 
ing ofl". 2. a. Tormenting; excruciating. 

RACKING, n. 1. Torture ; a stretching :n the rack. 2. 
Torment of the mind ; anguish. 3. The act of stretching 
cloth on a frame for drying. 4. The act of drawing from 
the sediment, as liquors. 

RACK'ING-PICE, n. The racking-pace of a horse is an, 
amble, but with a quicker and shorter tread. 

RACK'LESS, a. Careless. The word used in the north of 
England for reckless. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—I, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



KAD 



811 



RAG 



Ra'CY. a. [bax. hrccs, or Sp., Port, ratri] 1. Having a strong 
flavor indicating its origin ; tasting of the soil ; as, racy 
wine. Johnson. — 2. Figuratively, exciting to the mental 
taste by a strong distinctive character of thought, or lan- 
guage. — Smart. 

RAD, the old pret. of read. — Spenser. 

RAD, ^ an initial or terminating syllable in names, is the D. 

RED, > raad, G. rath, counsel ; as in Conrad, powerful in 

ROD, ) counsel ; Ethelred, noble counsel. 

RAD'DLE, v. t. To interweave ; to twist ; to wind together. 

RAD'DLE, n. 1. A long stick used in hedging ; also a hedge 
formed by interweaving the shoots and branches of trees 
or shrubs. Todd. — 2. In New England, a wooden bar, with 
upright pegs in it, employed by domestic weavers to keep 
the warp of a proper width, and prevent it from becom- 
ing entangled when wound upon the beam of the loom. 

RAD'DO€K, \n. [from red, ruddy.] A bird, the redbreast. 

RUD'DOCK, j — Shak. 

Ra'DI-AL, a. [from L. radius.] Pertaining to the radius, 
one of the bones of the forearm of the human body. 

* Ra'DI-ANCE, > n. [L. radians.] Properly, brightness shoot- 
" Ra'DI-AN-CY, 5 ing in rays or beams ; hence, in general, 

brilliant, sparkling, "or vivid brightness. — Syn. Lustre ; 
brilliancy ; splendor ; glare ; glitter. 
"Ra'DI-ANT, a. Emitting or darting rays of light or heat ; 
issuing in rays ; beaming with brightness ; emitting a vivid 
light or splendor. 

* Ra'DI-ANT, n. 1. In optics, the luminous point or object 
from which light emanates. — 2. In geometry, a straight line 
proceeding from a given point, or fixed pole, about which 
itis conceived to revolve. — Brande. 

* RaT)I-ANT-LY, adv. With beaming brightness ; with glit- 

tering splendor. 

Ra'DI-A-RY, n. One of the radiata.—Kirby. 

Ra-DI-aTA, n. pi. The fourth great division of the animal 
kingdom, including those animals whose parts are ar- 
ranged round an axis, and on one or several radii, or on 
one or several lines extending from one pole to the other. 
— Cuvier. 

" Ra'DI-aTE, v. i. [L. radio.] 1. To issue in rays, as light ; 
to dart, as beams of brightness : to shine. 2. To issue and 
proceed in direct lines from a point or surface, as heat. 

* Ra'DI-aTE, v. t. 1. To enlighten ; to illuminate ; to shed 
light or brightness on ; [usually irradiate.] 2. To emit or 
send out in direct lines from a point o~ surface, as heat. 

* Ra'DI-ATE, a. In botany, a rayed or radiate flower is a 
compound flower consisting of a disk, in which the corol- 
lets or florets are tubular, and of a ray, in which the florets 
are ligulate or strap-shaped. 

* Ra'DI-a-TED, pp. 1. Emitted, as rays of light or heat ; 

adorned with rays of light. Addison. — 2. a. In mineralo- 
gy, having crystals diverging from a center. — 3. In zoology, 
belonging to the division radiata. 

* Ra'DI-a-TING, ppr. or a. Emitting or darting rays of light 

or heat: enlightening. 

* RI-DI-I'TION, n. [L. radiatio.] 1. The emission and dif- 
fusion of rays of light ; beamy brightness. 2. The diverg- 
ence or shooting forth of any thing from a point or sur- 
face, like the diverging rays of light. 

Ra'DI-a-TOR, n. A body from which rays emanate. 

RAD'I-€AL, a. [Fr. ; L. radicalis.] 1. Pertaining to the root 
or origin ; original ; fundamental. 2. Implanted by na- 
ture ; native ; constitutional. 3. Primitive ; original ; un- 
derived; uncompounded. 4. Serving to origination. — 5. 
In botany, proceeding immediately from the root — Radi- 
cal quantity, in algebra, a quantity to which the radical 
sign is prefixed. — Radical sign, the symbol y/, denoting 
the extraction of a root. — Brande. 

RAD'I-€AL, It. 1. In philology, a primitive word ; a radix, 
root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word. 2. A 
primitive letter ; a letter that belongs to the radix.— 3. In 
modern politics, one who advocates a radical reform, or 
extreme measures in reformation. — 4. In chemistry, an el- 
ement, or a simple constituent part of a substance, which 
is incapable of decomposition. That which is considered 
as constituting the distinguishing part of an acid or base 
by its union with oxygen or other acidifying and basifying 
principles Ure. — Compound radical, a base consisting of 
two or more elements ; also applied to supposed salifiable 
bases, of which cyanogen is the type. — Silliman. 

RAD'I-€AL-ISM, n. The doctrine or spirit of a radical. 

RAD-I-€AL'I-TY, n. 1. Origination.— Brown. 2. A being 
radical ; a quantity which has relation to a root. — Bailey. 

RAD'I-€AL-LY, ado. 1. Originally ; at the origin or root ; 
fundamentally. 2. Primitively ; essentially ; originally ; 
without derivation. 

RAD'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being radical or funda- 
mental. 

RAD'I-CaTE, v. t. [L. radicatus.] To root ; to plant deeply 
and firmly. — Glanville. 

RAD'I-CATE, a. Radicated.— South. 

RADTCa-TED, pp. or a. Rooted ; deeply planted. — 
Burke. 



RAD'I-CI-TING, ppr. or a., > [L. radicans.] In botany, taking 
RAD'I-€ANT, a. $ root from some part above 

ground, as the joint of a stem, the extremity of a leaf, <fec. 
RAD-I-€a'TION, n. 1. The process of taking root deeply 
— 2. In botany, the disposition of the root of a plant with 
respect to the ascending and descending caudex or stem. 
RAD'I-€LE (rad'e-kl), n. [L. radicula.] \. That part of the 
seed of a plant which, upon vegetating, becomes the root 
2. A name given to the fibrous parts of a root, which are 
renewed every year, and which are the parts that absorb 
the nutriment from the earth. 
Ra'DI-O-LITES, n. pi. A genus of fossil shells, having the 
inferior valve in the shape of a reversed cone, the superior 
yalve convex.— Brande. 
Ra-DI-OM'E-TER, n. [L. radius, and Gr. ucrpov.] The fore 
staff, an instrument formerly used for taking the altitudes 
of celestial bodies. 
RAD'ISH, n. [Sax. radio ; D.radys; G.radiess; Ir.raidis.] 
A cultivated plant of the genus raphanus, the root of which 
is eaten raw, as a salad. 
* Ra'DI-US, n. ; pi. Radii. [L.] 1. In geometry, a right line 
drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the pe- 
riphery ; the semi-diameter of the circle. — 2. In anatomy, 
the exterior bone of the forearm, descending along wit! - 
the ulna from the elbow to the wrist. — 3. In botany, a ray ; 
the outer part or circumference of a compound radiate 
flower, or radiated discous flower. 

RA'DI-US VE-CTOR, n. [L.] In astronomy, the straight 
line drawn from the center of force to the point of the 
orbit, where the body is supposed to be. Thus, the radi- 
us vector of a planetary orbit is a line drawn from the 
center of the sun to the center of the planet in any part 
of that orbit. — Brande. — Olmsted. 

RaTHX, n. [L.] 1. In etymology, a primitive word from 
which spring other words. — 2. In logarithms, the base of 
any system of logarithms, or that number whose logarithm 
is unity.— 3. In algebra, radix or root sometimes denotes 
a finite expression, from which a series is derived. 

t RaFF, v. t. [G. raffen.] To sweep ; to snatch, draw, or 
huddle together ; to take by a promiscuous sweep. 

RaFF, n. 1. The sweepings of society ; the rabble ; the 
mob ; [colluvies.] This is used chiefly in the compound 
or duplicate, riffraff. 2. A promiscuous heap or collection ; 
a jumble. 

RAFF'-MER'CHANT, n. A timber-merchant; a raft-mer- 
chant. [Yorkshire, Eng.] 

RAF'FLE (raffl), v. i. [Fr. rafier.] To cast dice for a prize, 
for which each person concerned in the game lays down a 
stake or hazards a part of the value. 

RAF'FLE, n. A game of chance, or lottery in which sev • 
eral persons deposit a part of the value of the thing, in 
consideration of the chance of gaining it. 

RAF'FLER, n. One who raffles. 

RAF'FLLNG, ppr. The act of throwing dice for a piize 
staked by a number. 

RIFT, n. [Dan. raft ; Sax. reafian.] An assemblage of 
boards, planks, or pieces of timber fastened together hori 
zontally and floated down a stream ; a float. — Pope. 

tRXFT, pp. [Sax. reafian.] Torn; rent; severed. 

RaFT, v. t. To carrying on or in a raft. 

RaFTED, pp. Carried on or in a raft. 

RaFTER, n. [Sax. rafter.] A roof timber ; a piece of tim 
ber that extends from the plate of a building towai d the 
ridge, and serves to support the covering of the roof. — Pope, 

RAFTERED, a. Built or furnished with rafters 

RIFTING, ppr. Carrying on or in a raft. 

RAFTING, n. The business of floating rafts. 

RaFTS'MAN, n. A man who manages a raft. 

RAFT'Y, a. Damp ; musty. — Robinson. [Local] 

RAG, n. [Sax.hracod; Dan. ragerie.] 1. Any piece of cloth 
torn from the rest ; a tattered cloth, torn or worn till its 
texture is destroyed. 2. Garments worn- out ; proverbially, 
mean dress. 3. A fragment of dress. 

RAG, v. t. [qu. Sax. wregian.] To scold; to rail.— Pegge. 
[Local] 

RAG'-BoLT, n. An iron pin with barbs on its shank to re- 
tain it in its place. — Mar. Diet. 

RAG'-WHEEL, n. In machinery, a wheel having a notched 
or serrated margin. 

tl^'llRlfk. }* A * ™°> ra ~ ed w 

RAG-A-MUF'FIN, n. [qu. rag, and Sp. mofar.] A paltry let- 
low ; a mean wretch. — Swift. 

RagE, n. [Fr. rage.] 1. Violent anger accompanied with 
furious words, gestures, or agitation ; anger excited to 
fury ; choler. 2. Vehemence or violent exacerbation of 
any thing painful. 3. Fury ; extreme violence. 4. En- 
thusiasm ; rapture. 5. Extreme eagerness or passion di 
rected to some object. 

RagE, v. i. 1. To be furious with anger ; to be exasperated 
tofuiy; to be violently agitated with passion. 2. To be 
violent and tumultuous. 3. To be violently driven or agi- 
tated. 4. To ravage ; to prevail without restraint, or with 



DOVE -.—BULL. tJNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsol&z. 



RA1 



312 



RAK 



fatal effect. 5. To be driven with impetuosity ; tc act or 
move furiously. 6. To toy wantonly; to sport; [cbs.] — 
Syn. To storm ; fret ; chafe ; fume. 
RagE'FU L, a. Full of rage ; violent ; furious.— Sidney. 
f RI'GER-Y, n. Wantonness. — Chaucer. 

RAGG, n. A silicious sandstone. See Ragstone. 
RAG'GED, a. [from rag.] 1. Rent or worn into tatters, or 
till its texture is broken. 2. Broken with rough edges ; 
uneven. 3. Having the appearance of being broken or 
torn ; jagged ; rough with sharp or irregular points. 4. 
Wearing tattered clothes. 5. Rough ; rugged. 

RAG'GED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being dressed m tat- 
tered clothes. 2. The state of being rough or broken ir- 
regularly. 

RlG'ING, ppr. or a. [from rage.] Acting with violence or 
fury ; vehemently driven or agitated. — Syn. Furious ; 
frantic ; mad ; wrathful ; angry ; violent ; tumultuous ; 
impetuous ; vehement. 

RaG'ING, n. Fury ; violence ; impetuosity. — Jonah, i. 

Rag'ING-LY, ado. With fury ; with violent impetuosity. 

RAG'MAN, n. A man who collects or deals in rags. 

RAG'MAN"S-RoLL, n. The record, contained on rolls of 
parchment, of those instruments by which the Scottish no- 
bility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of 
England, A.D. 1296.— P. Cyc. See Rigmarole. 

RA-GoUT (ra-goo'), n. [Fr. ragout ; Arm. ragoud.] A sauce 
or seasoning for exciting a languid appetite ; or a high- 
seasoned dish, prepared with fish, flesh, greens, and the like, 
stewed with salt, pepper, cloves, &c. 

RAG'STONE, n. A dark-gray silicious sandstone, called, 
also, Rowley Ragg. — Brande. 

RA-G0L.ED', )a. In heraldry, a cross raguled is a cross 

RAG-GOL-ED', 5 resembling two ragged stalls. 

RAGWORT, n. A plant of the genus senecio. 

RaID, n. A hostile or predatory incursion. — Walter Scott. 
[Scottish.] 

RaIL, n. [G. riegel ; W. rhail.] 1. A piece of timber or of 
iron or other metal, extending from one post or support 
to another, as in fences, balustrades, stair-cases, &c. 2. 
The horizontal part in any piece of framing or paneling. — 
3. In a ship, a narrow plank nailed, for ornament or secu- 
rity, on a ship's upper works. 

RaIL, n. A long-toed bird of the genus rallus, frequenting 
the banks of streams and other moist places. 

RaIL, n. [Sax. hragle, rczgle.] A woman's upper garment ; 
retained in the word night-rail. 

RaIL, v. t. 1. To inclose with rails. 2. To range in a line. 

RAIL, v. i. [D.rallen; Sp.rallar.] To utter reproaches ; to 
scoff* ; to use insolent and reproachful language; to re- 
proach or censure in opprobrious terms. — Swift. 

RaIL'-FENCE, n. A fence made of wooden rails. 

RaIL'-RoAD, \n. A road or way constructed with two 

RaIL'-WaY, 3 iron bars or for the wheels of carriages, 
to diminish friction. [It may be well to confine rail-road 
to the highway in which a rail-way is laid, and to use rail- 
way only for the rails when laid.] 

RaIL'ER, n. One who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproach- 
es with opprobrious language. — South. 

RilLTNG, ppr. 1. Clamoring with insulting language ; ut- 
tering reproachful words. 2. a. Expressing reproach ; in- 
sulting. 

RaIL'ING, n. Reproachful or insolent language. — 1 Pet., iii. 

RaIL'ING, ppr. Inclosing with rails. 

RaIL'ING, n. 1. A series of rails ; a fence. 2. Rails in gen- 
eral ; or the materials for rails. 

RaIL'ING-LY, adv. With scoffing or insulting language. 

RAIL'LER-Y (raller-y), n. [Fr. raillerie.] Banter; jesting 
language ; good-humored pleasantry or slight satire ; sa- 
tirical merriment. — Addison. 

t RAILLEUR (ra-il-yur'), n. [Fr.] A banterer : a jester. 

RaI'MENT, n. [for arrayment.) 1. Clothing in general ; vest- 
ments ; vesture ; garments. 2. A single garment. 

RaIN, v. i. [Sax. hregnan, regnan, renian, rinan • Goth. 
rign.] 1. To fall in drops from the clouds, as water ; 
used mostly with it for a nominative. 2. To fall or drop 
like rain. 

RUN, v. t. To pour or shower down from the upper re- 
gions, like rain from the clouds. 

RaIN, n. [Sax. rcegn, regn, ren.] Water falling in drops 
from the atmosphere ; or the descent of water in drops 
from the atmosphere. 

f RaIN -BeAT, a. Beaten or injured by the rain. — Hall. 

RaIN'-DEER, n. See Reindeer. 

RaIN'-GUaGE, \ n. An instrument for measuring the quan- 

RaIN'-GaGE, 5 tity of rain that falls at any given place. 

RaIN'-TiGHT (-tlte), a. So tight as to exclude rain.— Carlyle. 

RaIN'-WA-TER, n. Water that has fallen from the clouds. 

RlIN'BoW, n. A bow, or an arch of a circle, consisting of 
all the colors formed by the refraction and reflection of 
rays of light from drops of rain or vapor appearing in the 
part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun. 

RIIN'BoW-TINT-ED, a. Having tints like those of a rain- 
bow. — Mrs. Butler. 



RaIN'BoWSD, a. Formed with a rainbow 

RaIN'I-NESS, n. The state of being rainy. 

RaIN'ING, ppr. Pouring or showering down, as watcrfrom 
the clouds. 

RaIN Y, a. Abounding with rain ; wet ; showery. 

RaIP, ii. A rod to measure ground. 

RaISE (raze), v. t. [Goth, raisyan, ur-raisyan.] 1. To lift ; 
to take up ; to heave ; to lift from a low or reclining pos- 
ture. 2. To set upright. 3. To set up ; to erect ; to set 
on its foundations and put together. 4. To build. 5. To 
rebuild. 6. To form to some height by accumulation. 7 
To make ; to produce ; to amass. 8. To enlarge ; to am 
plify, as one's fortune.— Shah. 9. To exalt ; to elevate in 
condition. 10. To exalt ; to advance ; to promote in rank 
or honor ; to prefer. 11. To enhance ; to increase. 12. 
To increase in current value. 13. To excite ; to put in 
motion or action. 14. To excite to sedition, insurrection, 
war, or tumult ; to stir up. 15. To arouse ; to awake ; to 
stir up. 16. To increase in strength ; to excite from lan- 
guor or weakness. 17. To give beginning of importance 
to ; to elevate into reputation. 18. To bring into being. 
19. To bring from a state of death to life. 20. To call into 
view from the state of separate spirits. 21. To invent and 
propagate ; to originate ; to occasion. 22. To set up ; to 
excite ; to begin by loud utterance, as an outcry. 23. To 
utter loudly • to begin to sound or clamor. 24. To utter 
with more strength or elevation ; to swell, as the voice. 

25. To collect ; to obtain ; to bring into a sum or fund. 

26. To levy ; to collect ; to bring into service, as an army. 

27. To give rise to. 28. To cause to grow ; to procure to 
be produced, bred, or propagated ; [New England.] 29. 
To cause to swell, heave, and become light, as paste or 
dough. 30. To excite ; to animate with fresh vigor. 31. 
To ordain ; to appoint ; or to call to and prepare ; to fur- 
nish with gifts and qualifications suited to a purpose ; [a 
Scriptural seiise.] 32. To keep in remembrance. — Ruth, 
iv. 33. To cause to exist by propagation. — Matt., xxii. 
34. To incite ; to prompt. — Ezra, i. 35. To increase in in- 
tensity or strength. — 36. In seamen's language, to elevate, 
as an object by a gradual approach to it ; to bring to be 
seen at a greater angle, as the land. 

To raise a purchase, in seamen's language, is to dispose in- 
struments or machines in such a manner as to exert any 
mechanical force required. — To raise a siege, is to remove 
a besieging army, or to cause its removal and the relin- 
quishment of the attempt to take the place. 

RaISED (razd), pp. or a. Lifted ; elevated ; exalted ; pro- 
moted ; set upright ; built ; made or enlarged ; produced ; 
enhanced ; excited ; restored to life ; levied ; collected ; 
roused ; invented and propagated ; increased. 

RXIS'ER, n. 1. One who raises; that which raises. Ba- 
con.— Taylor. — 2. Amongjoiners, one of the upright boards 
on the front of the steps of a flight of stairs. — Buchanan. 
RaI'SZN (ra'zn), n. [Fr., Ir. ; Arm. rcesin, resin ; D. rozyn ; 
G. rosine.] A dried grape. 

RaISTNG, ppr. Lifting ; elevating ; setting upright ; exalt- 
ing; producing; enhancing; restoring to life ; collecting: 
levying ; propagating, &c. 

RaIS'ING, n. 1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, 
exalting, producing, or restoring to life. — 2. In America, 
the operation or work of setting up the frame of a building. 

Ra'JAH, \ n. [L. rex, regis.] In India, a native prince or 

RX'JA, I king.— P. Cyc. 

Ra'.IAH-SHIP, n. The dignity or principality of a rajah. 

RXJ-POOT', n. A Hindoo of the military tribe or order. 

RaKE, n. [Sax. raca, race ; G. rechen ; Ir. raca.] An in- 
strument consisting of a head-piece, in which teeth are in- 
serted, and a long handle at right angles to it ; used for 
collecting hay or other light things. 

RaKE, n. [Dan. rakel.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man ; 
a man addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices. 

RaKE, n. [Sax. racan.] 1. The projection of the upper 
parts of a ship, at the height of the stem and stern, beyond 
the extremities of the keel. 2. The inclination of a mast 
from a perpendicular direction. 3. The forward inclina- 
tion of a mill-saw. 

RaKE, v. t. [Sax. racian; Sw. raka; Dan. rager.] 1. Prop- 
erly, to scrape ; to rub or scratch with something rough. 
2. To gather with a rake. 3. To clear with a rake ; to 
smooth with a rake. 4. To collect or draw together 
something scattered ; to gather by violence. 5. To scour ; 
to search with eagerness all corners of a place. — 6. In the 
military art, to enfilade ; to fire in the direction with the 
length of any thing ; particularly, in naval engagements, 
to rake is to cannonade a ship on the stern or head, so 
that the balls range the whole length of the deck.— To rake 
up, applied to fire, is to cover the fire with ashes. 

RaKE, v. i. 1. To scrape ; to scratch into for finding some- 
thing ; to search minutely and meanly. 2. To search with 
minute inspection into every part. 3. To pass with vio- 
lence or rapidity. 4. To seek by raking. 5. To lead a 
dissolute, debauched life. 6. To incline from n perpen- 
dicular direction. 



' See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, I, &c, short.— F XR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE BOOK, 



RAM 



813 



RAN 



RaKJED (rakt), pp. Scraped ; gathered with a rake ; cleaned 
with a rake ; cannonaded fore and aft. 

RIKE'HELL, n. [Dan. rakel.] A lewd, dissolute fellow ; a 
debauchee ; a rake. 

RaKE'HELL. a. Base; wild; outcast; worthless. — Spc7iser. 

RXKE'HEL-LY, a. Dissolute; wild. — Ben Jonson. 

RaK'ER, n. One who rakes. 

RaKE'SHaME, n. A vile, dissolute wretch.— Milto n. 

RaK'ING, ppr. 1. Scraping ; gathering with a rake ; clean- 
ing and smoothing with a rake ; cannonading in the di- 
rection of the length ; inclining. 2. a. That rakes. 

RaK'ING, n. 1. The act of using a rake ; the act or opera- 
tion of collecting with a rake, or of cleaning and smooth- 
ing with a rake. 2. The space of ground raked at once ; 
or the quantity of hay, &c, collected by once passing the 
rake. 3. The course of life of a rake or debauchee. 

RaKISH, a. 1. Given to a dissolute life ; debauched.— 2. In 
vessels, having a great rake or backward inclination of the 
masts. 

RaK'ISH-LY, adv. In a rakish manner. 

RIK'ISH-NESS, n. Dissolute practices. 

RALLI-ANCE, n. Act of rallying. 

RAL'LIiL'D (rallid), pp. 1. Reunited and reduced to order. 
2. Treated with pleasantry. 

RAL'LY, v. t. [Fr. railier.] 1. To reunite ; to collect and re- 
duce to order troops dispersed or thrown into confusion. 
2. To collect ; to unite ; as things scattered. 

RAL'LY, v. t. [Fr. railier.] To attack with raillery either in 
good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or 
satire, according to the nature of the case. — Syn. To joke ; 
banter ; ridicule ; satirize ; deride ; mock. 

RAL'LY, v. i. 1. To assemble ; to unite. 2. To come back 
to order. 3. To use pleasantry or satirical merriment. 

RAL'LY, n. 1. The act of bringing disordered troops to 
their ranks. 2. Exercise of good humor or satirical mer- 
riment. 

RAL'LY-ING, ppr. 1. Reuniting ; collecting and reducing to 
order. 2. Treating with pleasant humor. 

RAM, n. [Sax., D.ram; G.ramm.] 1. The male of the sheep 
or ovine genus ; in some parts of England called a tup. — 
2. In astronomy, Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the 
sun enters about the 21st of March. 3. An engine of war, 
used formerly for battering and demolishing the walls of 
cities; called a battering-ram. 4. A machine for raising 
water by means of the momentum or moving force of a 
part of the water to be raised ; called hydraulic-ram or 
water-ram. —Hebert. 

RAM, v. t. [G. rammen ; D. rammeijen ; Dan. ramler.) 1. To 
thrust or drive with violence ; to force in ; to drive down 
or together. 2. To drive, as with a battering-ram. 3. To 
stutF; to cram. 

RAM'A-DAN, n. The great annual fast or Lent of the Mo- 
hammedans, kept through their ninth month, called Ram- 
adan. 

RAM'AGE, n. [L. ramus ; Fr. ramage.] 1. Branches of trees ; 
[obs.] 2. The warbling of birds sitting on boughs. 3. See 
Rummage. 

IRAM'AgE, a. [Old Fr. ramaage.] Wild; shy.— Chaucer. 

RAM'BLE (ram'bl), v. i. [It. ramengare.] 1. To walk, ride, 
or sail from place to place, without any determinate ob- 
ject in view ; or to visit many places ; to go about care- 
lessly or irregularly. 2. To go at large without restraint 
and without direction. 3. To move without certain di- 
rection. — Syn. To rove ; roam ; wander ; range ; stroll. 

RAM'BLE, n. A roving ; a wandering ; a going or moving 
from place to place without any determinate business or 
object ; an irregular excursion. 

RAM'BLING-LY, adv. In a rambling manner. 

RAM'BLER, n. One who rambles ; a rover: a wanderer. 

RAM'BLING, ppr. or a. Moving or going irregularly. — Syn. 
Roving; roaming; wandering; strolling; unsettled. 

RAM'BLING, n. A roving; irregular excursion. — South. 

RAM'BOOZE, )n. A drink made of wine, ale, eggs, and 

RAM'BuSE, 5 sugar in winter, or of wine, milk, sugar, 
and rose-water in summer. — Bailey. 

RAM'E-Kf N ) (-kin), n. [Fr. ramequin.] In cookery, a name 

RAM'E-QUIN 3 given to small slices of bread covered with 
a farce of cheese and eggs. 

RAM-EN-Ta'CEOUS, a. In botany, covered with weak, 
shriveled, brown, scale-like processes. — Lindley. 

RAM'ENTS, n. pi. [L. ramenta.] 1. Scrapings ; shavings ; 
[obs.] — 2. Ramen'ta,pl. In botany, loose scales on the stems 
of plants. — LinnaLus. 
Ri'ME-OUS, a. [L. ramus.] In botany, belonging to a 

branch ; growing on or shooting from a branch. — Lee. 
RAM-I-FI-CX'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The process of branching 
or shooting branches from a stem. 2. A branch ; a small 
ctlvision proceeding from a main stock or channel. 3. A 
division or subdivision. — 1. In botany, the manner in which 
a tree produces its branches or boughs. 5. The production 
of figures resembling branches. — Encyc. 
RAM1-Fli?D (-fide), pp. Divided into branches. 
RAM1-F?, v. t. [Fr. ramifier.] To divide into branches. 



RAM'I-F?, v. i. 1. To shoot into branches, as the stem of <» 
plant. _2. To be divided or subdivided. 

RAM'I-FY-ING, ppr. Shooting into branches or divisions. 

RAMMED (ramd), pp. Driven forcibly. See Ram. 

RAM'MER, n. 1. One who rams or drives. 2. An instru 
ment for driving any thing with force. 3. A gun-stick ; a 
rod for forcing down the charge of a gun. 

RAM'MING, ppr. Driving with force. 

BAM'MISH, a. [Dan. ram.] Rank ; strong-scented 

RAM'MISH-NESS, n. Rankness ; a strong scent. 

RAM-OL-LES'CENCE, n. [Fr. ramolli,:] A softening or 
mollifying. — Caldwell. 

RAM'MY, a. Like a ram ; strong-scented — Burton. 

RA-MOON', 7i. A small West Indian tree, whose leaves and 
twi^s are used as fodder for cattle. — P. Cyc. 

Ra'MoSE, ) a. [L. ramosus.] 1. In botany, branched, as a 

Ra'MOUS, 5 stem or root ; having lateral divisions. 2. 
Branchy ; consisting of branches ; full of branches. 

RAMP, v. i. [Fr. ramper ; It. rampa, rampare.] 1. To climb, 
as a plant ; to creep up. 2. To spring ; to leap ; to bound ; 
to prance ; to frolic. In this sense usually written and 
pronounced romp. 

RAMP, n. 1. A leap ; a spring ; a bound. Milton. — 2. in 
architecture, a concave bend or slope in the cap or upper 
member of any piece of ascending or descending work- 
manship. Bran.de. — 3. In fortification, a road cut oblique- 
ly into, or added to the interior slope of the rampart. — 
Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

RAMP'AgE, v. i. To scour up and down or prance about in 
a riotous manner. — Halliwcll. [Used in Scotland, and 
sometimes in England.] 

RAM-PAL'LIAN (-pal'yan), n. A mean wretch. — Shak. 

RAMP'AN-CY, n. Excessive growth or practice ; excessive 
prevalence ; exuberance : extravagance. — South. 

RAMPANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Overgrowing the usual bounds : 
rank in growth ; exuberant. 2. Overleaping restraint. — 3. 
In heraldry, applied to the lion, leopard, or other beast, 
rampant denotes the animal reared and standing on hia 
hind legs, in the posture of climbing. 

EAMP'ANT-LY, adv. In a rampant manner. 

RAM'PART, In. [Fr. rempart.] 1. In fortification, an eleva 

RAM'PIeR, ) tion or mound of earth round a place, capa- 
ble of resisting cannon shot, and formed into bastions, 
curtains, <fcc. 2. That which fortifies and defends from 
assault : that which secures safety. 

t RAMTaRT, v. t. To fortify with ramparts.— Shak. 

RAM'PI-ON, n. [from ramp.] The name of several plants, 
one of which, the esculent Tampion, is cultivated in En 
gland, and eaten raw like the radish. 

t RAM'PIRE, n. The same as rampart. 

RAMTIR.ED, a. Fortified with a rampart. 

RAM'ROD, n. A rod of iron. &c, used in ramming dowx 
the charge in a musket, pistol, &c. 

RAM'SON, n. A species of garlic, formerly cultivated. 

RAM'U-LOUS, a. Having many small branches. 

RAN, the pret. of run. In old writers, open robbery. 

RAN-CES'CENT, a. [L. rancco.] Becoming rancid or sour. 

t RANCH, v. t. [corrupted from wrench.] To sprain; to in 
jure by violent straining or contortion. — Dryden. 

RAN-CHE'RO (ran-tsha'ro), n. [Sp.] In Mexico, a herds- 
man; a peasant employed on a rancho. They are to 
some extent a mongrel breed between Spaniards and In- 
dians, and are a wild, lawless set, who are often but little 
better than mere banditti. — Hudson. 

RANCH'O (ran'tsho), n. [Sp.] In Mexico, a small hamlet, 
or large farming establishment for rearing cattle and 
horses. It is thus distinguished from a hacienda, which is 
a cultivated farm or plantation. — Hudson. 

RAN'CID, a. [L. rancidus.] Having a rank smell ; -strong- 
scented ; sour ; musty. — Arbuthnot. 

RAN-CID'I-TY, \n. The quality of being rancid ; a strong, 

RAN'CID-NESS, j sour scent, as of old oil. 

RAN'CID-LY, adv. With a strong scent ; mustily. 

RAN'€OR (ranlfur), n. [L.] 1. Deep-seated and implacable 
enmity. 2. Virulence ; corruption. — Syn. Malice ; malig- 
nity ; gall ; bitterness ; spite ; hate ; hatred ; malevolence : 
ill-will. 
RAN'€OR-OUS (rank'ur-us), a. Characterized by deep and 
implacable malice. — Syn. Malignant ; malicious ; bitter ; 
spiteful ; malevolent ; virulent. 
RAN'COR-OUS-LY, adv. With deep malignity or spiteful 

malice. 
RAND, n. [G., D., Dan. rand.] A border ; edge ; margin ; 

as, the rand of a shoe. 
RAN'DOM, n. [Norm., Sax. randun.] 1. A roving motion or 
course without direction ; hence, want of direction, rule, 
or method ; hazard ; chance ; used in the phrase at ran- 
dom, that is, without a settled point of direction. 2. Course- 
motion ; progression ; distance of a body thrown. 
RAN'DOM, a. 1. Done at hazard or without settled aim oi 
purpose ; left to chance. 2. Uttered or done without pre- 
vious calculation. 
RAN'DOM-SHOT, n. A shot not directed to a point, or s 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. VFCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ilAN 



814 



RAP 



snot with the muzzle of the gun elevated above a hori- 
zontal line. — Brande. 

RAN'DY, a. Disorderly ; riotous. — Grose. [Local.] 

RA.NE, n. [Sax. hrana ; Fr. renne ; D. rendier ; G. rennthier ; 
Dan. rensdyr.] A species of deer found in the northern 
parts of Europe, Asia, and America; usually railed rein- 
deer. 
RAN'FoRCE, n. The ring of a gun next to the vent. 

RANG, the old pret. of ring. [Nearly obsolete.] 

RaNGE, v. t. [Fr. ranger.) 1. To set in a row or in rows ; 
to place in a regular line, lines, or ranks ; to dispose in 
the proper order. 2. To dispose in proper classes, or- 
ders, or divisions. 3. To dispose in a proper manner ; to 
place in regular method ; to arrange. 4. To rove over ; 
to pass over. 5. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to 
or near. 

RaNgE, v. i. 1. To go at large ; to travel about without 
restraint or direction. 2. To be placed in order; to be 
ranked. 3. To lie in a particular direction. 4. To sail or 
pass near or in the direction of. — Svn. To rove ; roam ; 
ramble ; wander ; stroll. 

RaNgE, n. [Fr. rangee.] 1. A row; a rank; things in a 
line ; as, a range of buildings. 2. A class ; an order. 3. A 
wandering or roving ; excursion. 4. Space or room for 
excursion. 5. Compass or extent of excursion ; space 
taken in by any thing extended or ranked in order. 6. 
The step of a ladder. 7. A kitchen-grate ; [obs.] 8. An 
extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brick- 
work, and containing pots, ovens, &c. 9. A bolting-sieve 
to sift meal. — 10. In gunnery, the horizontal distance to 
which a shot or other projectile is carried. Sometimes, 
though less properly, the path of a shot or projectile, or 
the line it describes from the mouth of the piece to the 
point where it lodges. — 11. The public lands of the United 
States are surveyed or divided into ranges, which designate 
the order of their arrangement into townships. — Bouvier. 

RINGED, pp. Disposed in a row or line ; placed in order ; 
passed in roving ; placed in a particular direction. 

RaNg'ER (ranj'er), n. 1. One who ranges ; a rover ; a rob- 
ber ; [little used.] 2. The name given to mounted troops 
armed with short muskets, who range the country, and 
often fight on foot. 3. A dog that beats the ground.— -4. In 
England, a sworn officer of a forest, whose business for- 
merly was to walk through the forest, watch the deer, &c. 

RaNg'ER-SHIP, n. The office of the keeper of a forest. 

RaNG'ING, ppr. Placing in a row or line ; disposing in or- 
der, method, or classes ; roving ; passing near and in the 
direction of. 

RINGING, n. The act of placing in lines or in order ; a 
roving, &c. 

RANK, n. [Ir. ranc ; W. rhenc ; Arm. rencq ; Fr. rang.] 1. 
A row or line ; [applied to troops ;] a line of men standing 
abreast or side by side, and, as opposed to file, a line run- 
ning from front to rear of a company, battalion, &c. — 2. 
Ranks, in the plural, the order of common soldiers. 3. A 
row ; a line of things, or things in a fine. 4. Degree ; 
grade ; [in military affairs ;] as, the rank of captain. 5. De- 
gree of elevation in civil life or station ; the order of ele- 
vation or of subordination. 6. Class ; order ; division ; 
any portion or number of things to which place, degree, 
or order is assigned. 7. Degree of dignity, eminence, or 
excellence. 8. Dignity ; high place or degree in the or- 
ders of men. — Rank and file, the whole body of common 
soldiers, including, also, corporals, who carry firelocks. — 
To fill tiie ranks, to supply the whole number, or a com- 
petent number. — To take rank, to enjoy precedence, or to 
have the right of taking a higher place. 

HANK, a. [Sax. ranc ; Sp., It. rancio ; L. rancidus.] 1. Lux- 
uriant in growth ; being of vigorous growth. 2. Causing 
vigorous growth ; producing luxuriantly ; very rich and 
fertile. 3. Strong-scented. 4. Rancid ; musty. 5, Inflamed 
with venereal appetite. 6. Strong to the taste ; high-tast- 
ed. 7. Raised to a high degree ; excessive ; violent ; as, 
rank enmity. ? Gross ; coarse. 9. Strong ; clinching. 
10. Excessive ; exceeding the actual value. — To set rank, 
as the iron of a plane, to set it so as to take oft' a thick 
shaving. 

RANK, v. t. 1. To place abreast or in a line. 2. To place 
in a particular class, order, or division. 3. To dispose me- 
thodically ; to place in suitable order. 

RANK, v. i. 1. To be ranged ; to be set or disposed ; as in 
a particular degree, class, order, or division. 2. To be 
placed in a rank or ranks. 3. To have a certain grade or 
degree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life. 

RANKED (rankt), pp. Placed in a line ; disposed in an or- 
der or class ; arranged methodically. 

RANK'ER, n. One who disposes in ranks ; one who ar- 
ranges. 

RANKING, ppr. Placing in ranks or lines ; arranging ; dis- 
posing in orders or classes ; having a certain rank or grade. 
RANK'LE (rankl), v. i. 1. To grow more rank or strong ; 
to be inflamed ; to fester. 2. To become more violent ; 
to be inflamed ; to rage. 



RANK'LING, n. The act or process of becoming more 
virulent ; deep and active irritation. — Dwight. 

RANK'LY, adv. 1. With vigorous growth. 2. Coarsely 
grossly. 

RANK'NESS, n. 1. Vigorous growth ; luxuriance ; exubei 
ance. 2. Exuberance ; excess ; extravagance. 3. Extra 
ordinary strength. 4. Strong taste. 5. Rancidness ; rani 
smell. 6. Excessiveness. 

RAN'NY, 7i. The shrew-mouse. — Brown. 

RAN'SACK, v. t. [Dan. randsager ; Sw. ransaka ; Gaelic 
ransuchadh.] 1. To plunder ; to pillage completely ; to 
strip by plundering. 2. To search thoroughly ; to enter 
and search every place or part. 3. To violate ; to ravish , 
[obs.] 

RAN'SACKED (-sakt), pp. Pillaged ; searched narrowly. 

RAN'SACK'ING, ppr. Pillaging ; searching narrowly. 

RAN'SOM, n. [Dan. ranzon ; Sw. ranson ; Gcr. ranzion , 
Norm, raancon ; Fr. rancon.) 1. The money or price 
paid for the redemption of' a prisoner or slave, or for goods 
captured by an enemy. 2. Release from captivity, bond- 
age, or the possession of an enemy. — 3. In law. a sum paid 
for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of 
the offender ; or a fine paid in lieu of corporeal punish- 
ment. — 4. In Scripture, the price paid for a forfeited life, 
or for delivery or release from capital punishment. 5 
The price paid, for procuring the pardon of sins and the 
redemption of the sinner from punishment. 

RAN'S6M, v. t. [Sw. ransonera ; Dan. ranzonerer ; Fr. ran- 
conncr.] 1. To redeem or free from captivity or punish- 
ment by paying an equivalent. 2. To redeem from the 
possession of an enemy by paying a price deemed equiva- 
lent. — 3. In Scripture, to redeem from the bondage of sin, 
and from the punishment to which sinners are subjected 
by the divine law. 4. To rescue ; to deliver. — Hos., xiii. 

RAN'SoMED, pp. or a. Redeemed or rescued from cap 
tivity, bondage, or punishment by the payment of an 
equivalent. 

RAN'S6M-ER, n. One who redeems. 

RAN'S6M-ING, ppr. Redeeming from captivity, bondage, 
or punishment by giving satisfaction to the possessor ; 
rescuing ; liberating. 

RAN'SOM-LESS, a. Free from ransom. — Skak 

RANT, v. i. [W. rhonta.] To rave in violent, high-sounding, 
or extravagant language, without correspondent dignity 
of thought ; to be noisy and boisterous in words or decla- 
mation. 

RANT, n. High-sounding language without dignity of 
thought ; boisterous, empty declamation. 

RANT'ER, n. 1. A noisy talker ; a boisterous preacher.— 
2. Ranters, pi., a religious sect which arose about 1645. U 
is now extinct, and the name has been reproachfully ap- 
plied to the Primitive Methodists, who seceded from the 
Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in 
fervor and zeal. — Brande. 

RANT'ER-ISM, n. The practice or tenets of ranters. 

RANTING, ppr. or a. Uttering high-sounding words with- 
out solid sense ; declaiming or preaching with boisterous, 
empty words. 

RANTI-POLE, a. Wild; roving; rakish.— Congrme. [A 



word.] 
[Low.] 



RANT'I-POLE, v. i. To run about wildly. — Arbuthnot 



RANT'ISM, n. The practice or tenets of ranters. 

RANT'Y, a. Wild ; noisy ; boisterous. 

RAN'U-LA, n. [L. rana.] A swelling of a salivary gland 
under the tongue. 

RA-NUN'€U-LUS, n. [L.] In botany, crow-foot, a genus of 
small plants, some of which have beautiful flowers. 

RMZ DES VacHES' (ranz da vashO- [Fr.] Literally, the 
round of the cows ; the name of certain simple melodies 
of the Swiss mountaineers, commonly played on a long 
trumpet called the Alpine horn. — P. Cyc. 

RAP, v. i. [Sax. hrepan, hreppan, repan ; L. rapio ; Sw. rap- 
pa.] To strike with a quick, sharp blow ; to knock. 

RAP, v. t. To strike with a quick blow ; to knock. — To rap 
out, to utter with sudden violence. — Addison. 

RAP, v. t. 1. To seize and bear away, as the mini oi 
thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with 
ecstasy or rapture. 2. To snatch or hurry away. 3. Tc 
seize by violence. 4. To exchange ; to truck ; [low, ana 
not used.] — To rap and rend, to seize and tear or strip ; to 
fall on and plunder ; to snatch by violence. 

RAP, n. A quick, smart blow ; as, a rap on the knuckles. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS, a. [L. rapax.) 1. Given to plunder; dis- 
posed or accustomed to seize by violence; seizing by 
force. 2. Accustomed to seize for food ; subsisting ou 
prey or animals seized by violence. — Syn. Greedy ; rav 
enous ; voracious. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. By rapine ; by violent robbery oi 
seizure. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being rapacious , 
disposition to plunder or to exact by oppression. 

RA-PACI-TY (ra-pas'e-te), n. [Fr. rapaciti ; L. rapacitas.] 



See Synopsis a . E, T. &c, U ng.—A, t t *-;, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M<> V E, BOOK. 



RAR 



815 



RAS 



1. Addictedness to plunder ; the exercise of plunder ; the 
act or practice of seizing by force. 2. Ravenousness. 3. 
The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive 
injustice. 4. Exorbitant greediness of gain. 

RIPE, n. [L.rapio.raptus ; It.ratto ; Yr.rapt.) 1. Ina^ew- 
eral sense, a seizing by violence; also, a seizing and carry- 
ing away by force, as females. — 2. In law, the carnal knowl- 
edge of a woman forcibly and against her will. — Blackstone. 
3. Privation ; the act of seizing^or taking away. 4. Some- 
thing taken or seized and carried away. 5. Fruit plucked 
from the cluster. 6. A division of a county in Sussex, in 
England ; or an intermediate division between a hundred 
and a shire, and containing three or four hundreds. 

RIPE, v. [It. raib ; L. rapa, rapum ; Gr. paws ; D. raap.] 
One of the names of the brassica rapa, or common turnip. 
It is, however, more commonly applied to the brassica 
rapus, or French turnip, a biennial plant of a woody text- 
ure, which is cultivated chiefly for the oil obtained from it. 

r RIPE. v. i. To commit a rape. — Heywood. 

RIPE'-CIKE, n. The refuse or marc remaining after the 
oil has been expressed from the rape-seed. — Farm. Encyc. 

RIPE'-ROOT. See Rape. 

RaPE'-SEED, n. The seed of the rape or French turnip, 
from which oil is expressed. 

RI'PHE, n. [Gr. p:i(pri, a suture.] In botany, a bundle of 
vessels connecting the chalaza with the hilum of a seed. — 
Lindley. 

RAPH'I-DeS, v. pi. [from Gr. pa<piS, a needle.] Minute trans- 
parent crystals, found in the tissues of plants. — Lindley. 

RAPID, a. [L. rapidus.] 1. Characterized by quickness of 
motion. 2. Advancing or progressing with haste or speed. 
3. Characterized by quickness of utterance. — Syn. Swift; 
quick ; fast ; fleet ; expeditious ; speedy ; hasty ; hurried. 

RAPID, n. s. > The part of a river where the current 

RAP'IDS, ii. pi. \ moves with more celerity than the com- 
mon current. — Rapids imply a considerable descent of the 
earth, but not sufficient to occasion a fall of the water, or 
what is called a cascade or cataract. 

RA-PID'I-TY, n. [L. rapiditas ; Fr. rapidite.] 1. Quickness 
of motion. 2. Quickness in utterance. 3. Quickness of 
progression or advance. — Syn. Rapidness ; haste; speed; 
celerity ; velocity ; swiftness ; fleetness ; agility. 

RAP'ID-LY, adv. 1. With great speed, celerity, or velocity ; 
swiftly ; with quick progression. 2. With quick utterance. 

RAP'ID-NESS, n. Swiftness; speed; celerity; rapidity. 

RI'PI-ER, n. [Fr. rapiere ; It. roipeir.] A small sword used 
only in thrusting. — Pope. 

RI'PI-ER-FISH, ii. The sword-fish.— Grew. 

PA PTL'I O \ n ' P u l ver ized volcanic substances. 
RAPINE, ii. [Fr. ; L. rapina.] 1. The act of plundering ; 
the seizing and carrying away of things by force ; pillage ; 
plunder. 2. Violence ; force. 
RAP'lNE, v. t. To plunder. 
RAP'lNED, pp. Plundered. 
R.AP-PA-REE', ii. A wild Irish plunderer ; so called from 

rapery, a half-pike that he carries. — Todd. 
RAP-PEE', ii. A coarse kind of snuff. 
RAP'PER, n. [from rap.] 1. One who raps or knocks. 2. 

The knocker of a door. 3. An oath or a lie ; [obs.] 
i RAP-PoRT, n. [Fr.] Relation ; proportion. 
RAPT, pp. or a. [from rap.] Transported ; ravished, 
f RAPT, v. t. To transport or ravish. — Chapman. 
RAPT, n. 1. An ecstasy ; a trance. 2. Rapidity ; [obs.] 
RAP'TER ) n. [L. raptor.] A ravisher ; a plunderer. — 
RAPTOR, 5 Drayton. 
RAP-To'RI-AL, a. Rapacious ; an epithet applied to birds 

of prey. — Swainson. 
RAP-To'RI-OUS, a. A term applied to animals which dart 

upon and seize their prey. — Humble. 
RAPTURE (rapt'yur), n. [L. raptus.] 1. A seizing by vio- 
lence ; [little used.] 2. Violence of a pleasing passion ; 
extreme joy or pleasure. 3. Rapidity with violence ; a 
hurrying along -with velocity. 4. Enthusiasm; uncom- 
mon heat of imagination. — Syn. Bliss; ecstasy; transport; 
delight; exultation. 
RAPT VRED, a. Ravished ; transported.— Thomson. 
RAPTUR-IST, n. An enthusiast.— Spenser. 
RAPTUR-OUS, a. Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing. 
RAPTUR-OUS-LY, adv. With rapture ; ecstatically. 
RA'RA a'VIS, n. [L.] A rare bird ; an unusual person. 
RIRE, a. [L. rarus ; Sp., Port., It., raro ; Jc '■are.] 1. Sel- 
dom occurring ; not frequent. 2. Unusually excellent ; 
valuable to a degree seldom found. 3. Thinly scattered. 
4. Thin ; porous ; not dense. 5. [Sax. hrcre.] Nearly raw ; 
imperfectly roasted or boiled. Dryden. — Syn. Scarce ; 
infrequent ; unusual ; uncommon ; singular ; extraordina- 
ry; incomparable. 
RIR'EE-SHoW, n. [rare and show.] A show carried about 

in a box by a showman. — Pope. 
RAR-E-F ACTION, n. [Fr.] The act or process of expand- 
ing or distending bodies, by separating the parts and ren- 
dering the bodies more rare or porous, by which operation 

D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER Vl"CIOUS.— C~a7 



they appear under a larger bulk, or require more room. 
without an accession of new matter ; opposed to condensa 
tion. — Encyc. 

RAR'E-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of being rarefied. 

RAR'E-Fl-ED, pp. or a. Made thin or less dense. 

RAR'E-F? , v. t. [Fr. rarejier ; L. rarefacio.] To make thin 
and porous or less dense ; to expand or enlarge a body 
without adding to it any new portion of its own matter. 

RAR'E-FY, v. i. To become thin and porous.— Dryden. 

RAR'E-F?-ING, ppr. Making thin or less dense. 

RaRE'LY, adv. 1. Seldom; not often; as, things rarely 
seen. 2. Finely ; nicely. — Shak. ; [little used.] 

RaRE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being uncommon ; uncom- 
monness ; infrequency. 2. Value arising from scarcity 
3. Thinness ; tenuity ; subtilty ; opposed to density. 4. 
Distance from each other ; thinness. 

R.IRE'RlPE, a. [Sax. araran.] Early ripe ; ripe before oth- 
ers, orbefore the usual season. 

RIRE'RlPE, n. An early fruit, particularly a kind of peach 
which ripens early. 

* RAR'I-TY, n. [FT.rarete; L.raritas.] 1. Uncommonness ; 
infrequency. 2. A thing valued for its scarcity. 3. Thin- 
ness ; tenuity : opposed to density. 

RAS'CAL, n. [Sax.J 1. A mean fellow ; a scoundrel ; in 

modern usage, a trickish, dishonest fellow ; a rogue. 2. A 

lean deer. — Shak. — Toone. 
RAS'CAL, a. 1. Lean ; as, a rascal deer. 2. Mean ; low. 
RAS-CAL'ION (-yun), n. A low, mean wretch. — Hudibras. 
RAS-€AL'I-TY, n. 1. The low, mean people.— South. 2. 

Mean trickishness or dishonesty ; base fraud. 
RAS'€AL-LY, a. 1. Meanly trickish or dishonest ; vile. 2. 

Mean ; vile ; base ; worthless. — Swift. 

* RISE, v. t. [Fr. raser ; Sp., Port, rasar.] 1. To pass along 

the surface of a thing, with striking or rubbing it at the 
same time ; [obs.] 2. To scratch or rub out ; or to blot 
out. 3. To lay or make level with the ground. [In this 
sense, see Raze.] — Syn. To erase ; efface ; obliterate ; ex- 
punge ; cancel ; level ; prostrate ; overthrow ; subvert ; 
destroy; demolish; ruin. 

IRaSE, n. 1. A cancel; erasure. 2. A slight wound. 

RASH, a. [D., Ger. rasch ; Sw., Dan. rask.] 1. Resolving oi 
entering on a project or measure without due deliberation 
and caution, and thus encountering unnecessary hazard. 
2. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little 
reflection. 3. Requiring haste ; urgent. — Shak. 4. Quick , 
sudden ; [obs.] — Syn. Precipitate ; headlong ; headstrong ; 
fool-hardy ; hasty ; indiscreet ; heedless ; thoughtless ; in- 
considerate ; careless ; incautious ; unwary. 

RASH, n. Corn so dry as to fall out with handling. [Local] 

RASH, n. [It. rascia.] 1. An eruption or efflorescence on 
the body with little or no elevation. 2. Satin ; [obs.] 

RASH, v. t. [It. raschiare ; W. rhdsg.] To slice ; to cut into 
pieces ; to divide. — Spenser. 

RASH.ED (rasht), pp. Cut into slices ; divided. 

RASH'ER, n. A thin slice of bacon ; a thin cut. — Shak. 

t RASH'LING, n. One who acts without caution or reflec- 
tion. 

RASHLY, adv. With precipitation ; hastily ; without due 
deliberation. — L Estrange. 

RASHNESS, n. 1. Too much haste in resolving or in un- 
dertaking a measure ; inconsiderate readiness or prompt- 
ness to decide or act. 2. The quality of being littered or 
done without due deliberation. — Syn. Temerity ; fool- 
hardiness ; precipitancy ; precipitation ; hastiness ; indis- 
cretion ; heedlessness ; inconsideration ; carelessness. 

RAS-KOL'NIKS, n. pi. The name given to the largest and 
most important body of dissenters from the Greek Church 
in Russia. — Brande. 

RA-So'RI-AL, a. [L. rado.] In ornithology, an epithet ap- 
plied to gallinaceous birds, including the peacock, domes- 
tic fowl, partridge, ostrich, pigeon, &c. — Swainson. 

RISP, n. [Sw., D. rasp ; Ger. raspel ; Dan. raspe.] 1. A spe- 
cies of file, on which the cutting prominences are distiuct. 
being raised by punching with a point, instead of cuttiug 
with a chisel. — Hebert. 2. A raspberry, which see. 3. Thu 
rough bark of a tree. 
RISP, v. t. [D. raspen ; Dan. rasper ; Sw. raspa.] To rub 

or file with a rasp ; to nib or grate with a rough file. 
RISP'A-TO-RY, n. A surgeon's rasp. — Wiseman. 

* RASP'BER-RY (raz^er-re), n. [Ger. kratzbeere.] The fruit 

of a bramble or species of rubus ; a berry growing on a 
prickly plant 

* RASP'BER-RY-BUSH, n. The bramble producing rasp- 

berries. 
RISPJSD (raspt), pp. Filed with a rasp ; grated to a fine 

powder. 
RISP'ER, n. A scraper. — Sherwood. 
RISP'ING, ppr. Filing with a rasp ; grating to a fine 

powder. 
RaS'URE (ra'zhur), n. [L. rasura.] 1. The act of scraping 

or shaving ; the act of erasing. 2. The mark by which a 

letter, word, or any part of a writing or print is erased, 

effaced, or obliterated ; an erasure. 



K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH a? SH ; TH as in thl*. i Oh 



RAT 



816 



RAT 



RAT, n. [Sax. rat ; D. rat ; Ger. ratze ; Fr. rat.} The popu- 
lar name of several small and troublesome rodent quad- 
rupeds of the genus mus, larger than mice. — To smell a rat, 
to be suspicious ; to be on the watch from suspicion. 
RAT, v. i. [from the desertion of a place by rats before an 
anticipated calamity.] 1. In English politics, to desert 
one's former party and go over to the opposite. Booth.— 
2. Among printers, to work for less than the established 
prices. — T. F. Adams. 
RAT-€ATCH-ER, n. One who makes it his business to 

catch rats. 
RAT'S'-BaNE, n. Poison for rats ; arsenious acid. — Swift. 
RAT'S'-BaNjED, a. Poisoned by rat's-bane. — Junius. 
RAT'S'-TaIL, n. A disease in horses, in which the hair of 

the tail is permanently lost. — Gardner. 
RAT'-TaIL, n. In farriery, an excrescence growing from 

the pastern to the middle" of the shank of a horse. 
RaTA-BLE, a. 1. That may be rated, or set at a certain 
value. — Camden. 2. Liable or subjected by law to taxa- 
tion. — Stat, of Conn. 

RaT'A-BLY, adv. By rate or proportion ; proportionally. 

* RAT-A-Fi'A, n. [Sp.] A fine spirituous liquor, flavored 
with the kernels of several kinds of fruits, particularly of 
cherries, apricots, and peaches. — TJre. 

RAT-AN', n. [Malay, rotam. ; Java, rottang.] 1. A name ap- 
plied to stems, the growth of India, and the produce of 
various species of the genus calamus. They are long, un- 
branched, jointed, very tough and strong, and are used 
for chair-seats, walking-sticks, thongs, &c. 2. A walking- 
stick made of ratan. 

RATA-NY, > n. A half-shrubby Peruvian plant, the root 

RAT'AN-HY, 5 of which is very astringent.— P. Cyc. 

RATCH, n. A bar containing angular teeth, into which a 
pall or catch drops, to prevent machines from running 
back. — Hebert. 

RATCH'ET, n. In a watch, a small tooth at the bottom of 
the fusee or barrel, which stops it in winding up. 

RATCH'ET-WHEEL, n. A circular wheel having angular 
teeth, into which a pall or ratchet drops, to prevent ma- 
chines from running back. — Hebert. 

RATCH'IL, n. Among miners, fragments of stone. 

RaTE, n. [Norm, rate ; L. ratus.] 1. The proportion or 
standard by which quantity or value is adjusted ; ratio. 
2. Price or amount stated or fixed on any thing. 3. Set- 
tled allowance. 4. Degree ; comparative height or value. 
5. Degree in which any thing is done. 6. Degree of value ; 
price. 7. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property 
for public use, according to its income or value ; assess- 
ment ; as, parish rates. — 8. In the navy, the order or class 
of a ship, which is called first, second, third, &c, rate, ac- 
cording to its magnitude or force. 

RaTE, v. t. 1. To set a certain value on ; to put or rank at 
a certain price or degree of excellence. 2. To fix the 
magnitude, force, or order, as of ships. 3. To take the 
rate of ; as, to rate a chronometer, that is, to ascertain the 
exact rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, 
for the sake of making a due allowance in computations 
dependent thereon. Prof. Loomis.—SYH. To value ; ap- 
praise ; estimate ; compute ; reckon. 

RITE, v. i. 1. To be set or considered in a class, as a ship. 
2. To make an estimate. 

RaTE, v. t. [Sw. rata, ryta ; Ice. reita.] To chide with ve- 
hemence ; to reprove ; to scold ; to censure violently. — 
Shak. 

RaTED, pp. I. Set at a certain value ; estimated ; set in a 
certain order or rank. 2. Chid ; reproved. 

RaTER, n. One who sets a value on or makes an estimate. 

fRATH, n. [Ir. rath.} A hill.— Spenser. 

f RATH, a. [Sax. rath, rathe, hrath, hrathe.] Early ; coming 
before others, or before the usual time. — Milton. 

* RATH'ER, adv. [Sax. rathor, hrathor ; comp. of rath.] 1. 
More readily or willingly ; with better liking ; with pref- 
erence or choice. 2. In preference ; preferably ; with 
better reason. 3. In a greater degree than otherwise. 4. 
More properly ; more correctly speaking. 5. Noting some 
degree of contrariety in fact. — The rather, especially ; for 
better reason ; for particular cause. — Had rather is sup- 
posed to be a corruption of would rather. 

RATH'OF-FITE, u. A species of garnet brought from 
Sweden. 

RAT-I-FI-CI'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of ratifying ; con- 
firmation. 2. The act of giving sanction and validity to 
something done by another. 

RATI-FI.ED, pp. Confirmed ; sanctioned ; made valid. 

RAT'I-Fl-ER, n. He or that which ratifies or sanctions. 

RAT'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. ratifier.} 1. To confirm ; to establish ; 
to settle. 2. To approve and sanction ; to make valid. 

RAT'I-FY-ING, ppr. Confirming; establishing; approving 
and sanctioning. 

RAT-I-HA-BI"TION, n. Confirmation or approbation, as of 
a contract. 

RATING, ppr. [from rate.] 1. Setting at a certain value ; 
assig ning rank to ; estimating. 2. Chiding ; reproving. 



See Synopsis. A, E. T, &c, long.- -I, e, f, &c, short.— FIR, FALI , WHAT ;— PREY ; 



Ra'TIO (ra'sho), n. ; pi. Ratios. [L.] 1. In popular language. 
proportion ; rate ; degree. — 2. In mathematics, geometriai 
ratio, often called simply ratio, is that relation between 
quantities of the same kind which is expressed by the 
quotient of the one divided by the other ; as, the ratio cf 
8 to 4 is 2. — Arithmetical ratio is the difference betwoon 
two quantities or sets of quantities. — Day's Algebra. 

* RA-TIOC'I-NaTE (ra-shos'e-nate), v. i. [L. raliocinor.] To 
reason ; to argue. [Little used.] 

* RA-TIOC-I-Na'TION (ra-shos-e-na'shun), n. [L. ratiocina 
tio.] The act or process of reasoning, or of deducing con- 
sequences from premises. — South. 

* RA-TIOC'I-NA-TlVE (-shos'-), a. Argumentative ; consist- 
ing in the comparison of propositions or facts, and the de- 
duction of inferences from the comparison. [Little used.} 

Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. ratio.} A portion or fixed allowance 
of provisions, drink, &c, assigned to each soldier in an 
army, or sailor in the public service, for his daily subsistence. 

* Ra'TION-AL (ra'shun-al or rash'un-al), a. [Fr. ralionnel ; 
It. rationale ; L. rationalis.} 1. Having reason or the fac- 
ulty of reasoning ; endowed with reason. 2. Agreeable 
to reason. 3. Agreeable to reason ; not extravagant. 4. 
Acting in conformity to reason. — Rational horizon, see 
Horizon, No. 2. — Rational quantity, in algebra, a quantity 
whose value can be exactly expressed by numbers ; op- 
posed to irrational quantity or surd. — Syn. Sane ; sound ; 
intelligent ; reasonable ; sensible ; wise ; discreet ; judi- 
cious. 

* Ra'TION-AL (ra'shun-al or rash'un-al), n. A rational be 
ing. — Young. 

" RA-TION-A'LE (ra-shun-ale or rash-un-ale), n. 1. A de- 
tail with reasons ; a series of reasons assigned. 2. An ao 
count or solution of the principles of some opinion, action, 
hypothesis, phenomenon, &c. 

* Ra'TION-AL-ISM (ra'shun- or rash'un-). n. A system of 
opinions deduced from reason, as distinct from inspiration 
or opposed to it. — Bib. Repos. 

* Ra'TION-AL-IST (ra'shun- or rash'un-), n. 1. One who 
proceeds in his disquisitions and practice wholly upon 
reason. — Bacon. 2. One who considers the supernatural 
events recorded in the Old and New Testaments as hap- 
pening in the ordinary course of nature, but described by 
the writers, without any real ground, as supernatural, and 
who subject the morality of the Scriptures to the test of hu- 
man reason. — C. Butler. Such are many German divines. 

* RA-TION-AL-IST'IC )(ra-shun- or rash-un-), a. Be- 

* RA-TION-AL-IST'IC-AL 5 longing to or in accordance 

with the principles of rationalism. 

* RA-TION-AL-IST'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a rationalistic man- 
ner. 

* RA-TION-AL'I-TY (ra-shun- or rash-un-), n. 1. The power 

of reasoning. 2. Reasonableness. 

* Ra'TION-AL-iZE, v. t. To convert to rationalism. 

* Ra'TION-AL-LY (ra'shun- or rash'un-), adv. In consist- 

ency with reason : reasonably. 

* Ra'TION-AL-NESS (ra'shun- or rash'un-), n. The state 

of being rational, or consistent with reason. 

RATLIN, In. A small line traversing the shrouds of a 

RATLINE, 5 ship, making the step of a ladder for ascend- 
ing to the mast-heads. 

RAT-OON', n. [Sp. retono.} 1. A sprout from the root of 
the sugar-cane after the first cutting. — Edwards. 2. A 
term applied to the heart leaves in a tobacco plant. 

RAT-TEEN', n. [Sp. ratina.} A thick woolen stuff, quilled 
or twilled. 

RAT-TI-NET, n. A woolen stuff, thinner than ratteen. 

RATTING, ppr. [from rat.} Deserting one's former party 
and going over to the opposite. [English.] 

RATTING, n. 1. The act of deserting one's former party 
and going over to the opposite ; [English.] 2. Among 
printers, the act of working for less than the established 
prices. — T. F. Adams. 

RAT'TLE (raftl), v. i. [D. ratelen, reutelen ; Ger. rasseln.] 
1. To make a quick, sharp noise, rapidly repeated, by the 
collision of bodies not very sonorous. 2. To speak eager- 
ly and noisily ; to utter words in a clattering manner. 

RATTLE, v. t. 1. To cause to make a rattling sound or a 
rapid succession of sharp sounds. 2. To stun with noise , 
to drive with sharp sounds rapidly repeated. 3. To scold , 
to rail at clamorously. 

RAT'TLE, n. 1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering 
sounds. 2. A rapid succession of words sharply uttered , 
loud, rapid talk; clamorous chiding. 3. An instrument 
with which a clattering sound is made. — For watchman's 
rattle, see Watchman. 4. A plant, louse- wort.— Yellow 
rattle, a plant of the genus rhinanlhus. 

RATTLE-BOX, n. A plant ; a popular name of one or more 
species of crotalaria. 

RATTLE-HeAD-ED, a. Noisy ; giddy ; unsteady. 

RATTLES (raf tlz), n. pi. The popular name of the croup 
or cynanche trachealis of Cullen. 

RATTLE-SNAKE, n. A poisonous American snake, that 
has rattles at the tail, of the genus crotalus. 

MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



RAV 



*r 



REA 



RATTLE-SNIKE-ROOT, n. A plant or root, use<\ to cure 
the bite of the rattlesnake. 

RATTLE-SNaKE-WEED, n. A plant. 

RATTLING, ppr. or a. Making a quick succession of sharp 
sounds. 

RATTLING, n. A rapid succession of sharp sounds. 

RAT-TOON', n. See Ratoon. 

RAU'CI-TY, n. [L. raucus.] 1. Hoarseness; a loud, rough 
sound. — 2. Among physicians, hoarseness of the human 
voice. 

RAU'COUS. a. Hoarse ; harsh. 

f RAUGHT (rawt). The old participle of reach. 

RAUNCH See Wrench. 

RAUT, v. i. To bellow ; to roar. See Rout. 

RAVAGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Destruction by violence, either by 
men, beasts, or physical causes. 2. Destruction by decay. 
— Syn. Despoilment ; devastation ; desolation ; pillage ; 
plunder ; spoil ; waste ; ruin. 

RAVAGE, v. t. [Fr. ravager.] To lay waste by various 
means of destruction, as war, inundation, devouring, &c. 
—Syn. To despoil ; pillage ; plunder ; sack ; spoil ; devas- 
tate; desolate; destroy; waste; ruin. 

RAVAGED, pp. or a. Wasted; destroyed; pillaged. 

RAVAG-ER n. A plunderer ; a spoiler ; he or that which 
lays waste. — Swift. 

RAVAG-ING, ppr. Plundering ; pillaging ; laying waste. 

RaVE, v. i. [D. revelen ; Sp. rabiar ; Port, raivar.] 1. To 
wander in mind or intellect ; to be delirious ; to talk irra- 
tionally ; to be wild. 2. To utter furious exclamations ; 
to be furious or raging, as a madman. 3. To dote ; to be 
unreasonably fond : followed by upon. 

RIVE, n. The upper side-piece of timber of the body of a 
cart. [New England.] 

RAVEL (ravl), v. t. [D. raaffelen and ravelen.] 1. To tear 
out or pull asunder any thing complex or complicate ; to 
untwist; to unweave or unknot; to disentangle. 2. To 
entangle ; to entwist together ; to make intricate ; to in- 
volve; to perplex; [obs.] 3. To hurry or run over in 
confusion; [obs.] 

RAVEL (rav'l), v. i. 1. To be separated in texture ; to be 
untwisted or unwoven ; to be disentangled. 2. To fall 
into perplexity and confusion ; [obs.] 3. To work in per- 
plexities ; to busy one's self with intricacies ; to enter by 
winding and turning ; [obs.] 

RAVELED, pp. or a. Untwisted; disentangled; twisted 
together ; made intricate. 

RaVE'LIN (ravTin), n. [Fr. ; It. ravellino.] In fortification, 
a detached work -with two embankments, which make a 
salient angle. It is raised before the curtain on the coun- 
terscarp of the place. 

RAVE L-ING, ppr. Untwisting ; disentangling ; twisting ; 
entangling. 

RAVEL-INGS, n. pi. Threads detached by the process of 
raveling. 

RaWEN (ra'vn), n. [Sax. hrczfn, lirefn, or rcefn.] A large 
bird, of a black color, belonging to the crow family. 

RAVEN (rav'n), v. t. [Ger. rauben; Dan. r'&ver ; Sax. reafi- 
an.] 1. To devour with great eagerness ; to eat with vo- 
racity. 2 To obtain by violence. 

RAVEN (rav'n), v. i. To prey with rapacity. — Gen., xlix. 

RAVEN (rav'n), n. 1. Prey; plunder; food obtained by 
violence. — Nah., ii. 2. Rapine ; rapacity. — Ray. 

Ra'VEN'S-DU€K, n. [Ger. ravenstuch.] A species of sail- 
cloth.— Tooke. 

RAVENED, pp. Devoured with voracity. 

RAV.EN-ER, n. 1. One who ravens or plunders. — Gower. 
2. Raveners, pi, birds of prey, a3 the owl, hawk, eagle, &e. 
— Kirby. 

RAV.E N-ING, ppr. Preying with rapacity. 

RAVEN-ING, n. Eagerness for plunder. — Luke, xi 

RAVEN-OUS, a. 1. Furiously voracious; hungry even to 
rage ; devouring with rapacious eagerness ; greedy. 2. 
Eager for prey or gratification. 

RAVEN-OUS-LY, adv. With raging voracity. — Burnet. 

RAVEN-OUS-NESS, n. Extreme voracity ; rage for prey. 

RaVER n. One who raves or is furious. 

RAV7N. See Raven. 

f RAVIN, a. Ravenous. — Shak. 

RA-VlNE' (ra-veen'), n. [Fr. ravin.] A long, deep, and nar- 
row hollow, worn by a stream or torrent of water : hence, 
any long, deep, and narrow hollow or pass through mount- 
ains, &c. 

RaVTNG, ppr. or a. Furious with delirium ; mad ; dis- 
tracted. 

Ra VTNG-LY, adv. With furious wildness or phrensy ; with 
distraction. — Sidn ey. 

RAVISH, v. t. [Fr. ravir.] 1. To seize and carry away by 
violence. 2. To have carnal knowledge of a woman by 
force and against her consent. — Isa., xiii. 3. To bear away 
with joy or delight ; to fill with ecstasy. — Syn. To vio- 
late; deflower; constuprate ; force; transport; entrance; 
overjoy : enrapture ; delight. 

RAVISHED (rav'isht), pp. or a. Snatched away by vio- 



lence ; forced to submit to carnal embrace ; delighted tc 
ecstasy. 

RAVISH-ER n. 1. One who takes by violence.— Pope. 2 
One who forces a woman to his carnal embrace. 3. One 
who transports with delight. 

RAVISHING, ppr. 1. Snatching or taking by violence, 
compelling to submit to carnal intercourse ; delighting tc 
ecstasy. 2. a. Delighting to rapture ; transporting. 

RAVISH-IN G, n. 1. A seizing and carrying away Ly vio 
lence. 2. Carnal knowledge by force against ccAsent 
3. Ecstatic delisrht; transport. 

RAVISII-ING-LY, adv. To extremity of delight. 

RAVISHMENT, n. 1. The act of forcing a woman to car- 
nal connection ; forcible violation of chastity. 2. Rapture ; 
transport of delight ; ecstasy ; pleasing violence on the 
mind or senses. 3. The act of carrying away ; abduction. 

RAW, a. [Sax. hreaw, rcoM ; D. raauw; Ger. roh.] 1. Not 
altered from its natural state ; not roasted, boiled, or 
cooked ; not subdued by heat. 2. Not covered with 6kin ; 
bare, as flesh. 3. Sore. 4. Immature ; unripe ; not con- 
cocted. 5. Not altered by heat ; not cooked or dressed ; 
being in its natural state. 6. Unseasoned ; unexperienced ; 
unripe in skill. 7. New ; untried. 8. Bleak ; chilly ; cold, 
or rather cold and damp. 9. Not distilled ; [obs.] 10. Not 
spun or twisted ; as, raw silk or cotton. 11. Not mixed or 
adulterated. 12. Bare of flesh. 13. Not tried or melted 
and strained. 14. Not tanned ; as, raw hides. 

RAW-B5N.ED, a. Having little flesh on the bones.— Shak. 

RAW'HEAD (-hed), n. The name of a spectre, mentioned 
to frighten children. — Dryden. 

RAWHIDE, n. A cowhide, or coarse riding-whip, made 
of untanned leather, twisted. 

RAW'ISH, a. Somewhat raw ; cool and damp. [Rare.] 

RAWLY, adv. 1. In a raw manner. 2. Unskillfully ; with 
out experience. 3. Newly. — Shak. 

RAWNESS, n. 1. The state of being raw ; uncooked , 
unaltered by heat. 2. Unskillfulness ; state of being inex- 
perienced. 3. Hasty manner. 4. Chilliness with damp- 
ness. 

RaY, n. [Fr. raie, rayon ; Sp., Port, rayo.] 1. A line of 
fight, or the right line supposed to be described by a par- 
ticle of light. A collection of parallel rays constitutes a 
beam ; a collection of converging or diverging rays, a pen- 
' oil. — 2. Figuratively, a beam or gleam of intellectual light 
3. Light ; lustre.— 4. In botany, the outer series of ligulate 
florets in a compound flower.— 5. In ichthyology, a bony 
or cai'tilaginous ossicle in the fins of fishes, serving to sup- 
port the membrane. 6. A plant, lolium.—l. Ray, for ar- 
ray. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

RIY, n. [Fr. raie ; Sp. raya; Ger. roche.] A name common 
to fishes of the Linnsean genus rai<z, as the skate, sting 
ray, <fcc. 

RaY, v. t. 1. To streak ; to mark with long fines. 2. To 
foul: to beray; [obs.] 3. To array; [obs.] 4. To shoot 
forth. 

RaY'-GRaSS, n. A name of loliumperenne ; rye-grass. 

Ra'YaH (ra'ya), n. In Turkey, a non-Mohammedan sub- 
ject, who pays the capitation-tax. — Brande. 

R.aYjBD, pp. or a. Streaked ; marked with long lines. 

RIY'LESS, a. Destitute of light ; dark ; not illuminated. 
— Young. 

RaZE, n. A root. 

RaZE, v. t. [Fr. raser ; L. rasus.] 1. To lay level or even 
with the ground 2. To erase ; to efface ; to obliterate. 
3. To extirpate. Shak. — Syn. To level ; prostrate ; over- 
throw ; subvert ; destroy ; demolish ; ruin. 

RIZ.ED (razd), pp. Subverted ; overthrown ; wholly ru- 
ined ; erased ; extirpated. 

RA-ZEE'. n. An armed ship, having her upper deck cut 
down, and thus reduced to the next inferior rank or class, 
as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate. — Totten. 

RA-ZEE', v. t. To cut down to an inferior class or rate, as 
a ship, &c. 

RA-ZEED', pp. Cut down to an inferior class. 

RA-ZEE'ING, ppr. Cutting down to an inferior class. 

R1Z1NG, ppr. Subverting ; destroying j erasing ; extirpa- 
ting. 

Ra'ZOR, n. [Fr. rasoir ; It. rasoio.] An instrument for 
shaving off beard or hair.— Razors of a boar, a boar's tusks. 

Ra'ZOR-BILL, n. An aquatic fowl, the common auk. 

Ra'ZOR-FISH, n. 1. A small fish of the Mediterranean, 
prized for the table.— Booth. 2. The razor-shell.— Kirby. 

RI'ZOR-SHELL, n. A bivalve shell-fish, having its sheH 
long and narrow like the handle of a razor. 

Ra'ZOR-STROP, n. A strop for sharpening a razor. 

t Ra'ZOR-A-BLE, a. Fit to be shaved.— Sliak. 

Rl'ZOR-ED, a. Formed like a razor. 

RaZ"URE (ra'zhur), n. [Fr. rasure.] The act of erasing or 
effacing ; obliteration. See Rasure. 

Re, a prefix or inseparable particle in the composition of 
words, denotes return, repetition, iteration. In a few Ett» 
glish words, it has lost its appropriate signification, as is 
rejoice, recommend, receive. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN GER Vl"GIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Fff 



RE A 



818 



REA 



RE-AB-SORB', v. t. [re and absorb.] 1. To draw in or im- 
bibe again what has been effused, extravasated, >r thrown 
off; [used of fluids.] 2. To swallow up again. 

RE-AB-SORB.ED' (re-ab-sorbd'), pp. Imbibed again. 

RE-AB-SORB'ING, ppr. Reimbibing. 

RE-AB-SORPTION (-shun), n. The act or process of im- 
bibing what has been previously thrown off, effused, or 
extravasated ; the swallowing a second time. 

RE-AC-CESS', n. [re and access.] A second access or ap- 
proach ; a visit renewed.— Hakewill. 

REACH, v. t. Raught, the ancient preterit, is obsolete. The 
verb is now regular ; pp. reached. [Sax. racan, recan, racan, 
or hracan ; Goth, rakyan.] 1. To extend ; to stretch. 2. 
To extend to ; to touch by extending, either the arm 
alone or with an instrument in the hand. 3. To strike 
from a distance. 4. To deliver with the hand by extend- 
ing the arm ; to hand. 5. To extend or stretch from a 
distance. 6. To arrive at ; to come to. 7. To attain to or 
arrive at, by effort, labor, or study ; hence, to gain or ob- 
tain. 8. To penetrate to. 9. To extend to so as to in- 
clude or comprehend in fact or principle, as a case. ] 0. 
To extend to. 11. To extend ; to spread abroad, as 
boughs. — Milton. 12. To take with the hand. 13. To 
overreach; to deceive. — South. 

REACH, v. i. 1. To be extended. 2. To penetrate. 3. To 
make efforts to vomit. — Cheyne; [see Retch.] — To reach 
after, to make efforts to attain to or obtain. 

REACH, n. I. Extension ; a stretching ; extent. 2. The 
power of extending to, or of taking by the hand, or by any 
instrument managed by the hand. 3. Power of attain- 
ment or management, or the limit of power, physical or 
moral. 4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or research ; 
contrivance ; scheme. 5. A fetch ; an artifice to obtain an 
advantage. 6. Tendency to distant consequences. 7. Ex- 
tent. — 8. Among seamen, the distance between two points 
on the banks of a river, in which the current flows in a 
straight course. 9. An effort to vomit. 

REACH.E D (reecht), pp. Stretched out ; extended ; touched 
by extending the arm ; attained to ; obtained. 

ReACH'ER, n. One who reaches or extends ; one who de- 
livers by extending the arm. 

REACHING, ppr. Stretching out ; extending ; touching by 
extension of the arm; attaining to; gaining; making efforts 
to vomit. 

RE-ACT', v. t. [re and act.] To act or perform a second 
tame. 

RE-ACT, v. i. 1. To return an impulse or impression ; to 
resist the action of another body by an opposite force. — 
2. In chemistry, to act mutually or reciprocally upon each 
other, as two or more chemical agents. — Dana. 3. To act 
in opposition ; to resist any influence or power. 

RE-A€T'ED, pp. Acted or performed a second time. 

RE-A€T'ING, ppr. Acting again; in physics, resisting the 
impulse of another body by an opposite force ; acting 
mutually or reciprocally. 

RE-ACTION, n. 1. In mechanics, a force which a body sub- 
jected to the action of a force from another body exerts 
upon that body in the opposite direction. Olmsted. — 2. In 
chemistry, the mutual or reciprocal action of chemical 
agents upon each other.— Dana. 3. Any action in resist- 
ing other action or power. 

RE-ACT'lVE. a. Having power to react ; tending to reac- 
tion. 

RE-ACT1VE-LY, adv. By reaction. 

RE-ACT'iVE-NESS, n. The quality of being reactive. 

fREAD (reed), n. [Sax. reed.] 1. Counsel. 2. Saying; 
sentence. 

READ (reed), v. t. The preterit and pp. read, is pronounced 
red. [Sax. rmdan, redan ; Ger. reden ; D. rede ; Dan. rede.] 
1. To utter or pronounce written or printed words, let- 
ters, or characters in the proper order; to repeat the 
names or utter the sounds customarily annexed to words, 
letters, or characters. 2. To inspect and understand words 
or characters ; to peruse silently. 3. To discover or un- 
derstand by characters, marks, or features. 4. To gather 
the meaning of by inspection; to learn by observation. 
5. To know fully. 6. To suppose ; to guess ; [obs.] 7. To 
advise; [obs.] 

READ (reed), v. i. 1. To perform the act of reading. 2. To 
be studious ; to practice much reading. 3. To learn by 
reading. 4. To tell ; to declare ; [obs.] 5. To appear in 
reading ; as, the passage reads thus in the early manuscripts. 

RSAD (red), pp. 1. Uttered; pronounced, as written words 
in the proper order. 2. Silently perused ; understood by 
inspection. 

READ (red), a. Instructed or knowing by reading; versed 
in books ; learned ; as, well read in history. 

ReAD'A-BLE. a. That may be read ; fit to be read. — Hurd. 

READ'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being readable. 

ReAD'A-BLY, <idv. So as to be legible. 

RE-A-DEP'TION, n. [from L. re and adeptus.] A regaining ; 

recovery of something lost. — Bacon. [Not much used.] 
ReAD'ER, n. 1. One who reads ; any person who pro- 



nounces written words ; particularly, one whose distinct 
ive office is to read prayers in a church. — 2. At the Uni- 
versity of Oxford, one who reads lectures on scientific sub- 
jects. Lyell. — 3. By way of distinction, one who read3 
much ; one studious, in books. 

ReAD'ER-SHIP, n. 1. The office of reading prayers in a 
church. Swift.— 2. At the University of Oxford, the office 
of a reader or lecturer on scientific subjects.— Lyell. 

ReAD'I-LY (red'e-le), adv. 1. Quickly ; promptly ; easily. 
2. Cheerfully; without delay or objection; without re- 
luctance. 

READ'I-NESS (red'e-nes), n. 1. Freedom from hinderanc« 
or obstruction. 2- Freedom from reluctance. 3. A state 
of being prepared; fitness of condition.— Syn. Quickness; 
expedition ; promptitude ; promptness ; facility ; aptitude ; 
aptness ; knack ; skill ; expertness ; dexterity ; ease ; cheer 
fulness ; willingness ; alacrity ; disposition ; alertness ; 
preparation. 

READING, ppr. I. Pronouncing or perusing written or 
printed words or characters of a book or writing. 2. Dis- 
covering by marks ; understanding. 

READING, a. Addicted to reading : as, a reading commu- 
nity. — A reading man, in the English universities, is a hard 
student, or one entirely devoted to his collegiate studies. 

ReAD'ING, n. 1. The act of reading ; perusal. 2. Study 
of books. 3. A lecture or prelection. 4. Public recital.— 
5. In criticism, the way in which a given word or passage 
reads in a manuscript, version, edition, &c. 6. A version 
or interpretation of a law, text, or passage, as conveying 
its meaning. — 7. In legislation, the formal recital of a bill 
by the proper officer, before the house which is to con- 
sider it. 

ReAD'ING-ROOM, n. A room provided with papers, peri- 
odicals, <fec, to which persons resort for reading. 

RE-AD- J6URN' (-jurn'), v. t. [re and adjourn.] 1. To adjourn 
a second time. 2. To cite or summon again ; [obs.] 

RE-AD-J6URN.ED', pp. Adjourned a second time. 

RE-AD-JUST, v. t. [re and adjust.] To settle again ; to put 
in order again what had been discomposed. 

RE-AD-JUSTED, pp. Adjusted again ; resettled. 

RE-AD-JUST1NG, ppr. Adjusting again. 

RE-AD-JUSTMENT, n. A second adjustment. 

RE-AD-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. [re and admission.] The 
act of admitting again what had been excluded. 

RE-AD-MIT, v. t. [re and admit.] To admit again. — Milton. 

RE-AD-MIT'TANCE, n. A second admittance; allowance 
to enter again. 

RE-AD-MIT'TED, pp. Admitted again. 

RE-AD-MIT'TING, ppr. Allowing to enter again. 

RE-A-DOPT", v. t. [re and adopt] To adopt again. — Young 

RE-A-DOR.N', v. t._ To adorn anew; to decorate a second; 
time. — Blackmore. 

RE-A-DORKED'. pp. Adorned anew. 

RE-AD-VERT'EN-CY, n. [re and advertency.] The act oi 
reviewing. — Norris. 

READ'Y (red'e), a. [Sax. raid, hrad, hrced ; Dan. rede.] 1 
Quick ; not hesitating ; as, a ready retort. 2. Quick to re 
ceive or comprehend ; not slow or dull ; as, ready percep 
tion. 3. Quick in action or execution. 4. Not delayed ; 
present in hand ; as, ready pay or money. 5. Furnished 
with what is necessary, or arranged in a manner suited to 
the purpose ; as, ready for departure. 6. Not backward 
or reluctant to do or suffer. 7. Prone ; having a tendency 
or disposition; as, ready to find fault. 8. Being at the 
point ; near ; not distant ; about to do or suffer. 9. Being 
nearest or at hand, as a weapon. 10. Short; near, or 
most convenient, as a way. — To make ready. 1. To pre- 
pare ; to provide and put in order. — 2. An elliptical phrase, 
for make things ready ; to make preparations ; to prepare. 
— Syn. Prompt ; expeditious ; speedy ; unhesitating ; 
dexterous ; apt ; skillful ; handy ; expert ; facile ; easy , 
opportune ; fitted ; prepared ; disposed ; willing ; free , 
cheerful. 

READ'Y (red'e), adv. In a state of preparation, so as tc 
need no delay. 

READ'Y (red'e), n. For ready money. — Arbuthnot. [A low 
word.] 

t READ'Y (red'e), v. t. To dispose in order ; to prepare. 

READY-MaDE (red'e-), a. Already made. 

READY-WITTED, a. Having ready wit. 

RE-AF-FiRM' (-farm'), v. t. [re and affirm.] To affirm e 
second time. 

RE-AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. A second confirmation.— Ayliffe. 

RE-AF-FIRM.ED', pp. Affirmed a second time. 

RE-AF-FiRM'ING, ppr. Affirming again. 

RE-a'6ENT, n. [re and agent.] In chemistry, a substance 
employed to detect the presence of other bodies. 

RE-AG-GRA-Va'TION, 72. [re and aggravation.] In th6 
Roman Catholic ecclesiastical law, the last monitory, pub- 
lished after three admonitions, and before the last excom- 
munication. 

t REAK, n. A rush. 

RE'AL, a. [Low L. realis; It. reale; Sp. real; Fr. reel.] 1 



*u Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— X, % 1, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR E Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



, 



REA 



81. 



REA 



Actually being or existing ; not fictitious or inuaginary. 

2. Not artificial, counterfeit or factitious. 3. Not affected ; 
not assumed ; as, real sympathy. 4. Relating to things, 
not to persons ; not personal ; as. the real part of busi- 
ness. — Bacon; [rare.]— 5. In law, pertaining to things 
fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tene- 
ments; as, real estate. — Real action, in law, is an action 
which concerns real property.— Real presence, in the Ro- 
man Catholic Church, the actual presence of the body and 
blood of Christ in the eucharist. — Syn. Actual ; true ; 
genuine ; authentic. 

r LE'AL, n. [Sp.] 1. A small Spanish denomination of mon- 
ey. The real of plate varies in value, according to the 
time of its coinage, from 12£ down to 10 cents, or from 6i 
to 5 pence sterling. The real vellon is a money of account 
equal to 5 cents. — M'Culloch. [It is sometimes written 
rial] 2. A realist ; [obs.] 

RE-AL'GAR, n. [Fr. reagal or realgal] A combination of 
sulphur and arsenic in equal equivalents ; red sulphuret 
of arsenic. 

Re'AL-ISM, n. The doctrine of the realists. 

Re'AL-IST, n. One who maintains that generals, or the 
terms used to denote the genera and species of things, 
represent real existences, and are not mere names, as 
maintained by the Nominalists. — Murdoch. 

RE-AL-ISTTG, a. Pertaining to or characteristic of the re- 
alists. 

RE-ALl-TY, n. [Fr. realite.] 1. Actual being or existence 
of any thing, in distinction from mere appearance. 2. 
Something intrinsically important, not merely matter of 
show. — 3. In the schools, that which may exist of itself, 
or which has a full and absolute being of itself, and is not 
considered as a part of any thing else. — 4. In law, immo- 
bility, or the fixed, permanent nature of property. — Syn. 
Truth ; fact ; verity ; actuality. 

AE-AL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of realizing or making 
real. 2. The act of converting money into land. 3. The 
act of believing or considering as real. 4. The act of 
bringing into being or act. — Glanville. 

RE'AL-lZE, v. t. [Sp. realizar; Fr. realiser.] 1. To bring 
into being or act. 2. To convert money into land, or per- 
sonal into real estate. 3. To impress on the mind, as a 
reality ; to believe, consider, or treat as real. 4. To bring 
home to one's own case or experience; to consider as 
one's own ; to feel in all its force. — Robt. Hall.—Dwight. 
5. To bring into actual existence and possession ; to ren- 
der tangible or effective. 

RE-AL-_lZ'A-BLE, a. That may be realized. 

Re'AL-iZ_ED, pp. Brought into actual being ; converted 
into real estate ; impressed, received, or treated as a real- 
ity ; felt in its true force ; rendered actual, tangible, or ef- 
fective. 

Re'AL-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Bringing into actual being ; convert- 
ing into real estate ; impressing as a reality ; feeling as 
one's own or in its real force ; rendering tangible or ef- 
fective. 2. a. That makes real, or that brings Tiome as a 
reality.— Robt. Hall.— Wilberforce. 

RE-AL-LegE' (re-al-leJO, v. t. [re and allege.] To allege 
again . — Cotgrave. 

RE-AL-Ll'ANCE, n. A renewed alliance. 

Re'AL-LY, adv. 1. With actual existence. 2. In truth ; in 
fact ; not in appearance only. 

REALM (relm), n. [Fr. royaume ; It, reame.] 1. A royal 
jurisdiction or extent of government; a kingdom; a king's 
dominions. 2. Kingly government. 

REALM'-BOUND-ING, a. Bounding a realm. 

RE'AL-TY, n. [It. realta.] 1. Loyalty; [obs.] 2. Reality; 
[obs.] — 3. In law, immobility. See Reality. 

REAM, n. [Sax. ream ; D. riem ; Dan. rem or reem ; Sw. rem.] 
A bundle of paper, consisting of twenty quires. — Printers' 
ream, among English printers. 21£ quires. — M'Culloch. 

ReAM, v. t. To bevel out, as a hole in metal, &c. — Halliwell. 

RE-AN'I-MaTE, v. t. [re and animate.] 1. To revive ; to re- 
suscitate ; to restore to life, as a person dead or apparent- 
ly dead. 2. To revive the spirits when dull or languid ; 
to invigorate ; to infuse new life or courage into. 

RE-AN'I-Ma-TED, pp. Restored to life or action. 

RE-ANI-Ma-TING, ppr. Restoring life to ; invigorating with 
new life and courage. 

RE-AN-I-MI'TION, n. The act or operation of reviving 
from apparent death ; the act or operation of giving fresh 
spirits, courage, or vigor. 

RE-AN-NEX', v. t. [re and annex.] To annex again; to re- 
unite ; to annex what has been separated. 

RE-AN-NEX- I'TION. n. The act of annexing again. 

RE-AN-NEX.ED' (re-an-nekst'), j pp. Annexed or united again. 

RE- AN-NEXTNG, ppr. Annexing again ; reuniting. 

REAP, v. t. [Sax. ripan.] 1. To cut grain with a sickle ; as, 
to reap wheat or rye. 2. To clear of a crop by reaping. 

3. To gather ; to obtain ; to receive as a reward, or as the 
fruit of labor or of works. 

REAP, v. t. I. To perform the act or operation of reaping. 
2 To receive the fruit of labor or works. 



: ReAP£D (reept), pp. Cu* with a sickle; received as tte 
fruit of labor or works. 

ReAP'ER, n. One who cuts grain with a sickle. 

ReAPTNG, ppr. Cutting grain with a sickle ; receiving as 
the fruit of labor or the reward of works 

REAPING, n. The act of cutting grain with a sickle. 

ReAPTNG-HQOK, n. An instrument used in reaping; a 
sickle. 

RE-AP-PAR'EL, v. t. [re and apparel.] To clothe again 

RE-AP-PAR'ELUD, pp. Clothed again. 

RE-AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Clothing again. 

RE-AP-Pe AR', v. i. [re and appear.] To appear a second time 

RE-AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. A second appearance. 

RE-AP-PeARTNG, ppr. Appearing again. 

RE-AP-PLI-Ci'TION, n. A second application. 

RE-AP-PLY', v. t. or i. [re and apply.] To apply again. 

RE-AP-PLYTNG, ppr. Applying again. 

RE-AP-POLNT, v. t. To appoint again. 

RE-AP-POINTED, pp. Appointed again. 

RE-AP-POINTTNG, ppr. Appointing again. 

RE-AP-POINTMENT, n. A second appointment 

RE-AP-PoR'TION, v. t. To apportion again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION£D, pp. Apportioned again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION-ING, ppr. Apportioning again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION-MENT, n. A second apportionment- 
Madison. 

REAR, n. [Fr. arriere.] 1. In a. general sense, that which is 
behind or backward ; appropriately, the part of an army 
which is behind the other ; also, the partof a fleet which 
is behind the other. 2. The last class ; the last in order. — 
In the rear, behind the rest ; backward, or in the last class. 

ReAR, a. [Sax. hrere.] 1. Little cooked; raw; rare. 2. 
_[Sax. araran.] Early. [A provincial word.] 

REAR, v. t. [Sax. raran, reran, araran.] 1. To raise. 2. To 
lift after a fall. 3. To bring up or to raise to maturity, as 
young. 4. To educate ; to instruct 5. To exalt ; to ele- 
vate." 6. To rouse ; to stir up. 7. To raise ; to breed, ao 
cattle. 8. To bear off; to achieve; to obtain. — To rear 
one's steps, to ascend ; to move upward. — Milton. 

ReAR, v. i. To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse. 

REAR'-AD'MI-RAL. See Admiral. 

ReAR'-GUaRD, n. The body of an army that marches in 
the rear of the main body to protect it 

ReAR.'-LiNE, n. The line in the rear of an army. 

ReAR'-MOUSE, n. [Sax. hrere-mus.] The leather-winged 
bat — Shah. 

ReAR'-RANK, n. The rank of a body of troops which it 
in the rear. 

REARED (reerd), pp. Raised; lifted; brought up; edu- 
cated; elevated. 

ReARTNG, ppr. Raising; educating; elevating. 

REARWARD, n. I. The last troop ; the rear-guard. 2. 
The end ; the tail ; the train behind. 3. The latter part. 
See Rereward. 

RE-AS-CEND', v. i. [re and ascend.] To rise, mount, or 
climb again. — Milton. 

RE-AS-CEND', v. t. To mount or ascend again. — Addison. 

RE-AS-CEND'ED, pp. Ascended again. 

RE-AS-CEND'ING, ppr. Ascending again. 

RE-AS-CEN'SION (-sen'shun), n. The act of reascending ; 
a remounting. 

RE-AS-CENT', n. A returning ascent ; acclivity. — Cowper. 

ReA'SON (re'zn), n. [Ir. reasun; W. rhesicm; Arm. resoun; 
Fr. raison ; Sp. razon; It. ragione; L. ratio.] 1. That 
which is thought or which is alleged in words, as the 
ground or cause of opinion, conclusion, or determination. 
2. That which supports or justifies a determination, plan, 
or measure. 3. Efficient cause. 4. Final cause or end. 
5. A faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes truth 
from falsehood, and good from evil, and which enables the 
possessor to deduce inferences from facts or from propo- 
sitions. 6. Ratiocination ; the exercise of reason. 7. 
Right ; justice ; that which is dictated or supported by 
reason. 8. Reasonable claim ; justice. 9. Rationale ; just 
account 10. Moderation ; moderate demands ; claims 
which reason and justice admit or prescribe. — In reason, 
in all reason, in justice ; with rational ground. — Syn. Ar- 
gument ; ground ; consideration ; motive ; principle , 
sake ; account ; object ; purpose ; design. 

ReA'SON, v. I [Fr. raisonner; Sax. r<zswian.\ 1. To exer- 
cise the faculty of reason; to deduce inferences justly 
from premises. 2. To argue ; to infer conclusions from 
premises. 3. To debate ; to confer or inquire by discus- 
sion or mutual communication of thoughts, argument?, or 
reasons. — To reason with. 1. To argue with ; to endeavor 
to inform, convince, or persuade by argument. 2. To dis- 
course ; to talk ; to take or give an account ; [obs.] 

REA'SON, v. t. 1. To examine or discuss by arguments ; to 
debate or discuss. 2. To persuade by reasoning or argu- 
ment 

ReA'SON-A-BLE (re'zn-a-bl), a. 1. Having the faculty of 
reason ; endued with reason. 2. Governed by reason 
being under the influence of reason ; dunking, speaking 



BOVE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



RKB 



820 



REB 



or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of reason. 
3. Conformable or agreeable to reason. 4. Not immoder- 
ate. 5. Being in mediocrity. 6. Not excessive ; not un- 
just. — Syn. Rational ; just ; honest ; equitable ; fair ; suit- 
able ; moderate ; tolerable. 
REASON-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The faculty of reason. 2. 
Agreeableness to reason; that state or quality of a thing 
which reason supports or justifies. 3. Conformity to ra- 
tional principles. 4. Moderation. 
RkA'SON-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree agreeable 
to reason ; in consistency with reason. 2. Moderately ; in 
a moderate degree ; not fully ; in a degree reaching to 
mediocrity. 
ReA'SQNED (re'znd), pp. 1. Examined or discussed by ar- 
guments. 2. Persuaded by reasoning or argument. 
ReA'SON-ER, n. One who reasons or argues. 
ReA'SON-ING, ppr. or a. Arguing ; deducing inferences 

from premises ; debating ; discussing. 
ReA'SON-ING, n. The act or process of exercising the 
faculty of reason ; that act of the mind by which new or 
unknown propositions are deduced from previous ones 
which are known and evident, or which are admitted or 
supposed for the sake of argument ; argumentation ; ratio- 
cination. 
ReA'SON-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of. reason. 2. Void of 
reason ; not warranted or supported by reason. — Syn. Ir- 
rational ; foolish ; silly ; unreasonable ; absurd ; prepos- 
terous ; ridiculous. 
RE-AS-SEM'BLA6E, n. Assemblage a second time. 
RE-AS-SEM'BLE, v. t. [re and assemble.] To collect again. 
RE-AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To assemble or convene again. 
RE-AS-SEM'BL.ED, pp. Assembled again. 
RE-AS-SEM'BLING, ppr. Assembling again. 
RE-AS-SERT, v. t. [re and assert.} To assert again; to 

maintain after suspension or cessation. 
RE-AS-SER'FED, pp. Asserted or maintained anew. 
RE-AS-SERTING, ppr. Asserting again ; vindicating anew. 
RE-AS-SERTION, n. A second assertion of the same thing. 
RE-AS-SlGN' (re-as-sine'), v. t. [re and assign.] To assign 

back ; to transfer back what has been assigned. 
RE-AS-SIGN.ED', pp. Assigned back. 

RE-AS-SlGNTNG, ppr. Transferring back what has been as- 
signed. 
RE-AS-SIM'I-L1TE, v. t. [re and assimilate.] To assimilate 
or cause to resemble anew ; to change again into a like or 
suitable substance. 
RE-AS-SIM'I-LI-TED, pp. Assimilated anew ; changed 

again to a like substance. 
RE-AS-SIM'I-LI-TING, ppr. Assimilating again. 
RE-AS-SIM-I-La'TION, ii. A second or renewed assimila- 
tion. — Encyc. 
RE-AS-SuME', v. t. [re and assume.] To resume ; to take 

again. — Milton. 
RE-AS-SuM£D' (re-as-sumd'), pp. Resumed ; assumed again. 
RE-AS-SuM'ING, ppr. Assuming or taking again. 
RE-AS-SUMP'TION, n. A resuming ; a second assumption. 
RE-AS-SuR'ANCE (re-ash-shur'ans), n. 1. Assurance or 
confirmation repeated. — Prynne ; [rare.] 2. A second as- 
surance against loss ; or the assurance of property by an 
underwriter, to relieve himself from a risk he has taken. 
RE-AS-SuRE' (re-ash-shure'), v. t. [re and assure.] 1. To 
restore courage to; to free from fear or terror. 2. To 
insure a second time against loss, or, rather, to insure by 
another what one has already insured ; to insure against 
loss that may be incurred by taking a risk. 
RE-AS-SUR.ED' (re-ash-shurd'), pp. 1. Restored from fear; 
re-encouraged. 2. Insured against loss by risk taken, as 
an underwriter. 
RE-AS-SuR'ER (re-ash-shur'er), n. One who insures the 

first underwriter. 
RE-AS-StJR'ING, ppr. 1. Restoring from fear, terror, or de- 
' pression of courage. 2. Insuring against loss by insurance. 
ReAS'TI-NESS, ti. Rancidness. [Not in use, or local.] 
ReAS'TY, a. [qu. rusty.] Covered with a kind of rust, and 
having a rancid taste ; [applied to dried meat.] — Skelton. 
[Not in use, or local.] 
ReATE (rete), n. A kind of long small grass that grows in 
water and complicates itself. — Walton. [Not in use, or 
local] 
RE-AT-TACH', v. t. [re and attach.] To attach a second 

time. 
RE-AT-TACH.ED' (-tachtf), pp. Attached a second time. 
RE-AT-TACH'MENT, n. A second attachment. 
RE-AT-TEMPT, v. t. [re and attempt] To attempt again. 
RE-AT-TEMPTED, pp. Attempted a second time. 
RE-AT-TEMPT'ING, ppr. Attempting again. 
t Re AVE (reeve), v. t. [Sax. reqfian.] To take away by 

stealth or violence ; to bereave. — Shalt. See Bereave. 
RE-A-VOW, v. t. To avow again. 
RE-BAPTISM, n. A second baptism. 
RE-BAP-TI-Za'TION, n. A second baptism. 
RE-BAP-TlZE', v. t. [re and baptize.] To baptize a second 
time.— Ayliffe. 



RE-BAP-T1Z.ED' (re-bap-Hzd'), pp. Baptized again. 

RE-BAP-TlZ'ER, n. One who baptizes again.— Howell. 

RE-BAP-TlZTNG, ppr. Baptizing a second time. 

RE-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. rebattre; It. ribattere.} 1. To blunt , to 
beat to obtuseness ; to deprive of keenness. 2. To abate 
or deduct from. — Dryden. 

RE-BITE', n. 1. A kind of hard free-stone used in pave 
ments ; also, a piece of wood fastened to a long stick foi 
beating mortar. Also, an iron tool, sharpened somewhat 
like a chisel, for dressing wood, &c. Elmes.—2. In archi 
tecture, the groove or channel sunk on the edge of a piece 
of timber ; a rabbet, which see. 

RE-BaTE', )n. 1. Diminution. — 2. In commerce. 

RE-BaTE'MENT, i abatement ; deduction made either of 
interest or of some particular sum, for prompt payment 
Bouvier. — 3. In heraldry, a diminution or abatement of the 
bearings in a coat of arms. 

RE-Ba'TO, n. A sort of ruff. See Rabato. 

Re'BEC, n. [Fr. rebec ; It. ribecca.] A three-stringed fiddle. 
— Milton. [Not much used.] 

REB'EL, n. [Fr. rebelle ; L. rebellis.] 1. One who revolt? 
from the government to which he owes allegiance, eithei 
by openly renouncing the authority of the government, oi 
by taking arms and openly opposing it. A rebel differs 
from an enemy, as the latter is one who does not owe al- 
legiance to the government which he attacks. 2. One 
who willfully violates a law. 3. One who disobeys the 
king's proclamation ; a contemner of the king's laws. 4 
A feudal villain who disobeys his lord. 

REB'EL, a. Rebellious ; acting in revolt. — Milton. 

RE-BEL', v. i. [L. rebello.] 1. To revolt; to renounce the 
.authority of the laws and government to which one owes 
allegiance. 2. To rise in violent opposition against lawful 
authority. 

RE-BELLJD' (re-beld'), pp. or a. Rebellious ; guilty of 
rebellion. — Milton. 

RE-BEL'LER, n. One who rebels.— Diet. 

RE-BEL'LING, ppr. Renouncing the authority of the gov- 
ernment to which one owes allegiance ; a rising in opposi- 
tion to lawful authority. 

RE-BELL'ION (re-bel'yun), n. [Fr. ; L. rebellio.] 1. An 
open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the gov- 
ernment to which one owes allegiance ; or the taking of 
arms traitorously to resist the authority of lawful govern- 
ment ; revolt. — Rebellion differs from insurrection and 
from mutiny. — Insurrection may be a rising in opposition 
to a particular act or law, without a design to renounce 
wholly all subjection to the government. — Insurrection 
may be, but is not necessarily, rebellion. — Mutiny is an 
insurrection of soldiers or seamen against the authority 
of their officers. 2. Open opposition to lawful authority. 
— Syn. Sedition ; revolt ; insurrection ; mutiny ; resist- 
ance; contumacy. 

RE-BELL'IOUS (re-bel'yus), a. Engaged in rebellion; re- 
nouncing the authority and dominion of the government 
to which allegiance is due ; traitorously resisting govern- 
ment or lawful authority. 

RE-BELL'IOUS-LY, adv. With design to throw off the au 
thority of legitimate government; in a rebellious manner 

RE-BELL'IOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being re 
bellious. _ 

RE-BEL'LoW, v. i. [re and bellow.] To bellow in return , 
to echo back a loud, roaring noise. — Dryden. 

RE-BEL'LoW-ING, ppr. Bellowing in return or in echo. 

RE-BLOS'SOM, v. i. [re and blossom.] To blossom again. 

RE-BLOS'SOM-ING, ppr. Blossoming again. 

t RE-BO- I'TION, n. [L. reboo.] The return of a loud, bel 
lowing sound. — Patrick. 

RE-BOIL', v. i. [L. re and bullio.] To take fire ; to be hot. 

RE-BOIL', v. t. To boil again. 

RE-BOIL.ED', pp. Boiled a second time. 

RE-BOUND', v. i. [Fr. rebondir.] To spring back ; to start 
back ; to be reverberated by an elastic power resisting 
force or impulse impressed. 

RE-BOUND', v. t. To drive back ; to reverberate.— ^Druden. 

RE-BOUND', n. The act of flying back in resistance of the 
impulse of another body ; resilience. — Dryden. 

RE-BOUND'ED, pp. Sprung back; reverberated. 

RE-BOUND'ING, ppr. Springing or flying back ; reverber- 
ating._ 

RE-BRaCE', v. t. [re and brace.] To brace again.— Gray. 

RE-BREATHE', v. i. [re and breathe.] To breathe again 

RE-BUFF', n. [It. rabbuffo ; Fr. rebuffade.] 1. Repercussion, 
or beating back ; a quick and sudden resistance. 2. Sud- 
den check ; defeat ; repulse. 3. Refusal ; rejection of soli- 
citation. 

RE-BUFF', v. t. To beat back ; to offer sudden resistance 
to ; to check. 

RE-BUFFED' (re-buftf), pp- Beaten back ; resisted suddenly , 
checked 

RE-BUILD' (-biW), v. t. [re and build.} To build again ; tti 
renew a structure ; to build or construct what has been 
demolished. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



REC 



821 



REC 



RE-BUlLD'ER, n. One who rebuilds.— Bishop Hall. 

RE-BUiLD'ING. ppr. Building again. 

RE-BUILT (-bilf), pp. Built again ; reconstructed. 

RE-BuK'A-BLE, a. Worthy of reprehension. 

RE-BuKE', v. t. [Norm, rebuquer.] 1. To chide ; to reprove 
to reprehend or reprimand for a fault; to check by re 
proof. 2. To check or restrain. 3. To chasten ; to pun 
ish ; to afflict for correction. 4. To check ; to silence. 5, 
To check ; to heal. 6. To restrain ; to calm. 

RE-BuKE', n. 1. A chiding ; reproof for faults ; reprehen 
sion. — 2. In Scripture, chastisement; punishment; afflic 
tion for the purpose of restraint and correction. Ezek., v, 
— 3. In low language, any kind of check. — To suffer rebuke, 
to endure the reproach and persecution of men. Jer., xv 
—To be without rebuke, to live without giving cause of re 
proof or censure ; to be blameless. 

RE-BUK.ED' (re-bukf), pp. Reproved ; reprehended ; check- 
ed ; restrained ; punished for faults. 

RE-BuKE'FUL, a. Containing or abounding with rebukes. 

RE-BuKE'FUL-LY, adv. With reproof or reprehension. 

RE-BuK'ER, n. One who rebukes ; a chider ; one who 
chastises or restrains. 

RE-BuK'ING, ppr. Chiding; reproving; checking; punish- 
ing. 

RE-BuKTNG-LY, adv. By way of rebuke. 

RE-BUL-Ll"TION (re-bul-lish'un), n. Act of boiling or effer- 
vescing. 

RE-BUR'Y (re-ber're), v. t. [re and bury.] To inter again. 

Re'BUS, n. ; pi. Rebuses. [L.. from res.] 1. An old and 
quaint mode of expressing words or phrases by the pic- 
tures of objects whose names bear a resemblance to the 
words or to the syllables of which they are composed. 
Thus, an eye and a ton, or barrel, represent the family name 
Eyton. — 2. In heraldry, a coat of arms, containing what al- 
ludes to the name of the person, as three cups for Butler. 
3. A peculiar kind of enigma or riddle. 

RE-BUT, v. t. [Fr. rebuter ; Norm, rebutter.] To repel ; to 
oppose by argument, plea, or countervailing proof. 

RE-BUT', v. i. 1. To retire back.— Spenser ; [obs.] 2. To 
answer, as a plaintiff's sur-rejoinder. — Blackstone. 

RE-BUT'TED, pp. Repelled; answered. 

RE-BUT'TER, ». In law pleadings, the answer of a defend- 
ant to a plaintiff's sur-rejoinder. — Blackstone. 

RE-BUTTING, ppr. Repelling; opposing by argument; 
countervailing allegation or evidence. 

RE-CAL-CI-TRITION, n. A kicking back.— Walter Scott. 

RE-CALL', v. t. [re and call] 1. To call back ; to take back. 
2. To revoke ; to annul by a subsequent act. 3. To call 
back ; to revive in memory. 4. To call back from a 
place or mission. 

RE-CALL', n. 1. A calling back ; revocation. 2. The power 
of calling back or revoking.— Dryden. 

RE-CALL'A-BLE, a. That may be recalled.— Madison. 

RE-€ALLjBD' (re-kawld), pp. Called back ; revoked. 

RE-CALL'ING,_p;w. Calling back; revoking. 

RE-CANT, v. t. [L. recanto.] To take back or contradict a 
former declaration.— Syn. To retract ; recall ; revoke ; 
abjure ; disown ; disavow. 

RE-CANT, v. i. To recall words ; to revoke a declaration 
or proposition ; to unsay what has been said ; to retract. 

RE-€AN-Ta'TION, n. The act of recalling ; retraction ; a 
declaration that contradicts a former one. — Sidney. 

RE-CANTED, pp. Recalled; retracted. 

RE-CANTER, n. One who recants.— Shak. 

RE-CANTING, ppr. Recalling; retracting. 

RE-CA-PAC'I-TITE, v. t. [re and capacitate.] To qualify 
again ; to confer capacity on again. — Atterbury. 

RE-CA-PAC'I-TI-TED, pp. Capacitated again. 

RE-CA-PAC'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Conferring capacity again. 

RE-€A-PITU-LaTE, v. t. [Fr. recapituler.] To go over the 
principal things mentioned in a preceding discourse, argu- 
ment, or essay ; to give a summary of the principal facts, 
points, or arguments. — Syn. To reiterate ; repeat ; re- 
hearse ; recite. 

RE-CA-PITU-LI-TED, pp. Repeated in a summary. 

RE-CA-PIT'U-L a-TING, ppr. Repeating the principal things 
in a discourse or argument. 

SJE-CA-PIT-U-La/TION. n. 1. The act of recapitulating. 2. 
A summary or concise statement or enumeration of the 
principal points or facts in a preceding discourse, argu- 
ment or essay. 

RE-CA-PITU-LA-TO-RY, a. Repeating again ; containing 
recapitulation. — Garretson. 

RE-CAPTION (re-kap'shun), n. [L. re and captio.] The 
act of retaking ; reprisal ; the retaking of one's own goods, 
chattels, wife, or children, without force or violence, from 
one who has taken them and wrongfully detains them. — 
Blackstone. 

RE-CAPTOR, n, [re and captor.] One who retakes ; one 
who takes a prize which had been previously taken. 

RE-CAPTURE, n. [re and capture.] 1. The act of retaking ; 
particularly, the retaking of a prize or goods from a cap- 
tor. 2. A prize retaken. 



RE-CAPTURE, r. t. To retake ; particularly, to retake n 
prize which had been previously taken. 

RE-CAPTURSD, pp. or a. Retaken. 

RE-CAPTUR-ING, ppr. Retaking, as a prize from the captor. 

RE-CaR'NIFy, v. t. [re and carnify.] To convert again into 
flesh. — Howell. [Not much used.] 

RE-€AR'Rl£D, pp. Carried back or again. 

RE-CAR'RY, v. t. [re and carry.] To carry back.— Walton. 

RE-CAR'RY-ING, ppr. Carrying back. 

RE-€aST, v. t. [re and cast.] 1. To cast again. 2. To 
throw again. 3. To mold anew. 4. To complete a sec- 
ond time. 

RE-CAST, pp. Cast again ; molded anew. 

RE-CASTING, ppr. Casting again ; molding anew. 

RE-CEDE', v. i. [L. recedo.] 1. To go or move back. 2. 
To take back a claim or pretension ; to relinquish what 
had been proposed or asserted. — Syn. To retire ; retreat , 
return ; retrograde ; withdraw ; desist. 

RE-CeDE,' v. t. [re and cede.] To cede back; to grant or 
yield to a former possessor. 

RE-CeD'ED, pp. Ceded back ; regranted. 

RE-CED'ING,/?pr. or a. 1. Withdrawing; retreating; mov- 
ing back. 2. Ceding back ; regranting. 

RE-CeIPT (re-seef), n. [It. ricetta; L. receptus.] 1. The act 
of receiving. 2. The place of receiving. 3. Reception. 4. 
Reception ; welcome ; [obs.] 5. Recipe ; prescription of 
ingredients for any composition, as of medicines, <fcc. — 
Dryden. 6. A writing acknowledging the taking of money 
or goods. 

RE-CeIPT (re-seef), v. t. To give a receipt for.— In law, a 
person is said to receipt property which has been levied 
upon by the sheriff, when he takes it into possession giv- 
ing the sheriff his receipt or obligation to return it when- 
ever called for. 

RE-CeIPTOR, n. In law, one who receipts property which 
has been taken by the sheriff. See above. 

RE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That may be received. 

RE-CEIV'A-BLE-NESS, > „ ,-v^, eu • ■ * 

RE-CeIV-A-BIL'I-TY S n ' Ca P abuit y of bein S received. 

RE-CeIVE' (re-seev'), v. t. [Fr. recevoir ; It. ricevere.] 1. To 
take, as a thing offered or sent ; to accept. 2. To take as 
due or as a reward. 3. To take or obtain from another 
in any manner, and either good or evil. 4. To take, as a 
thing communicated. 5. To take or obtain intellectually. 

6. To embrace. 7. To allow; to hold; to retain. 8. To 
admit. 9. To welcome ; to lodge and entertain, as a guest. 
10. To admit into membership or fellowship. 11. To take 
in or on ; to hold ; to contain. 12. To be endowed with. 
13. To take into a place or state. 14. To take or have, as 
something described. 15. To bear with or suffer. — 2 Cor., 
xi. 16. To believe in. — John, i. 17. To accept or admit 
officially, or in an official character. 18. To take stolen 
goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen. 

RE-CeIVjBD' (re-seevd'), pp. or a. Taken ; accepted ; admit- 
ted; embraced; entertained; believed. 

RE-CeIV'ED-NESS, n. General allowance or belief. 

RE-CeIV'ER, n. 1. One who takes or receives in any man- 
ner ; a recipient. 2. A person appointed, ordinarily by a 
court of chancery, to receive and hold in trust money or 
other property. 3. One who takes stolen goods from a 
thief, knowing them to be stolen, and incurs the guilt ot 
partaking in the crime. — 4. In distillation, a vessel for re- 
ceiving and condensing the product of distillation. — 5. In 
pneumatic chemistry, a vessel for receiving and containing 
gases. — 6. In natural philosophy, a vessel employed on the 
plate of the air-pump for producing a vacuum. — Olmsted. 

7. One who partakes of the sacrament. 
RE-CeIV'ING. ppr. Taking; accepting; admitting; em- 
bracing; believing; entertaining. 

RE-CeIV'ING, n. The act of receiving ; that which is re- 
cgIvgcI* 

RE-CEL'E-BRaTE, v. t. [re and celebrate.] To celebrate 
again.— Ben Jonson. 

RE-CEL'E-BRa-TED, pp. Celebrated anew. 

RE-CEL'E-BRa-TING, ppr. Celebrating anew. 

RE-CEL-E-BRaTION, n. A renewed celebration. 

RE'CEN-CY, n. [L. recens.] 1. Newness ; new state ; late 
origin. 2. Lateness in time : freshness. 

RE-CENSE' (re-sens'), v. t. [L. recenseo.] To review; to 
revise. 

RE-CEN'SION (-sen'shun), ?i. [L. recensio.] Review; ex- 
amination ; enumeration. — Evelyn. 

RE'CENT, a. [L. recens.] 1. New ; being of late origin or 
existence. 2. Late ; modern. 3. Fresh ; lately received. 
4. Late ; of late occurrence : as, a recent event or trans- 
action. 5. Fresh ; not long dismissed, released, or parted 
from.— 6. In geology, of a date subsequent to the creation 
of man ; as recent period ; recent shells. — Lyell. 

RE'CENT-LY, adv. Newly ; lately ; freshly ; not long since 

Re'CENT-NESS, n. Newness ; freshness ; lateness of ori- 
gin or occurrence. 

* RE-CEPTA-CLE (-sep'ta-kl), n. [L. receptaculum.] 1. A 
place or vessel into which something is received or in 



D6Vi: ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6, as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, * Obsolete 



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822 



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which it is contained, as a vat, a tun, a hollow in the earth, 
<fcc. — 2. In botany, one of the parts of fructification ; the 
hase on which the other parts of the fructification stand. 

REC-EP TACU-LAR, a. Jn botany, pertaining to the recep- 
tacle, or growing on it, as the nectary. 

REC'EP-TA-RY, n. Thing received.— Brown. 

RE-CEP TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of receiving or of 
being received. — GlanvUle. 

RE-CEP'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. receptio.] 1. The act of receiving. 
2. The state of being received. 3. Admission of any thing 
sent or communicated. 4. Readmission. 5. Admission of 
entrance for holding or containing. 6. A receiving or man- 
ner of receiving for entertainment ; entertainment. 7. A 
receiving officially. 8. Opinion generally admitted ; [obs.\ 

9. Recovery ; [obs.] 

RE-CEP'TlVE, a. Having the quality of receiving or ad- 
mitting what is communicated. — GlanvUle. 

RE-CEP-TIV'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being recep- 
tive. — Fotherby. 

*tRE-CEPTO-RY, a. Generally or popularly admitted or 
received. — Brown. 

RE-CESS', n. [L. recessus.) 1. A withdrawing or retiring ; 
a moving back. 2. A withdrawing from public business 
or notice; retreat; retirement. 3. Departure. 4. Part of 
a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove, 
niche, &c. 5. Place of retirement or secrecy ; private 
abode. 6. State of retirement. 7. Remission or suspen- 
sion of business or procedure. 8. Privacy ; seclusion from 
the world or from company. 9. Secret or abstruse part. 

10. A withdrawing from any point ; removal to a dis- 
tance. 11. The retiring of the shore of the sea or of a 
lake from the general line of the shore, forming a bay. 
12. [Fr. recez.] A decree of the Imperial Diet of the Old 
German Empire. — Brande. 

RE-CES'SION (re-sesh'un), n. [L. recessio.] 1. The act of 
withdrawing, retiring, or retreating. 2. The act of reced- 
ing from a claim, or of relaxing a demand. 3. A cession 
or granting back. 

RE'CHAB-lTES, n. pi. Among the ancient Jews, the de- 
scendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, who abstained 
from all intoxicating drinks. The name has been assumed 
by some, in modern times, who adopt the principle of to- 
tal abstinence from alcoholic liquors. 

RE-CHaNGE', v. t. [Fr. rcchanger.] To change again. 

RE-CHIN6ED' (re-chanjd'), pp. Changed again. 

RE-CHaNGING, ppr. Changing again. 

RE-CHXRGE', v. t. [Fr. recharger.] 1. To charge or accuse 
in return. 2. To attack again ; to attack anew. 

RE-CHARGED' (re-charjd'), pp. Accused in return ; at- 
tacked anew. 

RE-CHARGING, ppr. Accusing in return ; attacking anew. 

RE-CHAR'TER, n. A second charter ; a renewal of a char- 
ter. — D. Webster. 

RE-CHAR'TER, v. t. To charter again ; to grant a second 
or another charter to. 

RE-CHARTER.ED, pp. Chartered a second time. 

RE-CHARTER-ING, ppr. Chartering a second time. 

RE-CHaS'TENjED (-chas'nd), a. Chastened again. 

RE-CHeAT, n. Among hunters, a lesson which the hunts- 
man winds on the horn when the hounds have lost the 
game, to call them back from pursuing a counter-scent. — 
Shak. _ 

RE-CHkAT, v. t. To blow the recheat— Drayton. 

RE-cHER'CHE (re-sha.r'sha), a. [Fr.] Literally, sought out 
with care ; hence, nice to an extreme ; unnatural. 

RE-CHOOSE' (re-chooz'), v. t. To choose a second time. 

RE-CHoS'JEN (re-choz'n), pp. or a. Re-elected ; chosen 
again. 

RE-CID-I-VA'TION, n. [L. recidivus.] A falling back; a 
backsliding. — Hammond. [Not much used.] 

\ REC-I-Di'VaTE, v. i. [L. recidivo.] To backslide ; to fall 
again. — Bp. Andrews. 

REC-1-Dl'VOUS, a. [L. recidivus.] Subject to backslide. 
{Little used.] 

REC'I-PE (res'e-pe), n. [L. imperative of recipio.] 1. A med- 
ical prescription ; a direction of medicines to be taken. — 2. 
Popularly, a receipt for almost any mixture. 

RE-CIP'I-EN-C Y, n. A receiving ; the state of one who re- 
ceives. 

R,E-CIP'I-ENT, n. [L. recipiens.] 1. A receiver ; the person 
or thing that receives; he or that to which anything is 
communicated. 2. The receiver of a still. 

RE-CIP'RO-€AL, a. [L. reciprocus ; Sp., It. receproco ; Fr. 
reciproque.] 1. Acting in vicissitude or return ; alternate. 
2. Mutual ; done by each to the other. 3. Mutually inter- 
changeable. — Reciprocal quantities. See Reciprocal, n. 
— Reciprocal proportion is when, of four quantities taken 
in order, the first has to the second the same ratio as the 
fourth to the third, or as the reciprocal of the third to the 
reciprocal of the fourth. — Reciprocal ratio, the ratio of the 
reciprocal of two quantities. 
RE-CIP'RO-GAL, n. The reciprocal of any quantity is the 
quotient arising from the division of a unit by that quantity. 



RE-CIP'RO-€AL-LY, adv. 1. Mutually ; interchangeably 
in such a manner that each affects the other and ia equal 
ly affected by it. 2. In the manner of reciprocals. 

RE-CIP'RO-€AL-NESS, } ,, ,, , t 

RE-CIP-RO-€AL'I-TY \ n ' Mutual return ! alternateness 

RE-CIP'RO-€aTE, v. i. [L. reciproco ; Fr. reciproquer.] To 
act interchangeably ; to alternate. — Drydcn. 

RE-CIP'RO-€XTE, v. t. To exchange ; to interchange ; tn 
give and return mutually. 

RE-CIP'RO-€A-TED, pp. Mutually given and returned ; in 
terchanged. 

RE-CIF'RO-CA-TING, ppr. or a. Interchanging ; each giv- 
ing or doing to the other the same thing. — Reciprocating 
motion, in mechanics, motion alternately backward and 
forward, or up and down, as of a piston-rod. 

RE-CIP-RO-€a'TION, n. [L. rcciprocatio.] 1. Interchange 
of acts ; a mutual giving and returning ; mutuality. 2 
Alternation. 3. Regular return or alternation of twa 
symptoms or diseases. 

REC-I-PROC'I-TY (res-e-pros'e-te), n, [Fr. reciprocite.] 1. 
Reciprocal obligation or right ; equal mutual rights or ben- 
efits to be yielded or enjoyed. 2. Mutual action and reac- 
tion. — Syn. Reciprocation ; interchange ; exchange ; mu • 
tuality. 

RE-Cl"SION (re-sizh'un), n. [L. recisio.] The act of cut- 
ting off. 

RE-ClTAL, n. 1. The repetition of the words of another 
or of a writing. 2. A telling of the particulars of an ad- 
venture or of a series of events. 3. Enumeration of par- 
ticulars ; as, the recitals of a law. Burke. — Syn. Rehears- 
al ; recitation ; narration ; description ; explanation ; ac- 
count ; detail ; narrative. 

REC-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. recitatio.] 1. Rehearsal ; repetition 
of words. Temple. — 2. The delivery before an audience 
of the compositions of others, committed to memory. — 3. 
In American colleges and schools, the rehearsal of a lesson 
by pupils before their instructor. 

REC-I-TA-TiVE', a. [Fr. recitatif ; It. recitativo.] Reciting; 
rehearsing ; pertaining to musical pronunciation.— Dryden. 

REC-I-TA-TlVE', n. 1. In music, a species of singing which 
approaches toward ordinary speaking ; language delivered 
in musical tones, i. e., in the sounds of the musical scale. — 
Brande. — P. Cyc. 2. A piece of music in recitative. 

REC-I-TA-TlVE'LY, adv. In the manner of recitative. 

RE-ClTE', v. t. [L. reciio.] 1. To repeat the words of an 
other or of a writing. — 2. In writing, to copy. 3. To tel 
over, as occurrences or particulars. 4. To go over or re- 
peat, as a lesson to an instructor ; [America.] 5. To enu 
merate or go over in particulars. — Syn. To rehearse ; nar- 
rate ; relate ; describe ; recapitulate ; detail ; number 
count. 

RE-ClTE', v. i. 1. To pronounce before an audience the 
compositions of others, committed to memory. 2. To re- 
hearse a lesson. [American seminaries.] 

\ RE-ClTE', for recital. 

RE-ClT'ED, pp. Rehearsed ; told ; repeated ; narrated. 

PlE-CiT'ER, n. One who recites or rehearses ; a narrator. 

RE-ClTLNG, ppr. E.ehearsing ; telling ; repeating ; nar- 
rating. 

t RECK, v. i. [Sax. recan, reccan.] To care ; to mind ; to 

• rate at much.— Milton. 

RECK, v. t. To heed; to regard; to care for. — Sidney. 
[Obsolete, unless in poetry.] 

RECK'LESS, a. Having no care or concern ; without heed 
or regard. — Syn. Heedless ; careless ; mindless ; thought- 
less ; negligent ; indifferent ; regardless ; unconcerned ; 
inattentive ; remiss. 

RECK'LESS-LY, adv. Heedlessly ; carelessly. 

RECK'LESS-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; carelessness ; negli 
gence. — Sidney. 

RECK' ON (rek'n), v. t. [Sax. recan, reccan ; D. reckenen , 
G. rechnen.] 1. To count, that is, to tell over by particu- 
lars ; as, to reckon money. 2. To form an estimate or 
judgment. — Rom., viii. 3. To set in the number or rank 
of. 4. To make an account or reckoning of. — Syn. To 
number ; enumerate ; compute ; calculate ; estimate , 
value ; esteem ; account ; repute. 

RECK' ON, v. i. 1. To reason with one's self and conclude 
from arguments. 2. To charge to account: with on. 3. 
To pay a penalty; to be answerable. 4. To believe or 
suppose ; as, I reckon he has arrived. [In this last sense 
the word is provincial in England, and is used to an ex 
cess in the middle and southern parts of the United States, 
corresponding to that of guess in the northern. — Ed.] — 
To reckon with. 1. To state an account with another, and 
compare it with his account. 2. To call to punishment 
— To reckon on or vpon, to lay stress or dependence on. 

RECK'ON.ED {rek'nA), pp. Counted ; numbered ; esteemed - 
reputed; computed ; set or assigned to in account. 

RECK'ON-ER (rek'n-er), n. One who reckons or computes 

RECK'ON-ING (rek'n-ing), ppr. Counting ; computing ; es 
teeming ; reputing ; stating an account mutually. 

RE€K'ON-ING, n. 1. The act of counting or computing. 2 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I. &o. long -X, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



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823 



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An account of time. 3. A statement of accounts with an- 
other ; a statement and comparison of accounts mutually 
for adjustment 4. The sum of money charged by a host. 
5. Account taken. 6. Esteem; account of.— 7. In naviga- 
tion, an account of the ship's course and distance calcula- 
ted from the log board, without the aid of celestial observa- 
tion, usually styled dead reckoning. — Syn. Calculation; 
computation ; estimation ; estimate ; charge ; bill. 
RE€K'OX-ING-BOOK, n. A book in which money received 

and expended is entered. — Johnson. 
RE-CLIIM', v. t. [Fr. reclamer ; L. reclamo.] I. To claim 
back ; to demand to have returned. 2. To call back from 
error, wandering, or transgression, to the observance of 
moral rectitude ; to bring back to correct deportment or 
course of life. 3. To reduce to the state desired. 4. To 
call back ; to restrain. 5. To recall ; to cry out against ; 
[unusual.] 6. To reduce from a wild to a tame or do- 
mestic state ; to tame ; to make gentle. 7. To reduce to 
a state fit for cultivation ; [applied to lands submerged by 
mater.] 8. To demand or challenge ; to make a claim ; [a 
French use.] — 9. In ancient customs, to pursue and recall, 
as a vassa.. 10. To encroach on what has been taken 
from one ; to attempt to recover possession. — Syn. To 
reform ; recover ; restore ; amend ; correct. 
RE-€LaIM', v. i. To cry out; to exclaim. — Pope. 
f RE-CLaIM', n. 1. Reformation.— Hales. 2. Recovery.— 

Spenser. 
RE-€LaIM'A-BLE, a. That may be reclaimed, reformed, 

or tamed. 
RE-€LaIM'ANT, n. One who opposes, contradicts, or re- 
monstrates against. — Waterland. 
RE-CL AIMED' (re-klamd'), pp. Recalled from a vicious 

life ; reformed ; tamed ; domesticated ; recovered. 
RE-€L AIMING, ppr. Recalling to a regular course of life ; 

reforming ; recovering ; taking ; demanding. 
\ RE-CLaIM'LESS. a. Not to be reclaimed.— Zee. 
REC-LA-MaTION, n. 1. Recovery. 2. Demand ; chal- 
lenge of something to be restored ; claim made. 
R.ECLI-NATE, a. [L. reclinatus.] In botany, reclined, as a 
leaf; bent downward so that the point of the leaf is lower 
than the base. 
REC-LI-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of leaning or reclining.— 
2. In dialing, the angle which the plane of the dial makes 
with a vertical plane, which it intersects in a horizontal 
line. — Brande. 
RE-CLINE', v. t. [L. reclino.] To lean back ; to lean to one 

side or sidewise. 
RE-CLINE', v. i. To lean ; to rest or repose ; as, to recline 

on a couch. 
RE-€LlNE\ a. [L. reclinis.] Leaning ; being in a leaning 

posture. — Milton. [Little used.] 
RE-€LlNED' (re-kllnd'), pp. Inclined back or sidewise. 
RE-€LlN'ING, ppr. Leaning back or sidewise ; resting ; 

lying._ 
RE-CL 5SE' (re-kloze'), v. t. [re and close.] To close or shut 

again. — Pope. 
RE-CL5SED' (re-klozd'), pp. Closed again. 
RE-CL 5STNG, ppr. Closing again. 
RE-€LuDE', v. t. [L. recludo.] To open. [Little used.] 
RE-€LuSE', a. [Fr. rectus ; L. reclusus.] Shut up ; seques- 
tered ; retired from the world or from public notice ; sol- 
itary^ 
RE-CLfJ'SE', n. 1. A person who lives in retirement or se- 
clusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or 
monk. 2. One of a class of religious devotees who live in 
single cells, usually attached to monasteries. 
\ RE-CLuSE', v. t. To shut up.— Donne. 
RE-CLuSE'LY, adv. In retirement or seclusion from so- 

ciety._ 
RE-CLuSE'NESS, n. Retirement ; seclusion from society. 
RE-CLu'SION (re-klu'zhun), n. A state of retirement from 

the world ; seclusion. 
RE-€Lu'SlVE, a. Aftbrding retirement from society. 
RE-CO- AG-U-L.ITION, n. A second coagulation. 
RE-€o AST', v. t. To return along the same~coast — Chandler. 
RE-€oASTED. pp. Returned along the same coast. 
RE-C5ASTTNG, ppr. Coasting again or back. 
*RE-€OCT', a. [L. recoctus.] New-vamped.— Taylor. 
RE-COCTION, n. A second coction or preparation. 
RE€-OG-Nl"TION (rek-og-nish'un), n. [L. recognitio.] 1. 
Acknowledgment ; formal avowal. 2. Acknowledgment ; 
memorial. 3. Acknowledgment ; solemn avowal by which 
a thing is owned or declared to belong to, or by which the 
remembrance of it is revived. 4. Knowledge confessed 
or avowed. 

RE-COG'NI-TOR, n. One of a jury upon assize.— Black- 
stone. 
RE-COCNI-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to or connected with rec- 
ognition. — C. Lamb. 
" RE-COGTSJI-ZA-BLE (re-kog'ne-za-bl or re-kon'e-za-bl), a. 
That may be recognized, known, or acknowledged.— Ori- 
ent. Collecrims. 
* RE-€OG'NI-ZANCE (re-kog'ne-zan3 or re-kon'e-zans), n. 



[Fr. reconnoisance. Among lawyers, the g in this and the 
cognate words is usually silent] 1. Acknowledgment of a 
person or thing ; avowal ; profession.— 2. In law, an obli- 
gation of record which a man enters into before some 
court of record or magistrate duly authorized, with con- 
dition to do some particular act, as to appear at the as- 
sizes, to keep the peace, or pay a debt. 3. The verdict of 
a jury impanneled upon assize. 

* REC'OG-NiZE (rek'og-nlze or rek'o-nize), v. t. [It. rico- 

noscere; Sp. reconocer ; Fr. reconnoitre: L. recognosco.] 
1. To recollect or recover the knowledge of, either with 
an open avowal of that knowledge or not. We recognize 
a person at a distance, when we recollect that we have 
seen him before, or that we have formerly known him. 
We recognize his features or his voice. 2. To admit with 
a formal acknowledgment; as, to recognize an obligation ; 
to recognize a consul. 3. To review ; to re-examine. South 
— Syn. To acknowledge ; avow ; confess ; own ; allow . 
concede. 

* RECOGNIZE, v. i. To enter an obligation of record be- 
fore a propter tribunal. 

* REC'OG-NlZED, pp. Acknowledged ; recollected as 
known ; bound by recognizance. 

* RE-COG-NI-ZEE' (re-kog-ne-zee' or re-kon-c-zee'), n. The 

person to whom a recognizance is made. — Blackstone. 

* REC'OG-NlZ-ING, ppr. Acknowledging ; recollecting aa 

known ; entering a recognizance. 

* RE-COG-NI-ZOR (re-kog-ne-zor' or re-kon-e-zor'), n. One 

who enters into a recognizance. — Blackstone. 
RE-COIL', v. i. [Fr. reculer ; It. rinculare ; Sp. recular.] 1. 

To move or start back ; to roll back. 2. To fall back ; to 

retire ; to retreat. 3. To rebound. 4. To retire ; to flow 

back. 5. To start back ; to shrink ; as, nature recoils at 

the bloody deed. 6. To return. 
t RE-COIL', v. t. To drive back. — Spenser. 
RE-COIL', n. 1. A starting or falling back. 2. The rear, 

tion or resilience of fire-arms when discharged. 
RE-€OIL'ER n. One who falls back from his promise or 

profession ; a revolter. 
RE-€OIL'ING, ppr. Starting or falling back ; retiring ■, 

shrinking. 
RE-€OIL'ING, n. The act of starting or falling back , a 

shrinking ; revolt. — South. 
RE-€OIL'lNG-LY, adv. With starting back or retrocession 
RE-€OIL'MENT, n. The act of recoiling. 
RE-COIN', v. t. [re and coin.] To coin anew. 
RE-€OIN'AgE, n. 1. The act of coining anew. 2. The! 

which is coined anew. 
RE-COINED' (re-koind'), pp. Coined anew. 
RE-€OIN'ING, ppr. Coming anew. 
REC-OL-LECT, v. t. [re and collect ; L. recoUigo, recollectus.\ 

1. To collect again ; to recover or call back ideas to the 
memory. 2. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to 
bring back to the mind or memory ; to recognize ; to re- 
member. 3. To recover resolution or composure of mind. 

RE-COL-LECT, v. t. To gather again ; to collect what 
has been scattered. 

REC'OL-LECT, n. See Recollet. 

REC-OL-LECT'ED, pp. Recalled to the memory. 

REC-OL-LECTING. ppr. Recalling to the memory. 

REC-OL-LEC'TION, n. 1. The act of recalling to the mem 
ory, as ideas that have escaped ; or the operation by which 
ideas are recalled to the memory or revived in the mind. 

2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period 
within which things can be recollected. — Syn. Reminis- 
cence ; remembrance ; memory. 

REC-OL-LECTTVE, a. Having the power of recollecting. 

REC'OL-LET, n. [Sp., Port, recoleto.] A monk of a reformed 
order of Franciscans. 

RE-€OL-0-NI-ZI'TION, n. A second colonization.— E. Ev- 
erett. 

RE-COL'O-NiZE, v. t. To colonize a second time. 

RE-COL'O-NlZ-ING, ppr. Colonizing a second time. 

RE-COM-BI-Na'TION, n. Combination a second time. 

RE-COM-BINE'. v. t. [re and combine.] To combine again. 

RE-COM-BINED' (re-kom-blndO, pp. Combined anew. 

RE-€OM-BlN'ING, ppr. Combining again. 

RE-€6M'FORT (-kum'furt), v. t. [re and comfort.] 1. To 
comfort again ; to console anew. 2. To give new strength. 

RE-C6MTORT-ED, pp. Comforted again. 

RE-C6MTORT-ING, ppr. Comforting again. 

t RE-C6M'FORT-LESS, a. Without comfort. — Spenser. 

RE-COM-MENCE' (re-kom-mens'), v. t. [re and commence.] 
To commence again ; to begin anew. 

RE-COM-MENCED' (-kom-menst'), pp. Commenced anew 

RE-COM-MENCE'MENT, n. A commencement anew. 

RE-COM-MENC'ING, ppr. Beginning again. 

REC-OM-MEND', v. t. [re and commend; Fr. recommander.] 
1. To praise to another ; to offer or commend to another's 
notice, confidence, or kindness by favorable representa- 
tions. 2. To make acceptable. 3. To commit with prayers. 

REC-OM-MEND'A-BLE. a. That may be recommended , 
worthy of recommendation or praise. — Glanville. 



■X>VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



REC 



824 



REC 



REC-OM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of being rec- 
ommendable. 

RE€-OM-MEND'A-BLY, adv. So as to deserve commen- 
dation. 

REC-OM-MEND-A'TION, n. 1. The act of recommending 
or of commending ; the act of representing in a favorable 
manner for the purpose of procuring the notice, confi- 
dence, or civilities of another. 2. That which procures a 
kind or favorable reception. 

REC-OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. That commends to another ; 
that recommends. — Swift. 

RE€-OM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised ; commended to another. 

RE€-OM-MEND'ER, n. One who commends. 

REC-OM-MENDTNG, ppr. Praising to another ; commend- 
ing. 

RE-€OM-MIS'SION (-kom-mish'un), v. t. [re and commis- 
sion.'] To commission again. — Marshall. 

RE-COM-MIS'SIONJSD, pp. Commissioned again. 

RE-€OM-MIS'SION-ING, ppr. Commissioning again. 

RE-COM-MIT, v. t. [re and commit.] 1. To commit again. 
2. To refer again to a committee. 

RE-COM-MIT'MENT, ) n. A second or renewed commit- 

RE-COM-MITTAL, > ment ; a renewed reference to a 
committee. 

RE-COM-MITTED, pp. Committed anew ; referred again. 

RE-COM-MITTING, ppr. Committing again ; referring 
again to a committee. 

RE-€OM-Mu'NI-€aTE, v. i. [re and communicate.] To com- 
municate again. 

RE-COM-PACT', v. t. [re and compact.] To join anew. 

RE-COM-P ACTED, pp. Joined anew. 

RE-COM-P ACTING, ppr. Joining anew. 

tRE-COM-PEN-SI'TION, n. Recompense. 

REC'OM-PENSE, v. t. [Fr. recompenses] 1. To make return 
of an equivalent for any thing given, done, or suffered. 2. 
To return an equivalent ; [in a bad sense.] 3. To make 
an equivalent return in profit or produce. 4. To make 
amends by any thing equivalent. 5. To make restitution 
or„an equivalent return for. Num., v. — Syn. To repay ; 
requite ; compensate ; reward ; remunerate. 

REC'OM-PENSE, n. 1. An equivalent returned for any 
thing given, done, or suffered. 2. Return of evil or suffer- 
ing, or other equivalent, as a punishment. — Syn. Repay- 
ment ; compensation ; remuneration ; amends ; satisfac- 
tion ; reward ; requital. 

RECOM-PENS.ED (-penst), pp. Rewarded ; requited. 

REC'OM-PENS-ING, ppr. Rewarding ; compensating ; re- 
quiting. 

RE-COM-PlLE'MENT, n. [re and compilement.] New com- 
pilation or digest. — Bacon. 

RE-COM-PoSE', v. t. [re and compose.] 1. To quiet anew ; 
to compose or tranquilize that which is ruffled or disturb- 
ed. 2. To compose anew ; to form or adjust again. 

RE-COM-PoSSD' (re-kom-pozd'), pp. Quieted again after 
agitation ;_ formed anew ; composed a second time. 

RE-€OM-PoS'ING, ppr. Rendering tranquil after agitation ; 
forming or adjusting anew. 

RE-€OM-PO-SI"TION (-zish'un), n. Composition renewed. 

REC-ON-ClLA-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being reconciled ; 
capable of renewed friendship. 2. That may be made to 
agree or be consistent ; consistent. 3. Capable of being 
adjusted. 

UEC-ON-CIL'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being rec- 
oncilable ; consistency. 2. Possibility of being restored to 
friendship and harmony. 

REC-ON-ClL'A-BLY, adv. In a reconcilable manner. 

RE€-ON-ClLE', v. t. [Fr. reconcilier ; L. reconcilio.] 1. To 
call back into union and friendship the affections which 
have been alienated ; to restore to friendship or favor 
after estrangement. 2. To bring to acquiescence, content, 
or quiet submission. 3. To make consistent or congruous ; 
to bring to agreement or suitableness. 4. To adjust ; to 
settle ; to compose, as differences. — Syn. To reunite ; 
conciliate ;_ propitiate ; pacify ; appease. 

f REC-ON-ClLE', v. i. To become reconciled. — Archbishop 
Sancroft. 

REC-ON-ClLED' (rek-on-sild'), pp. or a. Brought into 
friendship from a state of disagreement or enmity ; made 
consistent ; adjusted. 

&E€-ON-ClLE'MENT, n. 1. Reconciliation; renewal of 
friendship. 2. Friendship renewed. — Milton. 

RE€-ON-ClL'ER, n. 1. One who reconciles ; one who 
brings parties at variance into renewed friendship. 2. 
One who discovers the consistence of propositions. 

REC-ON-CIL-I-I'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reconciliation 1. The 
act of reconciling parties at variance ; renewal of friend- 
ship after disagreement or enmity. — 2. In Scripture, the 
means by which sinners are reconciled and brought into 
a state of favor with God, after natural estrangement or 
enmity. 3. Agreement of things seemingly opposite, dif- 
ferent, or inconsistent. — Syn. Reconcilement; reunion; 
pacification ; appeasement ; propitiation ; atonement ; ex- 
piation. 



REC-ON-CIL I-A-TO-RY, a. Able or tending to reconcile 

— Hall. 
RE€-ON-ClLTNG, ppr. Bringing into favor and friendship 

after variance ; bringing to content or satisfaction ; show 

ing to be consistent ; adjusting ; making to agree. 
RE-CON-DEN-Sa'TION, n. The act of recondensing. 
RE-CON-DENSE' (re-kon-dens'), v. t. [re and condense.] lo 

condense again. — Boyle. 
RE-€ON-DENSjBD' (re-kon-denstf), pp. Condensed anew. 
RE-€ON-DE_NS'ING,£pr. Condensing again. 

* REC'ON-DlTE, a. [L. reconditus.] 1. Secret ; hidden from 
the view or intellect ; abstruse. 2. Profound ; dealing in 
things abstruse. 

RE-€ON'DI-TO-RY, n. A repository ; a store-house or mag 
azine. — Ash. [Little used.] 

RE-CON-DUCT, v. t. [re and conduct.] To conduct back or 
again. — Dryden. 

RE-CON-DUCT'ED, pp. Conducted back or again. 

RE-CON-D UCTING, ppr. Conducting back or again. 

RE-€ON-FiRM', v. t. [re and confirm.] To confirm anew 

RE-CON-F1RM.ED', pp. Confirmed anew. 

RE-CON-JOIN', v. t. [re and conjoin.] To join or conjoin 
anew. — Boyle. 

RE-CON-JOIN.ED' (re-kon-joind 7 ), pp. Joined again. 

RE-CON-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining anew. 

R E-GON'NOIS-SaNCE, n. [Fr.] The examination of a tract 
of country, either in the operations of war, or with a view 
to the construction of a rail-road, canal, &c— P. Cyc. 

RE-€ON-NOI'TER, \v. t. [Fr. reconnoitre.] To view; to 

RE-CON-NOI'TRE, \ survey ; to examine by the eye ; 
particularly, in military affairs, to examine the state of an 
enemy's army or camp, or the ground for military oper- 
ations. 

RE-CON-NOFTER.ED, > pp. Viewed ; examined by person 

RE-CON-NOI'TRED, $ al observation. 

RE-CON-NOI'TER-ING, \ppr. Viewing; examining by per- 

RE-CON-NOI'TRING, j sonal observation. 

RE-€ON'QUER (re-konk'er), v. t. [re and conquer; Fr.re- 
conquerir.] 1. To conquer again ; to recover by conquest 
— Davies. 2. To recover ; to regain : [a French use.) 

RE-CONQUER.ED, pp. Conquered again ; regained. 

RE-€ON'QUER-ING, ppr. Conquering again ; recovering 

RE-€ON'QUEST, n. A second conquest. 

RE-€ON'SE-€RaTE, v. t. [re and consecrate.] To conse- 
crate anew. 

RE-€ON'SE-€RI-TED, pp. Consecrated again. 

RE-€ON'SE-€Ra-TING, ppr. Consecrating again. 

RE-€ON-SE-€Ra'TION, n. A renewed consecration. 

RE-€ON-SID'ER, v. t. [re and consider.] 1. -To considei 
again ; to turn in the mind again ; to review or re-exam- 
ine.— 2. In deliberative assemblies, to take up for renewed 
consideration that which has been previously acted upon, 
as a motion, vote, &c. 

RE-€ON-SID-ER-I'TION, n. 1. A renewed consideration 
or review in the mind. — 2. In deliberative assemblies, the 
taking up for renewed consideration of that which has 
been previously acted upon. 

RE-CON-SID'ER-ED, pp. Considered again ; taken up for 
renewed consideration. 

RE-€ON-SID'ER-ING, ppr. Considering again ; taking up 
for renewed consideration. 

i R£-€ON'SO-LITE, v. t. To console or comfort again. 

RE-CON-STRUCT, v. t. To construct again ; to rebuild. 

RE-CON-STRUCTED, pp. Rebuilt. 

RE-CON-STRUC'TION, n. Act of constructing again. 

RE-CON-VeNE', v. t. [re and convene.] To convene or call 
together again. 

RE-CON- VINE', v. i. To assemble or come together again. 

RE-CON- VEN.ED' (re-kon-veend'), pp. Assembled anew. 

RE-CON- VeN'ING, ppr. Assembling anew. 

RE-€ON-VER'SION, n. [re and conversion.] A second con- 
version. — Weever. 

RE-CON- VERT, v. t. [re and convert.] To convert again. 

RE-CON- VERTED, pp. Converted again. 

RE-CON- VERTING, ppr. Converting again. 

RE-CON- VEY' (-kon-va/), v. t. [re and conveij.] 1. To con- 
vey back or to its former place. 2. To transfer back to a 
former owner ; as, to reconvey an estate. 

RE-CON- VE Y.ED' (re-kon-vade'), pp. Conveyed back ; trans- 
ferred to a former owner. 

RE-CON- VEYTNG (re-kon-va'ing), ppr. Conveying back ; 
transferring to a former owner. 

RE-CORD', v. t. [L. recordor.; Sp. recordar ; Fr. recorder.] 1. 
To register ; to enroll ; to write or enter in a book or on 
parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic or 
correct evidence of a thing, 2. To imprint deeply on the 
mind or memory. 3. To cause to be remembered. 4. To 
recite ; to repeat ; [obs.] 5. To call to mind ; [obs.] 

t RE-CORD', v. i. To sing or repeat a tune.— Shak. 

* RECORD, n. 1. A register ; an authentic or official copy 

of any writing, or account of any facts and proceedings, 
entered in a book for preservation ; or the book contain- 
ing such copy or account. 2. Authentic me moria l. 



See Swiopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, 1, Sec., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARZNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



REC 



825 



REC 



i REC-ORD-i'TION, n. [L. recordation Remembrance. 

RE-€ORD'ED, pp. or a. Registered ; officially entered in a 
book or on parchment ; imprinted on the memory. 

RE-CORD'ER, n. 1. A person whose official duty is to reg- 
ister writings or transactions ; one who enrolls or records. 
2. The chief judicial officer of some cities and boroughs ; 
so called because his court is a court of record. Brande. 
— 3. Formerly, a kind of flageolet or wind instrument. 

RE-€ORD'ER-SHIP, n. The office of a recorder. 

RE-€ORD'ING, ppr. Registering ; enrolling ; imprinting on 
the memory. 

RE-€ORD'ING, n. The act of placing on record ; a record. 

RE--GOUCH', v. i. [re and couch.] To retire again to a lodge, 
as lions. — Wotton. 

RE-COUNT, v. t. [Fr. reconter ; Sp.recontar; It.raccontare.] 
To go over in detail ; to mention by particulars. — Syn. 
To narrate ; relate ; repeat ; recite ; rehearse ; enumer- 
ate ; detail ; tell ; describe ; particularize. 

RE-COUNTED, pp. Related or told in detail ; recited. 

RE-COUNTING, ppr. Relating in a series ; narrating. 

RE-COUNTMENT, n. Relation in detail ; recital. [Little 
used. 1 

\ RE-GoURjED', for recovered or recured. — Spenser. 

RE-C5URSE', n. [Fr. recours; It. ricorso ; Sp. recurso ; L. 
recursus.] 1. Literally, a running back ; a return. 2. Re- 
turn ; new attack ; [obs.] 3. A going to with a request or 
application, as for aid or protection. 4. Application of 
efforts, art, or labor. 5. Access ; [little used.] 6. Frequent 
passage. — 7. Without recourse. When a person who in- 
dorses over to another a note, draft, &c. f adds the words 
without recourse, he is not liable, if the maker of the note, 
&c, should fail to pay. — Bouvier. 

t RE-C5URSE', v. i. To return.— Fox. 

\ RE-€oURSE'FUL, a. Moving alternately.— Drayton. 

RE--G6VER (re-kuv'er), v. t. [Fr. recouvrer ; It. ricoverare; 
L. recupero.] 1. To get or obtain that which was lost. 2. 
To restore from sickness. 3. To revive from apparent 
death. 4. To repair the loss of, or to repair an injury 
done by neglect. 5. To bring back to a former state by 
liberation from capture or possession. 6. To gain as a 
compensation ; to obtain in return for injury or debt. 7. 
To reach ; to come to.— Shak. 8. To obtain title to by 
judgment in a court of law. — Syn. To regain ; repossess ; 
resume ; retrieve ; recruit ; heal ; cure. 

&E-C6VER, v. i. 1. To regain health after sickness ; to 
grow well. 2. To regain a former state or condition after 
misfortune. 3. To obtain judgment in law ; to succeed 
in a lawsuit. 

RE-C6VER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-a-bl), a. 1. That may be re- 
gained or recovered. 2. That may be restored from 
sickness. 3. That may be brought back to a former con- 
dition. 4. That may be obtained from a debtor or pos- 



RE-C6VER.ED (-kuv'erd), pp. or a. Regained ; restored ; 

obtained by judicial decision. 
RE-C6V-ER-EE', n. In law, the tenant or person against 
whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery. 

RE-C6VER-ING, ppr. Regaining ; obtaining in return or 
by judgment in law ; regaining health. 

RE-C6V-ER-OR', n. In law, the demandant or person who 
obtains a judgment in his favor in common recovery. 

RE-€6V'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of regaining, retaking, or ob- 
taining possession of any thing lost. 2. Restoration from 
sickness or apparent death. 3. The capacity of being re- 
stored to health. 4. The obtaining of right to something 
by a verdict and judgment of court from an opposing party 
in a suit. — Common recovery, in law, a process in which, 
by means of a fictitious suit, entailments are barred, with 
all remainders and reversions expectant thereon. 

REC'RE-ANT, a. [Norm, recreant.] 1. Crying for mercy, 
as a combatant in the trial by battle ; yielding ; hence, 
cowardly ; mean-spirited. 2. Apostate ; false. 

REC'RE-ANT, n. One who yields in combat, and cries 
craven ; one who begs for mercy ; hence, a mean-spirited, 
cowardly wretch. 

REC'RE-AN-CY, n. A cowardly yielding; mean-spirited- 
ness. 

REC'RE-ITE, v. t. [L. recreo ; Fr. recreer ; It. ricreare ; Sp. 
recrear.] 1. To refresh after toil, as languid spirits or ex- 
hausted strength ; to afford pleasurable occupation in 
weariness. 2. To gratify ; to delight. 3. To relieve ; to 
revive. — Syn. To reanimate; enliven; cheer; amuse; 
divert , entertain. 

REC'RE-aTE, v. i. To take recreation. — Addison. 

RE-CRE-ITE', v. t. To create or form anew.- Marshall. 

REC'R E-a-TED, pp. Refreshed ; diverted ; amused ; grat- 
ified. 

RE-CRE-aT'ED, pp. Created or formed anew. 

REC'RE-A-TING, ppr. Refreshing after toil ; reanimating 
the spirits or strength ; diverting ; amusing. 

RE-CRE-IT'ING, ppr. Creating or forming anew. 

REC-RE-a'TION, n. 1. Refreshment of the strength and 
spirits after toil. 2. Relief from toil or pain ; pleasurable 



occupation in sorrow or distress. Sidney. — Syn. Amuse- 
ment ; diversion ; entertainment ; pastime ; sport. 

RE-CRE-X'TION, n. A forming anew. 

REC'RE-A-TIVE, a. Refreshing ; giving new vigor or an- 
imation ; giving relief after labor or pain ; amusing ; di- 
verting. 

REC'RE-1-TiVE-LY, adv. With recreation or diversion. 

REC'RE-a-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being refreshing 
or diverting. 

REC'RE-MENT, n. [L. recrementum.] Superfluous matter 
separated from that which is useful ; dross ; scoria ; 
spume. 

REC-RE-MENTAL, ) a. Drossy ; consisting 

RE€-RE-MEN-Tl"TIAL (-tish'al), > of superfluous mat- 

REC-RE-MEN-Tl"TIOUS (-tish'us), ) ter separated from 
that which is valuable. 

RE-CRIM'1N-aTE, v. i. [Fr. recriminer.] 1. To return one 
accusation with another. 2. To charge an accuser with 
the like crime. 

RE-CRIM'IN-aTE, v. t. To accuse in return.— South. 

RE-CRIM'IN-a-TING, ppr. Returning one accusation with 
another. 

RE-CRIM-IN-I'TION, n. 1. The return of one accusation 
with another. — 2. In law, an accusation brought by the 
accused against the accuser upon the same fact. 

RE-GRIM'IN-A-TIVE, 1 „ . ,, .. D , 

RE-CRIM'IN-A-TO-RY, \ a Retorting accusation.-Rurfcr. 

RE-CRIM'IN-A-TOR, n. He who retorts an accusation. 

RE-CROSS,' v. t. To cross a second time. — Washington. 

RE-€ROSSjBD' (re-krost), pp. Crossed a second time 

RE-CROSSTNG, ppr. Crossing a second time. 

RE-CRu'DEN-CY, n. See Recrudescency. 

RE-€RU-DES'CENCE, \n. [L.recrudesccns.] The state of 

RE-€RU-DES'CEN-CY, 5 becoming sore again.— Bacon. 

RECRU-DES'CENT, a. Growing raw, sore, or painful 
again. 

RE^CRuIT (re-krute'), v.1. [Fr. recruter ; It. reclutare ; Sp 
reclutar.] 1. To make up by fresh supplies for any thing 
wasted. 2. To supply with new men any deficiency of 
troops. — Syn. To repair ; recover ; regain ; retrieve. 

RE-CRuIT (re-krute'), v. i. 1. To gain new supplies of any 
thing wasted ; to gain flesh, health, spirits, &c. 2. To gain 
new supplies of men ; to raise new soldiers. 

RE-€RuIT (re-krute'), n. The supply of any thing wasted ; 
chiefly, a new-raised soldier to supply the deficiency of 
an army. 

RE-€RuIT'ED, pp. or a. Furnished with new supplies of 
what is wasted. 

RE-CRuITER, n. One who recruits ; one who supplies a 
company with new members. 

RE-CRuIT'ING, ppr. or a. Furnishing with fresh supplies , 
raising new soldiers for an army. 

RE-€RuITING, n. The business of raising new soldiers to 
supply the loss of men in an army. 

RE-CRuIT'MENT, n. The act or business of raising new 
supplies of men for an army. — Walsh. 

RE-€RYS'TAL-LiZE, v. i. To crystallize a second time. 

RE€T'AN"GLE (rekf ang-gl), n. [Fr. rectangulus.] A right 
angled parallelogram. — The term rectangle, in geometry 
corresponds to product in arithmetic. — A. D. Stanley. 

RECT'AN"GLjED, a. Having one or more right angles, or 
angles of ninety degrees. — Button. 

RECT-AN"GU-LAR (rekt-ang'gu-lar), a. Right-angled ; hav 
ing one or more angles of ninety degrees.— Hutton. 

RE€T-AN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With or at right angles.- 
Brown. 

REC'TI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be rectified ; capable of 
being corrected or set right. 

RE€-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act or operation of 
correcting, amending, or setting right that which is wrong 
or erroneous. — 2. In chemistry, the process of refining or 
purifying any substance by repeated distillation, which 
separates the grosser parts. — 3. In gcomcti-y, the determin- 
ation of a straight line whose length is equal to a portion 
of a curve. Brande. — 4. Rectification of a globe, is the 
adjustment of it preparatory to the solution of a proposed 
problem. 
RECTI-FlJED, pp. or a. Corrected ; set or made right ; re- 
fined byrepeated distillation or sublimation ; adjusted. 
REC'TI-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who corrects or amends. — Bailey. 

2. One who refines a substance by repeated distillations. 

3. An instrument used for determining the variations of 
the compass, in order to rectify the course of a ship. — 
Hutton. 

REC'TI-FY, v. t. [Fr. rectifier; It. rettificare; Sp. rcctificar.] 
1. To make right that which is wrong, erroneous, or false. 
— 2. In chemistry, to refine by repeated distillation or sub 
limation, by which the fine parts of a substance are sep- 
. ara'^ed from the grosser.— 3. To rectify a globe, is to ad- 
just it in order to prepare for the solution of a proposed 
problem. Hutton. — Syn. To correct ; amend ; emend ; 
better ; mend ; reform ; redress ; adjust ; regulate ; im- 
prove. 



D(WE ;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



REC 



826 



RED 



RECTI-FY-ING, ppr. Correcting ; amending ; refining by- 
repeated distillation or sublimation ; adjusting. 

RE€-TI-LIN'E-AL, 1 a. [L. rectus and linea.} Rigbt-lined ; 

REC-TI-LIN'E-AR, J consisting of a right line or of right 
lines ; bounded by right lines ; straight. 

RE€-TI-LIN'E-AR-LY, adv. In a right line. 

\ REC-TI-LIN'E-OUS, a. Rectilinear.— Ray. 

RE€TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; It. rettitudine ; Sp. rectitud.] In 
morality, Tightness of principle or practice ; exact con- 
formity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral con- 
duct, either by divine or human laws. — Syn. Uprightness ; 
integrity; honesty. 

RECTOR, n. [L. rector ; Fr. recteur ; It. rettore.] 1. A ruler 
or governor. — 2. In the Episcopal Church, a clergyman 
who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the 
tithes, &c. ; or the paison of an unimpropriated parish. 
3. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in 
France and Scotland. 4. The head master of a public 
school. 5. The superior officer or chief of a convent or 
religious house ; and, among the Jesuits, the superior of a 
house ; that is, a seminary or college. 



RECTOR-AL, 
RE€-To'RI-AL, j 
RE€'TOR-SHIP, 
RE€'TOR-ATE, 
RE€TO-RY, n. 



a. Pertaining to a rector. — Blackstone. 

> n. The office or rank of a rector. 

1. In England, a parish church, parson- 



Tending to recovery ; pertain- 
ing to recovery. 



age, or spiritual living, with all its rights, tithes, and glebes. 
2. A rector's mansion or parsonage-house. — Encyc. 

RECTRIx" ' \ n ' [L-rectriz.] A governess.— 2?e?t Jonson. 

RECTUM, 'n. [L.] In anatomy, the third and lowest of the 
large intestines ; so named because supposed by the old 
anatomists to be straight. — Brande. 

RE£'TUS IN -eu'RI-A. [L.] Literally, right in court; 
standing free from charge or accusation. 

REC-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. recubo ; re and cubo, to lie down.] 
The act of lying or leaning. — Brown. [Little used.] 

. ^E-€OLE', v. i. To recoil. — Barret. See Recoil. 

RE-CUMB' (re-kum'), v. i. [L. recumbo.] To lean ; to re- 
cline ; to repose. 

RE-€UM'BENCE, n. [from L. rccumbens.] The act of re- 
posing or resting in confidence. — Lord North. 

RE--C JM'BEN-CY, n. 1. The posture of leaning, reclining, 
or lying. 2. Rest ; repose ; idle state. — Locke. 

RE-€UM'BFNT, a. [L. recumbens.] 1. Leaning ; reclining. 
2. Reposing; inactive; idle. — Young: 

RE-€UM'BENT-LY, adv. In a recumbent posture. 

i RE-€u'PER-A-BLE, a. Recoverable.— Chaucer. 

RE-€U-PER-a'TION, n. [L. recuperatio.] Recovery, as of 
any thing lost. 

RE-CO'PER-A-TiVE, 

RE-€U'PER-A-TO-RY, 

RE-€UR', v. i. [L. recurro ; Fr. recourir'] 1. To return to 
the thought or mind. 2. To resort ; to have recourse. 3. 
To occur at a stated interval or according to some regular 
rule._ 

\ RE-€uRE', v. t. [re and cure.] To cure ; to recover. 

f RE-€uRE', n. Cure ; recovery. — Knolles. 

(■RE-CuRE'LESS, a. Incapable of cure or remedy. 

RE-€UR'RENCE, In. 1. Return. 2. Resort; the having 

RE-€UR'REN-CY, 5 recourse. 

RE-CUP/RENT, a. [L. recurrens.] 1. Returning from time 
to time. — 2. In crystallography, a recurrent crystal is one 
whose faces, being counted in annular ranges from one 
extremity to the other, furnish two different numbers 
which succeed each other several times, as, 4, 8, 4, 8, 4 ; 
[not used.] — 3. In anatomy, the recurrent nerve is a branch 
of the par vagum, given off in the upper part of the tho- 
rax, which is reflected and runs up along the trachea to 
the larynx. — Wistar. 

RE-€UR'RING, ppr. or a. Returning regularly to the thought 
or mind; resorting or having recourse to, occurring ac- 
cording to some regular rule. 

RE-€UR'SION, n. [L. recursus.] Return. [Little used.] 

RE-CURV'ITE, v. t. [L. recurvo.] To bend back. 

RE-CURV'ATE, a. 1. In botany, bent, bowed, or curved 
downward. 2. Bent outward. 

RE-CUR- VI'TION, \n, A bending or flexure backward.— 

RE-CURV'I-TY, 5 Brown. 

RE-CURVE' (re-kurvO, v. t. [L. recurvo.] To bend back. 

RE-CURVED' (re-kurvd'), pp. or a. Bent back or down- 
ward. 

RE-CUR V-I-ROS'TER, n. [L. recurvus and rostrum.] A bird 
whose beak or bill bends upward, as the avoset. 

RE-CUR V'OUS, a. [L.rccurvus.] Bent backward. 

RE-€u'SAN-CY, n. Non-conformity.— Coke. 

* RE-€u'SANT, a. [L. recusans.\ Refusing to acknowledge 

the supremacy of the king, or'to conform to the establish- 
ed rites of the Church. 

* RE-€u'SANT, n. 1. In English history, a person who re- 
fuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in mat- 
ters of religion. 2. One who refuses communion with 
the Church of England ; a non-conformist. 



RE€-U-SA'TION, n. [L. recusatio.] 1. Refusal.— 2. In law, 
the act of refusing a judge, or challenging that he shall not 
try the cause, en account of his supposed partiality. 

t RE-GuSE', v. t. [L. recuso.] To refuse, as a judge ; to 
challenge that the judge shall not try the cause. — Digby. 

RED, a. [Sax. red, read ; D. rood ; G. roth ; Sw. rod ; Dan 
rod ; Corn, rydh.] A term denoting a bright color, resem 
bling blood. Red is a simple or primary color, but of sev 
eral different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermil 
ion, orange-red, &c. 

RED, n. A red color. — Newton. 

RED'-BaY, n. A tree of the laurel kind, growing in tha 
southern United States. 

RED'-BER-RiJED, a. Having or bearing red berries. 

RED'-BiRD, n. The popular name of several birds, as the 
hang-nest. 

RED-BOOK, n. In England, a book containing the names 
of all the persons in the service of the state. — The Red- 
Book of the Exchequer is an ancient record, in which are 
registered the names of all that held lands per baroniam in 
the time of Henry II. — Brande. 

RED'-CHALK' (-chawk), n. A common drawing material 
It is an argillaceous iron ore. — Dana. 

RED'-CoAT, n. A name given to a soldier who wears a 
red coat. — Dryden. 

RED'-CoAT-ED, a. Wearing red coats.— Scott. 

RED'-EYE, n. A fish of the carp family, so named from the 
color of the iris ; also called rudd. — Jardine's Nat. Lib. 

RED-GUM, n. 1. A disease of new-born infants ; an erup- 
tion of red pimples in early infancy.— Good. 2. A disease 
of grain, a kind of blight. — Farm. Encyc. 

RED'-HaIR-ED, a. Having hair of a red or sandy color. 

RED'-HOT, n. Red with heat ; heated to redness. 

RED'-L£AD' (red'-led'), n. [red and lead.] Minium, a prep- 
aration of lead of a fine red color, used in painting, &c. 

RED'-LET-TER. A red-letter day is a fortunate or auspi- 
cious day ; so called because the holydays, or saints' days, 
were marked in the old calendars with red letters. — Grose. 

RED'-LIQ-UOR, n. A crude acetate of alumina, used as a 
mordant in calico-printing. — Ure. 

RED'-MaRL, n. New red sandstone. 

RED'-PoLE, n. A bird with a red head or poll, of the finch 
family. 

RED PRE-CIP'I-TATE, n. See Precipitate. 

RED'-ROOT, n. A name given to various plants, as stone- 
weed, blood-root, and the ceanothus Americanus, a peren- 
nial plant, also called New Jersey tea. — Farm. Encyc. 

RED'-SeAR', v. i. [red and sear.] To break or crack when 
too hot, as iron under the hammer. [A term of workmen.] 

RED'-SHANK, n. 1. A bird of the snipe family. 2. A con- 
temptuous appellation for bare-legged persons. — Spenser. 

RED'-SHORT, a. [red and short.] Brittle, or breaking short 
when red-hot, as a metal. [A term of workmen.] 

RED'-SIL'VER, n. An ore of silver, of a ruby red, or red- 
dish-black color. — Dana. 

RED'-SNoW, n. See Snow. 

RED'-STaRT, \ n. [red and start ; Sax. steort.] A bird allied 

RED'-TaIL, > to the nightingale. — Jardine. 

RED'-STReAK, n. [red and streak.] 1. A sort of apple.— 
Mortimer. 2. Cider pressed from the red-streak apples. 

RED'-TOP, n. A well-known species of bent-grass, highly 
valued in the United States for pasturage and hay for cat- 
tle ; it is also called English grass, and Herd.'s-grass. 

RED'-WA-TER, n. A disease in cattle, so called from an 
appearance like blood in the urine. — Farm. Encyc. 

t RE-DACT', v. t. [L. redactus.] To force ; to reduce to form. 

RE-D ACTION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of digesting or reducing 
to order ; [applied to literary or scientific materials, laws, 
fyc] 2. The digest thus made. [Recent.] 

RE-DAN', n. [written sometimes redent and redens.] In forti- 
fication, a kind of rampart in the form of an inverted V, 
having its angle toward the enemy. — P. Cyc. 

t RE-DaR'GuE, v. t. [L. redarguo.] To refute. 

t RED-A.R-GUTION, n. Refutation ; conviction.— Bacon. 

RED'BReAST, n. A bird so called from the color of its 
breast, the robin, which see. 

RED'BUD, n. A plant or tree, also called Judas tree. 

RED'D^N (red'n), v. t. To make red.— Dryden. 

RED'D-EN (red'n), v. i. 1. To grow or become red. 2. Tu 
blush. 

RED-DEN'DUM, n. [L.] Inlaw, the clause by which rent 
is reserved in a lease. 

REDD.EN.ED, pp. or a. Made rod ; grown red. 

REDD.EN-ING, ppr. Making or becoming red. 

RED'DISH, a. Somewhat red ; moderately red.— Lev., xiii. 

RED'DISH-NESS, n. Redness in a moderate degree. 

RED-Dl'TION (red-dish'un), n. [L. reddo.] 1 A returning 
of any thing ; restitution ; surrender. 2. Explanation ; 
representation. 

RED'DI-TIVE, a. [L.redditivus.] Returning, answeringta 
an interrogative.— Johnson. [A term of grammar.] 

RED'DLE, n. [from red.] Red-chalk, which see. 

t REDE, n. [Sax. reed.] Counsel ; advice.— Shak. 






See Sijnojysis. A, E, I, &c. long.—l, % i, &c„ short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



RED 



827 



RED 



J RSDE, v. t. Tc counsel or advise. — Spenser. 

RE-DEEM', v.t. [L. redimo.] 1. To purchase back; to ran- 
som ; to liberate or rescue from captivity or bondage, or 
from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, 
by paying an equivalent. 2. To repurchase what has 
been sold ; to regain possession of a thing alienated, by re- 
paying the value of it to the possessor. 3. To rescue ; to 
recover ; to deliver from. 4. To compensate or recom- 
pense ; to make amends for, as sorrows. — Shak. 5. To 
free by making atonement ; as, to redeem nature from the 
curse. — Shak. 6. To pay the penalty of, as crime. — MiUon. 
7. To save, as a portion of time. 8. To perform what has 
been promised ; to make good by performance. — 9. In law, 
to recall an estate, or to obtain the right to re-enter upon a 
mortgaged estate by paying to the mortgagee lus principal, 
interest^ and expenses or costs. — 10. In theology, to res- 
cue and deliver from the bondage of sin and its penalties. 
— 11. In commerce, to purchase or pay the value, in specie, 
of any promissory note, bill, or other evidence of debt 
given by the state, by a company, or corporation, or by an 
individual. — To redeem time, is to use more diligence in 
the improvement of it. 

RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be redeemed ; capable 
of redemption. 2. That may be purchased or paid for in 
gold and silver, and brought into the possession of govern- 
ment or the original promiser. 

RE-DEEM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being redeemable. 

RE-DEEMED' (re-deemd'), pp. or a. Ransomed; delivered 
from bondage, distress, penalty, liability, or from the pos- 
session of another, by paying an equivalent. 

RE-DEEM'ER, n. 1. One who redeems or ransoms. 2. 
The Savior of the world, Jesus Christ. 

RE-DEEMTNG, ppr. Ransoming ; procuring deliverance 
from captivity, capture, bondage, sin, distress, or liability 
to suffer, by the payment of an equivalent. 2. a. That re- 
deems or makes amends. 

RE-DE-LIBER-XTE, v. i. [re and deliberate.] To deliberate 
again. 

►RE-DE-LIBER-iTE, v. t. To reconsider. 

RE-DE-LIVER, v. t. [re and deliver.] 1. To deliver back.— 
Ayliffe. 2. To deliver again ; to liberate a second time. 

RE-DE-LIVER-ANCE, n. A second deliverance. 

RE-DE-LIVERED, pp. Delivered back ; liberated again. 

RE-DE-LI VER-ING, ppr. Delivering back ; liberating again. 

RE-DE-LIVER-Y, n. The act of delivering back ; also, a 
second delivery or liberation. 

H^.-DE-MaND', v. t. [re and demand ; Fr. redemander.] . To 
demand back ; to demand again. — Addison. 

RE-DE-MaND', n. A demanding back again. 

RE-DE-MaND'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded back. 

RE-DE-MaNDED, pp. Demanded back or again. 

RE-DE-MXND'ING, ppr. Demanding back or again. 

RE-DE-MlSE', v. t. [re and demise.] To convey or transfer 
back, as an estate in fee-simple, fee-tail, for life, or a term 
of years. 

RE-DE-MISE', n. Reconveyance ; the transfer of an estate 
back to the person who has demised it. 

RE-DE-MISED' (re-de-mizd'), pp. Reconveyed, as an estate. 

RE-DE-MlS'ING, ppr. Reconveying. 

RE-DEMPTION, n. [Fr. ; It. redenzione; L.redemptio.] 1. 
1. Repurchase of captured goods or prisoners ; the act of 
procuring the deliverance of persons or things from the 
possession and power of captors by the payment of an 
equivalent ; ransom ; release. 2. Deliverance from bond- 
age, distress, or from liability to any evil or forfeiture, ei- 
ther by money, labor, or other means. 3. Repurchase, as 
of lands alienated. — Lev., xxv. 4. The liberation of an es- 
tate from a mortgage ; or the purchase of the right to re- 
enter upon it by paying the sum for which it was mort- 
gaged ; also, the right of redeeming and re-entering. 5. 
Repurchase of notes, bills, or other evidence of debt by 
paying their vab.e in specie to their holders.— 6. In theol- 
ogy, the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bond- 
age of sin and the penalties of God's violated law by the 
atonement of Christ. — Dryden. 

RE-DEMPTION-ER, n. One who redeems himself; for- 
merly, one whose services were sold to pay the expenses 
of bis passage to America. 

RE-DEMP'TIVE, a. Pertaining to redemption ; redeeming. 

REDEMPTOR-ISTS, n. pi. A religious order, founded in 
Naples in 1732, and revived in Austria in 1820, devoted to 
the education of youth and the propagation of the Roman 
Catholic faith.— Brande. 

RE-DEMPTO-RY, a. Paid for ransom.— Oiapman. 

RE-DENTED, a. Formed like the teeth of a saw ; indented. 

RE-DE-SCEND', v. i. [re and descend.] To descend again. 

RE-DESCENDING, ppr. Descending again. 

RE'DI-ENT, a. [L. rediens.] Returning.— E. H. Smith. 

RE-DI-GEST', v. t. To digest or reduce to form a second 
time. — Kent. 

RE-DI-gESTED, pp. Digested again. 

RE-DI-GEST'JNG, ppr. Digesting a second time ; reducing 
again to order. 



RE-DINTE-GRaTE, v. t. [L. redintcgro.] To make wholf 
again ; to renew ; to restore to a perfect state. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRATE, a. Renewed ; restored to wholeness 
or a perfect state. — Bacon. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRa-TED, pp. Renewed ; restored to entire- 
ness. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRa-TING, ppr. Restoring to a perfect state 

RE-DIN-TE-GRa'TION, n. 1. Renovation ; restoration to 
a whole or sound state. — 2. In chemistry, the restoration oi 
any mixed body or matter to its former nature and con- 
stitution. 

RE-DIS-BURSE' (re-dis-burs'), v. t. [re and disburse.] To 
repay or_ refund. — Spenser. 

RE-DIS-PoSE', v. t. [re and dispose.] To dispose or adjust 
again. — Baxter. 

RE-DIS-PoSED' (re-dis-pozd'), pp. Disposed anew. 

RE-DIS-PoS'ING, ppr. Disposing or adjusting anew. 

RE-DIS-SeI'ZIN. n. [re and disseizin.] In law. a writ of it- 
disseizin is a writ to recover seizin of lands or tenementa 
against a redisseizor. 

REvDIS-SeTZOR, n. [re and disseizor.] A person who dis- 
seizes lands or tenements a second time, or after a recov- 
ery of the same from him in an action of novel disseizin. 

RE-DIS-SOLVE' (re-diz-zolV), v. t. [re and dissolve.] To 
dissolve again. 

RE-DIS-SOLVED' (re-diz-zolvd'), pp. Dissolved a second 
time. 

RE-DIS-SOLV1NG, ppr. Dissolving again. 

RE-DIS-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [re and distribute.] To distribute 
again ; to deal back again. — Cotgrave. 

RE-DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Distributed again or back. 

RE-DIS-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Distributing again or back. 

RE-DIS-TRI-Bu'TION, «. A dealing back, or a second dis 
tribution. 

RED'LY, adv. With redness. — Cotgrave. 

RED'NESS, n. [Sax. readnesse.] The quality of being red 
red color. — Spectator. 

RED'O-LEN-^Y \ n ' t from redolenL ] Sweet scent.— Boyle 

RED'O-LENT, a. [L. redolens.] Having or diffusing a sweet 
scent. — Sandys. 

RE-DOUB'LE (re-dubl), v. t. [re and double.] 1. To repeat 
in return. 2. To repeat often. 3. To increase by repeat 
ed or continued additions. 

RE-D6UBEE (re-dubl), v. i. . To become twice as much. 

RE-D6UBEED (re-dubld), pp. or a. Repeated in return , 
repeated over and over ; increased by repeated or contin 
ued additions. 

RE-D6UB'LING (re-dubling),_£2?r. Repeating in return ; re- 
peating again and again ; increasing by repeated or con- 
tinued additions. 

RE-DOUBT (re-doutf), n. [It. ridotto ; Sp. reduclo ; Fr. re- 
doute. The etymology of this word shows that it should 
be written redout.] A general name for nearly every kind 
of work in the class of field fortifications ; particularly, a 
parapet inclosing a square or polygonal area. — P. Cyc. 

RE-DOUBTA-BLE, a. [Fr.] Formidable; that is to be 
dreaded ; terrible to foes. Hence, the implied sense is 
valiant. 

t RE-DOUBTED, a. Formidable.— Spenser. 

RE-DOUND', v. i. [It. ridondare ; L. redundo.] 1. To be 
sent, rolled, or driven back. 2. To conduce in the conse 
quence ; to contribute ; to result. 3. To proceed in the 
consequence or effect ; to result. 

RE-DOUND'ING, ppr. Conducing; contributing: resulting 

RE-DRAFT, v. t. [re and draft.] "To draw or draft anew 

RE-DRaFT, n. 1. A second draft or copy.— 2. In thb 
French commercial code, a new bill of exchange. — Walsh. 

RE-DRIFTED, pp. Drafted again ; transcribed into a new 
copy. 

RE-DRaFT'ING, ppr. Redrawing ; drafting or transcribing 
again. 

RE-rjRAW, v. l. [re and draw.] 1. To draw again.— In com- 
merce, to draw a new bUl of exchange. — Walsh. 2. To 
draw a second draft or copy. 

RE-DRESS', v. t. [Fr. redresser.] 1. To set right; to amend. 
— Milton. 2. To remedy ; to repair ; to relieve from, and 
sometimes to indemnify for ; as, to redress grievances ; to 
redress tbe afflicted.— Dryden, 3. To ease ; to relieve, aa 
pain. — Sidney. 

RE-DRESS', n. 1. Reformation; amendment. 2. Relief, 
remedy ; deliverance from wrong, injury, or oppression. 
3. Reparation j indemnification. 4. One who gives relief. 
— Dryden. 

RE-DRESSED' (re-dresf), pp. Remedied; set right; re 
lieved; indemnified. 

RE-DRESSER, n. One who gives redress. 

RE-DRESS1-BLE, a. That may be redressed, relieved, oi 
indemnified. 

RE-DRESSING,^"". Setting right ; relieving; indemnifying 

RE-DRESS1VE, a. Affording relief— Thomson. 

RE-DRESS'LESS, a. Without amendment ; without relief 
— Sherwood. 



D6YE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; BH vs SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



REE 



828 



REE 



RE-DRESS'MENT, n. Redress ; act of redressing.— Jefferson. 
RE-DRIV'jBN, a. Driven back or again. 
EE-DuCE', v. t. [L. reduco ; Fr. reduire ; It. riducere.] 1. 
Literally, to bring back ; [obs.] 2. To bring to a former 
6tate ; as, " to reduce me to my dust,"— Milton. 3. To 
bring to any state or condition, good or bad. 4. To make 
less in length, breadth, thickness, size, quantity, or value. 
5. To bring down in dignity or excellence ; to degrade. — 
Tillotson. 6. To bring into subjection ; as, to reduce a 
place or country. 7. To reclaim to order.— Milton. 8. To 
bring, as into a class, order, genus, or species ; to bring un- 
der rules or within certain limits of description.— 9. In 
arithmetic, to change numbers from one denomination into 
another, without altering then- value.— 10. In algebra, to 
reduce an equation is to bring the unknown quantity by it- 
self, on one side, and all the known quantities on the other 
side, without destroying the equation. — 11. In metallurgy, to 
separate a metal from other substances with which it is 
combined. — 12. In surgery, to restore to its proper place 
or state a dislocated or fractured bone. — To reduce a figure, 
design, or draught, to make a copy of it smaller than the 
original. — To reduce to the ranks, in military language, to 
degrade a sergeant or corporal for misconduct to the sta- 
tion of a private soldier.— Svn. To diminish ; lessen ; de- 
crease ; abate ; shorten; curtail ; impair ; lower ; subject; 
subdue; subjugate; conquer. 
RE-DuCED' (re-dusf), pp. or a. Brought back; brought to 
a former state ; brought into any state or condition ; dimin- 
ished ; subdued ; impoverished. 
RE-DuCE'MENT, n. The act of bringing back • the act of 

diminishing ; the act of subduing ; reduction. 
RE-Du'CENT, a. Tending to reduce. 
RE-Du'CENT, n. That which reduces. 
RE-DuC'ER (re-dus'er), n. One who reduces. — Sidney. 
RE-DO'CI-BLE, a. That may be reduced.— Dryden. 
RE-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being reducible. 
RE-DuC'ING, ppr. Bringing back ; bringing to a former 
state, or to a different state or form ; diminishing ; subdu- 
ing ; impoverishing, 
f RE-DUCT', v t. [L. reductus.] To reduce.— Warde. 
RE-DUCT, n. In building, a quirk or small piece taken out 
of a larger to make it more regular and uniform, or for 
some other convenience. — Gwilt. 
RE-DU-GTI-O AD AB-SURDUM (re-duk'she-o-). [L.] The 
proving that a given supposition leads directly to an ab- 
surdity. 
RE-DUC'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reductio.] 1. The act of reduc- 
ing, or state of being reduced. 2. The act of making less, 
or state of being made less. 3. A conquering or subduing, 
as of a country. — 4. In arithmetic, the bringing of numbers 
of different denominations into one denomination. — 5. In 
algebra, the reduction of an equation consists in bringing 
the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the 
known quantities on the other side without destroying the 
equation. Day. — 6. Reduction of a figure, draught, &c, 
the copying of it on a smaller scale than the original. — 7. 
In surgery, the restoring of a dislocated or fractured bone 
to its proper place or state.— 8. In metallurgy, the separa- 
ting of a metal from other substances with which it is com- 
bined ; revivification. Ure. — Syn. Diminution ; lessening ; 
decrease ; abatement ; curtailment ; subjugation ; con- 
quest; subjection. 
RE-DUC'TlVE, a. [Fr. reductif] Having the power of re- 
ducing. — Brevint. 
RE-DUCTT VE, n. That which has the power of reducing. 
RE-DUG'TiVE-LY, adv. By reduction ; by consequence. 
RE-DUN'DANCE, In. [L. redundantia.] 1. Excess or su- 
RE-DUN'DAN-CY, > perfluous quantity ; superfluity ; su- 
perabundance. — 2. In discourse, superfluity of words. 
RE-DUN'DANT, a. 1. Exceeding what is natural or neces- 
sary. 2. Using more words or images than are necessary 
or useful. — 3. In music, a redundant chord is one which 
contains a greater number of tones, semitones, or less in- 
tervals than it does in its natural state, as from fa to sol 
sharp. — Syn. Superfluous ; superabundant ; excessive ; 
exuberant ; overflowing ; plentiful ; copious. 
RE-DUN'DANT-LY, adv. With superfluity or excess ; su- 

perfhiously ; superabundantly. 
RE-Du'PLI-CaTE, v. t. [L. reduplico.] To double. 
RE-D0TLI-€ATE, a. Double. 

RE-DU-PLI-Ca'TION, n. The act of doubling.— Digby. 
RE-Du'PLI-CA-TiVE, a. Double.— Watts. 
RED'WING, n. A European bird of the thrush family, 
named from the deep orange-red color of its under wing- 
coverts. — Jar dine. 
REE, ) n. A small Portuguese coin or money of account, 
RE, 5 value about one eighth of a cent. 
REE, v. t. To riddle ; to sift ; that is, to separate or throw 

oft*. — Mortimer. [Not in use, or local.] 
RE-E€H'0 (re-ek'o), v. t. [re and echo.] To echo back ; to 

reverberate again. 
RE-E€H'0 (re-ek'o), v. i. To echo back ; to return back or 
be reverberated, as an echo. — Pope. 



RE-ECHO (re-ek'o), n. The echo of an echo. 

RE-ECH'O-ED (re-ek'6de), pp. Returned, as sound ; rever 
berated again. 

RE-E€H'0-ING, ppr. Returning or reverberating an echo 

REECH'Y, a. [a misspelling of reeky.] Tarnished with 
smoke or vapor ; hence, sweaty ; as, a reechy neck. — Sluik 

REED, n. [Sax. hreod, reod ; G. rieth.] 1. The common 
name of many aquatic plants, usually having hollow stalks 
or stems with joints. 2. A musical pipe ; reeds being an- 
ciently used for instruments of music. 3. A little tube 
through which a hautboy, bassoon, or clarionet is blown. 
4. An arrow, as made of a reed headed. 5. Thatch ; [ West 
of England.] 6. That part of a loom by which the threads 
of the warp are separated in weaving. 

REED'-CROWNjED, a. Crowned with reeds.— Hemans. 

REED'-GRaSS, n. A plant, bur-reed, of the genus spar 
ganium. 

REED'-MaCE, n. A plant ; also called cat-tail. 

REED'ED, a. 1. Covered with reeds.— Tusser. 2. Formed 
with channels and ridges like reeds. 

REED'i£N (reed'n), a. Consisting of a reed or reeds. — 
Dryden. 

RE-ED-I-FI-CITION, n. [from re-edify.] Act or operation 
of rebuilding ; state of being rebuilt. — D'Anville, Trans. 

RE-ED'1-Fl.Eb (-fide), pp. Rebuilt. 

RE-ED'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. reedifier.] To rebuild ; to build again 
after destruction. — Milton. 

RE-ED'I-FY-ING, ppr. Rebuilding. 

REED'LESS, a. Destitute of reeds.— May. 

REEDY, a. 1. Abounding with reeds. Thomson. — 2. Hav- 
ing the quality of a reed in tone, i. e., harsh and thick, as a 
voice. 

REEF, n. [D. reef; Dan. riv or rift; Sw. refi] A certain 
portion of a sail, between the top or bottom and a row of 
eyelet holes, or between two rows of eyelet holes, which 
is folded or rolled up to contract the sail, when the vio- 
lence of the wind renders it necessary. 

REEF, n. [G. riff; D. rifi] A chain or range of rocks lying 
at or near the surface of the water. — Brande. 

REEF, n. A cutaneous eruption ; a rash. — Grose. 

REEF, v. t. To contract or reduce the extent of a sail by 
rolling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast 
to the yard. 

REEF-BAND, n. A piece of canvas sewed across a sail, to 
strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes are formed 
for reefing. 

REEF'-LlNE, n. A small rope formerly used to reef the 
courses by being passed spirally round the yard and 
through the holes of the reef. — Totten. 

REEF'-POINTS, n. pi. Flat pieces of braided cordage, ta 
pering toward each end, and passed through the holes in 
the reef-band of a sail. — Totten. 

REEF'-TA€K-LE, n. A tackle by which the reef cringles 
or rings of a sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing.- 
Totten. 

REEFJSD (reeft), pp. or a. Having a portion of the top ot 
bottom folded and made fast to the yard. 

REEFING, ppr. Folding and making fast to the yard, as a 
portion of a sail. 

REEF% a. Scabby.— Grose. 

REEFY, a. Full of reefs or rocks. 

REEK, n. [Sax. rec] 1. Vapor ; steam. 2. A rick. 

REEK, v. i. [Sax. recan, reocan ; D. rooken.] To steam ; to 
exhale ; to emit vapor. — Milton. 

REEKTNG, ppr. or a. Steaming ; emitting vapor. 

REEK'Y, a. Smoky ; soiled with smoke or steam ; fouL 

REEL, n. [Sax. hreol, reol.] I. A frame or machine turning 
on an axis, and on which yarn, thread, lines, &c, are 
wound. 2. A lively dance peculiar to Scotland. — Brande. 

REEL, v. t. To wind upon a reel, as thread or yarn from 
the spindle. — Wilkins. 

REEL, v. i. [Sw. ragla.] To stagger ; to incline or move in 
walking, first to one side and then to the other ; to vacil- 
late. 

RE-E-LECT, v. t. [re and elect.] To elect again. 

RE-E-LECTED, pp. Elected again ; rechosen. 

RE-E-LECT'ING, ppr. Electing again. 

RE-E-LECTION, n. Election a second time, or repeated 
election. — Swift. 

RE-EL-I-61-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being re-elected 
to the same office. 

RE-EL1-6I-BLE, a. [re and eligible.] Capable of being 
elected again to the same office. 

RE-EM-BaRK', v. t. [re and embark.] To embark or put on 
board again. 

RE-EM-BaRK', v. i. To embark or go on board again. 

RE-EM-BaRK-a'TION, n. A putting on board or a going 
on board again. 

RE-EM-BXRK.ED' (-barktO, pp. Embarked again. 

RE-EM-BaRKTNG, ppr. Embarking again. 

RE-EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. [re and embattle.] To array again 
for battle ; to arrange again in the order of battle. 

RE-EM-BAT'TL ED, pp. Arrayed again for battle. • 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, f, &c, long.— I, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



REE 



829 



REF 



RE-EM-BATTLING, ppr. Arranging again in battle array. 
RE-EM-BOD'I£D (-bod'id), pp. Embodied again. 
RE-EM-BOD T, v. t. [re and embody.} To embody again. 
RE-EM-BODT-ING, ppr. Embodying again. 
RE-E-MERgE', v. i. To emerge a second time. 
RE-E-MERG'ENCE, n. The act of emerging a second time. 

—Lyell. 
REEM'ING, n. [L. rima.] The opening of the seams be- 
tween the planks of & vessel with a calking-iron, for the 
purpose of calking or recalking them with oakum. — Hebert. 
RE-EN-A€T, v. t. [re and enact.] To enact again. 
RE-EN-A€T'ED, pp. Enacted again. 
RE-EN-AGTTNG, ppr. Enacting anew ; passing again into 

a law. 
RE-EN-A€'TION, n. The passing into a law again. 
RE-EN-A€T'MENT, n. The enacting or passing of a law a 

second time ; the renewal of a law. — Key. 
RE-EN-FoRCE', v. t. [re and enforce.] To strengthen with 

new force, assistance, or support. 
RE-EN-FoRCE', n. That part of a cannon near the breech, 

which is made stronger than the rest. — Totten. 
RE-EN-FoRCED' (re-en-forsf), pp. Strengthened by addi- 
tional force, troops, or ships. 
RE-EN-FoRCE'MENT, n. 1. The act of re-enforcing. 2. 
Additional force; fresh assistance ; particularly, additional 
troops or force to augment the strength of an army or of 
ships. 3. Any augmentation of strength or force by some- 
thing added. 
RE-EN-FqRCTNG, ppr. Strengthened by additional force. 
RE-EN-GagE', v. t. To engage a second time. 
RE-EN-GagE', v. i. To engage again ; to enlist a second 

time ; to_ covenant again. — Mitford. 
RE-EN-GagjED', pp. Engaged a second time. 
RE-EN-GagTNG, ppr. Engaging or covenanting again. 
RE-EN-JOY', v. t. [re and enjoy.] To enjoy anew, or a sec- 
ond time. — Pope. 
RE-EN-JOYED' (re-en-joyd'), pp. Enjoyed again. 
RE-EN-JOY'ING, ppr. Enjoying anew. 
RE-EN-JOY'MENT, n. A second or repeated enjoyment. 
RE-EN-KIN'DLE (-kin'dl), v. t. [re and enkindle.] To en- 
kindle again ; to rekindle. — Taylor. 
RE-EN-KIN'DLED (-kin'dld), pp. Enkindled again. 
RE-EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Enkindling anew. 
RE-EN-LIST, v. t. To enlist a second time. 
RE-EN-LIST'ED, pp. Enlisted anew. 
RE-EN-LISTING, ppr. Enlisting anew. 
RE-EN-LISTMENT, n. A second enlistment. 
IE-EN-STAMP', v. t. To enstamp again.— Bedell. 
iE-EN'TER, v. t. [re and enter.] To enter again or anew. 
It is applied, in engraving, to the passing of the graver 
into those incisions of the plate, so as to deepen them, 
where the acid has not bitten in sufficiently. — Brande. 
RE-ENTER, v. i. To enter anew. 
RE-ENTERED, pp. Entered again. 

RE-ENTER-ING, ppr. 1. Entering anew. 2. a. Entering 

in return ; as, re-entering angles ; opposed to salient angles. 

RE-EN-THRoNE', v. t. [re and enthrone.] To enthrone 

again ; to replace on a throne. — Southern. 
RE-EN-THRoNJSD' (re-en-thr6nd'), pp. Raised again to a 

throne. 
RE-EN-THRONE'MENT, n. A second enthroning. 
RE-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Replacing on a throne. 
RE-ENTRANCE, n. [re and entrance.] The act of entering 

again. — Hooker. 
RE-ENTRANT, a. See Re-entering. 
REER'-MOUSE, n. [Sax. hreremus.] A rear-mouse ; a bat. 
RE-ES-TAB'LISH, v. t. [re and establish.} To establish 

anew ; to fix or confirm again. 
RE-ES-TAB'LISH£D (-es-tablisht), pp. or a. Established 

or confirmed again. 
RE-ES-TAB'LISH-ER, n. One who establishes again. 
RE-ES-TAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Establishing anew ; confirm- 
ing again. 
RE-ES-TABTJSH-MENT, n. The act of establishing again ; 
the state of being re-established ; renewed confirmation ; 
restoration. 
(•RE-ES-TaTE', v. t. [re and estate.] To re-establish. 
REEVE, n. [Sax. gerefa; G. graf] An officer, steward, or 
governor. — Brande. [Obsolete, except in compounds, as 
shire-reeve (i. e., sheriff), port-reei'e, &c] 
REEVE, n. A bird, the female of the ruff. 
REEVE, v. t. ; pret. and pp. Rove. In seamen's language, 
to pass the end of a rope through any hole in a block, 
thimble, cleat, ring-bolt, cringle, &c. — Totten. 
REEVE, v. t. To talk inconsistently. [Craven dialect.] 
RE-EX-AMTN-A-BLE (x as gz), a. That may be re-exam- 
ined or reconsidered. — Judge Story. 
RE-EX-AM-IN-a'TION, n. A renewed or repeated examina- 
tion. 
RE-EX- AMINE, v. t. [re and examine.} To examine anew. 
RE-EX-AM1N.ED, pp. Examined again. 
RE-EX- AM'IN-ING, ppr. Examining anew. 
RE-EX-CHaNgE', n. [re and exchange.] 1. A renewed ex. 



change. — 2. In commerce, the expense incurred on a oDt 
of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a for- 
eign country, and returned to that country in which it was 
made orindorsed, and there taken up. — Bouvier. 
RE-EX-PoRT', v. t. [re and export.} To export again : to 

export what has been imported. 
RE-EX'PoRT, n. Any commodity re-exported. 
RE-EX-PoR-Ta'TION, n. The act of exporting what has 

been imported. 
RE-EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Exported after being imported. 
RE-EX-PoRTING, ppr. Exporting what has been imported. 
RE-FASHTON, v. t. To form or mold into shape again.— 

Macknight. 
RE-FASHTON.ED, pp. Fashioned again. 
RE-FASH'ION-ING, jrpr. Shaping a second time. 
tRE-FE€T, v. t. [L. refectus, reficio.} To refresh; to r 

store after hunger or fatigue. — Brown. 
RE-FEGTION, n. [Fr. ; L. refectio.} 1. Refreshment after 
hunger or fatigue. — 2. In monasteries, a spare meal or re- 
past. 
RE-FE€T'lVE, a. Refreshing; restoring. 
RE-FEGT'IVE, n. That which refreshes. 
* RE-FEGT'O-RY, n. [Fr. refectoirc.} A room for refresh 
ment or meals ; originally, a hall or apartment in con- 
vents and monasteries, where a moderate repast is taken. 
RE-FEL', v. t. [L. refello.] To refute ; to disprove ; to re 

press. — Shak. [Little used.] 
RE-FER', v. t. [L. refero ; Fr. referrer.} 1. To direct, leave, 
or deliver over to another person or tribunal for informa- 
tion or decision. 2. To reduce, as to the ultimate end. 3. 
To reduce ; to assign ; as to an order, genus, or class. 
RE-FER', v. i. 1. To point or have reference ; as, this re- 
fers to the habits of the people. 2. To appeal ; to have re 
course ; to apply.— Bacon. 3. To have respect to by intima- 
tion without naming. — Syn. To relate ; recur ; allude ; hint. 
REF'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be referred ; capable of 
being considered in relation to something else. 2. That 
may~be assigned ; that may be considered as belonging to 
or related to. 
REF-ER-EE', n. One to whom a thing is referred ; particu- 
larly, a person appointed by a court to hear, examine, and 
decide a cause between parties, pending before the court 
and make report to the court. — In New England, a referee 
differs from an arbitrator, in being appointed by the cour* 
to decide in a cause which is depending before that court 
An arbitrator is chosen by parties to decide a cause between 
them. v 
REF'ER-ENCE, n. 1. A sending, dismission, or direction to 
another for information. 2. Relation ; respect ; view to- 
ward. 3. Allusion to. — 4. In law, the process of assigning 
a cause depending in court, for a hearing and decision, to 
persons appointed by the court. 
REF-ER-ENTIAL, a. That contains a reference ; that 

points to something out of itself. — Sinart. 
REF-ER-END'A-RY, n. 1. One to whose decision a cause 
is referred ; a referee ; [obs.] 2. An officer who delivered 
the royal answer to petitions. — 3. In early history, an offi- 
cer charged with the procuring and dispatching of di- 
plomas and decrees. — Brande. 
t RE-FER'MENT, n. Reference for decision.— Laud. 
RE-FER-MENT, v. t. [re sad. ferment.} To ferment again 
RE-FERR.ED' (re-ferd'), pp. Dismissed or directed to an 
other ; assigned, as to a class, order, or cause ; assigned bv 
a court to persons appointed to decide. 
RE-FER'RI-BLE, a. That may be referred ; referable. 
RE-FER'RING, ppr. Dismissing or directing to another for 
information; alluding; assigning, as to a class, order, 
cause, &c. ; or assigning to private persons for decision. 
RE-FlND', v. t. [re and. find.} To find again; to experience 

anew. — Sandys. 
RE-FINE', v. t. [Fr. raflner; It. raffinare; Sp., Port, rcfinar.] 
1. To purify, in a general sense ; applied to liquors, to dep- 
urate ; to defecate ; to clarify ; to separate, as liquor, 
from all extraneous matter. — 2. Applied to metals, to sep 
arate the metallic substance from all other matter. 3. To 
purify, as manners, from what is gross, clownish, or vul 
gar; to polish; to make elegant. 4. To purify, as Ian 
guage, by removing vulgar words and barbarisms. 5. To 
purify, as taste ; to give a nice and delicate perception ot 
beauty and propriety in literature and the arts. 6. T« 
purify, as the mind or moral principles. 
RE-FlNE', v. i. 1. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or ii, 
any thing that constitutes excellence. 2. To become pure 
to be cleared of feculent matter. 3. To affect nicety. 
RE-FlN ED' (re-find'), pp. or a. Separated from extraneous 
matter ; freed from alloy, &c, as metals ; clarified, as 
liquors ; separated from what is coarse, rude, or improper 
— Stn. Purified ; polished ; polite ; genteel ; elegant. 
RE-FlN'ED-LY, adv. With affected nicety or elegance. 
RE-FlN'ED-NESS, n. State of being refined; purity ; re- 
finement ; also, affected purity. 
RE-FINE'MENT, n. 1. The act of purifying by separating 
from a substance all extraneous matter ; a clearing from 



D6VE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aa in tiis f Obsolete 



REF 

dross, alloy, dregs, or recrement. 2. The state of being 
pure. 3. An improved or advanced state of language ; 
purity. 4. Nice sense or observance of the civilities of so- 
cial intercourse and of graceful decorum. 5. Purity of 
taste ; nice perception of beauty and propriety in litera- 
ture and the arts. 6. Purity of mind ane>. m.i.vals ; nice 
perception and observance of rectitude in moral principles 
and practice. 7. Purity of heart ; the state of the heart 
purified from sensual and evil affections. 8. Artificial 
practice ; subtilty ; as, the refinement of cunning. — Rogers. 
9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant improvement ; as, 
the refinements of logic. — Syn. Purification; polish; polite- 
ness; gentility; elegance; cultivation; civilization. 

RE-FlN'ER, n. 1. One who refines metals or other things. 
2. An improver in purity and elegance. 3. An inventor 
of superfluous subtilties; one who is over nice in discrim- 
ination, in argument, reasoning, philosophy, &c. 

RE-FiN'ER-Y, n. The place and apparatus for refining 
metals. 

RE-FlN'ING, ppr. Purifying ; separating from alloy or any 
extraneous matter ; polishing ; improving in accuracy, 
delicacy, or purity. 

RE-FlN'ING, n. 1. The act or process of purifying ; partic- 
ularly, the purification of a metal from an alloy or other 
substance. — Hebert. 2. The use of excessive refinement 
or subtilty. 

RE-FIT', v. t. [re and fit.] To fit or prepare again ; to re- 
pair ; to restore after - damage or decay. 

RE-FIT, v. i. To repair damages ; as, the admiral returned 
to refit. — Belsham. 

RE-FIT'MENT, n. A fitting out a second time. 

RE-FIT'TED, pp. Prepared again ; repaired. 

RE-FITTING, ppr. Repairing after damage or decay. 

RE-FLEGT, v. t. [L. refiecto ; Fr. reflechir ; It. riflettere.] To 
throw back ; to cause to return after striking upon any 
surface, as light, heat, &c. 

RE-FLEGT', v. i. 1. To throw back fight, heat, &c. ; to re- 
turn rays or beams. 2. To bend back. 3. To throw or 
turn back the thoughts upon the past operations of the 
mind or upon past events. 4. To bestow attentive con- 
sideration ; to revolve in the mind. 5. To bring reproach. 
— To reflect on, to cast censure or reproach. Swift. — Syn. 
To consider ; think ; cogitate ; meditate ; contemplate ; 
ponder; muse; ruminate. 

RE-FLECTED, pp. or a. Thrown back ; returned. 

RE-FLEGT'ENT, a. Bending or flying back.— Digby. 

RE-FLEGT'I-BLE, a. That may be reflected or thrown 
back. — Gregory. 

RE-FLEGT'ING, ppr. 1. Throwing back, as light, heat, &c. 
2. Turning back, as thoughts upon themselves or upon 
past events. — 3. Reflecting on, casting censure or re- 
proach. 

RE-FLEGT'ING, a. 1. Throwing back light, heat, Sec, as a 
mirror or other surface. 2. Accustomed to reflection or 
thought ; reflective. — Reflecting telescope. See Telescope. 

RE-FLEGT'ING CtR'GLE, n. An instrument for measur- 
ing angles by reflection.— Brande. 

RE-FLEGTING-LY, adv. With reflection ; with censure. 

RE-FLEG'TION, n. [from reflect.] 1. A turning back after 
striking upon any surface ; as, the reflection of light, heat, 
or sound ; the reflection of an elastic body. 2. The act of 
bending back. 3. That which is reflected. 4. The opera- 
tion of the mind by which it turns its views back upon it- 
self and its operations. 5. Thought thrown back on itself, 
on the past or on the absent. 6. The expression of thought. 
7. Attentive consideration. 8. Censure ; reproach cast ; 
as, a reflection on one's honesty. — Syn. Meditation; con- 
templation ; rumination ; cogitation ; considerance ; mus- 
ing; thinking. 

RE-FLEGTlVE, a. 1. Throwing back images 2. Consid- 
ering the operations of the mind or thing3 past. — Prior. 

RE-FLEGT1VE-LY, adv. By reflection. 

RE-FLEGVOR, n. 1. One who reflects or considers. — 
Boyle 2. Something having a polished surface for reflect- 
ing jght or heat, as the reflector of a lamp, &c. 

Re'? LEX, a. [L. reflexus.] 1. Directed back ; retroactive. 
£. Designating the parts of a painting illuminated by light 
reflected from another part of the same picture. — 3. In bot- 
any, bent back ; reflected. 

RE-FLEX', n. 1. Reflection.— Hooker ; [obs.] 2. The light 
reflected from an enlightened surface to one in shade.— 
GvAlt. 

RE-FLEX', v. t. 1. To reflect.— Shak. 2. To bend back; to 
turn back. — Gregory ; [little used.] 

RE-FLEXED' (re-flekst), pp. or a. Reflected.— In botany, 
suddenly bent backward. — Lindley. 

RE-FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being reflexible or 
capable of being reflected.— Newton. 

RE-FLEX'I-BLE, a. Capable of being reflected or thrown 
back. — Gheyne. 

RE-FLEX'ION. See Reflection. 

RE-FLEX'I-TY, n. Capacity of being reflected. 

RE-FLEX'lVE, a. Having respect to something past 



830 



REF 



In a direction backward. — Gov. of 



RE-FLEX'IVE-LY, 
the Tongue. 

Re-FLoAT, n. [re and float.] Reflux; ebb; a flowing back 
— Bacon. [Little used.] 

RE-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [re and florescence:] A blossom- 
ing anew. 

RE-FL6UR1SH (re-flurlsh), v. i. [re and flourish.] To flour. 
ish anew. — Milton. 

RE-FLoUR'ISH-ING, ppr. Flourishing again. 

RE-FLoW, v. i. [re and flow.] To flow back; to ebb. 

RE-FLoW'ING, ppr. Flowing back ; ebbing. — Darwin. 

RE-FLUGT-U-A'TION, n. A flowing back. 

REF'LUENCE, > , fl . , , „, ■ 

REF'LU-E\-CY \ a ' flowing back. — Montagu. 

REF'LU-ENT, a. [L. refluens.] 1. Flowing back ; ebbin fe . 

2. Flowing back ; returning. 
RE'FLUX, n. [Fr. ; L. refluxus.] A flowing back ; the re- 
turning of a fluid. — Brown. 
RE-FOC'IL-LaTE (-fos'il-late), v. t. [It refocillare ; Sp. re 
focilar ; L. refocillo.] To refresh ; to revive ; to give new 
vigor to. [Little tised.] 
RE-FOC-IL-Li'TION, n. The act of refreshing or giving 
new vigor; restoration of strength by refreshment. [Rare^] 
RE-FO-MENT', v. t. [re and foment.] 1. To foment anew ; 

to warm or cherish again. 2. To excite anew. 
RE-FO-MENT'ED, pp. Fomented or incited anew. 
RE-FO-MENT'ING, ppr. Fomenting anew ; exciting again 
RE-FORM', v. t. [Fr. reformer; L. reformo.] 1. To change 
from worse to better ; to bring back to a former good 
state, or to bring from a bad to a good state. 2. Tc 
change from bad to good ; to remove that which is bad oi 
corrupt. — Syn. To amend ; correct ; emend ; rectify ; 
mend ; repair ; better ; improve ; restore ; reclaim. 

RE-FORM', v. i. To abandon that which is evil or corrupt 
and return to a good state ; to be amended or corrected. 

Re'-FORM', v. t. [re and form.] To form again ; to create 
or shape anew. 

RE-FORM', n. A changing for the better ; a reforming ol 
what is defective, vicious, corrupt or depraved.— Syn. 
Reformation ; amendment ; rectification ; correction. 

REF-OR-Ma'DO, n. [Sp.] 1. A monk adhering to the ref- 
ormation of his order. — Weever. 2. An officer retained in 
his regiment when his company is disbanded. — Ben Jonson. 

t RE-FORM'AL-lZE, v. i. To aft'ect reformation ; to pretend 
to correctness. — Lee. 

REF-OR-Ma'TION, n. 1. The act of reforming, or chang- 
ing for the better, life, manners, or any thing vicious or 
corrupt. Dryden. — 2. By way of eminence, the change ol 
religion in the European churches to its primitive purity, 
begun by Luther, A.D. 1517. — Syn. Reform; amendment; 
correction; rectification. 

Re-FOR-Ma'TION, n. The act of forming anew ; a second 
forming in order. — Mitford. 

RE-FORM'A-Ti VE, a. Forming again ; having the quality 
of renewing form. — Good. 

RE-FORM' A-TO-RY, a. Tending to produce reformation. 

RE-FORMED' (re-formd'), pp. or a. 1. Restored to a good 
state ; amended ; corrected.— 2. a. In ecclesiastical history, 
a term denoting, in its widest sense, all who separated 
from the Roman Catholic Church at the era of the Refor- 
mation. In a more specific sense, it denotes those who 
separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantia- 
tion, &c, and carried the reformation, as they claimed, to 
a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them 
in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany 
were called the Reformed churches. — Encyc. Am. 

RE-FORMED', pp. Formed anew. 

RE-FORM'ER, n. 1. One who effects a reformation or 
amendment. 2. One of those who commenced the ref- 
ormation of religion in the sixteenth century. 

RE-FORM'ING, ppr. or a. Correcting what is wrong; amend 
ing ; restoring to a good state. 

RE'-FORM'ING,^r. Forming anew. 

RE-FORM'IST, n. 1. One who is of the reformed religion 
2. One who proposes or favors a reform. 

RE-FOR-TI-FI-Ga'TION, n. A fortifying a second time 

RE-FOR'TI-FlED, pp. Fortified anew. 

RE-FOR'TI-FY, v. t. [re and fortify.] To fortify anew. 

RE-FORTI-FT-ING, ppr. Fortifying again. 

RE-FOS'SION r-fosh'un), n. The act of digging up — Bp. Hall. 

RE-FOUND', v. t. [re and found.] To found or cast anew 

RE-FOUND'ED, pp. Founded again. 

RE-FOUND'ER, n. One who refounds. 

RE-FOUND'ING, ppr. Founding again. 

RE-FRAGT', v. t. [L. refractus.] To break the natural 
course of the rays of light; to cause to deviate from a di 
rect course. 

RE-FRAGT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Turned from a direct course 
as rays of light.— 2. a. In botany and conchology, bent back 
at an acute angle. 

RE-FRAGTING, ppr. 1. Turning from a direct course. 2 
a. That turns rays from a direct course.— Refracting tele 
scope. See Telescope. 



* See Synopsis. 1. E. I, &c, long.—H, E , I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mi) VE, BOOK 



REF 



831 



REG 



RE-FRACTION, n. In optics, the change in the direction 
of a ray of light caused by the difference of density in the 
medium or mediums through which it passes. — Refrac- 
tion, in mechanics, is more commonly called deflection, 
which see.— Double refraction, the refracting of light in 
two directions, and consequent production of two distinct 
images. 

RE-FRA€T'lVE, a. That refracts, or has power to refract 
or turn from a direct course ; pertaining to refraction. 

RE-FRACT'O-RI-LY, adv. In a refractory manner. 

RE-FRACT'O-RI-NESS, n. [from refractory.} 1. Perverse 
or sullen obstinacy in opposition or disobedience.— 2. Ap- 
plied to metals, difficulty of fusion. 

RE-FRA€T'0-RY, a. [Fr. refractaire ; L. refractarius.] 1. 
Sullen or stiff in opposition or disobedience ; a3, a refract- 
ory pupil or son. 2. Difficult or impossible to be man- 
aged; obstinately unyielding, as a horse. — 3. Applied to 
metals, difficult of fusion ; not easily yielding to the force 
of heat. — Syn. Perverse ; contumacious ; unruly ; stub- 
born ; obstinate ; ungovernable ; unmanageable. 

RE-FRACTO-RY, n. 1. A person obstinate in opposition 
or disobedience. 2. Obstinate opposition ; [obs.] 

* RE-FRa'GA-BLE or REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. [L. refragor.] 
That may be refuted, that is, broken. 

RE-FRaIN', v. t. [Fr. refrener ; It. rinfrcnare ; L. refra.no.] 
To hold back ; to restrain ; to keep from action. 

RE-FRaIN', v. i. To keep one's self from action or inter- 
ference. — Syn. To hold back ; forbear ; abstain ; withhold. 

RE-FRaIN', n. [Fr. refrein.] The burden of a song ; a kind 
of musical repetition. — Mason. 

RE-FRIINED' (re-frand'), pp. Held back ; restrained. 

RE-FRaIN'ING, ppr. Holding back; forbearing. 

Re-FRaME', v. t. [re and frame.] To frame again. 

Re-FRaMED', pp. Framed anew. 

Re-FRaM'ING, ppr. Framing again. 

RE-FRAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, n. The disposition of rays of light 
to be refracted or turned out of a direct course, in passing 
out of one transparent body or medium into another. 

RE-FRAN'Gl-BLE, a. [L. re and f range] Capable of being 
refracted or turned out of a direct course in passing from 
one medium to another, as rays of light. 

REF-RE-Ni'TION, n. The act of restraining. 

RE-FRESH', v. t. [Fr. rafraichir ; It. rinfrescare ; Sp., Port. 
refrescar.] 1. To make cool ; to allay heat. 2. To give 
new strength to ; to relieve after fatigue. 3. To give new 
animation after depression ; as, to refresh the mind. 4. To 
improve by new touches any thing impaired. — Dryden. 
5. To give life to what is drooping, as vegetation. — Syn. 
To cool ; refrigerate ; invigorate ; revive ; reanimate ; ren- 
ovate ; renew : restore ; recreate ; enliven ; cheer. 

f RE-FRESH', n. Act of refreshing.— -Daniel. 

RE-FRESHED' (re-freshf ), pp. Cooled ; invigorated j re- 
vived; cheered. 

RE-FRESH'ER. n. He or that which refreshes, revives, or 
invigorates. — Thomson. 

RE-FRESH'ING, ppr. or a. Cooling ; invigorating ; reviv- 
ing; reanimating. 

iiE-FRESH'ING, n. 1. Refreshment ; relief after fatigue or 
suffering. — Mortimer. 2. Refreshment in spiritual things. 
— Acts, iii., 19. 

RE-FRESH'ING-LY, adv. So as to refresh or give new life. 

RE-FRESH'ING-NESS, n. The quality of refreshing. 

RE-FRESH'MENT, n. 1. Act of refreshing, or new strength 
or vigor received after fatigue ; relief after suffering. 2. 
New life or animation after depression. 3. That which 
gives fresh strength or vigor, as food or rest. 

RE-FRET, n. The burden of a song.— Diet. 

^IE-FRI6'ER-ANT, a. Cooling ; allaying heat. 

RE-FRlG'ER-ANT, n. Among physicians, a medicine which 
abates heat or cools. 

RE-FRlG'ER-ITE, v. t. [L. refrigero.] To cool ; to allay the 
heat of; to refresh. — Bacon. 

RE-FRlG'ER-I-TED, pp. Cooled. 

RE-FRlG'ER-I-TING, ppr. Allaying heat ; cooling. 

RE-FRIG-ER-A'TION, n. The act of cooling ; abatement of 
heat ; state of being cooled. — Bacon. 

RE-FRlG'ER-A-TiVE, a. Cooling. 

RE-FRlG'ER-A-TiVE, n. A remedy that allays heat. . 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TOR n. 1. An air-tight box for keeping ar- 
ticles cool in summer by means of ice. 2. An apparatus 
for rapid cooling connected with a still, &c. — Francis. 

RE-FRlG'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Cooling; mitigating heat. 
RE-FRIG'ER-A-TO-RY, n. 1. In distillation, a vessel filled 
with cold water, through which the worm passes, by which 
means the vapors are condensed as they pass through the 
worm. 2. Any thing internally cooling. 
* REF-RI-GE'RI-UM, n. [L.] Cooling refreshment; refrig- 
eration. — South. 

REFT, pp. of reave. 1. Deprived ; bereft.— Shak. 2. prct. 
of reave. Taken away. — Spenser. 
HEFT, n. A chink. See Rift. 

REFUGE, n. [Fr. ; L. refugium, refugio.] 1. Protection from 
danger or distress. 2. That which shelters or protects 



from danger, distress, or calamity ; a strong-hold ; nnj 
place inaccessible to an enemy. 3. An expedient to se 
cure protection or defense. 4. Expedient, in generaL— 
Syn. Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert. 

REF'UGE, v. t. To shelter ; to protect. 

t REF'UGE, v. i. To take refuge.— Sir J. Finett. 

REF-U-6EE', n. [Fr. refugiL] 1. One who flies to a shelter 
or place of safety. — Dryden. 2. One who, in times of per- 
secution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power 
or country for safety. 

RE-FUL'GENCE, \n. [L.refulgens.] A flood of light ; splen 

RE-FUL'GEN-CY, 5 dor. 

RE-FUL'GENT, a. Casting a bright light ; shining ; splendid. 

RE-FUL'GENT-LY, adv. With a flood of light ; with great 
brightness. 

RE-FUND', v. t. [L. refundo.] 1. To pour back. 2. To re- 
pay ; to return in payment or compensation for what haa 
been taken ; to restore. 

RE-FUND'ED. pp. Poured back; repaid. 

E.E-FUND'ER, n. One who repays what is received. 

R,E-FUND'ING, ppr. Pouring back ; returning by payment 
or compensation. 

RE-FUR'BISH, v. t. To furbish a second time. 

RE-FURBISHED (-furTrisht), pp. Furbished again. 

RE-FUR'BISH-ING, ppr. Furbishing again. 

RE-FuS'A-BLE, a. That may be refused. 

RE-Fu'SAL, n. 1. The act of refusing; denial of any thing 
demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance. 2. The 
right of taking in preference to others ; the choice of tak- 
ing or refusing ; option ; pre-emption. 

RE-FuSE', v. t. [Fr. refuser; Port, refusar.] 1. To deny a 
request, demand, invitation, or command ; to decline to do 
or grant what is solicited, claimed, or commanded. 2. To 
decline to accept what is offered. 3. To reject, as reproof- 
—Prov., x., 17. 

RE-FuSE', v. i. To decline to accept ; not to comply. 
REF'USE (ref'yuse), a. [Fr. refus.} Literally, refused ; re- 
jected ; hence, worthless ; of no value ; left as unworthy 
of reception. 

REF'USE, n. That which is refused or rejected a3 use- 
less; waste matter. Addison. — Syn. Dregs; sediment; 
scum ; recrement ; dross ; trash. 

t RE-FuSE', n. Refusal.— Fairfax. 

RE-Fu@ED' (re-fuzd'), pp. Denied ; rejected ; not accepted 

RE-FuS'ER, n. One who refuses or rejects.— Taylor. 

RE-FuS'ING, ppr. Denying; declining to accept ; rejecting 

RE-Fu'TA-BLE, a. That may be refuted or disproved ; that 
may be proved false or erroneous. 

t RE-Fu'TAL, a. Refutation. 

REF-U-Ta'TION, n. [L. refuiatio.] The act or process of 
refuting or disproving ; the act of proving to be false or 
erroneous ; confutation ; disproof. 

RE-FO'TA-TO-RY, a. Tending to refute. 

RE-FuTE', v. t. [Fr. refuter ; L. refuto.} To overthrow by 
argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to 
be false or erroneous. — Syn. To disprove ; confute ; repel 

RE-FuTED, pp. Disproved ; proved to be false or errone 
ous. 

RE-FuT'ER, n. One who refutes. 

RE-FuT'ING, ppr. Proving to be false or erroneoxis ; con 
futing. 

RE-GaIN', v. t. [re and gain ; Fr. regagncr.] To gain anew , 
to obtain again what has escaped or been lost — Syn. To 
recover ; reobtain : repossess ; retrieve. 

RE-GaINED' (re-gand'), pp. Recovered ; gained anew. 

RE-GaIN'ING, ppr. Gaining anew ; recovering. 

Re'GAL, a. [Fr. ; L. regalis^} Pertaining to a king ; kingly , 
royal ; as, a regal title. 

RE'GAL, n. [Fr. regale.] A musical instrument, a small 
portable finger organ. — Bacon. [Disused.] 

RE-Ga'LE, n. [L.] The prerogative of monarchy. 

RE-GaLE', n. A magnificent entertainment or treat given 
to embassadors and other persons of distinction. 

RE-GILE', v. t. [Fr. regaler ; Sp. regalar.} To refresh ; to 
entertain with something that delights ; to gratify, as the 
senses. 

RE-GaLE', v. i. To feast ; to fare sumptuously. — Shenstons. 

RE-GALED'(re-gald'),£p. Refreshed; entertained; gratified. 

RE-GaLE'MENT, n. Refreshment ; entertainment ; grati- 
fication. 

RE-Ga'LI-A, n. pi. [L.] 1. Ensigns of royalty ; the appara- 
tus of a coronation ; the crown, sceptre, &c. — 2. In law, 
the rights and prerogatives of a king. — 3. Regalia of a 
church, the privileges granted to it by kings ; sometimes, 
its patrimony. — Brande. 

RE-GaLING, ppr. Refreshing ; entertaining ; gratifying. 

RE-GAL'I-TY, n. [from L. regalis ; It. rcaltd; Fr. royautc.] 
Royalty ; sovereignty ; kingship. — Bacon. 

RE'GAL-LY, adv. In a royal manner. — Milton. 

RE-GaRD', v. t. [Fr. regarder ; It. riguardarc.} 1. To look 
toward ; to point or be directed toward. — Sandys. 2. To 
notice with some particularity. 3. To attend to with re 
spect and estimation. 4. To attend to as a thing that af 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



REG 



832 



RiLia 



fects our interest or happiness ; to fix the mind on as a 
matter of importance. 5. To hold in respect and affec- 
tion, as a friend. (>. To ke^p with religious or solemn at- 
tention, as the Sabbath. 7. To attend to as something to 
influence our conduct. 8. To bestow serious considera- 
tion on ; to lay to heart. 9. To notice with pity or con- 
cern. 10. To notice favorably or with acceptance ; to hear 
and answer, as prayer. 11. To love and hold in esteem ; 
to practice, as iniquity. — Ps. lxvi., 18. 12. To have relation 
to or bearing on, as a point in debate ; [rare.] — To regard 
the person, to value for outward honor, wealth, or power. 
Matt., xxii. — Syn. To consider ; observe ; remark ; heed ; 
mind ; respect ; esteem ; estimate ; value. 

RE-GARD', n. [Fr. regard ; It. riguardo.] 1. Look ; aspect 
directed to another; [rare.] 2. Attention of the mind 
with a feeling of interest ; as, a regard for the welfare of 
others. 3. That view of the mind which springs from 
value, estimable qualities, or any thing that excites ad- 
miration. 4. Note ; eminence ; account ; as, a man of 
meanest regard.— Spenser. 5. Matter demanding notice. 
6. Prospect; object of sight; [obs.] — 7. In the English 
forest laws, view; inspection. — In regard to, with refer- 
ence to; as to. — In regard of is little used. — Syn. Consid- 
eration ; notice ; observance ; heed ; care ; concern ; re- 
spect ; estimation ; esteem ; attachment ; reverence. 

RE-GIRD A.-BLE, a. Observable ; worthy of notice. 

RE-GARD'ANT, a. 1. In law, a villain regardant is one an- 
nexed to the manor or land. — 2. In heraldry, looking be- 
hind, as a lion or other beast. 

RE-GARD'ED, pp. Noticed ; observed ; esteemed ; re- 
spected. 

RE-GARD'ER, n. 1. One who regards.— 2. In English law, 
the regarder of the forest was an officer whose business 
was to view the forest, inspect the officers, and inquire of 
all offenses and defaults. 

RE-GARD'FUL, a. Taking notice ; observing with care. 
South. — Syn. Mindful; heedful ; attentive ; observant. 

RE-GARD'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively ; needfully. 2. Re- 
spectfully. — Shak. 

RE-GARD'ING, ppr. 1. Noticing ; considering with care ; 
attending to ; observing ; esteeming ; caring for. 2. Re- 
specting ; concerning ; relating to. 

RE-GARD'LESS, a. 1. Not looking or attending to. 2. Not 
regarded ; slighted. Spectator ; [rare.] — Syn. Heedless ; 
negligent ; careless ; indifferent ; unconcerned ; inatten- 
tive ; unobservant ; neglectful. 

RE-GaRD'LESS-LY, adv. Heedlessly ; carelessly ; negli- 
gently. 

RE-GARD'LESS-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; inattention ; neg- 
ligence. — Whitlock. 

Re-GATH'ER, v. t. To gather or collect a second time. 

Re-GATH'ER£D, pp. Collected again. 

Rk-GATH'ER-ING, ppr. Gathering a second time. 

RE-GAT'TA, n. [It. regatta.] A rowing match between a 
number of boats. 

Re'GEL, In. A fixed star of the first magnitude in Orion's 

Rl'GEL, 5 left foot.— Brande. 

Re'GEN-CY, n. [L. regens.] 1. Rule ; authority ; govern- 
ment 2. The state or condition of a regent. 3. Vicari- 
ous government. 4. The district under the jurisdiction 
of a vicegerent. 5. The body of men intrusted with vica- 
rious government. 

RE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being regenerated. 

RE-GEN'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. regenero.] 1. To generate or 
produce anew ; to form into a new and better state. — 2. 
In theology, to renew the heart by a change of affections ; 
to implant holy affections in the heart. — Scott. 

RE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. [L. regentratus.] 1. Reproduced. 2. 
Born anew ; renovated in heart ; changed from a natural 
to a spiritual state. — Milton. 

RE aEN'ER-A-TED, pp. or a. 1. Rep' rnduced. 2. Renewed ; 
born again. 

RE-GEN'ER-ATE-NESS, n. The state of bei^g regenerated. 

RE-gEN'ER-a-TING, ppr. or a. 1. Reproducing ; forming 
into a new and better state. 2. Renovating the ncare by 
the implantation of holy affections in the heart. 

RE-GEN-ER-I'TION, n. 1. Reproduction ; the act of form- 
ing into a new and better state. — 2. In theology, new birth 
by the grace of God. 

R.E-GENER-A-TO-RY, a. Renewing; having the power to 
renew : .ending to reproduce or renovate. — Faber. 

Re'GENT, a. [L. regens.] 1. Ruling ; governing. 2. Exer- 
cising vicarious authority. — Milton. 

Re'GENT, n. 1. A governor ; a ruler. 2. One invested with 
vicarious authority ; one who governs a kingdom in the 
minority, absence, or disability of the king.— 3. In English 
universities, the Regents, or Regentes, are members of the 
university who have certain peculiar duties of instruction 
or government. At Cambridge? all resident Masters of 
Arts of less than five years' standing, and Doctors of less 
than two, are Regents. At Oxford, the period of regency 
is shorter. At both universities, those of a more advanced 
standing, who keep their names on the college books, are 



called Non-Regents. At Cambridge, the Regents compos? 
the Upper House, and the Non-Regents the Lower House 
of the Senate or governing body. At Oxford, the Regents 
compose the Congregation, which confers degrees and 
does the ordinary business of the university. The Re 
gents and Non-Regents, collectively, compose the Convoca- 
tion, which is the governing body in the last resort. Camb 
Cal. — Oxf. Guide.— 4. In the State of New York, the membei 
of a corporate body which is invested with the superin 
tendence of all the colleges, academies, and schools in tht 
state. 

RE'GENT-ESS, n. A protectress of a kingdom.— Cotgrave. 

Re'gENT-SHIP, n. - 1. The power of governing, or the office 
of a regent. 2. Deputed authority. 

RE-gERM'IN-aTE, v. i. [re and germinate.] To germinate 
again. — Lee. 

Re-GERM'IN-a-TING, ppr. Germinating anew. 

Re-GERM-IN-a'TION, n. A sprouting or germination anew. 

t RE-GEST', n. A register.— Milton. 

t REG'1-BLE, a. Governable.— Diet. 

REG'I-ClDE, n. [It., Sp. regicida; Fr. regicide.] 1. One 
who intentionally kills a king. 2. The intentional killinf 
of a king. 3. A name of reproach given to the judges who 
condemned King Charles I. of England. 

RE-GiME' (ra-zheem'), n. [Fr.] Mode of living; govern- 
ment ; administration. 

REG'I-MEN, 7i. [L.] 1. In medicine, the regulation of diet 
with a view to the preservation or restoration of health. 
2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to pro- 
duce beneficial effects by gradual operation. — 3. In gram- 
mar, government ; that part of syntax or construction 
which regulates the dependency of words ; the words 
governed. 4. Orderly government ; system of order. 

REG'I-MENT, n. [L. regimen.] 1. In military affairs, a body 
of men consisting of a number of companies, usually 8 oi 
10, commanded either by a colonel or lieutenant-colonel, 
and by a major. 2. Government ; mode of ruling ; rule ; 
authority. — Hooker ; [obs.] 

REG'I-MENT, v. t. To form into a regiment or into regi- 
ments with proper officers. — Smollet. 

REG-I-MENT'AL, a Belonging to a regiment. 

REG-I-MENTALS, n. pi. The uniform worn by the troops 
of a regiment. 

REg'1-MENT-ED, pp. Formed into a regiment ; incopora- 
ted with a regiment. — Washington. 

RE'GION (re'jun), n. [Fr., Sp. region ; It. regione ; L. rcgio.] 
1. A tract of land or space of indefinite extent ; usually a 
tract of considerable extent. 2. The inhabitants of a re- 
gion of country. — Matt., hi. 3. A part of the body. 4. 
Place ; rank. — Shak. ; [rare.] — Syn. District ; country ; 
territory ; quarter ; division ; portion. 

REg'IS-TER, n. [Fr. registre, regitre ; Low L. registrum.] 1. 
A written account or entry of acts, judgments, or proceed- 
ings, for preserving and conveying to future times an ex- 
act knowledge of transactions. The word appropriately 
denotes an official account of the proceedings of a public 
body, a prince, a legislature, a court, an incorporated com 
pany, and the like, and in this use it is synonymous with 
record. 2. The book in which a register or record is kept ; 
as, a parish register. 3. [Low L. registrarius.] The officer 
or person whose business is to write or enter in a book 
accounts of transactions. 4. A lid, stopper, or sliding 
plate, in a furnace, stove, &c, for regulating the admis- 
sion of air and the heat of the fire. 5. The inner part of 
the mold in which types are cast— 6. In printing, the 
correspondence of columns on the opposite sides of the 
sheet. 7. A sliding piece of wood, used as a stop in an 
organ. — 8. In commerce, a document issued by the custom- 
house, containing a description of a vessel, its name, ton- 
nage, country, ownership, &c, always to be kept on board 
on a foreign voyage as evidence of its nationality. Coast- 
ing-vessels are enrolled, not registered. Bouvier. — Syn. 
List ; catalogue ; roll ; record ; archive ; chronicle ; annaL 

REG'IS-TER v. t. 1. To record ; to write in a book for pre 
serving an exact account of facts and proceedings. 2. TV> 
enroll ; to enter in a list. 

REG'IS-TERSD, pp. or a. Recorded ; enrolled. 

REG'IS-TER-ING, ppr. Recording; enrolling. 

REG'IS-TER-SHIP, n. The office of register. 

REGlS-TRAR, \n. A secretary or register; especially, 

REG'IS TRA-RY, 5 an officer in the English universities. 
who has the keeping of all the public records. 

REg'IS-TRAR-SHIP, n. The office of registrar. 

REg-IS-TRa'TION, n. The act of inserting in a register. 

REG'IS-TRY, n. L The act of recording or writing in a 
register ; enrollment. 2. The place where a register is 
kept. 3. A series of facts recorded. 

RE'GI-UM DO 'NUM. [L.J The royal gift; a sum of mon- 
ey granted yearly by the English crown in aid of the 
Presbyterian clergy of Ireland.— Brande. 

RE'GI-US PRO-FESS'OR, n. [L.J A name given to the in- 
cumbents of those professorships which have been found 
ed by royal bounty. — Brands ____^__ 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ,— MOVE, BOOK 



REG 



833 



RE I 






* REG'L.£-MENT. n. [Fr.] Regulation.— Bacon. 

HEG'LET, n. [Fr.] 1. A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly 
to separate the parts or members of compartments or 
panels from one another, or to form knots, frets, or other 
ornaments. — Gwilt. 2. A ledge of wood exactly planed, 
used by printers to separate lines and make the work 
more open. It is thicker than a lead, and is used for the 
same purpose. 

REG'NAN-CY, n. Reign ; predominance. 

REG'NANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Reigning ; exercising regal author- 
ity ; as, a queen regnant. 2. Ruling ; predominant ; prev- 
alent; having the chief power. — Swift. 

RE-GORGE' (re-gorf), v. t. [Fr. regoi^cr.) 1. To vomit up ; 
to eject from the stomach ; to fb»-ow back or out again. 
2. To swallow again. 3. To swall<-w eagerly. 

RE-GORG.ED', pp. Ejected again from the stomach or a 
deep place. 

VRE-GRaDE', v. i. [L. regredior.] To retire ; to go back. 

Re-GRaFT', v. t. [re and graft.) To graft again. 

R£-GRaFT'ED, pp. Grafted again. 

Re-GRaFTING, ppr. Grafting anew. 

RE-GRXNT, v. t. [re and grant.] To grant back.— Ayliffe. 

Re-GRaNT, n. The act of granting back to a former pro- 
prietor. 

Re-GRaNT'ED, pp. Granted back. 

Re-GRaNT'ING, ppr. Granting back. 

RE-GRaTE', v. t. [Fr. regratter.] 1. In masonry, to remove 
the outer surface of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a 
fresh appearance. 2. To offend ; to shock ; [rare.) 3. To 
buy provisions and sell them again in the same market or 
fair; a practice which, by raising the. price, is a public of- 
fense and punishable. — Regrating differs from engrossing 
and monopolizing, which signify the buying the whole of 
certain articles, or large quantities, and from forestalling, 
which signifies the purchase of provisions on the way, be- 
fore they reach the market. 

RE-GRaT'ER, n. One who buys provisions and sells them 
in the same market or fair. 

RE-GRaT'ING, ppr. Purchasing provisions and selling them 
in the same market. 

RE-GRaT'ING, n. In masonry, the process of removing the 
outer surface of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh 
appearance. — Gwilt. 

Rli-GREET, v. t. [re and greet.) To greet again ; to re- 
salute. 

RE-GREET', n. A return or exchange of salutation. 

RE-GREET'ED, pp. Greeted again in return. 

Re-GREET'ING, ppr. Greeting again ; resaluting. 

RE'GRESS, n. [Fr. regres ; L. regressus.) 1. Passage back ; 
return. 2. The power of returning or passing back. 

RE-GRESS', v. i. To go back ; to return to a former place 
or state. — Brown. 

RE-GRES'SION (re-gresh'un), n. The act of passing back 
or returning ; retrogression ; retrogradation. — Brown. 

RE-GRESS'lVE, a. Passing back ; returning. 

RE-GRESS'lVE-LY, adv. In a backward way or manner ; 
by return. — Johnson. 

RE-GRET, n. [Fr. regret.) 1. Pain of mind at some un- 
toward event. 2. Pain of conscience for some fault. 3. 
Dislike; aversion; [obs.] — Syn. Grief; concern ; sorrow ; 
lamentation ; repentance ; penitence ; remorse ; self-con- 
demnation. 

RE-GRET, v. t. [Fr. regretter.) 1. To remember with sor- 
row ; to be sorry for. 2. To be uneasy at ; [obs.] — Syn. 
To grieve at ; lament ; sorrow ; rue ; repent ; bewail ; be- 



RE-GRETFUL, a. Full of regret.— Fanshaw. 

RE-GRETTUL-LY, adv. With regret.— Greenhill. 

RE-GRETTED, pp. Lamented. 

RE-GRETTING, ppr. Lamenting ; grieving at ; repenting. 

t RE-GUeRD'ON (re-gerd'un), n. [re, and Fr. guerdon.) A 
reward ; a recompense. — Shalt. 

f RE-GUeRD'ON (re-gerd'un), v. t. To reward.— Shak. 

REG'U-LAR, a. [Sp. regular ; Fr. regulier ; L. regularis.] 
1. Conformed to a rule ; agreeable to an established rule, 
law, or principle, to a prescribed mode or to established 
customary forms. 2. Governed by rule or rules ; steady 
or uniform in a course or practice. — 3. In geometry, a reg- 
ular figure is one whose sides and angles are equal, as a 
square, a cube, or an equilateral triangle.— A regular body, 
or solid, is one comprehended by like, equal, and regular 
plane figures, and whose solid angles are all equal. The 
five regular solids are also called Platonic bodies. [See 
Platonic] 4. Instituted or initiated according to estab- 
lished forms or discipline. 5. Methodical ; orderly. 6. 
Periodical. 7. Pursued with uniformity or steadiness. 8. 
Belonging to a monastic order. — Regular troops, troops of 
a permanent army ; opposed to militia. 

.1EGU-LAR, n. 1. In the Roman Catholic Church, a mem- 
ber of any religious order who has taken the vows of pov- 
erty, chastity, and obedience, and who has been solemnly 
recognized by the Church.— Bp. Fitzpatrick. 2. A soldier 
belonging to a permanent army. 



REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. 1. Agrecablenesj to a rule or to es 
tablished order. 2. Method ; certain order. 3. Conform- 
ity to certain principles. 4. .Steadiness or uniformity in a 
course. 

REG'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a manner accordant to a rul<- 
or established mode. 2. In uniform order; at certain in 
tervals or periods. 3. Methodically ; in due order. 

REG'U-LaTE, v. t. 1. To render accordant with rule, meth- 
od, or established mode. 2. To put in good order. 3, To 
subject to rules or restrictions. — Syn. To adjust; dic-noive; 
methodize; arrange; direct; order; rule; govern. 

REG'U-La-TED, pp. Adjusted by rule, method, or forma , 
put in good order; subjected to rules or restrictions. 

REG'U-L A-TING, ppr. Adjusting by rule, method, or forms , 
reducing to order ; subjecting to rules or restrictions. 

REG-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of regulating or reducing 
to order. 2. A rule or order prescribed by a superior for 
the management of some business, or for the government 
of a company or society. 

REG'U-LA-TIVE, a. Regulating; tending to regulate. 

REG'U-La-TOR n. 1. One who regulates. 2. The small 
spring of a watch, which regulates its motions, by retard- 
ing or accelerating them. 3. Any part of a machine which 
regulates its movements. 

REG'U-LlNE, a. Pertaining to rcgulus or pure metal. 

REGU-LlZE, v. t. To reduce to regulus or pure metal ; to 
separate pure metal from extraneous matter. 

REG'U-LlZJED, pp. Reduced to pure metal. 

REGU-LlZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to pure metal. 

REG'U-LUS, n. [L. ; Fr. regule. For the plural, some au 
thors write rcguli, and others reguluscs.) 1. In chemistry, 
the pure metal which, in melting ores, falls to the bottom 
of the crucible ; as, regulus of antimony. — 2. In astronomy, 
a star of the first magnitude, in the constellation Leo ; 
called, also, the Lio?i's heart. 

RE-GUR'Gl-TITE, v. t. [Fr. regorger.) To throw or pour 
back, as from a deep or hollow place ; to pour or throw 
back in great quantity. 

RE-GUR'gI-TaTE, v. i. To be thrown or poured back.— 
Harvey. 

RE-GUR'gI-Ta-TED pp. Thrown or poured back. 

RE-GUR'GI-Ta-TING, ppr. Throwing or pouring back. 

RE-GUR-gI-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of pouring back. 2 
The act of swallowing again ; reabsorption. 

RE-HA-BIL'I-TITE, v. t. [Fr. rehabiliter.) To restore to a 
former capacity ; to reinstate ; to qualify again ; to restore, 
as a delinquent to a former right, rank, or privilege lost 
or forfeited. 

RE-I-IA-BIL'I-TI-TED, pp. Restored to a former rank, 
right, privilege, or capacity ; reinstated. 

RE-HA-B1L'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Restoring to a former right, 
rank, privilege, or capacity ; reinstating. 

RE-HA-BIL-I-TI'TION, n. The act of reinstating in a for 
merrank or capacity ; restoration to former rights. 

Re-HeAR', v. t. ; pret. and pp. reheard, [re and hear.) To 
hear again ; to try a second time. 

Re-He ARD' (-herd'), pp. Heard again. See Heard. 

R,e-HeAR'ING, ppr. Hearing a second time. 

Re-HeAR'ING, n. 1. A second hearing. Addison. — 2. In 
law, a second hearing or trial. 

RE-HeARS'AL (re-hers'al), n. 1. Recital; repetition of the 
words of another or of a written work. 2. Narration ; a 
telling or recounting, as of particulars in detail. 3. The 
recital of a piece before the public exhibition of it. 

RE-HeARSE' (re-hers'), v. t. 1. To repeat the words of a 
passage or composition; to repeat the words of another 

2. To give an oral account of events or transactions. 3. 
To repeat in private for experiment aim improvement^ 
before a public representation. — Syn. To recite ; recapit- 
ulate ; recount ; detail ; describe ; tell ; relate ; narrate. 

RE-HEARSiJD'O'e-herst'),^. Recited; repeated, as words 

narrated. 
RE-HeARS'ER (re-hers'er), n. One who recites or nar 

rates. 
RE-HeARS'ING (re-her3'ing), ppr. Reciting ; repeating 

words : recounting ; telling ; narrating. 
ReI'GLE (re'gl), n. [Fr. regie.) A hollow cut or channel lot 

guiding any thing. — Carcw. 
REIGN (rane), v. i. [L. regno ; Fr. regner ; It. regnare ; Sp 

reynar.) 1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or 

authority ; to exercise government, as a king or emperor ; 

or to hold the supreme power. 2. To be predominant 

3. To have superior or uncontrolled dominion. Rom., vi. 
— Syn. To rule ; govern ; direct ; control ; prevail. 

REIGN (rane), n. [Fr. regne; L. rcgnum.) 1. Roya. au- 
thority ; supreme power ; sovereignty ; supremacy. 2. 
The time during which a king, queen, or emperor pos 
sesses the supreme authority. 3. Kingdom ; empire ; do 
minion. 4. Power ; influence. 5. Prevalence. 

REIGN'ER (ran'er), n. Ruler.— Sherwood. 

REIGNING (ran'ing), ppr. or a. 1. Holding or exercising 
supreme power ; ruling ; governing, as king, queen, or - 
emperor. 2. a. Predominating; prevailing. 



T)6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 

G G G 



REI 



834 



RE J 



^{tLl'SSTEj^- To enlighten again. 

RE IL-LU-MIN-A'TION, n. Ac.t of enlightening again. 

RE-IM-BaRK'. See Re-embark. 

RE-IM-BOD'Y, v. i. [re and imbody.) To imbody again. See 

Re-embody. 
RE-IM-BURS'A-BLE, a. That may be repaid.— Hamilton. 
RE-IM-BURSE' (re-im-burs'), v. t. [Fr. rembourser ; It. rim- 
borsare.] To refund ; to replace in a treasury or in a 
private cofter, an equivalent to the sum taken from it, 
lost, or expended. 
RE-IM-BURS .ED' (re-im-burstf), pp. Repaid ; refunded ; 

made good, as loss or expense. 
RE-IM-BURSE'MENT (re-im-burs'ment), n. The act of re- 
paying or refunding ; repayment. — Hamilton. 
RE-IM-BURS'ER, n. One who repays or refunds what has 

been lost or expended. 
RE-IM-BURSTNG, ppr. Repaying ; refunding ; making 

good, as loss or expense. 
RE-IM-PLANT', v. t. [re and implant.] To implant again. 
RE-IM-PLANTED, pp. Implanted anew. 
RE-IM-PLANTING, ppr. Implanting again. 
RE-IM-POR-TuNE', v. t. [re and importune.] To importune 

again. 
RE-IM-POR-TUN.ED' (-por-tund'), pp. Importuned again. 
RE-IM-POR-TuN'ING, ppr. Importuning again. 
RE-IM-PREG'NaTE, v. t. [re and impregnate.] To impreg- 
nate again. — Brovm. 
RE-IM-PREG'Na-TED, pp. Impregnated again. 
RE-IM-PREG'NI-TING, ppr. Impregnating again. 
RE-IM-PRESS', v. t. [re and impress.] To impress anew. 
RE-IM -PRESSED' (re-im-presf), pp. Impressed again. 
RE-IM-PRESS'ING, ppr. Impressing again. 
RE-IM-PRES'SION (-im-presh'un), n. A second or repeated 

impression. 
RE-IM-PRINT', v. t. [re and imprint.] To imprint again. 
RE-IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Imprinted again. 
RE-IM-PRINTING, ppr. Imprinting anew. 
RE-IM-PRIS'ON (-priz'n), v. t. To imprison a second time. 
RE-IM-PRIS'ONJSD, pp. Imprisoned a second time. 
RE-IM-PRIS'ON-ING, ppr. Imprisoning a second time. 
RE-IM-PRIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of confining in prison 

a second time. 
REIN (rane), n. [Fr. rene, from resne.] 1. The strap of a 
bridle, fastened to the cur < or snaffle on each side, by 
which the rider of a horse restrains and governs him. 
2. The instrument of curbing, restraining, or governing ; 
government. — To give the reins, to give license ; to leave 
without restraint. — To take the reins, to take the guidance 
or government 
REIN (rane), v. t. To govern by a bridle. — Milton. 2. To 

restrain ; to control. — Shak. 
RE-IN-GUR', v. t. To incur a second time. 
RglN'DEER, n. [Sax. hrana. See Rane.] A ruminant 
mammal, of the deer kind, inhabiting the northern parts 
of both continents. In Europe, it is never found south of 
the Baltic, nor in America south of the St. Lawrence. 
REX'NEC-KE, n. [Ger., the fox.] A German epic poem, 

formerly celebrated throughout Europe. — Brande. 
REINJSD (rand), pp. Governed by a bridle ; controlled. 
RE-IN-FEGT', v. t. [re and infect.] To infect again. 
RE IN-FE€'TA. [L.] The thing not being done or ac- 
complished. 
RE-LN-FEGTED, pp. Infected again. 
RE-IN-FEGTING, ppr. Infecting again. 
RE-IN-FEG'TIOUS, a. Capable of infecting again. 
RE-IN-FoRCE', n. That part of a cannon near the breech, 
which is made stronger than the rest ; m~re properly, re- 
inforce. — Totten. 
RE-IN-FoRCE', v. t. [re and enforce.] To give new force 

to ; to strengthen by new assistance or support. 
RE-IN-FoRCE!)' (re-in-forsf) pp. Strengthened by addi- 
tional force. 
RE-IN-FoRCE'MENT, n. New force added ; fresh supplies 

of strength ; particularly, additional troops or ships. 
RE-IN-FoRC'ING, ppr. Adding fresh force to. 
RE-IN-FuSE' (-fuze'), v. t. To infuse again. 
RE-IN-GRa'TIITE (-shate), v. t. [re and ingratiate.] To in- 
gratiate again ; to recommend again to favor. — Herbert. 
RE-IN-GRa'TII-TED, pp. Reinstated in favor. 
RE-IN-GRa'TIa-TING, ppr. Ingratiating again. 
RE-IN-HABTT, v. t. [re and inkabit.] To inhabit again. 
RE-IN-HAB'IT-ED, pp. Inhabited again. 
RE-IN-HAB'IT-ING, ppr. Inhabiting a second time. 
REINING, ppr. Governing by a bridle ; controlling. 
REIN'LESS (rane1es), a. Without rein ; without restraint; 

unchecked. 
RE-IN-QJJlRE', v. t. To inquire a second time.— Brown. 
REINS (ranz), n. pi. [Fr. rein, rognon ; L. ren, renes.] 1. 
The kidneys ; the lower part of the back. — 2. In Scripture, 
th* inward parts ; the heart, or seat of the affections and 
passions. Psa. lxxiii. -\ Reins of a vault, the sides or 
walls that sustain the arch.— Gwilt. 



RE-IN-SERT, v. t. [re and insert.] To insert a second tin* 
RE-IN-SERTED, pp. Inserted again. 
RE-IN-SERTING, ppr. Inserting again. 
RE-IN-SERTION, n. A second insertion. 
RE-IN-SPEGT'. v. t. To inspect again, as provisions. 
RE-IN-SPE€T'ED, pp. Inspected again. 
RE-IN-SPEG'TION, n. The act of inspecting a second time 
RE-IN-SPlRE', v. t. [re and inspire.] To inspire anew. 
RE-IN-SPIR.ED' (re-in-spird'), pp. Inspired again. 
RE-IN-SPlR'ING, ppr. Inspiring again. 
RE-IN-SPlR'IT, v. t. To inspirit anew. 
RE-IN-STALL', v. t. To install again ; to seat anew. 
RE-IN-STALLJSD' (re-in-stawld'), pp. Installed anew. 
RE-IN-STALL'ING, ppr. Installing again. 
RE-IN-STALL'MENT, n. A second installment. 
RE-IN-STaTE', v. t. [re and instate.] To place again in 

possession or in a former state ; to restore to a state from 

which one had been removed. 
RE-IN-STaTED, pp. Replaced in possession or in a former 

state. 
RE-IN-STaTE'MENT, n. The act of putting in a former 

state ; re-establishment. — Marshall. 
RE-IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Replacing in a former state ; put 

ting again in possession. 
RE-IN-SOR'ANCE (re-in-shur'ans), n. [re and insurance.) 

An insurance of property already insured; a second in 

surance of the same property. 
RE-IN-SORE' (re-in-shure'), v. t. [re and insure.] To insure 

the same property a second time by other underwriters. 
RE-IN-SuR.ED' (re-in-shurd'), pp. Insured a second time 

by other persons. 
RE-IN-SuR'ING (re-in-shiir'ing), ppr. Insuring a second 

time by other persons. 
RE-IN'TE-GRa.TE, v. t. [Fr. reintegrer ; L. redintegro.] To 

renew with regard to any state or quality ; to restore 

[Little used.] See Redintegrate. 
RE-IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. A renewing or making whole 

again. See Redintegration. 
RE-IN-TER'RO-GaTE, v. t. [re and interrogate.] To inter- 
rogate again ; to question repeatedly. — Cotgrave. 
RE-IN-THRoNE', v. t. To replace on the throne. See Rr- 

ENTHRONE. 

t RE-LN-THRoNIZE, v. t. To reinthrone. 
RE-IN-TRO-DuCE', v. t. To introduce again. 
RE-IN-TRO-DU€'TION, n. A second introduction. 
RE-IN-UN'DXTE, v. t. To inundate again. 
RE-IN-VEST, v. t. [re and invest.] To invest anew. 
RE-IN- VESTED, pp. Invested again. 
RE-IN-VES'TI-GITE, v. t. To investigate again.— M. Stuart. 
RE-IN- VES-TI-Gi'TION, n. A second investigation. 
RE-IN-VESTTNG, ppr. Investing anew. 
RE-IN-VESTMENT, n. The act of investing anew ; a sec 

ond or repeated investment. 
RE-IN- VIGOR- aTE, v. t. To revive vigor in ; to reanimate, 
RElS-EF-FEN'Dl (rees-), n. A Turkish minister, or ratti- 
er, secretary of state. 
RE-IS'SuE (-ish'shu), v. t. To issu' a second time. 
RE-IS'SuE (-ish'shu), n. A second or repeated issue. 
RE-IS'SU-ED (-ish'shude). pp. Issued again, 
t REIT (reet), n. Sedge'; sea-weed.— Bailey. 
REl'TER (rifer), n. [Ger., a rider.] A name given to the 

German cavalry of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuriefl. 

— Brande. 
RE-ITER-XTE, v. t. [Fr. reiterer.] To repeat ; to repeat 

again and again. — Milton. 
RE-ITER-A-TED, pp. or a. Repeated again and again. 
RE-ITER-A-TING, ppr. Repeating again and again. 
RE-IT-ER-X'TION, n. Repetition.— Boyle. 
RE-ITER-A-TED-LY, adv. Repeatedly, 
RE-JEGT 7 , v. t. [L. rejicio, rejectus.] 1. To throw away, as 

any thing useless- or vile. 2. To cast off. 3. To cast off ; 

to forsake.— Jer., vii. 4. To refuse to receive. 5. To re- 
fuse to grant. 6. To refuse to accept. — Syn. To repel ; 

slight; despise; renounce; rebuff; decline. 
RE-JEGTA-BLE, a. That may be rejected. 
RE-JEG-TA-MENTA, n. pi. [from L. rejecto.] Things 

thrown out or away. — Fleming. [Ill-formed.] 
RE-JE€-TI'NE-OUS, a. Not chosen or received ; rejected. 

— More. 
RE-JEGTED, pp. or a. Thrown away ; cast off; refused ; 

slighted. 
RE-JEGTER, n. One who rejects or refuses.— Clarke. 
RE-JEGTING, ppr. Throwing away ; casting off; refusing 

to grant or accept ; slighting. 
RE-JEG'TION, n. [L. rejection The act of throwing away 

the act of casting off or forsaking ; refusal to accept or 

grant, 
t RE-JEG-Tl"TIOUS (re-jek-tish'us), a. That may be reject> 

ed or refused. 
RE-JEGTIVE, a. That rejects or tends to cast off. 
RE-JEGTMENT, n. Matter thrown away.— Eaton. 
RE-JOICE' (re-jois'). v. i. [Fr. rejouir, rejouissant ; Sp. rego~ 

cijar.] To experience joy and gladness in a hig h degre e ; 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e. i. &c, short —FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK, 



REL 



835 



REL 



to be exhilarated with lovely and pleasurable sensations. 
— Syn. To delight ; joy ; exult ; triumph. 

REJOICE' (re-jois'), v. t. To make joyful ; to animate with 
lh ely, pleasurable sensations. — Syn. To gladden ; please ; 
cheer; exhilarate; delight. 

\ RE-JOICE', n. Act of rejoicing. — Brown. 

RE-JOICSD' (re-joisf), pp. Made glad ; exhilarated. 

RE-JOIC'ER, n. One who rejoices.— Taylor. 

RE-JOIC'ING, ppr. or a. Animating with gladness ; exhil- 
arating ; feeling joy. 

RE-JOIC'ING, n. 1. The act of expressing joy and glad- 
ness. 2. The subject of joy. 3. The experience of joy. — 
Gal, vi. 

RE-JOIC'ING-LY, adv. With joy or exultation.— Sheldon. 

RE-JOIN', v. t. [re and join ; Fr. rejoindre.] 1. To join 
again ; to unite after separation. 2. To meet one again. 

RE-JOIN', v. i. 1. To answer to a reply. — 2. In law plead- 
ings, to answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's repli- 
cation. 

RE-JOINT) ER, n. 1. An answer to a reply ; or, in general, 
an answer or reply. — 2. In law pleadings, the defendant's 
answer to the plaintiff's replication. 

\ RE-JOIN'DURE, n. Act of joining again.— Shah. 

RE-JOINED' (re-joind'), pp. Joined again ; reunited. 

RE-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining again ; answering a plaintiff's 
replication. 

RE-JOINT, v. t. [re and joint.] To reunite joints. 

RE-JOINT'ED, pp. Reunited in the joints. 

RE-JOINTING, ppr. Reuniting the joints. 

RE-JOINT'ING, n. The filling up of the joints of stones in 
buildings, when the mortar has been dislodged by age or 
the action of the weather.— Gwilt. 

r RE-JoLT, n. [re and jolt.] A reacting jolt or shock. — 
South. 

T RE-J6URN' (re-jura*), v. t. [Fr. reajourner.] To adjourn 
to another hearing or inquiry. — Burton. 

RE-JUDGE' (re-juj'), v. t. [re and judge.] To judge again ; 
to re-examine ; to review ; to call to a new trial and deci- 
sion. — Pope. 

RE-JUD6jBD' (re-jujd'), pp. Reviewed; judged again. 

RE-JUDG'ING, ppr. Judging again. 

RE-Ju'VE-NaTE, v. t. To render young again. 

RE-Ju'VE-Na-TED, pp. or a. Rendered young again. 

RE-JU-VE-NES'CENCE, \n. [L.reandjuvenescens.] A re- 

RE-JU-VE-NES'CEN-CY, j newing of youth ; the state of 
being young again. 

RE-Ju'VEN-lZE, v. t. To render young again. 

RE-J0'VEN-IZ.ED, pp. Rendered young again. 

RE-Ju'VEN-lZ-ING, ppr. Renewing youth. 

RE-KIN'DLE (-kin'dl), v. t. [re and kindle.] 1. To kindle 
again ; to set on fire anew. 2. To inflame again ; to rouse 
anew. 

RE-KINDLED, pp. Kindled again ; inflamed anew. 

RE-KIN'DLING, ppr. Kindling again ; inflaming anew. 

RE-LaID', pp. Laid a second time. 

RE-LaIS' (re-la 7 ), n. [Fr.] In fortification, a narrow walk 
without the rampart, to receive the earth that may be 
washed down, and prevent its falling into the ditch. — 
Brande. 

Re -LAND', v. t. [re and land.] To land again ; to put on 
land what had been shipped or embarked. 

RE-LAND', v. i. To go on shore after having embarked. 

Re-LAND'ED, pp. Put on shore again. 

RE-LANDING, ppr. Landing again. 

RE-LAPSE' (re-laps'), v. i. [L. relapsus.] 1. To slip or slide 
back ; to return. 2. To fall back ; to return to a former 
state, practice, or error. 3. To fall back or return from 
recovery or a convalescent state. 

RE-LAPSE' (re-laps'), n. A sliding or falling back, particu- 
larly into a former bad state, either of body or of morals. 

RE-L AP'S.E D' (-lapsf), pp. or a. Fallen back, as into vice or 
error. 

RE-LAPS'ER n. One who relapses into vice or error. 

RE-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding or falling back, as into disease 
or vice. 

RE-LITE', v. t. [L. relatus.] 1. To give orally or in writing 
the particulars of an event 2. To bring back ; to restore ; 
[obs.] 3. To ally by connection or kindred. — To relate 
one's self, to vent thoughts in words ; [ill.] — Syn. To tell ; 
recite ; narrate ; recount ; rehearse ; report ; detail ; de- 
scribe. 

RE-LaTE', v. l. To have reference or respect ; to refer : 
followed by to. 

RE-LaTED, pp. 1. Recited; narrated. 2. a. Allied by 
kindred ; connected by blood or alliance, particularly by 
consanguinity. 

RE-LITER n. One who tells, recites, or narrates ; a his- 
torian. — Swift. 

RE-LITING, ppr. 1. Telling; reciting; narrating. 2. a. 
Having relation or reference : concerning. 

RE-LITION, n. [Fr. ; L. relatio.] 1. The act of telling or 
going over particulars ; that which is told. 2. Respect ; 
reference ; regard ; as, in relation to the subject 3. Con- 



nection between things ; mutual respect or what one thing 
is with regard to another. 4. Connection by birth or mar- 
riage. 5. A person connected by birth or marriage. 6. 
The direct conformity of parts to a whole and to each 
other; analogy. — Syn. Recital; rehearsal; narration; ac- 
count ; narrative ; tale ; detail ; description ; kindred ; 
consanguinity; affinity; kinsman; kinswoman. 

RE-La'TION-AL, a. Having relation or kindred.— Tooke. 

RE-Ll'TION-SHIP, n. The state of being related by kin- 
dred, affinity, or other alliance. 

REL'A-TfVE, a. [Fr. relatif; L. relativus.] 1. Having rela- 
tion ; respecting. 2. Not absolute or existing by itself 
considered as belonging to or respecting something else 
3. Incident to man in society ; as, relative rights and du- 
ties. 4. Particular; positive; [obs.] 

REL'A-TfVE, 7i. 1. A person connected by blood or affini- 
ty ; strictly, one allied by blood ; a relation ; a kinsman or 
kinswoman. 2. That which has relation to something 
else. — 3. In grammar, a word which relates to or repre- 
sents another word, called its antecedent, or which refers 
back to a sentence or member of a sentence. 

REL'A-Tf VE-LY, adv. In relation or respect to something 
else ; not absolutely. — Watts. 

REL'A-Tf VE-NESS, n. The state of having relation. 

RE-La'TOR, n. In law, one who brings an information in 
the nature of a quo warranto. — Blackstone. 

RE-LAX', v. t. [L. relaxo.] 1. To make less tense or rigid, 
as sinews or strings. 2. To make less close or firm, as 
the joints. — Milton. 3. To make less severe, rigorous, or 
strict as a law or requirement. 4. To prosecute less as- 
siduously or laboriously, a3 efforts. 5. To relieve from 
close attention; as, conversation relaxes the student 6. 
To relieve from constipation ; to open, as the bowels. 7. 
To draw out ; to open ; as, " to relax their serried files." 
— Milton. 8. To make languid. — Syn. To slacken ; loos- 
en ; loose ; remit ; abate ; mitigate ; ease ; unbend ; divert 

RE-LAX', v. i. 1. To abate in severity ; to become more 
mild or less rigorous. 2. To remit in close attention 

f RE-LAX', n. Relaxation.— Feltham. 

RE-LA X'A-BLE, a. That may be remitted.— Barrow. 

RE-LAX'ANT, n. A medicine that relaxes or opens. 

RE-LAX-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. relaxatio.] 1. The act of slack 
ening or remitting tension. 2. Cessation of restraint 3. 
Remission or abatement of rigor. 4. Remission of atten- 
tion or application. 5. An opening or loosening. 

RE-LAX'A-Tf VE, a. Having the quality of relaxing. 

RE-LAXi?D' (re-laxf), pp. or a. Slackened; loosened; re 
mitted or abated in rigor or in closeness ; made less vigor- 
ous; languid. 

RE-L AX'ING, ppr. or a. Slackening ; loosening ; remitting 
or abating in rigor, severity, or attention ; rendering lan- 
guid. 

RE-LIY', n. [Fr. relais.] 1. A supply of horses placed on 
the road, to be in readiness to relieve others, that a trav- 
eler may proceed without delay. 2. A supply of hunting 
dogs kept in readiness at certain places to pursue the 
game, when the dogs that have been in pursuit are weary. 
3. Any thing laid up or kept in store ; as, relays of joy. — 
Young; [rare.] 

Re-LaY', v. t. [re and lay.] To lay again ; to lay a second 
time. — Smollet. 

Re-La YTNG, ppr. Laying a second time. 

RE-LeAS'A-BLE, a. That may be released. 

RE-LeASE' (re-lees'), v. t. [usually derived from Fr. reld- 
cher; It. rilassare and rilasciare.] 1. To set free from re- 
straint of any kind, either physical or moral ; to set free 
from prison, confinement or servitude. — Matt., xv. — Mark 
xv. 2. To set free from pain, care, trouble, grief, <fec. 
3. To set free from obligation or penalty. 4. To let go, as 
a legal claim. 5. To relinquish a right to lands or tene- 
ments, by conveying it to another who has some right or 
estate in possession. 6. To relax; [obs.] — Syn. To free; 
liberate ; loose ; discharge ; quit ; acquit. 

RE-LeASE', n. 1. Liberation or discharge from restraint 
of any kind, as from confinement or bondage. 2. Libera- 
tion from care, pain, or any burden. 3. Discharge from 
obligation or responsibility, as from debt penalty, or claim 
of any kind ; acquittance. — 4. In law, a release or deed of 
release, is a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tene- 
ments to another who has some estate in possession ; a 
quitclaim. 

RE-LeASjED' (re-leestf), pp. Set free from confinement; 
freed from obligation or liability ; freed from pain ; quit- 
claimed. 

RE-LeAS-EE', n. A person to whom a release is given. 

RE-LeASE'MENT, n. The act of releasing from confine- 
ment or obligation. — Milton. 

RE-LeAS'ER n. One who releases. 

RE-LeAS'ING, ppr. Liberating from confinement or re- 
straint ; freeing from obligation or responsibility, or from 
pain or other evil ; quitclaiming. 

REL'E-GITE, v. t. [L. relego.] To banish ; to send intc 
exile. 



D6YE ; -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VrCIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



REL 



836 



REL 



RKL'E-Gl-TED, pp. Sent into exile. 

REL'E-Ga-TING, ppr. Banishing. 

REL-E-Ga'TION, n. [L. relegatio.] The act of banishment ; 
exile. — Ayliffe. 

RE-LENT, v. i. [Fr. ralentir ; Sp. relenter.] 1. To soften ; 
to become less rigid or hard ; to give. 2. To grow moist ; 
to deliquesce ; [applied to salts ;] [obs.] 3. To become 
less intense. — Sidney ; [little used.] 4. To soften in tem- 
per ; to become more mild and tender ; to feel compassion. 

f RE-LENT, v. t. 1. To slacken. 2. To soften ; to mollify. 

t RE-LENT, pp. Dissolved. 

t RE-LENT', n. Remission , stay. — Spenser. 

RE-LENTED, pp. Softened in temper. 

RE-LENTING, ppr. Softening in temper ; becoming more 
mild or compassionate. 

RE-LENT'ING, n. The act of becoming more mild or com- 
passionate. 

RE-LENT'LESS, a. Unmoved by pity ; insensible to the 
distresses of others ; destitute of tenderness. — In Milton, re- 
lentless thoughts are, perhaps, unremitted, intently fixed up- 
on disquieting objects. Johnson. — Syn. Unrelenting ; im- 
placable ; unpitying ; unmerciful ; merciless ; pitiless ; cruel. 

RE-LENT'LESS-LY, adv. Without pity.— Ed. Rev. 

RE-LENT'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being unmoved 
by pity. — Milman. 

Re-LES-SEE', n. The person to whom a release is executed. 

Re-LES-SOR', n. The person who executes a release. 

RE-LET, v. t. To let anew, as a house. 

REL'E-VANCE, \n. 1. The state of being relevant, or of 

REL'E-VAN-CY, 5 affording relief or aid. 2. Pertinence ; 
applicableness. — 3. In Scots law, sufficiency to infer the 
conclusion. 

REL'E-VANT, a. [Fr. ; L. relever.] 1. Relieving ; lending 
aid or support. — Pownall. 2. Having applicableness or 
pertinence, as an argument. 3. Sufficient to support the 
cause. Scots law. — Syn. Pertinent ; applicable ; apposite ; 
appropriate ; suitable ; fit. 

\ REL-E-VI'TION, n. A raising or lifting up. 

RE-Ll'A-BLE, a. That may be relied on or trusted. 

RE-LI-A-Bn5l^TY SS ' } n ' The state of bein S reliable - 

RE-LlANCE, n. Rest or repose of mind, resulting from a 
full belief of the veracity or integrity of a person, or of the 
certainty of a fact ; trust ; confidence ; dependence. 

REL'IC, n. [Fr. relique ; L. reliquiae.] 1. That which re- 
mains ; that which i3 left' after the loss or decay of the 
rest. 2. The body or remains of a deceased person ; a 
corpse — Pope ; [usually in the plural.] 

REI.TG-LY, adv. In the manner of relics. — Donne. [Rare.] 

RELTGT, n. [L. relictus, relicta.] A widow ; a woman 
whose husband is dead. — Sprat. 

RE-LI€T'ED, a. In law, left bare, as land by the retroces- 
sion of the sea or any water. — Bouvier. 

RE-LICTION, n. In law, land left uncovered by the retro- 
cession of the sea or any water. — Bouvier. 

RE-LI E~D', pp. Reposed on something, as the mind ; con- 
fidedin ; depended. 

RE-LlEF' (re-leef '), n. [Fr. relief; It. rilevo, rilievo.] 1. The 
removal, in whole or in part, of any evil that afflicts the 
body or mind, as of pain, grief, want, care, anxiety, toil, or 
distress, or of any thing oppressive or burdensome, by 
which some ease is obtained. 2. That which mitigates or 
removes pain, grief, or other evil. 3. The release, as of 
sentinels, from some post or duty, and the substitution of 
others ; also, the person or persons thus substituted. — 4. 
In sculpture, &c, the prefecture or prominence of a figure 
above or beyond the ground or plane on which it is form- 
ed. — Relief is of three kinds : high relief, [alto relievo ;] 
low relief, [basso relievo ;] and demi relief, [demi relievo.] 
The difference is in the degree of projecture. — 5. In paint- 
ing, the appearance of projection, or the degree of bold- 
ness which a figure exhibits to the eye at a distance. — 6. 
In feudal law, a fine or composition which the heir of a 
tenant, holding by knight's service or other tenure, paid to 
the lord at the death of the ancestor, for the privilege of 
taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal principles, had 
lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the tenant. 7. 
A removal of some existing grievance, burden, wrong, &c, 
by the proper authority. 8. The exposure of any thing by 
the proximity of something else. — Syn. Alleviation ; miti- 
gation ; aid ; help ; succor ; assistance ; remedy ; redress ; 
indemnification. 

RE-Ll'ER, n. One who relies, or places full confidence in. 

RE-LIeVA-BLE, a. Capable of being relieved ; that may 

receive relief. — Hale. 
RE-LIeVE' (re-leeve'), v. t. [Fr. relever ; L. relevo.] 1. To 
set free, wholly or partially, from pain, grief, want, anxiety, 
care, toil, trouble, burden, oppression, or any thing that is 
considered to be an evil • to set free from any thing that 
pains the body or distresses the mind. 2. To afford alle- 
viation or relief; as, to relieve sufferings. 3. To release 
from a post or station, as sentinels, a guard, or ships, and 
station others in their place. 4. To right ; to set free from 



any burden, wrong, or oppression, by the proper author! 
ty. 5. To abate the inconvenience of any thing Dy change, 
or by the interposition of something dissimilar. 6. To af- 
ford assistance or support. 7. To set off by contrast; 
used in respect to painting and picturesque effect. Wal 
ter Scott. — Syn. To alleviate ; assuage ; succor ; assist ; aid ; 
help ; support ; sustain ; ease ; mitigate ; lighten ; dimin- 
ish ; remove ; free : remedy ; redress ; indemnify. 
RE-LIeV£D' (re-lee\ '), pp. 1. Freed from pain or other 
evil ; eased or cure ; aided ; succored ; dismissed from 
watching. 2. 'Alleviated or removed, as pain or distress. 

3. Set off by contrast. 

RE-LIe V'ER, n. One who relieves ; he or that which gives 
ease._ 

RE-LIeVTNG, ppr. or a. Removing pain or distress, oi 
abating the violence of it ; easing ; curing ; assisting ; dis 
missing from a post, as a sentinel ; supporting. — Relieving 
arch,_see Dischabging Arch. 

RE-LIe'VO (re-lee'vo), n. [It] Relief; prominence of fig 
ures in statuary, architecture, &c. ; apparent prominence 
of figures in painting. 

RE-LIGHT (re-lite'), v. t. [re and light.] 1. To light anew 
to illuminate again. 2. To rekindle ; to set on fire again. 

Rg-LlGHTED, pp. Lighted anew ; rekindled. 

RE-LlGHT'ING, ppr. Lighting again ; rekindling. 

RE-LIA'ION (re-lij'un), n. [Fr., Sp. religion ; It. reUgione ; 
L. religio.] 1. Religion, in a comprehensive sense, in- 
cludes a belief in the being and perfections of God, in the 
revelation of his will to man, in man's obligation to obey 
his commands, in a state of reward and punishment, and 
in man's accountableness to God ; and also, true godliness 
or piety of life, with the practice of all moral duties. — 2 
Religion, as distinct from theology, is godliness or real pie 
ty in practice. — 3. Religion, as distinct from virtue or mo- 
rality, consists in the performance of the duties we owe 
directly to God, from a principle of obedience to his will 

4. Any system of faith and worship. 5. The rites of relig 
ion ; in the plural. — Milton. 

t RE-LIg'ION-A-RY, a. Relating to religion ; pious. 

RE-LIg'ION-ISM, n. The practice of religion ; adherence 
to religion. — Stewart. 

RE-LIg'ION-IST, n. A bigot to any religious persuasion - 
Swift. 

RE-LIg-I-OST-TY, n. [L.] Sense of religion ; religiousness 

RE-LIg'IOUS (re-lij'jus), a. [Fr. religieux ; L. religiosus.] 1 
Pertaining or relating to religion. 2. Loving and rever 
encing the Supreme Being and obeying his precepts 
[applied to persons.] 3. Devoted to the practice of re- 
ligion. 4. Teaching" religion ; containing religious sub- 
jects or the doctrines and precepts of religion, as a book. 

5. Characterized by strictness or exactness, such as relig 
ion requires, as observance of duties. 6. Engaged bj 
vows to a monastic life ; as, a religious order. 7. Appro 
priated to the performance of sacred or religious duties 
— Syn. Pious ; godly ; holy ; devout ; devotional ; con- 
scientious ; strict ; rigid ; exact. 

RE-LIq'IOUS, n. A person bound by monastic vows, or se- 
questered from secular concerns and devoted to a life of 
piety and devotion; a monk or friary a nun. [Little 
used.] 

RE-LIg'IOUS-LY, (re-lij'jus-ly), adv. 1. Piously ; with love 
and reverence to the Supreme Being ; in obedience to the 
divine commands. 2. According to the rites of religion. 
3. Reverently ; with veneration. 4. Exactly , strictly , 
conscientiously. 

RE-LId'IOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being relig- 
ious. 

RE-LIN'QUENT, a. Relinquishing. As a noun, one who 
relinquishes. 

RE-LIN'QUISH (re-link'wish), v. t. [L. relinquo.] 1. To with 
draw from. It may be to forsake or abandon, but it does 
not necessarily express the sense of the latter. A man 
may relinquish an enterprise for a time, or with a design 
never to resume it. — In general, to relinquish is to leave 
without the intention of resuming, and equivalent to for 
sake, but is less emphatical than abandon and desert. 2 
To forbear ; to withdraw from. 3. To give up all claim 
to. — To relinquish back, or to, to give up ; to release ; to 
surrender. — Syn. To leave ; quit ; forsake ; forego ; re 
sign ; abandon ; desert ; renounce. 

RE-LIN'QUISH.ED (re-link'wisht), pp. Left; quitted; giv 
en up. 

RE-LIN'QUISH-ER, n. One who leaves or quit3. 

RE-LlN'QUISH-ING,^?r. Quitting; leaving; giving up. 

RE-LIN'QUISH-MENT, n. The act of leaving or quitting 
a forsaking ; the renouncing a claim to ; abandonment 

REL'I-QUA-RY, n. [Fr. reliquaire.] A small chest, box, or 
casket in which relics are kept. — Gloss, of Archil. 

REL-i'QUE' (rel-eekO, n. A relic. See Relic. 

RE-LIQJTJI-M (re-lik'we-e), n. pi. [L.J Remains of the 
dead ; organic remains. 

RE-LIQ'UID-XTE (-lik'we-date), v. t. [re and liquidate.] T« 
liquidate anew ; to adjust a second time. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY —MARINE, BiRD ;— M(5 VE, BOOK 



REM 



837 



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RE-LIQ'UID-X-TED, pp. Liquidated again. 

RE-LIQ'UID-a-TING, ppr. Liquidating again. 

RELIQ-UID-XTION, n. A second or renewed liquidation ; 
a renewed adjustment. — Hamilton. 

REL'ISH, n. 1. That sensation of the organs which is ex- 
perienced when we take food or drink of an agreeable 
flavor. — 2. Figuratively, a sense of mental pleasure in re- 
spect to objects or pursuits : usually with for ; as, a relish 
for faction ; a relish for elegant literature. 3. That which 
gives pleasure ; the power of pleasing. 4. Cast; manner. 
5. Taste ; a small quantity just perceptible. 6. Something 
taken with food to increase the pleasure of eating. — Syn. 
Taste ; savor ; flavor ; appetite ; zest ; gusto ; liking ; de- 
light. 

RELISH, v. t. 1. To give an agreeable taste to. 2. To like 
the taste of. 3. To be gratified with the enjoyment or 
use of. 

REL'ISH, v. i. 1. To have a pleasing taste. 2. To give 
pleasure. 3. To have a flavor. 

REL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Gustable ; having an agreeable taste. 

RELISHED (rel'isht), pp. Giving an agreeable taste ; re- 
ceived with pleasure. 

RE-LIVE' (re-liv'), v. i. [re and live.] To live again ; to re- 
vive. — Spenser. 

I RE-LIVE' (re-hV), v. t. To recall to life.— Spenser. 

Re-LoAN', v. t. [re and loan.] To loan again ; to lend what 
has been lent and repaid. 

Re-LoAN', n. A second lending of the same money. 

Re-LoANED' (re-lond'), pp. Loaned again. 

Re-LoAN_'ING, ppr. Loaning again. 

Re-Lo'€aTE, v. t. To locate a second time. 

Re-LO-€a'TION, n. A second location.— Scott. 

\ RE-L6VE' (-luv / ), v. t. [re and love.] To love in return. — 
Boy^. 

RE-Lu'CENT. a. [L. relucens.] Shining ; transparent ; clear ; 
pellucid. — Thomson. 

RE-LU€T', v. i. [L. reluctor.] To strive or struggle against. 
[Little used.] 

RE-LU€TANCE, ) n. Unwillingness ; great opposition of 

RE-LU€T'AN-CY, 5 mind ; repugnance. 

RE-LUCTANT, a. 1. Striving against; much opposed in 
heart 2. Acting with slight repugnance. 3. Proceeding 
from an unwilling mind ; granted with reluctance. — Syn. 
Unwilling ; loth ; disinclined ; averse ; backward ; coy. 

RE-LUCTANT-LY, adv. With opposition of heart; un- 
willingly. 

RE-LUCTaTE, v. t. To resist ; to struggle against. 

RE-LUGT-a'TION, n. Repugnance ; resistance.— Bacon. 

RE-LU€TTNG, ppr. 1. Striving to resist. 2. a. Averse; 
unwilling. 

RE-LuME', v. t. (Fr rallumer.] To rekindle; to light 
again. 

RE-LuMED' (re-lumd'), pp. Rekindled ; lighted again. 

RE-Lu'MINE, v. t. [It. ralluminare ; L. relumino.] 1. To 
light anew ; to rekindle. 2. To illuminate again. 

RE-Lt"MlN£D, pp. Rekindled ; illuminated anew. 

RE-LuM'ING, ppr. Rekindling or lighting anew. 

RE-LuM'IN-ING, ppr. Rekindling ; enlightening anew. 
. RE-LY', v. i. [re and lie.] To rest on something as the mind 
when satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of per- 
sons, or of the certainty of facts, or of evidence ; to have 
confidence in. — Syn. To trust ; depend ; confide ; repose. 

RE-LY'ING, ppr. Reposing on something, as the mind ; 
confiding in ; trusting in ; depending. 

RE-Ma.DE', pret. and pp. of remake. 

RE-MaIN', v. i. [L. remaneo.] 1. To continue in a place for 
a time indefinite. 2. To be left after others have with- 
drawn ; to continue in the same place when others re- 
move, or are lost, destroyed, or taken away. 3. To be 
left after a part or others have passed. 4. To continue un- 
changed, or in a particular state. 5. Not to be lost , not 
to escape ; not to be forgotten. 6. To be left, out of a 
greater number or quantity. 7. To be left as not included 
or comprised. 8. To continue in the same state. — Syn. 
To continue ; stay ; wait ; tarry ; rest ; sojourn ; dwell ; 
abide ; last ; endure. 

RE-MaIN', v. t. To await ; to be left to. 

. RE-MaIN', n. That which is left ; a corpse ; also, abode. 

RE-MaIN'DER, n. 1. Any thing left after the separation 
and removal of a part — Dryden. 2. The corpse of a hu- 
man being ; [obs.] 3. That which is left after a part is 
past. 4. The quantity that is left after subtraction or after 
any deduction. — 5. In law. an estate limited to take effect 
and be enjoyed after another estate is determined. — Syn. 
Best ; residue ; remnant ; remains ; leavings ; relics. 
RE-MaIN'DER, a. Remaining ; refuse ; left ; as, the re- 
mainder biscuit —Shak. 
RE-MI IN'DER-MAN, n. Tn law, he who has an estate after 

a particular estate is determined. — Blackstone. 
RE-Ma.IN.ED', pp. Continued ; left after others have with- 
drawn. 
RE-MaIN'ING, ppr. or a. Continuing ; resting ; abiding for 
an indefinite time ; being left 



RE-MaINS', n. pi. 1. That which is left after a part Is sep 
arated, taken away, or destroyed. 2. A dead body.— Syn 
Residue; rest; remnants; leavings; relics; corpse; corse, 



RE-MaKE', v. t. ; pret. and pp. remade, [re and make.] To 
make anew. 

RE-MaND', v. t. [Fr. rcmander.] To call or send back him 
or that which is ordered to a place. 

RE-MaND'ED, pp. Called or sent buck. 

RE-MaND'ING, ppr. Calling or sending back. 

RE-MaND'MENT, n. A remanding or ordering back. — Jef- 
ferson. 

REM'A-NENCE, ) r> ■ ■ 

REMA-NEN-CYj n - Remaining. 

REM'A-NENT, n. [L. remanens.] The part remaining. 

REM'A-NENT, a. Remaining.— Taylor. [Little used.] 

RE-MaRK', n. [Fr. remarque.] 1. Notice or observation, 
as, " to elude conjecture and remark." Cowper. — 2. Par 
ticularly, notice or observation expressed in words or 
writing.— Syn. Observation ; note ; comment ; annotation. 

RE-MaRK', v. t. [Fr. remarquer.] 1. To take notice of in 
the mind without expression. 2. To express in words or 
writing what one thinks or sees ; to express observations. 
3. To mark ; to point out ; to distinguish. — Milton ; [obs.] 
— Syn. To observe ; notice ; heed ; regard ; note ; say. 

RE-MaRK'A-BLE, a. [Fr. remarquable.] 1. Worthy of no- 
tice. 2. That deserves particular notice, or that may ex- 
cite admiration or wonder. — Syn. Observable ; noticeable ; 
extraordinary ; unusual ; rare ; strange ; wonderful ; nota- 
ble ; distinguished ; famous ; eminent. 

RE-MaRK'A-BLE-NESS, n. Observableness worthiness 
of remark ; the quality of deserving notice. 

R.E-MaRK'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree worthy 
of notice. 2. In an extraordinary manner. 

RE-MaRKM)' (re-marktf), pp. Noticed ; obse* ved ; express 
ed in words or writing. 

RE-MaRK'ER n. An observer ; one who makes remarks. 
— Watts. 

RE-MaRK'ING, ppr. Observing; taking notice of; express- 
ing in words or writing. 

Re-MARTIiED, pp. Married again or a second time. 

Re-MAR'RY, v. t. [re and marry.] To marry again or a 
second time. — Tindal. 

Re-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Marrying again or a second time. 

Re-MaST, v. t. To furnish with a new mast or new masts. 

Re-MAS'TI-€aTE, v. t. [re and masticate.] To chew or 
masticate again ; to chew over and over, as in chewing 
the cud. 

Re-MAS'TI-CX-TED, pp. Chewed again or repeatedly 

Re-MAS'TI-€a-TING, ppr. Chewing again or over and over 

Re-MAS-TI-€a'TION, n. The act of masticating again or 
repeatedly. 

REM'BLaI (ramnla), n. [Fr.] In fortification, the earth or 
materials used in filling up a trench. — Brandt. 

REM'BLE, v. t. To move or remove. — Grose. 
RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [from remedy.] That may be reme- 
diedor cured. — Syn. Curable ; healable ; sanable. 

RE-Me'DI-A-BLY, adv. So as to be susceptible of remedy. 

RE-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. remedialis.] Affording a remedy ; in 
tended for a remedy, or for the removal of an evil. 

RE-Me'DI-ATE, in the sense of remedial, is not in use. 

REM'E-DLED, pp. [from remedy.] Cured; healed; repaired 

* RE-MED'I-LESS, a. 1. Not admitting a remedy, as dis 

ease. 2. Not admitting reparation, as an injury or loss. 3. 
Not admitting change or reversal, as a doom. — Milton. A. 
Not admitting recovery, as delusion. South. — Syn. In- 
curable ; cureless ; irremediable ; irrecoverable ; irre- 
trievable ; irreparable ; desperate. 
*RE-MED'I-LESS-LY, adv. In a manner or degree that 
precludes a remedy. — Clarendon. 

* RE-MED'I-LESS-NESS, n. Incurableness. 
REM'E-DY, n. [L. remedium; Fr. rtmede.] 1. That which 

cures a disease ; any medicine or application which puts 
an end to disease and restores health. 2. That which 
counteracts an evil of any kind. 3. That which cures un- 
easiness. 4. That which repairs loss or disaster. — Syn. 
Cure ; restorative ; counteraction ; reparation ; redress ; 
relief ; aid ; help ; assistance. 

REM'E-DY, v. t. [Fr. remedier.] 1. To cure ; to heal. 2. To 
cure ; to remove, as an evil. 3. To repair ; to remove 
mischief. 

REM'E-DY-ING, ppr. Curing; healing; removing; restor- 
ing from a bad to a good state. 

Re-MELT, v. t. [re and melt.] To melt a second time 

Re -MELTED, pp. Melted again. 

Re-MELTING, ppr. Melting again. 

RE-MEM'BER v. t. [Norm, remembre ; Low L. rememoror.] 

1. To have in the mind an idea which had been in the 
mind before, and which recurs to the mind without effort 

2. When we use effort to recall an idea, we are said to 
recollect it. This distinction is not always observed. 
Hence, remember is often used as synonymous with recol- 
lect, that is. to call to mind. We say, we can not remem- 



D<WE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH- TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



REM 



838 



REM 



Oer a fact, when we mean, we can not recoiled it. 3. To 
bear or keep in mind ; to attend to. 4. To preserve the 
memory of; to preserve from being forgotten. 5. To 
mention ; [obs.] 6. To put in mind ; to remind ; [obs.] 
7. To think of and consider ; to meditate.— Ps. lxiii. 8. 
To bear in mind with esteem ; or to reward. — Eccles., ix. 
9. To bear in mind with praise or admiration ; to cele- 
brate. — 1 Chron., xvi. 10. To bear in mind with favor, 
care, ai.d regard for the safety or deliverance of any one. 
— Ps. lxxiv. 11. To bear in mind with intent to reward 
or punish.— 3 John, x. 12. To bear in mind with confi- 
dence ; to trust in. — Ps. xx. 13. To bear in mind with the 
purpose of assisting or relieving. — Gal., ii. 14. To bear in 
mind with reverence ; to obey.— Eccles., xii., 1. 15. To 
bear in mind with regard ; to keep as sacred ; to observe. 
Ex., xx., 8. — To remember mercy, is to exercise it.— Heb., iii. 

RE-MEM'BERjED, pp. Kept in mind; recollected. 

RE-MEM'BER-ER to. One who remembers.— Wotton. 

RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Having in mind. 

RE-MEM'BRANCE, to. [Fr.] 1. The retaining or having in 
mind an idea which had been present before, or an idea 
which had been previously received from an object when 
present, and which recurs to the mind afterward without 
the presence of its object. Technically, remembrance dif- 
fers from reminiscence and recollection, as the former im- 
plies that an idea occurs to the mind spontaneously, or 
without much mental exertion. The latter imply the 
power or the act of recalling ideas which do not sponta- 
neously recur to the mind. 2. Transmission of a fact from 
one to another. 3. Account preserved ; something to as- 
sist the memory. — Hale. 4. Memorial ; as, in remembrance 
of a deed. 5. A token by which one is kept in the mem- 
ory. 6. Notice of something absent. 7. Power of remem- 
bering ; limit of time within which a fact can be remem- 
bered. 8. Honorable memory ; [obs.] 9. Admonition. — 
Skak. 10. Memorandum ; a note to help the memory. 

RE-MEM'BRAN-CER, n. 1. One who reminds, or revives 
the remembrance of any thing. 2. An officer in the Ex- 
chequer of England, whose business is to record certain 
papers and proceedings, make out processes, &c. ; a re- 
corder. 3. Something that reminds or calls to remem- 
brance, as a gift ; memorial ; memento. — Cowper. 

I RE-MEM'O-RaTE, v. t. [L. rememoratus, rememoror.] To 
remember ; to revive in the memory. 

\ RE-MEM-O-Ra'TION, n. Remembrance. 

t RE-MER'CY E ' } v - '• t Fr - remercier -] To thank.-Spenser. 

REM'I-GES, n. pi. [L. rowers.] In ornithology, the quill- 
feathers of the wings of a bird, which propel it through 
the air. — Brande. 

RE-MI'GRaTE, v. i. [L. remigro.] To remove back again 
to aformer place or state ; to return. 

RE-Mi-GRa'TION, n. Removal back again ; a migration to 
a former "place. — Hale. 

RE-MlND', v. t. {re and mind.] 1. To put in mind ; to bring 
to the remembrance of. 2. To bring to notice or consid- 
eration. 

R E-MlND'ED, pp. Put in mind. 

RE-MiND'ER, n. One who reminds ; an admonisher. 

RE-MlND'FUL, a. Tending or adapted to remind ; careful 
to remind. — Southey. 

RE-MlND'ING, ppr. Putting in mind ; calling attention to. 

REM-I-N1S'CENCE, to. [Fr. ; L. reminiscens.] 1. That fac- 
ulty of the mind by which ideas formerly received into it, 
but forgotten, are recalled or revived in the memory. 2. 
Recollection ; recovery of ideas that had escaped from 
the memory. — Hale. 3. Recollection or remembrance ex- 
pressed ; a relation of what is recollected. 

REM-I-NIS'CENT, n. One who calls to mind and records 
past events.— C. Butler. 

REM-I-NIS-CEN'T1AL (-sen'shal), a. Pertaining to reminis- 
cence or recollection. — Brown. 

REM'I-PED, n. [L. remus and pes.] An aquatic animal, whose 
feet serve as oars ; a name given to certain crustaceans ; 
alsoto certain coleopterous insects. — P. Cyc. — Brande. 

RE-MlSE', v. t. [Fr. remise ; L. remissus.] To give or grant 
back ; to release a claim ; to resign or surrender by deed. 

RE-MISJ5D (re-mizd'), pp. Released. 

RE-MlS'ING, ppr. Surrendering by deed. 

RE-MISS', a. [Fr.remis; L. remissus.] 1. Not performing 
duty or business ; not complying with engagements at all, 
or not in due time. 2. Slow ; languid ; not vigorous, as 
motion. — Woodward. 3. Not intense. Roscommon. — Syn. 
Slack ; dilatory ; slothful ; negligent ; careless ; neglectful ; 
inattentive ; heedless ; thoughtless. 

RE-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be remitted or forgiven. 

RE-MIS'SION (re-mish'un), to. [Fr. ; L. remissio.] 1. Abate- 
ment ; relaxation ; moderation. 2. Abatement ; diminu- 
tion of intensity. 3. Release ; discharge or relinquish- 
ment of a claim or right. — 4. In medicine, abatement ; a 
temporary subsidence of the force or violence of a disease 
or of pain. 5. Forgiveness ; pardon. 6. The act of send- 
ing back; [obs.] 



t RE-MISS'IVE, a Remitting; forgiving.— Hackel. 
RE-MISS'LY, adv. 1. Carelessly ; negligently ; without close 
attention. 2. Slowly ; slackly ; not vigorously ; not witb 
ardor. 

RE-MISS'NESS, n. Slackness ; slowness ; carelessness ; neg- 
ligence ; want of ardor or vigor ; coldness ; want of ar- 
dor ; want of punctuality. 

RE-MIT, v. t. [L. rcmitto ; Fr. remettre ; It. rimettere ; Sp. re 
mitir.] 1. To lessen in intensity ; to make less tense 01 
violent, as anger. 2. To surrender the right of punish- 
ing a crime ; as, to remit punishment. 3. To free from 
punishment, as a fault or crime. 4. To give up ; to re- 
sign, as a crown. — Dryden. 5. To refer ; as, to remit all 
to one's discretion. — Bacon. 6. To send back, as a prison- 
er. — Dryden. 7. To transmit money, bills, &c, to some 
person at a distance. 8. To restore, as to liberty or to for- 
mer rights. Blackstone. — Syn. To relax ; release ; abate ; 
relinquish ; forgive ; pardon ; absolve. 

RE-MIT', v. i. 1. To slacken ; to become less intense or rig- 
orous. 2. To abate in violence for a time, without inter- 
mission. 

RE-MITMENT, n. 1. The act of remitting to custody. 2. 
Forgiveness ; pardon. — Milton. 

RE-MITTAL, n. A remitting ; a giving up ; surrender. — 
Swift; 

RE-MITT ANCE, to. 1. In commerce, the act of transmitting- 
money, bills, or the like to a distant place. 2. The sum or 
thing remitted. 

RE-MITTED, pp. Relaxed ; forgiven ; pardoned ; sent back ; 
referred ; given up ; transmitted to a distant place, as 
money. 

RE-M1TTENT, a. Having alternate increase and remis- 
sion. — Remittent fever, one which has striking exacerba- 
tions and remissions without any entire intermission.— 
Dunglison. 

RE-MITTER, n. 1. One who remits, or makes remittance. 
— 2. In law, the restitution of a more ancient and certain 
right to a person who has right to lands, but is out of pos- 
session, and has afterward the freehold cast upon him by 
some subsequent defective title, by virtue of which he en 
ters. 3. One who pardons. 

RE-MIT'TING, ppr. Relaxing ; forgiving ; sending back 
transmitting money, bills, &c. 

REM'NANT, to. [contracted from remanent.] 1. That which 
is left after the separation, removal, or destruction of a 
part. 2. That which remains after a part is done, per 
formed, told, or passed. — Syn. Residue ; rest ; remains . 
remainder. 

REM'NANT, a. Remaining ; yet left. [Little used.] 

RE-MOD'EL, v. t. [re and model.] To model or fashion anew. 

RE-MODEL.ED, pp. Modeled anew. 

RE-MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Modeling again. 

RE-MoLD', v. t. [re and mold.] To moid or shape anew. 

RE-MoLD'ED, pp. Molded again.—/. Barlow. 

RE-MoLD'ING, ppr. Molding anew. 

RE-MOL'LIENT, a. [Fr.] Mollifying ; softening. 

RE-MoLTJJN, pp. or a. [re aud molten.] Melted again. 

RE-MON'STRANCE, n. [Fr. remontrance.] 1. Show; dis- 
covery; [obs.] 2. Expostulation; strong representation 
of reasons against a measure. 3. Pressing suggestions in 
opposition to a measure or act. 4. Expostulatory coun- 
sel or advice ; reproof. — 5. In the Roman Catholic Church, 
a plate of silver or gold, about six inches in diameter, 
standing vertically on a support, and having an opening 
in the center, within which the host is placed, to be exhib 
ited to the congregation. 

RE-MON'STRANT, a. Expostulatory; urging strong rea 
sons against an act. 

RE-MON'STRANT, to. One who remonstrates. The Ar 
minians are called Remonstrants, because they remon 
strated against the decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618 

RE-MON'STRaTE, v. i. [L. remonstro ; Fr. remontrer.] 1 
To exhibit or present strong reasons against an act,.meas 
ure, or any course of proceedings ; to expostulate. 2. To 
suggest urgent reasons in opposition to a measure. 

RE-MON'STRaTE, v. t. To show by a strong representa- 
tion of reasons. 

RE-MON'STRa-TED, pp. Opposed by urging strong reasons 
against a measure. 

RE-MON'STRI-TING, ppr. Urging strong reasons against 
a measure. 

RE-MON-STRa'TION, to. The act of remonstrating. [Rare.] 

RE-MON'STRa-TOR, n. One who remonstrates. 

REM'O-RA, to. [L.] 1. Delay ; obstacle ; hinderance ; [obs.~i 
2. The sucking-fish, a small fish, found in the Mediterra- 
nean and other seas, which is said to attach itself to tin- 
bottom or side of a ship and retard its motion. 

t REM'O-RaTE, v. t. [L. remoror.] To hinder ; to delay 

t RE-MORD', v. t. [L. remordeo.] To rebuke ; to excite tr 
remorse. — Skelton. 

t RE-MORD', v. i. To feel remorse.— Elyot. 

RE-MORD'EN-CY, n. Compunction ; remorse. 

* RE-MORSE' (re-morsO, n. [L. remorsus.] 1. The keen 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A E, I, Sec, sh ort.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



REM 



839 



REN 



pain or anguish excited by a sense of guilt; compunction 
of conscience for a crime committed. 2. Sympathetic 
sorrow, pity; compassion. — Dryden ; [rare.] 

i RE -MORSED' (-morsf), a. Feeling remorse or compunction. 

RE-MORSE'FUL (re-mors'ful), a. 1. Full of remorse. 2. 
Compassionate; feeling tenderly ; [obs.] 3. Pitiable; [obs.] 

RE-MORSE'FU L-L Y, adv. With remorse of conscience. 

RE-MORSE'LESS, a. Having no pity or compassion on 
distress. Milton. — Syn. Unpitying ; pitiless ; relentless ; 
unrelenting ; implacable ; merciless ; unmerciful ; sav- 
age ; cruel. 

RE-MORSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without remorse.— South. 

RE-MORSE'LESS-NESS (re-morsles-nes), n. Savage cru- 
elty j insensibility to distress. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

RE-MoTE', a. [L. remotus.] 1. Distant in place ; far ; not 
*ear. 2. Distant in time, past or future. 3. Distant ; not 
immediate ; as, remote good. — Locke. 4. Distant ; prima- 
ry ; not proximate, as a cause. 5. Alien ; foreign ; not 
agreeing with ; as, remote from reason. — Locke. 6. Ab- 
stracted. — Locke. 7. Distant in consanguinity or affinity. 
8. Slight ; inconsiderable, as resemblance. 

RE-MoTE'LY, adv. 1. At a distance in space or time ; not 
nearly. 2. At a distance in consanguinity or affinity. 3. 
Slightly ; in a small degree. 

RE-MoTE'NESS, n. 1. State of being distant in space or 
time ; distance. 2. Distance in consanguinity or affinity. 
3. Distance in operation or efficiency. 4. Slightness ; small- 
ness. 

RE-Mo'TION, n. The act of removing ; the state of being 
removed to a distance. — Shak. [Little used.] 

Re-MoULD', v. t. See Remold. 

Re-MOUNT", v. t. [Fr. remonter] To mount again. 

RE-MOUNT', v. i. To mount again ; to reascend. 

RE-MoV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being removable 
from an office or station ; capacity of being displaced. 

RE-M5VA-BLE (-moov'a-bl), a. 1. That may be removed 
from an office or station. 2. That may be removed from 
one place to another. 

RE-M5VAL, n. 1. The act of moving from one place to an- 
other for residence. 2. The act of displacing from an of- 
fice or post. 3. The act of curing or putting away. 4. 
The state of being removed ; change of place. 5. The act 
of putting an end to. 

RE-MoVE' (re-moove'), v. t. [L. removeo ; Sp. remover.] 1. 
To cause to change place ; to put from its place in any 
manner ; to move. 2. To displace from an office. 3. To 
take or put away in any manner ; to cause to leave a per- 
son or thing ; to banish or destroy. 4. To carry from one 
court to another. 5. To take from the present state of being. 

RE-MoVE', v. i. 1. To change place in any manner. 2. To 
go from one place to another. 3. To change the place of 
residence. 

RE-MoVE', n. 1. Change of place — Chapman. 2. Transla 
tion of one to the place of another. 3. State of being re 
moved. 4. Act of moving a man in chess or other game 
5. Departure ; a going away. 6. The act of changing place 
removal. 7. A step in any scale of gradation. 8. Any in 
definite distance. 9. The act of putting a horse's shoes on 
different feet. 10. A dish to be changed while the rest of 
the course remains. 11. Susceptibility of betas; removed ; 
[obs.] 

RE-Mo VED' (re-moovd'), pp. 1. Changed in place ; carried 
to a distance ; displaced from office ; placed far off. 2. a. 
Remote ; separate from others. 

RE-MoV'ED-NESS, n. State of being removed ; remoteness. 
— Shak. 

RE-MoV'ER n. One who removes. — Bacon. 

RE-MOVING, ppr. Changing place ; carrying or going from 
one place to another ; displacing ; banishing. 

REM'PHAN, n. An idol worshiped by the Israelites while 
they were in the wilderness. — Acts, vii. 

RE-MU'GI-ENT. a. [L. remugiens.] Rebellowing.— More. 

RE-MU-NER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being re- 
warded. 

RE-Mt"NER-A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded ; fit or prop- 
er to be recompensed. 

RE-Mu'NER-ITE, v. t. [L. remunero.] To render an equiv- 
alent to for any act, service, loss, expense, or other sacri- 
fice. — Syn. To reward; recompense; compensate; satis- 
fy , requitej repay ; pay ; reimburse. 

RE-MtTNER-A-TED, pp. Rewarded; compensated. 

RE-Mu'NER-A-TING, ppr. Rewarding ; recompensing. 

RE-MU-NER-A'TION, n. 1. The act of paying an equivalent 
for services, loss, or sacrifices. 2. The equivalent given 
for services, loss, or sufferings. — Syn. Reward ; recom- 
pense ; compensation ; repayment ; satisfaction 
RE-Mu'NER-A-TlVE, a. Exercised in rewarding 

stows rewards. — Boyle. 
RE-MtTNER-A-TO-RY, a. Affording recompense ; reward- 
ins. — Johnson. 
RE-MURMUR, v. t. [L. remurmuro.] To utter back in 
murmurs ; to return in murmurs ; to repeat in low, hoarse 
sounds 



requital, 
that be- 



RE-MUR'MUR, v. i. To murmur back; to return or echo at 
low, rumbling sounds.— isryueh. 

RE-MURMURED, pp. Uttered back in murmurs. 

RE-MUR'MUR-ING, ppr. Uttering back in low sounds. 

Re'NAL, a. [L. renalis.] Pertaining to the kidneys or reins. 

REN'ARD, n. [Fr. ; G. reineke.] A fox ; a name used in fa- 
bles, but not in common discourse. — Dryden. This word 
is also spelled Reynard. 

RE-NAS'CEN-CY, n. The state of springing or being pro- 
duced again. — Brown. 

RE-NAS'CENT, a. [L. renascens.] Springing or rising into 
being again j reproduced. 

RE-NAS'CI-BLE, a. That may be reproduced ; that may 
spring again into being. 

RE-NAVI-G1TE, v. t. To navigate again. 

RE-NAV'I-Ga-TED, pp. Navigated again ; sailed over anew 

RE-NAV'I-GA-TING,^pr. Navigating again. 

REN-€OUN'TER n. [Fr. rencontre.] 1. Literally, a meeting 
of two bodies. 2. A meeting in opposition or contest. 3. 
A casual, sudden contest or encounter without premedi- 
tation. 4. A casual action ; an engagement between armies 
or fleets. 5. Any encounter, action, or engagement — 
Syn. Combat ; fight ; conflict ; collision ; clash. 

REN-€OUN'TER, v. t. 1. To meet unexpectedly without 
enmity or hostility. 2. To attack hand to hand. 

REN-€OUN'TER v. i. 1. To meet an enemy unexpectedly. 
2. To clash ; to come in collision. 3. To skirmish with 
another. 4. To fight hand to hand. 

REN-€OUN'TER£D, pp. Met unexpectedly ; clashed. See 
the verbs. 

REND, v. t. ; pret. and pp. rent. [Sax. rendan, hrendan.] 1. 
To separate any substance into parts with force or sudden 
violence ; to force asunder. 2. To separate or part with 
violence. — To rend the heart, in Scripture, to have bitter 
sorrow for sin. Joel, ii. — Rend differs somewhat from lac- 
erate. We never say, to lacerate a rock or a kingdom, 
when we mean to express splitting or division. Lacerate 
is properly applicable to the tearing oil' of small pieces oi 
a thing ; as, to lacerate the body with a whip or scourge ; 
or to the tearing of the flesh or other thing without entire 
separation. — Syn. To tear ; burst ; break ; rupture ; lac 
erate ; fracture ; crack ; split. 

REND'ER, n. One who tears by violence. 

REN'DER, v. t. [Fr. rendre ; It. rendere; Sp. rendir ; Port 
render.] 1. To return ; to pay back, as good for evil. 2. 
To inflict, as a retribution. 3. To give on demand ; to 
give ; to assign, as a reason. 4. To make or cause to be, 
by some influence upon a thing, or by some change. 5. 
To translate, as from one language into another. 6. To 
surrender ; to yield or give up the command or possession 
of. — Shak. 7. To afford ; to give for use or benefit ; as, to 
render assistance. 8. To represent; to exhibit; [obs,] 9. 
To boil down and clarify ; as. to render tallow. — To render 
back, to return ; to restore. 

t REN'DER, v. i. To show ; to give an account. — Shak. 

REN'DER n. 1. A surrender ; a giving up. 2. A return ; a 
payment of rent. 3. An account given. 

REN'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be rendered.— Sherwood. 

RENDERED, pp. or a. Returned ; paid back ; given ; as- 
signed , made ; translated ; surrendered ; afforded ; boiled 
down and clarified ; as, rendered tallow. 

REN'DER-ER. n. One who renders. 

REN'DER-ING, ppr. Returning ; giving back ; assigning ; 
making ; translating ; surrendering ; affording. 

REN'DER-ING, n. 1. Version ; translation.— Lowth. 2. The 
act of laying the first coat of plaster on brick or stone 
work ; the coat thus laid on. — Gwilt. 

* REN'DEZ-VbUS (ren'de-voo), n. [Fr. rendez vous, render 

yourselves, repair to a place.] 1. A place appointed for 
the assembling of troops, or the place where they assem- 
ble ; or the port or place where ships are ordered to join 
company. 2. A place for enlisting seamen into the naval 
service. — Totten. 3. A place of meeting, or a sign that 
draws men together. 4. An assembly ; a meeting ; [rare 
ly usedA 

* REN'DEZ-VoUS (ren'de-voo), v. i. To assemble or meet 

at a particular place, as troops, ships, Sec—Hook. 

* REN'DEZ-VQUS (ren'de-voo), v. t. To assemble or bring 

together at a certain place.— Echard. 

* REN'DEZ-VoUSED (- de-vood), pp. Assembled or brought 

together at a particular place. 

* REN'DEZ-VoUS-ING (ren'de-voo-ing), ppr. Assembling 
at a particular place. 

REN'DI-BLE, a. 1. That may be yielded or surrendered. 
2. That may be translated. [Little used,] 

REN-Dl'TION (ren-dish'un), n. [from render.] 1. The act 
of yielding possession ; surrender. — Fairfax. 2. Transla- 
tion. — South. 

REN'E-GADE, \n. [Sp., Port, renegado ; Fr. renegat.] 1. 

REN-E-Ga'DO, j An apostate from the faith. 2. One who 
deserts to an enemy ; a deserter. 3. A vagabond. 

t RE-NeGE', v. t. [L. renego.] To deny ; to disown. 

\ RE-NeGE', v. i. To deny.— Shak. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER Vi"CIOUS.— € as K • 6 as J ; SasZ; EH as SH ; THasin this, f Obsolete, 



REN 



840 



REP 



ii2-NERVE' (re-nerv'), v. t. [re and nerve.] To nerve again ; 
to give new vigor to. — J. Barlow. 

Rg-$ERV.ED' (re-nervd 7 ), pp. Nerved anew. 

JtE-NF.RVTNG, ppr. Giving new vigor to. 

flE-NEW (re-nu'), v. t. [L. renovo ; or re and new.] 1. To 
renovate ; to restore to a former state, or to a good state, 
after decay or depravation ; to rebuild ; to repair. 2. To 
re-establish ; to confirm. — 1 Samuel, xi., .14. 3. To make 
again. 4. To repeat. 5. To revive, as glories. — Shak. 6. 
To begin again, as a course. — Dryden. 7. To make new ; 
to make fresh or vigorous. — 8. In theology, to make new ; 
to renovate ; to transform. 

RE-NE W'A-BLE, a. That may he renewed.— Swift. 

RE-NEW'AL, n. 1. The act of renewing ; the act of form- 
ing anew. 2. Renovation ; regeneration. 3. Revival ; 
restoration to a former or to a good state. 

RE-NE W.ED' (re-nude'), pp. or a. Made new again ; repair- 
ed ; re-established ; repeated ; revived ; renovated. 

RE-NEW'ED-LY, adv. Anew ; again. [Sometimes used by 
American clergymen, but not sanctioned in England.] > 

RE-NEW'ED-NESS, n. State of being renewed.— Hammond. 

RE-NEWER, n. One who renews. — Sherwood. 

RE-NEWING, ppr. 1. Making new again ; repairing ; re- 
establishing ; repeating ; reviving ; renovating. 2. a. Tend- 
ing or adapted to renovate ; regenerating. 

RE-NE WING, n. The act of making new ; renewal. 

REN'I-FORM, a. [L. renes, and formJ] Having the form or 
shape of the kidneys. — Kirwan. 

* REN'I-TENCE, \n. [L. renitens.] 1. The resistance of a 

* REN'I-TEN-C Y, \ body to pressure ; the effort of matter 

to resume the place or form from which it has been driv- 
en by the impulse of other matter ; the effect of elasticity. 
2. Moral resistance ; reluctance. — Darwin. 

* REN'I-TENT, a. Resisting pressure, or the effect of it ; 

acting against impulse by elastic force. — Ray. 
REN'NET, n. [G. rinnen.] The prepared stomach or the 
concreted milk found in the stomach of a sucking quadru- 
ped, particularly of the calf. It is used for coagulating 
milk, and is also written runnet. 

REN'NET-INC \ n ' ^ ^ nc * °^ a PP* e - — Mortimer. 

RE-NOUNCE' (re-nouns'), v. t. [Fr. renoncer; L. renuncio.] 
Literally, to declare off, as to any thing ; hence, 1. To re- 
fuse to own or acknowledge, as a title, claim, obligation, 
or duty ; as, to renounce pretensions or allegiance. 2. To 
break off from connection with ; as, to renounce the world. 
— Syn. To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny; 
abjure ; recant ; abandon ; forsake ; quit ; forego ; re- 
sign ; relinquish ; give up ; abdicate. 

RE-NOUNCE' (re-nouns'), v. i. 1. To declare a renuncia- 
tion ; [obs.] —2. In cards, not to follow suit when the per- 
son has a card of the same sort. 

RE-NOUNCE' (re-nouns'), n. The declining to follow suit, 
when it can be done. 

RE-NOUNOED' (re-nounsf), pp. Disowned; denied; re- 
jected; disclaimed. 

RE-NOUNCE'MENT (re-nouns'ment), n. The act of dis- 
claiming or rejecting ; renunciation. — Shak. 

RE-NOUN'CER n. One who disowns or disclaims. 

RE-NOUN'CING, ppr. Disowning ; disclaiming ; rejecting. 

RE-NOUN'CING, ft. The act of disowning, disclaiming, de- 
nying, or rejecting. 

REN'O-VaTE, v. t. [L. renovo.] To renew ; to restore to 
the first state, or to a good. state after decay, destruction, 
or depravation. 

REN'O-Va-TED, pp. or a. Renewed ; made new, fresh, or 
vigorous. 

REN'O-Va-TING, ppr. or a. Renewing. 

REN-O-Va'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. renovatio.] 1. The act of re- 
newing ; a making new after decay, destruction, or dep- 
ravation ; renewal. 2. A state of being renewed. — Milton. 

REN'O-VI-TOR. n. One who, or that which renews. 

RE-NOWN', n. [Fr. renommee.] Fame ; celebrity ; exalted 
reputation derived from the extensive praise of great 
achievements o? accomplishments. 

RE-NOWN', v. t. To make famous. — Dryden. [Rare.] 

RE-NOWN ED' (re-nownd 7 ), a. Having celebrity for great 
and heroic achievements, for distinguished qualities, or for 
grandeur. — Syn. Famed ; famous ; distinguished ; noted ; 
eminent ; celebrated ; remarkable ; wonderful. 

RE-NOWN'ED-LY, adv. With fame or celebrity. 

RE-NOWN'LESS, a. Without renown ; inglorious. 

RENT, pp. of rend. Torn asunder ; split or burst by vio- 
lence ; torn. 

RENT, n. 1. An opening produced by rending or violent 
separation. 2. A schism ; a separation. — Syn. Fissure ; 
breach ; disrupture ; rupture ; tear ; dilaceration ; break ; 
fracture. 

RENT, v. t. To tear. See Rend. 

i RENT, v. i. To rant— Hudibras. 

RENT, n. [Fr. rente ; Sp. renta ; D., Dan., G. rente.] A sum 
of money, or a certain amount of other valuable thing, is- 
suing yearly from lands or tenements ; a compensation or 



return, in the nature of an acknowledgment, for the po» 
session of a corporeal inheritance. 

RENT, v. t. 1. To lease ; to grant the possession and en 
joyment of lands or tenements for a consideration in. the 
nature of rent. 2. To take and hold by lease the posses 
sion of land or a tenement, for a consideration in the na 
ture of rent. 

RENT, v. i. To be leased, or let for rent. 

RENT'-CHXRGE, n. A charge upon an estate. 

RENT'-RoLL, n. [L. rent and roll] A rental ; a list or ac 
count of rents or income. 

RENTA-BLE, a. That may be rented. 

t RENTAGE, n. Rent. 

RENTAL, n. A schedule or account of rents. 

RENTED, pp. Leased on rent. 

RENTER, n. One who leases an estate ; more generally, tn« 
lessee or tenant who takes an estate or tenement on rent 

RENTER, v. t. [Fr. rentraire.] 1. To fine-draw ; to sew to- 
gether the edges of two pieces of cloth without doubling 
them, so that the seam is scarcely visible. — In tapestry, to 
work new warp into a piece of damaged tapestry, and on 
this to restore the original pattern or design. 3. To sew 
up artfully, as a rent. 

REN'TERED, pp. Fine-drawn ; sewed artfully together. 

REN'TER-ER, n. A fine-drawer. 

REN'TER-ING, ppr. Fine-drawing ; sewing artfully together. 

REN-Ti'ER (ran-tiaO, n. [Fr.] One who has a fixed in 
come, as from land, stocks, &c. 

RENTING, ppr. Leasing on rent ; taking on rent 

RE-Nu'MER-aTE, v. t. [L. renumero.] To recount. 

RE-Nu'MER-a-TED, pp. Recounted ; numbered again. 

RE-Nu'MER-a-TING, ppr. Recounting. 

* RE-NUN-CI-A'TION, n. [L. renunciatio.] The act of re- 
nouncing. — Syn. Renouncement ; disownment ; disavow- 
al ; disavowment; disclaimer; rejection; abjuration; re- 
cantation; denial; abandonment; relinquishment 

t REN-VEE.SE' (ren-vers^, v. t. [Fr. renvcrser.] To reverse. 

REN- VERSE', a. In heraldry, inverted ; set with the head 
downward or contrary to the natural posture. 

t REN-VERSE'MENT, n. The act of reversing. 

Re-OB-TaIN', v. t. [re and obtain.] To obtain again. 

Re-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained again. 

Re-OB-TaINED' (re-ob-tand'), pp. Obtained again. 

Re-OB-TaIN'ING, ppr. Obtaining again. 

Re-o'PEN (re-6'pn), v. t. To open again. 

RE-o'PENED, pp. Opened again. 

Re-o'PEN-ING, ppr. Opening a second time. — E. Everett. 

Re-OP-PoSE', v. t. To oppose again. 

Re-OR-DaIN', v. t. [re and ordain ; Fr. reordonner.] To or- 
dain again, as when the first ordination is defective. 

Re-OR-DHNED' (re-or-dand'), pp. Ordained again. 

RE-OR-D aIN'ING, ppr. Ordaining again. 

Re-OR'DER, v. t. To order a second time. 

Re-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. A second ordination. 

RE-OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of organizing anew. 

RE-OR'GAN-lZE, v. t. [re and organize.] To organize anew , 
to reduce asrain to a regular body, or to a system. 

RE-OR'GAN-lZED, pp. or a. Organized anew. 

RE-OR'GAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Organizing anew. 

RE-PAC'I-FiED, pp. Pacified or appeased again. 

RE-PAC'I-FY, v, t. [re and pacify.] To pacify again. 

RE-PAC'I-FY-ING, ppr. Pacifying again. 

RE-PACK', v. t. [re and pack.] To pack a second time ; as 
to repack beef or pork. 

RE-PACKED' (re-paktf), pp. Packed again. 

RE-PA€K'ER, n. One who repacks. 

RE-PACKING, ppr. Packing anew. 

RE-PaID', pp. of repay. Paid back. 

RE-PaIR', v. t. [Fr. reparer ; L. reparo.] 1. To bring back tu 
a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or 
partial destruction. 2. To rebuild a part decayed or de- 
stroyed ; to fill up. 3. To make amends, as for an injury, 
by an equivalent ; to indemnify for. — Syn. To restore ; 
recover ; renew ; amend ; mend ; retrieve ; recruit. 

RE-PaIR', n. Restoration to a sound or good state after 
decay, waste, injury, or partial destruction ; supply of 
loss ; reparation. 

RE-PaIR', v. i. [Fr. repairer.] To go to ; to betake one's 
self ; to resort. — Pope. 

RE-PaIR', n. The act of betaking one's self to any place . 
a resorting ; abode. — Dryden. 

RE-PIIR'A-BLE. a. That may be repaired ; reparable. 

RE-PaIRED' (re-pa.rd'), pp-.- Restored to a good or sound 
state ; rebuilt ; made good. 

RE-PaIR'ER, n. One who repairs or makes amends. 

RE-PaIR'ING, ppr. Restoring to a sound state ; rebuilding ; 
making amends for loss or injury. 

RE-PaIR'MENT, n. Act of repairing. 

RE-PAND', a. [L. repandus.] In botany, having an uneven, 
slightly sinuous margin, as the leaf of solanum nigrum, or 
common nightshade. — Lindley. 

RE-PAND'OUS, a. Bent upward ; convexedly crooked. 

REP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. reparabilis.] 1. That may be 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I. &c., long.— X, e, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ,—M6VF. BOOK 



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/epalred or restored to a sound or good state. 2. That 
•may be retrieved or made good. 3 That may be supplied 
by ar equivalent. — Syn. Restorable ; retrievable ; recov- 
8] wTi I. 

Q.EP A 'tA-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of restoration 
to a uood state, or of amends, supply, or indemnification. 

AEP-A-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of repairing or restoring to 
soundness or a good state. 2. Supply ofwhat is wasted. 
3. Indemnification for loss or damage. 4. A satisfaction 
for injury. — Syn. Restoration ; repair ; restitution ; com- 
pensation : amends. 

RE-PAR'A-TIVE, a. That repairs ; restoring to a sound or 
good state ; that amends defect or makes good. 

RE-PARA -TIVE, n. That which restores to a good state ; 
that which makes amends. — Wotton. 

REP-AR-TEE', n. [Fr. reparlie.] A smart, ready, and witty 
reply. — Prior. 

REP-AR-TEE', v. i. To make smart and witty replies. 

RE-PaRT-I-MI-EN'TO, n. [Sp.] A partition or distribu- 
tion, especially of slaves ; also, an assessment of taxes. — 
Irving. 

RE-PaSS', v. t. [Fr. repasser ; re and pass.] To pass again ; 
to pass or travel back. — Pope. 

RE-PaSS', v. i. To pass or go back ; to move back. 

RE-P1SS.ED' (re-pasf), pp. Passed or traveled back. 

RE-PiSS'ING, ppr. Passing back. 

RE-PaST, n. [Fr. repas, from repaitre; L. re and pasco, to 
feed.] 1. The act of taking food ; or the food taken ; a 
meal. 2. Food ; victuals. 

RE-PaST, v. t. To feed ; to feast. 

t RE-PaS'TURE, n. Food ; entertainment.— Shah. 

RE-Pa'TRI-aTE or RE-PATRI-ITE, v. t. [re,andL.patria.] 
To restore to one's own country. — Cotgrave. [Rare.] 

RE-Pa'TRI-a-TED, pp. Restored to one's own country. 

RE-Pa'TRI-a-TING, ppr. Restoring to one's own country. 

RE-PaY', v. t. [Fr. repayer ; re and pay.] 1. To pay back, as 
money. 2. To make return or requital ; [in a good or 
bad sense.] 3. To pay back to or give an equivalent ; as, 
to repay one for kindness or injury. — Syn. To refund ; re- 
store ; return ; recompense ; compensate ; remunerate ; 
satisfy ; reimburse ; reward ; requite. 

RE-PaY'A-BLE, a. That is to be repaid or refunded. 

RE-PaY'ING, ppr. Paying back ; compensating ; requiting. 

RE-PIY'MENT, n. 1. The act of paying back ; reimburse- 
ment. 2. The money or other thin? repaid. 

RE-PeAL', v. t. [Fr. rappeler; L. appello.] 1. To call back ; 
[not now applied to persons.] 2. To make void by an au- 
thoritative act, or by the same power that made or enact- 
ed, as a deed, will, law, or statute.— Syn. To revoke ; re- 
scind ; recall ; annul ; abrogate ; abolish ; cancel ; reverse. 

RE-PeAL', n. Recall from exile ; [obs.] 2. Revocation ; 
abrogation. 

RE-PEAL-A-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality or state of being 

RE-PeAL'A-BLE-NESS, 5 repealable. 

RE-Pe ALA-BLE, a. Capable of being repealed or revoked 
by the same power that enacted. — Syn. Revocable ; abro- 
gable ; voidable ; reversible. 

RE-PEAL.ED' (re-peeW), pp. P.evoked ; abrogated. 

RE-Pe AL'LR, n. One who repeals ; one who seeks a repeal. 

RE-PeAL'ING, ppr. Revoking; abrogating. 

RE-PE AT (re-peef), v. t. [Fr. repeter; It. ripetere ; Sp. re- 
pair ; L. repeto.] 1. To do, make, attempt, or utter again. 
2. To try again. 3. To quote or say from memory ; as, to 
repeat poetry. 4. To seek redress. — J. Taylor. 5. To seek 
again ; [obs.] — Syn. To iterate ; reiterate ; renew ; recite ; 
relate ; rehearse ; recapitulate. 

RE-PeAT, n. 1. In music, a mark directing a part to be re- 
peated in performance. 2. Repetition. 

RE-PeATED, pp. or a. Done, attempted, or spoken again ; 
recited. 

RE-PeATED-LY, adv. More than once ; again and again, 
indefinitely. 

RE-Pe AT'ER, n. 1. One who repeats; one who recites or 
rehearses. 2. A watch that strikes the hours at will, by 
the compression of a spring. 

RE-PeATING, ppr. 1. Doing or uttering again. 2. a. Strik- 
ing the hours ; as, a repeating watch. 

RE-PeATING CiR'CLE, n. A contrivance invented by 
Borda for determining with great accuracy the angular 
distance of two objects, by taking repeated measurements 
of it on the limb of a graduated circle. — Olmsted. 

\ REP-E-Da'TION, n. [Low L. repedo.] A stepping or going 
back. — More. 

RE-PEL', v. t. [L. repello.] 1. To drive back ; to force to 
return ; to check advance. 2. To meet with effectual re- 
sistance, as encroachment. — Syn. To repulse; resist; op- 
pose ; reject ; refuse. 
RE-PEL', v. i. 1. To act with force in opposition to force 
impressed. — 2. In medicine, to check an afflux to a part of 
the body. 
RE-PEL'L ED (re-peldO, pp. Driven back ; resisted. 
RE-PELTEN-CY, n. 1. The principle of repulsion ; the 
quality of a substance which expands or separates parti- 



cles and enlarges the volume. 2. The quality that repeia, 
drives back, or resists approach. 3. Repulsive quality. 

RE-PEL'LENT, a. Driving back ; able or tending to repel. 

RE-PEL'LENT, n. In medicine, a medicine which drives 
back morbid humors into the mass of the blood, from 
which they were unduly secreted ; a discutienL 

RE-PEL'LER, n. He or that which repels. 

RE-PELTING, ppr. or a. Driving back ; resisting approach. 

RE'PENT, a. [L. repo.] Creeping ; as, a repent root or an- 
imal. 

RE-PENT, v. i. [Fr. repentir ; It. pentire, pentirsi; Sp. arre- 
pentirse.] 1. To feel pain, sorrow, or regret for something 
done or spoken. 2. To express sorrow for something 
past. 3. To change the mind in consequence of the incon- 
venience or injury done by past conduct. — 1. Applied to 
the Sup-erne Being, to change the course of providential 
dealings. Gen.,vi. — 5. In theology, to sorrow or be pained 
for sin, as a violation of God's holy law, a dishonor to his 
character and government, and the foulest ingratitude to a 
Being of infinite benevolence. 

RE-PENT, v. t. 1. To remember with sorrow. 2. With th. 
reciprocal pronoun ; [Fr. se repentir.] — Jcr., viii. ; [obs.] 

RE-PENTANCE, n. [Fr.] i. Sorrow for any thing done o! 
said ; the pain or grief which a person experiences incot>" 
sequence of the injury or inconvenience produced by his 
own conduct. — 2. In theology, repentance is distinguished 
into evangelical and legal. The former, usually called re- 
pentance simply, is real sorrow or grief of heart for sin, aa 
an oft'ense and dishonor to God, a violation of his holy law, 
and the basest ingratitude toward a Being of infinite be- 
nevolence. The latter is sorrow, caused merely by the 
fear of punishment, which does not necessarily result in 
amendment of life. — Syn. Penitence ; contrition ; con- 
triteness ; compunction. 

RE-PENTANT, a. [Ft.] 1. Sorrowful for past conduct or 
words. 2. Sorrowful for sin. 3. Expressing or showing 
sorrow for sin. 

RE-PENTANT, n. 1. One who repents; a penitent 2. 
One who expresses sorrow for sin. — Ligktfoot. 

RE-PENTANT-LY, adv. In a repentant manner. 

RE-PENT'ED, pp. Remembered with sorrow. 

RE-PENT'ER, n. One who repents. 

RE-PENTTNG, ppr. or a. Grieving for what is past ; feeling 
pain or contrition for sin. 

RE-PENTTNG, n. Act of repenting.— Hos., xi 

RE-PENTING-LY, adv. With repentance. 

RE-PeO'PLE (re-pee'pl), v. t. [re and people ; Fr. repeupler.\ 
To people anew ; to furnish again with a stock of people. 

RE-Pe O'PLJED (re-pee'pld), pp. Stocked anew with inhab- 
itants. 

RE-PE O'PLING (re-pee'pling), ppr. Furnishing again with 
a stock of inhabitants. 

RE-PeO'PLING, n. The act of furnishing again with inhab- 
itants. — Hale. 

RE-PER-CUSS', v. t. [L. repercutio.] To beat back. 

RE-PER-€USS£D' (-kustO, pp. Beaten back. 

RE-PER-€US'SION (re-per-kush'un), n. [L. repcrcussio.] 1. 
The act of driving back ; reverberation. — 2. In music, fre- 
quent repetition of the same sound. 

RE-PER-€USS'IVE, a. 1. Driving back; having the power 
of sending back ; causing to reverberate. 2 Repellent ; 
[obs.] 3. "Driven back ; reverberated. 

t RE-PER-CUSS'IVE, n. A repellent.— Bacon. 

t REP-ER-Tl"TIOU8 (-tish'us), a. [from L. repertus.] Found ; 
gained by finding. — Diet. 

* REP'ER-TO-RY. n. [Fr. repertoire ; L. repertcrium,] 1. A 
place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, 
so that they can be easily found, as the index of a book, a 
common-place book, &c. 2. A treasury ; a magazine. 

REP-E-TEND', n. [L. repctendus.] In arithmetic, that part 
of a repeating decimal which recurs continually ad infini- 
tum. — Brande. 

REP-E-Tf"TION (rep-e-tish'un), n. [L. repetitio.] 1. The 
act of doing or uttering a second time ; iteration of the 
same act, or of the same words or sounds. 2. The act of 
reciting or rehearsing ; the act of reading over. 3. Recit 
al. 4. "Recital from memory. — 5. In music, the act of rr. 
peating, singing, or playing the same part a second time 
—6. In rhetoric, reiteration, or a repeating the same word 
or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of 
making a deeper impression on the audience. 

REP-E-Tl"TION-AL, \a. Containing repetition. [Litth 

REP-E-Tl"TION-A-RY, 5 used.] 

REP-E-Ti"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Repeating; containing repe 
tition.— Dwight. ' [Am.] 

RE-PlNE', v. i. [re and pine.] 1. To fret one's self; to bo 
discontented ; to feel inward discontent which prey3 on 
the spirits. 2. To complain discontentedly ; to murmui 
3. To envy. 

RE-PlN'ER, n. One who repines or murmurs. 

RE-PINING, ppr. 1. Fretting one's self ; feeling discontcn 
that preys on the spirits ; complaining ; murmuring. 2 
a. Disposed to murmur or complain. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ; — AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SK ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



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RE-PINTNG, n. The act of fretting or feeling discontent or 
of murmuring. — Burnet. 

RE-PlN'ING-LY, adv. With murmuring or complaint. — 
Hall._ 

RE-PL ACE', v. t. [Fr. replacer ; re and place.] 1. To put 
again in the former place. 2. To put in a new place. 3. 
To repay ; to refund. 4. To put a competent substitute 
in the place of another displaced or of something lost. 

RE PLACED' (re-plastf), pp. 1. Put again in a former place ; 
supplied by a substitute. — 2. a. In mineralogy, a term used 
when a crystal has one or more planes in place of its edg- 
es or angles. — Dana. 

RE-PLaCE'MENT, n. 1. The act of replacing.— 2. In min- 
eralogy, the removal of an edge or angle by one or more 
planes. — Dana. 

R1-PLaC'ING, ppr. Putting again in a former place ; sup- 
plying the place of with a substitute. 

RE-PLaIT', v. t. [re and plait.) To plait or fold again ; to 
fold one part over another again and again. — Dryden. 

REPLaIT'ED, pp. Folded again or often. 

RE-PL aITING, ppr. Folding again or often. 

RE-PLANT', v. t. [Fr. replanter.] To plant again. 

RE-PLANTA-BLE, a. That may be planted again. 

RE-PL ANT- a'TION, n. The act of planting again. 

RE-PLANT'ED, pp. Planted anew. 

RE-PLANTING, ppr. Planting again. 

RE-PLe AD', v. t. [re and plead.] To plead again. 

RE-PLeAD'ER, n. In law, a second pleading or course of 
pleadings ; or the power of pleading again. 

RE-PLEAD'ING, ppr. Pleading again. 

RE-PLEN'ISH. v. t. [Norm, replener.] 1. To fill ; to stock 
with numbers or abundance. 2. To finish ; to complete ; 
[obs.] 

RE-PLEN1SH, v. i. To recover former fullness. — Bacon. 

REPLENISHED (re-plen'isht), pp. Filled ; abundantly 
supplied. 

RE-PLEN'ISH-ING,#pr. Filling ; supplying with abundance. 

RE-PLeTE', a. [L. repletus.] Completely filled ; full. 

RE-PLE'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. repletio.) 1. The state of being 
completely filled ; or superabundant fullness. — 2. In medi- 
cine, fullness of blood ; plethora. 

RE-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling ; replenishing. — Cotgrave. 

\ RE-PLe'TiVE-LY, adv. So as to be filled. 

RE-PLEV'I-A-BLE, a. In law. that may be replevied. 

RE-PLEV'lED (-plev'id), pp. Taken by a writ of replevin. 

RE-PLEV'IN, n. 1. An action or remedy granted on a dis- 
tress, by which a person whose cattle or goods are dis- 
trained, has them returned to his own possession upon 
giving security to try the right of taking in a suit at law, 
and if that should be determined against him, to return the 
cattle or goods into the possession of the distrainor. 2. 
The writ by which a distress is replevied. 

RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, a. That may be replevied. 

RE-PLEV'Y, v. t. [re and pledge ; Law L. replegiare.] 1. To 
take back, by a writ for that purpose, cattle or goods that 
have been distrained, upon giving security to try the right 
of distraining in a suit at law, and if that should be determ- 
ined against the plaintiff, to return the cattle or goods into 
the hands of the distrainor. 2. To bail. 

RE-PLEV'Y-ING, ppr. Retaking a distress. 

REP-LI-CITION, n. [L. replicatio.] 1. A return or reply, 
as to a statement. — Particularly, 2. In law pleadings, the 
reply of the plaintiff to the defendant's plea. 3. Return 
or repercussion of sound; [obs.] — Syn. Answer; response; 
rejoinder. 

REP'LI-CaTE, a. In botany, folded back. — London. 

REP'LI-CATE, n. In music, a repetition. 

RE-PLlED', pp. Answered ; returned for an answer. 

RE-PLl'ER, n. One who answers ; he who speaks or writes 
in return to something spoken or written. 

RE-PLY', v. i. [Fr. repliquer : L. replico ; It. replicare ; Sp. 
replicar.] 1. To make a return in words or writing to 
something said or written by another. — 2. In law, to make 
answer to a defendant's plea. — Syn. To answer ; respond ; 
rejoin. 

RE-PLY', v. t. To return for an answer. 

RE-PLY', n. [Fr. replique ; It. replica.] 1. An answer ; that 
which is said or written in answer to what is said or writ- 
ten by another. 2. A book or pamphlet written in answer 
to another. 

RE-PLY'ING, ppr. 

RE-POL'ISH, v. t. 
again. — Donne. 

RE-POL'ISH ED (-pol'isht), pp. Polished again. 

RE-POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing anew. 

RE-PoRT', v. t. [Fr. rapporter ; L. reporto.] 1. To bear or 
bring back an answer, or to give a statement of what has 
been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore, or 
investigate. 2. To give an account of. 3. To carry a 
statement or report from one to another ; to circulate 
publicly, as a story. 4. To give an official account or 
statement. 5. To give an account or statement of cases 
end decisions in a court of law or chancery. 6. To re- 



Answering either in words or writing. 
[Fr. repolir ; re and polish.] To polish 



turn or echo, as sound ; to give back. Bacon. — To be re 
ported, or to be reported of, to be well or ill spoken of.— 
Syn. To relate ; tell ; recite ; narrate ; state ; rumor. 

RE-PoRT, v. i. To make a statement of facts. 

RE-PoRT, n. 1. A statement of facts given in reply to in- 
quiry, or by a person authorized to examine and make re- 
turn to his employer. 2. Common fame ; statement cir 
culated ; as, it is a mere report. 3. Repute ; public char- 
acter ; as, a man of good report. 4. That which is noised 
about respecting a thing ; as, " a true report of thy wisdom." 
— 1 Kings, x. 5. Sound ; noise, as of a gun. 6. A state- 
ment of a judicial opinion or decision, or of a case argued 
and determined in a court of law, chancery, &c. 7. An 
official statement of facts, verbal or written ; particularly, 
a statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited 
by an officer to his superiors. — Syn. Account ; relation ; 
narration ; detail ; description ; recital ; narrative ; story ; 
rumor ; hearsay. 

RE-PoRT'ED, pp. or a. Told, related, or stated in answer 
to inquiry or direction ; circulated in popular rumors ; ro 
puted ; 6tated officially. 

RE-PoRT'ER, n. 1. One who gives an account, verbal or 
written, official or unofficial. 2. An officer or person who 
makes statements of law proceedings and decisions, or of 
legislative debates. 

RE-PoRT'ING, ppr. or a. Giving account ; relating ; pre- 
senting statements of facts or of adjudged cases in law. 

RE-PoRTING-LY, adv. By report or common fame. 

RE-PoS'AL, n. The act of reposing or resting. — Skak. 

t RE-PoS'ANCE, n. Reliance.- J. Hall. 

RE-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. reposer ; It. riposare ; Sp. reposar.] 1. 
To lay at rest. 2. To lay or put the mind at rest in, as 
confidence or trust. 3. To lay up ; to place in a lodg 
ment. 4. To place in confidence. — Syn. To rest ; settle ; 
recline ; reposit ; deposit ; lodge. 

RE-PoSE', v. i. 1. To be at rest, as in a bed. 2. To place 
confidence. 3. To be recumbent or supported. — Syn. To 
he ; recline ; couch ; rest ; sleep ; settle ; lodge ; abide. 

RE-PoSE', n. [Fr. repos.] 1. A lying at rest. 2. A state of 
sleep, as in bed. 3. Rest of mind ; freedom from uneasi 
ness. — 4. In poetry, a resting of the voice ; a pause. — 5. In 
the ./me arts, that which affords a point of rest for the eye , 
opposed to the scattering and division of a subject into 
too many unconnected parts, and also to any thing which 
is overstrained, violent, or gorgeous. Brande. — Syn. Re- 
cumbency ; reclination ; rest ; ease ; quiet ; quietness ; 
tranquillity ; peace. 

RE-PoSED' (re-pozd'), pp. Laid at rest ; placed in confi- 
dence. 

RE-PoS'ED-NESS, n. State of being at rest. 

RE-PoS'ING, ppr. Laying at rest ; placing in confidence , 
lying at rest ; sleeping. 

RE-POS'IT, v. t. [L. repositus.] To lay up ; to lodge, as for 
safety or preservation. — Derham. 

RE-POS'IT-ED, pp. Laid up ; deposited for safety or pres- 
ervation. 

RE-POS'IT-ING, ppr. Laying up or lodging for safety or 
preservation. 

RE-PO-Si"TION, n. The act of replacing.— Wiseman. 

RE-POS'I-TO-RY, n. [L. repositorium.) A place where 
things are or may be deposited for safety or preservation 

Re-POS-SESS', v. t. [re and possess.] To possess again. 
To repossess one's self, to obtain possession again. 

Re-POS-SESSED' (re-pos-sesf), pp. Possessed again. 

Re-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Possessing again ; obtaining pos 
session again. 

Re-POS-SES'SION (-pos-sesh'un), n. The act of possessing 
again ; the state of possessing again. 

Re-PoUR', v. t. [re and pour.] To pour again. 

RE-PoURED', pp. Poured again. 

Re-PoUR'ING, ppr. Pouring again. 

REP-RE-HEND', v. t. [L. reprehendo ; Fr. reprend-e.) 1. To 
administer reproof or censure to, as persons. 2. To pass 
censure upon, as actions. 3. To detect of fallacy ; [obs.] 
4. To accuse ; to charge with a fault. Bacon. — Syn. To 
chide; reprove; censure; blame; reprimand; rebuke 

REP-RE-HEND'ED, pp. Reproved ; blamed. 

REP-RE-HEND'ER, n. One who reprehends; one who 
blames or reproves. — Hooker. 

REP-RE-HEND'ING, ppr. Reproving; blaming. 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. reprehensus.) Deserving 
reproof or blame. — Syn. Blamable ; culpable ; censurable ; 
rebukable ; reprovable. 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; culpable 
ness. 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner to de- 
serve censure or reproof. 

REP-RE-HEN'SION (-shun), n. [Fr. ; L. reprehensio.] R« 
proof ; censure ; open blame. 

REP-RE-HEN'SlVE, a. Containing reproof.— South. 

REP-RE-HEN'SO-RY, a. Containing reproof.— Boswell. 

REP-RE-SENT', v. t. [Fr. representer ; L. reprasento.] 1. 1 o 
show or exhibit by resemblance. 2. To describe ; to ex 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c.. long.— A, E, I, <fec, short.— FaR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK. 



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hibit to the mind in words. 3. To exhibit ; to show by 
action ; as, to represent a tragedy. 4. To personate ; to 
act the character or to fill the place of another in a play. 
5. To supply the place of; to act as a substitute for anoth- 
er ; as, the British parliament represents the people. — John- 
son. 6. To show by arguments, reasoning, or statement 
of facts. 7. To stand in the place of, in the right of inher- 
itance. 
REP-RE-SENT'A-BLE, a. That may be represented. 
REP-RE-SENTANCE, n. Representation ; likeness. 
r REP -RE-SENT ANT, n. A representative.— Wotton. 
REP-RE-SENT-a'TION, n. 1. The act of representing, de- 
scribing, or showing. 2. That which exhibits by resem- 
blance, as an image, picture, or statue. 3. That which 
exhibits the form or operations of a thing by something 
resembling it, as a map, plan, &c. 4. Performance, as of 
a play on the stage. 5. Theatrical performance of a char- 
acter in a play. 6. Verbal description ; a setting forth of 
arguments or facts, as in conversation, speeches, history, 
&c. 7. The business of acting as a substitute for another 
8. Representatives, as a collective body ; as, the represent 
ation of a state. 9. The act of setting forth publicly. 10, 
The standing in the place of another, as an heir, or in the 
right of taking by inheritance. — Syn. Description ; show 
delineation ; portraiture ; likeness ; resemblance ; exhibi- 
tion ; sight. 

REP-RE-SENT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. representatif.] 1. Exhibit 
ing a similitude. 2. Bearing the character or power of 
another. 
REP-RE-SENT'A-TiVE, n. 1. One who exhibits the like- 
ness of another. 2. In legislative or other business, an 
agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the place of an- 
other or others, being invested with his or their authority. 
— 3. In law, one who stands in the place of another as heir, 
or in the right of succeeding to an estate of inheritance or 
to a crown. 4. That by which any thing is exhibited or 
shown. 
REP-RE-SENTA-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In the character of an- 
other ; by a representative. 2. By substitution ; by dele- 
gation of power. 
REP-RE-SENT'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The state or quality of 

being representative.— Spectator. 
REP-RE-SENT'ED, pp. Shown ; exhibited ; personated ; 

described ; stated ; having substitutes. 
REP-RE-SENT'ER, n. 1. One who shows, exhibits, or de- 
scribes. 2. A representative ; one who acts by deputa- 
tion ; [little used.] 
REP-RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Showing ; exhibiting ; describ- 
ing; acting in another's character. 
REP-RE-SENTMENT, n. Representation ; image ; an idea 

proposed as exhibiting the likeness of something. 
RE-PRESS', v. t. [L. repressus.] 1. To put down or keep 
from rising to excess, as insubordination or mutiny. 2. 
To place under restraint or check ; as, to repress the bold. 
Waller. — Syn. To curb ; check ; restrain ; suppress ; 
smother ; quell ; subdue ; crush ; overpower, 
f RE-PRESS', n. The act of subduing. 
RE-PRESS.ED' (re-presf), pp. or a. Crushed ; subdued. 
RE-PRESS'ER, n. One who crushes or subdues. 
RE-PRESS'ING, ppr. Crushing; subduing; checking. 
RE-PRES'SION (re-presh'un), n. 1. The act of subduing. 

2. Check ; restraint. 
RE-PRESS'IVE, a. Having power to crush ; tending to 

subdue or restrain. 
RE-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. So as to repress. 
tRE-PRlEV'AL, n. Respite ; reprieve.— Overbury. 
RE-PRlEVE' (re-preevO, v. t. [Fr. reprendre, repris.] 1. To 
respite after sentence of death ; to suspend or delay the 
execution of for a time. 2. To grant a respite to ; to re- 
lieve for a time from any suffering. 
RE-PRIeVE', n. 1. The temporary suspension of the exe- 
cution of sentence of death on a criminal. 2. Respite ; in- 
terval of ease or relief. 
RE-PRIeV£D' (re-preevd'), pp. or a. Respited ; allowed a 

longer time to live than the sentence of death permits. 
RE-PRlEV'ING, ppr. Respiting ; suspending the execution 

of for a time. 
REP'RI-MAND, v. t. [Fr. reprimands.] 1. To administer 
severe reproof or rebuke to one for a fault. 2. To admin- 
ister reproof to one publicly and officially, in execution 
of a sentence. — Syn. To reprove ; reprehend ; chide ; re- 
buke ; censure ; blame. 
REP'RI-MAND, n. Severe reproof for a fault ; reprehen- 
sion, private or public. — Spectator. 
REP'Rl-MAND-ED, pp. Severely reproved. 
REP'RI-MAND-ING, ppr. Reproving severely. 
RE-PRINT', v. t. [re and print.] 1. To print again ; to print 
a second or any new edition. — Pope. 2. To renew the im- 
pression of any thing. — South. 
RE'PRINT, n. A second or a new edition of a book. 
RE-PRINT'ED, pp. Printed anew ; impressed again. 
RE-PRINT'ING, ppr. Printing again ; renewing an impres- 
sion. 



RE-PRlS'AL (re-priz'al), n. [Fr. represailles ; It. ripresagna , 
Sp. represalia.] 1. The seizure or taking of any thing 
from an enemy by way of retaliation or indemnification 
for something taken or detained by him. 2. That which 
is taken from an enemy to indemnify an owner for some- 
thing of his which the enemy has seized. 3. Recaption ; 
the taking of property from an enemy by way of retalia- 
tion or satisfaction ; as, letters of marque and reprisal. 
[See Masque.] 4. The act of retorting on an enemy by in- 
flicting suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, 
in retaliation of an act of inhumanity. — Vattel. 
t RE-PRISE', n. [¥r.] A taking by way of retaliation. 
RE-PRISE', v. t. 1. To take again.— Spenser. 2. To recom- 

pense ; to pay. — Grant. 
RE-PRlS'ING, ppr. Taking again ; recompensing. 
RE-PRlZ'ES, n. pi. In law, deductions or payments out of 
the value of lands, such as rent-charges, or annuities.— 
Brande. 
RE-PRoACH', v. t. [Fr. reprocher ; It. rimprocciare.] 1. To 
pass censure upon in terms of opprobrium or contempt ; 
as, to reproach one's shameful flight. — Dry den. 2. To 
charge with a fault in severe language. 3. To charge or 
suggest blame for any thing. 4. To treat with scorn or 
contempt. Luke, vi. — Syn. To upbraid ; censure ; blame ; 
rebuke ; condemn ; revile ; vilify. 
RE-PRoACH', n. 1. Censure mingled with contempt or de- 
rision ; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any 
person ; abusive reflections. 2. Dishonorable or shameful 
condition or treatment; as, to put one to a perpetual re- 
proach. — Ps. Ixxviii., 66. 3. Object of contempt, scorn, or 
derision. 4. That which is the cause of shame or dis- 
grace. Gen., xxx. — Syn. Disrepute ; discredit ; dishonor ; 
scandal ; opprobrium ; invective ; contumely ; reviling ; 
abuse ; vilification ; scurrility ; insolence ; insult ; scorn ; 
contempt ; ignominy ; shame ; disgrace ; infamy. 

RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. 1. Deserving reproach. 2. Oppro- 
brious ; scurrilous. — Elyot ; [not proper.] 

RE-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being reproach- 
able. _ 

RE-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. In a reproachable manner. 

RE-PR5ACH.ED' (re-prochf), pp. Censured in terms of con- 
tempt; upbraided. 

RE-PRoACH'ER, n. One who reproaches. 

RE-PRoACH'FUL, a. 1. Expressing censure with contempt, 
as language. 2. Bringing or casting reproach ; as, a re- 
proachful life. Milton. — Syn. Opprobrious ; contumeli- 
ous ; abusive; offensive; sarcastic; insulting; contempt 
uous ; scornful ; insolent ; scurrilous ; disreputable ; dis- 
creditable ; dishonorable ; shameful ; disgraceful ; scan- 
dalous ; base ; vile ; infamous. 

RE-PRoACH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In terms of reproach ; op- 
probriously; scurrilously. — 1 Tim., v. 2. Shamefully; 
disgracefully ; contemptuously. 

RE-PRoACH'ING, ppr. Censuring in terms of contempt , 
upbraiding. 

REP'RO-BaTE, a. [L. reprobatus.] 1. Not enduring proof 
or trial ; not of standard purity or fineness ; disallowed , 
rejected ; as. reprobate silver. — Jer., vi., 30. 2. Wholly giv- 
en up to sin ; lost to virtue or grace. 3. Wholly given up 
to error, or in apostasy.— Syn. Abandoned; vitiated ; de- 
praved ; corrupt ; wicked ; profligate ; base ; vile ; cast- 
away. 

REP'RO-BaTE, n. A person abandoned to sin ; one lost tn 
virtue and religion. — Raleigh. 

REP'RO-BaTE, v. t. 1. To disapprove with detestation or 
marks of extreme dislike ; to disallow. It expresses more 
than disapprove or disallow. We disapprove of slight faults 
and improprieties ; we reprobate what is mt 'ui or criminal 
— 2. In a milder sense, to disallow. 3. To gi\ * up to wick- 
edness and eternal destruction. 4. To give up to his sen- 
tence, without hope of pardon. — Syn. To condemn ; rep- 
rehend ; censure ; disown ; abandon ; reject. 

REP'RO-Ba-TED, pp. or a. Disapproved with abhorrence ; 
rejected ; abandoned to wickedness or to destruction. 

REP'RO-BaTE-NESS, n. The state of being reprobate 

REP'RO-Ba.-TER, n. One who reprobates. 

REP'RO-BI-TING, ppr. Disapproving with extreme dis- 
like ; rejecting ; abandoning to wickedness or to destruc- 
tion. 

REP-RO-BI'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reprobatio.] 1. The act of 
disallowing with detestation, or of expressing extreme dis- 
like. 2. The act of abandoning or state of being aban- 
doned to eternal destruction. 3. A condemnatory sen- 
tence; rejection. 

REP-RO-Ba'TION-ER, n. One who abandons others to 
eternal destruction. — South. 

RE-PRO-DCCE', v. t. [re and produce.] 1. To produce again ; 
to renew the production of a thing destroyed. 2. Some- 
times used for generate. 

Re-PRO-DuCED' (re-pro-dusf), pp. Produced anew. 

Re-PRO-DuC'ER, n. One or that which reproduces. 

Re-PRO-DuC'ING, ppr. Producing anew. 

RE-PRO-DUCTION, n. 1. The act or process of rcproduc- 



D6VE ;— BU LL, tJNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"C10US.— € as K ; <S as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



REP 



844 



REQ 



tng that which has been destroyed. 2. Sometimes used 
for generation. — Brandt. 

Re-PRO-DUC'TiVE, \a. Pertaining to or used in repro- 

Re-PRO-DUCTO-RY, 5 duction.— Lyell. 

Be-PRO-MUL'GaTE, v. t. To promulgate again. 

Re-PRO-MUL-Ga'TION, n. A second promulgation. 

RE-PROOF', n. [from reprove.] 1. A charge of misconduct 
or imputation of fault made to the face. 2. A charge of 
misconduct or fault directed to a person. — Syn. Repre- 
hension; chiding; reprimand; rebuke; censure; blame. 

SE-PRoV'A-BLE, a. [from reprove.] Worthy of reproof ; 
deserving censure. Taylor. — Syn. Blamable ; censurable ; 
reprehensible ; culpable ; rebukable. 

RE-PRoV'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being reprovable. 

RE-PROV'A-BLY, adv. In a reprovable manner. 

RE-PRoVE', v. t. [Fr. reprouver ; L. reprobo.] 1. To cast 
blame or censure on, as a person. 2. To charge with a 
fault to the face. — Luke, iii. 3. To charge with blame for : 
with of; as, to reprove one of laziness. — Carew. 4. To con- 
vince of a fault, or to make it manifest. — John, xvi. 5. To 
refute ; to disprove ; [obs.] 6. To excite a sense of guilt. 
"I To manifest silent disapprobation or blame. — Syn. To 
reprehend ; chide ; rebuke ; scold ; blame ; censure. 

RE-PRo YEY)' (re-proovd'), pp. Blamed ; reprehended ; con- 
vinced of a fault. 

RE-PRoV'ER, n. One who reproves; he or that which 
blames. — South. 

RE-PRoV'ING, ppr. Blaming; censuring. 

RE-PRoV'ING-LY, adv. In a reproving manner. 

Re-PRONE', v. t. [re and prune.] To prune a second time. 

RE-PRuN.ED',^>. Pruned a second time. 

Re-PRuN'ING, ppr. Pruning a second time. 

REP-Ta'TION, n. [L. reptatio.] The act of creeping or 
crawling. — Brande. 

REP'TlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. reptilis.] 1. Creeping ; moving on 
the belly, or with many small feet. 2. Groveling ; low ; 
vulgar. 

REP'TlLE, n. 1. An animal that moves on its belly, or by 
means of small, short legs, as snakes, lizards, tortoises, 
and the like. Reptiles are cold-blooded, vertebrated, and 
breathe air. Frogs and toads are generally classed among 
reptiles (reptilia). 2. A groveling or very mean person ; 
[a term of contempt.] 

REP-TIL'I-AN, a. Belonging to the reptilia, or reptiles. — 
Lyell. 

REP-TIL'I-AN, n. An animal of the order reptilia ; a reptile. 
— Lyell. 

RE-PUB'LI€, n. [L. respublica.] 1. A commonwealth ; a 
state in which the exercise of the sovereign power is lodged 
in representatives elected by the people. 2. Common in- 
terest; the public; [obs.]— Republic of letters, the collect- 
ive body of literary or learned men. 

RE-FuB'LI€-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to a republic ; consisting 
of a commonwealth. 2. Consonant to the principles of a 
republic. 

RE-PUB'LI€-AN, n. One who favors or prefers a republic- 
an form of government. 

RE-PUB'LI€-AN-ISM, n. 1. A republican form or system 
of government. 2. Attachment to a republican form of 
government. 

RE-PUB'LI€-AN-lZE, v. t. T'o convert to republican prin- 
ciples. — Ramsay. 

RE-PUB-LI€-A'T10N, n. [re and publication.] 1. A second 
publication, or a new publication of something before 
published. 2. A second publication, as of a former will ; 
renewal. 

RE-PUB'LISH, v. t. [re and publish.] 1. To publish a sec- 
ond time, or to publish a new edition of a work before 
published. 2. To publish anew. 

RE-PUB'LISH.ED (-pubTisht), pp. Published anew. 

RE-PUB'LISH-ER, n. One who republishes. 

RE-PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. Publishing again. 

RE-Pu'DI-A-BLE, a. [from repudiate.] That may be reject- 
ed ; fit or proper to be put away. 

RE-Pu'DI-ITE, v. t. [Fr. repudier ; L. repudio.] 1. To cast 
away ; to reject ; to discard ; as, to repudiate a doctrine. 
2. To refuse any longer to acknowledge ; to disclaim, as 
when a state repudiates its debts ; [recent.] 3. Appropri- 
ately, to put away ; to divorce, as a wife. 

RE-Pu'DI-A-TED, pp. Cast off; rejected; discarded; dis- 
claimed ; divorced. 

RE-Pu'DI-A-TTNG, ppr. Casting off; disclaiming; divorcing. 

RE-PU-DI-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. repudiatio.] 1. Rejection ; 
the act of disclaiming, as of a doctrine. 2. The refusal on 
the part of a state or government to pay its debts ; [re- 
cent.] 3. Divorce. — Arbuthnot. 

RE-PO'DI-A-TOR, n. One who repudiates. 

t RE-POGN' (re-pune'), n. [L. repugno.] To oppose ; to re- 
sist. 

RE-PUG'NANCE, ) n. [Fr. repugnance ; It. ripugnanza ; L. 

RE-PUG'NAN-CY, 3 repugnantia.] 1. Opposition of mind; 
as, a repugnance to labor. 2. Opposition or struggle of 
passions; resistance.— South. 3. Opposition of principles 



or qualities ; as, difference without repugnancy. Hooka 
— Syn. Reluctance ; unwillingness ; aversion ; dislike ; an 
tipathy ; hatred ; hostility ; irreconcilableness ; contrari 
ety ; inconsistency. 

RE-PUG'NANT, a. [Fr.; L. repugn ans.] 1. Characterized 
by opposition or contrariety ; as, a sentiment repugnant 
to the word of God. 2. Disobedient ; not obsequious ; [obs.] 
— Syn. Opposite ; opposed ; adverse ; contrary ; incon 
sistent ; irreconcilable ; hostile ; inimical. 

RE-PUG'NANT-LY, adv. With opposition; r contradic 
tion. — Brown. 

RE-PUG'NaTE, v. t. To oppose ; to fight again3t 

Re-PUL'LU-LaTE, v. i. [L. re and pullulo.] To bud agaia. 
— Howell. 

Re-PUL-LU-La'TION, n. The act of budding again. 

RE-PULSE' (re-puls'), n. [L. repulsa.] 1. A being checked 
in advancing, or driven back by force. 2. Refusal; de- 
nial. 

RE-PULSE', v. t. [L. repulsus.] To repel ; to beat or drive 
back. — Milton. 

RE-PULS.ED' (re-pulst'), pp. Repelled ; driven back. 

RE-PULS'ER, n. One who repulses or drives back. 

RE-PULS'ING, ppr. Driving back. 

RE-PUL'SION (re-pul'shun), n. 1. In physics, that power by 
which bodies or the particles of bodies are made to recede 
from each other. — P. Cyc. 2. The act of repelling. 

RE-PULS'IVE, a. 1. Repelling ; driving off or keeping from 
approach. 2. Cold; reserved; forbidding. 

RE-PULS'fVE-LY, adv. By repulsing. 

RE-PULS'lVE-NESS, n. The quality of being repulsive or 
forbidding. 

RE-PULSE'LESS, a. That can not be repelled. 

RE-PULS'O-RY, a. Repulsive ; driving back. 

RE -PURCHASE, v. t. [re and purchase.] To buy again; to 
buy back ; to regain by purchase or expense. 

Re-PUR'CHASE, n. The act of buying again ; the purchase 
again of what has been sold. 

Re-PUR'CHAS£D (-pur'chast), pp. Bought back or again ; 
regained by expense. — Shak. 

Re-PUR'CHAS-ING, ppr. Buying back or again ; regaining 
by the payment of a price. 

REP'U-TA-BLE, a. 1. Being in good repute ; held in es- 
teem ; as, a reputable man or character ; reputable con- 
duct. It expresses less than respectable and honorable, de- 
noting the good opinion of men, without distinction or 
great qualities. 2. Consistent with reputation ; not mean 
or disgraceful. — Syn. Respectable ; creditable ; honorable ; 
estimable. 

REP'U-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being reputable. 

REP'U-TA-BLY, adv. With reputation ; without disgrace 
or discredit. 

REP-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reputatio.] 1. Good name , 
the character which is derived from a favorable public 
opinion. 2. Character by report ; [in a good or bad sense.] 
— Syn. Credit ; repute ; regard ; estimation ; esteem ; hon- 
or; fame. 

RE-Pu'TA-TIVE-LY, adv. By repute. 

RE-PuTE', v. t. [L. reputo ; Fr. reputer.] To think ; to ac 
count ; to hold ; to reckon. — Shak. 

RE-PuTE', n. 1. Reputation ; good character ; the credit 
or honor derived from common or public opinion. 2 
Character ; [in a bad sense.] 3. Established opinion. 

RE-PuTED, pp. or a. Reckoned ; accounted. 

RE-PuT'ED-LY, adv. In common opinion or estimation. 

RE-POTE'LESS, a. Disreputable ; disgraceful. 

RE-POTING, ppr. Thinking; reckoning; accounting. 

RE-QUEST, n. [Fr. requite; L. rcquisitus ; Sp. rcqutsta.] 
1. The expression of desire to some person for something 
to be granted or done. 2. The expression of desire to a 
superior or to the Almighty. — Phil., iv. 3. The thing asked 
for or requested. 4. A state of being desired or held in 
such estimation as to be 6ought after or pursued.— In re- 
quest, in demand ; in credit or reputation. — Court of Re- 
quests, in England, 1. An ancient court of equity, inferior 
to the Court of Chancery ; now abolished. — Brande. 2. 
A local tribunal, sometimes called a court of conscience, 
founded by act of parliament to facilitate the recovery of 
6mall debts from any inhabitant or trader in the district 
defined by the act. P. Cyc. — Syn. Asking ; solicitation ; 
petition ; prayer ; supplication ; entreaty ; suit. 

RE-QUEST, v. t. [Fr. requeter.] 1. To express desire for ; 
as, to request an answer. 2. To express desire to ; as to 
request one to answer.— Syn. To ask ; solicit ; desire ; en- 
treat; beseech. 

RE-QUEST'ED, pp. Asked ; desired ; solicited. 

RE-QUEST'ER, n. One who requests ; a petitioner. 

RE-QUESTTNG, #pr. Asking; petitioning. 

RE-QUICKAEN, v. t. [re and quicken.] To reanimate ; t 
give new life to.— Shak. 

RE-QUI€K'JBN£D, pp. Reanimated. 

RE-QUICK'JFN-ING, ppr. Reanimating- invigorating. 

Re'QUI-EM, n. [L.] In the Roman Catholic Church, a bymis 
or mass suna; for the dead, for the rest of his soul ; so called 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long.—A, K, I, &.c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MA PaNE. BiRD ;— MOVE. BOOK. 



RES 



845 



RES 



rrom the first word. 2. A grand musical composition per- 
formed in honor of some deceased person. — Brandt. 3. 
Rest ; quiet : peace ; [obs.] 
RE-QUl'E-TO-RY, n. [Low L. requietorium.] A sepulchre. 

ftE'QUIN, re. [Fr ] The French name of the white shark.— 
Jardine's Nat. Lib. 

RE-QUIRA-BLE, a. [from require.'] That may be required ; 
tit or proper io be demanded. — Hale. 

RJE-QUIRE' ». t. [L. requiro ; Fr., Sp. requerir.] 1. To ask, 
as of right and by authority ; as, to require of one a report ; 
to require one to report 2. To call for ; to render neces- 
sary. 3. To ask as a favor ; to request. 4. To call to ac- 
count for. — Ezelc, xxxiv. 5. To make necessary.— 1 Sam., 
xxi. 6. To avenge ; to take satisfaction for. 1 Sam., xx. 
— Syn. To claim ; exact ; enjoin ; prescribe ; direct ; or- 
der ; demand ; need. 

(iE-QUIE.£D' (re-quird'), pp. or a. Demanded ; needed ; 
necessary. 

RE-QUlRE'MENT, re. That which is required. Scott.— 
Syn. JDemand; claim; requisition. 

RE-QUlR'ER, re. One who 1 3quires. 

RE-QUlRTNG, ppr. Demanding; needing. 

REQ'UI-SlTE (rek'we-zit), a. [L. requisilus.] Required by 
the nature of things or by circumstances ; not to be dis- 
pensed with.— Syn. Necessary ; needful ; indispensable ; 
essential. 

REQ'UI-SlTE (rek'we-zit), re. That -^bich is necessary ; 
something indispensable. 

REQ'UI-SlTE-LY" (rek'we-zit-le), adv. Necessarily; in a 
requisite manner. — Boyle. 

REQ'UI-SlTE-NESS, re. The state of being requisite or nec- 
essary ; necessity. — Boyle. 

REQ-UI-Sl'TION (rek-we-zish'un), re. [Fr. j It. requisizione.} 
1. Demand ; application made as of righv. 2. A written 
call or invitation ; as, a requisition for a public meeting ; 

liE-QUIST-TIVE, a. Expressing or implying demand. 
RE-QUIS'I-TO-RY, a. Sought for ; demanded. [Rare.] 
RE-QUl'TAL, n. [from requite.] 1. Return for any treat- 
ment, either good or bad. 2. Return ; reciprocal action. 
Waller. — Syn. Compensation ; recompense ; remunera- 
tion ; reward ; satisfaction ; payment ; retribution ; re- 
taliation ; punishment 
RE-QUTTE', v. t. [from quit ; Ir. cuitighim.] 1. To make a 
return for any treatment, either good or evil ; in a good 
sense, to return an equivalent in good. 2. To do or give 
in return. — Syn. To repay ; reward ; pay ; compensate ; 
remunerate ; satisfy ; recompense ; retaliate ; punish. 
RE-QUlT'ED, pp. Repaid ; recompensed ; rewarded. 
RE-QUlT'ER, n. One who requites. 
RE-QUlTTNG, ppr. Recompensing ; rewarding ; giving in 

return. 
RSRE'-FIeF, n. A fief held of a superior feudatory ; an 

under fief, held by an under tenant. — Blackstone. 
ReRE'-MOUSE, n. [Sax. hreremus.] A bat. See Rear- 
mouse. 
ReRE'-WARD, re. [rear and ward.] The part of an army 

that marches in the rear, as the guard ; the rear-guard. 
Re -RE-SOLVE' (re-re-zolv'), v. t. To resolve a second time. 
Re-R_E-SOLV£D', pp. Resolved a second time. 
Re-SaIL', v. t. or i. [re and sail.] To sail back. — Pope. 
Re-SaILED', pp. Sailed back. 
Re-SaIL'ING, ppr. Sailing back. 

Re-SaLE', n. [re and sale.] 1. A sale at second hand. 2. 
A second sale ; a sale of what was before sold to the pos- 
sessor^ 
Re-SA-LuTE', v. t. [L. resaluto; Fr. resaluer.] 1. To salute 

or greet anew. 2. To return a salutation. 
Re-SA-LiT'ED, pp. Saluted again. 
Re-SA-LuTING, ppr. Saluting anew. 

RE-SCIND', v. t. [L. rescindo ; Fr. rescinder.] 1. To render 
null or make void an act by the enacting or superior au- 
thority. 3. To cut oft"; [obs.]— Syn. To revoke; repeal ; 
abrogate ; annul ; recall ; reverse ; vacate ; void. 
RE-SCL\D'ED, pp. Abrogated; revoked; annulled. 
RE-SCIND'ING, ppr. Abrogating; revoking; annulling. 
RE-SCIS'SION (re-sizh'un). re. [Fr. rescision ; L. rescissus.] 
1. The act of abrogating, annulling, or vacating. 2. A cut- 
ting off. 
RE-SCIS'SO-RY, a. [Fr. rescisoire.] Having power to cut 

off or to abrogate. — Selden. 
RES'COUS (-kus), re. In law. See Rescue. 
RE-S€RlBE', v. t. [L. rescribo.] 1. To write back. 2. To 

write over again. 
RE'SCRiPT, n. [L. rescriptum.] 1. In Roman antiquity, the 
answer of an emperor, when consulted by particular per- 
sons on some difficult question, having substantially the 
force of an edict— S?nith's Diet. Hence, 2. An edict or 
decree. 
i RE-S€RIP'TION, re. A writing back ; the answering of a 

letter. — Loveday. 
RE-S€RIPT / lVE"-LY, adv. By rescript.— Burke. [Unusual.] 
HES'€U-A-BLE, a. That may be rescued.— Gayton. 



RES'€uE (resTcu), v. t. [Norm, rescure ; Fr. recourre, rtcou* , 
It riscattare.] To set free from any confinement, danger 
or evil; to restore to liberty after suffering restraint- 
Syn. To retake; recapture; free; deliver; liberate; save 
RES'€uE. re. 1. Deliverance from restraint, violence, or 
danger, by force or by the interference of an agent. — 2. In 
law, rescue or rescous, the forcible retaking of a lawfel dis- 
rres3_from the distrainor, or from the custody of the law. 
RES'GujED, pp. or a. Delivered from confinement or 

danger 
RES'€U-ER, re. One who rescues or retakes. — Kent. 
RES'€U-ING, ppr. Liberating from restraint or danger. 
RE-SEARCH' (re-serch'), re. [Fr. recherche.] A diligent ana 
protracted seeking of facts or principles ; laborious or 
continued search after truth. — Syn. Investigation ; exam 
ination ; inquiry ; scrutiny. 
RE-SEARCH' (re-serch'), v. t. [Fr. rechercher.] 1. To search 
or examine with continued care ; to seek diligently for 
the truth. 2. To search again ; to examine anew. 
RE-S£ARCH'ING (re-serch'ing), ppr. Examining with con- 
tinued care. 
RE-SeAR.CH'ER (re-scrch'er), re. One who diligently in 

quires or examines. 
Re-SeAT', v. t. [re and seat.] To seat or set again. 
Re-SeATED, pp. Seated again. 
Re-SeATING, ppr. Seating again. 
RE-SECTION, n. [L. rescctio, reseco.] The act of cutting 

or paring off. — Cotgrave. 
Re-SEEK', v. t. ; pret and pp. resought. To seek again. 
Re-SeIZE', v. t. [re and seize.] 1. To seize again ; to seize 
a second time. — 2. In law, to take possession of lands and 
tenements which have been disseized. 
Re-SeIZ£D' (re-seezd'), pp. Seized again. 
Re-3eIZ'ER re. One who seizes again. 
Re-3eIZTNG, ppr. Seizing again. 
Re-SeIZ'URE (re-se'zhur), re. A second seizure . the act 

of seizing again. — Bacon. 
RE-SELL', v. t. To sell again. 
Re-SELL'ING, ppr. Selling again. 
t RE-SEM'BL A-BLE, a. That may be compared. 
RE-SEM'BLANCE, re. [Fr. re.ssemblance.] 1. The state ol 
being like, or having similar external form or qualities 
2. Something similar.— Syn. Likeness ; similarity ; simil- 
itude ; semblance ; representation ; image. 
RE-SEM'BL E (re-zem'bl), v. t. [Fr. rcssenibler ; It. rassem- 
brare.] 1. To have the likeness of ; to be like ; to bear 
the similitude of something, either in form, figure, or 
qualities. 2. To liken ; to compare ; to represent as like 
something else. 
RE-SEM'BL ED (-zem'bld), pp. Likened ; compared. 
RE-SEM'BLING, ppr. Having the likeness of; likening, 

comparing. 
RE-SEND', v. t.; pret. and pp. resent, [re and send.] Tc 

send again ; to send back. — Shak. 
RE-SENT, v. t. [Fr. ressentir.] Literally, to have a corre 
sponding sentiment Hence, 1. To take well ; to receive 
with satisfaction ; [obs.] 2. To take ill ; to consider as 
an injury or affront ; to be in some degree angry or pro- 
voked at. 
Re-SENT, pp. Sent again. 
RE-SENT'ED, pp. Taken ill ; being angry at. 
RE-SENTER, n. 1. One who resents ; one who feels an 
injury deeply. 2. In the sense of one who takes a tiling 
well; [obs.] 
RE-SENT'FUL, a. Easily provoked to anger ; of an irrita- 
ble temper. 
RE-SENTFUL-LY, adv. With resentment. 
RESENTING, ppr. Taking ill : feeling angry at. 
RE-SENT'ING-LY, adv. l."With a sense of wrong or af- 
front ; with a degree of anger. 2. With deep sense or 
strong perception ; [obs.] 
RE-SENT1VE, a. Easily provoked or irritated ; quick to 

feel an injury or affront— Thomson. 
RE-SENT'MENT, re. [Fr. ressentiment ; It. risentrmento.] 1. 
The excitement of passion which proceeds from a sense 
of wrong offered to ourselves, or to those who ara con- 
nected with us. 2. Strong perception of good.— Afore J 
[ 00Sm ] — Syn. Anger ; irritation ; vexation ; displeasure ; 
grudge ; indignation ; choler ; gall ; ire ; wrath : rage ; fury. 
RES-ER-Va'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reservo.] 1. The act of re- 
serving or keeping back or in the mind ; reserve ; con- 
cealment or withholding from disclosure. 2. Something 
withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given 
up or brought forward.— In the United States, a portion of 
the public land reserved for some special purpose, as for 
the use of Indians, for schools, &c. 3. Custody ; state of 
being treasured up or kept in store. Shak. — 1. In laic, a 
clause or part of an instrument by which something is re- 
served, not conceded or granted ; also, a proviso. — Menial 
reservation is the withholding or failing to disclose some- 
thing that affects a statement promise, <fcc, and which, H 
disclosed, would materially vary its import 
RE-SERV'A-TlYE, a. Keeping ; reserving. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, YfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, r Obsolete. 



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Rti-SERVA-TO-RY, n. [from reserve.) A place in which 
things are reserved or kept. — Woodward. 

RE-SERVE' (re-zerv'), v. t. [Fr. resereer; L. reseroo.] 1. 
To keep in store for future or other use ; to withhold 
from present use for another purpose. 2. To keep ; to 
hold ; to retain. 3. To lay up and keep for a future time. 

RE-SERVE', n. 1, That which is kept for other or future 
use ; that which is retained from present use or disposal. 
2. Something in the mind withheld from disclosure. 3. An 
exception or withholding ; as, "what reserve forbids to taste." 
— Milton. 4. Exception in favor. 5. Restraint of freedom 
in words or actions ; caution in personal behavior. — 6. In 
law, that part of an instrument by which something is re- 
served. — In reserve, in store ; in keeping for other or fu- 
ture use. — Body of reserve, in military affairs, a select body 
of troops in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, re- 
served to sustain the other lines as occasion may require ; 
a body of troops kept for an exigency. — Syn. Reserva- 
tion ; retention ; limitation ; backwardness ; reservedness ; 
coldness ; shyness ; coyness ; modesty. 

RE-SERVED' (re-zervd'), pp. 1. Kept for another or future 
use. 2. a. Not free or frank in words, actions, or social 
intercourse. — Syn. Retained ; excepted ; withheld ; re- 
strained ; cautious ; backward ; cold ; shy ; coy ; modest 

RE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. 1. With reserve ; with backward- 
ness ; not with openness or frankness. 2. Scrupulously ; 
cautiously ; coldly. — Pope. 

RE-SERVED-NESS, n. Closeness; want of frankness, 
openness, or freedom. — South. 

RE-SERVER, n. One who reserves. 

RE-SERVING, ppr. Keeping back ; keeping for other use, 
or for use at a future time ; retaining. 

RES-ER-VOIR' (rez-er-vworO, n. [Fr.] A place where any 
thing is kept in store, particularly, a place where water is 
collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a 
fountain, a canal, or a city by means of aqueducts, or to 
drive a mill-wheel and the like ; a cistern ; a mill-pond ; 
a basin. 

RE-SET', v. t. ; pret. and pp. reset. 1. In Scots law, to re- 
ceive stolen goods. — 2. Among printers, to set over again, 
as a page of matter. 

RE-SET, n. 1. In Scots law, the receiving of stolen goods, 
or harboring of a criminal. Jamieson. — 2. Among print- 
ers, matter reset. 

RE-SET'TER n. In Scots law, a receiver of stolen goods. — 
Bouvier. 

RE-SET'TLE (-sef tl), v. t. [re and settle.] 1. To settle again. 
— Swift. 2. To install, as a minister of the Gospel. 

RE-SETTLE, v. i. To settle in the ministry a second time ; 
to be installed. * 

RE-SETTLjBD, pp. Settled again ; installed. 

RE-SETTLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of settling or compos- 
ing again. 2. The state of settling or subsiding again. 3. 
A second settlement in the ministry. 

RE-SETTLING, ppr. Settling again ; installing. 

RE-SHaPE', v. t. To shape again. 

RE-SHaPED' (-shapte), pp. Shaped again. 

RE-SHaP'ING, ppr. Shaping a second time. 

RE-SHIP', v. t. [re and ship.] To ship again ; to ship what 
has been conveyed by water or imported. 

RE-SHIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of shipping or loading on 
board of a ship a second time. 2. That which is reshipped. 

RE-SHIPPED' (re-shipf), pp. Shipped again. 

RE-SHIP'PING, ppr. Shipping again. 

IRe'SI-ANCE, n. Residence; abode. — Bacon. 

f Re'SI-ANT, a. [Norm. resiant.] Resident; dwelling; pres- 
entin a place. — Knolles. 

RE-SlDE', v. i. [Fr. resider ; L. resideo, resido.] 1. To con- 
tinue in a place as an inhabitant permanently or for a 
length of time ; to have a settled abode for a time. 2. To 
sink to the bottom of liquors ; to settle ; [obs.] Syn. To 
dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live; domicili- 
ate ; domicile. 

RES'l-DENCE, \n. [Fr.] 1. The act of abiding or dwell- 

RES'I-DEN-CY, > ing in a place for some continuance of 
time. 2. The place where one resides. 3. That which 
falls to the bottom of liquors ; [obs.] — 4. In the canon and 
common law, the abode of a parson or incumbent on his 
benefice ; opposed to non-residence. — Syn. Domiciliation ; 
inhabitancy ; sojourn ; stay ; abode ; home ; dwelling ; 
habitation ; domicile ; mansion. 

RES'I-DENT, a. [L. residens ; Fr. resident.] Dwelling or 
abiding in a place for a length of time, but not definite. 

RES'I-DENT, n. 1. One who resides or dwells in a place for 
some time. 2. A public minister who resides at a foreign 
court. — Syn. Inhabitant ; inhabiter ; dweller ; sojourner. 

RES'I-DENT-ER, n. A resident. 

RES-I-DEN'TIAL (-shal), a. Residing. 

RES-I-DEN'TIA-RY, a. Having residence— More. 

RES-I-DEN'TIA-RY, n. An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain 

residence. — Eccles. Canons. 
RE-SlD'ER, n. One who resides in a particular place. 
RE-SiDTNG, ppr. Dwelling in a place for some length of time. 



RE-SID1T-AL, a. Remaining after a part is taken. — Davy. 

RE-SIDtJ-A-RY, a. [L. residuus.] Pertaining to the residue 
or part remaining. — Residuary legatee, in law, the legatee 
to whom is bequeathed the part of goods and estate 
which remains after deducting all the debts and specific 
legacies. 

RES'I-DuE (rez'e-du), n. [Pv.residu; L. residuus.] 1. That 
which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed 
or designated. 2. That which remains due of a debt oi 
account ; that which remains of the estate of a testatoi 
after the payment of debts and legacies. — Syn. Rest ; re 
mainder ; remnant ; balance ; residuum. 

RE-SID'U-UM, n. [L.] 1. Residue ; that which is left aftei 
any process of separation or purification. — 2. In lazo, the 
part of an estate or of goods and chattels remaining after 
the payment of debts and legacies. 

t RE-SIe&E' (re-seej'), v. t. [re and siege.] To seat again : 
to reinstate. — Spenser. 

RE-SlGN' (re-zine'), v. t. [Fr. resigner ; L. resigno.] The 
radical sense is to send back or give back, and hence to 
give up or yield into the hands of another ; as, to resign a 
commission ; to resign all claims or pretensions ; to resign 
one's judgment to the direction of others ; to resign one's 
self without resistance or murmur. — Syn. To surrender , 
submit ; leave ; relinquish ; forego ; quit ; forsake ; aban 
don ; renounce ; abdicate. 

RE-SlGN' (re-sine'), v. t. To sign again. 

t RE-SIGN', n. Resignation. 

RES-IG-Na'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of resigning or giv- 
ing up, as a claim or possession. 2. The act of yielding 
or giving up into the hands of others ; as, a resignation of 
one's claims, judgment, &c. 3. The act of quietly sub- 
mitting to the will of Providence without resistance or 
complaint. — Syn. Surrender; surrendry; relinquishment; 
forsaking; abandonment; abdication; renunciation; sub- 
mission ; acquiescence ; patience ; endurance. 

RE-SIGNED' (re-zind'), pp. 1. Given up ; surrendered ; 
yielded. 2. a. Submissive to the will of God. 

RE-SlGN'ED-LY, adv. With submission. 

RE-SlGN'ER, n. One who resigns. 

RE-SlGN'ING, ppr. Giving up ; surrendering ; submitting. 

t RE-SlGN'MENT, n. The act of resigning. 

RE-SlLE', v. i. [L. resilio.] To start back ; to recede from 
a purpose. — Ellis. [Little used.] 

* RE-SIL'I-ENCE, 1 n. [L. resiliens.] The act of leaping or 

* RE-SIL'I-EN-CY, $ springing back, or the act of rebound- 

ing. 

* RE-SIL1-ENT, a. [L. resiliens.] Leaping or starting back , 

rebounding. 

RES-I-LI"TION (rez-e-lish'un;, n. [L. resilio.] The act of 
springing back ; resilience. 

RES'IN, n. [Fr. resine ; L., It., Sp. resina ; Ir. roiain.] A 
name given to numerous solid inflammable substances, in 
soluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and in essentia^ 
oils. Resins, when cold, are more or less brittle and 
translucent, and of a color inclining to yellow. When 
pure, they are nearly insipid and inodorous. They are 
non-conductors of electricity, and melt by heat. They 
frequently exude from trees in combination with essential 
oils, and in a liquid or semi-liquid state. 

RES'IN-EX-TRA€T'lVE, a. Designating extractive matter 
in which resin predominates. 

RES-IN-IF'ER-OUS, n. [L. resina and fero.] Yielding resin. 

RES'IN-I-FORM, a. Having the form of resin.— Cyc. 

RES'IN-0-E-LE€'TRI€, a. Containing or exhibiting nega- 
tive electricity, or that kind which is produced by the fric 
tion of resinous substances. — Ure. 

RES'IN-OUS, a. Partaking of the qualities of resin ; like 
resin. — Resinous electricity is that excited by the friction 
of resinous substances. It is also called negative electric- 
ity, and is opposed to vitreous or positive electricity. 

RES'IN-OUS-LY, adv. By means of resin.— Gregory. 

RES1N-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being resinous. 

RES'IN-Y, a. Like resin, or partaking of its qualities. 

RES-I-PIS'CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. resipisco.] Properly, wis 
dom derived from severe experience ; hence, repentance. 
[Little used.] 

RE-SIST (re-zisf), v. t. [L. resisto ; Fr. resister ; Sp. resistir.] 
1. Literally, to stand against ; hence, to act in opposition 
to ; as, to resist the force of a current, the attacks of an 
enemy, &c. 2. To strive against ; to endeavor to coun- 
teract, defeat, or frustrate. 3. To encounter with effectu- 
al opposition ; as, " God resistcth the proud." James, iv.. 
6. — Syn. To withstand ; oppose ; hinder ; check ; thwart . 
baffle ; disappoint. 

RE-SIST, v. i. To make opposition.— Shak. 

RE-SIST'ANCE, n. 1. The act of resisting. 2. The quality 
of not yielding to force or external impression ; a power 
by which motion or tendency to motion in any body is 
impeded ei prevented. P. Cyc— Syn. Opposition; re 
buff ; hinderance ; check. 

RE-SIST' ANT, n. He or that which resists.— Pearson. 

RE-SIST'ED, pp. Opposed ; counteracted; withstood. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL WHAT ,— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; -MfJVE, BOOK 



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RE-SISTER, n. One who opposes or withstands. 

RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, \n. 1. The quality of resisting. 2. 

RE-SISTI-RLE-NESS, J Quality of being resistible. 

RE-SISTI-BLE, a. That may be resisted.— Hale. 

RE-S1STI-BLY, adv. In a resistible manner. 

RE-SISTTNG, ppr. or a. Withstanding ; opposing.— Resist- 
ing medium, one which opposes the passage of a body 
through it. In astronomy, an exceedingly rare medium 
supposed to be diffused through the planetary spaces. — 
Olmsted. 

RE-SIST'I VE, a. Having the power to resist.— Ben Jonson. 

RE-SISTLESS, a. 1. That can not be effectually opposed ; 
irresistible. 2. That can not resist ; helpless. — Spenser. 

RE-SISTLESS-LY, adv. So as not to be opposed or denied. 
— Blackmail. 

RE-SISTLES8-NESS, n. State of being irresistible. 

Re-SoLD', pp. of resell. Sold a second time, or sold after 
being bought. 

RES'O-LU-BLE (rez'o-lu-bl), a. [re. and L. solubilis.] That 
may be melted or dissolved. — Boyle. 

RES'O-LUTE, a. [Fr. resolu ; It. rcsoluto.] Having fixed- 
ness of purpose ; hence, characterized by firmness and 
constancy in pursuing a purpose. — 3yn\ Determined ; de- 
cided ; fixed ; steadfast ; steady ; constant ; persevering ; 
firm ; bold ; unshaken. 

RES'O-LUTE-LY, adv. 1. With fixed purpose ; firmly ; 
steadily ; with steady perseverance. 2. Boldly ; firmly. 

RES'O-LUTE-NESS, n. Fixed purpose ; firm determina- 
tion ; unshaken firmness. 

RES-O-Lu'TION (rez-o-lu'shun), n. [Fr. ; L. resolutio.) 1. 
The act, operation, or process of separating the parts 
which compose a complex idea or a mixed body ; the act 
of reducing any compound or combination to its compo- 
nent parts. 2. The act or process of unraveling or disen- 
tangling perplexities, or of dissipating obscurity in moral 
subjects. 3. The natural process of separating the com- 
ponent parts of bodies. — 4. In music, the resolution of a 
dissonance or discord is the passing of it into a concord, 
usually after it has been heard in the preceding harmony. 
P. Cyc. — 5. In medicine, the disappearing of any tumor 
without coming to suppuration ; the dispersing of inflam- 
mation ; the breaking up and disappearance of a fever. 
6. Fixed purpose or determination of mind. 7. The ef- 
fect of fixed purpose ; steadiness of purpose in execution, 
implying courage. 8. Determination of a cause in a court 
of justice ; [rare.] 9. The determination of a legislative 
body, or a formal proposition offered for legislative determ- 
ination. 10. The formal determination of any corporate 
body, or of any association of individuals. — 11. In mathe- 
matics, solution ; an orderly enumeration of several things 
to be done, to obtain what is required in a problem. Hut- 
ton. — 12. In algebra, the resolution of an equation is the 
same as reduction. 13. Relaxation ; a weakening ; [obs.] 
— Resolution of a force or of a motion, in mechanics, the 
separation of a single force or motion into two or more 
which act in different directions. — Syn. Analysis ; separa- 
tion ; disentanglement ; dissolution ; resolvedness ; reso- 
luteness ; firmness ; constancy ; perseverance ; steadfast- 
ness : fortitude ; boldness ; decision ; purpose ; resolve. 

\ RES-O-Lu'TION-ER, n. One who joins in the declaration 
of others. — Burnet. 

RES'O-LU-TlVE, a. Having the power to dissolve or relax. 
— Johnson. [Not much used.] 

RE-SOL V'A-BLE, a. That may be resolved or reduced to 
first principles. 

RE-SOL V'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being resolvable. 

RE-SOLVE' (re-zolv'), v. t. [L. resolvo ; Fr. resoudre ; It. ri- 
solvere; Sp. rcsolver.] 1. To separate the component 
parts of a compouud substance ; to reduce to first princi- 
ples. 2. To separate the parts of a complex idea ; to re 
duce to simple parts. 3. To separate the parts of a com- 
plicated question ; to free from perplexities ; to remove 
obscurity by analysis ; to clear of difficulties. 4. To in- 
form ; to free from doubt or perplexity ; as, " resolve me, 
strangers, whence and what you are." — Dryden. 5. To 
settle in an opinion ; to make certain. 6. To put on reso- 
lution : to confirm ; as, " resolve you for more amaze- 
ment" — Shah. ; [rare.] 7. To melt ; to dissolve. — Arbuth- 
not. 8. To form or constitute by resolution, vote, or de- 
•ermination. — 9. In music, to resolve a discord or disso- 
aance, is to carry it into a concord, usually after it has 
jeen heard in the preceding harmony. — 10. In medicine, to 
disperse or scatter ; to discuss, as an inflammation or a 
tumor. 11. To relax ; to lay at ease. Spenser. — 12. In 
mathematics, to solve ; to enumerate in order the several 
things to be done, to obtain what is required in a problem. 
— 13. In algebra, to resolve an equation is to bring all the 
known quantities to one side of the equation, and the un- 
known quantity to the other, without destroying the equa- 
tion. — Syn. To solve ; analyze ; explain ; unravel ; disen- 
tangle. 
RE-SOLVE' (re-zolv'), v. i. 1. To form a resolution, determ- 
ination, or purpose. 2. To fix or settle by vote. 3. To 



melt ; to dissolve ; to become fluid. 4. To separate Into 
its component parts or into distinct principles. 5. To be 
settled in opinion. — Syn. To determine ; decide ; con 
elude ; purpose. 

RE-SOLVE' (re-zolv'), n. 1. Fixed purpose of mind ; set- 
tled determination ; resolution. 2. Legal or official determ- 
ination ; legislative act concerning a private person or 
corporation, or concerning some private business. 3. 
The determination of any corporation or association ; 
resolution. 

RE-SOLVED' (re-zolvd'), pp. or a. 1. Separated into ita 
component parts ; analyzed. 2. Determined in purpose. 
3. Determined officially or by vote. 

RE-SOL V'ED-LY, adv. With firmness of purpose. 

RE-SOL V'ED-NESS, n. Fixedness of purpose ; firmness , 
resolution. — Decay of Piety. 

RE-SOLVENT, n. That which has the power of causing 
solution. 

RE-SOLVER, n. One who resolves or forms a firm pur- 
pose. 

RE-SOLVING, ppr. Separating into component parts ; an- 
alyzing ; discussing, as tumors ; determining. 

RE-SOLVING, n. The act of determining or forming a fix- 
ed purpose ; a resolution. — Clarendon. 

RES'O-NANCE, n. [L. resonans.] 1. A resounding ; a re- 
verberation of sound or sounds. — 2. In music, the return- 
ing of sound by the air acting on the bodies of stringed 
musical instruments. — Brande. 

RES'O-NANT, a. [L. resonans.] Resounding ; returning 
sound ; echoing back. — Milton. 

RE-SORB', v. t. [L. resorbeo.] To swallow up. 

RE-SORB'ENT, o. Swallowing up.— Woodhull. 

RE-SORT (re-zort), v. i. [Ft. ressortir.] 1. To have re 
course ; to apply ; to betake ; as, to resort to arguments, 
2. To go ; to repair ; as, to resort to a place or person. 3 
To fall back; [obs.] 

RE-SORT, n, 1. The act of going to or making applica 
tion ; a- betaking one's self. 2. Act of visiting. 3. As 
sembly ; meeting. 4. Concourse ; frequent assembling 
— Swift. 5. The place frequented. 6. Spring ; active 
power or movement ; a Gallicism ; [obs.] — Last resort 
ultimate means of relief ; also, final tribunal. 

RE-SORTER, n. One who resorts or frequents. 

RE-SORTING, ppr. Going ; having recourse ; betaking ; 
frequenting. 

RE-SOUND', v. t. [L. resono ; Fr. resonncr ; It. risuonare; 
Sp. resonar.] 1. To send back sound ; as, to resound a 
song. 2. To praise or celebrate with the voice or the 
sound of instruments. 3. To praise ; to extol with 
sounds ; to spread the fame of. — Syn. To echo ; re-echo ; 
reverberate ; sound. 

RE-SOUND', v. i. 1. To be echoed; to be sent back, as 
sound. 2. To be much and loudly mentioned. 3. To echo 
or reverberate ; as, the earth resounded with his praise. 

Re'SOUND', v. t. [re and sound.] To sound again. 

RE-SOUND', n. Return of sound ; echo.— Beaum. fyFletch. 

RE-SOUND'ED, pp. Echoed ; returned, as sound. 

RE-SOUND'ING, ppr. Echoing; returning, as sound. 

RE-SoURCE', n. [Fr. ressource.] 1. Any source of aid or 
support ; any object to which a person may resort for 
assistance, safety, or supply. — 2. Resources, in the plural, 
funds ; money or any property that can be converted into 
supplies. — Syn. Expedient; resort; means; contrivance; 
device. 

RE-SoURCETESS, a. Destitute of resources.— Burke. 

Re-SoW, v. t.; pret. resowed ; pp. resowed or resovm. \n 
and sow.] To sow again. — Bacon. 

Re-SoWED' (re-sodeOT > a 

Re-SoWN' (re-soneO, 5 W ' SoWn aneW " 

Re-SPeAK' (-speek), v. t.; pret. respoke; pp. respoken, re- 
spoke, [re and speak.] 1. To answer ; to speak in re- 
turn ; to reply ; [rare.] 2. To speak again ; to repeat. 

RE-SPE€T, v. t. [L. respecto or respectus ; Fr. respecter.] 1. 
To have regard to in design or purpose. 2. To have re- 
gard to in relation or connection ; to relate to. 3. To 
view or consider with some degree of reverence ; to have 
esteem for as possessed of real worth ; as, I respect the 
man. 4. To look toward ; [obs.] — To respect the person, 
to suffer the opinion or judgment to be influenced or bias- 
ed by a regard to the outward circumstances of a person, 
to the prejudice of right and equity.— Syn. To regard ; 
esteem ; honor ; revere ; venerate. 

RE-SPE€T, n. [L. respectus; Fr. respect.] 1. Regard; at- 
tention. — Sliak. 2. That estimation or honor in which 
men hold the distinguished worth or substantial good 
qualities of others. It expresses less than reverence and 
veneration, which regard elders and superiors ; whereas 
respect may regard juniors and inferiors. Respect regards 
the qualities ot the mind, or the actions which character- 
ize those qualities. 3. That deportment or course of ac- 
tion which proceeds from esteem ; regard ; due attention ; 
deference. 4. Good- will ; favor. — Gen., iv., 4. 5. Partial ; 
undue bias to the prejudice of justice ; as, respect of per- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



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848 



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sons. — 1 Pet., i., ] 7. 6. Respected character ; as, " many 
of the best respect in Rome." — SJiak. 7. Consideration ; 
motive in reference to something. — Hooker. 8. Relation ; 
regard ; reference ; as, with respect to these things. 
RE-SPE€T-A-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being respect- 
able ; the state or qualities which deserve or command 
respect. — Cumberland. 
tt£-SPE€T'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. rispettabile ; Sp. respetdble.] 
1. Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve or 
command respect ; worthy of esteem and honor. — 2. In 
popular language, this word is much used to express what 
is moderate in degree of excellence or in number, but not 
despicable ; as. a respectable address or performance. 

RE-SPECTA-BLE-NESS, n. Respectability. 

RE-SPECT'A-BLY, adv. 1. With respect • more generally, 
in a manner to merit respect. 2. Moderately, but in a 
manner not to be despised. 

RE-SPECTED, pp. Held in honorable estimation. 

RE-SPE€T'ER, n. One who respects. 

RE-SPECTFUL, a. Marked or characterized by respect.— 
Syn. Civil; dutiful; obedient; courteous; complaisant. 

RE-SPECTFUL-LY, adv. With respect ; in a manner com- 
porting with due estimation. — Dryden. 

RE-SPECTFUL-NESS, n. The quality of being respectful 

RE-SPECTING, ppr. Regarding ; having regard to ; relat- 
ing to. 

RE-SPE€T'iVE, a. [Fr. respectif; It. rispcttivo.] 1. Rela 
tive ; having relation to something else ; not absolute. 2 
Particvlar; relating to a particular person or thing. 3 
Worthy of respect ; [obs.] 4. Careful ; circumspect 
cautious ; attentive to consequences ; [obs.] 

RE-SPECT'IVE-LY, adv. 1. As relating to each ; particu 
larly ; as each belongs to each. 2. Relatively ; not al 
lutely. 3. Partially ; with respect to private views ; [obs.] 
4. With respect ; [obs.] 

RE-SPECT'LESS, a. Having no respect ; without regard ; 
without reference.— Drayton. [Little used.] 

RE-SPECT'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no respect 
or regard ; regardlessness. — Shelton. \ Little used.] 

RE-SPERSE', v. t. [L. respersus.] To sprinkle. [Rare.] 

RE-SPER'SION (-shun), n. [L.respersio.] The act of sprink- 
ling. — Johnson. 

RE-SPiR-A-BIL'I-TY, In. The quality of being respira- 

RE-SPlR'A-BLE-NESS, 5 ble. 

" RE-SPlR'A-BLE, a. Thnt may be breathed ; fit for respi- 
ration or for the support of animal life. 

RES-PI-Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. respiratio.] 1. The act of 
oreathing ; the act of inhaling air into the lungs, and again 
exhaling or expelling it, by which animal life is supported. 
2. Relief from toil. 

RES'PI-Ra-TOR, n. An instrument covering the mouth 
with a net-work of fine wire in front, through which per- 
sons of weak lungs can breathe without injury. The wire 
being warmed by the breath, tempers the cold air from 
without — Bran de. 

RES-Pl'RA-TO-RY, a. Serving for respiration ; pertaining 
to respiration. 

RE-SPIRE', v. i. [Fr. respirer ; L. respiro.] 1. To breathe ; 
to inhale air into the lungs and exhale it. 2. To catch 
breath. 3. To rest ; to take rest from toil. 

HE-SPlRE', v. t. To exhale; to breathe out; to send out 
in exhalations. — Ben Jonson. 

RE-SPiRjED' (re-spird'), pp. Breathed; inhaled and ex- 
haled. 

RE-SPlRTNG, ppr. Breathing; taking breath. 

RES'PlTE, n. [Fr. repit.] 1. Temporary intermission of 
labor, or of any process or operation ; limited time of rest. 
— 2. In law, temporary suspension of the execution of a 
capital offender. 3. Forbearance ; prolongation of time 
for the payment of a debt beyond the legal time. 4. The 
delay of appearance at court granted to a jury, beyond 
the proper term. — Syn. Pause ; interval ; stop ; cessation ; 
delay ; stay ; reprieve. 

RES'PlTE, v. t. 1. To relieve by a pause or interval of 
rest. 2. To suspend the execution of a criminal beyond 
the time limited by the sentence ; to delay for a time. 3. 
To give delay of appearance at court. 

RES'PIT-ED, pp. Relieved from labor : allowed a tempo- 
rary suspension of execution. 

RES'PIT-ING, ppr. Relieving from labor ; suspending the 
execution of a capital offender. 

RE-SPLEN'DENCE, In. [L. resplendens.] Brilliant lustre ; 

RE-SPLEN'DEN-CY, J vivid brightness ; splendor. 

RE-SPLEN'DENT, a. Very bright ; shining with brilliant 
lustre. — Spenser. 

RE-SPLEN'DENT-LY, adv. With brilliant lustre. 

Re.SPLIT', v. t. [re and split.] To split again. 

Re -SPLIT, v. i. To split or rend a second time. 

RE-SPOND', v. i. [Fr. repondre ; It. rispondere ; Sp ; espon- 
der ; L. respondeo.] 1. To eive an answer or reply. 2. 
To correspond ; to suit.— Broome. 3. To be answerable ; 
to be liable to make payment. — Syn. To answer ; reply ; 
rejoin. 



RE-SPOND', v. t. To answer ; to satisfy by payment- 
Sedgwick, Mass. Rep. 

RE-SPOND', n. 1. A short anthem interrupting the reading 
of a chapter, which is not to proceed till the antbom is 
ended. 2. An answer ; [obs.] 

RE-SPOND'ED, pp. Answered ; satisfied by payment 

RE-SPOND'ENCE, ) . „, y 

RE-SPOND'EN-OY i 71 ' An answering. — Chalmers. 

RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Answering ; that answers to demanct 
or expectation. 

RE-SPOND'ENT, n. 1. One who answers in a suit, partic- 
ularly a chancery suit.— 2. In the schools, one who main- 
tains a thesis in reply, and whose province is to refut" 
objections or overthrow arguments. 

RE-SPON-DEN'TIA, n. In commercial law, a loan upon 
goods laden on board a ship. It differs from bottomry, 
which is a loan on the ship itself. — Bouvier. 

RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. Answering ; corresponding. 

t RE-SPONS'AL, a. Answerable ; responsible. — Heylin. 

RE-SPONS'AL, n. 1. Response ; answer. — Brevint. 2. One 
who is responsible. — Barrow ; [obs.] 

RE-SPONSE' (re-spons'), n. [L.responsum.] 1. An answer; 
particularly, an oracular answer. 2. The answer of the 
people or congregation to the priest, in the litany and 
other parts of divine service. 3. Answer to an objection 
in a formal disputation. — 4. In the Roman Catholic Church, 
a kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and 
some other parts of this office. Bp. Fitzpatrick. — 5. In a 
fugue, a repetition of the given subject by another part — 
Syn. Reply; rejoinder; replication. 

RE-SPONS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being a Botroth 
ble or answerable, as for a trust or office, or for a debt. — 
Paley. 2. Ability to answer in payment ; means of paying 
contracts. 

RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. [L. responsus.] 1. Liable to account ; 
as, ,we are responsible for our conduct. 2. Able to dis- 
charge an obligation ; or having estate adequate to the 
payment of a debt. — Syn. Accountable ; answerable ; 
amenable. 

RE-SPONS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. State of being liable to an- 
swer, repay, or account , responsibility. 2. Ability to 
make payment of an obligation or demand. 

RE-SPONS'I-BLY, adv. In a responsible manner. 

RE-SPON'SION (-shun), n. [L. responsio.] 1. The act or 
answering; [not used.] — 2. In the University of Oxford, an 
examination about the middle of the collegiate course 
called, also, the little-go, which see. — Lyell. 

RE-SPONS'IVE, a. 1. Answering ; making reply. 2. Cor 
respondent ; suited to something else. — Pope. 

RE-SPONS'lVE-LY, adv. In a responsive manner. 

RE-SPONS'f VE-NESS, n. State of being responsive. 

RE-SPONS'O-RY, a. Containing answer. 

RE-SPONS'O-RY, n. A response ; the answer of the people 
to the priest in the alternate speaking, in church service. 

REST, n. [Sax. rest, rast ; Dan., Ger., Sw. rast ; D. rust.] 
1. A ceasing from motion or action of any kind, and appli 
cable to any body or being. 2. A state free from motion 
or disturbance ; a state of reconciliation to God. 3. Sleep. 
•» Freedom of a nation from disturbance. 5. The final 
sleep ; death. 6. A resting-place ; permanent habitation. 
7. Any place which is free from disturbance. 8. That on 
which any thing leans or lies for support. 1 Kings, vi. — 
9. In poetry, a short pause of the voice in reading ; a ce- 
sura. — 10. In philosophy, the continuance of a body in the 
same place. 11. Final hope ; [obs.] 12. A ceasing from 
tillage. — Lev., xxv. 13. The Gospel church or new cove> 
nant state in which the people of God enjoy repose, and 
Christ shall be glorified. Isa., xi. — 14. In music, an interval 
during which the voice or sound is intermitted ; also, the 
mark of such intermission. — Syn. Cessation ; pause ; in 
termission ; stop ; stay ; repose ; slumber ; quiet ; ease 
quietness ; stillness ; tranquillity ; peacefulness ; peace. 

REST, n. [Fr. reste.] 1. That which is left, or which remains 
after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contem- 
plation. 2. Those not included in a proposition or descrip- 
tion ; as, Plato and the rest of the philosophers. — Syn. Re- 
mainder; overplus; remnant; residue; others. 

REST, v. i. [Sax. restan, hrestan ; D. rusten ; Ger. raste7i..] 
1. To cease from action or motion of any kind ; a word 
applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of mo- 
tion. 2. To cease from labor, work, or performance. 3, 
To be quiet or still ; to be undisturbed. 4. To cease from 
war ; to be at peace. 5. To be quiet or tranquil, as the 
mind ; not to be agitated by fear, anxiety, or other passion. 

6. To lie ; to be in a state of repose ; as, to rest on a bed. 

7. To be in a state of sleep or slumber. 8. To sleep the 
final sleep ; to die or be dead. 9. To be supported by ; 
as, to rest against or on a tree. 10. To be satisfied ; to 
acquiesce. 11. To place confidence or reliance ; as, to 
rest on one's word. 12. To continue fixed. — Isa., li. 13 
To terminate ; to come to an end. — Ezek., xvi. 14. To 
hang, he, or be fixed. 15. To abide ; to remain with. 16. 
To be calm or composed in mind ; to enjoy peace ot^con 



* f&e Synopi'.s. A. E, I. &c, long.— A, E, f, &c, short.— FaP, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



RES 



849 



RES 






science — To rest with, to be in the power of; to be de- 
pendent upon ; as, it rests with him to decide. — Syn. To 
stop ; stay ; repose ; sleep ; slumber ; recline ; lean ; de- 
pend; trust; rely; confide. 
REST, v. i. [Fr. rester.] To be left ; to remain.— Milton. 

REST, v. t. 1. To lay or place at rest ; to quiet. — Dryden. 
2. To place, as on a support. — Waller. 

REST'-HAR'RoW, n. A prickly European plant, of the 
genus ononis, with long, tough roots. 

REST-HOUSE, n. In India, an empty house for the ac- 
commodation of travelers ; a choltry or serai. 

RE-STAG'NANT, a. [L. restagnans.] Stagnant ; remaining 
without a flow or current. — Boyle. [Rare.] 

RE-STAG'NITE, v. i. [L. restagno.] To stand or remain 
without flowing. — Wiseman. 

RE-STAG-Na'TION, n. Stagnation, which see. 

RES'TANT, a. [L. restans, resto.] In botany, persistent. 

RES'TAU-RaNT (ves'to-rimz), n. [Fr.] An eating-house. 

RES-TAU'RA-TEUR (res-tor'a-tur), n. [Fr., a restorer.] 
The keeper of an eating-house, or house for occasional re- 
freshment. 

RES-TAU-RX'TION, n. [L. restauro.) Restoration to a for- 
mer good state. 

RESTED, pp. Laid on for support ; reposed ; relieved by 
rest. 

RE -STEM', v. t. [re and stem.] To force back against the 
current . — Shak. 

RESTFUL, a. [from rest.] Quiet; being at rest.— Shak. 

RESTFUL-LY, adv. In a state of rest or quiet. 

RESTTFF. a. [Fr. retif] Unwilling to go, or oaly running 
back ; obstinate in refusing to move forward ; stubborn. 
[More usually written restive, which see.] 

REST'IFF, n. A stubborn horse. 

REST'IFF-NESS, n. 1. Obstinate reluctance or indisposi- 
tion to move. 2. Obstinate unwillingness. See Restive- 
ness. 

RE-STINC'TION, n. [L. restinctio.] The act of quenching 
or extinguishing. 

RESTING., ppr. Ceasing to move or act ; ceasing to be 
moved or agitated ; lying ; leaning ; standing ; depending 
or relying. 

RESTING-PLICE, n. A place for rest. 

RE-STTN"GUISH (re-sring'gvrish), v. t. [L. restinguo.] To 
quench or extinguish. — Field. 

f RESTI-TUTE, v. t. [L. restituo.] To restore to a former 
state. — Dyer. 

RES-TI-TC'TION, n. [L. restitutio.] 1. The act of return- 
ing or restoring to a person some thing or right of which 
he has been unjustly deprived. 2. The act of making 
good, or of giving an equivalent for any ?oss, damage, or ) 
injury. 3. The act of recovering a former state or pos- 
ture. Grew. — Restitution of all things, the putting the 
world in a holy and happy state. Acts, iii.— Syn. Resto- 
ration ; return ; indemnification ; reparation ; compensa- 
tion ; amends ; remuneration. 

R.ESTI-TU-TOR, n. One who makes restitution. [Rare.] j 

RESTIVE, a. [It. restivo, restio ; from L. resto.] 1. Unwili- I 
ing to go, or only running back ; obstinate in refusing to I 
move forward ; stubborn ; as, a restive colt. 2. Unyield- 
ing, as stubbornness. — L' Estrange. 3. Being at rest, or 
less in action ; [obs.] 

REST'lVE-NESS, n. 1. Obstinate reluctance or indisposi- 
tion to move. 2. Obstinate unwillingness. 

RESTLESS, a. [from rest; Sax. restleas.] 1. Continually 
moving, as an infant. 2. Being without sleep ; as, restless 
he passed the night. — Dryden. 3. Passed in unquietness ; 
as, restless hours. 4. Not satisfied to be at rest or in 
peace ; as, a restless monarch ; restless desire. 5. Not re- 
maining at rest ; turbulent, as dependants. 6. Disposed to 
wander or to change place or condition. — Syn. Unquiet ; 
uneasy ; disturbed ; disquieted ; sleepless ; agitated ; anx- 
ious ; unsettled ; roving , wandering. 

REST'LESS-LY, adv. Without rest ; unquietly.— South. 

RESTLESS-NESS, n. 1. Uneasiness ; unquietness ; a state 
of disturbance or agitation, either of body or mind. 2. 
Want of sleep or rest ; uneasiness. 3. Motion ; agitation. 

RE-SToR'A-BLE, a. [from restore.] That may be restored 
to a former good condition. — Swift. 

RE-ST5R'A-BLE-NE8S, n. State of being restorable. 

RE-SToR'AL, a. Restitution.— Barrow. 

RES-TO-Ra'TION, n. [Fr. restauration.] 1. The act of re- 
placing in a former state. 2. The act of bringing back, 
renewing, or re-establishing ; as, the restoration of peace 
and prosperity. 3. The bringing back or recovering of 
health and soundness. 4. The bringing back or recover- 
ing from a lapse or any bad state. — 5. In theology, universal 
restoration, the final recovering of all men from sin and 
alienation from God, to a state of happiness ; universal 
salvation.— 6. In England, the return of King Charles II., 
in 1660, when the monarchy was again established. — 
Syn. Replacement; renewal; renovation; redintegration; 
reinstatement ; re-establishment ; return ; revival ; recov- 
ery ; restitution ; reparation. 



RES-TO-Ra'TION-IST, n. A Universalist who believes in a 
temporary future punishment, but in a final restoration of 
all to the favor and presence of God. 

RE-SToR'A-TIVE, a. That has power to renew strength 
and vigor.— Encyc. 

RE-SToR'A-TiVE, n. A medicine efficacious in restoring 
strength and vigor, or in recruiting the vital powers. — Ar 
buthnot. 

RE-SToR'A-TIVE-LY, adv. With a tendency to restore. 

RE-SToR'A-TO-RY, a. Restorative. [Bad.] 

RE-SToRE', v. t. [Fr. restaurer ; It. restaurare ; Sp., Port 
restaurar ; L. restauro.] 1. To bring or give back to a 
person, as a specific thing which he has lost, or which has 
been taken from him and unjustly detained. 2. To put 
or bring back, as a person or thing to a former place. 
3. To bring back, as virtue.— Dryden. 4. To bring back 
from lapse, degeneracy, declension, or ruin to its former 
state ; as, to restore a ruined race. 5. To cause a return 
to health and soundness after disease. 6. To make resti- 
tution or satisfaction for a thing taken, by returning some- 
thing else, or something of different value. 7. To give for 
satisfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken. — 
Ps. lxix. 8. To render again habitable ; to rebuild.— Pa??., 
ix., 25. 9. To resuscitate ; to bring back to life ; as, to re- 
store to fife.— 2 Kings, viii., 1. 10. To bring back after ab- 
sence. — Heb., xiii., 19. 11. To bring to a sense of sin and 
amendment of life.— Gal, vl, 1. 12. To establish again 
after interruption, as peace and prosperity. 13. To bring 
back to the original state, as passages of an author ob- 
scured or corrupted. — 14. In the fine arts, to bring back 
from a state of injury or decay, as a painting, &c. — Syn. 
To return; replace; refund; repay; reinstate; re-estab- 
lish ; renew , repair ; revive ; recover ; heal ; cure. 

Re'-SToRE", v. t. [re and store.] To store again. 

RE-ST0R.ED' (re-stord'), pp. Returned; brought back, 
retrieved; recovered; cured; renewed; re-established. 

t RE-SToRE'MENT, n. The act of restoring ; restoration. 

RE-SToR'ER, n. One who restores ; one who returns what 
is lost or unjustly detained ; one who repairs or re-estab- 
lishes. 

RE-SToR'ING, ppr. Returning what is lost or taken ; bring 
ing back ; recovering ; curing ; renewing ; repairing : re 
establishing. 

RE-STRaIN', v. t. [Fr. restraindre ; It. ristrignere, rcstrin 
gere.] 1. To hold back; to bold from action, proceeding, 
or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any 
interposing obstacle. 2. To keep in awe, as offenders. 
3. To keep down, as excess. 4. To keep back from un- 
limited enjoyment ; as, restrained of lawful pleasure — 
Shak. 5. To shut up within limits ; as, we restrain it to 
those dvties. — Hooker. 6. To keep or hold back ; to for 
bear, at prayer. — Job, xv., 4. — Syn. To check ; hinder ; 
stop ; wiV tihold ; repress ; curb ; suppress ; coerce ; abridge 
restrict; limit; confine. 

RE-STRIIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being restrained.- 
Brown. 

RE-STRXIN.ED' (re-strand'), pp. Held back from advaoo 
ing or wandering ; withheld ; repressed ; suppressed 1 ,. 
abridged ; confined. 

RE-STRaIN'ED-LY, adv With restraint ; with limitation. 

RE-STRaIN'ER, n. He or that which restrains. 

RE-STRaIN'ING, ppr. 1. Holding back from proceeding : 
checking ; repressing ; hindering from motion or action-; 
suppressing. 2. a. Abridging; limiting. 

RE-STRaIN'MENT, n. Act of restraining. 

RE-STRaINT, n. [from Fr. restreint.] 1. The act or oper- 
ation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any 
manner ; a hindering of the 'will, or of any action, physic- 
al, moral, or mental. 2. Abridgment of liberty. 3. Pro- 
hibition; a rule which restrains. 4. That which is de 
signed or adapted to limit or restrain ; as, the restraints- 
of decorum. 5. That which restrains, hinders, or re- 
presses. — Syn. Repression ; hinderance ; check ; stop ; 
curb ; coercion ; confinement ; limitation ; restriction. 

RE-STRICT', v. t. [L. restrictus.] To hold or keep back 
within certain bounds or limits. — Syn. To limit ; bound ; 
circumscribe; restrain; repress; curb; coerce. 

t RE-STRICT, a. Confined; limited.— Annot. on Glanville 

RE-STRICTED, pp. Limited ; confined to bounds. 

RESTRICTING, ppr. Confining to limits. 

RE-STRIC'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. restrictus.] 1. Limitation ; 
confinement within bounds. 2. Restraint. 

RE-STRICTlVE, a. [Fr. restrictif] 1. Having the quality 
of limiting or of expressing limitation. 2. Imposing re- 
straint. 3. Styptic ; [obs.] 

RE-STRICT'IVE-LY, adv. With limitation. 

RE-STRIN6E' (re-strinj'), v. t. [L. restringo.] To confine ; 
to contract ; to astringe. 

RE-STRIN'GEN-CY, n. The quality or power of contract- 
ing. 

RE-STRIN'GENT, a. Astringent ; styptic. 

RE-STRIN'GENT, n. A medicine that operates as an astrin- 
gent or styptic. — Harvey. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.-— G as K ; G as J 
Hhh 



S as Z • CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



RET 



3O0 



ilET 



Rg-SPRlVE, 0. i. [re and strive.] To strive anew. 

RESTY, a. The same as restive or restif, of which it ia a 
contraction. 

RE-SUB-JECTION, n. [re and su&7'ecJwra.] A second sub- 
jection. — Bp. Hall. 

Re-SUB-LI-Ma'TION, n. A second sublimation. 

Re-SUB-LiME', v. t._ [re and sublime.] To sublime again. 

Re-SUB-LiMLED' (-Hind'), pp. Sublimed a second time. 

RE-SUB-LlM'ING, ppr. Subliming again. 

Re-SU-Da'TION, n. [L. resudatus.] The act of sweating 
again. 

RE-SULT, v. i. [Fr. resultcr ; L. resulto, resilio.] 1. To leap 
back ; to rebound. — Pope. 2. To follow or have origin, as 
a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combi- 
nation of circumstances, consultation, or meditation. 3. To 
come out or have an issue : with in ; as, this measure will 
result in good, or in evil. — Syn. To proceed ; spring ; rise ; 
arise ; originate ; ensue ; eventuate ; terminate. 

RE-SULT, 7i. 1. Resilience ; act of flying back; as, the re- 
sult of a string. — Bacon. 2. That which proceeds, either 
in the natural course of things or by logical deduction, 
from a given state of facts, certain premises, &c. 3. The 
decision or determination of a council or deliberative as- 
sembly ; [New England.] — Syn. Consequence ; conclu- 
sion; inference; effect; issue; event. 

RE-SULTANCE, n. The act of resulting. 

RE-SULT' ANT, a. That results from the combination of 
two or more ; as, a resultant force, &c. 

RE-SULTANT, n. In mechanics, a force which is the com- 
bined effect of two or more forces, acting in different di- 
rections. 

RE-SULT'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Proceeding as a consequence, 
effect, or conclusion of something ; coming to a determin- 
ation. — 2. In law, resulting use is a use which returns to 
him who raised it, after its expiration or during the im- 
possibility of vesting in the person intended. 

RE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [from resume.] That may be taken 
back, or that may be taken up again. 

RE-SU-ME' (ra-zu-ma'), n. [Fr.] A summing up; a con- 
densed statement. 

RE-SuME', v. t. [L. resnmo.] 1. To take back what has 
been given. 2. To take back what has been taken away. 
3. To take again after absence. 4. To take up again after 
interruption ; to begin again. 

RE-SUM.ED' (re-zum<T), pp. Taken back; taken again; be- 
gun again after interruption. 

RE-SOM'ING, ppr. Taking back; taking again; beginning 
again after interruption. 

K.E-13UM MON, v. t. 1. To summon or call again. 2. To 
recall ; to recover. — Bacon. 

R£-SUM'MON.ED, pp. Summoned again ; recovered. 

Re-SUM'MON-ING, ppr. Recalling ; recovering. 

RE-SUMP'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. resumptus.] The act of resum- 
ing, taking back, or taking again. 

RE-SUMP'TiVE, a. Taking back or again. 

RE-Su'P1-NaTE, a. [L. resupinatus.] In botany, inverted 
in position, by a twisting of the stalk, as the flowers of or- 
chis. — Lindley. 

RE-SU-PI-Na'TION, ti. The state of lying on the back ; 
the state of being resupinate or reversed, as a corol. 

RE-SU-PlNE', a. Lying on the back. 

RES-UR-REC'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. resurrectus.] A rising 
again ; chiefly, the revival of the dead of the human race, 
or their return from the grave, particularly at the general 
judgment. 

RES-UR-REGTION-IST, ?i. One whose business is to steal 
bodies from the grave. [Low.] 

RE-SUR-VEY' (-sur-vaO, v. t. [re and survey.] To survey 
again or anew ; to review. — Shdk. 

Re-SUR-VEY' (-sur-va'), n. A second survey. 

RE-SUR-VEY.ED' (re-sur-vade'), pp. Surveyed again. 

Re-SUR-VEY'ING, pp. Surveying anew ; reviewing. 

RE-SUS'CI-TaTE, v. t. [L. resuscito.] To revivify ; to re- 
vive ; particularly, to recover from apparent death. 

RE-SUS'CI-Ta-TED, pp. Revived; revivified: reproduced. 

RE-SUS'CI-Ti-TING, ppr. Reviving; revivifying; repro- 
ducing. 

KE-SUS-CI-TI'TION, n. The act of reviving from a state 
of apparent death ; the state of being revivified. 

RE-SUS'CI-Ta-TiVE, a. Reviving ; revivifying ; raising 
from apparent death ; reproducing. 

RE-SUS'CI-Ta-TOR, 7i. One who resuscitates. 

*RE-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. retaHW; It. ritagliare.] 1. To sell in 
small quantities or parcels, from the sense of cutting or 
dividing. 2. To sell at second hand. — Pope. 3. To tell in 
broken parts ; to tell to many. 

* RE'TIIL, n. The sale of commodities in small quantities 
or parcels, or at second hand. — Addison. 

RE-TAILED' (re-tald'), pp. Sold in small quantities. 

RE-TaIL'ER or Re'TaIL-ER, n. One who sells good3 by 
small quantities or parcels. 

RE-TaILING, ppr. or a. Selling in small quantities. 

RE-TaIL'MENT, 7i. Act of retailing. 



RE-TaIN', v. l [Fr. rstcnir ; It. ritenere ; Sp. retener ; L 
retineo.] 1. To hold or keep in possession ; not to lose or 
part with o- Jismiss. 2. To keep, as an associate ; to keep 
from departure. 3. To keep back ; to hold ; as, to retain 
a sum of money. 4. To hold from escape, as heat or 
moisture. 5. To keep in pay ; to hire. 6*. To engage ; to 
employ by a fee paid, as a lawyer. 

t RE-TaIN', v. i. 1. To belong to ; to depend on. — Boyle. 2. 
To keep ; to continue. 

RE-TIIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being retained.— Ash. 

RE-TaIN£D' (re-tand'), pp. Held ; kept in possession ; kept 
as an associate ; kept in pay ; kept from escape. 

RE-TaIN'ER, 7i. 1. One who retains ; as an executor, who 
retains a debt due from the testator. 2. One who is kept 
in service ; an attendant. 3. An adherent ; a dependent ; 
a hanger-on. 4. A servant, not a domestic, but occasion- 
ally attending and wearing his master's livery. — 5. Among 
lawyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to 
maintain a cause. 6. The act of keeping dependents, or 
being in dependence. 

RE-TaIN'ING, ppr. or a. Keeping in possession ; keeping 
as an associate ; keeping from escape ; hiring ; engaging 
by a fee. a 

RE-TaKE', v. t. ; pret. retook ; pp. retaken, [re and take.] 1 
To take again.— Clarendon. 2. To take from a captor; U 
recapture. 

RE-Ta.K'.EN, pp. Taken again ; recaptured. 

RE-TaK'ER, 72, One who takes again what ha3 been taken 
a recaptor. — Kent. 

RE-TaK'ING, ppr. Taking again ; taking from a captor. 

RE-TaK'ING, ti. A taking again ; recapture. 

RE-TAL'I-ITE, v. t. [Low L. retalio.] To return like foj 
like ; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind a« 
has been received. 

RE-TAI/I-aTE, v. i. To return like for like. 

RE-TAL'1-A-TED, pp. Returned, as like for like 

RE-TAL'I-a-TING, ppr. Returning like for like. 

RE-TAL-I-a'TION, n. 1. The return of like for like ; tht 
doing that to another which he has done to us. 2. 'in a 
good sense, return of good for good. — Syn. Requital ; re 
prisal ; repayment ; retribution ; punishment. 

RE-TAL'I-A-TlVE, a. Returning like for like. 

RE-TAL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Returning like for like.— Canning 

RE-TARD', v. t. [Fr. retarder ; L. retardo.] 1. To diminish 
the velocity of motion ; to render more slow in progress , 
opposed to accelerate or quicken. 2. To put oil' ; to rendej 
more late, as a visit. — Syn. To impede ; hinder ; obstruct 
detain ; delay ; procrastinate ; defer. 

t RE-TaRD\ v. i. To stay back.— Brown. 

RE-TaRD-a'TION, ti. The act of abating the velocity ol 
motion ; hinderance , the act of delaying. 

RE-TaRD'A-TiVE, a. That retards. 

RE-Ta.RD'ED, pp. or a. Hindered in motion ; delayed. 

RE-TaRD'ER, 71. One who retards, hinders, or delays. 

RE-TaRD'ING, ppr. Abating the velocity of motion ; hin 
dering; delaying. 

RE-TaRD'MENT, ti. The act of retarding or delaying. 

RETCH, v. i. [Sax. hrcecan.] To make an effort to vomit, 
to heave, as the stomach ; to strain. 

t RETCPI'LESS, a. Careless.— Dryden. See Reckless 

RE-Te'CIOUS (-shus), a. Resembling net-work. 

RE-TECTION, 7i. [L. retectus.] The act of disclosing or 
producing to view something concealed. 

R&TE MU-€o'SUM, n. [L.] The layer of the skin inter- 
mediate between the cutis and the cuticle, the principal 
seat of color in man. — Brande. 

RE-TENT, ti. That which is retained.— Kirwan. 

RE-TEN'TION, ti. [Fr. ; L. retentio, retineo.] 1. The power 
of retaining ; the faculty of the mind by which it retains 
ideas. — 2. In medicine, the power of retaining, or that state 
of contraction in the elastic or muscular parts of the body 
by which they hold their proper contents and prevent in- 
voluntary evacuations ; undue retention of some natural 
discharge. 3. The act of withholding ; restraint. 4. Cus- 
tody ; confinement ; [obs.] 

RE-TEN'TiVE, a. [Fr. retentif.] Having the power to re- 
tain. 

tRE-TEN'TlVE, ti. Restraint.— Bp.'Hall. 

RE-TEN'TlVE-LY, adv. In a retentive manner. 

RE-TEN'TlVE-NESS, n. The quality of retention. 

tRE-TEX', v. t. [L. retexo.] To unweave; to undo; to an- 
nul by any action. — Hackct. 

RE-TEXTURE, n. A second or new texture.— Carlisle. 

Re'TI-A-RY (re'she-a-ry), n. In entomology, the retiaries are 
spiders which spin webs to catch their prey. 

RETI-CENCE, In. [Fr. reticence ; L. reticentia] Conceal 

RETI-CEN-C Y, > ment by silence.— In rhetoric, aposiopesis 
or suppression. 

RETI-CENT, a. Silent.— Taylor. 

RETI-CLE (refe-kl), n. [L. reticulum.] A small net.— Aslu 

RE-TIC'U-LAR, a. Having the form of a net or of net- 
work ; formed with interstices. — In anatomy, the reticular 
body is the same as the rete mucosum, which see. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c., short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQQK 



RET 



851 



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KETICU-LATE, fa. [L. reticidaucs.] Netted; 
RE-TIG'G-Li-TED, ) bling net- work; having distinct veins 
or lines crossing like net-work. — Reticulated work, in ma- 
sonry, work constructed with diamond-shaped stones, or 
square stones placed diagonally. — Gloss, of Archit. 
RE-TIG-U-LI'TION, n. Net-work ; organization of sub- 
stances resembling a net. — Darwin. 

RE r ri-€ULE, n. 1. A little bag of net-work ; a lady's work- 
bag, or a little bag to be carried in the hand. — 2. In a tele- 
scope, a net-work dividing the field of view into a series of 
small squares. — Brande. 
RET'I-FORM, a. [L. retiformis.) Having the form of a 
net in texture ; composed of crossing lines and inter- 
stices. 

RET1-NA, n. [L.] In anatomy, one of the coats of the eye, 
being an expansion of the optic nerve over the bottom of 
the eye, where the sense of vision is first received. 

RET-IN-AS-PH ALT, \n. A bituminous or resinous sub- 

RET-1N-AS-PHALTUM, $ stance of a yellowish or reddish 
brown. 

RET'IN-ITE, n. [Gr. prjTivrj.] Retinasphalt which see. This 
name has also been given to pitchstone, or pitchstone 
porphyry. — Dana. 

RETIN-OID, a. [Gr. farivri and etdoS-] Resin-like or resini- 
form ; resembling a resin without being such. 

* RET'I-NuE, n. [Fr. retenue.] The attendants of a prince 
or distinguished personage, chiefly on a journey or an ex- 
cursion ; a train of persons. 

RETI-PED, n. [L. rete and pes.] A name of birds having 
the skin of the tarsi divided into small polygonal scales. — 
Brande. 

RET-I-RaDE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a kind of retrench- 
ment in the body of a bastion or other work. 

RE-TlRE', v. i. [Fr. retirer.] 1. To go from company or 
from a public place into privacy. 2. To draw back or re- 
move one's self from action or danger. 3. To go from a 
public station. 4. To break up, as a company or assem- 
bly. 5. To depart or go away for safety or for pleasure ; 
as, to retire from the city during the summer. 6. To fall 
back, as a shore or coast. — Syn. To withdraw ; leave ; de- 
part ; secede ; recede ; retrocede. 

f RE-TlRE', v. t. To withdraw ; to take away. 

fRE-TlRE', n. 1. Retreat; recession; a withdrawing.— 
Shalt. 2. Retirement ; place of privacy. — Milton. 

RE-TIR.ED' (re-tird'), a. 1. Secluded from much society or 
from public notice ; private. 2. Secret ; private. 3. With- 
drawn. — Locke. 

RE-TlR^BD'LY, adv. In solitude or privacy.— Sherwood. 

RE-TlR.ED'NESS, n. A state of retirement ; solitude ; 
privacy or secrecy. — Atterbury. 

RE-TlRE'MENT, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from com- 
pany or from public notice or station. 2. The state of 
being withdrawn. 3. Private abode ; habitation secluded 
from much society or from public life. 4. Private way 
of life. — Syn. Withdrawment ; departure; retreat; seclu- 
sion; privacy; solitude. 

RE-TlRTNG, ppr. L Withdrawing ; retreating ; going into 
seclusion or solitude. 2. a. Reserved; not forward or 
obtrusive. 

Re-ToLD', pret. and pp. of retell ; as, a story retold. 

RE-TORT', v. t. [L. retortus.] 1. To throw back ; to re- 
verberate. 2. To return an argument, accusation, censure, 
or incivility. 3. To bend or curve back. 

RE-TORT, v. i. To return an argument or charge ; to 
make a severe reply. 

RE-TORT, n. 1. The return of an argument, charge, or in- 
civility in reply. — 2. In chemistry, a spherical vessel with 
a long neck bent, to which a receiver may be fitted. 

RE-TORT'ED, pp. Returned ; thrown back ; bent back. 

RE-TORTER, n. One who retorts. 

RE-TORTING, ppr. Returning; throwing back. 

RE-TOR'TION, n. The act of retorting.— Spenser. 

RE-TORTIVE, a. Containing retort.— Barlow. 

RE-TOSS', v. t. [re and toss.] To toss back.— Pope. 

RE-TOSS.ED' (re-tostf), pp. Tossed back. 

Re -TOSSING, ppr. Tossing back. 

RE-ToUCH' (re-tuch'), v. t. [re and touch.] To improve by 
new touches ; as, to retoucli a picture or an essay. — Dry- 
dcn. — Pope. 

RE-T6UCH.ED' (re-tuchtf). pp. Touched again. 

Re-T6UCH'ING (re-tuch'ing), ppr. Improving by new 
touches. 

RE-TRACE', v. t. [Fr. retracer.] 1. To trace back; to go 
back in the same path or course. 2. To trace back, as a 
line. — 3. In painting, <fec, to trace over again, or renew 
the outline of a drawing. — Brande. 

RE-TRICED' (re-trasf), pp. Traced back or over again. 

RE-TRaC'ING, ppr. Tracing back or over again. 

RE-TRAGT, v. t. [Fr. retracter ; L. retractus.] 1. To take 
back, as a declaration, words, or saying. 2. To take back 
what was once bestowed as a grant or favor ; [little used.] 
3. To draw back, as claws. — Syn. To recall ; withdraw ; 
revoke; unsay; disavow; recant; abjure; disown. 



RE-TRACT, v. i. To take back ; to unsay ; to withdraw 
concession or declaration. 

RE-TRACT, n. Among horsemen, the prick of a horse's 
foot in nailing a shoe. 

RE-TRAGTA-BLE, a. That may be retracted or recalled, 

tRE-TRAGTATE, v. t. To retract ; to recant ; to unsay. 

t RE-TRAGT- A'TION, n. [L. retractatio.] Retraction. 

RE-TRAGTED, pp. Recalled; recanted; disavowed 

RE-TRAGTI-BLE, a. That may be drawn back ; retzactil* 
— Journ. of Science. 

RE-TRAGT'lLE, a. Capable of being drawn back. 

RE-TRAGTING, ppr. Recalling; disavowing; recanting. 

RE-TRAG'TION, n. 1. Literally, the act of drawing back, 
as the retraction of a sinew. 2. The act of withdrawing 
something advanced, or changing something done. 3. Re- 
cantation ; disavowal of the truth of what has been said ; 
declaration of change of opinion. 4. Act of withdrawing 
a claim. 

RE-TRAGTlVE, a. Withdrawing ; taking from. 

RE-TRAGTlVE, n. That which withdraws or takes from. 

RE-TRACTf VE-LY, adv. By retraction or withdrawing. 

t RE-TRaICT (re-trate'), n. Retreat— Bacon. See Retreat, 

RE-TRaIT, n. [It. ritratto.] A cast of countenance ; a pic- 
ture. — Spenser. 

RE-TRAX'IT, n. [L. rctraho, retraxi.] In law, the withdraw- 
ing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which the 
plaintiff loses his action. 

Re-TReAD' (-trecV), v. i. To tread again. 

RE-TREAT, n. [Fr. retraite; L. retractus.] 1. The act of 
retiring; a withdrawing of one's self from any place. 2. 
State of being retired or secluded from noise, bustle, or 
company. 3. Place for being retired or secluded. 4. 
Place of safety or security. — 5. In military affairs, the re- 
tiring of an army or body of men from the face of an ene- 
my, or from any ground occupied, to a greater distance 
from the enemy, or from an advanced position. A retreat 
is properly an orderly march, in which circumstance it 
differs from a flight. 6. The withdrawing of a ship or fleet 
from an enemy ; or the order and disposition of ships de- 
clining an engagement. 7. A signal given in the army 
or navy, by the beat of the drum or the sounding of trum- 
pets, at sunset, or for retiring from exercise or action, &c. 
— Totten. — Campbell. Syn. Retirement ; departure; with- 
drawment ; seclusion ; solitude ; privacy ; asylum ; shel- 
ter ; refuge. 

E-E-TReAT, v. i. 1. To retire from any position or place. 
2. To withdraw to a private abode or to any secluded situ- 
ation. 3. To retire to a place of safety or security. 4. To 
move back to a place before occupied; to retire. 5. To 
retirefrom an enemy or from any advanced position. 

R.E-TREATED, as a passive participle, though used by 
Milton, is not good English. 

RE-TRENCH', v. t. [Fr. retrancher.] 1. To cut off; to pare 
away. 2. To render less or smaller, as expenses. 3. To 
confine; to limit. — Addison; [not proper.] — 4. In military 
affairs, to furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench 
bastions. P. Cyc. — Syn. To listen ; diminish ; curtail ; 
abridge. 

RE-TRENCH', v. i. To live at a less expense. 

RE-TRENCHED' (re-trenchf), pp. Cut off; curtailed ; fur- 
nished with a retrenchment. 

RE-TRENCH'ING, ppr. Cutting off; curtailing; furnishing 
with a retrenchment. 

RE-TRENCH'MENT, n. [Fr. retranchement ■ Sp. atrinche- 
ramiento.] 1. The act of lopping off; the act of removing 
what is superfluous. 2. The act of curtailing, making less, 
or abridging. — 3. In military affairs, a work constructed 
within another, to prolong the defense of the latter, or to 
protect its defenders. P. Cyc. — Syn. Lessening ; curtail- 
ment ; diminution ; abridgment. 

* RE-TRIB1JTE, v. t. [Fr. retribuer ; L. retribuo.] To pay 
back ; to make payment, compensation, or reward in re- 
turn. 

* RE-TRIB'H-TED, pp. Paid back ; given in return ; re 

warded. 
RE-TRIB'U-TER, n. One who makes retribution. 

* RE-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Requiting; making repayment- 

rewarding. 

RET-RI-Bu'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. Return accommodated to the 
action ; reward or punishment. 2. A gratuity or present 
given for services in the place of a salary. 3. The re- 
wards and punishments distributed at the general judg- 
ment. — Syn. Repayment ; requital ; recompense ; pay- 
ment ; retaliation. 

RE-TRIB'U-Ti VE, \ a. Repaying ; rewarding for good 

RE-TRIB'G-TO-RY, 5 deeds, and punishing for offenses. 

RE-TRlEV'A-BLE, a. That may be retrieved or recovered. 

RE-TRIe V'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being retrievable. 

RE-TRIeV'A-BLY, adv. In a retrievable manner. 

RE-TRIeV'AL, ? ..,„.. 

RE-TRIe VE'MENT. 5 n - Act of retrieving. 

RE-TRIeVE', v. t. [Fr. retrouver ; It ritrovare.] 1. Tc 
gain back ; to bring back from loss or injury to a formei 



DOVE ;— WJL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z "& u SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolew 



RET 



852 



REV 



good state ; as, to retrieve one's fortunes. 2. To remedy 
the consequences of; as, " retrieve my fall." — Prior ; [rare.] 
3. To gain back again, as liberty ; [rare.] 4. To recall ; 
to bring back ; as, to retrieve persons from their errors. — 
Syn. To recover ; regain ; recruit ; repair ; restore. 
\ RE-TRIeVE', n. A seeking again ; a discovery. 
RE-TRIEV.ED' (re-treevd'), pp. Recovered; repaired; re- 
gained; recalled. 
RE-TRIeV'ING, ppr. Recovering; repairing; recalling. 
RE-TRIM', v. t. To trim again. 
RE-TRO-A€T, v. i. To act backward or in return ; to act 

in opposition. 
RE-TRO-A€TION, n. [L. retro and action.] 1. Action re- 
turned, or action backward. 2. Operation on something 
past or preceding. 
RE-TRO-A€TIVE, a. [Fr. retroactif.] Operating by return- 
ed action ; atfecting what is past ; retrospective. 
RE-TRO-A€TlVE-LY, adv. By returned action or opera- 
tion ; by operating on something past. 
RETRO-CeDE, v. t. [L. retro and cedo, to give , Fr. retro- 
ceder.] To cede or grant back ; as, to retrooede a territory 
to a former proprietor. 
RET'RO-CeDE, v. i. [L. retro and cedo, to go.] To go back. 

— Perry. 
RET'RO-CeD-ED, pp. Granted back. 
RE-TRO-CeD'ENT, a. An epithet applied to diseases which 

move from one part of the body to another, as the gout. 
RET'RO-CeD-ING, ppr. Ceding back; going back. 
RE-TRO-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. 1. A ceding or granting 

back to a former proprietor. 2. The act of going back. 
RE-TRO-DU€'TION, n. [L. retroduco.] A bringing back. 
RET'RO-FLEX, a. [L. retro and flexus.] In botany, bent 

suddenly backward. — Lindley. 
RETRO-FRA€T, \ a. [L. retro and fractus.] Reduced 
RETRO-FRA€T-ED, 5 to hang down, as it were, by force, 

so as to appear as if broken. 

RE-TRO-GRA-DI'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of moving 

backward ; applied to the apparent motion of the planets, 

contrary to the order of the signs, i. e., from east to west. 

—Hutton. 2. A moving backward ; decline in excellence. 

RET'RO-GRaDE, a. [Fr. ; L. retrogradior.] 1. Going or 

moving backward.— 2. In astronomy, apparently moving 

backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, i. e., 

from east to west, as a planet. 3. Declining from a better 

to a worse state. 

RET'RO-GRaDE, v. L [Fr. retrograder ; L. retrogradior.] 

To go or move backward. — Bacon. 
RETROGRADE, v. t. To cause to go backward. 
RE-TRO-GRES'SION (re-tro-gresh'un), n. The act of going 

backward; retrogradation. 
RE-TRO-GRESS'lVE, a. Going or moving backward ; de- 
clining from a more perfect to a less perfect state. 
RE-TRO-GRESS'f VE-LY, adv. By retrogression. 
RE-TRO-MIN6EN-CY, n. [L. retro and mingo.) The act or 
quality of discharging the contents of the bladder backward. 
RE-TRO-MIN'GENT, a. Discharging the urine backward. 
RE-TR0-M1N'6ENT, n. In zoology, an animal that dis- 
charges its urine backward. 
RE-TRO-PUL'SIVE, a. [L. retro wad. pulsus.] Driving back ; 

repelling. — Med. Repos. 
RE-TRORSE'LY (re-trorsly), adv. [L. retrorsum.] In a 

backward direction. 
EtETRO-SPE-GT, n. [L. retro and specio.] A looking back 
on things past ; view or contemplation of something past. 
— Syn. Review; survey; resurvey; re-examination. 
RET'RO-SPE€T, v. i. To look back ; to affect what is past. 
RE-TRO-SPE€'TION, n. 1. The act of looking back on 
things past. 2. The faculty of looking back on past things. 
RE-TRO-SPE€TIVE, a. 1. Looking back on past events. 
2. Having reference to what is past ; affecting things past. 
RE-TRO-SPE€TIVE-LY, adv. By way of retrospect. 
RE-TRO-VER'SION, n. A turning or falling backward. 
RET'RO-VERT, v. t. To turn back. 
RETRO-VERT-ED, a. [L. retro and verto.] Turned back 
RE-TRUDE', v. t. [L. retrudo.] To thrust back. 
RE-TRuD'LD, pp. Thrust back. 
RE-TRu DIN G, ppr . Thrusting b ack. 
f-RE-TRuSE', a. [L. retrusus.] Hidden; abstruse. 
RETTING, n. A corruption of the word rotting ; as, the 
retting of flax. This is the term used by Ure and other 
English writers. 
RE-TUND', v. t. [L. retundo.] To blunt ; to turn ; to dull. 
RE-TUND'ED, pp. Blunted ; turned, as an edge. 
RE-TURN', v. i. [Fr. retourner ; It. ritornare ; Sp. retornar.] 
1. To come or go back to the same place. 2. To go back 
to the same state, occupation, subject, &c. ; to revert. 3. 
To answer. 4. To come again ; to revisit. 5. To appear 
or begin again after a periodical revolution. 6. To show 
fresh signs of mercy ; to repent of sin. — Scripture. 
RE-TURN', v. t. 1. To bring, carry, or send back. 2. To 
give back in payment, as money. 3. To give in recom- 
pense or requital. 4. To give back in reply. 5. To tell, 
relate, or communicate. — Ex., xix., 8. 6. To retort; to 



recriminate ; as, to return upon one. — Dryden. 7. Ti> give 
in an account, usually an official account to a superior. 
8. To deliver back to a tribunal or to an office, as a war- 
rant. 9. To give by way of official report. 10. To send ; 
to transmit ; to convey ; as, to levy money and return the 
same. Clarendon. — Syn. To restore ; requite ; repay ; 
recompense ; render ; remit ; report. 
RE-TURN', n. 1. The act of coming or going back to the 
same place. 2. The act of sending back. 3. The act of 
putting in the former place. 4. Retrogression ; the act 
of moving back. 5. The act or process of coming back to 
a former state, occupation, subject, &c. 6. Revolution ; 
a periodical coming to the same point ; as, the return of a 
comet. 7. Periodical renewal; as, the return of the year. 
— 1 Kings, xx., 22. 8. Repayment ; reimbursement in 
kind or in something equivalent, for money expended or 
advanced, or for labor. 9. Profit; advantage. 10. Re- 
mittance ; payment from a distant place. — Skak. 11. Re- 
payment ; retribution ; requital. 12. Act of restoring or 
giving back ; restitution. — 13. In architecture, the continu- 
ation of a molding, projection, <fcc, in a different or oppo- 
site direction ; a side or part which falls away from the 
front of a straight work. Gwilt.—li. In law, the rendering 
back or delivery of a writ, precept, or execution, to the 
proper officer or court ; or the certificate of the officer ex- 
ecuting it, indorsed. 15. A day in bank. The day on 
which the defendant is ordered to appear in court, and the 
sheriff is to bring in the writ, and report his proceedings, 
is called the return of the writ. — 16. In military and naval 
affairs, an official account, report, or statement rendered 
to the commander or other superior. 17. A report oi 
numerical statement ; as, the returns of an election. 
RE-TURN'-DaY, n. The day when the defendant is to ap 
pear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his 
proceedings. 
RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be returned or restored 
— 2. In law, that is legally to be returned, delivered, given 
or rendered. 
RE-TURN .ED' (re-turnd 7 ), #p. or a. Restored; given or sect 

back. 
RE-TURN'ER n. One who returns; one who repays oi 

remits money. 
RE-TURN'ING, ppr. or a. Giving, carrying, or sending back 
RE-TURN'ING-OF'FI-CER, n. The officer whose duty it is 

to make returns of writs, precepts, juries, <fcc. 
RE-TURN'LESS, a. Admitting no return. [Little used.] 
RE-TuSE', a. [L. retusus.] In botany and conchology, ter 
minating in a round end, the center of which is depressed 
as, a retuse leaf. 
RE-UN'ION (-yun'yun), n. 1. A second union ; union form 
ed anew after separation or discord. — 2. In medicine, union 
of parts separated by wounds or accidents. — Reunion 
from the French, in the sense of meeting or assembly, is 
sometimes used. 
Re-U-NiTE', v. t. [re and unite.] 1. To unite again ; to join 

after a separation. 2. To reconcile after variance. 
RE-U-NITE', v. i. To be united again ; to join and cohere again 
Re-U-NiTED, pp. United or joined again ; reconciled. 
Re-U-NiTED-LY, adv. In a reunited manner. 
Re-U-Ni"TION (-yu-nish'un), n. Second uniting. [Rare.] 
Re-U-NiTING. ppr. Uniting again ; reconciling. 
RE-UR6E', v.t. To urge again. 

REuS'SlTE, n. [from Reuss.] A sulphate of soda and mag 
nesia, occurring as a mealy efflorescence, sometimes crys 
tallized. — Ure. 
Re-VA€'CIN-aTE, v. t. To vaccinate a second time. 
Re-VA€'CIN-a-TED, pp. Vaccinated a second time. 
Re-VA€'CIN-a-TING, ppr. Vaccinating a second time 
Re-VA€-CIN-a'TION, n. A second vaccination. 
Re-VAL-U-a'TION, n. A second valuation. 
ReVE, n. [Sax. gerefa.] An officer, steward, or governor. 

It isusually written reeve. 
RE-VeAL', v. t. [Fr. reveler; L. revelo.] 1. To make known 
something before unknown or concealed. 2. To make 
known from heaven ; as, the will of God is revealed to us. 
— Syn. To disclose ; divulge ; unvail ; uncover ; open ; 
discover ; impart ; communicate ; show. 
RE-VeAL', n. 1. A revealing ; disclosure. — Brown ; [not 
used.] 2. The side of an opening for a window, door-way 
&c, between the frame-work and the outer surface of the 
wall. — Gloss, of Archit. 
RE-VeAL'A-BLE, a. That can be revealed. 
RE-VeAL'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being revealable. 
RE-Ve AL.ED' (re-veeld'), pp. or a. Disclosed ; made known 

laid open. 
RE-VE AL'ER, n. 1. One who discloses or makes knowr 

2. One who brings to view. — Dryden. 
RE-Ve AL'IN G, ppr. Disclosing; making known. 
RE-VE AL'MENT, n. The act of revealing.— South. [RarUi 
RE-VEIL'LE (re-val'ya), n. [Fr. reveiller.] In military affairs, 
the beat of drum about break of day, to give notice that it 
is time for the soldiers to rise and for the sentmela to for 
bear challenging. 



* See Synoptis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;-MoVE, BOOK. 



REV 



853 



REV 



BJiV'EL, v. i. [D.rcvek/i.] I. To feast with loose and clam- 
orous merriment ■ to carouse ; to act the bacchanalian. 
2. To move play rally or without regularity. 

REVEL, n. 1. A feast with loose and noisy jollity. 2. See 
Reveal, n. 

RE-VEL', v. t. [L. revello.] To draw back ; to retract ; to 
make a revulsion. — Harvey. 

REVEL-ROUT, n. 1. Tumultuous festivity. 2. A mob ; a 
rabble tumultuously assembled ; an unlawful assembly. 

REV-ELa'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. revelatus.] 1. The act of dis- 
closing to others what was before unknown to them ; ap- 
propriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to 
men by God himself, or by his authorized agents, the 
prophets and apostlos. 2. That which is revealed; ap- 
propriately, the sacred truths which God has communi- 
cated to man for his instruction and direction. 3. The 
Apocalypse ; the last book of the sacred canon. 

REVELED, pp. Feasted with noisy merriment ; carousing. 

REV'EL-ER, n. One who feasts with noisy merriment. 

RE VEL-ING, ppr. Feasting with noisy merriment. 

REVEL-ING, n. A feasting with noisy merriment; revelry. 
— Gal., v. 

RE-VEL'L-ED, pp. Drawn back ; retracted. 

RE-VEL'LENT, a. Causing revulsion. 

REVEL-MENT, n. Act of reveling. 

RE VEL-RY, n. Noisy festivity ; clamorous jollity 

RE-VEN'DI-GaTE, v. t. [Fr. rcvendiquer.] To reclaim what 
has been taken away ; to claim to have restored what has 
been seized. 

RE-VEN'DI-CX-TED,^. Reclaimed; regained. 

RE-VEN'DI-CI-TING, ppr. Reclaiming ; recovering. 

RE-VEN-DI-Ci'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of reclaiming or 
demanding the restoration of any thing taken by an ene- 
my ; as by right of postliminium. 

RE-VENGE' (re-venj'), v. t. [Fr. revancher, venger ; Sp. ven- 
gar.] 1. To inflict pain or injury in return for an injury 
received. 2. To inflict pain deliberately and maliciously, 
contrary to the laws of justice and humanity, in return for 
injury received. 3. To vindicate by punishment of an 
enemy. — Dryden. [In this last sense we now use avenge.] 

RE-VENGE' (re-venj'), n. [Fr. revanche.] 1. Return of an 
injury ; infliction of punishment. — Dent., xxxii., 42 ; [obs.] 
2. A malicious or spiteful infliction of pain or injury, con- 
trary to the laws of justice and Christianity, in return for 
an injury or offense. 3. The passion which is excited by 
an injury done or an affront given. 

RE-VENG.ED' (re-venjd'),j?p. Punished in return for an in- 
jury ; spitefully punished. 

RE-VENGE'FUL, a. 1. Full of revenge or a desire to inflict 
pain or evil for injury received ; wreaking revenge. 2. 
Inflicting punishment ; as, revengeful steel. Shak. — Syn. 
Vindictive ; vengeful ; resentful ; spiteful ; malicious. 

RE-VENGETUL-LY (re-venj'ful-ly), adv. By way of re- 
venge ; vindictively ; with the spirit of revenge. — Dryden. 

RE-VENGETUL-NES8, n. Vindictiveness.— More. 

RE-VENGE'LESS, (re-venj'les), a. XJnrevenged.—Marsto?>. 

RE-VENGE'MENT,n. Revenge ; return of an injury. [Rare.] 

RE-VEN6'ER, n. 1. One who revenges ; one who inflicts 
pain on another spitefully in return for an injury. 2. One 
who inflicts just punishment for injuries ; [less proper.] 

RE-VENGTNG, ppr. 1. Inflicting pain or evil spitefully for 
injury or affront received. 2. Vindicating ; punishing. 

RE-VENG'ING-LY, adv. With revenge ; with the spirit of 
revenge ; vindictively. — Shak. 

* RE VE-NuE, n. [Fr. revenu ; L. revenio.] 1. In a general 
sense, the annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any 
species of property, real or personal, belonging to an indi- 
vidual or to the public. When used of individuals, it is 
equivalent to income. — In modern usage, income is applied 
more generally to tbe rents and profits of individuals, and 
revenue to those of the state. 2. The annual produce of 
taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, <fcc, which a nation 
or state collects and receives into the treasury for public 
use. 3. Return ; reward. 

f RE-VERB', v. t. To reverberate.— Shak. 

RE-VERB'ER-ANT, a. [L. reverberans.] Returning sound ; 
resounding ; driving back. — Shak 

RE-VERB'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. reverbero.] 1. To return, as 
sound ; to send back ; to echo. 2. To send or beat back ; 
to repel ; to reflect. 3. To send or drive back ; to repel 
from side to side. 

•iE-VERB'ER-ATE, v. i. 1. To be driven back; to be re- 
pelled, as rays of fight ; to echo, as sound. 2. To resound. 

lE-VERB'ER-ATE, a. Reverberant.— Shalt. 

RE-VERB'ER-A-TED, pp. Driven back ; sent back ; driven 
from side to side. 

RE-VERB'ER-a-TING, ppr. Driving or sending back; re- 
flecting, as hght ; echoing, as sound. 

RE-VERB-ER-a'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of driving or send- 
ing back ; particularly, the act of reflecting fight and heat, 
or repelling sound. 

RE-VERB'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Returning or driving back. 

RE-VERB'ER-A-TO-RY. n. A furnace with a kind of dome 



that reflects the flame upon a vessel placeo. within it, so aa 
to surround it 

RE-VjeRE', v. t. [Fr. reverer ; It. reverirc ; L. revereor.] To 
regard with fear mingled with respect and affection ; to 
honor in estimation. — Syn. To venerate ; adore ; rever- 
ence. 

RE-VER.ED' (re-veerd'), pp. or a. Regarded with fear min- 
gled with respect and affection. 

REVER-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. rcvereniia.) 1. Fear mingled 
with respect and esteem. — Reverence is nearly equivalent 
to veneration, but expresses something less of the same 
emotion. It differs from awe, which is an emotion com- 
pounded of fear, dread, or terror, with admiration of 
something great, but not necessarily implying love or af 
fection. We feel reverence for a parent, and for an up- 
right magistrate, but we stand in awe of a tyrant. 2. An 
act of respect or obeisance ; a bow or courtesy. 3. A title 
of the clergy. 4. A poetical title of a father.— Syn. Hon- 
or ; veneration ; awe ; adoration. 

REVER-ENCE, v. t. To regard with re%'erence ; to regard 
with fear mingled with respect and affection. 

REVER-ENCED (rev'er-enst), pp. Regarded with fear 
mingled with respect and affection. 

REVER-EN-CER, n. One who regards with reverence. 

REVER-EN-CING, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with 
respect and affection. 

REVER-END, a. [Fr. ; L. reverendus.] 1. Worthy of rev- 
erence ; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affec- 
tion. 2. A title of respect given to the clergy or ecclesi- 
astics. A clergyman is styled reverend ; a dean', in England, 
very reverend; a bishop is styled right reverend; and an 
archbishop most reverend. 

REV'ER-ENT, a. 1. Expressing reverence, veneration, or 
submission. 2. Submissive ; humble ; impressed with 
reverence. 

REV-ER-EN'TIAL, a. [from reverence.] Proceeding from 
reverence or expressing it. — South. 

REV-ER-ENTIAL-LY, adv. With reverence, or show of 
reverence. — Brown. 

REVER-ENT-LY, adv. 1. With reverence ; with respect- 
ful regard. 2. With veneration ; with fear of what is 
great or terrifying. 

RE-VeR'ER, n. One who reveres or venerates. 

*REV'ER-lE, In. [Fr. reverie. In present usage, this word 

* REVER-Y, ) is more frequently written reverie.] 1. 
Properly, a raving or delirium ; but its sense, as generally 
used, is a loose or irregular train of thoughts occurring in 
musing or meditation ; wild, extravagant conceit of the 
fancy or imagination. 2. A chimera ; a vision. — 3. In med- 
icine, voluntary inactivity of the whole or the greater part 
of the external senses to the impressions of surrounding 
objects, during wakefulness. — Good. 

RE-VeR'ING, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with respect 
and affection ; venerating. 

RE-VERS'AL, a. Intended to reverse ; implying reverse. — 
Burnet. 

RE-VERS'AL, n. A change or overthrowing. 

RE-VERSE' (re-vers'), v. t. [L. reversus.] 1. To turn or put 
in the contrary order, direction, position, or condition ; as, 
to reverse a pyramid ; to reverse the state ; to reverse a mo- 
tion ; to reverse the soul. 2. To put each in the place of 
the other ; as, it reverses the distinctions of good and eviL 
Rogers. — 3. In law, to change by a contrary decision ; to 
make void, as a sentence. 4. To recall ; [obs.] — Syn. To 
overturn ; overset ; invert ; overthrow ; subvert ; repeal ; 
annul; revoke. 

t RE-VERSE' (re-vers'), v. i. To return.— Spenser. 

R.E-VERSE' (re-vers'), n. 1. Change; vicissitude; a turn 
of affairs ; [in a good sense.] 2. Change for the worse ; 
misfortune. 3. A contrary ; an opposite. 4. [Fr. revers.] 
The back side ; as, the reverse of a drum ; the reverse of a 
medal or coin, i. e., the side opposite to that on which the 
head or principal figure is impressed. 

RE-VERSE', a. Turned backward ; having the contrary or 
opposite direction ; as, the reverse order or method. 

RE-VER8.ED' (re-versf), pp. or a. 1. Turned side for side 
or end for end ; changed to the contrary. — 2. In law, over- 
thrown or annulled.— 3. a. In botany, resupinate ; having 
the upper lip larger and more expanded than the lower. 
— 4. In conchology, a reversed shell is one whose volutions 
are the reverse way of the common cork-screw. — Humbte 

RE-VERS'ED-LY, adv. In a reversed manner. — South. 

RE-VERSE'LESS, a. Not to be reversed ; irreversible. 

RE-VERSE'LY, adv. On the other hand ; on the opposite 

RE-VERS'I-BLE, a. That may be reversed. 

RE- VERSING, ppr. Turning upside down; subverting; 
turning the contrary way ; annulling. 

RE-VER'SION (-shun), n. [Fr. ; L. reversio.] 1. In a gen 
eral sense, a returning ; appropriately, in law, the returning 
of an estate to the grantor or his heirs, after a particular 
estate is ended. 2. The residue of an estate left in the 

' grantor, to commence in possession after the determina- 
tion of the particular estate granted. — 3. In annuuies, a 



D6VE - BTJLL. UNITE ;— AN"GER VFCIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



REV 



854 



REV 



payment which is not to be received, or a benefit which 
does not begin until the happening of some event, as the 
death of a person now living. — Brande. 4. Succession ; • 
right to future possession or enjoyment. — 5. In algebra, 
the reversion ot series is the method of expressing the 
value of an unknown quantity which is involved in an infi- 
nite series of terms, by means of another series of terms 
involving the powers of the quantity to which the proposed 
series is equal. — Brande. ^ 

RE-VER-'STON-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a reversion, that is, 
to be enjoyed in succession, or after the determination of 
a particular estate. 

RE-VER'SION-ER, n. The person who has a reversion, or 
who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular 
estate granted is determined. 

RE- VERT', v. t. [L. reverto.] 1. To turn back ; to turn to the 
contrary ; to reverse. 2. To drive or turn back ; to re- 
verberate. 

RE-VERT, v. i. 1. To return ; to fall back.— 2. In law, to 
return to the proprietor, after the determination of a par- 
ticular estate. 

RE-VERT, n. In music, return ; recurrence. — Peacham. 

RE-VERTED, #p. Reversed; turned back. 

RE-VERT'ENT, n. A medicine which restores the natural 
order of the inverted, irritative motions in the animal sys- 
tem. — Darwin. 

RE- VERTI-BLE, a. That may revert or return. 

RE-VERTING,£pr. Turning back; returning. 

RE-VERT'lVE, a. Changing ; reversing.— Thomson. 

RE-VERT'I VE-LY, adv. By way of reversion. 

* REV'ER-Y, n. See Reverie. 

Re-VEST, v. t. [Fr. revetir.] 1. To clothe again. 2. To re- 
invest ; to vest again with possession or office. 3. To lay 
out in something less fleeting than money. 

Re-VEST, v. i. To take effect again, as a title ; to return 
to a former owner. 

Re -VESTED, pp. Clothed again ; invested anew. 

RE-VESTI-A-RY, n. [Fr. revestiaire ; L. revestio.] The place 
or apartment in a church or temple where the dresses are 
deposited. 

RH- VESTING, ppr. Clothing again ; investing anew. 

RE-VETMENT, n. [Fr. revetement.] In fortification, a strong 
wall on the outside of a rampart, intended to support the 
earth. 

RE-Vi'BRaTE, v. i. [re and vibrate.] To vibrate back or in 
return. 

RE-Vi-BRa'TION, n. The act of vibrating back. 

f RE-VIC'TION, n. [L. re and victum.] Return to fife. 

Re-VICTUAL (re-viftl), v. t. [re and victual] To furnish 
again with provisions. — Raleigh. 

RE-VICTUALED (re-viftld), pp. Furnished with victuals 
again. 

Re-VICTUAL-ING (re-vif tl-ing), ppr. Supplying again with 
provisions. 

t RE- ViE', v. t. [re and vie.] To accede to the proposal of a 
stake and to overtop it. — Ben Jonson. 

f RE-VIE', v. i. To return the challenge of a wager at cards ; 
to make a retort. — Trial of the seven Bishops. 

RE-VIEW (re-vu'), v. t. [re and view; or Fr. revoir, revu.] 
1. To look back on. — Denham. 2. To see again. 3. To 
view and examine again ; to reconsider ; to revise. 4. To 
retrace. 5. To survey ; to inspect ; to examine the state 
of any thing, particularly of troops. 

RE-VIEW (re-vu'), n. [Fr. revue.] 1. A second or repeated 
view. 2. A second examination, with a view to amend- 
ment or improvement. — 3. In military affairs, an examina- 
tion or inspection of troops under arms, by a general or 
commander, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of 
their discipline, equipments, &c. — 4. In literature, a critical 
examination of a new publication, with remarks. 5. A pe- 
riodical pamphlet containing examinations or analyses of 
new publications. — Syn. Re-examination ; resurvey ; ret- 
rospect ; survey ; reconsideration ; revisal ; revise ; re- 
vision. 

RE- VIEWED' (re-vude'), pp. Resurveyed ; re-examined ; 
inspected ; critically analyzed. 

RE-VIEWER (re-vu'er), n. One who reviews or re-exam- 
ines ; an inspector ; one who critically examines a new 
publication, and publishes his opinion upon its merits. 

RE-VIEWING, ppr. Looking back on ; seeing again ; re- 
vising ; re-examining ; inspecting, as an army ; critically 
examining and remarking on. 

\ Re-VIG'OR-aTE, v. t. [re and vigor.] To give new vigor to. 
RE-VlLE', v. t. [re and vile.] To treat with opprobrious 
and contemptuous language. — Syn. To reproach ; vilify ; 
upbraid ; calumniate, 
t RE-VlLE', n. Reproach ; contumely ; contemptuous lan- 
guage. — Milton. 
RE-VlLED' (re-vild'), pp. Reproached ; treated with op- 
probrious or contemptuous language. 
) RE-ViLE'MENT, n. Reproach ; contemptuous language. 
RE-ViL'ER, n. One who reviles another; one who treats 
another with contemptuous language. 



RE-VlL'ING, ppr. Reproaching ; treating with language of 
contempt. 

RE-VlL'ING, n. The act of reviling or treating with re- 
proachful words. — 7s., li. 

RE-VIL'ING-LY, adv. With reproachful or contemptuous 
language ; with opprobrium. 

Re-VIN'DI-€aTE, v. t. To vindicate again ; to reclaim ; to 
demand and take back what has been lost. 

Re-VIN'DI-€a-TED, pp. Vindicated again ; reclaimed. 

Re-VI_N'DI-€a-TING, ppr. Reclaiming. 

RE-VlS'AL, n. Revision ; the act of reviewing and re-ex- 
amining for correction and improvement. 

RE-VlSE', v. t. [L. revisus, reviso.] 1. To review ; to re-ex- 
amine ; to look over with care for correction. 2. To re- 
view, alter, and amend. 

RE- VISE', n. 1. Review; re-examination. — 2. Among print- 
ers, a second proof-sheet ; a proof-sheet taken after the 
firstcorrection. 

RE-VlS-ED' (re-vizd'), pp. or a. Reviewed ; re-examined 
for correction. 

RE-VlS'ER, n. One who revises or re-examines for cor- 
rection. 

RE- VISING, ppr. Reviewing ; re-examining for correc 
tion. 

RE- VISION (re-vizh'un), n. [Fr.] 1. The act of reviewing 
or re-examining for correction. 2. Enumeration of in- 
habitants. — Syn. Re-examination ; revisal ; revise ; review. 

RE-Vi"SION-AL, ? t> ,. ■ ■ ,. 

RE-Vi-SION-A-RY, } a - Pertaining to revision. 

RE- VISIT, v. t. [Fr. revisiter; L. revisito.] To visit again 
— Pope. 

RE-VIS-IT- A'TION, n. The act of revisiting. 

RE-VIS'IT-ED, pp. Visited again. 

RE-VIS'IT-ING, ppr. Visiting again. 

RE-Vl'SO-RY, a. That reviews ; having power to revise.— 
Judge Story. 

RE-Vl'VAL, n. 1. Return, recall, or recovery to life from 
death or apparent death. 2. Return or recall to activity 
from a state of languor. 3. Recall, return, or recovery 
from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity, or depression. 
4. Renewed and more active attention to religion ; an 
awakening of men to their spiritual concerns. 

RE-Vl'VAL-IST, n. A minister of the Gospel who promotes 
revivals of religion. — Reed and Matheson. 

RE-VlVE', v. i. [Fr. revivre ; L. revivisco.] 1. To return to 
life ; to recover life. 2. To recover new life or vigor ; to 
be reanimated after depression. 3. To recover from a 
state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity, or depression. — 4. In 
chemistry, to recover its natural state, as a metal. 

RE-VlVE', v. t. 1. To bring again to life.— Milton. 2. To 
raise from languor, depression, or discouragement ; to 
rouse. 3. To bring into action after a suspension, as apian 
or scheme. 4. To bring back into the mind or memory, 
as ideas. 5. To bring out from a state of neglect or de 
pression, as literature. 6. To inspire with new animation, 
joy, or hope. 7. To bring again into notice. — 8. In chem- 
istry, to restore or reduce to its natural state or to its 
metallic state. — Syn. To reanimate ; resuscitate ; reinvig- 
orate ; reinspirit ; revivify ; renovate ; quicken ; rouse , 
renew ; recall ; recover ; refresh ; recomfort ; animate 
cheer. 

RE-VlVED' (re-vlvd 7 ), pp. Brought to life ; reanimated ; 
renewed ; recovered ; quickened ; cheered ; reduced to a 
metallic state. 

RE-ViV'ER, n. That which revives ; that which invigor- 
ates or refreshes ; one who redeems from neglect or do 
pression. 

RE-VIV'I-FI-GaTE, v. t. [Fr. revivifierj L. re and vivifico.] 
To revive ; to recall or restore to life. [Little used.] 

RE- VI V-I-FI-C A'TION, n. 1. Renewal of life ; restoration 
of life ; or the act cf recalling to life. — 2. In chemistry, the 
reduction of a metal from a state of combination to its 

RE-VIV'I-FlED, pp. Recalled to life ; reanimated. 

RE-VIV'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. revivifier.] 1. To recall to life ; to re 
animate. 2. To give new life or vigor to ; to revive. 

RE-VIV'I-FY-ING, ppr. Giving new life or vigor to. 

RE-VlV'ING, ppr. or a. Bringing to life again ; reanimating ; 
renewing ; recalling to the memory. 

RE-VlV'ING-LY, adv. In a reviving manner.— Coleridge. 

REV-I-VIS'CENCE, In. Renewal of life ; return to life.- 

REV-I-VIS'CEN-CY, 5 Burnet. 

REV-I-VIS'CENT, a. Reviving; regaining or jestoring life 
or action. — Darwin. 

RE-Vl'VOR, n. In law, the reviving of a suit which is abated 
by the death of any of the parties. 

REV'O-CA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. revocabilis.] That may be re- 
called or revoked ; that may be repealed or annulled. 

REV'O-CA-BLE-NESS, n. The quahiy of being revocable. 

REV'O-CA-BLY, adv. In a revocable manner. 

t REV'0-€aTE, v. t. [L. revoco.] To recall ; to call back. 
See Revoke. -• 

RE V-O-C A'TION, n. [Fr., from L. revocath. \ To<i act of 



Sec Synopsis, a . E, I, &c, long.— X. E. t &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; - M "> V K, BOOK,, 



REV 



855 



RHE 



recalling or calling back. 2. State of being recalled. — 
Howell. 3. Repeal ; reversal, as of a decree, will, &c. 

I REV'O-CA-TO-RY, a. Revoking ; recalling. 

Re'VOICE', v. t. To refurnish with a voice ; to refit an or- 
gan pipe, so as to restore its proper quality of tone. 

Re'VOICjGD' (-voisf), pp. Refurnished with a voice. 

RE-V6KE', v. t. [Fr. revoquer ; h.revoco.] 1. To callback; 
to declare void, as a law, grant, or testament. 2. To check ; 
to repress ; [obs.] 3. To draw back ; [unusual.] — Syn. 
To recall ; repeal ; rescind ; countermand ; annul ; abro- 
gate ; cancel ; abolish ; reverse. 

RE-VoKE', v. i. In card-playing, to violate the laws of the 
game by not playing the cards according to the established 
sequence. —Hoyle. 

RE-VoKE', n. In card-playing, a violation of rule by not 
playing the cards according to the established sequence of 
the game. — Hoyle. 

RE-VoK-ED' (re-voktf), pp. Repealed ; reversed. 

RE-VoKE'MENT, n. Revocation ; reversal. [Little used.] 

RE-VoKTNG, ppr. Reversing; repealing. 

RE-VoK'ING-LY, adv. By way of revocation. 

* RE-VOLT', v. i. [Fr. revolter ; It. rivoltare.] 1. To fall off 

or turn from one to another. 2. To renounce allegiance 
and subjection to one's prince or state ; to reject the au- 
thority of a sovereign. 3. To change ; [obs.] — 4. In Script- 
ure, to disclaim allegiance and subjection to God. 

* RE-VOLT, v. t. 1. To turn ; to put to flight ; to over- 
turn. — Burke. 2. To shock ; to do violence to ; to cause 
to shrink or turn away with abhorrence. 

* RE-VOLT, n. 1. Desertion ; change of sides ; more cor- 

rectly, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to one's 
prince or government. 2. Gross departure from duty. 
Shah. — 3. In Scripture, a rejection of divine government. 
4. A revolter. — Shale; [obs.]— Syn. Insurrection ; sedition; 
rebellion ; mutiny. 
*RE-VOLTED, pp. or a. 1. Having swerved from alle- 
giance or duty. 2. Shocked ; grossly offended. 

* RE-VOLT'ER, n. 1. One who changes sides ; a deserter. 

2. One who renounces allegiance and subjection to his 
prince or state. 

* RE-VOLT'ING, ppr. 1. Changing sides ; deserting. 2. 

Disclaiming allegiance and subjection to a prince or state. 

3. Rejecting the authority of God. 4. a. Doing violence, 
as to the feelings ; exciting abhorrence ; shocking. 

RE-VOLT'ING-LY, adv. Offensively ; abhorrently. 

REV'O-LU-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may revolve.— Cotgrave. 

REVO-LUTE, a. [L. revolutus.] In botany and zoology, 
rolled back or downward. 

REV-O-Lu'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. revolutus.] 1. In physics, ro- 
tation ; the circular motion of a body on its axis ; a course 
or motion which brings every point of the surface or 
periphery of a body back to the place at which it began 
to move. 2. The motion of a body round any fixed point 
or center. — 3. In geometry, the motion of a magnitude 
(as of a point, line, or surface) about a point or line as its 
center or axis. — A. D. Stanley. 4. Motion of any thing 
which brings it back to the same point or state. 5. Con- 
tinued course marked by the regular return of years. 6. 
Space measured by some regular return of a revolving 
body or of a state of things. — 7. In politics, a material or 
entire change in the constitution of government. The 
revolution in England, in 1688, placed William and Mary 
on the throne ; the revolution in the United States of 
America, which began in 1775, separated the colonies from 
Great Britain ; the revolution in France, which began in 
1789, caused the dethronement and death of Louis XVI. ; 
the revolution of the three days in France, in 1830, placed 
the family of Orleans on the throne. 8. Motion backward. 
— Milton. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to a revolution in 
government. — Burke. 2. Tending to produce a revolu- 
tion. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-ER, n. 1. A revolutionist. Ramsay.— 2. 
In England, one who favored the revolution in 1638. — 
Smollet. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-ISM, n. State of revolutions. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-IST, n. One engaged in effecting a change 
of government ; the favorer of a revolution. — Burke. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-lZE, v. t. 1. To effect a change in the 
form of a political constitution. — Ames. 2. To effect an 
entire change of principles in. — J. M. Mason. 

REV-O-L0TION-IZ.ED, pp. Changed in constitutional form 
and principles. 

REV-0-Lf)TION-lZ-ING, ppr. Changing the form and prin- 
ciples of a constitution. 

RE-VOLVE', v. i. [L. revolvo.] To perform a revolution ; 
as, a planet revolves on its axis ; the earth revolves round 
the sun. 

RE-VOLVE', v. t. To turn over and over ; to consider at- 
tentively. 

RE-VOLV.ED', pp. Turned over and over. 

RE-VOLV'EN-CY, n. State, act, or principle of revolving ; 
revolution. — Cowper. 



RE-VOLV'ING, ppr or a. Performing a re\ olution ; turn- 
ing over and over. 

Rf-VOM'IT, v. t. [re and vomit ; Fr. revomir.] To vomit or 
pour forth again ; to reject from the stomach. 

RE-VOM'IT-ED, pp. Vomited again. 

RE-VOM'IT-ING, ppr. Vomiting again. 

RE-VUL'SION (-shun), n. [Fr.; L. rcvidsus.] 1. In medicine. 
the act of turning or diverting any disease from one part 
of the body to another. 2. A holding or drawing back. 

RE-VUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of revulsion. 

RE-VUL'SlVE, n. 1. That which has the power of divert 
ing disease from one part to another. 2. That which has 
the power of withdrawing. — Fell. 

f RE W (ru), n. A row. — Spenser. 

RE-WARD', v. t. [Norm, regarder ; Fr. and Norm, guerdon.] 
To give in return, either good or evil. — Syn. To recom- 
pense ; compensate ; remunerate ; pay ; requite ; punish. 

RE- WARD', n. 1. Equivalent return for good done, for 
kindness, for services, and the like. 2. The fruit of men's 
labor or works. 3. A bribe ; a gift to pervert justice. — 
Deut., xxvii. 4. A sum of money offered for taking or 
detecting a criminal, or for recovery of any thing lost 5. 
A just return of evil or suffering for wickedness. 6. Re- 
turn in human applause. — Matt., vi. 7. Return hi joy and 
comfort. Ps. xix. — Syn. Recompense ; compensation ; 
remuneration ; pay ; requital ; retribution ; punishment 

RE-WARD'A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded ; worthy of 
recompense. — Hooker. 

RE-WARD'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being worthy of 
reward. — Goodman. 

RE-WARD'A-BLY, adv. In a rewardable manner. 

RE-WARD'ED. pp. Requited ; recompensed or punished. 

RE-WARD'ER, n. One who rewards ; one who requites 
or recompenses. — Heb., xi. — Addison. 

RE-WARD'ING, ppr. Making an equivalent return for good 
or evil ; requiting ; recompensing. 

RE-WARD'LESS, a. Having no reward. 

t RE-W6RD', v. t. To repeat in the same words. 

Re-WRiTE' (-rite'), v. t. To write a second time. 

Re-WRiT'ING, ppr. Writing again. 

Re-WRITTEN, pp. Written again.— Kent. 

REX, n. [L.] A king. 

REY'NARD, n. An appellation given to a fox ; renard. 

RHA-BaR'BA-RATE, a. Impregnated with rhubarb. 

RHA-BXR'BA-RINE, n. [L. rhabarbarum ; generally ana 
more correctly called rhein, which see.J A proximate 
principle of rhubarb, with the properties of an acid. 

RHAB-DOL'O-dY (rab-dol'o-je), n. [Gr. paUoS and AoyoS.J 
The act or art of computing or numbering by means of 
certain little square rods, called Napier's rods or bones. 

RHAB'DO-MAN-CY (rab'do-man-se), n. [Gr. p a 65os and p.*v 
TEia.] Divination by a rod or wand. — Brown. 

RHA-PON'TI-CIN, n. [L. rhaponticum.] A proximate prin- 
ciple of rheum rhaponticum ; perhaps the same as rhein. 

RHAP-SOD'IC, > a. Pertaining to or consisting of rhap- 

RHAP-SOD'IC-AL, $ sody ; unconnected. 

RHAP'SO-DIST (rap'so-dist), n. 1. One who writes or 
speaks without regular dependence of one part of his dis- 
course on another. 2. One who recites or sings rhapso- 
dies for a livelihood ; one who makes and repeats verses 
extempore. — 3. Anciently, one whose profession was to 
recite the yerses of Homer and other poets. 

RHAP'SO-DlZE, v. i. To utter rhapsodies.— Jefferson. 

RHAP'SO-DY (rap'so-de), n. [Gr. patpwSia.] Originally, a 
portion of an epic poem fit for recitation at one time, as a 
book of Homer, which was rehearsed by a rhapsodist — 
In modern usage, a confused jumble of sentences or state- 
ments without dependence or natural connection ; ram- 
bling: composition. 

RHE'IN, n. [L. rheum, rhubarb.] A proximate principle of 
the officinal rhubarb, which appears to be an acid, and as 
such has been called rheic acid. 

RHEIN'-BER-RY, n. Buckthorn, a plant.— Johnson. 

RHeN'ISH (ren'ish), a. Pertaining to the river Rhine, or U 
Rheims, in France. 

RHE'TIAN (re'shan), a. Pertaining to the ancient Rhasti, or 
to Rhastia, their country. 

RHe'TOR, n. [L.; Gr. pnTwp.] A rhetorician. [Little used.] 

RHETO-RIC (refo-rik), n. [Gr. pnropiKr).] 1. The science 
of oratory ; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, 
and force. 2. The power of persuasion or attraction ; 
that which allures or charms. 

RHE-TOR'I€-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to rhetoric. 2. Contain- 
ing the rules of rhetoric. 3. Oratorial.— More. 

RHE-TOR'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of rhetoric ; ac- 
cording to the rules of rhetoric. 

t RHE-TOR'IC-aTE, v. i. To play the orator.— Decay of Piety. 

t RHE-TOR-I€-a'TION, n. Rhetorical amplification. 

RHET-0-Rl"CIAN (ret-o-rish'an), n. [Fr. rhetoricien.] 1. 
One who teaches the art of rhetoric, or the principles and 
rules of correct and elegant speaking. 2. One well versed 
in the rules and principles of rhetoric. 3. An orator ; 
[less proper.] 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"ClOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t 



RHY 



856 



RIC 



j RHET-O-RF'CIAN, a. Suiting a master of rhetoric. 

RHET'O-RlZE, v. i. To play the orator.— Cotgrave. 

RHET'O-RlZE, v. t. To represent by a figure of oratory. 

RHETO-RIZ.ED, pp. Represented by a figure of oratory. 

RHEuM (rflme), n. [Gr. pcvfia.] 1. An increased action of 
the vessels of any organ ; but generally applied to increased 
action of the mucous glands, attended with increased dis 
charge and an altered state of their excreted fluids. 2. A 
thin, serous fluid, secreted by the mucous glands, &c, as 
in catarrh. 

RHEu-MAT'IC (ru-mafik), a. [L. rheumaticus.] Pertaining 
to rheumatism, or partaking of its nature. 

RHEu'MA-TISM (ru'ma-tizm), n. [L. rheumatismus.] A 
painful disease affecting muscles and joints of the human 
body, chiefly the larger joints, as the hips, knees, shoulders, 
&LC.—Parr. 

RHEuM'Y (rii'me), a. 1. Full of rheum or watery matter ; 
consisting of rheum, or partaking of its nature. 2. Affect- 
ed with rheum. 3. Abounding with sharp moisture ; 
causing rheum. 

RHlME. See Rhyme. 

RHl'NO, n._ A cant word for gold and silver, or money. 

RHi-NO-Ce'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the rhinoceros ; resem- 
bling the rhinoceros. — Toiler . 

RHl-NOC'E-ROS (ri-nos'e-ros), n. [Fr. rhinoceros; L. rhi- 
noceros; Gr. piv and Ktpaq.] A large pachydermatous 
quadruped, nearly allied to the elephant, the hippopota- 
mus, the tapir, <fcc. One species found in the East Indies, 
and one found in Sumatra, have each but one horn on the 
nose ; another species found in Sumatra, and two found in 
Southern Africa, have each two horns on the nose. 

RHI-NOCE-ROS-B1RD, n. A bird, a species of hornbill, 
found in the East Indies and Indian islands. 

RHl-NO-PLAS'TIC, a. [Gr. piv and nXaaaw.] Forming a 
nose. — The rhinoplastic operation, in surgery, is one which 
renews the nose, or supplies a substitute for a natural 
nose._ 

RHl-Zo'MA, n. [Gr. pi^upa.] In botany, a large and fleshy 
or woody part or organ of a root, analogous to a stem 
under ground, which is neither a tuber nor a bulb, as the 
esculent part of the root of a beet or carrot. 

RHl-ZOPH'A-GOUS (ri-zof'a-gus), a. [Gr. piCfl and fayoj.] 
Feeding on roots. 

RHo'DI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Island of Rhodes. 

RHo'DI-UM, n. A metal discovered by Wollaston, in 1803, 
among grains of crude platinum. It is extremely hard 
and brittle, and very difficult to fuse. It is of a white 
color when fused. 

RHO-DO-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. faSov and SevSpov.] The 
name of a genus of plants, including several species which 
are medicinal, and many which are highly ornamental. 

RHOD-O-MON-TIDE', n. See Rodomontade. 

RHo'DON-iTE, n. An impure variety of manganese spar. 
— Dana. 

RHCET'IZ-ITE ) (-ret-), n. A variety of the mineral kya- 

RHET'IZ-lTE 5 nite.— Dana. 

* RHOMB, Ui. [Fr. rhombe; L. rhombus; Gr. f>o^oS.] In 

RHOM'BUS, 5 geometry, an oblique-angled equilateral par- 
allelogram, or a quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal 
and the opposite sides parallel, but the angles unequal, 
two of the angles being obtuse and two acute. 

RHOMB'-SPaR, n. A mineral resembling calc-spar in lus- 
tre and crystals, consisting of the carbonates of lime and 
magnesia, with some carbonate of iron. — Dana. 

RHOM'BIC, a. Having the figure of a rhomb. — Grew. 

RHOM'BOID, n. [Gr. porfos "and a8oS-] 1. In geometry, a 
quadrilateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are 
equal, but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular. — 
2. a. In anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad, and 
obliquely square, fleshy muscle, between the basis of the 
scapula and the spina dorsi. 

RHOM-BO-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. poix6o<: and hhpa.} Related to 
the rhombohedron ; presenting forms derivable from a 
rhombohedron. 

RHOM BO-He'DRON, n. A solid contained by six equal 
rhombic faces or planes. 

RHOM-BOID'AL, a. Having the shape of a rhomboid. 

RHOM'BUS, n. See Rhomb. 

RHu'BaRB (ruTsarb), n. [Syr. raiborig ; L. rhabarbarum.] 
A plant of the genus rheum, of several species. The root 
is medicinal, and much used as a moderate cathartic. 

RHu'BaRB-Y, a. Like rhubarb. 

RHUMB (rum), n. [from rhomb.] In navigation, a circle on 
the earth's surface making a given angle with the meridian 
of the place, marking the direction of any object through 
which it passes. — Brande. 
RHUMB'-LTNE, n. In navigation, the track of a vessel 
which cuts all the meridians at the same angle ; also called 
the loxodromic curve. — Brande. 
RHUS (rus), n. [L. ; Gr. pods.] A genus of plants, including 

the various species of sumach.— P. Cyc. 
RHYME (rime), n. [Sax. rim and gerim ; Sw., Dan. rim ; D. 
H/ra; G. reim.] 1. In poetry, the correspondence of sounds 



in the terminating words or syllables of two verses, one 
of which succeeds the other immediately, or at no great 
distance. 2. A harmonica! succession of sounds. 3. Po- 
etry ; a poem. 4. A word of sound to answer to another 
word. — Rhyme or reason, number or sense. — Spenser. 

RHYME, v. i. 1. To accord in sound. 2. To make verses. 

RHYME, v. t. To put into rhyme.— Wilson. 

RHTM£D (rimd), pp. Put into rhyme. 

RHyME'LESS, a. Destitute of rhyme ; not having conso- 
nance of sound. — Hall. 

RHyM'FT? "i 

RHyM'IST ( n ' < ~ )ne w ^° ma ^ es rhymes ; a versifier ; a 

RHYM'STER, l P °° r Voet.— Dryden. 

RHYM'I€, a. Pertaining to rhyme. 

RHYN'CHO-LlTE (rink o-), n. [Gr. pvyxoi and \i6os.] The 
petrified beak of a bird. 

RHYTHM (rithm), >ra. [Gr. pvBp.og.} 1. In the widest 

RHYTH'MUS (rith'mus), 5 sense, a division of time into 
short portions by a regular succession of motions, im- 
pulses, sounds, &c, producing an agreeable effect, as in 
the dance, music, &c. — 2. In grammar, a division of time 
into short portions by a regular succession of arses and 
theses, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or 
syllables. It belongs peculiarly to poetry, but is found 
likewise, to some extent, in well-constructed prose. 

RHYTH'MI€-AL, a. [Gr. puOuiKoi; L. rhythmicus.] Per- 
taining to rhythmus, which see. 

RI-aL'TO, n. [It] A bridge over the grand canal in Venice. 

Rl'AL (re'al), n. A Spanish coin. See Real. 

RIAL, n. [from royal.] A royal ; a gold coin of the value 
of 10 to 15 shillings sterling, formerly current in Britain. 

Ri'aNT (re'ang), a. [Fr.] Laughing ; producing gayety ; de- 
lightful to the view, as a landscape. — Burke. 

RIB, n. [Sax. rib or ribb ; Ice. rif; G. rippe; D. rib.] 1. A 
bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame of 
the thorax. — 2. In ship-building, a piece of timber which 
forms or strengthens the side of a ship. 3. An arch-formed 
piece of timber for supporting the lath and plaster work 
of a vault. Gwilt. — 4. In botany, the continuation of the 
petiole along the middle of a leaf, and from which the 
veins take their rise. — 5. In cloth, a prominent line or 
rising like a rib. 6. [W. rhib.] Something long, thin, and 
narrow ; a strip. 7. A wife ; an allusion to Eve, as madp 
out of Adam's rib. — Halliwell; [vulgar.] 

RIB, v. t. 1. To furnish with ribs. — In manufactures, to form 
with rising fines and channels. 2. To inclose with ribs - 
Shah. 

RIB'-GRASS, n. A species of plantain ; rib-wort. 

RIB'-RoAST, v. t. [rib and roast.] Tc beat soundly.— But- 
ler. [A burlesque word.] 

RIB'-RoAST-ED, pp. Soundly beaten. 

RIB'-RoAST-ING, ppr. Beating soundly. 

RIB'-SUP-PoRTED, a. Supported by ribs. 

RIB-W6RT, n. A species of plantain, plantago lanceolata. 

RIB'ALD, n. [Fr. ribaud ; It. ribaldo.] A low, vulgar, brutal, 
foul-mouthed wretch ; a lewd fellow. — Pope. 

RIB'ALD, a. Low; base; filthy; obscene. — Shak. 

RIB'ALD-ISH, a. Disposed to ribaldry.— Hall. 

RIBALD-ROUS, a. Containing ribaldry.— J. M. Maso?i. 

RIB'ALD-RY, n. [It. ribalderia.] Mean, vulgar language ■ 
chiefly, obscene language. — Swift. 

RIB'AN, n. In heraldry, the eighth part of a bend. 

RIB'AND. See Ribbon. 

RIBBED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with ribs.— Sandys. 2. In- 
closed as with ribs. — Shak. 3. Marked or formed with 
rising lines and channels. 

RIB'BING, ppr. Furnishing with ribs. 

RIB'BING, n. An assemblage of ribs for a vault or coved 
ceiling. — Gwilt. 

RIB'BON, n. [W. rhibin, rhib; Ir. ruibin; Fr. ruban. The 
orthography ribin would be more accordant with the ety- 
mology.] 1. A fillet of silk; a narrow web of silk used 
for an ornament, as a badge, or for fastening some part of 
female dress. — 2. In naval architecture, a long, narrow, 
flexible piece of timber, nailed upon the outside of the 
ribs from the stem to the stern-post, so as to encompass 
the vessel lengthwise. 

RIB'BON, v. t. To adorn with ribbons.— Beaum. and Fl. 

RIB'BON-GRXSS, n. Canary-grass.— Gardner. 

t RIB'lBE, n. A sort of stringed instrument. See Rebec. 

RIB'LESS, a. Having no ribs. 

RIC, ? as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or a district 

RICK, 3 over which government is exercised, as in bishop 
rick ; Sax. cyne-ric, king-ric. It is the Gothic reiki, domin- 
ion ; Sax. rice or ric. 

RIC, as a termination of names, denotes rich or powerful 
as in Alfric, Frederic, like the Greek Polycrates and Plitr- 
tarchus. It is the first syllable of Richard ; Sax. ric, rice 
See Rich. 

RICE, n. [Fr. riz, or ris ; It. riso ; G. reis, or reiss ; D. ryst , 
Dan. ris.] A plant of the genus oryza, and its send, used 
for food. It is produced in immense quantities in warm 
climates, and is a light, nutritious food, very easy of di- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINF, BiRD ,— MOVE, BOOK. 



RID 



857 



RID 



gestion. Several species of aquatic grasses, of the genus 
zizania, found in North America, are called wild rice. 
RlCE'-BIRD, In. A bird of the United States, the 

RlCE -BUNT-IN G, ) emberiza oryzivora ; so named from 
its feeding on rice. In New England, it is called bobolink, 
j)r bob-lincoln. 
RlCE'-BiRD, n. A beautiful Asiatic bird of the finch fam- 
ily, so named from its depredations in the rice-fields ; also 
called ■paddy-bird and Java sparrow. — P. Cyc. 
RICE'-MILK, n. Milk boiled up and thickened with rice. 
RiCE'-Pa-PER, n. A material brought from China, and 
used for painting upon and for manufacturing fancy arti- 
cles. It is obtained from a leguminous plant, the aschy- 
nomene paludosa. — Brande. — Dana. 
RlCE'-PUD'DING, n. Pudding made of rice. 
RlCE'-WEE-V/L, n. An insect, resembling the common 
wheat-weevil, which attacks rice and Indian corn in the 
southern states. — Harris. 
RICH, a. [Fr. riche ; Sp. rico ; It. ricco ; Sax. ric, rice, ricca ; 
D. ryk ; G. reich.] 1. Wealthy ; opulent ; possessing a 
large portion of land, goods, or money, or a larger portion 
than is common to other men or to men of like rank. 2. 
Splendid ; costly ; valuable ; precious ; sumptuous. 3. 
Abundant in materials ; yielding great quantities of any 
thing valuable. 4. Abounding in valuable ingredients or 
qualities. 5. Full of valuable achievements or works. 6. 
Fertile ; fruitful ; capable of producing large crops or 
quantities. 7. Abundant ; large. 8. Abundant ; afford- 
ing abundance ; plentiful. 9. Full of beautiful scenery. 
10. Abounding with elegant colors. 11. Plentifully stocked. 
12. Strong ; vivid ; perfect. 13. Having something pre- 
cious. 14. Abounding with nutritious qualities. 15. High- 
ly seasoned. 16. Abounding with a variety of delicious 
food. 17. Containing abundance beyond wants. — 18. In 
music, full of sweet or harmonious sounds. — 19. In Scrip- 
ture, abounding; highly endowed. — The rich, used as a 
noun, denotes a rich man or person, or more frequently, 
in the plural, rich men or persons. 
f RICH, v. t. To enrich. — Gower. See Enrich. 
fRICHPD (vicht), pp. Enriched.— Shalt. 
RICHES, n. [Fr. richesse ; It. ricchezza ; Sp. riqueza. This 
is in the singular number, in fact, but treated as the plural.] 
1. Abundant possessions of land, goods, or money. 2. 
Splendid, sumptuous appearance. — 3. In Scripture, an 
abundant supply of spiritual blessings. Luke, xvi. — Syn. 
Wealth ; opulence ; affluence ; wealthiness ; richness ; 
plenty ; abtmdance. 
RICHLY, adv. 1. With riches ; with opulence ; with abund- 
ance of goods or estate ; with ample funds. 2. Gayly ; 
splendidly ; magnificently. 3. Plenteously ; abundantly ; 
amply. 4. Truly ; really ; abundantly ; fully. 
RICHLY-WOOD-ED, a. Abounding with wood.— Irving. 
RICHNESS, n.' 1. Opulence ; wealth.— Sidney. 2. Finery ; 
splendor. — Johnson. 3. Fertility; fecundity; fruitfulness ; 
the qualities which render productive. 4. Fullness ; abund- 
ance. 5. Quality of abounding with something valuable. 
6. Abundance of any ingredient or quality. 7. Abundance 
of beautiful scenery. 8. Abundance of nutritious quali- 
ties. 9. Abundance of high seasoning. 10. Strength ; 
vividness ; or whatever constitutes perfection. 11. Abund- 
ance of imagery or of striking ideas. 
RI-CIN'I€ ACID, n. A substance obtained by distilling 
castor-oil at a high temperature ; so called from ricinus, 
the generic name of the castor-oil plant. — Brande. 
RICK, n. [Sax. hreac or hrig ; Ir. cruach ; W. crug.] A 
heap or pile of grain or hay in the field or open air, but 
commonly sheltered with a covering of some kind. — In 
America, we usually give this name to a long pile, the 
round and conical pile being called stack. 
RICK'ETS, n. pi. [In technical language, rachitis; Gr. /5a%i- 
ris ; Sp. raquitio.] A disease of children, characterized by 
a bulky head, crooked spine, short stature, with clear and 
often premature mental faculties. 
RI€K'ET-Y, a. 1. Affected with rickets. —ArTrnthnot. 2. 

Weak ; feeble in the joints ; imperfect. 
RIC'O-cHET (rik'o-shet or rik-o-sha'), n. [Fr. a rebounding.] 
In gunnery, the firing of guns, mortars, or howitzers, usu- 
ally with small charges, and elevated a few degrees, so as 
to carry the balls or shells just over the parapet, and 
cause them to rebound or roll along the opposite rampart. 
[The verb ricochet having been naturalized as an English 
word, it is desirable that the noun should likewise have 
the English pronunciation.] 
RIC-O-cHET', v. t. To operate upon by ricochet firing. — 

P. Cyc. 
RIG-O-cHET'TED, pp. Operated upon by ricochet firing. 
RIC-O-cHET'TING (-shefting), ppr. or a. Operating upon 

by ricochet firing. 
\ RIC'TURE, n. [L. rictura.] A gaping.— Diet. 
RID, pret. of ride. 

RID, v. t. ; pret. and pp. rid. [Sax. ahreddan or hreddan ; D. 
redden ; G. retten or erretten ; Dan. redder.] 1. To free ; 
to deliver ; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver or 



save. 2. To separate ; to drive away. 3. To free ; to 

clear ; to disencumber. 4. To dispatch. 5. To driv« 

away ; to remove by violence ; to destroy. 
RID, pp. or a. Free ; clear ; as, to be rid of trouble. 
RID'DANCE, n. 1. Deliverance ; a setting free. 2. Disen 

cumbrance. 3. The act of clearing away. 

RID'DING, ppr. Freeing; clearing; disencumbering. 
RID'DLE (rid'dl), n. [Sax. hriddel ; W.rhidyll.) An instru 

ment for cleaning grain, being a large sieve with a perfo 

rated bottom. 
RID'DLE (rid'dl), v. t. 1. To separate, as grain from the 

chaff with a riddle ; as, to riddle wheat. 2. To perforate 

with balls ; to make little holes in ; as, a house riddled 

with shot. 
RID'DLE (rid'dl), n. [Sax. radelse; D. raadzel; G. rathsel.] 

1. An 'enigma; something proposed for conjecture, oi 
that is to be solved by conjecture ; a puzzling question ; 
an ambiguous proposition. — Judges, xiv. 2. Any thing am- 
biguous or puzzling. 

RIDDLE, v. t. To solve ; to explain ; but we generally use 
unriddle, which is more proper. 

RID'DLE, v. i. To speak ambiguously, obscurely, or enig- 
matically. — Shak. 

RID'DLPD, pp. Separated, as with a riddle ; perforated. 

RID'DLER, n. One who speaks ambiguously. 

RID'DLING, n. That which i3 deposited by riddling. 

RID'DLING-LY, adv. In the manner of a riddle. 

RIDE, v. i. ; pret rode, or rid; pp. rid, ridden. [Sax. ridan, 
G. reiten; D. ryden; Sw. rida ; Dan. rider.] 1. To be car- 
ried on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle. [In 
England, present usage confines the verb ride chiefly to 
motion on horseback, and when an excursion in a car- 
riage or other vehicle is intended, the expression is ordi- 
narily, to take a drive. This distinction has sprung up 
within the last hundred years, and is not yet introduced 
into most English dictionaries. Nor is ride wholly con- 
fined to motion on a horse, since the English speak of 
riding in a stage-coach on a journey, &c. Still, to an 
English ear, the word ride, without qualification, naturally 
suggests but one idea, that of being borne on a horse. 
Whenever an excursion is spoken of, the expression is 
uniformly to ride, or to take a drive, according to the na- 
ture of the conveyance. In all other case-s, as of traveling, 
&c, whenever motion in a vehicle is intended, the quali- 
fying clause is added ; so that ride, standing by itself, 
always means motion on horseback. This usage doea 
not yet prevail, to any great extent, in America. — Ed.] 

2. To be borne on or in a fluid. 3. To be supported in 
motion. 4. To practice riding. 5. To manage a horse 
well. 6. To be supported by something subservient ; to 
sit. — To ride easy, in seamen's language, is when a ship 
does not labor or feel a great strain on her cables. — To 
ride hard, is when a ship pitches violently, so as to strain 
her cables, masts, and hull. — To ride out, as a gale, signi- 
fies that a ship does not drive during a storm. 

RIDE, v. t. 1. To sit on, so as to be carried. 2. To manage 
insolently at will.— Swift, 3. To carry ; [local] 

RIDE, n. 1. An excursion on horseback or in a vehicle. 
[In England, present usage confines a ride to motion on 
horseback, and applies the term drive to an excursion in a 
carriage or other vehicle. See the verb. — Ed.] 2. A sad- 
dle horse. — Grose; [local] 3. A road cut in a wood or 
through a ground for the amusement of riding ; a riding. 

Rl-DEAU' (re-do 7 ), n. [Fr.] A small mound of earth. 

RID'ER, n. 1. One who is borne on a horse or other beast, 
or in a vehicle. [See Ride.] 2. One who breaks or man- 
ages a horse. 3. The matrix of an ore. 4. An addition 
to a manuscript or other document, inserted after its 
completion, on a separate piece of paper ; an additional 
clause, as to a bill in parliament.— 5. In ship-building, a 
sort of interior rib fixed occasionally in a ship's hold, op- 
posite to some of the timbers to which they are bolted, 
and reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower 
deck, to strengthen her frame. 6. A name given to the 
second tier of casks in a vessel's hold.— Totten. 

RID'ER-LESS, a. Having no rider. 

RID6E. n. [Sax. rig, ricg, hric, hricg ; Sw. rygg ; D. rug ; 
G. rucken.] 1. The back, or top of the back. 2. A long 
or continued range of hills or mountains ; or the upper 
part of such a range. 3. A steep elevation, eminence, or 
protuberance. 4. A long, rising land, or a strip of ground 
thrown up by a plow or left between furrows.— Ps. lxv 
5. The top or upper angle of the roof of a building. 6. 
Any long elevation of land.— 7. Ridges of a horse's mouth 
are wrinkles or risings of flesh in the roof of the mouth. 

RID6E, v. t. 1. To form a ridge.— 2. In tillage, to form into 
ridges with the plow. 3. To wrinkle. 

RID6£D (rijd), pp. Formed into a ridge ; wrinkled. 

RIDG'IL, \n. The male of any beast half-gelded. - 

RIDDLING, j Encyc. 

RIDti'ING, ppr. Forming into a ridge ; wrinkl i ng. 



D6VE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— <G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



RIG 



858 



BIG 



f RID6TNG-LY, adv. After the manner of ridges ; or ridge 
by ridge. — Huloet. 

RIDg'Y, a. Having a ridge or ridges ; rising in a ridge. 

RI1/I-€ULE, n. [ Fr. ; L. ridiculum. ] 1. Contemptuous 
laughter ; or, rather, remarks designed to awaken laugh- 
ter with some degree of contempt. 2. That species "of 
writing which excites contempt with laughter. — Syn. Deri- 
sion ; wit ; banter ; raillery ; burlesque ; mockery ; irony ; 
satire ; sarcasm ; gibe ; jeer ; sneer. 

hlD'I-€ULE, v. t. 1. To laugh at with .expressions of con- 
tempt. 2. To treat with contemptuous merriment; to 
expose to contempt or derision by writing. — Syn. To de- 
ride ; banter ; rally ; burlesque ; mock ; satirize ; lampoon. 

fRID'I-CULE, a. Ridiculous. 

RID'I-€ UL ED, pp. Treated with laughter and contempt. 

RID'I-€uL-ER, n. One who ridicules. — Chesterfield. 

RID'I-€uL-ING, ppr. Laughing at in contempt 

RI-DIC'U-LOUS, a. [L. ridiculus ; It. ridicoloso.] That may 
justly excite laughter with contempt. — Syn. Ludicrous ; 
laughable ; risible ; droll ; absurd ; preposterous. 

RI-DICU-LOUS-LY, adv. In a manner worthy of contempt- 
uous merriment. 

RI-DIC'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ridicu- 
lous. 

RlDTNG, ppr. [from ride.] 1. Passing or traveling on a 
beast or in a vehicle ; flowing. 2. a. Employed to travel 
_on any occasion. — Ayliffe. 

RlD'ING, n. 1. A road cut in a wood or through a ground, 
for the diversion of riding therein. — Sidney. 2. [corrupted 
from trithing, third.] One of the three intermediate juris- 
dictions between a three and a hundred, into which the 
^ounty of York, in England, is divided. 

RlD'ING-CLERK, n. In England, one of the six clerks in 
chancery.— Ash. 

RID'ING-€oAT, n. A coat for riding on a journey. 

RlDTNG-HAB-lT, n. A garment worn by females when 
they ride or travel. — Guardian. 

RlD'ING-HOOD, n. A hood used by females when they 
_ride ; a kind of cloak with a hood. 

RlD'ING-SCHOOL (-skool), n. A school or place where 
the art of riding is taught. 

RI-DOT'TO, n. [It. ; L. riductus.] A favorite Italian public 
entertainment, consisting of music and dancing; held gen- 
erally on fast eves. — Brande. 

RIE. See Rye. 

RlFE, a. [Sax. ryfe.] Prevailing ; prevalent.— Knolles. [It 
is used of epidemic diseases.] 

RIFE'LY, adv. Prevalently ; frequently. — Knolles. 

RlFE'NESS, n. Frequency ; prevalence. — Arbuthnot. 

RIFF'RAFF, n. [Fr. riflcr ; G. raffen; Dan. rips, raps.] Sweep- 
jngs ; refuse. — Hall. 

Rl'FLE (rl'fl), v. t. [Fr. rifler.] 1. To seize and bear away 
by force ; to snatch away. '2. To strip ; to rob ; to pillage ; 
to plunder. 

Rl'FLE, n. [Dan. rifle or riffle.] 1. A gun about the usual 
size of a musket, the inside of whose barrel is rifled, that 
is, grooved, or formed with spiral channels. 2. An instru- 
ment used for sharpening scythes ; [America.] 

Rl'FLE, v. t. To groove ; to channel. 

Rl'FLED (ri'fld), pp. Seized and carried away by violence ; 
pillaged ; channeled. 

Rl'FLE-MAN, n. A man armed with a rifle. 

Rl'FLER n. A robber; one who seizes and bears away by 
violence. 

Rl'FLING, ppr. Plundering ; seizing and carrying away by 
violence ; grooving. 

PJFT, n. [D. rif.] A shallow place in a stream ; a fording- 
place. [Local.] 

RIFT, n. [from rife.] A cleft; a fissure ; an opening made 
by riving or splitting. — Dryden. 

RIFT, v. t. To cleave ; to rive ; to split. — Pope. 

RIFT, v. i. 1. To burst open ; to split.— Bacon. 2. To belch ; 
to break wind ; [local.] 

RIFT'ED,£p. Split; rent; cleft. 

RIFTING, ppr. Splitting ; cleaving ; bursting. 

RIG, n. [Sax.] A ridge, which see. 

RIG, v. t. [Sax. wrigan.] 1. To dress ; to put on ; when ap- 
plied to persons, not elegant, but rather a ludicrous word 
to express the putting on of a gay, flaunting, or unusual 
dress. 2. To furnish with apparatus or gear ; to fit with 
tackling ; as, to rig a purchase. — 3. To rig a ship, in sea- 
men's language, is to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c, to 
their respective masts and yards. 

RIG, n. [See the verb.] 1. Dress. 2. The peculiar manner 
of fitting the masts and rigging to the hull of a vessel ; as, 
schooner rig, &c. — Brande. 3. Bluster. — Burke; [not used.] 
4, A romp ; a wanton ; a strumpet. — To run the rig, to 
play a wanton trick.— To run the rig upon, to practice a 
sportive trick on. 

RIG, v. i. To play the wanton. 

RIG-A-DOON', n. [Fr. rigodon.) A gay, brisk dance, per- 
formed by one couple, and said to have been borrowed 
from Provence, in France. 



: See Synopsis, a K, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ; 



Rl-GI'TION, n. [L. rigatio.] The act of watering ; but it 
rigation is generally used. 

Rl'GEL, n. A fixed star of the first magnitude, in the left 
foot of Orion. 

RIGG.ED (rigd), pp. Dressed ; furnished with shrouds, stays, 
&c, as a ship. 

RIG'GER n. 1. One who rigs or dresses ; one whose occu 
pation is to fit the rigging of a ship. 2. A cylindrical pul 
ley or drum in machinery. — Hebert. 

RIG'GING, ppr. Dressing ; fitting with shrouds, braces, &c. 

RIG'GING, n. Dress ; tackle ; particularly, the ropes which 
support the masts, extend and contract the sails, &c, of a 
ship. The standing rigging includes the shrouds, stays, 
and pendants ; the running rigging includes all the ropes 
used in bracing the yards, making and shortening sail, &c 
— Brande. — Totten. 

t RIG'GISH, a. Wanton ; lewd.— Shah. 

RIG'GLE (rig'gl), v. i. To move one way and the other 
See Wriggle. 

RIGHT (rite), a. [Sax. riht, relit ; D. regt ; G. recht ; Dan. 
rigtig ; Sw. ricktig ; It. retto ; Sp. recto ; L. rectus.] 1. 
Properly, strained ; stretched to straightness ; hence, 2. 
Having straightness; not crooked; as, a right line. 3. 
Having perpendicularity ; as, a right sphere ; right ascen- 
sion. — 4. In morals and religion, accordant to the standard 
of truth and justice or the will of God. 5. Accordant with 
fitness or propriety. 6. According to law; as, the right 
heir. — Locke. 1. Not erroneous or wrong ; according to 
fact. 8. Passing a judgment according to truth ; not mis- 
taken or wrong. 9. Not left ; most convenient or dex- 
trous. 10. Most favorable or convenient. 11. Properly 
placed, disposed, or adjusted ; orderly ; well regulated. 
12. Well performed, as an art or act. 13. Most" direct 
14. Being on the same side as the right hand. 15. Being 
on the right hand of a person whose face is toward the 
mouth of a river. 15. Denoting the side which was de- 
signed to go outward ; as, the right side of a piece of 
cloth. — Syn. Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; 
lawful ; rightful ; true ; correct ; just ; equitable ; proper ; 
fit ; suitable ; becommg. 

RIGHT (rite), adv. 1. In a right or straight line ; directly. 
2. According to the law or will of God, or to the standard 
of truth and justice. 3. According to any rule of art. 4. 
According to fact or truth. 5. In a great degree ; very ; 
[inelegant.] 6. It is prefixed to titles ; as in right honor 
able. 

RIGHT is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is 
right, it is true, &c. Pope. — On the right, on the 6ide with 
the right hand. 

RIGHT (rite), n. 1. Conformity to the will of God, or to 
his law, the perfect standard of tr~th and justice. 2. Con- 
formity to human laws, or to other human standard of 
truth, propriety, or justice. 3. Justice ; that which is due 
or proper. 4. Freedom from error ; conformity with truth 
or fact. 5. Just claim ; legal title ; ownership ; the legal 
power of exclusive possession and enjoyment. 6. Just 
claim by courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility 
and decorum. 7. Just claim by sovereignty ; prerogative. 
8. That which justly belongs to one. 9. Property ; inter- 
est ; as, a right in one's prince. — Dryden. 10. Just claim ; 
immunity ; privilege ; as, the rights of citizens. 11. Au- 
thority ; "legal power. — 12. In the United States, a tract oi 
land ; or a share or proportion of property, as in a mine 
or manufactory. 13. The side opposite to the left ; as, on 
the right. — To rights. 1. In a direct line ; straight ; [un- 
usual!] 2. Directly ; soon.— To set to rights or to put to 
rights, to put into good order ; to adjust ; to regulate what 
is out of order. — Bill of rights, a list of rights ; a paper 
containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself 
— Writ of right, a writ which lies to recover lands in fee- 
simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner. 

RIGHT (rite), v. t. 1. To do justice to ; to relieve from 
wrong. Taylor. — 2. In seamen's language, to right a vessel 
is to restore her to an upright position after careening.- 
To right the helm, to place it in the middle of the ship. 

RIGHT, v. i. To rise with the masts erect as a ship. 

RIGHT AN"GLE (ritf ang-gl), n. In geometry, an angle of 
ninety degrees, or one fourth of a circle. 

RlGHT'-AN"GLED (rif-ang-gld), a. Containing a right an 
j*le or right angles. 

RIGHT HAND, n. The hand opposite to the left, usually 
the most employed. 

RTGHT'-HAND'ED, a. Using the right hand more easily 
Jhan the left. 

RlGHT-HEXRT-ED, a. Having right dispositions. 

RIGHT-MIND-ED, a. Having a right or honest mind 
Taylor. 

RlGHT-MIND'ED-NESS, n. A right state of mind. 

RlGHT'-RUN-NING, a. Straight running.— Phillips. 

RIGHT WHILE, n. The common whale, from whose 
mouth whalebone is obtained, as distinguished from the 
spermaceti whale. 

RIGHTED, pp. Relieved from injustice ; set upright. 

PREY ;— MARiN^Bm'Di^Mfi V K. BOOK. 



RIL 



859 



RUN 



♦ RIGHT EN, v. t. [Sax. gerihtan.} To do justice to. 
♦RIGHTEOUS (ri'chus), a. [Sax. rihtwise.] 1. Accordant 

to the divine law, or to the principles of rectitude ; as, a 
righteous man «r deed. 2. Accordant to justice or desert ; 
as, a righteous doom.— Syn. Upright ; just ; godly ; holy ; 
uncorrupt ; virtuous ; honest ; equitable ; rightful. 
"I RlGHTEOUSED (ri'chust), a. Made righteous ; justified. 

* RlGHTEOUS-LY (ri'chus-ly), adv. Justly; in accordance 

with the laws of justice ; equitably. 

' RlGHTEOUS-NESS (ri'chus-nes), n. 1. Purity of heart 
and rectitude of life ; conformity of heart and life to the 
divine law.— 2. Applied to God, the perfection of his na- 
ture ; exact rectitude. 3. The active and passive obedi- 
ence of Christ, by which the law of God is fulfilled. — Dan., 
ix. 4. The cause of our justification. Jer., xxiii. — Syn. 
Uprightness ; holiness ; godliness ; equity ; justice ; right- 
fulness ; integrity ; honesty ; faithfulness. 

RlGHTER, 7t. One who sets right ; one who does justice 
_or redresses wrong. 

RIGHTFUL, a. 1. Having the right or just claim according 
to established laws. 2. Being by right, or by just claim. 
3i Consonant to justice. — Syn. Just ; lawful ; true ; hon- 
est ; equitable ; proper. 

RlGHTFUL-LY, adv. According to right, law, or justice. 

RIGHTFULNESS, n. 1. Justice; accordance with the 
rules of right. 2. Moral rectitude ; [not usual.] 

RIGHTING, ppr. Doing justice to ; setting upright. 

RlGHTLESS, a. Destitute of right. 

RlGHTLY (ritele), adv. 1. According to justice; accord- 
ing to the divine will or moral rectitude. 2. Properly ; 
fitly ; suitably. 3. According to truth or fact ; not errone- 
ously. 4. Honestly; uprightly. 5. Exactly. 6. Straight- 
Jy; directly; [obs.] 

RlGHTNESS, n. 1. Correctness ; conformity to truth or 
to the divine will, which is the standard of moral recti- 
tude. 2. Straightness. 

RIGID, a. [Fr. rigide; It., Sp. rigido ; L. rigidus.] 1. Not 
pliant; not easily bent. It is applied to bodies or sub- 
stances that are naturally soft or flexible, but not fluid. 
Rigid is opposed to flexible, but expresses less than inflex- 
ible. 2. Characterized by strictness in opinion, practice, 
demand, or discipline, or by severity in temper ; not lax 
or indulgent ; as, a rigid master or law. 3. Severely just, 
as a sentence or doom. 4. Exactly according to the sen- 
tence or law. — Syn. Stiff ; unpliant ; inflexible ; unyield- 
ing ; strict ; exact ; severe ; austere ; stern ; rigorous ; 
unmitigated. 

RI-GlD'I-TY, n. [Fr. rigidite; L. rigidilas.] 1. Want of pli- 
ability ; the quality of resisting change of form ; opposed 
to flexibility, malleability, ductility, softness. 2. The quali- 
ty of being stiff in appearance or manner; want of ease or 
airy elegance. — Syn. Stiffness ; rigidness ; inflexibility. 

RlGTD-LY, adv. 1. Stiffly; unpliantly. 2. Severely; strict- 
ly ; exactly ; without laxity, indulgence, or abatement. 

RlG'ID-NESS, n. 1. Stiffness of a body ; the quality of not 
being easily bent. 2. Severity of temper ; strictness in 
opinion or practice. 

RIG'LET, 72. A flat, thin piece of wood, a reglet, which see. 

RIG'MA-ROLE, n. A succession of confused or nonsensical 
statements ; often used as an adjective ; as, a rigmarole sto- 
ry .— Go Idsjtdth. 

RIG'OL, n. A circle ; a diadem. — Shak. 

RIG'OLL, n. A musical instrument consisting of several 
sticks bound together, but sepai'ated by beads. — Encyc. 

RIGOR, n. [L. ; Fr. rigucur.) 1. The property of being 
stiff or rigid ; as, Gorgonian rigor. Milton. — 2. In medi- 
cine, a sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin ; a 
convulsive shuddering or slight tremor, as in the cold fit 
of a fever. 3. The quality of being stiff or severe in opin- 
ion or temper. 4. The quality of being severe in life ; vol- 
untary submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification. 5. 
The quality of being strict or exact, without allowance, 
latitude, or indulgence ; as, the rigor of discipline. 6. Vi- 
olence ; fury; [obs.] 7. Hardness; solidity; [unusual] 
8. The quality of being severe or very cold ; as, the rigor 
of a Norwegian winter.— Syn. Stiffness; rigidness; inflex- 
ibility; severity; austerity; sternness; harshness; strict- 
ness ; exactness. 

RIG'OR-IST, n. One very rigorous; a name sometimes 
given to the extreme Jansenists. — Brande. 

RIG'OR-OUS, a. [Fr. rigoureux.] 1. Allowing no abatement 
or mitigation, as a disciplinarian. 2. Without abatement 
or relaxation, as criticism or discipline. 3. Scrupulously 
accurate, as a definition or demonstration. 4. Very cold, 
as a winter. — Syn. Rigid ; inflexible ; unyielding ; stiff' ; 
severe; austere, stern; harsh; strict; exact. 

RIG'OR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Severely ; without relaxation, 
abatement, or mitigation. 2. Strictly ; exactly ; with scru- 
pulous nicety ; rigidly. 

RIG'OR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Severity without relaxation or 

mitigation ; exactness. — Ash. 2. Severity. 
Ri'-LlE'VO, n. [It.] In architecture. See Relief. 
RILL, n. [G. rille; W. rhill.] A small brook; a rivulet. 



1 RILL, 

! RILL'ET, 77. 



To run in a small stream, or in 6creamlets. 
A small stream ; a rivulet. — Drayton. 

RIM, n. [Sax. rima and reoma ; W. rhim and rhimp.] 1. The 
border, edge, brim, or margin which surrounds a thing 
2. The lower part of the belly or abdomen. 

RIM, v. t. To put on a rim or hoop at the border. 

RIME, n. [Sax. rim.] Rhyme, which see. 

RlME, n. [Sax. hrim; Ice. hrym; D. rym.] White or hoar 
frost ; congealed dew or vapor. — Bacon. 

[RlME, n. [L. rima; Sw. remna.] A chink; a fissure; a 
rent or long aperture. 

RlME, v. i. To freeze or congeal into hoar frost. 

Rl'MoSE, }a. [L. rimosus.] In natural history, chinky, 

Rl'MOUS, 5 abounding with clefts, cracks, or chinks, like 
Jhose in the bark of a tree. 

Rl-MOS'I-TY, 11. The state of being rimose or chinky. 

RIM'PLE (rim'pl), n. [Sax. hrympelli.] A fold or wrinkle. 
See Rumple. 

RIM'PLE, v. t. To rumple ; to wrinkle. 

RIM'PLING, n. Undulation. 

Rl'MY, a. [from rime.] Abounding with rime ; irosty. 

RlND, n. [Sax. rind or hrind ; G. rinde.] The skin or coat 
of fruit that ma}' be pared or peeled off ; the peel ; also, 
the bark of trees. 

f RlND, v. t. To bark ; to decorticate. 

RIN'DLE, n. A small water-course or gutter.— Ash. 

RIN-FOR-ZAN'DO (-fort-san'do). [It.] In music, a direction 
to the performer that the sound is to be increased. — Busby 

RING, n. [Sax. ring or hring ; D. ring or kring ; G., D. 
Sw. ring.] 1. A circle, or a cireular line, or any thing in 
the form of a circular line or hoop. 2. A circular course 

PJNG, n. 1. A sound ; particularly, the sound of metals. 2. 
Any loud sound, or the sounds of numerous voices ; or 
sound continued, repeated, or reverberated. 2. A chime, 
or set of bells harmonically tuned. 

RING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. rung. [Sax ringan, hringan ; G., 
D. ringen ; Sw. ringa ; Dan. ringer.] To cause to sound, 
particularly by striking a metallic body. 

RING, v. t. [from the noun.] 1. To encircle. Shak. — 2. In 
horticulture, to cut cut a ring of bark ; as, to ring branch- 
es or roots.— Gardner. 3. To fit with rings, as the fingers, 
or as a swine's snout. — Shak. 

RING, v. i. 1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body 
particularly a metallic one. 2. To practice the art of 
making music with bells. 3. To sound ; to resound. 4 
To utter, as a bell ; to sound. 5. To tinkle ; to have the 
sensation of sound continued. 6. To be filled with report 
or talk. 

RING'-BoLT, n. An iron bolt having a ring in one end of it. 

RING'-BONE, 77. A callus growing in the hollow circle of 
the little pastern of a horse, just above the coronet. 

RING'-Di-AL, 72. A pocket sun-dial in form of a ring. 

RING'-DoVE (-duv), 72. [G. ringeltaube.] A species of pig 
eon, the columba palumbus ; the cushat. 

RING'-FENCE, n- A fence encircling an estate within ont 
inclosure. 

RING'-FIN"GER, n. The third finger of the left hand, on 
which the ring is placed in marriage ; vulgarly supposed 
to communicate, by a nerve, directly with the heart. — Hal- 
liwell. 

RING'-FORMED, a. Formed like a ring.— Whewell. 

RING'-OU-SEL, n. A British bird of the thrush family 

RING'-SaIL, 77.. Sec Ring-tail. 

RING'-SHaPED (-shapt), a. Having the shape of a ring.- 
De Candollc. 

RING'-STReAKED (-streekt), a. [ring and streak.] Having 
circular streaks or lines on the body. 

RING'-TaIL, n. 1. A bird having a white tail, the female oi 
the hen-harrier. 2. A light sail set abaft and beyond the 
spanker of a ship or bark; also called ring-sail. — Tottcn. 

RING'-TaILED, a. Having a tail striped as if surrounded 
by a ring ; applied to a young golden eagle — P. Cyc. 

RING-W6RM (-wurm), 72. [ring and worm ] An eruption on 
the skin, in small vesicles with a reddish base, and form- 
ing rings whose area is slightly discolored. 

RIN^GENT, a. [L. ringor.] In botany, a ringcnt corol is one 
which is irregular and monopetalous, with the border di- 
vided into two parts, called the upper and lower lip, the 
upper arched, so that there is a space between the two 
like an open mouth. 

RINGER, 7?, One who rings. 

RINGING, ppr. Causing to sound, as a bell; sounding, 
cutting out a ring of bark ; fitting with rings. 

RINGING, 72. 1. The act of sounding or of causing to sound, 
— 2. In horticulture, the cutting out of a ring of bark for 
the purpose of making a branch fruitful, &c. — Gardner. 

RING'LeAD, v. i. To conduct. [Little used.] 

RING'L£AD-ER, 72. [ring and leader.] The leader of any 
association of men engaged in violation of law or an ille- 
gal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, and the like. 

RINGLET, n. [dim. of ring.] 1. A small ring.— Pope. 2. A 

curl; particularly, a curl of hair. — Milton. 3. A circle. 

I RINSE (r'ms), v. t. [Hw.rensa or rena; Dan. renser; Sax. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



RIP 



860 



BJS 



D., G. rein ; Fr. rincer.] 1. To cleanse by the introduction 
of water; applied particularly to hollow vessels; as, to 
rinse a bottle. But in present usage, 2. To cleanse with a 
second or repeated application of water, after washing. 
We distinguish washing from rinsing. Washing is per- 
formed by rubbing or with the use of soap ; rinsing is per- 
formed with clean water, without much rubbing or the use 
of soap. 

RINS-ED (rmst), pp. Cleansed with a second water; cleaned. 

RINS'ER, n. One who rinses. 

RINS'ING, ppr. or n. Cleansing with a second water. 

Rl'OT, n. [Norm, riotti ; It. riotta ; Fr. riote.] 1. Riot, at 
common law, is a tumultuous disturbance of the peace by 
three or more persons, mutually aiding and assisting each 
other, whether the act which they originally intended to 
perform was in itself lawful or unlawful.— Bouvier. 2. 
Uproar ; tumult ; wild and noisy festivity. 3. Excessive 
and expensive feasting. — 2 Pet., ii. 4. Luxury. — To run 
riot, to act or move without control or restraint. 

Rl'OT, v. i. [Fr. rioter ; It. riottare.] 1. To revel ; to run to 
excess in feasting, drinking, or other sensual indulgences. 

2. To luxuriate ; to be highly excited. 3. To banquet ; to 
Hve in luxury ; to enjoy. 4. To raise an uproar or sedition. 

Rl'OT-ER, n. 1. One who indulges in loose festivity or ex- 
cessive feasting. — 2. In law, one guilty of meeting with oth- 
ers to do an unlawful act, and declining to retire upon 
proclamation. 

Rl'OT-ING, ppr. Reveling ; indulging in excessive feasting. 

Rl'OT-ING, n. A reveling. 

f Rl'OT-iSE, n. Dissoluteness ; luxury. — Spenser. 

Rl'OT-OUS, a. [It. riottoso.] 1. Luxurious ; wanton or li- 
centious in festive indulgences. 2. Consisting of riot ; tu- 
multuous ; partaking of the nature of an unlawful assem- 
bly; seditious. 3. Guilty of riot; [applied to persons.] 

Rl'OT-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With excessive or licentious luxu- 
ry. 2. In the manner of an unlawful assembly ; tumultu- 
ously ; seditiously. 

Rl'OT-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being riotous. 

Rl'OT-RY, n. Riot; practice of rioting.— Taylor. 

RIP, v. t. [Sax. rypan, ryppan, hrypan , Sw. rifva ; Dan. river.] 
1. To separate by cutting or tearing ; to tear or cut open 
or off ; to tear oif or out by violence. 2. To take out or 
away by cutting or tearing. 3. To tear up for search or 
disclosure, or for alteration ; to search to the bottom : with 
up. — 4. To rip out an oath is to swear hastily and violently. 

RIP, n. 1. A tearing ; a place torn ; laceration. 2. A wick- 
er basket to carry fish in. 3. Refuse ; [not in use or local.] 

RI-Pa'RI-AN, a. [L. ripa.] Pertaining to the bank of a river. 

RlPE, a. [Sax. ripe, gerip ; D. ryp ; G. reif.] 1. Brought to 
perfection in growth or to the best state ; mature ; fit for 
use. 2. Advanced to perfection ; matured, as wisdom. 

3. Finished ; consummate ; as, a ripe scholar. — Shah. 4. 
Brought to the point of taking effect ; matured ; ready ; 
prepared ; as, things ripe for a war. — Addison. 5. Fully 
qualified by improvement ; prepared ; as, ripe for heaven. 
6. Advanced to a state in which it is fit for use ; as, ripe 
cheese. 7. Resembling the ripeness of fruit ; as, a ripe 
lip. — Shah. 8. Complete; proper for use; as, "when time 
is ripe." — Shak. 9. Matured; suppurated, as an abscess or 
tumor. 

f RlPE, v. i. To ripen ; to grow ripe •, to be matured. 

\ RlPE, v. t. To mature ; to ripen.— Shak. 

RlPE'LY, adv. Maturely ; at the fit time.— Shak. 

RlP'iSN (ri'pn), v. i. [Sax. ripian ; D. rypen ; G. reifen.] 1. 
To grow ripe; to be matured, as grain or fruit. 2. To 
jipproach or come to perfection ; to be fitted or prepared. 

RlP'jEN (ri'pn), v. t. 1. To mature ; to make ripe, as grain 
or fruit. 2. To mature ; to fit or prepare. 3. To bring to 
j>erfection. 

RlP'.ENED, pp. or a. Made ripe ; come to maturity. 

RlP .EN-ING, ppr. or a. Maturing ; growing or making ripe. 

RlP'£N-ING, n. The act of becoming ripe. 

RIPE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being ripe, or brought to that 
state of perfection which fits for use ; maturity. 2. Full 
growth. — Denham. 3. Perfection; completeness. 4. Fit- 
ness ; qualification. 5. Complete maturation or suppura- 
_tion, as of an ulcer or abscess. 6. A state of preparation. 

Rl-PHE'AN, a. An epithet given to certain mountains in the 
north of Asia. 

RIP-I-E'NO, a. [It.] In music, full. 

t RIP'IER, > n. In old laws, one who brings fish to market 

t RIP'PER, 5 in the inland country.— Cowel. 

RIPPED (ript), pp. Torn or cut off or out ; torn open. 

RIP'PER, n. One who tears or cuts open. 

RIP'PING, ppr. Cutting or tearing off or open ; tearing up. 

RIP'PING, n. 1. A tearing. 2. A discovery. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

RIP'PLE (rip'pl), v. i. [Dan. ripper.] To fret on the surface, 
as water when agitated. 

RIP'PLE (rip'pl), v. t. [G. riffeln, to hatchel.] 1. To clean, 
as flax. — Ray. 2. To agitate the surface of water. 

RIP'PLE (rip'pl), n. 1. The fretting of the surface of wa- 
ter ; little curling waves. 2. A large comb or hatchel for 
cleaning flax. 



RIP'PLE-GRASS, n. A species of plantain, rib-grass. - 
Farm. Encyc. 

RIP'PLE-MaRK, n. A name given to small undulations on 
the surface of a sea-beach, left by the receding waves. — In 
geology, similar undulations on the surface of many rocks 
are called ripple-marks. — P. Cyc. 

RIP'PLE-MXRKED (-markt), a. Having ripple-murks.— 
Lyell. 

RIP'PLING, ppr. Fretting on the surface ; cleaning, as flax. 

RIP'PLING, n. 1. The breaking of ripples or the noise of 
it. 2. The act or method of cleaning flax ; a hatcheling. 

RIP'PLING-LY, adv. In the manner of ripples. 

RIP'RAP, n. In engineering, a foundation or parapet of 
stones thrown together without order, as in deep water 
or on a soft bottom. 

RIPT, pp. for ripped. 

RIP'TOW-ELL, n. A gratuity given to tenants after they 
had reaped their lord's corn.— Todd. 

RISE (rize), v. i. ; pret. rose ; pp. risen ; pron. roze, run 
[Sax. arisan ; D. ryzen ; Goth, reisan.] 1. To move or 
pass upward in any manner ; to ascend. 2. To get up ; 
to leave the place of sleep or rest. 3. To get up or move 
from any recumbent to an erect posture. 4. To get up 
from a seat ; to leave a sitting posture. 5. To spring ; to 
grow. 6. To swell in quantity or extent ; to be more ele- 
vated. 7. To break forth ; to appear, as a swelling on the 
skin. 8. To appear above the horizon ; to shine ; as, the 
sun or moon rises. 9. To begin to exist ; to originate ; to 
come into being or notice ; to commence. 10. To be ex- 
cited ; to begin to move or act, as the wind. 11. To in 
crease in violence. 12. To appear in view. 13. To ap- 
pear in sight; also, to appear more elevated. 14. To 
change a station ; to leave a place. — Knolles. 15. To 
spring ; to be excited or produced. 16. To gain elevation 
in rank, fortune, or public estimation; to be promoted. 
17. To break forth into public commotions ; to make open 
opposition to government. 18. To be excited or roused 
into action. 19. To make a hostile attack. — Deut., xxii., 
26. 20. To increase; to swell; to grow more or greater. 
21. To be improved ; to recover frr_m depression. 22. To 
elevate the style or manner. 23. To be revived from 
death.— 1 Thess., iv., 16. 24. To come by chance. 25. To 
ascend ; to be elevated above the level or surface, as the 
ground. 26. To proceed from. 27. To have its sources 
in ; as, the stream rises in a pond. 28. To be moved, roused, 
excited, kindled, or inflamed, as passion. 29. To ascend 
in the diatonic scale ; as, to rise an octave. 30. To amount. 
31. To close a session, as a court or assembly. This verb 
_is written also, in most of its senses, arise, which see. 

RISE, n. 1. The act of rising, either in a literal or figurative 
sense ; ascent. 2. The act of springing or mounting from 
the ground. 3. Ascent ; elevation, or degree of ascent. 

4. Spring ; source ; origin ; commencement ; beginning. 

5. Any place elevated above the common level ; as, a rise 
of ground. 6. Appearance above the horizon. 7. In- 
crease ; advance, as in value. 8. Advance in rank, honor, 
property, or fame. 9. Increase of sound on the same 
key ; a swelling of the voice. 10. Elevation or ascent of 
the voice in the diatonic scale. 11. Increase ; augmenta- 
tion. 12. [D. rys ; from the verb.] A bough or branch. 
Chaucer; [obs.] 

RIS'EN, pp. See Rise. 

RlS'ER, n. 1. One who rises ; as, an early riser. — 2. Among 

joiners, the upright board of a stair. — Gwilt. 
RISH, n. A rush. — Cheshire Gloss. 
*RIS-I-BIL'I-TYor.Ri-SI-BIL'I-TY, \n. [from risible.] 

* RIS'I-BLE-NESS or Rl'SI-BLE-NESS, J 1. The quality of 
laughing or of being capable of laughter. 2. Proneness to 
laugh. 

* RIS'I-BLE or Rl'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. risible ; L. risibilis.] 1 

Having the faculty or power of laughing. 2. Capable of 
exciting laughter. The description of Falstaff in Shaks- 
peare exhibits a risible scene. — Risible differs from ludi- 
crous, as species from genus ; ludicrous expressing that 
which is playful and sportive ; risible, that which may ex 
cite laughter. — Risible differs from ridiculous, as the latter 
implies something mean or contemptible, and risible does 
not. — Syn. Laughable ; droll ; ludicrous ; ridiculous. 

* RIS'I-BLY or Rl ; SI-BLY, adv. In a risible manner. 
RlS'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Getting up ; ascending ; mounting ; 

springing ; proceeding from ; advancing ; swelling ; in- 
creasing ; appearing above the horizon ; reviving from 
_death, &c. 2. Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction. 

RlS'ING, n. 1. The act of getting up from any recumbent 
or sitting posture. 2. The act of ascending. 3. The act 
of closing a session, as of a public body. 4. The appear- 
ance of the sun or a star above the horizon. 5. The act 
of reviving from the dead ; resurrection.— Mark, ix. 6. A 
tumor on the body. — Lev., xiii. 7. An assembling in oppo- 
sition to government ; insurrection ; sedition or mutiny. 

RISK, n. [Fr. risque ; Arm. risql ; Port, risco ; It. rischio.] 1 
The state of being exposed to harm, injury, &c. ; as, at the 
risk of one's safety. — 2. In commerce, the chances of loss, 



M See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.—l, £, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD * MoVE, BOOK. 



RIV 



861 



KOB 



either of ship, goods, or other property. Hence, we say 
the insurers take risks at a high or low premium. — To run 
a risk, is to incur hazard ; to encounter danger. — Syn. 
Hazard ; danger ; peril ; jeopardy ; exposure. 
RISK, v, t. 1. To expose to injury or loss, as life or property. 
2. To dare to undertake ; as, to risk an engagement. — 
Syn. To hazard ; peril ; endanger ; jeopard ; venture. 
RISK.ED (riskt), pp. Hazarded ; exposed to injury or loss. 
RISK'ER, n. One who hazards. 

RISKTNG, ppr. Hazarding ; exposing to injury or loss. 
RISSE, obsolete pret. of rise. — Ben Jonson. 
RlTE, n. [Fr. rit, rite ; L. riius ; It, Sp. rito.] The manner 
of performing divine or solemn service as established by 
law, precept, or custom ; formal act of religion, or other 
solemn duty. — Syn. Form ; ceremony ; observance ; ordi- 
nance. 
XI-TOR-NEL'LO, n. [It.] In music, a repeat; the burden 

of a song, or the repetition of a verse or strain. 
*tIT'U-AL, a. [It. rituale.] 1. Pertaining to rites ; consisting 

of rites. 2. Prescribing rites. 
RITtJ-AL, n. A book containing the rites to be observed, or 
the manner of performing Divine service in a particular 
church or communion. 
RITU-AL-ISM, n. 1. The system of rituals or prescribed 
forms of religious worship. 2. Observance of prescribed 
forms in religion. 
RIT'U-AL-IST, n. One skilled in the ritual.— Gregory. 
RIT'U-AL-LY, adv. By rites , or by a particular rite. 
tRIVAGE, n. [Fr.] A bank, shore, or coast. — Spenser. 
Rl'VAL, n. [L. rivalis ; Fr., Sp. rival; It. rivaled] 1. One 
who is in pursuit of the same object as another ; one striv- 
ing to reach or obtain something which another is attempt- 
ing to obtain, and which one only can possess. 2. One 
striving to equal or exceed another in excellence. 3. One 
who competes with another in any pursuit or strife. — 
_Syn. Competitor ; emulator ; antagonist. 
Rl'VAL, a. Having the same pretensions or claims ; stand- 
ing in competition for superiority. — Dryden. 
Rl'VAL, v. t. 1. To stand in competition with ; to strive to 
gain the object which another is contending for. 2. To 
strive to equal or excel ; to emulate, 
t Rl'VAL, v. i. To be competitors. — Shak. 
Rl'VAL_ED, pp. Having another competing with ; emulated. 
Rl'VAL-ING, ppr. Striving to equal or excel ; emulating, 
f Rl-VAL'I-TY, n. Rivalry.— Shak. 

Rl'VAL-RY, n. [from rival.] A striving or effort to obtain 
an object which another is pursuing ; an endeavor to 
equal or surpass another in some excellence. — Syn. Com- 
petition ; emulation ; rivalship ; strife. 
Rl'VAL-SHIP, n. 1. The state or character of a rival. 2. 

_Strife ; contention for superiority ; emulation ; rivalry. 
RlVE, v. t. ; pret. rived ; pp. rived or riven. [Dan. revner, 
river ; Sw. rifva.] To split ; to cleave ; to rend asunder 
by force. — Dryden. 
RlVE, v. i. To be split or rent asunder. — Woodward. 
RlVE, n. A rent or tear. — Brockett. 
t RIVEL, v. t. [Sax. gerifled ; Sw. rifva.] To contract into 

wrinkles ; to shrink. — Dryden. 
RIV'jBL£D, pp. or a. Wrinkled. 

RIVEL-ING, ppr. Shrinking ; contracting into wrinkles. 
RIV'_EN, pp. of rive. Split ; rent or burst asunder. 
Rl'VER, n. One who rives or splits. 

RIVER, n. [Fr. riviere ; Arm. rifyer ; Corn, ryvier ; It. 
riviera ; L. rivus, rivulus ; D. rivier.] 1. A large stream of 
water flowing in a channel on land toward the ocean, a 
lake, or another river. 2. A large stream ; copious flow ; 
abundance. 
RIVER-BED, n. The bed or bottom of a river. 
RIV'ER-CHAN'NEL, n. The channel of a river. 
RIV'ER-CoURSE, n. The course of a river. 
RIV'ER-DEL'TA, n. A delta formed by the current of a 

river. 
RIVER-DRAGON, n. A crocodile ; a name given by Mil- 
ton to the King of Egypt. 
RIVER-GOD, it. A deity supposed to preside over a river, 

as its tutelary divinity ; a naiad.— Lempriere. 
RIVER-HORSE, n. The hippopotamus, an animal inhabit- 
ing rivers. — Milton, 
RIVER-PLaIN, n. A plain by a river. 
RIV'ER-WA-TER, n. The water of a river. 
\ RIVER-ET, n. A small river. 

RIVET, v. t. [It. ribadire ; Port, rebitar.] 1. To fasten with 
a rivet or with rivets. 2. To clinch. 3. To fasten flrmly ; 
to make firm, strong, or immovable. 
RIVET, n. A pin of iron or other metal ; a pin or bolt 

clinched at both ends. 
RIVET-ED, pp. Clinched; made fast. 
RIVET-IN G, ppr. Clinching; fastening firmly. 
RlVING, ppr. Splitting ; burst asunder. 
Rl-VoSE'; a. [L. rivus.] In zoology, marked with furrows 

sinuate and irregular. — Brande. 
RIVU-LET, n. [L. rivulus.] A small stream or brook ; a 
streamlet— Milton. 



t RIX-a'TION, n. [L.rixaUo.] A brawl or quarrel. 

RIX-DOL'LAR, n. [G. rcichsthalcr ; D. ryksdaaldcr ; Sw. 
riksdaler ; Dan. rigsdalcr.] A silver coin of Germany, 
Holland, Denmark, and Sweden, usually valued at from 
4s. to 4s. 8d. sterling, or about the same as the American 
dollar. The rix-dollars now current in Prussia, Saxe 
Gotha, and Poland are valued at 2s. lid. sterling, or about 
70 cents.— M' Cu lloch. 

R5ACH, n. [Sax. reohche, hreoce ; G. rochc ; Dan. rokkc] 1. 
A fish of the carp family, found in fresh water. 2. The 
curve or arch in the foot of some square sails. Brande. — 
As sound as a roach is a phrase supposed to have been 
originally, as sound as a rock, [Fr. roche.] 

R5AD, 7i. [Sax. rad, rade ; G. re-Lie ; D. rets ; Fr. rade ; Sp 
rada ; G., D. recde.] 1. Ground appropriated for travel, 
forming a communication between one city, town, or 
place and another. 2. A place where ships may ride at 
anchor at some distance from the shore ; sometimes call 
ed roadstead, that is, a place for riding, meaning at anchor. 
3. A journey ; [obs.] 4. An inroad ; incursion of an ene- 
my ; [obs.] — On the road, passing ; traveling. Law. — Syn. 
Highway ; street ; lane ; pathway ; way ; route ; passage ; 
course. 

RoAD'-BED, n. The bed or foundation on which the su- 
perstructure of a rail-road rests. — Farnham. 

RoAD'STER, n. 1. Among seamen, a vessel riding at an- 
chor in a road or bay. 2. A horse fitted for traveling. 
— Bell. 

RoAD'STeAD, n. A place where ships may ride at anchor 
at some_distance from the shore. 

RoAD'WIY, n. The part of a road traveled by carriages. 
— Shak. 

RoAM, v. i. To walk or move about from place to place 
without any certain purpose or direction. — Syn. To wan- 
der ; rove ; range ; stroll ; ramble ; stray. 

RoAM, v. t. To range ; to wander over. — Milton. 

RoAMjBD, pp. Ranged ; wandered over. 

RoAM'ER, n. A wanderer ; a rover ; a rambler ; a vagrant 

RoAM'ING, ppr. Wandering ; roving. 

R5AM ING ' I n - The act of wanderin S- 

RoAN, a. [Fr. rouan.] A roan horse is one that is of a bay, 
sorrel, or dark color, with spots of gray or white thickly 
interspersed. 

RoAN'-TREE, n. A tree, the mountain ash. — Lee. 

RoAR, v. i. [Sax. rarian ; W. rhawr.] 1. To cry with a 
full, loud, continued sound ; to bellow, as a beast. 2. To 
cry aloud, as in distress. 3. To cry aloud ; to bawl ; as a 
child. 4. To cause a loud, continued sound. 5. To make 
a loud noise. 

RoAR, n. 1. A full, loud sound of some continuance ; the 
cry of a beast. 2. The loud cry of a child or person in 
distress. 3. Clamor ; outcry of joy or mirth ; as, a roar 
of laughter. 4. The loud, continued sound of the sea in a 
storm, or the howling of a tempest. 5. Any loud sound 
of some continuance. 

RoAR'ER n. 1. One that roars, man or beast. 2. A horse 
quite broken in wind. — Smart. 

RoAR'ING, ppr. or a. Crying like a bull or lion ; uttering a 
deep, loud sound. 

RoAR'ING, n. 1. The cry of a Hon or other beast ; outcry 
of distress — Job, hi. ; loud, continued sound of the billows 
of the sea or of a tempest. Is., v. — 2. In farriery, a dis- 
ease of horses, usually accompanying or preceding broken 
wind. — Farm. Encyc. 

RoAR'ING-LY, adv. In a roaring manner. 

RoAR'Y, a. Dewy : more properly rory. 

RoAST, v. t. [W.rhostiaw; Ir rostam; Arm.rosta; Fr.rudr ; 
It. arrostire ; D. roosten ; G. rbsten ; Sw. rosta.J 1. To cook, 
dress, or prepare meat for the table by exposing it to heat 
as on a spit, in a bake-pan, in an oven, or the like. 2. To 
prepare for food by exposure to heat. 3. To heat to ex- 
cess ; to heat violently. 4. To dry and parch by expo- 
sure to heat. — 5. In metallurgy, to dissipate the volatile 
parts of ore by heat. — 6. In common discourse, to jeer ; to 
banter severely. 

R5AST, n. That which is roasted. 

ROAST, a, [for roasted.] Roasted ; as, roast beef. 

RoAST, n. In the phrase, to rule the roast, i. e., to govern 
the company, this word is a corrupt pronunciation of the 
G. rath, counsel, Dan., D. raad, Sw. rad. 

RoAST'ED, pp. or a. Dressed by exposure to heat on a spit 

RoAST'ER. n. 1. One who roasts meat ; also, a gridiron 
2. A pig for roasting. 

RoAST'ING, ppr. 1. Preparing for the table by exposure to 
heat on a spit ; drying and parching. 2. Bantering with 
severity. 

ROASTING, n. 1. The act of roasting, as meat.— 2. In 
metallurgy, the protracted application of heat, below a 
fusing point, to metallic ores. 3. A severe teasing oi 
bantering. 

ROB, n. [Sp. rob.] The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mix 
ed with honey or sugar to the consistence of a conserve. 



novE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER. Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ROC 



8«2 



ROD 



HOB, v. c. [G rauben; D. roovcn; Sw. roffa; It. rubare; Sp. 
robar; Port, roubar.] 1. In law, to take from the person 
of another feloniously, forcibly, and by putting him in fear. 
9. To seize and carry from any thing by violence and with 
felonious intent. 3. To plunder ; to strip unlawfully. 4. 
To take away by oppression or by violence. 5. To take 
from ; to deprive. — 6. In a loose sense, to steal ; to take 
privately without permission of the owner. 7. To with 
hold what is due. — Mai., iii. 

ROBB.ED (robd), pp. Deprived feloniously and by violence ; 
plundered ; seized and carried away by violence. 

EtOB'BER, n. 1. In law, one who takes goods or money 
from the person of another by force or menaces, and with 
a felonious intent. — 2. In a looser sense, one who takes 
that to which he has no right ; one who steals, plunders, or 
strips by violence and wrong. — Syn. Thief ; depredator ; 
despoiler; plunderer; pillager; ruler; brigand; freeboot- 
er; pirate. 

ROB'BER-Y; n. 1. In law, the forcible and felonious taking 
from the person of another any money or goods, putting 
him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death or 
personal injury. — Robbery differs from theft, as it is a vio- 
lent felonious taking from the person or presence of an- 
other ; whereas theft is a felonious taking of goods pri- 
vately from the person, dwelling, &c, of another. 2. A 
plundering ; a pillaging ; a taking away by violence, 
wrong, or oppression. — Syn. Theft ; depredation ; spolia- 
tion ; despoliation ; despoilment ; plunder ; pillage ; free- 
booting; piracy. 

ROB'BING, ppr. Feloniously taking from the person of an- 
other ; putting him in fear ; stripping ; plundering. 

ROB'BINS, ~tn.pl. [rope and bands.] Short, flat, plaited 

ROPE'-BANDS, > pieces of rope with an eye in one end, 
used in pairs to tie the upper edges of square sails to 
their yards. 

ROBE, n. [Fr. robe; Sp. ropa; Port, roupa; Ir. roba; It. 
roba.] 1 . A kind of gown, or long, loose garment, worn 
over othe^ dress, particularly by persons in elevated sta- 
tions. 2. A splendid female gown or garment. — 2 Sam., 
xiii. 3. An elegant dress ; splendid attire. — 4. In Script- 
ure, the vesture of purity or righteousness, and of happi- 
ness. — Job, xxix. 

ROBE, v. t. 1. To put on a robe ; or to dress with magnifi- 
cence ; to array. — Pope. 2. To dress ; to invest, as with 
beauty or elegance. 

ROBED, pp. Dressed with a robe ; arrayed with elegance. 

ROB'ERDS-MAN, \ n. In the old statutes of England, a bold, 

ROB'ERTS-MAN, 5 stout robber or night thief, said to be 
so called from Robinhood, a famous robber. 

ROB'ERT or HERB-ROB'ERT, n. An annual plant of the 
genus geranium. 

ROB'ERT-INE, n. One of an order of monks, so called 
from Robert Flower, the founder, A.D. 1187. 

ROB'IN, n. [L. rubecula.] A bird with a reddish breast.— In 
England, the robin or redbreast is the erythaca (motacilla, 
Linn.) rubecula, a bird allied to the nightingale. — In Amer- 
ica, a species of thrush, turdus migratorius, is commonly 
called robin. — Jar dine. — Nuttall. 

ROB'IN-GOOD'FEL-LOW, n. A celebrated fairy, also call- 
ed Puck. See Puck. 

ROB'ING, ppr. Dressing with a robe ; arraying with ele- 
gance. 

ROB'O-RANT, a. [L. roborans, roboro.] Strengthening. 

ROB'O-RANT, n. A medicine that strengthens ; but tonic is 
generally used. 

ROB-O-Ra'TION, n. [L. roboro.] A strengthening. [Rare.] 

RO-BO'RE-OUS, n. [L. roboreus.] Made of oak. 

ROBUST, a. [L. robustus.] 1. Possessing great strength 
and vigor ; as, a robust body ; a robust mind ; robust 
health. 2. Violent ; rough ; rude ; boisterous ; as, robust 
gallantry. — Thomson. 3. Requiring strength ; as, robust 
employment. Locke. — Syn. Strong ; lusty ; sinewy ; stur- 
dy ; muscular ; hale ; hearty ; vigorous ; forceful ; sound. 

RO-BUST'IOUS (ro-busfyus), a. 1. Robust; strong; sin- 
ewy ; vigorous ; forceful. — Milton. 2. Boisterous ; vio- 
lent; rude. Shah. — Robustious, and its derivatives Ro- 
bustiously and robustiousness, are now used only in low 
language. 

RO-BUST'LY, adv. With great strength ; muscularly. 

RO-BUSTNESS, n. Strength ; vigor, or the condition of 
the body when it has full, firm flesh and sound health. 

ROC, \n. The well-known monstrous bird of Arabian 

ROCK, S mythology. 

RO€AM-BOLE, ~t n. A sort of wild garlic, growing natural- 
ROKAM-BOLE, 5 ly in Crete. Another species, wild roc- 
ambole, grows in Denmark, &c. 
ROC-CEL'LIC ACID, n. An acid obtained from archil 

weed, roccella tinctoria. — Heeren. 
ROCHE'-AL-UM (roch'-al-um), n. [Fr. roche.] Rock-alum, 

a purer kind of alum. — Mortimer. 
ROCHELLE' SALT (ro-shel' sawlt). Tartrate of potassa 

and soda. 
ROCHET, n. [Fr. rochet; It. roccetto, rocchetto.] A linen 



garment resembling the surplice, worn by bishops Ournii.* 
the Middle Ages.— Hook. 

ROCH'ET, n. A fish, the roach, which see. 

RO€K, n. [Fr. roc or roche ; It. rocca ; Sp. roca ; Port, roca, 
rocha.] 1. A large mass of stony matter, usually com 
pounded of two or more simple minerals, either bedded 
in the earth or resting on its surface. — 2. In Scripture, fig- 
uratively, defense ; means of safety ; protection ; strength ; 
asylum. 3. Firmness ; a firm or immovable foundation. 
— Ps. xxvii. 4. A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales. Set 
Roc. 

ROCK, n. [Dan. rok ; Sw. rock ; D. rokken ; G. rocken ; It, 
rocca.] A distaff used in spinning ; the staff or frame 
about which flax is arranged, from which the thread is 
drawn in spinning. 

ROCK, v. t. [Dan. rokker ; G. rucken; Old Fr. rocquer ox 
roquer.] 1. To move backward and forward, as a body 
resting on a foundation. It differs from shake, as denoting 
a slower and more uniform motion, or larger movements. 
It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion 
of something suspended. 2. To move backward and for 
ward in a cradle, chair, &c. 3. To lull to quiet. 

R.OCK, v. i. To be moved backward and forward ; to reel. 

RO€K'-AL-UM, n. The purest land of Alum. ' See Roche- 
alum. 

RO€K'-Ba-S7N (-ba-sn), n. A cavity or artificial basin cut 
in a rock for the purpose, as is supposed, of collecting the 
dew or rain for ablutions and purifications prescribed by 
the Druidical religion. — Grosier. 

ROCK-BOUND, a. Hemmed in by rocks. 

ROCK'-BUT-TER, n. A supposed subsulphite of alumina. 

RO€K'-€ORK, n. A variety of asbestus, resembling cork 
in its texture. — Dana. 

ROCK-CRESS, n. A plant, also called wall-cress. 

ROCK-CROWNED, a. Crowned with rocks. 

ROCK-CRYSTAL, n. The name given to pure crystals ol 
quartz ; limpid quartz. 

ROCK-DOE, n. A species of deer. — Grew. 

ROCK-FISH, n. A salt-water fish, a species of goby. 

ROCK'-OIL, n. Another name for petroleum. 

ROCK'-PIO-EON, n. A species of pigeon found in Europe, 
Asia, and Africa, inhabiting rocks and caves, and consider- 
ed to be the original of the domestic pigeons. — Jardine. 

ROCK'-PLANT, n. A plant distinguished by growing on or 
among naked rocks. — P. Cyc. 

ROCK'-RIBBED. a. Inclosed or ribbed in by rocks. 

ROCK-ROOFED (-rooft), a. Having a roof of rock. 

ROCK'-RoSE, n. A plant of the genus cistus or heliantlie 
mum. 

ROCK'-Ru-BY, n. A fine red variety of garnet. 

ROCK-SALT, n. Mineral salt or chlorid of sodium ; salt 
dug from the earth. The name is often popularly given 
in America to salt in large crystals produced from evapo- 
ration. 

ROCK'-WOOD, n. Ligniform asbestus. — Cyc. 

ROCK'-WORK (-wurk), n. 1. Stones fixed in mortar in 
imitation of the asperities of rocks, forming a wall. — 2. In 
gardening, a pile of stones or rocks, as a nidus, for grow- 
ing plants adapted for such a situation. — P. Cyc. 

ROCKED (rokt), pp. [from rock, the verb.] Moved one 
way and the other. 

ROCKER, n. One who rocks the cradle ; also, the curving 
piece of wood on which a cradle or chair rocks. 

ROCK'ET, n. [Dan. raket, rakette ; G. rackete.] An artificial 
fire-work, consisting of a cylindrical case of paper, filled 
with a composition of combustible ingredients, as nitre, 
charcoal, and. sulphur. This being tied to a stick and 
fired, the case and stick are projected through the air by 
a force arising from the combustion.— P. Cyc. 

ROCK'ET, n. [L. eruca.] A popular name of some species 
of brassica, or, rather, eruca. Also, of some species of 
hesperis. 

ROCK'I-NESS, n. [from rocky.] State of abounding with 
rocks. 

ROCKING, ppr. or a. Moving backward and forward. 

ROCKING CHaIR, n. A chair mounted on rockers. 

ROCKING STONE, n. A stone, often of great size and 
weight, resting upon another stone, and so exactly poised 
on some edge or corner, that it can be rocked or slightly 
moved with but little force ; a logan.— Journ. of Science. 

ROCK'LESS, a. Being without rocks.— Dryden. 

ROCKY, a. 1. Full of rocks. 2. Resembling a rock.— Mil- 
ton. 3. Very hard ; stony ; obdurate ; unsusceptible of 
impression. 

RO'COA, n. [A corruption of Urucu.] A colored pulpy sub- 
stance within the legume and surrounding the seeds of 
the bixa orellana. In its purified state it is called anotta. 

ROD, n. [Sax. rod; Dan. rode; D. roede.] 1. The shoot csr 
long twig of any woody plant ; a branch, or the stem oi a 
shrub. 2. An instrument of punishment or correction ; 
chastisement. 3. Discipline; ecclesiastical censures.— 1 
Cor., iv. 4. A kind of sceptre. 5. A pole for angling , 
something long and slender.— Gay. 6. An instrument foi 



See Synopsis. A, ft I, &c, long.— a, e, I. &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



ROL 



86.3 



RUM 



measuring ; but more generally, a measure of length con- 
taining five yards and a half, or sixteen feet and a half; a 
pole ; a perch. — 7. In Scripture, a staff or wand. — 1 Sam., 
xiv. 8. Support. — Ps. xxiii. 9. A shepherd's crook. — 
Lev., xxvii. 10. An instrument for threshing. — Is., xxviii. 
11. Power; authority. — Ps. cxxv. 12. A tribe or race. 
Ps. lxxiv. — Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ. — 
Rev., xix. 

RoDE, pret. of ride; also, a cross. See Rood. 

Ro'DENT, a. [L. rodo.] Gnawing. [A term applied to the 
rodentia, which see.] 

Ro'DENT, n. An animal that gnaws, as a rat. See Roden- 
tia. 

RO-DENTIA, n. pi. [L. rodo.] Gnawers ; an order of quad- 
rupeds, having two large incisor teeth in each jaw, separ- 
ated from the molar teeth by an empty space ; including 
rats and mice, squirrels, beavers, &c. 

ROD'O-MONT, n. [Fr. rodomont ; It. rodomonte.] A vain 
boaster.— Herbert. 

ROD'O-MONT, a. Bragging ; vainly boasting. 

ROD-O-MONT-aDE', n. [Fr. rodomontade ; It. rodomontata.] 
Vain boastingj empty bluster or vaunting ; rant. — Dryden. 

ROD-O-MONT-aDE', v. i. To boast ; to brag ; to bluster ; 
to rant. 

ROD-O-MONT-aD'IST, )n. A blustering boaster ; one who 

ROD-O-MONT-aD'OR, 5 brags or vaunts. 

RoE, ? n. [Sax. ra or raa, rczge or hr<zge ; Ger. rch 

RoE'BUCK, J and rehbock; Dan. raa or raabuk ; Sw. ra- 
bock.] 1. A species of deer, the capreolus dorcas, with 
erect, cylindrical, branched horns, forked at the summit. 
It is small, active, and inhabits mountainous districts. — 2. 
Roe, the female of the hart. 

RoE, n. [Ger. rogen.] The seed or spawn of fishes. 

RoE'-SToNE, n. Called, also, oolite, which see. 

RO-Ga'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. rogatio.] 1. Litany ; supplica- 
tion. — 2. In Roman jurisprudence, the demand by the con- 
suls or tribunes, of a lav/ to be passed by the people. 

RO-Ga'TION-WEEK, n. The second week before Whit- 
sunday, thus called from the three fasts observed therein, 
viz., on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called roga- 
tion-days, because of the extraordinary prayers then made 
for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for the de- 
votion of the Holy Thursday. — P. Cyc. — Hook. 

RoGUE (rog), n. [Sax. earg, arg ; D., Ger., Sw., Dan. arg.] 

1. In law, "a vagrant ; a sturdy beggar ; a vagabond. 2. A 
knave ; a dishonest person; [applied to males.] 3. A name 
of slight tenderness and endearment. 4. A wag. 

RoGUE (rog), v. i. 1. To wander ; to play the vagabond. — 
Spenser ; [little used.] 2. To play knavish tricks. — John- 
son ; [little used.] 

RoGUE'S'-YaRN, n. A yarn of different twist and color 
from the rest, and inserted in the cordage of the British 
navy, to identify it if stolen. — Buchanan. 

RoGU'ER-Y, n. 1. The fife of a vagrant.— Donne ; [rare.] 

2. Knavish tricks ; cheating ; fraud ; dishonest practices. 
— Dryden. 3. Waggery ; arch tricks ; mischievousness. 

RoGUE'SHIP, n. The qualities or personage of a rogue. 
RoGU'ISH (rog'ish), a. 1. Vagrant; vagabond; [nearly obs.] 
2. Knavish ; fraudulent ; dishonest.^ Swift. 3. Waggish ; 
wanton ; slightly mischievous. — Addison. 
RoGU'ISH-LY, adv. Like a rogue ; knavishly ; wantonly. 

RoGU'ISH-NESS, n. 1. The qualities of a rogue ; knavery ; 
mischievousness. 2. Archness ; sly cunning. 

RoGU'Y (rog'y), a. Knavish; wanton. — D Estrange. 

ROIL, v. t. [this is the Arm. brella; Fr. brouiller, embrouil- 
kr ; It. brogliare, imbrogliare ; Sp. embrollar ; Port, embrul- 
har.] 1. To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or 
sediment 2. To excite some degree of anger ; to disturb 
the passion of resentment. [ These senses are in common 
use in New England, and are local in England.] 3. To 
perplex ; [local in England.] 

ROILjED, pp. Rendered turbid or foul by disturbing the 
lees or sediment ; angered slightly ; disturbed in mind by 
an offense. 

ROILING, ppr. Rendering turbid ; or exciting the passion 
of anger. 

ROILY, a. Turbid. \A colloquial word in New England.] 

\ ROIN, 7i. [Fr. rogne.] A scab ; a scurf.— Chaucer. 

ROINT. See Ahoynt. 

\ ROIST, I v. i. [Arm. reustla.] To bluster ; to swa^er • 

[ROISTER, 5 to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting; or 
turbulent. — Shak. 

\ ROIST'ER-ER s 71 ' ^ D0 ^> blustering, turbulent fellow. 

ROIST'ER-LY, a. Blustering ; violent. 

ROIST'ER-LY, adv. In a bullying, violent manner. [Rare.] 

RoKE, ) 

ROOK, \ n. Mist ; smoke ; damp. [North of England.] 

ROAK, > 

t RoK'Y, a. Misty ; fbgsy ; cloudy. — Ray. See Reek. 

ROLL, v. t. [D., G. rotten ; Sw. rulla ; Dan. ruller ; W. rhol- 
raw; Fr. rouler.] 1. To move by turning on the surface, 
or with a circular motion, in which all parts of tbe sur- 



face are successively applied to a plane. 2. To i evolve ; 
to turn on its axis. 3. To move in a circular direction. 
4. To wrap round on itself; to form into a circular or 
cylindrical body. 5. To inwrap ; to bind or involve in a 
bandage or the like. G. To form by rolling into round 
masses. 7. To drive or impel any body with a circular 
motion, or to drive forward with violence or in a stream 
8. To spread with a roller or rolling-pin. 9. To produce 
a periodical revolution. 10. To press or level with a 
roller. — To roll one's self, to wallow. — Mic, i. 

RoLL, v. i. 1. To move by turning on the surface, or with 
the successive application of all parts of the surface to a 
plane. 2. To move, turn, or run on an axis, as a wheel. 
3. To run on wheels. 4. To revolve ; to perform a peri- 
odical revolution. 5. To turn ; to move circularly. 6. To 
float in rough water ; to be tossed about. 7. To move, as 
v/aves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions. 
8. To fluctuate ; to move tumultously. 9. To be moved 
with violence; to be hurled. 10. To be formed into a 
cylinder or ball. 11. To spread under a roller or rolling- 
pin. 12. To wallow ; to tumble. 13. To rock or move 
from side to side. 14. To beat a drum with strokes so 
rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear. 

RoLL, n. 1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled. 

2. The thing rolling. 3. A mass made round ; something 
like a ball or cylinder. 4. A roller ; a cylinder of wood, 
iron, or stone. 5. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylin- 
diical form. 6. A cylindrical twist of tobacco. 7. An of- 
ficial writing ; a list ; a register ; a catalogue. 8. The uni- 
form beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely 
to be distinguished by the ear. — 9. Rolls of court, of par- 
liament, or of any public body, are the parchments on 
which are engrossed, by the proper officer, the acts and 
proceedings of that body, and which, being kept in rolls, 
constitute the records of such public body. — 10. In antiq- 
uity, a volume ; a book consisting of leaf, bark, paper, skin, 
or other material on which the ancients wrote, and which 
being kept rolled or folded, was called in Latin volumtn 
from volvo, to roll. 11. A chronicle ; ' history ; annals 
12. Part ; office ; that is, round of duty, like turn ; [obs.] 

R.OLL.ED, pp. or a. Moved by turning ; formed into a 
round or cylindrical body ; leveled with a roller, as land. 

RoLL'ER, n. 1. That which rolls ; that which turns on its 
own axis ; particularly, a cylinder of wood, stone, or 
metal, used in husbandry and the arts. 2. A bandage ; 
fillet ; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery 

3. An insessorial or perching bird, of beautiful plumage 
found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. 

RoLL'ERS, n. pi. Heavy waves that set in upon a coas; 
without wind. 

ROL'LICK, v. i. To move in a careless, swaggering man- 
ner, with a frolicsome air. — Smart. [Colloquial.] 

ROL'LICK-ING, ppr. or a. Moving in a careless or swag 
gering manner ; frolicsome. 

ROLLING, ppr. Turning over; revolving; forming into a 
cylinder or round mass; leveling, as land. 2. a. Undu 
lating; having a regular succession of gentle elevations 
and depressions ; as, a rolling prairie. [ Western States.] 

RoLL'ING, n. 1. The turning round of a body upon some 
surface. 2. The motion of a ship from side to side. 

R,oLL'ING-PIN, n. A round piece of wood, tapering u 
each end, with which paste is molded and reduced to j. 
proper thickness. 

R.OLLTNG-PRESS, n An engine consisting of two cylin- 
ders, by which cloth is calendered, waved, and tabbied ; 
also, an engine for taking impressions from copper plates ; 
also, a like engine for drawing plates of metal, &c. 

RoLLT-POOL-Y, n. [said to be from roll and pool, or roll, 
ball, and pool.] A game, in which a ball, rolling into a 
certain place, wins. 

R6MAGE (rum'maj), n. Bustle; tumultuous search. See 
Rubimage. 

R.O-Ma'1-C, a. or n. A term applied to the modern Greek 
language. 

R.O-MAL' (ro-mawl'), n. A species of silk handkerchief. 

Ro'MAN, a. [L. Romanus, from Roma.] 1. Pertaining to 
Rome, or to the Roman people. 2. Pertaining to or pos 
sessing the Roman Catholic religion. — Roman order, in 
architecture, the composite order. See Composite. 

Ro'MAN, n. 1. A native of Rome. 2. A citizen of Rome , 
one enjoying the privileges of a Roman citizen. 3. One 
of the Christian Church at Rome, to which Paul addressed 
an epistle. 

Ro'MAN CATH'O-LIC, as an adjective, denoting the religion 
professed by the people of Rome and of Italy, at the head 
of which is the pope or bishop of Rome ; as a noun, ont* 
who adheres to fl?« '••eligion. 

Ro'MAN CEM'ENT, a. An excellent water cement, for 
building purposes.— Buchanan. 

* RO-MANCE' (ro-mans'), n. [Fr. roman ; It. romanzo ; Sp 
romance] 1. A fabulous relation or story of adventure-- 
and incidents, designed for the entertainment of readers 
a narrative of extraordinary adventures, fictitious and 



DOVE -—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € asK; G as J ; 



Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this, t Ohsohic. 



ROO 



bt»4 



ROO 



often extravagant, usually a tale of love or war, subjects 
interesting the sensibilities of the heart, or the passions of 
wonder and curiosity. — Romance differs from the novel, as 
it treats of actions and adventures of an unusual or won- 
derful character, or soars beyond the limits of fact and 
real life, and often of probability. 2. A falsehood or un- 
truth. Prior. — Svn. Fable ; novel ; fiction ; tale. 
*RO-MANCE' (re-mans 7 ), v. i. To forge and tell fictitious 

stories ; to deal in extravagant stories. — Richardson. 
ROMANCE', a. or n. A term denoting the dialect formerly 
prevalent in some of the southern districts of France, 
which sprung directly from the Roman or Latin language. 
RO-MAN'CER, n. 1. One who invents fictitious stories. 
2. A writer of romance. 
* RO-MAN'CING, ppr. Inventing and telling fictitious tales ; 

building castles in the air. 
RO-MAN'C Y, a. Romantic. [Not propei | 

RO-MAN-ESQ.UE' (ro-man-esk'), a. or n. A term applied, 
in painting, to that which appertains to romance, or, 
rather, to fable, as connected with objects of fancy ; in 
architecture, to the debased styles subsequent to and imi- 
tative of the Roman ; in literature, to the common dialect 
in some of the southern districts of France, the remains 
of the old Romance language. — Brande. — Gloss, of Ar chit. 

Ro'MAN-ISM, n. The tenets of the Church of Rome. 

Ro'MAN-IST, n. An adherent to the Roman Catholic relig- 
ion ; a Roman Catholic. — Brande. 

Ro'MAN-lZE, v. t. 1. To Latinize ; to fill with Latin words 
or modes of speech. 2. To convert to the Roman Catho- 
lic religion or opinions. 

Ro'MAN-lZE, v. i. To conform to Roman Catholic opin- 
ions, customs, or modes of speech. 

Ro'MAN-lZ.ED, pp. or a. Latinized; conformed to the 
RomanCatholic faith. 

Ro'MAN-iZ-ING, ppr. Latinizing; conforming to the Ro- 
man Catholic faith. 

RO-MANSH', n. The language of the Grisons in Switzer- 
land, a corruption of the Latin. 

RO-MAN'TIC, a. 1. Pertaining to romance, or resembling 
it; wild; fanciful; extravagant. 2. Improbable or chi- 
merical ; fictitious. 3. Fanciful ; wild ; full of wild or 
fantastic scenery. 

RO-MAN'TI€-AL-LY, adv. Wildly ; extravagantly. 

RO-MAN'TI-CISM, n. The state of being romantic or fan- 
tastic ; applied chiefly to the unnatural productions of the 
modern French school of novelists. — Brande. 

RO-MANTIC-NESS, n. 1. Wildness ; extravagance ; fan- 
cifulness. 2. Wildness of scenery. 

RO-MAN'ZO-VlTE, n. [from Count Romanzoff.] A variety 
of garnet. 

Ro'ME-INE, n. [from the mineralogist Rome de L'Isle.] A 
mineral consisting of antimonious acid and lime. 

RoME'PEN-NY, ? n. [Rome, and Sax. pennig, or sccat.] A 

RoME'SCOT, > tax of a penny on a house, formerly 
paid by the people of England to the Church of Rome. 
See Peterpence. 

RoM'ISH, a Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the relig- 
ion professed by the people of Rome ; Roman Catholic. 

RoM'IST, n. A Roman Catholic— South. 

ROMP, n. [a different spelling of ramp ; W. rham.] 1. A 
rude girl who indulges in boisterous play. — Addison. 2. 
Rude play or frolic. — Thomson. 

ROMP, v. i. To play rudely and boisterously ; to leap and 
frisk about in play. — Richardson. 

ROMPING, ppr. Playing rudely ; as a noun, rude, boister- 
ous play. 

ROMP'ISH, a. Given to rude play ; inclined to romp. 

ROMP'ISH-LY, adv. In a rude or boisterous manner. 

ROMP'ISH-NESS, n. Disposition to rude, boisterous play ; 
or the practice of romping. — Steele. 

ROM'PU, } n. [L. rumpo.] In heraldry, an ordinary that 

ROM-PEE', > is broken, or a chevron, a bend, or the like, 
whose upper points are cut off. 

RON-DEAU' (ron-do'), ? n. [Fr. rondeau.] 1. A kind of po- 

RON'DO, 5 etry, commonly consisting of thir- 

teen verses, of which eight have one rhyme and five an- 
other. Warton. — 2. In music, the rondo, vocal or instru- 
mental, generally consists of three strains, in which, after 
finishing the second strain, the first is repeated, and again 
after the third, &c, always returning to and concluding 
with the first. — Rousseau. 

RON'DEL, n. In fortification, a small round tower, erected 
at the foot of a bastion. — Brande. 

f RON'DLE, n. [from round.] A round mass. — Peacham. 

RON'DO, n. See Rondeau. 

f RON'DURE, n. [Fr. rondeur.] A round ; a circle.— Shak. 

t RONG, the old pret. and pp. of ring, now rung. — Chaucer. 

t R6N10N (run'yun), n. [Fr. rognon.] A fat, bulky woman. 

R6NT (runt), n. An animal stinted in growth. See Runt. 

ROOD, n. [a different orthography of rod.] 1. The fourth 
part of an acre, or forty square rods. 2. A pole ; a meas- 
ure of 5£ yards ; a rod or perch ; [not used in America.] 

ROOD, n. [Sax. rode or rod.] A cross or crucifix ; a name 



formerly given to the figure of Christ cm the cross, erected 
in Roman Catholic churches. 
ROOD'-LOFT, n. A loft or gallery in a church, on which 
the rood and its appendages were set up to view. — Gwilt 
ROOD'Y, a. Coarse ; luxuriant. [Craven dialect.] 
ROOF, n. [Sax. rof, hrofi] 1. The cover or upper part of a 
house or other building. 2. A vault ; an arch ; or the in- 
terior of a vault. 3. The vault of the mouth ; the upper 
part of the mouth ; the palate. 
ROOF, v. t. 1. To cover with a roof. 2. To inclose in a 

house ; to shelter. 
ROOFjBD (rooft), pp. Furnished or covered with a rool 
or arch. 

ROOF'ING, ppr. Covering with a roof. 

ROOF'ING, n. 1. The act of covering with a roof. 2. The 
materials of which a roof is composed ; or materials for 
a roof. — Gwilt. 

ROOF'LESS, a. [Sax. roflease.] 1. Having no roof. 2. Hav- 
ing no house or home ; unsheltered. 

ROOF'Y, a. Having roofs.— Dryden. 

ROOK, n. [Sax. hroc ; Ger. roche; Dan. roge.] 1. A bird 
resembling the common crow, but having the base of the 
bill bare of feathers. It is gregarious, and lives chiefly on 
insects and grain. 2. A cheat ; a trickish, rapacious fellow. 

ROOK, n. [It. rocco.] In chess, a name given to the four 
pieces placed on the corner squares of the board; also 
called castles. 

ROOK, v. i. To cheat ; to defraud. — Locke. 

ROOK, v. t. To cheat; to defraud by cheating.— Aubrey. 

ROOK, v. i. To squat. See Ruck. 

ROOKED (rookt), pp. Cheated; defrauded. 

ROOK'ER-Y, n. 1. A place where rooks congregate and 
build their nests, as a wood, &c. Pope. — 2. In low lan- 
guage, a brothel. 

ROOKING, ppr. Cheating. 

ROOKY, a. Inhabited by rooks ; as, the rooky wood. 

ROOM, n. [Sax., Dan., Sw. rum ; D. ruim ; Ger. raum.] L 
Extent of place, great or small. 2. Place unoccupied ; as, 
there is room for one. 3. Place for reception or admis- 
sion of any thing. 4. Place of another ; stead ; as in suc- 
cession or substitution ; as, one person or thing in the 
room of another. 5. Unoccupied opportunity. 6. An 
apartment in a house ; any division separated from the 
rest by a partition. 7. A seat. Luke, xiv.—To make room, 
to open a way or passage ; to free from obstructions ; to 
open a space or place for any thing. — To give room, to 
withdraw ; to leave space unoccupied for others to pass 
or to be seated. — Syn. Space ; compass ; scope ; latitude. 

ROOM, v. i. To occupy an apartment ; to lodge. 

t ROOM'AGE, n. [from room.] Space; place. — Wotton. 

ROOM'FUL, a. Abounding with rooms.— Donne. 

ROOM'I-LY, adv. Spaciously. 

ROOM'I-NESS, n. Space; spaciousness; large extent ot 
space. 

ROOMTH, ) n. and a. Space ; spacious. [Ill-formed 

ROOMTH'Y, > words, and not used in the United States.] 

ROOM'Y, a. Having ample room. — Syn. Spacious ; capa- 
cious ; wide ; large. 

ROOP, n. Hoarseness. [Little used.] 

ROOP'Y, a. Hoarse. [Craven dialect.] 

ROOST, n. [Sax. hrost; D. roest.] 1. The pole or other 
support on which birds rest at night. — Dryden. 2. A col- 
lection of fowls resting together.— At roost, in a state for 
rest and sleep. 

ROOST, v. i. 1. To sit, rest, or sleep, as birds on a pole, 
tree, or other thing at night. 2. To lodge ; [in burlesque.} 

ROOSTER, n. [the head or chief of the roost.] A cock ; 
the male domestic fowl. [Am.]— Roost cock is provincial 
in England. — Halliwell. 

ROOSTING, ppr. Sitting for rest and sleep at night. 

ROOT, n. [Dan. rod ; Sw. rot; L. radix.] 1. That part of a 
plant which enters and fixes itself in the earth, and serves 
to support the plant in an erect position, while, by means 
of its radicles, it imbibes nutriment for the stem, branches, 
and fruit. 2. The part of any thing that resembles the 
roots of a plant in manner of growth. 3. The bottom or 
lower part of any thing. 4. A plant whose root is escu 
lent, or the most useful part ; as beets, carrots, &c. 5 
The original or cause of any thing. 6. The first ancestor. 
Locke.— 7. In arithmetic and algebra, the root of any quan- 
tity is such a quantity as, when multiplied into itself a 
certain number of times, will exactly produce that quan- 
tity. 8. Means of growth.— 9. In music, the fundamental 
note of any chord.— Root of bitterness, in Scripture, any er- 
ror, sin, or evil that produces discord or immorality.— lo 
take root, to become planted or fixed ; or to be established. 
—To take deep root, to be firmly planted or established ; 
to be deeply impressed. 

ROOT, v. i. 1. To fix the root ; to enter the earth, as roots. 
2. To be firmly fixed ; to be established. 3. To sink deep 

ROOT, v. t. 1. To plant and fix deep in the earth ; used 
chiefly in the participle. 2. To plant deeply ; to impress 
deeply and durably. 



' See Synopsis. %,%% &c, long.— X, e T. &c„ short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mfi VE, BOOK. 



i 



ROS 



8G5 



ROS 



ROOT, v.J. or t. [Sax. wrot, wrotan ; D. wroeten ; G. rtnten ; 
Dan. ro'der; Sw. rota.} To turn up the earth with the 
snout, as swine. — To root up or out, to eradicate ; to ex- 
tirpate ; to remove or destroy root and branch ; to ex- 
terminate. 

ROOT-BOUND, a. Fixed to the earth by roots.— Milton. 

ROOT'-BUlLT (-bilt), a. Built of roots.— Skenslone. 

ROOT-E AT-ER, n. An animal that feeds on roots.— Kirby. 

ROOT-HOUSE, n. 1. A house made of roots.— Dodsley. 
2. A house for keeping roots. 

ROOT-LEAF, n. A leaf growing immediately from the 
root. — Martyn. 

ROOT'-STOCK. n. In botany, a prostrate rooting stock 
yearly producing young branches ; the rhizoma. — Lindley. 

ROOTED, pp. or a. Having its roots planted or fixed in 
the earth : hence, fixed ; deep ; radical. 

ROOTED-LY, adv. Deeply ; from the heart.— Shah 

ROOTED-NESS, n. The state or condition of being rooted. 

ROOTEPl, n. One who roots ; or one who tears up by tbe 
roots. 

ROOTING, ppr. Striking or taking root ; turning up with 
the snout. 

ROOT'LET, 7i. A radicle ; a little root. 

ROOT'Y, a. Full of roots ; as, rooty ground. — Adams. 

RO-PAL'I€, a. [Gr. porraXov, a club.] Club-formed ; increas- 
ing or swelling toward the end. 

RoPE, n. [Sax. rap ; Sw. rep ; Dan. reeb ; W. rkaf; Ir. ropa, 
roibin.] 1. A large string or line composed of several 
strands twisted together. 2. A row or string consisting 
of a number of things united. — 3. Ropes, [Sax. roppas,} the 
intestines of birds. — Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble union 
or tie ; a band easily broken. 

RoPE. v. i. To draw out or extend into a filament or thread, 
by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality. 

ttoPE'-BAND. See Robbin. 

RoPE'-DaN-CER, n. [rope and dancer.] One who walks on 
a rope extended through the air. — Addison. 

RoPE'-LAD-DER n. Aladder made of ropes. 

RoPE'-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
ropes or cordage. 

RoPE'-MaK-ING, n. The art or business of manufacturing 
ropes or cordage. 

RoPE'-TRICK, n. A trick that deserves the halter.— 
Shah. 

RoPE'-WALK, n. A long covered walk, or a long building 
over smooth ground, where ropes are manufactured. 

RoPE'-YaR-N, n. Yarn for ropes, consisting of a single 
thread. 

RoP'ER-Y, n. LA place where rope3 are made. 2. A trick 
that deserves the halter.— Shak. 

RoP'I-NESS, n. Stringiness, or aptness to draw out in a 
string or thread without breaking, as of glutinous substan- 
ces ; viscosity ; adhesiveness. 

RoPT, a. Stringy ; adhesive ; that may be drawn into a 
thread ; viscous ; tenacious ; glutinous. 

* ROQ'UE-LAUR (rok'e-lor), n. [from Fr. ; Dan. rokkelor.] A 
cloak for men. — Gay. 

RoTcAL, a. [L. roralis.] Pertaining to dew, or consisting 
of dew; dewy. — Green. 

r RO-Ra'TION, n. [L. roratio.] A falling of dew.— Did. • 

Ro'RID, a. [L. roridus.] Dewy. — Granger. 

RO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ros and fcro.] Generating or pro- 
ducing; dew.— Diet. 

f RO-RIF'LU-ENT, a. [L. ros an&ftuo.] Flowing with dew. 
— Diet. 

ROR'QUAL, n. [Norwegian rorqualus, a whale with folds.] 
The English name of whales of the genus rorqualus, one 
of which, called the great northern rorqual, is the largest 
of the whale tribe. — Jardinc's Nat. Lib. 

RO-Sa'CEOUS (-shus), a. [L. rosaceus.] Rose-like; com- 
posed of several petals, arranged in a circular form. 

RO-SACTC (-zas'ik), a. The rosacic acid was obtained from 
the lateritious sediment of the urine in certain fevers. 

Ro'SA-RY, n. [L. rosarium.] 1. A bed of roses, or place 
where rose3 grow. — 2. In the Roman Catholic Church, a 
series of prayers and a string of beads by which they are 
counted. A rosary consists of 15 decades. Each decade 
contains ten Ave Marias marked by small beads, preceded 
by a Pater Noster, marked by a larger bead, and concluded 
by a Gloria Patri. Five decades make a cliaplet, which is 
a third part of the rosary. — Bp. Fitzpatrick. 

\ ROS'CID, a. [L. roscidus.] Dewy ; containing dew, or con- 
sisting of dew. — Bacon. 
R.5SE, 7i. [Fr. rose ; L., It., Sp. rosa ; G., Dan. rose.] 1. A 
plant and flower of the genus rosa, of many species and 
varieties. 2. A knot of ribbon in the form of a rose, used 
as an ornamental tie of a shoe. — 3. In architecture, see Ro- 
sette. — In English history, in the feuds between the 
houses of York and Lancaster, the white rose was the 
badge of the former, and the red rose of the latter.— Under 
the rose (sub rosa), in secret ; privately ; in a manner that 
forbids disclosure, the rose being among the ancients the 
symbol of secrecy, and hung up at entertainments, as a 



DOVE ,— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as 

T T I 



token that nothing there said was to be divulged Booth 
—Rose of Jericho, a plant growing on the plain of Jiricho 

RoSE, prel. of rise. 

RoSE'-BaY, n. A plant, the nerium oleander; also, a rhod 
odendron. 

RoSE'-BUG, \ n. A species of diurnal beetle which 

RoSE'-CHaF ER, ) feeds on the blossoms of the rose, 
and on various other plants. — Farm. Encyc. 

RoSE'-€0L-OR£D (-kul-lurd), )a. Having the color of a 

RoSE'-Hu£D (-hude). 5 rose. 

RoSE'-Dl-A-MOND, n. A diamond nearly hemispl ericul, 
cut into 24 triangular planes. 

RoSE'-FaCED (-faste), a. Having a rosy or red face. 

RoSE'-GALL, n. An excrescence on the dog-rose. 

RoSE'-MAL-LoW, n. A plant, commonly called hollyhock. 

RoSE'-No-BLE, n. An ancient English gold coin, stamped 
with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Ed- 
ward III., and current at 6s. 8d. — Brande. — P. Cyc. 

RoSE'-QUARTZ, n. A rose-red variety of quartz. 

RoSE'-ROOT, ?2. A plant of the genus rhodiola. 

RoSE'-WA-TER, n. Water tinctured with roses by distil- 
lation. — Encyc. 

RoSE'-WLN-DoW, to. In architecture, a circular window, 
with compartments branching from a center. — Gloss, of 
Architecture. 

RoSE'-WOOD, n. The wood of a tree growing in Brazil 
and other warm climates, much used in cabinef-work. It 
is of a fragrant smell, and from it is obtained a perfume. 

Ro'SE-AL (ro'zhe-al), a. [L. roscus.] Like a rose in smell 
or color. 

* Ru'SE-ATE (ro'zhe-ate), a. [Fr. rosat.] 1. Rosy ; full of 
roses. 2. Blooming ; of a rose-color. — Boyle. 

RoSEDJrozd), a. Crimsoned; flushed. — Shak. 

RoSE'LlTE, n. [from M. Rose.] A native arseniate of co- 
balt, occurring in small, red crystals.— Dan a. 

RoSE'MA-RY. 7i. [L. rosmarinus.] A verticillate plant of 
the genus rosmarinus, having a fine aro:ratic fragrance like 
camphor. Ir has been used as an emblem of fidelity or 
constancy. 

RO-Se'O-L A, 72. A sort of rash, so called from its rose color. 

RG'SET, 72. [Fr. rosette.] A red color used b3 r painters. 

RO-SETTE', 72. [Fr.] 1. An imitation of a rose made of 
ribbons, used as an ornament or badge. — 2. In architecture^ 
an ornament in the form of a rose, much used in decora- 
tions. — Gwilt. 

ROS-I-€R.U'CIAN, 72. [L. ros and crux.] The Rosicruci;,** 
were a sect or cabal of hermetical philosophers, cr, rather, 
fanatics, who were first known in Germany in the seven- 
teenth century, and made great pretensions to science, 
and, among other things, pretended to be masters of th- 
secret of the philosopher's stone. 

ROS-I-€Ru'CIAN, a. Pertaining to the Rosicrucians or their 
arts. — Hudibras. 

f Ro'SIER (ro'zhur), n. [Fr.] A rose-bush. — SpeTiser. 

ROSTN, 72. [This is only a different orthography of resin , 
Ir. roisin ; Fr. resine ; L. resina. Sec Resin:] The resin 
left after distilling off the volatile oil from turpentine ; col- 
ophony. — Ure. 

ROSIN, v. t. To rub with rosin. — Gay. 

Ro'SI-NESS, 72. The quality of being rosy, or of resembling 
the color of the rose. — Davenant. 

ROS'IN-Y, a. Like rosin, or partaking of its qualities. 

ROS'LAND, n. [W. rhos, peat, or a moor.] Heathy land ; 
land full of ling; moorish or watery land. 

ROS'MA-RlNE, n. Rosemary. — Spenser. — Shenstone. 

ROSS, 7i. [qu. G. graus.] The rough, scaly matter on the 
surface of the bark of certain treesT [New England.] 

ROSS'EL, 72. Light land. [Not used in America.] 

t ROSS'EL-LY, a. Loose ; light. — Mortimer. 

ROS'SIG-NOL, n. [Fr. ; It. rosignuolo.] The nightingale. 

ROS'TEL, 72. [L. roslellum.] In botany, that part of the cw 
culum or heart of a seed which descends into the earth . 
and becomes a root. — Willdenow. 

ROS'TEL-LATE, a. Having a rostel. 

ROS-TELLI-FORM, a. Having the form of a rostei. 

ROS'TEPl, 72. [a corruption of register.] In military affavrs, 
a plan or table by which the duty of officers is regulated. 
— In Massachusetts, a list of the officers of a division, brig- 
ade, regiment, or battalion. 

ROS'TRAL, a. [L. rostrum.] 1. Resembling the beak of a 
ship. 2. Pertaining to the beak. 

ROS'TRATE, \a. [h. rostratus.] 1. In botany and con- 

ROS'TRa-TED, 5 chology, beaked; having a process re 
sembling the beak of a bird. 2. Furnished or adorned 
with beaks. 

ROS'TRI-FORM. a. Having the form of a beak.— Kirby. 

ROSTRUM, ?2. [L.] 1. The beak or bill of a bird. 2. 'The 
beak or head of a ship. — 3. In ancient Rome, a scaffold or 
elevated place in the forum, where orations, pleadings, 
funeral harangues, &c, were delivered. Hence, 4. A plat- 
form or elevated spot from which a speaker addresses his 
audience.— Gwilt. 5. The pipe which conveys the distill 
ing liquor into its receiver, the common alembic— Quivcy 
K ; 6 as J ; S as Z .; CH as SH; TH~aa hT^vT fbbsnlete~ 



ROT 



866 



ROL 



ri. A cra-.'<ed pair of scissors, used by surgeons for dilating 
won ads. — Quincy. 

RO'SU-LaTE, a. Having the leaves arranged in little rose- 
like clusters. — P. Cyc. 

Ro'SY, a. 1. Resembling a rose ; blooming ; red ; blushing ; 
charming. 2. Made in the form of a rose. 

Ro'SY-Bo-SOMED, a. Imbosomed among roses. — Gray. 

Ro'SY-CROWNED, a. Crowned with roses.— Gray. 

Ro'SY-TlNT-ED, a. Having the tints of the rose.— Mrs. 
Butler. 

ROT, v. i. [Sax. rotian ; D. rotten ; Sw. rota.] To lose the 
natural cohesion and organization of parts, as animal and 
vegetable substances ; to be decomposed and resolved into 
its original component parts by the natural process, or the 
gradual operation of heat and air.— Syn. To putrefy ; cor- 
rupt; decay; spoil. 

ROT, v. t. To make putrid ; to cause to be wholly or par- 
tially decomposed by the natural operation of air and heat ; 
to bring to corruption. 

ROT, 11. 1. A fatal distemper incident to sheep, usually 
supposed to be owing to wet seasons and moist pastures. 
2. Putrefaction ; putrid decay. — 3. Dry rot, in timber, the 
decay of the wood without the access of water. See Dry 
Rot. 

RoTA, 7t. [L. rota; W. rhod.] 1. An ecclesiastical court of 
appeal at Rome, composed of twelve prelates ; so called 
because they sit in a circle (rota). — 2. In English history, 
a club of politicians, who, in the time of Charles I., con- 
templated an equal government by rotation. 

RoTA-LiTE, n. One of a genus of fossil multilocular 
6hells. 

ROTARY, a. [L. rota ; W. rhod ; Sp. rueda ; Port, roda.] 
Turning, as a wheel on its axis. — Rotary engine, a steam- 
engine worked by the elastic force of the steam acting 
upon pistons fixed to an axis, whereby the latter is put in 
motion. — Buchanan. 

ROTATE, v. i. [L. rota.] To revolve or move round a cen- 
ter.— Redjield. 

ROTATE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped ; monopetalous ; 
spreading nearly flat, without a tube, or with a very short 
tube. 

Ro'TATE-PLaNE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped and flat, 

without a tube. — Lee. 
. ROTATED, pp. or a. [L. rotatus.] Turned round, as a 
wheel 

ROTATING, ppr. or a. Revolving; moving round a center. 

. KO-Ta'TION, n. [L. rotatio.] 1. The act of turning, as a 

wheel or solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the 

progressive motion of a body revolving round another 

body or a distant point. 2. Vicissitude of succession. 

RoTA-TIVE, a. Turning, as a wheel ; rotatory. [Rare.] 

ROTATOR, ». [L.] That which gives a circular or roll- 
ing motion ; a muscle producing a rolling motion. 

Ro'TA-TO-RiES, n. pi. Wheel animalcules ; rotifers. — 

Kirby. 
i RoTATO-RY, a. [from rotator.] 1. Turning on an axis, 
as a wheel ; rotary. 2. Going in a circle ; following in 
succession. 
I { RoTE, n. [a contraction of crowd ; W. crwth; It. cridt.] A 
musical instrument, probably similar to the hurdy-gurdy. 
—P. Cyc. 

kEdTE, n. [L. rota.] Properly, a round of words ; frequent 
repetition of words or sounds, without attending to the 
signification, or to principles and rules ; a practice that 
impresses words in the memory without an effort of the 
understanding, and without the aid of rules. 

itoTE. v. t. To fix in the memory by means of frequent 
repetition, without an effort of the understanding to com- 
prehend what is repeated.— Shak. [Little used.] 

RoTE, v. i. To go out by rotation or succession. [Little 
used.] 

ROTH'ER-Be ASTS, n. pi. [Sax. hryther.] Cattle of the bo- 
vine genus. — Golding. 

,ROTH'ER-:-<aILS, n. pi. [corrupted from rudder-nails.] 
Among shipwrights, nails with very full heads, used for 
fastening the rudder-irons of ships. 

ROTH'OF-FlTE, n. A variety of garnet, brown or black. 

Ro'TI-FER, n. [L. rota and fero.] The rotifers are a class 
of infusorial animals, having ciliary appendages on the 
fore-part of the body, which seem to move in a rotary 
manner. — Brande. 

ROTTED, ppr. or a. Made putrid ; decomposed wholly or 
partially. 

i ROTTEN (rofn), a. [Sw. rutten.] 1. Decomposed by the 
, natural process of decay. 2. Not firm or trusty ; having 
some defect in principle. 3. Having some defect in sub- 
Stance ; not sound or hard, as a road ; [rare.] 4. Fetid ; 
ill-6meliing ; [rare.] — Syn. Putrefied ; putrid ; decayed ; 
carious; defective; unsound; corrupt; deceitful; treach- 
erous. 

ROTTEN-SToNE, n. A soft stone used in polishing met- 
als, &.C. 
ROTTENLY, adv. Putridly, defectively; fetidly. 



ROTTEN-NESS, n. State of being decayed or putrid , en 

riousness ; putrefaction ; unsoundness. 
ROTTING, ppr. Making putrid ; causing to decompose. 
ROTUND', a. [L. rotundus.] 1. Round; circular; sphei- 

ical.— 2. In botany, orbicular ; a little inclining to be ob 

Ion?. — Lindley. 
RO-TUN'DA, ) n. [It. rotondo.] A round building ; anj 
RO-TUN'DO, 3 erection that is round both on the outsidf 

and inside. 
RO-TUND-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. rotundus and folium.] Hav 

ing round leaves. 
RO TIJND'I TY ) 
RO-TUND'NESS \ n ' Roundness ; sphericity; circularity. 

RoU'BLE. See Ruble. 

RoU'CoU (roo'koo), n. [originally written urucu.] A sub 
stance used in dyeing ; the same as anotta. 

R6U-E' (roo-a/), n. [Fr.] In the fashionable world, one de- 
voted to a life of sensual pleasure, but not excluded from 
society for his vices ; a debauchee. 

R5UGE (roozh), a. [Fr.] Red.— Davies. 

RoUGE (roozh), n. A species of lake or red paint, usually 
prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, used for 
painting the cheeks. 

RoUGE, v. i. To paint the face, or, rather, the cheeks, with 
rouge. 

RoUGE, v. t. To paint or tinge with rouge. 

RqUgE'-ET-NOIR (roozh'-a-nwa'). [Fr. red and black.] A 
game at cards, in which persons play against the owner oi 
the table or banker ; so called because'the table is divided 
in small compartments colored red and black. — Hoyle. 

ROUGED (roozhd), pp. Tinged with rouge, as the face. 

ROUGH (ruf ), a. [Sax. hreog, hrcoh, hrug, reoh, rug, ruh^ 
href, hreof; D. ruig.] 1. Having inequalities, small ridges, 
or points on the surface ; not smooth or plane ; uneven. 
2. Stony ; abounding with stones and stumps, or with 
stones only, as a meadow. 3. Not wrought or polished ; 
as, a rough diamond. 4. Thrown into huge waves ; vio- 
lently agitated, as a sea. 5. Tempestuous ; stormy ; bois- 
terous ; as, a rough day. — Shale. 6. Austere to the taste , 
harsh ; as, rough wine. 7. Harsh to the ear ; grating ; 
jarring; unharmonious, as numbers or verse. 8. Rugged 
of temper ; severe ; austere : rude ; not mild or courteous. 
9. Coarse in manners ; rude ; uncivil ; unmannerly. 10. 
Harsh ; violent ; not easy. 11. Harsh ; severe ; uncivil ; 
as, rough usage. 12. Hard-featured ; not delicate ; as, a 
rough visage. 13. Terrible ; dreadful ; as, " the rough 
edge of battle." — Milton. 14. Rugged ; disordered in ap- 
pearance; coarse. 15. Hairy; shaggy; covered with hairs, 
bristles, and the like. 

ROUGH (ruf), v. t. To rough it, is to have or pursue a 
rough or rusged course. 

ROUGH'-€aST (ruf'-kast), v. t. [rough and cast.] 1. To 
form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction, 
and polish. 2. To mold without nicety or elegance, or to 
form with asperities. 3. To plaster with a mixture oi 
lime and shells or pebbles. 

ROUGH'-€aST (ruf'-kast), n. 1. A rude model ; the form 
of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished. 2. A kind of 

9 plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or peo- 
bles, used for covering buildings. 

ROUGH-DRAUGHT (ruf'-draft), n. A draught in its rudi- 
ments ; a draught not perfected; a sketch. 

ROUGH-DRAW (ruf'-draw), v. t. To draw or delineate 
coarsely. — Dry den. 

ROUGH'-DRAWN (ruf'-drawn), pp. Coarsely drawn. 

ROUGH'-FOOT-ED (ruf'-foot-ed), a. Feather-footed. 

ROUGH-HEW (ruf'-hu), v. t. [rough and hew.] 1. To hew 
coarsely without smoothing. 2. To give the first form or 
shape to a thing. 

ROUGH'-HE WN (ruf'-bune), pp. or a. 1. Hewn coarsely 
without smoothing. 2. Rugged ; unpolished ; of coarso 
manners ; rude. 3. Unpolished ; not nicely finished. 

ROUGH'-LkAFED (ruf'-leeft), a. Having rough leaves. 

ROUGH'-RlD'ER (ruf-), n. One who breaks horses ; par- 
ticularly, a non-commissioned officer in the cavalry whose 
duty it is to assist the riding-master. — Campbell's Mil. DicU 

ROUGH'-SHOD (ruf'-shod), a. Shod with shoes armed 
with points. — To ride rough-shod, in a figurative sense, \* 
to pursue a course, regardless of the pain or distress it 
may cause others. 

ROUGH-W6RK (ruf'-wurk), v. t. To work over coarsely, 
without regard to nicety, smoothness, or finish. 

ROUGH-WROUGHT (ruf'-rawt), pp. or a. Wrought o» 
done coarsely. 

ROUGH'EN (ruf'n), v. t. [from rough.] To make rough 

RQUGH'EN (ruf'n), v. i. To grow or become rough. 

ROUGH'ENED (ruf 'nd), pp. Made or become rough. 

ROUGH'EN-ING (ruf 'n-ing), ppr. Making rough. 

ROUGH'INGS (ruf'ingz), n. pi. Grass after mowing or reap- 
ing. [Local] 

ROUGH'ISH (ruf'ish), a. In some degree rough.— Rich. 
Diet. 

EOUGH'LY (rufly), adv. 1. With uneven surface; with 



.*»' Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long^JL, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



ROU 



867 



ROU 



asperities ,n the surface. 2. Harshly ; uncivilly ; rudely. 
3. Severely ; without tenderness. 4. Austerely to the 
taste. 5. Boisterously ; tempestuously. 6. Harshly to the 
ear. 7. Violently ; not gently. 

ROUGHNESS (ruf'nes), n. 1. Unevenness of surface, oc- 
casioned by small prominences ; asperity of surface. 2. 
Austereness to the taste. 3. Taste of astringency. 4. 
Harshness to the ear. 5. Ruggedness of temper ; harsh- 
ness ; austerity. 6. Coarseness of manners or behavior ; 
rudeness. 7. Want of delicacy or refinement. 8. Sever- 
ity ; harshness or violence of discipline. 9. Violence of 
operation in medicines. 10. Unpolished or unfinished 
state. 11. Inelegance of dress or appearance. 12. Tem- 
pestuousness ; boisterousness, as of winds or weather. 
13. Violent agitation by wind. 14. Coarseness of features. 

\ ROUGHT (rawt), for raught ; pret. of reach.— Skak. 

R5U-LEAU' (roo-160, n. [Fr.] A little roll ; a roll of coins 
in paper. — Pope. 

R6U-LETTE', n [Fr., a little ball or roller.] A game of 
chance, in which a small ball is made to move round rap- 
idly on a circle divided off into red or black spaces, and 
as it stops on the one or the other, the player wins or 
loses. — Diet, de VAcad. 

t ROUN, v. i. [G. raunen ; Sax. runian.] To whisper. 

f ROUN, v. t. To address in a whisper. — Bret. 

S-?rII; } * ™ e mountain-ash. 

ROUNCE (rouns), n. The handle of a printing-press. 

ROUN'CE-VAL, n. [from Sp. Roncesvalles.] A variety of 
pea, so called. — Tiisser. 

ROUND, a. [Fr. rond ; It, Sp., Port. ronda.{ 1. Having the 
form of a circle, sphere, or cylinder. 2. Large ; not in- 
considerable ; as, a round sum or price. 3. Smooth ; flow- 
ing ; not defective or abrupt. — Fell ; [applied to style.] 4. 
Plain ; open ; candid ; fair ; as, round dealing. — Bacon. 5. 
Quick ; brisk, as a trot. 6. Bold ; positive ; as, a round 
affirmation or oath. Sliarp. — A round number is a number 
that end3 with a cipher, and may be divided by 10 with- 
out a remainder. — Syn. Circular: spherical; globular; glo- 
bose ; orbicular ; orbed ; cylindrical ; full ; plump ; rotund. 

ROUND, n. 1. A circle ; a circular thing, or a circle in mo- 
tion ; also, an orb, globe, or sphere. 2. Action or perform- 
ance in a circle, or passing through a series of hands or 
things, and coming to the point of beginning ; or the time 
of such action. 3. Rotation in office ; succession in vicis- 
situde. 4. A rundle ; the step of a ladder. 5. A walk or 
circuit performed by a guard or an officer round the ram- 
part of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sen- 
tinels are faithful and all things safe. 6. A short vocal 
composition in three or more parts, in performing which 
the first voice sings alone to the end of the first part, and, 
while singing the second part, the second voice sings the 
first pail, &c, the voices following successively the same 
routine. 7. A general discharge of fire-arms by a body of 
troops, in which each soldier fires once. 8. That which 
goes round a whole circle or company ; as, a round of ap- 
plause. — A round of cartridges and balls, one cartridge to 
erich man. — A round of beef, a cut of thigh through and 
across the bone. 

ROUND, adv. 1. On all sides. 2. Circularly ; in a circular 
form. 3. From one side or party to another. 4. Not in a 
direct line ; by a course longer than the direct course. — 
All round, in common speech, denotes over the whole place, 
or in every direction. 

ROUND, prep. 1. On every side of; as, the people stood 
round him. 2. About ; in a circular course, or in all parts ; 
as, to go round the city. 3. Circularly ; about — To come 
or get round oi*e, in popular language, is to gain advantage 
over one by flattery or deception ; to circumvent 

ROUND, v. t. 1. To make circular, spherical, or cylindrical. 
2. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass. 3. To form 
to the arch or figure of the section of a circle. 4. To 
move about any "thing. 5. To make full, smooth, and 
flowing. — To round in, among seamen, to haul upon a 
rope, generally upon the weather-braces. — To round up, 
to haul up, as the slack of a rope through its leading-tackle, 
or a tackle which hangs loose by its fall. — Totten. 

ROUND, v. i. 1. To grow or become round. 2. To go 
round. — To round to, In sailing, is to turn the head of the 
ship toward the wind. 

\ ROUND, v. i. [a corruption of roun ; Sax. runian ; Germ. 
raunen.] To whisper.— Bacon. 

ROUND-BACK.ED (-bakt). la. Having a round back or 

ROUND'-SHoUL-DERED 5 shoulders. 

ROUND'-HeAD (-hed), n. [round and head.] A name of 
contempt formerly given to Puritans from the practice 
which prevailed among them of cropping the hair round. 
They were also called prick-eared, because, from the scant- 
iness of their hair, their ears were fully exposed. During 
the time of Charles I. and of the Commonwealth, the name 
round-head was extended to all the republicans.— Toone.— 
P. Cue. 

ROUND'-HE AD-ED, a. Having a round head or top. 



ROUND'-HOUSE, n. 1. A constable's prison; the prison 
to secure persons taken up by the night-watch, till they 
can be examined by a magistrate. Encyc. — 2. In a ship 
of war, a certain necessary near the head, for the use of 
particular officers.— 3. In large merchantmen and ships of 
war, a cabin or apartment in the after-part of the quarter 
deck, having the poop for its roof; sometimes called th*» 
coach. 

ROUND-RID6E, v. t. [round and ridge.] In tillage, to form 
round ridges by plowing. — Edwards. [ West Indies. 1 

ROUND'-ROB-IN, n. [Fr. rond and ruban.—Todd.] A writ 
ten petition, memorial, remonstrance, or instrument signed 
by names in a ring or circle, so as not to show who signed 
first. — Forbes. 

ROUND Ta'BLE, n. Knights of the round table, knights 
belonging to an order established by the British King Ar 
thur about the sixth century ; so named from their eating 
at a round table, by which the distinction of rank was 
avoided. — Toone. 

ROUND TOWER n. The name given to certain lofty an- 
cient towers, tapering from the base to a conical cap or 
roof, which crowns the summit; found chiefly hi Ireland. 
—P. Cyc. 

ROUNDA-BOUT, a. [round and about.] 1. Indirect; going 
round ; loose. 2. Ample ; extensive. 3. Encircling ; en 
compassing. 

ROUNDA-BOUT, n. 1. A horizontal wheel upon which 
children ride. — Smart. 2. A sort of surtout Smart. — 3, 
In America, a short close body-garment without skirts. 

ROUND'EL, )n. [Fr. rondelef..] 1. A sort of ancient 

ROUND'E-LaY, J poem, consisting of thirteen verses, of 
which eight are in one kind of rhyme, and five in another, 
with the same word at the beginning and end. 2. [Fr. ron- 
delle.] A round form or figure ; [obs.] — 3. Roundel, in her- 
aldry, a circular spot 

t ROUND'ER, n. Circumference ; inclosure. 

ROUNDING, ppr. 1. Making round or circular. 2. Making 
full, flowing, and smooth. 

ROUNDING, a. Round or roundish ; nearly round. 

ROUND'ING, n. Among seamen, small rope or spun-yarn 
wound round a larger rope to keep it from chafing ; also 
called service. — Totten. 

ROUND'ISH. a. Somewhat round ; nearly round. 

ROUND'ISU-NESS, n. The state of being roundish. 

ROUND'LET. n. A little circle.— Gregory. 

ROUND'LY, adv. 1. In a round form or manner. 2. Opei. 
ly ; boldly ; without reserve ; peremptorily. 3. Plainly 
fully. 4. Briskly ; with speed. 5. Completely ; to the 
purpose ; vigorously ; in earnest. 

ROUND'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being round, circular, 
spherical, globular, or cylindrical ; cylindrical form. 2. 
Smoothness of flow. 3. Openness ; plainness ; boldness ; 
positiveness. — Syn. Circularity ; sphericity ; globosity ; 
gZobularity ; globularness ; orbicularness ; cyfindricity ; 
fullness ; plumpness ; rotundity. 

ROUNDS, n. pi. 1. See Round, n., No. 5. 2. Round-top. 
see Top. 

ROUP (roop\ v. t. To cry or shout ; hence, to expose to 
sale by auction. — Jamieson's Diet. [Scottish.] 

ROUP, n. 1. An outcry ; a sale of goods by auction; [Scot- 
tish.] 2. A disease in poultry. — Gardner. 

ROUSE (rouz), v. t. [This word, written also arouse, seems 
to belong to the family of raise or rush. See Raise.] 1. 
To wake from sleep or repose ; to awaken. — Gen., xlix. 
2. To excite to thought or action from a state of idleness, 
languor, stupidity, or inattention. 3. To put into action-; 
to agitate. 4. To drive a beast from his den or place of rest 

ROUSE, v. i. 1. To awake from sleep or repose. 2. To be 
excited to thought or action from a 6tate of indolence, 
sluggishness, languor, or inattention. 

ROUSE, v. i. In seamen's language, to pull together upon a 
cable. &c, without the assistance of tackles. 

t ROUSE, n. [D. roes ; G. rausch.] 1. A bumper in honor 
of a health. 2. Excess of drinking ; carousal.— Shah. 

ROUSED (rouzd), pp. Awakened'from sleep; excited to 
thought or action. 

BOUS'ER, n. One who rouses or excites. 

ROUS'ING, ppr. 1. Awaking from sleep ; exciting ; calling 
into action. 2. a. Having power to awaken or excite S 
Great; violent; [vulsrar.] 

ROUS'ING-LY, adv. Violently; excitingly. 

ROUST, n. A torrent occasioned by a tide. — Shetland. 

ROUT, n. [G. rotte ; D. rot ; Dan. rode.] 1. A rabble ; » 
clamorous multitude ; a tumultuous crowd. — 2. In lair, a 
rout is where three persons or more meet to do an unlaw- 
ful act upon a common quarrel, as forcibly to break down 
fences on a right claimed of common or of way, and make 
some advances toward it 3. A company of select per 
eons. — Spenser ; [obs.] Hence, 4. A fashionable assembly 
or large evening party. — Smart. 

ROUT, n. [Fr. deroute ; It rotta.] The breaking or defeat 
of an army or band of troops, or the disorder and confu- 
sion of troops thus defeated and put to flight 



DOVE - B'JLL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € aa K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ROY 



868 



RUB 



ROUT, v. t. To break the ranks of troops and put them to 
flight in disorder ; to cause defeat and throw into confu- 
sion, as troops.— Syn. To defeat; discomfit; beat; over- 
power; overthrow; conquer. 
\ ROUT, v. i. To assemble in a clamorous and tumultuous 

crowd. — Bacon. 
f ROUT, v. i. [Sax. hrutan.] To snore. — Chaucer. 
« ROUT, v. t. [for root.] To rum up the ground with the 

anput ; to search. 
* ROUTE or ROUTE, n. [Fr. route ; Sp. rauta ; Arm. roud ; 
W. rhawd.] The course or way which is traveled or 
passed, or to be passed ; a passing ; a course ; a march. 
ROUTED, pp. or a. Put to flight in disorder. 
ROUTINE' (roo-teen'), ?i. [Fr.] 1. A round of business, 
amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued ; 
particularly, a coui-se of business or official duties, regu- 
larly or frequently returning. 2. Any regular habit or 
practice not accommodated to circumstances. 
ROUTING, ppr. Putting to flight; defeating and throwing 

into confusion. 
ROUT'OUS-LY, adv. With that violation of law called a 

rout. — Bouvier. 
RoVE, v. i. [Dan. riJver ; Sw. rofva.] To go, move, or pass, 
without certain direction in any manner, by walking, rid- 
ing, flying, or otherwise. — Syn. To wander ; roam ; range ; 
ramble ; stroll. 
ROVE, v. t. To wander over ; as, roving a field. 
KoVE, v. t. [qu. reeve.] To draw a thread, string, or cord 

through an eye or aperture. 
ROVER, n. 1. A wanderer; one who rambles about. 2. 
A fickle or inconstant person. 3. A robber or pirate ; a 
freebooter. 4. A sort of arrow ; [obs.] — At rovers, without 
any particular aim ; at random. 
ROVING, ppr. or a. Rambling ; wandering ; passing a cord 

through an eye. 
ROVING, n. The operation which gives the first twist to 

cotton thread by drawing it through an eye or aperture. 
ROV'ING-LY, adv. In a wandering manner. 
R0VTNC-NES3, n. State of roving. 

RoW, n. [Sax. rawa; G. reihe ; D. rei.] 1. A series of per- 
sons or things arranged in a continued line ; a line ; a 
rank; a file. — Milton. 2. An excursion taken in a boat 
with oars. 
ROW, n. A riotous, noisy disturbance. Lord Byron. — Syn. 
Broil ; uproar ; riot ;. tumult ; commotion ; disturbance ; 
affray. 
ROW, v. t. [Sax. rowan, reowan ; Sw. ro : Dan. roer.] 1. To 
impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water by 
oars. 2. To transport by rowing. 
ROW, v. i. To labor with the oar ; as, to row well. 
R5W'-LO€K, n. That part of a boat's gunwale on which 

tfie oar rests in rowing. — Totten. 
RoW'-PORT, n. A name given to little square holes in the 
sides of small vessels of war, near the surface of the wa- 
ter, for the use of an oar for rowing in a calm. 
'> ROW'A-BLE, a. Capable of being rowed or rowed upon. 
ROWAN-TREE, n. The roan-tree or mountain-ash, which 

see. 
ROWDY, n. A riotous, turbulent fellow. [Am.] 
ROW.ED (rode), pp. Driven by oars. 

ROWEL, n. [Old Fr. rouel.le.] 1. The little wheel of a spur, 
formed with sharp points. — 2. Among farriers, a roll of 
hair or silk passed through the flesh of horses, answering 
to a seton in surgery. 3. A little flat ring or wheel of plate 
or iron on horses' bits. 
ROWEL, v. t. To insert a rowel in ; to pierce the skin and 

insert a roll of hair or silk. 
ROWEL.ED, pp. Pierced with a rowel. 
ROWEL-ING, ppr. Inserting a roll of hair or silk ; piercing 

the skin to make a rowel. 
ROWEN, n. 1. A field kept up till after Michaelmas, that 
the corn left on the ground may sprout into green. Notes 
on Tusser. — 2. In New England, the second growth of 
grass in a season. — Halliwell. 
ROWER, n. One who rows or manages an oar in rowing. 
ROWING, ppr. Impelling, as a boat by oars. 
ROWING, n. The act oflmpelling a boat by oars. 
ROWLAND. To give a Rowland for an Oliver is to give a 
full equivalent, as a retort, blow, &c, of equal force ; in al- 
lusion to two knights, famous in romance, who were con- 
sidered as exactly matched. — Halliwell. 
ROW'LEY-RAGG. See Ragstone. 

ROY'AL, a. [Fr. royal ; It. reale ; Sp., Port, real] 1. Per- 
taining to a king ; as, royal family or dignity. 2. Becom- 
ing a king ; as, royal munificence. 3. Like a king ; as " that 
royal merchant, good Antonio." Shalt. — Syn. Kingly ; re- 
gal ; monarchical ; imperial ; king-like ; princely ; august ; 
majestic ; superb ; splendid ; illustrious ; noble ; magnan- 
imous. 
ROY'AL, n. 1. A large kind of paper. It is used as a noun 
or an adjective. — 2. Among seamen, a small sail spread 
immediately above the top-gallant-sail ; sometimes termed 
the top-gallant-royal. 3. One of the shoots of a stag's head. 



— 4. In artillery, a small mortar. — 5. In Eng^la.ul, one ol 
the soldiers of the first regiment of foot, called the rmjals, 
and supposed to be the oldest regular coips in Europe. 

ROY'AL-ISM, n. Attachment to the principles or cause oi 
royalty, or to a royal government. — Madison. 

ROY'AL-IST, n. An adherent to a king, or one attached taJ 
a kingly government. — Waller. 

ROY'AL-lZE, v. t. To make royal.— Shah. 

ROY'AL-lZ£D, pp. Made royal. 

ROY'AL-L Y, adv. In a kingly manner ; like a king ; as be 
comes a king. — Dryden. 

ROY'AL-TY, n. [Fr. royauti ; It. realta.] 1. Kingship ; thu 
character, state, or office of a king. Hence, 2. The king 
or sovereign ; as, the distresses of royalty. Mason. — 3. 
Royalties, pi., emblems of royalty ; regalia. 4. Rights ot 
a king ; prerogatives. 

t ROYNE, v. t. [Fr. rogncr.] To bite ; to gnaw. 

t ROYN'ISH, a. [Fr. rogneux ; Sp. rouoso ; It. rognoso.] 
Mean ; paltry ; as, the roynish clown. — Shak. 

t ROY'TEL-ET, n. [Fr. roitelet.] A little king.— Heylin. 

t ROY'TISH, a. Wild ; irregular.— Beaumont and Fletcher. 

RUB, v. t. [W. rhwbiaw.] 1. To move something along the 
surface of a body with pressure. 2. To wipe ; to clean . 
to scour. 3. To touch so as to leave behind something 
which touches ; to spread over. 4. To polish ; to retouch : 
with over. 5. To obstruct by collision. Shah. ; [unusual.] 
— To rub down, to clean by rubbing; to comb or curry, aa 
a horse. — To rub off, to clean any thing by rubbing; to 
separate by friction. — To rub out. 1. To erase ; to obliter 
ate. 2. To remove or separate by friction. — To rub upon, 
to touch hard. Sidney. — To rub up. 1. To burnish ; to 
polish; to clean. 2. To excite; to awaken; to rouse to 
action. 

RUB, v. i. 1. To move along the surface of a body with 
pressure. 2. To fret ; to chafe ; to gall. 3. To move ot 
pass with difficulty. 

RUB, n. 1. The act of rubbing ; friction. 2. That which 
renders motion or progress difficult ; collision ; hinder- 
ance ; obstruction. 3. Inequality of ground that hinders 
the motion of a bowl. 4. Difficulty ; cause of uneasiness ; 
pinch. 5. Sarcasm ; joke ; something grating to the feel 
ings. 

RUB, ? n. [rub and stone.] A stone, usually somi 

RUB'-STONE, 5 kind of sandstone, used to sharpen instru 
ments ; a whetstone. 

tRUB'BAOE, ) 

f RUB'BIDOE, > for rubbish, vulgar, and not used. 

t RUB'BLE, S 

RUBB.ED (rubd), pp. Moved along the surface with a press- 
ure; cleaned; polished. 

RUB'BER, n. 1. One who rubs. 2. The instrument or 
thing used in rubbing or cleaning. 3. A coarse file, or the 
rough part of it. 4. A whetstone ; a rubstone. — 5. In whist 
and some other games, two games out of three ; or the game 
that decides the contest ; or a contest consisting of threo 
games. — India rubber, caoutchouc, which see. 

RUB'BING, ppr. Moving along the surface with a pressure , 
chafing ; scouring ; polishing. 

RUB'BING, n. The act of rubbing, scouring, or polishing. 

RUB'BISH, n. 1. Fragments of buildings ; broken or imper- 
fect pieces of any structure ; ruins. 2. Waste or rejected 
matter ; anything worthless. 3. Mingled mass ; confusion. 

RUB'BLE, )n. A name given by quarry -men to 

RUB'BLE-STONE, 5 the upper fragmentary and decom- 
posed portions of a mass of stone ; sometimes applied to 
water-worn stone.— Lyell. See, also, Rubbage. 

RUB'BLE-WALL, In. In masonry, coarse walling con- 

RUB'BLE-WoRK, ) structed of rough stones, not large, 
but irregular in size and shape. — Gloss, of Archit. 

RUB'BLY, a. Pertaining to or containing rubble.— Smart. 

RU-BE-Fa'CIENT (-shent), a. [L. rubefacio.] Making red. 

RU-BE-Fa'CIENT, n. In medicine, a substance or external 
application which produces redness of the skin. 

Ru'BEL-LlTE, n. [from L. rubeus.] A red variety of tour 
maline. — Dana. 

RU-BK'O-LA, n. The measles. 

RU-BES'CENT, a. [L. rubescens, rubesco.] Growing or be- 
coming red; tending to a red color. 

RV'BE-ZaHL, n. [G.] A famous mountain spirit of Ger 
many, sometimes friendly, sometimes mischievous, cor 
responding to Puck. — Encyc. Am. See Puck. 

RO'BI-GAN, a. [Fr. ; L. rubeo.] Rubican color of a horse is 
a bay, sorrel, or black, with a light gray or white upon the 
flanks, but the gray or white not predominant there. 

Ru'BI-CEL, n. [L. rubeo.] A gem or mineral, a variety oi 
ruby of a reddish color, from Brazil. 

RD'BI-CON, «. A small river forming the boundary of Italy, 
which Csesar crossed when he invaded Italy, with the in 
tention of subduing it. Hence, to pass the Rubicon is to 
take a desperate step in an enterprise, or to adopt a rneas 
ure from which one can not recede, or from which he ij 
determined not to recede-. 

R€'BI-€UND, a. [L. rubicundus.] Inclining to redness. 



1 Set Synoj)sis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— MARlN E, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



RUD 



869 



RUF 



. RU-BI-CUND1-TY, n. An inclination to redness ; ruddi- 
ness 
Ru'BI-ED (ruTsid), pp. or a. Red as a ruby ; as, a rubied lip. 
RU-BIF'IC, a. [L. ruber hnd facio.] Making red.— Grew. 
RU-BI-FI-€a'TION n. The act of making red.— Howell. 
Ru'BI-FORM, a. [L. ruber and form.] Having the form of 

red. — Newton. 
Ru'BI-FY, v. t. [L. ruber and facio.] To make red. [Rare.] 
RU-BIG'I-NOUS, a. Rusty. 

R.U-Bl'GO, n. [L.] Mildew ; a kind of rust on plants, con- 
sisting of a parasitic fungus or mushroom, 
f Ru'BI-OUS, a. [L. rubeus.] Red ; ruddy.— Skak. 
RU'BLE (rulfl), n. [Russ., from rublyn.] 1. A silver coin 
of Russia. The old ruble was worth about 3s. 8d. sterling, 
or 85 cents. The new ruble, coined since 1762, is worth 
nearly 3s. 3d. sterling, or 75 cents. 2. A money of ac- 
count in Russia. The bank ruble of 100 copecks is worth 
about 11 pence sterling, or 21 cents.— M'Culloch. 
RtJ'BRIC, n. [Fr. rubrique ; L., It., Sp. rubrica.] 1. In the 
canon law, a title or article in certain ancient law-books ; 
• so called because written in red letters. 2. The name giv- 
en to the directions printed in prayer-books, which were 
formerly put in red letters. The name has sometimes 
been given to any writing or printing in red ink in old 
books and manuscripts, especially the date and place on a 
title-pa ge.—Bran de. 
Ru'BRIC, v. t. To adorn with red. 
R0'BRI€, ? „ A 
Ru'BRIC- AL, J a> tiea - 
Ru'BRIC-AL, a. Placed in rubrics. 
RO'BRIC-aTE, v. t. [L. rubricatus.] To mark or distin- 

jguish with red. — Herbert. 
Ru'BRI€-ATE, a. Marked with red.— Spclman. 
RO'BY, n. [Fr. rubis ; Sp. rubi ; Port, rubi, rubim ; It. rubi- 
no.] 1. A precious stone ; a crystallized mineral of a car- 
mine-red color. — The Balas ruby is a bright red variety of 
the spinel. 2. Redness ; red color. — 3. Any thing red. 4. 
A blain ; a blotch ; a carbuncle. — Ruby of arsenic or sul- 
phur is the realgar, or red compound of arsenic and sul- 
phur. Nicholson. — Ruby of zinc is the red blende. — Rock 
ruby, a fine red variety of garnet. — Ruby silver, see Red 
silver. 
RO'BY, v. t. To make red.— Pope. 

POJ'BY, a. Of the color of the ruby ; red ; as, ruby lips. 
Ru'BY-ING, ppr. Making red. 

RU€K, v. t. [L. rugo.] 1. To cover ; to bend and set close. 
— Gower; [obs.] 2. To draw into wrinkles or folds, as a 
carpet; to crease. — Smart. 
RUCK, v. i. 1. To squat or sit, as a hen on eggs. — Smart. 2. 
To have a folded or ridgy surface, as the sleeve of a coat. 
— Forby. 
RU€K. n. A wrinkle, fold, or plait in a piece of cloth. 
RU€K£D (rukt),^. Wrinkled. 
RUC-Ta'TION. n. [L. ructo.] The act of belching wind 

from the stomach. 
'f RUD, to make red, used by Spenser, is a different spelling 

of red. See Ruddy 
RUD, n. [Sax. rude.] 1. Redness ; blush ; also, red ochre. 

2. The fish rudd. 
RUDD, n. [probably lrom red, ruddy.] A fresh-water fish, 
also called red-eye, closely allied to the roach. The whole 
surface of its body is tinged with a reddish golden hue. 
RUD'DER n. [G. ruder ; Sax. rother.] 1. In navigation, 
the instrument by which a ship is steered ; that part of the 
helm which consists of a piece of timber, broad at the bot- 
tom, which enters the water, and is attached to the stern- 
post by hinges, on which it turns. 2. That which guides 
or governs the course. 3. A sieve ; [locals 
RUD'DER-PERCH, n. A small fish of the Atlantic Ocean, 

said to follow the rudders of vessels. — Calesby. 
RUD'DI£D (rud'did), a. Made ruddy or red. 
RUD'DI-NESS, n. The state of being ruddy ; redness, or, 
rather, a lively flesh color ; that degree of redness which 
characterizes high health. [Applied chiefly to the complex- 
ton or color of the human skin.] 
RUDDLE (rud'dl), n. [W. rhuzell.] Red chalk, which see. 
RUD'DLE-MAN, n. One who digs ruddle. 
RUD'DO€K, n. [Sax. rudduc] The English robin or red- 
breast 
RUD'PY, a. [Sax. ruae, rudu, read; D. rood; G. roth.] 1. 
Of a red color ; of a lively flesh color, or the color ol the 
human skin in high health. 2. Of a bright yellow color ; 
[unusual.] 
RODE, a. [Fr. rude ; It. rude and rozzo ; Sp. rudo ; L. rudis.] 
1. Unformed by art ; having roughness ; as, a rude abode 
or structure. 2. Characterized by roughness or coarse- 
ness of manners ; as, a rude knight ; a rude answer. 3. 
Characterized by violence, tumult, fierceness, or severity ; 
as, a rude wind ; a rude encounter ; a rude winter. 4. 
Characterized by ignorance or barbarism ; as, our rude 
Saxon ancestors. 5. Not skilled or practiced ; as rude in 
art 6. Not polished or formed by the rules of art ; as, a 
rude translation. — Syn. Rough ; uneven ; shapeless ; un- 



fashioned ; rugged ; artless ; unpolished ; uncouth ; ineio 
gant ; rustic ; coarse ; vulgar ; clownish ; raw ; unskillful 
untaught ; illiterate ; ignorant ; uncivil ; impolite ; im 
pertinent ; saucy ; impudent ; insolent ; 6urly ; currish ; 
churlish ; brutal ; uncivilized ; barbarous ; savage ; -vio- 
lent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; bois- 
terous : harsh ; inclement ; severe. 

RuDE'LY, adv. 1. With roughness. 2. Violently ; fiercely ; 
tumultuously. 3. In a rude or uncivil manner. 4. With- 
out exactness or nicety ; coarsely. 5. Unskillfully. 6, 
Without elegance. 

RODE'NESS, n. 1. A rough, broken state; unevenness, 
wildness. 2. Coarseness of manners ; incivility ; rustici- 
ty ; vulgarity. 3. Ignorance ; unskillfulness. 4. Artless- 
ness ; coarseness ; inelegance. 5. Violence ; impetuosity. 
6. Violence ; storminess. 

Ru'DEN-TURE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, the figure of a 
rope or staff', plain or carved, with which the flutings oi 
columns are sometimes filled. 

t Ru'DE-RA-RY, a. [Low L. ruderarius.] Belonging to rub- 
bish. — Diet. 

RU-DE-Ra'TION, n. [L. ruderatio.] Among the ancients, a 
method of laying pavements, and perhaps of building 
walls, with rough pebbles and mortar. — Gwilt. 

RDDES'BY, n. An uncivil, turbulent fellow. — Shak. 

Ru'DI-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. rudimxntum.] 1. A first principle 
or element ; that which is to be first learned. 2. The orig- 
inal of any thing in its first form. 

Ru'DI-MENT, v. t. To furnish with first principles or rules ; 
to ground ; to settle in first principles. 

RU-DI-MENT'AL, I a. Initial ; pertaining to rudiments, 

RU-DI-MENT'A-RY, 5 or consisting in first principles. 

RU-DOLPH'INE, a. An epithet applied to a set of astro- 
nomical tables, computed by Kepler, and founded on the 
observations of Tycho Brahe ; so named from Rudolph 
II., emperor of Bohemia. — Brande. 

RuE (ru), v. t. [Sax. reowian, hreowian ; W. rhuaw, rhuadu, 
D. rouwen; G. reuen.] To lament; to regret; to grieve 
for. 

f ROE, v. i. To have compassion. — Chaucer. 

t RuE, n. Sorrow ; repentance. — Shak. 

RuE (ru), n. [Sax. rude; Dan. rude; L.. It. ruta; Sp. ruaa. 
Fr. rue.] A plant of the genus ruta, of a strong, ungrate- 
ful odor, and a bitter and penetrating taste. 

RU.ED (rude), pp. Lamented ; grieved for ; regretted. 

RfjE'FUL (ru'fiil), a. [rue and full] 1. To be lamented or 
mourned. 2. Expressing sorrow. — Syn. Woi'ul ; mourn- 
ful ; sorrowful ; doleful ; lamentable ; piteous. 

ROE'FUL-LY, adv. Mournfully; sorrowfully. — More. 

RuE'FUL-NESS, n. Sorrowfulness ; mournfulness. 

ROE'iNG, n. Lamentation. — Smith. 

t RU-ELLE' (ru-el'), n. [Fr.] A circle ; a private circle or 
assembly at a private house. — Dryden. 

RU-FES'CENT, a. [L. rufesco.] Reddish ; tinged with red. 

RUFF, n. [Arm. rouffenn.] 1. A piece of plated linen worn 
by females around the neck. 2. Something puckered or 
plaited. 3. A small river fish of the perch family. 4. A 
bird of Europe and Asia, allied to the woodcock and sand- 
piper. The male has a tuft of feathers around the neck in 
the breeding season, whence the name. The female is the 
reeve. — Jardine. 5. [Sax. hrcofl] A state of roughness ; 
[obs.] — 6. Pride ; elevation. 7. A particular species of 
pigeon. 8. [D. trocfl troeven.] At cards, the act of winning 
the trick by trumping the cards of another suit. 

RUFF, v. t. 1. To ruffle ; to disorder. 2. [D. troeven.] To 
trump any other suit of cards at whist. 

RUFFED (ruft), pp. Ruffled ; disordered. 
RUF'FIAN (ruf'yan), n. [It ruffiano; Sp. rvfian ; Port 
rufiam ; D. roffiaan.] A boisterous, brutal fellow ; a fellow 
ready for any desperate crime ; a robber ; a cut-throat ; a 
murderer. — Addison. 

RUF'FIAN, a. Brutal; savagely boisterous. — Pope. 
RUF'FIAN, v. i. To play the ruffian ; to rage ; to raise tu- 
mult. — Shak._ 

RUF'FIAN-LlKE, ? a. Like a ruffian ; bold in crimes ; vio- 
RUF'FIAN-LY, 5 lent; licentious.— Fulke. 
RUF'FIAN-ISH, a. Having the qualities or manners of a 
ruffian. 
RUF'FIAN-ISM, n. The act of a ruffian. 

RUF'FLE (ruffl), v. t. [Belgic, ruyffekn.] 1. Properly, to 
wrinkle ; to draw or contract into wrinkles, open plaits, or 
folds. 2. To disorder by disturbing a smooth surface ; to 
make uneven by agitation. 3. To discompese by disturb- 
ing a calm state of; to agitate; to disturt It expresses 
less than fret and vex. 4. To throw into disorder or con- 
fusion. 5. To throw together in a disorderly manner. 6. 
To furnish with ruffles. 

RUF'FLE, v. i. 1. To grow rough or turbulent. 2. To play 
loosely ; to flutter. 3. To be rough ; to jar ; to be in con- 
tention; [obs.] 
RUF'FLE, n. 1. A strip of plaited cambric, or other fine 
cloth, attached to some border of a garment, as to the 'Frist 
band or bosom. 2. Disturbance; agitation; commi /.Ion. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.-€ as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



RU1 



870 



RUM 



RUF'FLE, In A particular beat of the drum, being a low, 
RUFF, 5 vibrating sound, not so loud as the roll, used 
on certain occasions in military affairs, as a mark of re- 
spect. 



RUF'FLE, 



v. t. To beat the ruff or ruffle of the drum. 



RUFF, 

RUFTL.ED, pp. or a. Disturbed ; agitated ; furnished with 

ruffles. 
RUF'FLE-LESS, a. Having no ruffles. 
RUF'FLE-MENT, n. Act of ruffling. 
1 RUF'FLER, n. A bully ; a swaggerer. 
IMIF'FLING, ppr. Disturbing; agitating; furnishing with 

ruffles. 
RUF'FLING, 11. Commotion; disturbance; agitation. 

iJUF'FlNG 6 ' \ PP ^ Beatin S a ro11 of the drum - 

K UF'FLING, ? n. A particular beat or roll of the drum, used 

RUF'FING, ) on certain occasions as a mark of respect. 

R'U'FOUS, a. [L. rufus; Sp. rufo.) Reddish; of a reddish 
color, or, rather, of a brownish red. — Lindley. 

I.'UF'TER-HOOD, n. In falconry, a hood to be worn by a 
hawk when she is first drawn. — Bailey. 

RUG, n. [D. raig ; G. rauch ; Sw. rugg ; Dan. rug.] 1. A 
coarse, nappy, woolen cloth used for a bed-cover, and, in 
modern times particularly, for covering the carpet before 
a fire-place. 2. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. 

RUG'-GOWNJSD, a. Wearing a coarse gown or rug 

Ru'GATE, a. Wrinkled; having alternate ridges and de- 
pressions. — Dana. 

RUGGED, a. [from the root of rug, rough, which see.] 1. 
Full of asperities on the surface ; broken into sharp or ir- 
regular points or crags, or otherwise uneven, as a road 
or country. 2. Not neat or regular. 3. Characterized by 
roughness, harshness, turbulence, as a beard.- Shak. 
Sourness or severity; as, a rugged humor; a rugged 
winter ; a rugged line in a poem ; rugged looks. 4. Shag- 
gy ; as, a rugged bear. Shak.— 5. In botany, scabrous ; 
covered with tubercles or stiff points. — Syn. Rough ; un- 
even ; wrinkled ; cragged ; coarse ; rude ; harsh ; hard ; 
crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; vio- 
lent ; boisterous ; tumultuous ; turbulent ; stormy ; tem- 
pestuous ; inclement. 

RUGGED-LY, adv, In a rough or rugged manner. 

RUG'GED-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being rug- 
ged ; roughness ; asperity of surface. 2. Roughness of 
temper ; harshness ; surliness. 3. Coarseness ; rudeness 
of manners. 4. Storminess ; boisterousness. 

\ RUGTN, n. A nappy cloth.— Wiseman. 

Ru'GlNE (ru'jeen), n. [Fr.] A surgeon's rasp. — Sharp. 

Ru'GoSE, )a. [L. rugosus.] Wrinkled; full of wrinkles. 

Ru'GOUS, j Wiseman. — 2. In botany, a leaf is said to be ru- 
gose when the veins are more contracted than the disk, so 
that the latter rises into little inequalities, as in sage, prim- 
rose, cowslip, &c. 

RU-GOS'I-TY, n. A state of being wrinkled.— Smith. [Lit- 
tle used.) 

JtUTN, n. [Fr. mine; L., Sp. ruina; It. ruina.] 1. That 
change of any thing which destroys it, or entirely defeats 
its object, or unfits it for use. 2. That which destroys ; as, 
" the errors of young men are the ruin of business." 
Bacon. — 3. Ruin, more generally ruins, the remains of a 
decayed or demolished city, house, fortress, or any work 
of art or other thing; as, the ruins of Palmyra. 4. The de- 
cayed or enfeebled remains of a natural object. 5. The 
cause of destruction. — Syn. Destruction ; downfall ; per- 
dition ; fall ; overthrow ; subversion ; defeat ; bane ; pest ; 
mischief. 

RO'IN, v. t. [Fr. miner.] 1. To demolish ; to pull down, 
burn, or otherwise destroy. 2. To subvert; to destroy. 
3. To destroy ; to bring to an end. 4. To destroy in any 
manner. 5. To counteract ; to defeat. 6. To deprive of 
felicity or fortune. 7. To impoverish. 8. To bring to 
everlasting misery. 

RO'IN, v. i. 1. To fall into ruins. 2. To run to ruin ; to fall 
into decay or be dilapidated. 3. To be reduced; to be 
brought to poverty or misery. 

i Ru'IN-aTE, v. t. To demolish ; to subvert ; to destroy ; to 
reduceto poverty. 

\ RU-IN-a'TION, n. Subversion ; overthrow ; demolition. 

R0TN.ED, pp. or a. Demolished ; destroyed ; subverted ; 
reduced to poverty ; undone. 

Ru'IN-ER, n. One who ruins or destroys. — Chapman. 

R0'IN-I-FORM, a. [L. ruina and form.) Having the appear- 
ance of ruins, or the ruins of houses. 

Ru'IN-ING. ppr. Demolishing; subverting; destroying; re- 
ducing to poverty ; bringing to endless misery. 

RuTN-OUS, a. [L. ruinosus ; Fr. ruineux.] 1. Fallen to- 
rum ; entirely gone to decay ; as, the ruinous condition of 
a structure. 2. Bringing or tending to bring certain ruin. 
3. Composed of ruins ; consisting in ruins. Is., xvii., 1. — 
Syn. Dilapidated ; decayed ; demolished ; pernicious ; de- 
structive ; baneful ; wasteful ; injurious ; mischievous. 

RuTN-OUS-LY, adv. In a ruinous manner ; destructively. 



RtJ'IN-OUS-NESS, n A ruinous state or quality. 

ROL'A-BLE, a. Subject to rule ; accordant to rule. — /?.?■ '.on 

RULE, n. [W. rheol; Arm. real; Sax. regol, reogol ; Sw.-, 
Dan., G., D. regel ; Fr. regie.) 1. Supreme command oj 
authority ; as, to bear rule. 2. That by which any thing 
is to be adjusted or regulated, or to which it is to be con- 
formed. 3. An instrument by which lines are drawn, or 
short lengths measured. 4. Established mode or course 
of proceeding prescribed in private life. 5. That which is 
established for guidance and direction in any art or science. 
— 6. In monasteries, corporations, or societies, that which L=> 
established for the direction of the society and its particu- 
lar members. — 7. In courts, rules are the determinations and 
orders of court, to be observed by its officers in conduct- 
ing the business of the court. — 8. In arithmetic and algebra, 
a determinate mode prescribed for performing any opera- 
tion and producing a certain result. — 9. In grammar, an 
established form of construction in a particular class of 
words ; or the expression of that form in words. — Rule of 
three, in arithmetic, is that which teaches how to find a 
fourth proportional number to three others which are 
given. — Syn. Government; sway; empire; control; di- 
rection ; regulation ; lav/ ; canon ; precept ; maxim ; guide ; 
order ; method. 

RULE, v. t. 1. To govern ; to control the will and actions 
of others, either by arbitrary power and authority, or by 
established laws. 2. To govern the movements of things ; 
to conduct ; to manage ; to control. 3. To manage ; to 
conduct, in almost any manner. 4. To settle as by a rule. 
5. To mark with lines by a ruler. 6. To establish by de- 
cree or decision ; to determine, as a court. 

RULE. v. i. 1. To have power or command; to exercise 
supreme authority. Ray. — 2. In law, to decide ; to lay 
down and settle, as a rule or order of court. — 3. Among 
merchants, to stand or maintain a level; as, prices rule 
lower than formerly. 

RuLiSD, pp. Governed ; controlled ; conducted ; managed ; 
established by decision. 

RuL'ER, n. One who governs, whether emperor, king, pope, 
or governor; any one who exercises supreme power over 
others. 2. One who makes or executes laws in a limited 
or free government. 3. A rule ; an instrument of wood 
or metal with straight edges or sides, by which lines are 
drawn on paper, parchment, or other substance. 

RuLTNG, ppr. 1. Having control over the will and actions 
of intelligent being3, or the movements of other physical 
bodies. 2. Marking by a ruler. 3. Deciding; determin- 
ing. 4. a. Having predominance or control; as, a ruling 
principle. — Syn. Predominant; chief; controlling; gov- 
erning; prevailing; prevalent. 

RuI/ING-LY, adv. Controllingly. 

t RuL'Y, a. [from rule.) Orderly ; easily restrained. 

RUM, n. 1. Spirit distilled from cane juice, or from the 
scummings of the juice from the boiling-house, or from 
the treacle or molasses which drains from sugar, or from 
dunder, the lees of former distillations. 2. A low, cant 
word for a country parson. — Swift. 

RUM, a. Old-fashioned ; queer ; odd. — Smart. [A cant word.) 

RUM'-BUD, n. A grog-blossom ; a redness on the nose oi 
face caused by hard drinking. — Rush. [America.] 

RUM'BLE (rum'bl), v. i. [D. rommelen; G. rummeln ; Dan. 
rumler.) To make a low, heavy, continued sound. 

RUM'BLE, n. A seat for servants behind a carriage. [En- 
gland.] 

RUM'BLER, n. The person or thing that rumbles. 

RUM'BLING, ppr or a. Making a low, heavy, continued 
sound. 

RUM'BLING, n. A low, heavy, continued sound. — Jer., xlvii 

RUM'BLING-LY, adv. In a rumbling manner. 

Ru'MEN, n. [L.] The cud of a ruminant ; also, the upper 
stomach of animals which chew the cud. 

RO'MI-NANT, a. [Fr. ; L. rumino.) Chewing the cud ; hav- 
ing the property of chewing again what has been swal- 
lowed.— Ray. 

RO'MI-NANT, n. An animal that chews the cud, as the ox, 
camel, deer, goat, &c. — Ray. 

RU-MI-NAN'TIA, n. pi. An order of herbivorous animals 
which chew again what has been slightly chewed and 
swallowed. They have four stomachs. 

RO'MI-NANT-LY, adv. By chewing. 

RO'MI-NaTE, v. i. [Fr. rummer; L. rumino.] 1. To chew 
the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed 
and swallowed. 2. To muse ; to meditate ; to think again 
and again ; to ponder. 

RO'MI-NITE, v. t. 1. To chew over again. 2. To muse on 
to meditate over and over again.— Dry den. 

Ru'MI-NITE, fa. In boto.ny, pierced [by numerous nar 

RO'MI-Na-TED, S row cavities full of dry, cellular matter 
like the albumen of a nutmeg. — Lindley. 

RO'MI-Na-TED, pp. Chewed again ; mused on. 

Ru'MI-Na-TING, ppr. or a. Chewing the cud ; musing. 

RU-MI-Na'TION, n. [L. ruminatio.) 1. The act of chewing 
the cud. 2. The power or property of chewing the cud 



See Synopsis a, K, I, &c, long.— a, E, 1 &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



RUN 



871 



RUN 



3 A. musing o. continued thinking on a subject; deli oer- 
Hte meditation or reflection. 

Ru'MI-Na-TOR, n. One who ruminates or muses on any- 
subject ; one who pauses to deliberate and consider. 

RUM'MA(iE, n. A searching carefully by looking into every 
corner, and by tumbling over things. 

RUM'MAgE, v. t. [qu. L. rimor, or Fr. remuer.] To search 
narrowly by looking into every comer and turning over 
or removing goods or other things. — -Dryden. 

RUM'MAGE, v. i. To search a place narrowly by looking 
among things. — Swift. 

RUM'MAGi?D, pp. Searched in every corner. 

RUM'MA-GING, ppr. Searching in every corner. 
RUM'MER, n. [D. roemer.] A glass or drinking cup. 

Ru'MOR, n. [L.] 1. Flying or popular report; a current 
story passing from one person to another, without any 
known authority for the truth of it. 2. Report of a fact ; 
a story well authorized. 3. Fame ; reported celebrity. 

Ru'MOR, v. t. To report ; to tell or circulate a report. 

Ru'MOR£D, pp. or a. Told among the people ; reported. 

Ru'MOR-ER, ra. A reporter ; a teller of nev/s. — Shah. 

Ru'MOR-ING,£p7\ Reporting; telling of news. 

f RU'MOR-OUS, a. Famous ; notorious.— Bale. 

RUMP, n. [G. rumpf; Sw. rumpa; Dan. rumpe or rompe.] 

1. The end of the backbone of an animal with the parts 
adjacent. 2. The buttocks. Rump Parliament, in English 
history, a name of contempt given to the remnant of the 
Long Parliament, which, in 1659, after Richard Cromwell 
had resigned the protectorate, was assembled by a coun- 
cil of officers. One who had been a member of this par- 
liament, or who favored it, was called a rumper. — Brande. 

RUM'PLE (rum'pl), v. t. [D. rompelen.] To wrinkle; to 
make uneven ; to form into irregular inequalities. 

RUM'PLE, n. A fold or plait.— Dryden. 

RUM'PL£D, pp. Formed into irregular wrinkles or folds. 

RUMP'LESS, a. Destitute of a tail.— Lawrence. 

RUM'PLING, ppr. Making uneven. 

RUM'PUS, n. A disturbance ; noise and confusion. [Low, 
but used colloquially in England and America.] 

RUN, v. i. ; pret. ran or run ; pp. run. [Sax. rennan ; Goth. 
rinnan ; D. rennen ; G. rennen, rinnen.] 1. To move or 
pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels. 

2. To move or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity, 
by leaps, or long, quick steps. 3. To use the legs in mov- 
ing ; to step ; as, to run alone. 4. To move in a hurry. 
5. To proceed along the surface ; to extend ; to spread, as 
a fire. 6. To rush with violence. 7. To perform a pass- 
age by land or water ; to pass or go, as ships, stage-coach- 
es, &c. 8. To contend in a race. 9. To flee for escape. 
10. To depart privately ; to steal away ; as, to run from a 
master. — Shak. 11. To flow in any manner, slowly or 
rapidly ; to move or pass, as a fluid. 12. To emit ; to let 
flow ; as, " rivers run potable gold." — Milton. 13. To be 
liquid or fluid, as ice. 14. To be fusible ; to melt, as an 
ore. 15. To fuse ; to melt, as a metal. 16. To turn, as a 
spindle or wheel. 17. To pass; to proceed. 18. To flow, 
as words, language, or periods. 19. To pass, as time. 20. 
To have a legal course ; to be attached to ; to have legal 
effect, as interest on a debt. 21. To have a course or di- 
rection. 22. To pass in thought, speech, or practice, as 
from subject to subject. 23. To be mentioned cursorily 
or in few words. 24. To have a continued tenor or course, 
as discourse. 25. To be in motion ; to speak incessantly, 
as one's tongue. 26. To be busied ; to dwell, as the mind. 
27. To be popularly known ; as, to run by a name. — Tem- 
ple. 28. To be received; to have reception, success, or 
continuance, as a pamphlet. — Johnson. 29. To proceed in 
succession. 30. To pass from one state or condition to 
another ; as, to run distracted. 31. To proceed in a train 
of conduct. 32. To be in force, as a law. — Bacon. 33. To 
be generally received, as a report. — Knolles. 34. To be 
carried ; to extend ; to rise ; as, a controversy runs high. 
35. To have a track or course. 36. To extend ; to lie in 
continued length, as a vein of ore. 37. To have a certain 
direction. 38. To pass in an orbit of any figure, as a heav- 
enly body. 39. To tend in growth or progress ; as, to run 
to weeds. 40. To grow exuberantly; as, a vegetable runs 
to leaves. — Mortimer. 41. To discharge pus or other mat- 
ter, as a sore. 42. To reach; to extend to the remem- 
brance of; as, the memory of man runneth not to the con- 
trary. 43. To continue in time, before it becomes due 
and payable, as a note of hand. 44. To continue in effect, 
force, or operation, as a statute. — Wheaton's Rep. 45. To 
press with numerous demands of payment. 46. To pass 
or fall into fault, vice, or misfortune. 47. To fall or pass 
by gradual changes ; to make a transition ; as, colors run 
into one another. — Watts. 48. To have a general tenden- 
cy. 49. To proceed as on a ground or principle ; as, upon 
that the argument runs. — Atterbury ; [rare.] 50. To pass 
or proceed in conduct or management. 51. To creep ; to 
move by creeping or crawling, as a snake or vine. 52. To 
elide, as a sledge or sled. 53. To dart ; to shoot, as a me- 
teor. 54. To fly ; to move in the air, as cl< mds.— 55. In 



Scripture, to pursue or practice the duties of religion. Gat. 
v., 7. — 56. In elections, to have interest or favor ; to bo sup 
ported by votes, as a candidate for office. 
To run after. 1. To pursue or follow. 2. To search for ; to 
endeavor to find or obtain.— To run at, to attack with the 
horns, as a bull.— To run away, to flee ; to escape. — To run 
away with. 1. To hurry without deliberation. 2. To con- 
vey away, or to assist in escape or elopement. — To run in, 
to enter; to step in.— To run into, to enter.— To run in 
trust, to run in debt ; to get credit ; [obs.]— To run in with. 

1. To close ; to comply ; to agree with ; [unusual] 2. To 
make toward ; to near ; to sail close to. — To run down a 
coast, to sail along it. — To run on. 1. To be continued. 

2. To talk incessantly. 3. To continue a course. 4. To 
press with jokes or ridicule ; to abuse with sarcasms ; to 
bear hard on. — To run over, to overflow. — To run out. 1 
To come to an end ; to expire. 2. To spread exuberantly 

3. To expatiate. 4. To be wasted or exhausted. 5. To 
become poor by extravagance. To run riot, to go to the 
utmost excess. — To run up, to rise ; to swell ; to amount. 

RUN, v. t. 1. To drive or push ; [in a general sense.] 2. To 
drive ; to force. 3. To cause to be driven. 4. To melt 
to fuse. 5. To incur ; to encounter ; to run the risk or 
hazard of losing one's property. 6. To venture ; to haz- 
ard. 7. To smuggle ; to import or export without pay 
ing the duties required by law. 8. To pursue in thought ; 
to carry in contemplation. 9. To push ; to thrust. 10. 
To ascertain and mark by metes and bounds. 11. To 
cause to ply ; to maintain in running or passing. 12. To 
cause to pass. 13. To found ; to shape, form, or make in 
a mold ; to cast 

To run down. 1. In hunting, to chase to weariness. — 2. In 
navigation, to run down a vessel, is to run against her, end 
on, and sink her. 3. To crush ; to overthrow ; to over- 
bear. — To run hard. 1. To press with jokes, sarcasm, or 
ridicule. 2. To urge or press importunately. — To run 
ever. 1. To recount in a cursory manner ; to narrate 
hastily. 2. To consider cursorily. 3. To pass the eye 
over hastily. — To run out. 1. To thrust or pu^h out ; to 
extend. 2. To waste; to exhaust. — To run through, to 
expend ; to waste. — To run up. 1. To increase ; to en- 
large by additions. 2. To thrust up, as any thing long ana 
slender. 

RUN, n. 1. The act of running. 2. Course ; motion. 3. 
Flow. 4. Course ; process : continued series. 5. Way ; 
will ; uncontrolled course. 6. General reception ; contin- 
ued success. 7. Modish or popular clamor. 8. A general 
or uncommon pressure on a bank or treasury for payment 
of its notes. 9. The aftmost part of a ship's bottom. 10. 
The distance sailed by a ship. 11. A voyage ; also, on 
agreement among sailors to work a passage from one place 
to another. 12. A pair of millstones. 13. Prevalence. — 
14. In America, a small stream ; a brook. — In the long run 
[at the long run not so generally used] signifies the whole 
process or course of things taken together ; in the final re- 
sult; in the conclusion or end. — The run of mankind, the 
generality of people. 

RUN'A-GaTE, n. [Fr. runagat.] A fugitive ; an apostate ; 
a rebel ; a vagabond. — Sidney. 

RUN'A-WaY, n. [run and away.] One who flies from dan- 
ger or restraint ; one who deserts lawful service ; a fugi 
tive. — Shak. 

t RUN-CI'TION, n. [L. runcatio.] A weeding.— Evelyn. 

RUN'CI-NATE, a. [L. runcina, a saw.] In botany, a runci- 
nate leaf is a sort of pinnatifid leaf, with the lobes convex 
before and straight behind, like the teeth of a double saw 
as in the dandelion. 

RUN'DLE (run'dl), n. [from round, G. rund.] 1. A round ; 
a step of a ladder. — Duppa. 2. Something put round an 
axis ; a peritrochium. 

RUND'LET, \ a. [from round.] A small barrel holding from 

RUNLET, 5 3 to 20 gallons.— En eye. 

RuNE, n. The Runic letter or character.— Temple. Set 
Runic. 

Ru'NER, n. A bard or learned man among the ancient 
Goths. — Temple. See Runic. 

RONES, n. pi. Gothic characters, poetry, or rhymes. - 
Temple. 

RUNG, pret. and pp. of ring. 

RUNG, n. A floor-timber in a ship, whence the upper end 
is called a rung-head. — Mar. Diet. 

Ru'NIC, a. [W. "rhin ; Ir. run ; Goth, runa ; Sax. run.] An 
epithet applied to the language and letters of the ancient 
Goths. 

RUN'LET, n. 1. A little run or stream ; a brook. 2. See 
Rundlkt. 

t RUN'NEL, n. A rivulet or small brook. — Fairfax. 

RUN'NER, n. 1. One who runs ; that which runs. 2. A 
racer. 3. A messenger. 4. A thread-like stem, running 
along the ground, as" in the strawberry, and taking root 
5. One of the stones of a mill. 6. A bird. 7. A rope used 
to increase the power of a tackle. 8. A support of a sleigh 
or sled. 



D6VE :—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"C IOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



KUS 



872 



RUT 



RUNLET, n. [D. runzel ; G. rinnen ; Sax. gerunnen. It is 
also written rennet, which see.] The prepared stomach 
or the coagulated milk found in the stomachs of calves or 
other sucking quadrupeds. 
RUN'NING, ppr. 1. Moving or going with rapidity ; flowing. 
2. a. Kept for the race. — Law. 3. In succession ; without 
any intervening day, year, &c. 4. Discharging pus or 
other matter. 
[{ UN'NING, n. 1. The act of running or passing with speed. 
2. That which runs or flows. 3. The discharge of an ulcer 
or other sore. 
RUN'NING-FIGHT (-fite), n. A battle in which one party 
flees and the other pursues, but the party fleeing keeps up 
the contest. 
I! UN'NING-FiRE, n. A term used when troops tire rapidly 

in succession. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 
RUN'NING-RIG'GING. n. See Rigging. 
RUN'NING-TI'TLE, n. In printing, the title of a book that 

is continued from page to page on the upper margin. 
RUNN'ION, it. [Fr. roguer.] A paltry, scurvy wretch. 
HUNT, n. [D. rund.] Any animal small below the natural 

or usual size of the species. 
RU-PEE', it. [Pors.] An East Indian coin and money of ac- 
count. The current silver rupee is valued at 2s. sterling, 
or 46 cents ; the sicca rupee of account at 2s. 6d., or 58 
cents ; the gold rupee at 29s. 2d., or nearly 7 dollars. — 
M'Culloch. 
RUP'TION, n. [L. ruptio.] Breach ; a break or bursting 

open. — Wiseman. 
RUPTURE (rupfyur), n. [Fr. ; L. ruptus.} 1. The act of 
breaking or bursting ; the state of being broken or vio- 
lently parted. 2. Hernia ; a preternatural protrusion of 
the contents of the abdomen. 3. Interruption of peace or 
concord, either between individuals or nations ; between 
nations, open hostility or war. — Syn. Breach ; break ; 
burst; disruption; dissolution. 
RUPTURE, v. t. To break ; to burst ; to part by violence. 
RUPTURE, v. i. To suffer a breach or disruption. 
RUPTURE-W(")RT, n. A plant of the genus hcrniaria, and 

another of the genus linum. 
RUPTURED, pp. or a, Broken ; burst. 
RUPTUR-ING, ppr. Breaking ; bursting. 
Ru'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. ruralis.] 1. Pertaining or belonging 
to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; suit- 
ing the country, or resembling it ; rustic. — Sidney. 2. Per- 
taining tofarming or agriculture ; as, rural economy. 
Ru'RAL DeAN, n. An ecclesiastic who had the care and 
inspection of a deanery, or subdivision of an archdeaconry, 
under the direction of the bishop. The office has, to a 
great extent, fallen into disuse. — P. Cyc. 
RfJ'RAL-IST, n. One who leads a rural life. — Coventry. 
Ru'RAL-LY, adv. As in the country. — Wakefield. 
Ru'RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being rural. — Diet. 
f RU-RIG'O-LIST, n. [L. ruricola.] An inhabitant of the 

country. — Diet. 
\ RU-RIA'EN-OUS, a. [L. rus.] Born in the country. 
RuSE, n. [Fr.] Artifice ; trick ; stratagem ; wile ; fraud ; 

deceit. — Ray. 
RUSE DE GUERRE' (ruze de gar^- n. [Fr.] A stratagem 

of war. 
RUSH, n. r Sax. rics or rise ; L. ruscus.\ 1. A plant grow- 
ing mostly in wet ground. Some species are used in bot- 
toming chairs, plaiting mats, making rush-candles, &c. 
2. Any thing proverbially worthless or of trivial value. 
RUSH, v. i. [Sax. reosan, hreosan, or rasan ; Sw. rusa ; Ger. 
rauschen; D. ruischen.] 1. To move or drive forward 
with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity. 2. 
To enter with undue eagerness, or without due delibera- 
tion and preparation, 
f^ RUSH, v. t. To push forward with violence. 
RUSH, n. A driving forward with eagerness and haste ; a 

violent motion or course. 
RUSH-BOTTOMED, a. Having a bottom made with 

rushes. — Irving. 

RUSH'-GAN-DLE, n. A small, blinking taper, made by 

stripping a rush, except one small strip of the bark, which 

holds the pith together, and dipping it in tallow. — Johnson. 

RUSH-LIGHT (-lite), n. 1. The light of a rush-candle ; a 

small, feeble light. 2. A rush-candle. 
RUSH'-LlKE, a. Resembling a rush ; weak. 
RUSHED (rusht). 1. Pret. of rush. See the verb. 2. a. 

Abounding with rushes. — Warton. 
RUSH'ER, n. 1. One who rushes forward. — Whitlock. 2. 
One who formerly strewed rushes on the floor at dances. 
RUSH'I-NESS, n. The state of abounding with rushes. 
RUSHING, ppr. Moving forward with impetuosity. 
RUSHING, n. A violent driving cf any thing ; rapid or tu 

multuous course. — Isa., xvii. 
RUSH'Y, a. L Abounding with rushes. 2. Made of rushes. 
RUSK, n. LA kind of light cake. 2. Hard bread for stores. 
RUS'MA, n. A brown and light iron substance, with half 
as much quicklime steeped in water, of which the Turk- 
ish women make their psilothron to take off their hair. 



RuSS, a. [Sw. ryss.] Pertaining to the Russ or Russians 

RuSS, n. The language of the Russ or Russians. 

RUS'SET, a. [Fr. roux, rousse ; It rosso; Sp. roso, roxa 
L. russus.] 1. Of a reddish-brown color. 2. Coarse 
homespun ; rustic. [Russety is but little used.] 

RUS'SET, n. A country dress. — Dryden. 

RUS'SET, \n. A kind of apple, of a russet color and 

RUS'SET-ING, 5 rough skin. 

RUS'SET- Y, a. Of a russet color. 

RuS'SIA LEATHER (ru'sha or rush'a lefh'er), n. A soft 
kind of leather, made in Russia. It is curried with the 
empyreumatic oil of birch bark, and, being proof against 
insects, and not subject to mold, is much used in book- 
binding. — lire. 

RuS'SIAN (ru'shan. This has, till of late, been the universal 
pronunciation, but in London rush'an has now become 
prevalent. — Smart), a. Pertaining to Russia. 

RuS'SIAN (ru'shan or rush'an), n. A native of Russia. 

RUST, n. [Sax. rust ; D. roest ; Ger., Sw. rosi ; Dan. rust.] 

1. The red or orange-colored coating on irou exposed to 
moist air ; an oxyd of iron, which forms a rough coat on 
its surface. The term is sometimes applied to any metal- 
lic oxyd. 2. Loss of power by inactivity, «s metals lose 
their brightness and smoothness when not used. 3. Any 
foul matter contracted. 4. Foul, extraneous matter. 5. A 
disease in grain, a kind of dust which gathers on the stalks 
and leaves ; in reality, a parasitic fungus or mushroom. 

RUST, v. i. [Sax. rustian; W. rhydu.] 1. To contract rust, 
to be oxydized and contract a roughness on the surface 

2. To degenerate in idleness ; to become dull by inaction. 

3. To gather dust or extraneous matter. 

RUST, v. t. 1. To cause to contract rust. 2. To impair by 
time and inactivity. 

RUST'-C6L-OR£ D (-kul-lurd), a. Having the color of iror 
rust. 

RUSTED, pp. Affected with rust. 

RUS'TIG, n. An inhabitant of the country. — Syn. Country 
man ; swain ; peasant ; hind ; bumpkin ; clown. 

RUS'TIG, \ a. [L. rusticus.] 1. Pertaining to the coun- 

RUSTIG-AL, > try ; rural. 2. Characterized by rudeness 
plainness, or simplicity ; as, a rustic people ; a rustic dwell- 
ing; a rustic dance; rustic virtue. — 3. In architecture, a 
term denoting a kind of masonry, the joints of which are 
worked with" grooves or channels, to render them con- 
spicuous. The surface of the work is sometimes rough, 
and sometimes even or smooth. Gloss, of Ar chit. — Syn 
Rural ; country ; rude ; unpolished ; inelegant ; untaught 
awkward ; rough ; coarse ; plain ; unadorned ; simple 
artless ; honest. 

RUSTIC-LOOK-ING, a. Appearing to be rustic. 

RUSTIC-AL-LY, adv. Rudely; coarsely; without refine 
ment or elegance. — Dryden. 

RUSTIG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being rustical ; rude- 
ness ; coarseness ; want of refinement. 

RUSTIG-aTE, v. i. [L. rusticor.] To dwell or reside in the 
country. — Pope. 

RUSTIG-aTE, v. t. To compel to reside in the country 
to banish from a town or college for a time. 

RUSTIG-a-TED, pp. 1. Compelled to reside in the coun- 
try. — 2. a. In architecture, having the character of rustic 
work. 

RUSTIG-i-TING, ppr. Compelling to reside in the country. 

RUS-TIG-A'TION, n. 1. Residence in the country.— 2. In 
universities and colleges, the punishment of a student for 
some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution 
and reside for a time in the country. 

RUSTICITY (rus-tis'e-te), n. [L. rusticitas ; Fr. rusticiti } 
The qualities ot a countryman ; rustic manners ; rudeness 
coarseness ; simplicity ; artlessness. — Addison. 

RUST'I-LY, adv. In a rusty state.— Sidney. 

RUST'I-NESS, n. [from rusty.] The state of being rusty 

RUSTING, ppr. Contracting rust; causing to rust. 

RUSTLE (rusT), v. i. [Sax. hristlan ; Ger. rasseln; Svr.ross 
la.] To make a quick succession of small sounds, like 
the rubbing of silk cloth or dry leaves. 

RUSTLER, n. One who rustles. 

RUSTLING (rusling), ppr. or a. Making the sound of silk 
cloth when rubbed. 

RUSTLING, n. A quick succession of small sounds, as a 
brushing among dry leaves or straw. 

RUSTY, a. 1. Covered or affected with rust. 2. Dull ; im 
paired by inaction or neglect of use. 3. Surly ; morose. 
4. Covered with foul or extraneous matter ; as, rusts 
bacon. 

RUT, n. [Fr. rut ; Arm. rut] The copulation of deer. 

RUT, v. i. To lust, as deer. 

RUT, v. t. 1. To cut or penetrate in ruts, as roads. 2. To 
cut a line on the 6oil with a spade. — Gardner. 3. To cov- 
er.—~Dryden. 

RUT, n. [It. rotaia ; L. rota-] The track of a wheel. 

RU'TA Ba'GA, n. The Swedish turnip. 

t ROTH, n. [from rue.] 1. Mercy ; pity • tenderness ; sor 
row for the miserv of another. 2. Misery ; sorrow. 



' See ?v».apsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— xMoVE, BOOK. 



SAL 



873 



SAC 



ROTH'FUL, a. 1. Rueful; woeful; sorrowful. 2. Merci- 
ful. 

« RuTH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Woefully ; sadly. — Knolles. 2. 
Sorrowfully ; mournfully. — Spenser. 

ROTH'LESS, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; barbarous ; insensible to 
the miseries of others. — Pope. 

RuTH'LESS-LY, adv. Without pity ; cruelly ; barbarously. 

RuTH'LESS-NESS, n. Want of compassion ; insensibility 
to the distresses of others. 

Ru'TIL, > n. An ore of titanium, of a reddish-brown color, 

Ru'TILE, 5 sometimes passing into red.— Dana. 

Ru'Tl-LANT, a. [L. rutilans, rutilo.) Shining. — Evelyn. 

' Ru'TI-LaTE, v. i. [L. rutilo.] To shine ; to emit rays of 
light— Ure. 

RUTTED, pp. Cut or penetrated in ruts. See the verbs. 

' RUTTER, n. [Ger. reiter ; D. ruiter.] A horseman or 
trooper. 

! RUTTER-KIN, n. A word of contempt ; an old, crafty 
fox or beguiler. 

\ RUTTI-ER, n. [Fr. routier, from route.] Direction of the 
road or course at sea ; an old traveler acquainted with 
roads ; an old soldier. — Cotgrave. 

RUTTING, ppr. or a. Copulating or breeding. See the 
verbs. 

RUTT[SH, a. [from rut.] Lustful ; libidinous.— Shak. 

RUT'TISH-NESS, n. The state or quality of being ruttish. 

RUT'TLE, for rattle.— Burnet. [Not much used.] 

RY-ACO-LlTE, n. [Gr. faal, and \idos-] A species of glassy 
feldspar. — Dana. 

RY'AL, n. A coin. See Rial. 

Ry'DER, n. A clause added to a bill in Parliament. 

RYE (ri), n. [Sax. ryge; D. rogge; Ger. rocken; Dan. rog 
or rug ; Sw. rag or rog ; W. rhyg.] 1. An esculent grain, 
of the genus secale, of a quality inferior to wheat, but more 
hardy, and much cultivated. 2. A disease in a hawk. 

RyE'-GRaSS, n. A popular name of lolium perenne, a sjrass- 
like plant, which is sometimes cultivated for cattle in En- 
gland ; also, of hordeum murinum, a species of barley. 

ftY'OT, n. In Hindostan, a peasant or cultivator of the soil. 



S. 



O the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a sibi- 

Uj lant articulation, and numbered among the semi-vowels. 
It represents the hissing made by driving the breath be- 
tween the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, 
just above the upper teeth. It has two uses : one to ex- 
press a mere hissing, as in sabbath, sack, sin, this, thus ; the 
other a vocal hissing, precisely like that of z, as in muse, 
wise, pronounced muze, wize. It generally has its hissing 
sound at the beginning of all proper English words, but in 
the middle and end of words its sound is to be known 
only by usage. In a few words, it is silent, as in isle and 
viscount. 

As a numeral, S. denoted seven. — In books of navigation and 
in common usage, S. stands for south ; S. E. for southeast ; 
S. W. for southwest ; S. S. E. for south southeast ; S. S. W. 
for south southwest, &c. 

Sa'BA-ISM. See Sabianism. 

* SAB'A-OTH, n. [Heb. rfiXi£> armies.] Armies ; a word 
used, Rom., ix., 29 ; James, v., 4, " the Lord of Sabaoth." 

SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, n. [from sabbath.] 1. One who regards 
the seventh day of the week as holy, agreeably to the let- 
ter of the fourth commandment in the decalogue. There 
were Christians in the early Church who held this opinion ; 
and one sect of Baptists, commonly called Seventh-day 
Baptists.do so now. 2. A strict observer of the sabbath. 

SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Sabbath, or to the 
tenets of Sabbatarians. — Murdoch 

SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Sabbatarians. 

SAB'BATH, n. [Heb. ftx®, rest ; L. sabbatum.] 1. The day 
which God appointed to be observed as a day of rest from 
all secular labor or employments, and to be kept holy and 
consecrated to his service and worship. Sunday is the 
Christian Sabbath or Lord's day; Saturday the Jewish 
Sabbath. Sunday is the mere name of the day ; Sabbath is 
the name of the institution. 2. Intel .mission of pain or 
sorrow ; time of rest. 3. The Sabbatical year among the 
Israelites. — Lev., xxv. 

SAB'BATH-BREaK-ER, n. [Sabbath and break.] One who 
profanes the Sabbath by violating the laws of God or man, 
which enjoin the religious observance of that day. 

SAB'BATH-BREIK-ING, n. A profanation of the Sabbath 
by violating the injunction of the fourth commandment, 
or the municipal laws of a state which require the ob- 
servance of that day as holy time. 

SAB'BATH-LESS, a. Without intermission of labor.— 
Bacon. 

BAB-BAT'IC, \ a. [Fr. sabbatique ; L. sabbaticus.] 1. Per- 

8AB-BAT'I€-AL, j taining to the Sabbath. 2. Resembling 
the Sabbath ; enjoying or bringing an intermission of la- 



bor.— Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy, was every 
seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded Ut 
suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage 

SAB'BA-TISM, n. Rest; intermission of labor. 

SA-Be'AN. See Sab i an. 

Sa'BE-ISM, n. The same a3 Sabianism.— D' Anville. 

SA-BELL'IAN, a. Pertaining to the heresy of Sabcllius. 

SA-BELL'IAN, n. A follower of Sabcllius, a presbyter of 
Ptolemais, in the third century, who maintained that there 
is but one person in the Godhead, and that the Son and the 
Holy Spirit are only different powers, operations, or offices 
of the one God. the Father. — Murdoch. 

SA-BELL'IAN-ISM, ri. The doctrines or tenets of Sabcllius. 
—Barrow. See Sabellian, n. 

Sa'BER, \n. [Fr. sabre.] A sword or cimiter with a broad 

Sa'BRE, j and heavy blade, thick at the back, and a little 
curved backward at the point ; a falchion.— Sabre-tasche 
(-tash). [G. tasche.] A leathern case or pocket, worn by a 
cavalry officer at the left side, suspended from the sword- 
belt. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

S 1 'BP e' ( v ' *" ^° str ^ iC > cut > or k^l y/itb. a saber. 



Struck or killed with a saber. 



Sa'BERED, 
Sa'BR£D, S P P- 

li'BRlNC? °' \ ppr - Str0dn S or killin o with a saber - 
Sa'BI-AN, ? a. Pertaining to Saba, in Arabia, celebrated foi 
SA-Be'AN, > producing aromatic plants. 

Sa'BI-AN, a. [Heb. N^^.] The Sabian worship or religion 
consisted in the worship of the sun and other heavenly 
_bodies. 

Sa'BI-AN, n. A worshiper of the sun. 

Sa'BI-AN-ISM, ri. That species of idolatry which consisted 
in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars. 

SAB'INE, n. A plant ; usually written savin, which see. 

SABINE, n. A small fish, which is sometimes preserved In 
oil for food. 

Sa'BLE (salDl), n. [Russ. sobol; G. zobel; Sw., Dan., D, 
sabel; Fr. zibeline.] 1. A small carnivorous quadruped of 
the weasel family, the mustela or martes zibelliua, found in 
high northern latitudes. Its fur, which consists of three 
coats, is valued in proportion as the upper or outer coat is 
abundant, black, and glossy. 2. The fur of the sable. 

Sa'BLE, a. [Fr.] Black ; dark ; used chiefly in poetry or in 
heraldry. 

Sa'BLE-SToLjBD, a. Wearing a sable-stole or vestment- • 
Milton. 

SAB'LlKRE (sableer), n. [Fr.] 1. A sand-pit; [little used.> 
2. In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick 
as a team. — Gwilt ; [obs.] 

Si-Bo a' (sa-bo'), n. [Fr. sabot ; Sp. zapato.] A wooden shoe 
— Bramhall. [Not English.] 

Sa'BRE. See Saber. 

SAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Sandiness ; grittiness. 

SAB'U-LOUS, a. [L. sabulosus.] Sandy ; gritty. 

SAC, n. [Sax. sac, saca. sace. or sacu.] 1. In English law, 
the privilege enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding 
courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. — 2. In natural 
history, a bag or receptacle for a liquid. See Sack. 

Sa'CAR. See Saker. 

SAC-CaDE', n. [Fr.] A sudden, violent check of a horse 
by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with 
one pull. 

SACCATE, a. [L. saccus.] In botany, having the form of a 
bag ; furnished with a bag, as a petal, &c. 

SAC-CHAR'IC ACID, n. An uncrystallized acid product 
formed along with oxalic during the action of nitric acid 
on sugar. — Brande. 

SAC-CHA-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [1,. saccharum.] Producing sugar. 

SA€-€HAR'I-FY, v. t. To convert into sugar. 

SACCHA-RlNE, a. [Gr. cukx<'P ; L- saccharum.] Pertain- 
ing to sugar ; having tho qualities of sugar. 

SAC'CHA-ROID, \a. [Gr. oaicx^p and eiSoS.] Having 

SAC-CHA-ROIDAL, > a texture like that of loaf-sugar ; 
most commonly, but not always, loaf-sugar. 

SAC-CHA-ROM'E-TER, n. An instrument for determining 
the quantity of saccharine matter in a liquid, as worts, &c. 

SAC-CHO-LAC'TIC, a. [L. saccharum.] A term in chemis- 
try, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk. 

SAC-CHO-LAC'TATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by th<> 
union of the saccholactic acid with a base. 

SACCULE, n. A little rack. 

SAC-ER-Do'TAL, a. [L. sacerdotalis.] Pertaining to priests 
or the priesthood ; inicstiy.—Sullingflcet. 

SAC-ER-DO'TAL-ISM, n. The spirit of the priesthood. 

SAC-ER-Do'TAL-LY, adv. In a sacerdotal manner. 

SACH'EL, n. [L. saccidus.] A small sack or bag; a bag in 
which lawyers and children carry papers and books. 

Sa'CHEM, n. In America, a chief among some of the native 
Indian tribes. See Sagamore. 

Sa'CHEM-D6M, n. The government or jurisdiction of a 
sachem. — Dwight. 

SACK, n. [Sax. scec, sacc ; D. zak, sek ; G. sack ; lr. sac 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SAC 



874 



SAD 



* Arm. sack; Fr. sac] 1. A bag, usually a large cloth bag, 
used for holding and conveying corn, small wares, wool, 
cotton, hops, and the like. A sack of wool, in commerce, 
contains 3(51 pounds. 2. The measure of three bushels. — 
Johnson. 

SACK, n. [Fr. sec, secke.] 1. A Spanish wine of the dry 
kind, supposed to be sherry. — Shah.— P. Cyc. 2. The name 
. is now applied to a kind of sweet wine.— P. Cyc. 

SACK, n. [L. sagum.] 1. Among our rude ancestors, a kind 
of cloak of a square form. 2. A loose body garment worn 
by women, and also by man. 

SACK, v. t. To put in a sack or in bags. — Betterton. 

SACK, v. t. [Arm. sacqa ; Ir. sackam ; Sp., Port, saquear.] To 
plunder or pillage, as a town or city. 

SACK, n. The pillage or plunder of a town or city ; or the 
storm and plunder of a town. 

SACK-POS'SET, n. [sack and posset.] A posset made of 
sack, milk, and some other ingredients.- -Swift. 

SACK'AdE, n. The act of taking by storm and pillaging. 

SACK'BUT, n. [Sp. sacabuche ; Port, sacabuxa or saquebuxo ; 
Fr. saquebute.] A wind instrument of music : a kind of 
trumpet, said to be the same as the trombone. 

SACK'CLOTH, n. [sack and cloth.] Cloth of which sacks 
are made ; coarse cloth. 

SACK/CLOTHED, a. Clothed in sackcloth.— Hall. 

SACKED (sakt), pp. Pillaged ; stormed and plundered. 

SACK'ER, n. One who takes a town or plunders it. 

SAGK'FUL, n. A full sack or bag.— Swift. 

SACKING, ppr. Taking by assault and plundering. 

SACKING, n. The act of taking by storm and pillaging. 

SACK'ING, n. [Sax. sceccing.] 1. Cloth of which sacks or 
bags are made. 2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to 
a bedstead for supporting the bed. 

SACK'LESS, a. [Sax. sacleas.] Quiet; peaceable; not 
quarrelsome ; harmless ; innocent. [Local.] 

SAG'RA-MENT, n. [Fr. sacrement ; It., Sp. Sacramento ; L. 
sacramentum.] 1. Among ancient Christian writers, a mys- 
tery ; [obs.] 2. An oath ; a ceremony producing an obli- 
gation ; [obs.] — 3. In present usage, an outward and visible 
sign of an inward and spiritual grace ; a solemn religious 
ordinance enjoined by Christ to be observed by his follow- 
ers. The Roman Catholic and Greek Churches have long 
held to seven sacraments, viz., baptism, confirmation, the 
eucharist, penance, extreme unction, holy orders, and 
matrimony. The Protestants maintain that there are only 
two sacraments, viz., baptism, and the eucharist or Lord's 
Supper. — Sacrament, when used without any qualifying 
term, denotes the eucharist or Lord's Supper. 

i SAG'RA-MENT, v. t. To bind by an oath.— Laud. 

SAC-RA-MENTAL, a. 1. Constituting a sacrament, or per- 
taining to it. 2. Bound by oath ; as. the sacramental host. 

SAC-RA-MENTAL, n. That which relates to a sacrament. 

SAC-RA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a sacra- 
ment. — Hall. 

SAC-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who rejects both the 
Roman Catholic and the Lutheran doctrine of the real 
presence of Christ's body or blood in the sacrament of the 
Lord's Supper. — Murdoch. 

SAC-RA-MENT'A-RY, n. 1. An ancient book of the Roman 
Catholic Church, containing the prayers and ceremonies 
made use of in the celebration of the sacraments. 2. A 
sacramentarian ; a name of reproach formerly given to 
Protestants by Roman Catholics. 

SAC-RA-MENTA-RY, \a. Pertaining to the sacrament 

SAC-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, 5 of the Lord's Supper, or to the 
sacramentarians. — Murdoch. 

SA-€Ra'RI-UM, n. [L.] A sort of family chapel in the 
houses of the Romans, devoted to some particular divinity. 
Elmes. 

fSA'CRXTE, v. t. [L. sacro.] To consecrate; to dedicate. 

SA'CRE. See Saker. 

Sa'CRED, a. [Fr. sacre; Sp., It., Port, sacro; L. sacer.] 1. 
Pertaining to God or to his worship ; separated from com- 
mon secular uses and consecrated to God and his service. 
2. Proceeding from God, and containing religious precepts ; 
as, the sacred Volume. 3. Narrating or writing facts re- 
specting God and holy things ; as, the sacred penmen. 4. 
Relating to religion or the worship of God ; used for relig- 
ious purposes. 5. Set apart to some one for worship or 
honor: with to ; as, a temple sacred to Venus. 6. Entitled 
to reverence ; as, the sacred name of saint. — Cowley. 7. 
Inviolable, as if appropriated to a superior being; as, to 
hold rr keep sacred. — Syn. Holy ; divine ; hallowed ; con- 
secrated ; dedicated ; devoted ; religious ; venerable ; rev- 
erend. 

Sa'€RED-LY. adv. 1. Religiously ; with due reverence, as 
of something holy or consecrated to God. 2. Inviolably ; 
_etrictly. 

Sa'CRED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sacred or conse- 
crated to God, to his worship, or to religious uses ; holi- 
ness ; sanctity. 2. Inviolableness. 

SA-CRIF'IC, \a. \L. sacrificusA Employed in sacrifice. 

SA-CRIF'IC-AL, $ Johnson. 



t SA-CRIF'IC-A-BLE, a. Capable of being offered in aacri 
fiee. — Brown. 

SA-CRIF'IC-ANT, n. [L. sacrifcans.] One who offers a 
s acrifice . — HalUwell. 

t SAC-RI-FI-Ca'TOR, n. [Fr. sacrificateur.] A sacrifice!-; 
one who offers a sacrifice. — Brown. 

SA-€RIF'IG-A-TO-RY, n. Offering sacrifice.— Sherwood. 

SAG'Ri-FlCE (sak're-fize), v. t. [L. sacrifico; Fr. sacrifier ; 
Sp. sacriftcar; It. sacrificare.] 1. To immolate or con- 
sume, partially or wholly, on the altar of God, either as an 
atonement for sin, or to procure favor, or express thank- 
fulness. 2. To destroy, surrender, or suffer to be lost for 
the sake of obtaining something. 3. To devote with los* 
4. To destroy ; to kill. 

SAC'RI-FlCE (sak're-fize), v. i. To make offerings to God 
of things consumed on the altar. — Ex., hi. 

SAC'RI-FlCE (sak're-fize), n. [Fr. ; L. sacrificium.) 1. An 
animal or any other thing presented to God and burned 
on the altar, as an atonement for sin, or to procure favor, 
or express thankfulness. — A sacrifice differs from an obla- 
tion, by being consumed partially or wholly on the altar, 
whereas the oblation is only consecrated to God or to a re- 
ligious use, as tithes, first fruits, or contributions for relig- 
ious purposes. 2. The thing offered to God, or immo- 
lated by an act of religion. 3. Destruction, surrender, or 
loss made or incurred for gaining some object, or for 
obliging^ another. 4. Any thing destroyed. 

SAC'RI-FiCED (sak're-f izd), pp. Offered to God upon an 
altar ; destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost. 

SAC'RI-FlC-ER (sak're-fiz-er), n. One who sacrifices or im- 
molates. — Dry den. 

SA€-RI-Fl"CIAL (sak-re-fish'al), a. Performing sacrifice; 
included in sacrifice ; consisting in sacrifice. — Shah. 

SAC'RI-FlC-ING (-fiz-ing), ppr. Offering to God upon an 
altar ; surrendering, or suffering to be lost; destroying. 

SA€'RI-Le6E, n. [Fr. ; L. sacrilegium.] The crime of vio- 
lating or profaning sacred things ; or the alienating to lay 
men or to common purposes what has been appropriated 
or consecrated to religious persons or uses. 

SAC-RI-LE'GlOUS (sak-re-le'jus), a. [L. sacrilegus.] 1. Vio 
lating sacred things ; polluted with the crime of sacrilege 
2. Containing sacrilege. 

SAC-RI-Le'GIOUS-LY, adv. With sacrilege; in violation of 
sacred things. 

SA€-RI-LE'610US-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being sacri- 
legious. 2. Disposition to sacrilege. 

SAC'RI-Le-6IST, n. One who is guilty of sacrilege. 

t Sa'CRING. ppr. [from Fr. sacrer.] Consecrating. 

Sl'CRING-BELL, n. A small bell used in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, to call attention to the more solemn parts of 
the service of the mass ; called, also, saints' bell, or mast 
bell. — Shak. — Gloss, of Archit. 

Sa'CRIST, n. A sacristan ; a person retained in a cathedral 
to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the books. 

SAC'RIST-AN, n. [Fr. sacristain ; It. sacristano ; Sp. sacrist- 
an.] An officer of the church who has the care of tho 
utensils or movables of the church. It is now corrupted 
into sexton. 

SAC'RIST-Y, n. [Fr. sacristie ; Sp., It. sacristia.] An apart- 
ment in a church where the sacred utensils, vestments, 
&c, are kept ; now called the vestry. 

t SAC'RO-SANCT, a. [L. sacro sanctus.] Sacred ; inviolable. 
— More. 

SAD, a. [In W. sad signifies wise, prudent, sober.] 1. Af- 
fected with grief; cast down with affliction. 2. Habitually 
affected with melancholy ; not gay or cheerful. 3. Having 
the external appearance of sorrow ; as, a sad countenance. 

4. Given to seriousness ; not gay, light, or volatile. — Bacon 

5. Causing sorrow or affliction; as, a sad event. 6. Dark 
colored ; [obs.] 7. Bad ; vexatious ; as, a sad husband 
— Addison ; [colloquial] 8. Heavy ; weighty ; ponderous , 
[obs.] 9. Close ; firm ; cohesive ; opposed to light or 

friable ; [obs.] — Syn. Sorrowful ; mournful ; gloomy ; de- 
jected ; depressed; cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; 
grave ; grievous ; afflictive ; calamitous. 

SADDEN (sad'n), v. t. 1. To make sad or sorrowful ; also, 
to make melancholy or gloomy. 2. To make dark-colored ; 
[obs.] 3. To make heavy, firm, or cohesive ; [obs.] 

SAD'DENED, pp. Made sad or gloomy. 

SAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Making sad or gloomy. 

SAD'DER, n. An abridgment or summary of the Zenda 
vesta in the modern Persian language. — Brande. 

SAD'DER, a. Comp. of Sad. 

SAD'DLE (sadl), n. [Sax. sadel, sadl : D. zadel ; G. sattel] 
1. A seat to be placed on a horse's back for the rider to sit 
on. — 2. Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on 
the lower yard-arms to retain the studding-sail-booms in 
their place. This term is also applied to other pieces 
of wood hollowed out ; as, the saddle of the bowsprit— 
A saddle of venison or mutton, consists of the ribs on both 
sides not separated through the backbone. 

SAD'DLE, v. t. 1. To put a saddle on. 2. To load ; to fix 
a burden on. 



See Synopsis. \., E, I, &c, long.— X , E , 1, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOQK. 



SAF 



875 



SA1 



tiAD'DLE-BAGKJED (sadl-bakt), a. Having a low back and 

an elevated neck and head, as a horse. — Far. Diet. 
SAD'DLE-BAGS, n. pi. Bags, usually of leather, united by 

straps, for carriage on horseback, one bag on each side. 
yAD'DLE-BOW, n. [Sax. sadl-boga.J The bows of a sad- 
dle, or the pieces which form the front. 
SAD'DLE-CLOTH, n. A cloth under a saddle and extend- 
ing out behind ; the housing. 
SAD'DLE-MaK-ER, \ n. One whose occupation is to make 
SAD'DLER 5 saddles. 

SAD'DLE-SHaPED (-shapt), a. In geology, an epithet ap- 
plied to strata when bent on each side of a mountain, 
without being broken at top.— Buchanan. 
SAD'DLE-TREE, n. The frame of a saddle. 
SAD'DL£TD, pp. Furnished with a saddle ; loaded. 
SAD'DLER- Y, n. 1. The materials for making saddles and 
harnesses. 2. The articles usually offered for sale in a 
saddler's shop. — Booth. 3. The trade or employment of a 
saddler. 
SAD'DLING, ppr. Putting a saddle on ; fixing a burden on. 
SAD-DU-CkAN, a. Pertaining to the Sadducces. 
SAD'DU-CEE, n. One of a sect among the ancient Jews, 
who denied the resurrection of the body, and the exist- 
ence of angels or spirits. — Acts, xxiii., 8. 
SAD'DU-CISM, n. The tenets of the Sadducees.— More. 
SAD'DU-ClZ-ING, a. Adopting the principles of the Sad- 
ducees ; as, Sadducizing Christians. — Atterbury. 
SAD'I-RON (sadl-urn). n. An instrument used to smooth 

clothes after washing; a flat-iron. 
SAD'LY, adv. 1. Sorrowfully; mournfully. — Dryden. 2. 
In a calamitous or miserable manner. 3. In a dark color ; 
[obs.] 
SAD'NESS, n. 1. Sorrowfulness ; mournfulness ; dejection 
of mind. 2. A melancholy look ; gloom of countenance. 
3. Seriousness ; sedate gravity. 
SAFE, a. [Fr. sauf, sauve ; L. salvus.] 1. Free from danger 
of any kind. 2. Free from hurt, injury, or damage. 3. 
Conferring safety ; securing from harm. 4. Not exposing 
to danger. — Phil., in. 5. No longer dangerous ; placed 
beyond the power of doing harm. — Syn. Secure ; danger- 
less ; unendangered ; sure. 
SaFE, ii. A place of safety ; a fire-proof chest or closet, 
for containing money, valuable papers, &c. ; a tight box 
or closet for securing provisions from noxious animals. 
1 SAFE, v. t. To render safe.— Shak. 

n.vFE-CON'DUCT, n. [safe and conduct ; Fr. sauf -conduit.] 
That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy or guard 
to protect a person in an enemy's country or in a foreign 
country, or a writing, a pass or warrant of security given 
to a person by the sovereign of a country, to enable him 
to travel with safety. 
SaFE-KEEP'ING, n. [safe and keep.] The act of keeping 

or preserving in safety from injury or from escape. 
SaFE'-LOD6£D, a. Lodged in safety.— Carlisle. 
SaFE'GUARD, n. 1. He or that which defends or protects ; 
defense ; protection. 2. A convoy or guard to protect a 
traveler. 3. A passport ; a warrant of security given by 
a sovereign, to protect a stranger within his territories. 
4. An outer petticoat, to save women's clothes on horse- 
back. 
SaFE'GUaRD, v. t. To guard; to protect. [Little used.] 
SXFE'Lt-ER, adv. comp. More safely. 
SaFE'LI-EST, adv. superl. Most safely. 
SaFE'LY, adv. 1. In a safe manner; without incurring 
danger. 2. Without injury. 3. Without escape ; in close 
custody. 
SaFE'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from danger. 2. The state 

of being safe, or of conferring safety. 
SaFETY, n. Freedom from danger or hazard. 2. Ex- 
emption from hurt, injury, or loss. 3. Preservation from 
escape ; close custody. 4. Preservation from hurt. 
SaFE'TY-LAMP, ».. A lamp covered with wire-gauze, to 
give light in mines, without the danger of setting tire to in- 
flammable gases. It was invented by Sir Humphrey Davy. 
SIFE'T Y-VAL VE, n. A valve fitted to the boiler of a steam- 
engine, which opens and lets out the steam, when the 
pressure within becomes too great for safety. — Francis. 
SAF'FLoW, 7*. The plant safflower, which see. 
SAF'FLOW-ER, n. 1. An annual plant, carthamus tinctori- 
us ; also called bastard saffron. 2. A deep-red fecula 
separated from orange-colored flowers, usually of the saf- 
flower. 

* SAF'FRON, n. [W. safrwn, safyr ; Ft. safran ; Arm. zaf 
ron ; Ger., Sw., Dan. saffran.] 1. A bulbous plant, of the 
genus crocus, having flowers of a deep-yellow color. 2. In 
materia medica, saftron is formed of the stigmata of the 
crocus sativus, dried on a kiln and pressed into cakes. 

* SAF'FRON. a. Having the color of saffron flowers ; deep 
yellow. — Dryden. 

* SAF'FRON, v. t. To tinge with saffron ; to make yellow ; 

to gild. — Chaucer. 
BAF'FRONED, pp. Tinged with saffron ; made yellow. 
8AF'FRON-Y, a. Having the color of saffron. — Lord. 



SAG, v. i. [a different spelling of sicag.] 1. To yield ; to 
give way ; to lean or incline from an upright position, or 
to bend from a horizontal position, in consequence of the 
weight ; as, a door or beam sags. — 2 Figuratively, to bend 
or sink ; as, the mind shall never sag with doubt. Shak. 
— 3. To sag to leeward, is applied to a vessel which makes 
much lee-way. — Tottcn. 
SAG, v. t. To cause to bend or give way , to load or bur- 
den. 
Siv'GA, n. The general name of those ancient composition' 
which comprise the history and mythology of the north- 
ern European races. — Brandc. 
SA-Ga'CIOUS (-shus), a. [L. sagax ; Fr. sage, sagesse, Sp 
saga, sagaz ; It. saggio.] 1. Quick of scent. 2. Quick 
of thought; acute in discernment or penetration. 
SA-Ga'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With quick scent. 2. With 

quick discernment or penetration. 
SA-Ga'CIOUS-NESS, ii. ] . The quality of being sagacious : 
quickness of scent. 2. Quickness or acuteness of discern 
ment; sagacity. 
SA-GAC'I-TY (-gas'e-te), n. [Fr. sagacite ; L. sagacitas.] 1 
Quickness or acuteness of scent; [applied to animals.] 
2. Quickness or acuteness of discernment or penetration , 
readiness of apprehension ; sagaciousness. 
SAG'A-MORE, n. Among some tribes of American Indians 

a king or chief. 
SAG'A-PEN, )n. [Gr. aayarrjvov.] In pharmacy, an in 
SAG-A-Pe'NUM, 5 spissatcd sap, brought from Persia and 
the East. It has the same alliaceous odor as asafctida, but 
weaker. 
SAG'A-THY, n. A kind of serge ; a slight woolen stuff. 
SS6E, n. [Ft. sauge ; At. saoch.] A plant of the genus sal- 
via, of several species. The common garden sage has a 
warm, bitterish, aromatic taste, and is much used in cook- 
ery. 
SA(5E, a. [Fr. sage; It. saggio.] 1. Having nice discern- 
ment and powers of judging ; as, a sage matron. 2. Pro- 
ceeding from wisdom ; well judged ; well adapted to the 
purpose ; as, sage advice. — Syn. Wise ; sagacious ; sapi- 
ent ; grave ; prudent ; judicious. 
SI6E, n. A wise man ; a man of gravity and wisdom ; 
particularly, a man venerable for years, and known as a 
man of sound judgment and prudence ; a grave philoso- 
pher. 
SldE'LY, adv. Wisely with just discernment and pru- 
dence. 
SA-6ENE', n. A Russian measure of about seven English 

feet. 
Sa6E'NESS, n. Wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity. 
SAG'EN-lTE, n. Acicular rutile.— lire. 
SAGGED (sagd), pp. Caused to bend or give way ; loaded ; 

burdened. 
SAG'GER, ? n. A cylindrical case of fire-clay, in which fine 
SEG'GER, j stone-ware is inclosed while being baked in 

the kiln. — Ure. 
SAG'GING, n. A bending or sinking in consequence of the 

weight. 
SAG'GING, ppr. Causing to bend ; burdening. 
SA6TN-ATE, v. t. To pamper; to fatten. — Cockeram. 
* SA(>'IT-TAL, a. [L. sagittalis.] Pertaining to an arrow , 
resembling an arrow. — In anatomy, the sagittal suture is 
the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull. 
SAO-IT-Ta'RI-US, n. [L. an archer.] One of the twelve 

signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about Nov. 22. 
SA61T-TA-RY, n. A centaur, an animal half man, half 

horse, armed with a bow and quiver. — Shak. 
SAG'IT-TA-RY, a. Pertaining to an arrow. 
SA6'IT-TaTE, a. In natural history, shaped like the head 

of an arrow ; triangular, hollowed at the base. 
Sa'GO, n. A dry, mealy substance or granulated paste, im- 
ported from Java, the Philippine, and Molucca isles, <fec. 
It is the prepared pith of several different plants, and is 
much used as an article of diet for the sick. 
SA-GOIN', n. The sagoins are those American monkeys 

which have long but not prehensile tails. 
SA'GUM, n. [L.] The military cloak of the Roman magis- 
trates and dignitaries. — Brande. 
Sa'gY, a. Full of sage ; seasoned with sage. 
SaH'LITE, n. A massive, cleavable, dingy-green variety of 
augite, first obtained at the mountain Sahla, in Western 
Asia. — Dana. 
SS'IC, ti. A Turkish or Grecian vessel ; a sort of ketch. 
SAID (sed), pret. and pp. of say ; so written for sayed. L 
Declared ; uttered ; reported. 2. Aforesaid ; before men- 
tioned. 
S1IL, ti. [Sax., G., Sw. segel; Dan. sejl ; D. zeil.] 1. In nav- 
igation, a spread of canvas, or sheet which receives the 
impulse of wind by which a ship is driven. — 2. In poetry, 
wings. — Spenser. 3. A ship or other vessel; [used in the 
singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for many.] 
4. An excursion in some vessel. — To loose sails, to unfurl 
them. — To make sail, to extend an additional quantity of 
sail. — To set sail, to expand or spread the sails ; and, 



DOVE ;— BU LL, tJNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; THiwin this, t Obsolete. 



&AR 



87b 



SAL 



hence, to begin a voyage. — To shorten sail, to reduce the 
extent of sail, or take in a part. — To strike sail. 1. To 
lower the sails suddenly. 2. To abate show or pomp. — 
Shah. ; [colloquial.] 

S IIL. v. i. 1 . To be impelled or driven forward by the ac- 
tion of wind upon sails, as a ship on water. 2. To be con- 
veyed in a vessel on water ; to pass by water. 3. To swim. 
4. To set sail ; to begin a voyage. 5. To be carried in the 
air, as a balloon. 6. To pass smoothly along. 7. To fly 
_without strikirg with the wings. 

BaIL, v. t. 1. To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of 
sails. 2. To fly through. — Pope. 3. To direct or manage 
the motion of a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship. — Totten. 

SaIL'-BoRNE, a. Borne or conveyed by sails. — J. Barlow. 

SaIL'-BROAD (-brawd), a. Spreading like a sail. — Milton. 

SaIL'-CLOTH, n. Duck or canvas used in making sails. 

SaIL -LOFT, n. A loft or apartment where sails are cut 
_out and made. 

SaIL'-MaK-ER, n. . 1. One whose occupation is to make 
sails. 2. An oflicer on board ships of war whose business 
is to repair or alter sails. 

SaIL'-MaK-ING, n. The art or business of making sails. 

SaIL'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a vessel where the sails, 
_which are not bent, are stowed. — Totten. 

SaIL'-YARD, n. [Sax. segl-gyrd.] The yard or spar on 
which sails are extended. — Dryden. 

SaIL'A-BLE, a. Navigable ; that may be passed by ships. 

SaILjGD, pp. Passed in ships or other water-craft 

SaIL'ER, n. 1. One who sails ; a seaman ; usually, sailor. 

2. A ship or other vessel, with reference to her speed or 
manner of sailing. 

SaIL'ING, ppr. or a. Moving on water or in air ; passing in 
a ship or other vessel. 

SAILING, n. 1. The act of moving on water ; or the move- 
ment of a ship or vessel impelled by the action of wind on 
her sails. 2. Movement through the air, as in a balloon. 

3. The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage. 
SaIL'ING-MaS-TER, n. An oflicer in a ship of war who 

superintends all the details of navigating the ship. 

SaIL'LESS, a. Destitute of sails. — Pollok. 

SaIL'OR, n. [a more common spelling than sailer.] One 
who follows the business of navigating ships or other ves- 
sels. — Syn. Mariner ; seaman ; tar. 

SIIL'OR-LlKE. a. Like sailors. 

SaIL'Y, a. Like a sail. — Drayton. 

SUM, ». [Sax. seim ; W. saim.] Lard. [Local] 

\ SUN, for sayen, pp. of say. — Skak. 

SaIN'FOIN ) (san'foin), n. [Fr. sainfoin.] A plant some- 

SaINT'FOIN 3 what resembling the pea, cultivated for 
fodder. 

SUNT, n. [Fr. ; L. sanctus ; It., Sp. santo.] 1. A person 
sanctified ; a holy or godly person ; one eminent for piety 
and virtue. 2. One of the blessed in heaven. — Rev., xviii. 
3. The holy angels are called saints. — Jude, 14. 4. One 
canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. — Encyc. 

SA.INT, v. t. To number or enroll among saints by an offi- 
cial act of the pope ; to canonize. 

SUNT, v. i. To act with a show of piety.— Pope. 

SUNT AN'THO-N Y*S FlRE (-an'to-niz-), n. A popular name 
of the erysipelas, so called because it was supposed to have 
been cured by the intercession of St. Anthony. — P. Cyc. 

SUNT JOHN'S BREAD (-jonz-bred), n. A plant, the car- 
ob-tree. 

SUNT JOHN'S W6RT (-jonz-wurt), n. A name of plants 
of the genus hypericum, most of which have yellow flowers. 

SUNT-LIKE, a. [saint and like.] 1. Resembling a saint. 
2. Suiting a saint ; becoming a saint. — Dryden. 

SaINT PETER'S WORT (-wurt), n. A plant. 

SaINT'-SEEM-ING, a. Having the appearance of a saint. — 
Montague. 

SUNT SI-Mo'NI-AN, n. A follower of the Count de St. 
Simon, who recommended joint-stock property, and a just 
division cf the fruits of common labor, as the true remedy 
for all social evils. — Brande. 

SaINT Vl'TCJS'S DaNCE, n. A disease affecting with ir- 
regular movements the muscles of voluntary motion, and 
attended with a great failure of the physical strength. — 
P. Cyc. 

SaINT'S BELL, n. A small bell used in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church to call attention to the more solemn parts of 
the service of the mass, as at the conclusion of the ordi- 
nary, and on the elevation of the host and chalice after 
consecration. — Gloss, of Archit. 

SaINT'ED, pp. 1. Canonized ; enrolled among the saints. 
2. a. Holy ; pious. 3. Sacred.— Milton. 

SaINTESS, n. A female saint. — Fisher. 

SUNTTNG, ppr. Canonizing ; enrolling among the saints. 

SaINT'LY, a. Like a saint ; becoming a holy person. 

SaINT'SHIP, n. The character or qualities of a saint. 

SA-JeNE', n. [written, also, sagene.] A Russian measure 
_of length, equal to seven feet English measure. 

SaKE, 7i. [Sax. sac, saca ; D. zaak ; G. sache ; Sw. sak and 
orsak; Dan. sag.] 1. Final cause; end; purpose; or, 



rather, the purpose of obtaining ; as, for the sake of health, 
2. Account ; regard to any person or thing ; as, for one's 
sake. 

SI'KER, n. [Fr. sacre.] 1. A hawk ; a species of falcon 9 
A small piece of artillery. — Hudibras ; [not in use.] 

SAK'ER-ET, n. The male of the saker-hawk. 

SAL, n. [L.] Salt. [A word much used in chemistry.] 

SAL A-LEM'BROTH, n. A compound of the corrosive suo 
limate of mercury and sal ammoniac. — Urc. 

SAL AM-MO'NI-AC, n. Chlorid of ammonium, a solid sub 
stance of a sharp and acrid taste, much used in the me- 
chanic arts and in pharmacy. 

SAL GEM, n. Common salt; chlorid of sodium. — Brande. 

SAL MaR'TIS, n. [L. salt of Mars.] Green sulphate of iron. 
— Ure. 

SAL PRU-NEL'LA, n. Fused nitre cast into cakes or balls. 

SAL SEIGN-ETTE' (-san-yetf), n. Rochelle salt.— Brande. 

SAL VO-LAT'I-LE. [L.] Volatile salt. See Volatile. 

SaL'A-BLE, a. [from sale] That may be sold ; that finds « 
ready market ; being in good demand. 

SaL'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being salable. 

SaL'A-BLY, adv. In a salable manner. 

SA-La'CIOUS (-shus), [L. salax.] Lustful; lecherous. 

SA-La'CIOUS-LY, adv. Lustfully; with eager animal ap 
petite. 

SA-La'CIOUS-NESS, }h. Lust; lecherousness ; strong pro- 

SA-LAC'I-TY, S pensity to venery. 

SAL 'AD, n. [Fr. salade ; D. salaade ; G., Sw. salat ; Dan. sal- 
ad.] A name given to raw herbs, usually dressed with 
salt, vinegar, oil, or spices, and eaten for giving a relish to 
other food. 

SAL'AD-ING, n. Vegetables for salads. — Cheyne. 

Sa'LAL-BER-RY, n. A fruit from the valley of the Colum 
bia River, or Oregon, about the size of a common grape, 
of a dark color, and of a sweet flavor. — Farm. Encyc. 

SA-LXM', n. [Oriental, peace or safety.] In the East, a salu- 
tation or compliment of ceremony or respect. — Herbert. 

SAL'AM-SToNE, n. A kind of blue sapphire brought from 
Ceylon. — Dana. 

SAL'A-MAN-DER, n. [L., Gr. salamandra.] The popular 
name of a genus of reptiles having the general form of 
lizards, but more affinities with frogs. The vulgar story 
of its being able to endure fire, is a mistake. — Salamander's 
hair or wool, a name given to a species of asbestos or min- 
eral flax. 

SAL-A-MAN'DRiNE, a. Pertaining to or resembling a sala- 
mander ; enduring fire. 

SAL'A-RI£D (-rid), a. Enjoying a salary. 

SAL'A-RY, n. [Fr. salaire; It., Sp. salario ; L. solarium.] 
The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to 
a person for services, usually a fixed sum to be paid by 
the year. — Syn. Stipend ; pay ; wages ; hire ; allowance. 

SALE, n. [ W. sal ; Sax. sal] 1. The act of selling ; the 
exchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value. 
2. Vent ; power of selling ; market. 3. Auction ; public 
sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market ; 
[rare.] 4. State of being venal, or of being offered to brib- 
ery. 5. [qu. Sax. stzlan.] A wicker basket. 

SaLE, a. Sold ; bought ; as opposed to home-made. [Collo- 
quial.] 

SaLE'-W6RK (-wurk), n. Work or things made for sale ; 
hence, work carelessly done. — Shah. 

SAL-E-BROS'I-TY, n. Roughness or ruggedness of a place 
or road. — Feltham. See Salebrous. 

SAL'E-BROUS, a. [L. salebrosus.] Rough ; rugged ; une- 
ven. [Little used.] 

SAL'EP, 7i. [said to be a Turkish word ; written, also, salop, 
saloop, and saleb.] In materia medica, the dried root of a 
species of orchis ; also, a preparation of this root to be 
used as food. 

SAL-E-Ra'TUS, 7i. A carbonate of potash containing more 
carbonic acid than pearlash, used in cookery. 

SaLES'MAN, ti. [sale and man.] 1. One who sells clothes 
ready made. — Swift. 2. One who makes sales to custom- 
ers in a store or shop. 

SAL'ET. See Sallet. 

SAL'IC, a. The salic law of France is a fundamental law, 
by virtue of which males only can inherit the throne. 

SAL'I-CIN, ti. A bitter febrifuge substance, obtained in 
white, pearly crystals from some species of the willow, 
and also of the poplar. — Brande. 

* Sa'LI-ENT, a. [L. saliens.] 1. Leaping ; an epithet in her- 
aldry, applied to a lion or other beast, represented in a 
leaping posture. — 2. In fortification, projecting outward ; 
opposed to re-entering ; as, a salient angle. 

* Sa'LI-ENT, a. [L. saliens.] 1. Leaping ; moving by leaps, 
as frogs. 2. Beating ; throbbing, as the heart. 3. Shoot 
ing out or up ; springing ; darting. 

Sa'LI-ENT-LY, adv. In a salient manner. 

SA-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sal and fero.] Producing or bearing 
salt. Eaton.— Saliferous rocks, in geology, the new red 
sandstone system of some geologists ; so called because 
in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt- r 



-Dana. 



* See Synop^j; a, E, I, &c, long —a, E I. &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD — Mo VE, BOOK, 



SAL 



877 



feAL 



SAL/I-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of combining with an acid to 
form a salt ; as, a salifiable base. 

3AL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of salifying. 

SAL'l-Fl£D (sal'e-fide), pp. Formed into a salt by combi- 
nation with an acid. 

SAL'I-FY, v. t. [L. sal and facto.} To form into a salt by 
combining an acid with a base, as with a metallic oxyd, 
&c. 

SAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Forming into a salt by combina- 
tion with a base. 

SAL'i-GOT, n. [Fr.] A plant, the water-thistle. 

SAL-I-Na'TION, n. [L. sal, salinator.] The act of washing 
with salt-water. — Greenhill. 

* SA-LlNE', }a. [Fr. salin.] 1. Consisting of salt, or con- 
SA-LlN'OUS, 5 stituting salt. 2. Partaking of the qualities 

of salt. 

* SA-LlNE', n. [Sp., It. salina; Fr. saline.) A salt-spring, or 

a place where salt-water is collected in the earth. 

SA-LINE'NESS. n. State of being saline. 

3AL-I-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sal, salinum, and fero.] Pro- 
ducing salt. 

SA-LIN'I-FORM, a. [L. sal, salinum, and form.] Having the 
form of salt. 

SA-Li'NO-TER-ReNE', a. [L. sal, salinum, and terrenus.] A 
term denoting a compound of salt and earth. 

SAL'lQUE (sal'ik), a. See Salic. 

SAL'iTE, v. t. [L. salio.] To salt ; to impregnate or season 
with salt. [Little used.] 

SA-Ll'VA, n. [L. saliva.] The fluid which is secreted by the 
salivary glands, and which serves to moisten the mouth 
and tongue. 

■ SA-Ll'VAL, ? a. [from saliva.] Pertaining to saliva ; se- 

SAL'I-VA-RY, i creting or conveying saliva. 

SAL'I-VANT, a. Producing salivation. 

SAL'I-VANT, n. That which produces salivation. 

SAL'I-VaTE, v. t. [from saliva ; Fr. saliver.) To produce 
an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva in a person, 
usually by mercury ; to produce ptyalism in a person. 

SAL'I- Va -TED, pp. Having an increased secretion of saliva 
from medicine. 

SAL'I-VX-T1NG, ppr. Producing increased secretion of sa- 
liva. 

SAL-I-Va'TION, n. The act or process of inducing ptyal- 
ism, or of producing an increased secretion of saliva. 

* SA-Ll'VOUS, a. Pertaining to saliva ; partaking of the na- 
ture of saliva. — Wiseman. 

SAL'LET, n. [Fr. salade.] A head-piece or helmet 

Ilti/LET-ING \ n - [corrupted from soZad.] 

(•SAL'LI-ANCE.'ti. [from sally.] An issuing forth. 

SAL'LIED (sallid), pp. Rushed out; issued suddenly. 

SAL'LoW, n. [Sax. salk, salig ; Ir. sail ; Fr. saule.] A name 
applied to certain trees or low shrubs of the willow kind, 
or genus salix. 

SAL'LoW, a. [Sax. salowig, sealwe.] Having a yellowish 
colorj of a pale, sickly color, tinged with a dark yellow. 

SAL'LoW-NESS, n. A yellowish color ; paleness, tinged 
with a dark yellow. 

SAL'LY, n. [Fr. saillie; It. salita; Sp. salida.] 1. An issue 
or rushing of troops from a besieged place to attack the 
besiegers. 2. A spring or darting of intellect, fancy, or im- 
agination ; flight ; sprightly exertion. 3. Excursion from 
the usual track ; range. 4. Act of levity or extravagance ; 
wild gayety ; frolic. 

SAL'LY, v. i. [Fr. saillir ; Arm. sailha ; It. salire; Sp. salir ; 
L. salio.] 1. To issue or rush out, as a body of troops 
from a fortified place to attack besiegers. 2. To issue sud- 
denly ; to make a sudden eruption. 

SAL'LY-PoRT, n. 1. In fortification, a postern gate, or a 
passage under ground from the inner to the outer works, 
for the troops to sally out. 2. A large port on each quar- 
ter of a fire-ship for the escape of the men into boats when 
the train is fired. 

SAL'LY-ING, ppr. Issuing or rushing out. 

SAL-MA-GUN'Dl, n. [Sp. salpicon, corrupted. See Salpi- 
con.] 1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled her- 
ring with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions. — Johnson. 2. 
A mixture of various ingredients ; an oho or medley. — W. 
Irving. 
dAL'MI-A€, n. A contraction of sal ammoniac. 
SALM'ON (sam'mun), n. [L. salmo; Fr. saumon.] A fish of 
a yellowish red color, of the genus salmo, found in all the 
Arctic seas, whence it ascends the rivers in the spring. 
It grows to a large size, and is highly valued as an article 
of food. 
SALM'ON-TROUT (sam'mun-trout), n. A fish allied to the 
salmon and the trout, and highly valued as an article of 
food ; also called the sea-trout. 
SAL'MON-OID, a. or n. - A term applied to fishes belonging 

to the family of which the salmon is the type. 
8A-LOON', n. [It. salone ; Sp., Fr. salon.] In architecture, a 
spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of com- 
pany, or for works of art. It is often vaulted at the top, 



and frequently comprehends two stories, with two ranges 
of windows. The name is also given to a large room in 8 
steam-boat, &c. 

SAL'OP, ) 7i. The dried root of a species of orchis ; also, 

SA-LOOP', 5 a decoction of this root, used in some parts 
of England as a beverage by the poorer classes. The 
word is properly salep. — Smart. 

SAL'PI-CON, n. [Sp.] Stuffing ; farce ; chopped meat or 
bread, &c, used to stuff legs of veal. 

SAL'PINX, n. [Gr. caX-iy\, a trumpet.] The Eustachian 
tube. 

t SAL-SA-MEN-T a/RI-OUS, a. [L.salsamentarius.] Pertain- 
ing to salt things. — Diet. 

SAL'SI-FY (-fe), n. [Fr. salsifis.] A plant (the Tragopogon 
porrifolius) with a long tapering root, of a sweetish taste, 
like the parsnep, often called the oyster-plant, from its tastfl 
when fried. 

SAL-SIL'LA, n. A plant with tuberous roots which are eat 
en like the potato. It is a native of Peru.— Farm. Encyc. 

SAL-SO-AC'ID, a. [L. salsus and acidus.] Having a taste 
compounded of saltness and acidness. [Little used.] 

SAL-Su'Gl-NOUS, a. [L. salsugo.] Saltish. 

SALT, n. [Sax. salt, seaU; Goth., Sw., Dan. salt ; G. salz ; It. 
sale; Fr. sel ; L., Sp., Port, sal.] 1. Common salt is the 
chlorid of sodium, a substance used for seasoning certain 
lands of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c— 2. In 
chemistry, a body composed of an acid and a base. Thus, 
nitrate of potassa, commonly called nitre or saltpetre, is a 
salt composed of nitric acid and potassa, the potassa being 
the base. 3. Taste; sapor; smack. 4. Wit ; poignancy ; 
as, Attic salt. 

SALT, a. 1. Having the taste of salt ; impregnated with 
salt. 2. Abounding with salt. 3. Overflowed with salt- 
water, or impregnated with it. 4. Growing on salt marsh 
or meadows, and having the taste of salt. 5. Producing 
salt-water. 6. Lecherous ; salacious. — Shah. 7. Pungent 
or bitter ; as, salt scorn. — Shak. 

SALT, n. 1. The part of a river near the sea, where the 
water is salt. 2. A vessel for holding salt. 

SALT, v. t. 1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt. 
2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a 
ship, for the preservation of the timber. 

SALT, v. i. To deposit salt from a saline substance. 

t SaLT, n. [Fr. saut.) A leap; the act of jumping. 

SALT-BOX, n. A small box with a lid, used for holding 
salt. — In burlesque music, the salt-box has been used, like 
the marrow-bones and cleaver, tongs, and poker, <fcc. 

SALT'-CEL-LAR, n. [salt and cellar.] A small vessel used 
for holding salt on the table. — Swift'. 

SALT-FISH, n. 1. A fish which has been salted. 2. A fish 
from salt-water. — Shak. 

SALT-GREEN, a. Green like the salt sea.— Shak. 

SALT-MaRSH, n. Land covered with grass, which is sub- 
ject to the overflow of salt-water. — Brande. 

SALT-MlNE, n. A mine where rock salt is obtained. 

SALT-PAN, \ n. A pan, basin, or pit where salt is obtained 

SALT-PIT, 5 or made.— Bacon. 

SALT-RHEOM, n. A name popularly applied to almost all 
the non-febrile cutaneous eruptions which are common 
among adults, except ring-worm and itch. 

SALT-SPRING, n. A spring of salt-water. 

SALT-WA-TER, n. Water impregnated with salt; sea 
water. 

SALT-WORK, n. A house or place where salt is made. 

SALT-WORT, n. A name of various plants of the genera 
salsola, salicornia, and glaux, mostly found on moist saline 
ground. 

SALT ANT, a. [L. saltans.] Leaping; dancing. 

SAL-Ta'TION, n. [L.saltatio.] 1. A leaping or jumping. 2 
Beating or palpitation. 

SAL'TA-TO-RY, a. Leaping ; used in leaping. 

SAL'TA-TO-RY, } a. Leaping or dancing ; or having 

SAL-TA-To'PJ-OUS, 5 the power of leaping or dancing. 

SALT'CAT, n. A lump of salt, made at the salt-works, 
which attracts pigeons. — Mortimer. 

SALTED, pp. or a. Sprinkled, seasoned, or impregnated 
with salt. 

SALTER, n. 1. One who salts ; one who gives or applies 
salt. 2. One who sells salt. 

SALTERN, n. A salt-work ; a building in which salt is made 
by boiling or evaporation. — Encyc. 

SAL'TlER (sal'teer), n. [Fr. sautoir.] In heraldry, one of the 
greater ordinaries, in the form of .St. Andrew's cross or X. 

SAL'TI-GRADE, a. Leaping ; formed for leaping. 

SAL'TI-GRADE, n. The name of a family of spiders who 
leap to seize their prey. 

t SAL-TIN-BAN'CO (sal-tin-bank'o), n. [Fr. saltimbanque ] A 
mountebank ; a quack. — Brown. 

SALTING, ppr. Sprinkling or seasoning with suit. 

SALTING, n. The act of sprinkling or impregnating with 
"salt. 

SALTISH, a. Somewhat salt. 

SALTTSH-LY, adv. With a moderate degree of saltness. 



DCVE -.—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



SAL 



87« 



SAN 



SALTISH-NESS, n. A moderate degree of saltaess. 

SALT'LESS, a. Destitute of salt ; insipid. 

SALT'LY, adv. With taste of salt ; in a salt manner. 

SALT'NESS, n. 1. The quality of .being impregnated with 
salt. 2. Taste of salt. 

3ALT-Pe'TER, 7 7i. [salt, and Gr. ncrpog.] A neutral salt 

SALT-Pk'TRE, 5 formed by the nitric acid in combination 
with potassa, and hence denominated nitrate ofpotassa ; 
also called nitre. 

^ALT-PETROUS, a. Pertaining to saltpetre, or partaking 
of its qualities ; impregnated with saltpetre. 

SALTS, n. pi. 1. The salt-water of rivers entering from 
the ocean ; [S. Carolina.] 2. The popular name of various 
chemical salts used in medicine, as Glauber's salt, Epsom 
salt, &c. 

» SALTY, a. Somewhat salt— Cotgrave. 

SA-LO'BRI-OUS, a. [L. salubcr, saluhris.] Favorable to 
health ; promoting health. — Syn. Healthful ; wholesome ; 
healthy; salutary. 

SA-Lu'BRl-OUS-LY, adv. So as to promote health. 

SA-LO'BRI-OUS-NESS, \ n. [L. salubritas.) Wholesome- 

SA-LO'BRI-TY, > ness ; healthfulness ; favorable- 

ness to the preservation of health. 

SAL1J-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a salutary manner. 

SAL'H-TA-RI-NESS, n. 1. Wholesomeness ; the quality of 
contributing to health or safety. 2. The quality of pro- 
moting good or prosperity. 

6AL'tJ-TA-RY. a. [Fr. salutaire ; L. salutaris.] 1. Promoting 
health. 2. Promotive of public safety ; contributing to 
some beneficial purpose. — Syn. Wholesome ; healthful ; 
salubrious ; beneficial ; useful ; advantageous ; profitable. 

SAL-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. salutatio.] The act of salut- 
ing; the act of paying respect or reverence by the cus- 
tomary words or actions. — Syn. Greeting; salute; address. 

8A-Lu'TA-To-RI-LY, adv. By way of salutation. 

SA-Lu'TA-TO-RY, a. Greeting ; containing salutations. [An 
epithet applied to the oratioii which introduces the exercises of 
the commencements in American colleges.] 

\ SA-Lu'TA-TO-RY, n. [Low L. salutatorium.] Place of 
greeting. 

8A-L0TE', v. U [L. saluto ; It. salutare ; Sp. saludar ; Fr. sa- 
luer.] 1. To greet ; to hail ; to address with expressions 
of kind wishes. 2. To please ; to gratify ; [unnsual.] 3. 
To kiss. — 4. In military and naval affairs, to honor some 
person or nation by a discharge of cannon or small arms, 
by striking colors, by shouts, &c. 

8A-L0TE', n. 1. The act of expressing kind wishes or re- 
spect ; salutation ; greeting. 2. A kiss. — 3. In military af- 
fairs, a discharge of cannon or small arms in honor of 
some distinguished personage ; also the ceremony of beat- 
ing the drums, &c, for the same purpose. — 4. In the navy, 
n testimony of respect or deference to the rank of a per- 
son, or on the anniversary of some festival ; rendered also 
by the vessels of one nation to those of another, or to for- 
eign ports, and performed by a discharge of cannon, &c. 
-Totten. 

SA-LOTED, pp. Hailed ; greeted. 

SA-LuT'ER, 7?. One who salutes. 

6AL-U-TIPER-OUS. a. [L.salutifer.] Bringing health. Den- 
nis. — Cudworth. — Syn. Healthful ; healthy ; salutary ; sa- 
lubrious. 

8AL-VA-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being saved or ad- 
mitted to everlasting life. — Saunderson. 

SAL'VA-BLE, a. [L. salvus.] That may be saved, or re- 
ceived to everlasting happiness ; admitting of salvation. 

SAL'VA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being salvable. 

SAL'VA-BLY, adv. In a salvable manner. 

SAL'VAgE, n. [Fr. salvage.] In commerce, a reward or rec- 
ompense allowed by law for the saving of a ship or goods 
from loss at sea. 

!• SAL'VAGE. for savage. See Savage. 

SAL-Va'TION, 7i. [It. salvazione ; Sp. salvation.] 1. The act 
of saving ; preservation from destruction, danger, or great 
calamity.— 2. Appropriately, in theology, the redemption of 
man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, 
and the conferring on him everlasting happiness. 3. De- 
liverance from enemies ; victory. — Ex., xiv. 4. Remission 
of sins, or saving graces. — Luke, xix. 5. The Author of 
man's salvation. — Ps. xxvii. 6. A term of praise or bene- 
diction. — Rev., xix. 

SAL'VA-TO-RY, ra. [Fr. salvatoire.] A place where things 
are preserved ; a repository. — Hale. 

* SALVE (sav), v. [Sax. scalfe ; from L. salvus.] 1. An ad- 

hesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds 
or sores. 2. Help ; remedy. 

* SaLVE (sav), v. t. 1. To heal by applications or medica- 

ments; [little used.] 2. To help; to remedy; [little used.] 
3. To help or lemedy by a salvo, excuse, or reservation ; 
[little 7i.sed.\ 4. To salute ; [obs.] 
SAL'VER, n. A piece of plate with a foot ; or a waiter on 
which articles are carried round or presented — Pope. 
SAL-VIF'JC a. [L, salvus and facio.] Tending to save or 
secure safely. — Ch. Relig. Appeal. 



SAL'VO, n. [L. salvo jure.] 1. An exception ; a reserra 
tion ; an excuse. — K. Charles. 2. A military or naval 
salute. 

SAL'VO PU-DO' RE. [L.] Without offending modesty. 

SAL'VO SEN'S V. [L.j Preserving the sense. 

SAL'VOR n. One who saves a ship or goods at aea. 

SA-Ma'RA, 7i. [L.] An indehiscent superior fruit with dry 
cells, and elongated into wing-like expansions, as in the 
ash, maple, and elm. — Lindlcy. 

SA-MAR'I-TAN, a. 1. Pertaining to Samaria. 2. A term 
■denoting the ancient characters and alphabet used by the 
Hebrews before the Babylonish captivity, and retained by 
the Samaritans. 

SA-MAR'1-TAN, n. 1. An inhabitant of Samaria, or on« 
who belonged to the sect which derived their appellation 
from that city. 2. The language of Samaria, a dialect of 
the Chaldean. 

SAM'BO, n. The offspring of a negro person and a mulatto 

SaME, a. [Sax. same ; Goth, sama, samo ; Dan. samme ; Svr 
samme.] 1. Identical ; not different or other. 2. Of the 
identical kind or species, though not the specific thing. 3. 
That was mentioned before. — Daniel. 4. Equal ; exactly 
similar. 

ISA ME, adv. [Sax. sam.] Together.— Spenser. 

SaME'NESS, 7i. 1. The state of being not different or other. 
2. The state of being perfectly alike ; near resemblance ; 
correspondence ; similarity ; as, sameness of key or pitch, 
— Syn. Identity ; identicalness ; oneness. 

Sa'MI-AN EARTH (-erth), n. [Gr. Samos.] The name of a 
marl of two species, formerly used in medicine as an as- 
tringent 

Sa'MI-AN SToNE, n. A sort of polishing stone from the 
jsland of Samos : used by goldsmiths. 

Sa'MI-EL, In. [Ar. samom.] A hot and destructive wind 

SI-MOOM', 5 that sometimes blows in Arabia and the ad- 
jacent countries from the desert. 

t Sa'MiTE, n. [Old Fr.] A species of silk stuff. 

SAM'LET, n. A little salmon.— Walton. 

SAMP, 72. A species of food composed of maize broken oi 
bruised, boiled, and eaten with milk. [New England.] 

SAM'PAN, n. A Chinese boat from 12 to If) feet long, in 
which ja Chinese family lives on the Canton River. — Smart. 

SAM'PHlRE (sam'fire), n. [said to be a corruption of Saint 
Pierre.] An herb, crithmum maratimum, growing usually 
on cliffs by the sea, and used for pickling. The name is 
applied, in the United States, to salicornia kcrbacca, which 
is called glass-wort in England 

SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemplum ; Sp., Port, exemplo ; It. esempio ; 
Fr. exemple ; Ir. somplar.] 1. A specimen ; a part of any 
thing presented for inspection, or intended to be shown, 
as evidence of the quality of the whole. 2. Example ; in- 
stance. 

SAM'PLE, v. t. To show something similar. — Ainsworth. 

SAM'PLER, n. [L. exemplar.] A pattern of work; a speci 
men ; particularly, a piece of needle-work by young girls 
for improvement. 

SAM'SON'S-P6ST, n. In ships, a strong post resting on the 
keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck over the hold , 
also, a temporary or movable pillar carrying a leading 
block or pulley. — Brande. 

SAN'A-BLE, a. [L. sanabilis.] That may be healed or 
cured; susceptible of remedy. More. — Syn. Remediable; 
curable ; healable. 

SAN-A-BIL'I-TY, 

SAN'A-BLE-NESS. 

tSA-NA'TION, n. [L. sanatio.] The act of healing or cur 
ing. — Wiseman. 

SAN'A-TfVE, a. [L. sano, to heal.] Having the power to 
cure or heal ; healing ; tending to heal. 

SAN'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The power of healing. 

SAN'A-TO-RY, a. 1. Healing. 2. Tending or adapted to 
guard public health. — Sanitary is more common. 

SAN-BEN-'i'TO, n. A robe painted with hideous figures, 
worn by persons condemned by the Inquisition. 

SANCE'-BELL, \n. The same as saints' -bell, which se« 

SAN€TE'-BELL, 5 —Gloss, of Archit. 

t SANCTI-FI-CaTE, v. t. To sanctify.— Barrow. 

SAN€-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; Low L. sanctificath.'] 1 
The act of making holy ; also, the state of being madf 
holy. 2. The act of consecrating or of setting apart for n 
sacred purpose ; consecration. 

SANCTI-FI.ED, pp. or a. 1. Made holy ; consecrated; eel 
apart for sacred services. 2. Affectedly holy. 

SANC'TI-FT-ER, n. He who sanctifies or makes holy. 

SANCTIFY, v. t. [Fr. sanctifier ; It. sa.nctificare ; Sp. santifi 
car ; Low L. sanciifico.] 1. In a general sense, to cleanse 
make pure, or holy. 2. To separate, set apart, or appoin 
to a holy, sacred, or religious use. 3. To prepare for di 
vine service, and for partaking of holy things.— Ex., xix 
4. To separate, ordain, and appoint to the work of redemp- 
tion and the government of the Church. — John, x. 5. To 
cleanse from corruption ; to make pure from sin. 6 To 
make the means of holiness ; to render productive of ho- 



n. State of beins: curable. 



S% Synopsis. A, f , 1, &c, long.—l, E, I , &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



SAN 



879 



SAN 



Uness or piety. 7. To make free from guilt. 8. To se- 
cure from violation.- -Syn. To hallow; consecrate; purify. 

8ANGTI-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Making holy; purifying from 
the defilements of sin ; separating to a holy use. 2. a. 
Tending to sanctify ; adapted to inci-ease holiness. 

3AN€TI-FY-ING-L Y, adv. In a way to sanctify. 

SAN€-TIL'0-QUENT, a. [L. sanctus and loquor.] Dis- 
coursing on heavenly things. 

SAN€-TI-Mo'NJ-OUS, a. [L. sanctimonia.] Saintly having 
the appearance of sanctity. 

SAN€-TI-M5'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sanctimony. 

SAN€-TI-Mo'NI-OU8-NE3S, n. State of being sanctimoni- 
ous ; sanctity, or the appearance of it ; devoutness. 

3ANCTI-MO-NY, n. [L. sanctimonia.] Holiness ; devout- 
ness ; scrupulous austerity ; sanctity, or the appearance 
of it — Raleigh. [Little used.] 

SANCTION (sank'shun), n. [Fr. ; L. sanctio.] 1. An official 
act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to 
the act of some other person or body. 2. Confirmation 
derived from testimony, character, influence, or custom. 
3. A law or decree.— Denham ; [improper.] — Syn. Ratifi- 
cation ; authorization ; authority ; countenance ; support. 

SANCTION, v. t. To give validity or authority to. Burke. 
— Syn. To ratify ; confirm ; authorize ; countenance ; 
support. 

SANCTIONED (sank'shund), pp. Ratified ; confirmed ; au- 
thorized. 

SANCTION-ING, ppr. Ratifying; authorizing. 

SANCT1-TUDE, n. [L. sanctus, sanctitudo.] Holiness ; sa- 
credness . — Milton . 

SANCTI-TY, n. [L. sanctitas.] 1. State of being sacred or 
holy. 2. State of being pure or godly. 3. State of being 
sacred or solemnly binding. 4. A saint or holy being ; 
[unusual.] —Syn. Holiness ; godliness ; piety ; devotion ; 
goodness j purity ; religiousness ; sacredness ; solemnity. 

t SAN€'TU-A-RlZE, v. t. [from sanctuary.] To shelter by 
means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. — Shak. 

SANCTU-A-RY (sankt'yu-a-re), n. [Fr. sanctuaire; It, Sp. 
santuario ; L. sanctuarium.] 1. A sacred place ; particu- 
larly, among the Israelites, the most retired part of the 
temple at Jerusalem, or of the tabernacle, called the Holy 
of Holies. 2. The temple at Jerusalem. 3. A house con- 
secrated to the worship of God ; a place where divine 
service is performed. — 4. In Roman Catholic churches, that 
part of a church where the altar is placed, encompassed 
with a balustrade. 5. A place of protection ; sacred asy- 
lum. 6. Shelter ; protection. 

SAN-CTUM SAN-6-To'RUM. [L.] Most holy place. 

SAND, n. [Sax., G.. Sw., Dan. sand; D. zand.] 1. Any mass 
or collection of fine particles of stone, particularly of fine 
particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced to pow- 
der or dust. — 2. Sands, in the plural, tracts of land consist- 
ing of sand, like the desert3 of Arabia and Africa. 

SAND, v. t. 1. To sprinkle with sand. 2. To drive upon 
the sand. 

SAND'-BAG, n. A bag filled with sand or earth, used in 
fortification. 

SAND'-BaTH, n. A bath made by warm sand, with which 
something is enveloped. 

SAND'-BLlND, a. Having a defect of sight, by means of 
which small particles appear to fly before the eyes. 

SAND-BOX, n. 1. A box with a perforated top or cover 
for sprinkling paper with sand. 2. An evergreen South 
American tree, whose fruit, when ripe, bursts with a loud 
noise. 

SAND'-DRIFT, n. Drifting sand. 

SAND-EEL, n. A fish of the eel family, with a deeply- 
forked tail. It usually buries itself in the moist sand after 
the retiring of the tide. 

8AND'-FL66D, n. A vast body of sand moving or borne 
along the deserts of Arabia. — Bruce. 

SAND'-HeAT, n. The heat of warm sand, in chemical op- 
erations. 

SAND'-Pa-PER, n. Paper covered on one side with a fine 
gritty substance for smoothing and polishing. 

SAND'-Pl-PER, n. A name common to several species 
of wading birds belonging to the woodcock and snipe 
family. 

SAND-W6RT (-wurt), n. A small plant of the genus 
arenaria. 

SAN'DAL, n. [Fr. sandale ; It. sandalo ; Sp. sandalia ; L. 
sandalium.] 1. A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fasten- 
ed to the toot.— Pops. 2. A shoe or slipper worn by the 
pope and other Roman Catholic prelates when they offi- 
ciate. 

SAN'DAL, ? n. [Ax.] The wood of a low tree re- 

8ANTJAL-WOOD. $ sembling the privet, and growing on 
the coast of Malabar and in the Indian archipelago, &c. 
The hard yellow wood in the center of the old sandal- 
tree is highly esteemed for its fragrant perfume, and is 
much used for cabinet-work, <fcc. See, also, Sanders. 

SAN'DAL.ED, a. Having on sandals. 

8ANT)AL-I-FORM, a. Shaped like a sandal or slipper. 



In. [L. sandaraca.] 1. A resin in wniu 
5 tears, more transparent than those ol 



SAN'DA-RA€, 

SAN'DA-RACH, 
mastic. It is used, when powdered and mingled with a 
little chalk, to prevent ink from sinking into paper. 2. 
The combination of arsenic and sulphur called realgar. 

SAND'ED, pp. 1. Sprinkled with sand. 2. a. Covered 
with sand ; barren. 3. Marked with small spots ; varie- 
gated with spots; speckled: of a sandy color. 4. Short 
sighted. 

SAN-DE-Ma'NI-AN, n. A follower of Robert Sandeman, 
who, in 1757, published writings of a highly antinomian 
character.— Brande. 

SAND'ER-LING, n. A small wading bird allied to the dot 
terel and to the sand-piper. 

SAN'DERS, n. The red sanders wood, sometimes called 
red sandal wood, is the produce of a lofty tree of India, 
has a bright garnet red color, and is used for its coloring 
matter. 

SAN'DE-VER, In. [Fr. sain de verre or saint de verre.] 

SAN'DI-VER, 5 Glass-gall ; a whitish salt which is cast up 
from the materials of glass in fusion. 

SAND'I-NESS, n. [from sandy.] 1. The state of beinj; 
sandy. 2. The state of being of a sandy color. 

SAND'ING, ppr. Sprinkling or covering with sand. 

SAND'ISH, a. [from sand.] Approaching the nature of 
sand ; loose ; not compact.— Evelyn. 

SAND'IX, n. A kind of minium or red-lead, made of ce- 
ruse, but inferior to the true minium. — Encyc. 

SAND'SToNE, n. A stone or rock composed chiefly of 
grains of quartz united by a cement, calcareous, marly, 
argillaceous, or silicious. 

SAND'WICH, n. Two pieces of bread and butter with a 
thin slice of ham or other salt meat between them ; said to 
have been a favorite dish of the Earl of Sandwich. — Grose. 

SAND'Y, a. [Sax. sandig.] 1. Abounding with sand ; full 
of sand ; covered or sprinkled with sand. 2. Consisting 
of sand ; not firm or solid. 3. Of the color of sand ; of a 
yellowish-red color. 

SINE, a. [L. sanus ; D. gezond; G. gesund.] 1. Not dis 
ordered or shattered. 2. Not disordered ; having the reg 
ular exercise of reason and other faculties of the mind 
Syn. Sound ; healthy ; underanged. 

SaNE'NESS, n. State of being sane or of sound mind 

SANG, pret. of sing. 

SAN"GA-REE', n. Sweetened wine and water. 

SaNG FRO ID (sang frwa'), n. [Fr., cold blood.] 1. Cooi- 
ness ; freedom from agitation or excitement of mind 2, 
Indifference. 

SAN'GI-A€, n. A Turkish governor of a sangiacate or dis- 
trict forming part of a pashawlic. — Brande. 

SAN'6I-A-€aTE, n. A division of a Turkish pashawlic. — 
Brande. 

SAN"GUIF'ER-OUS (sang-gwif-), a. [L. sanguifer.] Con- 
veying blood. The sanguiferous vessels are the arteries 
and veins. 

SAN"GUI-FI-Ca'TION, n. {Fr.] In the animal economy, the 
production of blood ; the conversion of chyle into blood. 
— Arbuthnot. 

SAN"GUI-Fl-ER, n. A producer of blood.— Floyer. 

SAN"GUIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. saiiguis and fiuo.] Floating or 
running with blood. 

SAN"GUI-FY (sang'gwe-fi), v. i. To produce blood.— Hale 

SAN"GUI-FY-ING, ppr. Producing blood. 

SAN"G0"IN-A-R1-LY, adv. In a blood-thirsty manner. 

SAN"GUIN-A-RY (sang'gwin-a-re), a. [Fr. sanguinaire ; L. 
sanguinarius.] 1. Attended with much bloodshed. 2. 
Eager to shed blood.— Syn. Bloody ; murderous ; blood- 
thirsty ; savage ; cruel. 

SAN"GUIN-A-RY, n. A plant, blood-wort.— Ash. 

SAN"GUlNE (sang'gwin), a. [Fr. sanguin ; L. sanguineus.] 
1. Red ; having the color of blood.— Milton. 2. Abound- 
ing with blood ; plethoric. 3. Characterized by warm 
ness or ardor, as temper. 4. Having confidence. — Syn 
Warm ; ardent ; animated ; lively ; confident ; hopeful. 

t SAN"GUlNE, n. Blood color.— Spenser. 

SAN"GUINE, v. t. 1. To stain with blood. 2. To stain or 
varnish with a blood color. 

SAN"GUf NE-LESS, a. Destitute of blood ; pale. [Rare.] 

SAN"GUlNE-LY (sang'gwin-le), adv. Ardently ; with confi- 
dence of success. 

SAN"GUiNE-NESS, n. 1. Redness ; color of blood in the 
skin. 2. Fullness of blood; plethora. 3. Ardor; heat ol 
temper ; confidence. 

SAN"GUIN'E-OUS, a. [L. sanguineus.] 1. Abounding with 
blood ; plethoric. 2. Constituting blood. 

tSAN"GUIN'I-TY, for sanguineness.— Swift. 

SAN'GUIN'O-LENT, a. Bloody. 

SAN"GUI-SUOE, n. [L. sanguisuga.] The blood-sucker ; a 
leech, or horse-leech. — Encyc. 

SAN'HE-DRIM. n. [Low L. synedrium.] The great council 
of the Jews, which consisted of 71 or 72 members, and de- 
cided the most important causes, both ecclesiastical and 
civil. — P. Cyc. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, V1"C10US.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH aa 8H ; TH as in this, t Obsoklc 



SAP 



880 



SAR 



HAN'I-^'LE, n. [from L. sano.\ Self-heal, a plant of the ge- 
nus sanicula. 

Sa'NI-eS, n. [L.] A thin reddish discharge from wounds 
or sores ; a serous matter, less thick and white than pus, 
and having a slight tinge of red. 

Sa/NI-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its 
nature and appearance ; thin and serous, with a slight 
bloody tinge. 2. Excreting or effusing a thin, serous red- 
dish matter. 

SAN'I-TA-RY, a. Pertaining to or designed to secure health ; 
as, sanitary regulations. 

SAN'I-TY, n. [L. sanitas.] Soundness ; particularly, a sound 
state of mind ; the state of a mind in the perfect exercise 
of reason. 

SAN'JAK, n. See Sangiac. 

SANK, pret. of sink, but nearly obsolete. 

SAN'NAH, n. The name of certain kinds of India muslins. 

SANS, prep. [Fr.J Without.— Shah. 

SAN'SCRIT, n. [According to H. T. Colebrooke, Sanscrit 
signifies the polished dialect. It is sometimes written Shan- 
scrit, and also Sanskrit.] The ancient language of Hin- 
dostan, from which are formed all the modern languages 
or dialects of the srreat peninsula of India. 

Sk'NS €U-LOTTES' (sang ku-lof). [Fr. without breeches.] 
Ragged fellows ; a name of reproach given, in the first 
French revolution, to the extreme republican party. 

SANS-CO'LOT-TISM, n. Extreme republican principles. 

SMS SoU-Cl' (sang soo-see'). [Fr.] Without care; free 
and easy. 

S AN'TA-LIN, n. The coloring matter of red sandal wood. 

SAN'TER. See Saunter. 

SANTON. n. A Turkish priest ; a kind of dervis. 

SANTO-NIN, n. A proximate vegetable principle obtained 
from the seed of the artemisia sanlonica ; white, crystalliz- 
able, and bitterish.— Brando. 

SAP, n. [Sax. sap ; D. zap ; G. saft.] 1. The juice of plants 
of any kind. 2. The alburnum of a tree ; the exterior 
part of the wood, next to the bark ; [a sense in general use 
in New England.] The ascending sap of exogenous plants 
flows in the vessels of the alburnum or sap-wood, and is 
colorless ; the descending sap flows in the vessels of the 
liber or inner bark, and is often colored. 

SAP, v. t. [Fr. saper ; It. zappare; Arm. sappa.] 1. To un- 
dermine ; to subvert by digging or wearing away ; to 
mine. 2. To undermine ; to subvert by removing the 
foundation of. 

SAP, v. i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly under- 
mining. 

SAP, n. In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an ap- 
proach made to a fortified place by digging under cover 
of gabions, &c. 

SAF-C6L-OR, n. An expressed vegetable juice thickened 
by evaporation for a pigment. — Parke. 

SAP-GREEN, n. A light green pigment prepared from the 
juice of the ripe berries of the buckthorn.— Francis. 

SAP'-Sa'GO, n. A kind of cheese made in Switzerland, 
having a dark green color and agreeable flavor. — Farm. 
Encyc. 

SAP'-TuBE, n. A vessel that conveys sap. — De Candolle. 

SAP'-WOOD, n. The external part of wood. 

SAP'A-JoU, }n. A name given to those South American 

SAP'A-Jo, 5 monkeys which have prehensile tails. 

SA-PAN'-WOOD, n. An Asiatic dye-wood, resembling Bra- 
zil wood. 

SAPTD, a. [L. sapidus.] Tasteful ; tastable ; having the 
power of affecting the organs of taste. 

SA-PID'I-TY, ) n. Taste ; tastefulness ; savor ; the quality 

SAPTD-NES8, $ of affecting the organs of taste. 

Sa'PI-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sapienlia.] Wisdom; sageness ; 
knowledge — Swift. 

SI'PI-ENT, a. Characterized by wisdom or discernment. 
— Syn. Sage ; sagacious ; knowing ; wise ; discerning. 

Sa-PI-EN'TIAL (-shal). a. Affording wisdom or instructions 
for wisdom.— Bp. Richardson. [Not much used.] 

Sa'PI-ENT-LY, adv. Wisely ; sagaciously. 

SAP'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of sap. 2. Dry ; old ; husky. 

SAP'LING, n. [from sap. 1 A young tree.— Milton. 

SAP-O-DIL'LA, ? n. A large tree of South America, the 

ZAP-O-TIL'LA, 5 sapota achras, whose bark is employed 
in medicine as an astringent, and whose fruit is used as a 
dessert. 

SAP-O-Na'CEOUS (-shus), a. [from L. sapo.) Soapy; re- 
sembling soap ; having the qualities of soap. 

SAP'O-NA RY, a. Saponaceous. 

9A-PON-I-FI-€a'TION, n. Conversion into soap. 

SA-PON'I-Fi£D (-fide), pp. Converted into soap. 

SA-PON'I-FY, v. t. [L. sapo and facio.] To convert into 
soap. 

SAP'O-NIN, n. A peculiar substance from the root of sapo- 
naria officinalis, or soap-wort. It is the cause of the lather 
which the root forms with water. — Brande. 

SAP'O-NULE, n. An imperfect soap formed by the action 
of an alkali upon an essential oil. 



Sa'POR, n. [L.] Taste; savor; xelish; the power of af- 
fecting the organs of taste. — Brown. 

SAP-O-RIF'IC, a. [Fr. saporifique.] Having the power to 
produce taste ; producing taste. — Johnson. 

SAP-O-ROS'I-TY, n. The quality of body by which it ex- 
cites the sensation of taste. 

SAP'O-ROUS, a. Having taste ; yielding some kind of taste. 
— Bailey. 

SA-Po'TA, n. In botany, a tree or plant, the sapota achras. 

SAP-PA-DIL'LO-TREE, n. A tree of the genus slodnea.— 
Lee. 

SAP'PARE, n. A mineral or species of earth. 

SAPPJED (sapt), pp. Undermined ; subverted. 

SAP'PER, n. One who saps. — In an army, sappers and 
miners are employed in working at saps, building and re- 
pairing fortifications, &c. 

SAP'PHIC (saf Ik), a. Pertaining to Sappho, a Grecian poet- 
ess. — The Sapphic verse consists of five feet, of which the 
first and two last are trochees, the second a spondee, and 
the third a dactyl. — The Sapphic strophe consists of three 
Sapphic verses followed by an Adonic. — Brande. 

* SAP'PHIRE (saf'fire or saf'fer), n. [L. sapphirus.] Pure 
crystallized alumina. The name sapphire is usually re- 
stricted to the blue hexagonal crystals, other varieties be- 
ing called Oriental ruby, Oriental amethyst, corundum or 
emery.— Sapphire is next in hardness to the diamond. — 
Dana. 

S AP'PHIR-iNE, a. Resembling sapphire ; made of sapphire ; 
having the qualities of sapphire. 

SAP'PHIR-iNE, n. A pale-blue or green mineral, some 
what resembling sapphire, considered by some a variety 
of spinel. — Dana. 

SAP'PI-NESS, n. [from sappy.] The state or quality of be- 
ing full of sap ; succulence ; juiciness. 

SAP'PING, ppr. Undermining ; subverting. 

SAP'PY, a. [Sax. scepig.] 1. Abounding with sap ; juicy . 
succulent 2. Youns ; not firm ; weak. 4. Weak in in 
tellect. 

t SAP'PY, n. [qu. Gr. onmo.] Musty ; tainted. 

SA-PROPH'A-GANS, n. pi. [Gr. canpos and <payu.] A tribe 
of coleopterous insects which feed on animal and vegeta- 
ble substances in a state of decomposition. — Brande. 

SAR'A-BA-lTE, n. One of a sect of Oriental monks, who 
secede from ordinary monastic life. 

SAR'A-BAND, n. [Sp. zarabauda ; Port., It. sarabanda ; Fr. 
sarabande.] A grave Spanish dance to an air in triple 
time ; also, the air itself. 

SAR'A-CEN, n. An Arabian ; so called from sara, a desert. 

SAR-A-CEN'I€, \a. 1. Pertaining to the Saracens, in- 

SAR-A-CEN'IC-AL, 5 habitants of Arabia. 2. Denoting the 
architecture of the Saracens, the modern Gothic. 

SAR'A-SIN, \n. 1. A plant, a kind of birth-wort. 2. A 

SAR'RA-SlNE, 5 portcullis or herse. 

SaR'CASM, n. [L. sarcasmus.] A keen, reproachful expres- 
sion ; a satirical remark or expression, uttered with some 
degree of scorn or contempt. — Syn. Satire ; irony ; ridi- 
cule ; taunt ; gibe. 

SaR-€ASTI€, \a. Bitterly satirical or ironical ; scorn- 

SaR-€AS'TI€-AL, 5 fully severe ; taunting. 

SaR-€ASTI€-AL-LY, adv. In a sarcastic manner ; with 
scornful satire.— South. 

SaRCE'NET (sars'net), n. [qu. saracenicum.] A species of 
fine, thin, woven silk. — Dryden. 

f SaR'-GLE, v. t. [Fr. sarcler ; L. sarculo.] To weed corn. 
Ainsworth. 

SaR'€0-€aRP, n. [Gr. oap\ and KapnoS.] In botany, the 
fleshy part of a drupaceous pericarp, between the skin 
and the stone or endocarp. f 

SaR'CO-CELE, n. [Gr. <sap\ and knXn.]. A fleshy and firm 
tumor of a testicle, with a simple vascular texture, not in- 
flammatory. 

SaR'CO-€OL, )n. [Gr. capl and ko\\u.] A semi-trans- 

SaR'CO-€OL-LA, 3 parent solid substance, imported from 
Arabia and Persia in grains of a Hght-yellow or red color. 
It is an inspissated sap. 

SaR'CO-LiNE, a. [Gr. anp\, flesh.] In mineralogy, flesh- 
colored.— Shepard. 

SaR'CO-LTTE, n. [flesh-stone.] A name of a variety anal- 
cime from Vesuvius. It has been also applied to a va- 
riety of chabasite, and to the mineral Humboldtilite. - 
Dana. 

SaR-CO-LOgi'1-G-AL, a. Pertaining to sarcology. 

SaR-€OL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. aapl and Xoyog.] That part of an 
atomy which treats of the soft parts of the body. 

SaR-€o'MA, n. [Gr. from aapl-] Any fleshy and firm tn 
mor not inflammatory, attended with dull sensation anc 
slugsish growth. 

SaR-€~OPH'A-GOUS (-kof'a-gus), a. Feeding on flesh ; flesh 
eating.— Diet. See Sarcophagus. 

SaR-€OPH'A-GUS (-kof'a-gus), n. [L.] 1. A species of stonn 
used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so 
called because it consumed the flesh of bodies deposited 
in it within a few weeks. Hence, 2. A stone coffin or 



See Synapsis. A, E, I, &c, long;—!, S, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE. BOOK 



SAT 



881 



SAT 



. [L. sardius.] A precious stone. — Ex., xxviii., 
11— Rev., iv., 3. 



tomb in which the ancients deposited bodies which they 
chose not to burn. — Pliny. — Smith's Diet. 

3aR-€0PHA-<JY, n. The practice of eating flesh.— Brown. 

3aR-€OT'I€, a. [Gr. aai\.] In surgery, producing or gen- 
erating flesh. 

SXR-€OT'I€, re. A medicine or application which promotes 
the growth of flesh ; an incarnative. 

f SaR-€U-La.TION, re. [L. sarculatio.] A raking or weed- 
ing with a rake. 

SaR'DA-CHATE, n. A sort of agate containing sard. 

SARD, }n. A variety of chalcedony of a brownish- 

SaR'DOIN, ) red color ; carnelian.— Dana. 

SaR'DEL, 

sardine, 

SaR'DI-US, 

SaR'DINE, n. A fish of the herring family, often prepared, 
like the anchovy, as a delicacy. 

SaR-DIN'1-AN, a. Pertaining to the island, kingdom, or peo- 
ple of Sardinia. 

SaR-DON'I€, a. An epithet applied to that forced, heart- 
less, or bitter laugh or grin, which ill conceals a person's 
real feelings. It is derived from the sardonicus risus (sar- 
donic or sardonian laugh), a spasmodic affection of the 
muscles of the face giving it a horrible appearance of 
laughter, and said to be produced by eating the herba sar- 
donica. a species of ranunculus. 

SaR-DONTC, a. Denoting a kind of linen made at Colchis. 

* SaR'DO-NYX, re. [L. sardonyches, from Gr. aapoovvl, from 
Sardis.] A reddish-yellow or orange-colored silicious 
stone or gem, nearly allied to onyx. 

SAR'1-GuE, n. The popular name of Didelpkys opossum, 
an animal of Cayenne, nearly allied to the Virginian 
opossum. 

I- SX.RK, re. [Sax. syrc] 1. In Scotland, a shirt 2. A shark. 

SaR'LAC, re. The grunting ox of Tartary. 

SaR-MaTIAN, \ a. Pertaining to Sarmatia and its inhabit- 

SaR-MAT'I€, ) ants. 

SiR'MENT, n. A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of 
the strawberry. — Lindley. 

SAR-MEN-ToSE', )a. [L. sarmentosus.] In botany, a sar- 

S "R-MENTOUS, j mentose stem is a runner or sarment. 

S/RN, n. A British word for pavement or stepping-stones. 

Sii-RON'I€, a. Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica 
and Sparta. — D'Anville. 

SaR'PLAR, re. A sarplar of wool is a sack containing 80 
tod ; a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each. 

SIRTLI-ER, 72. [Fr. serpilliere. ] Canvas, or a packing- 
cloth — Bailey. 

SSR-SA-PA-RIL/LA, ?re. A plant a species of smilax, whose 

SSR'SA, 5 root is valued in medicine. 

SiRSE, re. [qu. sarcenet, or Fr. sas.] A fine sieve; usually 
written searce or searse. [Little used.] 

SaRSE, v. t. To sift through a sarse. [Little used.) 

SaRT. re. A piece of woodland turned into arable. 

SaR-ToHI-US, re. [L. sartor.] The muscle which throws 
one leg across the other, called the tailor's muscle. 

SASH, 7i. [Ar.] 1. A belt worn for ornament. 2. [Fr. chas- 
siz. — Ask. — Bailey.] The frame of a window in which the 
lights or panes of glass are set. 

SASH-FRAME, 72. The frame in which sashes are set for 
glass. 

SASH'OON. re. A kind of leather stuffing put into a boot for 
the wearer's ease. — Ainsworth. 

SAS'SA-FRAS, re. [L. saxifraga.] A tree, the laurus sassa- 
fras, whose bark has an aromatic smell and taste. 

SASSE (sas), re. [D. sas.] A sluice, canal, or lock, on a nav- 
igable river. — Todd. [A word found in old British statutes.] 

SAS'SO-LIN, ? re. Native boracic acid, found in saline in- 

SAS'SO-LiNE. ) crustations on the borders of hot springs 
near Sasso. 

SASTRA, re. Among the Hindoos, a law or institute ; ap- 
plied particularly to a book containing the institutes of 
their religion, considered of divine authority. It is also 
applied, in a wider sense, to treatises containing the laws 
or institutes of the various arts and sciences, as rhetoric, 
&c. — Wilson's Sanscrit Diet. See Shaster. 

SAT, pret. of sit. 

SATAN, n. [Heb., an adversary.] The grand adversary of 
man ; the devil, or prince of darkness ; the chief of the 
fallen angels. 

SA-TANTG, > a. Having the qualities of Satan j resem- 

8A-TAN1C-AL, 5 bling Satan ; extremely malicious or 
wicked : devilish ; infernal. 

SA-TAN'I€-AL-LY, adv. With the wicked aDd malicious 
spirit of Satan ; diabolically. — Hammond. 

SATAN-ISM, re. The evil and malicious disnosition of Sa- 
tan ; a diabolical spirit. 

SATAN-IST, 72. A very wicked person. [Little used.] 

SATCHEL, re. A little sack or bag. See Sachel. 

SATE, v. t. [L. satio ; It. saziare.] To satiate ; to satisfy ap- 
petite ; to glut ; to feed beyond natural desire. 

f SITE (sat), old pret. of sit, for sat.—Shak.—Milt.on, 
'JaTED, pp. Filled ; glutted ; satiated. 



SaTE'LESS, a. Insatiable: not capable of being satisnea. 

SATEL-LlTE, re. [Fr., It. satellite; L. satelles.] 1. A sec- 
ondary planet or moon ; a small planet revolving round 
another. 2. A follower ; an obsequious attendant or de- 
pendent 

SAT-EL-LI'TIOUS (-lish'us), a. Consisting of satellites.- 
Cheyne. 

SATIATE (sa'shate), v. t. [L. satiatus.] 1. To fill, or fajljr 
gratify appetite or desire ; to feed to the full, or to furnish 
enjoyment to the extent of desire. 2. To fiil to the extent 
of want. 3. To fill beyond natural desire. 4. To gratify 
desire to the utmost 5. To saturate. Newton, [rare.A- 
Syn. To satisfy ; sate ; suffice ; cloy ; gorge , overfill 
surfeit : glut. 

S5TIATE, a. Filled to satiety; glutted.— Pope. 

SA-TI-a'TION (sa-she-a'shun), re. The state of being filled 
— Whitaker. 

SA-Tl'E-TY, re. [Fr. satiete ; L. satietas.] Properly, fullness 
of gratification, either of the appetite or any sensual de- 
sire ; but it usually implies fullness beyond desire ; an ex- 
cess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loath- 
ing ; state of being glutted. — Syn. Repletion ; satiation ; 
surfeit; cloyment. 

SATIN, re. [Fr. satin ; W. sidan.] A species of glossy silk 
cloth, of a thick, close texture. 

SATTN-FLOW-ER, re. A plant of the genus lunaria. 

SATTN-SPAR re. A fine fibrous variety of carbonate o1 
lime, having a peai'ly lustre. — Dana. 

SATIN-WOOD, 72. A hard, lemon-colored wood from In- 
dia, of a fragrant odor, used in cabinet-work.— Francis. 

SAT-1-NET, 72. 1. A thin species of satin. 2. A particular 
kind of cloth, made of cotton warp and woolen filling. 

SITING, ppr. Filling; glutting; satiating. 

* SATlR-E, 72. [Fr. satire : Sp., L. satira.] 1. A discourse 
or poem in which wickedness or folly is exposed with se- 
verity. 2. Keenness and severity of remark. — Syn. Sar- 
casm ; irony ; ridicule ; lampoon ; pasquinade ; burlesque 
wit: humor. 

SATIRIC, \ a. [L. satrricus ; Fr. satirique.] 1. Belong 

SA-TlR'I€-AL, 5 ing to satire ; conveying satire. 2. Cen- 
sorious; severe in language. — Syn. Cutting; poignant,, 
sarcastic ; bitter ; reproachful ; abusive. 

SA-TlR'I€-AL-LY, adv. With severity of remark ; with in 
vectives ; with intention to censure. 

SAT'IR-IST, re. One who writes satire.— Granville. 

SATTR-lZE, v. t. [Fr. satiriser.] To censure with keenness 
or severity. — Swift. 

SAT'IR-lZ£D, pp. Severely censured. 

SATIR-lZ-ING, ppr. Censuring with severity. 

SAT-IS-F ACTION, re. [Fr. ; L. satisfactio.] 1. That state oi 
the mind which results from the full gratification of desire ; 
repose of mind, or contentment with present possession 
and enjoyment 2. The act of pleasing or gratifying. 3. 
Repose of the mind on the certainty of any thing ; that 
state which results from relief from suspense, doubt, or 
uncertainty : conviction. 4. That which gratifies or pleas- 
es. 5. That which satisfies ; as, satisfaction for an injury 
done or sustained. 6. Payment; discharge, as of a debt 
— Syn. Contentment ; content ; gratification ; pleasure ; 
recompense ; compensation ; amends ; remuneration ; in- 
demnification ; atonement. 

SAT-IS-FACTf VE, a. Giving satisfaction.— Brown. [Rare.] 

SAT-IS-FACTO-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give satis- 
faction or content 2. In a manner to impress conviction 
or belief. 

SAT-IS-FACTO-RI-NESS, re. The power of satisfying or 
giving content. — Boyle. 

SAT-IS-FACTO-RY, a. [Fr. satisfactoire ; Sp. satisfactorio.] 
1. Giving or producing satisfaction ; yielding content; re- 
lieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty and enabling 
it to rest with confidence. 2. Making amends, indemnifi- 
cation, or recompense ; causing to cease from claims and 
to rest content ; atoning. 

SATTS-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be satisfied. 

SATTS-Fl£D (-fide), pp. Having the desires fuUy gratified : 
made content. 

SAT1S-FT-ER, t?. One who erives satisfaction. 

SAT1S-FY, v. t. [L. satisfacio"; Fr. satisfaire.] 1. To afibrd 
full gratification to wants, wishes, or desires ; to supply 
possession or enjoyment till no more is desired. 2. To 
supply fully what is necessary and demanded by natural 
laws. 3. To pay to content or to the full extent of cMms. 
4. To appease by punishment 5. To free from doubt, 
suspense, or uncertainty; to cause the mind to rest in 
confidence by ascertaining the truth. 6. To convince , 
as, to satisfy one of a fact or truth. 7. To pay ; to dis- 
charge, as a debt— Syn. To content; please ; "gratify ; sa- 
tiate ; sate ; recompense ; compensate ; remunerate ; in- 
demnify. 

SATIS-F?, v. i. 1. To give content 2. To feed or supply 
to the full. 3. To make payment. 

SATTS-F y-ING, ppr. Giving content; feedins or supplying 
to the full extent of desire; convincing; ppyimr. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOTTS.— € as K ; 6 aa J ; S as Z ; CH a3 SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Kkk- 



SAU 



882 



SAV 



In a manner tending to satisfy. 
Sown in gardens. 
n. In Persia, the governor of a 



SA'FIS-FY-ING-LY, adv. 
SaTiVE, a. [L. sativus.] 
rfA'TRAP or SATRAP, 

province. 

SAT'RAP-AL, a. Pertaining to a satrap or a satrapy. 
SATRAP-ESS, n. A female satrap.— Mitford. 
SATRAP-Y, n. The government of a satrap. 
SATU-RA-BLE, a. That may be saturated ; capable of sat- 
uration. — Grew. 
SAT'U-RANT, a. [L. saturans.] Saturating; impregnating 

to the full. 
SATU-RANT, n. In medicine, a substance which neutral- 
izes the acid in the stomach. 
SAT'U-RaTE (satfyu-rate), v. t. [L. saturo.] 1. To impreg- 
nate or unite with till no more can be received. 2. To 
supply or fill to fullness. 
SATU-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Supplied to fullness. 
SATU-RX-TING. pp. Supplying to fullness. 
SAT-U-Ra'TION, n. In a general sense, a filling or supply 
to fullness. — In chemistry, solution continued till the solvent 
can contain no more. 
SATUR-DAY, n. [Sax. Sater-dag ; D. Saturday; Saturn's 
day.] The seventh or last day of the week; the day of 
the Jewish Sabbath. 
SA-Tu'RI-TY, n. [L. saturitas.] Fullness of supply; the 

state of being saturated. [Little used.] 
* SAT'URN, n. [L. Saturnus.] 1. In mythology, one of the 
oldest and principal deities, the father of Jupiter. — 2. In 
astronomy, one of the planets of the solar system, next in 
magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. — 3. 
In the old chemistry, an appellation given to lead.— 4. In 
heraldry, the black color in blazoning the arms of sover- 
eign princes. 
SAT-URN- a'LI-A, n, pi. Among the Romans, the festival of 
Saturn, celebrated in December, as a period of unrestrained 
license and merriment for all classes, extending even to 
the slaves. — Smith's Diet. 
SAT-URN- a 'LI-AN, a. [from L. Saturnalia.] 1. Pertaining 

to the Saturnalia. 2. Loose ; dissolute ; sportive. 
SA-TURN'I-AN, a. In fabulous history, pertaining to Saturn, 
whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his 
government, is called the golden age ; hence, golden ; hap- 
py ; distinguished for purity, integrity, and simplicity. 
SATURN-TNE, a. [Fr. saturnien, from L. Saturnus.] 1. 
Supposed to be under the influence of Saturn. 2. Dull ; 
heavy ; grave ; not readily susceptible of excitement ; 
phlegmatic. — 3. In old chemistry, pertaining to lead ; as, 
saturnine compounds. — Silliman. 
SA'PURN-IST, n. A person of a dull, grave, gloomy tern- I 

pe ram en t. — Browne. 
( SAT'URN-lTE, n. A metallic substance, much like lead. 
' Sa'TYR (sa'tur), n. [L. satyrus ; Gr. oarvpos.] In mythol- 
ogy, a sylvan deity or demi-god, represented as part man 
and part goat, and extremely wanton. The satyrs were 
attendants of Bacchus. 
SAT-Y-Rl'A-SIS, 7i. [Gr. aarvpiaai?.] Immoderate venere- 
al appetite. — Coxe. 
SA-TyR'I€, a. Pertaining to satyrs ; as, satyric tragedy.— 

P. Cyc. 
SA-TyR'I-ON, n. A plant supposed to ezcite salacity. 
„ SAUCE, n. [Fr. sauce or sausse.] 1. A mixture or compo- 
sition to be eaten with food for improving its relish. — 2. 
In New England, culinary vegetables and roots oaten with 
flesh. — To serve one the same sauce is to retaliate one injury 
with another ; [vulgar.] 
- SAUCE, v. t. 1. To accompany meat with something to 
give it a higher relish. 2. To gratify with rich tastes. 3. 
To intermix or accompany with any thing good, or, iron- 
ically, with any thing bad. 4. To treat with bitter, pert, 
or tart language : [vulgar.] 
SAUCE'-BOX (saws'-box), n. [from saitcy.] A saucy, impu- 
dent fellow.— Spectator. 
SAUCE'-PAN (saws'-pan), n. A small pan for sauce, or a 
small skillet with a long handle, in which sauce or small 
things are boiled. 
SAU'CER, n. [Fr. sauciere or saussiere.] 1. A small pan in 
which sauce is set on a table. 2. A piece of china or oth- 
er ware, in which a tea-cup or coffee-cup is set. 
SAU'CI-LY, adv. [from saucy.] Impudently ; with imperti- 
nent boldness ; petulantly. — Addison. 
SAU'CI-NESS, n. Impudence ; impertinent boldness ; pet- 
ulance ; contempt of superiors. — Dryden. 
SAUCING (saw'sing). ppr. 1. Accompanying meats with 
"something to give them a higher relish. 2. Gratifying 
with rich tastes. 
SAU'CISSE, \ n. [Fr. saucisse.] In mining or gunnery, a 
SAU'CIS-SON, 5 long pipe or bag, filled with powder, and 
extending from the chamber of the mine to the entrance 
of the gallery. Also, a long bundle of fagots or fascines, 
for raising batteries, &c. 
SAU'CY, a. [from sauce; L. salsus.] 1. Bold to excess; 
transgressing the rules of decorum; treating superiors 
with contempt. It expresses more than pert ; as. a saucy 



boy ; a saucy fellow. 2. Expressive of impudence. — Sw 

Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude. 
SAUER-KRAUT (souri-krout), n. [Ger.] Cabbage prt 

served in brine ; a favorite German dish. — Buchanan. 
SAUL, an old spelling of soul. 
SXUN'CING-BELL. See Sance-bell. 
SaUN'DERS, n. See Sanders. 

* SaUN'TER (san'ter), v. i. 1. To wander or stroll abou 
idly. 2. To loiter ; to linger ; to idle. 

* SaUN'TER, n. A sauntering or place for sauntering.- 

Young. 

* SaUN'TER-ER, n. One who wanders about idly. 
*SiiUNTER-ING, ppr. Wandering about lazily or idly 

loitering. 

* SaUN'TER-ING, n. The act of wandering lazily about cm 

loitering. 
SAUR, n. Soil ; dirt. — Grose. 
SAU'RI-A, n. pi. An order of reptiles comprehending the 

lizards, alligators, &c. See Saurian. 
SAU'Rl-AN, a. [Gr. oavpog.] Designating an order of rep 

tiles, the sauria or saurianss — Ed. Encyc. 
SAU'RI-ANS, n. pi. An order of reptiles, including all that 

are covered with scales and have four legs, as the lizard, 

alligator, &c. 
SAU'ROID, a. [Gr. oavpos and eiSoS-] Having some of the 

characteristics of a saurian ; as, sauroid fish. — Dana. 

* SAU'SAGE, n. [Fr. saucisse.] The intestine of an animal 

stuffed with minced meat seasoned. 
SAUS'SUR-lTE, n. [from M. Saussure.] A tough, massive, 
cleavable mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish color, 
consisting of silica, alumina, lime, oxyd of iron, and soda. 
— Dana. 
SaV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being saved. 
SIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being saved. 
SAVAGE, a. [Fr. sauvage ; Arm. savaich ; It. selvaggio ; Sp. 
salvage.] 1. Pertaining to the forest ; remote from human 
residence and improvements ; as, a savage wilderness. 2. 
Without tameness or gentleness ; as, savage beasts. 3» 
Without civilization or refinement. 4. Characterized by 
fierceness or cruelty. — Syn. Wild ; uncultivated ; un- 
tamed ; untaught ; uncivilized ; unpolished ; rude ; brut- 
ish ; brutal ; heathenish ; barbarous ; cruel ; inhuman ; 
ferocious ; fierce ; pitiless ; merciless ; unmerciful ; mur- 
derous. 
SAVAGE, 72. 1. A human being in his native state of rude 
ness ; one who is untaught, uncivilized, or without culti- 
vation of mind or manners. 2. A man of extreme, un- 
feeling, brutal cruelty ; a barbarian. 3. The name of a 
genus of fierce, voracious flies. 
SAVAGE, v. t. To make wild, barbarous, or cruel. [Rare.] 
SAVAGE-LY, adv. In the manner of a savage; cruelly; 

inhumanly. — Shah. 
SAVAGE-NESS, ra. Wildness; an untamed, uncultivated, 
or uncivilized state ; barbarism. Hence, 2. Cruelty ; bar- 
barousness. 
SAVAGE-RY, n. 1. Wild growth, as of plants.— Shak, 2. 

Cruelty ; barbarity. — Shak. 

SAVAG-ISM, n. The state of rude, uncivilized men ; the 

state of men in their native wildness and rudeness. — Walsh, 

SA-VAN'NA, n. [Sp. sabana.] An extensive, open plain or 

meadow, or a plain destitute of trees and covered with 

grass. 

Sa-VaNT' (sa-vangO, n. ; pi. Savans. [Fr.] A man of learn 

ing ; in the plural, literary men. 
SaVE, v. t. [Fr. sauver; L. salvo ; It. salvare ; Sp. salvar.] 
1. To keep safe from injury, destruction, or evil of any 
kind ; to bring out of danger. 2. To keep from final and 
everlasting destruction, or from eternal death. 3. To free 
from the power and pollution of sin. 4. To hinder from 
being spent or lost, as time or money. 5. To prevent, as 
confusion or loss. 6. To lay by for preservation. 7. To 
hinder from occurrence, as a blush or tear. 8. To salve : 
as, to save appearances. 9. To take or use opportunely, 
so as not to lose. 10. To except or take out from a gen- 
eral admission or account ; as, " Israel burned none of 
them, save Hazor only." Josh., xi. — Syn. To preserve 
rescue ; deliver ; protect ; spare ; reserve ; prevent. 
SaVE, v. i. To hinder expense. — Bacon. 
SIVE'-ALL, n. [save and all.} 1. A small pan inserted in 
a candlestick to save the ends of candles. — Johnson. — 2. 
Among stamen, a small sail sometimes set to catch the 
wind that would pass under another sail. — Tottcn. 
SIV.ED (savd),#p. Preserved from evil, injury, or destruc- 
tion : kept frugally ; prevented ; spared ; taken in time. 
SaV'ER, n. 1. One who saves, preserves, or rescues from 
evil or destruction. 2. One who escapes loss, but without 
gain. 3. One who is frugal in expenses ; an economist.- 
Wotton. 
SAVIN, 72. [Fr. savinier ; L., Sp. sabinaS An evergreeu 
tree or shrub. The savin of Europe is allied to the red 
cedar of America, which last, also, is sometimes called 

1. Rescuing or keeping from evil or destiac 



savin. •. 

Saving, ppr. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— A, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



SAX 



883 



SCA 



tion ; hindering from waste or loss ; taking or using in 
time. 2. Excepting. 3. a. Not lavish ; avoiding unneces- 
sary expenses. 4. That saves in returns or receipts the 
principal or sum employed or expended ; that incurs no 
loss, though not gainful. 5. That secures everlasting sal- 
vation.— Syn. Preserving; delivering; sparing; frugal; 
thrifty ; economical ; parsimonious ; penurious. 

SaV'ING, ». 1. Something kept from being expended or 
lost. 2. Exception; reservation. 

3XVING-LY, adv. 1. With frugality or parsimony. 2. So 
as to be finally saved fi )m eternal death. 

SaVING-NESS, to. 1. Frugality; parsimony; caution not 
to expend money without" necessity or use. 2. Tendency 
to promote eternal salvation. 

SAVINGS-BANK, to. A bank in which the savings or earn- 
ings of the poor are deposited and put to interest for their 
benefit. 

SaVIOR ^(sav'yur), to. [Fr. smiveur.] 1. One who saves, 

SaVIOUR 5 preserves, or delivers from destruction or 
danger. 2 Kings, xiii., 5. — 2. Properly and appropriately, 
Jesus Christ, the Redeemer of the world. 

Sa'VOR, n. [Fr. saveur ; L. sapor.] 1. Taste or odor ; some- 
thing that perceptibly affects the organs of taste and smell. 
2. The quality which renders a thing valuable ; the quali- 
ty which renders other bodies agreeable to the taste.— 3. 
In Scripture, character ; reputation. — Ex., v. 4. Cause ; 
occasion. 2 Cor., ii. — Sweet savor, in Scripture, denotes 
that which renders a thing acceptable to God, or his ac- 
ceptance. — Syn. Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell. 

Sa'VOR, v. i. 1. To have a particular smell or taste. 2. 
To partake of the quality or nature of; or to have the ap- 
pearance of. 

Sa'VOR, v. t. L To like ; to taste or smell with pleasure. 
— Shah. 2. To like ; to delight in ; to favor. — Matt., xvi. 

Sa'VORED, pp. Tasted or smelled with pleasure. 

Sa'VOR-I-LY, adv. 1. With gust or appetite. — Dryden. 2. 
With a pleasing relish. — Dryden. 

Sa'VOR-I-NESS, n. Pleasing taste or smell. 

Sa'VOR-LESS, a. Destitute of smell or taste ; insipid. 

Sa'VOR-LY, a. Well-seasoned ; of good taste. 

Sa'VOR-LY, adv. With a pleasing relish. — Barrow. 

Sa'VOR- Y, a. Pleasing to the organs of smell or taste. — 
Milton. 

Sa'VOR- Y, n. [Fr. savoree.] An aromatic plant of the genus 
satureia, much used in cooking. 

SAVOY', to. A variety of the common cabbage (brassica 
oleracea), much cultivated for winter use. — Ed. Encyc. 

S AW, pret. of see. 

SAW, to. [Sax. saga ; G. sage ; D. zaag ; Sw. saga ; Dan. 
sang.] 1. A cutting instrument, consisting of a blade or 
thin plate of iron or steel with one edge dentated or toothed. 
2. A saying; proverb; maxim; decree. — Shak; [obs. See 
Say.] 

SAW, v. t. ; pret. sawed ; pp. sawed or sawn. [G. sagen ; D. 
zaagen ; Sw. saga; Dan. sauger ; Norm, seguar.] 1. To 
cut with a saw ; to separate with a saw. 2. To form by 
cutting with a saw. 

SAW, v. i. 1. To use a saw ; to practice sawing. 2. To cut 
with a saw. 3. To be cut with a saw. 

SAW-DUST, n. Dust or small fragments of wood or stone 
made by the attrition of a saw. — Mortimer. 

SAW-FISH, n. A fish whose upper jaw is prolonged into 
a flattened snout set with spines or teeth. It is said to be 
a formidable enemy to the whale. 

SAW-FLY, n. One of a genus of flies which have ovipos- 
itors somewhat like a hand-saw. 

SAW-MILL, to. A mill for sawing logs and large pieces of 
timber, driven by water, steam, or other power. 

SAW-PIT, n. A pit over which timber is sawed. 

3AW-SET, } n. An instrument used to wrest or turn 

SAW-WREST, 5 the teeth of saws a little outward. 

3AW'-W0RT, n. A plant having its leaves edged with cut- 
ting teeth. It has the habits and qualities of thistles. 

3AWED, pp. or a. Cut, divided, or formed with a saw. 

3AWER, n. One who saws ; corrupted into sawyer. 

3AWNEY, n. A nickname for a Scotchman; corrupted 
i'rom Sandy, Alexander. — Grose. [Vidgar.] 

3AWYER n. 1. One whose occupation is to saw timber 
into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel. — 2. In 
America, a tree which, being undermined by a current of 
water, and falling into the stream, lies with its branches 
above water, which are continually raised and depressed 
by the force of the current. 

SAX-I-€a'VOUS, a. [L. saxum and cavo.] A term applied 
to mollusks which live in holes in rocks, made either by 
boring or otherwise. — Dana. 

3AX'I-FRA(iE, n. [L. saxifraga.] A medicine that has the 
property of breaking or dissolving the stone in the blad- 
der.- In botany, a plant of the genus saxifraga, which em- 
braces many species, mostly hardy herbs, growing nat- 
urally on or among rocks. 
SAX-IF'RA-GOUS, a. Dissolving the stone.— Brown. 
GAX'ON. n. [Sax. seax.] 1. One of the nation or people 



who formerly dwelt in the northern part of-Germany, and 
who invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth 
centuries. The language of theSaxons. 

SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons, to their country, oi 
to their language. 

SAX'ON-BLuE, n. A deep-blue liquid used in dyeing, ob- 
tained by dissolving indigo in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
— Brande. 

SAX'ON-ISM, n. An idiom of the Saxon language. 

SAX'ON-IST, n. One versed in the Saxon language. 

SaY, v. t. ; pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed. [Sax. 
sagan, sacgan; G. sagen; D. zeggen ; Sw. saga.] 1. To. 
speak ; to utter in words. It is observable, that although 
this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell, yet 
the uses or applications of these words are different. Thus 
we say, to speak an oration ; to tell a story ; but in these 
phrases say can not be used. Yet, to say a lesson is good 
English, though not very elegant. 2. To declare. — Gen., 
xxxvii. 3. To utter; to pronounce. 4. To utter, as a 
command. 5. To utter, as a promise. — Luke, xxiii. 6 
To utter, as a question or answer. — Mark, xi. 7. To af- 
firm : to teach.— Matt., xvii. 8. To confess.— Luke, xvii. 
9. To testify. — Acts, xxiv. 10. To argue ; to allege by 
way of argument. 11. To repeat ; to rehearse ; to recite. 
12. To pronounce ; to recite without singing. 13. To re- 
port ; as in the phrase it is said. 14. To answer ; to utter 
by way of reply ; to tell. 

SaY, n. [Sax. saga, sagu.] A speech ; something 3aid. 

t SaY, n. [for assay.] 1. A sample. 2. Trial by sample 
BoyU. 

t SaY, n. [Fr. sou.] A thin silk. 

SaY, ) n. In commerce, a kind of serge used for lininge, 

SaYE, ) shirts, aprons, &c. 

SaY'ING, ppr. Uttering in articulate sounds or words 
speaking ; telling ; relating ; reciting. 

SaY'ING, n. 1. An expression : a sentence uttered ; some- 
thing said or declared. 2. A proverbial expression. Mil- 
ton. — Syn. Declaration ; speech ; adage ; maxim ; aphor- 
ism ; apophthegm ; saw ; proverb ; by-word. 

SCAB, n. [Sax. scab, sceb ; Ger. schabe ; Sw. skabb ; Dan. 
skab ; L. scabies.] 1. An incrusted substance, dry and 
rough, formed over a sore in healing. 2. A contagious 
disease of sheep, resembling the mange in horses, &c— 
Farm. Encyc. 3. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow ; [low.] 

SCAB'BARD, n. The sheath of a sword.— Dryden. 

SCAB'BARD, v. t. To put in a sheath. 

S€AB'BARD-ED, pp. Put into a sheath. 

SCAB'BARD-ING, ppr. Sheathing. 

SCABBED (skabd or skab'bed), a. 1. Abounding with 
scabs ; diseased with scabs. 2. Mean ; paltry ; vile 
worthless. 

SCAB'BED-NESS, n. The state of being scabbed. 

SCAB'BI-NESS, n. The quality of being scabby. 

SCAB'BY, a. 1. Affected with scabs ; full of scabs.— Dryden 
2._ Diseased with the scab or mange : mangy. — Swift. 

SCa'BI-OUS. a. [L. scabiosus.] Consisting of scabs; rough: 
itchy; leprous. — Arbuthnot. 

SCa'BI-OUS, to. A plant of the genus scabiosa, said to be 
useful in cutaneous diseases. — Loudon. 

t S€A-BRED'I-TY, to. [L. scabredo, scabrities.] Roughness: 
ruggedness. — Burton. 

SCa'BROUS, a. [L. scabrosus.] ]. Rough; rugged; having 
hard, short, rigid points. 2. Harsh ; unmusical. 

SCa'BROUS-NESS, to. Roughness ; rugsedness. 

SCAB'W6RT, to. A plant, a species of hehnium. 

SCAD, to. A fish of the genus caranx ; the horse mackerei. 

SCAF'FOLD, n. [Fr. echafaud ; Arm. chafod ; Ir. scafal; 
It. scaffale.] 1. Among builders, an assemblage or struc- 
ture of timbers, boards, or planks, erected by the wall of 
a building to support the workmen. 2. A temporary gal- 
lery or stage raised either for shows or spectators. 3. A 
stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal 

SCAF'FOLD, v. t. To furnish with a scaffold; to sustain: 
to uphold. 

S€AF'FOLD-A6E, n. A gallery ; a hollow floor.-5M 

SCAF'FOLD-ED, pp. Furnished with a scaffold. 

SCAF'FOLD-ING, ppr. Furnishing with a scaffold. 

SCAF'FOLD-ING, n. 1. A frame or structure for support 
in an elevated place : a scaffold. 2. That which eustains ; 
a frame. 3. Temporary structure for support. 4. Mate- 
rials for scaffolds. 

SCAGXI-A (skal'ye-a), to. [It] A reddish variety of chalk. 

— Dana. 
S-CA G-LI-6'LA (skal-ye-6'la), to. [It.] A species of plaster 
or stucco, made of pure gypsum, with variegated colors, 
in imitation of marble. — Gwilt. 
SCaL'A-BLE, a. That may be scaled. 
SCA-LaDE', ? to. [Fr. scalade; Sp. scalado.] A storm or ao- 
SCA-La'DO, > sault on a fortified place, in which the sol 
diers enter the place by means of ladders. [It is written, 
also, escalade.] 
S€A-LAR'I-FORM, a. [L. scalaris and forma.] Having 
transverse bars and spaces, like a ladder. — Dana. 



T)<WE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, V$"CIOUS.— € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; ell as SH ; TH k> in this, t Obwlete. 



SCA 



bS4 



SCA 



SGa'LA-RY, a. Resembling a ladder; formed with steps. 
[Little used.] 

8CALD, v. t. [It. scaldare ; Sp., Port, escaldar ; Fr. echauder.] 
1. To burn or painfully affect and injure by immersion in 
or contact with a liquor of a boiling heat, or a heat ap- 
proaching it. 2. To expose to a boiling or violent heat 
over a fire, or in water or other liquor. 

SCALD, n. A burn, or injury to the skin and flesh by hot 
iiquor. 

SCALD, n. [qu. Sax. scyll.] Scab; scurf on the head. 

SCALD, a. Scurvy ; paltry ; poor, as scald rhymers. 

SGaLD, n. [Dan. skialdrer ; Sw. skalla.] Among the an- 
ciint Scandinavians, a poet. — Mallet. 

SGALD'ED, pp. or a. Injured by a hot liquor; exposed to 
boiling heat. — Scalded cream, clotted cream ; cream raised 
from milk by hearing. — Gardner. 

SGXLD'ER, n. A scald ; a Scandinavian poet. 

SGALD'HeAD (-hed), n. A pustular eruption, mostly of the 
hairy scalp, gradually spreading till the whole head is cov- 
ered, as with a helmet, and often destroying the roots of 
the hair. 

SGaLD'IG, a. Pertaining to the scalds or poet3 of antiqui- 
ty ; composed by scalds. — Warton. 

SCALDTNG, ppr. or a. 1. Burning or injuring by hot liq- 
uor. 2. Exposing to a boiling heat in liquor. 

SGALD'ING-HOT, a. So hot a3 to scald the skin. 

SGaLE, n. [Sax. scale, scealc; D. schaal.) 1. The dish of a 
balance ; and, hence, the balance itself, or whole instru- 
ment, which is more usually scales, in the plural. 2. The 
scales, pi., the sign of the balance or Libra, in the zodiac. 
i. The small, thin plate, shell, or crust which composes a 
part of the covering of a fish ; and, hence, any thin layer 
or leaf exfoliated or separated ; a thin lamina. 4. [L. sea- 
la.* A ladder ; series of steps ; means of ascending. 5. 
The act of storming a place by mounting the wail on lad- 
ders ; an escalade or scalade. 6. A mathematical instru- 
ment of wood or metal, on which are marked lines and 
figures, for the purpose of measuring distances or extent. 
7. Regular gradation ; a series rising by steps or degrees, 
like those of a ladder. 8. Any instrument, figure, or 
scheme, graduated for the purpose of measuring extent or 
proportions. — 9. In music, a gamut ; or a series of lines 
and spaces, rising one above another, or falling one below 
another, on which notes are placed ; or a scale consists of 
the regular gradations of sounds. 10. Any thing gradu- 
ated or marked with degrees at equal distances. 

SGaLE, v. t. [It. scalare.] 1. To climb, as by a ladder; to 
mount or ascend by steps. 2. [from scale, a balance.] To 
measure ; to compare ; to weigh. 3. [from scale, the cov- 
ering of a fish.] To strip or clear of scales. 4. To take 
off in thin lamins or scales. 5. To pare off a surface. — 
6. In the North, of England, to spread, as manure or loose 
substances ; also, to disperse ; to waste. — 7. In gunnery, 
to clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small 
quantity of powder. 

SGaLE, v. i. To separate and come off in thin layers. 

.SGaLjED, pp. 1. Ascended by ladders or steps; cleared 
of scales ; pared ; scattered. 2. a. Having scales like a 
fish ; squamous. 

SGaLE'LESS, a. Destitute of scales.— S. M. Mitchill. 

SGA-LeNE', \a. [Gr. oKaXrjvos-] A scalene triangle is 

SGA-Le'NOUS, ) one whose sides and angles are unequal. 

SGA-LeNE', n. A scalene triangle. 

SGaL'ER, n. One who scales. 

SGa'LI-NESS, n. The state of being scaly ; roughness. 

SCALING, ppr. 1. Ascending by ladders or steps ; storm- 
ing. 2. Stripping of scales. 3. Peeling ; paring. 

3GaL'ING-LAD-DER, n. A ladder made for enabling 
troops to scale a wall. 

SGAL-I-o'LA. See Scagliola. 

SGALL, n. 1. Scab ; scabbiness ; leprosy. 2. A mean, 
scabby fellow. — Shale. 

SGaLL'ION (skal'yun). n. [It. scalogno ; L. ascalonia; Fr. 
ecJtalote.] A plant, allium ascalonicum, which grows about 
Ascalon, in Palestine. It is the mildest of all the culti- 
vated species of the garlic and onion genus. 

SGAL'LOP, n. 1. A shell-fish, of the genus pecten, used for 
food. The shell is bivalvular, and has usually alternate 
ribs and furrows diverging from the hinge to the margin. 
As it occurs in abundance on the coast of Palestine, it was 
formerly worn by pilgrims, as a mark that they had been 
to the Holy Land. 2. A recess or curving of the edge of 
any thing, like the segment of a circle. [It is written, also, 
scollop.] 

SGAL'LOP (skol'-), v. t. To mark or cut the edge or border 
of any thing: into segments of circles. — Gray. 

SGAL'LOP jED (skol'lupt), pp. or a. Cut at the edge into 
segments of circles. 

SGAL'LOP-ING, ppr. Cutting the edge into segments of 
circles. 

8GALP, n. [D. schelp or schulp ; L. scalpo.] 1. The skin of 
the top of the head. 2. The skin of the top of the head 
cut or torn oft*. 



SGALP, v. t. To deprive of the scalp or integuments of u>» 
head. — Sharp. 

SGALP£ D (skalpt), pp. Deprived of the skin of tbr, hend 

SGALP'EL, n. [L. scalpellum.] In surgery, a kniL; \iL*d •/> 
anatomical dissections and surgical op jra^lon".. 

SGALP'ER, ) 7i. An instrument of surgery 

SCALP'ING-I-RON (-i-urn), J nje'l in scvapiug Toufano 
carious bones ; a raspatory. 

SGALP'ING, ppr. Depriving of tne skin of the top of the 
head. 

SGALP'ING-KNIFE (-nife), 7/ . A. VaUs used by savages ir 
scalping their prisoners.— Cooler. 

SGaL'Y, a. 1. Covered o? aboi'nd'ng with scales; rorgk. 
2. Resembling scales, 'arr'.np, or layers. 3. Mean; scab- 
by ; as, a scaly fellow, sr-e icall ; [various dialects in En 
gland.] Halliwell. — 4. In botany, composed of scales ly 
ing over each other. 

SGaL'Y-WING£D, a. Having wings with scales.— Kirby. 

SGAM'BLE, v. i. [D. zcho-./imdcn.] 1. To stir quick ; to be 
busy ; to Sjra^ablr, ; to bo bold or turbulent. 2. To shift 
awkwardly. 

SGAM'BLE. v. t To mangle ; to maul. — Mortimer. 

SGAM'BLER n. A bold intruder upon the generosity or 
hospitality of others. — S'.eevens. 

SGA.M'BLING, ppr. Stirring; scrambling; intruding. 

SGAM'BLIKG-Li', adv. With turbulence and noise. 

SGAM-Mo'NL ATE, a. Made with scammony. 

SGAM'MO-NY, n. [L. scammonia.] 1. A plant of the genus 
convolvulus. 2. An inspissated sap, obtained from the 
convolvulus scammonia, a plant of Asia Minor. It is used 
in medicine as a cathartic. 

SGAMP, n. [infra.] A great rascal. — Halliwell. [Used in 
various dialects in England, and vulgarly used in Amer.] 

SGAMP'ER, v. i. [D. schampen ; Fr. escamper ; It. scampare.] 
To run with speed ; to hasten escape. — Addison. 

SGAMP'ER-ING, ppr. Running with speed ; hastening in 
flight. 

SCAN, v. t. [Fr. scandcr ; Sp. escander ; It. scandire.) 1. To 
examine with critical care ; to scrutinize. 2. To examine 
a verse by counting the feet ; to recite or measure verse 
by distinguishing the feet in pronunciation. 

SGAN'DAL, n. [Fr. scandale ; It. scandalo ; Sp. escandalo , 
L. scandalum.] 1. Offense given by the faults of another ; 
[little used.] 2. Reproachful aspersion ; opprobrious cen- 
sure ; defamatory speech or report ; something uttered 
which is false and injurious to reputation. 3. The condi- 
tion of being disgraced or subjected to reproach. — Syn. 
Defamation; detraction; slander; calumny; opprobrium; 
reproach ; shame ; disgrace. 

SGAN'DAL, v. t. 1. To treat opprobriously ; to defame ; to 
asperse ; to traduce ; to blacken character ; [little used.) 
2. To scandalize ; to offend ; [obs.] 

SGAN'DAL-lZE, v. t. [Gr. oKav8a\i{,o) ; L. scandalizo; Fr 
scandaliser.] 1. To offend by some action supposed crim 
inal. 2. To subject to reproach ; to assail with defama- 
tion. — Syn. To shock ; displease ; annoy ; defame ; tra 
duce ; reproach ; slander ; calumniate ; asperse ; vilify , 
disgrace. 

SGAN'DAL-IZjEJD, pp. Offended; defamed; disgraced. 

SGAN'DAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Giving offense to ; disgracing. 

SGAN'DAL-OUS, a. [It. scandaloso ; Sp. escandoloso ; Fr. 
scandaleux.] 1. Giving offense. 2. Opprobrious ; dis- 
graceful to reputation ; that brings shame or infamy. 3. 
Defamatory. 

SGAN'DAL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Shamefully; in a manner to 
give offense. 2. Censoriously ; with a disposition to find 
fault. 

SGAN'DAL-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being scandal- 
ous ; the quality of giving offense,' or of being disgraceful. 

S-6'AN'DA-LUM MAG-Na'TUM. [L.] In law, a defama- 
tory speech or writing made or published to the injury 
of a person of dignity. 

SCANDENT, a. [L. scandens.] Climbing, either with spiral 
tendrils for its support, or by adhesive fibres, as a stalk : 
climbing ; performing the office of a tendril, as a petiole. 

SCANNED (skand), pp. Critically sifted or examined ; re 
solved into feet in recital. 

SGAN'NING, ppr. Critically examining ; resolving into feet 
as verse. 

SGAN'SION_(-shun), n. The act of scanning.- -Percy. 

SGAN-So'ReS, n. pi. [L. scando.] Climbers ; an order of 
birds whose external toe is directed backward like a 
thumb, by which they are enabled to cling to and climb 
upon trees. The woodpeckers and parrots belong to this 
order. 

SGAN-So'RI-AL, a. Climbing, or adapted to climbing ; » 
term applied to the crder of birds called scansores — 
Swainson. 

SCANT, v. t. [Dan. skaanet.] To limit; to straiten.— Dryden 

SCANT, v. i. To fail or oecome less ; as, the wind scants. 

SCANT, a. 1. Not full, large, or plentiful ; scarcely suffi- 
cient; rather less than is wanted for the purpose. 2. 
Sparins;; parsimonious; cautiously affording; [obs.] 3 



See Synopsis. I. E, I, &c. long.—l. E, J, &c.. short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT.— PREY;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



SCA 



885 



SCA 



Not entirely favorable for a ship's course , as, a scant wind. 
Also, a light wina. — Fatten. 

S€ANT, adv. Scarcely ; hardly ; not quite. — Camden. 
f S€ANT, n. Scarcity.— Carew. 
SCANT'ED, pp. Limited; straitened. 

SCANTI-LY, adv. 1. Not fully ; not plentifully. 2. Spar- 
ingly ; niggardly ; [unusual.'] 
S€ANTI-NESS, n. 1. Narrowness ; want of space or com- 
pass. — Dryden. 2. Want of amplitude, greatness, or abund- 
ance ; limited extent. 3. Want of fullness ; want of suf- 
ficiency. 
S€ANTLE ; v. t. To be deficient; to faiL— Drayton. 
SCAN'TLE, v. i. To divide into thin or small pieces ; to 

shiver. — Chesterfield. 
\ S€ANT'LET, n. A small pattern ; a small quantity. 
SCANTLING, n. [Fr. echantillon; Sp. escantillon ; Tort. 
escantilkam.] 1. A pattern ; a quantity cut for a particu- 
lar purpose. 2. A small quantity ; as, a scantling of wit. 
3. A certain proportion or quantity. 4. Timber sawed or 
cut into pieces of a small size, as for studs, rails, &c. 5. 
The dimensions of a piece of timber, with regard to its 
breadth and thickness, 
t S€ANT'LING, a. Not plentiful ; small.— Tay lor. 
S€ANTLY, adv. 1. Scarcely ; hardly ; [obs.] 2. Not fully 
or sufficiently ; narrowly ; penuriously ; without ampli- 
tude. 
SCANTNESS, n. Narrowness ; smallness. 
SCANTY, a. 1. Wanting amplitude or extent. 2. Not co- 
pious or full ; not ample ; hardly sufficient 3. Using 
sparingly; as, scanty of words. Watts. — Syn. Scant; 
narrow ; small ; poor ; deficient ; scarce ; sparing ; parsi- 
monious ; penurious ; niggardly. 
SCIPE, v. t. or i. To escape. [A contracted word, not now 
used, except in poetry, and with a mark of elision.'] See Es- 
cape. 
I S€aPE, n. 1. An escape ; [see Escape.] 2. Means of es- 
cape ; evasion. 3. Freak ; aberration ; deviation. 4. 
Loose act of vice or lewdness. 
SCIPE, n. [L. scapus.] 1. In botany, a radical stem, bear- 
ing the fructification without leaves, as in the narcissus 
and hyacinth. — 2. In architecture, the shaft of a column ; 
also, the apophyge of a shaft. — Gloss, of Arch. 
SCIPE'-GAL-LoWS, n. One who has narrowly escaped 

the gallows for his crimes. 
SCIPE'-GoAT, n. [escape and goat.] In the Jewish ritual, 
a goat which was brought to the door of the tabernacle, 
where the high-priest laid his hands upon him, confessing 
the sins of the people, and putting them on the head of 
the goat ; after which the goat was sent into the wilder- 
ness, bearing the iniquities of the people. — Lev., xvi. 
SCaPE'-GRaCE, n. A graceless, hair-brained fellow.— 

Halliwell. 
S€aPE'LESS. a. In botany, destitute of a scape. 
SCIPE'MENT, n. The method of communicating the im- 
pulse of the wheels to the pendulum of a clock or balance 
of a watch. See Escapement. 
S€APH'ISM, n. [Gr. ck<ittui.] Among the Persians, a bar- 
barous punishment inflicted on criminals, by confining 
them in a hollow tree till they died a miserable death. — 
Ash. 
S€APHTTE, n. [L. scapha.] Fossil remains of a genus of 
cephalopods of a boat-shaped form, allied to the ammonite. 
S€APH'OID, a. [Gr. GKafyos, a boat, and etduS.] Resembling 

a boat in form. 
SCAP'O-LITE, n. [Gr. oxaitos and \idoS.] A mineral oc- 
curring in prisms and in cleavable masses, with a some- 
what pearly lustre. It consists of silica, alumina, and lime. 
— Dana. 
S€AP'PLE, v. t. To reduce a stone to a straight surface 

without working it smooth. — Gloss, of Ar chit. 
SCAP'U-LA, n. [L.] The shoulder-blade.— Coze. 
SCAPTJ-LAR. a. [L. scapularis.] Pertaining to the shoul- 
der, or to the scapula; as, the scapular arteries. — Scapu- 
lar feathers. See Scapular, n., No. 2. 
SCAP'U-LAR n. 1. In anatomy, the name of two pairs of 
arteries, and as many veins, near the shoulder-blade. — 2. 
In ornithology, a feather which springs from the shoulder 
of the wing, and lies along the side of the back. 
SCAP'U-LAR, In. A part of the habit of certain religious 
S€AP'U-LA-RY, 3 orders in the Roman Catholic Church, 
consisting of two bands of woolen stuff, of which one 
crosses the back or shoulders, and the other the stomach. 
— Brande. 
SCAP'U-LA-RY, a. The same as scapular, which see. 
S-CJPUS, n. [L.] 1. In ornithology, the stem or trunk of a 

feather. Brande. — 2. In architecture, a scape, which see. 
SCaR, n. [Fr. escarre ; Arm. scarr or yscar ; It. escara ; Gr. 
t<ryap i ; Dan. skar.] 1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an 
animal, made by a wound or an ulcer, and remaining after 
the wound or ulcer is healed. 2. Any mark or injury ; a 
blemish. 3. [L. scarus ; Gr. eKupoS-] A fish, commonly 
called parrot-fish. 
ECAR v. t. To mark with a scar. — Shak. 



SCAR v. t. To scare. [North of England.] 
SCARAB, ( n. [L. scarabaus.] A beetle ; an insect of 
SCAR'A-BEE, } the genus scarabceus. 
SCAR'A-MOUCH, n. [Fr. escarmouche ; It. scaramuccio ; Sp. 
escaramuza.] A buffoon in the old comedy, so called from 
the skirmishing antics which he performed.— Rich. Diet. 
SCARCE, a. [It. scarso ; D. schaarsch.] 1. Not plentiful or 
abundant ; being in small quantity in proportion to the de- 
mand. 2. Being few in number and scattered.— Sirs 
Rare; infrequent; deficient; uncommon. 
SCARCE, \adv. 1. Hardly ; scantly. 2. Hardly ; with 
SCIRCE'LY, 5 • difficulty. 

SCaRCE'NESS, In. 1. Smallness of quantity, or smallness 
S€aR'CI-TY, 5 in proportion to the wants or demands ; 
defect of plenty. 2. The state of being rare or infrequent. 
—Root of scarcity, or scarcity-root, a plant of the beet kind, 
the mangel-wurzel. — Syn. Deficiency; lack; want; penu- 
ry ; dearth ; rareness ; rarity ; infrequency. 
SCIRE, v. t. [qu. W. esgar ; It. scorare.] To strike with 
sudden fright or terror. — To scare away, to drive away by 
frightening.— Syn. To fright ; frighten ; affright ; terrify ; 
alarm, 
t SCIRE'-FlRE, n. A fire breaking out so as to frighten 

people. 
SCiRE'CRoW, n. [scare and crow.] 1. Any frightful thing 
set up to frighten crows or other fowls from corn-fields ; 
hence, any thing terrifying without danger ; a vain terror. 
2. A provincial name of the black tern, a sea-fowl. — Ed. 
En eye. 
SCIR.ED, pp. Frightened ; suddenly terrified. 
SCARF, n. ; pi. Scarfs. [Fr. echarpe ; It. ciarpa ; Sax. scearf] 
1. Something that hangs loose upon the shoulders. 2. A 
water-fowl, the cormorant. — Ed. Encyc. ; [provincial.] 
SCIRF, v. t. 1. To throw loosely on. — Shak. 2. To drees 

in a loose vesture. — Shak. 
SCIRF, v. t. [Sw. skarfva ; Sp. escarpar.] To join ; to piece , 
to unite two pieces of timber at the ends, so that they ap- 
pear to be one. This is usually done by letting the end 
of one into the end of the other, sometimes by laying the 
two ends together and fastening a third piece to both.— 
Totten. — Gwilt. 
SCIRF'-SKIN, 72. [scarf and skin.] The cuticle ; the epider 

mis ; the outer thin intesrument of the body. 
SCIRF ED (skarft),^>. L Dressed in a loose vesture. 2. 

Joined ; pieced. 
SCIRFTNG, ppr. Uniting two pieces of timber at the ends 
SCIRF'ING, n. The formation of a beam out of two pieces 

of timber. 
SCAR-I-FI-CITION, n. [L. scarificatio.] In surgery, the op- 
eration of making several incisions in the skin with a lan- 
cet or other cutting instrument, particularly the cupping 
instrument — Encyc. 
SCARI-FI-Ca-TOR, n. An instrument used in cupping, 
containing 10 or 12 lancets for making a number of incis- 
ions at once.— Brande. 
S€AR'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. The person who scarifies. 2. The in- 
strument used for scarifying. — S. In agriculture, an imple- 
ment for stirring and loosening the soil, without bringing 
\vp a fresh surface. — Farm. Encyc. 
SCAR'I-F?, v. t. [Fr. scarifier ; L. scarifico.] To scratch or 
cut the skin of an animal, or to make small incisions by 
means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as to draw 
blood from the smaller vessels 'without opening a large 
vein. 
S€AR'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making small incisions in the skin 

with an instrument. 
SCIR'ING, ppr. Frightening ; suddenly terrifying. 
SCIHI-oSE, )a. [Low L. scarrosus.] In botany, tough, 
SCI'RI-OUS, > thin, and semi-transparent, dry and sono- 
rous to the touch, as a perianth. 
SCIR-LATT-NA or S€IR-LA-Tl'NA, n. [It scarlattino and 

scarlatto, scarlet] A barbarous term for scarlet-fever. 
SCIR-LATI-NOUS, a. Of a scarlet color ; pertaining to the 

scarlet-fever. 
SCIP/LET, b. [Fr. ecarlate ; Arm. scarladd ; It. scarlatto ; 
Sp. escarlata.] 1. A beautiful bright-red color, brighter 
than crimson. 2. Cloth of a scarle't color. 
SCIR'LET. a. Of the color called scarlet ; of a bright-red 

color. — Shah 
SCIR'LET-BeAN, n. A plant ; a red bean.— Mortimer. 
SCIR'LET-Fe'VER, n. [L. scarlatina.] A disease chracter- 
ized by fever, attended with an eruption of level crimson 
red patches, first appearing in the fauces, then on the face, 
and prosrreseively on the whole surface. 
S€IR'LET-5AK, n. A species of oak, the quercus cocci fera, 
or kermes oak, on which the kermes insects are found. 
More properly, the quercus coccinea, a species of oak found 
in the United States, 
t RCIR'MA6E, ) peculiar modes of spelling skirmish. — Spen- 
tSCXR'M06E, 5 ser. 

SCIRN, n. [Sax. scerrn.] Dun?. [Not in use, or local.] 
SCIRN'-BEE, n. A beetle.— Ray. [Not in use, or local.] 
SCIRP, n. [Fr. escarpe ; It. scarpa.] In fortification, the'in- 



n<WE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER V3£"CIOUS.— C as K ; <S as J ; S as Z : cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



s<;i<; 



886 



SCH 



tenor slope of rim ditch next the place, at the foot of the 
rampart. See Escarp. 

,; >CaRP, 11. In heraldry, the scarf which military command- 
era wear for ornament ; borne somewhat like a batoon 
sinister, but broader, and continued to the edges of the 
field.— Encyc. 

SGAKPED (skarpt), a. Cut down, like the scarp of a forti- 
fication. 

8€aRR£D (skard),^. Marked with a scar. 

SCARRING, ppr. Marking with a scar. 

SCa'RUS, n. A genus of fishes, called parrot-fishes. — P. 
Oyc 

SCa'RY, n. Barren land having only a thin coat of grass 
upon it [Local.] 

SCAT, n. A shower of rain ; and hence, scatty, showery. — 
Grose. 

SCATCH, n. [Fr. escachc.] A kind of horse-bit for bridles. 
— Bailey. 

SCATCH'ES, n. pi. [Fr. echasses.] Stilts to put the feet in 
for walking in dirty places. — Bailey. 

SC1TE. See Skate. 

SGAT'E-BROUS, a. [L. scatebra,] Abounding with springs. 

* SGATH, v. t. [Sax. scaihian, sceathian ; D. schaaden.] To 
damage ; to waste ; to destroy. ' 

1 SGATH, n. Damage ; injury ; waste ; harm.— Spenser. 

SCATH.ED (skatht), pp. Damaged ; wasted ; destroyed. 

SGATH'FUL, a. Injurious ; harmful ; destructive. 

SCATH'FUL-NESS, n. Injuriousness ; destructivenesa. 

SCATHING, ppr: Injuring; destroying. 

S€ATH'LESS : a. Without waste or damage.— Chaucer. 

SCATTER, v. t. [Sax. scateran ; L. scateo.) 1. Ik) separate 
or remove things to a distance from each other. 2. To 
throw loosely about ; as, to scatter grain or corn. 3. To 
spread or set thinly. — Syn. To disperse ; dissipate ; spread ; 
strew ; sprinkle. 

SCATTER, v. i. 1. To be dispersed or dissipated. 2. To 
be liberal to the poor ; to be charitable. — Prov., xi. 

SCAT'TER-BRaIN-ED, a. Giddy.— Halliwell. 

SCATTERED, pp. or a. 1. Dispersed; dissipated; thinly 
spread ; sprinkled or thinly spread over. — 2. In botany, ir- 
regular in position ; without any apparent regular order. 

SCAT'TERSD-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner. 

SCAT'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Dispersing ; spreading thinly ; 
sprinkling. 2. a. Not united ; divided among many. 

SGAT'TER-INGS. n . pi. Things scattered. 

SGATTER-ING-L Y, adv. Loosely ; in a dispersed manner ; 
thinly. 

SCATTER-LING, n. A vagabond ; one who has no fixed 
habitation or residence. [Little used.] 

I SCA-TU'RI-ENT, a. [L. scaturiens.] Springing, as the wa- 
ter of a fountain. — Diet. 

I S€AT-U-RI6'IN-OUS, a. [L. scaturigo.] Abounding with 
springs.— Diet. 

SCAUP, n. A species of pochard or diving duck found in 
Europe and North America. 

SGAVA6E, n. [Sax. sceaioian.] In ancient customs, a toll or 
duty exacted of merchant-strangers by mayors, sheriffs, 
&c., for goods shown or offered for sale within their pre- 
cincts. 

SCAVENGER., n. [Sax. scafan ; G. schaben.] A person 
whose employment is to clean the streets of a city. 

f SCEL'ER-AT (sel'er-at), n. [Fr. ; L. scderatus.] A villain ; 
a criminal. 

SCENE (seen), n. [Fr. ; L. scena ; Gr. aKrjvr).] 1. A stage ; the 
theatre or place where dramatic pieces and other shows 
are exhibited. 2. The whole series of actions and events 
connected and exhibited; or the whole assemblage of ob- 
jects displayed at one view. 3. A part of a play ; a divi- 
sion of an act. 4. So much of an act of a play as repre- 
sents what passes between the same persons in the same 
place. 5. The imaginary place in which the action of a 
play is supposed to occur. 6. The curtain or hanging of a 
theatre adapted to the play. 7. The place where any thing 
is exhibited. 8. An exhibition of strong feeling between 
two or more persons, usually of a pathetic or passionate 
kind. — Walter Scott; [recent.] 9. Any remarkable exhibi- 
tion. 

SCeNE'-PaINT-ER, n. One who makes it his employment 
to paint scenes for theatres. 

SCeNE'-PaINT-ING, n. The act or employment of paint- 
ing scenes for a theatre.— Brande. 

SCeN'ER-Y, n. 1. The appearance of a place, or of the va- 
rious objects presented to view ; or the various objects 
themselves, as seen together. 2. The representation of 
the place in which an action is performed. 3. The dispo- 
sition and consecution of the scenes of a play. 4. The 
paintings representing the scenery of a play. "' 
SCEN'IC, \ a. [L. scenicus.] Pertaining to scenery ; 
SCEN'I€-AL, j dramatic ; theatrical. 

SCEN-O-GRAPH'IC, \a. Pertaining to scenography ; 
SCEN-0-GRAPH'IC-AL, * drawn in perspective. 
SCEN-0 GRAPHTC-AL-LY, adv. In perspective. 
SCE-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. q^vr, and y P a(j>w.] The repre- 



sentation of a body on a perspective plane ; or a descrip 
tion of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye, 

SCENT (sent), n. [Fr. senteur, from scntir ; L. sentio.] J. 
Odor ; smell ; that substance which, issuing from a body 
affects the olfactory organs of animals; perfume ; fra 
grance. 2. The power of smelling ; the smell. 3. Chase 
followed by the scent ; course of pursuit ; track. 

SCENT, v. t. 1. To smell ; to perceive by the olfactory or- 
gans. 2. To perfume ; to imbue or fill with odor, good or 
bad. 

SCENTED, #p. 1. Smelt; perceived by the olfactory or 
gans. 2. Perfumed ; imbued with odor. 

SCENT'FUL, a. 1. Odorous ; yielding much smell. 2. Oi 
quick smell. — Browne. 

SCENTING, ppr. 1. Smelling ; perceiving by the olfactory 
organs. 2. Perfuming ; filling with odor. 

SCENTLESS, a. Inodorous; destitute of smell. 

SCEPTER, )n. [Fr. sceptre ; L. sceptrum.] I. A staff or 

SCEP'TRE, 5 baton borne by kings on solemn occasions, 
as a badge of authority. 2. The appropriate ensign of roy- 
alty ; an ensign of higher antiquity than the crown, 3. 
Royal power or authority. 4. A constellation. 

SCEP'TER, > v. t. To invest with royal authority, or with 

SCEP'TRE, 5 the ensign of authority. 

SCEP'TERi?D, > pp. or a. Invested with a sceptre ; bearing 

SCEPTRED, i a sceptre.— Tickel. 

SCEP'TER-LESS, ? „ • 

SCEP'TRE-LESS! \ a - Havm S no sce P tre - 

SCEP'TIC. See Skeptic. 

ScHaAL'STEiN (shal'stine), tn. The same with tabula? 

SCaLE'-SToNE, 5 spar, which see. 

SCHe'DI-ASM (ske'-), n. [Gr. axc5iaaua.] Cursory writing 
on a loose sheet. 

* SCHED'ULE (sked'yule), n. [L. schedula.] 1. A small 

scroll or piece of paper or parchment, containing some 
writing. 2. A piece of paper or parchment annexed to a 
larger writing, as to a will, a deed, a lease, &c. 3. A piece 
of paper or parchment containing an inventory of goods. 

* SCHED'ULE (sked'yule), v. t. To place in a list or cata 
logue ; to inventory. 

ScHEE'LIN, n. [from Scheele, the chemist.] A white or 
pale yellowish calcareous ore of tungsten. — Dana. 

ScHe'LI-UM, n. A different name of tungsten, a haid, brit 
tie metal. 

ScHEIK (sheek or shake), n. See Sheik. 

SCHe'MA-TISM, n. [Gr. cxnixaricixoi.] 1. Combination cf 
the aspects of heavenly bodies. 2. Particular form or dis 
position of a thing ; [little used.] 

SCHe'MA-TIST, n. A projector ; one who forms schemes. 

SCHe'MA-TiZE, v. i. To form a scheme or schemes. 

SCHEME (skeme), n. [L. schema ; Gr. axmxa.] L A com- 
bination of things connected and adjusted by design ; a 
system. 2. Something contrived or devised to be done ; 
as, to lay or form a scheme. 3. A representation of the as- 
pects of the celestial bodies ; any lineal or mathematical 
diagram; [little used.] — Syn. Plan; project; design; con- 
trivance ; purpose ; device ; plot. 

SCHEME, v. t. To plan ; to contrive. 

SCHEME, v. i. To form a plan ; to contrive. 

SCHeM'ER (skem'er), n. One who contrives ; a projector , 
a contriver. 

SCHEMING, ppr. 1. Planning; contriving. 2. a. Given to 
forming schemes ; intriguing. 

SCHEMING, n. The act of forming a plan. 

S€HeM'ING-LY, adv. By scheming or contriving. 

SCHeM'IST, n. A schemer ; a projector. — Coventry. 

SCHeNE (skene), n. [L.schcenos ; Gr. oxoivos-] An Egyp- 
tian measure of length, equal to sixty stadia, or about 7| 
jniles. 

ScHER'IF, n. [Arm. lord or master.] A title given in the 
East to the descendants of Mohammed through his son-in- 
law, Ali, and daughter, Fatima ; an emir ; applied to the 
chiefs of Mecca and Medina.— Brande. See Sherif. 

SCHE-Ro'MA. n. In medicine, a dryness of the eye. — Brande. 

SCHe'SIS (ske'sis), n. [Gv.ox^iS.] Habitude ; general state 
or disposition of the body or mind. 

ScHIL'LER-SPXR (shil-), n. A d»rk-green, lamellar min 
eral, consisting of silica, magnesia, oxyd of iron, and wa 
ter. The name has also included bronzite. — Dana. 

SCHIR'RHUS. See Scirkhus. 

SCHISM (sizm), n. [L. schisma ; Gr. ax^ua.] 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, division or separation ; but appropriately, a di 
vision or separation in a church or denomination of Christ 
ians. — K. Charles. 2. Separation ; division among tribes 
or classes of people. 

SCHIS'MA (skiz'-), n. In music, an interval, equal to half a 
comma. — Brande. 

* SCHIS-MAT'IC (siz-matlk), )a. Pertaining to schism 
SCHIS-MAT1C-AL (siz-mat'ik-al), 5 implying schism ; par 

taking of the nature of schism ; tending to schism. 

* SCHIS-MATIC (siz-), n. One who separates from an es 

tablished church or religious faith on account of a diver 
sity of opinions. — Swift. 



■ See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoYIJ BOOK, 



SCH 



687 



SCI 



SCHIS MATIC-AL-LY (siz-), adv. In a schismatical man- 
ner ; by separation from a church on account of a diversi- 
ty of opinions. 

SCHIS-MATJC-AL-NESS, n. The state of being schismatical. 

SCHIS'MA-TlZE (siz-), v. i. To commit or practice schism ; 
to make a breach of communion in the church. 

SCHISM'LESS (sizm-), a. Free from schism ; not affected 
_by schism. — Milton. [Little used.] 

SCHIST (shist), n. [Gr. oxioros.] In geology, a rock having 
a slaty structure. — Dana. 

SCHISTOSE, ? a. In geology, slaty or imperfectly slaty in 

SCHISTOUS, I structure.— Dana. 

SCHOL'AR (skol'ar), n. [Low L. scholaris ; Fr. ecolier ; D. 
schoolier ; G. schuler.] 1. One who learns of a teacher ; 
one who is under the tuition of a preceptor ; a pupil ; a 
disciple ; hence, any member of a college, academy, or 
school ; applicable to the learner of any art, science, or 
branch of literature. 2. A man of letters. Locke.— 3. Em- 
phatically used, a man eminent for erudition ; a person of 
high attainments in science or literature. 4. One who 
learns any thing. 8. A pedant; a man of books. — Bacon. 
6. An under graduate, in English universities, who belongs 
to the foundation of a college, and receives support in 
part from its_ revenues. 

SCHOL'AR-LlKE, / a. Like a scholar ; becoming a scholar. 

S€HOL'AR-LY, J —Bacon. 

\ S€HO-LAR'I-TY, n. Scholarship.— Ben Jonson. 

S€HOL'AR-SHIP, n. 1. Attainments in science or litera- 
ture. 2. Literary education; [unusual.] 3. Exhibition 
or maintenance for a scholar ; foundation for the support 
of a student. — Syn. Learning; erudition; knowledge. 

S€HO-LAS'TI€, \a. [L. scholasticus.] 1. Pertaining to 

SCHO-LAS'TIC-AL, j a scholar, to a school, or to schools. 

2. Scholar like ; becoming a scholar; suitable to schools. 

3. Pertaining to the schoolmen, or philosophers and di- 
vines of the Middle Ages, who adopted the system of Aris- 
totle, and spent much time on points of nice and abstract 
speculation ; as, scholastic divinity, theology, or philosophy. 

4. Pedantic ; formal. 

SCHO-LAS'TIC, n. One who adheres to the method or sub- 
tilties of the schools. — Milton. 

S€HO-LAS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of schools ; 
according to the niceties or method of the schools. 

SCHO-LASTI-CISM, n. The method or subtilties of the 
schools. — Warton. 

S€Ho'LI-AST (skole-ast), n. [Gr. cxoAtaor^.l A com- 
mentator or annotator ; a name given to the old gramma- 
rians or critics who wrote on the margins of the manu- 
scripts, annotations, called scholia, from being, as it were, 
tV.e fruits of their leisure. — Brande. 

S€HO-LI-AST'I€, n. That pertains to a scholiast or his pur- 
suits.— Swift. 

f SCHo'LI- aZE, v. i. To write notes on an author's works. 

\ S€HOL'IC-AL, a. Scholastic— Hales. 

SCHo'LI-UM, n. ; pi, Scholia or Scholiums. [L. scholion ; 
Gr. axoXiov-] 1. Annotation. — 2. In mathematics, a remark 
or observation subjoined to a demonstration. 

f SCHO'LY (skole), n. A scholium.— fliuoftcr. 

* S€Ho'LY, v. i. To write comments. — Hooker. 

SCHOOL (skool), n. [L. schola; Gr. cxo\n ; G. schule ; D. 
skole; Sw. skola ; Arm. scol ; Fr. ccole; It. scuola ; Sp. es- 
cuela ; Port, escola.] 1. A place or establishment in which 
persons are instructed in arts, science, languages, or any 
species of learning ; or the pupils assembled for instruc- 
tion. — In American usage, school more generally denotes 
the collective body of pupils in any place of instruction, 
and under the direction and discipline of one or more 
teachers. 2. The instruction or exercises of a collection 
of pupils or students, or the collective body of pupils while 
engaged in their studies. 3. The state of instruction. 4. 
A place of education, or collection of pupils, of any kind, 
as an academy, seminary, college, &c. 5. Separate de- 
nomination or sect ; or a system of doctrine taught by 
particular teachers, or peculiar to any denomination of 
Christians or philosophers. 6. The schools,^., the semina- 
ries for teaching logic, metaphysics, and theology, which 
were formed in the Middle Ages, and which were charac- 
terized by academical disputations and subtilties of reason- 
ing ; or the learned men who were engaged in discussing 
nice points in metaphysics or theology. 7. Any place of 
improvement or learning. — 8. Formerly, a shoal or collec- 
tion ; as, a school of fishes. Halliwell. — Primary school, a 
school for instructing children in the first rudiments of 
language or literature ; called, also, common school, because 
it is open to all the inhabitants of a town or district. 
SCHOOL, v. t. 1. To instruct ; to train ; to educate. 2. To 
teach with superiority ; to tutor ; to chide and admonish ; 
to reprove. 
SCHOOL'-BOY, n. A boy belonging to a school, or one 

who is learning rudiments. — Swift. 
SCHOOL'-DIME, n. The female teacher of a school. . 
SCHOOL -D A. Y, n. The age in which youth are sent to 
school. — Shak. 



SCHOOL'-DIS-TRICT, n. A division of a town or city lot 
establishing and conducting schools. [ United States.] 

SCHOOL'-DI-VlNE', n. One who espouses the scholastic 
theology ; one of the schoolmen. 

SCHOOL'-DI-VINTTY, n. Scholastic divinity. 

SCHOOL'-FEL-LoW, n. One bred at the same school ; an 
associate in school. — Locke. 

SCHOOL'-GIRL, n. A girl belonging to a school. 

SCHOOL-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use oi 
schools, or for instruction. 

SCHOOL'-MaTE, n. One who attends the same school. 

SCHOOL'-TeACH-ER, n. One who teaches a school. 

SCHOOL'-TkACH-ING, n. The business of instructing a 
school. 

SCHOOLED, -pp. Instructed ; trained ; tutored; reproved 

j- S€HOOL'ER-Y, n. Something taught ; precepts. — Spenser. 

SCHOOLING, pi>r. Instructing; teaching; reproving. 

SCHOOLING, n. 1. Instruction in school ; tuition. 2. Com 
pensation for instruction ; price or reward paid to an in- 
structor for teaching pupils. 3. Reproof; reprimand. — 
Walter Scott. 

SCHOOL'MaID, n. A girl at school.— Shak. 

SCHOOL'MAN, n. 1. A man versed in the niceties of aca 
demical disputation or of school divinity. The schoolmen 
were philosophers and divines ot the Middle Ages who 
adopted the principles of Aristotle, and spent much time 
on points of nice and abstract speculation. They were so 
called because they taught in the schools of divinity estab- 
lished by Charlemagne. — Encyc. Am. 

SCHOOL'MaS-TER, n. 1. The man who presides over and 
teaches a school ; a teacher, instructor, or preceptor of a 
school. 2. He or that which disciplines, instructs, and leads. 

SCHOOL'MIS-TRESS, n. A woman who governs and teach 
es a school. — Gay. 

SCHOON'ER, n. [G. schoner.] A vessel with two masts 
and fore-and-aft sails, like those of a sloop. 

SCHORL (shorl), 71. [Sw. skorl.] A mineral. [See Shoul 
which would be the preferable orthography.] 

ScHOR-La'CEOUS, n. Like shorl.— Kirwan. 

ScHORL'lTE, n. A mineral of a greenish-white color. 

SCl-A-GRAPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to sciagraphy. 

SCl-A-GRAPH'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a sciagraphical manner. 

SCl-AG'RA-PHY (si-ag're-fe), n. [Gr. oKiaypixpia.] 1. The 
art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as 
they fall in nature. Gwilt. — 2. In architecture, the profile 
or vertical section of a building to exhibit its interior struc- 
ture. — 3. In astronomy, the art of finding the hour of the 
day or night by the shadows of objects, caused by the sun, 
moon, or stars ; the art of dialing ; [little used.] 

SCI-A-THER'IC, ( a. [Gr. aicia and $r)pa.] Belonging to 

SCI-A-THERIC-AL, 5 a sun-dial. [Little used.] 

SCI-A-THEB/1C-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a sun-dial. 

SCl-ATTC ) (si-at'ik-), n. [L. sciatica.] A painful affection, 

SCl-AT'i€-A 5 principally seated in the sciatic nerve, which, 
if protracted, produces emaciation of the limb affected, 
with weakness and flexion. 

SCl-AT'IC, la. 1. Pertaining to the hip ; as. the sciatic 

SCl-ATIC-AL, 5 nerve. 2. Affecting the hip, as a disease. 

SCl-ATIC-AL-LY, adv. With sciatica. 

SCl'ENCE (si'ens), n. [Fr. ; L. scientia.] 1. In a general 
sense, knowledge, or certain knowledge ; learning ; erudi- 
tion ; the comprehension or understanding of truth or 
facts by the mind. — 2. In philosophy, a collection of the 
general principles or leading truths relating to any sub- 
ject, arranged in systematic order. 3. Art derived from 
precepts or built on principles. 4. Any art or species of 
knowledge. 5. One of the seven liberal branches of knowl- 
edge, viz., grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, 
astronomy, and music. Johnson. — Authors have not al- 
ways been careful to use the terms art and science with 
due discrimination and precision. Music is an art as well 
as a science. In general, an art is that which depends on 
practice or performance, and science that which depends 
on abstract or speculative principles. The theory of music 
is a science ; the practice of it an art. 

tSCl'ENT, a. [L. sciens.] Skillful. — Cockeram. 
SCI-EN'TER. [L.J Knowingly.— Bo uvier. 
SCl-EN'TIAL (si-en'shal), a. Producing science. — Milton 
SCI-EN-TIF'IC, \a. [Fr. scientifi que ; It. scientifico ; Sp. 
SCl-EN-TIF'I€-AL, ) cientifico.] 1. Producing certain 
knowledge or demonstration. 2. According to the rules 
or principles of science. 3. Well versed in science. 
SCI-EN-TIl r 'IC-AL-LY, adv. 1. In such a manner as to pro- 
duce knowledge. 2. According to the rules or principles 
oi' science. 
SCIL'I-CET (sil'e-set). [L.] To wit; namely. 
SCIL'LI-TIN, n. A white, transparent, acrid substance, ex- 
tracted from squills by Vogel. — lire. 
SCIM'I-TAR. See Cimeter. 

SCIN'COID (sink'oid), n. The scincoids are a family of sau- 
rian reptiles, having short feet, a non-extensile tongue, the 
body and tail covered with equal scales like tiles, and the 
toes maxirhW. — Brande. 



DOVE ;— BULL UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"C10US.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SCO 



888 



SCO 



HCIN'COID, a. Resembling the animal called scincub, a sau- 
rian reptile of Egypt 
SCINK (sink), n. 1. A cast calf. — Ainsworth ; [not in use, 

or local] 2. A saurian reptile.— P. Cyc. See Skink. 
8CINT1L-LANT, a. Emitting sparks or fine igneous parti- 
cles ; sparkling. 

SCINTIL-LITE, v. i. [L. scintillo.) 1. To emit sparks or 
tine igneous particles. 2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars. 

SCINTIL-La-TING, ppr. Emitting sparks ; sparkling. 

SCIN-TIL-La'TION, n. The act of emitting sparks or ig- 
neous particles ; the act of sparkling. — Brown. 

^Cl-OG'RA-PHY, n. See Sciagraphy. 

SCl'O-LISM, n. Superficial knowledge. — Brit. Critic. 

SCl'O-LlST, n. [L. sciolus.\ One who knows little, or who 
knows many things superficially ; a smatterer. 

SCl'O-LOUS, a. Superficially or imperfectly knowing. 

* SCl-OM'A-€HY (si-om'a-ke), n. [Gr. gkicl and uaxv-] A 
battle with a shadow. — Cowley. [Little used.] 

SCl'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. acta and fiavreia.] Divination by 
shadows. 

SCl'ON, n. See Cion. 

SCl-OPTIC, la. [Gr. oxia and o-rrrofxai.] Scioptic ball, an 

SCl-OPTRI€, 3 optical instrument, consisting of a convex 
lens fixed to an opening in the window-shutter for form- 
ing images in the camera obscura, and capable of being 
turned like the eye to different parts of the landscape. — 
Olmsted. 

SCl-OPTIC, n. A sphere or globe with a lens made to turn 
like the eye ; a scioptic ball. — Ash. 

SCl-OPTICS, n. The science of exhibiting images of ex- 
ternal objects, received through a double convex glass into 
adarkened room. 

SCI'RE Fa'CI-AS (si're-fa'she-as), n. [L.] In law, a judicial 
writ, summoning a person to show cause to the court why 
something should not be done. — Blackstone. 

SCl'ROC, In. [It. scirocco.] In Italy, a southeast wind ; 

SCI-RO€'€0, 5 a hot, suffocating wind, blowing from the 
burning deserts of Africa. See Sirocco. 

S€IR-RHOS'I-TY, n. An induration of the glands. [The 
spelling skirrhosity would be preferable.] 

SCIRRHOUS (skir'rus), a. 1. Indurated; hard; knotty, 
as a gland. 2. Proceeding from scirrhus. 

SCIR'RHUS, n. [It. scirro ; Sp. escirro ; L. scirrus ; Gr. 
GKippos. The spelling skirrhus would be preferable.] In 
medicine, hard, rigid, vascular infarction, or filling of 
glandular follicles, tending, when irritated, to a cancerous 
ulcer. — Good. 

-SCIS-CI-Ta'TION, n. [L. sciscitor.] The act of inquiring ; 
inquiry ; demand. — Hall. [Little used.] 

SCIS'SI-BLE (sis'se-bl), a. [L. scissus, scindo.] Capable of 
being cut or divided by a sharp instrument. — Bacon. 

SCIS'SlLE (sis'sil), a. [L. scissilis.] That may be cut or di- 
vided by a sharp instrument.— Arbuthnot. 

SCIS'SlLE, n. The clippings of various metals in various 
mechanical operations, and also in coining. — Brande. 

SCIS'SION (sizh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. scissio.] The act of cutting 
or dividing by an edged instrument. — Wiseman. 

SCIS'SORS (siz'zurz), n. pi, [L. scissor.] A cutting instru- 
ment resembling shears, but smaller, consisting of two cut- 
ting blades movable on a pin in the center, by which they 
are fastened. 

SCIS'SURE (sizh'ur), n. [L. scissura.] A longitudinal 
opening in a body, made by cutting. 

SCIT-A-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. scitamentum.] Belonging to the 
scitaminea, one of Linnseus's natural order of plants, most- 
ly tropical herbs, as ginger, turmeric, &c. — Asiat. Res. 

BCI<H-RiNES, n. pi. [L. sciurua.] Rodent animals of the 
squirrel tribe. — Brande. 

SCLA-Vo'NI-AN, ) a. [Sclavi.] Pertaining to the Sclavi, who 

SLA-VON'IC, 5 were the ancestors of the Russians, 
Poles, Hungarians, &c, or to their language. 

SCLER'O-DERMS, n.pl. [Gr. cKXrjpos, hard, and deftm, skin.] 
A family of plectognathic fishes, having a skin covered 
with hard scales. — Brande. 

SCLE-ROTIC, a. [Gr. ciiXr}Doi .] Hard ; firm ; applied to 
the firm, white outer coat membrane, or tunic of the eye. 

SCLE-ROTIC, n. 1. The firm, white, outer coat of the eye. 
2. A medicine which hardens and consolidates the parts 
to which it is applied. 

SCoAT, n. See Scot. 

SCOB'I-FORM, a. [L. scobs and form.] Having the form 
of saw-dust or raspings. 

SCOBS, n. pi. [L.] Raspings of ivory, hartshorn, or other 
hard substance ; dross of metals, &c. — Chambers. 

SCOFF, v. i. [Gr. ff/cwnrw.] To treat with insolent ridicule, 
mockery, or contumelious language ; to manifest contempt 
by derision : with at. — Syn. To jeer ; sneer ; mock ; gibe. 

SCOFF, v. t. To treat with derision or scorn; to address 
with contumelious language. — Fotherby. 

SCOFF, n. Derision, ridicule, mockery, or reproach, ex- 
pressed in language of contempt ; expression of scorn or 
contempt. 

SCOFF ED (skoft), pp. Treated with derision or scorn. 



SCOFF'ER, n. One who scoffs ; one who mocks, derides 
or reproaches in the language of contempt; a scorner. 

SCOFFING, ppr or a. Deriding or mocking ; treating with 
reproachful language. 

SCOFFING, n. The act of treating with scorn.— Ash. 

SCOFF'ING-LY, adv. In mockery or contempt, by ws>y oi 
derision. — Broome. 

SCoLD, v. i. [D. schclden ; G. scheltea.] To find fault or 
rail with rude clamor ; to brawl ; to utter railing, or harsh, 
rude, boisterous rebuke : with at. 

SCoLD, v. t. To give a chiding with rudeness and boister- 
ous clamor. Boswell. — Syn. To rate ; reprimand ; chide •. 
rebuke ; reprove. 

SCoLD, n. 1. A rude, clamorous, foul-mouthed woman. 
Swift. 2. A scolding ; a brawl. 

SCoLD'ER, n. One who scolds or rails. 

SCoLD'ING, ppr. 1. Railing with clamor ; uttering rebuke 
in rude and boisterous language. 2. a. Given to scolding. 

SCoLD'ING, n. The uttering of rude, clamorous language 
by way of rebuke or railing ; railing language. 

SGoLD'ING-LY, adv. With rude clamor or railing. 

SCOL'E-ClTE, n. [Gr. okuXtjI, a worm, from its twisting 
under the flame of the blowpipe.] One division of the old 
^•ecies mesotype, occurring in radiated crystallizations, 
white or transparent, and consisting of silica, alumina, 
lime, and water. — Dana. 

SCOL'LOP, n. 1. A shell-fish with a pectinated shell ; [see 
Scallop.] % An indenting or cut like those of a scallop 
shell. 

SCOL'LOP, v. u Ta form or cut with scollops. See Scal- 
lop. 

SCOL-O-PEN'DRA, n. [Gr. oKoXoirevSpa.] 1. A venomous 
serpent. 2. A genus of venomous insects without wings, 
usually called centipeds. 

SCOM'BER-OID, n. The scomberoids (or mackerel tribe 
are a family of fishes, of which the scomber is the type. 
Brande. 

t SCOMM, n. [L. scomma.] 1. A buffoon. 2. A flout ; a jeer 

SCONCE, n. [D. schans ; G. schanze; D.skands.] 1. A fort 
or bulwark ; a work for defense ; [obs.] 2. A hanging or 
projecting candlestick, generally with a mirror to reflect 
the light. 3. The circular tube with a brim in a candle- 
stick, into which the candle is inserted. 4. A fixed seat 
or shelf; [local.] 

SCONCE, n. [Dan. skionner, skiunsom.] 1. Sense ; judg 
ment ; discretion or understanding. 2. The head ; [a low 
v)ord.] 3. [qu. poll-tax.] A mulct or fine. 

f SCONCE, v. t. To mulct ; to fine.— Warton. 

SCOOP, n. [D. schop ; G. schuppe, schupp.] 1. A large ladle ; 
a vessel with a long handle fastened to a dish, used for 
dipping liquors ; also, a little hollow piece of wood for 
bailing boats. 2. An instrument of surgery. 3. A sweep ; 
a stroke ; a swoop. 

SCOOP, v. t. 1. To lade out ; properly, to take out with a 
scoop, or with a sweeping motion. 2. To empty by lad- 
ing. 3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish ; to excavate 
4. To remove, so as to leave a place hollow. 

SCOOP'-NET, n, A hand-net so formed as to sweep the 
bottom of a river. 

SCOOP ED (skoopt), pp. Taken out as with a scoop or 
ladle ; hollowed ; excavated ; removed so as to leave a 
hollow. 

SCOOP'ER, n. One who scoops ; also, a water-fowl. 

SCOOPING, ppr. Lading out ; making hollow ; excavating , 
removing so as to leave a hollow. 

SC5PE, n. [L. scopus ; Gr. okottoS.] 1. Space; room; am- 
plitude of intellectual view. 2. The limit of intellectual 
view ; the end or thing to which the mind directs its 
view ; that which is purposed to be reached or accom- 
plished ; hence, ultimate design, aim, or purpose ; inten- 
tion ; drift. 3. Liberty ; freedom from restraint ; room 
to move in. 4. Liberty beyond just limits ; license. 5. 
Act of riot ; sally ; excess. — Shak. ; [obs.] 6. Extended 
quantity. — Davies ; [ obs. ] 7. Length ; extent ; sweep ; 
[Mar. language.] 

SCo'PI-FORM, a. [L. scopa and form.] Having the form of 
abroom or besom. — Kirwan. 

SCo'PI-PED, n. [L. scopes, a broom, and pes, a foot] One 
of a tribe of melliferous insects, which have a brush of 
hairs on the posterior feet. 

i SCOP'PET, v. t. To lade out.— Bishop Hall. 

t SCOP'TIC-AL, \ a - L Gr - ""uktikos.] Scoffing.— Hammond. 

t SCOP'C-LOUS, a. [L. scopulosus.] Full of rocks ; rocky. 

t SCOR'BUTE, n. [L. scorbutus.] Scurvy.— Purchas. 

SCOR-BO'TIC, \a. [Fr. scorbutique.] 1. Affected or die. 

SCOR-BU'TIC-AL, j eased with scurvy. 2. Pertaining tc 
scurvy, or partaking of its nature. 3. Subject to scurvy. 

S€OR-Bu'TI€-AL-L Y, adv. With the scurvy, or with a tend 
ency to it 

SC6RCE, n. See Scorse. 

SCORCH, v. t. [D. schroeijen, schrooken.] 1. To burn super- 
ficially ; to subject to a degree of heat that changes the 



See Synopsis. 1, K, I, &c, long.— a, £, 1, &c, short.— F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y :— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



SCO 



SCO 



color of a thing, or both the color &nd texture of the sur- 
face. 2. To burn ; to afl'ect painfully with heat 

S€ORCH, v. i. To be burned on the surface ; to be parch- 
ed ; to be dried up. — Mortimer. 

SCORCHED (skorcht), pp. Burned on the surface ; pained 
by heat. 

SCORCHING, ppr. or a. Burning on the surface ; paining 
by heat. 

SCORCHING-FENNEL, n. A plant of the genus thapsia; 
deadly carrot. — Lee. 

SCORCHES' G-LY, adv. So as to parch or burn the surface. 

SCORCHTNG-NESS, n. The quality of scorching 

SCOR'DI-UM, n. [L.] A plant, the water-germander. 

SCoRE, n. [It. scor, sgorc.m; Sax. scor.] 1. A notch or in- 
cision ; the number twenty. 2. A line drawn. 3. An ac- 
count or reckoning. 4. An account kept of something 
past ; an epoch ; an era. 5. Debt, or account of debt. 6. 
Account ; reason ; motive. 7. Account ; sake. — 8. In mu- 
sic, the original and entire draught of any composition, or 
its transcript. — To quit scores, to pay fully ; to make even 
by giving an equivalent. — A song i n score, the words with 
the musical notes of a song annexed. 

6€oRE, v. t. 1. To notch ; to cut and chip for the purpose 
of preparing for hewing. 2. To cut ; to engrave. 3. To 
mark by a line. 4. To set down, as a debt. 5. To set 
down or take, as an account , to charge. 6. To form a 
score in music. 

SC5R.ED (skord), pp. or a. Notched; set down ; marked; 
prepared for hewing. — In botany, a scored stem is marked 
with parallel lines or grooves. 

3€o'RI-A, n. ; pi. Scoriae. [L.] 1. Dross ; the recrement 
of metals in fusion, or the slag rejected after the reduction 
of metallic ores. 2. The cellular, slaggy lavas of a volca- 
no. — Dana. 

SCO-RM'CEOUS (-shus), a. Pertaining to dross ; like dross 
or the recrement of metals ; partaking of the nature of 
scoria. 

SCO-RI-FI-Ca'TION, n. In metallurgy, the act or operation 
of reducing a body, either wholly or in part, into scoria. 

3€5'RI-Fl.ED (-fide), pp. or a. Reduced to scoria. 

SCo'RI-FGRaI, a. [L. scoria and form.] Like scoria; in the 
form of_dross. — Kirwan. 

SCo'RLFy, v. t. To reduce to scoria or drossy matter. 

3€o/RIFY-ING, ppr. Reducing to scoria. 

SCoRTNG, ppr. Notching ; marking ; setting down as an 
account or debt ; forming a score. 

SGo'RI-OUS. a. Drossy; cindery; recrementitious. — Brown. 

SGORN, n. [Sp. escarnio ; Port, escarneo.] 1. Extreme con- 
tempt ; that disdainful feeling or treatment which springs 
from a person's opinion of the meanness of an object, and 
a consciousness or belief of his own superiority or worth. 
2. A subject of extreme contempt, disdain, or derision ; 
that which is treated with contempt. — To think scorn, to 
disdain; to despise. — Sidney; [obs.] — To laugh to scorn, 
to deride ; to make a mock of; to ridicule as contempti- 
ble. — Syn. Contempt; disdain; derision; contumely; 
despite ; slight ; dishonor ; contempt. 

SGORN, v. t. 1. To hold in extreme contempt ; to despise ; 
to contemn ; to disdain. — Job, xvi. 2. To think unwor- 
thy ; to disdain. 3. To slight ; to disregard ; to neglect. 

t SGORN, v. i. To scorn at, to scoff at ; to treat with con- 
tumely, derision, or reproach. — Shak. 

SCORNED, pp. Extremely contemned or despised ; dis- 
dained. 

SGORN'ER, n. 1. One who scorns ; a contemner ; a de- 
spiser. 2. A scoffer ; a derider. — In Scripture, one who 
scoffs at religion. 

SCORNFUL, a. 1. Entertaining or expressing scorn. 2. 
Acting in defiance or disregard. — 3. In Scripture, holding 
religion in contempt — Syn. Contemptuous; disdainful; 
contumelious ; reproachful ; insolent. 

S€ORN'FUL-LY, adv. With extreme contempt; contempt- 
uously ; insolently. — Atterbury. 

SCORNFUL-NESS, n. The quality of being scornful. 

SCORNING, ppr. Holding in great contempt ; despising ; 
disdaining. 

SCORNING, n. The act of contemning ; a treating with 
contempt, slight, or disdain. 

S€OR'0-DlTEr?2. [Gr. cKopocov, garlic, from its odor before 
the blowpipe.] A native compound of arsenic acid and 
oxyd of iron, having a leek-green or brownish color. — 
Dana. 

S€OR'PT-0, n. [L.] The scorpion. 

SCOR'PI-ON. n. [Fr. ; L. scorpio.] 1. A name common to 
the arachnidans of the genus scorpio. Scorpions have an 
elongated body, with a long, slender-jointed tail, terminated 
in a"stir)2. which effuses a venomous fluid, giving rise to 
excruciating pain. They are found in Southern Europe, 
Africa, the East Indies, and South America. — 2. In Scrip- 
ture, a painful scourge ; a kind of whip armed with points 
like a scorpion's tail 1 Kings, xii. — 3. In astronomy, the 
eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about Oct. 
23. 4. [L. scorpiw.] A sea-fish. — Ainsworth. [See Sea- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ; -AN'GER, VI"CIGUS, 



scorpion.1 — Water-scorpion, an aquatic insect See \\* 

TEK-SCOHPION. 

SCOR'PI-ON-FLY, n. A neuropterous insect of the genus 
panorpa, having a tail which resembles that of a scorpion 

SCOR'PION-GRaSS, n. A plant of the genus myosotis, one 
species of which is the forget-me-not. — Loudon. 

SCOR'PI-ON-SEN'NA, n. A shrub of the uenus coronilla. 

SCORTION-W6RT (-wurt), n. A plant, bird's-foot— Parr. 

SCOR'PI-ONS-TaIL, 7i. A plant of the genus scorpiurus> 
with a twisted pod like a reptile's tail. 

SCOR'PI-ONS-THORN, n. A plaut of the genus ulez. 

t SCoRSE, n. [It. scorsa.] A course or dealing; barter. 

I SCoRSE, v. t. 1. To chase. 2. To barter or exchange 

t SCoRSE. v. i. To deal for the purchase of a horse. 

SCOR'TA-TO-RY, a. [L. scorlator.] Pertaining to or con- 
sisting in lewdness. 

SCOR'ZA, n. In mineralogy, a variety of epidote. 

SCOT. n. [Sax scent ; Ice. shot ; D. schot ; Fr. ccol ; It scot 
to ; Sp. escote.] In law and English history, a portion of 
money, assessed or paid ; a tax. — Scot and lot, parish pay- 
ments. When persons were taxed, not to the same 
amount but according to their ability, they were said to 
pay scot and lot. 

SCOT, n. [Sax. scotta, scotte.] A native of Scotland. 

SCOT'AL, \n. [scot and ale.] In law, the keeping of an 

SCOT'aLE, ) ale-house by the officer of a forest and 
drawing people to spend their money for liquor, for fear 
of his displeasure. 

SCOTCH, a. Pertaining to Scotland or its inhabitants 

SCOTCH, )v. t. To support, as a wheel, by placing some 

SCOT, 3 obstacle to prevent its rolling. [Scotch is 
local in England ; both words are sometimes used in 
America.] 

t SCOTCH, v. t. [qu. Sax. sceadan.] T© cut with shallow 
incisions ; hence, to wound slightly ; as, " we have sco'.ciud 
the snake, not killed it." — Shak. 

SCOTCH n- A slight cut or shallow incision ; a line drawn 
on the ground, as in hop-scotch. — Shak. 

SCOTCH-COL'LOPS, ln.pl. Veal cut into 

SCOTCTIED'-COL'LOFS (skotchf-), 5 small pieces. 

SCOTCH -FID'DLE, n. A cant name for the itch.— Grose. 
— Walter Scott. 

SCOTCH'-HOP'PER, n. A play in which boys hop over 
scotches or lines in the ground ; hop-scotch.— Locke. 

SCo'TER, n. The black diver or duck, a marine fowl. 

SCOTCHED (skotcht), pp. 1. Cut with shallow incisions 
2. Supported, as a wheel. 

SCOTCHING, ppr. 1. Cutting w:rn shallow incisions. £ 
Supporting, as a wheel. See the verb. * 

SCOT'FPlEE, a. 1. Free from payment or scot ; untaxed 
2._ Unhurt ; clear ; safe. 

SCo'TI-A (sko'she-a), n. [Gr. cKoria.] In architecture, a hol- 
low molding in the base of a column between the fillets 
of the tori. — Gwilt. 

SCo'TIST, n. [from Duns Scotus.] One of the followers 
of Scotus, a sect of school divines. 

SCOT-O-DIN'I-A, n. [Gr.] In medicine, giddiness, with im 
perfect vision. — Brande. 

SCOTO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. cKorog and yp.*pu>.] An instru- 
ment for writing in the dark, or without seeing. 

SCOTO-MY, n. [Gr. gkotuu:.] Dizziness or swimming of 
the head, with dimness of sia:ht. 

SCOT'TER-ING, n. A provincial word in Herefordshire, 
England denoting the burning of a wad of pease-straw at 
the end of harvest. — Johnson. 

SCOTTI-CISM, n. An idiom or peculiar expression of the 
natives of Scotland— Beattie. 

SCOTTISH, a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland 
or to their country or language. 

SCOUNDREL, n. [said to be from It. scond-iruole.] A mean, 
worthless fellow ; a rascal ; a low, petty villain ; a man 
without honor or virtue. — Pope. 

SCOUNDREL, a. Low: base; mean; unprincipled. 

SCOUNDREL-ISM, n. Baseness ; turpitude ; rascality.— 
Cotgrave. 

SCOUR, v. t. [Goth, skauron ; Sax. scizr ; D. schuuren ; G. 
scheuern ; Dan. skurer.] 1. To rub hard with something 
rough, for the purpose of cleaning. 2. To clean by fric- 
tion"; to make clean or bright. 3. To cleanse from grease, 
dirt &c., as articles of dress ; to restore. 4. To purge 
violently. 5. To remove by scouring. 6. To range or 
search for the purpose of taking ; as, to scour the coasts 
for pirates. 7. To pass swiftly over ; to brush along. 

SCOUR, v. i. 1. To perform the business of cleaning ves- 
sels by rubbing. 2. To clean. 3. To be purged to excess 
4. To rove or range for sweeping or taking something. 5. 
To run with celerity ; to scamper. 

SCOUR-ED. pp. Rubbed with something rough, or made 
clean by rubbing; cleansed from grease, dirt, Sec. ; severely 
purged ; brushed along. 

SCOUR'ER, n. One who scours or cleans by rubbing ; one 
who cleanses clothes from grease, dirt, See. 2. A drastia 
cathartic. 3. One who runs with speed. 

K7<i 



.1 ; S as Z • CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete 



SCR 



890 



SCR 



S€6UR<SE (skurj), n. [Fr. escourgie ; It. scoreggia.] 1. A 
whip ; a lash consisting of a strap or cord ; an instrument 
of punishment or discipline. 2. A punishment; a vindic- 
tive affliction. 3. He or that which greatly afflicts, harass- 
es or destroys ; particularly, any continued evil or calam- 
ity. 4. A whip for a top. 

8C0UR.6E (skurj), v. t. [It. scoreggiare.] 1. To whip se- 
verely ; to lash. 2. To punish with severity ; to chastise : 
to afflict for sins or faults, and with the purpose of correc- 
tion. 3. To afflict greatly ; to harass, torment, or injure. 

SC6UR6.ED (skurjd), pp. Whipped ; lashed ; punished se- 
verely; harassed. 

SCoURg'ER (skurj'er), n. One who scourges or punishes ; 
one who afflicts severely. 

SCoUR6'ING, ppr. Whipping ; lashing with severity ; pun- 
ishing or afflicting severely. 

8 SOURING, ppr. Rubbing hard with something rough; 
cleaning or cleansing, as from grease, &c. ; ranging. 

SCOURTNG, n. A rubbing hard for cleaning ; a cleansing 
from grease, dirt, &c. ; a cleansing by a drastic purge ; 
looseness ; flux. — Bacon. 

S€oURSE, n. See Scorse. 

S€OUT, n. [Fr. ecout, ccouter ; It. scolta, scoltare; L. auscul- 
to.] 1. In military affairs, a person, commonly a horse- 
man, sent before an army, or to a distance, for the pur- 
pose of observing the motions of an enemy or discovering 
any danger, and giving notice to the commanding officer. 
2. A cant term at Oxford for a college servant or waiter. 
— Oxford Guide. 3. A high rock ; [obs.] 

SCOUT, v. i. To go on the business of watching the mo- 
tions of an enemy ; to act as a scout. 

S€OUT, v. t. [perhaps Sw. skiuta.] To sneer at ; to treat 
with disdain and contempt. [In use in America.] 

SCOUTED, pp. Sneered at; treated with contempt. 

SCOUTING, ppr. Treating with contempt. 

SG6V.EL (skuvl), n. [W. ysgubell ; L. scopa.] A mop for 
sweeping ovens ; a maulkin. — Ainsworth. 

S€OW, n. [D. schouw ; Dan. skude.) A large, flat-bottomed 
boat ; used as a ferry-boat, or for loading and unloading 
vessels. [In use in New England.] 

SCOW, v. t. To transport in a scow. 

S€OW£D (skowd), pp. Transported in a scow. 

SCOWL, v. i. [Sax. scul ; D. scheel, schielen.] 1. To wrin- 
kle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure ; to put on a 
frowning look ; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry. 2. 
To look gloomy, frowning, dark, or tempestuous. 

SCOWL, v. t. To drive with a scowl or frowns. 

SCOWL, ii. 1. The wrinkling of the brows in frowning ; 
the expression of displeasure, sullenness. or discontent in 
the countenance. 2. Gloom ; dark or rude aspect. 

SCOWL£D (skowld), pp. Frowned at. 

SCOWLING, ppr. or a. Contracting the brows into wrin- 
kles ; frowning ; expressing displeasure or sullenness. 

SCOWL'ING-LY, adv. With a wrinkled, frowning aspect ; 
with a sullen look. 

SCRAB'BLE (skrablDi), v. i. [D. krabbelen, krabben ; G. krab- 
beln, graben.] 1. To scrape, paw, or scratch with the 
hands ; to move along on the hands and knees by claw- 
ing with the hands ; to scramble ; [provincial in England ; 
common in New England.] 2. To make irregular or crook- 
ed marks ; to scribble. 

SCRAB'BLE, v. t. To mark with irregular lines or letters. 

SCRAB'BLE, n. A motion on the hands and knees ; a scram- 
ble. — Holloway. 

SCRAB'BLING, ppr. Scraping ; scratching ; scrambling ; 
making irregular marks. 

f SCRAF'FLE, v. i. 1. To scramble; to be industrious. — 
Brockctt. 2. To shuffle ; to use evasion. — Grose. 

SCRAG, n. Something thin or lean with roughness. 

SCRAGGED, la. 1. Rough with irregular points or a bro- 

SCRAG'GY, 5 ken surface. 2. Lean with roughness. 

SCRAG'GED-NESS, ) n. Leanness, or leanness with rough- 

SCRAG'GI-NESS, 5 ness ; ruggedness ; roughness occa- 
sioned by broken, irregular points. 

S€RAG'GI-LY, adv. With leanness and roughness. 

SCRAM'BLE, v. i. [D. schrammen.] 1. To move or climb 
by seizing objects with the hand, and drawing the body 
forward." 2. To seize or catch eagerly at any thing that is 
desired ; to catch with haste preventive of another ; to 
catch at without ceremony. 

SGRAM'BLE, n. 1. An eager contest for something, in 
which one endeavors to get the thing before another. 2. 
The act of climbing by the help of the hands. 

SCRAM'BLER, n. One who scrambles ; one who climbs 
by the help of the hands. 

^GRAM'BLING, ppr. 1. Climbing by the help of the hands. 
2. Catching at eagerly and without ceremony. 

*i€RAM'BLING. n. 1. The act of climbing by the help of 
the hands. 2. The act of seizing or catching at with ea- 
ger haste and without ceremony. 

SCRAM'BLING-LY, adv. By seizing or catching at eagerly. 

SCRaNCH, v. t. [D. schranssen.] To grind with the teeth, 
and with a crackling sound ; to craunch. 



t SCRANTCEL, a. Slight ; poor.— Milton. 

SCRAP, n. [from scrape.] 1. A small piece; a fragment 
a crum. 2. A part ; a detached piece ; as, scraps of histo 
ry or poetry. 3. A small piece of paper. 

SCRAP'-BOOK, n. A blank book for the preservation of 
short pieces of poetry or other extracts from books and 
papers. 

SCRaPE, v. t. [Sax. screopan ; D. schraqjpen, schrabben ; G. 
schrapen ; Sw. skrapa.] 1. To rub the surface of any thing 
with a sharp or rough instrument, or with something hard. 
2. To clean by scraping. — Lev., xiv. 3. To remove or 
take off by rubbing. 4. To act upon the surface with a 
grating noise. 5. To insult by drawing the feet over the 
floor. — Grose ; [used in the English un iversiti.es.] — To scrape 
off, to remove by scraping ; to clear away by rubbing.— 
To scrape together, to gather by close industry or small 
gains or savings. 

SCRaPE, v. i. 1. To make a harsh noise. 2. To play awk 
wardly on a violin. 3. To make an awkward bow. — To 
scrape acquaintance, to make one's self acquainted ; to 
curry favor ; [a low phrase.] 

SCRaPE, n. [Dan. scrab ; Sw. skrap.] 1. A rubbing. 2. 
The sound of the foot drawn over the floor. 3. A bow. 

4. Difficulty ; perplexity ; distress ; that which harasses 
— T. B. Macaulay;[a low word.] 

SCRaPJED (skrapt), pp. Rubbed on the surface with a 
sharp or rough instrument ; cleaned by rubbing ; cleared 
away by scraping. 

SCRIP'ER, n. 1. An instrument with which any thing is 
scraped. 2. An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, 
and used for scraping earth in making or repairing roads, 
&c. 3. An instrument having two or three sharp sides or 
edges, for cleaning the planks, masts, or decks of a ship, 
&c. 4. A miser ; one who gathers property by penurious 
diligence and small savings ; a scrape-penny. 5. An awk- 
ward fiddler. 

SCRaP'ING, ppr. Rubbing the surface with something 
sharp or hard ; cleaning by a scraper. 

SCRaP'ING, n. A drawing of the feet over the floor as an 
insult to some one. — Grose. [Used in the English uni- 
versities.] 

t SCRAT, v. t. To scratch.— Burton. 

t SCRAT, v. i. To rake ; to search. 

t SCRAT, n. A hermaphrodite. — Skinner. 

SCRATCH, v. t. [G. kratzen, ritzen, kritzeln ; D. kratsen ; Sw. 
kratsa.] 1. To rub and tear the surface of any thing with 
something sharp or ragged. 2. To wound slightly. 3. To 
rub with the nails. 4. To write or draw awkwardly ; [obs.] 

5. To dig or excavate with the claws. — To scratch out, to 
erase ; to rub out ; to obliterate. 

SCRATCH, v. i. To use the claws in tearing the surface. 

SCRATCH, n. 1. A rent ; a break in the surface of a thing 
made by scratching, or by rubbing with any thing pointed 
or ragged. 2. A slight wound. 3. A kind of wig worn 
for covering baldness or gray hairs, or for other purpose. 
— 4. Among boxers, a line across the prize-ring, up to 
which boxers are brought when they join fight — Grose , 
[low.] — 5. Scratches are a disease in horses, consisting of 
dry chaps, rifts, or scabs between the heel and pastern 
joint. — Buchanan. 

SCRATCHED (skracht), pp. Torn by the rubbing of some 
thing rough or pointed. 

SCRATCH'ER, n. 1. He or that which scratches. 2. / 
bird which scratches for food, as the common cock and 
hen. 

SCRATCHES, n. pi. Cracked ulcers on a horse's foot 

SCRATCHING, ppr. Rubbing with something pointed oi 
rough ; rubbing and tearing "the surface. 

S€RATCH'ING-LY, adv. With the action of scratching.- 
Sidney. 

t SCRAW, n. [Irish and Erse.] Surface ; cut turf.— Swift. 

SCRAWL, v. t. [qu. D. schravelen.] 1. To draw or marl 
awkwardly and irregularly. 2. To write awkwardly. 

SCRAWL, v. i. 1. To write unskillfully and inelegantly. 2. 
To creep ; to crawl. 

SCRAWL, n. 1. Unskillful or inelegant writing; or a piece 
of hasty, bad writing. Pope. — 2. In New England, a rag- 
ged, broken branch of a tree, or other brushwood. 

SCRAWLED, pp. Written unskillfully. 

SCRAWL'ER, n. One who scrawls ; a hasty or awkward 
writer. 

SCRAWLING, ppn or a. Writing hastily or inelegantly. 

SCRAWNY, a. Meager; wasted. [This word is used 
colloquially in America, and is, undoubtedly, the same as 
scranny, which Halliwell mentions as being used in vari- 
ous dialects in England.] 

SCRaY, n. A bird called the sea-swallow or tern, 

t SCRE'A-BLE, a. [L. screabilis.] That may be spit out 

SCRkAK, iu i. [Sw. skrika; Dan. skriger.] To utter sud 
denly a sharp, shrill sound or outcry ; to scream, as in s 
sudden fright ; also, to creak, as a door or wheel. 

SCREAK, n. A creaking ; a screech. 

SCREAM, v. i. [Sax. rcomian, hraman, or hreman.] 1. Ti 



* See Synopsis, a, E, T, &c„ long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; -MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK. 



SCR 



891 



SCR 



utter a sudden, 6harp outcry, as in a fright or in extreme 
pain. 2. To utter a shrill, harsh cry. — Syn. To cry out ; 
shriek ; screech. 

SGReAM, n. A shriek, or sharp, shrill cry, uttered sudden- 
ly, as in terror or in pain ; or the shrill cry of a fowl. 

8CReAM'ER, n. A name given to two species of South 
American wading-birds, from their loud, shrill cry. — P. Cyc. 

SCReAM'ING, ppr. Uttering suddenly a sharp, shrill cry ; 
crying with a shrill voice. 

SCREAMING, n. The act of crying out with a shriek of 
terror or agony. 

SCREECH, v. i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skriger; G. schreien.] 1. 
To cry out with a sharp, shrill voice ; to utter a sudden, 
shrill cry, as in terror or acute pain ; to scream ; to shriek. 
2. To utter a sharp cry, as an owl ; thence called screech- 
owl. 

SCREECH, n. 1. A sharp, shrill cry, uttered in acute pain, 
or in a sudden fright. 2. A harsh, shrill cry. 

SGREECH'-OWL, a. Like a screech-owl.— Carlisle. 

SGREECH'-OWL, n. An owl that utters a harsh, disagree- 
able cry at night, often erroneously considered ill-boding. 

SGREECH'ING, ppr. Uttering a shrill or harsh cry. 

SGREED, n. In architecture, a name given to wooden rules 
for running moldings ; also, to the extreme guides on the 
margins of walls and ceilings for floating to, by the aid of 
the rules. — Brande. 

«<3REEN, n. [Fr. ecran.] 1. Any thing that separates or 
cuts oft' inconvenience, injury, or danger ; and hence, that 
which shelters or protects from danger, or prevents in- 
convenience. — 2. In architecture, a partition in churches, 
&c, carried tip to a certain height for separation and pro- 
tection ; as, an altar screen, &c. 3. Something movable, 
used for separation, shelter, or concealment, or to exclude 
heat, cold, or light. 4. A long coarse riddle or sieve, used 
to separate the coarser from the finer parts, as of coal, 
sand, &c. 

Q €REEN, v. t. 1. To separate or cut off from inconven- 
ience, injury, or danger; to afford protection by hiding. 2. 
To pass through a screen ; to separate the coarse part of any 
thing from the fine, or the worthless from the valuable. — 
Syn. To cover ; shelter ; protect ; defend ; shield ; hide ; 
conceal. 

SCREENED, pp. Protected or sheltered from injury or 
danger; sifted. 

SGREENTNG, ppr. Protecting from injury or danger. 

SCREW (skru), n. [D. schroef; G. schraube ; Dan, skruve, or 
skrue ; Sw. skruf.] 1. A cylinder of wood or metal, 
grooved spirally ; or a cylinder with a spiral channel or 
thread cut in such a manner that it is equally inclined to 
the base of the cylinder throughout the whole length. 2. 
One of the six mechanical powers. 3. A grooved piece 
of iron, used for fastening together pieces of wood or 
metal, usually called wood-screw. 

SGREW (skru), v. t. 1. To turn or apply a screw to ; to 
press, fasten, or make linn by a screw. 2. To force ; to 
squeeze; to press. 3. To oppress by exactions. 4. To 
deform by contortions ; to distort. — To screw out, to press 
out ; to extort. — To screw up, to force ; to bring by violent 
pressure.— To screw in, to force in by turning or twisting. 

SCREW'-PlNE, 11. [Malay, Pandang, i. e., something to be 
regarded.] A tree of the genus pandanus, which grows in 
the East Indies, &c, of great utility and beauty, and an ex- 
quisite odor. 

SGREW-TREE, n. An evergreen tropical shrub of the 
genus helicteres, so called from the manner in which the 
Iruit is twisted. 

SCREWED (skrude), pp. Fastened with screws ; pressed 
with screws ; forced. 

SGREW'ER (skru'er), n. He or that which screws. 

SGREW'ING, ppr. Turning a screw ; fastening or pressing 
with a screw. 

f SCRi-Ba'TIOUS (-shus), a. Skillful in or fond of writing. 
— Barrow. 

SGRIB'BLE, v. t. [L. scribillo.] 1. To write with haste, or 
without care or regard to correctness or elegance. 2. To 
fill with artless or worthless writing. 

SGRIB'BLE, v. i. To write without care or beauty. 

SGRIB'BLE, ?i. Hasty or careless writing. — Boyle. 

SCRIB'BLED, pp. Written hastily and without care. 

SGRIB'BLER, n. A petty author ; a writer of no reputation. 

SGRIB'BLING, n. Act of scribbling or writing hastily. 

SGRIB'BLING, ppr. Writing hastily and without care. 

SGRIB'BLING-LY, adv. In a scribbling way. 
SCRIBE, n. [Fr. ; L. scriba.] 1. In a general sense, a writer. 
2. A notary ; a public writer.— 3. In ecclesiastical meetings 
and. associations in America, a secretary or clerk ; one who 
records the transactions of an ecclesiastical body. — 4. In 
Scripture, a clerk or secretary to the king. — 2 Sam., viii. 
5. An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls of the army, 
and called over the names and reviewed them.— 2 Ch., 
xxvi. 6. A writer and a doctor of the law ; a man of 
learning • one skilled in the law ; one who read and ex- 
plained the law to the people. — Ezra, vii. 



SGRTBE, v. t. To mai k or fit by a rule or c impasses ; tc 
fit the edge of a board, &c, to another surface. 

SGRlB ED (skribd), pp. Marked or fitted to another surface. 

SGRlB'ING, ppr. Marking or fitting to another surface. 

SGRlB'ING, n. The fitting of the edge of a board to another 
surface.— In joinery, the fitting of one piece to another, so 
that their fibres may be perpendicular to each other.— 
Gwilt. 

t SGRlKE, v. i. To cry out. See Screak. 

t SGRl'MER, n. [Fr. escrimeur.] A fencing-master. 

SGRIMP, v. t. [Sw. skrumpen; D. krimpen.] To contract, 
to shorten ; to make too small or short ; to limit or straiten. 
[Neto England. Various dialects in England.— Halliwell.] 

SGRIMP, a. Short; scanty. 

SGRIMP, n. A pinching miser; a niggard; a close-fisted 
person. [Neio England.] 

SGPJMP'ING-LY, adv. In a scrimping or scanty manner. 

SGRlNE, 7i. [L. scrinium ; Norm, escrin.] A shrine ; a 
chest, book-case, or other place where writings or curiosi- 
ties are deposited. — Spenser. See Shrine. 

SCRINgE, v. i. To cringe, of which this word is a corrup- 
tion. 

SGRIP, n. [W. ysgrab, ysgrepan; Sw. skrappd.] A small 
bag ; a wallet ; a satchel. 

SGRIP, 77. [L. scriptum, scripiio.] A small writing, certifi- 
cate, or schedule ; a piece of paper containing a writing. 

t SCRIPT AGE, n. That which is contained in a scrip. 

SGRIPT. n. 1. A scrip. 2. Type in the form of written letters. 

SGRIP'TO-RY, a. [L. scriptorius.] Written ; expressed in 
writing; ; not verbal. — Swift. [Little used.] 

SCRIPT UR-AL, a. 1. Contained in the Scriptures, so call- 
ed by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible. 2. According 
to the Scriptures or sacred oracles. 

SGRIP'TUR-AL-IST, n. One who adheres literally to the 
Scriptures, and makes them the foundation of all philos- 
ophy. 

SGRIPTUR-AL-LY, adv. In a scriptural manner. 

SGRIP'TURE (skript'yur), n. [L. scriptura.] 1. In its pi-imc- 
ry sense, a writing ; any thing written. — 2. Appropriately, 
and by way of distinction, the books of the Old and New 
Testaments ; the Bible. 

SGRIPTUR-IST, 7i. One well versed in the Scriptures. 

SGRlVE'NER (skriv'ner), 77. [W. ysgrivenwr ; lt.scr;vano, 
Fr. ecrivain.] 1. A writer; one whose occupation is to 
draw contracts or other writings. 2. One whose business 
is to place money at interest. . 

SGRO-BICU-LATE, a. [L. scrobiculus.] Pitted; having 
numerous small shallow depressions or hollows. 

SGRO-BIG'U-LI-TED, a. [L. scrobiculus.] Having small 
pits or furrows. 

SGROF'U-LA, ti. [L.] A disease capable of affecting various 
parts, but which, when seated in glands, is manifested by 
indolent enlargement, sometimes suppurating imperfectly 
or ulcerating; more properly called struma.; and when 
seated in glands, popularly named king's evil. 

SGROF'U-LOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking 
of its nature. 2. Diseased or aftected with scrofula. 

SGROF'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a scrofulous manner. 

SGROG, n. [Sax. scrob.] A stunted shrub, bush, or branch. 

SCROLL, n. [Fr. ecroue.] 1. A roll of paper or parchment-, 
or a writing formed into a roll. — 2. In architecture, a name 
given to convoloid or spiral ornaments, variously intro- 
duced ; also, to the volutes of the Ionic and Corinthian 
capital. — Gwilt. 3. A rounded mark added to a person's 
name in signing a paper. In some states it has the same 
effect in law as a seal. — Bouviei: 

SGRo'TI-FORM, a. [L. scrotum.] Purse-shaped. 

SGRo'TO-CeLE, 11. A rupture or hernia in the scrotum. 

SGRo'TUM, n. [L.] The bag which contains the testicles. 

t SGROYLE, 77. [Fr. ecrouelles ; D. schraal.] A mean fel- 
low ; a wretch. — Shaft, 

SCRUB, v. t. [Sw. skrubba; Dan. skrubber ; D. schrobben ; 
G. schrubben.] To rub hard, either with the hand or with 
a cloth or an instrument; usually, to rub hard with a 
brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose 
of cleaning, scouring, or making bright. 

SCRUB, v. i. To be diligent and penurious. 

SCRUB, n. 1. A mean fellow; one who labors hard and 
lives meanly. 2. Something small and mean. 3. A worn 
out brush. 

SCRUB'-RaCE, n. A race between low and contemptible 

animals, got up for amusement. 
SCRUB'BED, \a. Small and mean; stunted in growth - 
SCRUB'BY, S Swift. 
SCRUBBED (skrubd). pp. Rubbed hard. 
SCRUB'BING, ppr. Rubbing hard. 
SGRUF, for scurf, not in use. 

SCRO'PLE (skru'pl), 71. [Fr. scrupule ; L. scrupulus, scrupu, 
lum.] 1. Doubt; hesitation from the difficulty of determ- 
ining what is right or expedient ; backwardness ; re- 
luctance to decide or to act ; perplexity. 2. A weight of 
20 grains, the third part of a dram. — 3. Proverbially, a very 
small quantity. — 1. In Eastern chronology, the j^j part of 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH aa SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



scu 



892 



SOU 



an hour ; a division of time used by the Chaldeans, Jews, 
Arabs, &c.—Hutton. 

SCRO'PLE, v. i. To doubt ; to hesitate. — Milton. 

SCRiJ'PLE, v. t. To doubt; to hesitate to believe ; to question. 

SGRV'PLED, pp. Doubted; questioned. 

SCRl'TLER, 11. A doubter ; one who hesitates. 

SGRuPLING, ppr. Doubting; hesitating; questioning. 

fSCRO'PU-LlZE, v. t. To perplex with scruples of con- 
science. — Montagu. 

S€RU-PU-LOS'I-TY, n. [L. scrupulositas.] 1. The quality 
or state of being scrupulous ; doubt ; doubtfulness respect- 
ing some difficult point, or proceeding from the difficulty 
or delicacy of determining how to act ; hence, the caution 
or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or of- 
fending. 2. Nicety of doubt ; or nice regard to exactness 
and propriety. 3. Niceness ; preciseness. 

SGRti'PU-LOUS, a. [L. scrupulosus ; Fr. scrupuleuz.] 1. 
Nicely doubtful ; exercising caution in decision or action, 
from a fear of offending or doing wrong. 2. Given to 
making objections. 3. Nice ; doubtful ; [obs.] 4. Exact 
in regarding facts. 5. Nice; exact. Paley. — Syn. Cau- 
tious ; careful ; conscientious ; hesitating ; captious. 

SGRO'PU-LOUS-LY, adv. With a nice regard to minute 
particulars or to exact propriety. — Taylor. 

SCRu'PU-LOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
scrupulous niceness, exactness, or caution in determining 
or in acting, lVom a regard to truth, propriety, or expe- 
dience. 

SCRu'TA-BLE, a. Discoverable by inquiry or critical ex- 
amination. — Decay of Piety. 

{• SCRU-TXTION, n. Search ; scrutiny. 

SCRU-TaTOR, n. [L.] One who scrutinizes ; a close ex- 
aminer or inquirer. — Ayliffe. [Little used.] 

SCRU-TI-NEER', n. One who scrutinizes. 

SGRu'TI-NlZE, v. t. To search closely ; to examine or in- 
quire in to_ critically ; to investigate. 

SCRu'TI-NlZE'D, pp. Examined closely. 

S€Ru'Tl-NlZ-ER, n. One who examines with critical care. 

SCRfj'TI-NlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Inquiring into with critical 
minuteness or exactness ; searching closely. 

SCRu'TI-NOUS, a. Closely inquiring or examining; cap- 
tious. — Dsuham. 

SGRu'T I-NY, n. [Fr. scrutin ; It. scrutinio ; Sp. escrulinio ; 
Low L. scrutinium.] 1. Close search ; minute inquiry ; 
careful investigation ; critical examination. — 2. In the 
primitive Church, an examination of catechumens in the 
last week of Lent, who were to receive baptism on East- 
er-day.— 3. In the canon law, a ticket or little paper billet 
on which a vote is written. — 4. In parliamentary language, 
an examination of the votes given at an election by a com- 
mittee for the purpose of correcting the poll. — Brande. 

f SCRu'TI-NY, v. t. The same as scrutinize. 

SCRU-TOIR' (skru-twor'), n. [Fr. ecritoire.] A kind of desk, 
case of drawers, or cabinet, with a lid opening downward 
for the convenience of writing on it. 

SGROZE, v. t. To crowd ; to squeeze. [A low word.] 

SCUD, v. i. [Dan. skyder, skud; Sw. skudda.] 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, to be driven or to flee or fly with haste. — In sea- 
men's language, to be driven with precipitation before a 
tempest. 2. To run with precipitation ; to fly. 

SCUD, v. t. To pass over quickly. — Shenstone. 

SCUD, n. 1. The seamen's name for loose, vapory clouds, 
driven swiftly by the wind. 2. A driving along ; a rush- 
ing with precipitation. 

SCUD'DING, ppr. Driving or being driven before a tempest ; 
running with fleetness. 

SCUD'DLE, v. i. To run with a kind of affected haste; 
commonly pronounced scuttle. [A low word.] 

S€U'DO (skoo'do), n. ; pi. Scudi (skoo'de). [It.J An Italian 
silver coin and money of account. The scudo of Rome is 
worth 4s. id. sterling, or one dollar. — P. Cyc. 

SCUF'FLE (skuf'fl), n. [This is a different orthography of 
shuffle; Sw. skuff, skuffa; Dan. skuffe.] I. A contention or 
trial of strength between two persons, who embrace each 
other's bodies; a struggle with close embrace, to decide 
which shall throw the other. 2. A confused contest; a 
tumultuous struggle for victory or superiority ; a fight. 

SCUF'FLE, v. i. 1. To strive or struggle with close em- 
brace, as two men or boys. 2. To strive or contend tu- 
multuously, as small parties. 

SCUF'FLER, n. 1. One who scuffles. 2. An agricultural 
implement resembling the scarifier, but usually lighter. — 
Farm. Encyc. 

SCUF'FLING, ppr. Striving for superiority with close em- 
brace ; struggling or contending without order. 

HOUG, v. t. [Dan. skygger.] To hide. — Grose. [Local.] 

SCULK, v. i. To retire into a close or covered place for con- 
cealment ; to lurk ; to lie close from shame, fear of in- 
jury, or detection. See Skulk. 

BGULK'ER, n. A lurker; one who lies close for hiding. 
See Skulker. 

SCULK'ING, ppr. Withdrawing into a close or covered 
place for concealment ; lying close. 



SCULL, n. 1. The brain-pan ; [see Skull.] 2. A boat; h 
cock-boat; [see Sculler.] 3. One who sculls a boat. 4. 
An oar, so short that one man can work a pair ; usually 
an oar placed over the stern of a boat and worked from 
side to side. — Brande. 5. [Sax. sceole.] A shoal or multi 
tude of fish.— Halliwell ; [obs.] 

SCULL, v. t. To impel a boat by moving and turning an 
oar over the stern. — Totten. 

SCULL'-CAP. See Skull-cap. 

SCULL.ED, pp. Impelled by turning an oar over the stern. 

SCULL'ER, 7i. 1. A boat rowed by one man with two 
sculls or short oars. 2. One who sculls, or rows with 
sculls ; one who impels a boat by an oar over the stern. 

SCULL'ER- Y, n. [Fr. ecuelle; Scot, skul, skoll] A pine 
where dishes, kettles, and other culinary utensils are kept. 

SCULL'ING, ppr. Impelling a boat by an oar. 

SCULL'ION (skul'yun), n. [Ir. squille.] A servant that cleans 
pots and kettles, and does other menial services in the 
kitchen. 

t SGULL'ION-LY, a. Like a scullion ; base ; low ; mean. 

t SCULP, v. t. [L. sculpo.] To carve; to engrave. 

SCULPTILE, a. [L. sculptilis.] Formed by carving. 

SCULPTOR, n. [L.] One whose occupation is to cax-ve 
wood or stone into images ; a carver. — Encyc. 

SCULP'TUR-AL, a. Pertaining to sculpture or engraving. 

SCULPTURE (skulpt'yur), n. [Fr. ; L. sculptura.] The art 
of carving, cutting, or hewing wood or stone into images 
of men, beasts, or other things; applied particularly to 
carving images or statues in stone. 2. Carved work. 3. 
The art of engraving on copper. 

SCULPTURE, v. t. To carve ; to engrave ; to form images 
or figures with the chisel on wood, stone, or metal. 

SCULPTURED, pp. or a. Carved ; engraved. 

SCULPTURING, ppr. Carving; engraving. 

SCUM, n. [Fr. ecume ; It. schiuma ; Sw., Dan. skum.] 1 
The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the 
surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which 
form on the surface by other means. 2. The refuse ; the 
recrement ; that which is vile or worthless. 

SCUM, v. t. To take the scum from ; to clear off the impure 
matter from the surface ; to skim. 

SCUM'BER, n. The dung of the i'ox.—Ainsworth. 

SCUM'BLE, v. t. In oil painting, thinly to spread or rub 
opaque or semi-opaque colors over other colors, to modify 
the effect. — Jocelyn. 

SCUM'BLING, n. In oil painting, the act of thinly spread 
ing or rubbing opaque or semi-opaque colors over othei 
colors, to modify the effect ; the colors thus spread ovei 
others. — Jocelyn. 

SGUMM.ED (skumd), pp. Cleared of scum ; skimmed. 

SCUM'MER, n. [Fr. ecumoire.] An instrument used tcu: 
taking off the scum of liquors ; a skimmer. 

SCUM'MING, ppr. Clearing of scum ; skimming. 

SCUM'MINGS, n. pi. The matter skimmed from boiling 
liquors. — Edwards, W. Indies. 

SCUP'PER, n. [Sp. escupir.] The scuppers or scupper-holes 
of a ship are channels cut through the water-ways and 
sides of a ship at proper distances, and lined with lead, for 
carrying off the water from the deck. 

SCUP'PER-HoSE, n. A pipe of leather, canvas, &c, at- 
tached to the mouth of the scuppers on the outside of a 
vessel, to prevent the water from entering. 

SCUP'PER-NaIL, n. A nail with a very broad head for 
covering a large surface of the hose. — Mar. Diet. 

SCUP'PER-PLUG, n. A plug to stop a scupper. 

SCURF, n. [Sax. scurf; G. schcrf ; D. schurft ; Dan. skurv ; 
Sw. skorf] 1. A dry miliary scab or mealy crust formed 
on the skin of an animal. 2. The soil or foul remains of 
any thing adherent. 3. Any thing adhering to the surface. 

SCURF'I-NESS, n. The state of being scurfy. 

SCURF'Y, a. 1. Having scurf; covered with scurf. 2. Re- 
sembling scurf. 

SCUR'RiLE (skuriril), n. [L. scurrilis.] Such as befits a 
buffoon or vulgar jester ; low ; mean ; grossly opprobrious 
in language ; scurrilous. — Dryden. 

S€UR-RIL'I-TY, n. [L. scurrilitas ; Fr. scurrilite.] Such 
low, vulgar, indecent, or abusive language as is used by 
mean fellows, buffoons, jesters, and the like ; grossness of 
reproach or invective ; obscene jests, &c. — Syn. Scurril- 
ousness ; abuse ; insolence ; vulgarity ; indecency. 

SCUR'RIL-OUS, a. 1. Using the low and indecent language 
of the meaner sort of people, or such as only the license 
of buffoons can warrant. 2. Containing low indecency or 
abuse ; obscenely jocular. — Syn. Opprobrious ; abusive ; 
reproachful ; insulting ; insolent ; offensive , gross ; vile ; 
vulgar ; low ; foul ; foul-mouthed ; indecent ; scurrile ; 
mean. 

SCUR'RIL-OUS-LY, adv. With gross reproach ; with low, 
indecent language. — Tillotson. 

SCUR'RIL-OUS-NESS, n. Indecency of language ; vulgar- 
ity ; baseness of manners. 

SCUR'VI-LY, adv. [from scurvy.] Basely; meanly; with 
coarse and vulgar incivility. — Swift. 



See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c, long.— I, e, I, &c„ short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—MARiNE, BtPD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



SEA 



893 



SEA 



SCUR/VI-XESS, n. The state of being scurvy. 
SCUR'VY, n. [from scurf; Low L. scorbutus.] A disease 
characterized by livid spots of various sizes, paleness, de- 
pression of spirits, general exhaustion, pains in the limbs, 
and bleeding from almost all the mucous membranes. It 
is particularly occasioned by long confinement with a lim- 
ited range of food. 
3€UR'VY\ a. 1. Scurfy ; covered or affected by scurf or 
scabs ; scabby ; diseased with scurvy. 2. Vile ; mean ; 
low ; vulgar ; worthless : contemptible. — Swift. 
SCUR'VY-GRISS, n. A plant, also called spoon-wort, allied 
to the horseradish, and so named from being often used j 
as a remedy for the scurvy. 
SCCS'ES, for excuses.— Shak. 
^CUT, n. [Ice. skott; W. cwt.] The tail of a hare or other 

animal whose tail is short. — Swift. 
SCu'TAgE, n. [Law L. scutagium.) In English history, a 
tax or contribution levied upon those who held lands by 
krright-service. 
SCUTATE, a. [L. scutum.] 1. In botany, having the form 
of an ancient, round buckler. Loudon. — 2. In zoology, pro- 
tected by large scales, as a surfacer. — Brande. 
SCUTCH, v. t. "[same as scotch, to cut slightly.] To beat or 

whip slightly.— Halliwell. 
S€UTCH, v. t. In Pennsylvania, to dress flax with a scutching- 
knife, called, in New England, a sicingle or swingling -knife. 
8€UTCH'E6N, a contraction of Escutcheon". The orna- 
mental bit of brass plate with a key-hole, over the key- 
hole of a piece of furniture. 
("SCuTE, n. [L. scutum.] 1. A small shield. — Skelton. 2. 

A_ French gold coin of '3s. 4d. sterling. 
S€u'TEL-La-TED, a. [L. scutella.] "Formed like a pan ; 

divided into small surfaces. — Woodward. 
SGU-TI-BRANCHI-ATE, a. A term applied to a molluscous 

animal covered by a shell in the manner of a shield. 
SCU-TI-BRANCHTATE, n. A molluscous animal covered 

by a shell, in the manner of a shield. 
SCu'TI-FORM, a. [L. scutum find form.] Having the form 

of a buckler or shield. 
S€u'TI-PED, n. [L. scutum and pes.] One of a family of 
birds which have the anterior part of the legs covered 
with segments of horny rings, terminating on each side in 
a groove. — Brande. 
SCUTTLE, n. [L. sauella ; Sax. scutel, scuttel] A broad, 
shallow basket ; so called from its resemblance to a dish. 
SGUTTLE, n. [Fr. ecoutille ; Arm. scoutilh ; Sp. escotilla ; 
Sax. scyttel.] 1. In ships, a small hatchway or opening in 
the deck, large enough to admit a man, and with a lid for 
covering it ; also, a like hole in the side or bottom of a 
ship, and through the coverings of her hatchways, &c. 2. 
A square hole in the roof of a house, with a lid. 3. [from 
scud, and properly scuddle.] A quick pace : a short run. 
S€UTTLE, v. i. To run with affected precipitation. 
SCUTTLE, v. t. 1. To cut large holes through the bottom, 
deck, or sides of a ship for any purpose. 2. To sink by 
making holes through the bottom. 
SCUTTLE-BUTT, 1 n. A butt or cask with a large hole in 
SCUT'TLE-CaSK, ) it, used to contain the fresh water for 

daily use in a ship. — Brande. 
SCUTTLE-FISH, n. The cuttle-fish, so called. 
8CUTTL£D, pp. Having holes made in the bottom or 

sides ; sunk by cutting holes in the bottom or side. 
SCUTTLING, ppr. Cutting holes in the bottom or sides ; 

sinking by such holes. 
SCYTHE, n. [Sax. sithe; D.seissen.] 1. An instrument for 
mowing grass, or cutting other grain or vegetables. 2. 
The curved, sharp blade anciently used in war chariots. 
\ SCYTHE, v. i. To mow.— Shak. 
SCtTHED, a. Armed with scythes, as a chariot 
SCyTHE'MAN, n. One who uses a scythe ; a mower. 
3CYTHI-AN (sith'e-an), a. Pertaining to Scythia. 
SC YTH'I-A N, n. A native of Scythia. 
^SDaIN, for disdain. [It. sdegnare.]— Spenser. 
] SDEIN'FUL (sdane'lul), for disdainful.— Spenser. 
SeA (see), n. [Sax. see, secge ; G. sec ; D. zee ; Sw. sio.) 1. 
A large basin, cistern, or laver which Solomon made in 
the temple. 2. A large body of water nearly inclosed by 
land, as the Baltic. 3. The ocean ; the main ; as. to go to 
sea. 4. A wave ; a billow ; a surge. 5. The swell of the 
ocean in a tempest, or the direction of the waves. — 6. Pro- 
verbially, a large quantity of liquor. 7. A rough or agita- 
ted place or element. — Half-seas over, half drunk. — Specta- 
tor ; [a low phrase.] — On the high seas, in the open sea, the 
common highway of nations. 
SEA'-A-NEM'O-NE, n. A popular name of the actinia. 
3eA'-aPE, n. A marine animal which plays tricks like a 

monkey. The name is applied by some to the sea-otter. 
SEA-BAN K, n. i. The sea-shore. — Shak. 2. A bank or 

mole to defend against the sea. 
Se"A'-BaR n. The sea-swallow. — Johnson. 
SfA'-BAT, n. A sort of flying-fish.— Cotgrave. 
SeA'-BITH£D, a. [sea and bathe.] Bathed, dipped, or 
washed in the sea. — Sandys. 



Se A'-BEaR, n. 1. An animal of the bear kind that frequents 
the sea ; the white or polar bear. 2. A name of several 
species of the seal family, as the ursine seal. 

SeA'-BeARD, n. A marine plant, conferva rupesms. 

SeA'-BeAST, n. [sea and beast.] A beast or monstrous an- 
nual of the sea. — Milton. 

SeA'-BeAT, la. [sea and beat.] Beaten by the sea; 

SeA'-BeAT-^JN, 5 lashed by the waves. 

SeA'-BoAT, n. A term applied by seamen to a vessel with 
respect to her qualities in bad weather. — Brande. 

SeA'-BoARD, n. [sea, and Fr. bord.] The sea-shore. 

SeA'-BoARD, adv. Toward the sea. 

SeA'-BoRD, ) a. [sea, and Fr. bord.] Bordering on 

SeA'-BORD'ER-ING, 5 the sea or ocean. 

SeA'-BORN, a. [sea and born.] 1. Born of the sea ; pro- 
duced by the sea. 2. Bora at sea. 

SeA'-BOUND. \a. [sea and bound.] Bounded by the 

SeA'-BOUND-ED, j sea. 

SeA'-BOY, n. A boy employed on shipboard. 

SeA'-BReACH, n. [sea and breach.] Irruption of the sea 
by breaking the banks. — U Estrange. 

SeA'-BReAM, n. A sea-fish of the genus pagellus {sparus, 
Linn.), growing to the length of from 16 to 20 inches, and 
used for food., 

SeA'-BREEZE, n. A wind or current of air blowing from 
the sea upon land. 

SeA'-BUILT (se'-bilt), a. Built for the zea.—Dryden. 

SeA'-CAB'BAgE, n. A name of various plants of the cab- 
bage tribe, as brassica oleracea and crambe maritima. 

SEA'-CILF, n. A marine animal, the common seaL 

SeA'-CAP, n. A cap made to be worn at sea. 

Se A'-C AP-TAIN, n. The captain of a ship.— Shak. 

SeA'-CaRD. n. The mariner's card or compass. 

SeA'-€aRP, n. [sea and carp.] A spotted fish hung among 
rocks and stones. — Johnson. 

SeA'-CHINgE, n. A change wrought by the sea. 

SeA'-CHaRT, n. A chart or map on which the line of the 
shore, isles, shoals, harbors, &c, are delineated. 

SeA'-CiR-CL£D (-sur-kld), a. Surrounded by the sea. 

SeA'-CoAL, n. Coal brought by sea : a vulgar name for 
mineral coal, in distinction from charcoal. — Johnson. 

SeA'-CoAST, n. The shore or border of the land adjacent 
to the sea or ocean. 

Sea'-COB, n. A sea-fowl, called, also, seagull. 

SeA'-CoLE'WoRT, n. Sea-cabbage, which see. 

8eA'-€oM-PASS (-kum-pas), n. [sea and compass.] The 
mariner's card and needle ; the compass constructed for 
jise at sea. 

SeA'-COOT, n. A sea-fowl, fulica marina. 

SeA'-COR'MO-RANT, n. The sea-crow or sea-drake. 

SeA'-COW, 7i. [sea and cow.] 1. The manatee, a cetacean oi 
the genus manatus. [See Manatee and Maxatus.] 2. 
Also, a name sometimes given to the sea-horse, walrus, or 
morse, which see. 

SeA'-CRoW, n. A sea-fowl of the gull kind ; the pewit gull. 

SEA-DEV-7L, n. 1. A large cartilaginous fish of the ray 
family. 2. The fishing-frog or frog-fish. 

SeA'-DOG, n. 1. A fish. 2. The sea-calf or common seal. 

SeA'-DRAG-ON, n. A marine monster, somewhat like an 
juligator. caught in England in 1749. — Gent. Magazine. 

SeA'-eA-GLE. n. A bird of the eagle kind, so named from 
being often found on the sea-coast ; also called tne white- 
tailed or cinereous eagle. — Jardine. 

SeA'-eAR, n. A gastropodous moliusk with a shell resem- 
bling in form the cartilage of the human ear, and remark- 
able for the splendid colors of the interior and a row of 
_small holes through one side. — Haldeman. 

SeA'-EEL, 77. An eel caught in salt-water ; the conger. 

SeA'-EGG, n. A name given to sea-urchins or sea-hedge- 
hogs, when stripped of their spines. — Dana. 

SeA'-EL'E-PHANT, n. An animal of the seal family, found 
in the southern hemisphere ; also called elephant seal. It 
is sometimes 20, 25, or even 30 feet long, with a circum- 
ference of from 15 to 18 feet. The noseof the adult male 
is capable of being elongated into a proboscis of about a 
foot in length. 

SeA'-EN-CiR'CLjED (-surikld), a. [sea and encircled.] En- 
compassed by the sea. — Thomson. 

SeA'-FXR-ER 72. One who follows the seas; a mariner. 

S£A'-FaR-1NG, a. Following the business of a seaman , 
customarily employed in navigation. 

SeA'-FEN-NFL, n. "The same as samphire. 

SeA'-FIGHT (se'-fite), v. An engagement between ships af 
sea ; a naval action. — Bacon. 

SeA'-FISH, 72. Any marine fish. 

SeA'-FOWL, n. [sea and fowl] A marine fowl or bird. 

SeA'-FOX, 72. A species of shark, also called fox-shark 
from the form of its tail, the upper lobe being very lona 
and slightly curved upward. 

SeA'-GagE, n. [sea and gage.] The depth that a ressei 
sinks in the water. — Encyc. 

SeA'-GaR-LAND, 72. [sea and garland.] A plant. 

SeA'-GiR-Be-ES, n. A sort of sea-plant. — Johnson. 



D5VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, V!"CIOUS.~€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsclete 



SEA 



894 



SKA 



3£A'-GiRT (se'-gurt), a. [sea and girt.] Surrounded by the 
water of the sea or ocean. — Milton. 

SeA'-GOD, n. [sea and god.) A marine deity ; as Neptune. 

SeA'-GOWN, n. A gown or garment with short sleeves. 

SeA'-GRaSS, n. A plant growing on the sea-shore. 

SeA'-GREEN, a. [sea and green.] Having the color of sea- 
water ; being of a faint green color.— Locke. 

SeA'-GREEN, n. 1. The color of sea-water. 2. A plant. 

SeA'-GULL, n. [sea and gull] A sea-fowl of the genus 
larus ; a species of gull ; called, also, sea-crow. 

ReA'-HIRE, n. [sea and hare.] A marine gastropodous 
mollusk, having the upper pair of tentacles hollowed like 
the ears of a hare, whence the name. The shell is null or 
incomplete, and internal. The animal secretes an acrid 
humor. 

SeA'-HED(JE'HOG, n. The sea-urchin, which see. 

Se A -HEN, n. A name of the foolish or lesser guillemot. 

SeA'-HOG, n. [sea and hog.] The porpoise, which see. 

SeA'-HOL-LY, ii. A plant of the genus eryngium. 

SeA'-HoLM, n. [sea, and Dan. holm.] 1. A small, uninhab- 
ited isle. 2. Sea-holly. — Carew. 

SeA'-HORSE, ii. 1. The walrus or morse. 2. The hippo- 
potamus, or river-horse. 3. A fish allied to the needle- 
fish or pipe-fish, and having a prehensile tail. 

Se A'-KaLE, n. A name of several plants of the natural or- 
der brassicacece, or cabbage tribe, as the brassica oleracea 
and crambe maritima ; sea-cabbage ; sea-colewort. — Tally. 

SeA'-LaRK, n. 1. A bird of the sandpiper kind ; the purr. 
2. A bird of the dotterel kind ; the ringed dotterel or plover. 

SeA'-LEGS, n. pi. The ability to walk on a ship's deck 
when pitching or rolling.— Mar. Diet. 

SeA'-LEM-ON, n. [sea and lemon.] A marine gastropodous 
mollusk of the genus doris, without a shell, and having an 
pval body. — P. Cyc. 

SeA'-LeOP-ARD (-lep-), n. An animal of the seal family, 
spotted like a leopard ; found near the antarctic circle. — 
Jardine's Nat. Lib. 

SeA'-LET-TER., n. A paper from the custom-house, speci- 
fying the nature and quantity of the cargo on board of 
_ships_on a foreign voyage, their destination, &c. — Bouvicr. 

SeA'-LiKE, a. [sea and like.] Resembling the sea. 

SeA'-LI-ON, n. A name given to various large seals, as the 
sea-elephant ; particularly applied to certain large earless 
seals with manes somewhat like those of the Hon. 

SeA'-MaID, n. 1. The mermaid. 2. A sea-nymph. 

SeA'-MFW ' i n - -^ sea-fowl, a species of gull or larus. 

SeA'-MaRGE, n. The shore or border on the sea. — Shak. 

SeA'-MaRK, n. Any elevated object on land which serves 
for a direction to mariners in entering a harbor, or in sail- 
ing along or approaching a coast ; a beacon. 

Se A'-MEW (-mu). n. A sea-fowl, a species of gull or larus. 

SeA'-MON-STER, n. A huge marine animal. 

SeA'-MOSS, n. A name given to coral. 

SeA'-MOUSE, n. A dorsibranchiate annelid of the genus 
aphrodita of Linnaeus. — P. Cyc. 

SeA'-Na'V£L-WORT, n. An herb of Syria, said to pro- 
duce great cures of diseases. — Johnson. 

SeA'-NEE-DLI^, n. A name of the gar or garfish. 

SeA'-NET-TLE, n. A popular name of certain medusa 
which have the property of stinging when touched. — Dana. 

SeA'-NURSjED (-nurst), a. Nursed by the sea.— J. Barlow. 

SeA'-NYMPH, h. A nymph or goddess of the sea. 

SeA'-6N-10N (-un-yun), n. A plant, squill.— P. Cyc. 

SeA'-OOZE, n. [sea and ooze.] The soft mud on or near 
_the sea-shore. — Mortimer. 

8eA'-OT-TER, ii. A species of otter found in the Northern 
Pacific, and highly valued for its skin, which has a fine, 
^lose fur. 

SeA'-OWL, n. Another name of the lump-fish. 

SEA'-PAD, n. ~he star-fish. 

SeA'-PAN-THER, n. A fish like a lamprey. 

SeA'-PHeAS-ANT (-fez'ant), n. The pin-tail duck. 

SeA'-PiE, \v. A sea-fowl of the genus hamatopus ; also 

SSA'-P^E, ) called the oyster-catcher. 

SeA'-PIE (se'-pi), n. A dish of food consisting of paste and 
jneat boiled together. 

SeA-PIkCE, ii. A picture representing a scene at sea. 

SeA'-PiKE, ii. A sea-fish, allied to the pike, and so named 
from its resemblance to that fish ; commonly called gar- 
fish. — Jardine's Nat. Lib. 

SeA'-PLANT, n. A plant that grows in salt-water. 

SeA'-POOL. n. A lake of salt-water. — Spenser. 

SeA'-PoRT. n. [sea and port.] 1. A harbor near the sea, 
formed by an arm of the sea or by a bay. 2. A city or 
town situated on a harbor, on or near the city. 

SeA'-RE-SEM'BLING, a. Like the sea ; sea-like. 

SeA'-RISK. n. Hazard or risk at sea. 

SeA'-ROB-BER, n. [sea and robber.] A pirate; one who 
robs on the high seas. 

SeA'-RO€K-ET, n. A cruciferous plant of the genus cdkile 
ov bunias, growing on the sea-shore. — London. 

SeA'-ROOM, n. Ample space or distance from land, shoals, 



or rocks for a vessel to encounter and ride out a gale witi 
safety. 

SeA'-RoV-ER, n. 1. A pirate ; one who cruises for pluu 
der. 2. A ship or vessel that is employed in cruising for 
_plunder. 

SeA'-RoV-ING, a. Wandering on the ocean. 

SeA'-RUFF, n. A kind of sea-fish. [L. orphus.] 

SeA'-S€OR'PI-ON, to. A voracious salt-water fish, alUea to 
_the river bullhead, and having the head armed with spinee. 

SeA'-SER-PENT, n. [sea and serpent.] A huge animal like 
a serpent inhabiting the sea. — Guthrie. 

SeA'-SERV-iCE, n. [sea and service.] Naval service ; serv 
ice in the navy or in ships of war. 

SeA'-SHaRK, n. A ravenous sea-fish ; the shark. — Shak. 

SeA'-SHELL, n. [sea and shell.] A marine shell ; a sheli 
_that grows in the sea. — Mortimer. 

SeA'-SHoRE, ii. [sea and shore.] The coast of the sea; the 
land that lies adjacent to the sea or ocean. 

SeA'-SI€K, a. Affected with sickness or nausea by means 
of the pitching or rolling of a vessel. — Swift.- 

SeA'-SIOK-NESS, n. The sickness or nausea occasioned 
by the pitching and rolling of a ship in an agitated sea. 

Se A'-SlDE, n. The land bordering on the sea ; the country 
adjacent to the sea, or near it. — Pope. 

SeA'-STaR, n. [sea and star.] The star-fish. 

SeA'-SUR-6E6N, n. A surgeon employed on shipboard 

SeA'-SUR-ROUND'ED, a. Encompassed by the sea. 

SeA'-SWAL-Lo W, 7i. 1. The common tern, a sea-fowl.— 
P. Cyc. 2. Also, a provincial name of the storm petreL— 
P. Cyc. 

Se A'-TERM, tz. A word or term used appropriately by sea 
men, or peculiar to the art of navigation. 

SeA'-THIeF (se'-theef), n. [sea and thief] A pirate. 

SeA'-ToAD, n. An ugly fish, so called. — Cotgrave. 

SeA'-ToRN, a. [sea and torn.] Torn by or at sea. 

SeA'-TOSS.ED (-tost), a. Tossed by the sea.— Shak. 

SeA'-TRAV'EL-ING, n. Traveling by sea voyages. 

SeA'-U'NI-€ORN, n. A name of the narwhal.— Brande. 

SeA'-UR-CHIN, n. A marine radiate animal, echinus, hav 
jng a shell often set with spines. See, also, Echinus. 

SeA'-WALL£D, a. Surrounded or defended by the sea. 

SeA'-WA-TER, n. [sea and water.] Water of the sea or 
ocean, which is salt. — Bacon. 

SeA'-WEED, 7i. [sea and weed.] A marine plant ; a popu- 
lar name of the marine alga, Sec. 

SeA'-WITH'WIND, n. Bind-weed. 

SeA'-WOLF, n. 1. A large voracious fish of the northern 
seas, also called wolf-fish and cat-fish. 2. The name sea- 
wolf has also been given to a species of seal, the sea-ele- 
phant. — Jardine's Nat. Lib. 

SeA'-WoRMWOOD, 7i. A sort of wormwood.— Lee. 

SeA'-WoRN, a. Worn or abraded by the sea. 

SeA'-W6R-THI-NESS, n. The state of being able to resist 
the ordinary violence of wind and weather ; [applied to a 
ship.] 

SeA'-W6R-THY, a. Fit for a voyage; worthy of being 
trusted to transport a cargo with safety. 

SEAL (seel), n. [Sax. seol, sele, syle ; Sw. sial] The com- 
mon name for the aquatic, carnivorous mammals of the 
family phocidce (genus phoca, Linn.). They have four feet, 
which are peculiarly fitted for swimming. Some have ex- 
ternal ears, while others have none ; and hence M. Peron 
distinguished them as earless or true seals, and eared seals 
or otaries. The common seal is earless, usually from 
three to five or six feet long, covered with short, stitf, 
thick-set hair, and is found in the northern seas, on the 
British and French coasts, &c. Seals abound most on 
sea-coasts and islands in high northern and southern lat- 
itudes, and are highly prized for their skins and oil.— Jar- 
dine's Nat. Lib. 

SeAL (seel), n. [Sax. sigel, sigle ; G. sicgcl ; L. sigillum ; It 
sigillo ; Sp. sigilo.] 1. A piece of metal or other hard 
substance, usually round or elliptical, on which is engraved 
some image or device used for making impressions on 
wax., [See, also, Privy Seal and Great Seal.] 2. The 
wax set to an instrument, and impressed or stamped with 
a seal. 3. The wax or wafer that makes fast a letter or 
other paper. 4. Any act of confirmation. 5. That which 
confirms, ratifies, or makes stable ; assurance. — 2 Tim., ii. 
6. That which effectually shuts, confines, or secures ; that 
which makes fast. — Rev., xx. 

SeAL, v. t. [Sw. besegla, forsegla ; Dan. bescgler, forsegkr ; 
G. siegeln.) 1. To fasten with a seal ; to attach together 
with a wafer or with wax. 2. To set or affix a seal as a 
mark of authenticity. 3. To confirm; to ratify ; to estab- 
lish. 4. To shut or keep close. 5. To make fast. 6. To 
mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard exactness, 
legal size, or merchantable quality. 7. To keep secret. 8 
To mark as one's property, and secure from danger.— 
Cant., iv. 9. To close ; to fulfill ; to complete : with up. 
—Dan., ix. 10. To imprint on the mind.— Job, xxxiii. 11. 
To inclose ; to hide ; to conceal.— Job, xiv. 12. To con- 
fine ; to restrain. Job, xxxvii.— 13. In architecture, to fix 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c.. long.~X, E, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



SEA 



895 



SEA 



h piece of wood or iron in a wall with cement, plaster, or 
other binding for staples, hinges, &c. — Gwilt. 

SV vL, v. i. To fix a seal. — Shak. [Unusual] 

SEALED (seeld), pp. or a. Furnished with a seal ; fastened 
with a seal ; confirmed ; closed. 

SeAL'ER, n. 1. One who seals ; an officer in chancery who 
seals writs and instruments. — 3. In New England, an offi- 
cer to examine and try weights and measures. 

SeAL'ING, ppr. Fixing a seal ; fastening with a seal ; con- 
firming ; closing ; keeping secret. 

SeAL'ING, n. 1. The act of affixing a seal. — 2. In architec- 
ture, the fixing of a piece of wood or iron on a wall with 
plaster or cement, or other binding for staples, hinges, &c. 
—Gwilt. 3. [from seal, the animal.] The operation of tak- 
ing seals and curing their skins. 

SeAL'ING-VOY-AgE, n. A voyage for the purpose of kill- 
ing seals and obtaining their skins. 

SEALING- WAX, n. [seal and wax.] A colored compound 
of lac with some other resin, used for sealing letters, legal 
jlocuments, &c. 

SeAM (seem), n. [Sax. seam; D.zoom; G.saum; Dan. sum.] 

1. The suture or uniting of two edges of cloth by the nee- 
dle. 2. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship's side or 
deck ; or, rather, the interva.s between the edges of boards 
or planks in a floor, &c— 3. In mines, a vein or stratum of 
metal, ore, coal, and the like.— 4. In geology, a thin layer 
which separates strata of greater magnitude. 4. A cica- 
trix or scar. 5. A measure of eight bushels of corn ; or 
the vessel that contains it. 

SeAM, n. [Sax. seim ; W. saim.] Tallow ; grease ; lard. — 

Shak. [Local.] 
SeAM, v. t. 1. To form a seam ; to sew or otherwise unite. 

2. To mark with a cicatrix ; to scar. — Pope. 
SeAM'-RENT, n. [seam and rent.] The rent of a seam; the 

Reparation of a suture. 

SeA'MAN, n. [sea and man.] 1. A sailor; a mariner. — 2. 
By way of distinction, a skillful mariner; also, a man who 
is well versed in the art of navigating ships. 3. Merman, 
_the male of the mermaid. — Locke ; [little used.] 

SeA'MAN, n._ See under Sea. 

SeA'MAN-LiKE, a. Like a skillful seaman. 

SeA'MAN-SHIP, n. The skill of a good seaman ; an ac- 
_quaintance with the art of managing and navigating a ship. 

SEAM.ED, pp. Marked with seams ; having seams. 

SEAMING, ppr. Marking with scars ; making seams. 

SeAM'LESS, a. Having no sfeam. 

SeAM'STER, n. One who sews well, or whose occupation 
is to sew. 

SeAM'STRESS, n. j:h at is, seamsteress ; Sax. seamestre.] A 
woman whose occupation is sewing. 

Se AM'STRESS-Y, n. The business of a seamstress. 

SeAM'Y, a. Having a seam ; containing seams. 

SeAN, n. A net. See Seine. 

SE'aNCE (sa'ans), n. [Fr.] Session, as of some public body. 

SeA'POY, \n. [Pers. sipahi ; Hindoo, sepahai.] A native of 

Se'POY, 5 India in the military service of an European 
power. 

SkAR, v. t. [Sax. searan.] 1. To burn to dryness and hard- 
ness the surface of any thing ; to cauterize ; to expose to 
a degree of heat that changes the color of the surface, or 
makes it hard. 2. To wither ; to dry. 3. To make callous 
or insensible. — To sear up, to close by searing or cauter- 
izing ; to stop. 

SeAR, a. Dry ; withered. — Milton. — Ray. 

8eAR'-€LOTH, n. [Sax. sar-clath.] A cloth to cover a 
sore ; a plaster.— Mortimer. 

SEARCE (sers), v. t. To sift ; to bolt ; to separate the fine 
part of meal from the coarse. — Mortimer. [Little used.] 

SEARCE (sers), n. A sieve ; a bolter. [Little used.] 

SEAR'CER (sers'er), n. One who sifts or bolts. [Rare.] 

SEARCH (serch), v. t. [Fr. chercher ; It. cercare.] 1. To 
look over or through for the purpose of finding some- 
thing ; to make examination by inspection. 2. To make 
the object of examination or inquiry. 3. To probe ; to 
seek the knowledge of by feeling with an instrument. 4. 
To try or put to the test. Ps. cxxxix. — To search out, to 
seek till found, or to find by seeking. — Syn. To explore ; 
examine ; scrutinize ; seek ; investigate ; pry into ; in- 
quire. 

SEARCH (serch), v. i. 1. To seek ; to look for ; to make 
search. 2. To make inquiry; to inquire. — To search for, 
to look for ; to seek ; to try to find. 

SEARCH (serch), r>. 1. A seeking or looking for something 
that is lost, or the place of which is unknown. 2. A seek- 
ing ; as, in search of wisdom. 3. Pursuit for finding ; as, 
"my search of liberty." Dryden. — Right of search, in naval 
affairs, the right claimed by one nation to authorize 'the 
commanders of their ships to enter vessels of other na- 
tions and examine their papers and cargo, to ascertain the 
character of the vessels, and the destination of their car- 
goes. — Syn. Scrutiny ; examination ; exploration ; inves- 
tigation ; research : inquiry ; quest ; pursuit. 

SEARCH- WAR-RANT, n. In law, a warrant issued by a 



justice of the peace, authorizing persons to searcn houst 
or other places for stolen goods. 

SEARCH' A-BLE (serch'a-bl), a. That may be searched o 
explored. — Cotgrave. 

SEARCH'A-BLE-NESS (serch'a-bl-nes), n. The state ol 
•being searchable. 

SEARCHED (sercht), pp. Looked over carefully ; explored 
examined. 

SeARCH'ER (serch'er), n. 1. One who searches, exploref 
or examines for the purpose of finding something. 2. ; 
seeker ; an inquirer. 3. An examiner ; a trier. 4. An ol 
ficer in London, appointed to examine the bodies of th< 
dead and report the cause of their death. 6. An h spectoi 
of leather. — 7. In military affairs, an instrument for exam- 
ining ordnance, to ascertain whether guns have any cavi 
ties in them. 8. An instrument used in the inspection oi 
butter, &c, to ascertain the quality of that which is con- 
tained in firkins ; [Mass. ; local.] 

SEARCHING (serch'ing), ppr. 1. Looking into or over ; ex 
ploring ; examining; inquiring; seeking^ investigating. 2 
a. Penetrating ; trying ; close. 

SEARCHING (serch'ing), n. Examination ; severe inqui 
sition. — Judges, v. 

SeARCH'ING-LY (serch-), adv. In a searching manner. 

SeARCH'ING-NESS (serch'ing-nes), n. The quality of se 
vere inquiry or examination. 

SEARCH'LESS (serch'les), a. Inscrutable ; eluding search 
or investigation. 

SeAR£D, pp. or a. Burned on the surface ; cauterized , 
hardened. 

SeAR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being seared, cauterized 
or hardened ; hardness ; insensibility. 

SeA'SON (se'zn), n. [Fr. saison.] 1. A fit or suitable time , 
the convenient time ; the usual or appointed time. 2. 
Any time, as distinguished from others. 3. A time of some 
continuance, but not long. 4. One of the four divisions of 
the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter. — To be in sea- 
son, to be in good time ; sufficiently early. — To be out of 
season, to be too late, beyond the proper time. 5. That 
which matures or prepares for the taste ; that which gives 
a relish. 

SeA'SON (se'zn), v. t. [Fr. assaisonner ; Sp., Port, sazonar.] 
1. To render palatable, or to give a higher relish to, by the 
addition or mixture of another substance more pungent 
or pleasant. 2. To render more agreeable, pleasant, or 
delightful ; to give a relish or zest to by something that 
excites, animates, or exhilarates. 3. To render more 
agreeable, or less rigorous and severe ; to temper ; to mod- 
erate ; to qualify by admixture. 4. To imbue ; to tinge or 
taint. 5. To fit for any use by time or habit ; to mature ; 
to prepare. 6. To prepare for use by drying or hardening ; 
to take out or suffer to escape the natural juices. 7. To 
prepare or mature for a climate ; to accustom to and en- 
able to endure. 

SeA'SON (se'zn), v. i. 1. To become mature ; to grow fit 
for use ; to become adapted to a climate, as the human 
body. 2. To become dry and hard by the escape of the 
natural juices, or by being penetrated with other substance. 
3. To betoken ; to savor ; [obs.] 

SeA'SON-A-BLE (se'zn-), a. That comes, happens, or is 
done in good time, in due season, or in proper time for 
tiie purpose. — Syn. Opportune ; timely ; fit ; convenient 

Se A'S ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. Opportuneness of time ; the state 
of being in good time, or in time convenient for the pur- 
pose, or sufficiently early. 

SeA'SON-A-BLY, adv. In due time; in time convenient. 
sufficiently early. 

t SeA'SON-AgE, n. Seasoning; sauce. — South. 

SeA'SON-AL, a. Pertaining to the seasons.— Partington 

SeA'SON£D (se'znd), pp. or a. Mixed or sprinkled with 
something that gives a relish ; tempered ; moderated ; 
qualified ; matured ; dried and hardened. 

SeA'SON-ER (se'zn-), n. He who seasons ; that which sea- 
sons, matures, or gives a relish. 

SeA'SON-ING, ppr. Giving a relish by something added; 
moderating ; qualifying ; maturing ; drying and harden- 
big ; fitting by habit. 

SeA'SON-ING, n. 1. That which is added to any species of 
food to give it a higher relish. 2. Something added or 
mixed to enhance the pleasure of enjoyment. 

Se A'S ON-LESS, a. Without succession of the seasons. 

SEAT, 72. [It. scdia ; Sp. sede, sitio ; L. sedes, situs.] 1. That 
on which one sits ; a chair, bench, stool, or any other thing 
on which a person sits. 2. The place of sitting ; throne . 
chair of state ; tribunal ; post of authority. 3. Mansion . 
residence ; dwelling ; abode. 1. Site ; situation. 5. Thai 
part of a saddle on which a person sits. — 6. In horseman- 
ship, the posture or situation of a person on horseback. 
7. A pew or slip in a church ; a place to sit in. 8. The 
place where a thing is settled or established. 

SeAT, v. t. 1. To place on a seat ; to cause to sit down. y. 
To place in a post of authority, in office, or a place of dis- 
tinction. 3. To settle ; to fix in a particular place or ccun- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SEC 



896 



SEC 



a-j . 4. To fix ; to set firm. 5. To placo in a church ; to 
assign seats to. 6. To appropriate the pews in to particu- 
lar families. 7. To repair by making the seat new. 8. To 
settle ; to plant with inhabitants. — Stilh, Virg. 

i SfAT, v. i. To rest ; to lie down. — Spe?iser. 

SeAT'ED, pp. Placed in a chair or on a bench, &c. ; set ; 
fixed ; settled ; established ; furnished with a seat. 

SEATING, ppr. Placing on a seat; setting; settling; fur- 
nishing with a seat ; having its seat3 assigned to individu- 
als, as a church. 

SeAVES, n. pi. [Sw. s a f; Dan. siv.] Rushes. [Local] 

SkAV'Y, a. Overgrown with rushes. [Local] 

SkA'WARD, a. Directed toward the sea. — Donne. 

SkA'WARD, adv. Toward the sea. — Drayton. 

■HE-Ba'CEOUS (-shus), a. [Low L. sebaceus.] Made of tal- 
low or fat ; pertaining to fat. 

SE-BAC'ie (-bas'ik), a. In chemistry, pertaining to, or de- 
rived from fat ; as, sebacic acid. 

SET3ATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by the sebacic acid 
and a base. — Hooper. 

SE-BES'TEN, n. A tropical tree and its fruit of the genus 
cordia, called sebesten plum. — P. Cyc. 

SEB'UN-DY, In. In India, an irregular native soldier, 

SEB-UN-DEE', ) employed chiefly on revenue and police 
service. — Malcorn. 

SE-Ga'LE, n. [L.] The ergot of rye.— Brando. 

Se'CANT, a. [L. secans.] Cutting ; dividing into two parts. 

SE'-GANT. n. [It., Fr., Sp. sccante.] 1. In geometry, a line 
that cuts another, or divides it into parts. — 2. In trigonom- 
etry, the secant of an arc is a right line drawn from the 
center through one end of the arc, and terminated by a 
tangent drawn through the other end. 

SE-CeDE', v. i. [L. scccdo.] To withdraw from fellowship, 
communion, or association ; to separate one's self. 

SE-CeD'ER n. One who secedes. — In Scotland, the Seced- 
ers are a numerous body of Presbyterians who seceded 
from the Established Church about A.D. 1733. 

SE-CeD'ING, ppr. or a. Withdrawing from fellowship. 

SE-CERN', v. t. [L. secerno.] In the animal economy, to se- 
crete. 

SE-CERNED' (se-sernd'). pp. Separated ; secreted. 

SE-CERN'ENT, n. That which promotes secretion; that 
which increases the motions, which constitute secretion. 

SE-CERNTNG, ppr. Separating ; seci-eting. 

SE-CERN'MENT, n. The process or act of secreting.— 
Kirby. 

f SE-CESS', n. [L. secessus.] Retirement ; retreat. 

SE-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. [L. seccssio.] 1. The act of 
withdrawing, particularly from fellowship and communion. 
2. The act of departing ; departure. — Secession church, in 
Scotland. See Secedek. 

Se'CHI-UM, n. A South American vegetable. The fruit in 
size and form resembles a large bell-pear, and is eaten like 
the squash. — Farm. Encyc. 

fSE'CLE (se'kl), n. [Fr. siecle; L. seculum.] A century. 

SE-GLtJDE', v. t. [L. secludo.] 1. To separate, as from com- 
pany or society, and, usually, to keep apart for some length 
of time, or to confine in a separate state. 2. To shut out ; 
to prevent from entering ; to preclude. 

SE-€LuDED, pp. or a. Separated from others ; living in 
retirement ; shut out. 

3E-€LuD'ED-LY, adv. In a secluded manner. 

SE-€LuD'ING, ppr. Separating from others ; confining in 
solitude or in a separate state ; preventing entrance. 

8E-€LuSE'NESS, n. The state of being secluded from so- 
ciety. 

SE-€LfJ'SION (-zhun), n. The act of separating from so- 
ciety or connection ; the state of being separate or apart ; 
a shutting out. — Syn. Separation ; withdrawment ; retire- 
ment; privacy. 

SE-€Lu'SlVE, a. That secludes or sequesters ; that keeps 
separate or in retirement 

SECOND, a. [Fr. ; L. secundus ; It. secondo:] 1. That im- 
mediately follows the first ; the next following the first in 
order of place or time ; the ordinal of two. 2. Next in 
value, power, excellence, dignity, or rank ; inferior. 

SECOND, n. 1. One who attends another in a duel, to aid 
him, and see that all proceedings between the parties are 
fair. 2. One who supports or maintains another ; that 
which supports. 3. The sixtieth part of a minute of time 
or of a degree. — 4. In music, a species of interval, being the 
difference between any sound and the next nearest. 

SECOND, v. t. [L. secundo ; Fr. seconder; It. secondare.] 1. 
To follow in the next place. 2. To support ; to lend aid 
to the attempt of another ; to assist ; to forward ; to pro- 
mote ; to encourage ; to act as the maintainer. — 3. In de- 
liberative assemblies, to unite with a person, or act as his sec- 
ond, in proposing some measure ; as, to second a resolu- 
tion. 

SE€'OND-G6US'7N (-kuz'n), n. The name given to the 

children of cousins. 
SECOND-HAND, n. Possession received from the first 
■Johnson. 



Set. Synopsis. A, E. I, &c. long.— a, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 



SECOND-HAND, a. 1. Not original or primary ; received 
from another. — Locke. . 2. Not new ; that has been used 
by another. 

SECOND-RaTE, n. [second and rate.] The second order 
in size, dignity, or value.— Addison. 

SECOND -RaTE, a. Of the second size, rank, quality, or 
value. — Dryden. 

SECOND-SIGHT (-site), n. The power of seeing things 
future or distant ; a power claimed by some of the High- 
landers in Scotland. — Addison. 

SECOND-SIGHT-ED (-sit-ed), a. Having the power oi 
second-sight. 

SECOND-A-RI-LY, adv. In the second degree or second 
order ; not primarily or originally ; not in the first inter 
tion. 

SECOND-A-RI-NESS, n. The state of being secondary. 

SECOND-A-RY, a. [L. secundarius.] 1. Succeeding next 
in order to the first ; coming after the first. 2. Not prima- 
ry ; not of the first- intention. 3. Not of the first order or 
rate ; revolving about a primary planet ; as, a secondary 
planet or satellite. 4. Acting by deputation or delegated 
authority. 5. Acting in subordination, or as second to an- 
other. — Secondary fever, one which arises after a crisis, or 
a critical effort, as after the declension of the small-pox, 
&c. Quincy. — Secondary circles, secondary quills ; [set 
Secondary, n.]— Secondary rocks or strata, in geology, 
those which lie above the primary and below the tertiary. 
They usually abound in organic remains. — Secondary for 
mation, that which includes the secondary strata. — Syn. 
Second ; second-rate ; subordinate ; inferior. 

SECOND-A-RY, n. 1. A delegate or deputy ; one who acts 
in subordination to another. Encyc. — 2. In astronomy, a 
great circle of the sphere passing through the poles of an- 
other great circle, perpendicular to its plane ; as, seconda- 
ries to the ecliptic. — Brande. 3. A quill or large feather 
growing on the second bone of a bird's wing. — Brande. 

SECOND-ED, pp. Supported; aided. 

SECOND-ER, n. One who supports what another attempts, 
or what he affirms, or what he moves or proposes. 

SECOND-ING, ppr. Supporting; aiding. 

SECOND-LY, adv. In the second place. — Bacon. 

SE-GOK'DO. [It.] In music, the second part. 

Se'€RE-CY, n. 1. Properly, a state of separation ; hence, 
concealment from the observation of others, or from the 
notice of any persons not concerned ; privacy ; a state of 
being hid from view. 2. Solitude ; retirement ; seclusion 
from the view of others. 3. Forbearance of disclosure or 
discovery. 4. Fidelity to a secret; the act or habit of 
keeping 6ecrets. 

Se'CRET, a. [Fr. secret ; It., Sp., Port, secreto ; L. secrctus.] 
1. Properly, separate ; hence, removed or kept apart from 
the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individ- 
ual or individuals concerned. 2. Being in retirement, se- 
clusion, or privacy ; as, one dwells secret. — Fenton. 3. 
Removed from sight ; as, a secret place. 4. Keeping se- 
crets ; faithful to secrets intrusted ; [unusual] 5. Afford- 
ing privacy ; as, the secret top of Sinai. — Milton. 6. Not 
seen ; not apparent. 7. Known to God only. 8. Not prop- 
er to be seen ; kept or such as ought to be kept from ob- 
servation. — Syn. Hidden ; concealed ; secluded ; retired ; 
unseen ; unknown ; private ; obscure ; recondite ; latent; 
covert ; clandestine ; privy. 

Se'CRET, n. [Fr. ; L. secretum.] 1. Something studiously 
concealed. 2. A thing not discovered, and therefore un- 
known. — 3. Secrets, pi., the parts which modesty and pro- 
priety require to be concealed. — In secret, in a private 
place ; in privacy or secrecy. 

t Se'CRET, v. t. To keep private.— Bacon. 

SE€-RE-Ta'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a secretary. — Brit. Spy. 

SECRE-TA-RI-SHIP, n. The office of a secretary. 

SECRE-TA-RY, n. [Fr. secretaire ; Sp., It. secretario.] 1. A 
person employed by a public body, by a company, or by 
an individual, to write orders, letters, dispatches, public or 
private papers, records, and the like. 2. An officer whos? 
business is to superintend and manage the affairs of a par 
ticular department of government. 

SECRE-TA-RY-SHIP, n. The office or employment of a 
secretary. 

SE-CReTE', v. t. 1. To hide ; to conceal ; to remove from 
observation or the knowledge of others. 2. To secrete 
one's self; to retire from notice into a private place ; to 
abscond.— 3. In the animal economy, to secern ; to produce 
from the blood substances different from the blood itself, 
or from any of its constituents, as by the action of the 
glands. — 4. In vegetable physiology, to separate substance? 
from the sap. 

SE-€ReT'ED, pp. or a. Concealed ; secerned. 

SE-€ReT'ING, ppr. Hiding; secerning. 

SE-€ReTION (-shun), n. 1. The act of secerning ; the act 
or process of producing from the blood substances differ- 
ent from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents, 
as bile, saliva, mucus, urine, &c— 2. In vegetables.^ the cor- 
responding process of separating substances from the 
PREY ;— MARlNE~EtRD7— M5VE, BOOK" 



SEC 



897 



SED 



6ap. 3. The matter secreted, as mucus, perspirable mat- 
ter, &c. 
Se'€RET-IST, n. A dealer in secrets.— Boyle. 

SE-€RE-Tt"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Parted by animal secretion. 

SE-€Re'TIVE-NESS. n. Among phrenologists, the organ 
jwhich induces secrecy or concealment. — Brande. 

Se'€RET-LY, adv. 1. Privately ; privily ; not openly ; with- 
out the knowledge of others. 2. Inwardly ; not apparent- 
ly or visibly ; latently. 

Se'€RET-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hid or concealed. 

2. The quality of keeping a secret. — Donne. 
"Se'€RE-TO-RY, a. Performing the office of secretion. 
SE€T, n. [Fr. secte; It. setta ; L., Sp. secta.] 1. A body or 

number of persons united in tenets, chiefly in philosophy 
or religion, but constituting a distinct party by holding 
sentiments different from those of other men ; a denom- 
ination. 2. A denomination which dissents from an es- 
tablished church. 3. A cutting or cion ; [obs.] 

SE€T-a'RI-AN, a. [L. sectarius.] Pertaining to a sect ; pe- 
culiar to a sect or to sects. 

SE€T-A'RI-AN, n. One of a sect ; one of a party in religion 
which has separated itself from the established church, or 
which holds tenets different from those of the prevailing 
denomination in a kingdom or state. 

SE€T-A'RI-AN-ISM, n. The disposition to dissent from the 
established church or predominant religion, and to form 
new sects. 

SE€T-A'RI-AN-lZE, v. t. To imbue with sectarian feelings. 

SE€TA-RISM, n. Sectarianism. [Little used.] 

SE€TA-RIST, n. A sectary.— Warton. [Not much used.] 

SE€T'A-RY, n. [Fr. sectaire.] 1. A person who separates 
from an established church or from the prevailing denom- 
ination of Christians ; one who belongs to a sect ; a dis- 
senter. 2. A follower ; a pupil ; [obs.] 

f SE€T-A'TOR, n. [Fr. sectatcur.] A follower ; a disciple ; 
an adherent to a sect. — Raleigh. 

SECTILE, a. [L. sectilis.] Capable of being cut in slices 
with a knife. — In mineralogy, applied to minerals, when, 
on being cut with a knife, the separated particles do not 
fly away, but remain on the mass. — Dana. 

SECTION, n. [Fr. ; L. sectio.] 1. The act of cutting or of 
separating by cutting. 2. A part separated from the rest; 
a division. — 3. In books and writings, a distinct part or 
portion ; the subdivision of a chapter ; the division of a 
law or other writing or instrument. 4. A distinct part of 
a city, town, country, or people.— 5. In geometry, the inter- 
section of two superficies or of a superficies and a solid. 
6. The representation of an object, as a building, machine, 
&c, cut asunder vertically, so as to show the interior or 
profile. — Glossary of Ar chit. — 8. In the public lands of the 
United States, a tract of 640 acres. 

SE-G'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a section or distinct part 
of a larger body or territory. 

SECTION-AL-LY, adv. In a sectional manner. 

SECTOR, 7i. [Fr. secteur.] 1. In geometry, a part of a circle 
comprehended between two radii and the included arc ; 
or a mixed triangle, formed by two radii and the arc of a 
circle.— The sector of a sphere is the solid generated by the 
revolution of the sector of a circle about one of its radii. — 
Hutton. 2. A mathematical instrument so marked with 
lines of sines, tangents, secants, chords, &c, as to fit all 
radii and scales, and useful in finding the proportion be- 
tween quantities of the same kind. — 3. In astronomy, an 
instrument for measuring zenith distances.— Brande. [See 
Zenith Sector.] — Dip-sector, an instrument used for 
measuring the dip of the horizon. — Olmsted. 

SE-G'U-LAR, a. [Fr. seculaire ; It. secolare ; Sp. secular ; L. 
secularis.] 1. Pertaining to this present world, or to things 
not spiritual or holy ; relating to things not immediately 
or primarily respecting the soul, but the body ; worldly ; 
temporal. — 2. Among Roman Catholics, not regular; not 
bound by monastic vows or rules ; not confined to a mon- 
astery, or subject to the rules of a religious community. 

3. Coming or observed once in a century.— Secular equa- 
tion, in astronomy, the numerical expression of the magni- 
tude and period of a secular inequality.— Secular inequality, 
a deviation from the mean motion or mean orbit of a ce- 
lestial body, which proceeds so slowly as to become sensi- 
ble only after the lapse of centuries. Brande.— Secular re- 
frigeration, in geology, the periodical cooling and conse- 
quent consolidation of the crust of the globe. — Brande. 

8ECU-LAR, n. A church officer or officiate whose func- 
tions are confined to the vocal department of the choir. 

SE€-tJ-LAR'I-TY, n. Worldliness ; supreme attention to 
the things of the present life. — Buchanan. 

gE€-U-LAR-I-ZA'TION, n. 1. The act of converting a reg- 
ular person, place, or benefice into a secular one. — 2. In 
politics, the appropriation of church property to secular 
or common uses ; also, transferring the civil jurisdiction 
of a district or country from ecclesiastics to laymen. 

BE€'U-LAR-lZE, v. t. [Fr seculariser.] 1. To convert that 
which is regular or monastic into secular, as a church or 
abbey. 2. To convert from spiritual appropriation to sec- 



ular or common use. 3. To transfer the civil government 
of a bishopric or country from a prince-bishop to a layman. 
— Murdock._ 4. To make worldly or unspiritual. 

SEC'U-L AR-lZ£D, pp. Converted from regular to seculai , 
or from ecclesiastical to laical, or to worldly uses. 

SECU-LAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Converting from regular or mo- 
nastic to secular, or from ecclesiastical to laical, or to 
worldly uses. 

SEC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In a worldly manner. 

SECU-LAR-NESS, n. A secular disposition ; worldliness. 

Se'CUND, a. In botany, arranged on one side only ; uni 

SEC-UN-Di'TION, n. Prosperity. [Not used.] 

SE€'UN-DlNE, n. [Fr. secondines.] 1. In botany, the sec- 
ond coat or integument of sin ovule, reckoning the outer 
as the first. Lindley. — 2. Secundines, in the plural, as gen- 
erally used, are the several coats or membranes in which 
the fetus is wrapped in the womb ; the after-birth. 

SE-eUN'DUM aR'TEM. [L.] According to art or pro 
fessional rule ; skillfully. 

SE-CuRE', a. [L. securus ; It. sicuro ; Sp. seguro.] 1. Free 
from danger of being taken by an enemy ; that may resist 
assault or attack. 2. Free from danger ; [applied to per- 
sons.] 3. Free from fear or apprehension of danger ; not 
alarmed; not disturbed by fear; having confidence of 
safety ; hence, without care of the means of defense. 4. 
Not distrustful ; having confidence ; as, " secure of soul." 
— Dryden. 5. Wanting caution. 6. Having certainty or 
entire confidence ; as, to be secure of a hearty welcome. 
— Syn. Safe ; undisturbed ; easy ; sure ; certain ; assured ; 
confident; careless; heedless; inattentive. 

SE-CORE', v. t. 1. To guard effectually from danger; to 
make safe. 2. To make certain ; to put beyond hazard. 
3. To inclose or confine effectually ; to guard effectually 
from escape ; sometimes, to seize and confine. 4. To 
make certain of payment. 5. To make certain of receiv- 
ing a precarious debt by giving bond, bail, surety, or oth- 
erwise. 6. To insure, as property. 7. To make fast. 

SE-CuR-ED' (se-kurd'), pp. Effectually guarded or protect- 
ed ; made certain ; put beyond hazard ; effectually con- 
fined ; made fast. 

SE-CuRE'LY, adv. 1. Without danger; safely. 2. With- 
out fear or apprehension ; carelessly ; in an unguarded 
state ; in confidence of safety. 

f SE-€uRE'MENT, n. Security; protection.— Broicn. 

SE-€uRE'NESS, n. Confidence of safety ; exemption from 
fear ; hence, want of vigilance or caution. 

SE-€uR'ER, n. He or that which secures or protects. 

SE-Cu'RI-FOR.M, a. [L. securis and form.] In botany, hev- 
ing tfie form of an ax or hatchet. — Lee. 

SE-CU'RI-TY, n. [Fr. securite ; L. s ecuritas.] 1. A guarding 
or keeping safe ; the state of being protected or kept safe 
from danger of any kind. 2. That which protects of 
guards from danger, or insures safety ; as,' a security 
against attack or for peace. 3. Freedom from fear or ap- 
prehension ; a being confident of safety ; whence, negli* 
gence in providing means of defense. 4. Any thing given 
or deposited to secure the payment of a debt, or the per- 
formance of a contract. 5. Something given or clone to 
secure peace or good behavior. — Syn. Protection; de- 
fense ; guard ; shelter ; safety ; certainty ; ease ; assur- 
ance ; carelessness ; confidence ; surety ; pledge. 

SE-DAN', n. [Fr.] A portable chair or covered veliicle for 
carrying a single person. — Dryden. 

SE-DaTE'.c [L. scdatus.] Free from agitation, disturbance, 
or passion. — Syn. Settled ; composed ; calm ; quiet ; tran- 
quil ; still ; serene ; unruffled ; undisturbed ; contempla- 
tivej sober; serious. 

SE-DaTE'LY, adv. Calmly ; without agitation of mind. 

SE-DaTE'NESS, n. Calmness of mind, manner, or counte- 
nance ; freedom from agitation ; a settled state ; compo- 
sure ; serenity ; tranquillity. 

t SE-Da'TION, n. The act of calming.— Coles. 

SED'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. sedatif] In medicine, moderating ; al- 
laying irritability ; diminishing irritative activity ; assuag 
ing pain. 

SED'A-TlVE, n. A medicine which allays irritability and 
irritation, and irritative activity, and which assuages pain. 

SE DE-FEN-DEN' DO. [L.] In self-defense ; applied to » 
6pecies of justifiable homicide. 

Se'DENT, a. Sitting ; inactive ; quiet 

SED'EN-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a sedentary manner. 

SED'EN-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being sedentary. 

SED'EN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. sedentaire : It., Sp. sedeniario ; L 
sedentarius.] 1. Accustomed to sit much, or to pass most 
of the time in a sitting posture. 2. Requiring much sit- 
ting. 3. Passed for the most part in sitting. 4. Inactive ; 
motionless ; sluggish. 

SED'EN-TA-RY, n. A tribe of spiders which rest motion 
less, until their prey is entangled in their web, is called 
sedentaries. 

SEDGE (sej), n. [Sax. secg.] A species of very coarse grasa 
growing in swamps. — In Connecticut, sedge, without any 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— ANGER, VI"CICUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 
L x L 



SEE 



898 



SEE 



. epithet, is applied to the spartina glabra of Mechlenberg. 
It is also vaguely applied to all the species of the genus 
spartina, and loosely to any coarse marsh grass. — Tally. 

SEDGE'-BiRD, > ti. A small European singing bird, 

SEDGE'-WAR-BLER, $ which often builds its nest among 
reeds or tall aquatic plants. — Jardine. 

SEDG.ED, a. Composed of flags or sedge. — Skak. 

SEDG'Y, a. Overgrown with sedge. — Shak. 

SED'I-MENT, to. [Fr. ; L. sedimentum.] The matter which 
subsides to the bottom of liquor ; settlings ; lees ; dregs. 

SED-I-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to sediment ; formed by 
sediment ; consisting of matter that has subsided. — Sedi- 
mentary rocks are those formed by materials deposited 
from a state of suspension in water. 

SE-Dl"TION (se-dish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. seditio.] A factious 
commotion of the people, or a tumultuous assembly of 
men rising in opposition to law or the administration of 
justice, and in disturbance of the public peace. — Sedition 
is a rising or commotion of less extent than an insurrection, 
and both are less than rebellion ; but some kinds of sedi- 
tion, in Great Britain, amount to high treason. — In gener- 
al, sedition is a local or limited insurrection in opposition 
to civil authority, as mutiny is to military. — Syn. Tumult ; 
uproar; riot; insurrection; rebellion; revolt. 

SE-Di"TION-A-RY, n. An inciter or promoter of sedition. 

SE-DI"TIOUS (se-dish'us), a. [Fr. seditieux; L. seditiosus.] 

1. Pertaining to sedition ; partaking of the nature of sedi- 
tion. 2. Tending to excite sedition ; as, seditious words. 
3. Disposed to excite violent or irregular opposition to 
law or lawful authority ; guilty of sedition. — Syn. Fac- 
tious; tumultuous; turbulent; riotous; mutinous; re- 
bellious. 

SE-Di"TIOUS-LY, adv. With tumultuous opposition to 
law ; in a manner to violate the public peace. 

SE-Di"TIOUS-NESS, n. The disposition to excite popular 
commotion in opposition to law ; or the act of exciting 
such commotion. 

SED'LITZ WATER. See Seidlitz Water. 

SE-DuCE', v. t. [L. seduco; Fr. seduire; It. sedurre; Sp. se- 
ducir.] 1. To draw aside from the path of rectitude and 
duty in any manner, by flattery, promises, bribes, or oth- 
erwise ; to present temptations and lead to iniquity. 2. 
To present temptations and lead to a surrender of chasti- 
ty. — Syn. To entice ; tempt ; allure ; attract ; mislead ; de- 
coy ; inveigle. 

SE-DuC£D' (se-dustf), pp. Drawn or enticed from virtue ; 
corrupted; depraved. 

SE-DuCE'MENT, to. 1. The act of seducing ; seduction. 

2. The means employed to seduce ; the arts of flattery, 
falsehood, and deception. — Pope. 

SE-DuC'ER, to. 1. One who seduces ; one who entices an- 
other to depart from the path of rectitude and duty ; one 
who persuades a female to surrender her chastity. 2. 
That which leads astray ; that which entices to evil. 

SE-DO'CI-BLE, a. Capable of being drawn aside from the 
path of rectitude ; corruptible. — Brown. 

SE-D€rCTNG, ppr. or a. Enticing from the path of virtue 
or chastity. 

SE-DiJCiNG-LY, adv. In a seducing manner. 

SE-DUCTION, to. [Fr. ; L. seductio.] 1. The act of sedu- 
cing, or of enticing from the path of duty. — 2. Appropriate- 
ly, the act or crime of persuading a female, by flattery or 
deception, to surrender her chastity. 

SE-DU€TxVE, a. Tending to lead astray ; apt to mislead 
by flattering appearances. — Stephens. 

SE-DU€'TlVE-LY, adv. In a seductive manner. 

SE-DU'LI-TY, to. [L. sedulitas; It. sedulita.] Diligent and 
assiduous application to business ; constant attention ; un- 
remitting industry in any pursuit. It denotes constancy 
and perseverance, rather than intenseness of application. 

SED'tJ-LOUS, a. [L. sedulus.] Characterized by assiduity 
and diligence in application or pursuit ; constant, steady, 
and persevering in business or in endeavors to effect an 
object.— Syn. Assiduous ; diligent ; industrious ; labori- 
ous; unremitted. 

SED'U-LOUS-LY, adv. Assiduously; industriously; dili- 
gently ; with constant or continued application. 

SED'U-LOUS-NESS, to. Assiduity ; assiduousness ; steady 
diligence ; continued industry or effort. 

SEE, n. [Fr. siege; Scot, sege.] 1. The seat of episcopal 
power ; a diocese ; the jurisdiction of a bishop. 2. The 
seat of an archbishop ; a province or jurisdiction of an 
archbishop. 3. The seat, place, or office of the pope or 
Roman pontiff. 4. The authority of the pope or court of 
Rome. 

SEE, v. t. ; pret. saw ; pp. seen. [Sax. seon. seogan, geseon ; 
G. sehen ; D. zien ; Dan. seer ; Sw. se.] 1. To perceive by 
the eye ; to have knowledge of the existence and apparent 
qualities of objects by the organs of sight ; to behold ; to 
view. 2. To observe ; .to note or notice ; to know ; to at- 
-tend, regard, or look to ; to take care. 3. To discover ; 
.to descry ; to understand. 4. To converse or have inter- 
course with ; as, to see the world. 5. To visit ; as, to go 



to see friends. 6. To attend ; to remark or notice ; as, lo 
see one out in his argument. — Addison. 7. To heboid with 
patience or sufferance; to endure. Ezra, iv., 14. — 8. In 
Scripture, to hear or attend to. 9. To feel ; to sutler ; to 
experience ; as, to see death. 10. To know ; to learn. 11. 
To perceive ; to understand ; to comprehend. 12. To 
perceive ; to understand experimentally. 13. To beware. 
— Rev., xix., 10. 14. To know by revelation. — 7s., ii., 1. 
15. To have faith in and reliance on. 16. To enjoy ; to 
have fruition of. 
SEE, v. i. 1. To have the power of perceiving by the prop- 
er organs, or the power of sight. 2. To discern ; to have 
intellectual sight ; to penetrate ; to understand. 3. To 
look, examine, or inquire. 4. To be attentive. — Skak. 5 
To have full understanding. — See to it, look well to it ; at> 
tend ; consider ; take care. — Let me see, let us see, are used 
to express consideration, or to introduce the particular 
consideration of a subject. 
SEE'-SAW, n. 1. A -vibratory or reciprocating motion. 2. 
A play among children, in which they sit on each end of a 
board, and move alternately up and down ; a board ad- 
justed for this purpose. — Halliwell. 3. A term in whist for 
a certain mutual action of partners in support of each oth- 
er. — Hoyle. 
SEE'-SAW, v. i. To move with a reciprocating motion ; to 

move backward and forward, or upward and downward. 
SEED, n. [Sax. seed ; G. saat ; D. zaad ; Dan. seed.] 1. The 
substance, animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for 
the reproduction, and conservation of the species. 2. That 
from which any thing springs ; first principle ; original. 
3. Principle of production. 4. Progeny ; offspring ; chil 
dren ; descendants. 5. Race ; generation ; birth. 
SEED, v. i. 1. To grow to maturity, so as to produce seed. 

— Swift. 2. To shed the seed. — Mortimer. 
SEED, v. t. To sow ; to sprinkle with seed, which germin 

ates and takes l'oot. — Belknap. 
SEED'-BUD, n. [seed and bud.] The germ, germen, or ru 

diment of the fruit in embryo. 
SEED'-CaKE, to. [seed and cake.] A sweet cake containing 

aromatic seeds. — Tusser. 
SEED'-€oAT, n. In botany, the aril of a seed. 
SEED'-€ORN, ) . , , 

SEED-GRAIN \ n ' Corn or gram tor seed. 
SEED'-DOWN, n. The down on vegetable seeds.— Smith 
SEED'-FIeLD, n. A field for raising seed.— Carlisle. 
SEED'-LAC, n. The resin lac dried, after most of the col- 
oring matter has been dissolved out by water.— Ure. 
SEED'-LeAF, 71. In botany, the primary leaf. 
SEED'-LIP, in. A vessel in which a sower carries the 
SEED'-LOP, 5 seed to be dispersed. [England.] 
SEED'-LoBE, to. The lobe of a seed ; a cotyledon. 
SEED'-PeARL (-perl), n. Small grains of pearl.— Boyle. 
SEED'-PLAT, ? n. 1. The ground on which seeds are sown 
SEED'-PLOT, 5 to produce plants for transplanting. 2. A 

nursery. 
SEED'-TlME, to. The season proper for sowing. 
SEED'-VES-SEL, to. In botany, the pericarp which contains 

the seeds. 
SEED'ED, pp. or a. 1. Sown ; sprinkled with seed. 2. 
Bearing seed ; covered thick with seed. — Fletcher. 3. In- 
terspersed, as with seed.— Ben Jonson. 
SEED'ER, to. One who sows. 
SEEDING, ppr. Sowing with seeds. 

SEED'LING, to. A plant reared from the seed, as distin- 
guished from one propagated by layers, buds, &c. — Tully. 
t SEED'NESS, to. Seed-time. 
SEEDS'MAN, to. [seed and man.] A person who deals in 

seeds ; also, a sower. — Diet. 
SEEDY", a. [from seed.] 1. Abounding with seeds. 2. Hav- 
ing a peculiar flavor, supposed to be derived from the 
weeds growing among the vines. 3. Run to seed. 4. Ex- 
hausted; worn out; poor and miserable-looking; as, he 
looked seedy ; a seedy coat. — Halliwell. — Goldsmith; [Col- 
loquial or low.] 
SEEING, ppr. [from see.] Perceiving by the eye ; knowing ; 
understanding; observing; beholding. [Note. It is some- 
times classed among adverbs, but is properly a participle. 
and is used indefinitely, or without direct reference to a 
person or persons ; as, " Wherefore come ye to me, seeing 
ye hate me 1" — Gen., xxvi. ; that is, since, or, the fact be- 
ing that or thus ; because that.] 
SEETNG, to. The act of perceiving objects by the organ oi 
sight, or the sense which we have of external objects by 
means of the eye. — Hutton. 
SEEK, v. t. ; pret. and pp. sought, pronounced sawt. [Sax. 
secan, scecan, gesecan ; G.suchen; D. zoeken.] 1. To go in 
search or quest of; to look for ; to search for by going from 
place to place. 2. To inquire for ; to ask for ; to solicit ; 
to endeavor to find or gain by any means. — 3. Seek is fol 
lowed sometimes by out or after. 
SEEK, v. i. 1. To make search or inquiry ; to endeavor to 
make discovery. 2. To endeavor.— 7b seek after, to make 
pursuit; to attempt to find or take.— To seek for, to en- 



See Synopsis. I, IE, I, &c, long^-JL, E, I, &c. short.— F aR, FALL. WHAT ;— PRE Y ,— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE. BOOK. 



SEI 



899 



SEL 



deavor to find. Knolles. — To seek to, to apply to ; to re- 
sort to. 1 Kings, x. — To seek was formerly used, in an ad- 
verbial manner, for at searching, or, under the necessity of 
searching, as the result of ignorance or inexperience. — 
Spenser. — Milton. 

SEEK'-SOR-Ro W, n. [seek and sorrow.] One who con- 
trives to give himself vexation.— Sidney. [Little used.] 

SEEK'ER, re. 1. One who seeks ; an inquirer. 2. One of a 
sect that professes no determinate religion. — Johnson. 

SEEK'ING, n. Act of attempting to find or procure. — Baxter. 

SEEL, v. t. [Fr. sceller.] To close the eyes ; a term of fal- 
conry, from the practice of closing the eyes of a wild hawk. 

f SEEL, v. i. [Sax. sylan.] To lean ; to incline to one side. 

{•SEEL, \n. The rolling or agitation of a ship in a 

t SEELING, 5 storm.— Ainsworth. 

SEEL, n. [Sax. sal.] Time ; opportunity ; season, in re- 
spect to crops ; as, hay seel. — Farm. Encyc. [Local in Eng.] 

t SEEL'I-LY, adv. In a silly manner. 

\ SEELT, a. 1. Lucky ; fortunate.— Spenser. 2. Silly ; fool- 
ish ; simple. — Tusser ; [see Silly.] 

SEEM, v. i. [G. ziemen, geziemen ; D. zweemen.] 1. To ap- 
pear ; to make or have a show or semblance. 2. To have 
the appearance of truth or fact ; to be understood as true. 

t SEEM, v. t. To become ; to befit — Spenser. 

SEEMED, pp. Appeared; befitted. 

SEEM'ER, n. One who carries an appearance or semblance. 

SEEMING, ppr. or a. 1. Appearing; having the appear- 
ance or semblance, whether real or not. 2. a. Specious ; 
as, seeming friendship. 

SEEMING, n. 1. Appearance ; show; semblance. 2. Fair 
appearance. 3. Opinion or liking ; favorable opinion ; [obs.] 

SEEM1NG-LY, adv. In appearance ; in show ; in sem- 
blance. — Addison. 

SEEMTNG-NESS, n. Fair appearance ; plausibility. 

tSEEM'LESS, a. Unseemly; unfit; indecorous. 

SEEM'LI-NESS, n. Comeliness ; grace ; fitness ; proprie- 
ty ; decency ; decorum. — Camden. 

SEEM'LY, a. [G. ziemlich; Dan. summelig.] Suited to the 
object, occasion, purpose, or character. — Syn. Becoming ; 
fit; suitable; proper; appropriate; congruous; meet; 
decent; decorous. 

SEEM'LY, adv. In a decent or suitable manner. 

f SEEM'LY-HED, n. Comely or decent appearance. 

SEEN, pp. of see. 1. Beheld ; observed ; understood. 2. a. 
Versed ; skilled ; [obs.] 

SEER, n. [from see.] 1. One who sees. 2. A prophet ; a 
person who foresees future events. — 1 Sam., ix. 

SEERWOOD. See Sear, and Sear-wood, dry wood. 

SEETHE, v. t. ; pret. seethed, sod; pp. seethed, sodden. [Sax. 
seathan, seoihan, sythan ; D. zieden ; G. sieden.] To boil ; 
to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor. 

SEETHE, v. i. To be in a state of ebullition ; to be hot 

SEETHED, pp. Boiled; decocted. 

SEETH'ER, n. A boiler ; a pot for boiling things 

SEETHING, ppr. Boiling; decocting. 

tSEG. n. Sedge. 

SEG, n. A castrated bull. [North of England.] 

SE-GaR', n. See Cigar. 

SEG'GAR, n. A cylindrical case of fire-clay, in which fine 
stone-ware is baked — Ure. See Sagger. 

SEG-HoL' (seg-61'), n. A Hebrew vowel-point or short 
vowel, thus, v, indicating the sound of the English e in 
men. — M. Stuart. 

SEGHO-LATE, a. Marked with a seghol. 

SEG'MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. segmentum.] 1. In geometry, a part 
cut off from a figure by a line or plane ; particularly, that 
part of the circle contained between a cord and an arc 
of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off by the 
chord. — The segment of a sphere is a part cut off by a plane. 
— 2. In general, a part cut off or divided ; as, the segments 
of a calyx. 

fSEG'NI-TUDE, \n. [L. segnis.] Sluggishness; inactiv- 
SECNI-TY, 5 ity. 

SEGHE-GaTE, v. t. [L. segrego.] To separate from oth- 
ers ; to set apart. — Sherwood. 

SEG'RE-GATE, a. Separate; select— Wotton. [Little used.] 

SEG'RE-Ga-TED, pp. Separated ; parted from others. 

SEG'RE-Ga-TING, ppr. Separating. 

SEG-RE-GITION, n. [Fr.] Separation from others ; a part- 
ing. — Shak. 

SETD'LITZ POWDERS, n. pi. Powders intended to pro- 
duce the same effect with Seidlitz water ; composed of tar- 
trate of potassa and soda (Rocbelle salt), with bicarbonate 
of soda in one paper and tartaric acid in another paper, to 
be dissolved separately in water, then mixed, and taken 
while effervescing. — Brande. 

SElD'LITZ WA'TER, n. A saline mineral water from Seid- 
litz, in Bohemia, often taken as an agreeable aperient. It 
contains the sulphates of magnesia and soda, with car- 
bonic acid. — Brande. 
SeIGN-Eu'RI-AL (se-nii're-al), a. [Fr.] 1. Pertaining to the 
lord of a manor ; manorial. 2. Vested with large pow- 
ers , independent 



SeIGNIOR (seen'yur), n. [Fr. seigneur; It signore ; Sp. 
senor ; Port senhor ; from L. senior.] A lord ; the lord of 
the manor ; but used also, in the south of Europe, as a ti- 
_tle of honor. 

SeIGN'IOR-agE (seen'yur-aje). n. A royal right or prerog 
ative of the King of England, by which he claims an al- 
lowance of gold and silver brought in the mass to be ex. 
changed for coin. — Seigniorage is used, in common lan- 
guage, _to signify profit. — Brande. 

SeIGN-IoTH-AL (seen-yo're-al;. The same as seigneunal. 

SeIGN'IOR-IZE (seen'yur-ize), v.t. To lord it over. [Rare.] 

SeIGN'IO-RY (seen'yo-ry), n. [Fr. seigneurie.] 1. A lord- 
ship ; a manor. 2. The power or authority of a lord ; do- 
minion. 

SeINE (seen), to. [Sax. segne ; Fr. seine; Arm. seigne.] A 
Jarge net for catching fish. 

SeIN'ER n. A fisher with a seine or net. [Little used.] 

SEiS-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. oeww] An instrument for 
measuring the shock of an earthquake and other concus- 
sions.— Ed. Phil. Trans. 

Se'I-TY, 7i. [L. se, one's self.] Something peculiar to a 
man's self. — Toiler. [Not well authorized.] 

SeIZ'A-BLE, a. That may be seized ; liable to be taken. 

SEIZE (seeze), v. t. [Fr. saisir ; Arm. sesiza or sesya.] 1. 
To fall or rash upon suddenly and lay hold on ; or to gripe 
or lay hold on suddenly. 2. To take possession by force, 
with or without right. 3. To invade suddenly ; to take 
hold of; to come upon suddenly. 4. To take possession 
by virtue of a warrant or legal authority. 5. To fasten ; 
to fix. — In seamen's language, to fasten two ropes or dif- 
ferent parts of one rope together with a cord. — To be seized 
of, to have possession. Spenser. — To seize on or upon is to 
fall on and grasp ; to take hold on. — Syn. To catch ; grasp ; 
clutch ; snatch ; apprehend ; arrest ; take ; capture. 

SEIZED (seezd), pp. Suddenly caught or grasped; taken 
by force; invaded suddenly ; taken possession of ; fast- 
ened with a cord ; having possession. 

SeIZ'ER, n. One who seizes. 

SeIZTN, n. [Fr. saisine.] 1. In law, possession. Seizin is 
of two sorts, seizin in deed or fact, and seizin in law. Seiz- 
in in fact or deed is actual or corporeal possession ; seizin 
in law is when something is done which the law account? 
possession or seizin, as enrollment or when lands de 
scend to an heir, but he has not yet entered on them. 2 
The act of taking possession ; [not used except in law.] 3 
The thing possessed; possession. 

SEIZING, ppr. Falling on and grasping suddenly , .aying 
hold on suddenly ; fastening. 

SeIZ'ING, n. 1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly. 
2. In seamen's language, the operation of fastening togeth 
er ropes with a cord. 

SeIZ'OR, n. One who seizes. — Wheaton. 

SeIZ'URE (seez'yur), n. 1. The act of seizing; the actoi 
laying hold on suddenly. 2. The act of taking possession 
by force ; capture. 3. The act of taking by warrant. 4 
The state of being seized, as with disease. — Wilberforcc, 
5. The thing taken or seized. 6. Gripe ; grasp ; posses- 
sion. 7. Catch ; a catching. 

Se'JANT, a. In heraldry, sitting like a cat with the fore 
feet straight. [Applied to a lion or other beast.] 

SE-JOIN', v. t. To separate. — Whately. [A Scottish word,]. 

SE-Ju'GOUS, a. [L. sejugis.] In botany, a sejugous leaf is 
a pinnate leaf having six pairs of leaflets. 

SE-JUNCTION, n. [L. sejunctio.] The act of disjointing', 
a disuniting ; separation. — Pearson, [Little used.] 

SE-JUNG'I-BLE, a. That may be disjoined. [Rare.] 

t SeKE, for sick. See Sick. — Chaucer. 

Se'KOS, n. [Gr.] A place in a temple in which pagans in- 
closed the images of their deities. 

Se'LAH, n. [Heb. tl^D-] In the Psalms, a word supposed 
to signify silence or a pause in the musical performance 
of the song. — Gesenius. 

t SEL'CttUTH (-kooth), a. [Sax. sel, seld, and couth.] Rarely 
known ; unusual ; uncommon. — Spenser. 

SELDOM (sel'dum), adv. [Sax. selden, seldon ; G. selten.] 
Rarely ; not often ; not frequently. — Seld is obsolete. 

SEL'D6M, a. Rare ; unfrequent— Milton. [Little used.] 

SELTJOM-NESS, n. Bareness ; uncommonness ; infrequen 
cy. — Hooker. 

t SELD'SHoWN (-shone), a. Rarely shown or exhibited. 

SE-LECT, v. t. [L. selectus.] To choose and take from a 
number ; to take by preference from among others ; to 
pick out ; to cull. 

SE-LECT, a. Taken from a number by preference ; whence, 
preferable : more valuable or excellent than others. — Syn 
Selected ; chosen ; picked ; choice. 

SE-LECTED, pp. or a. Chosen and taken by preference 
from among a number ; picked ; culled. 

SE-LECT'ED-LY, adv. With care in selection. 

SE-LECTTNG, ppr. Choosing and taking from a number , 
picking out ; culling. 

SE-LEC'TION, n. [L. selectio.] 1. The act of choosing and 
taking from among a number ; a taking from a numbei 



D6VE;— BULL, UNITE;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this. + Obsolete 



SEL 



900 



SEL 



oy preference. 2. A number of things selected or taken 
from others by preference. 

SE-LE€T'lVE, a. Selecting; tending to select. [Unusual] 

SE-LECTMAN, n. [select and man.) In New England, a 
town officer chosen annually to manage the concerns of 
the town, provide for the poor, &c. 

SE-LECFNESS, n. The state of being select or well chosen. 

SE-LE€TOR, n. [L.] One who selects or chooses from 
among a number. 

SE-Le'NI- ATE, n. A compound of selenic acid with a base. 

SELEN'IG, a. Pertaining to selenium. — Selenic acid is com- 
posed of one equivalent of selenium and three of oxygen. 

SEL-EN-IF'ER-OUS, a. [selenium, and L.fero.] Containing 
selenium. 

SE-Le'NI-OUS ACID, n. An acid composed of one equiva- 
lent of selenium and two of oxygen. 

SEL'EN-lTE, n. [Gr. atkrjviTriS.] 1. The variety of sulphate 
of lime, or gypsum, occurring in transparent crystals, or 
crystalline masses. — Dana. 2. A compound of selenious 
acid with a base. 

SEL-E-NITTC, la. Pertaining to selenite; resembling 

SEL-E-NIT'I€-AL, > it, or partaking of its nature and prop- 
erties. 

SE-Le'NI-UM, n. An elementary substance, allied to sul- 
phur. It passes into vapor at 650° Fahrenheit, producing 
the odor of decaying horseradish. 

SE-LEN'IU-RET ) (se-len'yu-ret), a. LA compound of se- 

SE-LEN'U-RET 5 lenium with some other element. 2. 
A mineral of a shining lead-gray color, containing seleni- 
um with copper and silver. 

3EL-E-NO-GRAPH'IG, ? t, , . <. , , 

SEL-E-NO-GRAPH'IC-AL, \ a ' Bel °ngmg to selenography. 

SEL-E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aeXnvr, and ypa<pw.) A de- 
scription of the surface of the moon ; corresponding to 
geography in respect to the earth. — Brande. 

SELF, a. or pron. ; pi. Selves ; used chiefly in composition. 
[Sax. self, sylf; Goth, silba ; Sw. sielf ; Dan. selv ; G. 
selbst ; D. zelf] 1. In old authors this word sometimes 
signifies particular, very, or same.— 2. In present usage, 
self is united to certain personal pronouns and pronominal 
adjectives, to express emphasis or distinction ; also when 
the pronoun is used reciprocally ; as, I myself. — 3. Self 
is sometimes used as a noun, noting the individual subject 
to his own contemplation or action, or noting identity of 
person. Consciousness makes everyone to be what he 
calls self. 4. It also signifies personal interest, or love of 
private interest ; selfishness. — Self is much used in com- 
position. 

8ELF-A-BaSED' (self-a-basf), a. [self and abase.] Humbled 
by conscious guilt or shame. 

SELF-A-BISE'MENT, n. Humiliation or abasement pro- 
ceeding from consciousness of inferiority or guilt. 

SELF-A-BaS'ING, a. Humbling by the consciousness of 
guilt or by shame. 

SELF-AB-HOR'RENCE, n. The abhorrence of one's self. 

SELF-AB-HOR'RING, a. Abhorring one's self. 

SELF-A-BuSE', n. [self and abuse.] The abuse of one's 
own person or powers. — Shah. 

SELF-A€-€uSED', a. Accused by one's own conscience. 

SELF-A€-€uSTNG, a. Accusing one's self. 

SELF-ACTING, a. Acting of itself. 

SELF-ACT'lVE, a. Active of or by itself. 

SELF-AC-TIV'I-TY, n. Self-motion, or the power of mov- 
ing one's self without foreign aid. — Bentley. 

SELF-AD- JUSTING, a. Adjusting by one's self or by itself. 

SELF-AD-MI-RI'TION, n. Admiration of one's self. 

SELF-AD-MlR'ING, a. Admiring one's self— Scott. 

SELF-AF-FaIRS', n. pi. [self and affair.] One's own pri- 
vate business. — Shak. 

8ELF-AF-FRlGHT'ED, a. Frightened at one's self. 

SELF-AG-GRAND'fZE-MENT or SELF-AG'GRAND-lZE- 
MENT, n. The aggrandizement or exaltation of one's self. 

SELF-AN-Ni'HI-La-TED, a. Annihilated by one's self. 

SELF-AN-NI-HI-La'TION, n. Annihilation by one"s own act 

SELF-AP-PLAUSE', n. Applause of one's self. 

SELF-AP-PL?'ING, a. Applying to or by one's self. 

SELF-AP-PRoV'ING, a. That approves of one's own con- 
duct. — Pope. 

SELF-AS-SuMED' (self-as-sumd'), a. Assumed by one's 
own act or without authority. — Mitford. 

SELF-AS-SuRED' (-ash-shurd'), a. Assured by one's self. 

SELF-AT-TRACT'lVE, a. Attractive by one's self. 

SELF-BAN'ISHED (-ban'isht), a. Exiled voluntarily. 

SELF-BE-GOTTEN, a. Begotten by one's own powers. 

SELF-BE-GUlLED', a. Deceived by one's self. 

SELF'-BORN, a. Bora or produced by one's self. 

SELF-CENTERED > , ,„,. n . , . .. 1f 

8EI F-CEN'TRED \ ( -9en terd )> a - Centered in itself. 

8ELF-CEN'TER-ING, } ,-, ' ■ . ,, 

SELF-CEN'TRING, \ a - Centering in one s self. 
9ELF-CHARI-TY, n. Love of one's self. 
3ELF-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TiVE, a. [self and communicative.] 
Imparted or communicated by its own powers. — Norris. 



SELF-CON-CeIT (-kon-seetO, n. [self void conceit.] A high 

opinion of one's self; vanity; self-sufficiency. 
SELF-CON-CElTED, a. Vain ; having a high or overween- 
ing opinion of one's own person or merits. 
SELF-CON-CeITED-NESS, n. Vanity; an overweening 

opinion of one's own person or accomplishments. 
SELF-CON-DEM-Na'TION, n. Condemnation by one's own 

conscience. 
SELF-CON-DEM'NING, a. Condemning one's self. 
SELF-CON'FI-DENCE, n. Confidence in one's own judg 

ment or ability ; reliance on one's own opinion or powers. 
SELF-CON'FI-DENT, a. Confident of one's own strength 

or powers ; relying on one's own judgment. 
SELF-CON'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With self-confidenco.— A. 

Clarke. 
SELF-CON-FlD'ING, a. Confiding in one's own judgment 

or powers, without the aid of others. — Pope. 
SELF-CON'SCIOUS, a. Conscious in one's self. 
SELF-CON'SCIOUS-NESS, n. Consciousness within one's 

self. — Locke. 
SELF-€ON-SID'ER-ING, a. [self and consider.] Consider- 
ing in one's own mind ; deliberating. — Pope. 
SELF-CON-SuMED', a. Consumed by one's self. 
SELF-CON-SuM'ING, a. That consumes itself. 
SELF-CON-TRA-DIC'TION, n. The act of contradicting 

itself; repugnancy in terms. 
SELF-CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, a. Contradicting itself. 
SELF-€ON-VI€T'ED, a. [seZ/and convict.] Convicted by 

one's own consciousness, knowledge, or avowal. 
SELF-CON-VICTION, n. Conviction proceeding from 

one's own consciousness, knowledge, or confession. 
SELF-CRE-XT'ED, a. Created by one's self; not formed 

or constituted by another. — Milner. 
SELF-DE-CeIT, n. Deception respecting one's self, or that 

originates from one's own mistake ; self-deception. 
SELF-DE-CeIVED' (self-de-seevd'), a. Deceived or misled 

respecting one's self by one's own mistake or error. 
SELF-DE-CeIVTNG, a. Deceiving one's self. 
SELF-DE-CEPTION, n. Deception concerning one's self, 

proceeding from one's own mistake. 
SELF-DE-FENSE' (self-de-fens'), n. The act of defending 

one's own person, property, or reputation. 
SELF-DE-FENS'lVE, a. Tending to defend one's self.— 

Foster. 
SELF-DE-LO'SION (-zhun), n. [self and delusion.] The de- 
lusion of one's self, or respecting one's self. — South. 
SELF-DE-Nl'AL, n. The denial of one's self; the forbear 

ing to gratify one's own appetites or desires. 
SELF-DE-NY'ING, a. Denying one's self; a forbearing to 

indulge one's own appetites or desires. 
SELF-DE-N? 'ING-LY, adv. In a self-denying manner. 
SELF-DER-E-LICTION, n. Desertion of one's self. 

siLF-DE-PEND'fNa' } a - depending on one's self-Scott 
SELF-DE-STROYED', a. Destroyed by one's self. 
SELF-DE-STROY'ER, n. One who destroys himself. 
SELF-DE-STROY'ING, a. Destroying one's self. 
SELF-DE-STRUC'TION, n. [self and destruction.] The de 

struction of one's self; voluntary destruction. 
SELF-DE-STRUCTIVE, a. Tending to the destruction oi 

one's self. 
SELF-DE-TERM-IN- A'TION, n. Determination by one'* 

own mind ; or determination by its own powers, without 

extraneous impulse or influence. 
SELF-DE-TERM'IN-ING, a. Determining by or of itself: 

determining or deciding without extraneous power or in 

fluence. 
SELF-DE- VISED', a. Devised by one's self— Baxter. 
SELF-DE-VoTED, a. [self and devote.] Devoted in person, 

or voluntarily devoted in person. 
SELF-DE-VoTE'MENT, n. The devoting of one's person 

and services voluntarily to any difficult or hazardous em 

ployment. 
SELF-DE- VoTING, a. Devoting one's self.— E. Everett. 
SELF-DE-VOUR'ING, a. Devouring one's self or itself. 
SELF-DIF-Fu'SlVE, a. [self and diffusive.] Having power 

to diffuse itself; that diffuses itself. — Norris. 
SELF-DOOMED', a. Doomed by one's self— More. 
SELF-DUBBED', a. Dubbed by one's self— Irving . 
SELF-ED'U-Ca-TED, a. Educated by one's own efforts. 
SELF-E-LECTED, a. Elected by himself. 
SELF-E-LE€T'lVE, a. Having the right to elect one's self, 

or, as a body, of electing its own members. — Jefferson. 
SELF-EN-JOY'MENT, n. [self and enjoyment.] Interna] 

satisfaction or pleasure. 
SELF-ES-TEEM', n. [self and esteem.] The esteem or good 

opinion of one's self. — Milton. 
SELF-ES-TI-Ma'TION, n. The esteem or good opinion of 

one's self. — Milner. 
SELF-EV'I-DENCE, n. Evidence or certainty resulting 

from a proposition without proof ; evidence that ideas offer 

to the mind upon bare statement. 
SELF-EV'I-DENT, a. Evident without proof or reasoning; 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. ( long.—l, e, 1, &c, short.— FiR, F>XL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SEL 



901 



SEL 



that produces certainty or clear conviction upon a bare 
presentation to the mind. 

SELF-EV'I-DENT-LY, adv. By means of self-evidence. 

SELF-EX-ALT- A/TION (-egz-), n. The exaltation of one's 
self. 

SELF-EX-ALT'ING, a. Exalting one's self. 

SELF-EX-AM-IN-A'TION (x as gz), n. An examination or 
scrutiny into one's own state, conduct, and motives, partic- 
ularly in regard to religious affections and duties. 

SELF-EX-€uS'ING, a. Excusing one's self.— Scott. 

3ELF-EX-ISTENCE (x as gz), n. Inherent existence ; the 
existence possessed by virtue of a being's own nature, and 
independent of any other being or cause ; an attribute pe- 
culiar to God. 

SELF-EX-ISTENT (x as gz), a. Existing by its own nature 
or essence, independent of any other cause. 

SELF-EX-ULTTNG (-egz-), a. Exulting in one's self.— Baxter. 

SELF'-FED, a. Fed by one's self. 

SELF-FLATTER-ING, a. Flattering one's self. 

SELF-FLATTER-Y, n. Flattery of one's self. 

SELF-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [self and glorious.] Springing from 
vainglory or vanity ; vain ; boastful. — Dryden. 

SELF-GOVERNED, a, Governed by one's self.— Coleridge. 

SELF-G6VERN-MENT, n. The government of one's self. 

SELF-GRAT-U-La'TION, n. Gratulation of one's self.— E. 
Everett. 

SELF-HaRM'ING, a. [self and harm.] Injuring or hurting 
one's self or itself. — Sharp. 

SELF'-HEAL, n. [self and heal.] A plant of the genus 
prunella ; also called sanicle. 

SELF-HEALING, a. Having the power or property of 
healing itself. 

SELF-HOM'I-ClDE, n. The killing of one's self; suicide. 

SELF-1'DOL-IZ.ED, a. Idolized by one's sell'.— Cowper. 

SELF-IG'NO-RANCE, n. Ignorance of one's own charac- 
ter. — Ch. Spectator. 

SELF-IG'NO-RANT, a. Ignorant of one's self. 

SELF-IM'MO-La-TING, a. Immolating one's self— Eraser. 

SELF-IM-PaRTTNG, a. [self and impart.] Imparting by its 
own powers and will. — Norris. 

SELF-IM-POSTURE, n. [self and imposture.] Imposture 
practiced on one's self. — South. 

SELF-1N-FLI€T'ED, a. Inflicted by one's self. 

SELF-IN-SUF-Fi"CIEN-CY, n. Insufficiency of one's self. 

SELF-IN'TER-EST, n. [self and interest.] Private interest ; 
the interest or advantage of one's self. 

SELF-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. Having self-interest ; particular- 
ly concerned for one's self. 

SELF-IN-VTT'ED, a. Invited by one's self. 

SELF-JUDGING, a. Judging one's self. 

BELF-JUST'I-Fl-ER, n. One who excuses or justifies him- 
self. 

SELF-KIN'DL ED, a. [self and kindle.] Kindled of itself, or 
without extraneous aid or power. — Dryden. 

BELF-KNoW'ING, a. [self and know.] Knowing of itself, 
or without communication from another. 

SELF-KN0WL'ED6E (self-nolledje), n. The knowledge 
of one's own real character, abilities, worth, or demerit. 

SELF-LoATH'ING, a. Loathing one's self. 

SELF-L6VE' (-luv'), n. [self and love.] The love of one's 
own person or happiness. — Pope. 

SELF-L6VING, a. Loving one's self.— Walton. 

SELF-Lu'MIN-OUS, a. Possessing in itself the property of 
emitting light — Brewster. 

SELF'-MIDE, a: Made by one's self. 

SELF'-iMET-^L, n. [self and metal] The same metal. 

SELF-Mo'TION, n. Motion given by inherent powers, 
without external impulse ; spontaneous motion. 

SELF-MoV£D' (self-movd'), a. [self and move.] Moved by 
inherent power, without the aid of external impulse. — 
Pope. 

SELF-MoVTNG, a. Moving or exciting to action by inher- 
ent power, without the impulse of another body or ex- 
traneous influence. 

SELF-MUR'DER, n. The murder of one's self ; suicide. 

SELF-M T JRTJER-ER, n. One who voluntarily destroys his 
own life. 

SELF-NEG-LE€T'ING, n. A neglecting of one's self. 

SELF-O-PINTON (-yun), n. One's own opinion. 

SELF-O-PIN'IONED, a. Valuing one's own opinion highly. 

SELF-PiR-TIALl-TY, n. That partiality by which a man 
overrates his own worth when compared with others. 

SELF-PLeASTNG, a. [self and please.] Pleasing one's self; 
gratifying owe's own wishes. — Bacon. 

gELF-POS-SES'SION (-pos-sesh'un). n. The possession of 

one's powers ; calmness ; self-command. 
SELF'-PRaISE (-praze), n. [self and praise.] The praise of 

one's self; self-applause. — Broome. 
SELF-PREF'ER-ENCE, n. [self and preference.] The pref- 
erence of one's self to others. 
SELF-PRES-ER-Va'TION, n. The preservation of one's 

6elf from destruction or injury. — Milton. 
8ELF-PRE-SERVING, a. Preserving one's self. 



SELF-PROP'A-Ga-TING, a. Propagating by itself or bim 
self— E. Everett. 

SELF-REg'IS-TER-ING, a. That registers itself, as a ther 
mometer which marks the extreme points of its range 
within a given time. — Francis. 

SELF-REG'U-La-TED, a. Regulated by one's self. 

SELF-RE-Ll/ANCE, n. Reliance on one's own powers. 

SELF-RE-LY'ING, a. Depending on one"s self. 

SELF-RE-PEL'LEN-CY, n. [self and repellcncy.] The in- 
herent power of repulsion in a body. — Black. 

SELF-RE-PEL'LING, a. [self and repel] Repelling by its 
own inherent power. 

SELF-RE-PRoACHJED' (-re-prochtf), a. Reproached by 
one's own conscience. 

SELF-RE-PRoACH'ING, a. Reproaching one's self. 

SELF-RE-PRoACH'ING-LY, adv. By reproaching one's 
self. 

SELF-RE-PRoVED' (self-re-proovd'), a. [self and reprove.] 
Reproved by consciousness or one's own sense of guilt 

SELF-RE-PRoV'ING, a. Reproving by consciousness. 

SELF-RE-PROV'ING, n. The act of reproving by a con- 
scious sense of guilt. — Shak. 

SELF-RE-PULS'IVE, a. Repulsive by one's self. 

SELF-RE-STRaIN£D' (self-re-strandO, a. Restrained by 
itself, or by one's own power or will ; not controlled by 
external force or authority. 

SELF-RE-STRaIN'ING, a. Restraining or controlling itself. 

SELF-RE-STRaINT, n. A restraint over one's self. 

SELF-RlGHT'EOUS, a. Righteous in one's own esteem. 

SELF-RlGHT'EOUS-NESS, n. Reliance on one's own 
righteousness. 

SELF-Ru'IN-ED, a. Ruined by one's own conduct. 

SELF-SA€'RI-FIC-ING (-sak're-fiz-), a. Yielding up one's 
own interests, feelings, &c. ; sacrificing one's self. — Chan- 
ning. 

SELF'-SaME, a. [self and same.] Numerically the same ; 
the very same ; identical. — Scripture. 

SELF-SATIS-FlJED, a. Satisfied with one's self.— Irving. 

SELF-SATIS-FY-ING, a. Giving satisfaction to one's self. 

SELF'-SEEK-ER, n. One who seeks only his own interest 

SELF'-SEEK-ING, a. [self and seek.] Seeking one's own 
interest or happiness ; selfish. — Arbuthnot. 

SELF-SLAUGHTER (self-slaw'ter), n. [self and slaughter.] 
The slaughter of one's self.— Shak. 

SELF-SOUND'ING, a. Sounding by one's self. 

SELF-SPUR'RING, a. Inciting one's self 

SELF-SUB-Du ED' (self-sub-dudO, a. [self and subdue.] Sub- 
dued by one's own power or means. — Shak. 

SELF-SUB-VERS'lVE, a. Overturning or subverting it- 
self.— J. P. Smith. 

SELF-SUF-Fl"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-se), n. An overweening 
opinion of one's own strength or worth ; excessive confi- 
dence in one's own competence or sufficiency. 

SELF-SUF-Fl"CIENT (-fish'ent), a. Having full confidence 
in one's own strength, abilities, or endowments ; whence, 
haughty ; overbearing. 

SELF-SUS-PEND'ED, a. Suspended by one's self; bal- 
anced. — Southey. 

SELF-SUS-Pl"CIOUS, a. Suspicious of one's self. 

SELF-SUS-TX1N.ED', a. Sustained by one's self. 

SELF'-TAUGHT (-tawt), a. Taught by one's self.— E. Ev- 
erett. 

SELF-TOR-MENTTNG, a. [self and torment.] Tormenting 
one's self; as, self tormenting sin. — Crashaw. 

SELF-TOR-MENTOR, n. One who torments himself. 

SELF-TROUB'LING, a. Troubling one's self. 

SELF-UP-BRaID'ING, a. Reproaching one's self. 

SELF-VAL'U-ING, a. Esteeming one's self— Parn ell. 

SELF-Vl'O-LENCE, n. Violence to one's self. 

SELF-WILL', n. One's own will ; obstinacy. 

SELF-WILLED' (self-willd'), a. Governed by one's own 
will ; not yielding to the will or wishes of others ; not ae 
commodating or compliant ; obstinate. 

SELF-WoR'SHIP, n. The idolizing of one's self. 

SELF-WORSHIP-ER, n. One who idolizes himself. 

SELF-W6R'SHIP-ING, a. Worshiping one's self.— Cole- 
ridge. 

SELF-WRONG', n. [self and wrong.] Wrong done by a 
person to himself. — Shak. 

SELFISH, a. Regarding one's own interest chiefly or sole- 
ly ; influenced in actions by a view to private advantage. 

SELF'ISH-LY, adv. In a selfish manner ; with regard to 
private interest only or chiefly.— Pope. 

SELF1SH-NESS, n. ' The exclusive regard of a person to 
his own interest or happiness ; or that supreme self-love 
or self-preference which leads a person in his actions to 
direct his purposes to the advancement of his own inter- 
est power, or happiness, without regarding the interest 
of others. 

SELF'LESS, a. Having no regard to self. — Coleridge. 

tSELF'NESS, n. Self-love; selfishness.— Sidney. 

SEL'ION. n. A ridge of land. [Local] 

SELL, for self; and sells, for selves. [Scot.] — BenJonson, 



DOVE ; -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; <i as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this \ Obsolete 



SEM 



902 



SEM 



fSELL, n. [Fr. selle; L. sella.] A saddle, and a throne. 

(JLELL, v. t. ; pret. and pp. sold. [Sax. selan, sellan, sylan, or 
syllan ; Sw. salia ; Ice. selia ; Dan. seelger.] 1. To trans- 
fer property or the exclusive right of possession to anoth- 
er for an equivalent in money. It is correlative to buy, as 
one party buys what the other sells. It is distinguished 
from exchange or barter, in which one commodity is giv- 
en for another ; whereas in selling the consideration is 
money, or its representative in current notes. 2. To be- 
tray ; to deliver or surrender for money or a reward. 3. 
To yield or give for a consideration.— 4. In Scripture, to 
give up to be harassed and made slaves. 5. To part with ; 
to renounce or forsake. 

SELL, v. i. 1. To have commerce ; to practice selling. 2. 
To be sold. 

SEL'LEN-DER, In. A skin disease in a horse's hock, ow- 

SEL'LAN-DER, 5 ing to a want of cleanliness. — Gardner. 

SELL'ER, n. The person who sells ; a vender. 

SELLING, ppr. 1. Transferring the property of a thing for 
a price. 2. Betraying for money. 

SELT'ZER WATER, n. A mineral water from Seltzer, in 
Germany, containing much free carbonic acid. — Brande. 

SEL'VAgE, n. The same as selvedge. 

SEL-VA-6EE', n. A kind of skein of rope-yarns, wound 
round with yarns or marline ; used for stoppers, straps, 
Scc.—Totten. 

SELVEDGE, n. [D. zelfkant] The edge of cloth, where it 
is closed by complicating the threads ; a woven border, or 
border of close work. 

SELVED6.ED, a. Having a selvedge. 

SELVES, pi. of self. 

SEM'A-PHORE, n. [Gr. anna and 6opeu).] A telegraph. 

SEM-A-PHOR'IC, n. Telegraphic. 

SEM-A-PHOR'IC-AL-LY, adv. By means of a telegraph. 

fSEM'BLA-BLE, a. [Fr.] Like; similar; resembling. 

t SEM'BLA-BLY, adv. In like manner.— Shak. 

SEM'BLANCE, n. [Fr. ; It. sembianza.) 1. Likeness; re- 
semblance ; actual similitude. 2. Appearance ; show ; 
figure ; form. — Fairfax. 

t SEM'BLANT, n. Show; figure; resemblance. — Spenser. 

\ SEM'BL ANT, a. Like ; resembling.— Prior. 

f SEM'BL A-Tl VE, a. Resembling ; fit ; suitable. 

t SEM'BL)3, v. t. [Fr. sembler.] To imitate ; to make similar. 

SE-MEl-C TTC, a. See Semiotic. 

Se'MEN. n. [L.] Seed, particularly of animals. 

SE-MES'TER, n. [L. semestris, sex, six, and mensis, month.] 
A peril >d or term of six months. [Ger. Universities.] 

SEM'I, [L. ; Gr. fan,] in composition, signifies half. 

SEM'1-ACID'I-Fl.ED, a. or pp. Half acidified. See Acidify. 

SEM'I-AM-PLEX'LGAUL, a. [L. semi, amplexus.] Partially 
amplexicaul. — In botany, embracing the stem half around, 
as a leaf. 

SEM'I-AN'NU-AL (-an'yu-al), a. Half yearly. 

SEM'I-AN'NU-AL-LY, adv. Every half year. 

SEM'I-AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. semi and annulus.] Having the 
figure of a half circle ; that is, half round. 

SEM'I-AP'ER-TURE, n. The half of an aperture. 

SEM'I-A'RI-AN, n. In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-Arians 
were a branch of the Arians, who denied the consubstan- 
tiality of the Son with the Father, but admitted the simi- 
larity of substance. — Brande. 

SEM'I-A'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Semi-Arianism. 

SEM'I- A'RI-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of the Semi-Arians. 

SEM'I-BaR-Ba'RI-AN, a. Half savage ; partially civilized. 

SEMI BREVE, r„ [semi and breve; formerly written semi- 
bref] In music, a note of half the duration or time of the 
breve, a note now rarely used. The semibreve is the 
longest note now in general use, and is the unit by which 
the other notes are measured. 

SEM'1-CAL-CIN.ED' or SEM'I-€AL'ClN£D, a. Half cal- 
cined. 

SEM'I-CAS'TRaTE, v. t. To deprive of one testicle. 

SEM'I-€AS-TRa'TION, n. Half castration ; deprivation of 
one testicle. — Brown. 

SEM'1-CHA.-OT'IC, a. Partially chaotic— Hitchcock. 

SEM'I-€Ho-RUS, n. A short chorus performed by a few 
singers. 

SEM'I-€HRIS'TIAN-lZ£D, a. Half Christianized. 

8EM'I-CiR-€LE (-sur-kl), n. 1. The half of a circle ; the 
part of a circle comprehended between its diameter and 
half of its circumference. 2. Any body in the form of a 

SEM'1-CiR-GL.ED, ? a. Having the form of a half circle. 

SEM-I-C1R'€U-LAR, 5 —Addison. 

SEM-I-C1R-€UM'FER-ENCE, n. Half the circumference. 

SEM'I-€o-LON, n. [semi and colon.] In grammar and punc- 
tuation, the point [;], marking a greater distinction of 
sense than a comma, but less than a colon. 

SEM'I-€OL'UMN, n. A half column. 

SEM'I-€0-LUM'NAR, a. [semi and columnar.] Like a half 
column ; flat on one side and round on the other. 

SEM'I-€OM-PA€T', a. [semi and compact.] Half compact ; 
imperfectly indurated. — Kirwan. 



SEM'I-CRUS-Ta'CEOUS (-shus), a. Half crustaceous. 

SEM'I-€RYS'TAL-LlNE, a. Imperfectly crystallized.- 
Hitchcock. 

SEM'I-€fj'BI€-AL, a. The semi-cubical parabola, in geome- 
try, is a curve of such a nature that the cubes of the or 
dinates are proportional to the squares of the abscissas.- 
Hutton. 

SEM-I-€u'PI-UM, n. [Gr. W Kz<pd\iov.] A half bath, or bath 
covering only the lower extremities and hips. 

SEM'I-CYL-IN'DRIC, > Va , f • ,. A . , T 

SEM'I-CYL-IN'DRI€-AL, \ a - Half cylindrical.-!^. 

SEM'I-DE-ISTIC-AL, a. Half deistical ; bordering on de 
ism. 

SEM'I-Dl-AM'E-TER, n. Half the diameter ; a right line 
or the length of a right line drawn from the center of a 
circle, sphere, or other curved figure, to its circumference 
or periphery ; a radius. 

SEM'I-Di-A-Pa'SON, n. In music, an imperfect octave, or 
an octave diminished by a lesser semitone. 

SEM'I-Dl-A-PEN'TE, n. In music, an imperfect fifth. 

SEM'I-DT-APH-A-NE'I-TY, n. [See Semi-diaphanous.] 
Half orimperfect transparency. — Boyle. [Little used.] 

SEM'I-Dl-APH'A-NOUS, a. [semi and diaphanous.] Half 
or imperfectly transparent. — Woodward. 

SEM'I-Dl-A-TES'SA-RON, n. [semi and diatessaron.] In 
music, an imperfect or defective fourth. 

SEM-I-Dl'ToNE, n. [semi, and It. ditono.] In music, a less- 
er third, having its terms as 6 to 5 ; a hemi-ditone. 

SEM'I-D6UB'LE'(-dub'l), n. [semi and double.] In the Ro- 
man Catholic breviary, an office or feast celebrated with 
less solemnity than the double ones, but with more than 
the single_ones. 

t SEM'I-FLo-RET, n. [semi and floret.] See Semi-floscule. 

SEM-I-FLOS'€ULE, n. [semi and floscule.] A floscule 
whose corol consists of a single ligule, as the florets of 
the dandelion. 

SEM-I-FLOS'-GU-LOIJS, a. [semi, and L.fioscuhts. Semiflos- 
cular is also used, but is less analogical.] Composed of 
semiflorets or ligulate florets'. 

SEM'I-FLO'ID, a. [semi and fluid.] Imperfectly fluid. 

SEM'1-FORM.ED, a. Half formed ; imperfectly formed 

SEM'I-Ho'RAL, a. Half hourly. 

SEM'I-IN'DU-Ra-TED, a. [semi and indurated^ Imperfect- 
ly indurated or hardened. 

SEM'1-LA-PID'I-Fl.ED, a. [semi and lapidified.] Imperfect- 
ly changed into stone. — Kirwan. 

SEM'I-LEN-TIC'U-LAR, a. [semi and lenticular.] Half len- 
ticular _or convex ; imperfectly resembling a lens. 

SEM-I-Lu'NAR, la. [Fr. semilunaire.] Resembling in 

SEM-I-Lu'NA-RY, \ form a half moon. 

SEM'I-MET'^fL, n. [semi and metal] A metal that is not 
malleable, as bismuth, zinc, <fec. [Not now used.] 

8EM'I-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Pertaining to a semi-metal, or par 
taking of its nature and qualities. — Kirwan. 

SEM'IN-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. seminalis.] 1. Pertaining to seed, 
or to the elements of production. 2. Contained in seed ; 
radical ; rudimental ; original. Swift. — Seminal-leaf the 
same as seed-leaf. 

SEM'IN-AL, n. Seminal state. — Brown. 

SEM-IN-AL'I-TY, n. The nature of seed ; or the power of 
being produced.— Brown. 

SEM'IN-A-RIST, n. A Roman Catholic priest educated in a 
seminary. — Sheldon. 

SEM'IN-A-RY, n. [Fr. seminaire ; L. seminarium.] 1. A seed- 
plat ; ground where seed is sown for producing plants for 
transplantation ; a nursery. 2. The place or original stock 
whence any thing is brought ; [obs.] 3. Seminal state ; 
[obs.] 4. Source of propagation. 5.. A place of educa- 
tion ; any school, academy, college, or university, in which 
young persons are instructed in the several branches of 
learning. — 6. A seminary priest, a Roman Catholic priest 
educated in a foreign seminary ; a seminarist. — Ben 
Jonson. 

SEM'IN-A-RY, a. Seminal ; belonging to seed.— Smith. 

SEM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. semino.] To sow; to spread; tc 
propagate. — Waterhouse. 

SEM-IN-a'TION, n. [L. seminatio.] 1. The act of sowing 
—2. In botany, the natural dispersion of seeds. — Martyn. 

t SEM'INJSD, a. Thick covered, as with seeds. 

SEM-IN-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. semen and fero.] Seed-bearing ; 
producing seed. — Darwin. 

SEM-IN-IF'I€, 1 a. [L. semen and facio.] Forming or 

SEM-IN-IF'I€-AL, j producing seed. 

SEM-IN-IF-IC-A'TION, n. Propagation from the seed or 
seminal parts. — Hale. 

SEM'I-NYMPH, n. In entomology, the nymph of insects 
which undergo a slight change only in passing to a perfect 
state. 

SE-MI-O-LOG'IC-AL, a. Relating to the doctrine of signs or 
symptoms of diseases. 

SE-MI-OL'0-6Y, n, [Gr. orjptaov and \oyo$.] That part of 
medicine which treats of the signs of diseases. It is now 
merged in 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, W HAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD :— MOVE, BOOK, 



SEM 



90: 



SEN 



SEMT-o'PAL, n. A variety of opal. — Jameson. 
SEM'I-O-P aQUE' (-o-pake'), \ a. [L. semi and opacus.] Half 
SEM'I-0-Pa'€OUS, 5 transparent only. 

SEM'I-OR-BI€'U-LAR, a. [semi and orbicular.) Having the 

shape of a half orb or sphere. — Martyn. 
SEM'1-OR/Dl-NATE, n. In conic sections, a line drawn par- 
allel to one axis and bisected by the other, and reaching 
from one side of the section to the other. 
SEM'I-OS'SE-OUS, a. Of a bony nature, but only half as 

hard as bone. 
SE-MI-OT'I€, a. [Gr. onimov.] Relating to the signs or 

symptoms of diseases. — Brande. 
SEMT-5'VATE, a. [semi and ovate.] Half ovate. 
SEM'I-OX'Y-GEN-I-TED, a. Combined with oxygen only 

in part. 
SEM'I-Pa'GAN, a. Half pagan. 

SEM'I-PAL'MATE, }a. [se?ni and palmate.) In zoology, 
SEM'I-PAL'Ma-TED, > half palmated or webbed, the toes 
being connected together by a web extending along only 
their proximal half. — Brande. 
SEMT-PED. n. [semi, and L. pes.) A half foot in poetry, 
* SE-MIP'E-DAL, a. Containing a half foot. 
SEM'I-PE-La'<JI-AN, n. In ecclesiastical history, a follower 
of John Cassianus, a French monk, who, in 430, modified 
the doctrines of Pelagius, by denying human merit, and 
maintaining the necessity of the Spirit's influences, while 
he rejected the doctrine of unconditional election, the in- 
ability of man to do good, irresistible grace, and the cer- 
tain perseverance of the saints. — Murdoch. 
SEM'I-PE-La'gI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians, 

or their tenets. 
SEM'I-PE-La'gJ-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenets of the 

Semi-Pelagians. 
SEM'I-PEL-Lu'CID, a. [semi and pellucid.) Half clear, or 

imperfectly transparent. — Woodward. 
SEM'I-PEL-LU-CID'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 

imperfectly transparent. 
SEM'I-PER-SPI€'U-OUS, a. [semi and perspicuous.) Half 

transparent ; imperfectly clear. — Grew. 
fSEM'I-PHLO-GlSTIC-I-TED, a. [seini and phlogistic, *ed.) 

Partially impregnated with phlogiston. 
SEMT-PRl-MlG'EN-OUS, a. [semi and primigcnous.\ In 
geology, of a middle nature between substances of prima- 
ry and secondary formation. 
6EMT-PROOF, n. [semi and proof.) Half proof ; evidence 

from the testimony of a single witness. [Little used.) 
f- SEM'I-PRO'TO-LlTE, n. [semi, and Gr. wpuros and A(0oj.] 

A species of fossil. — Kirwan. 
SEM'I-QUAD'RATE, \ n. [L. semi and quadratus.) An as- 
SEM'1-QUAR.TlLE, j pect of the planets, when distant 
from each other the half of a quadrant, or forty -five de- 
grees, one sign and a half. 
SEMT-QUa-VER, n. [semi and quaver.] In music, a note 
of half the duration of the quaver ; the sixteenth of the 
semibreve. 
SEM'I-QUI-VER, v. t. To sound or sing in semiquavers. 
SEM'1-Q.UINTiLE, n. [L. semi and quintilis.) An aspect 
of the planets, when distant from each other half of the 
quintile, or thirty-six degrees. 
SEMI- SAVAGE, a. Half savage; half barbarian. 
SEM'I-SAV'AGE, n. One who is half savage or imperfectly 

civilized J. Barlow. 

SEM'I-SEX'TlLE, n. [semi and sextile.] An aspect of the 
planets, when they are distant from each other the twelfth 
part of a circle, or thirty degrees. — Bailey. 
SEM'I-SPHER'IC, \a. Having the figure of a half 
SEM'I-SPHER'I€-AL, $ sphere. 

SEM'I-SPHE-ROID'AL, a. Formed like a half spheroid. 
SEM-I-TER'TIAN (-shan), a. [semi and tertian.) Compound- 
ed of a tertian and quotidian ague. 
SEM-I-TER'TIAN, n. An intermittent compounded of a 

tertian and quotidian. — Bailey. 
8EM-IT1C. See Shemitic. 

SEM'I-ToNE, n. [semi and tone.) In music, half a tone ; an 
interval as between mi and fa in the scale which is only 
half that between fa and sol 
SEM-I-TON'IC, a. Pertaining to a semitone ; consisting of 

a semitone or of semitones. 
SEMI-TRAN'SEPT, n. [semi and transept.) The half of a 

transept or cross aisle. 
SEM'I-TRANS-PaPi/EN-CY, n. Imperfect transparent. 
SEM'I-TRANS-PAR'ENT,a. Half or imperfectly transparent. 
SEM'I-VER-TIC'IL-LATE, a. Partially verticillate. — Smith. 
SEM'I-VIT'RE-OUS, a. Partially vitreous.— Bigelow. 
SEM'I-VIT-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The state of being imper- 
fectly vitrified._ 2. A substance imperfectly vitrified. 
SEMT-VIT'RI-FLED, a. Half or imperfectly vitrified ; par- 
tially converted into glass. 
SEM'I-Vo'CAL, a. [semi and vocal.) Pertaining to a semi- 
vowel ; half vocal ; imperfectly sounding. 
SEM'I-VOW-EL, n. [semi and vowel.) In grammar, a half 
vowel, or an articulation which is accompanied with an 
imperfect sound, which may be continued at pleasure. 

DAVE —BULL, UNITE — AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as 



See Seamsteb, Seamstress, and Seam- 
stkessy. 



SEfMoULE' (sa-mool'). n: [Fr.J A name given to the large 

bard grains retained in the bolting-machine after the fine 

flour has been passed through it ; also written semolina, 

from the Italian.— TJre. 

SEM-PER-Vl'RENT, a. [L. semper and virens.) Always 

fresh ; evergreen. — Lee. 
SEM'PER-VlVE, n. [L. semper and vivus.) A plant. 
SEM-PI-TERN'AL, a. [Fr. sempitcrnel ; L. sempitemus.) 1. 
Eternal in futurity ; everlasting ; endless ; having begin- 
ning, but no end. 2. Eternal ; everlasting. 
SEM-PI-TERN'I-TY, n. [L. sempilernitas.] Future duration 

without end. — Hale. 
SEM'PRE. [It.] In music, throughout. 
SEMP'STER, 
SEMP'STRESS, 
SEMP'STRESS-Y. 
SEN, ladv. Since.— Spenser. This word is still used by 
SENS, 5 some.of our common people for since. 
SEN'A-RY, a. [L. seni, scnarius.) Of six ; belonging to six ; 

containing six. 
SEN'ATE, n. [Fr. senat ; It. senato ; Sp. senado ; L. senatus.) 
1. An assembly or council of senators ; a body of the prin- 
cipal inhabitants of a city or state, invested with a share 
in the government. — 2. In the United States, senate denotes 
the higher branch or house of a legislature. — 3. In the Uni- 
versity of Cambridge, England, the governing body of the 
university. It is divided into two Houses, denominated 
Regents (rcgentes) and Non-R.egents (non-rcgente*). The 
former consists of masters of arts of less than five years' 
standing and doctors of less than two, and is called the 
Upper House, or White Hood House, from its members 
wearing hoods lined with white silk. All other masters 
and doctors who keep their names on the college books 
are Non-Regents, and compose the Lower House, or 
Black Hood House, its members wearing black silk hoods. 
Cam. Calendar.— 4. In a looser ?ense, any legislative or de- 
liberative body of men. 

SEN'ATE-HOUSE, n. A house in which a senate meets, or 
a place of public council.— Shah. 

SEN'A-TOR, ?i. 1. A member of a senate. 2. A counselor 
a judgeor magistrate. — Ps. cv. 

SEN-A-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a senate ; becoming a 
senator. 2. Entitled to elect a senator ; as, a senatorial dis- 
trict ; [United States.) 

SEN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a senate ; with 
dignity or solemnity. 

t SEN-A-To'RI-AN, a. The same as senatorial. 

SEN'A-TOR-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of a senator. 

SE-NA'TUS -CONSUL' TUM. [L.] A decree of the senate 

SEND, v. t. ; pret. and pp. sent. [Sax. sendan ; Goth, san- 
dy an ; D. zenden ; G. senden ; Sw. sdnda ; Dan. sender.) 
1. In a general sense, to throw, cast, or thrust ; to impel 
or drive by force to a distance. 2. To cause to be con- 
veyed or transmitted, as a letter or message. 3. To cause 
to go or pass from place to place, as a messenger. 4. To 
commission, authorize, or direct to go and act. 5. To 
cause to come or fall ; to bestow, as rain. 6. To cause to 
come or fall ; to inflict, as famine or pestilence. 7. To 
propagate ; to diffuse, as music. Milton. — To send away, 
to dismiss ; to cause to depart ; to discharge' ; to dispatch. 
— To send forth or out. 1. To produce; to put or bring 
forth. 2. To emit, as odor or fragrance. 

SEND, v. i. 1. To dispatch an agent or messenger for some 
purpose. — 2. Among seamen, to pitch ; as, the ship sends 
forward violently so as to endanger her masts. Totten. — To 
sendfer, to request or require by message to come or be 
brought. 

tSEN'DAL, n. [Sp. cendal.) A light, thin stuff of silk or 
thread. — Chaucer. 

SEND'ER, n. One who sends.— Shah. 

SEN'E-GA, \ n. A plant called rattlesnake-root, the polygala 

SEN'E-KA, I senega. 

SEN'E-GAL. See Gum Senegal. 

SEN'E-GIN, n. The bitter acrid principle of polygala senega^ 
called senega or rattlesnake root. It is now known to be 
an acid, and has been called polygalic acid. 

SE-NES'CENCE, n. [L. senesco.) The state of growing old ; 
decay by time. — Woodward. 

- SEN'ES-CHAL (sen'e-shal), n. [Fr. senechal; It. siniscalco; 
Sp. senescal ; G. seneschall.) A steward ; an officer in the 
house of princes and dignitaries, who has the superintend- 
ance of feasts and domestic ceremonies. 

SEN'GREEN, n. A plant, the houseleek. 

SE'NlLE, a. [L. senilis.) Pertaining to old age; proceed-* 
ing from age. — Boyle. 

SE-NIL/I-TY, n. Old age.— Boswell. [Not much vsed.) 

SENIOR (seen'yur), a. [L. senior, comp. of senez.) 1. Eld- - 
er or older ; but, as an adjective, it usually signifies older 
in office. 2. Noting the fourth year of the collegiate 
course in American colleges, or the third year in theolog 
ical seminaries. 

SENIOR (seen'yur), n. 1. A person who is older than an- 
other ; one more advanced in life. 2. One who is oldop? 



K , G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.. 



SEN 



904 



SEN 



in office, or one whose first entrance upon an office was 
anterior to that of another. 3. An aged person ; one of 
the oldest inhabitants. 4. One in the fourth year of his 
collegiate course at an American college ; originally call- 
ed senior sophister. [See Sophister.1 Also, one in the 
Jhird year of his course at a theological seminary. 

SeN-IOR'I-TY (seen-yor'e-ty), n. 1. Eldership ; superior 
age ; priority of birth. 2. Priority in office. 

SeN'IOR-Y, n. The same as seniority. — Shaft. 

SEN'NA, n. [Pers., Ar.] The leaves of various species of 
cassia, the best of which are natives of the East ; used as 
a cathartic. 

SEN'NIGHT (sen'nit), n. [contracted from sevennight, as 
fortnight from fourteennight.] The space of seven nights 
and days ; a week. 

SEN'NIT, n. A flat braided cord formed by platting rope- 
yarns together. — Totten. 

SE-NOG'U-LAR, a. [L. sent and oculus.] Having six eyes. 
— Derham. 

SFNS'a-TFD \°" P erce i ye( i by the senses. 

SEN-Sa'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. sensazione ; Sp. se?isacion.] 1. In 
mental philosophy, an impression made upon the mind 
through the medium of the senses. It differs from per- 
ception, which is the knowledge of external objects conse- 
quent on sensation. 2. Feeling awakened by external ob- 
jects, or by some change in the internal state of the body ; 
as, a sensation of heaviness, &c. 3. Feeling awakened by 
immaterial objects ; as, sensations of awe in the divine pres- 
ence. 4. A state of excited interest or feeling ; as, " the 
sensation caused by the appearance of that work is still 
remembered by many."— Brougham. 

SENSE (sens), n. [Fr. sens ; It. senso ; L. sensus.] 1. The 
faculty by which animals perceive external objects by 
means of impressions made on certain organs of the body. 
— The five senses are, (1) special, as smell, sight, hearing, 
tasting ; (2) common, as feeling. 2. Sensation ; perception 
by the senses. 3. Perception by the intellect ; apprehen- 
sion ; discernment. 4. Sensibility ; quickness or acute- 
ness of perception. 5. Understanding; soundness of fac- 
ulties ; strength of natural reason. 6. Reason : reasona- 
ble or rational meaning. 7. Opinion ; notion ; judgment. 
8. Consciousness ; conviction. 9. Moral perception. 10. 
Meaning; import; signification. — Common sense. [See Com- 
mon Sense.]— Moral sense, a determination of the mind 
to be pleased with the contemplation of those affections, 
actions, or characters of rational agents which are called 
good or virtuous. 

f SENSED (senst), pp. Perceived by the senses.— Glanville. 

SENSE'FUL (sens'ful), a. Reasonable ; judicious. 

SENSE'LESS (sensies), a. 1. Wanting the faculty of per- 
ception. 2. Unfeeling ; wanting sympathy. 3. Unreason- 
able ; foolish ; stupid. 4. Unreasonable ; stupid ; acting 
without sense or judgment. 5. Contrary to reason or 
sound judgment. 6. Wanting knowledge ; unconscious. 
7. Wantirg sensibility or quick perception. 

SENSE'LESS-LY (sens'les-ly), adv. In a senseless manner ; 
stupidly ; unreasonably. 

SENSE'LESS-NESS (sensles-nes), n. Unreasonableness ; 
folly; stupidity; absurdity. — Grew. 

SENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. scnsibilite.] 1. Susceptibility of 
impressions upon the organs of sense ; the capacity of 
feeling or perceiving the impressions of external objects. 

2. Acuteness of sensation. 3. Capacity or acuteness of 
perception ; that quality which renders us susceptible of 
impressions ; delicacy of feeling. 4. Actual feeling. 5. It 
is sometimes used in the plural ; as, to wound one's sens- 
ibilities. 6. Nice perception, so to speak, of a balance ; 
that quality of a balance which renders it movable with 
the smallest weight — Lavoisier. 

SENS'I-BLE, a. [Fr., Sp. ; It. sensibile.] 1. Having the ca- 
pacity of receiving impressions from external objects ; ca- 
pable of perceiving by the instrumentality of the proper 
organs. 2. Perceptible by the senses. 3. Perceptible or 
perceived by the mind 4. Perceiving or having percep- 
tion, either by the mind or the senses. — Locke. 5. Having 
moral perception ; capah 'e of being affected by moral good 
or evil. 6. Having acute intellectual feeling ; being easily 
or strongly affected ; sensitive. 7. Perceiving so clearly 
as to be convinced ; satisfied ; persuaded. 8. Intelligent : 
discerning. 9. Moved by a very small weight or impulse. 
10. Affected by a slight degree of heat or cold. 11. Con- 
tain, ng good sense or sound reason. 

SENS'I-BLE, n. Sensation ; also, whatever may be per- 
ceived. [Little used.] 

SENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Possibility of being perceived by 
the senses. 2. Actual perception by the mind or body. 

3. Sensibility ; quickness or acuteness of perception. 4. 
Susceptibility ; capacity of being strongly affected, or 
actual feeling ; -consciousness. 5. Intelligence ; reason- 
ableness; good eense. 6. Susceptibility of slight impres- 
sions. 

SENS1-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to be perceived by the 



senses ; perceptibly to the senses. 2. With perceptiojl 
either of mind or body. 3. Externally ; by affecting the 
senses. 4. With quick intellectual perception. 5. With 
intelligence or good sense ; judiciously. 

SENS-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing sense.— Kirby. 

SENS-IFTC, a. [L. sensus and facio. ] Producing sensation* 
—Good. 

SENS'I-TIVE, a. [It., Sp. sensitivo ; Fr. sensitif; L. sensv 
tivus.] 1. Having sense or feeling, or having the capacity 
of perceiving impressions from external objects. 2. Hav- 
ing quick and acute sensibility, either to the action of ex- 
ternal objects, or to impressions upon the mind and feel- 
ings. 3. That affects the senses. 4. Pertaining to the 
senses, or to sensation ; depending on sensation. 

SENS'1-TIVE-PLANT, n. A plant of the genus mimosa, so 
called from the shrinking and contraction of its leaves on 
being touched. 

SENS'I-TlVE-LY, adv. In a sensitive manner. 

SENS'I-TlVE-NESS, n. The state of having quick and acute 
sensibility, either to the action of external objects, or to 
impressions upon the mind and feelings. 

SENS-o'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the sensory or sensorium. 

SENS-o'RI-UM, >tt. [from L. sensus, sentio.] 1. The seat 

SENS'O-RY, > of sense and perception, commonly sup- 
posed to be seated in some part of the contents of the 
cranium. 2. Organ of sense. 

SENS'U-AL (sens'yu-al), a. [It. sensuale ; Sp. sensual ; Fr. 
sensuei] 1. Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the 
mind or soul. — Pope. 2. Consisting in sense, or depending 
on it. 3. Affecting the senses, or derived from them. — 
Hence, 4. In theology, carnal ; pertaining to the flesh or 
body, in opposition to the spirit; not spiritual or holy; 
evil. — James, m. 5. Devoted to the gratification of sense ; 
given to the indulgence of the appetites; lewd; luxurious. 

SENS'U-AL-ISM, n. 1. The doctrine that all our ideas, or 
the operations of the understanding, not only originate in 
sensation, but are transformed sensations, copies or relief 
of sensation. — Condillac. 2. A state of subjection to sens 
ual feeling and appetite. 

SENS'U-AL-IST, n. A person given to the indulgence of 
the appetites or senses ; one who places his chief happi- 
ness in carnal pleasures. — Syn. Voluptuary ; epicure ; car- 
nalist; lecher. 

SENS-U-AL'I-TY, In. [It. sensualitd; Sp. sensualidad ; Fr. 

SENStf-AL-NESS, 5 sensualite.] Devotedness to the grat- 
ification of the bodily appetites ; free indulgence in carnal 
or sensual pleasures. 

SENS-U-AL-I-ZI'TION. n. The act of sensualizing; the 
state of being sensualized. 

SENS'U-AL-lZE, v. t. To make sensual ; to subject to tb.9 
love of sensual pleasure ; to debase by carnal gratifica- 
tions. 

SENSTJ-AL-IZ.ED, pp. Made sensual. 

SENS'U-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Subjecting to the love of sensual 
pleasure. 

SENS'U-AL-LY, adv. In a sensual manner. 

t SENStJ-OUS, a. Pertaining to sense ; feeling ; connected 
with sensible objects ; as, poetry is more simple, sensuous, 
and passionate. — Milton. 

SENT, pret. and pp. of send. 

SENTENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. sentenza ; Sp. sentencia.) 1. In 
law, a judgment pronounced by a court or judge upon a 
criminal ; a judicial decision publicly and officially de- 
clared in a criminal prosecution. — 2. In language not 
technical, a determination or decision given, particularly 
a decision that condemns on an unfavorable determina- 
tion. 3. An opinion ; judgment concerning a controverted 
point. — Acts, xv. 4. A maxim ; an axiom ; a short saying 
containing moral instruction. 5. Vindication of one's in- 
nocence. Ps. xvii., 2. — 6. In gramynar, a period ; a num- 
ber of words containing complete sense or a sentiment, 
and followed by a full pause. 

SENTENCE, v. t. 1. To pass or pronounce the judgment 
of a court on ; to doom ; to adjudge. 2. To condemn ; to 
doom to punishment. 

SENTENCED (sen'tenst), pp. Doomed ; condemned. 

SENTEN-CER, n. One who pronounces a sen tenet* — ' 
Southey. 

SENTEN-CING, ppr. Pronouncing the judgment of a 
court on. 

SENTENTIAL (-shal), a. 1. Comprising sentences.— Nevs 
come. 2. Pertaining to a sentence or full period.— Sheridan. 

SEN-TENTIA-RY, n. Formerly, one who read lectures or 
commented on the sentences of Peter Lombard, arch 
bishop of Paris, a school divine. — Henry, Brit. 

t SEN-TEN-TIOS'I-TY, n. Comprehension in a sentence. 

SENTENTIOUS (-shus), a, [Fr. sententieux ; It. sentmzioso.} 
1. Abounding with sentences, axioms, and maxims ; short 
and energetic. 2. Comprising sentences. 

SEN-TENTIOUS-LY, adv. In short, expressive periods , 
with striking brevity. — Broome. 

SENTENTIOUS-NESS, n. Pithiness of sentences ; brevity 
with strength. — Dryden. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, Sec, long.—*, E v I. &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE. BIRD ;— MOVE. BOOK. 



SEP 



905 



SEP 



SEN'TER-Y and SErtTRY are corrupted from sentinel 

SENTIENT (sen'shent), a. [L. sentiens.] That perceives; 
having the faculty of perception. 

SENTIENT (sen'shent), n. 1. A being or person that has 
the faculty of perception. 2. He who perceives. 

SENTIENT-LY, adv. In a sentient or perceptive manner. 

SENTI-MENT, n. [Fr. ; It. sentimento ; Sp. serttimiento.) 1. 
Properly, a thought prompted by passion or feeling. — 2. In 
a popular sense, thought ; opinion ; notion ; judgment ; 
the decision of the mind formed by deliberation or reason- 
ing. 3. The sense, thought, or opinion contained in words, 
but considered as distinct from them. 4. Sensibility ; 
feeling. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL, a. 1. Abounding with sentiment or just 
opinions or reflections. 2. Expressing quick intellectual 
feeling. 3. Affecting sensibility. 

SEN-TI-MENTAL-ISM, n. Sentimentality ; affectation of 
exquisite sensibility. — Withington. 

8EN-TI-MENTAL-IST, n. One who affects sentiment, fine 
feeling, or exquisite sensibility. 

SEN-TI-MENT-AL'I-TY, n. Affectation of fine feeling or 
exquisite sensibility. — Warton. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL-iZE, v. i. To affect exquisite sensibility. 

8EN-TI-MENTAL-LY, adv. With intellectual feeling or 
sensibility. 

8ENTI-NEL, n. [Fr. sentinelle ; It, Port, senlinella ; Sp. cent- 
inela.] In military affairs, a soldier set to watch or guard 
an army, camp, or other place from surprise, to observe 
the approach of danger and give notice of it. 

SENTI-NEL ED, a. Furnished with a sentinel. 

SENTRY, 7i. 1. A sentinel ; a soldier placed on guard. 2. 
Guard ■ watch ; the duty of a sentinel. 

SENTRY-BOX, n. A box to cover a sentinel at his post, 
and shelter him from the weather. 

SEN'ZA (senfsa). [It. ; Fr. sans.] Without. 

SEPAL, n. [from L. sepio.] In botany, a distinct part of 
that sort of calyx which is called a perianth. 

8EPA-LOID, a. Like a sepal, or distinct part of a perianth. 

SEP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being separable, or 
of admitting separation or disunion. 

SEPA-RA-RLE. a. [Fr. ; L. separdbilis.) That may be sep- 
arated, disjoined, disunited, or rent. 

8EPA-RA-BLE-NESS. n. The quality of being capable of 
separation or disunion. — Boyle. 

8EPA-RA-BLY, adv. In a separable manner. 

SEP'A-RaTE, v. t. [L. separo ; Fr. separer ; It. separare : Sp. 
separar.] 1. To part, in almost any manner, either things 
naturally or casually joined. 2. To set apart from a num- 
ber for a particular service. 3. To break up the connec- 
tion between ; as, to separate a married couple. 4. To 
make a space between. — Syn. To disunite ; disconnect ; 
disjoin ; divide ; sever ; sunder ; dispart ; detach ; disen- 
gage ; dissociate ; withdraw. 

SEP'A-RaTE, v. i. 1. To part ; to be disunited ; to be dis- 
connected ; to withdraw from each other. 2. To cleave ; 
to open. 

SEP'A-RATE, a. [L. separatus.] 1. Divided from the rest ; 
being parted from another. 2. Not connected or united. 
3. Disunited from the body ; as, a separate spirit. — Syn. 
Disconnected ; disjoined ; disunited ; detached ; separa- 
ted ; unconnected ; distinct ; different. 

SEP'A-RX-TED, pp. Divided ; parted ; disunited. 

SEP'A-RATE-LY, adv. In a separate or unconnected state ; 
apart ; distinctly ; singly. 

SEP'A-RATE-NESS, n. The state of being separate. 

SEP-A-RATTG-AL, a. Pertaining to separation in religion. 
— Dicight. 

SEP'A-Ra-TING, ppr. Dividing ; disjoining ; putting or driv- 
ing asunder ; disconnecting ; decomposing. 

SEP-A-RaTION, n. [Fr. ; L. separatio ; It. separazione; Sp. 
separacion.] 1. The act of separating, severing, or discon- 
necting; disjunction. 2. The state of being separate ; dis- 
union ; disconnection. 3. The operation of disuniting or 
decomposing substances ; chemical analysis. 4. Divorce ; 
disunion of married persons. 

SEPA-RA-TISM, n. The act of separating ; disposition to 
withdraw from a church ; a practice of withdrawing. 

SEPA-Ra-TIST, n. [Fr. separatists] One who withdraws 
from a church, or, rather, from an established church, to 
which he has belonged ; a dissenter ; a seceder ; a schis- 
matic ; a sectary. 

3EPA-RA-TOR, n. One who divides or disjoins ; n divider. 

SEP'A-RA-TO-RY, a. That separates.— Chey we. [Rare.] 

SEP'A-RA-TO-RY, n. A chemical vessel for separating 
liquors ; and a surgical instrument for separating the peri- 
cranium from the cranium. 

SE-PAWN', }n. A species of food consisting of meal of 

SE-PON', 3 maize boiled in water. 

t SEP'E-LI-BLE, a. [L. sepelio.] That may be buried.— 
Bailey. 

Se'PI-A, n. [Gr. cv-nia, onrvn.] 1. A term comprehending 
several genera of cephalopodous mollusca ; also applied 
to an individual genus of the group. The animals are 



usually called cuttle-fish, and most of them have an intern 

al sac containing a natural ink. 2. A pigment prepared 

from the ink of the sepia or cuttle-fish. — Urc. 
SEF'I-MENT, n. [L. scpimcntum.] A hedge; a fence; some- 
thing that separates or defends. 
tSE-PoSE' (se-poze'), v. t. [L. sepono, sepositus.] To set 

apart. — Donne. 
t SEP-0-Si"TION (-zish'un), n. The act of setting apart , 

segregation. 
Sk'POY, n. [Pers. sipahi ; Hindoo sepahai.] A native of 

India, employed as a soldier in the service of European 

powers. 
SEP'PI-A, n. See Sepia. 
SEPS, n. [L.] A genus of saurian reptiles, sometimes called 

serpent-lizards, found in the East Indies, Cape of Good 

Hope, and on the coasts of the Mediterranean. 
SEPT, n. A clan, race, or family from a common progeni 

tor ; used of the races or families in Ireland. — Spenser. 
SEPTA, n. ; pi. of Septum, which see. 
SEPT-AN"GU-LAR (-ang/gu-lar), a. [L. septcm and angulus.] 

Having seven angles. 
SEP-Ta'RI-UM, n. ; pi. Septahia. [L. septa.] A name given 

to flattened, imbedded nodules of clay or marl ; also, to 

similar nodules intersected by seams. — Dana. 
SEP-TEM'BER, n. [L. septem ; Fr. septcmbre; It. scttembre , 

Sp. septiembre.] The seventh month from March, which 

was formerly the first month of the year. September is 

now the ninth month of the year. 
SEP TEM'BRIST, n. A name given to the agents in the 

massacre in Paris, September 2, 1792. 
SEP-TEM'PAR-TlTE, a. Divided nearly to the base into 

seven parts. 
SEPTEN-A-RY, a. [Fr. sept en aire ; It. scttcnario ; Sp. septen- 

ario ; L. septenarius.] Consisting of seven. 
SEPTEN-A-RY, n. The number seven.— Burnet. 
SEP-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. septennis.] 1. Lasting or continuing 

seven years. 2. Happening or returning once every sev- 
en years. 
SEP-TEN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in seven yea/3. 
SEP-TENTRI-ON, n. [Fr. ; L. septcnlrio.) The north oi 

northern regions. — Shak. 
SEP-TENTRI-ON, \a. [L. septentrionalis.] Northern; 
SEP-TENTRI-ON-AL, j pertaining to the north. 
SEP-TEN-TRI-ON-AL'I-TY, n. Noftheriiness. 
SEP-TENTRI-ON-AL-LY, adv. Northerly ; toward the 

north. 
SEP-TENTRI-ON- ITE, v. i. To tend northerly.— Brown. 
SEPTFOIL, n. [L. septem and folium.] A plant, the tor- 

mentilla or tormentil. 
SEPTIC, I a. [Gr.oniTTiKoS.] Having power to promote 
SEPTIC- AL, J putrefaction. 
SEPTIC, n. A substance that promotes the putrefaction oi 

bodies.— Encyc. 
SEP-TI-Cl'DAL, n. [L. septum, a partition, and cado, to cut 

or divide.] A septicidal dehiscence of a pericarp is that 

which takes place between the laminas of the dissepiment 

— Lindlei/. 
SEP-TIC'I-TY, 72. Tendency to putrefaction.— Fourcroy. 
SEP-TI-Fa'RI-OUS, a. Having seven different ways. 
SEP-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. septum and fero.] Bearing septa. 

See Septum. 
SEP-TIF'LU-OUS, a. Flowing in seven streams. 
SEP-TI-Fo'LI-OUS. a. Having seven leaves. 
SEPTI-FORM, a. Having seven forms. 
SEP-TIF'RA-GAL, a. [L. septum., a partition, and frango, to 

break.] A scptifragal dehiscence of a pericarp occurs when 

the dissepiments adhere to the axis, and separate from 

the valves. 
SEP-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. septem and lotus.] Having seven 

sides. — Brown. 
SEP-TIL'LION (-til'yun), n. According to the English no- 
tation, the number expressed by a unit with 42 ciphers 

annexed ; according to the French notation, a unit with 24 

ciphers annexed. 
SEP-TIN'SU-LAR, a. [L. septem and insula,] Consisting ot 

seven isles ; as, the septinsular rf public. — Quart. Rev. 
SEP TON, n. [Gr. on™, to putrefy.] That which promotes 

putrefaction. 
SEP-TU-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Fr. septva gen aire; L. septuagena- 

rius.] Consisting of seventy. — Brown. 
SEP-TU-A-GEN-a'RI-AN, ) n. A person seventy years of 
SEP-TU-Ag'EN-A-R'Y, 3 age. 
SEP-TU-A-gES'I-MA, n. [L. septi/asrcsbnus.} The third Sua 

day before Lent, or before Quadragesima Sunday. 
SEP-TU-A-GES'I-MAL, a. Consisting of seventy. 
SEPTU-A-gINT, n. [L. septuaginia.] A Greek version of 

the Old Testament, so called because it was said to be the 

work of seventy, or, rather, of seventy-two interpreters, 

about 270 or 280 years before Christ. 
SEPTU-A-GINT, a. Pertaining to the Septuagint ; contained 

in the Greek copy of the Old Testament. 
SEPTU-A-RY, n. [L. septem.] Something composed of 

seven ; a week. — Cole. [Little used.] 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K : 4 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SKLt 



906 



SEK 



SEP'TUM, ?t. ; pi. Septa. [L.J 1. In botany, a partition that 

separates the cells of the fruit. — 2. In anatomy, a partition 

which separates two cavities. 
BEP l'U-PLE, a. [Low L. septuplex.] Seven-fold. 
SE-PUL'€HRAL, a. [L. sepulchralis.] Pertaining to burial, 

to the grave, or to monuments erected to the memory of 

the dead. 
SEP'UL-CHER, > n. [Fr. sepulchre ; Sp., Port, sepulcro ; It. 
SEP'UL-CHRE, > sepolcro ; L. sepulchrum.] A grave ; a 

tomb ; the place in which the dead body of a human being 

is interred. 
SEP'UL-CHER, ) , „, . ,. . ' 

SEPTJL-CHRE \ v ' bury ' to mter ' to entomb - 

SEP'UL-CHEr!eD, > _. .. , . . . 

^EP'UL-CHRED \PP' or a - Deposited in a sepulchre. 

SEP'UL-TURE, n. [Fr. ; L. sepultura.] The act of deposit- 
ing the dead body of a human being in the grave. — Syn. 
Burial ; interment ; entombment ; inhumation. 

SE-QUa'CIOUS (se-kwa'shus), a. [L. sequax.] 1. Following, 
attendant. 2. Ductile ; pliant ; [little used.] 

SE-QUa'CIOUS-NESS, n. State of being sequacious ; dis- 
position to follow. — Taylor. 

SE-QUAC'I-TY, n. 1. A following, or disposition to follow. 
2. Ductility ; pliableness. — Bacon ; [little used.] 

SE'QUEL, n. [Fr. sequelle ; L., It., Sp. sequela.] 1. That 
which follows ; a succeeding part. 2. That which results 
or is consequent. 3. Consequence inferred ; consequen- 
tialness ; [rare.] — Syn. Consequence ; event ; issue ; re- 
sult ; upshot ; conclusion ; close ; end. 

Se'QUENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sequens.] 1. A following, or that 
which follows ; a consequent. 2. Order of succession. 3. 
Series ; arrangement ; method. — 4. In music, a regular 
alternate succession of similar chords. — 5. In the Roman 
Catholic diurch, a hymn introduced in the mass on certain 
festival days, and recited or sung immediately before the 
Gospel, and after the gradual or introit. — Bishop Fitzpat- 
rick. 

Se'QUENT, a. 1. Following; succeeding. 2. Consequen- 

\ tial ; [little used.] 

t Se'QUENT, n. A follower.— Shak. 

SE-QUENTIAL-LY, adv. In succession. 

6E-QUES'TER, v. t. [Fr. sequestrer ; It. sequestrare ; Sp. se- 
questrar ; Low L. sequestro.] 1. To separate from the 
owner for a time ; to seize or take possession of some 
property which belongs to another, and hold it till the 
profits have paid the demand for which it is taken. 2. To 
take from parties in controversy and put into the posses- 
sion of an indifferent person. 3. To put aside ; to remove ; 
to separate from other things. — 4. To sequester one's self, to 
separate one's self from society ; to withdraw or retire. 
5. To cause to retire or withdraw into obscurity. 

SE-QUES'TER, v. i. To decline, as a widow, any concern 
with the estate of a husband. 

3E-QUESTER.ED, pp. or a. Seized and detained for a 
time, to satisfy a demand ; separated ; secluded .; private. 

SE-QUES'TER-ING, ppr. Seizing or taking possession of 
the property of another for a time to satisfy a claim ; re- 
moving ; separating ; secluding. 

SE-QUES'TRA-BLE, a. That may be sequestered or sepa- 
rated ; subject or liable to sequestration. 

SE-QUES'TRaTE, v. t. To sequester. 

SE-QUES-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of taking a thing from 
parties contending for it, and intrusting it to an indifferent 
person. — 2. In the civil law, the act of the ordinary, dis- 
posing of the goods and chattels of one deceased, whose 
estate no one will meddle with. 3. The act of taking 
property from the owner for a time, till the rents, issues, 
and profits satisfy a demand. 4. The act of seizing the 
estate of a delinquent for the use of the state. 5. Separa- 
tion ; retirement ; seclusion from society. 6. State of 
being separated or set aside. 7. Disunion ; disjunction ; 
[obs.] 

* SE-QUES-TRa'TOR, n. 1. One who sequesters property, 
or takes the possession of it for a time, to satisfy a demand 
out of its rents or profits. 2. One to whom the keeping of 
sequestered property is committed. 
Se'QUIN, n. A gold coin of Italy and Turkey. The aver- 
age value, in Italy, is 9s. 5d. sterling, or about $2 20 ; in 
Turkey, the sequin fonducli is valued at 7s. Id. sterling, or 
about $1 75. — Kelly. See Zechin. 
SE-RAGL'IO (se-ral'yo), n. [Fr. serail ; Sp. serrallo ; It. ser- 
raglio.] The palace of the grand seignior or Turkish 
sultan, or the palace of a prince. One part of the palace 
contains the women ; and hence, seraglio has often, though 
improperly, been confounded with harem, and is some- 
times used to signify a house of women kept for debauch- 
ery. — Smart. 
SE-RaI', n. In India and Tartary, a place for the accom- 
modation of travelers ; a Mohammedan name of the chol- 
try or rest-house. — Malcom. 
SER'APH (ser'af ), n. ; pi. Seraphs ; but sometimes the He- 
brew plural, Seraphim, is used, [from Heb. tpTD, to burn.] 
An angel of the highest order. 



SE-RAPH'IC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to a seraph ; angelie 

SE-RAPH'IC-AL, J sublime. 2. Pure ; refined from sens 
uality. 3. Burning or inflamed with love or zeal. 

SE-RAPH'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a seraph. 

SER'A-PHIM (-fim), n. [The Hebrew plural of seraph.] An- 
gels of the highest order in the celestial hierarchy. 

SER'A-PHlNE, In. [from seraph.] A keyed wind instru 

SER-A-PHl'NA, ) ment, the tones of which are generated 
by the play of wind upon metallic reeds, as in the accord- 
ion. It consists, like the organ, of a key -board, wind-chest, 
and bellows. — E. T. Fitch. 

SE-Ra'PIS, n. [L. and Gr.] An Egyptian deity.- Brands. 

SE-RAS'KiER (se-ras'keer), n. A Turkish general or com- 
mander of land forces. 

SeRE, a. Dry ; withered ; usually written sear 

t SeRE, n. A claw or talon. — Chapman. 

SER-E-NaDE', n. [Fr. ; It., Sp. serenata.] 1. Properly, mu 
sic performed in the open air on a serene night ; hence, it 
is usually applied to musical entertainments given in the 
night, especially by gentlemen in a spirit of gallantry un- 
der the windows of ladies.— Brandc. 2. Also, a song com 
posed for such an occasion. — Encyc. 

SER-E-NaDE', v. t. To entertain with nocturnal music 

SER-E-NaDE', v. i. To perform nocturnal music. 

SE-Re'NA GUTTA. See Gutta Serena. 

SER-E-Na'TA, n. A piece of vocal music on an amorous 
subject. — Busby. 

SE-ReNE', a. [Fr. serein; It, Sp. sereno ; L. sereuus.] ±. 
Clear or fair, and calm. 2. Bright. — Pope. 3. Calm ; un 
ruffled ; tranquil ; undisturbed. 4. A title given to severa/ 
princes and magistrates in Europe. 

t SE-ReNE', n. A cold, damp evening. — Ben Joiison. 

SE-ReNE', v. t. 1. To make clear and calm ; to quiet, X. 
To clear ; to brighten. — Philips. 

SFReNE'LY, adv. 1. Calmly; quietly. — Pope. 2. With 
unruffled temper ; coolly.- -Prior. 

SE-RkNE'NESS, n. The state of being serene ; serenity. 

t SE-REN'I-TUDE, n. Calmness.— Wotton. 

SE-REN'I-TY, n. [Fr. sercnite ; L. serenitas.] 1. Clearness 
and calmness. 2. Calmness ; quietness ; stillness ; peace. 
3. Calmness of mind ; evenness of temper ; undisturbed 
state ; coolness. 4. A title of respect or courtesy. 

SERF, n. [Fr. serf; L. servus.] A servant or slave employed 
in husbandry, and, in some countries, attached to the soil 
and transferred with it. 

SERF'DoM, n. The state or condition of serfs.— Lyell. 
[Serfage is less proper.] 

SERGE, n. [Fr. serge ; Sp. xerga.] A woolen twilled stuff, 
manufactured in a loom with four treddles, after the man- 
ner of ratteens. — Silk serge is a twilled silk fabric, used 
mostly by the tailors for lining parts of gentlemen's coats. 
— Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

SERgE'-MaK-ER, n. A manufacturer of serges. 

SER'GEAN-CY, n. The office of a sergeant-at-law.— Hackeu 

SER'GEANT (in England, sar'jent), n. [Fr. sergcnt ; It. scr~ 
gente; Sp., Port, sargento.] 1. Formerly, an officer in 
England, nearly answering to the more modern bailiff of 
the hundred ; also, an officer whose duty was to attend 
on the king, and on the lord high steward in court, to ar- 
rest traitors and other offenders. — 2. In military affairs, a 
non-commissioned officer, who instructs recruits in disci- 
pline, forms the ranks, &c. — 3. In England, a lawyer of 
the highest rank, and answering to the doctor of the civil 
law. 4. A title sometimes given to the king's servants. 

SER'gEANT-AT-aRMS, n. In legislative bodies, an officer 
who executes the commands of the body in preserving 
order and punishing offenses. — Brande. 

SER'gEANT-Ma'JOR, n. A non-commissioned officer who 
acts as assistant to the adjutant. — Brande. 

SERGEANT- Y (in England, sar'jent-y), n. In England, ser- 
geanty is of two kinds, grand sergcanty and petit sergcanty. 
Grand sergeanty is a particular kind of knight-service, a 
tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some special 
honorary service to the king in person. — Petit sergcanty 
was a tenure by which the tenant was bound to render 
to the king, annually, some small implement of war, as 
a bow. 
SER'gEANT-SHIP (in England, sar'jent-ship), n. The office 

of a sergeant. 
Se'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a series ; consisting of a series. 
SE'RI-ALS, n.pl. Tales or other writings commenced in 
one number of a periodical work, and continued in suc- 
cessive numbers. 
SE-RlA'TIM. [L.] In regular order. 

SE-Rl"CEOUS (se-rish'us), a. [L. sericus.] Pertaining to 
silk.; consisting of silk; silky.— In botany and zoology, cov 
eredwith very soft hairs pressed close to the surface. 
Se'RIeS, n. [L.] 1. A continued succession of things in tha 
same order, and bearing the same relation to each other. 
2. Succession of things ; as, a series of misfortunes. — 3. lc 
natural history, an order or subdivision of some class c' 
natural bodies. — 4. In arithmetic and algebra, a numberot 
terms in succession, increasing -or diminishing according 



See Synopsis. I. £, 1, &c, Icmg.—l, e, I, &c, short..— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



SER 



907 



SER 



10 a certain law. — Syn. Sequence ; order ; course ; train ; 
consecution ; chain ; concatenation. 

3e'RI-ATE, a. Arranged in a series or success] on. 

3e'RI-ATE-LY, adv. In a regular series. 

SER'IN, n. [Fr.] A song bird of the finch family, found in 
the central parts of Europe, resembling in its habits the 
canary bird.— Partington. 

Se'RI-0-COMTG. \ a. Having a mixture of seriousness 

Se'RI-0~€OM'I€-AL, $ and sport. 

Se'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. serieux ; Sp. serio ; It. serio, serioso ; L. 
serins.] 1. Characterized by gravity in manner or dispo- 
sition ; not light, gay, or volatile. 2. Really intending 
what is said ; being in earnest ; not jesting or making a 
false pretense. 3. Of weight or importance ; not trifling. 
4. Particularly attentive to religious concerns or one'6 own 
religious state. Wilberforce. — Syn. Grave; solemn; so- 
ber ; thoughtful ; considerate ; sedate , reflecting ; weighty ; 
jmportant; momentous. 

Se'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Gravely ; solemnly ; in earnest ; with- 
out levity ; in an important degree. 

SE'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Gravity of manner or of mind ; 
solemnity. 2. Earnest attention, particularly to religious 
concerns. 

SER'JEANT, n. See Sergeant. 

f SER-MOC-IN-ITION, n. Speech-making.— Peacham. 

\ SER-MOC-IN-A'TOR, n. One who makes sermons or 
speeches. 

SER'MON, n. [Fr. ; L. sermo.] 1. A discourse delivered in 
public by a clergyman for the purpose of religious instruc- 
tiqn. 2. A printed discourse. 

SER'MON, v. t. 1. To discourse as in a sermon ; [rare.] 2. 
To tutor ; to lesson ; to teach. — Skak. ; [rare.] 

SEE/MON, v. i. To compose or deliver a sermon. [Rare.] 

t SER1VION-ING, n. Discourse ; instruction ; advice. — 
Chaucer. 

SER'MON-ISH, a. Resembling a sermon. 

SER'MON-lZE, v. i. 1. To preach.—^. Nicholson. 2. To 
inculcate rigid rules. — Chesterfield. 3. To make sermons ; 
to compose or write a sermon or sermons. 

SER'MQN-IZ-ER, n. One who composes sermons ; [Am.] 

SER'MON-IZ-ING, ppr. Preaching ; inculcating rigid pre- 
cepts ; composing sermons. 

SER'MON-lZ-ING, n. The act of composing sermons ; the 
act of preaching sermons. — Ash.' 

SER'MOUNT-AIN, n. A plant of the laserwort kind, laser- 
pitium siler, sometimes called seseli. 

SE-R5N', In. [Sp. seron.] A quantity; a bale or package 

SE-ROON', ) made of skin or leather for holding drugs, 
&c. — Brande. 

SE-ROS'I-TY, n. [Fr. serosite.] A fluid obtained from the 
coagulated serum of the blood. — Vre. 

SER'O-TiNE, n. A species of bat found in Europe. 

BE'ROUS, a. [Fr. sereux.] 1. Thin; watery; like whey. 
2. Pertaining to serum. — Arbuthnot. 

SER'PENT, n. [L. serpens.] 1. A snake ; a name given to 
ophidian reptiles without feet. Their bodies are very 
elongated, and move by means of the folds they form when 
in contact with the ground. The term is also applied less 
widely to such ophidian reptiles as have no sternum and 
no vestige of a shoulder, &c. — 2. In astronomy, a constella- 
tion represented as a serpent held by Ophiucus or Ser- 
pentarius. 8. A wind instrument of music, serving as a 
base to the horns or cornets, so called from its form. — 4. 
Figuratively, a subtile or malicious person. — 5. In mytholo- 
gy, a symbol of the sun. — Encyc. 

SER'PENT, a. Serpent stones or snake stones, fossil shells of 
different sizes, found in strata of stones and clays. — Encyc. 

SER'PENT-€fJ'€UM-BER, n. A plant. 

SER'PENT-EAT'ER, n. An African bird that preys on ser- 
pents. 

SER'PENT-FISH, n. A fish of the genus cepola, with a body 
of a ribbon-like and compressed form, and a band of red 
running lengthwise. 

SERPENT-LlKE, a. Like a serpent. 

SER'PENT'S-ToNGUE (-rung), n. 1. A plant; adder's 
tongue. 2. A name given to'the fossil teeth of a species of 
shark, because they resemble tongues with their roots. — 
Booth. 

SER-PEN-Ta'RI-A, n. The specific name of numerous 
plants that have been reputed to be remedial of snake- 
bites; as, aristolochia serpentaria, prenanthes serpentaria, 
&c. 
SER-PEN-Ta'RI-US, n. [L.] A constellation in the northern 

hemisphere, also called Ophiucus. 
SER-PENT'I-FORM, a. Having the form „f a serpent.— 

Kirby. 
3ER,-PEN-TIg'E-NOUS, a. Bred of a serpent. 
SER'PEN-TlNE, a. [L. serpentinus.] 1. Resembling a ser- 
pent; usually, winding or turning one way and the other 
like amoving serpent; anfractuous. 2. Spiral; twisted. 
3. Like a serpent ; having the color or properties of a ser- 
pent.— Serpentine tongue, in the manege. A horse is said 
to have a serpentine tongue when he is constantly moving 



it, and sometimes passing it over the bit. Encyc- -Ser 
pentine verse, a verse which begins and ends with the 
same word. 

SERTEN-TiNE, v. i. To wind like a serpent ; to meander. 

SER'PEN-TlNE, )n. A species of magnesian stone, 

SER'PEN-TlNE-SToNE, J usually green, and often spot- 
ted like a serpent's back. 

SER'PEN-TlNE-LY, adv. In a serpentine manner. 

SER'PENT-lZE, v. i. To wind ; to turn or bend, first in 
one direction and then in the opposite ; to meander. 

SER'PENT-RY, n. A winding like that of the serpent. 

t SER'PET, n. A basket.— Ainsworth. 

SER-PlG'IN-OUS, a. [L. serpigo.] Affected with serpigo. 

* SER-Pl'GO, n. [L.] An exploded name of herpes circin- 
atus, or ringworm. 

SER-Pu'LI-DANS, In. pi. Animals of the order annelida, 

SER-Pu'LE-ANS, ) forming calcareous tubes which twine 
round and cover stones, shells, &c. — Kirby. 

SeR'PU-LiTE, n. A petrified shell or fossil of the genus 
serpula. — Jameson. 

t SERR, v. t. [Fr. server ; Sp., Port, cerrar.] To crowd, 
press, or drive together. — Bacon. 

SERRATE, ^ a. [L. serratus.] Notched on the edge like 

SER'Ra-TED, $ a saw. 

SER-Ra'TION, n. Formation in the shape of a saw. 

SER'RA-TURE, n. A notching in the edge of any thing, 
like a saw. — Martyn. 

SER'RIiD (-rid), pp. or a. Crowded ; compacted ; as, ser- 
ried files. 

SER'ROUS, a. Like the teeth of a saw ; irregular. [Rare ] 

SER'RU-LaTE, I a. Finely serrate ; having'miriute notch 

SER'RU-Li-TED, $ es. 

t SER'RY, v. t. [Fr. server.] To crowd ; to press together.— 
Milton. 

Se'RUM, n. [L.] 1. The thin, transparent part of the blood. 
It is analogous to albumen. 2. The thin part of milk; 
whey. 

SER'VAL, n. A carnivorous quadruped of the cat kind, a 
native of South Africa. 

SERVANT, n. [Fr. ; L. servans.] 1. A domestic or menial ; 
a pex-son who attends another for the purpose of perform- 
ing menial offices for him, or who is employed by another 
for such offices or for other labor, and is subject to his 
command. The word is correlative to master. Servant 
differs from slave, as the servant's subjection to a master 
is voluntary, the slave's is not. Every slave is a servant, 
but every servant is not a slave. 2. One in a state of sub- 
jection. — 3. In Scripture, a slave ; a bondman. 4. The sub- 
ject of a king. — 2 Sam., viii. 5. A person who voluntarily 
serves another or acts as his minister. — Is., xlii. 6. A per- 
son employed or used as an instrument in accomplishing 
God's purposes. 7. One who yields obedience to another. 
8. That which yields obedience, or acts in subordination, 
as an instrument. — Ps. cxix. 9. One who makes painful 
sacrifices in compliance with the weakness or wants of 
others. — 1 Cor., ix. 10. A person of base condition or ig- 
noble spirit. — Eccles., x. 11. A word of civility. — Swift. 

t SERVANT, v. t. To subject.— Skak. 

SERVE (serv), v. t. [Fr. servir ; It. servire ; Sp. servir ; L. 
servio.] 1. To work for ; to bestow the labor of body and 
mind in the employment of another. 2. To act as the 
minister of; to perform official duties to ; as, to serve one's 
king. 3. To attend at command ; to wait on. 4. To yield 
obedience servilely or meanly ; as, to serve mammon. 5. 
To supply with food ; as, others are served in plate. — 
Dryden. 6. To be subservient or subordinate to. 7. To 
perform the- duties required in ; as, the curate served two 
churches. — Johnson. 8. To perfoi-m duties in the employ- 
ment of; as, to serve the king in a war. 9. To be sufficient 
to, or promotive of; as, to serve one's end or object. 10. 
To give assistance to by good offices. 11. To comply with; 
to submit to; as, to serve the time. — Hooker. 12. To be 
sufficient for; to satisfy; to content; as, it serves one for 
a dinner. 13. To be in the place of any thing to one ; as, 
a tent serves him for a dwelling. 14. To treat ; to requite ; 
as, to serve one ungratefully. — 15. In Scripture and theology, 
to render obedience and worship ; to act in conformity to 
the law of a superior, and treat him with due reverence. — 
16. In a bad sense, ie i-ender obedience to ; to yield com- 
pliance or act according to. 17. To worship ; to render 
homage to. 18. To he a slave to; to be in bondage to. 
Gen. xv. — 19. To serve one's self of, to use ; to make use of; 
a Gallicism, [se servir de.] 20. To use ; to manage : to ap- 
ply; as, to serve the artillery in a battle. 21. To place on 
the table in dishes (for serve up) ; as, to serve dinner. — 22. 
In seamen's language, to serve a rope is to wind something, 
as spun yarn, &c, tight round it, to prevent friction. — 
Totten. 
To serve up, to prepare and present in a dish. — To serve out 
to distribute in portions. — To serve a writ, to read it to the 
defendant; or to leave an attested copy at his usual plact 
of abode. — To serve an attachment, or writ of attachment, tc 
levy it on the person or goods by seizure ; or to seize.- 



T)6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; T as in this, t Obsolete 



SES 



908 



SET 



To serve an execution, to levy it on lands, goods, or person, 
by seizure or taking possession. — To serve a warrant, to 
lead it, and to seize the person against whom it is issued. 
— To serve an office, to discharge a public duty. — Syn. To 
obey ; minister to ; subserve ; promote ; aid ; help ; assist ; 
benefit ; succor. 
SERVE (serv), v. i. 1. To be a servant or slave. 2. To be 
employed in labor or other business for another.— Gen., 
xxix. 3. To be in subjection. — Is., xliii. 4. To wait ; to 
attend ; to perform domestic offices to another. — Luke, x. 

5. To perform duties, as in the army, navy, or in any office. 

6. To answer ; to accomplish the end. 7. To be sufficient 
for a purpose. 8. To suit ; to be convenient. 9. To con- 
duce ; to be of use. 10. To officiate or minister ; to do 
the honors of. 

SERVjBD, pp. Attended ; waited on ; worshiped ; levied. 

SERVICE (serv'is), n. [Fr. ; It servizio ; Sp. servicio; L. 
servitium.] 1. In a general sense, labor of body, or of body 
and mind, performed at the command of a superior, or in 
pursuance of duty, or for the benefit of another. 2. The 
business of a servant; menial office. 3. Attendance of a 
servant. 4. Place of a servant; actual employment of a 
servant. 5. Any thing done by way of duty to a superior. 
&. Attendance on a superior. 7. Profession of respect ut- 
tered or sent ; as, " do my service to his majesty." — Shah. 
8. Actual duty ; that which is required to be done in an 
office. 9. That which God requires of man ; worship ; 
obedience. 10. Employment; business; office. 11. Use; 
purpose. 12. Military duty by land or sea ; also, the period 
of such duty. 13. A military achievement. — Shah. 14. 
Useful office ; advantage conferred ; benefit, avail, or utility. 
15. Favor.— Skak. 16. The duty which a tenant owes to 
his lord for his fee. 17. Public worship, or office of devo- 
tion. 18. A musical church composition, consisting of 
choruses, trios, duets, solos, &c. 19. The official duties of 
a minister of the Gospel, as in church, at a funeral, mar- 
riage, &c. 20. Course ; order of dishes at table. 21. Ves- 
sels used at table ; as, a service of silver plate. — 22. In sea- 
men's language, the materials used for serving a rope, as 
spun yarn, small lines, &c. 23. A tree and its fruit, of the 
genus pyrrus or sorbus. The fruit, like the medlar, is not 
eaten until in a state of decay. — To see service, in military 
language, implies to come into actual contact with the 
enemy. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

SERVICE-BOOK, n. A prayer-book or missal.— Milton. 

SERVICE-A-BLE, a. 1. That does service ; that promotes 
happiness, interest, advantage, or any good ; useful ; bene- 
ficial; advantageous. 2. Capable of, or fit for military 
duty. — Campbell' s Mil. Diet. 3. Active; diligent; officious. 
Skak. ; [rare.] 

SERVICE-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Usefulness in promoting 
good of any kind ; beneficialness. 2. Officiousness; readi- 
ness to do service. — Sidney. 

SERV'ICE-A-BLY, a. In a serviceable manner. 

t SERV'I-ENT, a. [L. serviens.] Subordinate.— Dyer. 

SERVILE, a. [Fr. ; L. servilis.] 1. Such as pertains to a 
servant or slave ; slavish ; mean ; such as proceeds from 
dependence. 2. Held in subjection ; dependent. 3. Cring- 
ing; fawning; meanly submissive.- -4. In grammar, not 
belonging to the original root ; as, a servile letter. 

SERVILE, n. In grammar, a letter which forms no part of 
the original root ; opposed to radical. 

SERV'ILE-L Y, adv. 1. Meanly ; slavishly ; with base submis- 
sion or obsequiousness. 2. With base deference to another. 

SERV'ILE-NESS, >«. Slavery; the condition of a slave 

SER-VIL'I-TY, > or bondman. 2. Mean submission; 
baseness; slavishness. 3. Mean obsequiousness; slavish 
deference. 

SERVING, ppr. Working for ; acting in subordination to ; 
worshiping ;_also, performing duties. 

SERVING-MaID, n. A female servant; a menial. 

SERVTN G-MAN, n. A male servant ; a menial. 

SERV'I-TOR, n. [It. servitore ; Sp. servidor ; Fr. serviteur.] 
1. A servant; an attendant. 2. One who acts under an- 
other ; a follower or adherent. 3. One who professes duty 
and obedience. Shak. — 4. In the University of Oxford, an 
under-graduate, who is partly supported by the college 
funds ; corresponding to sizar at Cambridge. They for- 
merly waited at table, but this is now dispensed with. — 
Brande. 

SERVI-TOR-SHIP, n. The office or situation of a servitor. 

SERV'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. servitudo.] 1. The condition of 
a slave ; the state of involuntary subjection to a master ; 
slavery ; bondage. 2. The state of a servant. 3. The 
condition of a conquered country. 4. A state of slavish 
dependence. 5. Servants, collectively ; [obs.] 

SES'A-ME, In. [Fr. sesame; It. sesamo ; L. sesama.] Oily 

SES'A-MUM, ) grain ; names given to annual herbaceous 
plants of the genus sesamum, from the seeds of which an 
oil is expressed. Bene is a species of sesamum. 

BES'A-MOID, la. [Gr. orinaw and cio~os.] Terms applied 

SES-A-MOID'AL, > to the small bones found at the articu- 
lations of the great toes, and sometimes in other parts. 



SES'BAN, n. [Ar.] A leguminous plant, a species of sesoo 
bania or aeschynomene. 

SES'E-LI, n. [L., Gr.] A genus of plants ; meadow saxi- 
frage ;_hartwort.— Encyc. 

SES'QUl, 7i. [L. one and a half.] In chemistry, much used 
as a prefix to the names of certain compounds, to denote 
that they consist of one equivalent and a half of the acidi 
fying and basifying principle, or of the acid, to one equiv- 
alent of the other element or proximate principle, or, 
rather, of three equivalents of the former and two of the 
latter. — Sesquidupli [L. sesquiduplus] is sometimes used 
in the same manner, to denote the proportions of two and 
a half to one, or, rather, of five to two. 

SES-QUI-AL'TER, n. [L.] The name of a stop on the or 
gan, containing three ranks of pipes. — P. Cyc. 

SES-QUI-AL'TER, ) a. [L. sesquialter.] 1. In geometry 

SES-QUI-AL'TER-AL, j designating a ratio where one 
quantity or number contains another once, and half as 
much more, as 9 contains 6 and its half.— 2. A sesquialteral 
floret is when a large fertile floret is accompanied with a 
small abortive one. 

SES-QUI-ALTER-ATE, a. In arithmetic and geometry, des- 
ignating a ratio between two numbers, lines, &c, in which 
the greater is equal to once and a half of the less. — Mutton. 

SES-QUI-BRo'MID, n. A basic compound of three equiva.- 
lents of bromine with two of another element. 

SES-QUI-CaRBO-NATE, n. A salt composed of three 
equivalents of carbonic acid, with two equivalents of a 
base. 

SES-QUI-CHLo'RID, n. A basic compound of three equiv- 
alents of chlorine with two of another element. 

SES-QUI-CY'A-NID, n. A basic compound of three equiva- 
lents of cyanogen with two of another element. 

SES-QUI-Du'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. sesqui and duplicatus.] Des- 
ignating the ratio of two and a half to one. 

SES-QUl'O-DID, n. A basic compound of three equivalents 
of iodine with two of another element. 

* SES-OUIP'E-DAL, \a. [L. sesqui and pedalis.] Con- 

SES-QUIP-E-Da'LI-AN, 5 taining a foot and a half. 

SES-QUIP'LI-CATE, a. [L. sesqui and plicatus.] Designa- 
ting the ratio of one and a half to one. 

SES-QUI-SUL'PHID, n. A basic compound of three equiv- 
alents of sulphur with two of some other element. 

SES-QUI-TER'TIAN, ) a. [L. sesqui and tertius.] Desig- 

SES-QUI-TERTION-AL, J nating the ratio of one and one 
third to one. 

SES'Q.UI-ToNE, n. In music, a minor third, or interval of 
three semitones. — Busby. 

SES-Q.UOXYD, n. A basic compound of three equivalent* 
of oxygen with two of some other element. 

SESS, n. [L. sessio.J A tax. See Assessment. [Rare.] 

SESS'-POOL, n. A cavity sunk in the earth to receive and 
retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains. 

SES'SILE, a. [L. sessilis.] In natural history, sitting close 
upon the body to which it belongs, without any sensible 
projecting support. 

SES'SION (sesh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. sessio.] 1. A sitting or be- 
ing placed. 2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legis- 
lature, &c. 3. The time, space, or term during which a 
court, council, legislature, and the like, meet daily for busi- 
ness. — 4. Sessions, in some of the States, is particularly used 
for a court of justices, held for granting licenses to inn- 
keepers or taverners, for laying out new highways or alter- 
ing old ones, and the like. — Court of Sessions, the supreme 
civil court of Scotland. — Brande. 

SES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a church session. 

SESTERCE, n. . Fr. ; L. sestertius.] A Roman coin, in value 
the fourth part of a denarius, about two pence sterling or 
four cents. — The sestertium, that is, sestertium pondus, was 
two pounds and a half, or 1000 sesterces, equal, before the 
reign of Augustus, to £8, 17s., Id. sterling, or about $40, 
and, after his reign, to £7, 16s., 3d. sterling. — Smith's Diet. 

SET, v. t. ; pret. and pp. set. [Sax. seztan, setan, settan ; L. 
sedo ; G. setzen ; D. zetten ; Sw. satta; Dan. setter.] 1. To 
put or place ; to fix or cause to rest in a standing posture. 
2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture. 3. To 
put, place, or fix in any situation. 4. To put into any con- 
dition or state ; as, to set things in order. 5. To put ; to 
fix ; to attach to.— Gen., iv., 15. 6. To fix ; to render mo- 
tionless, as the eyes. 7. To put or fix, as a price. 8. To 
fix ; to state by some rule. 9. To regulate or adjust ; as, 
to set a time-piece by the sun. 10. To fit to music ; to 
adapt with notes, as a hymn. 11. To pitch ; to begin to 
sing in public, as a psalm or tune. 12. To plant, as a shrub, 
tree, or vegetable. 13. To variegate, intersperse, or adorn 
with something fixed ; to stud, as with jewels. 14. To re- 
turn to its proper place or state ; to replace ; to reduce 
from a dislocated or fractured state, as an arm. 15. To 
fix ; to place. 16. To fix firmly ; to predetermine ; as, to 
be set in one's purpose or way. 17. To fix by appoint- 
ment ; to appoint ; to assign, as a time for action. 18. To 
place or station ; to appoint to a particular duty ; as, to set. 
a watch. 19. To stake at play; [rare.] 20. To offer a 



'S*i Synopsis. I,E, I, &c, long.— a, E,i, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SET 



909 



SET 



wager at dice to another ; [rare.) 21. To flx in metal, as 
a jewel. 22. To fix; to cause to atop; to obstruct. 23. 
To embarrass ; to perplex ; as, to be hard set. — Addison. 
24. To put in good order ; to fix for use ; to bring to a fine 
edge, as a razor. 25. To loose and extend ; to spread, as 
sails. 26. To point out without noise or disturbance ; as, 
a dog sets birds. — Johnson. 27. To oppose ; as, " will you 
set your wit to a fool's V — Shah. 28. To prepare with run- 
net for cheese, as milk. 29. To dim ; to darken or extin- 
guish. — 1 Kings, xiv., 4. 

To set by the compass, among seamen, to observe the bearing 
or situation of a distant object by the compass. — To set 
about, to begin, as an action or enterprise ; to apply to. — 
To set one's self against, to place one's self in a state of en- 
mity or opposition. — To set against, to oppose ; to set in 
comparison. — To set apart. 1. To separate to a particular 
use ; to separate from the rest ; to devote. 2. To neglect 
for a season; [obs.]—To set aside. 1. To omit for the 
present ; to lay out of the question. 2. To reject, as pre- 
tensions. 3. To annul ; to vacate, as a decision or verdict. 

' — To set abroach, to spread. Shak. — To se.t agoing, to cause 
to begin to move. — To set by. 1. To set apart or on one 
side ; to reject— Bacon. 2. To esteem ; to regard ; to 
value. Halliwell.—To set down. 1. To place upon the 
ground or floor. 2. To enter in writing ; to register. 3. 
To explain or relate in writing. 4. To~fix on a resolve ; 
[rare.] 5. To fix ; to establish ; to ordain, a3 a law.— To 
set forth. 1. To manifest ; to offer or present to view. — 
Rom., in. 2. To publish ; to promulgate ; to make appear. 
3. To send out ; to prepare and send, as a fleet ; [obs.] 4. 
To display ; to exhibit ; to present to view ; to show. — 
To set forward, to advance ; to move on ; also, to promote. 
—To set in, to put in the way to begin. Collier. — To set 
off. 1. To adorn ; to decorate ; to embellish. 2. To give 
a pompous or flattering description of ; to eulogize ; to 
recommend. 3. To place against as an equivalent. 4. To 
separate or assign for a particular purpose.— To set on or 
upon. 1. To incite ; to instigate ; to animate to action. 

2. To assault or attack ; seldom used transitively, but the 
passive form is often used; as, to be set upon by pirates. 

3. To employ, as in % task.— Shak. 4. To fix the attention ; 
to determine to any thing with settled purpose. — To set 
out. 1*. To assign ; to allot. 2. To publish, as a procla- 
mation. — Bacon ; [rare.] 3. To mark by boundaries or 
distinctions of space. — Locke. 4. To adorn ; to embellish, 
as with jewels. 5. To raise, equip, and send forth ; to fur- 
nish, as a fleet ; [rare.] 6. To show ; to display ; to rec- 
ommend ; to set off". 7. To show ; to prove ; [rare.] — 8. 
In law, to recite ; to state at large. — To set up. 1. To erect. 
2 f To begin a new institution j to institute ; to establish ; 
to found. 3. To enable to commence a new business. 4. 
To raise ; to exalt ; to put in power. — 2 Sam., iii., 10. 5. 
To place in view. 6. To raise ; to utter loudly, as a note 
or ehout. 7. To advance ; to propose as truth or for re- 
ception, as an opinion. 8. To raise from depression or to 
a sufficient fortune. — 9. In seamen's language, to extend, 
as the shrouds, stays, &c. — To set at naught, to under- 
value ; to contemn ; to despise. — To set in order, to adjust 
or arrange ; to reduce to method. — To set eyes on, to see ; 
to behold ; to fasten the eyes on.— To set the teeth on edge, 
to affect the teeth with a painful sensation. — To set over. 
1. To appoint or constitute. 2. To assign ; to transfer ; 
to convey.— To set right, to correct ; to put in order.— To 
set sail, to make sail or to commence sailing. — To set at 
vise, to quiet; to tranquilize.— To set free, to release from 
confinement, imprisonment, or bondage ; to liberate ; to 
emancipate. — To set at work, to cause to enter on work or 
\ction, or to direct how to enter on work. — To set on fire, 
to communicate fire to ; to inflame ; and, figuratively, to 
£nkindle the passions ; to make to rage ; to irritate.— To 
scJ before, to offer ; to propose ; to present to view. 

tt£T, v. i. 1. To decline ; to go down ; to pass below the 
horizon. 2. To be fixed hard ; to be close or firm. 3. To 
fit music to words. 4. To congeal or concrete. 5. To be- 
gin a journey ; [obs.] 6. To plant ; as in the proverb, " to 
sow dry and set wet." 7. To flow ; to have a certain di- 
rection in motion, as a current 8. To catch birds with a 
dog that sets them, that is, one that lies down and points 
them out, and with a large net— To set one's self about, to 
begin ; to enter upon ; to take the first steps. — To set one's 
self to apply one's self. — To set about, to fall on ; to begin ; 
to take the first steps in a business or enterprise.— To set 
in. 1. To begin. 2. To become settled in a particular 
state. — To set forward, to move or march ; to begin to 
march, to advance. — To set on or upon. 1. To begin a 
journey or an enterprise. 2. To assault ; to make an at- 
tack. Shak. — To set out. 1. To begin a journey or course. 
2 To have a beginning. — To set to, to apply one's self to. 
r-To set up. 1. To begin business or a scheme of life. 2. 
To profess openly ; to make pretensions. 

SET, pp. 1. Placed ; put ; located ; fixed ; adjusted ; com- 
posed ; studded or adorned ; reduced, as a dislocated or 
broken bone. 2. a. Regular ; uniform ; formal ; as, a set 



speech. 3. Fixed in opinion ; determined ; firm ; obstl 
nate. 4. Established; prescribed. 

SET, n. 1. A number or collection of things of the same 
kind and of similar form, which are ordinarily used to- 
gether. 2: A number of things fitted to be used together, 
though different in form. 3. A number of persons asso- 
ciated ; as, a set of men. 4. A number of particular things 
that are united in the formation of a whole. 5. A young 
plant for growth. 6. The descent of the sun or other lu 
minary below the horizon. 7. A wager at dice. 8. A 
game. — A dead set, the act of a setter dog when it discovere 
the game and remains intently fixed in pointing it out , 
said also, by Grose, to be a concerted scheme to defraud 
a person by gaming. — To be at a dead set, is to be in a fixed 
state or condition which precludes further progress. — To 
make a dead set upon, to make a determined onset. 

SET'-DOWN, n. A powerful rebuke or reprehension. 

SET-FOIL. See Sept-foil. 

SET-OFF, n. [set and off.] 1. The act of admitting one 
claim to counterbalance another. — In New England, offset 
is sometimes used for set-off. 2. The part of a wall, &c, 
which is exposed horizontally, when the portion above it 
is reduced in thickness ; also called offset.— Gloss. ofArchit. 

SET-SPEECH, n. A speech carefully prepared before it is 
delivered in public. — HaWwell. 

SET'-To, n. A conflict, as in boxing, argument, Scc.—Halli- 
well. 

SE-TI'CEOUS (-shus), a. [L. seta.] 1. Bristly ; set with 
bristles ; consisting of bristles.— 2. In natural history, bris- 
tle-shaped ; having the thickness aud length of a bristle. — 
Setaceous worm, a name given to a water-worm that re- 
sembles a horse hair, vulgarly supposed to be an animated 
hair. 

SE-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. seta and fero.] Producing or having 
bristles. 

SeTI-FORM, a. [L. seta and form.] Having the form of a 
bristle^— Journ. of Science. 

SeTI-ReME, n. [L. seta and remus.] A name given to the 
jointed legs whose inner side has a dense fringe of hairs, 
by means of which such animals as the diving beetles 
move in the water. — Kirby. 

fSETNESS, n. Regulation; adjustment; obstinacy. — 
Masters. 

Se'TON, n. [Fr.] In surgery, a few horse hairs or small 
threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through the skin by a 
large needle, by which a small opening is made and con- 
tinued. 
j Se'ToSE, } a. [It setoso ; L. setosus.] In natural history, 
j Se'TOUS, j bristly ; having the surface set with bristles. - 

Martyn. 
! SET-TEE', n. 1. A long seat with a back to it. 2. A ves- 
sel with one deck, and a very long, sharp prow, carrying 
two or three masts with lateen sails ; used in the Mediter~ 
rancan. 

SETTER n. 1. One who sets ; as, a setter on. 2. A dog 
that beats the field and starts birds for sportsmen. It par- 
takes of the characters of the pointer and the spaniel. 3. 
A man who performs the office of a setting-dog, or finds 
persons to be plundered. 4. One who adapts words to 
music in composition. 5. Whatever sets off", adorns, or 
recommends ; [obs.] 

SETTER-W6RT, n. A plant, stinking hellebore or bear's 
foot. 

SETTING, ppr. Placing ; putting ; fixing ; studding ; ap- 
pointing ; sinking below the horizon, <fcc. 
j SETTING, n. 1. The act of putting, placing, fixing, or es 
tablishing. 2. The act of sinking below the horizon. 3. 
The act or manner of taking birds by a setting-dog. 4. In- 
closure. 5. The direction cf a current, sea, or" wind.— 
Huiton. 6. The hardening of plaster or cement — Gwilt. 

SETTING-€oAT, n. In architecture, the best sort of plas- 
ter on walls or ceilings. 

SETTING-DOG, n. A setter ; a dog trained to find and 
start birds for sportsmen. 

SETTLE (settl), n. [Sax. setl, settl ; G. sessel ; D. zetel] A 
long bench with a high wooden back.— Forby. — Dryden. 

SETTLE, v. t. 1. To place in a permanent condition after 
wandering or fluctuation. 2. To make permanent, fixed, 
or established in any place. — 1 Chron., xvii., 14. 3. To es- 
tablish in business or way of life ; as, to settle a son in the 
world. — Dryden. 4. To marry, as a daughter. 5. To con 
firm or render established. 6. To free from doubt or ren- 
der determinate what is uncertain, as a question hi litiga- 
tion. 7. To render fixed '; to make certain or permanent, 
as habits. 8. To render fixed ; not to suffer to dcubt or 
waver ; as, to settle the wavering.— Swift. 9. To make 
close or compact, as the turf. — Mortimer. 10. To cause to 
subside after being heaved and loosened by frost ; or to 
dry and harden after rain, as the ground or earth. 11. To 
lower or cause to sink. 12. To fix by gift, grant, or any 
legal act as an annuity. 13. To fix firmiy. 14. To cause 
to sink or subside, as extraneous matter in liquors. 15. 
To tranquilize what is disturbed. 16. To place in the pas- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH : TH as in this. * Obsolete 



SEV 



910 



SEX 



toral office ; to ordain over a church and society, or par- 
ish, as a minister. — Boswell; [United States.] 17. To plant 
with inhabitants ; to colonize. 18. To close by amicable 
agreement or otherwise, as a dispute. 19. To bring to ad- 
justment ; co liquidate ; to balance, or to pay, as accounts 
or business transactions. — To settle the land, among sea- 
men, to cause it to sink or appear lower by receding from 
it. — Syn. To fix ; establish ; regulate ; arrange ; compose ; 
adjust; determine; decide. 
SETTLE, v. i. 1. To fall to the bottom of liquor ; to sub- 
side ; to sink and rest on the bottom, as dregs, mud, &c. 

2. To lose motion or fermentation ; to deposit, as feces. 

3. To fix one's habitation or residence. 4. To marry and 
establish a domestic state. 5. To become fixed after change 
or fluctuation, as the wind. 6. To become stationary ; to 
quit a rambling or irregular course for a permanent or 
methodical one. 7. To become fixed or permanent; to 
take a lasting form or state. 8. To rest ; to repose. 9. To 
become calm ; to cease from agitation. 10. To make a 
jointure for a wife. 11. To sink by its weight, as a building ; 
and, in loose bodies, to become more compact. 12. To sink 
after being heaved, and to dry, as the earth. 13. To be or- 
dained or installed over a parish, church, or congregation, 
as a minister. 14. To adjust differences or accounts ; to 
come to an agreement, as with creditors or debtors. 

SETTLED (sef tld), pp. or a. Placed ; established ; fixed ; 
determined ; composed ; adjusted ; determinate ; defini- 
tive ; decisive ; conclusive. 

SETTLED-NESS, n. The state of being settled ; confirmed 
state. — King Charles. [Little used.] 

SET'TLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of settling, or state of being 
settled. 2. The falling of the foul or foreign matter of 
liquors to the bottom; subsidence. 3. The matter that 
subsides ; lees ; dregs ; [obs.] 4. The act of giving pos- 
session by legal sanction. 5. A jointure granted to a wife, 
or the act of granting it. 6. The act of taking a domestic 
state ; the act of marrying and going to housekeeping. 7. 
A becoming stationary, or taking a permanent residence 
after a roving course of life. 8. The act of planting or es- 
tablishing, as a colony ; also, the place, or the colony es- 
tablished. 9. Adjustment ; liquidation ; the ascertainment 
of just claims, or payment of the balance of an account. 
10. Adjustment of differences ; pacification ; reconcilia- 
tion. 11. The ordaining or installment of a clergyman over 
a parish or congregation. 12. A sum of money or other 
property granted to a minister on his ordination, exclusive 
of his salary. 13. Legal residence or establishment of a 
person in a particular parish or town. — Act of Settlement, 
in English history, the statute of the 12th and 13th of Will- 
iam III., by which the crown was limited to the house of 
Hanover. — Brande. 

SET'TLER, n. One who commences a settlement in a new 
country. — Ames. 

SETTLING, ppr. Placing ; fixing ; establishing ; regulat- 
ing ; adjusting ; planting ; subsiding ; composing ; ordain- 
ing or installing. 

SETTLING, oi. 1. The act of making a settlement ; a plant- 
ing or colonizing. 2. The act of subsiding, as lees. 3. The 
adjustment of differences. — 4. Settlings, plural, lees ; dregs ; 
sediment. 

SETWALL, n. [set and wall.] A plant. The garden set- 
wall is a species of Valeriana. 

SEVEN (sev'n), a. [Sax. seofa, seofan ; Goth, sibun ; D. 
zeeven ; G. sieben ; L. septem!] Four and three ; one more 
than six or less than eight. — Seven stars, a common name 
for the cluster of stars in the neck of Taurus, called Pleiades. 

SEVEN-HILLED, a. Having seven hills.— More. 

SEVEN-FoLD, a. [seven and fold.] Repeated seven times ; 
doubled seven times. 

SEVEN-FoLD, adv. Seven times as much or often. 

SEVEN-NIGHT (sen'nit), n. [seven and night.] A week ; 
the period of seven days and nights. — Sevennight is now 
contracted into sennight, which see. 

SEVEN-SCORE, n. [seven and score.] Seven times twen- 
ty, that is, a hundred and forty. — Bacon. 

SEVEN-TEEN, a. [Sax. seofontyne.] Seven and ten. 

SEVENTEENTH, a. [from seventeen.] The ordinal of sev- 
enteen ; the seventh after the tenth. 

SEVENTH, a. [Sax. seofetha.] 1. The ordinal of seven ; 
the first after the sixth. 2. Containing or being one part 
in seven. 

SEVENTH, n. 1. The seventh part ; one part in seven. — 
2. In music, a dissonant interval or heptachord. A major 
seventh is a semitone less than an octave ; a minor sev- 
enth is a semitone less than the major seventh. 

SEVENTHLY, adv. In the seventh place.— Bacon. 

SEVEN-TI-ETH, a. [from seventy.] The ordinal of seventy. 

SEVEN-TY, a. [D. zeventig.] Seven times ten. 

SEVEN-TY, n. The Septuagint or seventy translators of 
the Old Testament into the Greek language. 

SEVER, v. t. [Fr. severer , It. sevrare.] 1. To part or di- 
vide by violence ; to separate by cutting or rending. 2. 
To part or detach from the rest by violence. 3. To sep- 



arate ; to disjoin, as distinct things, but united. 4 To sep 
arate and put in different orders or places. 5. To disjoin , 
to disunite ; in a general sense, but usually implying vio 
lence. 6. To keep distinct or apart. Ex., viii. — 7. In law, 
to disunite ; to disconnect ; to part possession. 

SEVER, v. i. 1. To make a separation or distinction ; to dis- 
tinguish. 2. To suffer disjunction ; to be parted or ront 
asunder. — Shalt. 

SEVER-AL, a. [from sever.] 1. Separate ; distinct ; not 
common to two or more. 2. Separate ; different ; distinct. 
3. Divers ; sundry ; consisting of a number ; more than 
two, but not very many. 4. Separate ; single ; particular. 
5. Distinct ; appropriate. — A joint and several note is a 
promissory note of two persons or more, which each is 
liaole to pay if the others fail. 

SEVER-AL, n. 1. Each particular, or a small number, sin- 
gly taken. 2. An inclosed or separate place ; inclosed 
ground ; [obs.] — In several, in a state of separation ; [little 
used.] 

t SEV-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Each particular singly taken ; dis- 
tinction. — Bishop Hall. 

t SE VER-AL-IZE, v. t. To distinguish.— Bishop Hall. 

SEVER- AL-LY, adv. Separately ; distinctly ; apart from 
others. 

SE VER-AL-TY, n. A state of separation from the rest, or 
from all others. 

SEVER- ANCE, n. Separation ; the act of dividing or disu 
niting. 

SE-VeRE', a. [Fr. ; L. severus ; It., Sp. severo.] 1. Charac 
terized by harshness ; not mild or indulgent, as language 
or treatment. 2. Characterized by sharpness or rigor, as 
zeal. — Taylor. 3. Characterized by great strictness, or 
sometimes, perhaps, by unreasonable strictness or exact- 
ness ; giving no indulgence ; as, severe discipline. 4. Char- 
acterized by rigor, or perhaps cruelty; as, severe justice 
or penalty. 5. Grave ; sober ; sedate to an extreme. 6. 
Rigidly exact ; strictly methodical ; not lax or any ; as, a 
severe style. 7. Characterized by sharpness or violence ; 
afflictive ; distressing, as pain. 8. Characterized by sharp 
ness ; extreme, as cold. 9. Close ; concise ; not luxuriant; 
as, a severe language. — Dryden. 10. Difficult to be endured ; 
critical ; nice ; as, a severe test. — Syn. Rigid ; strict ; exact , 
rigorous ; hard ; rough ; stern ; austere ; morose ; harsh , 
censorious ; tart ; acrimonious ; sarcastic ; satirical ; cut- 
ting ; biting ; keen ; bitter ; cruel. 

SEVERED, pp. Parted by violence ; disjointed. 

SE-VeRE'LY, adv. 1. Harshly; sharply. 2. Strictly; rig- 
orously. 3. With extreme rigor. 4, Painfully ; afflictive 
ly ; greatly. 5. Fiercely ; ferociously. 

SE VER-ING, ppr. Parting by violence ; disuniting. 

SE VER-lTE, n. A mineral found near St. Sever, in France 
composed of silica, alumina, and water. — Dana. 

SE-VER'I-TY, n. [L. severitas.] 1. Harshness; rigor, aus- 
terity ; want of mildness or indulgence. 2. Rigor ; ex 
treme strictness. 3. Excessive rigor ; extreme degree or 
amount. 4. Extremity ; quality or power of distressing 
5. Extreme degree. 6. Extreme coldness or inclemency 

7. Harshness ; cruel treatment ; sharpness of punishment. 

8. Exactness ; rigor ; niceness. 9. Strictness ; rigid ac- 
curacy. 

t SEV-O-Ca'TION, n, [L. sevoco.] A calling aside. 

SEV-Ru'GA, n. A fish of the sturgeon kind in the Caspian Sea. 

t SEW (su), to follow. — Spenser. See Sue. 

SEW (so), v. t. [Sax. simian, suwian ; Goth, siuyan ; Sw. sy ; 
Dan. syer ; L. suo.] To unite or fasten together with a 
needle and thread. — To sew up, to inclose by sewing; to 
inclose in any thing sewed. 

SEW (so), v. i. To practice sewing ; to join things with 
stitches. 

t SEW (su), v. t. [L. sicco.] To drain a pond for taking the fish. 

SEWED (sode), pp. United by stitches. 

SEW'EL (su'el), n. Among huntsmen, something hung up 
to prevent deer from entering a place. 

* SEWER (su'er), n. [G. anzucht. Elmes deduces it from 
old Fr. asscour.] A drain or passage to convey off water 
and filth under ground ; a subterraneous canal, particular- 
ly in cities ; [corruptly pronounced shore or soer.] 

t SEWER (so'er), n. [D. schaffer ; G. schaffner.] An officer 
who serves up a feast and arranges the dishes. 

SEWER (so'er), n. One who sews, or uses the needle. 

SEWER- AGE (su'er-aje), n. The making of a sewer; the 
discharging of water, Sea., by a sewer. 

SEWING (so'ing), ppr. Joining with the needle or with 
stitches. 

SEWING (so'ing), n. The act or occupation of sewing or 
using a needle ; that which is sewed with the needle.— AsIl 

SEW'I-TUDE (sii'e-), n. A term derived from the civil law, 
equivalent to easement in the common law. 

t SEWSTER (so'ster), n. A woman who sows or spins.— 
Ben Jonson. 

SEX, n. [Fr. sexe ; Sp. sexo ; It. sesso ; L. sexus.] 1. The 
distinction between male and female ; or that property or 
character by which an animal is male or female.— In bot 



See Synopsis. 1 t, I. &c , long.— a, e, 1, &c, *hort.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD :— MOVE. BOOK, 



SHA 



911 



SHA 



my, the structure of plants which corresponds to male 
and female among animals. — 2. By way of emphasis, wom- 
ankind ; females. 

SEX-A-GE-Ni'RI-AN, n. A person who has arrived at the 
age of sixty years. — Cowper. 

* SEXA-GEN-A-RY or SEX-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Ft. sexage- 
naire ; L. sexagenarius.] Designating the number sixty ; as 
a noun, a person sixty years of age ; also, something com- 
posed of sixty. 

SEX-A-GES'I-MA, n. [L. sexagesimus.] The second Sunday 
before Lent, the next to Shrove-Tuesday ; so called as 
being about the 60th day before Easter. 

SEX-A-GES'I-MAL, a. Sixtieth ; pertaining to the number 
sixty. — Sexagesimal, or sexagenary arithmetic, a method of 
computation proceeding by sixties, as in dividing degrees 
into minutes, &c. — Sexagesimal fractions or sexagesimals, 
fractions having 60, or some power of 60, for their denom- 
inator. — Hutton. 

SEX'AN"GLE, n. In geometry, a figure having six angles, 
and consequently six sides. — Hutton. 

SEX'AN"GL£D (-ang-gld) )a. [L. sex and angulus.] 

SEX-AN"GU-LAR (-ang-gu-lar), 5 Haxing six angles ; hex- 
agonal. 

SEX-AN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With six angles ; hexagonally. 

SEX-DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. sex and decern.] In crystallography, 
when a prism or the middle part of a crystal has six faces, 
and the two summits taken together ten faces. — Haity. 
[Not used.] 

8EX-DU-0-DECI-MAL, a. [L. sex and duodecim.] In crys- 
tallography, designating a crystal when the prism or mid- 
dle part has six faces, and the two summits taken togeth- 
er twelve faces. — Hauy. [Not used.] 

SEX-EN'NI-AL, a. [L. sex and annus.] Lasting six years, or 
happening once in six years. 

SEX-ENTSTI-AL-LY, adv. Once in six years. 

SEX'FID, a. [L. sex and findo.] In botany, six-cleft. 

SEXLESS, a. Having no sex..— Shelly. 

SEX-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. sex and loculus.] In botany, six- 
celled ; having six cells for seeds. 

SEXTAIN (-tin), n. [L. sextans.] A stanza of six lines. 

SEX'TANT, n. [L. sextans.] 1. In mathematics, the sixth 
part of a circle. Hence, 2. An instrument for measuring 
the angular distances of objects by reflection. It is formed 
like a quadrant, excepting that its limb comprehends 60 
degrees, or the sixth part of a circle. — 3. In astronomy, a 
constellation situated across the equator and south of the 
ecliptic— Brande. 

SEXTA-RY, n. [L. sextarius.] An ancient Roman measure 
about equal to an English pin*-- — Smith's Diet. 

t SEX'TRY ' \ n ' ^ ie san,e as sacristan. — Diet. 

SEX'TlLE.. n. [L. sextilis.] Denoting the aspect or position 
of two planets, when distant from each other 60 degrees. 

SEX-TILL'ION (seks-til'yun), n. According to the English 
notation, the number expressed by a unit with 36 ciphers 
annexed ; according to the French notation, a unit with 21 
ciphers annexed. — Barlow. 

SEXTON, n. [contracted from sacristan.] An under officer 
of the church, whose business is to take care of the ves- 
sels, vestments, &c, belonging to the church, to attend on 
the officiating clergyman, and perform other duties per- 
taining to the church, to dig graves, &c. 

SEXTON-SHIP, n. The office of a sexton.— Swift. 

SEX'TU-PLE, a. [Low L. sextuplus.] 1. Sixfold ; six times 
as much. — 2. In music, denoting a mixed sort of triple, 
beaten in double time, or a measure of two times, com- 
posed of six equal notes, three for each time. 

SEX'U-AL (sex'yu-al), a. 1. Pertaining to sex or the sexes ; 
distinguishing the sex ; denoting what is peculiar to the 
distinction and office of male and female. — 2. Sexual meth- 
od, in botany, the method which is founded on the distinc- 
tion of sexes in plants, as male and female. 

SEX'U-AL-IST, n. One who believes and maintains the 
doctrine of sexes in plants ; or one who adopts the sexual 
method of classification. — Milne. 

SEX-U-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being distinguished by sex. 

SEX'U-AL-LY, adv. In a sexual manner. 

SFOR-Za'TO. [It] In music, a direction placed over a note 
to signify to the performer that it must be struck with pe- 
culiar force. 

SHAB, v. i. To play mean tricks.— In some parts of New 
England, it signifies to reject or dismiss. [Vulgar.] 

SHAB^BED, a. Mean ; shabby.— A. Wood. 

SHAB'BI-LY, adv. 1. Raggedly ; with rent or ragged clothes. 
2. Meanly ; in a despicable manner. 

SHAB'BI-NESS, n. 1. Raggedness. 2. Meanness ; paltriness. 

SHAB'BY, a. [D. schabbig ; G. schabig.] 1. Ragged ; torn or 
worn to rags. 2. Clothed with ragged garments. 3. Mean ; 
paltry ; despicable. 

SHAB'RACK, n. [Hungarian.] The cloth furniture or hous- 
ing of a troop horse or charger. — Brande. 
« SHACK, n. 1. In ancient customs of England, a liberty of 

winter pasturage ; stock turned into the stubble after the 



harvest are said to be at shack.— In New England, shach 
is used in a somewhat similar sense for mast or the food 
of swine, and for feeding at large or in the forest. 2. A 
shabby fellow, lurking and prowling about, and living by 
his shifts. — Forby. 

SHACK, v. i. 1. To shed, as corn at harvest— Grose ; [lo- 
cal.] 2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of the 
field. — Pegge ; [local.] 

SHACKLE (shakl), n. Stubble. 

SHACKLE, v. t. [Sax. sceacul ; D. schakel.] 1. To chain ; 
to fetter ; to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free 
motion. 2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embar- 
rass action. 

SHA€K'LE, n., \ [Usually in the plural] 1. Fet- 

SHACKL.ES (-lz), n. pi. > ters, gyves, handcuffs, mana- 
cles, chains, or that which obstructs or prevents the free 
action of the limbs. 2. That which obstructs or embar 
rasses free action. 

SB. A-GK'L ED, pp. Tied; confined; embarrassed. 

SHACKLING, ppr. Fettering; binding; confining. 

SHAD, n. [G. schade.] A fish of the genus alosa (clupea, 
Linn.). Shad ascend the English and American rivers in 
the spring, and are highly prized for food. 

SHADDOCK, n. A species of the orange (citrus decumana), 
but much larger and coarser than the common orange. [It 
is named from the person who first carried this fruit from 
the East to the West Indies.] 

SHaDE, n. [Sax. scad, scead, seed ; G schatten.] 1. Literal- 
ly, the interception, cutting oft", or interruption of the rays 
of light ; hence, the obscurity which is caused by such in- 
terception. Shade differs from shadoiv, as it implies no 
particular form or definite limit; whereas a shadow rep- 
resents in form the object which intercepts the light 2. 
Darkness ; obscurity. 3. An obscure place, properly in a 
grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays ; and 
hence, a secluded retreat. 4. A screen; something that 
intercepts light or heat. 5. Protection ; shelter. — 6. In 
painting, the dark part of a picture. 7. Degree or grada- 
tion of light. 8. A very minute difference ; as, coffee is 
a shade higher ; [mercantile.] 9. A shadow. — Pope ; [see 
Shadow.] 10. The soul, after its separation from the 
body ; so called, because the ancients supposed it to be 
perceptible to the sight not to the touch ; a spirit ; a ghost. 
—Dryden. 

SHaDE, v. t. [Sax. sceadan, gesceadan.] 1. To shelter or 
screen from light by intercepting its rays. 2. To over- 
spread with darkness or obscurity ; to obscure. 3. To 
shelter ; to hide. 4. To cover from injury ; to protect ; to 
screen. 5. To paint in obscure colors ; to darken. 6. To 
mark with gradations of color. 7. To darken ; to obscure. 

SHaD'ED, pp. or a. Defended from the rays of the sun , 
darkened. 

SHaD'ER, n. He or that which shades. 

SHaDES, n. pi. 1. The lower region, or place of the dead 
Hence, 2. Deep obscurity ; total darkness. 

SHaD'I-LY, adv. Umbrageously. 

SHaD'I-NESS, n. The state of being shady ; umbrageous 
ness. 

SHaD'ING, n. The act or process of making a shade.— Scott 

SHaDTNG, ppr. Sheltering from the sun's rays. 

SHAD'oW, n. [Sax. scadu, sceadu.] 1. Shade within de 
fined limits ; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on 
a plane, and representing the form of the body which in- 
tercepts the rays of light. 2. Darkness ; shade ; obscu- 
rity. 3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the 
light, heat, or influence of the air. 4. Obscure place ; se- 
cluded retreat ; [obs.] 5. Dark part of a picture ; [obs.] 
6. A spirit; a ghost; [obs.] — 7. In. painting, the representa- 
tion of a real shadow. 8. An imperfect and faint repre- 
sentation; opposed to substance. 9. Inseparable compan- 
ion. 10. Type ; mystical representation. 11. Protection; 
shelter ; favor. — Lam., iv. 12. Slight or faint appearance. 
— James, i. 

SHAD'oW, v. t. 1. To overspread with obscurity. 2. To 
cloud ; to darken. 3. To make cool ; to refresh by shade ; 
or to shade. 4. To conceal ; to hide ; to screen. 5. To 
protect ; to screen from danger ; to shroud. 6. To mark 
with slight gradations of color or light — Locke. 7. To 
paint in obscure colors. 8. To represent faintly or imper- 
fectly. 9. To represent typically. 

SHAD'oW-CXST-ING, a. Casting a shadow. 

SHAD'oW-GRaSS, n. A kind of grass so called. 

SHAD'oW OF DEATH, n. Terrible darkness, trouble, or 
death. — Job, iii. 

SHAD'oWiSD, pp. Represented imperfectly or typically 

SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. Representing by faint or imperfeci 
resemblance. 

SHAD'oW-ING, n. Shade or gradation of light and color. 

SHAD'oW-LESS, a. Having no shadow 

SHAD'oW-Y, a. [Sax. sceadwig.] 1. Full of shade ; dark . 
gloomy. 2. Not brightly luminous ; faintly light. 3. Faint 
ly representative ; typical. 4. Unsubstantial ; unreal. 5 
Dark ; obscure ; opaque. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SHA 



912 



SFIA 



SHAD'oW-Y-NESS, n. State of being shadowy or unsub- 
stantial. 

SHa'DRACH, tc. In the smelting of iron, a mass of iron in 
which the smelting has failed of its intended effect. \Local.] 

SHa'DY, a. 1. Abounding with shade or shades ; over- 
spread with shade. 2. Sheltered from the glare of light 
or sultry heat. 

t SHAF'FLE, v. i. To hobble or limp. 

f SHAF'FLER, n. A hobbler ; one who limps. 

SHAFT, n. [Sax. sceaft ; D., G. schaft ; Sw., Dan. shaft] 1. 
An arrow ; a missile weapon. — 2. In mining, a pit, or long, 
narrow opening or entrance into a mine. It is perpendic- 
ular or slightly inclined. — 3. In architecture, the shaft of a 
column is the body of it, between the base and the cap- 
ital. 4. The shaft of a chimney is that part of it which 
rises above the roof. — Gwilt. 5. Any thing straight, as the 
6pire of a church, &c. 6. The stem or stock of a feather 
or quill. 7. The pole of a carriage, sometimes called 
tongue or neap. 8. The handle of a weapon. 

SHXFT'ED, a. Having a handle ; a term, in heraldry, ap- 
plied to a spear-head. 

\ SHXFT'MENT, ft. [Sax. scaftmund.] A span, a measure 
of about six inches. — Ray. 

SHAG, n. [Sax. sceacga ; Dan. skiag; Sw. skagg.] 1. Coarse 
hair or nap, or rough, woolly hair. 2. A kind of cloth 
having a long, coarse nap. — 3. In ornithology, an aquatic 
fowl, the green cormorant or crested cormorant. 

SHAG, a. Hairy ; shaggy. — Shah. 

SHAG, v. t. 1. To make rough or hairy. — J. Barlow. 2. To 
make rough or shaggy ; to deform. — Thomson. 

SHAG'-BaRK, n. The popular name of a kind of hickory, 
the carya squamosa, from its shaggy bark ; also called shell- 
bark. — Sylv. Am. 

SHAGGY, \a. 1. Rough with long hair or wool. 2. 

SHAG'GED, 5 Rough ; rugged. 

SHAG'GI-NESS, \n. The state of being shaggy ; rcugh- 

SHAG'GED-NESS, 5 ness with long, loose hair or wool. 

SHA-GREEN', n. [Pers.] A kind of leather prepared from 
the skins of horses, asses, mules, &c., and grained so as to 
be covered with small round pimples or granulations. It 
is much used for covering small cases and boxes. — P. Cyc. 

SHA-GREEN', ? M , ,., . c, „ , , 

SHA-GREEN.ED' \ a ' Ma< * e °* tne l eat her called shagreen. 

SHA-GREEN', for chagrin. See Chagrin. 

SHaH, n. The title given by European writers to the king 
or monarch of Persia. — Brande. 

SHaIK. See Sheik. 

f SHaIL, v. t. To walk sidewise. — L' 'Estrange. 

SHaKE, v. t. ; pret. shook ; pp. shaken. [Sax. sceacan ; Sw. 
skaka; D. schokken.] 1. To cause to move with quick 
vibrations ; to move rapidly one way and the other ; to 
agitate. 2. To make to totter or tremble. 3. To cause to 
shiver. 4. To throw down by a violent motion. 5. To 
throw away ; to drive off. 6. To move from firmness ; to 
weaken the stability of ; to endanger ; to threaten to over- 
throw. 7. To cause to waver or doubt ; to impair the 
resolution of; to depress the courage of. 8. To trill. — To 
shake hands : sometimes, to unite with ; to agree or con- 
tract with ; more generally, to take leave of, from the prac- 
tice of shaking hands at meeting and parting. — To shake 
off, to drive oil"; to throw off or down by violence. 

SHaKE, v. i. 1. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory 
motion. 2. To tremble ; to shiver ; to quake ; to quiver ; 
to shudder. 3. To totter. 

SHaKE, n. 1. Concussion ; a vacillating or wavering mo- 
tion ; a rapid motion one way and the other ; agitation. 
2. A trembling or shivering ; agitation. 3. A motion of 
hands clasped. — 4. In music, a trill ; a rapid reiteration of 
two notes comprehending an interval not greater than one 
whole tone, nor less than a semitone. 5. A fissure or rent 
in timber, caused by its being dried too suddenly.— Gwilt. 

SHaKE'DOWN, ft. A temporary substitute for a bed, as 
on chairs, or on the floor; derived, perhaps, originally 
from the shaking down of straw for this purpose. [Eng.] 

SHaK'jE N (shak'n), pp. 1. Impelled with a vacillating mo- 
tion ; agitated. 2. a. Cracked or split. See Shaky. 

SHaK'ER, ft. 1. A person or thing that shakes or agitates. 
Pope. — 2. In the United States, Shakers is the name given 
to a sect of Christians who make dancing a part of their 
worship. 

SHaKTNG, ppr. 1. Impelling to a wavering motion ; caus- 
ing to vacillate or waver ; agitating. 2. Trembling ; shiv- 
ering; quaking. 

SHaK'ING, n. 1. The act of shaking or agitating ; brand- 
ishing. — Job, xli. 2. Concussion. 3. A trembling or shiv- 
ering. 

SHAK'O, n. A military cap. 

SHaK'Y, a. A term applied to timber when naturally full 
of slits or clefts. — Gwilt. 

SHaLL (shal), v. i., verb auxiliary ; pret. should. [Sax. scea- 
lan, scylan. Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imper- 
ative, or participle.] 1. Shall is primarily in the present 
tense. We still use shall and should before another verb 



in the infinitive without the sign to ; but the signification 
of shall is considerably deflected from its primitive sense. 
It is now treated as a mere auxiliary to other verbs, serv- 
ing to form some of the tenses. — In the present tense, shall, 
before a verb in the infinitive, forms the future tense ; but 
its force and effect are different with the different persons 
or personal pronouns. Thus, in the first person, shall 
simply foretells or declares what will take place ; as, ] 
or we shall ride to town on Monday. 2. In the secona 
and third persons, shall implies a promise, command, or 
determination ; as, you shall receive your wages. — 3. Shall 
I go? shall he go ? interrogatively, asks for permission or 
direction. But shall you go ? asks for information of an- 
other's intention. 4. But, after another verb, shall, in the 
third person, simply foretells ; as, he says that he shall 
leave town to-morrow. So, also, in the second person ; 
as, you say that you shall ride to-morrow. 5. After if, 
and some verbs which express condition or supposition, 
shall, in all the persons, simply foretells. — 6. Should, in 
the first person, implies a conditional event. 7. Should, 
though properly the past tense of shall, is often used to 
express a contingent future event ; as, if it should rain to 
morrow. 

f SHALE, v. t. To peel. See Shell. 

SHaLE, n. [Ger. sckale.] 1. A shell or husk. — 2. In geology, 
a fine-grained rock, having a slaty structure. — Dana. 

SHAL-LOON', n. [said to be from Chalons, in France; Sp. 
chaleon.] A slight woolen stuff. — Swift. 

SHAL'LOP, n. [Fr. chaloupe; Sp., Port, chalupa.] A sort 
of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like a 
schooner. 

SHAL-LOT', n. An eschalot, a bulbous plant, resembling 
the garlic. See Eschalot. 

SHAL'LoW, a. [from shoal; Sax. sceol.] 1. Not deep, 
having little depth ; shoal. 2. Not deep ; not entering far 
into the earth. 3. Not intellectually deep ; not profound ; 
not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects ; superficial 
4. Slight : not deep. 

SHAL'LoW, n. A shoal ; a shelf; a flat ; a sand-bank ; any 
place where the water is not deep. — Dryden. 

SHAL'LoW, v. t. To make shallow.— Herbert. [Rare.] 

SHAL'LoW-BRaINJED, a. Weak in intellect; foolish, 
empty-headed. — South. 

SHAL'LoW-SeARCH-ING, a. Searching superficially. 
Milton. 

SHAL'LoW-LY, adv. 1. With little depth. 2. Superficial- 
ly ; simply ; not wisely. 

SHAL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. Want of depth ; small depth. 2. 
Superficialness of intellect; want of power to enter deep 
ly into subjects ; emptiness ; silliness. 

t SHALM ) (shawm), n. [Ger. schalmcie.] A wind instru- 

t SHAWM > ment of music, much like the clarionet in 
form.— Fosbrokc. — Knolles. 

SHA-LoTE', n. The French echalote anglicized ; a bulbous 
plant, resembling the garlic. -See Eschalot. 

SHAL'SToNE, tc. See Tabular spar. 

SHXLT. The second person singular of shall. 

SHI'LY, a. Partaking of the qualities of shale. 

SHAM, n. [W. siom.] That which deceives expectation , 
any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoints ; 
delusion ; imposture. — Addison. [Not an elegant word.] 

SHAM, a. False ; counterfeit ; pretended ; as, a sham fight 

SHAM, v. t. [W. siomi.] 1. To deceive expectation ; fcc 
trick ; to cheat ; to delude with false pretenses ; [not ele- 
gant.] 2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. — To sham 
Abraham, to feign sickness or infirmity. — Goldsmith. See 
Abraham men. 

SHAM, v.i. To make false pretences. — Prior. 

SHAM'-FlGHT, n. A pretended fight or engagement. 

SHAM'AN, ft. A priest, wizard, or conjurer "among the Os- 
tiaks or other idolatrous tribes of the Finnish race, — 
Brande. 

SHAM'AN-ISM, n. The idolatrous worship or religion of 
the Ostiaks, Samoyedes, and other Finnish tribes. 

SHAM'BLE, v. i. To walk awkwardly and unsteadily, as if 
the knees were weak.— Forby. 

SHAM'BLi?S5 (shamTalz), n. pi. [Sax. scamel ; L. scamnum.] 
1. The place where butcher's meat is sold ; a flesh-market 
— 2. In mining, a niche or shelf left at suitable distances 
to receive the ore, which is thrown from one to another, 
and thus raised to the top. 

SHAM'BLING, ppr. or a. Moving with an, awkward, irreg- 
ular, clumsy pace. — Smith. 

SHAM'BLING, «. An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or 
gait. 

SHaME, v. t. 1. To make ashamed ; to excite a conscious- 
ness of guilt or of doing something derogatory to reputa- 
tion ; to cause to blush. 2. To disgrace. 3. To mock at 

SHaME, v. i. To be ashamed. 

SHaME, ft. [Sax. scama, sceam, sceom ; Ger. scham.] 1. A 
painful sensation, excited by a consciousness of guilt or 
of having done something which injures reputation, or by 
the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompt? 



See Synopsis, a, e. T. &c, long.— a., e, 1, &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVF. BOQK 



SHA 



a is 



SHA 



ns to conceai. 2. The cause or reason of shame ; that 
which brings reproach, and degrades a person in the esti- 
mation of others. 3. Reproach ; ignominy ; derision ; 
contempt 4. The parts which modesty requires to be 
covered. 5. Dishonor'; disgrace. — Prov., ix. 

&H.AM.ED,_pp. Made ashamed. 

SHaME'FaCED (-faste), a. Bashful ; easily confused or put 
out of countenance. 

SHaME'FaCED-LY (-faste-le), adv. Bashfully; with ex- 
cessive modesty. — Woolton. 

SHaME'FIC.ED-NESS (-faste-nes), n. Bashfulness ; ex- 
cess of modesty. — Dry den. 

SHaME'FUL, a. [shame and/wW.] 1. That brings shame or 
disgrace; injurious to reputation. 2. Raising shame in 
others. — Syn. Disgraceful ; reproachful ; indecent ; unbe- 
coming ; degrading ; scandalous ; ignominious ; infamous. 

SHaME'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Disgracefully; in a manner to 
bring reproach. 2. With indignity or indecency ; in a 
manner that may cause shame. 

SHaMETUL-NESS, n. Disgracefulness.— Johnson. 

SHaME'LESS, a. [shame and less.] 1. Destitute of shame ; 
wanting modesty ; insensible to disgrace. — Pope. 2. Done 
without shame ; indicating want of shame. — Syn. Impu- 
dent; brazen-faced; unblushing; audacious; immodest; 
indecent; indelicate. 

SHIME'LESS-LY, adv. Without shame ; impudently.— 
Hale. 

SHaME'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of shame ; want of 
sensibility to disgrace or dishonor ; impudence. 

SHaM'ER, n. One who makes ashamed; that which con- 
founds. 

SHIM'ING, ppr. Making ashamed ; causing to blush ; con- 
founding. 

SHAM'MER, n. One who shams ; an impostor. 

SHAM'MY, n. [Fr. chamois ; It. camozza ; Sp. gamuza ; Port. 
gamo.] 1. A species of antelope, resembling a goat ; [see 
Chamois.] 2. A kind of leather, prepared from the skin 
of this animal, and dressed with oil. The name is also 
given to the skins of goats, does, &c, dressed in this man- 
ner. [This word has also been written sliamoy and sham- 
ois. See Chamois.] 

SHAM-POO', ? v. t. [Oriental ?] To rub and percuss the 

CHAM-POO', 5 whole surface of the body, and, at the same 
time, to flex and extend the limbs and rack the joints, in 
connection with the hot bath. 

SHAM-POO.ED', pp. Rubbed, percussed, &c, in connection 
with the hot bath. 

SHAM-POOTNG, ppr. Rubbing and percussing the whole 
surface of the body. &c, in connection with the hot bath. 

6HAM-POO'ING, n. The act or practice of kneading, rub- 
bing, and working any part of the body, as after bathing. 
[Anciently, and now technically, called tripsis.] 

SHAM'ROCK, n. A name now given in Ireland to the 
white trefoil, or white clover ; but the true shamrock, as 
appears from old authors, was the wood-sorrel, oxalis ace- 
tosella. — P. Cyc. 

SHANK, n. [Sax. scanc, sceanc ; Sw. shank.] 1. The whole 
joint, from the knee to the ankle. 2. The tibia or large 
bone of the leg. 3. The long part of an instrument ; the 
shaft of an anchor, having the ring at one end and the 
arms at the other. 4. The space between the two chan- 
nels of the Doric triglyph. — Gwilt. 5. A plant, bryonia. — 
Johnson. 

BHANK'-PIINT-ER, n. With seamen, a short rope and 
chain which sustain the shank and flukes of an anchor 
against the ship's side. 

SHANKED (shankt), a. Having a shank. 

SHANK'ER n. [from Fr. chancre.] A primary syphilitic 
ulcer, occasioned by the application of the specific secre- 
tion from another primary syphilitic ulcer. See Chan- 
cre. 

SHANK'LIN SAND, n. A sandstone with other associated 
deposits, constituting the lower part of the cretaceous 
formation. — Mantell. 

SHAN'SCRIT, n. The Sanscrit, or ancient language of 
Hindostan. See Sanscrit. 

SHAN'TY, for janty, gay; showy. [Not in use, or local] 

SHAN'TY, n. [said to be from Ir. scan, old, and tig, a house.] 
A hut or mean dwelling. 

SHaPE, v. t. ; pret. shaped ; pp. shaped or shapen. [Sax. 
sccapian, sceppan, scipan, or scyppan ; D. schcppen, schaf- 
fen.] 1. To form or create. 2. To mold or m/ike into a 
particular form ; to give form or figure to ; to fashion. 
3. To mold ; to cast ; to regulate ; to adjust ; to adapt to a 
purpose. 4. To direct. 5. To image ; to conceive. 

SHaPE, v. i. To square : to suit ; to be adjusted. 

SHaPE, n. 1. Form or figure as constituted by lines and 
angles. 2. External appearance. 3. The form of the 
trunk of the human body. 4. A being, as endowed with 
form. 5. Idea ; pattern. — Milton. 6. Form ; as, in the 
shape of an answer. 7. Manner. 

6HaP_ED (shapt), ? pp. Formed; molded; cast; con- 

SHIP'^N (shap'n), 5 ceived. 



SHaPE'LESS, a. Destitute of regular form ; wanting sym 
metry of dimensions. — Shak. 

SHaPE'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of regular form. 

SHaPE'LI-NESS, n. [from shapely.] Beauty or proportion 
of form. [Little used.] 

SHaPE'LY, a. [from shape.] Well-formed ; having a regu 
lar shape ; symmetrical. — Warton. 

SHIPE'SMITH, n. One who undertakes to improve the 
form of the body. [In burlesque.] 

SHIP'ING, ppr. Forming ; molding ; casting ; conceiving 
giving form. 

SHaP'ING, n. The act of forming a shape. — Coleridge. 

SHARD, n. [Sax. sceard.] 1. A piece or fragment of an 
earthen vessel, or of any brittle substance ; [obs.] 2. The 
shell of an egg or of a snail. Hence, 3. A hard case that 
covers the wings of certain insects, as the beetle, &c- 
Halliwell. — Smart. 4. A plant, chard. 5. A frith or strait. 
6. A gap. 7. A fish. 

SHARD'BoRNE, a. [shard and borne.] Borne on sharded 
wings, like those of a beetle. — Halliwell. — Smart. — Shak. 

SHaPlD'ED, a. Having wings sheathed with a hard case. 

SHIRE, n. [Sax. scear, sceara.] 1. A part ; a portion ; a 
quantity. 2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a 
number in common. 3. The part of a thing allotted or 
distributed to each individual of a number ; dividend ; 
separate portion. 4. A part belonging to one ; portion 
possessed. 5. A part contributed. 6. The broad iron or 
blade of a plow which cuts the ground ; or furrow-slkt.-. 

— To go shares, to partake ; to be equally concerned. 
SHaRE, v. t. [Sax. scearan, scyran.] 1. To part among two 

or more. 2. To enjoy with others ; to seize and possess 
jointly or in common. 3. To cut ; to shear : [obs.] — Syn. 
To divide ; distribute ; apportion ; parcel ; portion ; allot , 
partake ; participate in. 

SHaRE, v. i. To have part. — Locke. 

SHaRE'-BoNE, n. The os pubis, a bone placed at the up- 
per and fore-part of the pelvis. — Forsyth. 

SHXR.ED, pp. Held or enjoyed with another or others, 
divided; distributed in shares. 

SHaRE'HoLD-ER, n. [share and holder.] One who holds 
or owns a share in a joint fund or property. — Med. Repos 

SHIR'ER, n. A partaker ; one who participates any thing 
with another ; one who enjoys or suffers in common with, 
another or ethers. 

SHaR'ING, ppr. Partaking; having a part with anothei , 
enjoying or suffering with others. 

SHaR'ING, n. Participation. 

SHARK, n. [L. carcharias.] 1. The name commonly giver, 
to many, sometimes to all the voracious cartilaginous 
fishes of the family squalidce (genus squalus, Linn.). Tin 
body is o^ong and tapering, the skm rough and destitute 
of scales, the teeth are arranged iu several rows, cs&f., 
within another, and are usually long, sharp, and triaxgu 
lar, with projections or serraturtd on the sides. On© spe 
cies, the white shark, attains the length of 25 feet. — Pi Gyc 

2. A greedy, artful fellow ; one who fills his packets by , 
sly tricks; [low.] 3. Tt*ck; fraud; petty rapino; [rare.] 

— 4. In New England, one ivho lives by shifts, coaSrivance, 
or stratagem. 

SHARK, v. t. To pick up hastily, slily, or in small quanti- 
ties. — Shak. [Low.] 

SHARK, v. i. 1. To play the petty thief; or, rather, to live 
by shifts and petty stratagems. [In New England, the 
common pronunciation is shurk.] 2. T« cheat ; to trick , 
[low.] 3. To fawn upon for a dinner ; „*> beg. — To shark 
out, to slip out or escape by low artifices ; [vulgar.] 

SHARK'ER, n. One who lives by sharkisg.; an -artful fel 
low. — Wotton, 

SHIRKING, ppr. Picking up in haste;.- living by petty- 
rapine, or by shifts and devices. 

SHIRKING, n. 1. Petty rapine ; triek. — West.field. 2. The . 
seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices. 

SHARP, a. [Sax. scearp ; D. scherp : Ger. scharf; Dan., Sw 
skarp.] 1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; not; 
blunt. 2. Termin?Jting in a point or edge, rot obtuse. 

3. Forming an acutte or too small angle at the ridge. 4 
Having acuteness of mind, or quickness to discern or dis 
tinguish ; ready at invention. 5. Beim, _>f quick or nice 
perception ; [applied to the senses or organs of perception.] < 
6. Affecting the organs of taste, like fine points ; charac- 
terized by sourness or acidity. 7. Afl'e^ing the organs of 
hearing, like sharp points ; shrill, as a sound. 8. Charac- 
terized by severity or harshness of language ; as, sharp 
words. 9. Severely rigid : quick or severe in punishing ; 
cruel; as, a sharp \~tv. — Shak. 10. Eager for food, as an 
appetite. 11. Eager in pursuit ; keen in quest. — Shak 
12. Characterized by keenness, violence, or severity ; as. 
a sharp contest or assault ; sharp pain ; sharp tribula- 
tion. 13. Very attentive or vigilant. — Drydrn. 14. Mak- 
ing nice calculations of profit; or close and exact in mak- 
ing bargains or demanding dues. 15. That bites or pier- 
ces ; pinching ; as, sharp wind or air. 16. Subtile ; nice ; 
having wit or acuteness ; as, a sharp discourse. — Hooker • 



DOVE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K 

M M M 



GasJ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in th 



f Obsolete. 



SHA 



914 



SHE 



irare.\ 17. Among workmen, hard ; as, the sharpest sand. 
— Moxon. 18. Characterized by leanness, thinness, or 
emaciation ; as, a sharp visage. — To brace sharp, in seamen-, 
ship, to turn the yards to the most oblique position possi- 
ble, that the ship may lay well up to the wind. — Syn. 
Keen ; acute ; piercing ; penetrating ; quick ; sagacious : 
discerning; shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid; tart, 
pungent ; acrid ; severe ; poignant ; biting ; acrimonious , 
sarcastic ; cutting ; bitter ; painful ; afflictive ; violent ; 
harsh; fierce; ardent; fiery. 
SHARP, n. 1. In music, an acute sound. 2. A note artifi- 
. i lly raised a semitone ; or, 3. The character #, which 
directs the note to be thus elevated ; opposed to a flat. 

4. A pointed weapon ; [obs.] 

SHARP, v. t. 1. To make keen or acute. 2. To render 
quick. 3. To mark with a sharp, in musical composition ; 
or to raise a note a semitone. 

SHARP, v. i. To play tricks in bargaining ; to act the 
sharper. 

SHARP'-EDGED (-ejd), a. Having a fine, keen edge. 

SHaRP'-POINT-ED, a. Having a sharp point. 

SHARP'-SET, a. 1. Eager in appetite ; affected by keen 
hunger ; ravenous. 2. Eager in desire of gratification. 

SHARP'-SHOOT-ER, n. One skilled in shooting at an ob- 
ject with exactness ; one skilled in the use of the rifle. 

SHARP'-SHOOT-ING, n. A shooting with great precision 
and effect. 

SHARP'-SlGHTED, a. 1. Having quick or acute sight. 
2. Having quick discernment or acute understanding. 

SHARP'-SlGHTED-NESS (-sit'ed-nes), n. The state of 
having acute sight. 

SHARP'- VIS-AGjED, a. Having a sharp or thin face. 

SHARP'-WIT-TED, a. Having an acute or nicely discern- 
ing mind. — Wotton. 

SHARPS D (sharpt), pp. or a. 1. Made keen. 2. Marked 
with a sharp, in musical composition. 

SHARP'.EN_ED, pp. or a. Made sharp; edged; pointed; 
rendered more active, acute, keen, &c. 

SHARPEN (sharp'n), v. t. [Ger. scharfen ; D. scherpen ; 
Sw. skarpa.] 1. To make sharp ; to give a keen edge or 
fine point to a thing ; to edge ; to point. 2. To make 
more eager or active. 3. To make more pungent and 
painful. 4. To make more quick, acute, or ingenious. 

5. To render perception more quick or acute. 6. To ren- 
der more keen ; to make more eager for food or for any 
gratification. 7. To make biting, sarcastic, or severe. 8. 
To render less flat, or more shrill or piercing. 9. To make 
more tart or acid ; to make sour. 10. To make more dis- 
tressing. — 11. In music, to raise a sound by means of a 
sharp. — Prof. Fisher. 

.-4HARP'_EN, v. i. To grow or become sharp. — Shah. 

3HARP\E N-ING, #pr. See the verb. 

SHARP'ER, n. A shrewd man in making bargains ; a trick- 
ing fellow ; a cheat in bargaining or gaming. 

SHARP'ING, ppr. 1. Making keen or acute. 2. Marking 
with a sharp, in musical composition. 

9HARP'LY, adv. 1. With a keen edge or a fine point. 2. 
Severely ; rigorously ; roughly. 3. Keenly ; acutely ; vig- 
orously. 4. Violently ; vehemently. 5. With keen per- 
ception ; exactly ; minutely. 6. Acutely ; wittily ; with 
nice discernment. 

SHARP'NESS, n. 1. Keenness of an edge or point. 2. Not 
obtuseness. 3. Pungency ; acidity ; sourness. 4. Pun- 
gency of pain ; keenness ; severity of pain or affliction. 
5. Painfulness ; afflictiveness. 6. ;Severity of language ; 
pungency ; satirical sarcasm. — Vryden. 7. Acuteness of 
intellect ; the power of nice discernment ; sagacity ; 
penetration ; quickness of understanding ; ingenuity. 8. 
Quickness of sense or perception. 9. Keenness ; severi- 
ty, as of the air. 

SHASH. Sec Sash. 

SHAS'TER, ) 72. Among the Hindoos, a law or institutes ; 

SHAS'TRA, 5 applied particularly to a book containing the 
institutes of their religion, considered of divine authority. 
The term is applied, in a wider sense, to treatises contain- 
ing the laws or institutes of the various arts and sciences ; 
as rhetoric. — Wilson's Sanscrit Diet. [Sastr a is the orig- 
inal word.] 

SHATTER., v. t. [D. schateren.] 1. To break at once into 
many pieces ; to dash, burst, rend, or part by violence 
into fragments. 2. To rend ; to crack ; to split ; to rive 
into splinters. 3. To dissipate ; to make incapable of close 
and continued application. 4. To disorder ; to derange ; 
to render delirious. 

SHATTER, v. i. To be broken into fragments ; to fall or 
crumble to pieces by any force applied. 

SHATTER-BRAINED, \a. 1. Disordered or wandering 

SHATTER-PAT-ED, 5 in intellect. 2. Heedless ; wild ; 
not consistent. 

SHATTERED, pp. or a. Broken or dashed to pieces ; rent. 

SHATTERING, ppr. Dashing or breaking to pieces. 
. SHATTERS, n. pi. The fragments of any thing forcibly 
rent or broken. — Swift. 



SHAT'TER-Y, a. Brittle ; easily falling into many pieces 
not compact; loose of texture. 

SHAVE, v. t. ; pret. shaved ; pp. shaved or shaven. fSax 
sceafan, scafan ; D. schaaven ; Ger. schaoen ; Dan. shaver. 
1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of t 
body, by a razor or other edged instrument.— 2. To sJiaix 
off, to cut off. 3. To pare close. 4. To cut oft thin slices 
or to cut in thin slices. 5. To skim along the surface oi 
near it ; to sweep along. 6. To strip ; to oppress by ex 
tortion ; to fleece. 7. To make smooth by paring or cut- 
ting oft' slices. — To shave a note, to purchase it at a great 
discount, or to take interest upon it much beyond the le- 
gal rate ; [a low phrase.] 

SHaVE, n. [Sw. skaf; Ger. schabe ; Sax. scafa, sceaja.} 
An instrument with a long blade and a handl'j at each 
end, for shaving hoops, <fcc. 

SHaVE'-GRASS, n. A plant ; the Dutch rush, or scouring 
rush, of the genus cquisetum. 

SHaVED, pp. Pared ; made smooth with a razor or other 
cutting instrument ; fleeced. 

SHaVE'LING, n. A man shaved ; a friar or religious.— 
Spenser ; [in contempt.] 

SHAVER, n. 1. One who shaves, or whose occupation is 
to shave. 2. One who is close in bargains, or a sharp 
dealer. 3. One who fleeces ; a pillager ; a plunderer. 

SHaV'ER, n. [Gipsy, tschabe or tschawo.] A boy or young 
man. — Halliwell. [This word is still in common use in 
New England.] 

SHAVING, ppr. Paring the surface with a razor or other 
sharp instrument ; making smooth by paring ; fleecing. 

SHAVING, n. 1. The act of paring the surface. 2. A thin 
slice pared ofl". 

SHAW, 7i. [Sax. scua, scuwa ; Sw. skugga ; Dan. skoveJ A 
thicket ; a small wood or grove. [Local in England.'] 

SHAW-FOWL, n. [shaw and fowl.] The representation or 
image of a fowl, made by fowlers to shoot at. 

SHAWL, n. A cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or hair, used by- 
females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. 

t SHAWM, n. [Ger. schalmeie.] A wind instrument of mu- 
sic, having much the form of the clarionet ; now super- 
seded by the hautboy and bassoon. — Com. Prayer. — Fos 
broke. [Written, also, shalm.] 

SHE, pronoun personal of the. feminine gender. [Sax. seo ; 
Goth, si ; D. zy ; Ger. sie.] 1. A pronoun which is the 
substitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine 
gender ; the word which refers to a female mentioned ir. 
the preceding or following part of a sentence or discourse. 
2. She is sometimes used as a noun, for woman or female, 
and in the plural; [but in contempt or in ludicrous lan- 
guage.] 3. She is used also in composition, for femalt. 
representing sex ; as, a sAe-bear. 

SHeADTNG, n. [G. scheiden ; Sax. sceadan.] In the Isle of 
Man, a riding, tithing, or division. 

SHeAF (sheet), n. ; pi. Sheaves. [Sax. sceaf; D. schoof.) 

1. A quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats, or barley 
bound together ; a bundle of stalks or straw. 2. Any bun- 
dle or collection. — 3. In mechanics, see Sheave. 

SHe AF, v. t. To collect and bind ; to make sheaves. — Shak 

SHE AF'Y, a. Pertaining to or consisting of sheafs. — Gay 

SHeAL. See Sheeling. 

t SHE AL, v. t. To shell or take off husks.— Shak. 

SHE AR, v. t. ; pret. sheared ; pp. sheared or shorn. The old 
pret., shore, is entirely obsolete. [Sax. scearan, scyran, sci- 
ran ; G. scheren.] 1. To cut or clip something from the 
surface with an instrument of two blades. 2. To separate 
by shears. 3. To reap. — Gower ; [obs.] 

SHeAR, v. i. To deviate. See Sheer. 

SHeAR'-BILL, n. A water-fowl, the bjack skimmer. 

SHeAR'-STEEL, n. Steel prepared, by a peculiar process, 
for making clothiers' shears, scythes, &c. — Francis. 

SHeAR'-WA-TER, 72. 1. A web-footed water-fowl of the 
genu3 rhynchops ; also called cut-water and black skimmer. 
It takes its food by skimming along the surface of the wa- 
ter with its sharp and thin lower mandible plunged be 
neath the surface.- P. Cyc. 2. A name of certain web- 
footed sea-fowls, also called puffins, allied to the petrels 
P. Cyc. 

SHeARD, 72. A shard or fragment. See Shard. 

SHEARED, pp. Clipped ; deprived of wool, hair, or nap by 
means of shears. 

SHeAR'ER, 72. One who shears. — Milton. 

SHeAR'HSTG, ppr. Clipping; depriving of wool, hair, or nap 
by means of shears. 

SHeAR'ING, 72. The act of shearing. 

SHeAR'LING, 72,. A sheep that has been but once sheared. 

SHeAR'MAN, 72. One whose occupation is to shear cloth 

SHEARS (sheerz), n. pi. [from the verb.] 1. An instm 
ment consisting of two blades with a bevel edge, movable 
on a pin, used for cutting cloth and other substances. The 
shears used by farriers, sheep shearers, &c, are made of a 
single piece of steel, bent round until the blades meet 
which open of themselves, by the elasticity of the meta! 

2. Wings ; [obs.] 3. An engine for raising heavy weights , 



See Synapsis I, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c , short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARlNE. BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



SHE 



915 



SHE 



[see Sheers.] 4. The denomination of the age of sheep 
from the cutting of the teeth ; [local.] 

SHeAT See Sheet 

SHeAT'-FISH ti. [G. scheide.] A large fresh-water fish of 
the genus silurus, with a long, thick, slimy body, without 
scales. 

SHE ATH, n. [Sax. sceatk, scathe ; G. scheide ; D. scheede.] 
1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and 
slender instrument ; a scabbard. — 2. In botany, a mem- 
brane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses. 3. Any 
thin covering for defense ; the wing-case of an insect. 

^jHlATH'-WING.ED, a. [sheath and whig.] Having cases 
for covering the wings. — Brown. 

SHeATHE, v. t. 1. To put into a case or scabbard. 2. To 
inclose or cover with a sheath or case. 3. To cover or line. 

4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious or sharp particles. 

5. To fit with a sheath. — Shak. 6. To case or cover with 
boards or with sheets of copper. — To sheathe the sword, a 

figurative phrase, to put an end to war or enmity ; to make 
peace. 

SHeATH_ED, pp. 1. Put in a sheath; inclosed or covered 
with a case ; covered ; fined ; invested with a membrane. 
—2. a. In botany, vaginate ; invested with a sheath. 

SHeATHER, n. One who sheathes. 

SHeATHTNG,£7J7\ Putting in a sheath ; inclosing in a case ; 
covering ; lining ; investing with a membrane. 

SHE ATH'ING, n. The casing or covering of a ship's bottom 
and sides ; or the materials'for such covering. 

SHeATH'LESS, a. Without a sheath or case Tor covering ; 
unsheathed. — Percy's Masque. 

SHeATH'Y, a. Forming a sheath or case.— Brown. 

SHE AVE, n. In seamen's language, a wheel in a block, rail, 
mast, yard, &c, on which the rope works. 

\ SHEAVE, v. t. To bring together ; to collect. 

r SHEA VEB,_a. Made of straw.— Shak. 

SHeAVE'-HoLE, n. A channel cut in a mast, yard, or ott- 
er timber, in which to fix a sheave. — Mar. Diet. 

SHE-GHrNAH. See Shekixah. 

\ SHE€K'LA-TON, n. [Fr. ciclaton.] A kind of gilt leather. 

SHED. v. t. ; pret. and pp. sited. [Sax. scedan.] 1. To cause 
or suffer to flow out. 2. To let fall ; to cast. 3. To scat- 
ter ; to emit; to throw off; to diffuse. [The peculiar 
ense of this word is, to cast off something that belongs to 
lie body, either a substance or a quality. Applied to ani- 
mals and plants, it expresses a periodical casting off of a 
natural covering.] 

tiHED, v. i. To let fall its parts.— Mortimer. 

SHED, n. [Sax. seed; Sw. skydd.] 1. A slight building; a 
covering of timber and boards, fee., for shelter against rain 
and the Inclemencies of weather ; a poor house or hovel. 
— 2. In composition, effusion, as in hloodi-shed. 

SHED, v. t. To keep off; to prevent from entering. 

SHED'DER n. One who sheds or causes to flow out. 

SHED'DING, ppr. Effusing; causing to flow out ; letting 
fall; casting; throwing off ; sending out; diffusing. 

SHEDT)ING,~72. 1. That which is cast off. 2. The act of 
casting off or out 

SHEEL'ING, n. See Shieling. 

SHEEN, ) a. [Sax. scene, seen.] Bright ; glittering ; showy. 

SHEENY', 5 —Fairfax. 

SHEEN, n. Brightness; splendor. — Milton. 

SHEEP, it. sing, and pi. [Sax. sceap, seep ; G. schaf ; D. 
schaap.] 1. An animal of the genus ovis. — 2. In contempt, a 
silly fellow. — 3. Figuratively, God's people are called sheep. 

t SHEEP'-BlTE, v. t. To practice petty thefts. 

y SHEEP'-BlT-ER n. One who practices petty thefts. 

SHEEP'-€OT, 7i. A small inclosure for sheep ; a pen. 

SHEEP'S'-EYE (-1), 7i. [sheep and eye.] A modest, diffident 
look, such as lovers cast at their mistresses. — Dryden. 

SHEEP'S -HEAD (-hed), n. [sheep and head.] A fish caught 
on the shores of Connecticut and of Long Island, so named 
from the shape of its head. It is allied to the gilt-head and 
sea-bream. 

SHEEP'-HOOK, n. A hook fastened to a pole, by which 
shepherds lay hold on the legs of their sheep. 

SHEEP'-MaR-KET, 7i. A place where sheep are sold. 

SHEEP'-MaS-TER, n. [sheep and master.] A feeder of 
sheep ; one who has the care of sheep. 

SHEEP'-SHANK, ti. Among seamen, a peculiar kin J of knot 
in a rope, made to shorten it temporarily. — Totten. 

SHEEP'-SH£AR-ER, n. One who shears sheep. 

SHEEP'-SHeAR-ING. n. 1. The act of shearing sheep. 2. 
The time of shearing sheep ; also, a feast made on that oc- 
casion. 

SHEEP'-SKIN, n. The skin of a sheep ; or leather pre- 
pared from it. 

SHEEP'S'-SORREL, n. An herb, rumex acetosella, growing 
naturally on poor, dry, gravelly soil. — Loudon. 

SHEEP'-STeAL-ER, n. [sheep and steal] One who steals 
sheep. 

SHEEP'-STeAL-ING, ti. The act of stealing sheep. 

SHEEP'-WALK (-wawk). n. [sheep and 7calk.] Pasture for 
sheep ; a place where sheep feed. — Milton. 



A place where sheep 



timorous to ex- 
I. Pertaining tc 



SHEEP'FoLD, 7.:. [sheep and fold.] 
are collected or confined. — Prior. 
SHEEPISH, a. 1. Like a sheep ; bashful 
cess ; over-modest ; meanly diffident, 
sheep. 
SHEEPaSH-LY, adv. Bashfully ; with mean timidity. 
SHEEP'ISH-NESS, n. Bashfulness ; excessive modesty or 

diffidence ; mean timorousness. — Herbert. 
SHEER, a. [Sax. scir, scyr ; G.schier; Dan. skier.] 1. Pure 
clear ; separate from any thing foreign ; unmingled. 
Shak. 2. Clear; thin. 

t SHEER, adv. Clean ; quite ; at once.— Milton. 

t SHEER, v. t. To shear.— Dryden. 

SHEER, v. i. 1. In seamen's language, to decline or deviuuo 
from the line of the proper course, as a ship when not 
steered with steadiness. 2. To slip or move aside. — To 
sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance. — To sheer up, 
to turn and approach to a place or ship. 

SHEER n. 1. The longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's 
deck or sides. 2. The position in which a" ship is some- 
times kept at single anchor, to keep her clear of it. 

SHEER-HULK, n. An old ship of war cut down to the 
lower deck and fitted with sheers or apparatus to fix or 
take out the masts of other ships. 

t SHEER'LY, adv. At once ; quite ; absolutely. 

SHEERS, n. pi. An engine consisting of two or more pieces 
of timber or poles, fastened together near the top ; used 
for raising heavy weights. 

SHEET, n. [Sax. sceat, sceta, scyta ; L. scheda.] 1. A broad 
piece of cloth used as a part of bed-furniture next to the 
body. 2. A broad piece of paper as it comes from the 
manufacturer. 3. A piece of paper printed, folded, and 
bound, or formed into a book. 4. Any thing expanded. 
— 5. Sheets, pi., a book or pamphlet. 6. A sail. 

SHEET, 77. [Fr. ecoute ; Sp., Port, escota.] In nautical lan- 
guage, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners 
of a sail, to extend and retain it in a particular situation. 

SHEET, v. t. 1. To furnish with sheets ; [rare.] 2. To fold 
in a sheet ; [rare.] 3. To cover, as with a sheet ; to cover 
with something broad and thin. 

SHEET-ANCH-OR, n. 1. The largest anchor of a ship, en 
which, in cases of extremity, its safety depends. 2. The 
chief support ; the last refuge for safety. 

SHEET'-GOP-PER n. Copper in broad, thin plates. 

SHEET'-I-RON, n. Iron in sheets, or broad, thin plates. 

SHEET'-LEAD (-led), n. Lead in sheets. 

SHEETING, n. A kind of linen or cotton cloth fit for mak- 
ing bed-sheets. 

SHEIK (sheek or shake. The latter is more nearly the pro- 
nunciation of Arabic scholars), n. Among the Arabian* 
and Moors, an old man; and hence, a chief; a lord; n 
man of eminence. Also written sheikh. 

SHEK'iSL, n. [Heb.] An ancient weight and coin amoB^ 
the Jews and other nations of the same stock, equal to 20 
gerahs. In weight it was about half an ounce avoirdupois. 
Some have valued it at about 2s. 3%d. sterling; but lafc: 
writers make it nearly 2s. Ihd. sterling, or about 60 cents. 
—P. Cyc— Winer. 

SHE-Kl'NAH, n. In Jewish history, that miraculous light or 
visible glory which was a symbol of the Divine presence 
— Encyc. Am. 

SHELD, a. Speckled. 

SHELD'A-FLE (-a-fl), ? n. A chaffinch. This word is also 

SHELDA-PLE (-a-pl), j written shell-apple. 

SHEL'DRaKE, n. An aquatic fowl, an elegant species of 
duck, much esteemed for food. 

SHELL) U€K, 72. A species of wild duck. See Sheldrake. 

SHELF, 72. ,• pi. Shelves. [Sax. scylf] 1. A board or plat- 
form of boards or planks, elevated above the floor, and 
fixed or set horizontally on a frame, or contiguous to a 
wall, for holding vessels, utensils, books, and the like. 2. 
A sand-bank in the sea, or a rock or ledge of rocks. — 3. In 
mining, a stratum lying in a very even manner ; a flat, 
projecting layer of rock. — Hebert. 

SHELFY, a. 1. Full of shelves ; abounding with sand- 
banks or rocks. 2. Hard ; firm ; [obs.] 

SHELL, 72. [Sax. scyl, scyll, sccll.] 1. The hard or stony 
covering of certain fruits ; the testaceous or crustaceous 
covering of certain animals. 2. The outer coat of an egg. 
3. The outer part of a house unfinished. 4. A coarse? 
kind of coffin. — Smart. 5. An instrument of music, likr 
testudo in Latin. 6. The outer frame or case of a block 
— Totten. 7. Outer or superficial part. 8. A hollow sphere 
of iron, which, being filled with gunpowder and fired from 
a mortar or howitzer, bursts into pieces ; a bomb. — Fossil 
shells, shells dug from the earth. 

SHELL, r. t. 1. To strip or break off the shell ; or to take 
out of the shell. 2. To separate from the ear. 

SHELL, v. i. 1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, nr exterior 
coat. 2. To cast the shell or exterior covering. 8. To be 
disengaged from the husk. 

SHELL'-BaRK. n. A species of hickory whose bark is loos* 
and peeling ; shag-bark. 



D6 VE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K : G as J : S as Z . cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SHE 



916 



SHI 



SHELL -FISH, n. A testaceous mollusk whose external 
covering consists of a shell, as clams, oysters, &c. 

SKELL'-MaRL, n. A deposit of shells which have been 
disintegrated into a gray or white pulverulent mass. 

SHELL'-MeAT, n. Food consisting of shell-lish. 

SHELL-W6RK (-wurk), n. Work composed of shells or 
adorned with them. — Cotgrave. 

SHEL'L A€, ? n. The resin lac spread into thin plates, aft- 

SHELL'-LA-G, 5 er being melted and strained. — Tire. 

SHELLED (sheld), pp. or a. Deprived of the shell; also, 
separated from the ear. 

.SHELLING, ppr. 1. Taking off the shell ; casting the cov- 
ering. 2. Separating from the ear. 

SHELLS, n. pi. The husks or envelopes of the nuts of the 
cacao-tree, a decoction of which, in boiling water, is used 
as a substitute for chocolate, cceoa, &c. — M'Culloch. 

SHELL'Y, a. 1. Abounding with shells. 2. Consisting of 
shells. 

SHELTER, n. [Sw. skyla ; Dan. skiul] 1. That which cov- 
ers or defends from injury or annoyance. 2. The state of 
being covered and protected. 3. He who defends or guards 
from danger; a protector. Ps. Ixi.— Syn. Asymm ; ref- 
uge ; retreat ; covert ; sanctuary ; protection ; defense ; 
security. 

SHELTER, v. t. 1. To cover from violence, injury, annoy- 
ance, or attack. 2. To defend ; to protect from danger ; 
to secure or render safe ; to harbor. 3. To betake to cov- 
er or a safe place. 4. To cover from notice ; to disguise 
for protection. 

SHELTER, v. i. To take shelter.— Milton. 

SHELTERED, pp. or a. Covered from injury or annoy- 
ance; defended; protected. 

SHEL'TER-ING, ppr. Covering from injury or annoyance ; 
protecting. 

SHELTER-LESS, a. Destitute of shelter or protection ; 
without home or refuge. — Rowe. 

SHELTER- Y, a. Affording shelter.— White. [Little used.] 

SHELTlE, n. A Shetland pony. — Buchanan. 

\ SHELVE (shelv), v. t. To place on a shelf or on shelves. 

SHELVE (shelv), v. i. [Sax. scylfan.] To incline; to be 
sloping. 

SHELVING, ppr. or a. Inclining ; sloping ; having declivity. 

SHELV'Y, a. Full of rocks or sand-banks ; shallow. 

SHEM'tTE, n. A descendant of Shem. 

SHEM-ITIC, a. Pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah.— The 
Shemitic languages are the Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, He- 
brew, Samaritan, Ethiopic, and Old Phenician. 

SHEM'IT-ISM, n. The system or peculiar forms of the 
Shemitic languages. 

r SHEND, v. t. ; pret. and pp. shent. [Sax. scendan ; D. schen- 
den.] 1. To injure, mar, or spoil. 2. To blame, reproach, 
revile, degrade, disgrace. 3. To overpower or surpass. — 
Spenser. 

\ SHENT, pp. Injured ; blamed ; disgraced. 

SHe'oL, n. [Heb.] The place of departed spirits ; Hades. 

SHEP'HERD (shep'perd), n. [Sax. sceap-heard or hyrd.] 1. 
A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep 
in the pasture. 2. A swain ; a rural lover. 3. The pastor 
of a parish, church, or congregation. — God and Christ are, 
in Scripture, denominated shepherds, as they lead, protect, 
and govern their people, and provide for their welfare. 

SHEP 'HERD-ESS, n. A woman who tends sheep ; hence, 
a rural lass. — Sidney. 

SHEPTIERD-ISH, a. Resembling a shepherd; suiting a 
shepherd; pastoral; rustic. — Sidney. 

SHEP'HERD-ISM, n. Pastoral life or occupation. 

SHEP'HERD-LY, a. Pastoral; rustic— Taylor. 

SHEP'HERD'S NEETDLE, n. An annual plant of the genus 
scandix ; Venus's comb. 

SHEP'HERD'S POUCH, \ n. An annual cruciferous plant 

SHEP'HERD'S PURSE, 5 of " 
Linn.). 

SHEP'HERD'S ROD, n. A plant ; teasel. 

SHEP'HERD'S STIFF, n. A plant of the teasel kind. 

* SHER'BET, n. [Pers.] A drink composed of water, lem- 
on-juice, and sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes dis- 
solved in it, with an effusion of some drops of rose-water 
or other ingredients, to give it an agreeable taste. — P. Cyc. 

SHERD, n. A fragment ; as, pot sherd ; usually written shard. 

SHER'IF, / n. An Arabic word, which means noble, il- 

SHER'EEF, 5 lustrious, given, in Arabia, Egypt, and Bar- 
bary, as a title to the descendants of Mohammed. The 
chief magistrate of Mecca, &c, has this title. — P. Cyc. 
This word is also written scheriff and sherriffe. 

SHERIFF, n. [Sax. scir-gerefa. This word, from its deriva- 
tion, would more properly be written sherif.] An officer 
in each county to whom is intrusted the execution of the 
laws. 
STTFT?'TFF-AT -'PY 1 

SHER'IFF-D6M ' n ' ^ ae on ^ ce or jurisdiction of sheriff. 
BHFR'IFF SHIP ( [I believe none of these words are now 
SHER/IFF-Wick J in use -] See Shrievalty. 
SHERTtY, n. [sometimes written sherris.) A strong wine 



the genus capsella (thlaspi, 



of a deep amber color, and having, when good, an aromat 
ic odor ; so called from Xeres, near Cadiz, in Spain, wher«r 
it is made. 

SHEW (sho), ) 

SHEWED (shode), > See Show, Showed, Shown. 

SHEWN (shone). ) 

SHEW'-BReAD (sho'-bred). See Show-bread. 

SHEW'ER (sho'er), n. One who shows. See Shower. 

SHEWING (sho'ing). See Showing. 

SHif'AH. See Shiites. 

SHIB'BO-LETH, n. [Heb.] 1. A word which was made the 
criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites from the 
Gileadites. 2. The criterion of a party ; or that which 
distinguishes one party from another. — South. 

SHlDE, n. [Sax. sceadan.] A piece split oft"; a cleft; a 
piece; a billet of wood ; a splinter. [Local in England.] 

SHlE (shi), v. t. To throw ; as, to shie a stone ; often spelled 
shy. — Halliwell. [ Various dialects.] 

SHIELD (sheeld), n. [Sax. scyld; D., G. schild.] 1. A broad 
piece of defensive armor ; a buckler ; used in war for the 
protection of the body. 2. Defense ; shelter ; protection ; 
or the person who defends or protects. — 3. In heraldry, the 
escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in 
coats of arms. — 4. In botany, a name given to the little col- 
ored cups or lines with a hard disk, surrounded by a rim. 
and containing the fructification of lichens. — Lindley. 

SHIELD, v.t. 1. To cover, as with a shield ; to cover from 
danger ; to defend ; to protect ; to secure from assault or 
injury. 2. To ward off; to defend against. 

SHIeLD'ED, pp. Covered, as with a shield ; defended ; 
protected. 

SHIELDING, ppr. Covering, as with a shield ; defending 
from attack or injury ; protected. 

SHIeLDTESS, a. Destitute of a shield or of protection. 

SHIeLD'LESS-LY, adv. Without protection. 

SHIeLD'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of a shield or of pro- 
tection. 

SHIFT, v. i. [Sax. scyftan ; D. schiften ; Dan. skifte.] 1. 
To move ; to change place or position. 2. To change its 
direction ; to vary. 3. To change ; to give place to other 
things. 4. To change clothes, particularly the under gar- 
ment or chemise. 5. To resort to expedients for a liveli- 
hood, or for accomplishing a purpose. 6. To practice in- 
direct methods. 7. To seek methods of safety. 8. To 
change place. 

SHIFT, v. t. 1. To change ; to alter. 2. To transfer from 
one place or position to another. 3. To put out of the way 
by some expedient. 4. To change, as clothes. 5. To dress 
in fresh clothes.— To shift about, to turn quite round, to a 
contrary side or opposite point.— To shift off. 1. To de 
lay ; to defer. 2. To put away. 

SHIFT, n. 1. A change ; a turning from one thing to anoth- 
er ; hence, an expedient tried in difficulty ; one thing tried 
when another fails. — 2. In a bad sense, mean refuge ; last 
resource or alternative. 3. Fraud ; artifice ; expedient to 
effect a bad purpose ; or an evasion; a subterfuge; a trick 
to escape detection or evil. 4. A woman's under garment ; 
a chemise. 

SHIFTED, pp. Changed from one place or position to an- 
other. 

SHIFTER, n. 1. One who shifts; the person who plays 
tricks or practices artifice. — 2. In ships, a person employed 
to assist the ship's cook in washing, steeping, and shifting 
the salt provisions. 

SHIFTING, ppr. or a. Changing place or position ; resort- 
ing from one expedient to another. 

SHIFTING, n. Act of shifting. 

SHIFTTNG-LY, adv. By shifts and changes ; deceitfully. 

SHIFTLESS, a. Destitute of expedients, or not resorting 
to successful expedients ; wanting means to act or live. 

SHIFTLESS-LY, adv. In a shiftless manner. 

SHIFTLESS-NESS, n. A state of being shiftless. 

SHiTTES, n. pi. [heretics ; from shiah, heresy.] That branch 
of the Mohammedans to which the Persians belong. They 
reject the first three caliphs, and consider Ali as being the 
first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They do 
not acknowledge the Sunnaor body of traditions respecting 
Mohammed as any part of the law, and on these account? 
are treated as heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mo 
hammedans. — P. Cyc. 

SHILF, n. [G. schilf sedge.] Straw.— Tooke. 

t SHILL. To shell. 

SHILL, v. t. To put under cover ; to sheal. [Not in use, n 
local.] 

SHIL-Ll'LY. In. An oaken sapling or cudgel, said to b. 

SHIL-La'LAH, > from a wood in Ireland of that name, fa 
mous for its oaks. — Grose. [Irish.] Also spelled shillel$ 
shillelah. 

SHIL'LING, n. [Sax. scill, scilling ; G. schilling ; D. schel 
ling; Sw., Dan. skilling.] An English silver coin am 
money of account, equal to twelve pence, or the twenti- 
eth part of a pound. The English shilling, or shilling ster- 
ling, is equal to about 23 cents. The shilling used as mon 



•Sfee Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, T, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;- MARi'NE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



SHI 



917 



SHi 



ej of account in the New England States and Virginia is 
equal to 16§ cents ; in New York and North Carolina it is 
equal to 12£ cents. 

SHIL'LY-SHAL'LY, n. [Russ. shalyu, to play the fool.] 
Foolish trifling; irresolution. [Vulgar. This word has 
probably been written skill- I-shall-I from an ignorance of 
its origin.] 

SHl'LY. See Shyly. 

SKIM, n. A tool used in tillage, to break down the land or 
to cut it up and clear it of weeds. — Farm. Encyc. 

\ SHIM'MER, v. i. [Sax. scymrian ; G. schimmern ; D. schem- 
ercn.] To gleam ; to glisten. — Chaucer. 

SHIN, n. [Sax. scina, scyne ; G. schiene.] The fore-part of 
the leg, particularly of the buman leg. 

SHlNE, v. i. ; pret. skined or shone ; pp. shined or shone. 
[Sax. scinan ; G. scheinen.] 1. To emit rays of light ; to 
give light with steady radiance ; to exhibit brightness or 
splendor.— Shining- difters from sparkling, glistening, glit- 
tering, as it usually implies a steady radiation or emission 
of light, whereas the latter words usually imply irregular 
• or interrupted radiation. This distinction is not always 
observed, and we may say that the fixed stars shine, as 
well as sparkle; but we never say the sun or the moon 
sparkles. 2. To be bright; to be lively and animated; to 
be brilliant. 3. To be unclouded. 4. To be glossy or 
bright, as silk. 5. To be gay or splendid. 6. To be beau- 
tiful. 7. To be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished. 8. 
To give light, real or figurative. 9. To manifest glorious 
excellences. — Ps. lxxx. 10. To be clearly published. — 7s., 
ix. 11. To be conspicuously displayed ; to be manifest. — 
To C2use tlie face to shine, to be propitious. Num., vi. — 
Syn. To radiate; beam; gleam; glare; glisten ; glitter; 
sparkle ; coruscate. 

SHlNE, n. 1. Fair weather. 2. Brightness; splendor; lus- 
tre : gloss. 

SHTN'ER, n. 1. A small fresh- water fish of the minnow kind, 
so called from its shining appearance. — Storer. 2. A cant 
name for bright pieces of money; [vulgar. ,] 

SHi'NESS. See Shyness. 

SHIN"GLE (shing'gl), n. [G. schindel ; L. scindula.] 1. A 
thin board sawed or rived for covering buildings, and hav- 
ing one end thicker than the other. 2. Round, water- 
worn, and loose gravel and pebbles, or a collection of 
roundish stones on shores and coasts.— Shingle ballast is 
ballast composed of gravel. 

SHIN"GLE (shing'gl), v. t. To cover with shingles. 

SHIN'GLE- ROOFED (shing'gl-rooft), a. Having a roof cov- 
ered with shingles. — Blackwood. 

SHIN"GLjED (shing'gld), pp. or a. Covered with shingles. 

SHIN"GL.ES, n. [L. cingulum.] A kind of herpes which 
spreads around the body like a girdle ; an eruptive disease. 

SHIN"GL1NG, ppr. Covering with shingles. 

SHIN"GLING. n. The act of covering with shingles ; a cov- 
ering of shingles. 

SHIN'GLY, a. Abounding with gravel or shingle. 

SHlNTNG, ppr. 1. Emitting light ; beaming; gleaming. 2. 
a. Characterized by brightness or radiance. 3. Distin- 
guished ; conspicuous.— Syn. Glistening ; bright ; radi- 
ant; resplendent: effulgent; lustrous; brilliant; glitter- 
ing; splendid; illustrious. 

SHlN'lNG, n. Effusion or clearness of light , brightness. 

SHlNTNG-NESS, n. Brightness ; splendor.— Spenser. 

SHiN'Y, a. Bright ; luminous ; clear ; unclouded. 

SHIP, as a termination, denotes state or office, as in lordship. 

SHIP. See Shape. 

SHIP, n. [Sax. scip, scyp ; D. schip ; G. schiff.] In a general 
sense, a large vessel adapted to navigation, or floating on 
water by means of sails. — In an appropriate sense, a build- 
ing of a structure or form fitted for navigation, furnished 
with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a fore-mast, 
and a mizzen-mast, each of which is composed of a lower- 
mast a top-mast, and top-gallant-mast, and square-rigged. 
— A ship of the line is usually a vessel of war of the rate 
of 74 guns or more. — Armed ship, in English usages of 
war, a private ship taken into the service of the govern- 
ment in time of war, and armed and equipped like a ship 
of war. — Brande. 

SHIP, v. t. [Sax. scipian.] 1. To put on board of a ship or 
vessel of any kind. 2. To transport in a ship ; to convey 
by water. 3. To engage for service on board of a ship ; 
as, to ship seamen. 4. To receive into a ship or vessel. 
5. To fix any thing in its place; as, to skip the tiller. — 
Totten. 
SHIP, v. i. To engage for service on board of a ship. — 

Totten. 
SHIP'-BOY, 7i. A boy who serves on board of a ship. 
SHIP'-BRo-KER n. A broker who procures insurance and 

performs other business for ships. 
SHIP'-BUiLD-ER (-bild-er), n. A man whose occupation is 
to construct ships and other vessels ; a naval architect ; a 
shipwright. 
SHIF-BUiLD-ING (-bild-ing), n. Naval architecture ; the 
art of constructing vessels for navigation. 



SHIP'-CaR'PEN-TER, n. A shipwright; a carpenter Mial 
works at ship-building. 

SHIP'-CHaND-LER, n. One who deals in cordage, canvas, 
and other furniture of ship3. 

SHIP'-HoLD-ER, n. The owner of a ship or of shipping. 

SHIP'-MIS-TER, n. [ship and master.] The captain, mas- 
ter, or commander of a ship. — Jonah, i. 

SHIP'-MoN-EY (-mun-ne), n. [ship and money.] In English 
history, an imposition formerly charged on the ports, 
towns, cities, boroughs, and counties of England, for pro- 
viding and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. 
The attempt made by Charles I. to revive and enforce this 
imposition was resisted by John Hampden, and was one 
of the causes which led to the death of Charles. 

SHIP'-oWN-ER, n. The owner of a ship or ships. 

SHIP'-SHaPE, adv. In a seamen-like manner ; hence, 
properly ; according to usage. — Totten. 

SHIP'BoARD, adv. [ship and board.] 1. To go on ship- 
board or a shipboard, is to go aboard ; to enter a ship ; to 
embark. 2. n. The plank of a ship ; [obs.] , 

SHIP'LESS, a. Destitute of ships.— Gray. 

t SHIP'MAN, n. [ship and man.] A seaman or sailor. 

SHIP'MaTE, n. A term applied to sailors who serve in the 
same ship. 

SHIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of putting any thing on board 
of a ship or other vessel ; embarkation. 2. The goods or 
things shipped, or put on board of a ship or other vessel. 

SHIPP.ED (shipt), pp. Put on board of a ship or vessel ; 
received on board. 

tSHIP'PEN, n. [Sax. scipen.] A stable ; a cow-house. 

SHIP'PER, n. One who places goods on board a ship for 
transportation. 

SHIP'FING, ppr. 1. Putting on board of a ship or vessel , 
receiving on board. 2. a. Relating to ships. — Shipping 
articles, articles of agreement between the captain of a 
vessel and the seamen on board, in respect to the amount 
of wages, length of time for which they are shipped, &c. 
— Bouvier. 

SHIP'PING, n. Ships in general ; ships or vessels of any 
kind for navigation. — To take skipping, to embark ; to en- 
ter on board a ship or vessel for conveyance or passage. 

SHIP'S-HUS'BAND, n. One who attends to the requisite 
repairs of a ship while in port, and does all the other nec- 
essary acts preparatory to a voyage. — Bouvier. 

SHIP'WRECK (-rek), n. [ship and wreck.] 1. The destruc- 
tion of a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or bro 
ken to pieces by striking against rocks, shoals, and the like. 
2. The parts of a shattered ship ; [unusual.] 3. Destruc- 
tion. 

SHIP'WRECK, v. t. 1. To destroy by running ashore or on 
rocks or sand-banks. 2. To suffer the perils of being cast 
away ; to be cast ashore with the loss of the ship. 

SHIPWRECKED (-rekt), pp. or a. Cast ashore ; dashed 
upon the rocks or banks ; destroyed. 

SHIPWRIGHT (-rite), n. One whose occupation is to con- 
struct ships ; a builder of ships or other vessels. 

* SHTRE or SHlRE, n. [Sax. scir, scire, scyre.] In England, 

a division of territory, otherwise called a county. — In the 
United States, the corresponding division of a state is call- 
ed a county, but we retain shire in the compound half- 
shire. 

* SHlRE'-MoTE or SH'iRE'-MoTE, n. [Sax. scyr-gemote.] 

Anciently, in England, the county court ; sheriff's turn 

or court. — Blackstone. 
SHIRK, v. t. or i. To avoid or get off from ; to slink away 

— Smart. [Vulgar.] See, also, Shark. 
SHIRK, n. One who seeks to avoid duty; one who Uvea 

by shifts and tricks. See Shark. 
SHIRKING, n. A living by shifts and tricks. See Shark 
SH1RL, a different spelling of shorl. See Shorl. 
SHiR'LEY, n. A bird, called by some the greater bullfinch. 
SHiRRED (shurd), a. A term applied to articles having 

lines or cords inserted between two pieces of cloth, as the 

lines of India rubber in shirred suspenders. 
SHIRT (shurt), n. [Dan. skiorte ; Sw. skiorta.] A loose gar 

ment of linen, cotton, or other material, worn by men and 

boys next the body. 
SHiRT (shurt), v. t. To cover or clothe, as with a shirt. 2. 

To change the shirt and put on a clean one. 
SHIRTING, ppr. Covering with a shirt. 
SHIRTING, n. Cloth for shirts. 
SHIRTLESS, a. Wanting a shirt.— Pope. 
SHIST. See Schist. 

SHITTAH, ) n. [Heb.] In Scripture, a sort of precious woo.'l 
SHITTIM, 5 used in the construction of the tabernaciv, 

supposed to have been the wood of a species of acacia. 
SHITTLE, a. Wavering ; unsettled. [Not used, or local.\ 
SHIT'TLE-COCK. See Shuttle-cock. 
SHITTLE-NESS, n Unsettledness ; inconstancy. [Rare.] 
*SHTVE, n. [Dan. schyf ; G.scheibe.] 1. A slice; a thin cut 

— Shah.; [obs.] 2. A thin, flexible piece cut off. — Boylt, 

[obs.] 3. A little piece or fragment ; as, the shives of flax. 

SHIVER n. [G, schiefer, schiefern.] 1. In mineralogy, t 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SHO 



918 



SHO 



variety of blue slate. — 2. In seamen's language, a little 
wheel ; a sheave. 

SHIVER, v. t. 1. To break into many small pieces or splin- 
ters ; to shatter ; to dash to pieces by a blow. — 2. Among 
seamen, to shake in the wind ; [applied to sails ;] as, " shiver 
the mizzen-top-sail." — Totten. 

SHIVER, v. i. 1. To fall at once into many small pieces or 
parts. 2. To quake ; to tremble ; to shudder ; to shake, 
as with cold, ague, fear, or horror. 3. To be affected with 
a thrilling sensation, like that of chilliness. 

SHIVER, n. 1. A small piece or fragment into which a 
tiling breaks by any sudden violence. 2. A slice ; a sliver. 

SHIVER-SPaR, n. [G. schiefer-spatk.] A carbonate of 
lime ; called, also, slate-spar. 

SHIVERED, pp. Broken or dashed into small pieces. 

SHI VER-ING, ppr. or a. 1. Breaking or dashing into small 
pieces. 2. Quaking ; trembling ; shaking, as with cold or 
fear. 

SHIVER-ING, n. 1. The act of breaking or dashing to 
pieces ;' division ; severance. 2. A trembling ; a shaking 
with cold or fear. 

SHI VER-ING-L Y, adv. With shivering, or slight trembling. 

SHIVER- Y, a. Easily falling into many pieces ; not firmly 
cohering ; incompact. 

SHOAD, 7i. Among miners, a train of metallic stone mixed 
with rubbish, which serves to direct them in the discovery 
of mines. 

SHoAD'-STONE, n. A small stone or fragment of ore 
made smooth by the action of water passing over it. — 
Halliioell. 

SHOAL, n. [Sax. sceol.] 1. A great multitude assembled ; 
a crowd ; a throng. 2. A place where the water of a riv- 
er, lake, or sea is shallow or of little depth ; a sand-bank 
or bar ; a shallow. 

SHOAL, v. i. 1. To crowd ; to throng ; to assemble in a 
multitude. 2. To become more shallow. 

SHoAL, a. Shallow ; of little depth ; as, shoal water. 

SHoAL'I-NESS, n. 1. Shallowness ; little depth of water. 
2. The state of abounding with shoals. 

SHo AL'Y, a. Full of shoals or shallow places. — Dryden. 

SHoAR, n. A prop. See Shore. 

SHoAT, n. A young hog. See Shote. 

SHOCK, n. [D. schok ; Fr. choc] 1. A violent collision of 
bodies, or the concussion which it occasions ; a violent 
striking or dashing against. 2. Violent onset ; conflict of 
contending armies or foes. 3. External violence. 4. Of- 
fense ; impression of disgust. — 5. In electricity, the effect 
on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a 
charged body. 6. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of 
wheat, rye, &c. The number of sheaves varies from 12 
to 16. The latter is the number in New England. — Farm. 
Encyc. 7. [from shag.] A dog with long hair or shag. 

SHOCK, v. t. [D. schokken ; Fr. choquer.] 1. To shake by 
the sudden collision of a body. 2. To meet force with 
force ; to encounter. 3. To strike, as with horror or dis- 
gust ; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or hor- 
rible. — Syn. To offend ; disgust ; disturb ; disquiet ; af- 
fright ; frighten ; terrify ; appall ; dismay. 

SHOCK, v. i. To collect sheaves into a pile ; to pile 

SHOCK'-HeAD-ED, a. Having a thick and bushy head of 
hair. — Booth. 

SHOCKED (shokt), pp. 1. Struck, as with horror ; offend- 
ed ; disgusted. 2. Piled, as sheaves. 

SHOCKING, ppr. 1. Shaking with sudden violence. 2. 
Meeting in onset or violent encounter. 3. a. Striking, as 
with horror ; causing to recoil with horror or disgust. — 
Syn. Appalling ; terrifying ; frightful ; dreadful ; terrible ; 
formidable ; disgusting ; offensive. 

SHOCK'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strike with horror or 
disgust. — Chesterfield. 

SHOCKTNG-NESS, n. The state of being shocking. 

SHOD, for shoed, pret. and pp. of shoe. 

SHOE (shoo), 7i. ; pi. Shoes (shooz). [Sax. sceo, sceog ; G. 
schuh ; D. schoen.] 1. A covering for the foot, usually of 
leather, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a 
thinner kind for the vamp and quarters. 2. A plate or 
rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse or an ox to de- 
fend it from injury. 3. The plate of iron which is nailed 
to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle that 
slides on the snow in winter. 4. A piece of timber fasten- 
ed with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, to pre- 
vent them from wearing. 5. The inclined piece at the 
bottom of a water-trunk or lead-pipe for turning the 
course of the water, and discharging it from a building. — 
Gwilt. 6. Something in form of a shoe, or answering the 
purpose of a shoe. 7. A cover for defense. — Shoe of an 
anchor, a block of wood with a hole in it to contain the 
point of the bill while fishing the anchor, to prevent it 
from injuring the planks of the vessel. — Totten. 

SHOE (shoo), v. t. ; pret. and pp. shod. 1. To furnish with 
shoes ; to put shoes on. 2. To cover at the bottom. 

6H0E'-BLA€K, n. A person who cleans shoes. 



] SHOE'-BOY, n. [shoe and boy.] A boy who cleans snoes 

SHOE'-BU€K-LE (shoo'-buk-l), n. [shoe and buckle.] a 
buckle for fastening the shoe to the foot. 

SHOE'-LeATH-ER (defh-er), n. Leather for shoes. 

SHOE'-STRING, 7t. [shoe and string] . A string used to fas 
ten a shoe to the foot. 

SHOE'-TYE (shoo'-ti), n. [shoe and tye.] A ribbon used firv 
fastening a shoe to the foot. — Hudibras. 

SHOEING (shoo'ing), ppr. Putting on shoes. 

SHOE'ING-HORN, n. 1. A horn used to facilitate the en 
trance of the foot into a narrow shoe. 2. Any thing bj 
which a transaction is facilitated ; any thing used as : 
medium ; [in contempt.] 

SHOE'LESS, a. Destitute of shoes. — Dr. Addison. 

SHOE'MaK-ER, n. [shoe and maker.] One whose occupa 
tion or trade is to make shoes and boots. 

SHO'ER (shoo'er), n. One who fits shoes to the feet ; ono 
who furnishes or puts on shoes, as a farrier. 

f SHOG, for shock, a violent concussion. — Dryden. 

t SHOG, v. t. To shake ; to agitate.— Carew. 

t SHOG, v. i. To move off; to be gone ; to jog. See Jog. 

f SHOG'GING, n. Concussion. — Harmar. 

t SHOG'GLE, v. t. To shake ; to joggle. See Joggle. 

SHoLE, n. [Sax. sceol] A throng; a crowd ; a great mul- 
titude assembled. See Shoal. 

* SHoNE, pp. of shine. 

SHOO, v. t. [G. scheuchen, to scare.] To scare ; to drive 
away by frightening ; hence, be gone. [A word used in 
scaring away fowls, but used in the imperative only.] 

SHOOK, pp. of shake. 

SHOOK, 7t. In commerce, shooks are casks of hogshead 
staves prepared for use ; also, boards for boxes of sugar 
prepared or fitted for use. 

SHOOK, v. t. To pack staves in casks. 

tSHOON, old pi. of Shoe. 

SHOOT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. shot. The old participit; shotten 
is obsolete. [Sax. sceotan, scytan ; G. schossen.] 1. To let 
fly and drive with force. 2. To discharge and cause to be 
driven with violence. 3. To send off with force ; to dart. 
4. To let off; [used of the instrument.] 5. To strike with 
any thing shot. 6. To send out; to push forth. 7. To 
push out ; to emit ; to dart ; to thrust forth. 8. To push 
forward ; to drive ; to propel. 9. To push out ; to thrust 
forward. 10. To pass through with swiftness. 11. To 
plane straight or fit by planing ; [a workman's term.] 12. 
To kill by a ball, arrow, or other thing shot. 13. To pass 
rapidly under by the force of a current ; as, to shoot a 
bridge.— Totten. 

SHOOT, v. i. 1. To perform the act of discharging, sending 
with force, or driving any thing by means of an engine or 
instrument. 2. To germinate ; to bud ; to sprout ; to send 
forth branches. 3. To form by shooting, or by an arrange- 
ment of particles into spicule. 4. To be emitted, sent 
forth, or driven along. 5. To protuberate ; to be pushed 
out ; to jut ; to project. 6. To pass, as an arrow or point- 
ed instrument ; to penetrate. 7. To grow rapidly ; to be- 
come by rapid growth. 8. To move with velocity. 9. To 
feel a quick, darting pain. — To shoot ahead, to outstrip in 
running, flying, or sailing. 

SHOOT, n. 1. The act of propelling or driving any tiling 
with violence ; the discharge of a fire-arm or bow. 2. The 
act of striking or endeavoring to strike with a missive 
weapon. 3. A young branch. 4. A young swine which 
is shooting or growing up. — Holloway ; [in New England 
pronounced shote.] 

SHOOTER, n. One who shoots ; an archer ; a gunner. 

SHOOTING, ppr. or a. Discharging, as fire-arms ; sending 
or pushing out ; germinating ; branching ; glancing, as 
pain. 

SHOOTING, n. 1. The act of discharging fire-arms, or oi 
sending an arrow with force ; a firing. 2. Sensation of a 
quick, glancing pain. — 3. In sportsmanship, the act or prac 
tice of killing game with guns or fire-arms. 

SHOOT'ING-STaR, n. A fire-ball or meteor which darts 
across the sky with a transient light. Shooting-stars have 
been found to be more abundant at particular periods, the 
most remarkable of which are the 13th of November and 
the 9th or 10th of August.— Olmsted. 

SHOOT'Y, a. Of equal growth or size.— Grose. 

SHOP, n. [Norm, schope ; Sax. sceoppa.] 1. A building hi 
which goods, wares, drugs, &c, are sold by retail. 2. A 
building in which mechanics work, and where they keep 
their manufactures for sale. 

SHOP, v. i. To visit shops for purchasing goods : used 
chiefly in the participle. 

SHOP-BOARD, 7i. A bench on which work is performed. 

SHOP'-BOOK, 77. [shop and book.] A book in which a 
tradesman keeps his accounts. — Locke. 

SHOP'-KEEP-ER, 7i. A trader who sells goods in a shop oi 
by retail ; in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells 
by wholesale. — Addison. 

SHOP'-LIFT-ER, n. One who steals any thing in a shop, oi 
takes goods privately from a shop. 



Sm Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



SHO 



919 



SHO 



SHOP -LIFT-ING, n. Larceny committed in a shop ; tbe 
stealingof any thing from a shop. 

SHOP'-LlKE, a. Low ; vulgar. — Ben Jonson. 

SHOP'MAN, n. 1. A petty trader. 2. One who serves in 
a shop. 

f SHoPE, old pret. of shape. Shaped. — Spenser. 

SHOP'PING, ppr. Visiting shops for the purchase of goods. 

SHOPTING, n. The act of visiting shops for the purchase 
of goods. 

f SHoRE, the old pret. of shear. 

SHoRE, n. [t-ax. score.] The coast or land adjacent to the 
ocean or sea, or to a large lake or river. 

SHoRE, 72. The popular but corrupt pronunciation of sewer. 

SHoRE, n. [Sp., Port, escora ; D. schoor.] A prop or tim- 
ber placed as a brace or support on the side of a building, 
&c— Gwilt. 

SHoRE, v. t. 1. To prop ; to support by a post or buttress. 
2._ To set on shore. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

SHoRjBD, pp. Propped ; supported by a prop. 

SHoRE'LESS, a. Having no shore or coast ; of indefinite 
or unlimited extent. — Boyle. 

SHoRE'LING, ? n. In England, the skin of a living sheep 

SHOR'LING, ) shorn, as distinct from the marling, or 
skin taken from a dead sheep. 

SH5RTNG, ppr. Propping ; supporting. 

SHORL, n. [Sw. skorl.] A mineral, black tourmaline. 

SHOR-LI'CEOUS (-shus), a. Like shorl.— Kirwan. 

SHORL'lTE, n. A variety of topaz of a greenish white or 
yellowish color ; pyenite. — Dana. 

SHoRN, pp. of shear. 1. Cut otf. 2. Having the hair or 
wool cut off or sheared. 3. Deprived. 

SHORT, a. [Sax. sceort, scyrt ; G. kurz ; D., Sw., Dan. kort ; 
Fr. court ; It. corto ; L. curtus.] 1. Not long ; not having 
great length or extension. 2. Not extended in time ; not 
of long duration. 3. Not of usual or sufficient length, 
reach, or extent. 4. Not of long duration ; repeated at 
small intervals of time. 5. Not of adequate extent or 
quantity ; not reaching the point demanded, desired, or 
expected. 6. Deficient ; detective ; imperfect. 7. Not 
adequate ; insufficient ; scanty. 8. Not sufficiently sup- 

f>lied ; scantily furnished. 9. Not far distant in time ; 
iiture. 10. Not fetching a compass, as in the phrase to 
turn short. 11. Not going to the point intended ; as, to 
stop short. 12. Defective in quantity. 13. Narrow ; lim- 
ited ; not extended ; not large or comprehensive. 14. 
Brittle ; friable ; breaking all at once without splinters or 
shatters. 15. Not bending. 16. Abrupt; brief; pointed; 
petulant; severe. — To be short, to be scantily supplied. — 
To come short. 1. To fail ; not to do what is demanded or 
expected. 2. Not to reach or obtain. — Rom., iii. 3. To 
fail ; to be insufficient. — To cut short, to abridge ; to con- 
tract — To fall slwrt. 1. To fail ; to be inadequate or scan- 
ty. 2. To fail ; not to do or accomplish. 3. To be less. — 
To stop short, to stop at once ; also, to stop without reach- 
ing the point intended. — To turn short. 1. To turn on the 
spot occupied ; to turn without making a compass. — To be 
taken short, to be seized with urgent necessity. — In short, 
in few words; briefly. — Syn. Brief; concise; compendi- 
ous ; summary ; succinct ; laconic. 

SHORT, 7i. A summary account. — Shak. 

SHORT, adv. Not long.— Dry den. 

SHORT, v. t. 1. To shorten. 2. v. i. To fail ; to decrease ; 
[obs.] 

SHORT-BR£ ATHED (shorf-bretht), a. Having short breath 
or quick respiration. 

3HORT-€aKE, n. A soft and friable cake, in which butter 
or lard has been mixed with the flour. — Forby. 

SHORT-DaT-ED, a. Having little time to run. 

SHORT-DRAWN, a. Being of short breathing ; imper- 
fectly inspired, as breath. 

SHORT-HAND, n. Short writing ; a compendious method 
of writing : otherwise called stenography. 

SHORT-JOINT-ED, a. [short and joint.] A horse is said to 
be short-jointed when the pastern is too short. 

SHORT-LIV.ED, a. [short and live.] Not living or lasting 
long ; being of short continuance. — Dryden. 

SHORT-RIB, n. One of the lower ribs ; a rib shorter than 
the others, below the sternum ; a false rib. 

SHORT-SIGHT (-site), n. Short-sightedness; myopy ; vi- 
sion accurate only when the object is near. — Good. 

SHORT-SIGHTED (-site-), a. 1. Not able to see far ; hav- 
ing limited vision. 2. Not able to look far into futurity ; 
not able to understand things deep or remote; of limited 
intellect 

SHORT'-SlGHTED-NESS, n. 1. A defect in vision, con- 
sisting in the inability to see things at a distance. 2. De- 
fective or 1 united intellectual sight 

SHORT-WaIST-ED, a. Having a short waist. 

SHORT-WiND-ED, a. [slum and wind.] Affected with 
shortness of breath ; having a quick respiration. 

SHORT-WINGED, a. Having short wings. 

SHORT-WIT-TED, a. Having little wit ; not wise ; of 
scanty intellect or judgment. — Hales. 



SHORT€6M-ING (-kum-ing), i 1. A faffin * of the usua. 
produce, quantity, or amount, as of a crop. — Chalmers. 2 
A failure of full performance, as of duty. 

SHORTEN (short'n), v. t. [Sax. scyrtan.] 1. To make short 
in measure, extent or time. 2.. To abridge ; to lessen. 
3. To curtail. 4. To contract ; to lessen ; to reduce or 
diminish in extent or amount. 5. To confine ; to restrain. 
6. To lop ; to deprive. 7. To make paste short or friable 
with butter or lard. 

SHORTEN (shorfn), v. i. 1. To become short or shorter. 
2. To contract. 

SHORTENED, pp. or a. Made short or shorter ; abridged , 
contracted. 

SHORTEN-ING,^/?r. Making short or shorter ; contracting. 

SHORT.EN-ING, n. 1. A making short or shorter. 2. 
Something used in cookery to make paste short or friable, 
as butter or lard. — Halliwell. 

SHORTLY, adv. 1. Quickly ; soon ; in a little time. 2. Tn 
few words ; briefly. 

SHORTNER, n. He or that which shortens.— Swift. 

SHORTNESS, n. 1. The quality of being short *in space 
or time ; little length or little duration." 2. Fewness of 
words ; brevity ; conciseness. 3. Want of reach or the 
power of retention. 4. Deficiency; imperfection; limited 
extent. 

SHORTS, n. pi. The bran and coarse part of meal in mix- 
ture. — Halliwell. 

SHoR'Y, a. Lying near the shore or coast. [Little used.\ 

SHOT, pret. and pp. of shoot. 

SHOT, 72. [Sax. scyt; D.schoot, schot.] 1. The act of shoot- 
ing; discharge of a missile weapon. 2. A missile weap- 
on, particularly a ball or bullet. 3. Small globular masses 
of lead, used for killing birds and other small animals. 4. 
The flight of a missile weapon, or the distance which it 
passes from the engine. 5. A marksman ; one who prac- 
tices shooting : as, an excellent shot. — W.Irving. (5. A reck- 
oning ; charge or proportional share of expense at a tav 
era, &c. — Shot of a cable, in seamen's language, the splicing 
of two cables together ; or the whole length of two cables 
thus united. 

SHOT, v. t. To load with shot over a cartridge ; as, to sho; 
the guns. — Totten. 

SHOT'-BELT-ED, a. Wearing a belt carrying shot. 

SHOT-FREE, a. 1. Free from charge ; exempted from any 
share of expense ; scot-free. 2. Not to be injured by shot : 
[obs.] 3. Unpunished ; [obs.] 

SHOT-GaUgH. 72. An instrument for measuring the diam 
eter of round shot. — Totten. 

SH0T-H5LE, n. A hole made by a bullet discharged. 

SHoTE, 72. [Sax. sceota.] 1. A fish resembling the trout. 
2. A young hog, or a half-grown, unfatted hog. — Ainsicortk ; 
see Shoot. 

SHOTTED, pp. Loaded with shot over a cartridge, as 
guns. 

SHOTT.EN (shof n), a. [from shoot.] 1. Having ejected the 
spawn. 2. Shooting into angles. 3. Shot out of its sock- 
et ; dislocated, as a bone. — Shotten herring, a gutted her- 
ring dried for keeping ; hence, in contempt, a mean, mea- 
ger fellow. — Shak. — Halliwell. 

t SHOUGH (shok), 72. A kind of shaggy dog. See Shock. 

SHOULD (shopd), the pret. of shall, but now used as an aux- 
iliary verb, either in the past time or conditional present ; 
and it often denotes obligation or duty. 

SHOULDER (shol'der), 72. [Sax. sculdre, sculdor, sculder 
G. schulter ; D. schouder.] 1. The joint by which the arm 
of a human being, or the fore-leg of a quadruped, is con 
nected with the body. 2. The upper joint of the fore-leg 
of an animal cut for the market. — 3. Shoulders, in the plu- 
ral, the upper part of the back. — 4. Figuratively, support ; 
sustaining power ; or that which elevates and sustains. — 
5. Among artificers, something like the human shoulder ; 
horizontal or rectangular protection from the body of a 
thing.— 6. la fortification, the angle of a bastion included 
between the face and flank. — Brande. 

SHoUL'DER, v. t. 1. To push or thrust with the shoulder ; 
to push with -violence. 2. To take upon the shoulder. 

SHoUL'DER-BELT, ?2. [shoulder and belt.] A belt that 
passes across the shoulder. — Dryden. 

SHoUL'DER-BLaDE, tz. The bone of the shoulder, or 
blade-bone : called, by anatomists, scapula. 

t SHoUL'DER-€LAP-PER, 72. One who claps another on 
the shoulder, or who uses great familiarity.— Shak. 

SHoUL'DER-KNOT (shol'der-not), 72. [shoulder and knot.] 
An ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoul- 
der ; an epaulet. 

SHoUI/DER-SHOT-TEN, a. [shoulder and shot.] Strained 
in the shoulder, as a horse. — Shak. 

SHoUL'DER-SLIP, 72. [shoulder and slip.] Dislocation of 
the shoulder or of the humerus.— Swift. 

SH5ULDER.ED, pp. 1. Pushed or thrust with the shoul 
der. 2. Supported on the shoulder. 

SHoUL'DER-ING, ppr. 1. Pushing with the shoulder. £ 
Taking upon the shoulder. 



D6VE —BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS ;— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SHO 



920 



SHR 



SHOUT, v. i. To utter a sudden and loud outcry, usually 
in joy or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset. 

SHOUT, n. A loud burst of voice or voices ; a vehement 
and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, 
expressing applause, joy, triumph, exultation, or animated 
courage. 

SHOUT, v. t. To treat with shouts or clamor.— Hall. 

SHOUT'ED, pp. Treated with shouts. 

SHOUT'ER, n. One who shouts.— Dry den. 

3HOUTTNG, ppr. Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in 
joy or exultation. 

SHOUTING, n. The act of shouting.— 2 Sam., vi. 

3H6VE (shuv), v. t. [Sax. scufan ; D. schuiven ; Sw. skuffa ; 
Dan. skuffer.] 1. To push ; to propel ; to drive along by 
the direct application of strength without a sudden im- 
pulse ; to push a body by sliding or causing it to move 
along the surface of another body. 2. To push ; to press 
against. 

SHOVE (shuv), v. i. 1. To push or drive forward ; to urge 
a course. 2. To push off; to move in a boat or with a pole. 

SH6VE (shuv), n. The act of pushing or pressing against 
by strength, without a sudden impulse. — Swift. 

SH6V.ED (shuvd), pp. Pushed ; propelled. 

SHOVEL (shuvl), n. [Sax. scofi; G. schaufel ; D. schoffel.] 
An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or blade, more 
or less hollow, with a handle ; used for throwing earth or 
other loose substances. 

3H6V.EL (shuvl), v. t. 1. To take up and throw with a 
shovel. 2._To gather in great quantities. 

3H6V'_EL-BoARD n. A board on which they play by slid- 
ing metal pieces at a mark. — Dryden. 

3H6V'_EL_ED (shuvld), pp. Thrown with a shovel. 

SHoV'jEL-ER, n. A species of duck, remarkable for the 
length and terminal expansion of the bill. — Brande. 

3H6V.EL-ING, ppr. Throwing with a shovel. 

SHo W (sho), v. t. ; pret. showed ; pp. shown or showed. It is 
sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn. [Sax. sceawian ; D. 
schouwen; G. schauen.] 1. To exhibit, present, or display 
to the view of others. 2. To afford to the eye or to no- 
tice ; to contain a visible form. 3. To make or enable to 
see. 4. To make or enable to perceive. 5. To make to 
know ; to cause to understand ; to make known to ; to 
teach, instruct, or inform. — Job, x. 6. To prove ; to man- 
ifest. 7. To inform ; to teach. 8. To point out, as a 
guide. 9. To bestow ; to confer ; to afford. — Ps. cxii. 10. 
To prove by evidence. — Ezra, ii. 11. To disclose ; to make 
known. .12. To discover ; to explain. Dan., ii. — To show 
off, to exhibit in an ostentatious manner. — To show forth, 
to manifest ; to publish ; to proclaim. 1 Pet., ii. — To show 
up. to expose ; [colloquial.] 

SHOW, v. i. 1. To appear ; to look ; to be in appearance. 

2. To have appearance ; to become or suit well or ill ; [obs.] 
3H5W, n. 1. Superficial appearance ; not reality. 2. A 

spectacle or sight ; something offered to view for money. 

3. Ostentatious display or parade ; ostentation. 4. Appear- 
ance as an object of notice. 5. Public appearance, in dis- 
tinction from concealment. 6. Semblance : likeness. 7. 
Speciousness ; plausibility. 8. External appearance. 9. 
Exhibition to view. 10. Pomp ; magnificent spectacle. 
11. A phantom. 12. Representative action. 13. External 
appearance ; hypocritical pretense. — Show of hands, a 
raising of hands as a vote in a public meeting ; [Eng.] 

SHoW'-BILL, n. A broad sheet containing an advertise- 
ment, in large letters, of books, goods, &c, placed at shop 
doors, windows, &c. — Peck. 

SHoW'-BOX, n. A box containing some object of curiosi- 
ty, carried round as a show. 

SHoW'-BREAD > (sho'-bred), n. [show and bread.] Among 

3HEW-BRE AD 5 the Jews, bread of exhibition ; the loaves 
of bread which the priest of the week placed before the 
Lord, on the golden table in the sanctuary. They were 
twelve in number, and represented the twelve tribes of 
Israel. They were to be eaten by the priests only in the 
holy place. 

3HoW'-€aSE, n. A case or box in shops, with plates of 
glass on the top or in front, within which delicate or valu- 
able articles are placed for exhibition. 

3H5WER (sho'er), n. One who shows or exhibits. 

SHOWER, n. [Sax. scur ; G. schauer.] 1. A fall of rain or 
hail, of short duration. 2. A fall of things from the air in 
thick succession. 3. A copious supply bestowed ; liberal 
distribution. 

3HOWER, v. t. 1. To water with a shower ; to wet copi- 
ously with rain. 2. To bestow liberally ; to distribute or 
scatter in abundance. 3. To wet with falling water, as in 
the sbower-bath. 

SHOWER, v. i. To rain in showers. 

SHOWER-BaTH, n. Water showered upon a person by 
some contrivance from above ; also, a contrivance for 
effecting this. 

SHOWER- JED, pp. Wet with a shower, or with falling 
water ; watered abundantly ; bestowed or distributed lib- 
erally. 



SHOWER-ING, ppr. Wetting with a shower, or with fall 

ing water : bestowing or distributing liberally. 
SHOWER-LESS, a. Without showers.— Armstrong. 
SHOW ER-Y, a. Raining in showers ; abounding with fre 

quent falls of rain. 
SHoW'I LY, adv. In a showy manner; pompously; with 

parade. 
SHoWI-NESS, n. State of being showy ; pompousness 

great parade. 
SHoWING, ppr. Presenting to view ; exhibiting ; proving 
SHoWING, n. A presentation to view ; exhibition. 
SHoW'ISH, a. 1. Splendid ; gaudy ; [rare.] 2. Ostentatious 
SHoWN, pp. of show. Exhibited ; manifested ; proved. 
SHoW'Y, a. 1. Making a great show. — Addison. 2. Exhib 

iting ostentation. — Syn. Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous ,- 

fine; magnificent; grand; stately; sumptuous; pompous-, 

ostentatious, 
t SHRAG, v. t. To lop. 
t SHRAG, n. A twig of a tree cut off. 
t SHRAG'GER, n. One who lops ; one who trims trees. 
SHRANK, pret. of shrink, nearly obsolete. 

t SHR a PF i n ' ^ pl ace baited with chaff to invite birds. 
SHRAP'NELL SHELL, n. In gunnery, a name given to 

shells filled with a quantity of musket balls, which, when 

the shell explodes, are projected still further. — Brande. 
SHRED, v. t. ; pret. and pp. shred. [Sax. screadan.] To cut 

into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces. 
SHRED, n. 1. A long, narrow piece cut off; as, shreds of 

cloth. — Bacon. 2. A fragment ; a piece. — Swift. 
SHRED'DING, ppr. Cutting into shreds. 
SHRED'DING, n. A cutting into shreds ; that which is cut 

off; a piece. 
SHRED'LESS, a. Having no shreds.— Byron. 
SHREW (shru), n. 1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, vex 

atious woman. 2. A shrew-mouse, 
t SHREW 'shru), v. t. To beshrew ; to curse. — Chaucer. 
SHREW-MOUSE, n. [Sax. screawa.] A small animal re 

sembling a mouse, but living mostly under ground, and 

feeding on the larves of insects, &c. 
SHREWD (shrude), a. 1. Having the qualities of a shrew, 

vexatious ; troublesome ; mischievous. — Shak. ; [obs.] 2 

Characterized by slyness, acuteness, or cunning. 3. Of 

nice discernment. 4. Proceeding from cunning or sagaci 

ty, or containing it. 5. Painful ; vexatious ; troublesome 

[obs.] — Syn. Sly; cunning; arch; subtile; artful; astute 

sagacious ; discerning ; acute ; keen ; penetrating. 
SHREWDLY (shrudele), adv. 1. Mischievously ; destruct 

ively ; [obs.] 2. Vexatiously ; [obs.] 3. Archly ; saga 

ciously ; with good guess. — Locke. 
SHREWD'NESS (shrude-), n. 1. Sly cunning ; archness. 2 

Sagaciousness ; sagacity ; the quality of nice discernment 

3. Mischievousness ; vexatiousness ; [obs.] 
SHREWISH (shru-), a. Having the qualities of a shrew 

froward ; peevish ; petulantly clamorous. — Shak. 
SHREWISH-LY, adv. Peevishly ; clamorously. 
SHREWISH-NESS, n. The qualities of a shrew ; froward 

ness_; petulance ; turbulent clamorousness. 
SHRIeK (shreek), v. i. [Dan. skriger ; Sw. slcrika; Ger 

schreien.] To utter a sharp, shrill cry ; to scream, as in a 

sudden fright in horror or anguish. — Shak. 
SHRIeK, n. A sharp, shrill outcry or scream, such as is 

produced by sudden terror or extreme anguish. 
SHRIeK'ER, n. One who utters a shriek.— Crdbbe. 
SHRIe K'ING, ppr. or a. Crying out with a shrill voice 
SHRIEKING, n. A crying out with a shrill voice. 
I SHRIeV'AL (shreev-), a. Pertaining to a sheriff. 
SHRIeV'AL-TY, n. [from sheriff.] Sheriffalty ; the office 

of a sheriff. — Blackslone. 
t SHRIe VE, n. Sheriff. 

t SHRlFT, n. [Sax. scrift.] Confession made to a priest. 
t SHRlGHT, for shrieked.— Chaucer. 
t SHRlGHT, n. A shriek.— Spenser. 
SHRIKE, n. The butcher-bird ; a common name of the 

birds of the genus lanius. The shrikes breed on trees, 

and seize living prey. — Jardine. 
SHRILL, a. [W. grill ; Arm. scrilh ; L. gryllus.] 1. Sharp ; 

acute ; piercing, as sound. 2. Uttering an acute sound. 
SHPJLL, v. i. To utter an acute, piercing sound.— Spenser. 
SHRILL, v. t. To cause to make a shrill sound.— Spenser. 
SHRILL'NESS, n. Acuteness of sound ; sharpness or fine- 
ness of voice. — Smith. 
SHRIL'LY, adv. Acutely, as sound ; with a sharp sound. 
t SHRIMP, v. t. [D. krimpen.] To contract. 
SHRIMP, n. 1. A long-tailed, decapod, crustaceous animal 

allied to the lobster. There are numerous species, some 

of which are highly prized for food. 2. A little wrinkled 

man ; a dwarf; [in contempt.] 
SHRlNE, n. [Sax. serin ; G. schrein ; Sw. skrin ; L. scrini- 

um.] A case or box ; particularly applied to a case in 

which sacred things are deposited. Hence, a reliquary, 

tomb, or altar. 
SHRINK, v. i. ; pret. and pp. shrunk. The old pret. shrank 






A, E, I, &c, long.—l, £, I, fee., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SHU 



921 



SIB 



and pp. shrunken are nearly obsolete. [Sax. scrincan.] 1. 
To contract spontaneously ; to draw or be drawn into less 
length, breadth, or compass by an inherent power. 2. To 
shrivel ; to become wrinkled by contraction, as the skin. 
3. To withdraw or retire, as from danger ; to decline ac 
tion from fear. 4. To recoil, as in fear, horror, or distress 
5. To express fear, horror, or pain by shrugging or con- 
tracting the body. 
SHRINK, v. t. To cause to contract. 

SHRINK, n. 1. Contraction; a spontaneous drawing into 
less compass ; corrugation. 2. Contraction ; a withdraw- 
ing from fear or horror. 
SHRINKAGE, n. A shrinking or contraction into a less 

compass. 
SHRINK'ER, to. One who shrinks ; one who withdraws 

from danger. 
SHRINKING, ppr. Contracting ; drawing together ; with- 
drawing from danger ; causing to contract. 
SHRINKING, to. 1. A contraction or spontaneous drawing 
into less compass. 2. The act of drawing back through 
fear. 
SHRINK'ING-LY, adv. By shrinking. 
fiHRiyAL-TY, to. See Shrievalty. 

. SHRlVE, v. t. [Sax. scrifan.] To hear or receive the con- 
fession of ; to administer confession, as a priest. 
\ SHRlVE, v. i. To administer confession. — Spenser. 
SHRIVEL (shrivl), v. i. [from the root of rivel, Sax. geri- 
fled.] To contract ; to draw or be drawn into wrinkles ; 
to shrink and form corrugations. 
SHRIV.EL, v. t. To contract into wrinkles ; to cause to 

shrink into corrugations. 
SHRIVELED, pp. or a. Contracted into wrinkles. 
SHRiy'-EL-ING, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles. 
t SHRlVER, to. [from shrive.] A confessor.— Shale. 
f SHRIVING, n. Shrift ; confession taken.— Spenser 
SHROFF, n. In the East Indies, a banker. 
SHROUD, n. [Sax. scrud.] 1. A shelter ; a cover ; that 
which covers, conceals, or protects. 2. The dress of the 
dead ; a winding-sheet. — 3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a 
range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to 
the right and left sides of the ship, to support the masts 
and enable them to carry sail. 4. A branch of a tree. — 
Warton. 
SHROUD, v. t. 1. To cover ; to shelter from danger or an- 
noyance. 2. To dress for the grave ; to cover, as a dead 
body. 3. To cover ; to conceal ; to hide. 4. To defend ; 
to protect by hiding. 5. To overwhelm. 6. To lop the 
branches of a tree ; [unusual.] 
SHROUD, v. i. To take shelter or harbor. — Milton. 
SHROUD'ED, pp. Dressed; covered; sheltered. 
SHROUDING, ppr. Dressing ; covering ; concealing. 
SHROUD'Y, a. Affording shelter.— Milton. 
\ SHRoVE, v. i. To join in the festivities of Shrove-tide. 
SHRoVE'-TlDE. > n. Confession-time ; confession- 

SHRoVE'-TuES'DAY, 5 Tuesday ; the Tuesday after 
Quinquagesima-Sunday, or the day immediately preced- 
ing the first of Lent, or Ash-Wednesday. At this time 
the Roman Catholic Church enjoins confession to be 
made preparatory to Lent. The custom of eating pan- 
cakes and fritters on this day, hence vulgarly named Pan- 
cake-Tuesday, is still preserved in England. — P. Cyc. 
SHRo VING, n. The festivity of Shrove-tide. 
SHRUB, to. [Sax. scrob ; G. schroff.] A low, dwarf tree ; a 
woody plant of a size less than a tree ; more strictly, a 
plant with several woody stems from the same root. 
SHRUB, n. [Arm.] A liquor composed of acid, particularly 

lemon juice, and sugar, with spirit to preserve it 
SHRUB, v. t. To clear of shrubs. — Anderson. 
SHRUB'BER-Y, to. 1. Shrubs. 2. A plantation of shrubs. 
SHRUB'BI-NESS, to. The state or quality of being shrubby. 
SHRUB'BING, ppr. Clearing of shrubs. 
SHRUB'BY, a. 1. Full of shrubs. 2. Resembling a shrub. 
3. Consisting of shrubs or brush. — 4. A shrubby plant is 
perennial, with several woody stems. 
SHRUB'LESS, a. Having no shrubs. 
tSHRUFF, n. [G. schroff.] Dross ; recrement of metals. 
SHRUG, v. t. [G. rucken ; D. rug; Sax. hric or hryg.] To 

draw up ; to contract ; as, to shrug the shoulders. 
SHRUG, v. i. To raise or draw up the shoulders. 
SHRUG, n. A drawing up of the shoulders ; a motion usu- 
ally expressing dislike or slight contempt. — Hudibras. 
SHRUG'GING. ppr. Drawing up, as the shoulders. 
SHRUNK, pret. and pp. of shrink. 
SHRUNKEN, pp. of shrink. [Nearly obsolete.] 
SHUCK, n. A shell or covering ; a husk or pod. — Halliwell. 
SHUD'DER, v. i. [G. schaudem ; D. schudden.] To quake ; 
to quiver ; to tremble or shake with fear, horror, or aver- 
sion ; to shiver. 
SHUD'DER, to. A tremor ; a shaking with fear or horror. 
SHUD'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Trembling ; quaking. 
SHUDDER-ING, to. A trembling or shaking with fear or 

horror. 
SHUDDER-ING-LY, adv. With tremor. 



SHUF'FLE, v.'t. [D. schoffelen.] 1. Properly, to shove una 
way and the other ; to push from one to another. 2. To 
mix by pushing or shoving ; to confuse ; to throw into 
disorder ; especially, to change the relative positions of 
cards in the pack. 3. To remove or introduce by artificial 
confusion.— To shuffle off, to push off; to rid one's self of. 
— To shuffle up, to throw together in haste ; to make up 
or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder. 
SHUF'FLE, v. i. 1. To change the relative position of cards 
in a pack by little shoves. 2. To change the position ; to 
shift ground ; to avoid answering fair questions ; to prac 
tice shifts to elude detection. 3. To struggle ; to shift. 4. 
To move with an irregular gait. 5. To shove the feet ; to . 
scrape the fioor in dancing; [vulgar.] — Syn. To equivo- 
cate ; prevaricate ; quibble ; cavil ; evade ; sophisticate. 
SHUF'FLE, to. 1. A shoving, pushing, or jostling ; the act 
of mixing and throwing into confusion by change of places. 
2. An evasion ; a trick ; an artifice. 
SHUF'FLE-BoARD, to. The old spelling of shovel-board. 
SHUF'FLE-CAP, to. A play performed by shaking money 

in a hat or cap. — Arbuthnot. 
SHUF'FLED, pp. Moved by little shoves ; mixed. 
SHUF'FLER, n. One who shuffles or prevaricates ; one 

who plays tricks ; one who shuffles cards. 
SHUF'FLING, ppr: 1. Moving by little shoves ; changing 
the places of cards ; evading; playing tricks. 2. a. Evasive. 
SHUFFLING, to. 1. The act of throwing into confusion. 2. 

Trick ; artifice ; evasion. 3. An irregular gait. 
SHUF'FLING-LY, adv. With shuffling ; with an irregular 

gait or pace. — Dryden. 
SHu'MAC, to. Sumach, which see. — M'Culloch. 
SHUN. v. t. [Sax. scunian, ascunian.] 1. To avoid ; to keep 
clear of; not to fall on or come in contact with. 2. To 
avoid ; not to mix or associate with. 3. To avoid ; not to 
practice. 4. To avoid ; to escape. 5. To avoid ; to de- 
cline ; to neglect. 
SHUN'LESS, a. Not to be avoided ; inevitable. [Rare.] 
SHUNNED (shund), pp. Avoided. 

SHUN'NING, ppr. Avoiding ; keeping clear from ; declining. 
SHUNT, to. [contraction of shun it.] In rail-ways, a turning 
off to a short rail, that the principal rail may be left free 
— Smart. [England.] 
SHURK. See Shark. 

SHUT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. shut. [Sax. sctttan ; scyttan.) 1. 
To close so as to hinder ingress or egress. 2. To pronibit ; 
to bar ; to forbid entrance into. 3. To preclude ; to ex- 
clude. 4. To close, as the fingers ; to contract. — To shut 
in. 1. To inclose ; to confine. 2. Spoken of points of 
land, when, by the progress of a ship, one point is brought 
to cover or intercept the view of another. — To shut out,to 
preclude from entering; to exclude. — To shut up. 1. To 
close ; to make fast the entrances into. 2. To obstruct 
3. To confine ; to imprison ; to lock or fasten in. 4. To 
confine by legal or moral restraint. 5. To end ; to termin- 
ate ; to conclude. 
SHUT, v. i. To close itself; to be closed. 
SHUT, pp. 1. Closed; having the entrance barred. 2. a. 

Rid; clear; free. — L 1 Estrange. 
SHUT, to. 1. Close ; the act of closing ; [little used.] 2. A 

small door or cover. 
SHUTTER, to. 1. A person who shuts or closes. 2. A close 

cover for a window, or, rather, aperture. 
SHUTTING, ppr. Closing; prohibiting entrance. 
SHUTTLE, n. [Ice. skutul.] An instrument used by weav- 
ers for passing or shooting the thread of the woof in 
weaving from one side of the cloth to the other, between 
the threads of the warp. 
SHUTTLE-COCK, \ n. [shuttle and cork.] A cork stuck 
SHUTTLE-CORK, 5 with feathers, used to be struck by 

a battledore in play ; also, the play. 
SHY, a. [G. sheu ; D. schuw ; Sw. skygg ; Dan. sky.] 1. 
Fearful of near approach ; keeping at a distance through 
caution or timidity ; shunning approach. 2. Reserved ; 
not familiar ; coy ; avoiding freedom of intercourse. 3. 
Cautious ; wary ; careful to avoid committing one's sell 
or adopting measures. 4. Suspicious ; jealous. 
SHY, v. i. To start suddenly aside, as a horse. — Halliwell. 
SHY, to. In horsemanship, the starting suddenly aside of a 

horse. — Farm. Encyc. 
SHY'LY, adv. In a shy or timid manner ; not familiarly , 

with reserve. 
SHY'NESS, to. Fear of near approach or of familiarity ; re- 
serve ; coyness. 
Si. The seventh note in the musical scale, do or ut being 

_the first. 
Sl-AL'O-GOGUE (sial'o-gog), to. [Gr. out\ov and aywyoS-] 
A medicine that promotes the salivary discharge. — Encyc. 
t SIB, a. [Sax. sib.] Related by blood. — Cliauccr. 
SIB. _ A relation, in Saxon, but not in use in English. 
Si-Be'RI-AN, a. [Russ. siver, north.] Pertaining to Siberia 
SIB'ER-iTE, to. Red tourmaline.— Ure. 
SIB'I-L ANT, a. [L. sibilo.] Hissing ; making a hissing sound. 
S and z are called sibilant letters. 



D6VF ; BULL, UNITE ; ■- AN"GFJt, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete. 



SID 



922 



SIE 



8IBT-LANT, re. A letter that is uttered with' a hissing of 
the voice, as s and z. 

SIB-I-La'TION, re. A hissing sound. — Bacon. 

SIBTL, re. [L. sibijlla.] In pagan antiquity, the Sibyls were 
certain women said to be endowed with a prophetic spirit. 
Hence, a gipsy or fortune-teller. 

SIB'YL-LlNE, a. Pertaining to the Sibyls ; uttered or com- 
posed by Sibyls ; like the productions of Sibyls. 

SIB'YL-LlNE BOOKS, n. pi. Books or documents of proph- 
ecies in verse, supposed to contain the fate of the Roman 
Empire, and said to have been purchased by Tarquin the ■ 
Proud of a Sibyl. — Brando. 

SI-€ TRAN'SIT GLO'RI-A MUN'DI. |L.] Thus passes 
away the glory of the world. 

SIC'A-MORE, n. More usually written sycamore, which see. 

\ SICC1TE, v. t. To dry. 

\ SIC-Ca'TION, n. The act or process of drying. 

SIC'CA-TlVE, a. [L. sicco.] Drying ; causing to dry. 

SIC'CA-TlVE, n. That which promotes the process of 
drying. 

f SIC-CIF'IC, a. [L. siccus audfo.] Causing dryness. 

SIC'CI-TY (sik'se-te), n. [L. siccitas.] Dryness ; aridity ; 
destitution of moisture. — Brown. 

SlCE (size), n. [Fr. six.] The number six at dice. 

SICH, for such. — Chaucer. See Such. 

SI-CIL'IAN VES'PERS, n. pi. In history, the name of the 
great massacre of the French in Sicily, in 1282, on the 
evening of Easter- Tuesday. — Brande. 

SIC-IL-I-a'NO. In music, a composition in measures of 6-4 
to 6-8, to be performed in a slow and graceful manner. 

SICK, a. [Sax. seoc ; D. ziek ; Sw. siuk ; Ice. syke.] 1. Af- 
fected with nausea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Disgusted ; 
having a strong dislike to : with of. 3. Affected with dis- 
ease of any kind ; not in health. [In England, ill is now 
more commonly used when disease is spoken of, and sick 
when nausea or disgust is intended. — Ed.] 4. Corrupt- 
ed. -- Shak. ; [obs.] — 5. The sick, the person or persons 
affected with disease. — Syn. Diseased; ill; disordered; 
distempered ; indisposed ; weak ; ailing ; feeble ; morbid. 

i" SICK, v. t. To make sick. See Sicken. 

SICK'-BERTH (sik'-burth), re. In a ship of war, an apartment 
for the sick. 

SICK'-BRaINM), a. Disordered in the brain. 

SICK-LIST, n. A list containing the names of the sick. 

SICKEN (sik'n), v. t. 1. To make sick ; to disease. 2. To 
make squeamish. 3. To disgust. 4. To impair ; [obs.] 

SICKiJN, v. i. 1. To become sick ; to fall into disease. 2. 
To be satiated ; to be filled to disgust. 3. To become dis- 
gusting or tedious. 4. To be disgusted ; to be filled with 
aversion or abhorrence. 5. To become weak ; to decay ; 
to languish. 

SICK.EN.ED (sik'nd), pp. Made sick. 

SICK'£N-ING (sik'n-ing), ppr. or a. 1. Becoming sick ; mak- 
ing sick. 2. Disgusting. 

f SICKER, a. [L. securus ; Dan. sikker ; G. sichcr ; D. zekcr.] 
Sure; certain; firm. — Spenser. 

f SICKER, adv. Surely ; certainly. — Spenser. 

\ SICKER-LY, adv. Surely. 

f SICKER-NESS, n. Security.— Spenser. 

SICKTSH, a. [frcm sick.] 1. Somewhat sick oi diseased. 
— Hakcwill. 2. Exciting disgust ; nauseating. 

SICKISH-LY, adv. In a sickish manner. 

SICKISH-NESS, n. The quality of exciting disgust. 

SICKLE (sikl), n. [Sax. sicel, sicol ; G. sichel ; D. zikkel.] 
A reaping-hook; a hooked instrument with teeth, used 
for cutting grain. 

SICKLE-SHaPED (-shapt), a. Shaped like a sickle. 

SICKLE-W6RT, re, A plant of the genus coronilla. 

SICKL.ED, a. Furnished with a sickle. — Thomson. 

SICKLE-MAN, \ n. One who uses a sickle ; a reaper. — 

SICKLER 5 Shak. [Not used in New Engia?id.] 

S1CKLI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sickly ; the state 
of being habitually diseased. 2. The state of producing 
sickness extensively. 3. The disposition to generate dis- 
ease extensively. 

SICKLY, a. 1. Not healthy ; somewhat affected with dis- 
ease, or habitually indisposed. 2. Producing disease ex- 
tensively ; marked with sickness. 3. Tending to produce 
disease ; as, a sickly climate. 4. Diminished in strength or 
brightness ; as, " the moon grows sickly." Dryden. — Syn. 
Diseased ; ailing ; infirm ; weakly ; unhealthy ; healthless ; 
weak ; feeble ; languid ; faint. 
SICKLY, v. t. To make diseased. — Shak. 

SICKNESS, n. [G. sucht.] 1. Nausea ; a failure of strength 
under a sense of disgust or squeamishness. 2. State of 
being diseased. 3. Disease ; malady ; a morbid state of 
the body. [In England, present usage inclines to make 
illness the word for expressing disease, confining sickness 
chiefly to nausea and disgust. — Ed.] 

SlDE, n. [Sax. sid, side, sida ; D. zyde; G. seite ; Sw. sida; 
Dan. side.] 1. The broad and long part or surface of a 
thing, as distinguished from the end, which is of less ex- 
tent, and may be a point. 2. Margin ; edge ; verge ; bor- 



der ; the exterior line of any thing, considered in length 
3. The part of an animal between the back and the face 
and belly. 4. The part between the top and bottom ; the 
slope, declivity, or ascent, as of a hill or mountain. 5. 
One part of a thing, or its superficies. 6. Any part con 
sidered in respect to its direction or point of compass. 7. 
Party ; faction ; sect ; any man or body of men considered 
as in opposition to another. 8. Interest ; favor. 9. Any 
part being in opposition or contradistinction to another. 
10. Branch of a family ; separate line of descent. 11. 
Quarter ; region ; part. — To take sides, to embrace the 
opinions, or attach one's self to the interest of a party 
when in opposition to another. — To choose sides, to select 
parties for competition in exercises of any kind. 

SIDE, a. 1. Lateral ; as, a side post. 2. Being on the side, 
or toward the side ; oblique ; indirect. 3. Long ; large ; 
_extensive; [obs.] 

SlDE, v. i. 1. To lean on one side ; [rare.] 2. To embrace 
the opinions of one party, or engage in its interest, when 
opposed to another party. 

t SlDE, v._t. 1. To stand at the side of. 2. To suit ; to pair. 

SlDE'-BoARD, n. [side and board.] A piece of furniture 
or cabinet-work, consisting of a table or box with drawers 
or cells, placed at the side of a room or in a recess, and 
used to hold dining utensils, &c. 

SlDE'-BOX, n. A box or inclosed seat on the side of a 
Jheatre, distinct from the seats in the pit. 

SlDE'-CUT, n A canal branching out from the main one. 
[Am.] 

SlDE'-FLY, n. An insect.— Derham. 

SlDE'-SAD-DLE (-sad'dl), n. [side and saddle.] A saddle 
for a woman's seat on horseback. 

SlDE'-SAD-DLE FLOWER, n. A species of sarracenia or 
sarrazinia, an aquatic plant, so called because the stigma 
of the flower resembles a woman's pillion. — Loudon. 

STDE'-TI-BLE, n. A table placed either against the wall, 
or aside from the principal table. 

SiDE'-TaK-ING, n. A taking sides, or engaging in a party. 

SID'ED, a. Having a side ; used in composition ; as, one- 
sided, many-sided, &c. 

SIDE'LING, adv. [D. zydelings.] 1. Sidevvise ; with the side 
foremost. 2. Sloping. 

SlDE'LONG, a. [side and long.] Lateral ; oblique ; not di- 
rectly in front ; as, a sidelong glance. — Dryden. 

SlDE'LONG, adv. 1. Laterally ; obliquely ; in the direction 
of the side. — Milton. 2. On the side. 

SlD'ER, re. 1. One who takes a side or joins a party. 2. 
Cider ;_ [obs.] 

SID'ER-A-TED, a. [L. sideratus.] Blasted ; planet-struck. 

SID-ER-a'TION, re. [L. sideratio.] A blasting or blast in 
plants ; a sudden deprivation of sense ; an apoplexy ; a 
_slight erysipelas. [Not used.] 

Si-De'RE-AL, ? a. [L. sideralis.] 1. Pertaining to a star or 

SID'ER-AL, 3 stars; astral. 2. Containing stars ; starry. 
— Sidereal day, in astronomy, the period in which a star ap- 
parently completes a revolution in the heavens, being the 
exact period in which the earth revolves on its axis. — Si- 
dereal year, the period in which the earth makes one revo- 
lution in its orbit with respect to the stars, or the apparent 
period in which the sun completes one revolution round 
the earth. — Olmsted. 

SID'ER-ITE, re. [L. sideritis.] 1. The loadstone ; also, iron- 
wort, a plant ; also, the common ground pine. — 2. In min- 
eralogy, a phosphate of iron. — Fourcroy. 

SID-ER-O-CAL'ClTE, re. Brown spar, composed of the 
carbonates of iron and lime or magnesia.— lire. 

SID-ER-O-CLEP'TE, re. A mineral, supposed to be a va- 
riety of olivine or chrysolite. — Saussure. 

SID-ER-O-GRAPH'IC, ? a. Pertaining to siderography, 

SID-ER-O-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 or performed by engraved 
plates of steel. 

SID-ER-OG'RA-PHIST, re. One who engraves steel plates, 
or performs work by means of such plates. 

SID-ER-OGTIA-PHY, re. [Gr. m^pos and yp a <pw.] The art 
or practice of engraving on steel. — Perkins. 

SID'ER-O-SCOPE, re. [Gr. mSnpoS and gkottsw.] An instru- 
ment for detecting small quantities of iron in any sub- 
stance. 

SlDES'MAN, re. [side and man.] 1. An assistant to the 
church-warden. 2. A party man. — Milton. 

SIDEWALK (-wawk), re. A raised footway on the sides of 
streets, usually paved with stone or brick. [America.] 

SiDE'WaYS, \adv. 1. Toward one side; inclining. 

SlDE' WISE, 5 Laterally ; on one side.— Newton. 

SIDING, ppr. Joining one side or party. 

SIDING, re. 1. The attaching of one's self to a party. 
The turn-out of a rail-road. [Eng.] 

SI'DLE (si'dl), v. i. 1. To go or move side foremost. 2. To 
he on the side. — Swift. 

SlE<SE (seej), re. [Fr. siege ; Norm, sage ; It. seggia, seggioA 
1. The setting of an army around or before a fortified 
place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to sur- 
render, or the surrounding or investing of a pla ce by ac 



2. 



2. 



A, E. I. &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- MARINE, BIRD :-MoVE, BOOK 






SIG 



923 



SIG 



army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, 
which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. A siege 
differs from a blockade, as in a siege the investing army 
approaches the fortified place to attack and reduce it by 
force ; but in a blockade, the army secures all the avenues 
to the place to intercept all supplies, and waits till famine 
compels the garrison to surrender. 2. Any continued en- 
deavor to gain possession. 3. Seat ; throne ; [obs.] 4. 
Rank ; place ; class. — Shak. ; [obs.] 5. Stool or seat ; [obs.] 

r SIkcSE, v. t. To besiege. — Spenser. 

Si'EN-lTE, In. [from Syene, in Egypt. Syenite is, etymo- 

SfEN-lTE, 5 logically, the better spelling.] A granitic rock, 
composed of quartz, hornblende, and feldspar. — Dana. 

Si-EN-ITTG, \ a. Containing syenite ; having the character 

HY-EN-ITIC, 5 of syenite.— Humble. 

Sl-ER'RA, n. [Sp.] A word meaning saw, introduced into 
geography by the Spaniards, to designate a ridge of mount- 
ains and craggy rocks. 

SI-ES'TA, n. [Sp.] A short sleep taken about the middle 
of the day, or after dinner. 

SlE'UR (se'ur), n. [Fr.] A title of respect used by the 
French. 

SIEVE (siv), h. [Sax. sife, syfe ; G. sieb ; D. zeef, zift.] A 
utensil for separating flour from bran, or the smaller par- 
ticles of any substance from the larger. It usually con- 
sists of a hoop with a bottom of hair, muslin, wire, &c, 
stretched tightly across it. 

SIFT, v. t. [Sax. siftan ; G. sieben ; D. ziften.] 1. To sep- 
arate by a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the 
coarse. 2. To separate ; to part. 3. To examine minutely 
or critically ; to scrutinize. 

SIFTED, pp. or a. Separated by a sieve ; purified from the 
coarser parts ; critically examined. 

SIFTER, n. One who sifts ; that which sifts ; a sieve. 

SIFTING, ppr. Separating the finer from the coarser part 
by a sieve ; critically examining. 

SIG, a Saxon word signifying victory, is used in names, as in 
Sigbert. bright victory. It answers to the Greek vik, in 
Nicander, and the Latin vie, in Victorinus. 

SlGH (si), v. i. [Sax. sican ; D. zugt, zugten ; Dan. sukker.] 
To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and imme- 
_diately expel it ; to suffer a single deep respiration. 

SlGH, v. t. 1. To lament ; to mourn. 2. To express by 
sighs. 

SlGH, n. A single deep respiration ; a long breath ; the in- 
haling of a larger quantity of air than usual, and the sud- 
den emission of it. 

SIGH'ER (si'er), n. One who sighs. 

SlGH'ING, ppr. Suffering a deep respiration. 

SlGH'ING, n. The act of suffering a deep respiration, or 
taking a long breath. 

SlGH'ING-LY, adv. With sighing. 

SIGHT (site), n. [Sax. gesiht ; D. gezigt ; G. sicht ; Dan. 
sigt , Sw. sickt.] 1. The act of seeing ; perception of ob- 
jects by the eye. 2. The faculty of vision, or of perceiv- 
ing objects by the instrumentality of the eyes. 3. Open 
view ; the state of admitting unobstructed vision ; a being 
within the limits of vision. 4. Notice from seeing ; knowl- 
edge. 5. Eye ; the instrument of seeing. 6. A small aper- 
ture through which objects are to be seen ; as, the sights 
of quadrants, &c. 7. That which is beheld. 8. A small 
piece of metal fixed on the muzzle of a musket, &c, to 
aid the eye in taking aim. Campbell's Mil. Diet. — To take 
fight, to take aim ; to look for the purpose of directing a 
piece of artillery, &c. — Syn. Vision ; view ; show ; spec- 
tacle ; representation ; exhibition. 

SIGHTED (sitfed), a. In composition only, having sight, or 
seeing in a particular manner ; as, short-sighted. 

t SlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. Clearness of sight— Sidney. 

SIGHTLESS (sitless), a. 1. Wanting sight; blind.— Pope. 
_2. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye. — Shak. 

SlGHT'LESS-LY (sit'-), adv. In a sightless manner. 

Si GHT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of sight. 

SlGHT'LI-NESS, n. Comely appearance ; an appearance 
_plcasing to the sight. 

SlGHT'LY, a. 1. Pleasing to the eye ; striking to the view. 
2. Open to the view ; that may be seen from a distance. 

SlGHTS'MAN, n. Among musicians, one who reads music 
readily at first sight. — Busby. 

Sld'IL, n. [L. sigillum.] A seal ; signature. — Dryden. 

Sld-IL-LI'RI-A, n. A name given to certain large plants 
found in the coal formation. — Brongniart. 

t SI-GIL'LA-TlVE, a. [Fr. sigillatif ; L. sigillum.] Fit to 

■Cot. 



seal ; belonging to a seal ; composed of wax. 

SIG'MA, n. The name of the Greek letter £, $ (English S). 

SIGMOID, la. [Gr. ciyixa and aSos.] Curved like the 

SIG-MOIDAL, > Greek ? (sigma). Bigelow.— Sigmoid flex- 
ure, in anatomy, the double turn of the colon before it en- 
ters the rectum. — P. Cyc. 

SIGN (sine), n. [Fr. signe ; It. segno ; Sp. sena ; L. signum ; 
Sax. segen.] 1. Something by which another thing is 
shown or represented. 2. A motion, action, nod, or ges- 
ture indicating a wish or command. 3. A remarkable 



transaction, event, or phenomenon; as, signs and won. 
ders. 4. Some visible transaction, event, or appearance 
intended as proof or evidence of something else ; hence, 
proof; evidence by sight. 5. Something hung or set near 
a house or over a door, to give notice of the tenant's occu 
pation, or what is made or sold within. 6. A mi-morial or 
monument; something to preserve the memory of a thing. 
7. Visible representation. 8. A mark of distraction. 9 
Typical representation.— 10. In astronomy, the twelfth part 
of the eclipric or zodiac. The twelve signs are Aries, Tail 
rus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagitta- 
rius, Capricornus, Aquarius, and Pisces. In consequence 
of the precession of the equinoxes, the signs do not at 
present correspond in positicn with the constellations of 
the same name. — 11. In algebra, a character indicating the 
relation of quantities, or an operation performed upon 
them. 12. The subscription of one's name ; signature. — 
13. Among physicians, an appearance in the human body, 
which indicates its condition in respect to health. — 14. In 
music, any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, &c — Syn. To- 
ken ; mark ; note ; symptom ; indication ; symbol ; type ; 
omen ; prognostic ; presage ; bodement ; manifestation. 

SIGN (sine), v. t. 1. To mark with characters or one's name. 
_2. To signify ; to represent typically ; [obs.] 3. To mark. 

SlGN, v. i. To be a sign or omen. — Shak. 

Sl.GN (sine), v. t. To signify by the hand; to move the hand 
for intimating something to another. 

SlGN'-BoARD, n. A board on which a man sets a notice of 
his occupation or of articles for sale. 

SIGN'-MANtT-AL, n. One's own name written by himself; 
applied particularly to the signature of a sovereign or 
_prince._ 

SlGN'-PoST, n. [sign and post.] A post on which a sign 
hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice 
of any thing. 

SIG'NAL, n. [Fr. signal; Sp. senal.] A sign that gives or is 
intended to give notice, or to communicate intelligence oi 
orders, or the notice given. 

SIG'NAL, a. Worthy of note ; distinguished from what is 
ordinary. — Syn. Eminent ; remarkable ; memorable ; ex 
traordinary ; notable ; conspicuous. 

SIG'NAL-FlRE, n. A fire intended for a signal. 

t S1G-NAL'I-TY, n. Quality of being signal or remarkable. 

SIG'NAL-lZE, v. t. 1. To make remarkable or eminent ; to 
render distinguished from what is common. — 2. Among 
seamen, to make signals to, by means of flags, &c. 

SIG'NAL-lZED, pp. Made eminent. 

SIG'NAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making remarkable. 

SIG'NAL-LY, adv. Eminently ; remarkably ; memorably 
in a distinguished manner. 

t SIG-Na'TION, n. Sign given ; act of betokening. 

SIG'NA-TO-RY, a. Relating to a seal ; used in sealing. 

SIG'NA-TETRE, n. [Fr.] 1. A sign, stamp, or mark impressed 
— 2. In old medical writers, an external mark or character 
on a plant, supposed to point out its nature and use. 3. A 
mark for proof, or proof from marks. 4. Sign -manual ; 
the name of a person written or subscribed by himself. — 
5. Among printers, a letter or figure at the bottom of the 
first page of a sheet or half sheet, by which the sheets are 
distinguished and their order designated, as a direction to 
the binder. — 6. In physiognomy, an external mark or fea- 
ture, supposed to indicate the nature and characteristics 
of a person, &c. — 7. In music, the flats or sharps at the be- 
ginning of each staff, to mark the key of the movement. 

t SIG'NA-TtTRE, v. t. To mark ; to distinguish. 

SIG'NA-THR-IST, n. One who holds to the doctrine of sig- 
natures impressed upon objects. [Little used.] 

SlGNJSD (sind), pp. Marked ; subscribed. 

SlGN'ER (sln'er), n. One who signs or subscribes his 
name. 

SICNET, n. A seal ; in Great Britain, the seal used by the 
king in sealing his private letters and grants. 

SIG-NIF1-CANCE, \ n. [L. significans^] 1. Meaning ; im- 

SIG-NIF'I-€AN-CY, 3 port ; that which is intended to be 
expressed. 2. Force ; energy ; power of impressing the 
mind. 3. Importance ; moment ; weight ; consequence. 

SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, a. [L. significans.] 1. Expressive of some- 
thing beyond the external mark. 2. Bearing a meaning ; 
expressing or containing signification or sense. 3. Be- 
tokening something ; standing as a sign of something. 4. 
Expressive or representative of some fact or event. 5. 
Important ; momentous ; [obs.] 

SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, adv. 1. With meaning. 2. With force 
of expression. — South. 

SIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. significatio.] 1. The act of 
making known, or of communicating ideas to another by 
signs or by words, by any thing that is understood, partic- 
ularly by words. 2. That which is understood to be in- 
tended by a sign, character, mark, or word. — Syn. Mean- 
ing ; import ; sense. 

SIG-NIF'I-€A-TiVE, a. [Fr. significatif.] 1. Betokening or 
representing by an external sign. 2. Having signification 
or meaning ; expressive of a certain idea or thing. 



DoVE ;— BU LI , UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"GIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. 



SIL 



924 



SIL 



5IG-NIFI-43 A-Tl VE-L Y, adv. So as & i epresent or express 
by an external sia:n. — Usher. 

SIG-NIF'I-€A-TlVE-NESS, n. The quality of being signifi- 
cative. 

SIG-NI-FI-GITOR, n. That which signifies.— Burton. 

SIG-NIF'I-GA-TO-RY, n. That which betokens or signifies. 

SIG'NI-Fl.ED, pp Made known by signs or words. 

SIG'NI-FY, v. t. [Fr. signifier ; L. significo.] 1. To make 
known something, either by signs or words. 2. To have 
or contain a certain sense. 3. To weigh ; to have conse- 
quence ; as, it signifies much or little. 4. To make known ; 
to give information.— Syn. To express ; manifest ; declare ; 
utter ; intimate ; betoken ; denote ; imply ; mean. 

SIG'NI-FY, v. i. To express meaning with force. — Swift. 
[Little used.] 

SIG'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Making known by signs or words. 

SIGNING (sln'ing), ppr. Marking; subscribing; signifying 
by the hand. 

SlGN'IOR (seen'yur), n. A title of respect among the Ital- 
ians. See Seignob. 

S5EGN'IOR-lZE (seen'yur-Ize), v. i. To exercise dominion, 
or to have dominion. [Little used.] 

SlGN'IOR- Y (seen'yur-e), n. A different, but less common 
spelling of seigniory, which see. It is used for lordship or 
dominion, and in Shakspeare for seniority. 

fSIK, ) . „ 

f SlKE < a ' kuch. — Spenser. 

SlKE, n. [Sax. sic, sich.] A small stream or rill ; one which 
is usually dry in summer. 

t SIK'ER, a. or adv. Sure ; surely. Sec Sicker. 

t SIKER-NESS, n. Sureness ; safety.— Chaucer. 

SlLE. v. t. To strain, as fresh milk from the cow. [Local.] 

SlL ED (sild), pp. Strained. 

Sl'LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. silentium ; It. silenzio ; Sp. silcncio.] 
1. In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound 
or noise. — 2. In animals, the state of holding the peace ; 
forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals. 
3. Habitual taciturnity. 4. Secrecy. 5. Stillness; calm- 
ness ; quiet ; cessation of rage, agitation, or tumult. 6. Ab- 
sence of mention ; oblivion. — 7. Silence is used elliptically 
_for let there be silence, an injunction to keep silence. 

Sl'LENCE, v. t. 1. To oblige to hold the peace ; to restrain 
from noise or speaking. 2. To still ; to quiet ; to restrain ; 
to appease. 3. To stop. 4. To cause to cease firing by a vig- 
orous cannonading; as, to silence a fort or vessel. — Totten. 
5. To restrain from preaching by revoking license to preach ; 
[U. States.] 6. To put an end to ; to cause to cease. 

Sl'LENC ED (si'lenst), pp. Stilled ; hushed. 

Sl'LENC-ING, ppr. Stilling. 

Sl'LENT, a. 1. Not speaking. 2. Habitually speaking lit- 
tle ; not inclined to much talking ; not loquacious. 3. Hav- 
ing no noise ; as, a silent time. 4. Not operative ; want- 
ing efficacy. — Raleigh. 5. Not mentioning ; not proclaim- 
ing. 6. Calm. 7. Not acting ; not transacting business in 
person. 8. Not pronounced ; having no sound, as a letter. 
_ — Syn. Dumb ; mute ; speechless ; taciturn ; quiet ; still. 

Sl-LEN'TIA-RY, n. One appointed to keep silence and or- 
_der in court ; one sworn not to divulge secrets of state. 

Sl'LENT-LY, adv. 1. Without speech or words. 2. With- 
_out noise. 3. Without mention. 

Sl'LENT-NESS, n. State of being silent ; stillness. 

SI-Le'SIA, n. A country belonging to Prussia; hence, a 
species of linen cloth so called ; thin, coarse linen. 

SI-Le'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Silesia. 

Sl'LEX, n. [L. flint.] Silicic acid, generally impure, as it is 
found in nature, constituting flint, quartz, and most sands 
and sandstones. See Silica and Silicic Acid. 

SIL'HoU-ETTE (sfl'oo-ot), n. [Fr., from the name of the im- 
prover.] A profile ; a representation of the outlines of an 
object filled in with a black color. — Brande. 

SIL'I-GA, n. [L. silex.] Pure silicic acid. It was considered 
to be one of the primitive earths. See Silicic Acid. 

SI-LIC'IC ACTD, n. An acid composed of one equivalent 
of silicon with one of oxygen, according to Thomson, or 
with three of oxygen, according to Berzelius. When pure, 
it is a light white powder, inodorous and insipid. Rock 
crystal, flint, and other varieties of quartz, are nearly pure 
silicic acid. 

RlL-IC'I-CAL-Gi'RE-OUS, a. [silex and calcareous.] Con- 
sisting of silex and calcareous matter. 

SIL-ICl-CALCE, n. [L. silex or silica and calx.] A silicious 
rock containing carbonate of lime. — Saussure. 

SIL'I-CATE, n. A salt composed of silicic acid and a base. 

SIL'I-€a-TED, a. Combined with silicic acid. — Silliman. 
[Rare.] 

SIL-I-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. silex and fero.] Producing silex, 
or uniting with a portion of silex. 

SIL-IC-I-Ff-CI'TION, n. Petrifaction by flint or silex.— 

Mantell._ 
SIL-IC'I-Fi-ED, pp. or a. Petrified by flint 
3IL-IC1-FY (sil-is'e fi), v. t. [L. silex and facio.] To convert 

into silex. — Say. 
SIL-IC'I-F?, v. i. To become silex. 



SIL-IC'I-FY-ING, ppr. Petrifying by silex. 

SIL-IC-I-Mu'RlTE, n. [silex and muria.] An earth -*om 
posed of silex and magnesia. 

SI-Li"CIOUS (se-lish'us), a. Pertaining to silex, or partak 
ing of its nature and qualities. 

SI-LIC'I-TED, a. Impregnated with silex. — Kirwan. 

SI-Ll"CIUM, n. Silicon, which see. The name silicium-w&a 
given by those who supposed it to be a metal like sodium 
— Silliman. 

SIL'I-CLE, In. [L. silicula.] In botany, a pericarp oi 

SIL-ICU-LA, > seed vessel, as broad as it is long, consist 
ing of two valves, two sutures, and a dissepiment, with the 
seeds attached alternately to each edge of the dissepiment. 

SIL'I-CON, n. [L. silex.] A dark nut-brown elementary 
substance, destitute of metallic lustre, and a non-conduct- 
or of electricity. It is incombustible in common air and 
in oxygen gas, but burns in certain salts containing oxygen. 

SI-LIG'U-LoSE, a. Having or pertaining to silicles. 

SI-LIG'I-NoSE, a. [L. siligo.] Made of fine wheat. — Bailey. 

SlL'ING, ppr. Straining. 

t SlL'ING-DISH, n. [Dan. siler.] A colander. 

SIL'I-QUA, n. [L.] With gold-finers, a carat, six of which 
make a scruple. — Johnson. 

SIL'1-Q.UA, )n. [L.siliqua.] An elongated pericarp or seed- 

SIL'lQUE, J vessel, consisting of two valves, two sutures, 
and a dissepiment with the seeds attached alternately to 
each ed»e of the dissepiment. 

SIL'I-QUI-FORM, a. Having the form of a siliqua.— Smith. 

SIL'I-QUoSE, la. [L. siliquosus.] Having that species of 

SIL'1-Q.UOUS, 5 pericarp called silique. — Martyn. 

SILK, n. [Sax. seolc ; Sw. silke ; Dan. silke.] 1. The fine, 
soft thread produced by various species of caterpillars, 
particularly by the larva of the insect called silk-worm, or 
bombyx mori. 2. Cloth made of silk. 3. The filiform style 
of the female flower of maize, which resembles real silk 
in fineness and softness. — Virginia silk, a climbing plant, 
of the genus pcriploca. 

SILK, a. Pertaining to silk ; consisting of silk. 

SILK-COTTON-TREE, n. A tropical tree, of the genus 
bombax, having its seeds enveloped in a cottony substance. 

SILK'-GRaSS, n. A filamentous plant, of the genus yucca. 
— Farm. Encyc. 

SILK'-MER-CER, n. A dealer in silks. 

SILK'-MILL, n. A mill for reeling, spinning, and manu- 
facturing silk. 

SILK'-THRoW-ER, \n. One who throws silk. See 

SILK'-THRoW-STER, 5 Throw. 

SILK'-WeAV-ER, n. [silk and weaver.] One whose occu- 
pation is to weave silk stuffs. — Watts. 

SILK'-WEED, n. A plant, of the genus asclepias, also 
called wild cotton, whose seed-vessels contain a long, silky 
down. — Farm. Encyc. 

SILK-W6RM (-wurm), n. The worm which produces 
silk, bombyx mori ; the larva of a lepidopterous insect. 

SILK'-WoRM GUT, n. A substance prepared from the 
entrails of silk-worms, used in making lines for angling. — 
Ure. 

SILKEN (silk'n), a. [Sax. seolcen.] 1. Made of silk. 2. 
Like silk ; soft to the touch. 3. Soft ; delicate ; tender ; 
smooth. 4. Dressed in silk. 

SILK'S N (silk'n), v. t. To render soft or smooth.. 

SILKEN JED (silk'nd), pp. Rendered and soft smooth. 

SILK'I-NESS, n. 1. The qualities of silk; softness and 
smoothness to the feel. 2. Softness ; effeminacy ; pusil 
lanimity ; [little used.] 

SILK'MAN, n. [silk and man.] A dealer in silks.— Shak. 

SILKY, a. 1. Made of silk; consisting of silk. 2. Like silk; 
soft and smooth to the touch. 3. Pliant ; yielding. 

SILL, n. [Sax. syl, syll, syle; Fr. seuil] 1. The base or 
foundation of a thing ; a piece of timber on which a build- 
ing rests. 2. The timber or stone at the foot of a door ; 
the threshold. 3. The timber or stone on which a win- 
dow-frame stands ; or the lowest piece in a window-frame. 
4. The shaft or thill of a carriage. — Grose ; [local.] 

SIL'LA-BUB, n. A liquor made by mixing wine or cider 
with milk, and thus forming a soft curd. — King. 

SIL'LI-LY, adv. In a silly manner ; foolishly ; without the 
exercise of good sense or judgment. 

SIL'LI-MAN-ITE, n. A mineral found at Saybrook, in Con 
necticut, so named in honor of Prof. Silliman. It occurs 
in grayish-brown or hair-brown prismatic crystals, and is 
composed of silica and alumina, with some oxyd of iron. 

SIL'LI-NESS, n. Weakness of understanding ; want ol 
sound sense or judgment ; simplicity ; harmless folly. 

SIL'LOCK, n. The name given in the Orkney Isles to the 
fry, of the coal-fish, which is allied to the cod-fish ; also 
spelled sillik and sellok. — Jamieson's Diet. 

SIL'LY, a. 1. Weak in intellect ; destitute of ordinary 
strength of mind. 2. Proceeding from want of under- 
standing or common judgment ; characterized by weak- 
ness or folly. 3. Weak; helpless; [obs.] — Syn. Brain- 
less; witless; simple; shallow; foolish; unwise; indis- 
creet; imprudent. 



Set Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, g, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BOOK, 



MM 



925 



SIM 



t SlL'LY-HOW, n. The membrane that covers the head 
of the fetus. — Brown. 

SILT, v. i. To choke, fill, or obstruct with mud. 

SILT, n. 1. Saltness, or salt-marsh or mud. 2. A deposit 
of mud or fine earth from running or standing water. — 
Dana. 

SILTING, ppr. Choking, filling, or obstructing with mud. 

SI-Lu'BI-AN, a. [from the Silures, who anciently inhabited a 
part of England and Wales.] In geology, a term applied 
to the fossiliferous strata below the old red sandstone. — 
Miurchison. 

Si-Lu'RI-DANS, n. pi. The family of fishes of which the 
silurus is the type. — Brande. 

SI-Lu'RUS, ? n. [L. silurus ; Fr. silure.] A fish of the genus 

SI-LuRE', ) silurus, as the sheat-fish. — Diet. Nat. Hist. 

SIL'VA, n. [L.] 1. A collection of poems. 2. The natural 
history of the forest-trees of a country. This word is 
more commonly spelled Sylva. 

SIL'VAN, a. [L. silva. It is also written sylvan.] 1. Per- 
taining to a wood or grove ; inhabiting woods. 2. Woody ; 
abounding with woods. 

SIL'VAN, n. Another name of tellurium. — Werner. 

SIL'VATE. See Sylvate. 

SIL'VER, n. [Sax. scolfer, siluer ; Goth, silubr ; G. silber ; D. 
zilver; Sw. silfver.] 1. A metal of a white color and lively 
brilliancy. It is exceedingly malleable and ductile, harder 
than gold, but not so hard as copper, and unaffected by 
pure atmospheric air. Its specific gravity is about 10£ 
times that of water. It is obtained chiefly from mines in 
Mexico and South America, but is also found in various 
other parts of the world. 2. Money ; coin made of silver. 
3. Any thing of soft splendor. — Pope. 

SIL'VER, a. 1. Made of silver. 2. White like silver. 3. 
White, or pale ; of a pale lustre. 4. Soft and clear ; as, 
silver tones. 

SIL'VER, v. t. 1. To cover superficially with a coat of sil- 
ver. 2. To foliate ; to cover with tinfoil amalgamated 
with quicksilver. 3. To adorn with mild lustre ; to make 
smooth and bright. 4. To make hoary. 

SIL'VER-BeAT-ER, n. [silver and beater.] One who foli- 
ates silver, or forms it into a leaf. 

SIL'VER-BUSH, n. A plant, a species of anthyllis. 

SIL'VER-BUS'KINED, a. Buskined with silver.— Milton. 

SIL'VER-FiR (-fur), n. A species of fir.— Berkeley. 

SIL'VER-FISH, n. A fish of the size of a small carp, named 
from its silvery stripes. 

SIE'VER-HaHLED, a. Having hair of the color of silver.— 
South. 

SIL'VER-LeAF, n. Silver beaten into a thin leaf. 

SIL'VER-SMITH, n. [silver and smith.] One whose occu- 
pation is to work in silver. 

SIL'VER-THIS-TLE (-this'l), n. [silver and thistle.] A plant. 

SIL'VER-TREE, n. An evergreen shrub, or small tree, of 
the genus leucadendron, a native of South Africa. — Loudon. 

3IL'VER-WEED, n. A perennial plant of the genus polen- 
tilla. 

SIL'VER£TJ, pp. Covered with a thin coat -of silver; ren- 
dered smooth and lustrous ; made white or hoary. 

SIL'VEB.-ING, ppr. Covering the surface with a thin coat of 
silver ; foliating ; rendering mildly lustrous. 

SIL'VER-ING, n. 1. The art or operation of covering the 
surface of any thing with silver. 2. The silver thus laid on. 

SIL'VER-LING, n. A silver coin.— 7s., vii. 

SIL'VER-LY, adv. With the appearance of silver. — Shak. 

SIL'VER- Y, a. 1. Like silver ; having the appearance of 
silver ; white ; of a mild lustre. 2. Besprinkled or covered 
with silver. 

SIL'VIC ACID. See Sylvic acid. 

Sl'MA. See Cyma. 

f SIM'A-GRE (-gur), n. [Fr. simagree.] Grimace. — Dryden. 

IS I* Ma RE' \ n ' V?*- simarre.] A woman's robe. — Dryden. 

SIM'I-A, n. [L. an ape.] A general name of the various tribes 
of monkeys. 

SIM1-LAR a. [Fr. similaire ; It. simile ; Sp. similar ; L. 
similis.] Like ; resembling ; having a like form or ap- 
pearance. — In geometry, similar rectilineal figures are such 
as have their several angles respectively equal, each to 
each, and their sides about the equal angles proportional. 
— Similar solids are such as are contained by the same 
number of similar planes, similarly situated, and having 
like inclination to one another. — Brande. 

SIM-I-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being similar.— Syn. Like- 
ness ; resemblance ; similitude ; uniformity. 

SIM'I-LAR-LY, adv. In like manner ; with resemblance. 

f SIM1-LAR-Y. The same as similar. 

SIM'I-LE, n. [L.] In rhetoric, similitude ; a comparison of 
two things which, however different in other respects, 
have some strong point or points of resemblance. 

SI-MIL' I-TER, n. [L. in like manner.] In law, the technical 
designation of the form by which either party, in pleading, 
accepts the issue tendered by his opponent. — Brande. 

SI-MIL'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. : L. similitudo.] 1. Likeness; re- 



semblance ; similarity ; likeness in nature, qualities, or ap 
pearance. 2. Comparison; simile. — Dryden. 

SI-MIL-I-Tu'DI-NA-RY, a. Denoting resemblance. 

SIM'I-LOR, n. An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling 
brass, but of a golden color. — Ure. 

SIM'I-OUS, a. [L. simia.] Pertaining to or like a monkey 

SIM'I-TAR. See Cimeter. 

SIM'MER, v. i. To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing. 

SIM'MER-ING, ppr. Boiling gently. 

SIM'NEL, n. [Dan. simle; Sw. simla; G. semmel.] A kind 
of sweet cake ; a bun. 

SI-Mo'NI-AG, n. [Fr. simuniaque.] One who buys or sells 
preferment in the Church.— Ayl/ffc. 

SIM-O-Nl'AC-AL, a. 1. Guilty of simony. 2. Consisting ia 
simony, or the crime of buying or selling ecclesiastica. 
preferment. 

SIM-0-Nl'A€-AL-LY, adv. With the guilt or offense of 
simony. 

SI-Mo'NI-ANS, n. pi. The followers of Simon Magus. See, 
also, Saint Simonians. 

SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Partaking of simony ; given to simony. 

SIM'O-NY, n. [from Simon Magus.] The crime of buying 
or selling ecclesiastical preferment. 

SI-MOOM', 1 n. A hot, dry wind, which blows in Arabia, 

SI-MOON', 5 Syria, and the neighboring countries, from 
the interior deserts. — Brande. 

Sl'MOUS, a. [L. simo.] 1. Having a very flat or snub nose, 
with the end turned up. 2. Concave. — Brown. 

SIM'PER, v. i. To smile in a silly manner. — Shak. 

SIM'PER, n. A smile with an air of silliness. — Addison. 

SIMTER-ING, ppr. or a. Smiling foolishly. 

SIM'PER-ING, n. The act of smiling with an air of silliness. 

SIMTER-ING-LY, adv. With a silly smile. 

SIM'PLE, a. [Fr.; L. simplex.] 1. Consisting of one thing; 
not compounded, mingled, or combined with any thing 
else. 2. Not given to design, stratagem, or duplicity ; as, 
a simple husbandman. 3. Destitute of art, ati'ectation, or 
constraint ; as, simple manners. 4. Characterized by 
plainness or want of ornament ; as, a simple narrative. 5. 
Not complex or complicated. 6. Weak in intellect ; not 
wise or sagacious. — 7. In botany, undivided, as a root, stem, 
or spike ; only one on a petiole, peduncle, &c. — 8. Simple 
when applied to minerals and rocks, refers to their homo- 
geneousness, and not to the number of elements which 
enter into their composition. — A simple body, in chemistry, 
is one that has not been decomposed, or separated into 
two or more elementary bodies. — Syn. Single ; uncom- 
pounded ; unmingled ; unmixed ; mere ; uncombined ; 
elementary ; plain ; artless ; sincere ; harmless ; undesign- 
ing ; frank ; open ; unaffected : inartificial ; unadorned ; 
credulous ; silly ; foolish ; shallow ; unwise. 

SIM'PLE, n. Something not mixed or compounded ; a term 
formerly applied to herbs, from the opinion that each one 
was a simple or specific remedy. 

SIM'PLE, v. i. To gather simples or plants. — Garth. 

SIM'PLE-HEXRT'ED, a. Having a simple heart.— Scotc. 

SIM'PLE-MlND'ED, a. Artless ; undesigning. 

SIM'PLE-MlND'ED-NESS, n. Artlessness. 

SIM'PLE MIN'ER-AL, n. A mineral composed of a single 
substance. 

SIM'PLE-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being simple, 
single, or uncompounded. 2. Artlessness ; simplicity. 3 
Weakness of intellect. 

SIM'PLER, n. One who collects simples; an herbalist; « 
simplist. 

t SIM'PLE SS, for simplicity, or silliness. — Spenser. 
SIM'PLE-TON (-pl-tiin), n. A silly person; a person oi 
weak intellect ; a trifler ; a foolish person. — Pope. 

t SIM-PLl"CIAN (sim-plish'an), n. An artless or undesign- 
ing person. 
SIM-PLIC'I-TY, n. [L. simplicitas ; Fr. simplicity.] 1. Sin- 
gleness ; the state of being unmixed or uncompounded. 
2. The state of being not complex, or of consisting of few 
parts. 3. Artlessness of mind ; freedom from a propensity 
to cunning or stratagem ; freedom from duplicity ; sin- 
cerity. 4. Plainness ; freedom from artificial ornament. 
5. Plainness ; freedom from subtilty or abstruseness. 6 
Weakness of intellect; silliness. — Hooker. 
SIM-PLIF-I-CI'TION, n. The act of making single; the 

act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex. 
SIM'PLI-Fl ED, pp. Made simple or not complex. 
SIM'PLI-FY, v. t. [L. simplex and facio ; Fr. simplifier.] To 
make simple ; to reduce what is complex to greater sim- 
plicity ; to make plain or easy.— Barrow. 
SIM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. Making simple. 
SIM'PLIST, n. One skilled in simples or medical plants. 
SIM'PLO-CE. See Symploce. 

SIM'PLY, adv. 1. Without art ; without subtilty ; artlessly ; 
plainly. 2. Of itself; without addition ; alone. 3. Mere- 
ly ; solely. 4. Weakly ; foolishly. 
SUaPU-La-CHRE (-ker), n. [L. simulacrum.] An image. 
t SIM'U-LAR, 72, One who simulates or counterfeits some- 
thing. — Shak. See Simulate. 



D(WE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SIN 



926 



SIN 



SIMULATE, v. t. [L. simulo.] To feign ; to counterfeit ; 
to assume the mere appearance of something, without the 
reality. 

SIMTJ-LATE, a. [L. simulatus.] Feigned ; pretended. 

SIM'U-La-TED, pp. or a. Feigned ; pretended ; assumed 
artificially. — Chesterfield. 

SIM'U-L I-TING, ppr. Feigning ; pretending ; assuming the 
appearance of what is not real. 

3IM-U-LaTION, n. [Fr. ; L. simulatio.] The act of feigning 
to be that which one is not ; the assumption of a deceitful 
appearance or character. — Syn. Counterfeiting ; feint ; pre- 
pense. 

Sl-MUL-TA'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. simultanee ; Sp. simultaneo.] 
Existingor happening at the same time. 

SI-MUL-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. At the same time. 

Si-MUL-Ta'N E-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
or happening at the same time. 

tSIM'UL-TY, n. [L. simultas.] Private grudge or quarrel. 

SIN, n. [Sax. sin or syn; G. sunde ; D. zonde ; Sw., Dan. 
synd.] 1. The voluntary departure of a moral agent from 
a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God ; 
any voluntary transgression of the divine law or violation 
of a divine command ; a wicked act ; iniquity. 2. A sin- 
otfering ; an offering made to atone for sin. — 2 Cor., v. 3. 
A man enormously wicked. — Shale; [obs.]— Original sin, 
see Original, a. 

SIN, v. i. [Sax. singian, syngian.] 1. To depart voluntarily 
from the path of duty prescribed by God to man ; to vio- 
late any known rule of duty. 2. To offend against right, 
against men or society ; to trespass. 

SIN, for since. [Scot, syne.] Obsolete, or vulgar. 

SIN'-BORN, a. Derived from sin. 

SIN'-OF-FER-ING, n. A sacrifice for sin ; something offer- 
ed as an expiation for sin. — Ex., xxix. 

SIN'-OP-PRESS£D', a. Oppressed with a sense of sin. 

SIN'-STUNG, a. Stung with remorse for sin. — Baxter. 

Sl-NA-ITTG, a. [from Sinai, the mountain.] Pertaining to 
Mount Sinai ; given or made at Sinai. — Macknight. 

SINA-PIS-IN, n. A principle extracted from mustard seed, 
sinapis alba. It is white, crystallizable, inodorous, and 
bitter. 

SEN'A-PISM, n. [L. sinapis, sinape.] In pharmacy, a cata- 
plasm composed of mustard seed pulverized, with some 
other ingredients, applied externally. 

SINCE, prep, or adv. [Sw. sedan ; Dan. siden ; D. sint ; sup- 
posed to be contracted from Sax. silhthan. Our early 
writers used sith, sithen, sithence.] 1. After; from the 
time that ; as, " since my coming ;" " since the world be- 
gan." 2. Ago ; past ; before this ; as, about three weeks 
since. 3. Because that; this being the fact that; as, "since 
truth and constancy are vain." Glanville. — Since, when it 
precedes a noun, is called a preposition, but when it pre- 
cedes a sentence, it is called an adverb. 

SIN-CeRE', a. [Fr. ; L. sincerus.] 1. Pure ; unmixed. — 1 
Peter, ii., 2 ; [nearly obsolete.] 2. Unhurt ; uninjured ; [obs.] 
3. Being in reality what it appears to be ; not feigned ; not 
simulated ; not assumed or said for the sake of appearance ; 
not hypocritical. — Syn. Honest ; unfeigned ; unvarnished ; 
real ; true ; unaffected ; inartificial ; frank ; upright ; un- 
dissembling. 

3IN-CeRE'LY, adv. Honestly ; with real purity of heart ; 
without simulation or dissruise ; unfeignedly. 

SIN-CeRE'NESS, n. Sincerity. 

SIN-CER'1-TY, n. [Fr. sincerite ; L. sinceritas.] I. Honesty 
of mind or intention ; freedom from simulation or hypoc- 
risy. 2. Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise, or false pre- 
tense. 

SIN'CI-PUT, n. [L.] The fore-part of the head from the 
forehead to the coronal suture. — Encyc. 

f SIN'DON, n. [L. fine linen.] A wrapper. — Bacon. 

SINE, n. [L. sinus.] In geometry, the sine or right sine of 
an arc is a line drawn from one end of that arc, perpen- 
dicular to the radius drawn through the other end, and is 
always equal to half the chord of double the arc. — Versed 
sine, that part of the diameter between the sine and the 
arc. 

Sl'NE-CuRE, n. [L. sine and cura.] An office which has 
'revenue without employment. — In Church affairs, a bene- 
fice without cure of souls. 

Sl'NE-€uR-ISM, n. The state of having a sinecure. 

Si'NE-€uR-IST, n. One who has a sinecure. 

ST'NE DTE. [L. without day.] An adjournment sine die is 
an adjournment without fixing the time of resuming busi- 
ness or reassembling. 

SIN'E-PlTE, n. [L. sinape, mustard.] Something resembling 
mustard seed. — De Costa. 

STNE QUA NON. [L.] Without which a thing can not be ; 
hence, an indispensable condition. 

SIN'EW (sin'nu), n. f Sax. sinu, sinw, sinwe ; G. sehne.] 1. 
In anatomy, a tendon; that which unites a muscle to a 
tone.— 2. In the plural, strength, or, rather, that which 
supplies strength. 3. Muscle ; nerve. 

SIN'EW, v. t. To knit as by sinews.— Shah 



SIN'EW-SHRUNK, a. Gaunt-bellied, naving the smew* 
under the belly shrunk by excess of fatigue, as a horse. 

SINEW.ED (sin'nude), a. 1. Furnished with sinews. 2.' 
Strong ; firm ; vigorous. — Shah. 

SIN'EW-LESS, a. Having no strength or vigor. 

SIN'EW-Y, a. 1. Consisting of a sinew or nerve. 2. Nerv- 
ous ; strong ; well braced with sinews ; vigorous ; firm. 

SIN'FUL, a. [from sin.] 1. Tainted with sin ; wicked ; ini- 
quitous ; criminal ; unholy. 2. Containing sin, or consist 
ing in sin ; contrary to the laws of God. 

SIN'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner which the laws of God du 
not permit ; wickedly ; iniquitously ; criminally. 

SIN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being sinful or con 
trary to the divine will ; wickedness ; iniquity ; criminality 
2. Wickedness ; corruption ; depravity. 

SING, v. i. ; pret. sung, sang ; pp. sung. [Sax. singan, syn 
gan ; G. singen ; D. zingen ; Sw. siunga ; Dan. synger.] 

1. To utter sounds with various inflections or melodious 
modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according 
to the notes of a song or tune. 2. To utter sweet or me 
lodious sounds, as b'rds. 3. To make a small, shrill sound. 
4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse. 

SING, v. t. 1. To utter with musical modulations of voice. 

2. To celebrate in sonj ; to give praises to in verse. 3. To 
relate or rehearse in numbers, verse, or poetry. 

SIN6E (sinj), v. t. [Sax. scengan ; G. sengen ; D. zengen.] 
To burn slightly or superficially ; to burn the surface of e 
thing, as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the skin. 

SINGE, n. A burning of the surface ; a slight burn. 

SING.ED (sinjd), pp. Burned euperficially. 

SINGEING, ppr. Burning the surface. 

SING'ER, n. [from sing.] 1. One who sings. 2. One versed 
in music, or one whose occupation is to sing. 3. A bird 
that sings. 

SINGTNG, ppr. or a. Uttering melodious or musical notes ; 
making a shrill sound; celebrating in song; reciting in 
verse. 

SING'ING, n. The act of uttering sounds with musical in- 
tonations; musical articulation; the utterance of melodi- 
ous notes. 

SING'ING-BOOK, n. A music-book, as it ought to be called ; 
a book containing tunes. 

SING'IN G-MAN, n. [singing and man.] A man who sings, 
or is employed to sing, as in cathedrals. 

SING'ING-MaS-TER, n. A music-master ; one who teachea 
vocal music. — Addison. 

SING'IN G-WoM- AN, n. A woman employed to sing. 

SING'ING-L Y, adv. With sounds like singing. 

SIN"GLE (sing'gl), a. [L. singulus.] 1. Separate ; one ; only ; 
individual ; consisting of one only. 2. Particular ; indi- 
vidual. 3. Uncompounded ; as, single ideas. — Watts. 4. 
Alone ; having no companion or assistant. 5. Unmarried. 
6 Not double ; not complicated. 7. Performed with one 
person or antagonist on a side, or with one person only op- 
posed to another. 8. Pm-e ; simple ; incorrupt ; unbiased ; 
having clear vision of divine truth. — Matt., vi. 9. Small ; 
weak ; silly. — Shah. ; [obs.] — 10. In botany, a single flower 
is when there is only one on a stem, and, in common usage, 
one not double. 

SIN"GLE (sing'gl), v. t. 1. To select, as an individual person 
or thing from among a number ; to choose one from 
others. 2. To sequester ; to withdraw ; to retire ; [obs.] 

3. To take alone ; [obs.] 4. To separate. 
SIN"GLE-HAND-ED, a. Having one hand or workman 

only. 

SIN"GLE-HEaRT-ED, a. Having no duplicity.— More. 

SIN"GLE-MiND-ED, a. Having a single purpose.— Sedg- 
wick. 

SIN"GLE-SEED-ED, a. Containing one seed only. 

SIN"GLE-STI€K, n. 1. A cudgel. 2. A game at cudgels, 
in which he who first brings blood from his adversary's 
head is pronounced victor. — Halliwell. 

SIN"GLE-TREE, \ n. The cross piece to which the traces 

SWIN"GLE-TREE, 5 of a harnessed horse are fixed. A 
single-tree is fixed upon each end of the double-tree when 
two horses draw abreast. — Haldeman. 

SIN"GLE-VALV.ED, a. Having one valve only. 

SIN"GLJED, pp. Selected from among a number. 

SIN"GLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being one only or sepa- 
rate from all others; the opposite of doublenrss, com- 
plication, or multiplicity. 2. Simplicity ; sincerity ; purity 
of mind or purpose ; freedom from duplicity. 

SIN"GL£S (sing-glz), n. pi. The reeled filaments of silk, 
twisted to give them firmness. — Buchanan. 

SIN"GLIN, 7i. A single gleaning ; a handful of gleaned grain 
[Local.] 

SIN'GLING, ppr. Selecting from among a number. 

SIN"GLY (sing-gly), adv. 1. Individually ; particularly. 2. 
Only by himself. 3. Without partners or companions. 4. 
Honestly; sincerely. 

SING'SONG, n. A term for bad singing, or for drawling. 

SIN"GU-LAR, a. [Fr. singulier ; L. singularis.] 1. Single 
not complex or compound. Watts.— -2. In grammar, ex 



Ike Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, B JRD ;— M6V E, BOOK. 



SIN 



927 



SLR 



pressing one person or thing; as, the singular number. 
3. Particulaz , existing by itself; without precedent; as, 
a singular case. 4. Not usual; rarely equaled ; as, a man 
of singlar industry. 5. Not common; implying something 
censurable or not approved; as, singular conduct. 6. 
Being alone ; that of which there is but one. — Syn. Unex- 
ampled ; unprecedented ; eminent ; extraordinary ; re- 
markable ; uncommon; rare ; unusual ; peculiar ; strange ; 
odd ; eccentric ; fantastic. 

SIN*GU-LAR, n. A particular instance. [Unusual] 

f SIN"GU-LAR-IST, n. One who affects singularity. 

SIN"GU-LAR'I-TY (sing-gu-lar'e-te), n. [Fr. singularity.] 1. 
Peculiarity ; some character or quality of a thing by which 
it is distinguished from all, or from most others. 2. An 
uncommon character or form ; something curious or re- 
markable. 3. Particular privilege, prerogative, or distinc- 
tion. 4. Character or trait of character different from that 
of others ; peculiarity. 5. Oddity. 6. Celibacy.— J. Tay- 
lor ; [obs.] 

f SIN"GU-LAR-lZE, v. t. To make single. 

SIN"GU-LAR-LY. adv. 1. Peculiarly ; in a manner or de- 
gree not common to others. 2. Oddly ; strangely. 3. So 
as to express one or the singular number. 
SIN"GULT,?i. [L. singidtus.] A sigh. 

SIN1-CAL, a. [from sine.] Pertaining to a sine. 

SINIS-TER, a. [L.] 1. Left ; on the left hand, or the side 
of the left hand. 2. Evil ; bad ; corrupt ; perverse ; dis- 
honest. 3. Unlucky; inauspicious. [This word, among 
the poets, is usually accented sinis'ter.l 

f SIN'IS-TER-HAND'ED, a. Left-handed. 

SIN'IS-TER-LY, adv. Absurdly ; perversely ; unfairly. 

SIN'IS-TRAL, a. To the left ; sinistrous.— In conchology, a 
term applied to shells which have the turns of the spiral 
made to the left ; the same as reversed. — Humble. 

8WIS-TRAL-LY, adv. Toward the left. 

SIN-IS-TROR'SAL, a. [sinister, and Gr. opauj.] Rising from 
left to right, as a spiral line or helix. — Henry. 

SIN'IS-TROUS, a. 1. Being on the left side ; inclined to the 
left. — Brown. 2. Wrong ; absurd ; perverse. 

SIN'IS-TROUS-LY, adv. 1. Perversely ; wrongly. 2. With 
a tendency to use the left as the stronger hand. 

SINK, v. i. ; pret. sunk ; pp. sunk. The old pret. sank is 
nearly obsolete. [Sax. sencan, sincan ; Goth, sigewan ; G. 
sinken ; D. zinken.] 1. To go downward by the force of 
greater gravity, in a medium or substance of less specific 
gravity ; opposed to float or swim. 2. To fall gradually. 
3. To enter or penetrate into any body. 4. To become 
lower ; to settle to a level. 5. To be overwhelmed or de- 
pressed ; as, to sink beneath a yoke. 6. To enter deeply ; 
to be impressed. 7. To become deep ; to retire or fall 
within the surface of any thing, as the eyes into the head. 
6. To go downward ; to be in a declining or decaying con- 
dition, as trade or credit. 9. To fall into rest or indolence. 
10. To be lower ; to become less, as prices. — Syn. To fall ; 
subside ; drop ; droop ; lower ; decline ; decay ; decrease ; 
lessen. 

SINK, v. t. 1. To cause to sink ; to put under water ; to im- 
merse in a fluid. 2. To make by digging or delving. 3. 
To depress; to degrade. 4. To plunge into destruction. 
5. To cause to fall or to be plunged. 6. To bring low ; to 
reduce in quantity. 7. To depress ; to overbear ; to crush. 
8. To diminish; to lower or lessen; to degrade. 9. To 
cause to decline or fail. 10. To suppress ; to conceal ; to 
intervert; [unusual.] 11. To depress; to lower in value 
or amount. 12. To reduce ; to pay ; to diminish or anni- 
hilate by payment. 13. To waste ; to dissipate. 

sINK, n. [Sax. sine] 1. A drain to carry off filthy water; 
a jakes. 2. A kind of basin of stone or wood to receive 
filthy water. 

SINK'-HoLE, n. A hole for dirty water to run through. 

SINKER, n. A weight on some body, as a fish-line, to sink it. 

SINKING, ppr. or a. Falling ; subsiding ; depressing ; de- 
clining. — Sinking fund, in finance, a fund created for sink- 
ing or paying a public debt. 

SIN'LESS, a. [from sin.] 1. Free from sin ; pure ; perfect. 
2. Free from sin ; innocent 

SIN'LESS-LY. adv. In a sinless manner ; innocently. 

SIN'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from sin and guilt.— Boyle. 

SIN'NER, n. 1. One who has voluntarily violated the divine 
law; a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any 
divine pz-ecept, or neglected any known duty. 2.. It is 
used in contradistinction to saint, to denote an unregener- 
ate person. 3. An offender ; a criminal. 

SIN'NER, v. i. To act as a sinner ; [in ludicrous language.] 

SIN'O-PER, > n. [L. sinopis ; Gr. ctvunris.] Red ferruginous 

SIN'O-PLE, 5 quartz, sometimes tinged with yellow. 

SIN'O-PLE, n. In the heraldry of Continental Europe, 
green ; vert. — Brande. 

BIN'TER, n. In mineralogy, calcareous sinter, or calc sinter, 
is a loose deposit of carbonate of lime. — Silicious sinter is 
a light cellular or fibrous quartz ; also, a similar variety 
of opal. — Pearl sinter is a variety of opal of a pearly lustre, 
Occurring in globular and botryoidal masses. — Dana. 



SBTU-aTE, v. t. [L. sinuo.] To wind ; to turn ; to bend in 
and out. — Woodward. 

SIN'U-ATE, la. In botany, a sinuate leaf is one that has 

SIN'U-a-TED, J large curved breaks in the margin, resem 
bling bays. 

SIN'U-I-TING, ppr. Winding ; turning ; bending in and out. 

SIN-U-A'TION, n. A winding or bending in and out. 

SIN-U-OS'I-TY, n. [L. sinuosus.] The quality of bending or 
curving in and out ; or a series of bends and turns in arches 
or other irregular figures. 

SINTJ-OUS, }a. [Fr. sinueux, from L. sinus.] Winding. 

SIN'U-oSE, > crooked ; bending in and out ; of a serpen 
tine or undulating form. — Milton. 

SIN'U-OUS-LY, adv. Wmdingly ; crookedly. 

Sl'NUS, n. [L.j 1. A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore 
or an opening into the land.— 2. In anatomy, a cavity in a 
bone or other part, wider at the bottom than at the en- 
trance. — 3. In surgery, a little elongated cavity in which 
pus is collected ; an elongated abscess with only a small 
orifice. — 4. In conchology, a groove or cavity. — Humble. 5 
An opening ; a hollow. 

SIP, v. t. [Sax. sipan ; D. sippen.]' 1. To take a fluid into 
the mouth in small quantities by the lips. 2. To drink or 
imbibe in small quantities. 3. To draw into the mouth 
to extract. 4. To drink out of. 

SIP, v. i. To drink a small quantity ; to take a fiuid with 
the lips. — Dryden. 

SIP, 7i. The taking of a liquor with the lips ; or a small 
_draught taken with the lips. — Milton. 

SlPE, v. i. To ooze ; to issue slowly. — Grose. [Local.] 

Sl'PHON, n. [L. sipho; It. sifone ; Fr. siphon.] 1. A bent 
pipe or tube whose arms are of unequal length. It is 
chiefly used for the purpose of drawing off liquids, as from 
a cask, well, &c. 2. The pipe by which the chambers oi 
a shell communicate ; a siphuncle. 

Sl-PHON'I€, a. Pertaining to a siphon. 

Sl-PHON-O-BRANCH'I-ATE, a. In malacology, provided 
with a tube, by which the water is carried to the gills, a3 
in the mollusks of the order siphonobranchiata. 

Sl'PHUN-GLE (-funk-1), n. In conchology, the opening 
which runs through the partitions of chambered or nau- 
jtiloid shells. 

Si'PHUN-CLjED, a. Having a siphuncle.— Humble. 

Sl-PHUN'€U-LAR, n. Pertaining to a siphuncle.— Buckland. 

Sl-PHUN'CU-LI-TED, a. [L. siphunculus.] Having a little 
siphon or spout, as a valve. — Say. 

SlP'ING, n. The act of oozing. — Granger. 

SIPP.ED (sipt), pp. Drawn in with the lips. 

SIP'PER, n. One who sips. 

t SIP'PET, n. A small sop.— Milton. 

SIPPING, ppr. Drawing in with the lips ; imbibing in small 
quantities. 

Si QUIS. [L. if any one.] These words give name to a no 
tification by a candidate for orders of his intention to in ■ 
quire whether any impediment may be alleged against him, 

SIR (sur), n. [Fr. sire, and sieur, in monsieur ; Norm, sire, 
lord ; Corn, sira.] 1. A word of respect used in addresses 
to men, as madam is in addresses to women. 2. The title 
of a knight or baronet. 3. It is used by Shakspeare for 
man ; [obs.] — 4. Formerly, in American colleges, the title oi 
a master ot arts. 5. It is prefixed to loin, in sirlmn ; as, a 
sirloin of beef. — 6. Formerly, the title of a priest. 

SiR-CIR', n. A Hindoo clerk or writer. — Malcom. 

SJR-DaR, n. A native chief in Hindostan. — Malcom. 

SlRE, n. 1. A father ; [used in poetry.] 2. The male parent 
of a beast ; [particularly used of horses.] 3. It is used in 
composition. 

SlRE, v. t. To beget; to procreate ; [used of beasts.]— Shak 

SlR£D, pp. Begotten. 

* Sl'REN, n. [L. ; Fr. sirene ; It. sirena.] 1. A mermaid. — 
In ancient mythology, a goddess who enticed men into her 
power by the charms of music, and devoured them. 
Hence, in modern use, an enticing woman. 2. A batrachian 
reptile of Carolina, capable of respiring either in the wa- 
ter by means of branchiae, or in the air by means of lungs. 

Sl'REN, a. Pertaining to a siren, or to the dangerous en 
ticements of music ; bewitching ; fascinating. 

SI-ReNE', n. An instrument used for ascertaing the veloc 
ity of aerial vibration, corresponding to the different pitch- 
es of musical sounds. — Brande. 

SFREN-lZE, v. i. To use the enticements of a siren ; to charm. 

Sl'REN-lZ.ED, pp. Charmed. 

Sl'REN-lZ-ING, ppr. Charming. 

SI-Rl'A-SIS, n. [Gr. aipiaa^.] A disease occasioned by thxj 
excessive heat of the sun ; almost peculiar to children. 

SIR'I-US, n. [L.] The large and bright star called the dog- 
star, in the mouth of the constellation canis major. 

SiP-'LOIN (sur-), n. [Fr. surlonge.] A loin of beef, said to 
have been knighted by one of the English kin«s in a fit ot 
good-humor ; but probably sur-loin, the upper part of the 
loin, like sir-name, which is properly si<r-name, i. e., an ad- 
ditional name. — Smart. 

SiR'NlME is more correctly written surname. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI" CIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



SIT 



928 



SIZ 



Sl'RO, n. A mite- ><*ncyc. 

SI-ROCCO, n. [It. ; Sp. siroco, or xaloque.] An oppressive, 

relaxing wind from the Libyan deserts, chiefly experienced 

in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. — Brande. 

* SIR/RAH, n. A word of reproach and contempt ; used in 
addressing vile characters. — Shak. 

S1RT (surt), n. [L. syrlis.] A quicksand. 

* SIRUP, n. [Oriental.] The sweet juice of vegetables or 
fruits, or other juice sweetened ; or sugar boiled with veg- 
etable infusions. [Smart and later writers prefer the pro- 
nunciation sir'up ; Walker and others, sur'up.] 

* SIR'UP jED (sir'upt), a. Moistened or tinged with simp or 

sweet juice. — Drayton. 

* SIR'UP-Y, a. Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities. 
SiR-VENTE' (seer-vangr/), n. [Fr.j A peculiar species of 

poetry, usually satirical, often used by the troubadours of 
the middle ages. — Brande. 

SI-S XL' HEMP, > n. The prepared fibre of the Agave Amer- 

SI-SaL' GRaSS, 3 lean a. or American aloe, used for cord- 
age ; so called from Sisal, a port hi Yucatan. 

SlSE, for assize. 

SlSE, 7i. Six, a term in games. 

SIS'KIN, n. A bird, another name of the aberdavine. 

SISS, v. i. [D. sissen.] To hiss. — Halliwell. [Local in En- 
gland ; in popular use in New England.} 

SISTER, n. [Sax. sweoster ; D. zuster ; G. schwester ; Sw. 
syster ; Dan. sOster.] 1. A female born of the same par- 
ents. 2. A woman of the same faith ; a female fellow- 
Christian. 3. A female of the same kind. 4. One of the 
same kind, or of the same condition. 5. A female of the 
same society, as the nuns of a convent. 

SIS'TER, v. t. To resemble closely.— Shak. [Little used.] 

SISTER, v. i. To be akin ; to be near to.— Shak. [Rare.] 

SISTER-HOOD, n. [sister and hood.] 1. Sisters collective- 
ly, or a society of sisters ; or a society of females united 
in one faith or order. 2. The office or duty of a sister ; 
[rare.] 

SISTEPv.-IN-LAW, n. A husband's or wife's sister. — Ruth. 

SISTER-LY, a. Like a sister ; becoming a sister ; affec- 
tionate. 

SISTRUM, n. [Gr. ozio-rpov, from aeiu), to shake.] A kind 
of timbrel which the Egyptian priests of Isis used to shake 
at the festivals of that goddess. — Brande. 

SIS'Y-PHUS, n. [L. from Gr.] In fabulous history, a robber 
or traitor notorious for his cunning, and whose crimes 
were punished by his being compelled to roll to the top of 
a hill a huge stone, which constantly recoiled, and made his 
task incessant. 

SIT, v. i. ; pret. sat ; old pp. sitten. [Goth, sitan ; Sax. sitan, 
or sittan ; D. xitten ; G. sitzen ; Sw. sitta ; Dan. sidder ; L. 
sedeo.} 1. To rest upon the buttocks, as animals. 2. To 
perch ; to rest on the feet, as fowls. 3. To occupy a seat 
or place in an official capacity. 4. To be in a state of rest 
or idleness. 5. To rest, lie, or bear on, as a weight or bur- 
den. 6. To settle ; to rest ; to abide. 7. To incubate ; to 
cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl. 8. To be 
adjusted ; to be, with respect to fitness or unfitness. 9. To 
be placed in order to be painted. 10. To be in any situa- 
tion or condition. 11. To hold a session ; to be officially 
engaged in public business ; as judges, legislators, or offi- 
cers of any kind. 12. To exercise authority. 13. To be in 
any assembly or council as a member ; to have a seat. 14. 
To be in a local position ; as, the wind sits fair ; [unu- 
sual.] — To sit down. 1. To place one's self on a chair or 
other seat. 2. To begin a siege. 3. To settle ; to fix a per- 
manent abode. 4. To rest; to cease as satisfied. — To sit 
out, to be without engagement; [rare.]— To sit up. 1. To 
rise or be raised from a recumbent posture. 2. No to go 
to bed. 

clT, v. t. 1. To keep the seat upon ; as, he sits a horse well. 
— 2. To sit me down, to sit him down, to sit them down, 
equivalent to I seated myself, &c. 3. " The court was sat," 
an expression of Addison, is an impropriety. 
SITE, 7i. [L. situs.] 1. Situation ; local position ; place ; 
spot. 2. A seat or ground-plot. 3. The posture of a thing 
with respect to itself. — Thomson ; [impropa:] 
f SITED, a. Placed ; situated.— Spenser. 
SIT'FaST, 7i. In farriery, an ulcerated horny sore growing 

on a horse's back under the saddle. — Farm. Encyc. 
) SITH, adv. [Sax. sith, siththan.] Since.; in later times. — 

Spenser. 
t SlTHE, n. Time.- -Spenser. 
SlTHE. See Scythe. 

t SITH'ENCE, { adv. [Sax. siththan.] Since; in later times. 
\ SITH'ES, 5 —Spenser. 

SITTER, n. 1. One who sits. 2. A bird that incubates. 
SITTING, ppr. or a. 1. Resting on the buttocks, or on the 
feet, as fowls ; incubating ; brooding. — 2. a. In botany, ses- 
sile, i. e., without petiole, peduncle, or pedicel, &c. 
SITTING, n. 1. The posture of being on a seat. 2. The 
act of placing one's self on a seat. 3. A seat or space in 
the pew of a church sufficient for one person. — Halliwell. 
4. The act or time of resting in a posture for a painter to 



take the likeness. 5. A session ; the actmd presence or 
meeting of any body of men. 6. An uninterrupted appli- 
cation to business or study for a time ; course of study un- 
intermitted. 7. A time for which one sits, as at play, at 
work, or on a visit. 8. Incubation ; a resting on eggs for 
hatching, as fowls. 

SIT'U-ATE, a. [Fr. situer ; It. situare, situato ; Sp. situar.] 
1. Placed, with respect to any other object. 2. Placed , 
consisting. 

SIT'U-A-TED, a. 1. Seated, placed, or standing with respect 
to any other object. 2. Placed or being in any state oi 
condition with regard to men or things. 

SIT-U-A'TION, n. [Fr.; It. situazione.] 1. Location in re- 
spect to something else. 2. State ; condition, as of diffi- 
culty or ease. 3. Circumstances ; temporary state. 4. 
Place ; office. — Syn. Position ; seat ; site ; station ; post ; 
place ; office ; state ; condition ; ease ; plight ; predica 
ment. 

SI'VA, v.. In Indian mythology, a title of the Supreme Be 
ing, in the character of the avenger or destroyer. 

SIVAN, n. The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical 
year, answering to part of our May and part of June. 

SIV-A-THk'RI-UM, n. [Siva, an India deity, and Gr. Snpiov, 
a wild animal.] An extinct animal, with four horns and a 
proboscis, whose skull and other bones were recently dis- 
covered in India. It was larger than the rhinoceros, and 
must have resembled an immense antelope. — Mantell. 

SIX, a. [Fr. six; L. sex; It. sei; Sp. seis ; D. zes; G. sechs , 
Dan., Sw. sex ; Sax. six.] Twice three. 

SIX, n. The number of six, or twice three.— To be at six 
and seven, or, as more generally used, at sixes and sevens, 
is to be in disorder. — Swift. 

SIX -PEN-NY, a. Worth sixpence ; as, a six-penny loaf. 

SIX'-PET-AL2SD, a. In botany, having six petals. 

SIX'FoLD, a. [six and/oW. ; Sax. six and feald.} Six times 
repeated ; six double ; six times as much. 

SIXPENCE, n. 1. An English silver coin of the value of six 
pennies ; half a shilling. 2. The value of six pennies. 

SIX'SCGRE, a. [six and score.] Six times twenty ; one hund- 
red and twenty. — Sandys. 

SIXTEEN, a. [Sax. sixtene, sixtyne.] Six and ten ; noting 
the sum of six and ten. 

SIXTEENTH, a. [Sax. sixteotha.] The sixth after the tenth : 
the ordinal of sixteen. 

SIXTH, a, [Sax. sixta.] The first after the fifth ; the ordinal 
of six. 

SIXTH, n. 1. The sixth part. — 2. In music, a hexachord, an 
interval. The minor sixth is composed of three tones and 
two semitones ; the major sixth of four tones and one semi 
tone. 

SIXTHLY, adv. In the sixth place. — Bacon. 

SIXTI-ETH, a. [Sax. sixteogotha.] The ordinal of sixty. 

SIXTY, a. [Sax. sixtig.] Ten times six. 

SIXTY, 7t. The number of six times ten. 

SlZA-BLE, a. 1. Of considerable bulk.— Hurd. 2. Being 
of reasonable or suitable size ; as, sizable timber. 

ST'ZAR, 7i. In the University of Cambridge, England, the 
name of a body of students next below the pension- 
ers, who eat at the public table, after the fellows, free ot 
expense. They formerly waited on the table at meals, 
but this is done away with. They were probably so called 
from being thus employed in distributing the size or pro- 
visions. — Huber. See Size, n., No. 3. 

SIZE, 7i. [contracted from assize, or from L. scissus.] 1. 
Extent of bulk or superficies. 2. A quantity or allow- 
ance of food or provisions, [contracted from assize ;] as, 
to scant my sizes.— Shak. ; [obs.] — 3. At the University of 
Cambridge," England, food and drink from the buttery, 
aside from the regular dinner at commons, corresponding 
to battel at Oxford.— Grad. ad Cantab. 4. Figurative bulk ; 
condition as to rank and character ; [little 7ised.] — Syn. 
Dimensions ; bigness ; largeness ; greatness ; magnitude. . 

SIZE, n. [ W. syth ; Sp. sisa.] 1. A kind of weak glue, used 
in manufactures. 2. An instrument consisting of thin leaves 
fastened together at one end by a rivet ; used to measure 
the size of pearls. 

SIZE, v. t. 1. To adjust or arrange according to size or 
bulk. 2. To settle ; to fix the standard ; [rare.] 3. To 
cover with size ; to prepare with size. 4. To swell; to in- 
crease the bulk of. — 5. Among Cornish miners, to separate 
the finer from the coarser parts of a metal by sifting 
them. 

SIZE, v. i. At the University of Cambridge, England, to or- 
der food or drink from the buttery ; a word correspond 
ing to battel at Oxford. — Grad. ad Cantab. 

SlZE'-STICK, n. With shoemakers, a measuring stick. 
SIZED, pp. 1. Adjusted according to size ; prepared witb 

size. 2. a. Having a particular magnitude.—- Shak. 
SI'ZEL, n. In coining, the residue of plates of silver, after 

pieces are cut out for coins. 
SIZ'ER. n. See Sizar. 

SIZ'I-NESS, n. GlutiiK-u-nrss; viscousness. 
SIZING, ppr. Arntu :.i. ..t cording to size. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, K, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SKL 



929 



SKI 



SIZING, n. A weak glue used in manufactures. See Size. 
SlZ'Y, a. Glutinous ; thick and viscous ; ropy ; having the 

adhesiveness of size. — Arbulhnot. 
f SKAD'DLE, n. [Sax. scatk, sceath.] Hurt ; damage. 
\ SKAD'DLE, a. Hurtful ; mischievous.— Ray. 
\ 3K ADDONS, n. pi. The embryos of bees.— Bailey. 
SKaIN, n. [Fr. escaignc.] A knot of thread, yarn, or silk, 

or a number of knots collected. 
f SKaINS'MITE, n. A messmate ; a companion. 
SKiLD, n. [qu. Sw. scalla.] An ancient Scandinavian poet 

cr bard. 

SK5RE \ a - Wfld; timid; sh y-~" Grose - 

SKaTE, n. [D. scliaats ; It. scatto.] A frame of wood, fur- 
nished with a smooth iron, and fastened under the foot, 
for moving rapidly on ice. 

SKaTE, v. i. To shde or move on skates. 

SKaTE, n. [Sax. sccadda; L. squatus, squatina.] A popu- 
lar name of numerous cartilaginous fishes of the ray kind, 
having the body much depressed, and more or less of a 
. rhomboidal form.— P. Cyc. 

SKaT'ER, n. One who skates on ice.— John son. 

EKaT'ING, ppr. Sliding or moving on skates. 

BKaT'LNG, n. The act or art of moving on skates. 

f SKeAN, n. [Sax. sagen.] A short sword, or a knife. 

SKEED, n. See Skid. 

SKEEL, n. [G. schale; Eng. shell] A shallow wooden ves- 
sel for holding milk or cream. — Grose. [Local.] 

SKEER, v. t. To mow lightly over.— Jennings. 

SKEET, n. A long scoop used to wet the sides of ships or 
the sails of small vessels. — Mar. Diet. 

SKEG, 11. A sort of wild plum. — Johnson. 

SKEG'GER, n. A little salmon.— WaUon. 

SKEIN, n. A knot or number of knots of thread, yarn, or 
silk. 

t SKEL'DER, n. A cant term for a vagrant. — Ben Jonson. 

SKEL'E-TON, n. [Fr. squelette ; It scheletro ; Sp. esqueleto.] 
1. The bones of an animal body separated from the flesh 
and retained in their natural position or connections. 2. 
The compages, general structure, or frame of any thing. 
3. The heads and outline of a literary performance, par- 
ticularly of a sermon. 4. A very thin or lean person. 

SKEL'E-TON-KeY, n. A thin, light key, with nearly the 
whole substance of the bits filed away, so that it may be 
less obstructed by the wards of a lock.— Hebert. 

\ SKEL'LUM, n. [G. sckelm.] A scoundrel. 

SKEL'LY, v. i. To squint. — Brockett. 

SKELP, n. [Icel. shelf a.] A blow; a smart stroke. — Brochett. 

SKEN, v. i. To squint. [Craven dialect.] 

SKEP, n. 1. A coarse, round farm-basket. Farm. Encyc. 
— 2. In Scotland, the repository in which bees lay their 
honey. — Johnson. 

SKEPTIC, n. [Gr. oke-tikoS ; Sax. sceawian.] 1. One who 
doubts the truth and reality of any principle or system of 
principles or doctrines.— In philosophy, a Pyrrhonist or 
follower of Pyrrho, the founder of a sect of skeptical phi- 
losophers, who doubted in respect to every thing.— 2. In 
theology, a person who doubts the existence of God, or the 
cruth of revelation. 

SKEPTIC, > a. 1. Doubting ; hesitating to admit the 

SKEPTIC-AL, > certainty of doctrines or principles ; 
doubting of every thing. 2. Doubting or denying the truth 
of revelation. 

5KEPTIC-AL-LY, adv. With doubt ; in a doubting man- 
ner. 

SKEPTIC-AL-NESS, n. Doubt ; pretense or profession of 
doubt. 

SKEPTI-CISM, n. [Fr. scepticisme.] 1. The doctrines and 
opinions of the Pyrrhonists or skeptical philosophers ; uni- 
versal doubt. — 2. In theology, a doubting of the truth of 
revelation, or of the existence of God. 

SKEP'TI-ClZE, v. i. To doubt; to pretend to doubt of ev- 
ery thing. — Shaftesbury. [Little used.] 

SKER'RY,~n. A rocky isle. 

SKETCH, n. [D. scliets ; G. skizze ; Fr. esquisse ; Sp. esquicio.] 
An outline or general delineation of any thing ; a first 
rough or incomplete draught of a plan or any design. 

SKETCH, v. t. 1. To draw the outline or general figure of 
a thing ; to make a rough draught 2. To plan by giving 
the principal points or ideas. Dryden.—SYX. To delin- 
eate ; design; draught; depict; portray; paint. 

SKETCHED (skecht), pp. Having the outline drawn. 

SKETCH'ER n. One who sketches. 

SKETCH'I-NESS, n. State of being sketchy. 

SKETCHING, ppr. Drawing the outline. 

SKETCHY, a. Containing only an outline ; incomplete. 

SKEW (sku), adv. [G. schief; Dan. skieev.] Awry ; obliquely. 
t SKEW (skii), v. t. [Dan. skitzver.] 1. To look obliquely 
upon ; to notice slightly. 2. To form in an oblique way. 
SKEW (sku), v. i. To walk obliquely [Local] 
SKEW-BACK, n. In brick-work and masonry, the abutment 

which slopes to receive the end of an arch.— Brande. 
SKEW-BRID6E, n. A kind of bridge used on a rail-road 



when it intersects any existing communication at right 
angles. — Brande. 

SKEW'EPl (sku'er), n. A pin of wood or iron for fastening 
meat to a spit, or for keeping it in form while roasting. 

SKEWER, v. t. To fasten with skewers. 

SKEWER-ING, ppr. Fastening with skewers. 

SKID, n. 1. A piece of timber placed up and down the side 
of a vessel to preserve it from injury by heavy bodies 
hoisted or lowered against it— Totten. 2. A chain used 
for fastening the wheel of a wagon, to prevent its turn- 
ing round when descending a steep hill.— Farm. Encyc 3 
The name of timbers used for supports, as of barrels, <fec. 
[Am.] 

SKIFF, n. [Ft. esquif; It. schifo ; Sp. esquifo ; G. schiff.] A 
small, light boat, resembling a yawl.— Afar. Diet. 

SKIFF, v. t. To pass over in a light boat. 

SKILL, n. [Sax. scylan ; IceL, Sw. skilia ; Dan. skiller.] 1 
The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with 
readiness and dexterity in the application of it to practical 
purposes. 2. Any particular art ; [obs.] 

t SKILL, v. t. To know ; to understand. 

t SKILL, v. i. 1. To be knowing in ; to be dextrous in per 
formance. 2. To difl'er ; to make (Inference. — Bacon 

SKILL.ED, a. Having famihar knowledge united with readi- 
ness and dexterity in the application of it ; familiarly ac- 
quainted with ; expert ; skillful. 

t SKIL'LESS, a. Wanting skill ; artless.— Sliak. 

SKIL'LET, n. [qu. Fr. ecuelle, ecuellette.] A small vessel ol 
metal, with a long handle ; used for heating and boiling 
water, <fec. 

SKILL'FUL, a. 1. Knowing ; well versed in any art ; hence, 
able in management ; able to perform nicely any manual 
operation in "the arts or professions. 2. Well versed in 
practice. — Syx. Expert ; skilled ; dextrous ; adept ; mas 
terly ; adroit ; clever. 

SKILL'FUL-LY, adv. With skill ; dextrously. 

SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of possessing skill ; dex- 
trousness ; ability to perform well in any art or business. 

SKIL'LING, n. A bay of a barn ; also, a slight addition to a 
cottage. [Local] 

t SKILT, n. Difference. — Cleaveland. See Skill. 

SKIM, ii. [a different orthography of sewn; Fr. ecume; It. 
schiuma ; G. schaum ; D. schuim ; Dan., Sw. skum.] Scum ; 
the thick matter that forms on the surface of a liquor 
[Little used.] 

SKIM, v. t. To take off the thick, gross matter which sep- 
arates from any liquid substance and collects on the sur- 
face. 2. To take off by skimming. 3. To pass near the 
surface ; to brush the surface slightly. 

SKIM, v. i. 1. To pass lightly ; to glide along in an even, 
smooth course, or without flapping. 2. To glide along 
near the surface ; to pass lightly. 3. To hasten over super 
ficially or with slight attention. 

SKIM'-CoLT-ER, )n. A colter for paring off the surface 

SKIM'-€oULT-ER, J of land. 

SKIM'-MILK. )n. Milk from which the cream has 

SKIMM£D'-MILK, j been taken. 

SKIM'BLE-SCAM'BLE, a. [a duplication of scumble.] Wan- 
dering; disorderly. — Shak. [A low word.] 

SKIMM.ED, pp. or a. Taken from the surface ; having the 
thick matter taken from the surface ; brushed along. 

SKIM'MER, n. 1. A utensil in the form of a scoop, used 
for skimming liquors. 2. One who skims over a subject ; 
[rare.] — 3. Black skimmer, a web-footed water-fowl, also 
called cut-water and shear-water. 

SKIM'MING, ppr. 1. Taking from the surface, as cream 
from milk. 2. Gliding lightly along near the surface. 

SKIM'MING-LY, adv. By gliding along the surface. 

SKIM'MINGS, ii. pi Matter skimmed from the surface ot 
liquors. — Edwards, W. Indies. 

SKIM'MING-TON, ? n. A vulgar word from the Danish 

SKIM'I-TRY, 5 skiemter, to jest ; used in the phrase, 

to ride skimmington, or skimitry, which consisted in making 
a man who had been beaten by his wife ride behind a 
woman on a horse, with his face to the horse's tail, follow 
ed by a procession of rough music, as frying-pans, bull's- 
horns, marrow-bones, cleavers, <fcc. — HalliweU. 

SKIN. n. [Sax. scin ; Sw. skinn ; Dan. skind,] 1. The natu- 
ral covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or 
scarf-skin, the rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide. 2. A 
hide ; a pelt ; the skin of an animal separated from the 
body, whether green, dry, or tanned. 3. The body ; the 
person ; [in ludicrous language.] 4. The bark or husk 
of a plant ; the exterior coat or rind of fruits and plants. 

SKIN, v. t. 1. To strip off the skin or hide ; to flay ; to peel 
2. To cover with skin. 3. To cover superficially. 

SRTN, v. i. To be covered with skin. 

SKIN'-DEEP, a. Superficial ; not deep ; slight. 

SKINFLINT, n. A very niggardly person. 

SKINK, n. [Sax. scene.] l."Drink ; pottage ; [obs.] 2. [L. 
scincics.] A small species of lizard, covered with scales 
like a coat of mail, found in Northern and Western Africa, 
and considered by the ancients a sort of universal medi- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE :— AN'GER, Vt'CIOUS.- € as K. ; 6 as J ; 8 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Nnn 



SKU 



930 



SLA 



cine ; also, the common name of the genus of lizards or 
saurian reptiles, to which the officinal slrink belongs. — P. 
Cyc. 

! SK1NK, v. i. [Sax. scencan ; G., D. sckenken ; Dan. skienker.] 
To serve drink. 

f SKINK'ER, n. One who serves liquors. — Shak. 

SKIN'LESS, a. [from skin.] Having a thin skin. 

SKINN.ED, pp. 1. Stripped of the skin ; flayed. 2. Covered 
with skin. 

fcKlN'NER. n. 1. One who skins. 2. One who deals in 
skins, pelts, or hides. 

ERIN'NI-NESS, n. The quality of being skinny. 

SKIN'NING, ppr. Stripping of the skin ; flaying. 

SKIN'NY, a. Consisting of skin, or of skin only ; wanting 
flesh. — Addison. 

SKIP, v. i. [Dan. kipper, to leap ; Ice. skopa.] To leap ; to 
bound ; to spring, as a goat or lamb. 

SKIP, v. t. To pass over or by ; to omit ; to miss. 

SKIP, n. 1. A leap; a bound; a spring. Sidney. — 2. In 
music, a passage from one sound to another, by more than 
a degree at once. — Busby. 

SKIP'- JACK, n. An upstart.— K Estrange. 

SKIP'-KEN-NEL, n. A lackey ; a foot-boy. 

SKIP'PER, n. [Dan. skipper ; D. schipper.] 1. The master 
of a trading or merchant vessel. 2. [from skip.] A dancer. 
3. A youngling ; a young, thoughtless person. 4. The horn- 
fish, so called. 5. The cheese-maggot. 

f SKIP'PET, n. A small boat— Spenser. 

SKIP'PING, ppr. or a. Leaping ; bounding ; not regular in 
course or order ; as, skipping notes in music. 

8KIPTING-R0PE, n. A small rope used by young persons 
in skipping, or leaping up and down. 

SKIP'PING-LY, adv. By leaps. 

SKiRL (skurl), v. i. To scream out. See Shrill. 

SKIRM'ISH (skurm'ish), n. [Fr. escarmouche ; It. scara- 
muccia.] 1. A slight fight in war ; a light combat by ar- 
mies at a great distance from each other, or between de- 
tachments and small parties. 2. A contest ; a contention. 

SKiRM'ISH, v. i. To fight slightly or in small parties. 

SKIRM'ISH-ER, n. One who skirmishes. 

SKiRM'ISH-ING, ppr. Fighting slightly. 

SKiRM'ISH-ING, n. The act of fighting in a loose or slight 
encounter. 

i SK1RR. v. t. To scour ; to ramble over in order to clear. 

t SKiRR, v. i. To scour , to scud ; to run hastily.— Shak. 

SKIR'RET, n. A plant of the genus siitm, having a number 
of tap-roots of the size of the little finger, and somewhat 
resembling the parsnep in flavor. It was once much culti- 
vated and esteemed in England. 

SKIR'RHUS. See Scirrhus. 

SKIRT (skurt), n. [Sw. skiorta ; Dan. skiort.] 1. The lower 
and loose part of a coat or other garment ; the part below 
the waist. 2. The edge of any part of dress. 3. Border ; 
edge ; margin ; extreme part. 4. A woman's garment 
like a petticoat. 5. The diaphragm or midriff in animals. 

SKIRT (skurt), v. t. To border; to form the border or 
edge ; or to run along the edge. 

SKiRT, v. i. To be on the border; to live near the ex- 
tremity. 

SKiRT'ED, pp. Bordered. 

SKIRTING, ppr. Bordering ; forming a border. 

SKiRT'ING, \n. The narrow vertical board placed 

SKtRT'ING-BoARD, 5 round the margin of a floor.— 
Gicilt. 

\ SKIT, n. A wanton girl ; a reflection ; a jibe ; a whim. 

SKIT, v. t. [Sax. scitan.) To cast reflections. — Grose. 
[Local] 

SKITTISH, a. [qu. Fr. ecouteux.] 1. Shy; easily fright- 
ened ; shunning familiarity ; timorous. 2. Wanton ; vol- 
atile ; hasty. 3. Changeable ; fickle. — Shak. 

SKITTISH-LY, adv. Shyly ; wantonly ; changeably. 

SKITTISH-NESS, n. 1. Shyness ; aptness to fear ap- 
proach; timidity. 2. Fickleness; wantonness. 

SKrFTL.ES (gkitftiz^ ra- Nine-pins.— JVarton. 

SKl'VERS, n. pi. [Ger. schiefern.] Sheep-skins split or di- 
vided for the purpose of book-binding. 

SKOL'E-ZlTE, )n. [Gr. cko)^. Scolecite is, etymologically, 

S€OL'E-ClTE, 3 the more proper spelling.] One division 
of the old species mesotype, occurring in radiated crystal- 
lizations, white or transparent, and consisting of silica, 
alumina, lime, and water. — Dana. 

SKONCE. See Sconce. 

SKOR'O-DlTE, ) n. [Gr. cKopoSov. Scorodite is, etymolog- 

SCOR'O-DlTE, S ically, the more proper spelling.] A na- 
tive compound of arsenic acid and oxyd of iron, having a 
leek-green or brownish color. — Dana. 

SKOR'ZITE, n. A variety of epidote. See Scorza. 

SKREEN. See Screen. 

SKRIN6E. A vulgar corruption of cringe. 

6KuE. See Skew. 

SKUG, v. t. To hide.— Halliwell. [Local] 

SKULK, v. i. To lurk ; to withdraw into a corner or into 
a close place for concealment. 



SKULKED (skulkt), pp. Lurked; concealed. 

SKULK'ER, n. One who sneaks into concealment, or lies 
hid. 

SKULKING, ppr. or a. Lurking ; withdrawing into a close 
place for concealment. 

SKULK'ING-LY, adv. In a skulking manner. 

SKULL, n. [Sw. skalle, skal; Dan. skal; D. scheel] 1. The 
bone that forms the exterior of the head, and incloses the 
brain. 2. A person. 3. A shoal or school of fish ; [obs.] 

SKULL'-CAP, n. 1. A head-piece. 2. An herb, of the ge- 
nus Scutellaria, the calyx of whose flower, when inverted, 
appears like a helmet with the vizor raised. — Loudon. 

SKUNK, u. A carnivorous quadruped of North and South 
America, mephitis Americana, neai'ly allied both to the 
weasel and the otter. Two glands near the inferior ex 
tremity of the alimentary canal secrete an extremely fetid 
liquor, which the animal has the power of emitting aJ 
pleasure, as a means of defense. 

SKUNK'-CAB'BAgE, In. An American herb, with large 

SKUNK'-WEED, > leaves, growing in low, wet ground 
so called from its odor. 

SKUR'RY, n. Haste ; impetuosity. — Brockett. 

SKuTE, n. A boat. See Scow. 

SKY, n. [Sw. sky ; Dan. skye.] 1. The aerial region which 
surrounds the earth ; the apparent arch or vault of heaven 
2. The heavens. 3. The weather ; the climate. 4. d 
cloud ; a shadow ; [obs.] 

SKY'-BLuE, a. Of the blue color of the sky. 

SKy'-BORN, a. Born or produced in the sky. — Collins. 

SKY'-BUILT (-bilt), a. Built in the sky .— Wordsworth. 

SKY'-€6L'6R (-kul'lur), n. The color of the sky ; a parttc 
ular species of blue color ; azure. — Boyle. 

SKY-G6L-6R.ED, a. Like the sky in color ; blue ; azure. 

SKy'-DyJSD (-dide), a. Colored like the sky.— Pope. 

SKY'-HlGH (-hi), adv. High as the sky ; very high. 

SKy'-LaRK, n. A species of lark that mounts and sings as 
it flies. It is common in Europe and in some parts of 
A_sia. 

SKy'-LaRK-ING, n. Among seamen, running about the rig- 
ging of a vessel in sport ; frolicking. — Totten. 

SKy'-LiGHT (-lite), n. A window placed in the roof of a 
building or ceiling of a room, for the admission of light 

SKy'-POINT-ING, a. Pointing to the sky. 

SKY'-ROCK-ET, n. A rocket that ascends high and burns 
as it flies ; a species of fire-works. — Addison. 

SKY'-ROOF£D (-rooft), a. Having the sky for a roof. 
Wordsworth. 

SKy'-SaIL, n. The sail set next above a royal. — Totten. 

SKy'-SCRaP-ER, n. A sky-sail of a triangular form.— Totten 

SKY.ED (sklde), a. Surrounded by sky.— Thomson. [Pa 
etic] 

SKY'EY (ski'e), a. Like the sky ; ethereal.— Shak. 

SKy'ISH, a. Like the sky, or approaching the sky 

SKY' WARD, a. Toward the sky. 

t SLAB, a. Thick ; viscous. — Shak. 

SLAB, n. [W. llab, yslab.] 1. A thin piece of marble or 
other stone, having right angles and plane surfaces. — GwilL 
2. An outside piece taken from a log or timber in sawing 
it into boards, planks, &c. 3. A puddle. — Evelyn; [set 
Scop.] — Slab of tin, an ingot or mass into which melted 
ttn is cast 

SLAB'-LlNE, n. A line or small rope by which seamen 
haul up the foot of the main-sail or fore-sail. — Totten. 

* SLAB'BER, v. i. [D. slabben; Ger. schlabben, schlabern.) 
To let the saliva or other liquid fall from the mouth care 
lessly ; to drivel. * [It is also written slaver and slobber 
and often pronounced slob'ber.] 

* SLAB'BER, v.t. 3 . To sup up hastily, as liquid food. ~ 
To wet and foul by liquids suffered to fall carelessly froiu 
the mouth. 3. To shed ; to spill. 

* SLAB'BER-ER, n. One who slabbers ; an idiot. 

* SLAB'BER-ING, ppr. Driveling. 
SLAB'BI-NESS, n. The state of being thick or slabby. 
SLAB'BY, a. 1. Thick ; viscous ; [little used.] 2. Wet. 
SLACK, a. [Sax. slac ; Sw. slak.] 1. Not tense ; not hard 

drawn ; not firmly extended, as a rope. 2. Not holding 
fast; as, a slack hand. — Milton. 3. Not using due dili- 
gence ; not earnest or eager, as in zeal or devotion. 4. 
Not violent; not rapid; as, a slack pace. Dry den. — Syn 
Loose ; relaxed ; weak ; remiss ; backward ; abated ; di 
minished; inactive; slow; tardy. 
SLACK, adv. Partially ; insufficiently ; not intensely. 
SLACK, n. The part of a rope that hangs loose, having no 

strain upon it. — Totten. 

SLACK, \v. i. [Sax. slacian; D. slaaken.] 1. To be 

SLACKEN, 5 come less tense, firm, or rigid ; to decrease 

in tension. 2. To be remiss or backward ; to neglect— 

Deut., xxiii. 3. To lose cohesion or the quality of adhe. 

sion. 4. To abate ; to become less violent. 5. To lose 

rapidity ; to become ir we slow. 6. To languish ; to fail ; 

to flag. 

SLACK, \ v. t. 1. To lessen tension ; to make less tense 

SLACKEN, S or tight. 2. To relax ; to remit. 3. To 



See Synopsis. A, E, % &c, long.— a. E. t &c., short— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SLA 



931 



SLA 



mitigate ; to diminish in severity. 4. To become more 
slow ; to lessen rapidity. 5. To abate ; to lower. 6. To 
relieve ; to unbend ; to remit. 7. To withhold ; to use 
less liberally. 8. To deprive of cohesion ; as, to slack 
lime. 9. To repress ; to check. 10. To neglect. 11. To 
repress, or make less quick or active. 

SLA€K, n. Small coal under the size of an egg. [Eng.] 

SLACK, n. A valley, or small, shallow dell. — Grose. [Lo- 
cal] 

SLACK'-WA'TER n. The interval between the ebb and 
flow of the tide. — Totten. 

SLACK'UD (slakt), pp. or a. Relaxed ; deprived of cohe- 
sion ; as. slacked lime. — Slaked is more correct. 

SLACK'EN, n. Among miners, a spongy, semi-vitrified sub- 
stance, which they mix with the ores of metals, to prevent 
their fusion. See Slakin. 

SLACKEN .ED, pp. or a. Relaxed or remitted. 

SLACK'EN-ING, ppr. Relaxing or remitting. 

SLACKING, ppr. Relaxing; depriving of cohesion ; as, 
slacking lime. — Slaking is more correct. 

SLA€K'LY, adv. 1. Not tightly ; loosely. 2. Negligently ; 
remissly. 

SLACKNESS, n. 1. Looseness ; the state opposite to ten- 
sion; not tightness or rigidness. 2. Remissness; negli- 
gence ; inattention. 3. Slowness ; tardiness ; want of 
tendency. 4. Weakness ; not intenseness. 

SLaDE, n. [Sax. sited.] A little dell or valley ; also, a flat 
piece of low, moist ground. — Drayton. [Local.] 

SLAG, n. [Dan. slagg.] 1. The dross or recrement of a 
metal ; also, vitrified cinders.— Boyle. 2. The scoria of a 
volcano. 

SL AG'GY, a. Pertaining to slag ; resembling slag. 

SLUE (sla). n. [Sax. sla.] A weaver's reed. 

SLaIN, pp. of slay ; so written for slayen. Killed. 

SLIKE, v. t. [Sw. slacka ; Ice. slacka.] To quench ; to ex- 
tinguish ; as, to slake thirst. — Spenser. 

SLaKE, v. i. 1. To go out ; to become extinct — Brown. 
2. To grow less tense ; [a mistake for slack.] 

SLaKE, v. t. To mix with water, so that a true chemical 
combination shall take place ; as, to slake lime. 

SLaK-ED (slakt), pp. or a. Quenched ; mixed with water 
so that a combination takes place. 

SLaK'ING, ppr. 1. Extinguishing, as thirst. 2. Mixing 
with water, so as to produce combination, as with lime. 

SLAKIN, n. Among smelters, a spongy, semi-vitrified sub- 
stance, which they mix with metallic ores, to prevent 
their fusion. It is the scoria or scum from a former fu- 
sion of metals. — Hebert. 

BLAM, v. t. [Ice. lema; Old Eng. lam; Sax. hlemman.] 1. 
T'i strike with force and noise ; to shut with violence. 

2. To beat ; to cuff. — Grose ; [local] 3. To etrike down ; 
to slaughter ; [local] 4. To win all the tricks in a hand ; 
as we say, to take all at a stroke or dash. 

SLAM, n. 1. A violent driving and dashing against ; a vio- 
lent shutting of a door. 2. Defeat at cards, or the winning 
of all the tricks. 3. The refuse of alum-works. — Hebert. 

SLAM'KIN, I n. [Ger. schlampe.] A slut ; a slatternly 

SLAMTVIER-KIN, j woman. [Not used, or local] 

SLAM'MING, ppr. Striking or shutting with violence. 

SLAN'DER n. [Norm, esclaunder ; Fr. esclandre.] 1. A 
false tale or report maliciously uttered, and tending to in- 
jure the reputation of another ; defamation. 2. Disgrace ; 
reproach ; disreputation ; ill name. 

SLAN'DER, v. t. To injure by maliciously uttering a false 
report respecting one. — Syn. To defame ; asperse ; calum- 
niate ; vilify ; scandalize ; reproach. 

SLAN'DER£D, pp. Defamed; injured in good name by 
false and malicious reports. 

SLAN'DER-ER, n. A defamer ; one who injures another 
by maliciously reporting something to his prejudice. 

SLANDER-ING, ppr. Defaming. 

SLAN'DER-OUS, a. 1. That utters defamatory words or 
tales. 2. Containing slander or defamation ; calumnious. 

3. Scandalous ; reproachful. 
gLAN'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With slander ; calumniously ; 

with false and malicious reproach. 

SLAN'DER-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
slanderous or defamatory. 

8LANG, oldpret. of sling. We now use slung. 

SLANG, n. Low, vulgar, unmeaning language. [Low.] 

SLANG-WHANG-ER, n. A noisy demagogue; a turbu- 
lent partisan. — Irving. [A cant word, of recent origin 
in America, used colloquially or in works of humor.] 

SLANK. n. A plant ; an alga. — Ainsworth. 

SLANT, a. [Sw. slinta, slant.] Sloping ; oblique ; inclined 
from a direct line, whether horizontal or perpendicular. 

SLaNT, v. t. To turn from a direct line ; to give an oblique 
or sloping direction to. — Fuller. 

SLaNT, \n. 1. An oblique reflection or gibe; a sar- 

SLANTING, | castic remark ; [vulgar.] 2. Slant, a cop- 
per coin of Sweden. — Slant of wind, among seamen, a 
transitory breeze of wind, or the period of its duration. — 
Totten. 



SLXNT'ING, ppr. or a. Giving or having an oblique direc 
tion ; inclining from a right fine ; slant. 

SLaNTTNG-LY, adv. With a slope or inclination ; also. 
with an oblique hint or remark. 

SLXNT'LY, \adv. Obliquely; in an inclined direction. 

SLANTWISE, 5 —Tusser. 

SLAP, n. [Ger. schlappe ; W. yslapiaw.] A blow given with 
the open hand, or with something broad. 

SLAP, v. t. To strike with the open hand, cr with some- 
thing broad. 

SLAP, adv. With a sudden and violent blow. — Arbuthnot. 

SLAPDASH, adv. [slap and dash.] All at once. [Low.] 

SLIPE, a. Slippery ; smooth. — Grose. [Local] 

SLAP'JACK, n. A sort of pan-cake. 

SLAP'PER, > ,. . .__ , - , 

SLAPPING, J a - Vei T large. [Vulgar.] 

SLASH, 72. 1. A long cut ; a cut made at random. — Claren- 
don. 2. A large slit in the thighs and arms of the old cos- 
tumes, made to show a brilliant color through the open- 
ings. 

SLASH, v. t. [Ice. slasa.] 1. To cut by striking violently 
and at random ; to cut in long cuts. 2. To lash. 

SLASH, v. i. To strike violently and at random with a 
sword, hanger, or other ciged instrument ; to lay about 
one with blows. 

SLASHED (slasht), pp. Cut at random; cut in long strips 
or slits. 

SLASHING, ppr. or a. Striking violently and cutting at 
random. 

SLAT, n. A narrow piece of board or timber, used to fas- 
ten together larger pieces. 

SLATCH, n. 1. In seamen's language, the period of a trans 
itory breeze. — Mar. Diet. 2. An interval of fair weather. 
3. Slack ; [see Slack.] 

SLITE, n. [Fr. eclater ; Sw. slita.] 1. An argillaceous stone, 
which readily splits into plates ; argillite ; argillaceous 
schist. The name is also given to other stones or rocks 
having a similar structure. 2. A piece of smooth argilla- 
ceous stone, used for covering buildings. 3. A piece of 
smooth stone, of the above species, used for writing on. 

SLaTE, v. t. To cover with slate or plates of stone. 

SL aTE, ) v. t. To set a dog loose at any thing.— Ray. \Lo 

SLeTE, 5 cal] 

SL aTE'-AX, n. A mattock with an ax-end ; used in slating 

SLaT'ED, pp. or a. Covered with slate. 

SLaT'EPl, n. One who lays slates, or whose occupation is 
to slate buildings. 

SLITING, n. 1. The act of covering with slates. 2. Th* 
cover thus put on. 

SLaTTNG, ppr. Covering with slates. 

SLATTER, v. i. [Ger. schlottern.] 1. To be careless of 
dress, and dirty. 2. To be careless, negligent, or awk- 
ward ; to spill carelessly. 

SLATTERN, n. A woman who is negligent of her dress ; 
one who is not neat and nice. 

SLATTERN, v. t. To slattern away, to consume carelessls 
or wastefully ; to waste. [ Unusual] 

SLATTERN-LI-NESS, n. State of being slatternly. 

SLAT'TERN-LY, adv. Negligently ; awkwardly. 

SLaT'Y, a. Resembling slate ; having the nature or prop 
erties of slate ; composed of thin parallel plates, capable of 
being separated by splitting ; as, a slaty color or texture. 

SLAUGHTER (slaw'ter), n. [Sax. slcege; D. slagting ; Ger. 
schlachten.] 1. In a general sense, a killing. Applied to 
men, slaughter usually denotes great destruction of life by 
violent means. — 2. Applied to beasts, a killing of oxen or 
other beasts for market. — Syn. Carnage ; massacre ; 
butchery; murder; havoc. 

SLAUGHTER (slaw'ter), v. t. 1. To kill ; to slay ; to make 
great destruction of life. 2. To butcher ; to kill for the 
market, as beasts. 

SLAUGHTERED (slaw'terd), pp. or a. Slain; butchered. 

SLAUGHTER-ER, n. One employed in slaughtering. 

SLAUGHTER-HOUSE (slaw'ter-howse), n. A house where 
beasts are butchered for the market. 

SLAUGH'TER-MAN (slaw'ter-man), n. One employed in 
killing.— Shak. 

SLAUGHTER-ING (slaw'ter-ing), ppr. Killing ; destroying 
human life ; butchering. 

SLAUGHTER-OUS, a. Destructive ; murderous. 

SLAUGHTER-OUS-LY, adv. Destructively ; murderously. 

SL3.VE, n. [D. slaaf; Ger. sclave; Dan. slave, sclave ; Sw 
slaf; Fr. esclave; Sp. esclavo.] 1. A person who is wholly 
subject to the will of another. 2. One who has lost the 
power of resistance ; or one who surrenders himself to 
any power whatever. 3. A mean person ; one in fb.6 
lowest state of life. 4. One who drudges or labors like 
slave. — Syn. Bond-servant; bondman; bond-slave; cap- 
tive; vassal; dependant; drudge. 

SLaVE, v. i. To drudge ; to toil ; to labor as a slave. 

SLIVE'-BORN, a. Born in slavery. 

SLaVE'-LIKE, a. Like or becoming a slave. 

SLaVE'-TRaDE, n. The barbarous and wicked busir.es 



D6VE ;— BULI„ UNITE ;— AN"C ER, VfCIOUS.— € aa K ; <S as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; SH M in this, t Obsolete 



SLE 



932 



SLE 



ol purchasing men and women, transporting them to a 
distant country, and selling them for slaves. 
3LaVE'H5LD-ER, n. One who holds slaves. 
SLaVE'HoLD-ING, a. Holding persons in slavery. 
SLAVER, n. [the same as slabber.] Saliva driveling from 

the mouth. — Pope. 
SLAVER, v. i. 1. To suffer the spittle to issue from the 

mouth. 2. To be besmeared with saliva. — Skak. 
SLAVER, v. t. To smear with saliva issuing from the 

mouth ; to defile with drivel. 
SLIVER, n. A slave-ship, or a ship employed in the slave- 
trade. 
SLAVERED, pp. Defiled with drivel. 
SLAVER-ER, n. A driveler; an idiot. 
SLAVER-ING, ppr. Letting fall saliva. 
SLaVER-Y, n. 1. Bondage ; the state of entire subjection 
of one person to the will of another. 2. The offices of a 
slave ; drudgery. — Syn. Bondage ; servitude ; inthrall- 
ment; enslavement; captivity; bond-service; vassalage. 
SLAVISH, a. 1. Pertaining to slaves ; servile ; mean ; 
base ; such as becomes a slave. 2. Servile ; laborious ; 
consisting in drudgery. 
SLIVISH-LY, adv. 1. Servilely; meanly; basely. 2. In 

the manner of a slave or drudge. 
SLIVISH-NESS, n. The state or quality of being slavish ; 

servility ; meanness. 
SLA-VONTG, a. Pertaining to the Slavons or ancient in- 
habitants of Russia. 
SLA-VON'IC, n. The Slavonic language. 
SLAW, n. [D. slaa.] Cole-slaw is sliced cabbage, with or 

without vinegar. 
SLaY, v. t. ; pret. slew ; pp. slain. [Sax. slcegan, slagan ; 
Goth, slahan ; Ger. schlagen ; D. slaaen.] 1. To put to 
death by a weapon or by violence. 2. To destroy. Job, 
xiii, 15. — Syn. To kill ; murder ; assassinate ; slaughter ; 
butcher. 
SLaY'ER, n. One who slays ; a killer ; a murderer ; an as- 
sassin ; a destroyer of life. 
SL1YTNG, ppr. Killing ; destroying life. 
SLeAVE, n. [Ice. slefa.] The knotted or entangled part of 

silk or thread ; silk or thread untwisted. 
SLeAVE, v. t. To separate threads ; or to divide a collec- 
tion of threads ; to sley. [A word used by weavers.] 
SLe AVED, a. Raw ; not spun or wrought.— Holinshed. 
SLeAVING, ppr. Separating threads. 
SLeAZ'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of being sleazy. 
SLEAZY, ? a. Thin ; flimsy ; wanting firmness of texture 
8LEEZY, 5 or substance. [In the East of England, writ- 
ten and pronounced slaty. — Forby.] 
SLED, n. [D. slecde ; Sw. sla.de ; Dan. slade.] A carriage 
or vehicle moved on runners, much used in America for 
conveying heavy weights in winter. — Halliwell. [North 
of England.] 
SLED, v. t. To convey or transport on a sled. 
SLED'DED, pp. 1. Conveyed on a sled. 2. Mounted on a 

sled. 
SLED'DING, ppr. Conveying on a sled. 
SLED'DING, n. 1. The act of transporting on a sled. 2. 
The means of conveying on sleds ; snow sufficient for the 
running of sleds. 
SLEDGE (slej), n. [Sax. slecge, siege ; D. sley ; Dan. slegge ; 
Sw. slagga.] 1. A large, heavy hammer, used chiefly by 
iron-smiths ; called, also, a sledge-hammer. — 2. In England, 
a sled ; a vehicle moved on runners or on low wheels. 
SLEEK, a. [D. lekken.] 1. Smooth ; having an even, smooth 
surface ; whence, glossy. 2. Not rough or harsh. — Mil- 
ton. 
SLEEK, n. That which makes smooth ; varnish. [Rare.] 
SLEEK, v. t. 1. To make even and smooth. — Ben Jonson. 

2. To render smooth, soft, and glossy. — Shalt. 
SLEEK, adv. With ease and dexterity ; with exactness. 

[ Vulgar.] 
SLEEK'-SToNE, n. A smoothing stone. — Peacham. 
SLEEKLY, adv. Smoothly ; nicely. 
SLEEKNESS, n. Smoothness of surface. — Feltham. 
t SLEEKY, a. Of a sleek or smooth appearance. 
SLEEP, v. i. ; pret. and pp. slept. [Sax. slepan, slcepan ; 
Goth, slepan.] 1. To take rest by a suspension of the vol- 
untary exercise of the powers of the body and, mind. 2. 
To have rest ; to be unemployed ; to be inactive or mo- 
tionless. 3. To lie or be still ; not to be noticed or agita- 
ted, as a subject or question. 4. To live thoughtlessly. 
5. To be dead ; to rest in the grave for a time. — 1 Thess., 
iv. 6. To be careless, inattentive, or unconcerned ; not to 
be vigilant. Shak. — Syn. To slumber ; nap ; doze ; drowse ; 
rest; repose. 
8LEEP, n. 1. A natural and healthy, but temporary and 
periodical suspension of the functions of the intellectual 
powers. 2. That state of an animal in which the volun- 
tary exertion of his mental and corporeal powers is sus- 
pended, and he rests unconscious of what passes around 
Mm. Sleep may be complete or incomplete. — Sleep of 
^plants, a condition of plants, usually at night, when the 



leaflets approach each other and conceal the flower*, as 
if in repose. — Syn. Slumber ; rest ; repose. 

SLEEP'-CHaRGjED, a. Heavy with sleep.— Lamb. 

SLEEP'-WaK-ER, n. One under the influence of magnetic 
sleep. 

SLEEP'-WaK-ING, n. The state of one mesmerized, who 
is asleep and awake at the same time. 

SLEEP'-WALK-ER (-wawk-), n. A somnambulist; one 
who walks in his sleep. 

SLEEP'- WALK-ING (-wawk-), n. Somnambulism ; walk- 
ing in one's sleep. 

SLEEP'ER, n. 1. A person who sleeps ; also, a drone or 
lazy person. 2. That which lies dormant, as a law not 
executed ; [obs.] 3. An animal that lies dormant in win- 
ter, as the bear, marmot, &c. 4. The name of any piece 
of timber laid horizontally on the ground, or on brick- 
work, &c, near the ground, to support a superincumbent 
weight, or to steady any rails or frame-work. The sleep- 
ers on rail-ways are sometimes blocks of stone. — Francis 
— Hebert. 5. A rafter lying in the valley of a roof. — Gwilt ; 
[obs.] 6. A term applied to the knees which connect the 
transoms to the after-timbers on the ship's quarter. Tot- 
ten.— 7. In the glass trade, a large iron bar crossing the 
smaller ones, hindering the passage of coals, but leaving 
room for the ashes. 8. A platform. 9. A fish ; [exocatus. \ 

SLEEP'FUL, a. Strongly inclined to sleep. [Little used.] 

SLEEP'FUL-NESS, n. Strong inclination to sleep. [RareJi 

SLEEP'I-LY, adv. 1. Drowsily; with desire to sleep. 2. 
Dully ; in a lazy manner ; heavily.— Raleigh. 3. Stupidly. 

SLEEP'I-NESS, n. Drowsiness ; inclination to sleep. 

SLEEPING, ppr. or a. 1. Resting ; reposing in sleep. 2, a. 
Occupied with sleep ; as, sleeping hours. Sleeping part- 
ner ; [see Dormant.] 

SLEEPING, n. 1. The state of resting in sleep. 2. Th* 
state of being at rest, or not stirred or agitated. 

SLEEP'LESS, a. 1. Having no sleep ; without sleep ; wab* 
ful. 2. Having no rest ; perpetually agitated. — Byron. 

SLEEP'LESS-LY, adv. In a sleepless manner. 

SLEEP'LESS-NESS, n. Want or destitution of sleep. 

SLEEPY, a. 1. Drowsy; inclined to sleep. 2. Not awak*- 

3. Tending to induce sleep ; soporiferous ; somniferous 

4. Dull ; lazy ; heavy ; sluggish. 
SLEEPY-LOOK-ING, a. Appearing to be sleepy. 
SLEET, n. [Dan. slud ; Ice. sletta.] 1. A fall of hail oi 

snow mingled with rain, usually in fine particles. — 2. Ii 
gunnery, the part of a mortar passing from the chambei 
to the trunnions, for strengthening that part. 

SLEET, v. i. To snow or hail with a mixture of rain. 

SLEET'I-NESS, n. A state of weather in which rain faHl 
mixed with snow. 

SLEETY, a. 1. Bringing sleet. 2. Consisting of sleet. 

SLEEVE, n. [Sax. slef slyf] 1. The part of a garment that 
is fitted to cover the arm. 2. The " raveled sleeve of care/' 
in Shakspeare; [see Sleave.] — To laugh in the sleeve, to 
laugh privately or unperceived, as if in the wide sleeves 
of former times. — To hang on the sleeve, to be or make de- 
pendent on others. 

SLEEVE, v. t. To furnish with sleeves ; to put in sleeves. 

SLEEVE'-BUT-TON, n. A button to fasten the sleeve or 
wristband. 

SLEEVED, pp. or a. Furnished with sleeves ; having 
sleeves. 

SLEEVE'LESS, a. 1. Having no sleeves. 2. Wanting a 
cover, pretext, or palliation ; unreasonable ; [little used.] 

SLEEVING, ppr. Furnishing with sleeves. 

SLEID (slade), v. t. To sley or prepare for use in the 
weaver's sley or slaie. 

SLEID'ED, pp. Prepared for use in the weaver's sley. 

SLEID'ING, ppr. Preparing for use in the weaver's sley. 

SLEIGH (sla), n. [probably allied to sleek.] A vehicle 
moved on runners, and greatly used in America for trans- 
porting persons or goods on snow or ice. [This word tbe 
English write and pronounce sledge, and apply it to what 
is called in America a sled.] 

SLEIGHING (sla'ing), n. 1. That state of the snow or ice 
in winter which admits of running sleighs. 2. The act of 
riding in a sleigh. [America.] 

SLEIGHT (slite), n. [Ger. schlich; Ir. slightheach.] 1. An 
artful trick ; sly artifice ; a trick or feat so dextrously 
performed that the manner of performance escapes obser 
vation. 2. Dextrous practice ; dexterity. 

SLEIGHTY? L ' } ( slIte '->- a - Artful ; c™^ 1 ? dextrous. 

SLENT)ER, 'a. [Old D. slinder.] 1. Thin ; slim ; small in 
circumference compared with the length; not thick. 2 
Small in the waist ; not thick or gross. 3. Not strong 
small ; slight. 4. Weak ; feeble ; as, a slender probability 
slender health. 5. Small ; inconsiderable ; as, slenda 
parts or abilities. 6. Small ; inadequate ; as, a slenda 
pittance. 7. Not amply supplied; as, a slender ■ table.- 
Phillips. 8. Spare ; abstemious, as aliment.— Arbuthnot. 

SLENTJER-LY, adv. 1. Without bulk. 2. Slightly ; mean 
ly. 3. Insufficiently. ___ 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, 1 , &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



SJL1 



933 



SLI 



SL-ENDER-NESS, n. 1. Thinness: smallness of diameter 
in proportion to the length. 2. Want of bulk or strength. 
3. Weakness ; slightness. 4. Weakness ; feebleness. 5. 
Want of plenty. ~6. Spareness. 

\ SLENT. r. i. To make an oblique remark. See Slant. 

SLEPT, pret. and pp. of sleep. 

SLEW. pret. of slay. 

SLEY (sla), n. [Sax. shz.] A weaver's reed. See Sleaye 
and Sleid. 

SLEY (sla), v. t. To separate ; to part threads and arrange 
them in a reed, as weavers. • 

SLICE, v. t. [G. schleissen.] 1. To cut into thin pieces, or 
to cut off a thin, broad piece. 2. To cut into parts. 3. To 
cut; to divide. 

SLICE, n. 1. A thin, broad piece cut off. 2. A broad piece. 
3. A peel or fire-shovel. — Halliwell. 4. A spatula ; an in- 
strument consisting of a broad plate with a handle, used 
by apothecaries for spreading plasters, &c. — 5. In ship- 
building, a tapering piece of plank, to be driven between 
the timbers before planking. 

SLICED (slist), pp. or a. Cut into broad, thin pieces. 

SLICING, ppr. Cutting into broad, thin pieces. 

SLICH, ) n. The ore of a metal particularly of gold, pound- 

SLICK, 5 ed and prepared for further working. — Hekzrt. 
— Encyc. 

SLICK. The popular pronunciation of sleek, and so written 
by some authors. — Halliwell. 

SLICK'EN-SiDES, n. A name which workmen give to a 
variety of galena in Derbyshire. — Ure. 

SLID, pret. of slide. 

SLID, > , ,., 

SLIDTD-EN, \PP- oisllde - 

t SLIDDER, v. i. [Sax. sliderian, slidrian.] To slide with 
interruption. — Dryden. 

fSLID'DERLY \ a ' Slippery. — Chaucer. See Slide. 
SLIDE, v. i. ; pret. slid; pp. slid, slidden. [Sax. slidan.] 1. 
To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or 
without bounding or rolling; to slip ; to glide. 27 To 
move along the surface without stepping. 3. To pass in- 
advertently. 4. To pass smoothly alongT. without jerks or 
agitation. 5. To pass in silent, unobserved progression. 
6. To pass silently and gradually from one state to anoth- 
er. 7. To pass without difficulty or obstruction. 8. To 
practice sliding or moving on ice. 9. To slip ; to fall. 10. 
To pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course or 
flow. 
SLIDE, v. t. 1. To slip ; to pass or put in imperceptibly. 

2 1 To thrust along ; or to thrust by slipping. 
SLIDE, n. 1. A smooth and easy passage ; also, a slider. 
2. Flow ; even course. 3. The descent of a detached mass 
of earth or rock down a declivity.— Dana. 4. A place on 
the side of a hill or mountain for timber to descend ; as, 
the slide of Alpnach, in Switzerland. — 5. In music, a grace 
consisting of two small notes moving by degrees. 
SLlDER. n. 1. One who slides. 2. The part of an instru- 
ment or machine that slides. 
SLlDTNG, ppr. Moving along the surface by slipping ; glid- 
ing; passing smoothlv, easilv, or imperceptibly. 
SLIDING, n. The act of sliding ; lapse ; falling. 
SLlDTNG-KEEL, n. A narrow frame or platform let down 
through the bottom of a small vessel like a deepening of 
the keel. It serves, like a lee-board, to sustain the vessel 
against the lateral force of the wind. — Brande. 
SLlD'ING-RuLE, n. A mathematical instrument for the 
mechanical performance of addition and subtraction, and, 
by means of logarithmic scales, of multiplication and di- 
vision. The operations are performed by sliding one of 
the parts along another. — P. Oyc. 
SLiD'ING-SCaLE, n. In the English Corn Laws, a scale 
for raising or lowering the duties in proportion to the fall 
or rise of prices. 
SLIGHT (slite), a. [D. slegt ; G. schlecht.] 1. Weak; incon- 
siderable ; not forcible, as an effort or exertion. 2. Not 
strong or firm ; not calculated to endure ; as, a slight struc- 
ture. 3. Not deep, as an impression. 4. Not violent as a 
fever. 5. Trilling; of no great importance. — Pope. 6. Not 
strong ; not cogent ; as, slight grounds. 7. Cursory ; su- 
perficial ; not thorough ; as, slight examination. 8. Neg- 
ligent ; not vehement ; not done with effort ; as, a slight 
refusal. — Bacon. 9. Foolish; silly; weak in intellect. — 
Hudibras. 
3LTGHT (slite), n. 1. A moderate degree of contempt man- 
ifested negatively by neglect. 2. Artifice ; dexterity. See 
Sleight.— Syx. Neglect ; disregard ; inattention ; con- 
tempt ; disdain ; scorn. 
SLIGHT (sb'te). v. t. 1. To neglect; to disregard from the 
consideration that a thing is of little value and unworthy 
of notice. 2. To overthrow ; to demolish ; [obs.] — To slight 
over, to run over in haste. 
SLIGHTED (slifed), pp. or a. Neglected. 
\ SLlGHT£N, v. t. To slight or disregard.— Spenser. 
SLIGHTER (slite'-), n. One who neglects. 



SLiGHTTNG, ppr. Neglecting ; disregarding. 

SLlGHTTNG-LY (slite'-), adv. With neglect ; without re- 
spect. — Boyle. 

SLIGHTLY (slite'-), adv. 1. Weakly; superficially; with 
inconsiderable force or effect ; in a small degree. 2. Neg- 
ligently ; without regard ; with moderate contempt. 

SLIGHTNESS (slite'-), n. 1. Weakness ; want of force or 
strength ; superficialness. 2. Negligence ; want of atten 
tion : want of vehemence. 

SLlGHTY (slite), a. 1. Superficial ; slight 2. Trifling ; 
inc onsider able . — Echard. 

SLl/LY, adv. [from sly.] With artful or dextrous secrecy. 

SLUM, a. [Ice.] 1. Slender ; of small diameter or thickness 
in proportion to the height. — Grose. 2. Weak ; slight : 
unsubstantial. 3. Worthless. — Barrow. 

SLlME, 72. [Sax. slim ; Sw. slem ; D. slym ; L. limvs.] Soft 
moist earth having an adhesive quality ; viscous mud. 

SLlME'-PIT, 72. A pit of slime or adhesive mire. 

SLlMl-NESS, n. The quality of slime ; viscssity— Floy a . 

SLIMNESS, 72. State or quality of being slim. 

SLIMY, a. 1. Abounding with slime ; consisting of slime 
2 L Overspread with slime. 3. Viscous ; glutinous. 

SLl'NESS, 72. [from sly.] Dextrous artifice to conceal any 
thing; artful secrecy.— Addison. 

SLING, 7i. [D. slinger.] 1. An instrument for throwing 
stones, consisting of a strap and two strings. 2. A throw ; 
a stroke. 3. A kind of hanging bandage put round the 
neck, in which a wounded limb is sustained. 4. A rope 
by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out 
of a ship. 

SLING, 72. [G. schlingen.] A drink composed of equal 
parts of rum or spirit and water sweetened. 

SLING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. slung. [Sax. slingan ; D. slin- 
geren.] 1. To throw with a sling. 2. To throw ; to hurl. 

3. To hang so as to swing. 4. To move or swing by a 
rope which suspends the thing. 

SLINGER, 72. One who slings or uses the sling. 
SLINGING, ppr. Throwing with a sling; hanging so as to 

swing ; moving by a sling. 
SLINK, v. i. ; pret. and pp. slunk. [Sax. slincan ; G. schlei 

chen.] 1. To sneak ; to creep away meanly ; to steal 

away. 2. To miscarry, as a beast 
SLINK, v. t. To cast prematurely ; to abort or miscarry 

of, as the female of a beast 
SLINK, a. Produced prematurely, as the young of a beast 
SLIP, v. i. [Sax. slepan ; D. sleppen ; Sw. slippa.] 1. To slide ; 

to glide; to move along the surface of a thing without 

bounding, rolling, or stepping. 2. To slide : not to tread 

firmly. 3. To move or fly out of place : usually with out. 

4. To sneak ; to slink ; to depart or withdraw secretly. 5. 
To err ; to fall into error or fault. 6. To glide : to pass 
unexpectedly or imperceptibly. 7. To enter by oversight. 
8. To escape insensibly : to be lost. 

SLIP, v. t. 1. To convey secretly. 2. To omit ; to lose by 
negligence. 3. To part twigs from the branches or stem 
of "a tree. 4. To escape from; to leave slily. 5. To let 
loose. 6. To throw off; to disengage one's self from. 7. 
To pass over or omit negligenflyr 8. To tear off. 9. To 
suffer abortion ; to miscarry. — To slip a cable, to veer out 
and let go the end. — To slip on, to put on in haste or 
loosely. 

SLIP, 7i. 1. A sliding; act of slipping. 2. An unintentional 
error or fault. — Dryden. 3. A twig separated from the 
main stock. 4. A leash or string by which a dog is held ; 
so called from its being so madeas to slip or become loose 
by relaxation of the hand. 5. An escape ; a secret or un- 
expected desertion. 6. A long, narrow piece, as of paper. 
Hence, 7. Among printers, a portion of the columns of a 
newspaper struck off by itself. 8. A counterfeit piece of 
money, being brass covered with silver; [obs.] 9. Matter 
found" in troughs of grindstones after the grinding of edge- 
tools ; [local] 10. A particular quantity of yarn ; [local.] 

11. An opening between wharves or in a dock ; [N. York.] 

12. A place having a gradual descent on the bank of a riv- 
er or harbor, convenient for ship-building.— Totten. 13. 
A long seat or narrow pew in churches ; [ United States.]— 
14. In geology, a mass of strata separated vertically or 
aslant. 

SLIP'-BoARD, 72. A board sliding in grooves. 

SLIP-KNOT (-not), 72. A knot which will not bear a strain, 
but slips along the rope or line around which it is made 
Totten. 

SLIPPED (slipt), pret. and pp. of Slip. 

SLIP'PER 72. [Sax.] 1. A kind of light shoe, which may 
be slipped on with ease and worn in undress ; a slip- 
shoe. 2. A kind of apron for children, to be slipped over 
their other clothes to keep them clean. 3. [L. crepis.] A 
plant. 4. A kind of iron slide or lock for the use of a 
heavv wagon. 

t SLIP'PERr<7. [Sax. slipur.] Slippery.— Spenser. 

SLIP'PERED, a. Wearing slippers.— Warton. 

SLIP'PER-I-LY, adv. In a~ slippery manner. 

SLIP'PER-I-NESS, 72. 1. The state or quality of being Elip. 



Do VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN "GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete 



SLO 



934 



SLU 



pory ; lubricity ; smoothness ; glibness. 2. Uncertainty ; 
want of firm footing. 3. Lubricity of character. 

SLIP'PER-Y, a. 1. Smooth ; glib ; having the quality oppo- 
site to adhesiveness. 2. Not affording firm footing or con- 
fidence. 3. Not easily held ; liable or apt to slip away. 4. 
Not standing firm. 5. Unstable ; changeable ; mutable , 
uncertain. 6. Not certain in its effect. 7. Lubricous ; 
wanton ; unchaste. 

f SLIP'PY, a. [Sax. slipeg.] Slippery. 

SLIP'SHOD, a. [slip and shod.] Wearing shoes like slip- 
pers, without pulling up the quarters. — Swift. 

SLIP'SLOP, n. Bad liquor. 

SLIP'STRING, n. [slip and string.] One who has shaken 
off restraint ; a prodigal ; called, also, slipthrift. [Rare.] 

SL1SH, n. A low word, formed by reduplicating slash, as 
slish and slash. — Shak. 

SLIT, v. t. ; pret. slit ; pp. slit or slitted. [Sax. slitan ; Sw. 
slita.] 1. To cut lengthwise ; to cut into long pieces or 
strips. 2. To cut or make a long fissure. 3. To cut, in 
general. 4. To rend ; to split. 

SLIT, n. 1. A long cut ; or a narrow opening. 2. A cleft 
or crack in the breast of cattle. — Encyc. 

SLITH'ER, v. i. To slide.— Halliwell. [Various dialects.] 

SLITTER, n. One who slits. 

SLITTING, ppr. Cutting lengthwise. 

SLITTING-MILL, n. A mill where iron bars are slit into 
nail-rods, &c. 

SLlVE, v. i. To sneak.— Halliwell. [North of England.] 

OLIVER, v. t. [Sax. slifan.] To cut or divide into long, 
thin pieces, or into very small pieces; to cut or rend 
lengthwise. 

SLIVER, n. A long piece cut or rent off, or a piece cut or 
rent lengthwise. 

SLIVER.ED, pp. Divided into long, thin pieces ; cut or rent 
lengthwise. 

SLIV'ER-ING, ppr. Cutting or rending lengthwise into long, 
thin pieces, or very small pieces. 

SLoAM, n. Layers of clay between those of coal. 

SLoAT (slote), n. [D. sluiten; Sw. sluta; G. schliessen.] A 
narrow piece of timber which holds together larger pieces ; 
as, the sloats of a cart. 

SLOB'BER and its derivatives are a different orthography 
of slabber, the original pronunciation of which was, proba- 
bly, slobber. See Slabber and Slaver. 

f SLOCK, to quench, is a different orthography of slake. 

SLoE, n. [Sax. slag, sla ; G. schlehe ; D. slee.] A small, bit- 
ter wild plum, the fruit of the black thorn. — Mortimer. 

SLo'GAN, n. The war-cry or gathering-word of a High- 
land clan in Scotland. — Walter Scott. 

SLOOM, n. Slumber.— Halliwell. [North of England.] 

SLOOM'Y, a. Sluggish ; slow.— Halliwell. [North of Eng.] 

SLOOP, n. [D. sloep, sloepschip ; G. schaluppe ; Dan. sluppe ; 
Fr. chaloupe. It is written, also, shallop.] A vessel with 
one mast, carrying only a jib and inain-sail. — Sloop of war, 
a vessel of war rigged either as a ship, brig, or schooner, 
and mounting between 18 and 32 guns. — Totten. 

SLOP, v. t. To drink greedily and grossly. ,[Little used.] 

SLOP, n. 1. Water carelessly thrown about on a table or 
floor ; a puddle ; a soiled spot. 2. Mean liquor ; mean 
liquid food. 3. pi. Slops, ready-made clothes, bedding, &c. 

SLOP'-SELL-ER, n. One who sells ready-made clothes. 

SLOP-SHOP, n. A shop where ready-made clothes are 
sold. 

SLoPE, a. Inclined or inclining from a horizontal direc- 
tion ; forming an angle with the plane of the horizon. — 
Milton. [Little used.] 

SLoPE, n. 1. An oblique direction ; a line or direction in- 
clining from a horizontal line ; properly, a direction down- 
ward. 2. A declivity ; any ground whose surface forms 
an angle with the plane of the horizon. 

SLoPE, v. t. To form with a slope ; to form to declivity or 
obliquity ; to direct obliquely ; to incline. 

SLoPE, v. i. To take an oblique direction ; to be declivous 
or inclined. 

SLoPE'NESS, n. Declivity; obliquity. —Wotton. [Rare.] 

SLoPEWlSE, adv. Obliquely.— Carew. 

SLoPTNG, ppr. 1. Taking an inclined direction. 2. a. Ob- 
lique ; declivous ; inclining or inclined from a horizontal 
or other right line. 

SLoPTNG-LY, adv. Obliquely; with a slope. 

SLOP'PI-NESS, n. Wetness of the earth ; muddiness. 

SLOP'PY, a. Wet, as the ground ; muddy ; plashy. 

SLOPS, n. pi. [qu. D. sluif] Trowsers ; a loose lower gar- 
ment ; drawers ; hence, ready-make clothes, bedding, &c. 
— Shak. 

SLOSH, n. See Slush. 

SLOSH'Y, a. See Slushy. 

SLOT, v. t. [D. sluiten ; Dan. slutter ■ Sw. sluta.] To shut 
with violence ; to slam, that is, to drive. [Little used.] 

SLOT, n. A broad, flat, wooden bar. 

SLOT, n. The track of a deer.— Drayton. 

* SLOTH or SLoTH, n. [Sax. slawth.] 1. Slowness ; tar- 
diness. 2. Disinclination to action or labor ; sluggishness ; 



laziness ; idleness. 3. A tardigrade edentate quadruped 
of South America. There are two species, the ai and the 
renau, which are called sloths, from the remarkable slow- 
ness of their motions. 

* SLOTH or SLoTH, v. i. To be idle.— Gower. 

* SLOTHFUL or SLOTHFUL, a. Inactive ; sluggish j lazy , 
indolent; idle. 

* SLOTH'FUL-LY or SL5THFUL-LY, adv. Lazily; slug- 
gishly ; idly. 

* SLOTH'FUL-NE^S or SLoTH'FUL-NESS, n. The iadul- 
gence of sloth ; inactivity; the habit of idleness ; laziness. 

SLOTTED, pp. or a. Shut with violence. [Local] 

\ SLOTTER-Y,, a. [G. schlotterig.] 1. Squalid ; dirty , slut 
tish; untrimmed. 2. Foul; wet. 

SLOTTING, ppr. Shutting with violence ; slamnrng. 

SLOUCH, n. 1. A hanging down ; a depression of the head 
or of some other part of the body ; an ungainly, clownish 
gait. 2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow. 

SLOUCH, v. i. To hang down ; to have a downcast, clown- 
ish look, gait, or manner.— Chesterfield. 

SLOUCH, v. t. To depress ; to cause to hang down. 

SLOUCHED (sloucht), pp. or a. Made to hang down ; de- 



* See Synopsli. A, K, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD 



SLOUCHING, ppr. 1. Causing to hang down. 2. a. Hang- 
ing down ; walking heavily and awkwardly. 

SLOUGH (slou), n. [Sax. slog.] 1. A place of deep mud or 
mire ; a hole full of mire. 2. [pron. sluff.] The skin or 
cast skin of a serpent. 3. [pron. sluff.] The partlihat sep- 
arates from a foul sore, or from the living parts in morti 
fication. 

SLOUGH (sluff), v. i. To separate from the sound flesh ; to 
come off, as the matter formed over a sore. — To slough 
off, to separate from the living parts, as the dead part in 
mortification. 

SLOUGH'Y (slou'e), a. Full of sloughs ; miry.— Swift. 

SL5UM. See Sloom. 

SLOVEN, n. [D. slof, sloffen.] A man careless of his dress, 
or negligent of cleanliness ; a man habitually negligent of 
neatness and order. 

SL6VEN-LI-NESS, n. 1. Negligence of dress ; habitual 
want of cleanliness. 2. Neglect of order and neatness. 

SL6VEN-LY, a. 1. Negligent of dress or neatness. 2 
Loose ; disorderly ; not neat. 

SL6VEN-LY, adv. In a careless, inelegant manner. 

t SL6 VEN-RY, n. Negligence of order or neatness. 

SLoW (slo), a. [Sax. slaw ; Dan. sWv.] 1. Moving a small 
distance in a long time ; not swift ; not quick in motion , 
not rapid. 2. Long in taking place ; not happening in a 
short time. 3. Not ready ; not prompt or quick ; as, slov 
of speech. 4. Characterized by dullness, inactivity, or tar 
diness. 5. Not hasty ; not precipitate ; acting with delib 
eration. 6. Wanting quickness ; heavy in wit. 7. Benin J 
in time ; indicating a time later than the true time. 8. No* 
advancing, growing, or improving rapidly. — Syn. Dilato 
ry ; late ; delaying ; lingering ; tardy ; sluggish ; dull ; in 
active. 

SLoW is used in composition to modify other words. 

t SLoW, as a verb, to delay. — Shak. 

t SLoW, n. [Sax. sliw.] A moth. — Chaucer. 

SLoW'-SIGHT-ED (-sifed), a. Slow to discern.— More. 

SL5W-WING.ED, a. Flying slowly. 

SL5W-W6RM, n. [Sax. slaw-wyrm.] A reptile, the blind 
worm, not venomous. — P. Cyc. 

SLoW'BACK, n. A lubber ; an idle fellow ; a loiterer. 

SL5WLY, adv. 1. With moderate motion ; not rapidly , 
not with velocity or celerity. 2. Not soon ; not early ; not 
in a little time ; not with hasty advance. 3. Not hastily ; 
not rashly ; not with precipitation. 4. Not promptly ; not 
readily. 5. Tardily ; with slow progress. 

SLoWNESS, n. 1. Moderate motion ; want of speed or 
velocity. 2. Tardy advance ; moderate progression. 3 
Dullness to admit conviction or affection. 4. Want oi 
readiness or promptness ; dullness of intellect. 5. Delib- 
eration ; coolness ; caution in deciding. 6. Dilatoriness ; 
tardiness. 

SLUB'BER, v. t. To do lazily, imperfectly, or coarsely; to 
daub ; to stain ; to cover carelessly. — Shak. [Little used.] 

SLUB'BER-DE-GULL'ION (-yun), n. A mean, dirty, sorry 
wretch. — Hudibras. 

SLUB'BER-ING-LY, adv. In a slovenly manner. [Vulgai ] 

SLUDGE, n. [Sax. slog.] Mud ; mire ; soft mud. 

SLUDG'Y, a. Miry.— Partington. 

SLuE, v. t. In seamen's language, to turn any thing conical 
or cylindrical, &c, about its axis without removing it from 
its place ; to turn. 

SLuED, pp. Turned about on its axis, without removing it 

SLUG, n. [W. Hag.] 1. A drone ; a slow, heavy, lazy fel 
low. 2. A hinderance ; obstruction. 3. A naked snail oi 
snail without a shell. 4. [qu. Sax. sloca.] A cylindrical oi 
oval piece of metal used for the charge of a gun. 

t SLUG, v. i. To move slowly ; to lie idle.— Spenser. 

t SLUG, v. t. To make sluggish.— Milton, 

t SLUGA-BED, n. One w ho indulges in lying abed.— Shak 

MOVE, BOOkT 



SMA 



935 



SMA 



SLUG'GARD, n. [slug and ard.] A person habitually lazy, 
idle, and inactive ; a drone. — Dryden. 

SLUG'GARD, a. Sluggish ; lazy.— Dryden. 

SLUG'GARD-lZE, v. t. To make lazy.— Shak. [Little used.] 

SLUG'GISII, a. 1. Habitually or naturally given to indo 
lence or laziness. 2. Not quick ; having little motion. 3 
Having no power to move itself. — Syn. Idle ; lazy ; sloth 
ful ; indolent ; dronish ; slow ; dull ; drowsy ; inactive 
inert. 

SLUG'GISH-LY, adv. Lazily; slothfully; drowsily; idly 
slowly. — Milton. 

SLUG'GISH-NESS, n. 1. Natural or habitual indolence or 
laziness ; sloth ; dullness ; [applied to persons.] 2. Inert- 
ness ; want of power to move. 3. Slowness. 

f^SLUG'GY, a. Sluggish.— Chaucer. 

SLUGS, n. Among miners, half-roasted ore. 

SLuICE, n. [D. sluis ; G. schleuse ; Sw. sluss ; Dan. sluse; 
Fr. ecluse.] 1. A frame of timber, stone, &c, with a gate, 
for the purpose of excluding, retaining, or regulating the 
flow of water in a river, &c. — Brande. 2. The stream of 
water issuing through a flood-gate. 3. An opening; a 
source of supply ; that through which any thing flows. 

SLUICE, v. t. To emit by flood-gates. — Milton. [Rare.] 

SLuI'CY, a. Falling in streams, as from a sluice. — Dryden. 

SLu'ING, ppr. Turning on its axis. 

RLUM'BER, v. i. [Sax. slumerian ; D. sluimeren.] 1. To sleep 
lightly ; to doze or drowse. 2. To sleep. 3. To be in a 
state of negligence, sloth, supineness, or inactivity. 

SLUM'BER, v. t. 1. To lay to sleep. 2. To stun ; to stupe- 
fy. — Spenser.— Wotton ; [little used.] 

SLUM'BER, n. 1. Light sleep ; sleep not deep or sound. 

2. Sleep ; repose. — Dryden. 
SLUM'BER^D, pp. Laid to sleep. 
SLUM'BER-ER, n. One who slumbers. 
SLUM'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Dozing ; sleeping. 
SLUM'BER-ING-LY, adv. In a slumbering manner. 
SLUM'BER-OUS, 1 a. 1. Inviting or causing sleep ; soporif- 
SLUM'BER-Y, J" erous. 2. Sleepy; not waking. 
SLUMP, v. i. [G. schlump ; Dan., Sw. slump.] To fall or sink 

suddenly into water or mud when walking on a hard sur- 
face, as on ice or frozen ground, not strong enough to bear 
the person. — Forby. [In common use in New England.] 

SLUNG, pret. and pp. of sling. 

SLUNK, pret. and pp. of slink. 

SLUR, v. t. [D. slordig.] 1. To soil ; to sully ; to contam- 
inate; to disgrace. 2. To pass lightly ; to conceal. — Burke. 

3. To cheat; to trick; [unusual.] — 4. In music, to sing or 
perform in a smooth, gliding style. 

SLUR, n. 1. Properly, a black mark ; hence, slight reproach 
or disgrace. — 2. In music, a mark connecting notes which 
are to be sung to the same syllable, or united as much as 
possible in playing. 

SLURRED (slurd), pp. 1. Contaminated ; soiled. 2. a. 
Marked with a slur, in music ; performed in a smooth, 
gliding style, like notes marked with a slur ; see Slur, n., 
No. 2. 

SLUSH, n. 1. Soft mud ; also, a mixture of snow and wa- 
ter ; snow-broth. — Jamieson. 2. A soft mixture of grease, 
&c, used to ^bricate. 

SLUSHY, a. Consisting of soft mud, or of snow and water, 
or of soft grease. 

SLUT, n. [D. slet, a slut, a rag ; G. schlotterig, negligent, 
slovenly.] 1. A woman who is negligent of cleanliness 
and dress. 2. A name of slight contempt for a woman. 

SLUT'TER-Y, n. The qualities of a slut ; more generally, 
the practice of a slut ; dirtiness. 

SLUTTISH, a. 1. Not neat or cleanly ; dirty ; careless of 
dress and neatness ; disorderly. 2. Disorderly ; dirty. 3. 
Meretricious ; [little used.] 

SLUTTISH-LY, adv. In a sluttish manner; negligently; 
dirtily. 

SLUT'TISH-NESS, n. The qualities or practice of a slut ; 
negligence of dress ; dirtiness of dress, furniture, and in 
domestic affairs generally. 

SL¥, a. [G. schlau ; Dan. slue.] 1. Artfully dextrous in per- 
forming things secretly and escaping observation or detec- 
tion; usually implying some degree of meanness. 2. Done 
with artful and dextrous secrecy. 3. Marked with artful 
secrecy. 4. Secret ; concealed. — On the sly, in a sly or 
secret manner ; [England.] — Syn. Cunning ; crafty ; sub- 
tle ; wily. 

SLt'-BOOTS, n. A sly, cunning, or waggish person. [Low.] 

iLi ; NESsJ 5eeSLILY ' SLINESS - 

SMACK, v. i. [W. ysmac ; Sax. snuzccan ; D. smaaken.] 1. 
To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make 
a sound when they separate ; to kiss witn violence. 2. 
To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting 
any thing. 3. To have a taste ; to be tinctured with any 
particular taste. 4. To have a tincture or quality infused. 

8MACK, v. t. 1. To kiss with a shai-p noise. 2. To make 
a sharp noise with the lips. 3. To make a sharp noise by 
striking ; to crack. 



SMACK, n. 1. A loud kiss. 2. A quick, sharp noise, as of 
the lips or of a whip. 3. Taste ; savor ; tincture. 4. 
Pleasing taste. 5. A quick, smart blow. 6. A small quan- 
tity ;. a taste. 7. [D. smakschip.] A small vessel, common- 
ly rigged as a sloop, used chiefly in the coasting and fish- 
ing trade. — Hebert. 

SMACK'ING, ppr. Kissing with a sharp noise ; making a 
sharp noise with the lips or by striking. 

SMALL (smawl), a. [Sax. smcel, smal ; G. schmal ; D. smcu , 
Dan. smal] 1. Slender ; thin ; fine ; of little diameter ; 
hence, in general, little in size or quantity ; diminutive ; 
not great. 2. Minute ; slender ; fine ; as, a small voice. 
3. Little in degree ; petty. 4. Being of little moment, 
weight, or importance. 5. Of little genius or ability ; pet- 
ty ; as, a small politician. 6. Short ; containing little ; as, 
a small work or production. 7. Little in amount 8. 
Containing little of the principal quality, or little strength ; 
weak ; as, small beer. 9. Gentle ; soft ; not loud. 10 
Mean ; base ; unworthy ; [colloquial.] 

SMALL, n. The small or slender part of a thing. — Sidney. 

i SMALL, v. t. To make little or less. 

SMALL'-XRMS, n. pi. A general name of muskets, car- 
bines, rifles, pistols. &c, in distinction from the great guns. 

SMALL'-BEER, n. [small and beer.] A species of weak beer. 

SMALL'-CLoTHES, n. pi. Breeches.— Booth. 

SMALL'-CoAL, n. Little wood coals used to light fires. 

SMALL'-CRXFT, n. A vessel, or vessels in general, of a 
small size, or below the size of ships and brigs. 

SMALL-GRAIN.ED, a. Having small grains. — Thompson. 

SMALL-POX', n. [small and pox, pocks.] An exanthematic 
disease, consisting of a constitutional febrile affection and 
a cutaneous eruption. It is propagated exclusively by 
contagion or infection, and is very dangerous when it oc- 
curs casually. It is called, technically, variola. 

SMALL'-WaRES, n. pi. The name given, in commerce, to 
various small textile articles, as tapes, braid, sash-cord, 
fringe, &c. — M'Culloch. 

SMALL'AdE, n. A plant, apium graveolens. In its im- 
proved state under cultivation, it is celled celery. —Encyc. 
of Dom. Econ. 

SMALL'ISH, a. Somewhat small.- Chaucer. 

SMALL'NESS, n. 1. Littleness of size or extent ; littleness 
of quantity. 2. Littleness in degree. 3. Littleness in force 
or strength ; weakness. 4. Fineness ; softness ; melodi- 
ousness. 5. Littleness in amount or value. 6. Littleness 
of importance ; inconsiderablenesa. 

SMAL'LY (smawlly), adv. In a little quantity or degree ; 
with minuteness. — Ascham. [Little used.] 

SMALT, n. [D.smclten; Dan. smelter.] Common glass tinged 
of a fine deep blue by the protoxyd of cobalt. 

SMALT'INE, n. Gray cobalt ; tin-white cobalt, consisting 
of arsenic and cobalt. — Dana. 

SMAR'AGD, n. [Gr. a l xapay6os.] The emerald. 

SMA-RAG'DlNE, a. [L smaragdinus.] Pertaining to em 
erald ; consisting of emerald, or resembling it ; of an em- 
erald green. 

SMA-RAG'DlTE, n. A green mineral, diallage.— Ure. 

SMART, n. [D. smert ; G. schmerz ; Dan. smerte.] 1. Quick, 
pungent, lively pain ; a pricking, local pain, aa the pain 
from puncture by nettles. 2. Severe, pungent pain of 
mind ; pungent grief. 

SMART, v. i. [Sax. smeortan; D. smerten.] 1. To feel a 
lively, pungent pain, particularly, a pungent local pain 
from some piercing or irritating application. 2. To feel a 
pungent pain of mind ; to feel sharp pain. 3. To be pun- 
ished ; to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any 
thing. 

SMART, a. 1. Pungent ; pricking ; causing a keen local 
pain. 2. Keen ; severe ; poignant. 3. Quick ; vigorous ; 
sharp ; severe. 4. Brisk ; fresh. 5. Acute and pertinent ; 
witty. 6. Brisk ; vivacious. 7. Dressed in a showy man- 
ner. 

SMART, n. A cant word for a fellow that affects briskness 
and vivacity. 

SMART-M6N-EY, n. 1. Money paid by a person to buy 
himself oft" from some unpleasant engagement or some 
painful situation. 2. Money allowed to soldiers or sailors 
in the English service, for wounds and injuries received. 
— Grose. 

SMART'-TICK-ET, n. A certificate given to wounded sea- 
men, entitling them to smart-money. — Brande. 

SMART-WEED, n. A plant, so called on account of its 
acrimony, which produces smarting, if applied where the 
skin is tender ; arse-smart. 

t SMART'UN, v. t. To make smart. 

tSMAR'TLE, v. i. To waste away.— Ray. 

SMARTLY, adv. 1. With keen pain. 2. Briskly ; sharply ; 
wittily. 3. Vigorously ; actively. 4. Showily. 

SMART'NESS, w. 1. The quality of being smart or pun- 
gent ; as, smartness of tviste. 2. The quality of being 
quick or vigorous, a3 of a stroke. 3. The quality of being 
lively, witty, or keen ; as, the smartriess of an answer.— 
Syn. Pungency ; poignancy ; tartness ; sharpness ; acute- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UKTE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SMI 



935 



SMO 



ness ; keenness ; quickness ; vigor ; liveliness ; briskness ; 
vivacity; wittiness. 

SMASH, v. t. [probably mash, with a prefix.] To break in 
pieces by violence ; to dash to pieces ; to crush. — Burke. 
[Vulgar, j 

SMASHED (smasht), pp. or a. Dashed to pieces. 

SMASHING, ppr. Dashing to pieces. 

SMASHING, n. State of being smashed. 

f SMATCH, v. %. To have a taste.— Banister. 

SMATCH, n. [corrupted from smack.] 1. Taste ; tincture ; 
[vulgar.] 2. A bird. 

SMAT'TER, v. i. [qu. Dan. smatter.] 1. To talk superficial- 
ly or ignorantly. 2. To have a slight taste, or a slight, 
superficial knowledge. 

SMAT'TER, n. Slight, superficial knowledge. 

SMATTER-ER, n. One who has only a slight, superficial 
knowledge. — Swift. 

SMAT'TER-ING, n. A slight, superficial knowledge. 

SMe AR (smeer), v. t. [Sax. smerian, smirian ; D. smeeren ; G. 
schmiercn; Ir. smearam.] 1. To overspread with any thing 
unctuous, viscous, or adhesive ; to besmear ; to daub. 2. 
To soil ; to contaminate ; to pollute. 

SMeAR, n. A fat, oily substance ; ointment. [Rare.] 

SMeAR£D, pp. Overspread with soft or oily matter; 
soiled. 

SMeAR'ING, ppr. Overspreading with any thing soft and 
oleaginous ; soiling. 

SMeAR'Y, a. That smears or soils; adhesive. — Rowe. 
[Rare.] 

SMEATH, n. A sea fowl. 

SMEG'TlTE, n. [Gr. <r W Kn?.] A sort of fuller's earth.— 
Smart. 

f SMEETH, v. t. To smoke. 

SMEETH, v. t. To smooth.— Halliwell. [North of England.] 

SMEG-MAT'IG, a. [Gr. cuny^a.] Being of the nature of 
soap ; soapy ; cleansing ; detersive. 

SMELL, v. t. ; pret. and pp. smelled, smelt. To perceive by 
the nose, or by the olfactory nerves ; to have a sensation 
excited in certain organs of the nose by particular quali- 
ties of a body, which are transmitted in fine particles, 
often from a distance. — To smell out is a low phrase sig- 
nifying to find out by sagacity. — To smell a rat is a low 
phrase signifying to suspect strongly. 

SMELL, v. i. 1. To affect the olfactory nerves ; to have an 
odor or particular scent. 2. To have a particular tincture 
or smack of any quality. 3. To practice smelling. 4. To 
exercise sagacity. 

SMELL, n. 1. The sense or faculty by which certain qual- 
ities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentality 
of the olfactory nerves ; or the faculty of perceiving by 
the organs of the nose ; one of the five senses. 2. The 
quality of bodies which affects the olfactory organs. — 
Syn. Scent; odor; perfume; fragrance. 

SMELL£D, I f a f 7, 

SMELT \ W an PP' sme "- 

SMELL'ER, n. One who smells. 

SMELL'FeAST, n. One who is apt to find and frequent 
good tables ; an epicure ; a parasite. 

SMELLING, ppr. Perceiving by the olfactory nerves. 

SMELLING, n. The sense by which odors are perceived. 

SMELL'ING-BOT-TLE, n. A bottle impregnated with 
something suited to stimulate the nose and revive the 
spirits. — Ash. 

SMELT. See Smelled. 

SMELT, n. [Sax.J A small fish of the salmon family that 
is very delicate food. It emits a peculiar odor like that 
of cucumbers, rushes, or violets. — The sand-smelt is the 
same as the atherine, which see. 

SMELT, v. t. [D. smelten ; G. schmelzen ; Dan. smelter.] To 
melt or fuse, as ore, for the purpose of separating the metal. 

SMELT'ED, pp. or a. Melted for the extraction of the 
metal. 

SMELT'ER, n. One who smelts ore. 

SMEJ T'ER-Y, n. A house or place for smelting ores. 

SMELTING, ppr. Melting, as ore. 

SMELT'ING, n. The operation of melting or fusing ores 
for the purpose of extracting the metal. 

SMERK, v. i. [Sax. smercian.] 1. To smile affectedly or 
wantonly. 2. To look affectedly soft or kind. 

SMERK, n. An affected smile. 

mVTFR K" } 

SMERK'Y ( °" ^ ce ' smart > janty- — Spenser. 

SMER'LIN, n. A fish.— Ainsworth. 

SMEW (smu), n. A migratory aquatic fowl, the mergus al- 
bellus ; also called white nun. 

SMIGK'ER, v. i. [Sw. smickra ; Dan. smigrer.] To smerk ; 
to look amorously or wantonly. 

SMI€K'ER-ING, ppr. Smerking ; smiling affectedly. 

SMI€K'ER-ING, n. An affected smile or amorous look. 

\ SMIGK'ET, n. Dim. of smock. 

'\ SMID'DY, n. [Sax. smiththa.] A smithery or smith's work- 
shop. 

-SMlGHT, for smite, in Spenser, is a mistake. 



SMIL'A-CIN, n. [Gr. a/xi'Sal ; L. smilax'.\ A white crystal- 
lizable compound, considered to be the active principle of 
the officinal species of smilax, or sarsaparilla. It is taste- 
less when solid, but bitter in solution. It is now ascer- 
tained to be parillinic acid. 

SMlLE, v. i. [Sw. smila , Dan. smiler.] 1. To contract the 
features of the face in such a manner as to express pleas- 
ure, moderate joy, or love and kindness. 2. To express 
slight contempt by a smiling look, implying sarcasm or 
pity ; to sneer. 3. To lo<-k gay and joyous ; or to have 
an appearance to excite joy. 4. To be propitious or favor- 
able ; to favor ; to countenance. 

SMlLE, v. t. To awe with a contemptuous smile. 

SMlLE, n. 1. A peculiar contraction of the features ot the 
face, which naturally expresses pleasure, moderate joy, 
approbation, or kindness. 2. Gay or joyous appearance. 
3. Favor ; countenance ; propitiousness. 4. An expres- 
sion of countenance, resembling a smile, but indicative of 
opposite feelings, as contempt, scorn, &c. ; as, a scornful 
smile. 

SMILE'LESS, a. Not having a smile. 

SMlL'ER, n. One who smiles. 

SMlL'ING, ppr. or a. Having a smile on the countenance 
looking joyous or gay ; looking propitious. 

SMlL'ING-L Y, adv. With a look of pleasure. 

SMlL'ING-NESS, n. State of being smiling.— Byron. 

t SMILT, for smelt. 

SMtRCH (smurch), v. t. [from murk, murky.] To cloud ; to 
dusk ; to soil. — Shak. [Low.] 

SMIRK, v. i. To look affectedly soft or kind. See Smerh. 

SMIT, sometimes used for smitten. See Smite. 

SMlTE, v. t. ; pret. smote ; pp. smitten, smit. [Sax. smitan , 
D. smyten.] 1. To strike ; to throw, drive, or force against, 
as the fist or hand, a stone or a weapon. 2. To kill ; tc 
destroy the life of by beating, or by weapons of any kind. 
3. To blast ; to destroy life, as by a stroke or by some- 
thing sent. 4. To afflict ; to chasten ; to punish. 5. To 
strike or affect with passion. 

SMlTE, v. i. To strike ; to collide. 

SMlTE, n. A blow. [Local] 

SMlT'ER, n. One who smites or strikes. 

SMITH, n. [Sax. smith; Dan., Sw. smed ; D. smit ; G. schmied.\ 
1. Literally, the striker, the beater ; hence, one who forges 
with the hammer ; one who works in metals ; as, an iron- 
smith, &.c. 2. He who makes or effects any thing. 

t SMITH, v. t. [Sax. smithian.] To beat into shape ; to forge 
— Chaucer. 

SMITH'-GRaFT, n. [smith and craft.] The art or occupa 
tion of a smith.— Raleigh. [Little used.] 

SMITH'ER-Y, n. 1. The work-shop of a smith. 2. Work 
done by a smith. — Burke. 

SMITHING, n. The act or art of working a mass of iroB 
into the intended shape. — Moxon. 

SMITH-So'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to or derived from Smith- 
son, an English gentleman who bequeathed a large sum of 
money to the United States to found an institution for the 
diffusion of learning. 

f SMITHY, n. [Sax. smiththa.] The shop of a smith. 

SMTTTNG, ppr. Striking; killing; afflicting; punishing. 

SMITT, n. The finest of the clayey ore made up into balls, 
used for marking sheep. — Woodward. 

SMITTEN (smifn), pp. of smite. 1. Struck; killed. 2. Af 
fected with some passion ; excited by beauty or some- 
thing impressive. 

SMIT'TLE, v. t. To infect.— Halliwell. [Local \ 

ImKlFshJ- Icfectious - 

SMOGK, n. [Sax. smoc] 1. A shift ; a chemise ; a woman s 
under garment. — 2. In composition, it is used for female, or 
what relates to women. 3. A smock-frock, which see 
M. F. Tupper. 

SMOGK'-FaCED (-faste), a. Pale-faced ; maidenly ; having 
a feminine countenance or complexion. 

SMO€K'-FRO€K, n. [smock and frock.] A coarse linen 
frock or shirt worn over the coat by farm-laborers.- 
Halliwell. 

SMOGK'-MILL, n. A wind-mill whose top is the only part 
which turns to meet the wind. — Francis. 

SMO€K'-RaCE, n. A race run by women for the prize of 
a fine smock. [North of England,] 

SMOGK'LESS, a. Wanting a smock.— Chaucer. 

SMoKE, n. [Sax. smoca, smec, smic ; G. schmauch ; D. smook.] 
1. The exhalation, visible vapor, or substance that escapes 
or is expelled in combustion from the substance burning, 
as from wood, &c. 2. Vapor ; watery exhalations. 

SMOKE, v. i. [Sax. smocian, smecan, smican ; Dan. smuger ; 
D. smooken.] 1. To emit smoke ; to throw off volatile 
matter in the form of vapor or exhalation. 2. To bum ; 
to be kindled ; to rage ; [in Scripture.] 3. To raise a dust 
or smoke by rapid motion. 4. To smell or hunt out ; to 
suspect ; [rare.] 5. To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar, by 
inhaling its smoke. 6. To suffer ; to be punished. 

SM5KE, v. t. 1. To apply smoke to ; to hang in smoke ; to 



-fe Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— A, e, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BOOK. 



SMO 



937 



SNA 



scent, medicate, or dry by smoke. 2. To smell out ; to 
find out ; [rare.] 3. To sneer at ; to ridicule to the face. 

8M0KE-GLOUD, n. A cloud of smoke.— Hemans. 

SMoKE'-CON-SCMTNG, a. Consuming smoke. 

SMoKE'-DRiED, a. Dried in smoke.— Irving. 

SMoKE'-DRY, v. t. To dry by smoke. — Mortimer. 

SMoKE'-JACK, n. An engine for turning a spit 

SMoKE'-SaIL, n. A small sail set forward of the funnel of 
a vessel's galley, to allow the smoke to rise before it is 
blown off by the wind. — Totten. 

SMoKlvD (smokt), pp. or a. Cured, cleansed, or dried in 
smoke. 

SMoKE'LESS, a. Having no smoke.— Pope. 

SMoK'ER, n. 1. One who dries by smoke. 2. One who 
uses tobacco by inhaling its smoke from a pipe or cigar. 

SMoK'I-LY, adv. So as to be full of smoke. — Sherwood. 

SMoK'I-NESS, n. The state of being smoky.— Ash. 

SMoKING, ppr. or a. 1. Emitting smoke, as fuel, &c. 2. 
Applying smoke for cleansing, drying, &c. 3. Using to- 
bacco in a pipe or cigar. 

SM6KTNG, n. 1. The act of emitting smoke. 2. The act 
of applying smoke to. 3. The act or practice of inhaling 
tobacco smoke from a pipe or cigar. 

SMoKT, a. 1. Emitting smoke ; fumid. 2. Having the ap- 
pearance or nature of smoke. 3. Filled with smoke, or 
with a vapor resembling it ; thick. 4. Subject to be filled 
with smoke from the chimneys or fire-places. 5. Tar- 
nished with smoke ; noisome with smoke. 

SMoLDER-TNG. The more desirable orthography of smoul- 
dering, which see. 

tSMOOR, \v. t. [Sax. smora?i.] To suffocate or smother.- - 

t SMoRE, 5 More. 

SMOOTH, a. [Sax. smethe, smoeth ; W. esmwyth.] 1. Having 
an even surface, or a surface so even that no roughness or 
points are perceptible to the touch ; not rough. 2. Evenly 
spread ; as, a smooth-haired horse. — Pope. 3. Gently flow- 
ing ; moving equably ; not ruffled or undulating. 4. That 
flows without stop3, obstruction, or hesitation ; not harsh ; 
as, smooth poetry or elocution. 5. Characterized by bland- 
ness, flattery, or deception ; as, smooth discourse. — 6. In 
botany, glabrous ; having a slippery surface void of rough- 
ness. — Syn. Even; plain; level; flat; polished ; glossy; 
sieek ; soft ; bland ; mild ; soothing ; voluble ; flattering ; 
adulatory ; deceptive. 

SMOOTH, n. That which is smooth ; the smooth part of 
any thing ; as, the smooth of the neck. — Gen., xxvii. 

SMOOTH, v. t. [Sax. smethian.] 1. To make smooth ; to 
make even on the surface by any means. 2. To free from 
obstruction ; to make easy. 3. To free from harshness ; 
to make flowing. 5. To palliate ; to soften. 6. To calm ; 
to mollify ; to allay. 7. To ease. 8. To flatter ; to soften 
with blandishments. 

SMOOTH-CHINNED, a. Beardless. 

SMOOTH-FIOED (-faste), a. Having a mild, soft look. 

SMOOTH'-PICED (-paste), a. Having a smooth pace.— 
Scott. 

SMOOTH'-TONGUJED (-tungd), a. Having a smooth tongue ; 
plausible; flattering. 

SMOOTHED (smoofhd), pp. Made smooth. 

SMOOTH.EN, for smooth, is used by mechanics, though not, 
I believe, in the United States. 

SMOOTHER, n. One who smooths.— Bishop Percy. 

SMOOTHING, ppr. Making smooth. 

SMOOTHTNG-I-RON, n. An iron instrument with a pol- 
ished face for smoothing clothes ; a sad-iron. 

SMOOTHTNG-PLINE, n. A small, fine plane, used for 
smoothing and finishing work. — Gwilx. 

SMOOTHLY, adv. 1. Evenly ; not roughly or harshly. 2. 
With even flow or motion. 3. Without obstruction or 
difficulty; readily; easily. 4. With soft, bland, insinuating 
language. 

SMOOTHNESS, n. 1. Evenness of surface ; freedom from 
roughness or asperity. 2. Softness or mildness to the 
palate. 3. Softness and sweetness of numbers ; easy flow 
of words. 4. Mildness or gentleness of speech ; bland- 
ness of address. 

SM5TE, pret. of smite. 

SMOTHER (smufh'er), v. t. [allied, perhaps, to Ir. smuid, 
smoke.] 1. To suffocate or extinguish life by causing 
smoke or dust to enter the lungs ; to stifle. 2. To suffo- 
cate or extinguish by closely covering, and by the exclu- 
sion of air. 3. To suppress ; to stifle. 

SMOTHER, v. i. 1. To be suffocated. 2. To be suppressed 
or concealed. 3. To smoke without vent. 

SMOTHER, n. 1. Smoke ; thick dust.— Dryden. 2. A state 
of suppression. — Bacon ; [obs.] 

SMOTHERED, pp. or a. Suffocated ; stifled ; suppressed. 

SMOTHER I-NES8, n. State of being smothery. 

SMOTH'EPv.-ING,£pr. Suffocating; suppressing. 

SMOTHER-LNG, n. Act of smothering.— More. 

SMOTHER-ING-LY, adv. Suffocatingly ; suppressingly. 

SM6TH'ER-Y, a. Tending to smother. 

1 SMoUCH (smooch), v. t. To salute.— Stnbbes. 



SMoULT»ER, v. i. To burn and smoke without i em. 

SMoULT)ER-ING, \ppr. or a. Burning and smoking with- 

SMoUL'DRY, j out vent.— Dryden. 

SMUDdE, n. A suffocating smoke.— Grose. 

SMUG, a. [Dan. smuk ; G. smuck.] Nice ; neat ; affectedly 
nice in dress.— Halliwell. [North of England.) 

t SMUG, v. t. To make spruce ; to dress with affected neat- 
ness. — Chaucer. 

SMUG'GLE, v. t. [Sw. smyga; D. smokkclcn.] 1. To import 
or export secretly goods which are forbidden by the gov- 
ernment to be imported or exported ; or secretly to im- 
port or export dutiable goods without paying the duties 
imposed by law ; to run. 2. To convey clandestinely. 

SMUG'GLjED, pp. or a. Imported or exported clandestinely 
and contrary to law. 

SMUGGLER, n. 1. One who smuggles. 2. A vessel em- 
ployed in running goods. 

SMUG'GLING. ppr. Importing or exporting goods clandes- 
tinely and contrary to law. 

SMUG'GLING, n. The offense of clandestinely importing 
or exporting prohibited goods, or other goods without 
paying the customs. 

t SMUG r LY, adv. Neatly ; sprucely.— Gay. 

t SMUG'NESS, n. Neatness ; spruceness without elegance. 

SMu'LY, a. Looking smoothly ; demure. — Cumberland. 

SMUT, n. [Dan. smuds ; Sax. smitta : D. smet.] 1. A spot 
made with soot or coal ; or the foul matter itself. 2. A 
parasitic fungus which forms on grain, and sometimes de 
stroys the whole substance of it. 3. Obscene language. 

SMUT, v. t. 1. To stain or mark with smut ; to blacken 
with coal, soot, or other dirty substance. 2. To taint with 
mildew. 3. To blacken ; to tarnish. 

SMUT, v. i. To gather smut ; to be converted into smut 

SMUT'-MILL, n. A machine for cleansing grain from smut 
— Farm. Encyc. 

SMUTCH, v. t. To blacken with smoke, soot or coal. 

SMUTCH.ED (smucht), a. Blackened with smoke, soot &C 

SMUT'TI-LY, adv. 1. Blackly ; smokily ; foully. 2. With 
obscene language. 

SMUTTI-NESS, n. 1. Soil from smoke, soot, coal, or smut 
2. Obsceneness of language. 

SMUTTY, a. 1. Soiled with smut, coal, soot, or the like. 
2. Tainted with mildew. 3. Obscene ; not modest or pure. 

SNACK, n. 1. A share; as, to go snacks. — Pope. 2. A 
slight, hasty repast. 

SNACK'ET, In. The hasp of a casement— Gurilt. [Lo- 

SNECK'ET, 5 cal.] 

SNAC'OT, n. [L. acus.) A fish.— Ainsworth. 

SNAF'FLE (snafl), n. [D. sneb, snavel] A bridle consisting 
of a slender bitmouth without branches. 

SNAF'FLE, v. t. To bridle ; to manage with a bridle. 

SNAG, n. 1. A short branch, or a sharp or rough branch , 
a shoot; a knot. — Dryden. 2. A tooth; [in contempt-] or 
a tooth projecting beyond the rest. — 3. In the western riv- 
ers of the United States, the trunk of a large tree firmly 
fixed to the bottom at one end, and rising nearly or quite 
to the surface at the other end, by which steam-boats, &c, 
are often pierced and sunk. 

SNAG, v. t. 1. To hew roughly with an ax ; [north of Eng.\ 
2. To pierce or sink by means of a snag. See above, 
No. 3. 

SNAGGED (snagd), pp. Run against a snag, or branch of a 
sunken tree. 

SNAGGED, ) a. Full of snags ; full of short, rough branch 

SNAG'GY, > es, or sharp points ; abounding with knots. 

SNaIL, n. [Sax. snczgel, snegel ; Sw. snigel; Dan. snegel.) 
1. A slimy, slow-creuping, molluscous animal. There arfe 
shell-snails and snails without shells, commonly called 
slugs. 2. A drone; a slow-moving person.— Shak. 

SNlIL'-TRfTOIL \ n - A P lant of the S enus medicago. 

SNIIL'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant allied to the kidney bean. 

SNaIL'-LiKE, a. Resembling a snail ; moving very slowly 

SNaIL'-LiKE, adv. In the manner of a snail ; slowly. 

SNIKE, n. [Sax. snaca; Dan. snog; G. schnake.] A ser- 
pent; particularly, a serpent of the oviparous kind.- 
Smart. 

SNaKE, v. t. In seamen's language, to wind a small rope 
round a large one spirally, the small rope lying in the 
spaces between the strands of the large one. 

SNaKE'-ROOT, n. [snake and root.] A popular name of 
many different plants, as the Virginia snake-root (aristo 
lochia serpentaria). black snake-root (sanicula Marylandica), 
seneka snake-root (polygala senrga), Sec. 

SNIKE'S'-HeAD, n. In rail-roads constructed by nailing 
bars of iron on to stretchers, a snake's-head is one of the 
bars which becomes loose, and, rising at one end, forcei 
its way into the cars. [America.] 

SNaKE'S'-HeAD IHIS, n. A bulbous plant of Arabia, iris 
tuberosa. — Loudon. 

SNaKE'-WEED, n. A plant, bistort. 

SNIKE'-WOOD, n. [snake and wood.] The wood of th« 
strychnos colulrina, a tree growing in the isle of Timor 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SNE 



93» 



SN1 



&.C., supposed to be an antidote to the poison of certain 
snakes. 

SNaK'ING, ppr. Winding small ropes spirally round a 
large one. 

SNaK'ISH, a. Having the qualities of a snake. 

SNaK'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to a snake or to snakes : resembling 
a snake ; serpentine ; winding. 2. Sly ; cunning ; insinu- 
ating ; deceitful. 3. Having serpents. 

SNAP, t t. [D. snappen, snaawen ; G. schnappen ; Dan. snap- 
per.] 1. To break at once ; to break short. 2. To strike 
with a sharp sound. 3. To bite or seize suddenly with 
the teeth. 4. To break upon suddenly with sharp, angry 
words. 5. To crack. — To snap off. 1. To break suddenly. 
2. To bite oif suddenly. — To snap one up, to snap one up 
short, to treat with sharp words. 

SNAP, v. i. 1. To break short ; to part asunder suddenly. 
2. To make an effort to bite ; to aim to seize with the 
teeth. 3. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words. 

SNAP, n. 1. A sudden breaking or rupture of any sub- 
stance. 2. A sudden, eager bite ; a sudden seizing or ef- 
fort to seize with the teeth. 3. A crack of a whip. 4. A 
greedy fellow. 5. A catch ; a theft. 

SNAP'-D RAG-ON, n. 1. A name of several different p'innts, 
belonging to the genera antirrhinum, ruellia, &c. 2. A 
play in which raisins are snatched from burning brandy 
and put into the mouth. 3. The thing eaten at snap- 
dragon. 

SNaPE, v. t. Used in the North of England for sneap. 

SNAP'HANCE, n. A kind of firelock.— Shclton. 

SNAPPED (snapt), pp. Broken abrup'tly ; seized or bitten 
suddenly ; cracked, as a whip. 

SNAP'PER, n. One who snaps.— Sfiak. 

SNAP'PISH, a. 1. Eager to bite ; apt to snap. 2. Peevish ; 
sharp in reply ; apt to speak angrily or tartly. 

SNAP'PISH-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily ; tartly. 

SNAP'PISH-NESS, n. The quality of being snappish ; peev- 
ishness : tartness. 

SNAP'SA€K, n. A knapsack. [Vulgar.] 

fr SNaR, v. i. To snarl. — Spenser. 

SNaRE, n. [Dan. snare ; Sw. snara ; Dan. snore.] 1. A string 
or line with a noose for- catching animals, particularly 
birds, by the leg. 2. Any thing by which one is entangled 
and brought into trouble. — 1 Cor., vii. 

SNaRE, v. t. [Dan. snarer.] To catch with a snare ; to in- 
snare ; to entangle ; to bring into unexpected evil. 

SNaRED, pp. Entangled ; unexpectedly involved in diffi- 
culty. 

SNaR'ER, n. One who lays snares or entangles. 

SNaR'ING, ppr. Entangling ; insnaring. 

SNXRL, v. i. [G. schnarren ; D. snar.] 1. To growl, as an 
angry or surly dog ; to gnarl ; to utter grumbling sounds. 
2. To speak roughly ; to talk in rude, murmuring terms. 

SNJSRL, v. t. 1. To entangle ; to complicate ; to involve in 
knots. 2. To embarrass. 

SNIRL, n. Entanglement ; a knot or complication of hair, 
thread, &c, which it is difficult to disentangle ; hence, a 
contention or quarrel. — Halliwell. [Local in England, and 
still used occasionally in America.] 

SNaRL'ER, n. One who snarls ; a surly, growling animal ; 
a grumbling quarrelsome fellow. — Swift. 

SNARLING, ppr. or a. 1. Growling; grumbling angrily. 
2. Entangling. — Syn. Cynical; snappish; waspish; peev- 
ish. 

SNaR'Y, a. Entangling; insidious. — Dry den. 

t SNAST, «. [G. schnautze.] The snuff of a candle. 

SNATCH, v. t. ; pret. and pp. snatched or snatcht. [D. snak- 
ken.] 1. To seize hastily or abruptly. 2. To seize with- 
out permission or ceremony. 3. To seize and transport 
away. — Syn. To twitch ; pluck ; pull ; catch ; grasp ; 
gripe. 

SNATCH, v. i. To catch at ; to attempt to seize suddenly. 

SNATCH, n. 1. A hasty catch or seizing. 2. A catching at 
or attempt to seize suddenly. 3. A short fit of vigorous 
action. 4. A broken or interrupted action ; a short fit or 
turn. 5. A shuffling answer ; [rare.] 

SNATCH-BLOCK, n. A particular kind of block used in 
ships, having an opening in one side to receive the bight 
of a rope. 

SNATCHED (snacht), pp. Seized suddenly and violently. 

SNATCH'ER, n. One who snatches or takes abruptly.— 
Shah. 

SNATCHING, ppr. Seizing hastily or abruptly : catching at. 

SNATCH'ING-LY, adv. Bv snatching ; hastily ; abruptly. 

SNATH, n. [Sax. sntzd.] The handle of a scythe. [New En- 
gland.] Also spelled snathe and sneathe. 

' SNITHE, v. t. [Sax. snidan, snithan.] To lop ; to prune. 

8NATTOCK, n. A chip ; a slice.— Gayton. [Rare.] 

SNeAD, n. The handle of a scythe snath. — Ash. 

SNeAK (sneek), v. i. [Sax. snican ; Dan. sniger.] 1. To 
creep or steal away privately ; to withdraw meanly, as a 
person afraid or ashamed to be seen. 2. To behave with 
meanness and servility • to crouch ; to truckle. 
SNeAK (sneek), v. t. To hide.— Wake. 



SNfAK, n. A mean fellow. 

t SNeAK'-CUP. See Sneakup. 

SNeAK'ER, n. A small vessel of drink. — Spectator, [Local.} 

SNeAKTNG, ppr. 1. Creeping away slily ; stealing away 

2. a. Mean ; servile ; crouching. — Rowe. 3. Meanly par&j 

monious ; covetous ; niggardly. 
SNE AKIN G-LY, adv. In a sneaking manner ; meanly. ~ 

Herbert. 
SNeAKTNG-NESS, n. Meanness ; niggardliness.— Boyle. 
t SNeAKS'By, 77. A paltry Mlow.— Barrow. 
t SNeAK'UP, n. A sneaking, cowardly, insidious fellow. 
tSNEAP (sneep), v. t. [Dan. snibbe.] 1. To check; to re 

prove abruptly; to reprimand. — Chaucer. 2. To nip.- 

Shak. 
t SNe AP, n. A reprimand ; a check. — Shak. 
SNEB, v. t. To check ; to reprimand. [The same as sneap I 

SNEAD, }&«Snead. 

SNEEK, n. The latch of a door. [Not in use, or local.] 

SNEER, v. i. 1. To show contempt by turning up the nose, 
or by a particular cast of countenance. 2. To insinuate 
contempt by covert expression. 3. To utter with grimace* 
4. To show mirth awkwardly. — Syn. To scoff ; gibe ; jeer 

SNEER, v. t. To treat with a kind of contempt.— Thyer. 

SNEER, n. 1. A look of contempt, or a turning up of the 
nose to manifest contempt ; a look of disdain, derision, or 
ridicule. — Pope. 2. An expression of ludicrous scorn. 
Watts.— Syn. Scoff; gibe; jeer. 

SNEER'ER, n. One who sneers. 

t SNEER'FUL, a. Given to sneering. — Shenstone. 

SNEER'ING, ppr. or a. Manifesting contempt or scorn by 
turning up the nose, or by some grimace or significant 
look. 

SNEER'ING-LY, adv. With a look of contempt or scorn. 

SNEEZE, v. i. [Sax. niesan ; D. niezen ; G. niesen.] To emit 
air, chiefly through the nose, audibly and violently, by a 
kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irri- 
tation of the inner membrane of the nose. 

SNEEZE, ?i. A sudden and violent ejection of air, chiefly 
through the nose, with an audible sound. — Milton. 

SNEEZE'-WoRT, n. A name of several different plants 
of the genus achillea, xeranthernum, &c. 

SNEEZING, ppr. Emitting air from the nose audibly. 

SNEEZTNG, n. 1. The act of ejecting air violently and audi 
bly, chiefly through the nose ; sternutation. 

f SNELL, a. [Sax. snel.] Active; brisk; nimble. 

SNET, 7i. The fat of a deer. [Local among sportsmen.] 

t SNEW, old pret. of snow. — Chaucer. 

SNIB, to nip or reprimand, is only a different spelling d 
sneb, sneap. — Hubberd's Tale.. 

t SNICK, n. A small cut or mark ; a latcn. 

t SNICK AND SNEE. A combat with knives. 

SNICK'ER, > v. i. [Sw. niugg.] To laugh slily or with shor \ 

SNIGGER, $ suppressed catches, or to laugh in ontf i 
sleeve. — Halliwell. 

SNIFF, v. i. To draw air audibly up the nose. — Swift. 

t SNIFF, v. t. To draw in with the breath through the nose 
—Todd. 

t SNIFF, n. Perception by the nose. — Warton. 

SNIFT, n. A moment. 

t SNIFT, v. i. To snort. 

SNIFTING-VALVE, n. A valve in the cylinder of a steam- 
engine for the escape of air ; so called from the noise it 
makes. — Francis. 

SNIG, 7i. A kind of eel.— Grose. [Local] 

SNIGGLE, v. i. To fish for eels by thrusting the bait into 
their holes. — Walton. [Local.] ■ 

SNIG'GLE, v. t. To snare ; to catch. — Beaum. and Fletcher. 

SNIP, v. t. [D. snippen.] To clip ; to cut off the nip or neb, 
or to cut off at once with shears or scissors. 

SNIP, n. 1. A clip ; a single cut with shears or scissors. 2. 
A small shred. 3. Share ; a snack ; [a low word.] 

SNIP'-SNAP, n. A cant word formed by repeating snap, 
and signifying a tart dialogue with quick replies. — Pope. 

SNIPE, n. [D. snip.] 1. A bird that frequents wet places. 
It is of the genus scolopax, has a long, straight, slender bill, 
and is highly prized for food. 2. A fool ; a blockhead 

SNIP'PER, 7i. One who snips or clips. 

t SNIP'PET, 7i. A small part or share.— Hudibras. 

SNIP'PING, ppr. Clipping ; cutting off with shears or scis 
sors. 

t SNiTE, n. [Sax.] A snipe.— Carew. 

t SNiTE, v. l. [Sax. snytan.] To blow the nose.— In Scot- 
land, snite the candle, snuff it. — Grew. 

SNlTHE, 1 a. Sharp ; piercing ; cutting ; [applied to tht 

SNITHT, 5 wind.] 

SNIVEL (snivl), n. [Sax. snofel] Snot; mucus running 
from the nose. 

SNIVEL, v. i. 1. To run at the nose. 2. To cry as children, 
with snuffing or sniveling. 

SNIVEL-ER, n. 1. One who cries with sniveling. 2. Ona 
who weeps for slight causes, or manifests weakness bj 
weeping. 



* See Synopsis. X, E, I, Sic, long.—K, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



k SNO 



930 



SO A 



SNIV.EL-ING, ppr. or a. Running at the nose ; cr. ing as 
children. 

SNIVELING, n. A crying, as of children, with snuffling or 
whining. 

SNIV.EL-1, a. Running at the nose ; pitiful ; whining. 

SNOB, n. 1. A vulgar person, particularly one who apes 
gentility. — Halliwell ; [used in England in various dialects, 
and recently introduced into books as a term of derision.] — ■ 
2. In the English universities, a townsman as opposed to 
a gownsman. 3. A journeyman shoemaker. — Halliwell. 

SNOB'BISH, a. Belonging to or resembling a snob. 

SNOD, n. [Sax.] A fillet. [Not in use, or local.] 

SNOD, a. Trimmed ; smooth. [Local.] 

SNOOD, n. In Scotland, the fillet which binds the hair of a 
youna: unmarried woman. — Walter Scott. 

f SNOOX v. i. [Sw. snoka.] To lurk ; to lie in ambush. 

SNOOZE, n. A nap. — Holloway. [A low word which is pro- 
vincial in England and sometimes heard in America.] 

SNoRE, v. i. [Sax. snora ; D. snorken.] To breathe with a 
rough, hoarse noise in sleep. — Roscommon. 

SNoRE, n. A breathing with a harsh noise in sleep. 

SNoR'ER, n. One who snores. 

SNoRTNG, ppr. Respiring with a harsh noise. 

SNORT, v. i. [G. schnarchen.] 1. To force the air with vi- 
olence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as high- 
spirited horses in prancing and play. 2. To snore. 

SNORT, v. t. To turn up in anger, scorn, or derision. 

SNORT'ER, n. One who snorts ; a snorer. 

SNORTING, ppr. Forcing the air violently through the 
nose. 

SNORTING, n. 1. The act of forcing the air through the 
nose with violence and noise. — Jer., viii. 2. Act of snor- 
ing. 

SNOT, n. [Sax. snote ; D. snot ; Dan. snot.] Mucus dis- 
charged from the nose.— Swift. 

SNOT, v. t. [Sax. snytan.] To blow the nose. — Sherwood. 

SNOTTER, v. i. To snivel ; to snob.— Grose. [Local] 

SNOTTY, a. 1. Foul with snot. 2. Mean ; dirty. 

SNOUT, n. [W. ysnid ; D. snuit.] 1. The long projecting 
nose of a beast, as that of swine. 2. The nose of a man ; 
[in contempt.] 3. The nozzle or end of a hollow pipe. 

SNOUT, v. t. To furnish with a nozzle or point. — Camden. 

SNOUT'ED, a. Having a snout.— Heylin. 

SNOUTT, a. Resembling a beast's snout. — Otway. 

SNoW, n. [Sax. snaw ; Goth, snaiws ; D. sneeuw ; G. schnee ; 
Dan. snee ; Sw. sne.] 1. Crystallized vapor ; particularly, 
watery particles congealed into white crystals in the air, 
and falling to the earth.— Red snow, snow of a red color, 
formerly supposed to be tinged by minute plants, but by 
more recent investigators considered as owing its color to 
the presence of certain animalcule. — P. Cyc. 2. A vessel 
equipped with two masts, resembling the main and fore- 
masts of a ship, and a third small mast just abaft the main- 
mast carrying a try-sail. — Snow-line, the lowest limit of 
perpetual snow. — Brande. 

SNoW, v. i. [Sax. snawan.] To fall in snow. 

SNoW, ?. i. "To scatter like snow. — Donne. 

SNoW'-BALL (sno'-bawl), n. [snow and ball] A round 
mass of snow pressed or rolled together. — Dry den. 

SNo W'-B ALL-TREE, )n. A shrub or small tree bearing 

SNo W'-BALL, > large balls of white flowers ; gel- 

der rose. 

SNoW'-BiRD (sno'-burd), n. A bird which appears in the 
time of snow. The name is applied to the emberiza nivalis, 
which is found both in Europe and America ; the fringilla 
nivalis (Linn.), found only in Europe ; the fringilla hiema- 
lis (Linn.), found only in America, &c. 

SNoW-BROTH, n. [snow and broth.] Snow and water 
mixed ; very cold liquor. — Shak. 

SNOW-CAPPED I (-kapt), a. Capped or crowned with 

SNoW'-CAPT 5 snow. 

SNoW'-CROWNJD, a. [snow and crown.] Crowned or 
having the top covered with snow. — Drayton. 

SN5W-DEEP, n. [snow and deep.] A plant. 

SNo W'-D RIFT, n. [snow and drift.] A bank of snow driv- 
en together by the wind. 

SNoW'-DROP, n. [snow and drop.] A bulbous plant bear- 
ing a white flower, cultivated in gardens for its beauty. 

SNoW'-FED, a. Fed with snow.— Shelly. 

SN0W-FL6OD, n. A flood from melted snow. — Moore. 

SNoW'-LlKE, a. Resembling snow. 

SNoW'-PLOW, In. A machine operating like a plow, 

SNOW-PLOUGH, 5 but on a larger scale, for clearing 
away the snow from roads, rail-ways, Sec. — Hebert. 

SN0W-SH0E (sno'-shoo), n. [snow and shoe.] A shoe or 
racket worn by men traveling on snow, to prevent their 
feet from sinking into the snow. 

SNoW'-SLIP, n. [snow and slip.] A large mass of snow 
which slips down the side of a mountain, and sometimes 
buries houses. — Goldsmith. 

SNoW'-STORM, n. A storm with falling snow. 

SN0W-WH1TE, a. White as snow ; very white. 
SNoW'-WRE ATH (-reeth), n. A wreath of enow. 



SNoW'LESS, a. Destitute of snow.— Tooke. 

SNo W'Y, a. 1. White like 6now. 2. Abounding with snow 
covered with snow. 3. White ; pure ; unblemished. 

SNUB, n. [D. sneb.] 1. A knot or protuberance in wood •, 
a snag. — Spenser. 2. A check or rebuke .Wo/m Foster. 

SNUB, v. t. 1. To nip ; to clip or break off" the end. 2. Ta 
check ; to reprimand ; to check, stop, or rebuke with a 
tart, sarcastic reply or remark. John Foster. — To snub a 
cable or rope, among seamen is to check it suddenly in 
running out. — Totten. 

t SNUB, v. i. [G. schnauben.] To sob with convulsions 

SNUB'-NoSE, n. A short or flat nose. 

SNUB'-NoS-ED, a. Having a short, flat nose. 

t SNUDgE, v. i. [Dan. sniger.] To lie close ; to snug. 

t SNUDGE, n. A miser, or a sneaking fellow. 

SNUFF, n. [D. snuf] 1. The burning part of a candl* 
wick, or that which has been charred by the flame, wheth- 
er burning or not. 2. A candle almost burned out. 3. Pul 
verized tobacco or other powder, taken or prepared to bo 
taken into the nose. 4. Resentment; hufl", expressed by 
a snuffing of the nose. 

SNUFF, v. t. [D. snuffen ; G. schnupfen.] 1. To draw in 
with the breath ; to inhale. 2. To scent ; to smell ; to 
perceive by the nose. 3. To crop the snuff, as of a can- 
dle ; to take off" the end of the snuff. 

SNUFF, v. i. 1. To snort ; to inhale air with violence or 
with noise, as dogs and horses. 2. To turn up the nose 
and inhale air in contempt. — Mai., ii. 3. To take offense. 

SNUFF'BOX, n. A box for carrying snuff about the person. 

SNUFF'ER, n. One who snuffs. 

SNUFF'ERS, n. pi. An instrument for cropping the snuff 
of a candle. 

SNUFFING, ppr. 1. Drawing in with the breath ; scenting. 
2. Cropping the snuff, as of a candle. 

SNUFF'ING, n. The act of snuffing.— Byron. 

SNUFFLE (snufl), v. i. [D. snuffelen ; G. nuffeln.] To speak 
through the nose ; to breathe hard through the nose, or 
through the nose when obstructed. 

SNUFTLER, n. One who snuffles or speaks through the 
nose when obstructed. 

SNUF'FL E® (-flz), n. Obstruction of the nose by mucus. 

SNUF'FLING, n. A speaking through the nose. — Swift. 

SNUFF'TIK-ER, n. One who takes snuff or inhales it into 
the nose. 

SNUFF'Y, a. Soiled with snuff. 

SNUG, v. i. [Dan. sniger ; Sax. snican.] To lie close. 

SNUG, a. [Sw. snygg.] 1. Lying close ; closely pressed. 
2. Close ; concealed ; not exposed to notice. 3. Being in 
good order ; all convenient ; neat. 4. Close ; neat ; con- 
venient. 5. Slily or insidiously close. 

SNUGGER- Y, n. A snug, comfortable place. - Warren. 
[Familiar.] 

SNUG'GLE, v. i. To move one way and the other to get a 
close place ; to lie close for convenience or warmth. 

SNUG'LY, adv. Closely ; safely. 

SNUG'NESS, n. Closeness ; the state of being neat or con- 
venient. — Haley's Cowper. 

SO, adv. [Goth., Sax. swa ; G. so ; D. zo ; Dan. saa. ; Sw. sa.] 
1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting comparison 
or resemblance. 2. In such a degree ; to that degree. 3. 
In such a manner ; sometimes repeated. 4. It is followed 
by as. 5. In the same manner. 6. Thus ; in this manner. 
7. Therefore ; thus ; for this reason ; in consequence of 
this or that. 8. On these terms, noting a conditional pe- 
tition. 9. [L. modo.] Provided that ; on condition that 
10. In like manner, noting the concession of one proposi- 
tion or fact and the assumption of another ; answering to 
as. 11. So often expresses the sense of a word or sen 
tence going before. 12. Thus ; thus it is ; this is the state. 
13. Well ; the fact being such ; as, and so the work is 
done, is it ? 14. It is sometimes used to express a certain 
degree, implying comparison, and yet without the corre- 
sponding word as, to render the degree definite. 15. It is 
sometimes equivalent to be it so, let it be so, let it be as it is 
or in that manner. 16. It expresses a wish, desire, or pe 
tition. — 17. So much as, however much. — 18. So so, or so 
repeated, used as a kind of exclamation ; equivalent to 
well, well ; or it is so, the thing is done. — 19. So so, much 
as it was ; indifferently ; not well nor much amiss. — 20. 
So then, thus then it is ; therefore ; the consequence ia.- 
Shak. 

SO, v. t. Stand still ; a word used in the imperative only, 
by milkmaids. 

S5AK, v. t. [Sax. socian ; W. swgiaw.] 1. To cause or suf- 
fer to lie in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it 
can contain ; to subject to maceration in water or other 
fluid. 2. To wet thoroughly ; as, to soak the ground with 
rain. 3. To draw in by the pores, as the skin. 4. To 
drain; [unauthorized.] — Syn. To steep ; imbrue ; drench; 
macerate. 

SoAK, v. i. 1. To lie steeped in water or other fluid. 2. To 
enter into pores or interstices. 3. To drink intemperately 
or gluttonously ; to drench. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;- AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH; TH as in this t ObsoleU 



soc 



940 



SOC 



SoAKEB (sokt), pp. Steeped or macerated in a fluid; 
drenched. 

SoAK'ER, n. 1. One who soaks or macerates in a liquid. 
2. A hard drinker ; [low.] 

SoAK'IN G, ppr. 1. Steeping; macerating; drenching; im- 
bibing. 2. a. That wets thoroughly. 

86AL of a shoe. See Sole. 

S5AP (sope), n. [Sax. sape ; D. zeep ; G. sei/e.] A compound 
of one or more ol the oil-acids, with certain salifiable 
bases, especially with potassa or soda. The most com- 
mon soaps are made by boiling some common oil with 
the lye of wood ashes ; used in washing and cleansing, in 
medicine, &c. Common soap is an unctuous substance. 

SoAP, v. t. [Sax. sapan ; D. zeepcn ; G. seifen.] To rub or 
wash over with soap. 

SoAP'-BOIL-ER, n. [soap and boiler.] One whose occupa- 
Jion is to make soap. 

SoAP -BOIL-ING, n. The occupation of making soap. 

SoAP'-SToNE, n. Steatite ; a magnesian mineral. 

SoAP'-SUDS, n. pi. Suds ; water well impregnated with 
soap. 

S5AP'BER-RY-TREE, n. An evergreen tropical tree of 
several species bearing red saponaceous berries, which 
are used as a substitute for soap in washing clothes. 

SoAP .ED (sopt), pp. Rubbed or washed with soap. 

SoAP'ING, ppr. Rubbing or washing with soap. 

SoAP'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus saponaria, so called 
from its bruised leaves producing a lather like soap on 
being agitated in water. — Farm. Encyc. 

SoAP'Y, a. 1. Resembling soap ; having the qualities of 
soap ; soft and smooth. 2. Smeared with soap. 

SoAR, v. i. [Fr. essorer ; It. sorare.] 1. To fly aloft; to 
mount upon the wing, as an eagle. 2. To rise high ; to 
mount ; to tower in thought or imagination ; to be sub- 
lime, as the poet or the orator. 3. To rise high in ambi- 
tion or heroism. — 4. In general, to rise aloft ; to be lofty. 

SoAR. See Soke. 

SoAR, n. A towering flight.— Milton. 

SOARING, ppr. or a. Mounting on the wing ; rising aloft ; 
powering in thought or mind. 

SOARING, n. The act of mounting on the wing, or of tow- 
ering in thought or mind; intellectual flight. 

SOa' VE, \ [It.] In music, sweet, or with sweet- 

SOA-VE-MEN'TE.l ness.—Brande. 

SOB, v. i. [Sax. seobgend.] To sigh with a sudden heaving 
of the breast, or a convulsive motion ; to sigh with deep 
sorrow or with tears. 

SOB, n. A convulsive sigh or catching of the breath in sor- 
row ; a convulsive act of respiration obstructed by sor- 
row. — Dryden. 

f SOB, v. t. To soak.— Mortimer. 

SOB'BING, n. Lamentation. 

SOB'BING, ppr. Sighing with a heaving of the breast. 

So'BER, a. [Fr. sobre ; It. sobrio ; L. sobrius ; D. sober.] 1. 
Practicing temperance in the use of spirituous liquors ; 
having habits of temperance. 2. Not intoxicated or over- 
powered by spirituous liquors ; not drunken. 3. Not mad 
or insane ; not wild, visionary, or heated with passion ; 
having the regular exercise of cool, dispassionate reason. 
4. Not under the influence of passion ; as, a sober judg- 
ment. 5. Characterized by gravity or solemnity ; as, the 
sober livery of autumn. — Syn. Temperate; abstinent; ab- 
stemious; moderate; regular; steady; calm; cool; col- 
lected ; dispassionate ; unimpassioned ; sedate ; staid ; 
serious ; grave ; solemn ; sombre. 

So'BER, v. t. To make sober ; to cure of intoxication. 

S O'BE RE D, pp. Made sober. 

So'BER-LY, adv. 1. Without intemperance. 2. Without 
enthusiasm. 3. Without intemperate passion ; coolly ; 
calmly; moderately. 4. Gravely; seriously. 

So'BER-MlND-ED, a. Having a disposition or temper ha- 
bitually sober, calm, and temperate. 

So'BER-MEND'ED-NESS, n. Calmness ; freedom from in- 
ordinate passions ; habitual sobriety. — Porteus. 

So'BER-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from intoxication ; temper- 
ance. 2. Gravity ; seriousness. 3. Freedom from heat 
and passion ; calmness ; coolness. 

SO-BRl'E-TY, n. [Fr. sobriete ; L. sobrietas.] 1. The quality 
of being habitually sober, or temperate in the use of spir- 
ituous liquors. 2. Freedom from intoxication. 3. Habit- 
ual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion, or over- 
heated imagination ; as, the sobriety of age. 4. The qual- 
ity of being serious or grave without sadness or melan- 
choly. — Syn. Soberness ; temperance ; abstinence ; abste- 
miousness ; moderation ; regularity ; steadiness ; calm- 
ness ; coolness ; sober-mindedness ; sedateness ; staidness ; 
gravity ; seriousness ; solemnity. 
SOB-Ri-QJJET' (sob-re-ka 7 ), n. [Fr.] A burlesque appella- 
tion or nickname. 

SOC, n. [Sax. soc] 1. Properly, the sequela, secta, or suit, 
or the body of suitors ; hence, the power or privilege of 
holding a court in a district, as in a manor ; jiirisdiction 
of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. 2. Liberty 



or privilege of tenants excused from customary bitfdene. 
3. An exclusive privilege claimed by millers of grinding 
all the corn used within the manor or township in which 
the mill stands. — Grose. 

SOCAGE, n. [from soc, a privilege.] In English law, a ten 
ure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate 
service ; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's serr- 
ice, in which the render was uncertain. — Blackstone 

SOCA-&ER, n. A tenant by socage ; a socman. 

So'-CALL£D, a. So named. 

SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. sociabilite.] Sociableness ; dispo- 
sition to associate and converse with others ; or the prac 
tice of familiar converse. 

* So'CIA-BLE (so'sha-bl), a. [Fr. sociable ; L. sociabilis.] 1. 
That may be conjoined ; fit to be united in one body or 
company. 2. Ready or disposed to unite in a general in- 
terest. 3. Ready and inclined to join in company or soci- 
ety ; or frequent meeting for conversation. 4. Inclined to 
converse when in company ; disposed to freedom in con- 
versation. 5. Free in conversation ; conversing much or 
familiarly . — Syn. Social ; companionable ; conversible ; 
friendly ; familiar ; communicative ; accessible. 

* So'CIA-BLE, n. A kind of less exalted phaeton, with two 

seats facing each other, and a box for the drive v.— Mason. 

* So'CIA-BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to associate ; inclina- 
tion to company and converse ; or actual frequent union 
in society or free converse. 

* So'CIA-BLY, adv. In a sociable manner ; with free inter 
course ; conversibly ; familiarly, as a companion. 

So'CIAL (so'shal), a. [L. socialis.] 1. Pertaining to society ; 
relating to men living in society, or to the public as an ag- 
gregate body. 2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly 
converse. 3. Consisting in union or mutual converse. 4. 
Disposed to unite in society. — Syn. Sociable ; companion- 
able ; conversible ; friendly ; familiar ; communicative ; 
convivial ; festive. 

So'CIAL-ISM (so'shal-izm), n. A social state in which there 
is a community of property among all the citizens ; a new 
term for agrarianism. See Communism. 

So'CIAL-IST (so'shal-ist), n. One who advocates socialism 
among all the citizens of a state. 

SO-CIAL/I-TY, n. Socialness ; the quality of being social 

So'CIAL-lZE, v. t. To reduce to a social state. 

So'CIAL-LY, adv. In a social manner or way. 

SoT!IAL-NESS, n. The quality of being social. 

tSo'ClATE (-shate), v. i. To associate; to mix with com- 
pany. — Shelf ord. 

SO-Cl'E-TY, n. [Fr. societe ; Sp. sociedad ; It. societd ; L. so- 
cietas.] 1. The union of a number of rational beings ; or 
a number of persons united, either for a temporary or 
permanent purpose ; a community. 2. Any number of 
persons associated for a particular purpose, whether in- 
corporated by law, or only united by articles of agree- 
ment ; a fraternity ; a club or coterie. 3. Company ; a 
temporary association of persons for profit or pleasure ; 
[little used.] 4. Company ; fellowship. 5. Partnership ; 
fellowship ; union on equal terms. 6. Persons living in 
the same neighborhood, who frequently meet in company 
and have fellowship. — 7. In Connecticut, a number of fam- 
ilies united and incorporated for the purpose of support- 
ing public worship, is called an ecclesiastical society. 

SO-CIN'I-AN, a. [from Socinus.] Pertaining to Socinus or 
his religious creed. 

SO-CIN'I-AN, n. One of the followers of Socinus, who 
maintained the mere humanity of Jesus Christ, and denied 
his divinity and atonement. • 

SO-CIN'I-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine of Socinus. 

SOCK, n. [Sax. socc; L. soccus; Sw. socka; G. socke.] 1. 
The shoe of the ancient actors of comedy ; hence, come- 
dy, as opposed to the buskin, or tragedy. 2. A garment 
for the foot, like the foot of a stocking. 3. A plowshare. 

SOCK'ET, n. [Ir. soicead.] 1. The little hollow tube or 
place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick. 2. 
Any hollow thing or place which receives and holds some- 
thing else. 

SO€K'ET-CHIS-EL, n. A strong chisel used by carpenters 
for mortising. — Gwilt. 

SOCK'ET-PoLE, n. A pole armed with an iron socket, 
and used to propel boats, &c. 

SOCK'LESS, a. Destitute of socks or shoes.— Beaumont 
and Fletcher. 

So'6LE (ao'kl), n. In architecture, a plain block or plinth 
forming a low pedestal to a statue, column, &c. ; also, s 
plain face or plinth at the lower part of a wall — Gloss, of 
Archit. 

SOCMAN, n. One who holds lands or tenements by socage. 

t SOCMANRY, n. Tenure by socage.— Cowel. 

t SOG'OME, n. A custom of tenants to grind corn at the 
lord's mill. — Cowel. 

SOCO-TO-RlNE, ) a. Socotorineor Socotrine aloes, a kind of 

SOCO-TRlNE, I aloes from Socotra. 

SO-CRAT'IC, (a. Pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian 

SO-€RAT'I€-AL, j sage, or to his manner of teaching.— 



* See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, L &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



SOF 



941 



SOJ 



The Socratic method of reasoning and teaching was by a 
series of questions leading to the desired result. 

50-CRATTC-AL-LY, adv. In the Socratic method. 

SOC'RA-TISM, n. The philosophy of Socrates. 

SO€'RA-TIST, n. A disciple of Socrates.— Martin. 

SOD, n. [D. zoode; G. sodt.] Turf; sward; that stratum 
of earth on the surface which is filled with the roots of 
grass. 

SOD, a. Made or consisting of sod. 

SOD, v. t. To cover with sod ; to turf. 

SOI>, pret. of seethe; also, the passive participle. 

SoT)A, n. [G. soda ; D. souda ; It. soda.] 1. The protoxyd 
of the metal sodium, formerly called mineral alkali. It 
has likewise been called a fixed alkali, in contradistinction 
from ammonia, which is a volatile alkali. 2. The carbon- 
ate of soda, formerly called natron, obtained by lixiviating 
_the ashes of marine plants, or decomposing the soda-salts. 

So'DA-ASH, n. Impure carbonate of soda. — Ure. 

So'DA-SALTS, n. pi. In chemistry, salts which have soda 
for their base. — Silliman. 

So'DA-WA-TER, n. A very weak solution of soda in wa- 
ter highly charged with carbonic acid. The popular bev- 
erage sold under this name in the shops is ordinarily noth- 
ing but^ common water highly charged with carbonic acid. 

Sq'DA-LlTE, n. A mineral occurring usually in small, blu- 
ish dodecahedrons, and containing a large proportion of 
soda, along with silica, alumina, and muriatic acid. — Dana. 

SO-DAL'I-TY, n. [L. sodalitas.] A fellowship or fraternity. 

SOD'DED, pp. Covered with sod ; turfed. 

SODT) EN, pp. of seethe. Boiled ; seethed. 

SOD'DY, a. Turfy ; consisting of sod ; covered with sod. 

SOD'ER v. t. [W. sawd, sawdriaw ; Fr. souder ; It. sodare.] 
To unite and make solid, as metallic substances ; to unite 
the surfaces of metals by the intervention of a more fusi- 
ble metal or metallic cement. 

SOD'ER, ?i. Metallic cement; a metal or metallic composi- 
tion used in uniting other metallic substances. 

SOD'ERi?D, pp. United by a metallic cement. 

SOD'ER-ING, ppr. Uniting and making solid by means of 
a metallic substance in a state of fusion. 

SOD'ER-ING, n. The process of uniting the surfaces of 
metals by the intervention of a more fusible metal or me- 
tallic cement. 

SoDI-UM, n. The metallic base of soda. Common culina- 
ry salt is chlorid of sodium. — Davy. 

iOD'OM-lTE, n. 1. An inhabitant of Sodom. 2. One guilty 
of sodomy. 

SOD-OM-IT'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to sodomy. 

SOD'OM-Y, n. A crime against nature. 

SoE, n. [Scot, sae.] A large wooden vessel for holding wa- 
ter ; a cowl. — More. [Local.] 

80-EV'ER. So and ever, found in compounds, as in whoso- 
ever, whatsoever, wheresoever. See these words. 

So'FA, n. [probably an Oriental word. Qu. Sw. sofva.] An 
_elegant long seat, usually with a stuffed bottom. 

SoTA-BED, n. A bed within a frame beneath a sofa, which 
can be used for lodging by night. 

So'FETT, 7i. A small sofa. 

SOFTIT, n. [It sojjitta.] In architecture, a ceiling ; a term 
seldom used except in reference to the under sides of the 
subordinate parts and members of buildings, such as stair- 
cases, entablatures, archways, cornices, &c. — Gloss, of Arch. 

So'PHI \ n ' * n -^ >erSia > a religious person ; a dervise. 

So'FISM, n. The mystical doctrines of the Mohammedan 
priests or sofis. 

SOFT, a. [Sax. softe, softa.] 1. Easily yielding to pressure ; 
the contrary of hard. 2. Not hard ; easily" separated by 
an edged instrument, as wood. 3. Easily worked ; malle- 
able, as metals. 4. Not rough, rugged, or harsh ; smooth 
to the touch ; delicate. 5. Delicate ; feminine ; [applied 
to the female sex.] 6. Easily yielding to persuasion or mo- 
tives ; flexible ; susceptible of influence or passion ; im- 
pressible ; pliant ; tractable ; compliant ; as, a man of soft 
and servile temper. — King Charles. 7. Tender; timor- 
ous ; as, sq/i-conscienced men. — Shak. 8. Mild ; gentle ; 
kind : not severe or unfeeling, as one's heart. — Shak. 9. 
Civil ; complaisant ; courteous ; as, a soft way or manner. 
10. Placid; still; easy. — Milton. 11. Effeminate; vicious- 
ly nice ; as, a soft course of life. — Broome. 12. Delicate ; 
elegantly tender, as a lady's form. — Milton. 13. Weak ; 
impressible ; as, " this soft place of Adam's." — Glanville ; 
[inelegant.] 14. Gentle ; smooth or melodious to the ear ; 
not loud, rough, or harsh ; as, soft accents. 15. Smooth ; 
flowing ; not rough or vehement ; as, the soft lays of the 
nightingale. 16. Easy; quiet; undisturbed, as slumbers. 
17. Mild to the eye ; not strong or glaring, as light or col- 
oring. 18. Mild ; warm ; pleasant to the feelings ; [ap- 
plied to the air.] 19. Not tinged with salts ; not hard, bo 
as to decompose soap ; as, soft water. 20. Mild ; gentle ; 
not rough, rude, or irritating; as, a soft answer. — Prov., 
xvi. 21. Weak; foolish.— Halliwell. 
SOFT, adv. Softly ; gently ; quietly. 



SOFT, exclam. for be soft ; hold ; stop ; not so fast. 

SOFT'-HEIRT-ED (-hart-ed), a. Having tenderness of 
heart ; susceptible of pity ; gentle ; meek. 

SOFT'-VOICED (-voist), a. Having a soft voice.— Carlyle. 

SOFTEN (soff/n), v. t. 1. To make soft or more soft ; to 
make less hard. 2. To mollify ; to make less fierce or in- 
tractable ; to make more susceptible of humane or fine 
feelings. 3. To make less harsh or severe. 4. To palli 
ate ; to represent as less enormous. 5. To make easy ; to 
compose ; to mitigate ; to alleviate. 6. To make calm 
and placid. 7. To make less harsh, less rude, less offens- 
ive or violent. 8. To make less glaring. 9. To make 
tender ; to make effeminate ; to enervate. 10. To make 
less harsh or grating. 

SOFT.EN (sofn), v. i. 1. To become less hard ; to become 
more pliable and yielding to pressure. 2. To become less 
rude, harsh, or cruel. 3. To become less obstinate or ob- 
durate ; to become more susceptible of human feelings 
and tenderness ; to relent. 4. To become more mild. 5. 
To become less harsh, severe, or rigorous. 

SOYTENED (sof'nd), pp. or a. Made less hard or less 
harsh ; made less obdurate or cruel, or less glaring. 

SOFT.EN-ING, ppr. or a. Making more soft ; making less 
rough or cruel, &c. 

SOFT.EN-ING, n. 1. The act of making less hard, less 
cruel or obdurate, less violent, less glaring, &c. — 2. In 
painting, the blending of colors into each other. 

SOFTTSH, a. Somewhat soft.— D. Clinton. 

SOFT'LING, n. An effeminate person. [Little used.] 

SOFT'LY, adv. 1. Without hardness. 2. Not with force 
or violence ; gently. 3. Not loudly ; without noise. 4. 
Gently ; placidly. 5. Mildly ; tenderly. 

SOFTNER, n. 1. He or that which softens. 2. One who 
palliates. — Swift. 

SOFTNESS, n. 1. The quality of bodies which renders 
them capable of yielding to pressure : opposed to hard- 
ness. 2. Susceptibility of feeling or passion. 3. Mildness; 
kindness. 4. Mildness ; civility ; gentleness. 5. Effem 
inacy ; vicious delicacy. 6. Timorousness ; pusillanimity , 
excessive susceptibility of fear or alarm. 7. Smoothness 
to the ear. 8. Facility ; gentleness ; candor ; easiness to 
be affected. 9. Gentleness, as contrary to vehemence. 10 
Mildness of temper ; meekness. 11. Weakness ; sim 
plicity. 12. Mild temperature. 

SOG'GY, a. [allied, probably, to soak; W. soeg.] 1. Wet; 
filled with water ; soft with moisture. 2. Steaming with 
damp. 

SO-Ho', exclam. A word used in calling from a distant 
place ; a sportman's halloo. — Shak. 

SOI' Di-SaNT' (swa'-de-zangO. [Fr.] Calling himself; self 
styled; pretended; would-be. 

SOIL, v. t. [Sax. selan, sylian ; Dan. suler ; Sw. sola ; Fr 
salir, souiller.] 1. To make dirty on the surface. — Milton. 
2. To cover or tinge with any thing extraneous ; as, the 
soiled earth, reeking with blood. — Tate. 3. To dung ; to 
manure. South. — To soil a horse, to purge him by giving 
him fresh grass. — To soil cattle, in husbandry, is to feed 
them with grass, or green food cut daily for them, instead 
of pasturing them. — Syn. To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime, 
bemire ; bespatter ; besmear ; daub ; bedaub ; stain ; tar- 
nish ; sully ; defile ; pollute. 

SOIL, n. [G. side.] 1. Dirt ; any foul matter upon another 
substance ; foulness ; spot. 2. Stain ; tarnish. 3. The 
upper stratum of the earth ; the mold, or that part of the 
ground which nourishes or is fitted to nourish plants. 4. 
Land ; country. 5. Dung ; compost. — To take soil, to run 
into the water, as a deer when pursued. 

SOILED, pp. or a. Fouled; stained; tarnished; manured; 
fed with grass or green food. 

SOIL'I-NESS, n. Stain ; foulness. — Bacon. [Little used.'j 

SOILING, ppr. Defiling; fouling; tarnishing; feeding with 
fresh grass or green food ; manuring. 

SOILING, n. The act or practice of feeding cattle or hor- 
ses with fresh grass, or green food cut daily for them, in 
stead of pasturing them. 

SOIL'LESS a. Destitute of soil.— Bigsby. 

t SOILTTRE, n. [Fr. souillure.] Stain ; pollution.— Shak. 

SOIR-EE' (swa-raO, n. [Fr. soir. evening.] An evening partj 
of ladies and gentlemen for conversation ; often applied, in 
England, to the meetings of certain societies at which tea 
and other refreshments are introduced. — Brande. 

* So'JAURN or SO-J6URN' (so'jurn or so-jurn'), v. i. [Fr. 
sejourner.] To continue in a place as a temporary resi- 
dent, or as a stranger, not considering the place as his 
permanent habitation.— Syn. To tarry ; abide ; stay ; re- 
main ; five ; dwell ; reside. 

* So'JoURN (so'jurn), n. A temporary residence, as that of 
a traveler in a foreign land. — Milton. 

* So'J6URN-ER a. A temporary resident ; a stranger oc 
traveler who dwells in a place for a time. 

* So'JOURN-ING, ppr. Dwelling for a time. 

* So'J6URN-ING, 7i. The act of dwelling in a place for a 
time ; also, tho time of abode. — Ex., xii. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € as R ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SOL 



942 



SOL 



* So'JoURN-MENT (so'jurn-), n. Temporary residence, as 
that of a stranger or traveler.— Walsh. 

S5KE, n. A district in which a particular privilege or pow- 
er is exercised. [England.] 

SOL, n. [Norm, soulze, soulds, souz; from L. solidus.] 1. In 
France, a small copper coin ; a penny ; usually sou or soits. 
_2. A copper coin and money of account in Switzerland. 

SoL, n. [It.] The name of a note in music. It is the fifth 
in the gamut, do or ut being the first. 

80L/ACE, v. t. [It. sollazzare ; L. solatium.] 1. To cheer in 
grief or under calamity ; to comfort ; to relieve in afflic- 
tion ; to console. 2. To allay ; to assuage. 

[ SOL/ACE, v. i. To take comfort ; to be cheered or re- 
lieved in grief. — SJiak. 

SOLACE, n. [It. sollazzo ; L. solatium.] That which com- 
forts or alleviates grief or anxiety; also, that which re- 
lieves in distress.— Syn. Consolation ; comfort ; allevia- 
tion ; mitigation ; relief ; recreation ; diversion ; amuse- 
ment 

SOLACED (-ante), pp. Comforted; cheered in affliction. 

SOLACE-MENT, n. Act of comforting ; state of being 
comforted. 

SOLA-CING, ppr. Relieving grief ; cheering in affliction. 

\ SO-La'CIOUS, a. Affording comfort or amusement. 

SO-LAN'DER n. [Fr. soulandres.] A disease in horses. 

So'LAN-GOOSE, n. The gannet, an aquatic fowl found on 
the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland, Labrador, &c. 

SO-LAN'I-NA, > n. [L. solanum.] A vegetable alkaloid, ob- 

SOL'A-NINE, ) tained from various species of solanum. 

SO-LA'NO, n. A hot, oppressive wind in the Mediterranean, 
particularly on the eastern coast of Spain. It is a modifi- 
cation of the sirocco. — Brande. 

SO-La'NUM, n. [L.] A genus of plants comprehending the 
potato (S. tuberosum), egg plant (S. melongena), love-apple 
or tomato (S. lycoptrsicum), night-shade, &c. 

So'LAR, a. [Fr. solaire; L. Solaris.] 1. Pertaining to the 
sun ; as, the solar system ; or proceeding from it. — 2. In 
astrology, born under the predominant influence of the 
sun. — Dryden ; [obs.] 3. Measured by the progress of the 
sun, or by its revolution. — Solar flowers, those which ex- 
pand and close at particular hours of each day.— Solar 
cycle ; see Cycle, No. 3. — Solar system, the group of celes- 
tial bodies comprehending the sun, planets,' and comets. — 
Solar spots, spots of various sizes on the disk of the sun, 
which adhere to its body, and revolve with it. — Solar mi- 
croscope, a microscope in which the object is illuminated 
by the light of the sun concentrated upon it, and is made 
to form a highly-magnified image on a wall or screen in a 
dark room. — Olmsted. 

Sd'LAR n. A sollar ; a loft or upper chamber. — Gloss, of 
Archit. , 

SoLD, pret. and pp. of sell. 

ISoLD, n. [Norm, soudt,] Salary ; military pay. — Spenser. 

SOL'DAN, for sultan, not in use. — Milton. 

SOL'DA-NEL, n. [L. convolvulus soldanella.] A plant. 

* SOL'DER, v. t. [from L. solido, solidus.] To unite the 

surfaces of metals by the intervention of a more fusible 
metal or metallic cement. See Sodek. 

* SOL'DER, n. A metal or metallic composition for uniting 
the surfaces of metals ; a metallic cement. 

* SOL'DERED, pp. United, as metals, by a metallic cement. 

* SOL'DER-ING, ppr. Uniting, as metals, by a metallic ce- 
ment. 

* SOL'DER-ING, n. The process of uniting the surfaces of 
metals by means of a more fusible metal or a metallic 
cement 

SoLDIER > sol'jur ), n. [Fr. soldat ; Norm, soudeyer, sou- 
diers ; It. soldato ; Sp. soldado.] 1. A man engaged in 
military service ; one whose occupation is military ; a 
man enlisted for service in an army ; a private, or one in 
the ranks. 2. A man enrolled for service when on duty 
or embodied for military discipline ; a private.— 3. Emphat- 
ically, a brave warrior; a man of military experience and 
skill, or a man of distinguished valor. 

SoL'DIER'-LlKE, 1 a. Like or becoming a real soldier ; 

SoL'DIER-LY, 5 brave; martial; heroic; honorable. 

SoLT)IER-ESS, n. A female soldier. — Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

SoL'DlER-SHIP, n. Military qualities ; military character 
or state ; martial skill ; behavior becoming a soldier. 

SoL'DIER-Y (soTjur-e), n. 1. Soldiers collectively ; the 
body of military men. 2. Soldiership ; military service ; 
[obs.] 

SoLE, n. [Sax. sol ; D. zool ; G. sohle ; Dan. sole ; Fr. sole.] 

1. The bottom of the foot ; and, by a figure, the foot itself. 

2. The bottom of a shoe ; or the piece of leather which 
constitutes the bottom. 3. The part of any thing that 
forms the bottom, and on which it stands upon the ground. 
4. A marine fish, allied to the flounder and halibut. — 5. In 
ship-building, a sort of lining, used to prevent the wearing 
of any thing. 6. A sort of horn under a horse's hoof. 

SoLE, v. t. To furnish with a sole ; as, to sole a shoe. 
SOLE, a. [L. solus; Fr. seul; It, Sp. solo.] 1. Being or act- 

* See Synopsis, a. ¥., I, &c, long.— 



ing without another ; as, the sole occupant proprietor, or 
ruler. — 2. In law, single ; unmarried ; as, a femme-sole.— 
Syn. Single ; individual ; only ; alone ; solitary. 

S5LE'-LeATH-ER (-lefh-er), n. Thick, strong leather used 
for the soles of 6hoes. 

SOL'E-CISM, n. [Gr. oo>,oikicuos.] 1. Impropriety in Ian 
guage, or a gross deviation from the rules of syntax ; in 
congruity of words ; want of correspondence or consist 
ency. 2. Any unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety. 

SOL'E-CIST, n. [Gr. goKoikiotoS.] One who is guilty ©i 
impropriety in language. — Blackwall. 

SOL-E-CISTIC, I a. Incorrect; incongruous.— John 

SOL-E-CIST'IC-AL, $ son. 

SOL-E-CISTIC-AL-LY, adv. In a solecistic manner. 

SOL'E-ClZE, v. i. [Gr. oo\oikiK,u>.] To commit solecism 

S5L.ED (sold), pp. Furnished with a sole. 

SoLE'LY, adv. Singly ; alone ; only ; without another. 

SOL'EMN (sol'em), a. [Fr. solennel ; It solenne ; Sp. solem 
ne ; L. solennis.] 1. Anniversary ; observed once a yeai 
with religious ceremonies. — Johnson ; [doubtful or rare.] 

2. Marked with religious gravity, pomp, or sanctity ; at 
tended with religious rites ; as, solemn feasts. 3. Marked 
by devoutness or reverence to God ; as, solemn worship. 
4. Affecting with seriousness ; impressing or adapted to 
impress seriousness, gravity, or reverence ; as, a solemn 
silence. 5. Having or assuming the appearance of gravity ; 
as, a solemn countenance. 6. Enjoined by religion ; or 
attended with a serious appeal to God, as an oath. 7 
Marked with solemnities ; as, a solemn day. — Syn. Grave 
formal ; ritual ; ceremonial ; sober ; serious ; reverential 
devotional; devout. 

SOL'EM-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being solemn, 
reverential manner ; gravity. 2. Solemnity ; gravity of 
manner. — Wotton. 

SO-LEM'NI-TY, n. [Fr. solemnite.] 1. A rite or ceremony 
annually performed with religious reverence. — Pope. 2. 
A religious ceremony ; a ritual performance attended with 
religious reverence. 3. A ceremony adapted to impress 
awe. 4. Manner of acting awfully serious. 5. Gravity ; 
steady seriousness. 6. Affected gravity. 

SOL-EM-NI-ZI'TION, n. The act of solemnizing. 

SOL'EM-NlZE, v. t. [Fr. solemnUer ; It solemnizzare.] 1. 
To dignify or honor by ceremonies ; to celebrate. 2. To 
perform with ritual ceremonies and respect, or according 
to legal forms. 3. To perform religiously once a year. 4. 
To make grave, serious, and reverential ; as, to solemnize 
the mind for the duties of the sanctuary. — Wilberforce; 
[in this sense the word is occasionally used in England, ana 
to some extent by clergymen in the United States. — Ed.] 

SOL'EM-NlZ-ED, pp. Celebrated religiously ; made grave. 

SOL'EM-NlZ-ER, n. One who performs a solemn rite. 

SOL'EM-NiZ-ING, ppr. Honoring with sacred rites. 

SOL'EMN-LY, adv. 1. With gravity and religious rever 
ence. 2. With official formalities and by due authority 

3. With formal state. 4. With formal gravity and state 
liness, or with affected gravity. 5. With religious seri- 
ousness. 

SoLE'NESS, n. Singleness ; a state of being unconnected 
with others. — Bering. 

So'LEN-lTE, 7i. A petrified razor-shell or bivalve of the 
genus solen. 

SoL-Fa', v. i. To pronounce the notes of the gamut as 
cending or descending, as do (or ut), re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, 
do, and vice versa. 

SoL-Fi'ING, ppr. Pronouncing the notes of the gamut 

SOL-FA-Ta'RA, n. [from an Italian volcano near Naples.] 
A volcanic vent or area, from which sulphur, sulphureous, 
watery, and acid vapors and gases are emitted. — Lyell. 

SOL-FE&Gl-O, n. [It] In music, the system of arranging 
the scale by the names do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, by which 
_singing is taught. 

So'Ll. In music, pi. of Solo. 

SO-LICIT, v. t. [L. solicito ; Fr. soliciter ; It. sollecitare.] - 1. 
To ask with some degree of earnestness ; to make petition 
to ; to apply for obtaining something. This word implies 
earnestness in seeking, but I think less earnestness than 
beg, implore, entreat, and importune, and more than ask or 
request ; as when we say, a man solicits the minister for an 
office; he solicits his father for a favor. 2. To ask for 
with some degree of earnestness ; to seek by petition. 3. 
To awake or excite to action ; to summon ; to invite, as 
the eye.— Milton. 4. To attempt; to try to obtain, as 
pleasures. — Pope. 5. To disturb ; to disquiet ; as, to solid 1 
the thoughts. — Milton; [a Latinism, rarely used.] — Stn 
To ask ; request ; crave ; supplicate ; entreat ; beg ; be 
seech; implore; importune. 

SO-LIC'IT-ANT, n. One who solicits. 

SO-LIC-IT-A'TION, n. 1. Earnest request ; a seeking to ob- 
tain something from another with some degree of Zealand 
earnestness. 2. Excitement ; invitation ; as, solicitation oi 
the senses. Locke.— Syn. Request; asking; supplication 
entreaty; importunity. 

SO-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Earnestly requested. 



I, P., I, &c, short.-F AR, FALL, WHAT;-PREY;-MARlNE BIRD ;-MoVE, BQO^ 



SOL 



943 



SOIVi 



SOLICIT-IN G, ppr. Requesting with earnestness ; asking 

for ; attempting to obtain. 
SO-LIC'IT-OR, n. [Fr. solliciteur.] 1. One who asks with 
earnestness ; one who asks for another. 2. An attorney, 
advocate, or counselor at law who is authorized to prac- 
tice in the English Court of Chancery.— In America, an ad- 
vocate or counselor at law, who, like the attorney-general 
or state's-attorney, prosecutes actions for the state. 
SO-LIC'IT-OR-6EN'ER-AL, n. In Great Britain, an officer 
of the crown who is associated with the attorney- general 
in managing the legal business of the crown and public of- 
fices. — Brande. 
SO-LIC'IT-OUS, a. [L. solicitus.] 1. Careful ; anxious ; very 
desirous, as to obtain something. 2. Careful ; anxious ; 
concerned ; as respecting an unknown but interesting 
event. 3. Anxious ; concerned : followed by for, as when 
something is to be obtained. 
SO-LIC'IT-OUS-LY, adv. Anxiously; with care and concern. 
SO-LICTT-OUS-NE8S, n. Solicitude. 
SO-LIC'IT-RESS, n. A female who solicits or petitions. 
SO-LIC'I-TUDE, n. [L. solicitudo.] Uneasiness of mind.— 
' Syn. Carefulness ; concern ; anxiety ; care ; trouble. 
•SOLID, a. [L. solidus ; Fr. solide ; It, Sp. solido.] 1. Hav- 
ing its constituent particles so close or dense as to resist 
the impression or penetration of other bodies ; not liquid 
or fluid ; as, a solid substance. 2. Not hollow ; full of 
matter ; as, a solid cylinder. 3. Having all the geometrical 
dimensions ; cubic ; as, a solid foot or inch, &c. 4. Hav- 
ing firmness, compactness, or strength, as a walk 5. Sound ; 
not weakly. 6. Having reality, soundness, or validity ; not 
empty or fallacious ; as, solid arguments. 7. Having grav- 
ity or depth ; not fight, trifling, or superficial ; [applied to 
persons.]— 8. In botany, of a fleshy, uniform, undivided 
substance, as a bulb or root. — Solid angle, in geometry, that 
formed by three or more plane angles, not in the same 
plane, meeting in a point. — Solid problem, one which can be 
constructed geometrically only by the intersection of a 
circle and a conic section, or of two conic sections. Hut- 
ton. — Syn. Hard ; firm ; compact ; strong ; substantial ; 
stable ; sound ; real ; valid ; true ; just ; weighty ; pro- 
found; grave; important. 
SOLID, n. A firm, compact body. In anatomy, the solids 
are the bones, ligaments, membranes, muscles, nerves, ves- 
sels, &c, in distinction from the fluids. — In geometry, a sol- 
id is a magnitude which has length, breadth, and thickness. 
50LT-DATE, v. t. [L. solido.] To make solid or firm. [Rare.] 
30-LID-I-FI-C ITION, n. The act of making solid. 
'50-LID'I-Fl.ED, pp. Made solid. 
30-LID'I-FY, v. t. [L. solidus and facio.] To make solid or 

compact. 
SO-LIDl-Ft-ING, ppr. Making solid. 

50-LID'I-TY, n. [Fr. solidite ; L. soliditas.] 1. That quality 
of bodies which resists impression and penetration. 2. 
Fullness of matter. 3. Moral firmness, as opposed to 
what is weak or fallacious ; as, solidity of reasoning. — 4. 
In geometry, the solid contents of a body. — Syn. Firmness ; 
soberness ; hardness ; density ; compactness ; strength ; 
soundness ; validity ; certainty. 
SOL'ID-LY, adv. 1. Firmly ; densely ; compactly. 2. Firm- 
ly ; truly ; on firm grounds. — Digby. 
SOL'ID-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being firm, dense, or 
compact ; firmness ; compactness ; solidity. 2. Sound- 
ness; strength; truth; validity. 
SOL-ID -UN"GU-L ATE, n. [L. solidus and ungula.] One of 
a tribe of mammals having a single or solid hoof on each 
foot ; a soliped. 
SOL-ID-UN"GU-LOUS, a. [L. solidus and ungula.] Having 

hoofs that are whole or not cloven. — Barrow. 
SOL-I-FID'I-AN, n. [L. solus and fides.] One who main- 
tains that faith alone, without works, is necessary to justi- 
fication. 
SOL-I-FID'I-AN, a. Holding the tenets of Solifidians. 
SOL-I-FID'I-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Solifidians. 
SO-LIL'0-O.UlZE, v. i. To utter a soliloquy. 
SO-LIL'O-QUY, n. [Fr. soliloque ; It, Sp. soliloquio.] 1. A 
calking to one's self; a talking or discourse of a person 
alone, or not addressed to another person, even when 
others are present 2. A written composition, reciting 
what it is supposed a person speaks to himself. 
SOL'I-PED, n. [L. solus and pes.] A quadruped whose hoof 

is not cloven. — Brovm. 
SO-LIP'ED-OUS, a. Having hoofs which are not cloven. — 

Brande. 
SOL-I-T.XIRE' (sol-e-tare'), n. [Fr. solitaire.] 1. A person 
who fives in solitude ; a recluse ; a hermit 2. An orna- 
ment for the neck. 3. A game which one can play alone. 
SOL-I-TITJ-AN, n. A hermit.— Twisden. 
SOL'I-TA-RI-LY, adv. In solitude ; alone. 
50L1-TA-RI-NE3S, n. 1. The state of being alone ; for- 
bearance of company^ retirement or habitual retirement 
2. Solitude ; loneliness ; destitution of company or of an- 
imated beings. 
SOLI-TA-RY, a. [Fr. solitaire; L. solitarius.] 1. Living 



alone ; not having company. 2. Remote from society ; 
not having company, or not much frequented ; as, a soli- 
tary habitation. 3. Destitute of company : as, a solitary 
life. 4. Gloomy ; still ; dismal. 5. Single : as, a solitary 
case. — 6. In natural history, growing singly or separately ; 
one only in a place. — Syn. Sole ; only ; alone ; lonely ; re- 
tired , separate ; desolate ; desert. 
SOL1-TA-RY, n. One who fives alone or in solitude ; a 

hermit ; a recluse. — Pope. 
SOL/I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. solitudo.] 1. A state of being 
alone ; a lonely life. 2. Remoteness from society ; desti- 
tution of company. 3. A lonely place ; a desert Pope 
— Syn. Loneliness ; solitariness ; loneness ; retiredntss ; 
recluseness. 
SO-LIV'A-GANT, a. [L. solivagus.] Wandering alone, 
t SOI/LAR n. [Low L. solarium.] A garret or upper room, 
SOL-MI-ZI'TION, n. [from sol, mi.] A sol-faing ; a repeti- 
tion or recital of the notes of the gamut 
So'LO, n. [It] A tune, air, or strain to be played by a sin- 
gle instrument or sung by a single voice. 
SOL'O-MON'S LEAF, n. A plant. 

SOL'O-MON'S SEAL, n. The popular name of several 
plants belonging to the genera polygonatum, smilacvna, 
streptopus, &c. 
SOL'STlCE (-stis), n. [Fr. ; L. solstitium.] In astrorwmy, the 
time when the sun, in its annual revolution, arrives at that 
point in the ecliptic furthest north or south of the equator. 
The summer solstice occurs about the 22d of June ; the 
winter solstice about the 22d of December. — Olmsted. 
SOL-STl"TIAL (-stish'al), a. 1. Pertaining to a solstice ; as, 
solstitial points. 2. Happening at a solstice ; usually, with 
us, at the summer solstice or midsummer. 
SOL-U-BILl-TY, n. The quality of a body which renders 
it susceptible of solution ; susceptibility of being dissolved 
in a fluid. 
SOL'U-BLE, a. [L. solubilis.] Susceptible of being dissolv- 
ed in a fluid ; capable of solution. 
SOLtT-BLE-NESS, n. Solubility. 
Sq'LUND-GOOSE. See Solan-goose. 
So'LUS, a. [L.] Alone. 
SO-LuTE', a. [L. solntus.] 1. In a general sense, loose 

free ; [obs.] — 2. In botany, loose ; not adhering, 
t SO-LuTE', v. t. To dissolve.— Bacon. 
SO-LtJ'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. soluzione ; Sp. solucion.] 1. The 
act of separating the parts of any body ; disruption ; 
breach. 2. A feeble combination, in which, with a mere 
mechanical change of properties, and without regard to 
definite proportions, one or more solids are equally dif- 
fused through some liquid. 3. Resolution ; explanation ; 
the act of explaining or removing difficulty or doubt 4. 
Release ; deliverance ; discharge.— 5. In algebra and ge- 
ometry, the answering of a question, or the resolving of a 
problem proposed. — Solution of continuity, the separation 
of connection, or of connected substances or part3, as in 
surgery. — Buchanan. 
SOL'U-TiVE, a. Tending to dissolve ; loosening ; laxative. 
SOLV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Ability to pay all just debts.— Encyc. 
SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be solved, resolved, or ex- 
plained. 2. That can be paid. 
SOLV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Solvability. 

SOLVE (solv), v. t. [L. solvo ; Fr. soudre ; It. solvere.] 1 
Properly, to loosen or separate the parts of any thing . 
hence, to give an explanation of ; to untie an intellectual 
knot. 2. To do away ; to dissipate, as doubts. — Syn. To 
explain ; resolve ; unfold ; clear up ; remove. 
SOLVED, pp. Explained ; removed. 
SOLV'EN-CY, n. [L. solvens.] Ability to pay all debts. 
SOLV-END', n. A substance to be dissolved.— Kirwan. 
SOLVENT, a. 1. Having the power of dissolving. 2. Abk 

to pay all just debts. 3. Sufficient to pay all just debts. 
SOLVENT, n. A fluid that dissolves any substance, or in 

which a solution is effected ; also called menstruum. 
SOLVER, n. One who solves or explains. 
SOLVI-BLE, a. Solvable, which see. 
tSO-MATT€, \a. [Gr. ounaTiKos.] Corporeal ; pertain- 
t SO-MAT1C-AL, 5 ing to a body. 

So'MA-TIST, n. One who admits the existence of corpore- 
al or material beings only ; one who denies the existence 
of spiritual substances. — Glanville. 
SO-MA-TOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. cwjia and Aoyo?.] The doctrine 
of bodies or material substances. 

loM'BRE } a - i Fr - sombre -] DuU ; dusky; cloudy; gloomv 

I8SIIIIII}»- »-*—=«■—»- 

SOM'BROUS, a. Gloomy.— Stephens. 

SOM'BROUS-LY, adv. In a gloomy manner. 

SOM'BROUS-NESS, n. State of being sombrous. 

S6ME (sum), a. [Sax. sum, sume.] 1. Noting a certain quan- 
tity of a thing, but indeterminate ; a portion greater or less 
2. Noting a number of persons or things, greater or less ; 
but indeterminate. 3. Noting a person or thing, but not 
known, or not specific and definite. 4. Noting indctermin 



D6YE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VT'CIOUS.— G as K; 6 as J; SasZ; CHasSH; THasin this. + Obsolete. 



SON 



944 



SOO 



stely that a thing is not very great ; moderate ; as, the 
censure was, to some extent, just. 5. Sometimes before a 
■word of quantity or number, in the sense of about or not 
far from, without determining exactly or certainly ; as, 
" the number slain were some two thousand." — Bacon. 6. 
Some is often opposed to others. 7. Some is often used 
without a noun, and then, like other adjectives, is a sub- 
stitute for a noun. 8. Some is used as a termination of 
certain adjectives, as in handsome, lonesome. In these 
words some has primarily the sense of little, or a certain 
degree. 

90MF/BOD-Y (sum-), n. [some and body.] 1. A person un- 
known or uncertain ; a person indeterminate. 2. A per- 
son of consideration. 

t SOME'DeAL, adv. [some and deal] In some degree. 

SOME'HOW (sum-), adv. [some and how.] One way or oth- 
er ; in some way not yet known. 

SOM'ER-SAULT ? (sum'er-), n. [Sp. sobresalir.] A leap in 

SOM'ER-SET j which a person turns with his heels 
over his headand lights upon his feet. 

SOM'ER-VILL-lTE, n. A Vesuvian mineral occurring in 
pale dull yellow crystals, and related to Gehlenite.— -Dana. 

SOMETHING (sum-), n. 1. An indeterminate or unknown 
event. 2. A substance or material thing, unknown, inde- 
terminate, or not specified. 3. A part ; a portion more or 
less. 4. A little ; an indefinite quantity or degree. 5. Dis- 
tance not great. — 6. Something has been used adverbially 
for in some degree ; as, he was something discouraged ; but 
the use is not elegant. 

SOMETIME (sum-), [some and time.] 1. Once ; formerly, 
2. At one tune or other hereafter. [Sometime is really a 
compound noun.] 

SOMETIMES (sum-), [some and times.] 1. At times ; at in- 
tervals ; not always ; now and then. 2. At one time. 

SOME'WHAT (sumTiwot), n. 1. Something, though uncer- 
tain what. 2. More or less ; a certain quantity or degree, 
indeterminate. 3. A part, greater or less. 

SOME'WHAT, adv. In some degree or quantity. 

SOME' WHERE, adv. [some and where.] In some place, un- 
known or not specified ; in one place or another. 

f SOME'WHlLE, adv. [some and while.] Once ; for a time. 

SOME'WHITH-ER, adv. To some indeterminate place. 

SOM'MlTE. n. [from Mount Somma.] Nepheline, a mineral. 

SOM-NAM-BU-LITION, n. [L. somnus and ambulo.] The 
act of walking in sleep. — Beddoes. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LIC, a. Walking in 
somnambulism. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LISM 
sleep. — Darwin. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LIST, 
— Porteus. 

f SOM'NER, for summoner. 

SOM-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. somnifer.] Causing or inducing 
sleep ; soporific. 

SOM-NIF'IC, a. [L. somnus and facio.] Causing sleep; 
tending to induce sleep. 

SOM-NIL'O-QUIST, n. One who talks in his sleep. 

SOM-NIL'O-QUOUS, a. Apt to talk in sleep. 

SOM-NIL'O-QUY, In. [L. somnus and loquor.] A talking 

SOM-NIL'O-QUISM, 5 or speaking in sleep.— Coleridge. 

SOM-NIL'O-QUY, n. The talking of one in a state of som- 
nipathy. 

SOM-NIP'A-THIST, n. A person in a state of somnipathy. 

SOM-NIP'A-THY, n. [L. somnus, and Gr. nados.] Sleep 
from sympathy ; or from the process of mesmerism. 

SOM'NO-LENCE, ?ra. [Low L. somnolentia.] Sleepiness; 

SOM'NO-LEN-CY, j drowsiness ; inclination to sleep. 

SOM'NO-LENT, a. Sleepy ; drowsy ; inclined to sleep. 

SOM'NO-LENT-LY, adv. Drowsily. 

SON (sun), n. [Sax. sunu ; Goth, sunus ; G. sohn ; D. won ; 
Sw. son; Dan. s'On.] 1. A male child; the male issue of 
a parent, father or mother. 2. A male descendant, how- 
ever distant. 3. The compellation of an old man to a 
young one, or of a confessor to his penitent ; a term of 
affection. 4. A native or inhabitant of a country. 5. The 
produce of any thing. 6. One adopted into a family. 7. 
One who is converted by another's instrumentality is call- 
ed his son. — 8. Son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial. 
These are Hebraisms, denoting persons who possess these 
qualities or characteristics, as if by inheritance. 

SON-IN-LAW, n. A man married to one's daughter. 

* SO-Na'TA" n. [It.] A tune intended for an instrument 
only, as cantata is for the voice. 

!8n'sy>- Lu <*y 

SONG, 7 
that which is sung or uttered with musical modulations 
of the voice, whether of the human voice or that of a bird. 
2. A little poem to be sung, or uttered with musical mod- 
ulations. 3. A sacred poem to be sung either in joy or 
thanksgiving. 4. A poetical composition; as, "this an- 
cient song. 5. Poetry ; as, heroic song. 6. Notes of birds. 
7. A mere trifle. — Syn. Sonnet ; ballad ; canticle ; carol ; 



; pertaining to 
The act or practice of walking in 
A person who walks in his sleep. 



fortunate ; thriving. — Grose. 
[Sax. song; D. zang ; G. sang.] 1. In general, 



canzonet ; ditty ; hymn ; descant ; lay ; strain ; poesy , 
verse. 

SONG-EN-No r BLJED, a. Ennobled in song.— Coleridge. 

t SONG'ISH, a. Consisting of songs. — Dryden. 

SONG'STER, n. [song, and Sax. steora.] 1. One who sings • 
one skilled in singing ; not often applied to human beings, 
or only in slight contempt. 2. A bird that sings ; as, the 
little songster in his cage. 

SONG'STRESS, n. A female singer.— Thomson. 

SO-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sonus and fero.] That gives sound , 
sounding. — Derham. 

SON'NET, n. [Fr. ; It. sonetta ; Sp. soneta.] 1. A short poem 
of fourteen lines, two stanzas of four verses each, and two 
of three each, the rhymes being adjusted by a particular 
rule. 2. A short poem. 

SON'NET, v. i. To compose sonnets.— Bp. Hall. 

SON-NET-EER', n. [Fr. sonnetier.] A composer of sonnets 
or small poems ; a small poet ; [usually in contempt] 

SO-NOM'E-TER, n. [L. sonus, and Gr. nerpsw.] An instru- 
ment for measuring sounds or the intervals of sounds. 

SON-O-RIF'IC, a. [L. sonus and facio.] Producing sounds. 

SO-No'ROUS, a. [L. sonorus.] 1. Giving sound when 
struck. 2. Loud-sounding ; giving a clear or loud sound. 
3. Yielding sound. 4. High-sounding ; magnificent of 
sound. 

SO-No'ROUS-LY, adv. With sound ; with a high sound. 

SO-No'ROUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of yielding sound 
when struck, or coming in collision with another body. 

. 2. Having or giving a loud or clear sound. 3. Magnifi- 
cence of sound. 

SON'SHIP (sun-), n. 1. The state of being a son, or of hav- 
ing the relation of a son. 2. Filiation ; the character of a 



son. 
SOO-CHONG', n. 



See Souchong. 



SOO'DRA, ) n. The lowest of the four great castes among 

SOO'DER, ) the Hindoos : more properly Sudra. 

SOO'FEE, n. Among Mohammedans, a believer in Soofee- 
ism. 

SOO'FEE-ISM, n. A refined mysticism among certain class- 
es of Mohammedans, particularly in Persia, who reject the 
Koran and hold to a kind of pantheism. — Southgate. 

SOON, adv. [Sax. sona ; Goth, suns.] 1. In a short time , 
shortly after any time specified or supposed. 2. Without 
the usual delay ; before any time supposed. 3. Readily , 
willingly. — As soon as, so soon as, immediately at or after 
another event. — Syn. Early ; betimes ; quick ; quickly ; 
promptly; presently. 

t SOON, a. Speedy ; quick. 

t SOON'LY, adv. Quickly ; speedily. 

SOOP'BER-RY, n. A plant.— Miller. 



SOO-SHONG' 



A kind of black tea. 



* SoU-cHONG', . 

SOO'SOO, n. Among the Bengalese, the name of a ceta- 
ceous mammal with a long slender beak, found in the 
River Ganges. It is allied to the dolphins. 

*SOOT, n. [Sax., Sw. sot; Dan. sod, sood.] A black sub 
stance formed by combustion, rising in fine particles and 
adhering to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying 
the smoke. 

* SOOT, v. t. To cover or foul with soot. 

tS5TE E '5 a - Sweet SeeSwEET - 

SOOTED, pp. Covered or soiled with soot. — Mortimer. 

SOOTER-KIN, n. A kind of false birth fabled to be pro 
duced by the Dutch women from sitting over their stoves. 
— Swift. 

t SOOTH, n. [Sax. soth; It. seadh.] 1. Truth; reality. 2 
Prognostication. 3. Sweetness ; kindness. — Shak. 

t SOOTH, a. 1. Pleasing ; delightful. 2. True ; faithful. 

SOOTHE, v. t. [Sax. gesothian^ 1. To please with bland- 
ishments or soft words. 2. To relieve from or remove : 
to calm ; as, to soothe one's feelings ; to soothe pains ; [ap 
plied to persons or things.] 3. To gratify ; to please. 
Syn. To soften ; assuage ; allay ; compose ; mollify ; trau- 
quilize ; pacify ; mitigate. 

SOOTHED, pp. Flattered ; softened ; calmed ; pleased. 

SOOTHER, n. A flatterer ; he or that which softens or as 
suages. 

SOOTHING, ppr. or a. Flattering ; softening ; assuaging. 

SOOTHINGLY, adv. With flattery or soft words. 

T SOOTH'LY, adv. In truth ; really.— Hales. 

SOOTHSAY, v. i. [sooth and say.] To foretell ; to predfict 
[Little used.] 

SOOTH'SaY-ER, n. A foreteller; a prognosticator ; ona 
who undertakes to foretell future events without inspi 
ration. 

SOOTH'S IY-ING, n. 1. The foretelling of future events by 
persons without divine aid or authority, and thus^distin 
guished from prophecy. 2. A true saying ; truth ; [obs.] 

* SOOT'I-NESS, n. The quality of being sooty, or foul with 

soot; fuliginousness. 

* SOOT'ISH, a. Partaking of soot ; like soot.— Brown. 

* SOOTY, a. [Sax. sotig.] 1. Producing soot. 2. Consist 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, K, I, <fcc, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 






SOP 



945 



SOR 



tog of soot; fuliginous. — fVilkins 3. Foul with soot J. 
Black like soot ; dusky ; dark. 
* SOOTY, v. t. To black or foul with soot. — Chapman. 

SOP, n. [D., Sax. sop ; G. suppe ; Dan. suppe ; Sw. soppa ; 
Sp. sopa ; F. soupe.] 1. Any thing steeped or dipped and 
softened in liquor,' but chiefly something thus dipped in 
broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten. 2. Any 
thing given to pacify ; so called from the sop given to 
Cerberus, in mythology. — Sop-in-wine, a kind of pink. — 
Spenser. 

SOP, v. t. To steep or dip in liquor. 

SoPE, n. See Soap. 

SOPH, n. 1. In the University of Cambridge, England, an 
abbreviation of sophister. — 2. In the American colleges, an 
abbreviation of sophomore. 

So'PHl (so'fe), n. A title of the King of Persia.— Shak. See, 
also, Soft. 

t SOPH'I€-AL, a. [Gr. ooQos.] Teaching wisdom. 

SOPHISM, n. [Fr. sophisme ; L. sophisma ; Gr. ncxptc/Jia.] A 
specious but fallacious argument ; a subtilty in reasoning. 

SOPHIST, n. [L. sophista ; Fr. sophiste ; It. sofista.] 1. The 
name of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, 
and politics in ancient Greece, and who, by their use of 
vain subtleties and false axioms, drew upon themselves 
general hatred and contempt. 2. A captious or fallacious 
reasoner. 

SOPHIST-ER, n. [Gr. otxpicrriS.] 1. The same as sophist, 
which see ; [obs.] — 2. In the University of Cambridge, En- 
gland, the title of students who are advanced beyond the 
first year of their residence. The entire course at the 
university consists of three years and one term, during 
which the students have the titles of First- Year Men, or 
Freshmen ; Second- Year Men, or Junior Sophs or Soph- 
isters ; Third-Year Men, or Senior Sophs or Sophisters ; 
and, in the last term, Questionists, with reference to the 
approaching examination. In the older American col- 
leges, the junior and senior classes were originally called 
Junior Sophisters and Senior Sophisters. The term i3 
also used at Oxford and Dublin. 

f SOPH'IST-ER, v. t. To maintain by a fallacious argument. 
— Cobham. 

SO-PHISTIC, I a. [Fr. sophistique ; It. sofistico.] Falla- 

SO-PHIST'IC-AL, > ciously subtil ; not sound. 

SO-PHIST'IG-AL-LY, adv. With fallacious subtilty. 

SO-PHIST'I€-aTE, v. t. [Fr. sophistiqner ; Sp. sofisticar.] 1. 
To corrupt by something spurious or foreign ; to pervert. 
2. To render spurious, as wares, &c. — Syn. To adtilter- 
ate; debase; corrupt; vitiate. 

SO-PHISTTG-ATE, \ a. Adulterated ; not pure ; not gen- 

SO-PHISTIC-A-TED, 5 uine. 

SO-PHISTIC-A-TED, pp. Adulterated ; corrupted by some- 
thing spurious or foreign. 

SO-PHISTie-A-TING, ppr. Corrupting; adulterating. 

SO-PHIST-IC-XTION, n. The act of adulterating ; a coun- 
terfeiting or debasing the purity of something by a foreign 
admixture ; adulteration. 

SO-PHIST'IC-A-TOR, n. One who adulterates ; one who 
injures the purity and genuineness of any thing by for- 
eign admixture. 

SOPH'IST-RY, n. 1. Fallacious reasoning ; reasoning sound 
in appearance only. 2. Exercise in logic. 

SOPH'O-MORE, n. One belonging to the second of the four 
classes in an American college. [This word has general- 
ly been considered as an "American barbarism," but was 
prvbably introduced into our country, at a very early pe- 
riod, from the University of Cambridge, England. Among 
the cant terms at that university, as given in the Gradus 
ad Cantabiigiam, we find Soph-Mor as "the next dis- 
tinctive appellation to Freshman." It is added, that " a 
writer in the Gentlemen's Magazine thinks mor an abbre- 
viation of the Greek fxupta, introduced at a time when the 
Encomium Morice, the Praise of Folly, by Erasmus, was 
so generally used." The ordinary derivation of the word, 
from aocpoi and juwpos, would seem, therefore, to be incor- 
rect. The younger Sophs at Cambridge appear formerly 
to have received the adjunct mor (/xupos) to their names, 
either as one which they courted for the reason mention- 
ed above, or as one given them in sport, for the supposed 
exliibition of inflated feeling in entering on their new 
honors. The term, thus applied, seems to have passed at 
a very early period from Cambridge in England to Cam- 
bridge in America, as " the next distinctive appellation to 
Freshman," and thus to have been attached to the second 
of the four classes in our American colleges ; while it has 
now almost ceased to be known even as a cant word at 
the parent institution in England, from whence it came. 
This derivation of the word is rendered more probable 
by the fact, that the early spelling was, to a great extent 
at least, Sophi'more, as appears from the manuscripts of 
President Stiles, of Yale College, and the records of Har- 
vard College down to the period of the American Revolu- 
tion. This would be perfectly natural if Soph or Sophis- 
ter was considered as the basis of the word, but can hard- 



ly be explained if the ordinary derivation had then bees 
regarded as the true one. — Ed.] 

SOPH-O-MOR'IC-AL, a. Inflated in style or manner.— J. G 
Calhoun. [America.] 

f So'PITE, v. t. To lay asleep.— CAcync. 

t SO-PI"TION (-pish'un), n. [L. sopio, to lay asleep.] Sleep 

t SOP'O-RaTE, v. t. [L. soporo.] To lay asleep. 

SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. soporifer.) Causing sleep, or 
tending to produce it. — Syn. Somniferous ; narcotic ; opi- 
ate ; anodyne. 

SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS-LY, adv. So as to produce sleep. 

SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of causing sleep. 

SOP-O-RIF'IC, a. [L. sopor and/acz'o.] Causing sleep ; tend- 
ing to cause sleep. — Locke. 

SOP-0-RIF'I€, n. A medicine, drug, plant, or other thing 
that has the quality of inducing sleep. 

So'PO-ROUS, a. [L. soporus.] Causing sleep ; sleepy. 

SOPPED (sopt), pp. [from sop.] Dipped in liquid food. 

SOP'PER, n. One who sops or dips in liquor something to 
be eaten. — Johnson. 

SOP'PING, ppr. Steeping in liquid food. 

SO-PRX'NIST. n. A treble singer. 

SO-PRa'NO. [It.] In music, the treble ; the highest femal« 
voice. 

SORB, n. [Fr. sorbe.] The service-tree or its fruit. 

SOR'BATE, n. A compound of sorbic acid with a base. 

SOR-BE-Fa'CIENT (-fa'shent), n. [L. sorbeo, to absorb, and 
facio, to make.] In medicine, that which produces ab- 
sorption. 

SOR-BE-Fa'CIENT, a. In medicine, producing absorption. 

SORB'ENT. See Absorbent. 

SOR'BIC, a. Pertaining to the sorbus or service-tree.— 
Sorbic acid is malic acid, which see. 

tSOR'BILE, a. [L. sorbeo.] That may be drank or sipped. 

t SOR-Bi"TION (-bish'un), n. [L. sorbitio.] The act of drink ■ 
ing or sipping. 

SOR-BON'IC-AL, a. Belonging to a Sorbonist— Bale. 

SOR'BON-IST, 7i. A doctor of the Sorbonne or theological 
college, in the University of Paris, founded by Robert de 
Sorbonne, A.D. 1250. Sorbonne is properly the name of 
the building, from which the theological faculty are called 
Doctors of the Sorbonne. — Murdoch. 

SOR'CER-ER n. [Fr. sorcier.] An enchanter ; a magician 

SOR'CER-ESS, n. A female magician or enchantress. 

SOR'CER-OUS, a. Containing enchantments. 

SOR'CE-RY, n. Magic ; enchantment ; witchcraft ; divina- 
tion by the assistance of evil spirits. 

SoRD, for sward, is now vulgar. Sec Sward. 

SORD'A-WAL-TTE, n. A black mineral, containing silica, 
alumina, magnesia, and peroxyd of iroi? ; named from 
Sor da-vala, in Finland. — Nordenskiold. 

SOR'jOe^, n. [L.] Foul matter ; excretions : dregs ; filthy, 
useless or rejected matter of any kind. 

SOR'DET, }n. [Fr. sourdine ; It. s.rdina.] A small instru.- 

SOR'DiFS, 5 ment or damper in the mouth of a trumpet 
or on ihe bridge of a violin, to make it sound lower or 
fainter. — Encyc. Am. 

SOR'DID, a. [Fr. sordide ; It. sordido ; L. sordidus.] 1. 
Characterized by filth, or foulness, or grossness ; as,. 
" Charon, a sordid god ;" [little used.] 2. Characterized 
by meanness, baseness, or vulgarity ; as, sordid pursuits j. 
vulgar, sordid mortals. 3. Meanly avaricious. — Syn. 
Filthy ; foul ; dirty ; gross ; vile ; base ; avaricious ; covet 
ous ; niggardly. 

SOR'DID-LY, adv. Meanly ; basely ; covetously. 

SOR'DID-NESS.n. 1. Filthiness ; dirtiness.— Ray. 2. Mean- 
ness; baseness. 3. Niggardliness; avarice. 

SORDINE, n. See Sordet. 

SoRE, n. [Dan. saar ; D. ziceer.] 1. A place in an anima» 
body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so^ 
as to be pained with the slightest pressure. 2. An ulcer ; 
a boil.— 3. In Scripture, grief; affliction.— 2 Chron., vi. 

SoRE, a. [Sax. sar ; D. zecr ; G. sehr.] 1- Tender and sus- 
ceptible of pain from pressure. 2. Tender, as the mind ;. 
easily pained, grieved, or vexed ; very susceptible of irri- 
tation from any thing that crosses the inclination. 3. 
Affected with inflammation. 4. Violent with pain ; se- 
vere ; afflictive ; distressing. — Shak. 5. Severe ; violent 
6. Criminal ; evil ; [obs.] 

SoRE, adv. ] . With painful violence ; intensely ; severely ; 
grievously. 2. Greatly; violently; deeply. 

t SoRE, v. t. To wound ; to make sore.- Spenser. 

SoRE, n. [Fr. sor-falcon.] 1. A hawk of the first year.— 
Spenser. 2. [Fr. saur.] A buck of the fourth year. — Shak. 

SoRE'HON, \n. [Irish and Scottish.] A kind of servile 

SORN, S tenure which subjected the tenant zo main- 

tain his chieftain gratuitously, whenever he wished to in- 
dulge himself in a debauch. So that, when a person ob- 
trudes himself on another for bed and board, he is said to 
sorn, or be a sorncr. — Spenser. 

SOR'EL, n. [dim. of sore.] A buck of the third year. 

SoRE'LY, adv. 1. With violent pain and distress ; grie* 
ously ; greatly. 2. Greatly ; violently ; severely. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as 
O o o 



K; <J as J : SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SOR 



946 



SOU 



SoRE'NESS, n. 1, The tenderness of any part of an animal 
body, which renders it extremely susceptible of pain from 
pressure. — 2. Figuratively, tenderness of mind, or sus- 
ceptibility of mental pain. 

SORGO, n. A plant, of the genus sorghum. 

So'Rl, n.pl. See Sonus. 

SO-Ri'TeS, ti. [L.] In logic, an abridged form of stating a 
series of syllogisms, of which the conclusion of each is a 
premise of the succeeding one. Thus, A = B, Bz=C, 
C = D ; therefore, A = D. — Brande. 

SORNED, pp. Obtruded upon a friend for bed and board. 

SORN'ER, n. One who obtrudes himself upon another for 
bed and board. 

SO-ROR'I-CIDE, n. [L. soror and ctsdo.] The murder or 
murderer of a sister. [Rare.] 

\ SOR'RAgE, ti. The blades of green wheat or barley. — 
Diet. 

SOR'RANCE, n. In farriery, sny disease or sore in horses. 

SOR'REL, a. [Fr. saure, yellowisi-brown ; It sauro.) Of a 
reddish color. 

SOR'REL, n. A reddish color ; a faint red. 

SOR'REL, n. [Sax. sur, sour : Dan. syre.] A name of cer- 
tain plants, of the genus rumex, so named from their acid 
taste. [See, also, Wood-sorrel.] — Salt of sorrel, binoxa- 
late of potassa. — Brande. 

SOR'REL-TREE. n. A species of andromeda, whose leaves 
are sometimes used as a substitute for sumach, in dye- 
ing. 

SOR'RI-LY, adv. [from sorry.] Meanly ; despicably ; piti- 
ably ; in a wretched manner. — Sidney. 

SOR'RI-NESS, 7i. Meanness ; poorness ; despicableness. 

SOR'RoW, Ti. [Sax. sorg ; Goth, saurga ; Sw., Dan. sorg.] 
The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the 
loss of any good, real or supposed, or by disappointment 
in the expectation of good. — Syn. Affliction ; grief ; sad' 
ness ;_ mourning. 

SOR'RoW, v. i. [Sax. sarian, sargian, sorgian ; Goth, saur- 
gan.] To feel pain of mind ; to grieve ; to be sad. — Syn, 
To mourn ; weep ; lament. 

SOR'RoW-BLlGHT-ED, a. Blighted with sorrow.— Moore. 

SOR'Ro W-STRKJK-JEN, a. Struck with sorrow; de- 
pressed. 

f SOR'Ro WED, pp. Accompanied with sorrow. — Shak. 

SOR'RoW-FUL, a. 1. Grieving for the loss of some good, 
or on account of some expected evil. 2. Deeply serious ; 
depressed ; dejected. — 1 Sam., i. 3. Producing sorrow ; 
exciting grief. 4. Expressing grief; accompanied with 
grief. Shak. — Syn. Sad ; mournful ; dismal ; disconsolate ; 
drear ; dreary ; grievous ; lamentable ; doleful ; baleful ; 
distressing. 

SOR'Ro W-FUL-LY, adv. In a sorrowful manner; in a 
manner to produce grief. 

SOR'Ro W-FUL-NESS, n. State of being sorrowful ; grief. 

SOR'RoW-ING, ppr. or a. Feeling sorrow, grief, or regret. 

SOR'RoW-ING, n. Expression of sorrow. — Browne. 

SOR'RoW-LESS, a. Free from sorrow. 

SOR'RY, a. [Sax. sarig, sari.] 1. Grieved for the loss of 
some good; pained for some evil that has happened to 
one's self, or friends, or country. 2. Attended with rcis- 
fortune ; as, in sorry case. 3. Poor ; mean ; vile ; worth- 
less ; as, a sorry excuse. — Syn. Hurt ; afflicted ; mortified ; 
vexed ; chagrined ; melancholy ; dismal. 

SORT, Ti. [Fr. sorte; It sorta; Sp. suerte; Port, sorte; Ger. 
sorte ; Sw., Dan. sort ; L. sors.] 1. A kind or species ; 
any number or collection of individual persons or things 
characterized by the same or like qualities. 2. Manner ; 
form of being or acting. 3. Class or order. 4. Rank ; 
condition above the vulgar. — Shak. ; [obs.] 5. A company 
or knot of people ; [obs.] 6. Degree of any quality. 7. 
Lot; [obs.] 8. A pair; a set; a suit. — Out of sorts, out 
of order : hence, unwell.— Halliwell ; [low.] 
^ORT, v. t. 1. To separate, as things having like qualities 
from other things, and place them in distinct classes or 
divisions. 2. To reduce to order from a state of confu- 
sion. 3. To conjoin ; to put together in distribution. 4. 
To cull ; to choose from a number ; to select. 

.SORT, v. i. 1. To be joined with others of the same spe- 
cies. 2. To consort ; to associate. 3. To suit ; to fit. 4. 
[Fr. sortir.] To terminate ; to issue ; to have success ; 
[obs.] 5. To fall out ; [obs.) 

SORTA-BLE, a. 1. That may be sorted. 2. Suitable ; be- 
fitting. — Bacon. 

SORTA-BLY, adv. Suitably ; fitly. 

I SORTAL, a. Pertaining to or designating a sort. — Locke. 

SORTANCE, Ti. Suitableness ; agreement.— Shak. 
SORT'ED, pp. Separated and reduced to order from a 

state of confusion. 
SORTIE (sor'te), n. [Fr.] A sally ; an attack made by 
troops from a besieged place upon the besiegers. 

SORT'I-LEgE, Ti. [Fr. ; L. sortilegium.] The act or prac- 
tice of drawing lots ; divination by drawing lots. [Sorti- 
Lcgy is not used.] 
>'ORT-I-I,E'GlOUS, a. Pcrtainin? to sortilege. — Daubuz. 



SORTING, ppr. Separating, as things having like qualities 

from other things, and reducing to order. 
SOR-Ti"TION (sor-tish'un), n. [L. sortitio.] Selection or 

appointment by lot. — Bp. Hall. 
SORT'MENT, Ti. 1. The act of sorting ; distribution into 

classes or kinds. 2. A parcel sorted. 
So'RUS, 7i.; pi. Sori. [Gr. aupoS, a heap.] In botany, a 

name given to small clusters of minute capsules on th« 

_back of the fronds of ferns. 
So'RY, Ti. The ancient name of sulphate of iron. — Ure. 
t SOSS, v. i. [Ger. sausen.] To fall at once into a chair ut 

seat ; to sit lazily. — Swift. 
t SOSS, Ti. A lazy fellow. 
SOS-TE-NU'TO. [It] In music, sustaining the sounds to 

the utmost of the nominal value of the time. 
SOT, Ti. [Fr. sot; Arm. sodt; Sp. zote, zota; Port, zoic] 1 

A stupid person ; a blockhead ; a dull fellow ; a dolt. 2 

A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual 

drunkard. 
SOT, v. t. To stupefy ; to infatuate ; to besot. [Little used.] 
SOT.tj. i. To tipple to stupidity. [Little used.] 
SO-Te-RI-OL'O-GY, ?i. [Gr. ournpios and Aoyoj.] A dis- 
course on health, or the science of promoting health. 
SOTHTC YeAR, n. The Egyptian year of 365 days, 6 

hours ; so called from Sothis, the dog-star. 
SOTTISH, a. 1. Destitute of sense; very foolish.— Swift. 

2. Dull with intemperance. — Syn. Dull ; stupid ; sense 

less ; doltish ; infatuate. 
SOT'TISH-LY, adv. Stupidly ; senselessly ; without reason 
SOTTISH-NESS, ti. 1. Dullness in the exercise of reason ; 

stupidity. 2. Stupidity from intoxication. 
SOT'TO Vo'CE (-vo'cha). [It] In music, with a restrained 

voice or moderate tone. 
SoU (soo), 7i. ; pi. Sous. [Fr. sou, sol.] A French money of 

account, and a copper coin, in value the twentieth part of 

a livre, or of a franc. [The singular is often spelled sous.] 
SoU'BAH. See Subah. 
SOUCE. See Souse. 

SOcShON^' } n - A kind of black tea. 

t SOUGH (suff), v. i. [Teut soeffen.] To whistle.— -flirt, of 
the Royal Society. [Applied to the wind.] 

SOUGH (suf ), n. A small drain ; an adit.— Buchanan. 2. 
(pro. sow.) A hollow murmur or roaring ; a buzzing ; as, 
a sough in the ears. — Ben Jonson. — Halliwell. 

SOUGHT (sawt), pret. and. pp. of seek. 

SoUL (sole), ti. [Sax. sawel, sawl, or saul; G. seele; D. ziel; 
Dan. siel.) 1. The spiritual, rational, and immortal sub- 
stance in man, which distinguishes him from brutes ; that 
part of man which enables him to think and reason, and 
which renders him a subject of moral government. 2. The 
understanding ; the intellectual principle. 3. Vital prin- 
ciple. 4. Essence ; chief part ; as, the soul of eloquence. 
5. Animating principle or part ; as, the soul of the enter- 
prise. 6. Internal power. 7. A human being ; a person. 
8. Animal life. 9. Active power. 10. Energy or grandeur 
of mind. 11. Generosity ; nobleness of mind ; [a collo 
quial use.] 12. An intelligent being. 13. Heart ; affec 
lion. — 14. 'In Scripture, appetite. — Prov., xxvii. 15. A fa- 
miliar compellation of a person, but often expressing 
some qualities of the mind ; as, he was a good soul 
Syn. Spirit ; life ; courage ; fire ; ardor. 

t SoUL, v. t. To endue with a soul.— Chaucer. 

t SoUL, \ v. i. [Sax. .sufi, sufel] To afford suitable suste 

t So WL, 5 nance. 

SoUL'-BELL, n. The passing bell.— Hall. 

SoUL'-BE-TRaYTNG, a. Tending to betray the soul. 

SoUL'-GaLM-ING, a. Tranquilizing the soul. — Lee. 

SoUL'-DE-STROYlNG, a. Pernicious to the soul. 

tSoUL'-DIS-EA&ED' (-diz-eezd'), a. Diseased in soul oi 
mind. — Spenser. 

SoUL'-EN-TRa'NC'ING, a. Enrapturing the soul.— CoU- 
ridge. 

SoUL'-FELT, a. Deeply felt. 

SoUL'-HXRD'.EN.ED, a, Having an obdurate heart- 
Coleridge. 

SoUL'-SCOT, \n. [soul and scot.] A funeral duty, o> 

SoUL'-SHOT, S money paid by the Roman Catholics, in 
former times, for a requiem for the soul. 

SoUL'-SEARCH-ING, a. Searching the soul or heart 

SoUL'-SELL-ING, a. Selling persons ; dealing in the pur- 
chase ani Bale of human beings. — J. Barlow. 

S5UL'-SI€K, a. [soul and sick.] Diseased in mind or soul 
morally diseased. — Hall. 

SoUL'-STiR-RING, a. Exciting the soul.— E. Everett. 

SoUL'-SUB-DuTNG, a. Subduing the soul. 

SoUL£D, a. Instinct with soul or feeling— Dry den. 

SoUL'LESS, a. Without a soul, or without greatne&s o> 
nobleness of mind ; mean ; spiritless. — Shak. 

SOUND, a, [Sax. sund ; D. gezond ; Ger. gesund; Dan., Sw 
sund.] 1. Entire ; unbroken ; not shaky, split or defec 
tive. 2. Undecayed ; whole ; perfect or not defective* 
3. Unbroken ; not bruised or defective ; not lacerated or 



See S$mop«>. I, ft, 1, &c:, l-ong.—X, £, %, &c, short.— TAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE. BIRD:— MOVE, BOOK, 



sou 



947 



SOU 



decayed. 4. Not carious ; not decaying. 5. Not broken 
or decayed ; not defective. 6. Whole ; entire ; unhurt ; 
anmutilated. 7. Healthy ; not diseased ; not being in a 
morbid state ; having all the organs complete and in per- 
fect action. 8. Founded in truth ; firm ; strong ; valid ; 
solid ; that can not be overthrown or refuted. 9. Right ; 
correct ; well-founded ; free from error ; orthodox. — 2 
Tim., L 10. Heavy ; laid on with force. 11. Founded in 
right and law ; legal ; valid ; not defective ; that can not 
be overthrown. 12. Fast ; profound ; unbroken ; undis- 
turbed. 13. Perfect, as intellect; not broken or defect- 
ive ; not enfeebled by age or accident ; not wild or wan- 
dering ; not deranged. — Sound currency, in commerce, a 
currency whose actual value is the same as its nominal, 
and, if in bank-notes or other substitute for gold and sil- 
ver, a currency that is at any time convertible into gold 
and silver. 

SOUND, adv. Soundly ; heartily. — Spenser. 

SOUND, n. The air-bladder of a fish. 

SOUND, n. [Sax. sund ; Sw., Dan. sund.] A narrow pass- 
age of water, or a strait between the main land and an 
isle ; or a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea 
or lake with the ocean. 

SOUND, n. [Fr. sonde; Sp. sonda.] An instrument which 
surgeons introduce into the bladder, in order to discover 
whether there is a stone in that viscus or not. 

SOUND, v. t. [Sp. sondar or sondear ; Fr. sonder.] 1. To 
try, as the depth cf water and the quality of the ground, 
by sinking a plummci or lead ; to ascertain the depth of 
water. 2. To introduce a sound into the bladder of a pa- 
tient, in order to ascertain whether a stone is there or not 

3. To try ; to examine ; to discover or endeavor to dis- 
cover that which lies concealed in another's breast 

SOUND, v. i. To use the line and lead in searching the 
depth of water. 

SOUND, it. The cutile-fish.—Ainsworth. 

SOUND, n. [Sax. son ; W. swn ; Ir. soin ; Fr. son ; It. suono ; 
Sp. son; L. sonus.] 1. Noise; report; the object of hear- 
ing ; that which strikes the ear. 2. A vibration of air, 
caused by a collision of bodies or other means, sufficient 
to affect the auditory nerves when perfect. 3. Noise 
without signification; empty noise; noise and nothing else. 

SOUND, v. i. 1. To make a noise ; to utter a voice ; to 
make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs of 
hearing with a particular effect 2. To exhibit by sound 
or likeness of sound. 3. To be conveyed in sound ; to be 
spread or published. 

SOUND, v. t. 1. To cause to make a noise. 2. To utter 
audibly ; as, to sound a note with the voice. 3. To play 
on. 4. To order or direct by a sound ; to give a signal 
for, by a certain sound. 5. To celebrate or honor by 
sounds ; to cause to be reported. 6. To spread by sound 
or report ; to publish or proclaim. 

SOUND'-BoARD, in. 1. A thin board, which propa- 

SOUNDTNG-BoARD, J gates the sound in an organ, vio- 
lin, or other musical instrument 2. A board or structure 
with a flat surface, suspended over a pulpit to prevent the 
sound of the preacher's voice from ascending, and thus 
propagating it further in a horizontal direction. 

SOUND'-HeAD-ED (-hed-ed), a. Having sound principles. 

SOUND'-HEaRT-ED (-hart-ed), a. Having a sound heart 
or affections. 

SOUND'ED. pp. 1. Caused to make a noise ; uttered audi- 
bly. 2. Explored; examined. 

SOUNDING, ppr. 1. Causing to sound ; uttering audibly. 
2. Trying the depth of water by the plummet ; examining 
the intention or will. 3. a. Sonorous ; making a noise. 

4. Having a magnificent sound. 

SOUNDING, 7i. 1. The act of uttering noise ; the act of en- 
deavoring to discover the opinion or desires ; the act of 
throwing the lead. — 2. In surgery, the operation of intro- 
ducing the sound into the bladder. 

SOUNDTNG-BoARD. See Sound-board. 

SOUND'ING-ROD, n. A rod or piece of iron, used to ascer- 
tain the depth of water in a ship's hold. 

SOUNDTNG-PoST, n. A small post in a violin and violin- 
cello, set under the bridge for a support and for propaga- 
ting the sound to the back of the instrument 

SOUNDTNGS, n. pi. 1. Any place or part of the ocean 
where a deep sounding line will reach the bottom. 2. 
The quality of the ground brought up by the sounding 
.ead, and the depth of water. — Totten. 

SOUNDLESS, a. That can not be fathomed ; having no 
sound. 

SOUND'LY, adv. 1. Healthily ; heartily. 2. Severely ; lust- 
ily ; with heavy blows ; smartly.' 3. Truly ; without fal- 
lacy or error. 4. Firmly. — Bacon. 5. Fast ; closely ; so 
as not to be easily awakened. 

SOUNDNESS, n. 1. Wholeness ; entireness ; an unbroken, 
unimpaired, or undecayed state. 2. An unimpaired state 
of an animal or vegetable body ; a state in which the or- 
gans are entire, and regularly perform their functions. 
3. The state of being firm, strong, or solid ; as, soundness 



of argument, &c. 4. Freedom from error or fallacy , or- 
thodoxy. — Syn. Firmness ; strength ; solidity ; healthi- 
ness ; truth ; rectitude. 

S5UP (soop), n. [Fr. soupe ; Sp. sopa ; Ger. suppe ; D. soep.] 
Broth ; a decoction of flesh for food, seasoned more or 
less highly. 

t SOUP, v. t. To sup ; to breathe out— Wicliffe. 

t SOUP, v. t. To sweep. See Sweep and Swoop. 

SOUR a. [Sax. sur, surig ; Ger. sauer; D. zuur; Sw. sur ; 
Dan. suur ; Fr. sur, sure.] 1. Having a pungent taste ; 
sharp to the taste. 2. Acid and austere or astringent aa 
fruits. 3. Harsh of temper or disposition. 4. Afflictive ; 
[obs.] 5. Expressing discontent or peevishness. 6. Harsh 
to the feelings ; cold and damp. 7. Rancid ; musty. 8. 
Turned, as milk coagulated. — Syn. Acid ; sharp ; tart ; 
acetous ; acetose ; harsh ; acrimonious ; crabbed ; dogged ; 
currish; peevish. 

SOUR, n. A sour or acid substance. 

SOUR v. t. 1. To make acid; to cause to have a sharp 
taste. 2. To make harsh, cold, or unkindly. 3. To make 
harsh in temper ; to make cross, crabbed, peevish, or dis- 
contented. 4. To make uneasy or les3 agreeable. — 5. In 
rural economy, to macerate, as lime, and render fit for 
plaster or mortar. 

SOUR v. i. 1. To become acid ; to acquire the quality of 
tartness or pungency to the taste. 2. To become peevish 
or crabbed. 

SOUR'-CROUT, I n. [Ger. sauer-kraut, i. e., sour-cabbage.] 

SOUR'-KROUT. I Cabbage cut fine, pressed into a cask, 
and suffered to ferment until it becomes sour. 

SOUR'-DO€K, n. Sorrel, so called. 

SOUR'-GoURD, n. An evergreen tree, of the genus adan- 
sonia. which yields a fruit resembling a gourd. See Adan- 
sonia. 

SOUR'-SOP, n, A small evergreen tree of the West Indies, 
bearing a large, succulent fruit. It i3 closely allied to the 
custard-apple. 

SOURCE, n. [Fr. source.] 1. Properly, the spring or fount- 
ain from which a stream of water proceeds ; or any col- 
lection of water within the earth or upon its surface, in 
which a stream orginates. 2. First cause ; original ; that 
which gives rise to any thing. 3. The first producer ; he 
or that which originates. 

SoURDET, n. [Fr. sourdine, from sourd, deaf.] The Utile 
pipe of a trumpet 

SOUR.E D, pp. Made sour ; made peevish. 

SOURTNG, ppr. Making acid ; becoming sour ; making 
peevish. 

SOURING, n. That which makes acid. 

SOURISH, a. Somewhat sour ; moderately acid. 

SOURLY, adv. 1. With acidity. 2. With peevishness 
with acrimony. 3. Discontentedly. 

SOUR'NESS, n. 1. Acidity; sharpness to the taste; tart- 
ness. 2. Asperity ; harshness of temper. 

* SoUS (soo), n. ; pi. of Sou or Sol. See Sou. 

SOUSE, n. [Ir. sousgeach.] 1. Pickle made with salt 2 
Something kept or steeped in pickle. 3. The ears, feet, 
&.C., of swine, pickled. 

SOUSE, v. t. [Ger. sausen.] 1. To steep in pickle. 2. To 
plunge into water. 

SOUSE, v. i. To fall suddenly on ; to rush with speed, as a 
hawk on its prey. — Dryden. 

SOUSE, v. t. To strike with sudden violence. — Shak. 

SOUSE, adv. With sudden violence. [Vulgar.] 

SOUS.ED (soust), pp. 1. Steeped in pickle. 2. Plunged into 
water. 

t SoUTER (soofer), n. [Sax. sutere ; L. sutor.] A shoe 
maker ; a cobbler. — Chaucer. 

t SoUT'ER-LY, adv. Like a cobbler. 

SoUT'ER-RaIN, n. [Fr. ; that is, sub-terrain.] A grotto or 
cavern under ground. — Arbuthnot. [Not English.] 

SOUTH, n. [Sax. suth ; G. sud ; Dan. sud ; Fr. sud.] 1. One 
of the four cardinal points of the compass. The north 
and south are opposite points in the horizon, each ninety 
degrees, or the quarter of a great circle, distant from the 
east and west — 2. In a less exact sense, any point or place 
on the earth or in the heavens which is near the meridian 
toward the right hand as one faces the east 3. A south- 
ern region, country, or place. 4. The wind that blows 
from the south.— Shak. ; [obs.] 

SOUTH, a. 1. In any place north of the tropic of Cancer, 
pertaining to or lying in the meridian toward the sun. 2 
Being in a southern direction. 

SOUTH, adv. Toward the south ; as, a ship sails south. 

SOUTH-COTTI-AN, n. A follower of Joanna Southcott, a 
fanatical female, who made a great noise in England at the 
close of the last and beginning of the present century. 

* SOUTH-EAST, n. The point of the compass equally dis- 
tant from the south and east — Bacon. 

SOUTH-EAST', a. In the direction of southeast or coming 

from the southeast ; as, a southeast wind. 
SOUTH-EASTERLY, a. 1. In the direction of southeast, 

or nearly so. 2. From the southeast as wind. 



1) WE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH M is Ais. t QbtoUte- 



SOY 



948 



SPA 



SOUTH-EASTERN, a. Toward the southeast. 

* SOUTH'ER-LY (sufh'er-ly), a. 1. Lying at the south, or 
in a direction nearly south. 2. Coming from the south, or 
a point nearly south. 

* SOUTHERN (suth'ern), a. [Sax. suth and ern.] 1. Be- 

longing to the south, meridional. 2. Lying toward the 
south. 3. Coming from the south. 

* SOUTHERN-WOOD (sufh'ern-wood), n. A plant nearly 
allied to the wormwood. — Miller. 

SOUTH'ERN-ER (sufh'ern-er), n. An inhabitant or native 
of the South or Southern States. 

* S6l)TH'ERN-LY (sufh'ern-ly), adv. Toward the south. 

* SOUTH'ERN-MoST (sufh'ern-inost), a. Furthest toward 

the south. 

SOUTH'ING, a. Going toward the south.— Dryden. 

SOUTHING, n. 1. Tendency or motion to the south.— 2. 
The southing of the moon, the time at which the moon 
passes the meridian. 3. Course or distance south ; the 
difference of latitude made by a vessel to the southward. 

SOUTH'MoST, a. Furthest toward the south. 

SOUTHRON (suth'-), n. An inhabitant of the more south- 
ern part of a country. — Walter Scott. 

IoutSIy'-erJ^ 80 ---- 

♦SOUTHWARD (sufh'ard), adv. Toward the south. 

* SOUTHWARD (sufh'ard), n. The southern regions or 

countries. — Raleigh. 

SOUTH-WEST', n. The point of the compass equally dis- 
tant from the south and west. — Bacon. 

SOUTH-WEST, a. 1. Lying in the direction of the south- 
west. 2. Coming from the southwest. 

SOUTH-WESTER-LY, a. 1. In the direction of southwest, 
or nearly so. 2. Coming from the southwest, or a point 
near it. 

SOUTH-WESTERN, a. In the direction of southwest. 

\ SoUV'E-NANCE, n. [Fr.J Remembrance.— Spenser. 

SOUV'E-NiR 'soov'e-neer), n. [Fr.] A remembrancer. 

SOV'ER-EIGN (suv'er-in), a. [Fr. souverain ; It. sovrano ; 
Sp., Port, soberano, from L. supernus, super. The early 
authors, Chaucer, &c, wrote this word soverain, souoer- 
eyn, which were more accordant with the etymology than 
the modern spelling.] 1. Supreme in power; possessing 
supreme dominion. 2. Supreme ; superior to all others ; 
chief. 3. Supremely efficacious ; superior to all others ; 
predominant ; effectual. 4. Supreme ; pertaining to the 
first magistrate of a nation. 

S6VER-EIGN (suv'er-in), n. 1. A supreme lord or ruler ; 
one who possesses the highest authority without control. 
2. A supreme magistrate. 3. A gold coin of England, value 
20s., or £1 sterling. — Syn. rung ; prince ; monarch ; po- 
tentate; emperor. 

' S6VER-EIGN-IZE (suv'er-in-Ize), v. i. To exercise su- 
preme authority. — Herbert. 

SOV'ER-EIGN-LY (suv'er-in-ly), adv. Supremely; in the 
highest degree. — Boyle. [Little used.] 

SOV'ER-EIGN-TY (suv'er-in-ty), n. Supreme power; su- 
premacy; the possession of the highest power, or of un- 
controllable power. 

SOW, n. [Sax. suga ; G. sau.] 1. The female of the bog 
kind or of swine. 2. An oblong piece of lead. 3. As. in- 
sect ; a milleped. 

BOW, v. t. ; pret. sowed ; pp. sowed or sown. [Sax. smav. ; 
G. saen ; Dan. saaer.] 1. To scatter on ground, for the 
purpose of growth and the production of a crop. 2. To 
scatter seed over for growth. 3. To spread or to origin- 
ate ; to propagate. 4. To supply or stock with seed. 5. 
To scatter over ; to besprinkle. 

B5W, v. i. To scatter seed for growth and the production 
of a crop. 

95W, for sew, is not in use. See Sew. 

SOW'-BRE AD (-bred), n. A tuberous-rooted plant of the ge- 
nus cyclamen, on which wild swine in Italy feed. — Loudon. 

SOW'-BUG, n. An isopodous, crustaceous animal ; a mille- 
ped. 

fiOW'-THIS-TLE (-thisl), n. A plant of the genus sonchus, 
said to be eaten by swine and some other animals. — Lou- 
don. 

SOW'ANS, ? n. pi. Flummery made from the husk of the 

80WENS, 5 oat, somewhat soured ; a Scottish dish. — Bu- 
chanan. 

SOWCE, for souse. See Souse. 

80W.ED (sode), pp. Scattered on ground, as seed. 

80WER, n. 1. He who scatters seed for propagation. 2. 
One who scatters or spreads. 3. A breeder; a promoter. 

SOWING, ppr. Scattering, as seed ; sprinkling with seed. 

SOWING, n. The act of scattering seed for propagation. 

SOWINS, n. pi. See Sowans. 

SOWL, v. t. To pull by the ears.—Shak. 

S5WN, pp. Scattered, as seed ; sprinkled with seed. 

4 S5WNE, v. i. To swoon — Minsheu. 

SOY, n. A sauce for fish, brought chiefly from Japan, and 
prepared from the seeds of a plant, the soja hispida. — 
Tully. 



SOZ'ZLE, n. A sluttish woman, or one who spills water 
and other liquids carelessly. [New England.] 

SPA, n. A general name for springs of mineral water, from 
a place of this name in Germany. 

f SPA AD (spad), n. [Sp. espato.] A kind of mineral ; spai. 

SPaCE, n. [Fr. espace ; Sp. espacio ; It. spazio ; L. spatium.] 
1. Room ; extension, as in length, breadth, thickness, ex- 
tent. 2. Any quantity of extension. 3. The distance or 
interval between lines, as in books. 4. Quantity cf time , 
also, the interval between two points of time. 5. A short 
time ; a while ; [rare.] 

t SPaCE, v. i. To rove.— Spenser. 

SPaCE, v. t. Among printers, to make spaces or wider in 
tervals between words or fines. 

SPa.C£D (spast), pp. Divided into wider intervals between 
lines. 

t SPaCE'FUL, a. Wide ; extensive.— Sandys. 

SPACING, ppr. Making wider intervals between lines. 

SPa'CIOUS (-shus), a. [Fr. spacieux ; Sp. spatioso ; It. spa- 
zioso ; L. spatiosus.] 1. Having large or ample room ; not 
narrow, as a church. 2. Vast in extent ; as, the spacious 
earth. — Syn. Wide ; extensive ; ample ; capacious ; roomy. 

SPa'CIOUS-LY. adv. Widely ; extensively. 

SPa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Wideness ; largeness of extent; 
roominess. 2. Extensiveness ; vastness of extent. 

SPAD'DLE, n. [dim. of spade.] A little spade. 

SPaDE, n. [Sax. spad, spada ; G. spaten ; D. spaadc ; Dan., 
Sw. spade.] 1. An instrument for digging or cutting the 
ground, consisting of a broad and nearly rectangular blade 
of iron with a handle. 2. A suit of cards. 3. A deer three 
years old ; written, also, spaid. 4. [L. spado.] A gelded 
beast. 

SPaDE, v. t. To dig with a spade, or to pare off the sward 
cf land with a spade. 

SPADE'-BuNE, n. [spade and bone.] The shoulder-blade. 

SPaDE FUL, n. As much as a spade will hold. 

SPA-DI"CEOUS (-dish'us), a. [L. spadiceus.] 1. Of a light 
red color, usually denominated bay. — 2. In botany, resem- 
bling a spadix, or bearing that kind of inflorescence. — P. 
Cyc. 

SPA-DILLE' (spa-dilO, n, [Fr.] The ace of spades at ombre. 

SPaD'ING, ppr. Digging with a spade. 

SPa'DIX, n. [L.] In botany, the receptacle in palms and 
some other plants, proceeding from a spatha. 

SPa'DO, n. [L.] A gelding.— Brown. 

SPA-DROON', n. A cut and thrust sword, lighter than a 
broadsword.— Smart. 

t SPA-gYRTG, a. [L. spagyricus.] Chemical. 

t SPA-gYR'IG, n. A chemist.— Hall. 

t SPAG'YR-IST, n. A chemist.— Boyle. 

SPa'HEE, In. [Turk, sipahi ; Pers. sipahee.] A name given 

SP A'HI, 5 to a P art °f the Turkish cavalry. The spahis 
were disbanded with the janizaries^ 

SPAKE, pret. of speak ; nearly obsolete ; now spoke. 

SPALL, n. [Fr. epaule ; It. spalla.] 1. The shoulder.— Fair- 
fax; [not English.] 2. A chip ; [obs.] 

SPALT, \ n. A whitish, scaly mineral, used to promote the 

SPELT, 5 fusion of metals.— Bailey. 

SPALT, a. [Dan. spalt, a split ; G. spalten, to split.] Brittle ; 
liable to break or split. — Haliiwell. 

SPAN, n. [Sax., D. span; G. spanne.] 1. The 6pace from 
the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when 
extended ; nine inches ; the eighth of a fathom. 2. A 
short space of time. — 3. In architecture, the spread or ex- 
tent of an arch between its abutments.— 4. A span of horses 
consists of two, usually of about the same color, and other- 
wise nearly alike, which are generally harnessed side by 
side. The word signifies properly the same as yoke, when 
applied to horned cattle, from buckling or fastening together. 
— 5. In seamen's language, a rope secured at both ends to 
any object, the purchase being hooked to the bight. — 
Totten. 

SPAN, v. t. 1. To measure by the hand with the fingers ex- 
tended, or with the fingers encompassing the object. 2. 
To measure, or reach from one side of to the other ; as, 
to span the heavens. 

SPAN, v. i. To agree in color, or in color and size ; as, the 
horses span well. [New England.] 

t SPAN, pret. of spin. We now use spun. 

SPAN'-LONG, a. Of the length of a span.— Ben Jonson. 

SPAN'-NEW (-nu), a. [G. spannen.] Quite new. 

SPAN'-ROOF, 71. A common roof, having eaves on two 
sides. — Gwilt. 

SPAN'-WoRM, n. Another name for the canker-worm, ol 
various species (which see) ; so called from its peculiai 
mode of progression. 

SPAN'CEL, n. A rope to tie a cow's hind legs.— Grose 
[Local.] 

SPAN'CEL, v. t. To tie the legs of a horse or cow with a 
rope. — Malone. [Local.] 

SPAN'CEL-ING, ppr. Tying a cow's hind legs. 

SPAN'€OUN-TER, \ n. A play at which money is thrown 

SPAN'FiR-THING, 3 within a span or circuit marked. 



See Synopsis I, f, T &c, long.—l, e, % &c, short.— FAR FALL WHAT ;— PREY :— MARINE. BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



SPA 



949 



SPA 



SPANDREL, n. The irregular triangular space between 
the curve of an arch and the rectangle inclosing it 

tSPANE, v. t. [D. speenen.} To wean. 

\ SPANG, n. [D. spange.\ A spangle or shining ornament ; 
a thin piece of metal or other shining material. 

SPAN"GLE (spang'gl), n. 1. A small plate or boss of shining 
metal ; something brilliant used as an ornament. 2. Any 
little thing sparkling and brilliant like pieces of metal, as 
crystals of ice. 

SPAN"GLE, v. t. To set or sprinkle with spangles ; to adorn 
with small, distinct, brilliant bodies. 

BPAN"GL£D (spang'gld), pp. or a. Set with spangles. 

SPAN"GLER, n. One who spangles. — Keates. 

3PAN"GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles. 

* SPANIEL (span'yei), n. [Fr. epagneul] 1. A dog used in 

sports of the field, remarkable for his sagacity and obe- 
dience. 2. A mean, cringing, fawning person. 
4 SPANIEL (span'yei), a. Like a spaniel ; mean ; fawning. 
— Shak. 

* SPANIEL (span'yei), v. i. To fawn ; to cringe ; to be ob- 
sequious. 

* SPAN'IEL (span'yei), v. t. To follow like a spaniel. 

* SPAN'IEL-ING(span'yel-ing),£pr. Following like a spaniel. 
SPAN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Spain. 

SPAN'ISH, n. The language of Spain. 

SPAN'ISH-BROOM, n. A shrub of the genus spartium, 
thickly set with verdant flexible, rush-like twigs.— Loudon. 

SPAN'ISH-BROWN, n. A species of earth used in paints. 
Its color depends on the sesquoxyd of iron. 

SPAN'ISH-FL?, n. A coleopterous insect, the cantharis 
vesicaioria, used in vesicatories, or compositions for raising 
blisters. 

SPAN'ISH-NUT, n. A bulbous plant of Southern Europe, 
the rnoraa sisyrinchium. 

8PAN'ISH-WHlTE, n. A white earth used in paints. 
What is so called in New England is chalk in fine powder. 

SPANK, v. t. [W. pange.] 1. To strike on the breech with 
the open hand ; to slap. 2. To move with a quick, lively 
step, as horses. — Grose. 

SPANK'ER, n. 1. A small coin. — 2. In seamen's language, 
the after sail of a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail, at- 
tached to a gaff; formerly called driver. — Totten. 3. One 
who takes long strides in walking ; also, a stout person. — 
Halliwell 

SPANKING, ppr. 1. Striking with the open hand ; moving 
with a quick, lively pace. 2. a. Large ; stout — Halliwell ; 
[vulgar.] 

SPANNED (spand), pp. Measured with the hand. 

SPAN'NER n. 1. One who spans. 2. The lock of a fusee 
or carbine, or the fusee itself. 3. An iron instrument used 
in the manner of a lever to tighten the nuts upon screws. 
Brande. 

SPAN'NING, ppr. Measuring with the hand ; encompassing 
with the fingers. 

SPAR n. [D. spar ; G. sparren ; Dan. spar.] 1. Any earthy 
mineral that breaks with regular surfaces, and has some 
degree of lustre ; a crystallized earthy mineral of a shining 
lustre. — Dana. 2. Among seamen, a general term for masts, 
yards, booms, and gaffs. Totten. — 3. Among old architects, 
a piece of timber of various kinds ; still used locally for raft- 
ers. — Gloss, of Ar chit. 4. The bar of a gate or door; [obs.] 

f SPXR, v. t. [Sax. sparran ; G. sperren.] To bar ; to shut 
close or fasten with a bar. — Chaucer. 

SPAR v. i. [Sax. spirian ; Ir. sparnam.] 1. To dispute ; to 
quarrel in words ; to wrangle ; [thus used in America.] 2. 
To fi^ht with prelusive strokes. — Johnson. 

SPAR'-HUNG, a. Hung with spar, as a cave.— Holmes. 

SPAR'A-BLE, n. [sparrow-bill, from the shape.] The name 
of shoemakers' nails. 

SPAR'A-DRAP, n. [Fr.] A cerecloth. [Not English.] 

SPAR'AGE, Irrr j , c . 

SPAR'A-GUS, j I ° ar -} See Asparagus. 

SPARE, v. t. [Sax. sparian ; D. spaaren ; G. sparen ; Dan. 
sparer.] 1. To use frugally ; not to be profuse ; not to 
waste. 2. To save or withhold from any particular use or 
occupation. 3. To part without much inconvenience ; to 
do without. 4. To omit ; to forbear. 5. To use tenderly ; 
to treat with pity and forbearance ; to forbear to afflict, 
punish, or destroy. 6. Not to take when in one's power ; 
to forbear to destroy. 7. To grant ; to allow ; to indulge. 
8. To forbear to inflict or impose. 

SPIRE, v. i. 1. To live frugally; to be parsimonious. 2. 
To forbear ; to be scrupulous. 3. To be frugal ; not to be 
profuse. 4. To use mercy or forbearance ; to forgive ; to 
be tender. 

SPARE, a. [Sax. spar,] 1. In small measure ; not abundant; 
as, a spare diet. 2. That can be dispensed with ; not want- 
ed. 3. Held in reserve ; to be used in an emergency ; as, 
a gpare anchor. 4. Wanting flesh. 5. Slow. — Syn. Scanty ; 
parsimonious ; superfluous ; lean ; meager ; thin. 

\ SPIRE, n. Parsimony; frugal use. — Bacon. 

SPaRJSD, pp. Dispensed with ; saved; forborne. 

SPARE'LY, adv. Sparingly.— Milton. 



n. State of being lean or thin ; leanness. 
One who avoids unnecessary expense.- 



SPXRE'NESS, 

SPaR^R, n. 
Wotton. 

SPaRE'RIB, n. [D. spier, a muscle, and rib.] The piece of 
a hog taken from the side, consisting of the ribs with little 
flesh on them. 

t SPAR-GE-FACTION, n. [L. spargo.] The act of sprinkling. 

SPAR'HAWK. See Sparrow-hawk. 

SPaR'ING, ppr. 1. Using frugally ; forbearing ; omitting to 
punish or destroy. 2. a. Scarce ; little. 3. Scanty ; not 
plentiful ; not abundant. 4. Saving ; parsimonious. 

SPARINGLY, adv. 1. Not abundantly.— Shak. 2. Frugally , 
parsimoniously ; not lavishly. 3. Abstinently ; moderate- 
ly. 4. Seldom ; not frequently. 5. Cautiously ; tenderly. 

SPaRING-NESS, n. 1. Parsimony ; want of liberality. 2. 
Caution. — Barrow. 

SPARK, n. [Sax. spcarc ; D. spartelen.] 1. A small particle 
of fire or ignited substance, which is emitted from bodies 
in combustion. 2. A small shining body or transient 
light. 3. A small portion of any thing active. 4. A very 
small portion. 5. A brisk, showy, gay man. 6. A lover. 

t SPARK, v. i. To emit particles of fire ; to sparkle. 

SPARKTUL, a. Lively ; brisk ; gay.— Camden. 

SP ARK'ISH, n. 1. Airy ; gay. 2. Showy ; well dressed ; fine. 

SPARK'LE (sparkl), n. 1. A spark. 2. A luminous particle. 

SPARK'LE, v. i. [D. spartelen.] 1. To emit 6parks ; to send 
off small ignited particles, as burning fuel, &c. 2. To glit- 
ter; as, sparkling colors. 3. To twinkle; as, sparkling 
stars. 4. To exhibit an appearance of animation; as, 
sparkling eyes. 5. To emit little bubbles, as spirituous 
liquors. — Syn. To shine ; glisten ; glare ; scintillate ; radi- 
ate; coruscate. 

t SPARK'LE, v. t. To throw about ; to scatter.— Sackville. 

SPARK'LER, n. He or that which sparkles ; one whose 
eyes sparkle. — Addison. 

SPARK'LET, n. A small spark.— Cotton. 

t SPARK'LI-NESS, n. Vivacity.— Aubrey. 

SPARK'LING, ppr. or a. Emitting sparks ; glittering; lively. 

SPARK'LING-LY, adv. With twinkling or vivid brilliancy. 

SPARK'LING-NESS, n. Vivid and twinkling lustre. 

SPAR'LING, n. A smelt— Cotgrave. 

SPa'ROU), a. [L. sparus, and Gr. eiSos.] Like the gilt-head , 
belonging to that family of spinous-finned fishes which in- 
cludes the gilt-head and sea-bream. — Brande. 

SPAR'RING, n. Prelusive strokes in boxing, &c. 2. Slight 
or prelusive contention in debate, &c. 

SPARTtoW, n. [Sax. speara.] The name of several small 
conic-billed birds which feed on insects and seeds. Tho 
house-sparrow of Europe is noted for its familiarity and 
even impudence, its voracity and fecundity. 

SPAR'RoW-GRASS, n. A corruption of asparagus. 

SPAR'RoW-HAWK, \n. [Sax. spearhafoc] A small species 

SPAR'HAWK, 5 of short-winged hawk, the falco 

nisus. The name is popularly applied to all those falcons 
whose tarsi are high and scutellated. 

SPAR'RoW-BILL, n. A small nail ; a cast iron shoe naiL 
See Sparable. 

SPAR'RY, a. [from spar.] Resembling spar, or consisting 
of spar; having a confused crystalline structure ; spathose. 
— Sparry iron, carbonate of iron, or spathic iron. — Dana. 

SPARSE (spars), a. [L. sparsus, from spargo.] 1. Thinly 
scattered; set or planted here and there. — 2. In botany, 
not opposite, not alternate, nor in any apparent regular 
order. — Martyn. 

f SPARSE (spars), v. t. To disperse. — Spenser. 

SPARS.ED (sparst), a. Scattered.— Zee. 

SPARS'ED-LY, adv. In a scattered manner. — Evelyn. 

SPARSE'NESS, n. Thinness ; scattered state ; as, sparse- 
ness of population. — Story, vol. ii., 70. 

SPARTAN, a. Pertaining to ancient Sparta ; hence, hardy , 
undaunted. 

SPASM, n. [L. spasmus.] An abnormal, sudden, and more 
or less* violent but brief contraction of one or more mus- 
cles oi mu%oular fibres. Spasm is either clonic or tonic, 
which see. 

SPAS-MODfG, a. [Gr. cnaaiJios and eidos ; Fr. spasmodique.] 
Relating to spasm ; consisting in spasm. 

SPAS-MOD'IC, n. A medicine good for removing spasm. 

SPASTIC, a. [Gr. ovanTiKos-] Relating to spasm. [A term 
preferable to spasmodic] 

SPAS-TIC'I-TY, n. 1. A state of spasm. 2. The tendency 
to, or capability of suffering /pasm. 

SPAT, pret. of spit, but nearly obsolete. 

SPAT, n. L The young of shell-fish. 2. A blow.— Halli- 
well. Hence, 3. A petty combat ; a little quarrel or dis- 
sension ; [a vulgar use of the word in New England.] 

SPA-TAN"GUS, n. A genus of pedicellate echinodermatous 
animals. 

SPATCH'-COCK, n. [dispatch.] A fowl killed and imme- 
diately broiled for some sudden occasion. — Halliwell. 

SP ATHA, 1 n. [L. spatha.] In botany, the calyx of a spadis 

SPATHE, > opening or bursting longitudinally, in form of 
a sheath. 



D6VE;— BULL, UNITE — AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS;— € as K; G as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t ObsoleU. 



SPE 



950 



SPE 



SPA-THI CEOUS, a. Having that sort of calyx called a 
spatha. 

SPATH'I€, a. [G. spath.) F jliated or lamellar. —Spathic iron, 
an ore of iron ; foliated carbonate of iron. — Dana. 

SPATHT-FORM, a. Resembling spar in form. 

SPATH'oSE, ? a. 1. In botany, having that sort of calyx 

SPATH'OUS, > called spatha. — 2. In mineralogy, having 
the characters of spar ; sparry. — Dana. 

SPATHU-LaTE, a. See Spatulate. 

t SPa'TIaTE, v. i. [L. spatior.) To rove ; to ramble. 

SPATTER, v. t. 1. To scatter a liquid substance on ; to 
sprinkle with water or any fluid, or with any moist and 
dirty matter. — 2. Figuratively, to asperse ; to defame. 3. 
To throw out any thing offensive. — Skak. ; [obs.] 4. To 
scatter about. 

SPATTER, v. i. To throw out of the mouth in a scattered 
manner ; to sputter. — Milton. See Sputter. 

SPATTER-DASH-ES, n. pi. [spatter and dash.) Coverings 
for the legs to keep them clean from water and mud. 

SPATTERED, pp. 1. Sprinkled or fouled by some liquid 
or dirty substance. 2. Aspersed. 

SPATTER-ING, ppr. 1. Sprinkling with moist or foul mat- 
ter. 2. Aspersing. 

t SPATTLE, n. Spittle.— Bale. 

SPATTLING-POP'PY, n. An herb, silene inflata. 

SPATU-LA, > n. [L. spathula, spatha.) A slice ; an apothe- 

SPATTLE, 5 caries' instrument for spreading plasters, &c. 

SPAT'U-LaTE, a. [L. spathula.) In natural history, shaped 
like a spatula or battledore ; elliptical, with the upper end 
obtuse, and the lower end very much attenuated. — Lindley. 

SPAVIN, n. [It. spavenio.) A swelling in or near some of 
the joints of a horse, by which lameness is produced. — 
Farm. Encyc. 

SPAVINED, a. Affected with spavin.— Goldsmith. 

SPAW, n. See Spa. 

SPAWL, v. i. [G. speichel.) To throw saliva from the mouth 
in a scattering form ; to disperse spittle in a careless, dirty 
manner. 

SPAWL, n. 1. Saliva or spittle thrown out carelessly. 2. 
A fragment of stone. 

SPAWL'ING, ppr. Throwing spittle carelessly from the 
mouth. 

SPAWL'ING, n. Saliva thrown out carelessly. 

SPAWN, n. 1. The eggs of fish or frogs, when ejected. 2. 
Any product or offspring ; [an expression of contempt.) — 3. 
In English gardening, the buds or branches produced from 
underground stems ; also, the white fibrous matter form- 
ing the matrix from which fungi are produced. — P. Cyc. 

SPAWN, v. t. To produce or deposit, as fishes do their 
eggs. 2. To bring forth ; to generate ; [in contempt.) 

SPAWN, v. i. 1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs. 2. To 
issue, as offspring ; [in contempt.) — Locke. 

SPAWNED, pp. Produced or deposited, as the eggs of fish 
or frogs. 

SPAWN'ER, n. The female fish.— Walton. 

SPAY (spa), v . t. [W. yspazu ; L. spado.) To cut in to the 
womb of the female of a beast and extirpate the ovaries, 
in order to produce barrenness and promote fattening. 

SPAYED (spade), pp. Having the ovaries extirpated. 

SPaY'ING, ppr. Extirpating the ovaries. 

SPeAK, v. i. ; pret. spoke [spake, nearly obs.) ; pp. spoke, 
spoken. [Sax. spcecan, specan.) 1. To utter words or artic- 
ulate soxmds, as human beings ; to express thoughts by 
words. 2. To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue ; to 
utter thoughts in a public assembly. 3. To express opin- 
ions ; to dispute. 4. To make mention of. 5. To give 
sound. — Syn. To say ; tell ; talk ; converse , discourse ; 
articulate; pronounce. 

SPeAK, v. t. 1. To utter with the mouth ; to pronounce ; 
to utter articulately, as human beings. 2. To declare ; to 
proclaim ; to celebrate. 3. To talk or converse in ; to 
utter or pronounce, as in conversation. 4. To address ; to 
accost. 5. To exhibit ; to make known. 6. To express 
silently or by signs. 7. To communicate. — To speak a 
ship, to hail and speak to her captain or commander. 

BPeAK'A-BLE, a. 1. That can be spoken. 2. Having the 
power of speech. — Milton. 

SPeAK'ER, n. 1. One who speaks, in whatever manner. 
2. One who proclaims or celebrates. 3. One who utters or 
pronounces a discourse ; usually, one who utters a speech 
in public. 4. The person who presides in a deliberative as- 
sembly, preserving order and regulating the debates. 

SPeAK'ER-SHIP, n. The office ot speaker. 

SPEAKING, ppr. Uttering words ; discoursing; talking. 

SPEAKING, n. 1. The act of uttering words ; discourse. — 
2. In colleges, public declamation. 

SPe AKTNG-TRUMP'ET, n. A trumpet by which the sound 
of the human voice may be propagated to a great distance. 

SPeAR. n. [Sax. speare, spere; D., G. speer.) 1. A long, 
pointed weapon, used in war and hunting by thrusting or 
throwing; a lance. 2. A sharp-pointed instrument with 
barbs, used for stabbing fish and other animals. 3. A 
shoot, as of grass ; usually spire. 



SPeAR, v. t. To pierce with a spear ; to kill with a spear 

SPeAR, v. i. To shoot into a long stem. See Spire. 

SPeAR'-FQQT, n. The far foot behind ; used of a horse. 

SPeAR'-GRASS, n. 1. A long, stiff grass. Shak.—ln New 
England, this r.ame is given to a species of poa, a large, 
smooth-stalked meadow grass. 

SPEAR'-THIS-TLE (speer'-this-l), ». A plant. 

SPEAR-W6RT (speer'-wurt), n. A plant of the genus 
rammculus. 

SPeARED, pp. Pierced or killed with a spear. 

SPeARTNG, ppr. 1. Piercing or killing with a spear. 2 
Shooting into a long stem. 

SPeAR'MAN, n. One who is armed with a spear. 

SPeAR'MINT, n. A plant, mentha viridis, a species of mint 

SPECHT, \ n. A woodpecker. — Sherwood. [Not in use, oi 

SPEIGHT, > local.) 

SPf"CIAL (spesh'al), a. [Ft., It. speziale; Sp. especial; L. 
specialis.) 1. Designating a species or sort. 2. Particular • 
peculiar; noting something more than ordinary. 3. Ap- 
propriate ; designed for a particular purpose. 4. Confined 
to some particular class of subjects ; as, a special diction- 
ary, like one of medicine or law. 5. Extraordinary ; un- 
common. 6. Chief in excellence. — Special pleading, the 
allegation of special or new matter, as distinguished from 
a direct denial of the matter alleged on the opposite side. 
Bouvier. — Special verdict, one in which the facts of the case 
are found by the jury, and the law is submitted to the 
judges. Bouvier. — Special grace, the renewing and sancti- 
fying influences of the Holy Spirit, as distinguished from 
common grace, which only awakens and convicts. — Ed 
wards. 

t SPe"CIAL (spesh'al), n. A particular. — Hammond. 

t SPE"CIAL-IZE, v. t. To mention specially.— Sheldon. 

SPE"CIAL-LY (spesh'al-le), adv. 1. Particularly ; in a man- 
ner beyond what is common, or out of the ordinary course. 
2. For a particular purpose. 3. Chiefly ; specially. 

SPECIALTY (spesh'al- ty), n. 1. Particularity ; [little used.) 
2. A particular or peculiar case ; [little used.) 3. A spe- 
cial contract; an obligation or bond; the evidence of" a 
debt by deed or instrument under seal. — Blackstone. 

SPe'CIE (spe'shy), n. Coin ; copper, silver, or gold coined 
and used as a circulating medium of commerce. 

SPe'CIeS (spe'shez), n. [L.] 1. In scientific classification, a 
group of such individuals as have an essential identity in 
all qualities proceeding from their ultimate constitution or 
nature. — In zoology and botany the species are capable of 
uniform, invariable, and permanent continuance by natural 
propagation. A species may include many varieties. — 2. In 
logic, a special idea, corresponding to the specific distinc- 
tions of things in nature. 3. Sort ; kind. 4. Appearance 
to the senses ; visible or sensible representation ; [little 
used.) 5. Representation to the mind; [little used.) 6. 
Show ; visible exhibition ; [obs.) 7. Coin, or coined silver 
and gold, used as a circulating medium. Arbuthnot. — 8. In 
pharmacy, a simple; a component part of a compound 
medicine. 9. The old. pharmaceutical term for powders. 

SPE-CIF'IC, \a. [Fr. specifique ; It. specifico.] 1. That 

SPE-CIF'I€-AL, 5 makes a thing of the species of which it 
is ; designating the peculiar property or properties of a 
thing, which constitute its species, and distinguish it from 
other things. — 2. That specifies or particularizes • definite 
or particular ; as, specific statement. — 3. In me~i'.cine, curing 
disease upon some principle peculiar to the supposed spe- 
cific, a principle not common to two or more remedies ; or 
infallibly curing all cases of certain diseases to which the 
specific is deemed appropriate. — Specific gravity, see Grav 
ity. — The specific name, in botany, is the one placed after 
the name of the genus, to distinguish the species. This 
was formerly called the trivial name, while specific name 
was applied to the distinguishing characters of the species 
expressed in not more than twelve words. 

SPE-CIF'IC, n. In medicine, 1. A remedy that cures diseases 
upon some principle peculiar to itself, and not common to 
any two or more remedies. 2. A remedy which infallibly 
cures all cases of certain diseases to which it is deemed 
appropriate. 

SPE-CIF'IC-AL-LY, adv. 1. So as to constitute a species ; 
according to the nature of the species. 2. Particularity ; 
definitely. 

SPE-CIF'IC-ATE, v. t. [L. species and facio.) To show, 
mark, or designate the species, or the distinguishing par- 
ticulars of a thing ; to specify. 

SPEC-I-FI-CATION, n. 1. The act of determining by a 
mark ^r limit ; notation of limits. 2. The act of specify, 
ing ; designation of particulars ; particular mention. 3. 
A written statement containing a minute description or 
enumeration of particulars, as of charges against a public 
officer, or the terms of a contract, &c. 4. Article or thing 

SPE-CIF'IC-NESS, n. Particular mark of distinction.— An 

not. on Glanville. 
SPECIFIED, pp. or a. Particularized ; specially named. 
SPECI-FT, v. t. [Fr. specifier; It. specificare.) To mention 



SU Synopsis. A, % I, &c, long.—l, E, I. Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SPE 



951 



SPE 



or name, as a particular thing ; to designate in words, so 
as to distinguish a thing from every other. 

SPEC'I-FY-ING, ppr. Naming or designating particularly. 

8PECI-MEN, n. [ L.] A sample ; a part or small portion of 
any thing intended to exhibit the kind and quality of the 
"whole, or of something not exhibited. 

SPE'CIOUS (spe'shus), a. [Fr. specieux ; It. specioso ; Sp. 
espicioso; L. speciosus.] 1. Pleasing to the view. 2. Ap- 
parently right ; superficially fair, just, or correct ; appear- 
ing well at first view. — Syn. Showy ; plausible ; ostensi- 
ble ; colorable ; feasible. 

SPe'CIOUS-LY (spe'shus-le), adv. With a fair appearance ; 
with show of right. 

SPe'CIOUS-NESS (spe'shus-nes), n. The state or quality 
of being specious. — Ash. 

SPE€K, n. [Sax. specca.] 1. A small place in any thing 
that is discolored. 2. A very email thing. — Syn. Spot; 
stain; flaw; blemish. 

SPE€K, v. t. To spot ; to stain in spots or drops. 

SPE€K'LE, n. A little spot in any thing of a different sub- 
stance or color from that of the thing itself. 

SPE€K'LE, v. t. To mark with small spots of a different 
color ; used chiefly in the participle passive. 

SPECK/L.ED, pp. or a. Marked with specks ; variegated 
with spots of a different color from the ground or surface 
of the object.— Speckled bird, a term applied to one who 
differs so much from the company he is in as to be an ob- 
ject of suspicion or distrust. 

SPE€K'L£D-NESS, n. The state of being speckled. 

SPECK/LING, ppr. Marking with small spots. 

SPE€KT, ? . , ° ca 

SPEIGHT s n ' wooapecker. See Specht. 

SPEC'TA-CLE (spek'ta-kl), n. [Fr. ; L. spectaculum.] 1. 
Something exhibited to view ; usually, something present- 
ed to view as extraordinary; as, a public spectacle. 2. 
Any thing seen ; as, a dreadful spectacle. — 3. Spectacles, in 
the plural, an optical instrument consisting of two lenses 
set in a light frame, and used to assist or correct some de- 
fect in the organs of vision. — 4. Figuratively, something 
that aids the intellectual sight.— Syn. Show ; sight ; exhi- 
bition; representation; pageant. 
SPECTA-CL.ED, a. Furnished with spectacles.— Shak. 
SPEC-TACH-LAR, a. Pertaining to shows.— Hickes. 
SPE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. spectatio.] Regard ; respect. [Lit- 
tle used.'] 
SPEC-TITOR, n. [L. ; Fr. spectateur ; It. spettatore.] 1. 
One who looks on; one who sees or beholds. 2. One 
personally present. — Syn. Looker-on ; beholder ; observ- 
er; witness. 
SPE€-TA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the spectator. 
SPEC-Ta'TOR-SHIP, n. The act of beholding.— Shak. 2. 

Tne office or quality of a spectator. — Addison. 
SFEC-Ta'TRESS, \n. [L. spectatriz.] A female beholder 
SPEC-TX'TRIX, 5 or looker-on. 

SPECTER > (spek'tur), n. [Fr. spectre ; L. spectrum.] 1. An 
SPECTRE 5 apparition ; the appearance of a person who 
is dead; a ghost; a phantom. 2. Something made pre- 
ternaturally visible. 
SPECTER-PEO-PL.ED )(-pee-pld),a. Peopled with ghosts. 
SPE€'TRE-PeO-PL£D 5 —Bowring. 
SPECTRAL, a. Pertaining to a spectre ; ghostly.— Maunder. 
SPECTRUM, n. [L.] 1. A visible form ; an image of some- 
thing seen, continuing after the eyes are closed. — Darwin. 
2. The elongated figure of the seven prismatic colors, 
formed in a dark chamber, by admitting a beam of the 
sun's light through an opening in the window-shutter, and 
letting it fall on a prism. — Olmsted. 
8PECU-LAR a. [L. specularis.] 1. Having the qualities of 
a speculum or mirror ; having a smooth, reflecting surface. 
2. Assisting sight; [obs.] 3. Affording view. — Specular 
iron, an ore of iron occurring frequently in crystals of a 
brilliant metallic lustre ; the peroxyd of iron ; also called 
oligist iron or rhombohedral iron ore. — Dana. 
8PE€'U-LaTE, v. i. [L. speculor ; Fr. speculer; It. specu- 
late.] 1. To meditate ; to contemplate ; to consider a sub- 
ject by turning it in the mind and viewing it in its differ- 
ent aspects and relations. — 2. In commerce, to purchase 
land, goods, stock, or other things, with the expectation 
of selling the articles at a profit, 
f SPECU-LaTE, v. t. To consider attentively. 
SPE€'U-La-TING, ppr. or a. 1. Meditating. 2. Purchasing 

with the expectation of an advance in price. 
SPEC-U-La'TION, n. 1. Examination by the eye ; view ; 
[little used.] 2. Mental view of any thing in its various 
aspects and relations ; contemplation ; intellectual exam- 
ination. 3. Train of thoughts formed by meditation. 4. 
Mental scheme ; theory ; views of a subject not verified 
by fact or practice. 5. Power of sight ; [obs.] — 6. In com- 
merce, the act or practice of buying stocks or goods, &c, in 
expectation of a rise of price and of selling them at an ad- 
vance. 
SPECU-LA-TIST, 7i. One who speculates or forms theo- 
ries ; a speculator. — Milner. 



SPECU-LA-TIVE, a. [Fr. speculatif ; It. speculative] *.. 
Given to speculation ; contemplative. 2. Formed by spec- 
ulation ; theoretical ; ideal ; not verified by fact, experi- 
ment, or practice. 3. Pertaining to view. 4. Pertaining 
to speculation in land, stocks, goods, Sec. 
SPECU-LA-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. In contemplation ; with med 
itation. 2. Ideally ; theoretically ; in theory only, not in 
practice. 3. In the way of speculation in land, goods, &c. 
SPECU-LA-Ti VE-NESS, n. The state of being speculative, 

or of consisting in speculation only. 
SPE€'U-La-TOR, n. 1. One who speculates or forms the- 
ories. 2. An observer ; a contemplator. 3. A spy ; a 
watcher. — 4. In commerce, one who buys goods, land, or 
other things, with the expectation of a rise of price, and 
of deriving profit from such advance. 
SPE€'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Exercising speculation.— John 
son. 2. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying. — 
Warton. 
SPECU-LUM, n. [L.] 1. A mirror or looking-glass. 2. A 
mirror employed in optical instruments, in which the re- 
fracting surface is formed of a metallic alloy.— 3. In sur- 
gery, an instrument for dilating and keeping open certain 
parts of the body. 
SPED, pret. and pp. of speed. 

SPEECH, n. [Sax. sptzc] 1. The faculty of uttering articu 
late sounds or words, as in human beings ; the faculty of 
expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds. 2. 
Language; words as expressing ideas. 3. A particular 
language, as distinct from others. 4. That which is spok- 
en ; words uttered in connection and expressing thoughts. 
5. Talk ; mention ; common saying. 6. Formal discourse 
in public ; oration ; address ; harangue. 7. Any declara- 
tion of thoughts. 
SPEECH, v. i. To make a speech ; to harangue. [Rare.] 
SPEECH'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes speeches ; ono 

who speaks much in a piiblic assembly. 
SPEECH'I-FLED, pp. Harangued. 

SPEECH'I-FY, v. i. To make a speech ; to harangue. The 
noun, specchification, is sometimes used, but, like speechify, 
rather as a term of sport or derision. 
SPEECH'I-FY-ING, ppr. Haranguing. 
SPEECHTNG, n. The act of making a speech.— Moore. 
SPEECH'LESS, a. 1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty 
of speech. 2. Not speaking for a time. — Syn. Dumb; si- 
lent; mute. 
SPEECH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being speechless ; 

muteness. — Bacon. 
SPEED, v. i. ; pret. and pp. sped, speeded. [Sax. spedian 
sptzdan ; D. spoedan.] 1. To make haste ; to move with 
celerity. 2. To have success ; to prosper ; to succeed 
that is, to advance in one's enterprise. 3. To have any 
condition, good or ill ; to fare. 
SPEED, v. t. 1. To send away in haste. 2. To put in quick 
motion. 3. To hasten to a conclusion ; to execute ; to 
dispatch. 4. To assist ; to help forward ; to hasten. 5. 
To prosper ; to cause to succeed. 6. To furnish in haste 
7. To kill ; to ruin ; to destroy. — Syn. To dispatch ; hast- 
en ; accelerate ; hurry. 
SPEED, 7i. 1. Rapidity of motion ; [applied to animals.] 2 
Rapidity of execution or performance. 3. Rapid race. 4. 
Success ; prosperity in an undertaking ; favorable issue, 
that is, advance to the desired end. — Syn. Swiftness ; ce- 
lerity ; quickness ; haste ; dispatch ; expedition ; hurry ; 
acceleration. 
SPEED'FUL, a. 1. Serviceable; useful.— Wicliffe ; [obs.] 

2. Full of speed ; hfisty. 
SPEED'I-LY, adv. Quickly ; with haste , in a short time. 
SPEED'I-NESS, 7i. The quality of being speedy ; quick- 
ness ; celerity ; haste ; dispatch. 
SPEEDWELL, 7i. An herb of the genus veronica, one spe- 
cies of which has been much recommended in Sweden 
and Germany as a substitute for tea. — Loudon. 
SPEED'Y, a. 1. Quick; swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in 
motion. 2. Quick in performance ; not dilatory or slow 
SPEER, v. t. See Speee. 
* SPEET, v. t. [D. speeten.] To stab. 

SPEIGHT (spate), n. A woodpecker. [Not in use, or local.] 
SPEISS, n. The mineral copper nickel, consisting of nickel 

and arsenic. — TJre. 
SPELK, 7i. [Sax. spelc] A splinter ; a small stick or rod 

used in thatching. — Grose. [Local] 
SPELL, 7i. [Sax. spel or spell, a story.] 1. A story ; a tale. 
— Chaucer ; [obs.] 2. A charm consisting of some words 
of occult power. — 3. Among seamen, a turn of work ; re- 
lief; turn of duty ; as, take a spell at the pump. — 4. In 
New England, a short time ; a little time ; the continu- 
ance of any kind of weather; [used among seamen; net 
elegant.] 5. A turn of gratuitous labor, sometimes ac- 
companied with presents ; [New England.] 
SPELL, v. t. ; pret. and pp. spelled or spelt. [Sax. spellian, 
spelligan.] 1. To tell or name the letters oi a word, with 
a proper division of syllables. 2. To write or print with 
the proper letters ; to form w^ords by correct orthography. 



D6VE ;—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



5PE 



952 



SPH 



3. To take another's place or turn temporarily in any la- 
bor or service ; to relieve ; [used by seamen and in New 
England.'] 4. To charm. 5. To read; to discover by 
characters or marks : with out. 6. To tell ; to relate ; to 
teach; [obs.] 

SPELL, v. i. To form words with the proper letters, either 
in reading or writing. 2. To read. — Milton. 

BPELL'-BOUND, a. Arrested or locked up by a spell. 

SPELL'-LAND, n. A land of spells or charms. — Mrs. 
Butler. 

SPELLED, ? u j r 77 

SPELT (P ret - siaapp. of spell. 

SPELL'ER, n. One who spells; one skilled in spelling. 
' SPELLING, ppr. 1. Naming the letters of a word. 2. Tak- 
ing another's turn. 

SPELLTNG, n. 1. The act of naming the letters of a word. 
2. Orthography ; the manner of forming words with letters. 

SPELLTNG-BOOK, n. A book for teaching children to 
spell and read. 

SPELT, n. [Sax., D. spelte ; G. spelz.] A species of grain, 
the tritlcrim spelta, much cultivated for food in Germany ; 
called, also, German wheat. 

\ SPELT, v. t. [G. spaltcn ; Dan. spilder.] To split. 

SPELTER, n. [G., D. spiautcr.] A commercial name of 
zinc, commonly somewhat impure. — Brande. 

tSPENCE (spens), n. [Old Fr. dispense.] A buttery; a 
larder ; a place where provisions are kept. — Chaucer. 

SPEN'CER, n. 1. One who has the care of the spence or 
buttery ; [obs.] 2. A short over-jacket worn by men or 
women. — 3. Among seamen, a fore-and-aft sail, set abaft 
the fore and main masts ; a try-sail. — Totten. 

SPEND, v. t. ; pret. and pp. spent. [Sax. spendan ; Sw. 
spendera ; It. spendere.] 1. To lay out ; to dispose of; to 
part with. 2. To consume ; to waste ; to squander. 3. 
To consume ; to exhaust. 4. To bestow for any purpose. 
5. To effuse ; [little used.] 6. To pass, as time ; to suffer 
to pass away. 7. To lay out ; to exert or to waste. 8. 
To exhaust offeree ; to waste ; to wear away. 9. To ex- 
haust of strength ; to harass ; to fatigue. 

SPEND, v. i. 1. To make expense ; to make disposition of 
money. 2. To be lost or wasted ; to vanish ; to be dissi- 
pated. 3. To prove in the use. 4. To be consumed. 5. 
To be employed to any use ; [unusual.] 

SPEND'ER, n. One who spends ; also, a prodigal. 

SPENDING, ppr. Laying out ; consuming ; wasting ; ex- 
hausting. 

SPENDING, n. The act of laying out or expending. 

SPENDTHRIFT, n. One who spends money improvident- 
ly ; n prodigal ; one who lavishes his estate. 

SPENT, pret. and pp. or a. from spend. Exhausted; de- 

E rived of its original force or peculiar qualities ; as, spent 
ops : so a spent ball is one which may still injure, but can 
not penetrate any hard object. 

SPER, v. t. To shut in; support; inclose.— Shalt. Spelled, 
also, sperr. 

t SPe'RA-BLE, a. [L. sperabilis.] That may be hoped. 

t SPe'RATE, a. [L. speratus.] Hoped not to be irrecoverable. 

SPERE, v. t. To ask ; to inquire.— Halliwell. [Used in Scot- 
land and the north of England.] 

SPeRBD, pp. Asked; inquired. 

SPERM, n. [Fr. sperme ; L. sperma.] 1. Animal seed ; that 
by which the species'is propagated. 2. Spermaceti, which 
see. 3. Spawn of fishes or frogs. 

SPERM'-OIL, n. Oil obtained from the cachalot, or sperm- 
aceti whale. 

SPERM-A-Ce'TI, n. [L. sperma and cetus.] A fatty matter 
obtained chiefly from the head of the cachalot, or sperma- 
ceti whale. When separated from the oil and purified, it 
becomes a white, semi-transparent, brittle, lamellar, crys- 
talline mass, much used for making candles. — Ure. — P. Cyc. 

SPERM- A-Ce'Ti-WHaLE, ? n. The cachalot, or species of 

SPERM'-WHaLE, 5 whale of the genus physeter, 

(Linn.), from which spermaceti is obtained. 

SPERMA-PHORE, n. In botany, that part of the ovary 
from which the ovules arise ; the placenta. 

SPERM-ATIC, a. 1. Consisting of seed ; seminal. 2. Per- 
taining to the semen, or conveying it. — Ray. 

I SPERM'A-TlZE, v. i. To yield seed.— Brown. 

SPERM-AT'O-CeLE, n. [Gr. oirtppta and KijXn.] A swelling 
of the spermatic vessels, or vessels of the testicles. 

SPERM-A-TO-Zo'A, n. pi. [Gr. ompiia and &ov.] Minute 
particles in the spermatic fluid of animals resembling cer- 
tain infusoria. — Journ. of Science. 

SPERM'O-DERM, n. [Gr. cireptia and Sep/m.] In botany, 
the whole integuments of a seed in the aggregate. — Lindley. 

SPERM-OL'O-GIST, n. [Gr. om-pixoXoyos.] One who treats 
of seeds. — Diet. 

t SPERSE, v. t. To disperse.— Spenser. 

\ SPET, v. t. To spit ; to throw out. 

t SPET, n. Spittle, or a flow. 

SPEW (spu), v. t. [Sax. spiwan ; D. spuwen ; L. spuo.] 1. 
To vomit ; to puke ; to eject from the stomach. 2. To 
eject ; to cast forth. 3. To cast out with abhorrence. 



SPEW (spu), v. i. To vomit ; to discharge the contents c* 

the stomach. — Ben Jonson. 
SPEW.ED (spude), pp. Vomited ; ejected. 
SPEWER, n. One who spews, 
t SPEW'I-NESS, n. Moistness ; dampness. — Gauden. 
SPEWING, ppr. Vomiting; ejecting from the stomach. 
SPEWING, n. The act of vomiting. 
SPEWY (spu'e), a. Wet ; foggy. — Mortimer. [Local.'] 
SPHAC'E-LaTE (sfas'e-late), v. i. 1. To mortify; to be- 
come gangrenous, as flesh. 2. To decay or become caii 
ous, as a bone. 
SPHAC'E-LaTE, v. t. To affect with gangrene. 
SPHAC'E-L A-TED, pp. or a. Affected with gangrene ; mor 
tified. 

SPHAC-E-La'TION, n. The process of becoming or mak- 
ing gangrenous ; mortification. — Med. Repos. 

SPHAC'E-LUS, n. [Gr. ncpnKeXos.] 1. In medicine and sur- 
gery, gangrene ; mortification of the flesh of a living ani- 
mal. 2. Death of a bone. 

SPHAG'NOUS (sfag'nus), a. [sphagnum, bog-moss, Linn.] 
Pertaining to bog-moss ; mossy. — Bigelow. 

SPHeNE (stene), n. [Gr. aty-nv, a wedge.] A mineral com- 
posed of silicic acid, titanic acid, and lime. Its colors are 
dull yellow, green, gray, brown, and black. It is found 
amorphous and in crystals whose primary form is an ob 
lique rhombic prism. 

SPHe'NOID, \a. [Gr. c^rjv and a5os.] Resembling a 

SPHE-NOIDAL, ) wedge.— The sphenoid bone is the pte- 
rygoid bone of the basis of the skull. 

SPHERE (steer), n. [Fr. ; L.sphara; Gr. o<paipa ; It. sfera.\ 
1. In geometry, a solid body contained under a single sur- 
face, which in every part is equally distant from a point 
called its center. 2. An orb or globe of the mundane sys- 
tem. 3. An orbicular body, or a circular figure represent- 
ing the earth or apparent heavens. 4. Circuit of motion ; 
revolution ; orbit. 5. The concave or vast orbicular ex- 
panse in which the heavenly orbs appear. 6. Circuit of 
action, knowledge, or influence ; compass ; province ; em- 
ployment. 7. Rank ; order of society. — A right sphere, in 
astronomy and geography, is a sphere whose poles are in 
the horizon ; a parallel sphere, one whose poles are in the 
zenith and nadir ; an oblique sphere, one in any other posi- 
tion. — Armillary sphere, see Akmillarv. 

SPHERE, v. t. 1. To place in a sphere ; [unusual] 2. To 
form into roundness. — Milton. 

SPHeRE'-BORN, a. Born among the spheres.— Milton. 

SPHeRE'-DE-SCEND'ED, a. Descended from the spheres. 

SPHERE'-MEL'O-DY, n. Melody of the spheres.— Carlyle. 

SPHeRE'-MO'SIC, n. The music or harmony of the spheres. 
— Ed. Rev. 

SPHERED (sferd), pp. Placed in a sphere. 

SPHERIC, ) a. [It. sferico • Fr. spherique ; L. sphcencus.] 

SPHER'I€-AL, i 1. Globular; orbicular; having a surface 
in every part equally distant from the center. 2. Planeta- 
ry ; relating to the orbs of the planets.— Spherical angle, 
the angle formed on the surface of a sphere by the arcs of 
two great circles. — Spherical triangle, a figure on the sur- 
face of a sphere bounded by the arcs of three great circles 
which intersect each other. — Spherical geometry, the doc- 
trine of the sphere ; particularly, of the circles described 
on its surface.— Spherical trigonometry, the resolution and 
calculation of the sides and angles of spherical triangles. 
Hutton. — Spherical excess, in trigonometry, the sum by 
which the three angles of any triangle on the surface of a 
sphere or spheroid exceed two right angles. — Brande. 

SPHER'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the form of a sphere. 

SPHER'IC-AL-NESS, \ n. The state or quality of being or- 

SPHE-RIC'I-TY, 3 bicular or spherical ; roundness. 

SPHER'I-CLE (sfer'e-kl), n. A small sphere. 

SPHER'ICS, n. The doctrine of the sphere ; spherical ge- 
ometry. 

SPHe'ROID, n. [Gr. ncpaipa and eiSos-] A body or figure 
approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical. A 
spheroid may be oblate or prolate, which see. 

SPHE-ROIDAL ) (sfe-roid'-), a 1. Having the form ol 

SPHE-ROID'IC \ a spheroid. — 2. In crystallography, 

SPHE-ROID'IC-AL ) bounded by several convex faces. 

SPHE-ROID'I-TY, n. The quality of being spheroidal. 

SPHE-ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ocpatpa and ficrpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the thickness of small bodies, the 
curvature of optical glasses, &c. — Brande. 

SPHER-O-SID'ER-TTE, n. Carbonate of iron in spheroidal 
masses, occurring in trap. — Dana. 

SPHERULE, n. [L. sphcerula.] A little sphere or globe. 

SPHER'U-LlTE, n. A variety of obsidian or pearl-stone. 

SPHeR'Y, a. 1. Belonging to the sphere.— Milton. 2. Round 
spherical. — Shak. 

SPHINCTER (sfink'tur), n. [from Gr. <j</;/yyw,] 
my, a muscle that contracts or shuts an orific 
ture round which it is placed. — Brande. 

SPHINX (sfinks), n. [Gr. a<ptyl ; L. sphinx.] 1. In mythology 
a monster usually represented as having the body of a lion 
and the face of a young woman ; also in various other 



In anato 
ice or aper 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



SPI 



953 



SPi 



rorms. The Grecian sphinx is said to have proposed a 
mysterious riddle to every one who passed by her dwell- 
ing near Thebes, and to have killed all who could not 
solve it. — 2. In entomology, a genus of lepidopterous insects, 
the species of which are commonly called hawk-moths. 

8PHRAG1DE, n. A species of ochreous clay ; Lemnian 
earth. 

BPHRA-GlS'TICS, n. [Gr. c^payn, a seal.] The science of 
seals, their history, age, distinctions ; a branch of diplo- 
matics. — Brande. 

BPHYG-MOM'E-TER, 7*. [Gr. o(pvyuos, pulse, and utrpov.] 
An instrument for exposing to the eye the action of the 
pulse, the strength of which it measures. 

f SJPl'AL, n. A spy ; a scout. — Bacon. 

8Pl'€ATE, a. [L. spicatus.] Having a spike or ear. 

SP1-€--€a'TO. [It.] In music, a term indicating that every 
note is to have its distinct sound; much like staccato. — 
Brande. 

6PICE, n. [Fr. epice ; It. spezie ; Sp. especia.] 1. A vegeta- 
ble production, fragrant or aromatic to the smell, and pun- 
gent to the taste. 2. A small quantity ; something that en- 
riches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree. 
3. [Fr. espece.] A sample. 

SPlCE, v. t. 1. To season with spice ; to mix aromatic sub- 
stances with. 2. To tincture. 3. To render nice ; to sea- 
son with scruples. 

BPICE'-WOOD, n. The Laurus benzoin, an American shrub, 
called, also, wild-allspice and benjamin-tree. — Farm. Enc. 

SPICED (spist), pp. or a. Seasoned with spice. 

BPl'CER, n. 1. One who seasons with spice. 2. One who 
deals in spice. — Camden. 

8Pl'CER-Y, it. [Fr. epicerics.] 1. Spices in general ; fragrant 
and aromatic vegetable substances used in seasoning. 2. 
A repository of spices. 

BPl'CI-NESS, n. Quality of being spicy. 

SPlC'IN G, ppr. Seasoning with spice. 

BPICK AND SPAN. Bright; shining.— Hudibras. 

BPICK'NEL, } n. The herb maldmony or bear-wort, meum 

BPIG'NEL, 3 athamanticum, which, when eaten by cows, 
gives the same flavor to the milk and butter as that of 
schab-ziege cheese. 

fSPI-€03'I-TY, n. [L. spica.) The state of having or being 
full of ears, like corn. — Diet. 

6PICU-LAR, a. [L. spiculum.] Resembling a dart; having 
sharp points. 

6PI€'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. spiculo.] To sharpen to a point. 

BPI€'ULE, n. A minute, slender granule or point 

BPIC'U-LI-FORM, a. Having the form of a spicule. 

SPIC-U-LlG EN-OUS, a. Containing spicules. 

SPl'CY, a. 1. Producing spice ; abounding with spice. 2. 
Having the qualities of spice; fragrant; aromatic. 

SPl'DER, n. 1. A kitchen utensil somewhat resembling a 
spider. 2. A trevet to support a vessel over a fire. 3. The 
common name of the animals of the family araneidce and 
class arachnida, some of which are remarkable for spin- 
ning webs for taking their prey. 

SPl'DER-€ATCH-ER, n. A bird so called. 

SPl'DEPw-LlKE. a. Resembling a spider.— Shah. 

SPl'DER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus antkericum, or 
of the genus tradescantia. 

SPIG'NEL. See Spicknel. 

SPIG'OT, n. [W. yspigawd.] A pin or peg used to stop a 
faucet, or to stop a small hole in a cask of liquor.— Swift. 

SPlKE, n. [W. yspig ; D. spyk, spyker; G. speichc ; Dan. 
spiger ; Sw. spik ; L. spica.] 1. A large nail ; always, in 
America, applied to a nail or pin of metal. 2. An ear of 
corn or grain. 3. A shoot. 4. [L. spica.] In botany, a spe- 
cies of inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile along 
acommon axis, as in the plantago, or common plantain. 

SPlKE, n. A species of lavender. — Hill. 

SPlKE, v. t. 1. To fasten with spikes, or long and large 
nails. 2. To set with spikes. 3. To stop the vent with a 
spike, nail, &c. ; as, to spike a cannon. 

SPIKE -LAV'EN-DER, n. Common lavender, lavandula 
spica. 

SPIKED (spikt), pp. Furnished with spikes, as corn ; fas- 
tened with spikes ; stopped with spikes. 

SPIKE'LET, n. In botany, a small spike making a part of a 
large one. 

* SPIKE'NARD (spik'nard), n. [L. spica nardi.] A popular 
name of many different plants having an aromatic odor ; 
in the United States, of aralia racemosa ; in England, of an- 
dropogon nardus of India, of Valeriana spica, and of sever- 
al species of baccharis, conyza, <fcc. 

SPIK'ING, ppr. Fastening with spikes. 

SPIK'Y, a. Having a sharp point. — Dyer. 

SPILE, n. [D. spil; G. spille; Ir. spile.] 1. A small peg or 
wooden pin, used to stop a hole. 2. A stake driven into 
the ground to protect a bank, form wharfs, abutments, &c. 
SPILL, n. [a different orthography of spik.] 1. A small peg 
or pin for stopping a cask. 2. A little bar or pin of iron. 
3. A little sum of money ; [obs.] 
SPILL, v. t. ; pret and pp. spilled or spilt. [Sax. spillan ; 



D., G. spillen.) i. To suffer to fall or run out of a 
to lose or suffer to be scattered, as iquids, sand, &c. SpiU 
differs from pour in expressing accidental loss ; a loss or 
waste not designed, or contrary to purpose. 2. To suffer 
to be shed. 3. To cause to flow out or lose ; to shed, as 
blood. 4. To mischief; to destroy ; [obs.] 5. To throw 
away. — 6. In seamen's language, to dislodge the wind out 
of the cavity or belly of a sail in order to reef or furl it.— 
Totten. 
SPILL, v. i. 1. To waste; to be prodigal ; [obs.] 2. To be 

shed ; to be suffered to fall, be lost, or wasted.— Watts. 
SPILLED, pp. Suffered to fall, as liquids ; shed. 
SPILL'ER, n. 1. One who spills or sheds. 2. A kind of 

fishing-line. — Carew. 
SPILL'ING, ppr. Suffering to fall or run out, as liquids . 

shedding. 
SPILL'ING-LlNES. n. pi. In a ship, ropes for furling more 
conveniently the square-sails. — Mar. Diet. 

SPILT, pret. and pp. of spill. 

t SPILTH, n. [from spill.] Any thing spilt.— Shak. 

SPIN, v. t. ; pret. and pp. spun. Span is not used. [Sax,, 
Goth, spinnan : D., G. spinnen.] 1. To draw out and twist 
into threads, either by the hand or machinery. 2. To 
draw out tediously ; to form by a slow process or by de- 
grees : with out. 3. To extend to a great length. 4. To 
draw out; to protract; to spend by delays. 5. To whirl 
with a thread ; to turn or cause to whirl. 6. To draw out 
from the stomach in a filament. — To spin hay, among sol- 
diers, to twist hay into ropes for convenient carriage on an 
expedition. 

SPIN, v. i. 1. To practice spinning; to work at drawing and 
twisting threads. 2. To perform the act of drawing and 
twisting threads. 3. To move round rapidly ; to whirl. 4. 
To stream or issue in a thread or small current. 

SPI-Na'CEOUS, a. Denoting the plant spinach and the or- 
der to which it belongs.— En eye. of Dom. Econ. 

SPIN'ACH ) (spin'aje), n. [L. spinacia ; It. spinace.] A plant 

SPIN'AGE 3 of the genus spinacia, whose leaves are boiled 
for greens and used for other culinary purposes. 

SPl'NAL, a. Pertaining to the spine or back-bone. 

SPIN'DLE (spin'dl), n. [Sax., Dan. spindr.L] 1. The pin used 
in spinning-wheels for twisting the thread, and on which 
the thread, when twisted, is wound. 2. A slender, pointed 
rod or pin on which any thing turns ; an axis or small axis. 
3. The fusee of a watch. 4. A long, slender stalk. 5. The 
iron pin or pivot on which a capstan turns. Totten. — 6. 
In geometry, a solid generated by the revolution of a curve 
line about its base or double ordinate. — Brands. 

SPIN'DLE, v. i. To shoot or grow in a long, slender stalk, 

SPIN'DLE-LEGS, \n. A tall, slender person. [Incon- 

SPIN'DLE-SHANKS, 5 tempt.] 

SPIN'DLE-SHANKED (spin'dl-shankt), a. Having long, 
slender legs. 

SPIN'DLE-SHaPED (spin'dl-shapt), a. Having the shape 
of a spindle ; fusiform. — Martyn. 

SPIN'DLE-TREE, n. A shrub, of the genus euonymus, 
whose fine, hard-grained wood was used for spindles and 
skewers. — Loudon. 

SPINDLE-WORM, n. The popular name of the caterpillar, 
a lepidopterous insect, which injures the maize in New 
England. 

SPINDLING, ppr. or a. Tall and slender; shooting into a 
small, tall stalk. — Ash. 

SPlNE, n. [L., It. spina; Fr. epine.] 1. The back-bone of 
an animal. 2. The shin of the leg. 3. A thorn ; a sharp 
process from the woody part of a plant. — 4. In zoology, a 
thin, pointed spike, as in fishes. — 5. Sometimes, a ridge. 

SPI'NEL, In. [It. spinella.] A very hard mineral, oc- 

SPl-NELLE', j curring in octahedrons, consisting of alu- 
mina and magnesia. When of a red or ruby color, it con- 
stitutes the gem spinel-ruby, or common ruby of jewelry. 
— Dana. 

SPI-NELL'ANE, n. The same with the mineral Hauyne. 

SPI-NES'CENT, a. Becoming hard and thorny. 

SPIN'ET, 77. [It. spinetta.] An instrument of music resem 
bling a harpsichord, but smaller ; a virginal ; a clavichord- 

t SPT'NET, n. [L. spinetum.] A small wood, or place where 
briars and thorns grow. — Ben Jonson. 

SPl-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. spina and fero.] Producing spines; 
bearing thorns. 

SPINK, n. A bird ; a finch.— Harte. 

SPIN'NER, n. 1. One who spins. 2. A spider. 

SPIN'NER, In. In entomology, an organ with which in- 

SPIN'NER-ET, 3 sects form their silk or webs.— Brande. 

SPIN'NING, ppr. Drawing out and twisting into threads , 
drawing out; delaying. 

SPIN'NING, 72. 1. The act of drawing out and twisting into 
threads. 2. The act of forming webs. 

SPIN'NING-JEN-NY, n. An engine for spinning wool or 
cotton, in the manufacture of cloth. 

SPINNING-WHEEL, n. A wheel for spinning. 

SPl-NOSI-TY, n. The state of being spiny or thorny ; crab- 
bedness. — Glanville. 



D6 VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN' GER, VP'CIOUS.— € asK; G as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t ObsoleU 



SP1 



954 



SPi 



SPI'NSSE ' \ °" ^- spinosus.] Full of spines ; thorny. 

SPl'NO-ZISM, n. The form of pantheism taught by Bene- 
dict Spinoza, a Jew of Amsterdam, who maintained that 
God is not only the maker, but also the original matter of 
the universe ; so that creation was only a development 
of himself by the Deity. — Murdoch. 

SPl/NO-ZIST, 7i. A believer in the doctrines of Spinoza. 

SPIN'STER, n. [spin and ster.] 1. A woman who spins, or 
whose occupation is to spin.— 2. In law, the common title 
by which a woman without rank or distinction is desig- 
nated. 

SPIN'STRY, n. The business of spinning. — Milton. 

SPIN'THERE, n. A greenish-gray variety of sphene. — Ure. 

SPIN'ULE, n. A minute spine. — Dana. 

SPIN'U-LOUS, a. Covered with minute spines. 

SPl'NY, a. [from spine.] 1. Full of spines ; thorny. 2. Per- 
plexed ; difficult ; troublesome. — Digby. 

* SPIR'A-CLE (spTr'a-kl or spi'ra-kl), n. [L. spiraculum.] 1. 
A 6mall aperture in animal and vegetable bodies, by which 
air or other fluid is exhaled or inhaled ; a small, hole, ori- 
fice, or vent ; a pore ; a minute passage, 2. Any small ap- 
erture, hole, or vent 

SPl'RAL, a. [It. spirale ; Fr. spiral.] Winding round a cyl- 
inder or other round body, or in a circular form, and at 
the same time rising or advancing forward ; winding like 
a_6crew. 

SPl'RAL, n. In geometry, the name given to a class of 
curves which continually recede from a center or pole, 
while they continue to revolve about it. — Brande. 

SPl'RAL-€oAT-ED, a. Coated spirally.— Smith. 

SPl'RAL-LY, adv. In a spiral form or direction ; in the 
manner of a screw. — Ray. 

t SPi-Ra'TION, n. [L. spiratio.] A breathing.— Barrow. 

SPIRE, n. [L. spira; Gr. onupa ; Sp. cspira.] 1. A winding 
line, like the threads of a screw ; any thing wreathed or 
contorted ; a curl ; a twist ; a wreath. 2. A body that 
shoots up to a point ; a tapering body ; a round pyramid 
or pyramidical body ; a steeple. — 3. In conchology, the 
spire of univalve shells consists of all the whorls except 
the lower one, which is termed the body. — Humble. 4. 
A stalk, or blade of grass or other plant. 5. The top or 
uppermost point of a thing. 

SPlRE, v. i. 1. To shoot ; to shoot up pyramidically. 2. 
To breathe ; [obs.] 3. To sprout, as grain in malting. 

SPlR£D, a. Having a spire. — Mason. 

SPI'RI-FER, n. [L. spira and fero.] The name of an extinct 
genus of mollusks, having a shell with two internal calca- 
reous spiral appendages. — Brande. 

8PIR'IT, 7i. [Fr. esprit ; It. spirito ; Sp. espiritu ; L. spiritus.] 

1. Primarily, wind ; air in motion : hence, breath ; [rare.] 

2. Animal excitement, or the eifect of it; elevation or ve- 
hemence of mind ; as, the troops attacked the enemy with 
great spirit ; the young man has the spirit of youth ; he 
speaks or acts with spirit. — Spirits, in the plural, is used 
in nearly a like sense ; as, the troops began to recover 
their spirits. — Swift. 3. Vigor of intellect ; genius ; as, 
" His wit, his beauty, and his spirit" (Butler) ; " The noblest 
spirit or genius can not deserve enough of mankind to 
pretend to the esteem of heroic virtue." — Temple. 4. Tem- 
per; disposition of mind, habitual or temporary; as, a 
man of a generous spirit, or of a revengeful spirit ; the 
ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 5. The soul of man ; 
the intelligent, immaterial, and immortal part of human 
beings. 6. An immaterial, intelligent substance. 7. An 
immaterial, intelligent being. 8. Turn of mind ; temper ; 
occasional state of the mind. 9. Powers of mind distinct 
from the body. 10. Sentiment ; perception. 11. Eager 
desire ; disposition of mind excited and directed to a par- 
ticular object. 12. A person of activity ; a man of life, 
vigor, or enterprise. 13. Persons distinguished by quali- 
ties of the mind. 14. Excitement of mind ; [usually in 
the plural ; as, high spirits.] 15. Life or strength of resem- 
blance ; essential qualities. 16. Something eminently 
pure and refined. 17. That which hath power or energy; 
the quality of any substance which manifests life, activity, 
or the power of strongly affecting other bodies. 18. A 
strong, pungent liquor, usually obtained by distillation, as 
rum, brandy, gin, whisky. 19. An apparition ; a ghost. 
20. The renewed nature of man. — Gal, v. 21. The influ- 
ences of the Holy Spirit. Matt., -KKu.—Holy Spirit, the 
third person in the Trinity. — Spirit of wine, pure alcohol ; 
so called because formerly obtained only from wine. — 
Syn. Life ; ardor ; fire ; courage ; animation ; cheerful- 
ness; vivacity; enterprise. 

SPIRIT, v. t. 1. To animate ; to actuate, as a spirit ; [rare.] 
2. To animate with vigor ; to excite ; to encourage. 3. To 
convey away rapidly and secretly, as if by the agency of 
a spirit; as, "I felt as if I had been spirited into some cas- 
tle of antiquity." — Willis. Hence, 4. To kidnap, or bear 
away surreptitiously : often with away. 

SPIRIT-LEVEL, n. An instrument for obtaining an 
exact horizontal line, by means of a bubble of air on j 



the surface of spirits of wine inclosed in a glass tubfc 

Buchanan. 
SPIRIT-PIeRCING, a. Piercing the spirit. 
SPIR'IT-SeARCH'ING, a. Searching the spirit. 

1?IR1?:|oSg G ' \ a - Excitin S the ^t-ScM. 

t SPIR'IT-AL-LY, adv. By means of the breath. 

SPIRIT-ED, pp. 1. Animated ; encouraged ; incited. 2. a 
Animated ; full of life ; full of spirit or fire. — Syn. Lively , 
vivacious ; animated ; ardent ; active ; bold ; courageous, 

SPIR'IT-ED-LY, adv. In a lively manner ; with spirit. 

SPIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. 1. Life ; animation 2. Disposition 
or make of mind ; [used in compounds.] 

i SPIR'IT-FUL, a. Lively ; full of spirit.— Ash. 

t SPIRIT-FUL-LY, adv. In a lively manner. 

t SPIR'IT-FUL-NESS, n. Liveliness ; sprightliness. 

SPIRIT-IN G, ppr. Animating ; actuating ; bearing away 

SPIR'IT-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of spirits ; wanting animo 
tion ; wanting cheerfulness ; dejected ; depressed. 2. Des- 
titute of vigor; wanting life, courage, or fire. 3. Having 
no breath ; extinct ; dead. — Greenhill. 

SPIR1T-LESS-LY, adv. Without spirit ; without exertion 

SPIR'IT-LESS-NESS, n. Dullness ; want of life or vigor. 

SPIR-I-TO'SO. [It.] In music, with spirit. 

SPIR'IT-OUS, a. 1. Like spirit ; refined ; defecated ; pure. 
— Milton. 2. Fine ; ardent ; active. — Smith. 

SPIR'IT-OUS-NESS, n. A refined state ; fineness and activ- 
ity of parts. — Boyle. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL, a. [Fr. spirituel ; It. spuituale ; L. spiritual- 
is.] 1. Consisting of spirit ; not material ; incorporeal. 
2. Mental ; intellectual. 3. Not gross ; refined from ex- 
ternal things ; not sensual ; relative to mind only. 4. Not 
lay or temporal ; relating to sacred things ; ecclesiastical. 

5. Pertaining to .'spirit or to the affections ; pure ; holy. 

6. Pertaining to the renewed nature of man. 7. Not 
fleshly; not material. 8. Pertaining to divine things.— 
Spiritual court, an ecclesiastical ^court. 

SPlR'IT-tT-AL-MxND'ED-NESS, n. The state of having 
spiritual exercises and holy affections ; spirituality. — Owen. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL-ISM, n. 1. The doctrine, in opposition to the 
materialists, that all which exists is spirit or soul — that 
what is called the external world is either a succession 
of notions impressed on the mind by the Deity, as main- 
tained by Berkeley, or else the mere educt of the mind it- 
self, as taught by Fichte. — Brande. 2. State of being spir- 
itual. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL-IST, n. 1. One who professes a regard for 
spiritual things only ; one whose employment is spiritual. 
— Halliwell. 2. One who maintains the doctrine of spirit- 
ualism. 

SPIR-IT-U-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Essence distinct from matter ; 
immateriality. 2. Intellectual nature. 3. Spiritual nature ; 
the quality -which respects the spirit or aflections of the 
heart only, and the essence of true religion. 4. Spiritual 
exercises and holy affections. 5. That which belongs to 
the Church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to religion. 
6. An ecclesiastical body. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

SPIR-IT-U-AL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of spiritualizing.— 
In chemistry, the operation of extracting spirit from natu- 
ral bodies. — Encyc. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL-IZE, v. i. [Fr. spiritualise.] 1. To refine 
the intellect ; to purify from the feculences of the world. 
2. To imbue with spirituality or life. — 3. In chemistry, to 
extract spirit from natural bodies. 4. To convert to a 
spiritual meaning. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL-IZ-ER, n. One who spiritualizes.— Warbur- 
ton. 

SPIR'IT-tJ-AL-LY, adv. Without corporeal grossness or 
sensuality ; in a manner conformed to the spirit of true 
religion ; with purity of spirit or heart. — Spiritually mind 
ed, having spiritual exercises and holy affections. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL-TY, n. Ecclesiastical body. [Not in use.]. 

SPIRIT-U-OUS, a. [Fr. spiritueux.] 1. Containing spirit, 
consisting of refined spirit ; ardent. 2. Having the quality 
of spirit ; fine ; pure ; active. 3. Lively ; gay ; vivid . 
airy; [obs.] 

SPIR'IT-U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being spiritu 
ous ; ardor ; heat ; stimulating quality. 2. Life ; tenuity ; 
activity. 

SPIRT. See Spurt, the more correct orthography. 

SPiRT'LE (spurfl), v. t. To spurt in a scattering manner 
— Drayton. 

SPiR'TL.ED, pp. Spurted scatteringly. 

SPIR'U-LA, n. [L.] A genus of cephalopods, having a dis- 
coid, multilocular shell. — P. Cyc. 

SPlR'Y, a. 1. Of a spiral form ; wreathed ; curved 2 
Having the form of a pyramid ; pyramidical. 

tSPISS, a. [L. spissus.] Thick; close; dense. 

SPISS'I-TUDE, n. Thickness of soft substances ; the dense 
ness or compactness which belongs to substances not per 
fectly liquid nor perfectly solid. 

SPIT, n. [Sax. spitu ; D. spit ; Sw. spett.] 1. An iron prong 
or bar pointed, on which meat is roasted. 2. [D. spit, a 



■See Synopsis. I.E. I, <fec. long.— a, E.I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY :- MARINE. BiRD ;— MOVE, BOQK 



SPL 



955 



SPL 



. *pade.] Such a depth of earth as is pierced by the spade 
at once; a spadeful. — Halliwell; [various dialects.] 3. A 
email point of land running into the sea, or a long, narrow 
shoal extending from the shore into the sea. 

SPIT, n. [Dan. spyt.] "What is ejected from the mouth ; 
saliva. 

SPIT, v. t. 1. To thrust a spit through ; to put upon a spit. 
2. To thrust through ; to pierce. 3. To spade or dig. 

SPIT, v. t. ; pret and pp. spit. Spat is obsolete. [Sax. spit- 
tan ; Sw. spotta ; Dan. spytter.] 1. To eject from the 
mouth ; to throw out, as saliva. 2. To eject or throw out 
with violence. 

SPIT, v. i. To throw out saliva from the mouth. 

SPIT-BOX, n. A vessel to receive ilischarges of spittle. 

SPIT-FULL, n. A spadeful. 

8PIT-VEN OM, n. Poison ejected from the mouth. 

f SPIT'AL, n. Corrupted from hospital ; as, " rob not the 
spital," or charitable foundation. — Spital sermon, a sermon 
annually delivered before the directors of the hospital. — 
Parr. 

SPITCH'COCK, v. t. To split an eel lenrthwise and broil it 

SPITCH'COCK, n. An eel split and broiled.— Decker. 

SPlTE, n. [D. spyt ; Ir. spid ; It dispetto.] Hatred ; malice ; 
malignity. Spite, however, is not alvays synonymous 
with these words. It often denotes a less deliberate and 
fixed hatred than malice and malignity, and is often a sud- 
den fit of ill-will excited by temporary ver.ation. It is the 
effect of extreme irritation, and is accompanied with a 
desire of revenge, or, at least a desire to ve x the object of 
ill-will. — In spite of, in opposition to all effoits ; in defiance 
or contempt of. — Syn. Rancor ; malevo'ence ; pique ; 
grudge. 

SPITE, v. t. 1. To be angry or vexed at 2. To mischief; 
to vex ; to treat maliciously ; to thwart. 3. To fill with 
spite or vexation ; to offend ; to vex ; [obs.] 

SPITED, pp. Hated ; vexed. 

SPlTE'FUL, a. Filled with spite ; having a desire to vex, 
annoy, or injure; malignant; malicious. — Shak. 

SPrTE'FUL-LY, adv. With a desire to vex, annoy, or in- 
jure ; malignantly ; maliciously. — Swift. 

SPlTE'FUL-NESS, n. The desire to ve"x, annoy, or do mis- 
chief^ proceeding from irritation ; malice ; malignity. 

SPITFIRE, n. A violent or passionate persoi. — Grose. 
[Low.] 

SPITTED, pp. 1. Put on a spit. 2. Shot out int o length. 

SPITTER, n. 1. One who puts meat on a spit 2. One 
who ejects saliva from his mouth. 3. A young deer 
whose horns begin to shoot or become sharp ; a brocket 
or pricket 

SPITTING, ppr. 1. Putting on a spit. 2. Ejecting saliva. 

SPITTLE (spiftl), 72. [from spit.] 1. Saliva ; the thick, 
moist matter which is secreted by the salivary glands, and 
ejected from the mouth. 2. A small sort of sp ide (spad- 
dle). 

SPITTLE, n. See Spital. 

SPITTLE, v. t. To dig or stir with a small spade. [Lical] 

SPIT-TOON', n. A more fashionable name for spit-box. 

SPLANCH-NOL'O-dY, n. [Gr. a^ayxva and \oyoi.) 1. The 
doctrine of the viscera ; or a treatise or description of the 
viscera. 2. The doctrine of diseases of the internal parts 
of the body. 

SPLASH, v. t. To spatter with water, or with water and 
mud. 

SPLASH, v. i. To strike and dash about water. 

SPLASH, n. Water, or water and dirt thrown upon any 
thing, or thrown from a puddle and the like. 

SPLASH'-BoARD, n. A guard in front of a vehicle, to pre- 
vent its being splashed by mud from the horse's heels. 

SPLASHED (splasht), pp. Spattered with water or mud. 

SPLASHING, ppr. 1. Spattering with water or mud. 2. 
Striking and dashing about water. 

SPLASHT, a. Full of dirty water ; wet ; wet and muddy. 

SPLaY, v. t. [See Display.] 1. To dislocate or break a 
horse's shoulder-bone. — Johnson. 2. To spread. — Mease; 
[rare.] 

f SPLaY, for display. 

SPLaY, a. Displayed; spread; turned outward. 

SPLaY, n. A slanted or sloped surface ; particularly, the 
expansion given to doors, windows, &c, by slanting then- 
sides. — GtGss. of Ar chit. 

SPLaY'-FOOT, \a. Having the foot turned outward ; 

SPLaY'-FOOT-ED, 5 having a wide foot. 

SPLaY'-MOUTH, n. A wide mouth; a mouth stretched 
by design. 

SPLaY\£D, pp. or a. 1. Dislocated, as a horse's shoulder- 
bone. — 2. a. In architecture, oblique; having one side 
which makes an oblique angle with the other. 

SPLEEN, n. [L. splen ; Gr. ottXvv.] 1. The milt ; a spongy 
viscus. situated near the large extremity of the stomach 
and under the ribs. Its use is not known. It was sup- 
posed, by the ancients, to be the seat of melancholy, anger, 
or vexation. 2. Latent spite ; ill-humor. 3. A fit of an- 
ger. 4. A fit ; a sudden motion ; [obs.] 5. Melancholy j 



hypochondriacal affections. 6. Immoderate merriment 

— Shak. ; [obs.] 
SPLEEV-W6RT, n. [L. splenium.] A species of fern, for 

merly supposed to be a specific for diseases of the spleen 

milt- wort 
SPLEEN.ED, a. Deprived of the spleen — Arbuthnot. 
SPLEEN'FUL, a. 1. Angry ; peevish ; fretful. — Shak. 2 

Melancholy j hypochondriacal. — Pope. 
SPLEEN'ISH, a. Spleeny ; affected with spleen. 
SPLEEN'ISH-LY, adv. In a spleenish manner. 
SPLEENTSH-NE8S, n. State of being spleenish. 
t SPLEEN'LESS, a. Kind ; gentle ; mild. — Chapman. 
SPLEENT, a. 1. Angry ; peevish ; fretful.— Shak. 2. M*I 

ancholv ; affected with nervous complaints. 
SPLEN'DENT, a. [L. splendens.] 1. Shining; glossy 

beaming with light. 2. Very conspicuous ; illustrious. 
SPLENDID, a. [L. splendidus ; Fr. splendide ; It. splendido.) 

1. Proper ly, shining; very bright. 2. Showy; magnificent, 
sumptuous ; pompous. 3. Illustrious ; heroic ; brilhant 
4. Illustrious ; famous ; celebrated. 

SPLEN'DID-LY, adv. 1. With great brightness or brilliant 
light. 2. Magnificently; sumptuously; richly. 3. With 
great pomp or show. 

SPLEN'DOR, n. [L.] 1. Great brightness ; brilliant lustre. 

2. Great show of riches and elegance : magnificence. 3. 
Brilliance of appearance, as of ceremonies. 4. Brilliancy 
eminence. — Syn. Lustre ; splendor ; brilliance ; magnifi- 
cence : gorgeousness ; display ; showiness ; pomp ; parade. 

f SPLEN'DROUS, a. Having splendor.— Drayton. 

SPLEN'E-T1€, n. A person affected with spleen.— Tatler. 

SPLEN'E-TIC, ) a. [L. spleneticus.] Afi'ected with spleen. 

SPLE-NETI€-AL, 5 — Syn. Morose ; gloomy ; sullen , 
peevish : fretful. 

SPLE-NETTC-AL-LY, a. In a morose or spleeny manner. 

SPLENIC, a. [Fr. splenique.] Belonging to the spleen ; ha 
the splenic vein. — Ray. 

SPLEN'ISH, a. Anected with spleen ; peevish ; fretful. 

SPLE-Nl'TIS, n. Inflammation of the spleen. 

t SPLENl-TlVE, a. Hot ; fiery ; passionate ; irritable. 

SPLENT, n._ See Splint. 

SPLENT-€oAL, n. An inferior kind of cannel-coal, from 
the Scotch collieries. 

SPLICE, v. t. [Sw. splissa ; D. splissen ; Ger. spleissen.) To 
separate the strands of the two ends of a rope, and unite 
them by a particular manner of interweaving them ; or to 
unite the end of a rope to any part of another, by a like 
interweaving of the strands. — Splice the main-brace, among 
seamen, a phrase that signifies an extra allowance of spirits, 
in cases of cold or wet. 

SPLICE, n. The union of ropes by interweaving the 
strands. — Mar. Diet. 

SPLICED (splist), pp. United, a3 a rope, by a particular 
manner of interweaving the two ends. 

SPLl'CING, ppr. Separating the strands of two ends of a 
rope, and uniting them by interweaving. 

SPLl'CING, n. The act or process of splicing. 

SPLINT, in. [D. splinter; Ger. splint.] 1. A piece of 

SPLINTER, > wood split off; a thin piece of wood, or 
other solid substance, rent from the main body.— 2. In sur- 
gery, a thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to 
hold or confine a broken bone when set. 3. A piece of 
bone rent oft' in a fracture. — 4. Splint, in farriery, a hard 
excrescence growing on the shank-bone3 of horses. 
Farm. Encyc. 

SPLINT, \v. t. 1. To split or rend into long, thin pie- 

SPLINTER j ces ; to shiver. 2. To confine with splint- 
ers, as a broken limb. 

SPLINTER, v. i. To be split or rent into long pieces. 

SPLINTER-BaR, n. A cross-bar in a coach, which sup- 
ports the springs. 

SPLINTERED, "pp. or a. Split into splinters ; secured by 
splints. 

SPLINTER-IN G, ppr. Splitting into splinters ; securing by 
splints. 

SPLINTER-Y, a. Consisting of splinters, or resembling 
splinters ; as, the splintery fracture of a mineral. — Kirwan. 

SPLIT, v. t. ; pret. and pp.' split. [D. splitten ; Dan. splitter.] 

1. To divide longitudinally or lengthwise ; to separate a 
thing from end to end by force ; to rive ; to cleave. 2. To 
rend ; to tear asunder by violence ; to burst. 3. To di- 
vide ; to part 4. To dash and break on a rock. 5. To 
divide ; to break into discord. 6. To strain and pain with 
laughter. 

SPLIT, v. i. 1. To burst ; to part asunder ; to sutler dis- 
ruption ; to crack. 2. To burst with laughter. 3. To be 
broken ; to be dashed to pieces. — To split on a rock, to fail , 
to err fatally. — Spectator. 

SPLIT, n. 1. A crack, rent or longitudinal fissure. — Totten 

2. A breach or separation, as in a political party ; [collo 
quial.] 

SPLITTER n. One who splits.— Swift. 
SPLITTING, ppr. Bursting ; riving ; rending. 
SPLUTTER, n. A bustle ; a stir. [A low word. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;-AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolet4 



SPO 



956 



SPO 



United States. 
SPoKE'-SHa VE, n. A kind of plane, for dressing the spofees 
-Buchanan. 



gPLUTTER, v. i To speak hastily and confusedly. \Low.] 

&?OD'U-MENE, 7i. [Gr. ottoSou, to burn to ashes : from its 
assuming a form like ashes before the blowpipe.] A min- 
eral, of a foliated structure ; called by Haiiy tripkanc. It 
contains lithia, with silica and alumina. 

SPOIL, v. t. [Fr. spolier; It. spogliare ; L. spolio.] 1. To 
plunder ; to strip by violence ; to rob. 2. To seize by 
violence ; to take by force ; to plunder. 3. [Sax. spillan.] 
To corrupt ; to cause to decay and perish. 4. To corrupt ; 
to vitiate ; to mar ; to taint. 5. To ruin ; to destroy. 6. 
To render useless by injury. 7. To injure fatally. 

SPOIL, v. i. 1. To practice plunder or robbery. 2. To de- 
cay ; to lose the valuable qualities ; to be cornipted. 

SPOIL, n. [L. spolium.] 1. That which is taken from others 
by violence ;' particularly, in war, the plunder taken from 
an enemy ; pillage ; booty ; prey. 2. That which is gained 
by strength or effort 3. That which is taken from another 
without license. 4. The act or practice of plundering ; 
robbery ; waste. 5. Corruption ; cause of corruption. 
6. The slough or cast skin of a serpent or other animal. 

SPOILED, pp. or a. Plundered; pillaged ; corrupted. 

SPOfL'ER, ra. 1. A plunderer; a pihager ; a robber. 2. 
One who corrupts, mars, or renders useless. 

SPOIL'FUL, a. Wasteful; rapacious. — Spenser. [Little 
used.] 

SPOILING, ppr. 1. Plundering; pillaging; corrupting ; 
rendering useless. 2. Wasting ; decaying. 

SPOILING, n. Plunder; waste. 

SPoKE, pret. of speak. 

SPOKE, n. [Sax. spaca ; D. spaak.] 1. The radius or ray 
of a wheel ; one of the small bars which are inserted in 
the hub or nave, and which serve to support the rim or 
felly. 2. The spar or round of a ladder ; [not used in the 

' r E,n. 
of wheels and other curved work 

SPoKEN (spok'n), pp. of speak. 

SPoKES'MAN, ra. One who speaks for another. 

SPo'LI-aTE, v. t. [L. spolio.] To plunder ; to pillage ; to 
rob. 

SPo'LI-aTE, v. i. To practice plunder ; to commit robbery. 

SPO'LI-A-TED, pp. Plundered ; robbed. 

SPO LI-A'TION, n. 1. The act of plundering ; particularly, 
of plundering an enemy in time of war. 2. The act or 
practice of plundering neutrals at sea, under authority. — 
3. In ecclesiastical affairs, the act of an incumbent in taking 
the fruits of his benefice without right, but under a pre- 
tended title. 

SPON-Da'IC, )a. Pertaining to a spondee ; denoting 

SPON-Da'I€-AL, 5 two long feet in poetry. See Spondee. 

SPONDEE, n. [Fr. spondee; It. spondeo; L. spondoeus.] A 
poetic foot of two long syllables. — Broome. 

SPON'DyLE, \ n. [L. spondylus.] A joint of the back-bone ; 

SPON'DYL, > a vertebra*.— Coze. 

SPONgE (spunje), n. [L. spongia ; Gr. orroyyia ; Fr. eponge ; 
It. zpugna; Sp. esponja; Sax. spongea.] 1. A porous 
marine substance, found adhering to rocks, shells, &c, 
under water, and on rocks about the shore, at low water. 
It readily imbibes liquids, and as readily, by compression, 
gives tbem out again. It is much used for various pur- 
poses. — 2. In gunnery, a wooden cylinder, with a handle, 
and covered with lamb-skin or wool, for cleaning cannon 
after a discharge.— 3. In the manege, the extremity or 
point of a horse-shoe, answering to the heel. 

SPONGE, v. t. 1. To wipe with a wet sponge. 2. To wipe 
out with a sponge, as letters or writing. 3. To cleanse 
with a sponge. 4. To wipe out completely ; to extinguish 
or destroy. 

SPONgE, v. i. 1. To suck in or imbibe, as a sponge. 2. To 
gain by mean arts, by intrusion, or hanging on. 

SPONgE'-€aKE, ra. A kind of sweet cake which is very 
light and spongy. 

SPONGED, pp. "Wiped with a sponge ; wiped out. 

SPONG'ER, n. One who uses a sponge ; a hanger-on. 

SPONG'I-FORM, a. [sponge and form.] Resembling a 
sponge ; soft and porous ; porous. 

SPONG'I-NESS, n. The quality or state of being spongy, or 
porous like sponge. — Harvey. 

SPONGING, ppr. 1. Wiping with a wet sponge ; cleansing 
with a sponge. 2. Gaining by mean arts, by intrusion, or 
hanging on. 

SPONG'ING-HOUSE, ra. A bailiff's house, to put debtors 
in, until they are taken to prison. 

SPON'GI-OLE, n. [See Sponge.] In botany, a supposed ex- 
pansion (if minute parts at the termination of radicles, re- 
sembling a sponge, for absorbing the nutriment of plants. 

SPONg'I-OUS, a. Full of small cavities, like a sponge. 

SPONG'Y, a. 1. Soft and full of cavities ; of an open, loose, 
pliable texture. 2. Full of small cavities. 3. Wet ; 
drenched ; soaked and soft, like sponge. 4. Having the 
quality of imbibing fluids. 
BPONK (spunk), ra. [a word probably formed on punk.] 
Touch-wood.— In Scotland, a match. See Spunk. 



SPON'SAL, a. [L. sponsalis.] Relating to marriage, or to « 
spouse. 

SPON'SI-BLE, a. Worthy of credit. [Local] 

SPON'SION (spon'shun), n. [L. sponsio.] 1. The act of be- 
coming surety for another. — 2. In international law, an uct 
or engagement on behalf of a state, by an agent not spe 
cially authorized for the purpose, or one who exceeds the 
limits of authority. — Brande. , 

SPON'SOR, ra. [L.] 1. A surety ; one who binds himself to 
answer for another, and is responsible for his default. — 
2. In some Christian communions, the name given to those 
who, at the baptism of infants, profess the Christian faith 
in their name, and guaranty their religious education ; a 
god-father or god-mother. — Brande. 

SPON-So'RI-AL. a. Pertaining to a sponsor. 

SPON'SOR-SHIP, ra. State of being a sponsor. 

SPON-TA-N£'I-TY, \n. [L. sponte.] The quality oi 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, 5 proceeding or acting from na- 
ture, feeling, proneness, or temperament, without com- 
pulsion or external force ; willingness. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. spontaneus.] ]. Voluntary ; pro- 
ceeding from internal native feeling, proneness, oi tem- 
perament, without compulsion or constraint; as, a s^vnta- 
neous gift or proposition. 2. Acting by its own impulse, 
energy, or natural law, without external force ; not me- 
chanical; as, spontaneous motion. 3. Produced without 
being planted, or without human labor, as a growth of 
weeds. — Spontaneous combustion, a taking fire of itself. 

SPON-Ta/NE-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Of one's own internal or na 
tivc feeling; of one's own accord. 2. By its own force or 
energy ; without the impulse of a foreign cause. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. See Spontaneity. 

SPON-TOON', ra. [Fr., Sp. esponton.] A kind of half pike , 
a military weapon borne by inferior officers of infantry 

SPOOK, ) n. [Ger. spuk.] A spirit ; a ghost ; a hobgoblin.— 

SPuKE, I Bulwer. 

SPOOL, ra. [G. spule ; D. spoel.] A piece of cane or reed, or 
a hollow cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end ; usa " 
by weavers to wind their yarn upon. 

SPOOL, v. t. To wind on spools. 

SPOOL'-STAND, ra. An article holding spools of fine threa* 
turning on pins, used by ladies at their work. 

SPOOLED (spoold), pp. Wound on a spool. 

SPOOLING, ppr. Winding on spools. 

SPOOM, v. i. To be driven swiftly. 

SPOON, n. [Ir. sponog.] 1. A small domestic utensil, with • 
bowl or concave part and a handle for dipping liquids. 1 
An instrument consisting of a bowl or hollow iron and 
long handle, used for taking earth out of'holes dug for set 
ting posts. 

f SPOON, v. i. To put before the wind in a gale. 

SPOON-BILL, n. The name of certain wading birds allieo 
in form and habits to the herons, but having a long, larg« 
bill, much flattened, and at the extremity dilated and 
rounded into the form of a spoon. 

SPOON-DRIFT, n. In seamen's language, a showery sprink 
ling of sea-water, swept from the surface in a tempest.- 
Totten. 

SPOON-MEAT, n. [spoon and meat.] Food that is or must 
be taken with a spoon ; liquid food. 

SPOON-WORT (-wurt), n. A plant ; scurvy-grass. 

SPOON'FUL, n. 1. As much as a spoon contains or is able 
to contain. 2. A small quantity of a liquid. 

SPO-RAD'IC, I a. [Fr. sporadique; Gr. otropaducos.] Sep 

SPO-RAD'I€-AL, ) arate ; single; scattered, [used only in 
reference to diseases.] — Sporadic disease, one occurring in 
single and scattered cases: opposed to epidemic and era 
demic. 

SPORE, I ra. [Gr. ottoDcx;, a sowing.] In botany, that part 

SPOR'ULE, > of flowerless plants which performs the tunc 
tion of seeds. 

SPo'RID, ra. In botany, a naked corcle, destitute of radicle, 
cotyledon, and hilum. — Lindley. 

SPORT, n. [D. boert.] 1. That which diverts and makes 
merry ; also the result or mirth produced. 2. Contempt- 
uous mirth. 3. That with which one plays, or which is 
driven about. 4. Idle jingle. 5. Diversion of the field, as 
fowling, hunting, fishing.— In sport. To do a thing in sport 
is to do it in jest. — Syn. Play ; game ; diversion ; frolic , 
mirth ; mock ; mockery ; jeer. 

SPoRT, v. t. 1. To divert ; to make merry. 2. To repre- 
sent by any kind of play.— Dry den. 3. To exhibit or bring 
out in public ; as, to sport a new equipage. — Grose. [Fa- 
miliar.] 

SPORT, v. i. 1. To indulge in sport. 2. To practice the di 
versions of the field. 3. To trifle.— Syn. To play ; trolic 
game ; wanton. 

SPORT'ER, n. One who sport?. 

SPORTFUL, a. 1. Merry ; frolicsome ; full of jesting ; in- 
dulging m mirth or play. 2. Ludicrous ; done in jest or 
for mere play. 

SPORT'FUL-L Y, adv. In mirth ; in jest ; for the sake of di 
version ; playfully. 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



SPR 



957 



SPR 



SPORrFUL-NESS, n. Play; merriment; frolic ; a playful 
disposition ; playfulness. 

SPORTING, ppr. or a. Indulging sport ; practicing the di- 
versions of the field. 

SPORT! VE, a. 1. Full of sport ; indulging in sport or play. 
— Shak. 2. Inclined to mirth. — Syn. Gay ; playful ; mer- 
ry ; sprightly ; jocund ; jesting ; wanton ; ludicrous. 

SPoRTIVE-LY, adv. Gayly; merrily; playfully. 

SP0RT1VE-NESS, n. 1. Playfulness ; mirth ; merriment. 
— Walton. 2. Disposition to mirth. 

SPORT'LESS, a. Without sport or mirth ; joyless. 

SPoRTS'MAN, n. 1. One who pursues the sports of the 
field ; one who hunts, fishes, and fowls. 2. One skilled in 
the sports of the field. 

SPuRTS'MAN-SHIP, n. The practice of sportsmen. 

SPORTU-LA-RY, a. [from L. sporta.] Subsisting on alms 
or charitable contributions. — Hall. [Little used.] 

i SPORT'ULE, n. [L. sportula.] An alms ; a dole ; a chari- 
table gift or contribution. — Ayliffe. 

SPOR'ULE, n. A diminutive of Spore, which see. 

SPOT, n. [13. spat ; Dan. spette.] 1. A mark on a substance 
made by foreign matter ; a place discolored. 2. A stain 
on character or reputation ; something that soils purity. 
3. A small extent of space ; any particular place. 4. A 
place of a different color from the ground. 5. A variety 
of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a spot on 
its head, just above its beak. 6. A dark place on the disk 
or face of the sun or of a planet. [See solar spots, under 
Solas.] 7. A lucid place in the heavens. — Upon the spot, 
immediately; without changing place. — Syn. Stain; flaw; 
speck ; blot ; disgrace ; reproach ; fault ; blemish ; place ; 
site; locality. 

SPOT, v. t. 1. To make a visible mark with some foreign 
matter ; to discolor ; to stain. 2. To patch by way of or- 
nament. 3. To stain ; to blemish ; to taint ; to disgrace ; 
to tarnish, as reputation. — To spot timber, is to cut or chip 
it, in preparation for hewing. 

SPOTLESS, a. 1. Free from spots, foul matter, or discol- 
oration. 2. Free from reproach or impurity. — Syn. Un- 
spotted ; blameless ; unblemished ; pure ; immaculate ; 
irreproachable. 

SPOTLESS-NESS, n. Freedom from spot or stain ; free- 
dom from reproach. — Donne. 

SPOTTED, pp. or a. Marked with spots or places of a dif- 
ferent color from the ground. 

SPOTTED-NESS, n. The quality of being spotted. 

SPOTTER, n. One who makes spots. 

SPOTTI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being spotty. 

SPOTTING, ppr. Marking with spots ; staining. 

SPOTTY, a. Full of spots ; marked with discolored 
places. 

f SPOUS'A(JE, n. The act of espousing. See Spouse. 

SPOUS'AL, a. [from spouse.] Pertaining to marriage ; nup- 
tial ; matrimonial ; conjugal ; connubial ; bridal. 

SPOUS'AL, n. [Fr. epousailles ; L. sponsalia.] Marriage ; 
nuptials. [It is now generally used in the plural.] 

SPOUSE (spouz), n. [Fr. epouse ; Sp. esposo, esposa.] One 
engaged or joined in wedlock ; a married person, husband 
or wife. 

SPOUSE (spouz), v. t. To wed ; to espouse. — Chaucer. 
[Little used.] 

SPOUSED, pp. Wedded; joined in marriage; married. — 
Milton. [But seldom used.] 

SPOUSELESS, a. Destitute of a husband or of a wife. 

SPOUT, n. [D. spuit.] 1. A pipe, or a projecting mouth of 
a vessel, useful in directing the stream of a liquid poured 
out 2. A pipe conducting water from another pipe, or 
from a trough on a house. 3. A violent discharge of wa- 
ter raised in a column at sea like a whirlwind, or by a 
whirlwind. 

SPOUT, v. t. 1. To throw out, as liquids, through a narrow 
orifice or pipe. 2. To throw out words with affected grav- 
ity ; to mouth.— Beaumont and Fletcher. 

SPOUT, v. i. To issue with violence, as a liquid through a 
narrow orifice or from a spout. 

SPOUTED, pp. Thrown in a stream from a pipe. 
SPOUTER, n. A haranguer ; an orator ; [in contempt.] 
SPOUTING, ppr. or a. Throwing in a stream from a pipe 

or narrow opening ; pouring out words violently. 
SPOUTING, n. The act of throwing out ; a violent or af- 
fected speech ; a harangue. 
SPRA€K. See Sprag. 

SPRAG, a. Vigorous ; sprightly. — Halliwell. [Local] Note. 
In America, this word is, in popular language, pronounced 
spry, which is a contraction of sprigh, in sprightly. 
SPRAG, n. A young salmon. — Grose. [Local] 
SPRaIN, v. I. [probably Sw. spranga, to break or loosen.] 
To weaken the motive power of a part by a sudden and 
excessive exertion ; to overstrain the muscles or liga- 
ments of a joint ; to stretch the muscles or ligaments so 
as to injure them, but without luxation or dislocation. 
SPRaIN, n. The weakening of the motive power of a part 
by sudden and excessive exertion ; an excessive strain of 



the muscles or ligaments of a joint without dislocation.- 
Temple. 
SPR.\IN£D, pp. or ft. Injured by excessive straining 
SPRAINING, ppr. Injuring by excessive extension. 
SPR aINTS, n. pi. The dung of an otter.— Bailey. 
SPRANG, pret. of spring ; but sprung is more generally 

used. 
SPRAT, n. [D. sprot ; G. sprotte.] A small fish, closely al 
lied to the herring and pilchard. 

SPRAWL, v. i. 1. To spread and stretch the body cart 1 J!»- 
ly in a horizontal position ; to lie with the limbs stretched 
out or struggling. 2. To move, when lying down, with 
awkward extension and motions of the limbs ; to scrabble 
or scramble in creeping. 3. To widen or open irregular 
ly, as a body of horse. 

SPRAWLTNG, ppr. or a. 1. Lying with the limbs awk 
wardly stretched ; creeping with awkward motions. 2. 
Widening or opening irregularly, as cavalry. 

SPRaY, n. [probably allied to sprig.] 1. A small shoot or 
branch of a tree ; a twig. 2. A collective body of small 
branches ; as, the tree has a beautiful spray. Doicning. — 
3. Among seamen, the water that is driven from the top ol 
a wave by wind, and which spreads and flies in small par- 
ticles. 

SPREAD (spred), v. t. ; pret. and pp. spread, or sprcd. [Sax. 
spradan, spredan ; Dan. spreder.] 1. To extend in length 
and breadth, or in breadth only ; to stretch or expand to 
a broader surface. 2. To extend ; to form into a plate. 
3. To set ; to place ; to pitch. 4. To cover by extending 
something ; to reach every part. 5. To extend ; to shoot 
to a greater length in every direction so as to fill or cover 
a wider space. 6. To divulge, as news or fame ; to cause 
to be more extensively known. 7. To send forth ; to cause 
to affect great numbers, as an infection. 8. To emit ; to 
send forth, as emanations or effluvia. 9. To scatter over 
a larger surface. 10. To prepare ; to set and furnish with 
provisions. 11. To open ; to unfold ; to unfurl ; to stretch. 
— Syn. To diffuse ; to propagate ; to disperse ; publish ; 
distribute ; scatter ; circulate ; disseminate ; dispensate. 

SPREAD (spred), v. i. 1. To extend itself in length and 
breadth, in all directions, or in breadth only ; to be ex- 
tended or stretched. 2. To be extended by drawing or 
beating. 3. To be propagated or made known more ex- 
tensively. 4. To be propagated from one to another. 

SPREAD, n. 1. Extent; compass. 2. Expansion of parts. 
3. A cloth used as a cover ; a table, as being spread or fur- 
nished with a meal. [Colloquial] 

SPREAD'-EA'GLE (-e'gl), n. In armorial bearings, the figure 
of an eagle with its wings elevated and its legs extended 
—Booth. 

SPReAD'ER (spred'er), n. 1. One who spreads, extends, 
expands, or propagates. 2. One who divulges ; one who 
causes to be more generally known ; a publisher. 

SPREADING (spred'ing), ppr. 1. Extending ; expanding ; 
propagating ; divulging ; dispersing ; diffusing. 2. a. Ex- 
tending or extended over a large space ; wide. 

SPREADING, n. The act of extending, dispersing, or prop- 
agating. 

SPREE, n. A merry frolic, often with drinking. — Halliwell, 
[Low.] 

tSPRENT, pp. Sprinkled.— Spenser. -See Sprinkle. 

SPREW (spru), n. [D. spreeuw or spreuuw.] The disease 
called thrush. 

SPREY (spra), a. Spruce. -See Spruce. 

SPRIG, n. [W. ysbrig.] 1. A small shoot or twig of a tree 
or other plant ; a spray. 2. A brad, or nail "without a 
head ; [local] 3. The representation of a small branch in 
embroidery. 4. A small eye-bolt ragged at the point. 

SPRIG, v. t. To mark or adorn with the representation ol 
small branches ; to work with sprigs. 

SPRIG'-GRYSTAL, n. A cluster of pointed prismatic crys- 
tals of quartz, adhering by one extremity to the rock.— 
Woodward. 

SPRIGG£D, pp. Wrought with representations of small 
twigs. 

SPRIG'GING, ppr. Working with sprigs. 

SPRIG'GY, a. Full of sprigs or small branches. 

SPRlGHT, ? n. [G. spriet.] 1. A spirit ; a shade ; a soul ; 

SPRITE, 3 an incorporeal agent. 2. A walking spirit ; 
an apparition. 3. Power which give3 cheerfulness or 
courage ; [obs.] 4. An arrow ; [obs.] 

t SPRlGHT (sprite), v. t. To haunt, as a spright.— Shak. 

SPRlGHT'FUL, a. Lively ; brisk ; nimble ; vigorous ; gay ; 
sprightly.— Shak. 

SPRIGHTFUL-LY, adv. Briskly ; vigorously. — Shak. 

SPRTGHTFUL-NESS. n. Briskness ; liveliness ; vivacitv. 

SPRlGHTLESS, a. Destitute of life ; dull ; sluggish. 

SPRlGHTLI-NESS (spritele-), n. Liveliness ; life ; brisk- 
ness; vigor; activity; gayety ; vivacity. 

SPRIGHTLY (sprite le), a. Full of life and activity.— Syn. 
Lively ; brisk ; animated ; vigorous ; airy ; gay ; active ; 
agile ; assiduous ; alert. 

SPRING, v. i. ; pret. sprung, [sprang not wholly obsolete ;] 



fliWF, ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. VI'CIOUS.— € as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this \ Obsolete. 



SPR 



958 



SPU 



pp. sprung. [Sax. springan ; D., G. springen.] 1. To veg- 
etate and rise out of the ground ; to begin to appear, as 
vegetables. 2. To begin to grow. 3. To proceed, as from 
the seed or cause. 4. To arise ; to appear ; to begin to 
appear or exist. 5. To break forth ; to issue into sight or 
notice. 6. To issue or proceed, as from ancestors or from 
a country. 7. To proceed, as from a cause, reason, prin- 
ciple, or other original. 8. To grow ; to thrive. 9. To 
proceed or issue, as from a fountain or source. 10. To 
leap ; to bound ; to jump. 11. To fly back ; to start. 12. 
To start or rise suddenly from a covert. 13. To shoot ; 
to issue with speed and violence. 14. To bend or wind 
from a straight direction or plane surface ; as, the door is 
sprung, a horse's knees are sprung. — To spring at, to leap 
toward ; to attempt to reach by a leap. — To spring in, to 
rush in ; to enter with a leap or in haste. — To spring forth, 
to leap out; to rush out. — To spring on or upon, to leap 
on ; to assault. 

SPRING, v. t. 1. To start or rouse, as game ; to cause to 
rise from the earth or from a covert. 2. To produce 
quickly or unexpectedly.— Dryden. 3. To start ; to con- 
trive or to produce or propose on a sudden ; to produce 
unexpectedly. — Swift. 4. To cause to explode. 5. To i 
burst; to cause to open. 6. To crack. 7. To cause to ■ 
rise from a given spot ; as, to spring an arch. 8. To cause 
to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap. — To spring a 
leak, to commence leaking. — To spring a rattle, to put a 
watchman's rattle in motion ; see Watchman. 

SPRING, n. 1. A leap ; a bound; a jump, as of an animal. 
2. A flying back ; the resilience of a body recovering its 
former state by its elasticity. 3. Elastic power or force. 
4. An elastic body, usually of steel or some other metal ; 
a body which, when bent or forced from its natural state, 
has the power of recovering it. 5. Any active power ; 
that by which action or motion is produced or propaga- 
ted. 6. A fountain of water ; an issue of water from the 
earth, or the basin of water at the place of its issue. 7. 
The place where water usually issues from the earth, 
though no water is there. 8. A source ; that from which 
supplies are drawn. 9. Rise ; original. 10. Cause ; orig- 
inal. 11. The season of the year when plants begin to veg- 
etate and rise ; the vernal season. — 12. In seamen's lan- 
guage, a crack or fissure in a mast or yard, running oblique- 
ly or transversely. 13. A rope or hawser by which a ship 
is held at one part, as the bow or quarter, in order to keep 
her in a particular position, or to turn her in a short com- 
pass. — Brande. 14. A plant; a shoot ; a young tree ; [obs.] 
15. A youth; [obs.] 16. A hand; a shoulder of pork; [obs.] 

SPRING'-BOK, n. [D. spring and bole] A species of ante- 
lope inhabiting the plains of Southern Africa ; the springer 
antelope. 

SPRING'-HALT, n. [spring and halt.] A kind of lameness 
in which a horse suddenly twitches up his legs. — Shah. 

SPRING-HEAD, n. A fountain or source. — Herbert. 

SPRING'-TlDE, n. The tide which happens at or soon 
after the new and full moon, which rises higher than com- 
mon tides. 

SPRING-TlME, n. The season of spring. 

SPRING'-WHeAT, n. A species of wheat to be sown in 
the spring ; so called in distinction from winter wheat. 

fSPRING'AL, }n. 1. A youth.— Spenser. 2. An ancient 

* SPRIN"GALL, J military engine for casting stones and 
arrows. — Halliioell. 

SPRING'BA€K, n. In the bindery, the cover of a book 
which is not made fast to the back, but which springs 
back when the book is opened. 

SPRINGE (sprinj), n. A gin ; a noose, which, being fasten- 
ed to an elastic body, is drawn close with a sudden spring, 
by which means it catches a bird. 

SPRINgE, v. t. To catch in a springe ; to insnare. 

SPRING'ER, n. 1. One who springs ; one who rouses game. 

2. A name given to the grampus. — 3. In architecture, the 
impost, or point at which an arch unites with its support ; 
also, the bottom stone of an arch, which lies on the im- 
post; also, the rib of a groined roof. — 4. Springer, a species 
of antelope in Southern Africa ; the spring-bok. 

SPRING'I-NESS, n. 1. Elasticity ; also, the power of spring- 
ing. 2. The state of abounding with springs ; wetness ; 
sponginess, as of land. 

SPRINGING, ppr. or a. Arising ; shooting up ; leaping ; 
proceeding ; rousing. — Springing use, in estates, one which 
may arise on the occurrence of some future event. — 
Bouvier. 

SPRINGING, n. 1. The act cr process of leaping, arising, 
issuing, or proceeding. 2. Growth ; increase. Ps. lxv. — 

3. In building, the impost, or point at which an arch 
unites with its support ; a springer. — Gloss, of Archit. 

\ SPRIN"GLE (spring'gl), n. A springe ; a noose. — Carew. 

SPRING'Y, a. [from spring.] 1. Elastic ; possessing the 
power of recovering itself when bent or twisted. 2. Hav- 
ing great elastic power. 3. Having the power to leap ; 
able to leap far. 4. Abounding with springs or fountains ; 
wet ; spongy ; [applied to land.] 



See Synopsis. A E. I, &c, long.— X, E, i, <fcc, short.— F aR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;^-MARlNE, BIRD ;— Mo VE 



SPRINKLE (sprinkl), v. t. [Sax. sprengan ; D. sprenhelen, 
sprengen ; G.sprengen; Dan. sprinkler.] 1. To scatter; 
to disperse^ as a liquid or a dry substance composed oi 
fine, separable particles. 2. To scatter on ; to disperse on 
in small drops or particles ; to besprinkle ; bedew. 3. To 
wash ; to cleanse ; to purify. 

SPRINK'LE (sprink'l), v. i. 1. To perform the act o* scat 
tering a liquid or any fine substance so that it may fall in 
small particles. 2. To rain moderately. 

SPRINK'LE, n. A small quantity scattered ; also, a utensil 
for sprinkling. — Spenser. 

SPRINKLED, pp. 1. Dispersed in small particles. 2. Hav 
ing a liquid or a fine substance scattered over. 

SPRINK'LER, n. One who sprinkles. 

SPRINKLING, ppr. 1. Dispersing, as a liquid or as dust 
2. Scattering on, in fine drops or particles. 

SPRINK'LING, n. 1. The act of scattering in small drops 
or parcels. — Hall. 2. A small quantity falling in distinct 
drops or parts, or coming moderately. 

t SPRIT, v. t. [Sax. spryttan ; D. spruiten.] To throw out 
with force from a narrow orifice ; to eject; to spirt. 

SPRIT, v. i. To sprout ; to bud ; to germinate, as barley 
steeped for malt. 

SPRIT, n. 1. A shoot ; a sprout. 2. [D. sprint] A. small 
boom, pole, or spar which crosses the sail of a boat diag- 
onally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which 
it is used to extend and elevate. 

SPRIT-SaIL, n. 1. The sail extended by a sprit. 2. A sail 
attached to a yard which hangs under the bowsprit 
Totten ; [not in use.] 

SPRITE, n. A spirit. 

SPRlTE'FUL, a. See Sprightful. 

SPRlTE'FUL-LY, adv. See Sfrightfully. 

SPRlTE'LI-NESS, n. See Sprightliness. 

SPRlTE'LY, a. See Sprightly. 

SPROD, n. A salmon in its second year.— Chambers. 

tSPRONG, o\d pret. of spring. [Dutch.] 

SPROUT, v. i. [D. spruiten ; Sax. spryttan.] 1. To shoot, as 
the seed, of a plant; to germinate ; bud ; to push out new 
shoots. 2. To shoot into ramifications. 3. To grow, like 
shoots of plants. 

SPROUT, n. 1. The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the 
seed, or from the stump, or from the root of a plant or 
tree. 2. A shoot from the end of a branch. 

SPROUTING, ppr. or a. Shooting in vegetation ; germina- 
ting. 

SPROUTS, n. pi. Young coleworts. — Johnson. 

SPRUCE, a. Neat without elegance. — Syn. Nice ; trim ; fin 
ical ; snug ; foppish ; dandyish. 

SPRuCE, v. t. To trim ; to dress with affected neatness. 

SPRuCE, v. i. To dress one's self with affected neatness. 

SPRuCE, n. The fir-tree ; a name applied to all the species 
of the Linnaean genus pinus comprehended under the 
section abies, and to some of those under peuce. It be- 
longs more especially to the Norway spruce, pinus abies, 
a native of the north of Europe. — In the United States, it is 
applied to the pimis nigra, pinus alba, and pinus rubra, the 
decoction or extract of which is employed in making beer. 

SPRuCE'-BEER, n. A kind of beer which is tinctured with 
the extract or decoction of spruce. 

SPROCE'-LeATH'ER, n. An old name for Russia leather 
— Fosbroke. 

SPRuCE'LY, adv. With extreme or affected neatness. 

SPRuCE'NESS, n. Neatness without taste or elegance; 
trimness ; fineness ; quaintness. 

SPRuE, n. In Scotland, that which is thrown off in casting 
metals ; dross or scoria. This is sometimes a vicious or- 
thography of sprew, the disease otherwise called thrush 
See Sprew and Thrush. 

t SPRUG, v. t. To make smart. 

SPRUNG, pret. and pp. of spring. 

t SPRUNT, v. i. To spring up ; to germinate ; to spring 
forward. 

SPRUNT, n. 1. Any thing short and not easily bent; [obs.] 
2. A leap ; a spring ; [obs.] 3. A steep ascent in a road ; 
[local.] 

t SPRUNT, a. Active ; vigorous ; strong ; becoming strong. 

t SPRUNT'LY, adv. Vigorously ; youthfully.— Ben Jonson. 

SPRY, a. Having great power of leaping or running ; nim- 
ble ; active ; vigorous. — Halliwell. [Local.] [Used in New 
England, and doubtless a contraction of sprig.] 

SPUD, n. [Dan. spyd.] 1. An implement somewhat like a 
chisel, with a long handle, used by farmers for destroying 
weeds. — Farm. Encyc. 2. Any short thing. — Swift; [in 
contempt.] 

SPUL'LER, n. One employed to inspect yarn, to see that 
it is well spun and fit for the loom. [Local.] 

SPuME, re. [L., It. spuma.] Froth ; foam ; scum ; frothy 
matter raised on liquors or fluid substances by boiling, ef 
fervescence, or agitation. 

SPuME, v. i. To froth ; to foam. 

SPU-MES'CENCE, n. Frothiness ; the state of foaming. - 

Kirwan. 

BOOF 



SPU 



959 



SQU 



SPU-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing foam. 
SPuM'OUS, ) a. [L. spumeus.] Consisting of froth or scum; 
SPOM'Y, > foamy.— Dryden. 
SPUN, pret. and pp. of spin. 

BPUN'-HaY, n. Hay twisted into ropes for convenient car- 
riage on a military expediton. 
SPUN'- YaRN, n. Among seamen, a line or cord formed of 

two or three rope-yarns twisted. 
SPUNGE. See Sponge. 

SPUNK, 7i. [probably from punk.] 1. Touch-wood ; wood 
that readily takes fire. — 2. Vulgarly, an inflammable tem- 
per ; spirited ; as, a man of spunk ; [low.] 
SPUNK'Y, a. Spirited; full of sywrik.—Halliwell. [A low 

colloquial word. Various dialects.] 
HPUR, 7i. [Sax spur; D. spoor.] 1. An instrument having a 
rowel or little wheel with sharp points, worn on horse- 
men's heels, to prick the horses for hastening their pace. 
2. Incitement ; instigation ; stimulus. 3. The largest or 
principal root of a tree ; hence, perhaps, the short wood- 
en buttress of a post. 4. The hard, pointed projection on 
a cock's leg, which serves as an instrument of defense and 
annoyance. 5. Something that projects ; a snag. — 6. In 
America, a mountain that shoots from any other mountain 
or range of mountains. 7. That which excites. 8. A 
spurre or sea-swallow. — Ray. 9. The hinder part of the 
nectary in certain flowers, shaped like a cock's spur. — 
Martyn. 10. [Fr. ergot.] A fungus growing within the 
glumes of rye, wheat, herds-grass, &c. — 11. In old fortifi- 
cations, a wall that crosses a part of the rampart and joins 
upon the town wall. 
SPUR, v. t. [Ir. sporam.] 1. To prick with spurs ; to incite 
to a more hasty pace. 2. To incite ; to instigate ; to urge 
or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of 
an object. 3. To impel ; to drive. 4. To put spurs on. 
SPUR, v. i. 1. To travel with great expedition ; [unusual.] 

2. To press forward. — Grew. 
SPUR'-€LAD, a. Wearing spurs. 

SPUR'-ROY-AL, 7i. A gold coin first made in the reign of 
Edward IV. Sometimes written spur-rial or ryal. — Beau- 
mont and Fletcher. 
SPUR'- WHEEL, n. A wheel with cogs around the edge 

pointing to the center. 
SPUR'GALL, v. t. To gall or wound with a spur. — Shak. 
SPUR'GALL, 7i. A place galled or excoriated by much 

using of the spur. 
SPURGALL.ED, pp. Galled or hurt by a spur.— Pope. 
SPURGE, 7i. [Fr. epurge ; It. spurgo.] A name given to va- 
rious species of plants of the genus euphorbia. 
SPURGE'-FLAX, n. An evergreen shrub, daphne gnidium, 

a native of Spain. 
6PUR<JE'-LAU-REL, n. The daphne laureola, an evergreen 

European shrub. 
SPURgE'-OL-IVE, n. An evergreen shrub, daphne oleoides, 

a native of Crete. 
SPURGE'-W6RT (-wurt), n. A plant. 
\ SPURG'ING, for purging. — Ben Jonson. 
SPu'RI-OUS, a. [L. spurius.] 1. Not genuine ; not proceed- 
ing from the true source, or from the source pretended. 
2. Not legitimate. — Spurious disease, one commonly mis- 
taken for and called by the name of something which it is 
not; as, spurious pleurisy, i. e., rheumatism of the inter- 
costal muscles. — Syn. Counterfeit ; false ; adulterate ; sup- 
posititious ; fictitious ; bastard. 
SPO'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Counterfeitly ; falsely. 
SPu'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being 
counterfeit, false, or not genuine. 2. Illegitimacy ; the 
state of being bastard, or not of legitimate birth. 
SPUR'LING, n._ A small sea-fish.— Tusser. 
SPUR'LING-LlNE, n. Among seamen, the line which forms 

the communication between the wheel and the tell-tale. 
SPURN, v. t. [Sax. spurnan ; L. sperno.] 1. To kick ; to 
drive back or away, as with the foot. — Shak. 2. To reject 
with disdain ; to scorn to receive or accept. 3. To treat 
with contempt. 
SPURN, v. i. 1. To manifest disdain in rejecting any thing. 
2. To make contemptuous opposition ; to manifest disdain 
in resistance. 3. To kick or toss up the heels. 
SPURN, 7i. Disdainful rejection ; contemptuous treatment. 
SPURN'- WA-TER, n. In ships, a channel at the end of a 

deck to restrain the water. 
SPURNED (spurnd), pp. Rejected with disdain. 
SPURN'ER, n. One who spurns. 
SPURN'EY, 7i. A plant. 
SPURN'ING, ppr. Rejecting with contempt 
SPURRE, n. The sea-swallow or common tern. [Provincial] 
SPURRED (spurd), pp. 1. Furnished with spurs. 2. In- 
cited ; instigated. 3. a. Wearing spurs, or having shoots 
like spurs. 
SPUR'RER, 72. One who uses spurs. 
SPUR'RI-ER, 7i. One whose occupation is to make spurs. 
SPUR'RING, ppr. Pricking with spurs ; inciting ; urging. 
SPURTRY, 72. A plant of the genus spergula, which is some- 
times cultivated in Europe for fodder. — Gardner. 



SPURT, v. t. [Sw. spruta.] To throw out, as a liquid in a 
stream ; to drive or force out with violence, as a liquid 
from a pipe or small orifice. 

SPURT, v. i. To gush or issue out in a stream, as liquor 
from a cask ; to rush from a confined place in a small 
stream. 

SPURT, 7i. 1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a 
liquid substance from a tube, orifice, or other confined 
place ; a jet. 2. A sudden or short occasion or exigency ; 
sudden effort ; [vulgar.] 

SPURTING, ppr. Forcing out a liquid from a pipe or small 
orifice. 

SPUR'TLE, v. t. To shoot in a scattering manner. [Rare.] 

SPUR'WaY, w. A horse-path ; a narrow way ; a bridle road ; 
a way for a single beast. [Little used.] 

t SPU-Ta'TION, n. [L. sputo.] The act of spitting. 

t SPu'TA-TlVE, a. Spitting much ; inclined to spit. 

SPUTTER, v. i. [D. spuiten ; Sw. spotta ; L. sputo.] 1. To 
spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small or scattered 
portions, as in rapid speaking. 2. To throw out moisture 
in small detached parts. 3. To fly oft" in small particles 
with some crackling or noise. 4. To utter words hastily 
and indistinctly. 

SPUTTER, v. t. To throw out with haste and noi3e ; to 
utter with indistinctness. — Swift. 

SPUTTER, 77.. Moist matter thrown out in small particles. 

SPUTTER £D, ppi Thrown out in small portions, as liquids : 
uttered with baste and indistinctness. 

SPUTTER-ER, tt,. One who sputters. 

SPUTTER-ING, ppr. or a. Emitting in small particles ; ut- 
tering rapidly and indistinctly ; speaking hastily. 

SPu'TUM, 72-. [L.] 1. Spittle ; salival discharges from th« 
mouth. Hall. — 2. In medicine, that which is expectorated 
or ejected from the lungs. 

SPY, n. [It. spia ; Fr. espion ; Sp. espia.] 1. A person sent 
into an enemy's camp to gain intelligence to be commu- 
nicated secretly to the proper officer ; an emissary. 2. A 
person deputed to watch the conduct of others. 3. One 
who watches the conduct of others ; a scout. 

SPY, v. t. 1. To see ; to gain sight of ; to discover at a dis- 
tance, or in a state of concealment. 2. To discover by 
close search or examination. 3. To explore ; to view, in- 
spect, and examine secretly. 

SPY. v. i. To search narrowly ; to scrutinize. 

SPY'-BoAT, ti. [spy and boat.] A boat sent to make disco 7- 
eries and bring intelligence. — Arbuthnot. 

SPy'-GLaSS, n. The popular name of a small telescope 
useful in viewing distant objects. 

SPY'ISM, 7i. The act or business of spying. 

SQUAB (skwob), a. 1. Fat ; thick ; plump ; bulky.— Belter- 
ton. 2. Unfledged ; unfeathered ; as, a squab pigeon. 

SQUAB, n. 1. A young pigeon or dove. [This word, in 
this sense, is in common use in America.] 2. A kind of 
sofa or couch ; a stuffed cushion ; [not iised in U. S.] 

t SQUAB, adv. Striking at once ; with a heavy fall ; plump. 

t SQUAB, v. i. To fall plump ; to strike at one dash, or with 
a heavy stroke. 

SQUAB'-PIE, n. A pie made of squabs or young pigeons 

SQUAB'BY, 11 '} - Thick; fat ' heavy.— flarccy. 

SQUAB'BLE (skwob'bl), v. i. 1. To contend for superiori- 
ty. 2. To debate peevishly ; [inelegant or lou»] — 3. Among 
printers, a page is said to be squabbled when the letters 
stand awry or out of their regular upright position. Ad- 
ams. — Syn. To dispute ; contend ; scuffle ; wrangle ; quar- 
rel; struggle. 

SQUAB'BLE, n. A scuffle ; a wrangle ; a brawl ; a petty 
quarrel. — Arbuthnot. 

SQUAB'BLER, n. A contentious person ; a brawler. 

SQUAB'BLING, ppr. Scuffling; contending; wrangling. 

SQUAD (skwod), n. [Fr. escouade.] 1. In military language, 
a small party of men assembled for drill or inspection. — 
Campbell's Mil. Diet. 2. Any small party. 

SQUAD'RON, n. [Fr. escadron ; It. squadra.] 1. In it3 pri- 
mary sense, a square or square form ; and hence, a square 
body of troops ; a body drawn up in a square. — Milton ; 
[obs.] Hence, also, 2. A body of troops in any form. — 3. 
In military tactics, the principal division of a regiment of 
cavalry, usually from 100 to 200 men. — P. Cyc. 4. A di- 
vision of a fleet ; a detachment of ships of war, employed 
on a particular expedition. 

SQUAD'RONED, a. Formed into squadrons.— Milton. 

SQUALID (skwol'id), a. [L. squalidus.] Foul ; filthy ; ex 
tremely dirty. 

i§SAL'"iD-NiIsJ ra - FoulneS9 : filthiness - 

SQUAL'ID-LY, adv. In a squalid, filthy manner. 
SQUALL, v. i. [Sw. sqvdla.] To cry out ; to scream or cry 

violently, as a woman frightened, or a child in anger or 

distress. 
SQUALL, 72. 1. A loud scream; a harsh cry.— Pope. 2. 

[Sw. sqval.] A sudden and violent gust of wind.— A black 

squall, is one attended with dark, heavy clouds. — A whitt 



D6VE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN "GER, Vi"CIOUS.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH a? in this, t Obsolete 



SQU 



960 



SQU 



equall, is one which comes unexpectedly, without being 
marked in its approach by the clouds. — Totten. 

BQUALL'ER, n. A screamer ; one who cries loud. 

SQUALLTNG, ppr. or a. Crying out harshly ; screaming. 

SQUALL' Y, a. 1. Abounding with squalls ; disturbed often 
with sudden and violent gusts of wind. — 2. In agriculture, 
broken into detached pieces ; interrupted by unproductive 
spots; [local.] 

SQUa'LOID, a. [L. squalus, a shark, and Gr. ec6os, likeness.] 
Like a shark or resembling a shark. 

SQUa'LOR, n. [L.] Foulness ; filthiness ; coarseness. 

SQUI/MI-FORM, a. [L. squama, and form.] Having the 
form or shape of scales. 

SQUA-MlG'ER-OUS, a. [L. squamiger.] Bearing scales. 

SQUAM'I-PEN, n. [L. squama, a scale, and penna, a fin.] A 
fish whose dorsal and anal fins are covered with scales. 

SQUa'MoSE, \a. [L. squamosus.] Scaly; covered with 

3QUa'M0US, 5 scales.— Woodward. ' 

SQUANDER, v. t. [G. versckwenden.] 1. To spend lavishly 
or profusely ; to spend prodigally or without economy or 
judgment. 2. To disperse ; as, the squandered troops. — 
Dry den ; [not used.] — Syn. To spend ; expend ; waste ; 
scatter; dissipate. 

SQUANDERED, pp. or a. Spent lavishly and without ne- 
cessity or use ; wasted ; dissipated, as property. 

SQUAN'DER-ER, n. One who spends his money prodigal- 
ly, without necessity or use ; a spendthrift ; a prodigal ; 
a waster ; a lavisher. 

SQUAN'DER-ING, ppr. Spending lavishly ; wasting. 

SQUAN'DER-ING-LY, adv. By squandering. 

SQUARE, a. [W. cwdr ; Fr. carre, quarre.] 1. Having four 
equal sides and four right angles. 2. Forming a right 
angle. 3. Parallel ; exactly suitable ; true. 4. Having a 
straight front, or a frame formed with straight lines ; not 
curving. 5. That does equal justice ; exact ; fair ; honest. 
6. Even ; leaving no balance. — Square measure, the square 
of a lineal measure ; the measure of a superficies or sur- 
face, which depends on the length and breadth taken con- 
jointly. — Square number, see Square, n., No. 5. — Among 
seamen, the yards are square when at right angles with the 
vessel's keel and parallel to the horizon ; also, when of 
unusual length. Totten. — Square root, in geometry and 
arithmetic. The square root of a quantity or number is 
that which, multiplied by itself, produces the quantity or 
number. 

SQU A RE, n. 1. A figure having four equal sides and four 
right angles. 2. An area of four sides, with houses on 
each side. 3. The contents of the side of a figure squared. 
4. A mathematical instrument having at least one straight 
edge at right angles to another. It is of several forms, 
as the T square, the carpenter's square, &c. — 5. In geom- 
etry and arithmetic, a square, or square number, is the prod- 
uct of a number multiplied by itself. 6. Rule ; regularity ; 
exact proportion ; justness of workmanship and conduct ; 
[obs.] 7. A square body of troops. 8. A quaternion ; four ; 
[obs.] 9. Level; equality. — 10. In astrology, quartile; the 
position of planets distant ninety degrees from each oth- 
er ;_ [obs.] 11. Rule ; conformity ; accord. 

SQUaRE, v. t. [Fr. equarrir.] 1. To form with four equal 
sides and four right angles. 2. To reduce to a square ; to 
form to right angles. 3. To reduce to any given measure 
or standard. 4. To adjust ; to regulate ; to mold ; to 
shape. 5. To accommodate ; to fit. 6. To respect in quar- 
tile. 7. To make even, so as to leave no difference or bal- 
ance. — 8. In arithmetic, to multiply a number by itself. — 
9. In seamen's language, to square the yards, is to place 
them at right angles with the mast or keel. — To square the 
circle, to determine the exact contents of a circle in square 
measure. 

SQUARE, v. i. 1. To suit ; to fit ; to quadrate ; to accord 
or agree. 2. To quarrel ; to go to opposite sides ; [obs.] 

SQUaRE'-RIGGED (-rigd), a. In seamen's language, a ves- 
sel is square-rigged when her principal sails are extended 
by yards suspended by the middle, and not by stays, gaffs, 
booms, and lateen yards. 

SQUaRE'-SIIL, n. In seamen's language, a four-sided sail 
extended to a yard suspended by the middle. — Mar. Diet. 

SQUARED, pp. or a. Made in the form of a square or with 
right angles; adjusted; regulated; multiplied by itself. 
SQUaRE'LY, adv. Suitably ; in conformity. 

SQUaRE'LY, adv. In a square form. 

SQUaRE'NESS, n. The state of being square. 

SQUaR'ER, n. Johnson thinks that this word, in Shaks- 
peare, denotes a hot-headed, contentious fellow. See 
Square, v. 

SQUARING, ppr. Making in the form of a square or with 
right angles; adjusting; regulating; multiplying by itself 

SQUaR'ISH, a. Nearly square. — Pennant. 

SQUARHoSE, )a. In natural history, ragged or full of 

SQUAR'ROUS, 5 loose scales ; rough ; jagged ; composed 
of parts which diverge at right angles, and are irregular in 
size and direction. — P. Cyc. 

SQUASH (skwosh), v. t. [from the root of quash ; L. quasso ; 



Fr. casser.] To crush ; to beat or press int. pulp or a Sat 
mass. 
SQUASH, n. 1. Something soft and easily crushed. — Shale 

2. [qu. Gr. cikvoS-] A plant of the genus cucurbita, en 
gourd kind, and its fruit ; a culinary vegetable. 3. Some- 
thing unripe or soft; [in contempt.] 4. A sudden fall of a 
heavy, soft body. 5. A shock of soft bodies. 

SQUASH-BUG, n. The common name of a bug injuri:us 
to squashes ; the more usual one in New England belo: gt 
to the order hemiptera. 

SQUASHY, adv. Like a squash ; also, muddy. 

SQUAT (skwot), v. i. [W. yswatiaw ; It. quatto.] 1. To sit 
down upon the hams or heels, as a human being. 2. To 
sit close to the ground ; to cower, as an animal. — 3. In the 
United States, to settle on another's land without pretense 
of title. 

t SQUAT, v. t. To bruise or make flat by a fall.— Barret. 

SQUAT, a. 1. Sitting on the hams or heels ; sitting close 
to the ground ; cowering. 2. Short and thick, like the 
figure of an animal squatting. 

SQUAT, n. 1 . The posture of one who sits on his hams or 
close to the ground. 2. A sudden or crushing fall ; [obs.] 

3. A small separate vein of ore ; a mineral consisting ox 
tin ore and spar. — Halliwell. — Woodward. 

SQUAT (skwot), v. i. To stoop or he close to escape ob 
servation, as a partridge or rabbit. 

SQUATTER, n. 1. One who squats or sits close.— 2. In 
the United States, one who settles on new land without a 
title. 

SQUAW, n. Among the North American Indians, a wom- 
an i particularly, a wife. 

SQUe AK (skweek), v. i. [Sw. sqvaka ; G. quiehen.] 1. To ut- 
ter a sharp, shrill cry, usually of short duration ; to cry 
with an acute tone, as an animal, or to make a sharp 
noise, as a pipe or quill, a wheel, a door, and the like. 2. 
To break silence or secrecy for fear or pain ; to speak 

SQUeAK, n. A sharp, shrill sound suddenly uttered. 

SQUeAK'ER, 11. One who utters a sharp, shrill sound. 

SQUEAKING, ppr. or a. Crying with a sharp voice ; mak 
inga sharp sound ; as, a squeaking wheel. 

SQUe AL (skweel), v. i. [This is only a different orthography 
of squall] To cry with a sharp, shrill voice. It is used 
of animals only, and chiefly of swine. 

SQUeAL'ING, ppr. or a. Uttering a sharp, shrill sound or 
voice. 

SQUEAMISH, a. Nice to excess in taste ; easily disgusted : 
apt to be offended at trifling improprieties. — Syn. Fastid- 
ious ; dainty ; overnice ; scrupulous. 

SQUeAM'ISH-LY, adv. In a fastidious manner ; with toe 
much niceness. 

SQUeAM'ISH-NESS, n. Excessive niceness ; vicious deli 
cacyof taste ; fastidiousness; excessive scrupulousness 

t SQUeAS'I-NESS, n. Nausea. See Queasiness. 

t SQUeAS'Y, a. Queasy ; nice ; squeamish ; scrupulous 

SQUEEZE, v. t. [Arm. quasqu, goasca.] 1. To press between 
two bodies ; to press closely. 2. To oppress with hard- 
ships, burdens, and taxes ; to harass ; to crush. 3. To 
embrace closely. 4. To force between close bodies ; to 
compel or cause to pass. — Syn. To hug ; pinch ; gripe , 
crowd. 

SQUEEZE, v. i. 1. To press ; to urge one's way ; to paes 
by pressing. 2. To crowd. 

SQUEEZE, n. 1. Pressure ; compression between bodies. 
— Phillips. 2. A close hug or embrace. 

SQUEEZED, pp. or a. Pressed between bodies ; com- 
pressed ; oppressed. 

SQUEEZING, ppr. Pressing ; compressing ; crowding ; 
oppressing. 

SQUEEZING, n. 1. The act of pressing ; compression ; 
oppression. 2. That which is forced out by pressure : 
dregs. 

IIquI^I/H- Tocrush " [Alow word.] 

t SQUELCH, n. A heavy fall.— Hudibras. [Low.] 

SQUIB, n. 1. A little pipe or hollow cylinder of paper, filled 
with powder or combustible matter and sent into the air, 
burning and bursting with a crack ; a cracker. 2. A sar- 
castic speech or litlie censorious writing published ; a pet- 
ty lampoon. 3. A pretty fellow ; [obs.] 

SQUIB, v. i. To throw squibs ; to utter sarcastic or severe 
reflections ; to contend in petty dispute. 

SQUIB'BING, ppr. Throwing squibs or severe reflections. 

SQUIB'BING, n. The act ofthrowing squibs or severe re 
flections. 

SQUIG'GLE, v. i. To shake and wash a fluid about th« 
mouth with the lips closed. — Forby. [Local] 

SQUILL, n. [Fr. squille ; L. squilla.] 1. A bulbous plant of 
the genus scilla. 2. The officinal squill, ornithogaMTh 
squilla or scilla maritima, has a large bulbous root like an 
onion. It is nauseous and acrimonious, and is used m 
medicine. 3. A stomapodous crustaceous animal of the 
genus squilla. 4. An insect named squill insect, trora 
some resemblance to the preceding. 



-Grew. 



See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— a, £, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BQOK, 



STA 



96] 



STA 



SQUIN'AN-CY, n. [Fr. squinancie; L. cynanche ; Gr. kv- 
vayxn-] The quinsy. 

SQUINT, a. [D. schuin, schuinte.] 1. Looking obliquely. 2. 
Not having the optic axes of both eyes coincident ; occa- 
sioned by a permanent shortening of one of the lateral 
straight muscles, and a permanent elongation of its antag- 
onist. 3. Looking with suspicion. — Spenser. 

SQUINT, to. The act or habit of squinting. 

SQUINT, v. i. 1. To see obliquely. 2. To have the axes 
of the eyes not coincident. 3. To slope ; to deviate from 
a true line ; to run obliquely. 

SQUINT, v. t. 1. To turn the eye to an oblique position. 
2. To look with the axes of the eyes not coincident. 

SQUINT-EYE (skwint'-i), to. An eye that squints. 

SQUINT-EY.ED (-ide), a. 1. Having eyes that squint ; hav- 
ing eyes with axes not coincident. 2. Oblique ; indirect ; 
malignant. _ 3. Looking obliquely or by side glances. 

SQUINT-I-Fe'GO, a.' Squinting.— Dryden. [A cant word.] 

SQUINTING, ppr. Seeing or looking with the axes of the 
eyes not coincident. 

SQUINTING, to. The act or habit of looking squint. 

SQUINT'ING-LY, adv. With a squint look ; by side glances. 

SQUINT, v. i. To look squint. — Sfiak. [A cant word.] 

i SQUtR (skwur), v. t. To throw with a jerk ; spelled, also, 
squirr. — Addison. 

SQUIRE, n. [a popular contraction of esquire. See Es- 
quire.] 1. In Great Britain, the title of a gentleman next 
in rank to a knight. — 2. In Great Britain, an attendant on 
a noble warrior.— Pope. 3. An attendant at court. Shak. 
-A. In the United States, the title of magistrates and law- 
yers. — In New England, it is particularly given to justices 
of the peace and judges. 5. The title customarily given 
to gentlemen. 

SQUIRE, v. t. 1. To attend as a squire. — 2. In colloquial 
language, to attend as a beau or gallant fo>- aid and pro- 
tection. 

SQUIRE'HOOD, \n. The rank and state of a squire.— 

SQUlRE'SHIP, 5 Shelton. 

SQUIRE'LY, a. Becoming a squire. — Shelton. 

SQUlRE'SHIP, to. Office of a squire.— Swift. 

'^QUiRM (skwurm), v. t. or i. 1. To move like a worm or 
eel, with writhing or contortions. 2. To climb by embrac- 
ing and clinging with the hands and feet, as to a tree with- 
out branches. [Johnson writes this word swarm, and this 
is probably the original word. Bailey writes it squirm.] 

SQUIRMING, ppr. Moving like a worm or eel; climbing 
by embracing. 

SQUIRR. See Squir. 

*SQUIR'REL (skwerrel or skwur'rel), to. [Fr. ecureuil.] A 
small rodent quadruped, with a long, tufted tail, remark- 
able for its liveliness and agility in climbing trees and pass- 
ing from branch to branch. There are numerous species, 
and their flesh is highly prized for food. See, also, Flying 
Squirrel. 

SQUIRREL HUNT. to. In America, the hunting and shoot- 
ing of squirrels bv f a company of men. 

SQUiRT (skwurt), v. t. To eject or drive out of a narrow 
pipe or orifice, in a stream. 

r SQUiRT, v. i. To throw out words ; to let fly. 

SQUiRT, n. 1. An instrument with which a liquid is eject- 
ed in a stream with force. 2. A small, quick stream. 

SQUiRT'ED, pp. Ejected in a stream from a narrow orifice. 

SQUiRT'ER, to. One who squirts. [Vulgar.] 

SQUIRTING, ppr. or a. Ejecting from a narrow orifice in 
a stream.—- Squirting cucumber, the fruit of the plant ecba- 
lixim elaterium or momordica elaterium, which, when near- 
ly ripe, separates suddenly from its peduncle, at the same 
time ejecting its juice and seeds. 

STAB, v. t. 1. To pierce with a pointed weapon. 2. To 
wound mischievously or mortally ; to kill by the thrust of 
a pointed instrument. 3. To injure secretly or by mali- 
cious falsehood Or slander. 
STAB, v. i. 1. To give a stab or wound with a pointed 
weapon. 2. To give a mortal wound. 

S TAB, n. 1. The thrust of a pointed weapon. 2. A wound 
with a sharp-pointed weapon. 3. An injury given in the 
dark ; a sly mischief. 
STa'BAT Ma'TER, to. [L.] A celebrated Latin hymn be- 
ginning with these words, set to music by most of the 
great composers, and performed in the church service of 
the Roman Catholics. 
STABB.ED, pp. Pierced with a pointed weapon ; killed with 

a spear or other pointed instrument. 
STAB'BER, n. 1. One who stabs ; a privy murderer. — 2. In 

sail-making, an instrument similar to a pricker. — Totten. 
STAB'BING, ppr. Piercing with a pointed weapon. 
STAB'BING, n. The act of piercing with a pointed weap- 
on ; the act of wounding or killing with a pointed instru- 
ment 

STAB'BING-LY, adv. With intent to a secret act mali- 
ciously. — Bishop Parker. 
STA-BIL'I-MENT, n. [L. stabilimentum.] Act of making 
firm ; firm support. — Derham. 



t STA-BIL'I-TITE, v. t. To make stable ; to establish. 

STA-BIL'I-TY, to. [L. stabilitas.] 1. Strength to stand with 
out being moved or overthrown. 2. Strength of charac 
ter ; strength of resolution or purpose. 3. Fixedness. — 
Syn. Steadiness ; stableness ; constancy ; immovability 
firmness. 

STa'BLE, a. [L. stabilis ; Fr. stable ; It. stabile.] 1. Firmly 
established ; not to be easily moved, shaken, cr over- 
thrown. 2. Firm in purpose or resolution ; not easily 
diverted from a purpose ; not fickle or wavering. 3. 
Firm ; not easily surrendered or abandoned. 4. Durable 
not subject to be overthrown or changed. — Syn. Fixed, 
steady; constant; abiding; strong. 

t STa'BLE, v. t. To fix ; to establish. 

STa'BLE, to. [L. stabulum.] A house, shed, or apartment 
for beasts to lodge and feed in. 

STI'BLE, v. t. To put or keep in a stable. 

STa'BLE, v. i. To dwell or lodge in a stable ; to dwell in 
an inclosed place ; to kennel. — Milton. 

STa'BLE-BOY, \ to. A boy or a man who attends at a sta- 

STa'BLE-MAN, 5 ble.— Swift. 

STa'BL^D, pp. Put or kept in a stable. 

STa'BLE-NESS, to. 1. Fixedness ; firmness of position or 
establishment ; strength to stand ; stability. 2. Steadiness , 
constancy ; firmness of purpose ; stability. 

STa'BLE-'^TAND, to. In English law, when a man is found 
at his st ading in the forest with a cross-bow bent, ready 
to shoot at a deer, or with a long bow ; or standing close 
by a tree with greyhounds in a leash ready to slip. This 
is one of the four presumptions that a man intends steal- 
ing the king's deer. 

STa'BLING, ppr. Putting or keeping in a stable. 

STa'BLING, to. 1. The act of keeping cattle in a stable. 2. 
A house, shed, or room for keeping horses and cattle. 

t STAB'LISH, v. t. [L. stabilio ; Fr. etablir.] To fix ; to set- 
tle in a state for permanence ; to make firm. 

STa'BLY, adv. Firmly; fixedly; steadily. 

t STAB-U-La'TION, to. Act of housing beasts.— Cockeram. 

STA€-€a'TO. [It.] In music, denoting a short, distinct, ar- 
ticulate style ; the opposite to legato. 

STA-GK, to. [W. ystac, ystaca ; Dan. stak ; Sw. stack.] 1. A 
large conical pile of hay, grain, or straw, sometimes cov- 
ered with thatch. — Stack, in England, is also applied to a 
large rectangular pile of grain, hay, &c. ; also, to a large 
pile of wood. 2. A number of funnels or chimneys stand- 
ing together. — A stack of arms is a number of muskets set 
up together on their ends, with the bayonets crossing one 
another, forming a sort of conical pile. 

STA-GK, v. t. 1. To lay in a conical or other pile ; to make 
into a large pile. — 2. In England, to pile wood, poles, &c. 
— To stack arms, to set up muskets together with the bay- 
onets crossing one another, and forming a sort of conical 
pile. 

STACK'-YiRD, to. A yard for stacks of hay. 

STAGK.ED (stakt), pp. Piled in a large, conical heap. 

STACKING, ppr. Laying in a large, conical heap. 

STACKTNG-BAND, ) to. A band or rope used in binding 

STAGK'ING-BELT, 5 thatch or straw upon a stack. 

STAGK'ING-STagE, to. A stage used in building stacks. 

STAG'TE, to. [L. stacte; Gr. oraKTrj-] A fatty, resinous 
liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odorif- 
erous, and highly valued. 

STAD'DLE (stad'dl), to. [D. stutzel] 1. Any thing which 
serves for support ; a staff ; a crutch ; the frame or sup- 
port of a stack of hay or grain ; [England.] 2. A small 
tree of any kind, particularly a forest-tree. — Halliwell. 

STAD'DLE, v. t. To leave staddles when a wood is cut. 

STAD'DLE-ROOF, to. The roof or covering of a stack. 

STAD'DLING, ppr. Leaving staddles when a wood is cut. 

STaDE, to. [L. stadium.] A stadium or furlong. — Smith's. 
Diet. 

STa/DI-UM, to. [L.] 1. A Greek measure of 125 Roman 
paces, or C06| English feet ; one eighth of a Roman mile, 
or nearly an English furlong. 2. An oblong area or 
course for foot-races and other gymnastic contests, usu- 
ally a stadium in length. — Smith's Diet. 

STADTHOLD-ER (stafhold-er), to. [D. stadt and houder.} 
Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of 
Holland ; or the governor or lieutenant-governor c>f a 
province. 

STlDTlsLDSsmP, } n - The ° ffice ° f a "tadtfacHer 
STIFF, to. ; pi. Staffs or Staves. [Sax. statf] 1. A 6tiCA 
carried in the hand for support or defense by a person 
walking ; hence, a support ; a stay ; a prop ; that whith 
upholds. 2. A stick or club used as a weapon. 3. i long 
piece of wood ; a stick ; the long handle of an instruaient ; 
a pole or stick used for many purposes. 4. The five lines 
and the spaces on which music is written. 5. An ensign 
of authority ; a badge of office. 6. The round of a ladder. 
7. A pole erected in a ship to hoist and display a flag; 
called a flag-sto/. — 8. [Fr. estafette.] In military affairs, an 
establishment of officers in various departments, attached 



DAVE : -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 
F p p 



STA 



• bi 



STA 



to an army, or to the commander of an army. The gen- 
eral's staff consists of those officers about his person who 
are employed in carrying his commands into execution. 
9. [Ice. stef.] A stanza. 

HTIFF'-AN"GLE, n. In architecture, a square rod of wood 
standing flush with the wall on each of its sides, at the 
external angles of plastering, to prevent their being dam- 
aged.— Brande. 

STaFF'-TREE, n. A plant of the genus celastrus, as the 
climbing staff-tree (celastrus scandens) of the United States. 

f- STIFF'ISH, a. Stiff; harsh.— Ascham. 
STIF'FI-ER, n. An attendant bearing a staff. — Hudibras. 

STAG, n. 1. The male red deer ; the male of the hind. 2. 
A colt or filly ; also, a romping girl. — Grose ; [local.] 3. 
The taurine male castrated at such an age that he never 
gains the full size of a bull. 

STAG'-BEE-TLE, n. A lamellicorn, coleopterous insect of 
the family lucanidtz. 

STAG'-E-V/L, n. A disease in horses. — Diet. 

STAG-W6RM (-wurm), n. An insect that is troublesome 
to deer. 

STIgE, n. [Ft. etage.] 1. Properly, one degree of elevation ; 
a step, floor, or story. — Chaucer. 2. A floor or platform 
of any kind elevated above the ground or common sur- 
face, as for an exhibition of something to public view. 3. 
The floor on which theatrical performances are exhibited. 

4. The theatre ; the place of scenic entertainments. — Pope. 

5. Theatrical representations. 6. A place where any thing 
is publicly exhibited. 7. Place of action or performance. 
8. A place of rest on a journey, or where a relay of horses 
is taken. 9. The distance between two places of rest on 
a road. 10. A single step ; degree of advance ; degree of 
progression. 11. [Instead of stage-coach or stage-zcagon.] 
A coach or other carriage running regularly from one 
place to another for the conveyance of passengers. — Swift. 
— Covyper. 

\ STagE, v. t. To exhibit publicly.— Shak. 

STagE'-GoACH, n. A coach that runs by stages , or a 
coach that runs regularly every day, or on stated days, for 
the conveyance of passengers. — Addison. 

STagE'-PLaY, n. Theatrical entertainment. 

STlGE'-PLIY-ER, n, An actor on the stage ; one whose 
occupation is to represent characters on the stage. 

STagE'LY, a. Pertaining to a stage ; becoming the theatre. 
—Taylor. [Little used.] 

STag'ER (staj'er), n. 1. A player ; [rare.] 2. One who has 
long acted on the stage of life ; a practitioner ; a person 
of cunning. — Dry den. 

t STag'ER- Y, n. Exhibition on the stage. — Milton. 

STAG'GARD, n. A stag of four years of age. 

STAGGER, v. i. [D. staggeren.] 1. To reel ; to totter ; to 
vacillate ; to move to one side and the other in standing or 
walking ; not to stand or walk with steadiness. 2. To fail ; 
to cease to stand firm ; to begin to give way. 3. To hesi- 
tate ; to begin to doubt and waver in purpose ; to become 
less confident or determined. 

STAG'GER, v. t. 1. To cause to reel. 2. To cause to doubt 
and waver ; to make to hesitate ; to make less steady or 
confident ; to shock. 

STAGGER-W6RT (-wurt), n. A plant, ragwort 

STAG'GERjBD, pp. Made to reel ; made to doubt. 

STAG'GER-ING, ppr. or a. Causing to reel or to waver ; j 
reeling ; vacillating. 

STAG'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of reeling.— Arbxahnot. 2. 
The cause of staggering. 

STAG'GER-ING-LY, adv. 1. In a reeling manner. 2, With 
hesitation or doubt. 

STAG'GER.S, n. pi. 1. A disease of horses and other ani- 
mals, by which they fall down suddenly without sense or 
motion ; apoplexy. — Farm. Encyc. 2. Madness ; wild ir- 
regular conduct. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

STag'ING, n. A structure of posts and boards for support, 
as for building. 

STAG'IR-iTE, n. An appellation given to Aristotle, from 
Stagira, the place of his birth. 

STAG'NAN-C Y, n. The state of being without motion, flow, 
or circulation, as in a fluid. 

STAG'NANT, a. [L. stagnans.] 1. Not flowing ; not running 
in a current or stream. 2. Motionless ; still : not agitated. 
3. Not active ; dull ; not brisk. 

STAG'NANT-LY, adv. In a still, motionless, inactive manner. 

STAG'NITE, v. i. [L. stagno ; It. stagnare.] 1. To cease to 
flow ; to be motionless. 2. To cease to move ; not to be 
agitated. 3. To cease to be brisk or active; to become 
dull. — Syn. To stand ; stop ; rest. 

STAG-Na'TION, n. 1. The cessation of flowing or circula- 
tion of a fluid ; or the state of being without flow or cir- 
culation; the state of being motionless. 2. The cessation 
of action or of brisk action ; the state of being dull. 

STaID (stade), pret. and pp. of stay ; so written for stayed. 
2. a. [from stay.] Noting stability or firmness ; not wild, 
volatile, flighty, or fanciful. — Syn. Sober ; grave ; steady ; 
composed; regular; sedate. 



STaID'NESS, n. The state or condition of being staid.- 
Syn. Sobriety ; gravity ; steadiness ; regularity ; constan 
cy ; firmness ; stability 

STaIN (stane), v. t. [W. ystaeniaw, ystaen.] 1. To discolor 
by the application of foreign matter ; to make foul. 2. To 
tinge with a different color. 3. To impress with figures, 
in colors different from the ground. 4. To mark with 
guilt or infamy ; to bring reproach on. — Syn. To spot ; 
blot ; soil ; dye ; sully ; discolor ; disgrace ; taint. 

STUN, n. 1. A discoloration from foreign matter. 2. A 
natural spot of a color different from the ground. 3. Taint 
of guilt 4. Cause of reproach. — Syn. Blot ; spot ; taint ; 
pollution ; sully ; blemish ; tamish ; color ; disgrace ; in- 
famy; shame. 

STIINiJD, pp. or a. Discolored ; spotted ; dyed ; tarnished 
— Stained glass, glass colored or stained by certain metal 
lie pigments fused into its substance ; often used for mak- 
ing durable pictures in windows. — Ure. 

STIIN'ER, n. 1. One who stains, blots, or tarnishes. 2. A 
dyer. 

STaINTNG, ppr. Discoloring; spotting; tarnishing. 

STaIN'LESS, a. 1. Free from stains or spots. — Sidney. 2. 
Fjee from the reproach of guilt ; free from sin. — Shak. 

STaIR n. [D. steiger ; Sax. stager ; Ir. staighre.] 1. A step ; 
a stone or a frame of boards or planks by which a person 
rises one step. — 2. Stairs, in the plural, a series of steps by 
which persons ascend to a higher room in a building. 

STaIR'-CaSE, n. [stair and case.] The part of a building 
which contains the stairs. 

STIIR'-ROD, n. The name of metallic rods for holding a 
stair-carpet to its place. 

STaITH, n. 1. A line of rails forming the extremity of a 
rail-way, and generally occurring next to navigable wa- 
ters, being laid on platforms for discharging coals, &c, 
into vessels. — Buchanan. 2. A repository and mart for 
coals. [Local.] 

STaKE, n. [Sax. stac; D. staak; Sw. stake.] 1. A small 
piece of wood or timber, sharpened at one end and set in 
the ground, or prepared for setting, as a support to some- 
thing. 2. A piece of long, rough wood. 3. A palisade, or 
something resembling it. 4. The piece of timber to which 
a martyr is fastened when he is to be burned. — 5. Figu- 
ratively, martyrdom. 6. That which is pledged or wager- 
ed. 7. The state of being laid or pledged as a wager. 8. 
A small anvil to straighten cold work, or to cut and punch 
upon. 

STaKE, v. t. 1. To fasten, support, or defend with stakes. 
2. To mark the limits by stakes. 3. To wager ; to pledge ; 
to put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a 
future contingency. 4. To point or sharpen stakes. 5 
To pierce with a stake. 

STaKE'-HeAD, n. 1. In rope-making, a stake with woodei. 
pins in the upper side to keep the strands apart. 

STaKE'-HoLD-ER, 7i. One with whom the bets are depos- 
ited when a wager is laid. 

STIK.ED (stakt), pp. Fastened or supported by stakes ; set 
or marked with stakes ; wagered ; put at hazard. 

STAKING, ppr. 1. Supporting with stakes ; marking with 
stakes ; putting at hazard. 2. Sharpening. 

STA-LAG'TIC, ? a. [from stalactite.] Pertaining to sta 

STA-LA€'TI€-AL, 5 lactite ; resembling an icicle ; stalao 
titic. — Kirwan. 

STA-LAG'TI-FORM, \a. Like stalactite ; resembling an 

STAL-AG-TIT'I-FORM, $ icicle.— Phillips. 

STA-LAG'TlTE, n. [Gr. oraXaKioi.] A pendant cone or 
cylinder of carbonate of lime, attached, like an icicle, to 
the roof or side of a cavern, produced by the percolation 
through the rock above of water holding carbonate of 
lime in solution. Any mineral of similar form is also 
called a stalactite. — Dana. 

STAL-AG-TIT'IG, a. Having the form of an icicle ; having 
the characters of a stalactite. — Dana. 

STA-LAG'MlTE, n. [L. stalagmium.] A deposit of earthy 
or calcareous matter, made by water dropping on thr. 
floors of caverns. 

STAL-AG-MIT'IG, a. Having the form of a stalagmite. 

STAL-AG-MIT'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of 
stalagmite. — Buckland. 

STAL'DER, n. A wooden frame to set casks on. 

STaLE, a. 1. Vapid or tasteless from age ; having lost its 
life, spirit, and flavor from being long kept. 2. Having 
lost the life or graces of youth ; worn out ; decayed. 3 
Worn out by use : trite ; common ; having lost its novel- 
ty and power of pleasing. 

STILE, n. 1. Something set or offered to view as an al- 
lurement to draw others to any place or purpose ; a de- 
coy ; a stool-fowl ; [obs.] 2. A prostitute ; [obs.] 3. Old, 
vapid beer ; [obs.] 4. [Sax. stel, stele.] A long handle. 5 
A word applied to the king in chess when stalled or set 

STILE, v. t. To make vapid or useless ; to destroy the life, 
beauty, or use of ; to wear out. — Shak. 

STILE, v. i. [G. stallcn ; Dan. staller.] To make water ; to 
discharge urine, as horses and cattle. 



■* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—L E, I, &c„ short— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;-- MoVE, BOOK. 



STA 



963 



SiA 



IffXLE, «. Urine. [Used of horses and cattle. J 
STaLE'LY, adv. Of old ; of a long time. — Ben Jonson. 

STILE'MaTE, n. In the game of chess, the position of the 
king, when, though not in check, he can not move without 
being placed in check. — Hoyle. 

STaLE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being stale ; vapidness ; 
the state of having lost the life or flavor ; oldness. 2. The 
state of being worn out ; triteness ; commonness. 

STALK (stawk), n. [Sw. stielk ; D. steel] 1. The stem or 
main axis of a plant ; as, stalks of corn. The stalk denotes 
that which is set, the fixed part of a plant, its support , or 
it is a shoot 2. The pedicle of a flower, or the peduncle 
that supports the fructification of a plant. 3. The stem of 
a quill. 

STALK (stawk), v. i. [Sax. stalcan.] 1. To walk with high 
and proud steps ; usually implying the affectation of dig- 
nity. 2. It is used with some insinuation of contempt or 
abhorrence. 3. To walk behind a stalking-horse or behind 
a cover. 

3TALK, n. A high, proud, stately step or walk. — Spenser. 

STALKED (stawkt), a. Having a stalk. 

STALK'ER (stawk'er), n. One who walks with a proud 
step ; also, a kind of fishing-net. 

STALKING, ppr. Walking with proud or lofty steps. 

STALK'ING-HORSE, n. A horse, real or factitious, be- 
hind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of 
the game which he is aiming to kill ; hence, a mask ; a 
pretense. 

STALK'LESS (stawk-), a. Having no stalk. 

5TALKT, a. Hard as a stalk ; resembling a stalk. 

STALL (stawl), n. [Sax. stal, stal, stall ; D. stal ; G. stall ; 
Sw. stall ; Fr. stalle.] 1. A stand or place where a horse 
or an ox is kept and fed ; the division of a stable, or the 
apartment for one horse or ox. 2. A stable ; a place for 
cattle. — 3. In 1 Kings, iv., 26, stall is used for horse ; as, 
" Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his char- 
iots." 4. A bench, form, or frame of shelves in the open 
ah", where any thing is exposed to sale. 5. A small house 
or shed in which an occupation is carried on. 6. The seat 
of a dignified clergyman in the choir. It is partially or 
wholly inclosed at the back and sides. 

< TALL, v. t. 1. To put into a stable ; or to keep in a sta- 
ble. 2. To install. 3. To set ; to fix ; to plunge into mire 
bo as not to be able to proceed ; as, to stall horses or a 
carriage. — Halliwell. [ Virginia.'] 

STALL, v. i. 1. To dwell ; to inhabit ; [obs.] 2. To kennel. 
3. To be set, as in mire. 4. To be tired of eating, as cattle. 

STALL-FED, pp. or a. Fed on dry fodder, or fattened in 
a stall or stable. 

STALL'-FEED, v. t. [stall and feed. ] To feed and fatten in 
a stable or on dry fodder. 

STALL'-FEED-ING, ppr. Feeding and fattening in the 

STALL'-FEED-ING, n. The act of feeding cattle in the 
stable. 

\ STALL'-WoRN, in Shakspeare, Johnson thinks a mistake 
for stal-wort, stout. — Shak. 

6TALL'A6E, n. 1. The right of erecting stalls in fairs ; 
or rent paid for a stall. — 2. In old books, laystall ; dung ; 
compost. 

\ STAL-La'TION, n. Installation.— Cavendish. 

STALLED (stawld), pp. Put or kept in a stable. 

STALLION (stal'yun), n. [Fr. etalon ; It. Stallone.] A stone 
horse ; a seed horse ; a male horse not castrated. 

STALWART, \a. [Scottish; Sax. stcel-weorth, worth tak- 

STAL'WoRTH, 3 ing.] Brave; bold; strong; redotibted; 
daring; vehement; violent. 

STA'MEN, n. ; pi. Stamens or Stam'i-na. [L.] 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, usually in the plural, the fixed, firm part of a 
body, which supports it or gives it its strength and solid- 
ity. 2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength or 
support of any thing. — 3. In botany, an organ of flowers 
for the preparation of the pollen or fecundating dust. It 
is the male organ of plants. 

STa'MENJSD, a. Furnished with stamens. 

STa'MIN, 7i. A slight woolen stuff. — Chaucer. 

STAM'I-NA, n. ; pi. of Stamen. 

STAM'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to stamens or stamina ; con- 
sisting in stamens or stamina. — Med. Repos. 

STAM'IN-ATE, a. Furnished with stamens. 

STAM'IN-aTE v. t. To endue with 6tamina. 

STA-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. stamineus.] 1. Consisting of sta- 
mens. 2. Possessing stamens. — Stamineous flowers are 
apetalous. 3. Pertaining to the stamen, or attached to it. 

STAM-IN-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. stamen and fero.] Having sta- 
mens. — A staminiferous flower is one which has stamens 
without a pistil. . 

STAM'MEL, n. 1. A pale-red color.— Sea Jonson. 2. A kmd 
of woolen cloth. — Com. on Chaucer. 

STAM'MER, v. i. [Sax. stamer ; G. stammeln ; D. stameren ; 
Dan. stammer.] Literally, to stop in uttering syllables or 
words ; to stutter ; to hesitate or falter in speaking ; and 
hence, to speak with stops and difficulty. 



STAM'MER, v. t. To utter or pronounce with hesitation or 
imperfectly.— Beaumont and Fletcher. 

STAM'MER-ER, n. One who stutters or hesitates in speak- 
ing. 

STAM'MER-ING, ppr. 1. Stopping or hesitating in the ut- 
tering of words ; stuttering. 2. a. Apt to stammer. 

STAM'MER-ING, n. The act of stopping or hesitating in 
speaking; impediment in speech; articulation disturbed 
by irregular intermissions or snatches. 

STAM'MER-ING-LY, adv. With stops or hesitation in 
speaking. 

STAMP, v. t. [D. stampen; G. stampfen; Dan. stamper; Fr. 
estamper ; It. stampare.] 1. To strike or beat forcibly witfe 
the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downward. 
[In this sense, the popular pronunciation is stomp.] 2. To 
impress with some mark or figure. 3. To impress ; to 
imprint ; to fix deeply. 4. To fix a mark by impressing 
it. 5. To make by impressing a mark. 6. To coin ; to 
mint ; to form. 7. To cut out into various forms with a 
stamp. 8. To crush by the downward action of a kind of 
pestle, as ore in a stamping-mill. 

STAMP, v. i. To strike the foot forcibly downward. 

STAMP, n. 1. Any instrument for making impressions on 
other bodies. 2. A mark imprinted ; an impression. 3 
That which is marked ; a thing stamped. 4. A picture 
cut in wood or metal, or made by impression ; a cut ; 
a plate. 5. A mark set upon things chargeable with duty 
to government, as evidence that the duty is paid. 6. An 
instrument for cutting out materials (as paper, leather, 
<&c.) into various forms by a downward pressure. 7. A 
character of reputation, good or bad, fixed on any thing. 
8. Authority; current value derived from suffrage or at- 
testation. 9. Make ; cast ; form ; character. — 10. In met- 
allurgy, a kind of pestle raised by water or steam power, 
for beating ores to powder ; any thing like a pestle used 
for pounding or beating. 

STAMP'-A€T, n. An act of the British Parliament, imposing 
a duty on all paper, vellum, and parchment used in her 
American colonies, and declaring all writings on unstamped 
materials to be null and void. This was one cause of the 
Revolution. 

STAMP'-Du-TY. n. [stamp and duty.] A duty or tax im- 
posed on paper and parchment, the evidence of the pay- 
ment of which is the stamp. 

STAMPED (stampt), pp. or a. Impressed with a mark or 
figure ;_ coined ; imprinted ; deeply fixed. 

STAM-PeDE', n. In the western states, a sudden fright seiz- 
ing upon large bodies of cattle or horses in droves or en- 
campments on the prairies, and leading them to run for 
many miles, until they often sink down or die under their 
terror. — Kendall. 

STAMP'ER, n. An instrument for pounding or stamping. 

STAMPING, ppr. Impressing with a mark or figure ; coin- 
ing; imprinting. 

STAMP'ING-MILL, n. An engine, consisting of heavy pes- 
tles raised by water or steam power, for breaking or 
bruising ore. 

STAN, as a termination, is said to have expressed the su- 
perlative degree ; as in Athelstan, most noble ; Dunstan, 
the highest. But qu. stan, in Saxon, is stone. 

STANCH, v. t. [Fr. etancher ; Sp., Port, estancar.] In a 
general sense, to stop ; to set or fix ; but applied only to the 
blood ; to stop the flowing of blood. 

STANCH, v. i. To stop, as blood ; to cease to flow. 

STANCH, a. 1. Sound ; firm ; strong and tight. 2. Firm 
in principle ; steady ; constant and zealous ; hearty. 3. 
Strong ; not to be broken. 4. Firm ; close. — A stanch 
hound is one that follows the scent without error or re- 
missness. — Johnson. 

STANCHJED (stancht), pp. Stopped or restrained from 
flowing;. 

STaNCH'ER, n. He or that which stops the flowing of 
blood. 

STANCHING, ppr. Stopping the flowing of blood. 

STAN'CHION (stan'shun), n. [Fr. etancon.] A prop or sup- 
port ; a piece of timber or iron in the form of a stake or 
post, used for a support. 

STaNCH'LESS, a. That can not be stanched or stopped. 

STaNCHNESS, n. Soundness ; firmness in principle ; 
closeness of adherence. 

STAND, v. i. ; pret. and pp. stood. [Sax., Goth, standan ; G 
stehen; D. staaen ; Dan. staaer ; Sw. sta ; Sans, sta; L. 
sto.] 1. To be upon the feet, as an animal; not to sit, 
kneel, or lie. 2. To be erect, supported by the roots, as a 
tree or other plant. 3. To be on its foundation ; not to be 
overthrown or demolished. 4. To be placed or situated ; 
to have a certain position or location. 5. To remain up- 
right, in a moral sense ; not to fall. 6. To become erect 
7. To stop ; to halt ; not to proceed. 8. To stop ; to be at 
a stationary point. 9. To be in a state of fixedness ; hence, 
to continue ; to endure. 10. To be fixed or steady ; not to 
vacillate. 11. To be in or to maintain a posture of resist- 
ance or defense. 12. To be placed with regard to order 



D6VE ;- BULL, UNITE •— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K • 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this- t Obsolete. 



STA 



964 



STA 



or rank. 13. To be in any particular state ; to be, em- 
phatically expressed, that is, to be fixed or set. 14. To 
continue unchanged or valid ; not to fail or become void. 
15. To consist; to have its being and essence. 16. To 
have a place. 17. To be in any state. 18. To be in a par- 
ticular respect or relation. 19. To be, with regard to state 
of mind. 20. To succeed ; to maintain one's ground ; not 
to fail ; to be acquitted ; to be safe. 21. To hold a course 
at sea. 22. To have a direction. 23. To offer one's self as 
a candidate. 24. To place one's self; to be placed. 25. 
Ta stagnate ; not to flow. 26. To be satisfied or con- 
vinced. 27. To make delay. 28. To persist; to perse- 
vere. 29. To adhere; to abide. 30. To be permanent; 
to endure ; not to vanish or fade. 

To stand by. 1. To be near ; to be a spectator ; to be pres- 
ent. 2. To be aside ; to be placed aside with disregard. 
3. To maintain ; to defend ; to support ; not to desert. 4. 
To rest on for support; to be supported. — To stand for. 
1. To offer one's self as a candidate. 2. To side with ; to 
support ; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain. 
3. To be in the place of; to be the substitute or representa- 
tive of. Locke. — 4. In seamen's language, to direct the 
course toward. — To stand from, to direct the course from. 
~—To stand one in, to cost. — To stand in, or stand in for, in 
seamen's language, is to direct a course toward land or a 
harbor. — To stand off. 1. To keep at a distance. 2. Not 
to comply. 3. To forbear intimacy. — Atterbury. 4. To 
appear prominent ; to have relief. — To stand off, or off from, 
in seamen's language, is to direct the course from land. — 
To stand off and on, is to remain near a coast by sailing 
toward land and then from it. — To stand on, to continue 
on the same tack or course. Totten. — To stand out. 1. To 
project ; to be prominent. 2. To persist in opposition or 
resistance ; not to yield or comply ; not to give way or 
recede. 3. With seamen, to direct the course from land 
or a harbor. — To stand to. 1. To ply ; to urge efforts ; to 
persevere. 2. To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion. 
3. To abide by ; to adhere. 4. Not to yield ; not to fly ; 
to maintain the ground. — To stand to sea, to direct the 
course from land. — To stand under, to undergo ; to sus- 
tain. Sliak. — To stand up. 1. To rise from sitting ; to be 
on the feet. 2. To arise in order to gain notice 3. To 
make a party. — To stand up for, to defend ; to justify; to 
support, or attempt to support. — To stand upon. 1. To 
concern ; to interest. 2. To value ; to pride. 3. To in- 
sist. Shah. — To stand with, to be consistent. — To stand 
against, to oppose ; to resist. — To stand fast, to be fixed; 
to be unshaken or immovable. — To stand in hand, to be 
important to one's interest. 

STAND, v. t. 1. To endure; to sustain; to bear. 2. To 
endure ; to resist without yielding or receding. 3. To 
await ; to suffer ; to abide by.— To stand one's ground, to 
keep the ground or station one has taken; to maintain 
one s position. — To stand it, to bear or endure trials. — To 
stand trial, is to sustain the trial or examination of a cause. 
— To stand fire, to receive an enemy's fire without giving 
way. 

STAND, n. [Sans, stana.) 1. A point beyond which one 
does not proceed ; as, to come to a stand. 2. A place or 
post where one stands, or a place convenient for persons 
to remain in for any purpose. 3. An erection or raised 
station for spectators, as at a horse-race. — Willis. 4. Rank ; 
post; standing. 5. The act of opposing. 6. The highest 
Tjoint, or the ultimate point of progression where a stop is 
made, and regressive motion commences. 7. A young 
tree, usually reserved when the other trees are cut. 8. A 
small table ; as, a candle-stand. — 9. In commei-ce, a weight 
of from two hundred and a half to three hundred of pitch. 
10. Something on which a thing rests or is laid. 11. The 
place where a witness stands to testify in court. — Stand of 
arms, in military affairs, a musket with its usual append- 
ages. — To be at a stand, to stop on account of some doubt 
or difficulty ; hence, to be perplexed ; to be embarrassed. 
— Syn. A stop ; halt ; rest ; interruption ; obstruction ; 
perplexity ; difficulty ; embarrassment ; hesitation. 

STAND'-CROP, n. A plant.— Ainsicorth. 

STAND'-POINT, n. A fixed point or station; a basis or 
fundamental principle ; a position from which things are 
viewed ; [from the German.] 

STAND-STILL, n. A standing without moving forward. 
—Blackwood. 

STAND'ARD, n. [It. stendardo ; Fr. etendard ; Sp. estandarte ; 
D. standaard.] 1. An ensign of war ; a staff with a flag or 
colors. 2. That which is established by sovereign power 
as a rule or measure by which others are to be adjusted. 
3. That which is established as a rule or model, by the 
authority of public opinion, or by custom ; criterion ; test. 
—4. In coinage, the proportion of weight of fine metal and 
alloy established by authority. 5. A standing tree or stem ; 
a tree not supported or attached to a wall. — 6. In carpen- 
try, an upright support, as the poles of a scaffold. Gloss. 
of Archit. — 7. In ship-building, an inverted knee placed 
upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch 



turned upward from that which lies horizontally. — 8. In 
botany, the upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corol. 

STAND'ARD-BEaR'ER, n. [standard and bear.] An officei 
of an army, company, or troop who bears a standard ; an 
ensign of infantry or a cornet of horse. 

t STAND'EL, n. A tree of long standing. — Howell. 

STAND'ER, n. 1. One who stands. 2. A tree that haa 
stood long. — Ascham ; [obs.] 

STAND'ER-BY, n. One who stands near ; one who is pres- 
ent ; a mere spectator. — Addison. 

STAND'ER-GRaSS, n. A plant. 

STANDING, ppr. 1. Being on the feet ; being erect 2 
Moving in a certain direction to or from an object. 3. a 
Settled; established, either by law or by custom, &c. 
continually existing ; permanent; not temporary. 4. Last 
ing ; not transitory ; not liable to fade or vanish. 5. Stag 
nant ; not flowing. 6. Fixed ; not movable. 7. Remain 
ing erect ; not cut down. — Standing rigging. See Rig 

GING. 

STANDING, n. 1. Continuance ; duration, or existence. 
2. Possession of an office, character, or place. 3. Station ; 
place to stand in. 4. Power to stand. 5. Rank; condi- 
tion in society. — Standing off, the act of sailing from the 
land. — Standing on, the act of sailing toward the land.- 
W. Irving. 

STAND'ISH, n. [stand and dish.] A case for pen and ink. 

STaNE, n. [Sax. stan.] A stone. [Local.] 

STANG, n. [Sax. stang, steng ; Dan. stang ; G. stange.] 1. 
A pole, rod, or perch ; a measure of land. — Swift ; [obs.) 
2. A long bar ; a pole ; a shaft. — To ride the stang, is to be 
carried on a pole on men's shoulders, in derision. — Todd , 
[local.] 

STANG, v. i. To shoot with pain.— Grose. [Local] 

STAN'HOPE, n. A light, two-wheeled carriage, without a 
top, so called from Lord Stanhope, for whom it was con- 
trived. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

t STANK, a. Weak ; worn out. — Spenser. 

t STANK, v.i. To sigh. 

t STANK, old pret. of stink. Stunk is now used. 

STANK, n. [W. ystanc] A dam or mound to stop water 
— Halliwell. [Local.] 

STAN'NA-RY, a. [from L. stannum, tin ; Ir. stan.] Relating 
to the tin works ; as, stannary courts. — Blackstone. 

STAN'NA-RY, re. A tin mine.— Hall. 

STAN'NATE, n. [L. stannum, tin.] A salt formed of stan- 
nic acid united with a base. 

STAN'NEL, 1 n. The kestrel, a species of hawk ; called, 

STAN'YEL, 5 also, stone-gall and wind-hover. [Local.] 

STANNIC, a. [L. stannum.] Pertaining to tin; procured 
from tin. 

STANNIC AC'ID, n. The deutoxyd of tin, which, like an 
acid, unites with bases and forms salts, called stannates. 

STAN-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. stannum and fero.] Containing 
or affording tin. — Ure. 

STAN'ZA, n. [It. stanza ; Sp., Port, estancia.] 1. In poetry, 
a number of fines or verses connected with each other 
and ending in a full point or pause ; a part of a poem, or 
dinarily containing every variation of measure in that 
poem. — 2. In architecture, an apartment or division in a 
building.— Brande. 

STAN-Za'IC, a. Consisting in stanzas. 

STAPH'Y-LlNE, a. [Gr. ara^v^rj-] In mineralogy, having 
the form of a bunch of grapes ; botryoidal.- Shepard. 

STAPH- Y-Lo'MA n. An enlargement of the eyeball, with a 
protuberance of the cornea, and dimness or entire aboli- 
tion of sight. — J. M. Good. 

STAPH- Y-LOR'A-PHY, n. [Gr. ara<pv\v and fiafr].] A sur- 
gical suture of the palate, for the purpose of uniting the 
edges of a fissure. 

STa'PLE (sta'pl), n. [Sax. stapel, stapul ; D., G, Sw. slapel ; 
Dan. stabel.] 1. A settled mart or market ; an emporium ; 
[rare.] 2. A city or town where merchants agree to carry 
certain commodities; [rare.] 3. A principal commodity 
or production of a country or district. 4. The thread or 
pile of wool, cotton, or flax. Hence, 5. Figuratively, the 
material or substance of a thing ; as, the staple of a literary 
production. 6. A loop of iron, or a bar or wire bent and 
formed with two points to be driven into wood to hold a 
hook, pin, &c. Pope. — Staple of land, the particular nature 
and quality of land. 
STa'PLE, a. 1. Settled; established in commerce. 2. Ac- 
cording to the laws of commerce ; marketable ; fit to be 
sold.— Swift ; [rare.] 3. Chief; principal; regularly pro- 
duced or made for market ; as, staple commodities. 
STa'PLER, 11. A dealer; as, a wool stapler. 
STAR, n. [Sax. steorra ; Dan., Sw. stierna ; G. stern; D. 
star.] 1. An apparently small, luminous body in the 
heavens, that shines in the night, or when its light is not 
obscured by clouds, or lost in the brighter effulgence of 
the sun. Stars are divided into fixed stars, which are fixea 
luminous points of the firmament, considered by astrono- 
mers to be suns, and planets or wandering stars, whicl 
change their positions in the firmament. 2. The pole-star 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, <fcc, long, a, E, 1, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE . BiRD ;— M5 VE. BOQK. 



STA 



965 



STA 






—Skdk. ; [obs.] — 3. In astrology, a configuration of the 
p'anets, supposed to influence fortune. 4. The figure of a 
star ; a radiated mark in printing or writing ; an asterisk ; 
thus, [*], used as a reference to a note in the margin, or 
to fill a blank in writing or printing where letters are 
omitted. 5. The figure of a star ; a badge of rank. 6. A 
person of brilliant and attractive qualities on some public 
occasion ; a theatrical performer, &.c. 

HTAR, v. t. To set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating 
bodies ; to bespangle. 

STAR'-AP-PLE (-ap-pl), n. The popular name of several 
ispecies of Jirysophyllum, evergreen trees, producing es- 
culent fruit, and growing in intertropical climates. 

8TAR-CHAM-BER, n. Formerly, a court of criminal juris- 
diction in England, which exercised extensive powers 
during the reigns of Henry VIII. and his successors, and 
was finally dissolved in the reign of Charles I. 

STAR-€ROWN£D, a. Crowned with stars.— Holmes. 

STAR'-EN-C1R'€L.ED, a. Encircled with stars. 

STAR'-FISH, n. A marine animal, the sea-star or asterias, a 
genus of pedicellate echinoderms or zoophytes, so named 
from, their shape. 

STAR'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus ornithogalum 
or stellaria. — Lee. 

STaR'-FoRT, n. A fort surrounded on the exterior with 
projecting angles ; hence the name. 

STaR'-GaZ-ER, n. One who gazes at the stars ; a term of 
contempt for an astrologer. 

STAR'-GaZ-ING, n. The act or practice of observing the 
stars with attention ; astrology. — Swift. 

STAR'-GRASS, n. Starry duck-meat, a plant of the genus 
callitriche ; also, of the genus aletris. 

STAR'-HAWK, n. A species of hawk so called. 

STAR'-HY'A-CINTH, n. A bulbous plant of the genus 
scilla. 

STAR'-JEL-LY, n, A plant, the tremella, one of the fungi ; 
also, star-shoot, a gelatinous substance ; also, a tremella. 

STXR'-LED, a. Guided by the stars. 

STAR'-LlKE, a. [star and like.] 1. Resembling a star ; stel- 
lated ; radiated like a star. 2. Bright ; illustrious. 

STAR OF BETH'LE-HEM. A flower and bulbous plant of 
the genus orniiho solum. — Lee. 

STAR r -PAV.ED, a. ~ Studded with stars.— Milton. 

STAR-PROOF, a. [star and proof] Impervious to the light 
of the stars. — Milton. 

t STaR'-Re AD, 7i. Doctrine of the stars ; astronomy. 

STaR'-ROOF£D (-rooft), a. Roofed with stars. 

STAR'-SHOOT, n. A gelatinous substance, often found in 
wet meadows, and formerly by some supposed to be the 
extinguished residuum of a shooting star. It is really a 
fungus of the genus tremella. 

STAR-SPAN"GL.ED, a. Spangled with stars.— E. Everett. 

STAR'-SToNE, n. A variety of sapphire, which, in a cer- 
tain direction, presents a reflection of light in the form of 
a star. — Brande. 

STAR'-THIS-TLE (-this-1), n. An annual plant of the genus 
centaur ea. 

STAR-W6RT (-wurt), n. A plant of the genus aster. The 
species are shrubby or herbaceous, and their flowers re- 
semble small stars. 

STAR'BOARD, n. [Sax. steor-board ; G. steuerbort; D. stuur- 
bord.] The right-hand side of a ship or boat, when a 
spectator stands with his face toward the head, stem, or 
prow. 

STaR'BoARD, a. Pertainilg to the right-hand side of a 
ship ; being or lying on the right side. 

STARCH, n. [Sax. stearc] A substance used to stiffen linen 
and other cloth. It is white, solid, with no smell, and 
with very little taste, insoluble in cold water, but with 
boiling water it forms a jelly nearly transparent. Starch 
may be separated from all farinaceous substances, as 
wheat potatoes, &c. 

STARCH a. Stiff; precise; rigid.— Killingbeck. 

STARCH, v. t. To stifi'en with starch.— Gay. 

STARCH'-HyA-CINTH. n. A bulbous plant, allied to the hy- 
acinth, and named from the smell of the flower. — Loudon. 

STARCHED (starcht). pp. or a. 1. Stiffened with starch. 
2. a. Stiff: precise ; formal. — Sicift. 

STARCHED'NESS, n. Stiffness in manners ; formality. 

STaPv.CH'ER, n. One who starches, or whose occupation 
is to starch. — Johnson. 

STARCHING, ppr. Stiffening with starch. 

STARCH'LY, adv. With stiffness of manner; formally. 

STARCH'NESS, n. Stifihess of manner; preciseness. 

STARCHY, a. Consisting of starch ; resembling starch ; 
stiff; precise. 

STARE, n. [Sax. star ; Sw. stare.] A bird, the starling. 

STARE, v. i. [Sax. starian ; G. starren.] 1. To gaze; to 
look with fixed eyes wide open ; to fasten an earnest look 
on some object. 2. To stand out; to be prominent; 
[obs.]— To stare in the face, to be before the eyes or un- 
deniably evident. 
STAPi-E, n. A fixed look with eyes wide open. — Dryden. 



STAR'ER, n. One who stares or gazes. 

STARTNG, ppr. or a. Gazing ; looking with fixed eyes. 

STARTNG-LY, adv. Gazingly. 

STARK, a. [Sax. sterc, stearc ; D. sterk ; G. stark.] 1. Stiff , 
strong; rugged; [obs.] 2. Deep; full; profound; abso- 
lute ; [obs.] 3. Mere ; gross ; absolute. 

STARK, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; absolutely ; as, stark mad , 
stark naked. [Inelegant.] 

t STARKLY, adv. Stiffly ; strongly.— Shak. 

STAR'LESS, a. Having no stars risible or no starlight 

STARLIGHT, n. Thelight proceeding from the stars. 

STARLIGHT (-lite), a. Lighted by the stars.— Dryden. 

STARLING, n. [Sax. star ; Sw. stare.] 1. A bird of the 
genus sturnus, Linn, also called stare. The American 
starling is better known by the name of meadow-lark.— 
Peabody. 2. A name given to piles driven round the piors 
of a bridge for defense and support. 

STAR'OST, n. In Poland, a nobleman who possessed a 
starosty. 

STAR'OS-TY, n. In Poland, a name given to castles and 
domains conferred on noblemen for life by the crown.- 
Brande. 

STARRED (stard), pp. or a. 1. Adorned or studded with 
stars. 2. Influenced in fortune by the stars. 

t STAR'RING, ppr. or a. 1. Adorning with stars. 2. Shining ; 
bright ; sparkling ; as, starring comets. 

STAR/RY, a. [from star.] 1. Abounding with stars; adorned 
with stars. 2. Consisting of stars ; stellar ; stellary ; pro- 
ceeding from the stars. "3. Shining like stars ; resembling 
stars. 

START, v. i. [D. storten ; Sw. storta.] 1. To move suddenly, 
as if by a twitch. 2. To move suddenly, as by an involun 
tary shrinking from sudden fear or alarm. 3. To move 
with sudden quickness, as with a spring or leap. 4. To 
shrink ; to wince. 5. To move suddenly aside ; to devi- 
ate. 6. To set out ; to commence a race, as from a bar- 
rier or goal. 7. To set out ; to commence a journey or 
enterprise. — To start up, to rise suddenly, as from a seat 
or couch ; to rise suddenly into notice. 

START, v. t. 1. To alarm ; to disturb suddenly ; to startle ; 
to rouse. 2. To rouse suddenly from concealment; to 
cause to flee or fly, as game. — Pope. 3. To bring into mo- 
tion; to produce suddenly to view or notice. "4. To in- 
vent or discover ; to bring within pursuit. 5. To move 
suddenly from its place; to dislocate. 6. To empty, as 
liquor from a cask ; to pour out — Mar. Diet. 

START, 7i. 1. A sudden motion of the body; a sudden 
twitch ; a spastic affection. 2. A sudden motion from 
alarm. 3. A sudden rousing to action ; a spring ; excite- 
ment 4. Sally ; sudden motion or effusion ; a bursting 
forth. 5. Sudden fit ; sudden motion followed by inter- 
mission. 6. A quick spring ; a darting ; a shoot ; a push. 
7. First motion from a place ; act of setting out. — To get 
the start, to begin before another ; to gain the advantage in 
a similar undertaking. 

START, n. A projection ; a push ; a horn ; a tail. 

START'-UP, 72. 1. One who comes suddenly into notice, 
an upstart : [obs.] 2. A kind of high shoe. — Hall. 

t START'-UP, a. Suddenly coming into notice. 

STARTED, pp. Suddenly roused or alarmed; poured out, 
as a liquid ; discovered ; proposed. 

START'ER, n. 1. One who starts ; one who shrinks from 
his purpose. 2. One who suddenly moves or suggests a 
question or an objection. 3. A dog that rouses game. 

START'FUL. a. Apt to start ; skittish. 

STARTTUL-NESS, n. Aptness to start 

STARTLN G, ppr. Moving suddenly ; shrinking ; rousing , 
commencing, as a journev, &c. 

STARTING, n. The act of moving suddenly. 

STARTiNG-HoLE, n. A loophole ; evasion.— Martin. 

STARTTNG-PoST, n. A post, state, barrier, or place from 
which competitors in a race start or begin the race. 

STARTiNG-LY, adv. By sudden fits or starts.— Sluik. 

START'ISH, a. Apt to start ; skittish ; shy. 

STARTLE (startl), v. i. [dim. of start.] To shrink : to move 
suddenly or be excited on feeling a sudden alarm. 

STARTLE, v. t. 1. To impress with fear ; to excite by 
sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension. 2. To deter ; 
to cause to deviate ; [rare.]— Srx. To start ; shock 
fright : frighten ; alarm ; surprise. 

START'LE,~72. A sudden motion or shock occasioned bj 
an unexpected alarm, surprise, or apprehension of dan- 
ger ; sudden impression of terror. 

STARTLED, pp. Suddenly moved or shocked by an im 
pression of fear or surprise. 

STARTLING, ppr. or a. Suddenly impressing with fear. 

STARTLING-LY, adv. In a startling manner. 

STARV-A'TION, n. The act of starving or state of being 
starved. 

STARVE, v. i. [Sax. stearfian : G. sterben.] 1. To perish; 
to be destroyed; [obs.] 2. To perish or die with cold, 
[England.] 3. To perish with hunger. 4. To suffer ex- 
treme hunger or want; to be very indigent. 



D6VE ;— BULL. BNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"C10US.— € asK; <J as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TB is in this, t Obsolete 



STA 



966 



STA 



STARVE, v. t. 1. To kill with hunger. 2. To distress or 
subdue by famine. 3. To destroy by want. 4. To kill 
with cold. 5. To deprive of force or vigor ; [unusual.] 

STARVED, pp. or a. 1. Killed with hunger ; subdued by 
hunger; rendered poor by want. 2. Killed by cold; 
[England.] 

STARVELING (starvling), a. Hungry ; lean ; pining with 
want. — Phillips. 

STARVE'LING (starvling), n. An animal or plant that is 
made thin, lean, and weak through want of nutriment. 

STARVING, ppr. or a. 1. Perishing with hunger; killing 
with hunger ; rendering lean and poor by want of nourish- 
ment. 2. Perishing with cold; killing with cold; [En- 
glish.] 

STAT PRO Rl-TI-6'NE VO-LUN'TAS (-ra-she-6'ne). [L.J 
The will stands for reason. 

ST1TA-RY, a. [from state.] Fixed ; settled.— Brown. 

STaTE, n. [L. status ; It. stato ; Sp. estado ; Fr. etdt.\ 1. 
Condition ; the circumstances of a being or thing at any 
given time. 2. Modification of any thing. 3. Crisis ; sta- 
tionary point ; height ; point from which the next move- 
ment is regression ; [obs.] 4. Estate ; possession ; [obs.] 
5. A political body, or body politic ; the whole body of peo- 
ple united under one government ; more usually, a com- 
monwealth or body politic, having a representative legis- 
lature. 6. A body of men united by profession, or consti- 
tuting a community of a particular character ; as, the states 
ecclesiastical and civil. 7. Rank ; condition ; quality. 8. 
Pomp ; appearance of greatness. 9. Dignity ; grandeur ; 
as, to keep state. — Bacon. 10. A seat of dignity. — Shak. 
II. A canopy ; a covering of dignity ; [unusual.] 12. A 
person of high rank ; [obs.] 13. The principal persons in 
a government. — Milton. 14. The bodies that constitute 
the legislature of a country; as, the states general 15. 
Joined with another word, it denotes public, or what be- 
longs to the community or body politic ; as, state affairs. 

STaTE, v. t. 1. To set ; to settle. 2. To express the par- 
ticulars of any thing in writing ; to set down in detail or in 
gross. 3. To express the particulars of any thing verbally ; 
to represent fully in words ; to narrate ; to recite. 

STATE'-M0N"GER (-mung'ger), n. [state and monger.] One 
versed in politics, or one who dabbles in state affairs. 

STaTE'-Pa'PER, n. A paper relating to the political inter- 
ests or government of a state. — Jay. 

STaTE'-PRIS'ON, n. A public prison or penitentiary. 

STATE'-PRIS'ON-ER, n. One in confinement for political 
offenses. 

STATE'-ROOM, n. 1. A magnificent room in a palace or 
great house. 2. An apartment for lodging in a ship's 
cabin. 

STaTE'-TRiAL, n. A trial of persons for political offenses. 

STaT'ED, pp. 1. Expressed or represented ; told ; recited. 
2. a. Settled; established; regular; occurring at regular 
times ; not occasional. 3. Fixed ; established. 

STaT'ED-LY, adv. Regularly ; at certain times ; not occa- 
sionally. 

STATE'LESS, a. Without pomp.— J. Barlow. 

STATE'LI-NESS, n. 1. Grandeur; loftiness of mien or 
manner ; majestic appearance ; dignity. 2. Appearance 
of pride ; affected dignity. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

STaTE'LY, a. 1. Characterized by dignity and loftiness. 
2. Characterized by magnificence and grandeur. 3. Ele- 
vated in sentiment.— Syn. Lofty ; dignified ; majestic ; 
magnificent ; grand ; august. 

STaTE'LY, adv. Majestically ; loftily.— Milton. 

STATE'MENT, n. 1. The act of stating, reciting, or pre- 
senting verbally or on paper. 2. A series of facts or par- 
ticulars expressed on paper. 3. A series of facts verbally 
recited ; recital of the circumstances of a transaction. 

STa'TEPv,, n. The principal gold coin of ancient Greece. 
It varied much in value, but was usually worth about 
£1 3s. sterling, or $5|. The Attic silver tetradrachm was, 
in later times" called stater. — Smith's Diet. 

STATES, n. pi. Nobility.— Shak. See, also, State. 

STATES-GEN'ER-AL, n. pi. In France, before the Revolu- 
tion, the assembly of the three orders of the kingdom, viz., 
the clergy, the nobility, and the third estate, or common- 
alty. — In Netherlands and Holland, the legislative body, 
composed of two chambers.— P. Cyc. 

STATES'MAN, n. 1. A man versed in the arts of govern- 
ment ; usually, one eminent for political abilities ; a poli- 
tician. 2. A small landholder ; [north of England.] — Hal- 
liwell. 3. One employed in public affairs. 

STATES'MAN-LlKE, a. Having the manner or wisdom 

STATES'MAN-SHIP, n. The qualifications or employments 

of a statesman. — Churchill. 
STATES'WoM-AN, n. A woman who meddles in public 

affairs ; [in contempt.] — Addison. 
STATIC, >a. 1. Pertaining to bodies at rest or in 
STATIC-AL, > equilibrium. 2. Resting ; acting by mere 

weight ; as, statical pressure. 
STATICS, n. [Fr. staiique ; It. statica ; L. statice.] 1. That 



branch of mechanics which treats of the forces which keep 
bodies at rest or in equilibrium. — 2. In medicine, a kind ot 
epileptics, or persons seized with epilepsies. 

STATING, n. An act of making a statement ; a statement 

STaTING, ppr. /Setting forth ; expressing in particulars. 

STATION (staVhun), n. [Fr. ; L. statio ; It. stazione ; Sp 
estacion.] J/ The act of standing; [obs.] 2. A state of 
rest ; \rar£] 3. The spot or place where one stands, par- 
ticularly where a person habitually stands, or is appointed 
to remain for a time. 4. Post assigned ; office ; the part 
or department of public duty which a person is appointed 
to perform. 5. Situation; position. 6. Employment; oc- 
cupation ; business. 7. Character ; state. 8. Rank ; con 
dition of life. — 9. In Church history, the fast of the fourth 
and sixth days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, ii. 
memory of the council which condemned Christ, and of 
his passion. — 10. Among Roman Catholics, a church where 
indulgences are to be had on certain days. 

STATION, v. t. To place ; to set ; or to appoint to the oc- 
cupation of a post, place, or office. 

STATION, \ n. A resting-place on a rail-way, at 

STATION-HOUSE, > which a halt is made to receive or 
let down passengers or goods. — Brande. 

STATION-BILL, n. In seamen's language, a list containing 
the appointed posts of the ship's company when naviga- 
ting the ship. 

STa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a station. — Encyc. 

STa'TION-A-RY, a. 1. Fixed ; not moving ; not progress- 
ive or regressive ; not appearing to move. 2. Not ad- 
vancing, in a moral sense ; not improving ; not growing 
wiser, greater, or better. 3. Respecting place. — Stationa- 
ry engine, on a rail-ioay, a steam-engine in a fixed position, 
which draws a load by a rope or other means of commu 
nication extended along the road. 

STATION-ER, n. Originally, a bookseller, from his occu 
pying a stand or station ; but at present, one who sells 
paper, quills, inkstands, pencils, and other articles foi 
writing. 

STATION-ER-Y, n. The articles usually sold by stationers, 
as paper, ink, quills, &c. 

STATION-ER-Y, a. Belonging to a stationer. 

STATISM, n. Policy. 

t STATIST, n. [from state.] A statesman ; a politician , 
one skilled in government. — Milton. 

STATISTIC, \ a. [from state, or statist.] 1. Pertaining 

STA-TISTTC-AL, 5 to the state of society, the condition 
of the people, their economy, their property, and re- 
sources. 

STAT-IS-TI"CIAN (-tish'an), n. A person who is familiar 
with the science of statistics. 

STATISTICS, n. 1. A collection of facts respecting the 
state of society, the condition of the people in a nation or 
country, their health longevity, domestic economy, arts, 
property, and political strength, the state of the country, 
<fec. — Sinclair. 2. The science which treats of these sub 
jects. 

STa'TIVE, a. Pertaining to a fixed camp. 

STATU-A-RY (stafyu-a-re), n. [It. statuaria ; Sp. estatuaria , 
L. statuarius.] 1. The art of carving statues or images as 
representatives of real persons or things ; a branch of 
sculpture. 2. [It. statuario ; Sp. estatuario.] One who 
professes or practices the art of carving images or making 
statues. 

STATUE, n. [L. statua.] An image ; a solid substance 
formed by carving into the likeness of a whole living 
being. 

STATUE, v. t. To place, as a statue ; to form a statue of. 

tSTA-Tu'MI-NATE, v. t. [L. statumino.] To prop or sup- 
port. 

STAT'URE (stafyure), n. [L., It. statura ; Fr. stature.] The 
natural height of an animal body; [generally used of the. 
human body.] — Dryden. 

STATURPD, a. Arrived at full stature.— Hall. [Rare.] 

STATUS QUO. [L.] A treaty between belligerents, which 
leaves each party in statu quo ante bellum, i. e., in the state 
in which it was before the war. — Brande. 

STATU-TA-BLE, a. 1. Made or introduced by statute, 
proceeding from an act of the legislature. 2. Made or be- 
ing in conformity to statute. — Addison. 

STATU-TA-BLY, 'adv. In a manner agreeable to statute. 

STAT'UTE (stat'yute), n. [Fr. statut ; It. statuto ; Sp. estate 
to ; L. statutum.] 1. An act of the legislature of a state 
commanding or prohibiting something ; a positive law. — 
Statutes are distinguished from common law. The latter 
owes its binding force to the principles of justice, to long 
use, and the consent of a nation. The former owe their 
binding force to a positive command or declaration of the 
supreme power. — Statute is commonly applied to the acts f 
of a legislative body consisting of representatives.— In 
monarchies, the laws of the sovereign are called edicts, de- 
crees, ordinances, rescripts, &c. 2. A special act of the 
supreme power, of a private nature, or intended to oper- 
only on an individual or company. 3 



* Ae Synopsis. A % I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR FALL. WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD —MOVE. BOOK, 



STE 



967 



STE 



corporation or of its founder, intended as a permanent 
rule or law. 

STATUTE-MERCHANT, n. In English law, a security 
entered before the Mayor of London, or some chief 
warden of a city, by which the lands of the debtor are 
conveyed to the creditor, till out of the rents and profits 
of them the debt may be satisfied. — Bouvier. 

STATUTE-STa'PLE, n. A bond of record acknowledged 
before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the 
creditor may forthwith have execution against the body, 
lands, and goods of the debtor, on non-payment. — Black- 
stone. 

STATU-TO-RY, a. Enacted by statute ; depending on stat- 
ute for it» authority. 

STAUNCH, to. See Stanch. 

STAU'RO-LlTE, \ n. [Gr. aravpoS and Was or «&>$.] A 

STAU'RO-TiDE, £ mineral crystallized in prisms, which 
often intersect one another in the form of a cross ; also 
called grenatite. It consists essentially of silica, alumina, 
and oxyd of iron. The name staurolite has also been ap- 
plied to the mineral harmotome, one of the zeolites. — Dana. 

STAU'RO-TY-POUS, a. [Gr. cravpoi and twos-] In miner- 
alogy, having its macles or spots in the form of a cross. — 
Mohs. 

STaVE, n. [from staff; Fr. douve, douvain.] 1. A thin, 
narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made. 2, A 
staff; a metrical portion ; a part of a psalm appointed to 
be sung in churches. — 3. In music, the five horizontal and 
parallel lines and the spaces on which the notes of tunes 
are written or printed. 

STIVE, v. t. ; pret. and pp. stove or staved. 1. To break a 
hole in ; to break ; to burst ; primarily, to thrust through 
with a staff. 2. To push, as with a staff: with off. 3. To 
delay. 4. To pour out ; to suffer to be lost by breaking 
the cask. 5. To furnish with staves or rundles ; [obs.] — 
To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a staff and by 
pulling the taiL 

\ ST AVE, v. i. To fight with staves.— Hudibras. 

STAVES, n. An old plural of staff pronounced stavz or 
stavz. Also, the regular plural of Stave. 

ST4W, v. i. To be fixed or set. [Not in use, or local.] 

STaY, v. i. ; pret. staid, for stayed. [Ir. stadam ; Sp. estay, 
estiar ; Port, estear ; Fr. etai, etayer ; D. stut, stutten.] 1. 
To remain ; to continue in a place ; to abide for any in- 
definite time. 2. To continue in a state. 3. To wait ; to 
attend ; to forbear to act. 4. To stop ; to stand still. 5. 
To dwell. 6. To rest ; to rely ; to confide in ; to trust. 

STaY, v. t. ; pret. and pp. staid, for stayed. 1. To stop ; to 
hold from proceeding ; to withhold ; to restrain. 2. To 
delay ; to obstruct ; to hinder from proceeding. 3. To 
keep from departure. 4. To stop from motion or falling ; 
to prop ; to hold up ; to support. 5. To support from 
sinking ; to sustain with strength. 

8TaY, n. 1. Continuance in a place ; abode for a time in- 
definite. 2. Stand ; stop ; cessation of motion or progres- 
sion ; [rare.] 3. Stop ; obstruction ; hinderance from 
progress. 4. Restraint of passion ; moderation ; caution ; 
steadiness ; sobriety ; [obs.] 5. A fixed state. 6. Prop ; 
support ; brace. 7. Steadiness of conduct — 8. In the rig- 
ging of a ship, a large, strong rope, employed to support 
the mast, by being extended from its upper end to the 
stem of the ship. — Stays, in seamanship, implies the opera- 
tion of going about or changing the course of a ship, with 
a shifting of the sails. — To be in stays, to be in the act of 
tacking. — To miss stays, to fail in attempting to tack. — 
Brande._ 

IsTaY'-LaCE, n. A lace for fastening the bodice in female 
dress.— Swift. 

STaY'-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
stays. 

STaY'-SaIL, n. Any sail extended on a stay.— Mar. Diet. 

STIY'-TACK-LE (-tak-1), n. A large tackle attached to the 
main-stay by means of a pendant, and used to hoist heavy 
bodies, as boats, butts of water, and the like. 

STIY£D (stade), pp. or a. [now written staid.] Staid ; 
fixed. 

STaYjED'LY (stadely), adv. Composedly ; gravely ; mod- 
erately ; prudently ; soberly. [Little used.] 

STaY-ED'NESS (stade'nes), n. 1. Moderation ; gravity ; 
sobriety ; [see Staidness.] 2. Solidity ; weight ; [rare.] 

STaY'ER, n. One who stops or restrains ; one who up- 
holds or supports ; that which props. 

BTIY'LESS, a. Without stop or delay. [Little used.] 

STIYS, n. pi. 1. A bodice ; a kind of waistcoat stiffened 
with whalebone or other thing, worn by females. — 2. 
Stays of a ship ; [see Stay.] 3. Station ; fixed anchorage. 
4. Any suDport ; that which keeps another extended. 

STEAD (sted), n. [Goth, stads ; Sax., Dan. sted ; D. stede.] 
1. Place ; in general. — Spenser ; [obs.] 2. Place or room 
which another had or might have, noting substitution, re- 
placing, or filling the place of another. 3. The frame on 
which a bed is laid ; bedstead.— Dryden ; [not used.]— To 
stand in stead, to be of use or great advantage. 



STEAD, } in names of places distant from a :iver or the ses 

STED, 5 signifies place, as above ; but in names of places 
situated on a river or harbor, it is from Sax. stalhe. border, 
bank, shore. 

t STEAD (sted), v. t. 1. To help ; to support ; to assist.— 
Shak. 2. To fill the place of another.— Sltak. 

STEADFAST (sted'fast), a. [stead and fast.] 1. Fast fixed , 
firm ; firmly fixed or established. 2. Constant ; firm ; i if 
olute ; immutable ; not fickle or wavering. 3. Steady. 

STEAD'FAST-LY (sted'fast-le), adv. Firmly; with con- 
stancy or steadiness of mind. 

STEAD'FAST-NESS (sted'fast-nes), n. 1. Firmness of stand- 
ing; fixedness in place. 2. Firmness of mind or purpose; 
fixedness in principle. — Syn. Cons-cancy ; resolution: im- 
mutability ; unchangeableness ; resolution. 

STEAD'I-LY (sted'de-le), adv. 1. With firmness of standing 
or position ; without totterhv, shaking, or leaning. 2 
Without wavering, inconstancy, or irregularity ; without 
deviating. 

STEAD'I-NESS (sted'de-nes), n. 1. Firmness of standing or 
position ; a state of being not tottering or easily moved or 
shaken. 2. Firmness of mind or purpose ; constancy ; 
resolution. 3. Consistent, uniform conduct. 

STEADY (sted'de), a [Sax. stedig.] 1. Firm in standing or 
position ; not tottering or shaking. 2. Constant in mind 
pm-pose, or pursuit ; not fickle, changeable, or wavering ; 
not easily moved or persuaded to alter a purpose. 3. 
Constant in direction or progress ; not deviating ; uni- 
form. 4. Constant ; not fluctuating ; as, a steady breeze 
of wind. — Syn. Fixed ; regular ; undeviating ; unremit- 
ted ; stable. 

STEADY (sted'de), v. t. To hold or keep from shaking, 
reeling, or falling ; to support ; to make or keep firm. 

STEaK (stake), n. [Dan. steeg, steg ; Sw. stek.] A slice of 
beef, pork, &c, broiled, or cut for broiling. 

STEAL (steel), v. t. ; pret. stole ; pp. stolen, stole. [Sax. stcelan, 
stelan ; G. stehlen ; D. steelen; Dan. stieler.] 1. To take 
and carry away feloniously, as the personal goods of an- 
other. 2. To withdra T or convey without notice, or clan- 
destinely. 3. To gain or win by address or gradual and 
imperceptible means. — Syn. To filch ; pilfer ; purloin ; 
cabbage. 

STeAL, v. i. 1. To withdraw or pass privily, to slip in, 
along, or away unperceived ; to abscond. 2. To practice 
their; to take feloniously. 

STEAL, n. A handle. See Stele. 

STeAL'ER, n. One who steals ; a thief. 

STE AL'ING, ppr. Taking the goods of another feloniously ; 
withdrawing imperceptibly; gaining gradually. 

STEALTNG-LY, adv. Slily ; privately, or by an invisible 
motion. — Sidney. [Little used.] 

STEALTH (stelth), n. J. The act of stealing; theft. 2. 
The thing stolen ; [obs.] 3. Secret act ; clandestine prac- 
tice ; means unperceived employed to gain an object ; 
way or manner not perceived. 

STEALTH'FUL (stelth'ful). a. Given to stealth. 

STEALTH'FUL-LY (stelth'ful-le), adv. In a stealthful man- 
ner. 

STEALTH'FUL-NESS (stelth'ful-nes), n. State of being 
stealthful 

STEALTH'I-LY (stelth'i-le), adv. By stealth. 

STEALTHY (stelth'e), a. Done by stealth; clandestine, 
unperceived. — Shak. 

STEAM (steem), n. [Sax. steam, stem ;. D. stoom.] 1. The 
vapor of water ; or the elastic, aeriform fluid generated 
by heating water to the boiling point. — High steam is steam 
employed under an artificial pressure, to increase its elas- 
tic force above that of the atmosphere. — Low steam, steam 
formed without artificial pressure, having an elastic force 
equal to that of the atmosphere. Olmsted.— 2. In popular 
use, the mist formed by condensed vapor. 

STEAM, v. i. I. To rise or pass off in vapor by means of 
heat ; to fume. 2. To send off visible vapor. 3. To pass 
off in visible vapor. 

STEAM, v. t. 1. To exhale ; to evaporate ; [rare.] 2. To 
expose to steam ; to apply steam to for softening, dress- 
ing, or preparing. 

STEAM'-BoAT, \n. A vessel propelled through the 

STEAM'-VES-SEL, 3 water by steam. 

STEAM'-BOIL-ER, n. A boiler in which water is convert- 
ed into steam for supplying a steam-engine, or for some 
other purpose in the arts or in domestic economy. — Brandt. 

STEAM'-€aR, n. A locomotive car used on rail-roads. 

ST£AM'-€AB.-R1A(JE. n. A carriage on wheels moved by 
steam on common rodds. 

STEAM'-EN-gINE, n. An engine worked by steam. A 
steam-engine is high-pressure which uses high steam, and 
low-pressure which uses low steam. See Steam. 

STEAM'-GUN, n. A gun in which the elastic force of steam 
is employed, instead of gunpowder, to propel the ball. It 
was invented by Jacob Perking. 

STEAM'-PA€K-ET, n. A packet or vessel propelled by 
steam. 



D<WE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



STE 



968 



STE 



STE AM -PIPE, n. The pipe communicating with the upper 
part of the boiler, through which the steam passes in its 
way to the cylinder. 

STEAM'-SHIP, n. A ship propelled by steam. 

STeAM'-TUG, n. A steam-vessel used in towing ship3. 
[England.] 

STEAM'-WHIS-TLE (-hwis-1), n. A pipe attached to a 
steam-engine or locomotive, through which steam is rap- 
idly discharged, producing a loud, shrill whistle, which 
serves as a warning or caution.— Buchanan. 

STEAMED (steemd), pp. Exposed to steam; cooked or 
dressed by steam. 

STeAM'ER, 7i. 1. A vessel propelled by steam ; a steam- 
ship. 2. A vessel in which articles are subjected to the 
action of steam, as in washing or cookery. 

STeAM'ING, ppr. Exposing to steam ; cooking or dressing 
by steam ; preparing for cattle by steam. 

I STE AN, for stone. 

STE-AR'!€, a. Pertaining to stearin. The stearic acid is 
produced by the action of alkalies on stearin. 

STE'AR-IN, n. [Gr. areap.] One of the proximate princi- 
ples of animal fat, as lard, tallow, &c. It is the harder 
portion, while elain is the softer. — Olmsted. 

STe'A-TITE, n. [Gr. areap, arearoS.] A compact rock of a 
granular texture and very soapy feel, presenting grayish- 
green and brownish shades ; also called soap-stone, lard- 
stone, and pot-stone. It is a variety of talc, and consists of 
silica and magnesia. Another allied mineral, called stea- 
tite or saponite, has a white or grayish color, impalpable 
texture, and the consistence of butter. — Dana. 

STE-A-TIT'IC, a. Pertaining to soap-stone ; of the nature 
of steatite, or resembling it. 

STE-ATO-CeLE, n, [Gr. areap and KrjXn.] A tumor of the 
scrotum, containing fat. — Cyc. 

STE-A-To'MA, n. [Gr.] A wen or encysted tumor con- 
taining matter like suet. — Coze. 

STED, ? c c 

STEDTAST. j See Stead " 

STEE, n. A ladder. [Not in use.] 

STEED, n. [Sax. stede.] A horse, or a horse for state or 
war. — Pope. — Dryden. 

STEEK'AN, n. In Holland, a wine measure of about five 
gallons. — Wilcocke's Diet. 

STEEL, n. [Sax. style ; D. staal ; G. stahl ; Dan. staal.] 1. 
Iron combined with a small but definite portion of carbon ; 
used in making instruments, and particularly useful as the 
material of edged tools.— 2. Figuratively, weapons ; par- 
ticularly, offensive weapons, swords, spears, and the like. 
3. Extreme hardness ; as, heads or hearts of steel. 

STEEL, a. Made of steel. 

STEEL, v. t. 1. To overlay, point, or edge with steel. 2. 
To make hard or extremely hard. 3. To make hard ; to 
make insensible or obdurate. 

STEEL'-€LAD, a. Clad or armed with steel. 

STEEL'-GiRT, a. Girded with steel.— Hemans. 

STEEL'-HEaRT-ED, a. Having the heart hard as steel. 

STEEL'-PLaT-ED, a. Plated with steel. 

STEELED, pp. Pointed or edged with steel; hardened; 
made insensible. 

STEEL'I-NESS, n. [from steely.] Great hardness. 

STEELING, ppr. Pointing or edging with steel ; harden- 
ing ; making insensible or unfeeling. 

STEEL'Y, a. 1. Made of steel ; consisting of 6teel. 2. 
Hard ; firm. 

STEEL'Y ARD, n. [steel and yard.] The Roman balance ; 
an instrument for weighing bodies, usually consisting of a 
lever with unequal arms, having a weight which may be 
moved on the longer arm, while the thing to be weighed 
is suspended from the shorter arm ; but sometimes the 
purpose is effected by means of a coiled spiral spring. 

IsTfAn' ( n ' ^ vessel of clay or stone. 

STEEN'ING, \ n. In architecture, the brick or stone wall, or 

STeANTNG, 5 lining of a wall.— Brande. 

\ STEEN'KiRK (-kurk), n. A cant term for a neckcloth. 

STEEP, a. [Sax. steap.] Making a large angle with the plane 
of the horizon ; ascending or descending with great inclin- 
ation ; precipitous. 

STEEP, n. A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock, or as- 
cent : a precipice. 

STEEP, v. t. To soak in a liquid : to macerate ; to imbue ; 
to drench ; to keep any thing in a liquid till it has thor- 
oughly imbibed it. 

STEEP, n. 1. Something that is steeped or used in steep- 
ing ; a fertilizing liquid for hastening the germination of 
seeds. 2. A runnet-bag ; [local.] 

STEEPED (steept), pp. Soaked ; macerated ; imbued. 

STEEP'ER, n. A vessel, vat, or cistern in which things are 
steeped. — Edwards, W. Indies. 

\ STEEP'I-NESS, n. State or quality of being steep. -Howell. 

STEEP'ING, ppr. Soaking ; macerating. 

STEEPLE (stee'pl), n. [Sax. stepel, stypel] A turret of a 
church, ending in a point ; a spire. — Dryden. 



STEE'PLE-CHISE, n. A race between a number of hors o 
men, to see which can first reach some distant object (as 
a church-steeple) in a straight course, or one marked oul 
within narrow limits. 

t STEE'PLE-HOUSE, n. A church. 

STEE'PL ED (steepld), a. Furnished with a steeple ; adorn 
ed with steeples or towers. — Fairfax. 

STEEP'LY, adv. With steepness ; with precipitous de 
clivity. 

STEEP'NESS, n. The state of being steep ; precipitous de 
clivity. — Bacon. 

STEEP'Y, a. Having a steep or precipitous declivity. 

STEER, n. [Sax. steor, styre ; D. stier.] A young castrated 
male of the ox kind or common ox. — Dryden. 

STEER, v. t. [Sax. steoran ; G. steuern.] 1. To direct ; to 
govern ; particularly, to direct and govern the course of a 
ship by the movements of the helm. 2. To direct ; to 
guide ; to show the way or course to. 

STEER, v. i. 1. To direct and govern a ship or other ves- 
sel in its course. 2. To be directed and governed. 3. To 
conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course or way. 

t STEER, n. A rudder or helm. 

STEERAGE, n. 1. The act or practice of directing and 
governing in a course. — Addison ; [rare.]— 2. In seamen's 
language, the effort of a helm, or its effect on the ship ; or 
the peculiar manner in which an .individual ship is affected 
by the helm. — 3. In a ship, an apartment in the fore-part 
of a ship for an inferior class of passengers. 4. The par* 
of a ship where the tiller traverses. 5. Direction ; regula- 
tion ; [rare.] 6. Regulation or management. — Swift. 7 
That by whicha course is directed. — Dryden. 

STEER'AgE-WaY, n. In seamen's language, that degree 
of progressive movement of a ship which renders her gov 
ernable by the helm. 

STEERED (steerd), pp. Directed and governed in a course 
guided ; conducted. 

STEER'ER, n. One who steers ; a pilot. [Little used.] 

STEERING, ppr. Directing and governing in a course, a* 
a ship ; guiding ; conducting. 

STEER ING, n. The act or art of directing and governing 
a ship or other vessel in her course. 

STEERING-WHEEL, n. The wheel by which the rudder 
of a ship is turned and the ship steered. 

t STEER'LESS, a. Having no steer or rudder.— Gower. 

STEERS'MAN, n. [steer and man.] One who steers ; the 
helmsman of a ship. — Mar. Diet. 

t STEERS'MITE, n. One who steers ; a pilot. 

STEEVE, v. i. To make an angle with the horizon or with 
the line of a vessel's keel ; [applied to the bowsprit.] — 
Totten. 

STEEV'ING, n. In seamen's language, the angle of eleva- 
tion which a ship's bowsprit makes with the horizon.- 
Mar. Diet. 

STEG, n. [Ice. stegge.] A gander.— Halliwell. [Local.] 

STEG-A-NOG'RA-PHIST, n. [Gr. areyavos andypa<po).] One 
who practices the art of writing in cipher. — Bailey. 

STEG-A-NOG'RA-PHY, n. The art of writing in ciphers or 
secret characters. — Bailey. 

STEG'AN-O-PODS, n. pi. [Gr. areyavns and ttovS-] A fami- 
ly of swimming birds with the four toes connected by the 
same web. 

STEG-NOTI€, a. [Gr. areyvuriKo;.] Tending to render 
costive, or to dimmish excretions or discharges generally 

STEG-NOTIG, n. A medicine which tends to produce cos- 
tiveness; one that diminishes excretions or discharges 
generally. 

STeIN'HEIL-ITE, n. A blue mineral, a variety of iolite. 

STe'LA, n. [Gr. arriXv-] In architecture, a small column 
without base or capital. 

t STeLE, n. A stale or handle ; a stalk. 

STEL'E-CHlTE, n. A fine kind of storax.— Cyc. 

STEL'ENE, a. [Gr. arnXri, a column.] Columnar. 

STEL'LAR, )a. [It. stellar e ; L. stellaris.] 1. Pertaining 

STEL'L A-RY, 5 to stars ; astral. 2. Starry ; full of stars ; 
set with stars. 

STEL'LATE, \a. [L. stellatus.] 1. Resembling a star; 

STEL'L a-TED, 5 radiated.- 2. In botany, arranged in the 
form of a star : a term used when several narrow acute 
parts are in opposition round a common axis. 

tSTEL-LA'TION, n. [L. stella.] Radiation of light. 

t STELLED (steld), a. Starry.— Shah. 

STEL-LER'I-DAN, n. A name of that family of echiao 
derms of which the asterias or star-fish is the type. — 
Brande. 

STEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. stella and fero.] Having or 
abounding with stars. 

STEL'Ll-FORM, a. [L. stella, and form.] Like a star ; r* 
diated. 

t STEL'LI-FY, v. t. To turn into a star.— Chaucer. 

STELL'ION, n. [L. stellio.] A newt— Ainsworth. 

t STELL'ION-ATE, n. [Fr. stellionat ; Low L. stellionatus.] 
In law, the crime of selling a thing deceitfully for what itia 
not, as to sell that for one's own which belongs to another 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE. BOOK, 



STE 



969 



STE 



3TKI/LiTE, n. [L. steUa.] 1. A fossil asterias or star-fish , 
[obs.] 2. A zeolitic mineral occurring in radiated acicu- 
lar crystals or fibres. — Dana. 

STEL'LU-LAR., a. Shaped like little stars— Humble. 

STEL'O-CHlTE, n. A name given to the osteocolla. 

STE-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. cTvXoypacpia.] The art of writ- 
ing or inscribing characters on pillars. — Stackhouse. 

STEM, n. [Sax. stemn ; G. stamm ; D., Sw. stam.] 1. The 
principal body of a tree, shrub, or plant of any land ; the 
main stock , the firm part which supports the branches. 
2. The pedxmcle of the fructification, or the pedicle of a 
flower ; that which supports the flower or the fruit of a 
plant ; the petiole or leaf-stem. 3. The stock of a family ; 
a race or generation of progenitors. 4. Progeny ; branch 
of a family. — 5. In a ship, a circular piece of timber, to 
which the two sides of a ship are united at the fore-end. 
— 6. In music, the short perpendicular fine added to the 
body of a note. — From stem to stern, from forward to aft ; 
from one end of a vessel to the other. 

STEM, v. t. 1. To oppose or resist, as a current ; or to 
make progress against a current. 2. To tstop ; to check, 
as a stream or moving force. 

STEM'-€LaSP-ING, a. Embracing the stem with its base ; 
amplexicaul, as a leaf or petiole. — Martyn. 

STEM'-LeAF, n. A leaf growing from the stem. — Martyn. 

STEM'LESS, a. Having no stem. 

STEMMED, pp. Opposed, as a current ; stopped. 

STEM'MING, ppr. Opposing, as a stream ; stopping. 

STEMTLE (stem'pl), n. In mining, a cross-bar of wood in 
a shaft. — Encyc. 

STENCH, n. [Sax. stenc] An ill smell ; offensive odor. 

t STENCH, v. t. 1. To cause to emit a hateful smell.— Mor- 
timer. 2. To stanch ; to stop. — Harvey. 

t STENCH'Y, a. Having an offensive smell.— Dyer. 

STEN'CIL, 7i. A piece of thin leather or oil-cloth used in 
painting on walls to imitate paper. The pattern is cut out 
of thin leather, &c, which is then laid flat on the wall and 
the color brushed over it. — BucJuman. 

STEN'CIL, v. t. To paint by having the pattern cut out and 
applied to the surface to be painted ; the brush applied to 
the stencil permits the interstices alone to be painted. 

STE-NE-O-SAURUS, n. [Gr. arevos, narrow, straight, and 
aavPos. a lizard.] A genus of fossil saurlans. 

STE-NOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. gtevoS and yp a (pu).] One who 
is skilled in the art of short-hand writing. 

STEN-C-GRAPH'IG, \ a. Pertaining to the art of writ- 

STEN-O-GRAPH'IG-AL, j ing in short-hand ; expressing 
in characters or short-hand. 

STE-NOGHA-PHY, n. The art of writing in short-hand by 
using abbreviations or characters. 

STENT, n. An allotted portion ; same as stint. — Halliwell. 
[Used in various dialects in England, and still heard in 

STENTOR, n. [Gr. artvTwp.] A herald in Homer, having a 
very krad voice ; hence any person having a powerful voice. 

STEN-To'RI-AN, a. [from Stentor.] 1. Extremely loud.- 2. 
Able to utter a very loud sound. 

STEN-TO-RO-PHON1C, a. [from Stentor, a herald in Homer, 
whose voice was as loud as that of fifty other men.] Speak- 
ing or sounding very loud. 

STEP, v. i. [Sax. stceppan, steppan; D. stappen.] 1. To move 
the foot ; to advance or recede by a movement of the foot 
or feet. 2. To go ; to walk a little distance. 3. To walk 
gravely, slowly, or resolutely. 

STEP, v. t. 1. To set, as the foot. 2. To fix the foot of a 
mast in its step ; to erect. 

STEP, n. [Sax. steep ; D. stop.] 1. A pace ; an advance or 
movement made by one .removal of the foot. 2. One re- 
move in ascending or descending ; a stair. 3. The space 
passed by the foot in walking or running. 4. A small space 
or distance. 5. The distance between the feet in walking 
or running. 6. Gradation; degree. 7. Progression; act 
of advancing. 8. Footstep ; print or impression of the 
foot; track. 9. Gait; manner of walking. 10. Proceed- 
ing ; measure ; action. 11. The round of a ladder. — 12. 
Steps, in the plural, walk ; passage. 13. The bottom sup- 
port on which the lower end of a mast or of an upright 
staff or wheel rests. 

STEP, Sax. steop, from stepan, to deprive, is prefixed to cer- 
tain words to express a relation by marriage. 

STEP'-BRoTH-ER, n. A brother-in-law, or by marriage. 

STEP'-CHlLD, n. [step and child.] A son-in-law or daugh- 
ter-in-law ; [a child deprived of its parent.] 

STEP'-DIME, n. A mother by marriage. 

STEP'-DAUGH-TER (-daw-), n. A daughter by marriage. 

STEP'-FA-THER, n. A father-in-law ; a father by marriage 
only ; [the father of an orphan.] 

STEP-M6TH-ER (-mufh'er), n. A mother by marriage 
only ; a mother-in-law ; [the mother of an orphan.] 

STEP -SIS-TER, n. A sister-in-law, or by marriage. 

STEP-S6N (-sun), n. A son-in-law ; [an orphan son.] 

STEP'-SToNE, 7i. A stone laid before a door as a stair to 
rise on in entering the house. 



STEPPE (step), n. The Russian name given to the vast 
plains of Asia, corresponding to the prairies in North 
America.— Brande. 

STEPPED (stept), pp. Set ; placed ; erected ; fixed in its 
step, as a mast. 

STEP'PING, ppr. Moving, or advancing by a movement of 
the foot or feet ; placing ; fixing or erecting. 

STEP'PING, n. The act of walking or running by steps. 

STEP'PING-SToNE, n. 1. A stone to raise the feet above 
the dirt and mud in walking.— Swift. Hence, 2. A means 
of progress ; further advancement. 

STER, in composition, is from the Sax. steora, a director. 
It seems primarily to have signified chief, principal, or di- 
rector. 

STER-CO-RI'CEOUS (-shus), a. [L. stcrcoreus, stercorosus.] 
Pertaining to dung, or partaking of its nature. 

STER-€0-Ra'RI-AN, \n. [L. stercus.] In ecclesiastical his- 

STER'€0-RA-N1ST, j tory, a nickname used in the fifth 
and sixth centuries, and denoting one who held that the 
consecrated elements in the eucharist undergo the process 
of digestion. — Murdoch. 

STER€0-RA-RY, n. A place properly secured from the 
weather for containing dung. 

STER-€0-Ra'TION, n. [L. stercoratio.] The act of manur- 
ing with dung.— Bacon. 

STER-€o'RI-AN-ISM, n. In Church history, the doctrine that 
the host is liable to digestion. 

STeRE, n. In the new French system of measures, the unit 
for solid measure, equal to a cubic metre. 

STE-RE-0-GRAPH'IC, \a. Made or done according to 

STE-RE-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, 5 the rules of stereography •. de- 
lineated on a plane. — Stereographic projection, see Projec- 
tion. 

STE-RE-O-GRAPHIC-AL-LY, adv. By delineation on a 
plane. 

STE-RE-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. orepeos and ypa(pu.} The act 
or art of delineating the forms of solid bodies ou a plane. 
— Encyc. 

STE-RE-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. crepeoS, solid, and perpov.) An 
instrument for determining the specific gravicy of liquid 
bodies, porous bodies, and powders, as well as solids. — 
Encyc. Brit. 

STE-RE-O-MET'RIG-AL, a. Pertaining to or performed by 
stereometry. 

STE-RE-OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. aripzos and ^pew.] The art 
of measuring solid bodies and finding their solid content 

STE-RE-0-TOM'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to or performed by 
stereotomy. 

STE-RE-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. arepeoS and teuvco.] The science 
or art of cutting solids into certain figures or sections, as 

STe'RE-O-TyPE, n. [Gr. arepeos and jvnos.] 1. Literally, 
a fixed metal type ; hence, a plate of fixed or solid metal- 
he types for printing books. 2. The art of making plates 
of fixed metallic types, or of executing work on such 
plates. 

STE'RE-O-TYPE, a. 1. Pertaining to fixed metallic types. 
2. Done on fixed metallic types, or plates of fixed types. 

STe'E.E-0-TyPE, v. t. To make fixed metallic types or 
plates of type-metal, corresponding with the words and 
letters of a book ; to compose a book in fixed types. 

STE'RE-O-TYPED (-tljit), pp. or a. 1. Formed on fixed me- 
tallic types, or plates of fixed types. 2. a. Formed in a 
fixed, unchangeable manner ; as, stereotyped opinions. 

STe'RE-O-TyP-ER, n. One who makes stereotype. 

STe'RE-O-TyP-ING, ppr. Making stereotype plates for any 
work ; or impressing copies on stereotype plates. 

STE-RE-0-TY-POG'RA-PHER. n. A stereotype printer. 

STE-RE-O-TY-POG'RA-PHY, n. The art or practice of 
printing on stereotype. — Entick. 

STERILE, a. [L. sterilis ; It.. Fr. sterile; Sp. esteril.) 1. 
Barren ; unfruitful ; not fertile ; producing little or no 
crop. 2. Barren ; producing no young. 3. Barren of 
ideas ; destitute of sentiment. 

STE-RIL'I-TY, n. [L. sterilitas ; Fr. sterilke ; It. sterilita.] 1. 
The quality or state of producing little or nothing. 2. The 
state of not producing young, as of animals. 3. Destitu- 

. tion of ideas or sentiments, as in writings. 4. Want of 
fertility or the power of producing sentiment.— Syn*. Bar- 
renness ; unproductiveness ; unfruUfulness ; aridity. 

STER'IL-IZE, v. t. 1. To make barren ; to impoverish, as 
land ; to exhaust of fertility ; [little used.] 2. To deprive 
of fecundity, or the power of producing young; [little 
used.] 

STERLET, n. A fish of the Caspian Sea and Russian riv- 
er, allied to the sturgeon. — Tooke. 

STERLING, a. [probably from Easterling, the popular name 
of German traders in England, whose money was of the 
purest quality.] 1. An epithet by which English money 
of account is distinguished ; as, a pound sterling. £, Gen* 
uine ; pure ; of excellent quality. 

STERLING, n. 1. English money. 2. Standard ; rate ; 
[little used.] ■* 



D6VE ;-- BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— 6 as K, A as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t ObsolUt. 



STE 



970 



STI 



STERN, a. (Sax. styrn.] 1. Fixed with an aspect of sever- 
ity and authority. 2. Noting severity of manner or feel- 
ings ; as, " made of sterner stuft'." 3. Hard ; afflictive. 4. 
Rigidly steadfast ; immovable.— Syn. Severe ; austere ; 
rigid ; rigorous ; harsh ; cruel ; unrelenting. 

STERN, n. [Sax. steor 'and ern.] 1. The hind part of a ship 
or other vessel, or of a boat ; the part opposite to the stem 
or prow.— Man Diet. 2. Post of management j direction ; 
[ibs.] 3. The hinder part of any thing.- Spenser ; [not el- 
egant.] — By the stern, is a phrase which denotes that a ship 
is more deeply laden abaft than forward. 

STERN'-BoARD. n. [stern and board.] In seamen's lan- 
guage, the backward motion of a vessel ; hence, a loss of 
way in making a tack. 

STERN'-CHaS-ER, In. A cannon placed in a ship's stern, 

STERN'-CHISE, j pointing backward, and intended to 
annoy a ship that is in pursuit of her.— Mar. Diet. 

STERN'-FaST, n. [stern and fast.] A rope used to confine 
the stern of a ship or other vessel. 

STERN '-FRIME, n. [stern and frame.] The several pieces 
of timber_ which form the stern of a ship. 

STERN'-PoRT, n. A port or opening in the stern of a 6hip. 

STERN'-PoST, n. A straight piece of timber erected on 
the extremity of the keel to support the rudder and ter- 
minate the ship behind. 

STERN'-SHEETS, n. pi. That part of a boat which is be- 
tween the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers ; usu- 
ally furnished with seats for passengers. 

STERN '-WaY, n. [stern and way.] The movement of a 
ship backward, or with her stern foremost. 

STERN'AdE, n. Steerage or stern.— Shak. 

STER'NAL, a. Pertaining to the sternum or breast-bone. — 
Humble. 

6TERN'BERG-lTE, n. [from Count Casper Sternberg.] A 
foliated ore of silver, consisting of silver, iron, and sulphur. 
— Dana. 

STERNjED, a. In compounds, having a stern of a particular 
shape ; as, square-sterned. 

f STERN'ER, n. [Sax. steoran.] A director.— Clarke. 

STERN'LY, adv. In a stern manner; with an austere or 
stern countenance ; with an air of authority. 

6TERN'NESS, n. 1. A look of rigid or severe authority.— 
Shak. 2. Severe or harsh feelings or manner. Dryden. — 
Syn. Severity ; austerity ; rigor ; harshness. 

6TERN'MoST, a. [stern and most.] Furthest in the rear ; 
furthest astern. — Mar. Diet. 

STER'NON, n. [Gr.] The breast-bone or sternum. [Rare.] 

STER'NUM, n. [Gr. arepvov.] The breast-bone. 

STER-NU-TaTION, n. [L. sternutatio.] The act of sneez- 
ing. — Quincy. 

STER-Nu'TA-TIVE, a. [L. sternuo.] Having the quality of 
provoking to sneeze. 

STER-Nu'TA-TO-RY, a. [Fr. sternutatoire.] Having the qual- 
ity of exciting to sneeze. 

STER-Nu'TA-TO-RY, n. A substance that provokes sneez- 
ing. 

STER-QUIL'I-NOUS, a. [L. sterquilinium.] Pertaining to a 
dunghill; mean; dirty; paltry. — Hozcell. 

STER-TOTII-OUS, \a. [L. sterto.] Snoring. The last is the 

STER'TO-ROUS, 5 term almost invariably used. 

t STER'VEN, to starve.— Spenser. 

STETH'O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. arridoi and ckotteu).] A simple 
cylinder of some fine-grained, light wood, as cedar or ma- 
ple, perforated longitudinally in the middle, with one ex- 
tremity funnel-shaped, and furnished with a conical plug, 
the other with a comparatively large orbicular ivory plate, 
fastened by a screw. It is used for distinguishing sounds 
within the thorax and other cavities of the body. 

STETH-O-SCOP'IC, a. Pertaining to a stethoscope. 

STeVE, v. t. [from the root of stow.] To stow, as cotton or 
wool in a ship's hold. [Local.] 

STE' VE-DoRE, n. One whose occupation is to load or un- 
load vessels in port [New York.] 

t STe'V-EN, n. [Sax. stefnian.] An outcry ; a loud call ; a 
clamor. — Spenser. 

STEW (stu), v. t. [Fr. etuver ; It. stufare.] 1. To seethe or 
gently boil ; to boil slowly in a moderate manner, or with 
a simmering heat. 2. To boil in heat. 

STEW (stu), v. i. To be seethed in a slow, gentle manner, 
or in heat and moisture. 

STEW (stu), n. 1. A hot-house ; a bagnio. 2. A brothel ; 
a house of prostitution.— South. 3. A prostitute ; [obs.] 
4. [See Stow.J A store-pond; a small pond where fish are 
kept for the table ; [obs.] 5. Meat stewed ; as, a stew of 
pigeons. 6. Confusion, as when the air is full of dust. — 
Grose. 

STEW-PAN, n. A pan in which things are stewed. 

STEWARD (stiYard). n. I. One who manages the domes- 
tic concerns of great families. 2. A fiscal agent of certain 
bodies. 3. An officer of state ; as, lord high steward. — 4. 
In colleges, an officer who provides food for the students 
and superintends the concerns of the kitchen. — 5. In ves- 
sels, one who has the charge of distributing food and 



drink, or of waiting on the officers, passengers, &c— 6. Jo 
Scripture, a minister of Christ. — 1 Cor., iv. 

T STEWARD, v. t. To manage as a steward.— Fuller. 

STEW ARD-ESS, n. A female who waits on ladies in steam- 
boats, &c. 

STEW'ARD-LY, adv. With the care of a steward. [Little 
used.] 

STEWARD-SHIP, n. The office of a steward. 

STEWART-RY, a. An overseer or superintendent. 

STEWED (stude), pp. or a. Gently boiled ; boiled in heal 

STEWING (stu'ing), ppr. Boiling in a moderate heat 

STEWING, n. The act of seething slowly. 

STEWISH, a. Suiting a brothel.— Hall. 

STHENIC, a. [Gr. odevos.] In medicine, attended with i. 
preternatural and morbid increase of vital energy, and 
strength of action in the heart and arteries ; phlogistic. 

STIB'I-AL, a. [L. stibium.] Like, or having the qualities of; 
antimony ; antimonial. 

t STIB-I-a'RI-AN, n. [L. stibium.] A violent man. 

STIB'I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with antimony. 

STIB'I-UM, n. [L.] Antimony. 

STIC'A-DOS, n. A ^l&nt.—Ainsworth. 

STICH (stik), n. [Gr. <m%oj.] 1. In poetry, a verse, of what 
ever measure or number of feet. — 2. In rural affairs, an 
order or rank of trees. [In New England, as much land 
as lies between double furrows is called a stitch, or a land.] 

STICH'-W6RT ) (-wurt), n. A grassy-looking plant of the 

STITCH'-WORT 5 genus stellaria.— Loudon. 

STICH'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ctxos and ixavreia.] Divination 
by lines or passages of books taken at hazard. — Brandc. 

STICH-OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. arixos and ixtrpov.] An account 
of the magnitude or length of books, as ascertained by the 
number of lines which they contain. — Murdoch. 

STICK, n. [Sax. sticca ; G. stccken; D. stok ; Dan. stikke , 
Sw. stake, sticka.] 1. The small shoot or branch of a tree 
or shrub, cut off ; a rod ; also, a staff. 2. Any stem of a 
tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber. 3. Many instru- 
ments, long and slender, are called sticks. 4. A thrust with 
a pointed instrument that penetrates a body ; a stab.- 
Stick of eels, the number of twenty -five eels. — Halliwell. 

STICK, v. t. ; pret and pp. stuck. [Sax. stican, stician; G. 
stechen ; Dan. stikker.] 1. To pierce ; to stab ; to cause to 
enter, as a pointed instrument ; hence, to lull by piercing. 

2. To thrust in ; to fasten or cause to remain by piercing. 

3. To fasten ; to attach by causing to adhere to the surface. 

4. To set; to fix in. 5. To set with something pointed. 
6. To fix on a pointed instrument. — To stick out, to pro- 
ject, or cause to be prominent. 

STICK, v. i. 1. To adhere ; to hold to by cleaving to the 
surface, as by tenacity or attraction. 2. To be united ; to 
be inseparable ; to cling fast to. as something reproachful 
3. To rest with the memory ; to abide. 4. To stop ; to be 
impeded by adhesion or obstruction. 5. To stop ; to bo 
arrested in a course. 6. To stop ; to hesitate. 7. To ad- 
here ; to remain ; to resist efforts to remove. 8. To cause 
difficulties or scruples ; to cause to hesitate. 9. To be 
stopped or hindered from proceeding. 10. To be embar- 
rassed or puzzled. 11. To adhere closely in friendship 
and affection. — To stick to, to adhere closely ; to be con- 
stant ; to be firm. — To stick by. 1. To adhere closely ; to 
be constant. 2. To be troublesome by adhering. — To stick 
upon, to dwell upon ; not to forsake. — To stick out, to pro- 
ject ; to be prominent. 

STICK'-LAC, n. Lac m its natural state, incrusting small 
twigs. 

STICK'I-NESS, n. The quality of a thing which makes it 
adhere to a plane surface ; adhesiveness ; viscousness ; 
glutinousness ; tenacity. 

STICK'LE (stikl), v. i. 1. To fake part with one side or 
other. 2. To contend ; to aontest '; to altercate. 3. To 
trim ; to play fast and loose ; to pass from one side to the 
other. 

STICK'LE, v. t. To arbitrate.— Drayton. 

STICK'LE-BACK, n. The name given to certain small fish- 
es of the genus gasterosteus, from the spines on their backs, 
ventral fins, &c. 

STICK'LER, n. 1. A sidesman to fencers ; a second to -a 
duelist ; one who stands to judge a combat. 2. An obsti- 
nate contender about any thing. — 3. Formerly, an officer 
who cut wood for the priory of Ederose, within the king's 
parks of Clarendon. — Cowel. 

STICK'LING, ppr. Trimming ; contending obstinately. 

STICK'Y, a. Having the quality of adhering to a surface 
adhesive ; gluey ; viscous ; viscid ; glutinous ; tenacious. 

STID'DY, n. [Ice. stcdia.] An anvil ; also, a smith's shep. 
— Halliwell. [Various dialects.] 

STIFF, a. [Sax. stif; G. steif; D., Sw. stuf; Dan. stiv.] 1. 
Not easily bent ; not flexible or pliant ; not flaccid. 2. No, 
liquid or fluid ; not soft nor hard. 3. Impetuous m mo- 
tion ; as, a stiff breeze. 4. Not easily subdued, o. Firm 
in perseverance or resistance ; as, stiff in opinions. 6. 
Not natural and easy ; as, stiff language. 7. Formal m 
manner; not easy or natural; as, stzff manners. 8. fctron^ 



See Synopsis, a, e. I, &c„ long.— a, e, I, &c, sliort.— F A.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOR, 



ST1 



97] 



STI 



Jy maintained, or asserted with good evidence.— 9. In sea- 
men's language, a stiff vessel is one that will bear a press 
of canvas without careening much. Totten.— Syn. Rigid ; 
inflexible ; strong ; hardy ; stubborn ; obstinate ; pertina- 
cious harsh ; formal ; constrained ; affected ; starched ; 
rigorous. 

?!TIFF'-HEaRTED (-harfed), a. [stiff and heart.] Obstinate; 
stubborn ; contumacious. — Ezek., ii. 

STIFF'-NE€K£D (-nekt), a. [stiff and neck.] Stubborn ; 
inflexibly obstinate ; contumacious. — Denham. 

STIFF'^N (stif 'n), v. t. [Sax. stifian ; Sw. styfna ; D. styven : 
G. steifen.] 1. To make stiff; to make less pliant or flex- 
ible. 2. To make torpid. 3. To inspissate ; to make more 
thick or viscous. 

STIFFEN (stif n), v. i. 1. To become stiff; to become more 
rigid or less flexible. 2. To become more thick or less 
soft ; to be inspissated ; to approach to hardness. 3. To 
become less susceptible of impression ; to become less 
tender or yielding ; to grow more obstinate. 

STIFF'£N£D (stif 'nd), pp. or a. Made stiff or less pliant. 

STIFF'JEN-ING, ppr. or a. Making or becoming less pliable, 
or more thick, or more obstinate. 

STIFF'.EN-ING, n. Something that is used to make a sub 
stance more stiff or less soft. 

STIFF'LY, adv. 1. Firmly ; strongly.— Bacon. 2. Rigidly 
obstinately ; with stubbornness. 

STIFF'NESS, n. 1. Rigidness ; want of pliableness or flex 
ibility ; the firm texture or state of a substance which ren 
ders it difficult to bend it. 2. Thickness ; spissitude ; a 
state between softness and hardness. 3. Torpidness ; in 
aptitude to motion. 4. Tension. 5. Obstinacy ; stubborn 
ness ; contumaciousness. 6. Formality of manner ; con 
straint; affected precision. 7. Rigorousness ; harshness. 
8. Affected or constrained manner of expression or writ- 
ing ; want of natural simplicity and ease. 

STl'FLE (stl'fl), v. t. [Fr. etouffer, to stifle ; L. stipo.] 1. To 
suffocate ; to stop the breath or action of the lungs by 
crowding something into the windpipe, or by infusing a . 
substance into the lungs, or by other means ; to choke. 
2. To stop. 3. To oppress ; to stop the breath tempora- 
rily. 4. To extinguish ; to deaden ; to quench. 5. To 
suppress ; to hinder from transpiring or spreading. 6. To 
extinguish ; to check or restrain and destroy ; to suppress. 
7. To suppress or repress ; to conceal ; to withhold from 
escaping or manifestation. 8. To suppress ; to destroy ; 
to smother. 

STl'FLE, n. 1. The joint of a horse next to the buttock, 
and corresponding to the knee in man. 2. A disease^in 
the knee-pan of a horse or other animal. 

STiTLjED, pp. or a. Suffocated ; suppressed. 

t STl'FLE-MENT, n. Something that might be suppressed 
or concealed. — Brewer. 

STl'FLING, ppr. Suffocating ; suppressing. 

STIGH, n. See Sty. 

STIG'MA, n. [L.] 1. A brand ; a mark made with a burn- 
ing iron. 2. Any mark of infamy ; any reproachful con- 
duct which stains the purity or darkens the lustre of rep- 
utation. — 3. In botany, the top of the pistil. It is without 
epidermis, and is the part upon which the pollen falls. 

STIG-Ma'RI-A, n. A fossil coal plant, having a large dome- 
shaped trunk or stem. — Buckland. 

STIG'MA-TA, n.pl. 1. The apertures in the bodies of in- 
sects, communicating with the trachea? or air-vessels ; the 
spiracles. — 2. In the Roman Catholic Church, marks said 
to have been supernaturally impressed on the bodies of 
certain persons, in imitation of the wounds on the cruci- 
fied bodv of Christ- 



STIG-MATIC, \a. 1. Marked with a stigma, or with 

STIG-MATIC-AL, > something reproachful to character. 
2. Impressing with infamy or reproach. 

STIG-MATIC, n. 1. A notorious profligate, or criminal who 
has been branded ; [little used.] 2. One who bears about 
him the marks of infamy or punishment ; [little used.] 3. 
One on whom nature has 6et a mark of deformity ; [little 
?iscd 1 

STIG-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. With a mark of infamy or de- 
formity. 

STIG'MA-TlZE. v. t. [Fr. stigmatiser.] 1. To mark with a 
brand. 2. To set a mark of disgrace on ; to disgrace with 
some note of reproach or infamy. 

STIG'MA-TlZED, pp. Marked with disgrace. 

STIGMA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Branding with infamy. 

STIG'O-NO-MAN-CY, n, [Gr. <mywv, from cti^o), and (xav 
rem.] Divination by writing on the bark of a tree. — Ash. 

STl'LAR, a. Pertaining to the stile of a dial.— Moxon. 

STIL'BITE, n. [Gr. ariXSu).] A mineral of the zeolite fam- 
ily, occurring in white or yellowish, semi-pellucid, rectan. 
gular crystals, pearly and highly foliated in one direction ; 
also, in sheaf-like aggregations and foliated masses. It 
consists of silica, alumina, lime, and water. — Dana. 

STILE, n. [This is another spelling of style. See Style and 
Still.] A pin set on the face of a dial to form a shadow. 

•sTlLE, h. [Sax. stigel ; Dan. steil.] 1. A step or a set of 



steps for ascending and descending, in passing a fence or 
wall. Swift. — 2. In architecture, the upright piece in fram- 
ing or paneling. — Brande. 

STI-LET'TO, n. [It. dim. from stilo.] 1. A small dagger 
with a round, pointed blade. 2. A pointed instrument for 
making eyelet-holes in working muslin, lace, &c. 

STI-LET'TO, v. t. To stab or pierce with a stiletto.— Bacon, 

8TI-LETT5.ED, pp. or a. Stabbed or pricked with a stileb 
to. — Chesterfield. 

STILL, v. t. [Sax. stillan ; G., D. stillen ; Dan. stiller.] 1 
To put a stop to, as motion or agitation ; to make quiet 
2. To put a stop to, as noise. 3. To put a stop to, as tu 
mult, agitation, or excitement. — Syn. To quiet ; calm ; al 
lay ; lull ; pacify ; appease ; subdue ; suppress ; silence ; 
stop ; check ; restrain. 

STILL, a. 1. Without noise ; uttering no sound. 2. Not 
disturbed by noise. 3. Without motion. 4. Without ag- 
itation. — Syn. Q^iJot ; calm ; noiseless ; serene ; motion- 
less ; inert; stagnant 

STILL, n. Calm ; 6ilence ; freedom from noise. [-4 poetic 
word.] 

STILL, adv. 1. To this time ; till now. 2. Nevertheless ; 
notwithstanding. 3. It precedes or accompanies words 
denoting increase of degree ; as, a still further advance- 
ment of prices may be expected. 4. Always ; ever ; con- 
tinually. — Pope. 5. After that : after what is stated. 6. In 
continuation. 

STILL, n. [L. stillo.] A vessel, boiler, or copper used in tho 
distillation of liquors ; also, apparatus for distilling ; some • 
times a distillery. 

STILL, v. t. [L. stillo.] To expel spirit from liquor by heal 
and condense it in a refrigeratory ; to distill. 

t STILL, v. i. To drop. See Distill. 

STILL'-BORN, a. 1. Dead at the birth. 2. Abortive. 

STILL'-BURN, v. t. To burn in the process of distillation. 

STILL'-LlFE, n. In painting, a picture of dead game, veg 
etables, and other things destitute of life. — Mason. 

STILL'-ROOM, n. An apartment for distilling. 

STILL-STAND, n. Absence of motion. [Little used.] 

STIL-LA-TI"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. [L. stillatitius.] Falling ir, 
drops ; drawn by a still. 

STIL'LA-TO-RY, n. 1. An alembic ; a vessel for distilla- 
tion ; [little used.] 2. A laboratory ; a room in which dis- 
tillation is performed ; [little used.] 

STILLED, pp. Calmed; appeased; quieted; silenced. 

STILL'ERj^ n. One who stills or quiets. 

STIL'LI-ClDE, n. [L. stillicidium.] A continual falling or 
succession of drops. — Bacon. [Not much used.] 

STIL-Ll-CID'I-OUS, a. Falling in drops.— Brown. 

STILLING, ppr. Calming; silencing; quieting. 

STILL'ING, n. 1. The act of calming, silencing" or quieting. 
2. A stand for casks. 

STILL'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from noise or motion ; calm- 
ness ; quiet ; silence. 2. Freedom from agitation or ex- 
citement. 3. Habitual silence ; taciturnity. 

STILL'Y, a. Still ; quiet ; calm.— T. More. [An old word, 
used chiefly in poetry.] 

STILLT, adv. 1. Silently; without noise. 2. Calmly ; qui- 
etly ; without tumult. 

STILP-NO-SID'E-RITE, n. [Gr. otiXttvoS and cilrjpos.] An 
ore of iron, also called pitchy iron ore, occurring massive, 
in curved concretions, with a splendent, resinous lustre. 
— Ure. 

STILT, 7i. [G. stelze; D. stelt.] A stilt is a piece of wood 
often with a shoulder, to raise the foot above the ground 
in walking. 

STILT, v. t. 1. To raise on stilts ; to elevate.— Young. 2. 
To raise by unnatural means. 

STILT-BiRD, 7i. A long-legged bird ; particularly applied 
to a bird called the long-legged plover, of the genus himan- 
topus. — Brande, 

STILTED, pp. 1. Raised on stilts. 2. Unreasonably ele- 
vated. 

STILTING, ppr. Raising on stilts. 

STIME, n. A glimpse.— Halliwell. [North of England.] 

STIM'U-LANT, a. [L. stimulans.] In medicine, producing a 
quickly-diffused and transient increase of vital energy and 
strength of action in the heart and arteries. 

STIM'U-LANT, n. In medicine, an article which produces 
a quickly-diffused and transient increase of vital energy 
and strength of action in the heart and arterial system. 

STTM'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. stimulo.] 1. To excite to action or 
more vigorous exertion by some pungent motive or by 
persuasion. — 2. In medicine, to produce a quickly-diffused 
and transient increase of vital energy and strength of ac- 
tion in the heart and arteries. — Syn. To animate ; incite 
encourage; impel; urge; instigate; imitate; exasperate 
incense. 

STDrU-Li-TED, pp. Goaded ; roused or excited to more 
vigorous exertion. 

STlM'U-LI-TING, ppr. or a. Goading ; exciting to more 
vigorous exertion. 

STIM-U-La'TION, 7i. 1. The act of goadine or exciting.— 2. 



|)6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



STI 



972 



STI 



In medicine, a quickly-diffused and transient increase of 
vital energy and strength of action in the heart and ar- 
teries. 
STIMU-LA-TlVE, a. Having the quality of stimulating. 
STIM'U-LA-TlVE, n. That which stimulates ; that which 
rouses into more vigorous action. 

STIM'U-La-TOR, n. One who stimulates. 

STIM'U-LUS, n. [L.] 1. Literally, a goad ; hence, some- 
thing that rouses the mind or spirits — 2. In medicine, that 
which produces a quickly-diffused and transient increase 
of vital energy and strength of action in the circulating 
system. 

STING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. stung. Stang is obsolete. [Goth. 
stigcwan ; Sax. stingan, styngan.] 1. To pierce with the 
sharp-pointed instrument with which certain animals are 
furnished, such as bees, wasps, scorpions, and the like. 2. 
To pain acutely. 

STING, n. [Sax. sting, stmcg.] 1. A sharp-pointed weapon 
by which certain animals are armed by nature for then- 
defense. 2. The thrust of a sting into the flesh. 3. Any 
thing; that gives acute pain. 4. The point in the last verse. 
5. That which gives the principal pain, or constitutes the 
principal terror. 

STING'ER, 7t. That which stings, vexes, or gives acute pain. 

STIN'6I-LY, adv. [from stingy.] With mean covetousness ; 
in a niggardly manner. 

STIN'6I-NESS, n. [from stingy.] Extreme avarice ; mean 
covetousness ; niggardliness ; sordidness. 

STING'ING-LY, adv. With stinging. 

STING'LESS, a. [from sting.] Having no sting. 

STIN"GO, n. [from the sharpness of the taste.] Old beer.— 
Addison. [A cant word.] 

STIN'GY, a. [W. ystang.] Extremely close and covetous ; 
meanly avaricious ; niggardly ; narrow-hearted. [A low 
word.] 

STINK, v. i. ; pret. stank or stunk. [Sax. stincan ; G., D. 
stinken.] To emit a strong, offensive smell. 

STINK, n. A strong, offensive smell. — Dryden. 

STINK'-POT, n. An earthen jar, charged with powder, 
grenades, and other materials of an offensive and suffo- 
cating smell ; sometimes used in boarding an enemy's 
vessel. — Mar. Diet. 

STINK'-SToNE, n. Swine-stone, a variety of carbonate of 
lime, which emits a fetid odor on being struck. — Dana. 

STINK'ARD, n. 1. A mean, stinking, paltry fellow. 2. A 
mephitic, burrowing quadruped, the mydaus meliceps of 
Cuvier, about 18 inches in length, found in Java and Sum- 
marra. — C. H. Smith. 

STINK'ER, n. Something intended to offend by the smell. 
— Harvey. 

STINKING, ppr. or a. Emitting a strong, offensive smell. 

STINKING-LY, adv. With an offensive smell.— Skak. 

STINT, v. t. [Sax. stintan, to stint or stunt ; Ice. stunta.] 1. 
To restrain within certain limits ; to bound ; to confine ; 
to limit. 2. To assign a certain task in labor, which being 
performed, the person is excused from further labor for 
the day, or for a certain time ; [a common use of the word 
in America.] 

STINT, n. A small bird of the sand-piper kind. 

STINT, n. 1. Limit ; bound ; restraint. — Dryden. 2. Quan- 
tity assigned ; proportion allotted. — Shak. 

STINT' ANCE, n. Restraint ; stoppage. [Not used, or local] 

STINTED, pp. or a. Restrained to a certain limit or quantity. 

STINTED-NESS, n. State of being stinted. 

STINTER n. He or that which stints. 

STINTING, ppr. Restraining within certain limits ; assign- 
ing a certain quantity to ; limiting. 

STlPE, n. [L. stipes.] In botany, the base of a frond ; or a 
species of stem passing into leaves ; the stalk of an agaric 
or mushroom. 

STl'PEND, n. [L. stipendium.] Settled pay for services, 
whether daily or monthly wages, or an annual salary. — 
Syn. Allowance ; compensation ; salary ; hire ; wages. 

STl'PEND, v. t. To pay by settled wages.— Shelton. 

* STI-PEND1-A-RY, a. [L. stipendiarius.] Receiving wages 
or salary ; performing services for a stated price or com- 
pensation. — Knolles. 

* STI-PEND'I-A-RY, n. One who performs services for a 
settled compensation, either by the day, month, or year. 

STIP'I-TATE, a. In botany, supported by a stipe ; elevated 
on a stipe, as pappus. — Martyn. 

STIP'PLE (stip'pl), v. t. In engraving and miniature paint- 
ing, to form or execute by a succession of dots or small 
points. — Jocelyn. 

STIP'PLJED, pp. Formed or executed in dots. 

STIPPLING, ppr. Forming or executing in dots. 

STIP'PLING, n. In engraving and miniature painting, a 
mode of execution which produces the effect by a suc- 
cession of dots or small points. — Jocelyn. 

STIP'TIC, n. See Styptic. 

STIP'U-LA, )n. [L. stipula.] In botany, an appendage at 

STIPULE, I the base of petioles 



STIP-U-LI'CEOUS, > a. [from L. stipula, stipularis.\ 1. 
STIPU-LAR, 5 Resembling stipules ; consisting of 

stipules. 2. Growing on stipules, or close to them. 
STIP'U-LaTE, v. i. [L. stipulor.] 1. To make an agreement 
or covenant with any person or company to do or forbear 
any thing ; to contract ; to settle terms. 2. To bargain ; 
to contract: to engage. 
STIP'U-LATE, a. Having stipules on it. 
STIPIJ-La-TED, pp. or a. Agreed ; contracted ; cove 

nanted. 
STIP'U-LI-TING, ppr. Agreeing; contracting. 
STIP-F-LITION, n. [Fr. ; L. stipulation 1. The act of 
agreeing and covenanting; a contracting or bargaining. 
2. An agreement or covenant made by one person with 
another for the performance or forbearance of some act ; 
a contract or bargain. — 3. In botany, the situation and 
structure of the stipules. 

STIP'tJ-LI-TOR, n. One who stipulates or covenants. 

STIP'ULE. See Stipula. 

STIPUL.ED, a. Furnished with stipules.— Smith. 

STIR ( stur ), v. t. [ Sax. stirian, styrian ; D. stooren ; (3. 
sttiren.] 1. To change place in any manner. 2 To agi- 
tate ; to bring into debate. 3. To incite to action ; to in- 
stigate. 4. To put into motion. — To stir up. 1. To insti- 
gate or inflame the passions of. 2. To put into action ; to 
begin. 3. To quicken ; to enliven. 4. To disturb.— Syn. 
To move ; incite ; awaken ; rouse ; animate ; stimulate ; 
excite ; provoke. 

STiR (stur), v. i. 1. To move one's self. 2. To go or be 
carried in any manner. 3. To be in motion ; not to be 
still. 4. To become the object of notice or conversation. 
5. To rise in the morning.— Shak. ; [colloquial.] 

STIR (stur), n. [W. ystwr.] 1. Agitation ; tumult ; bustle ; 
noise or various movements. 2. Public disturbance or 
commotion ; tumultuous disorder ; seditious uproar. 3 
Agitation of thoughts ; conflicting passions. 

STiR'A-BOUT (stur'-), n. A Yorkshire dish, formed of oat 
meal, boiled in water to a certain consistency. — Malone. 

STIR'I-A-TED, a. [L. stiria, an icicle.] Adorned with pend 
ants like icicles. 

STIR'I-OUS, a. Resembling icicles. — Brown. [Little used.] 

STiRK (sturk), n. A young ox or heifer. — Halliwell. 

STIR'LESS, a. Still without stirring. 

t STtRP, n. [L. stirps.] Stock ; race ; family. — Bacon. 

ST1RR2JD (sturd), pp. Moved; agitated; put in action. 

STiR'RER, n. 1. One who is in motion. 2. One who puts 
in motion. 3. A riser in the morning. 4. An inciter or 
exciter ; an instigator. — 5. A stirrer up, an exciter ; an in- 
stigator. 

STIR'RING, ppr. or a. Moving ; putting in motion. — Syn. 
Animating; arousing; awakening; stimulating; quicken- 
ing; exciting. 

STIRRING, n. The act of moving or putting in motion. 

* STIRRUP (stur'rup), n. [Sax. stige-rapa.] 1. A kind of 
ring or bent piece of metal, horizontal on one side, for re- 
ceiving the foot of the rider, and attached to a strap which 
is fastened to the saddle ; used to assist persons in mount- 
ing a horse, and to enable them to sit steadily in riding, as 
well as to relieve them by supporting a part of the weight 
of the body. — 2. Among seamen, a rope secured to a yard, 
with a thimble in its lower end, for reeving a foot-rope. 

STiR'RUP-€UP, n. A parting cup on horseback. 

STiR'RUP-L£ATH-ER (sturrup-lefh-er), n. A strap that 
supports a stirrup. 

STITCH, v. t. [Ger. sticken ; D. stikken ; Dan. stikker ; Sw 
sticka.] 1. To sew with a back puncture of the needle, so 
as to double the thread ; as, to stitch a wristband ; to sew 
or unite together ; as, to stitch the leaves of a book. 2. To 
form land into ridges ; [New England-] 

STITCH, v. i. To practice stitching. 

STITCH, n. 1. A single pass of a needle in sewing. 2. A 
single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting; a link 
of yarn. 3. A land ; the space between two double fur- 
rows in plowed ground. — Halliwell. 4. A local, sharp pain; 
an acute, lancinating pain, like the piercing of a needle. 

STITCH-FALL-.EN, a. Fallen, as a stitch in knitting. 

STITCH-W6RT (-wurt), n. 1. A plant ; chamomile. 2. A 
grassy-looking plant, of the genus stellaria. 

STITCHED (sticht), pp. or a. Sewed with a back puncture 
of the needle ; sewed tosether. 

STITCH'EL, n. A kind of" hairy wool. [Local] 

STITCH'ER, n. One who stitches. 

STITCH'ER-Y, n. Needle-work.— Shak. [In contempt.] 

STITCHES, n. pi Sharp twinges of pain. 

STITCHING, ppr. Sewing in a particular manner. 

STITCHING, n. 1. The act of stitching. 2. Work done 
by sewing in a particular manner. 3. The forming oi 
land into ridges or divisions. 

tSTITHa- [Sax.] Strong; rigid. 

STITH'Y, n. [Ice. stedia.] 1. An anvil. — Shak.— Haliwelt, 
2. A disease in oxen 



the proper leaves or to their footstalks 

A, E, I, &c, long.—K. e, i. &c short —FAR, FALI 



leafy appendage to STITH'Y, v. t. To forge on an anvil. [Local] 
I STITH'Y-ING, ppr. Forging on an anvil. 



ppr. Forging 

-PRE Y ;— MARINE. BiRD ;- -MOVE. BQOKT 



STO 



973 



STO 






STIVE, v. t. [See Stuff and Stew.] 1. To stuff up close. 
— Sandys ; [little used.] 2. To make hot, sultry, and close. 
— Wotton; [obs.] 
STTVER. n. [ Sw. stifver ; D. stuiver.] A Dutch coin and 
money ot account, ot the value of two cents, or about one 
penny sterling. 
•SToAK, v. t. In seamen's language, to stop ; to choke. 
SToAT, n. An animal of the weasel tribe. "WTien of a red 
color, it is generally named the stoat ; when white, the 
ermine. 
f STo'CAH, n. [Ir. and Erse.] An attendant ; a wallet-boy. 
3TO€-€aDE', \n. [It. staccato ; Sp. estocada; Fr. estocade.] 
STOC-Ca'DO, 5 1. A stab ; a thrust with a rapier. 2. A 
fence or barrier made with stakes or posts planted in the 
,' earth ; a slight fortification ; [see Stockade.] 
3TOC-Ca.DE', v. t. To fortify with sharpened posts. 
STOC-€a.D'ED, pp. Fortified with sharpened posts. 
STOC-CaD'ING, ppr. Fortifying with sharpened posts. 
I STO-CHAS'TIC, a. [Gr. aroxaariKos.] Conjectural; able 

to conjecture. — Brown. 
STOCK, n. [Sax. stoc ; Ger. stock ; D., Dan. stok ; Sw. stock ; 
Fr. estoc ; It. stocco.] 1. The stem or main body of a tree 
or other plant ; the fixed, strong, firm part ; the origin and 
support of the branches. — Job, xiv. 2. The stem in which 
a graft is inserted, and which is its support. 3. A post ; 
something fixed, solid, and senseless. 4. A person very 
stupid, dull, and senseless. 5. The part of a tool for bor- 
ing-wood with a crank, whose end rests against the breast 
of the workman.— Gwilt. 6. The wood in which the bar- 
rel of a musket or other fire-arm is fixed. 7. A thrust 
with a rapier ; [obs.] 8. A cravat or band for the neck. 
9. A cover for the leg ; [obs., now stocking.] 10. The 
original progenitor ; also, the race or line of a family ; the 
progenitors of a family, and their direct descendants ; lin- 
eage ; family. 11. The money or goods employed in 
trade, manufactures, insurance, banking, &c. 12. Money 
lent to government, or property in a public debt. 13. Sup- 
ply provided. — 14. In agriculture, the domestic animals or 
beasts belonging to the owner of a farm ; as, a stock of 
cattle, or of sheep ; also, other property on a farm. 15. 
Living beasts shipped to a foreign country ; [America.] — 
16. In the West Indies, the slaves of a plantation. — 17. 
Stocks, pi., a machine consisting of two pieces of timber, 
in which the legs of criminals are confined by way of 
punishment. 18. The frame or timbers on which a ship 
rests while building. 19. The stock of an anchor is the 
piece of timber into which the shank is inserted. Mar. 
Diet. — 20. In book-keeping, the owner or owners of the 
books. — Syn. Fund ; capital ; store ; supply ; accumula- 
tion ; hoard ; provision. 
rJTOCK, v. t. 1. To store ; to supply ; to fill. 2. To lay up 
in store. 3. To put in the stocks; [little used.] 4. To 
pack ; to put into a pack. 5. To supply with domestic 
animals. 6. To supply with seed ; [American farmers.] 
7. To suffer cows to retain their milk for twenty -four 
hours or more, previous to sale. — To stock up, to extir- 
pate ; to dig up. — Edwards, West Indies. 
STOCK'-BRoK-ER, n. A broker who deals in the purchase 

and sale of stocks or shares in the public funds. 
STOCK'-DOVE (-duv), n. [stock and dove.] The wood-pig- 
eon of Europe, formerly supposed to be the original stock 
of the common pigeon, but now recognized as a separate 
species. 
STOCK-FISH n. Cod dried hard and without salt. 
STO€K-GlL'LY-FLOW-ER, n. A plant, a species of che- 

iranthus. [Sometimes written stock July flower.] 
STO€K'-JOB-BER, n. [stock and job.] One who speculates 
in the public funds for gain ; one whose occupation is to 
buy and sell stocks. 
STOCK'-JOB-BING, n. The act or art of dealing in the 

public funds. — Encyc. 
STOCK-LOCK, n. [stock and lock] A lock fixed in a 

wooden case or frame. — Buchanan. — Moxon. 
<TO€K'~_STr,Aj, a. Still, as a fixed post ; perfectly still. 
STO€K-aDE', n. [See Stoccade.] 1. In fortification, a 
sharpened post or stake set in the earth. 2. A line of 
posts or stakes set in the earth as a fence or barrier. 
STOCK-IDE', v. t. To surround or fortify with sharpened 

posts fixed in the ground. 
STOCK-ID'ED, pp. Fortified with stockades. 
STOCK-aDTNG, ppr. Fortifying with sharpened posts or 

stakes. 
8TOCK'HoLD-ER, n. A shareholder or proprietor of stock 
in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other 
company. [United States.] 
STOCKING, n. [from stock.; Ir. stoca.] A garment made 

to cover the foot and leg. 
STOCKING, v. t. To dress in stockings. — Dryden. 
3TOGKISH, a. Hard; stupid; blockish.— Shak. [Little 

used.] 
STOCKS, n. pi. See under Stock. 

STOCK'Y, a. Thick and firm; stout. — A stocky person is 
one rather thick than tall or corpulent. — Addison. [Local.] 



STo'IC, n. [Gr. crrcx/co?.] A disciple of the philosopher 
Zeno, who founded a sect. He taught that men should b« 
free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and submiss- 
ive to the irresistible necessity by which every thing is 
directed. 
STo'IC, ? a. 1. Pertaining to the Stoics, or to their doc- 
STo'I€-AL, i trines. 2. Not affected by passion ; unfeel- 
ing ; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. 
STo'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the Stoics ; without 
apparent feeling or sensibility ; with indifference to pleas 
ure or pain. 
STo'I€-AL-NESS, n. The state of being Stoical ; indiffer 

ence to pleasure or pain. 
STo'I-CISM, n. 1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics. 
2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain ; 
insensibility. 
SToKE, Sax. stocce, stoc, place, is the same word as stock, 
differently applied. It is found in many English names 
of towns. 
SToTCER, n. One who looks after the fire in a brew-house 

or steam-engine, &c. 
STo'LA, n. [Gr. croXn.] A long garment descending to the 

ankles, worn by Roman women. 
SToLE, pret. of steal. 

SToLE, n. [L., It. stola ; Sp. estola.] 1. In the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, a long and narrow scarf, with fringed extrem- 
ities, worn by a priest around the neck, and crossed over 
the breast in front. — Hook. 2. [L. stolo.] A sucker ; a 
shoot from the root of a plant, by which some plants may 
be propagated; [written, also, stool.] — Groom of the stole, 
the first lord of the bed-chamber, in the household of the 
King of England. — Brande. 
STo'LEN (stol'n), pp. or a., from steal. 
t STOLID, a. [L. stolidus.] Dull ; foolish ; stupid. 
STO-LID'I-TY, n. Dullness of intellect ; stupidity. [Rare.] 
STo'LON, n. [L. stolo.] In botany, a runner or shoot pro- 
ceeding horizontally from a plant, as in the strawberry. 
STOL-O-NIFTSR-OUS, a. [L. stolo and /em] Producing 

suckers ; putting forth suckers. — Martyn. 

STo'MA, n., 1 [Gr.] In botany, terms applied to oval 

STOM'A-TA, n. pi. 5 spaces between the sides of cells, 

opening into intercellular cavities in the subjacent tissue, 

and bordered by a rim. — Lindley. 

STO-MACA-CE, n. [Gr. cropa and tcaicos.] A fetor of 

breath, arising from ulcerated gums. — Brande. 
SToM'ACH (stum'ak), n. [L. stomachus ; It. stomacho ; Fr. 
estomac] 1. In animal bodies, a membranous receptacle, 
the principal organ of digestion, in which food is prepared 
for entering into the several parts of the body, for its nour 
ishment. 2. Appetite ; the desire of food caused by hun- 
ger. 3. Inclination ; liking. 4. Anger ; violence of tern 
per. 5. Sullenness ; resentment ; willful obstinacy ; stub 
bornness. 6. Pride ; haughtiness. [Rare, or inelegant in 
all the senses except the first.] 
ST6MACH, v. t. [L. stomachor.] 1. To resent ; to remem 
ber with anger. 2. To brook ; to bear without open re 
sentment or without opposition ; [not elegant.] 
t ST6M'A€H, v. i. To be angry.— Hooker. 
ST6M'A€H-PUMP, n. A small pump or syringe, with & 
flexible tube, for drawing liquids from the stomach, or for 
injecting them into it 
t ST6M'ACH-AL. a. [Fr. stomacal.] Cordial ; helping the 

stomach. — Cotgrave. 
ST6M' ACHED, a. Filled with resentment.— Shak. 
ST6MA.-CHER n. An ornament or support to the breast, 

worn by females. — Isa., iii. — Shak. 
ST6M'ACH-FUL (stum'ak-), a. Willfully obstinate ; stub- 
born ; perverse. — L' Estrange. 
SToM'ACH-FUL-NESS, n. Stubbornness ; sullenness ; per- 
verse obstinacy. 
STO-MACHIC \ (sto-mak'ik-), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
STO-MA€H'I€-AL 5 stomach. 2. Strengthening to the 

stomach ; exciting the action of the stomach. 
STO-MACH'IC, n. A medicine that excites the action and 

strengthens the stomach. 
t ST6M'A€H-ING, n. Resentment. 
ST6M'A€H-ING (stum'ak-ing), ppr. Brooking ; bearing 

without open resentment 
ST6M'A€H-LESS, a. Being without a stomach or appe- 
tite.— Hall. 
t STOM'ACH-OUS, a. Stout; sullen; obstinate.— Spenser. 
t ST6M'ACH-Y (stum'ak-e), a. Obstinate ; sullen. — Jen- 
nings. 
STo'MA-POD, n. [Gr. aro^a and wove.] One of an order oi 
crustaceous animals, including the squilla, in which sev- 
eral organs of the mouth have the form of feet.— Dana. 
STOMP, a vulgar pronunciation of stamp, which see. 
t STOND, n. [for stand.] A stop ; a post ; a station. 
ST5NE, n. [Sax. stan ; Goth, staina ; G. stein ; D., Dan. 
steen.] 1. A mass of concreted earthy or mineral matter. 
— In popular language, a stone is distinguished from a 
rock, which is of larger size, and from gravel and sand, 
which are the finer or smaller kinds. Sronc is often used 



P6VE :— BULL tTNITF, ;— AN"GF,R VI"CIOUS.— C as K; G as J : S as Z : CH as SH; Til as in ikis. t Obsole-s 



STO 



974 



STO 



in the singular, for the substance or material of which 
stones are composed ; as, an edifice of stone. 2. A gem ; 
a precious stone. 3. Any thing made of stone ; a mirror. 
4. A calculous concretion in the kidneys or bladder ; the 
disease arising from a calculus. 5. A testicle. 6. The nut 
of a drupe or stone-fruit ; or the hard covering inclosing 
the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pulpy pericarp.— 7. 
In Great Britain, the weight of fourteen pounds, [8, 12, 14, 
or 16.] 8. A monument erected to preserve the memory 
of the dead. 9. It is used to express torpidness and in- 
sensibility. — 10. Stone is prefixed to some words to qualify 
their signification ; as, stone dead. [See Philosopher's stone, 
under Philosopher.] — To leave no stone unturned, to spare 
no exertions for the attainment of an object. 

SToNE, a. Made of stone, or like stone ; as, a stone jug. 

SToNE, v. t. [Sax. stanan.) 1. To pelt, beat, or kill with 
stones. 2. To harden ; [little used.] 3. To free from 
stones. 4. To wall or face with stones ; to line or fortify 
with stones. 

SToNE'-BLlND, a. Blind as a stone ; perfectly blind. 

SToNE'-BoR-ER, n. An animal that bores stones ; applied 
to certain bivalve mollusks which form holes in rocks. — 
Kirby. 

SToNE'-BoW, n. A cross-bow for shooting stones. 

SToNE'-BREaK, n. [L. saxifraga.] A plant. 

SToNE'-CHAT, ? n. [stone and chatter.) A small bird 

SToNE'-CHAT-TER, 5 allied to the English robin red- 
breast. Its note often resembles the knocking together of 
two stones. 

SToNE'-CoAL, n. Hard coal ; mineral coal. 

SToNE'-CRaY, n. A distemper in hawks. 

SToNE'-CROP, n. [Sax. stan-crop.] 1. A sort of tree.— 
Mortimer. 2. A low succulent plant of the genus sedum, 
growing on rocks and dry, arid places. — Loudon. 

SToNE'-€UR-LEW, n. A large species of the plover fam- 
ily, which frequents stony places ; also called thick-kneed 
plover or bustard, and thick-knee. 

SToNE'-€UT-TER n. [stone and cut.] One whose occupa- 
tion is to hew stones. — Swift. 

SToNE'-€UT-TING, n. The business of hewing stones for 
walls, steps, cornices, monuments, &c. 

SToNE'-DeAD (-ded), a. As lifeless as a stone. 

SToNE'-E AT-ER, n. An animal that eats stone ; applied to 
certain bivalve mollusks which form holes in rocks. — 
Kirby. 

SToNE'-FERN, n. [stone and fern.] A plant. 

SToNE'-FLy, n. [stone and^y.] An insect. — Ainsworth. 

SToNE'-FRuIT, n. [stone and fruit.) Fruit whose seeds 
are covered with a hard shell enveloped in the pulp, as 
peaches, cherries, plums, &c. ; a drupe. 

SToNE'-HAWK, n. [stone and hawk.) A kind of hawk. 

SToNE'-HEiRT-ED, \a. Hard-hearted; cruel; pitiless; 

STo'NY-HEXRT-ED, 5 unfeeling. 

SToNE'-HENdE, n. An assemblage of upright and hori- 
zontal stones on Salisbury Plain, England ; generally sup- 
posed to be the remains of an ancient Druidical temple. 
—P. Cyc. 

SToNE'-HORSE, n. A horse not castrated. 

SToNE'-HOUSE, n. A house built of stone. 

SToNE'-PaRS-LEY, n. A plant of the genus bubon. 

SToNE'-PIT, n. A pit or quarry where stones are dug. 

SToNE'-PITCH, n. Hard, inspissated pitch. 

5T5NE'-PL6V-ER (-pluv'er), n. A bird. 

SToNE'-SQUaR-ER, n. [stone and square.) One who forms 
stones into squares. — 1 Kings, v. 

SToNE'-STILL, a. [stone and still.) Still as a 6tone ; per- 
fectly still or motionless. 

SToNE'- WALL, n. A wall built of stones. 

SToNE'-WaRE, n. [stone and ware.] A species of potter's- 
ware of a coarse kind, glazed and baked. 

SToNE'-WEED, n. A troublesome weed, of the genus 
lithospermum, having spear-shaped flowers with yellowish 
or milk-white corols.— Farm. Encyc. 

SToNE'-W6RK (-wurk), n. [stone and work.) Work or wall 
consisting of stone ; mason's work of stone. — Mortimer. 

SToNJED, pp. Pelted or killed with stones ; freed from 
stones ; walled with stones. 

SToN'ER, n. One who beats or kills with stones ; one who 
walls with stones. 

SToNE'S'-CIST, \ n. The distance which a stone may 

SToNE'S'-THRoW, 5 be thrown by the hand. 

SToNE' S'-MI€K-LE, n. A bird.— Ainsworth. 

SToN'I-NESS, n. 1. The quality of abounding with stones. 
2. Hardness of heart. — Hammond. 

SToN% a. rD. stenig ; G. steinig.) 1. Made of stone. 2. 
Consisting" of stone. 3. Full of stones ; abounding with 
stones. 4. Petrifying. 5. Hard ; cruel ; unrelenting; pit- 
iless. 6. Insensible ; obdurate ; perverse ; morally hard. 

SToN'Y-HEaRT-ED, a. Hard-hearted.— Scott. 

STOOD, pret. of stand. 

STOOK, n. [Scotch ; W. ystwc] A small collection of 
•heaves set up in the field. — In England, a stook is twelve 



STOQK, v. t. To set up sheaves of grain in stooks. [ Locdi.^ 

STOOKTNG, n. The act of setting up sheaves of grain in 
stooks or shocks. 

STOOL, n. [Sax. stol ; Goth, stols ; G. stuhl ; D., Dan. steel 
Sw. stol.) 1. A seat without a back ; a little form, consist 
ing of a board with three or four legs, intended as a seat 
for one person. 2. The seat used in evacuating the con 
tents of the bowels ; hence, an evacuation ; a discharge 
from the bowels. 3. [L. stolo.] The root or stem of a tree 
or shrub when cut off near the ground, from which shoots 
spring up. Brande. — Stool of repentance, in Scotland, aa 
elevated seat in the church, on which persons sit as a pun- 
ishment for fornication and adultery ; the cutty-stool, 
which see. 

STOOL, v. i. In agriculture, to ramify ; to tiller, as grain ; 
to shoot out suckers. 

STOOL'-BALL, n. [stool and ball.) A play in which balls 
are driven from stool to stool. — Prior. 

STOOM, v. t. To put bags of herbs or other ingredients 
into wine to prevent fermentation. [Local.) 

STOOP, v. i. [Sax. stupian ; D. stuipen.] 1. To bend the 
body downward and forward. 2. To bend the body oi 
incline forward ; to incline forward in standing or walk- 
ing. 3. To bend or bow by compulsion. 4. To descend 
from rank or dignity ; to condescend. 5. To be inferior ; 
to acknowledge inferiority. 6. To come down on prey, 
as a hawk. 7. To alight from the wing. 8. To sink to a 
lower place.— Syn. To lean ; yield ; submit ; condescend ; 
descend ; cower ; shrink. 

STOOP, v. t. 1. To cause to incline downward ; to sink. 2. 
To cause to submit ; [little used.) 

STOOP, n. 1. The act of bending the body forward ; inclin, 
ation forward. 2. Descent from dignity or superiority ; 
condescension. 3. Fall of a bird on his prey. 

STOOP, n. [D. stoep, a step.] The steps of a door.— In Near 
England, a stoop has a balustrade and seats on the sides 

STOOP, n. [Sax. stoppa ; D. stoop.] 1. A vessel of liquo* , 
a flagon. — Shalt. 2. A post fixed in the earth ; [local.] 

STOOPED (stoopt), pp. Caused to lean. 

STOOP'ER, n. One who bends the body forward. 

STOOPING, ppr. Bending the body forward ; yielding , 
submitting; condescending; inclining. 

STOOP'ING-LY, adv. With a bending of the body forward. 

STOOR, v. i. To rise in clouds, as dust or smoke ; from the 
Welsh ystwr, a stir. — Halliwell. [Local.] 

STOOT'ER, n. A small silver coin in Holland, value 2£ 
stivers. — P. Cyc. 

STOP, v. t. [D. stoppen ; G. stopfen ; Dan. stopper ; Sw. stop 
pa ; It. stoppare.) 1. To close, as an aperture, by filling oi 
by obstructing. 2. To close up ; to render impassable. 3. 
To arrest progress. 4. To check with an effectual ob- 
struction. 5. To encounter with an effectual resistance 
6. To check or prevent advancement. 7. To hinder from 
action or practice. 8. To put an end to any motion or 
action ; to intercept. 9. To regulate the sounds of music- 
al strings. — 10. In seamanship, to make fast. 11. To point 
as a written composition ; [obs.] — Syn. To obstruct ; hin- 
der ; impede ; repress ; suppress ; restrain ; delay ; in 
terrupt. 

STOP, v. i. 1. To cease to go forward. 2. To cease from 
any motion or course of action. 

STOP, n. 1. Cessation of progressive motion. _ 2. Hinder- 
ance of progress ; obstruction ; act of stopping. 3. Re- 
pression ; hinderance of operation or action. 4. Interrup- 
tion. 5. Prohibition of sale. 6. That which obstructs; 
obstacle ; impediment. 7. The instrument by which the 
sounds of wind-music are regulated. 8. Regulation of 
musical chords by the fingers. 9. The act of applying the 
stops in music. LO. A point or mark in writing, intended 
to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence, or claus- 
es, and to show the proper pauses in reading. 

STOP'-COCK, n. [stop and cock.] A pipe for letting out a 
fluid, stopped by a turning-cock. — Grew. 

t STOP'-GAP, n. A temporary expedient. 

f STOP'LESS, a. Not to be stopped.— Davenant. 

STOP'PAgE, n. The act of stopping or arresting progress 
or motion ; or the state of being stopped. 

STOPPED (ptoyt), pp. Closed ; obstructed ; hindered from 
proceeding; impeded; intercepted. 

STOP'PER, n. 1. One who stops, closes, shuts, or hinders 
that which stops or obstructs ; that which closes or fills a 
vent or hole in a vessel.— 2. In seamen's language, a short 
piece of rope used for making something fast, as the an- 
chor or cables. 

STOP'PER, v. t. To close or secure with a stopper. 

STOP'PERJD, pp. or a. Closed or secured with a stopper 

STOP'PER-ING, ppr. Closing or securing with a stopper. 

STOP'PING, ppr. Closing ; shutting ; obstructing ; bmdei 
ing from proceeding ; ceasing to go or move. • 

STOP'PLE (stop'pl), n. [Sw. stopp.) That which stops or 
closes the mouth of a vessel. 

SToR'AAE, n. 1. The act of depositing in a store or ware 
house for safe keeping ; or the safe keeping of goods in a 



See Synopsis X, 1. 1, &c, long.-l, E, I, &c, short.-F aR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;-MARiNE, BIRD ;-Mo VE, BOOK 



STO 



975 



STR 



ware-house. 2. The price charged or paid for keeping i 
goods in a store. I 

SToTLAX, n. [L. styraz.] An aromatic resinous substance, i 
brought from Asiatic Turkey, where it i3 obtained from 
the tree styrax officinalis. It is used in medicine as an ex- 
pectorant. — Tully. 
SToRE, n. [W. ystor ; Sax., Dan. stor ; Ir. stor, storas.] 1. 
A large number; [obs.] 2. A large quantity. 3. A stock 
provided ; a large quantity for supply. 4. Quantity accu- 
mulated. 5. A store-house ; a magazine ; a ware-house. — 
6. In the United States, shops for the sale of goods of any 
kind by wholesale or retail, are often called stores. — In 
store, in a state of accumulation ; [in aliteral sense;] hence, 
in a state of preparation for supply. [See, also, Stores.] 
— Syn. Fund ; supply ; abundance ; plenty ; accumula- 
tion ; provision. 
' SToRE, a. Hoarded ; laid up ; as, store treasure. 
SToRE, v. t. 1. To furnish ; to supply ; to replenish. 2. 
To stock against a future time ; to hoard. 3. To reposit 
in a store or ware-house for preservation ; to ware-house. 
SToRE'-HOUSE, n. 1. A building for keeping grain or 
goods of any kind ; a magazine ; a repository ; a ware- 
house. 2. A repository. 3. A great mass reposited ; [obs.] 
SToRE'-KEEP-ER, n. [store and keeper.] A man who has 

the care of a store. 
SToRE'-ROOM, n. Room in a store-house or repository ; 

a_room in which articles are stored. 
STORED, pp. 1. Furnished ; supplied. 2. Laid up in store ; 

ware-housed. 
SToR'ER, n. One who lays up or forms a Btore. 
STORES, n. pi. 1. Military and naval stores are arms, am- 
munition, provisions, clothing, &c. — 2. In commercial navi- 
gation, the supplies of different articles provided for the 
subsistence and accommodation of the ship's crew and 
passengers. — M'Culloch. 
STOR'&E, n. [Gr.] Parental affection ; that strong instinct- 
ive affection which animals have for their young. 
f STo'PJ-AL, a. [from story.] Historical. — Chaucer. 
STo'RIED (sto'rid), a. [from story.] 1. Furnished with sto- 
ries ; adorned with historical paintings. 2. Related or re- 
ferred to in story ; told or recited in history, 
f STo'RI-ER, n. A relater of stories ; a historian. 
\ STo'RI-F? , v. t. To form or tell stories.— Ch. R. Appeal 
SToR'ING, ppr. Laying up in a store or ware-house. 
STORK, n. [Sax. store ; Dan., Sw. stork.] A large bird, 
with a long, straight, conical bill, allied to the heron. The 
stork is famed for its great affection toward its young, and 
the various species render important services to man in 
clearing away noxious animals and filth. 
STORK'S'-BILL, n. A plant of the genus pelargonium, 

which see. — Loudon. 
STORM, n. [Sax., D., Dan., Sw. storm; G. sturm.] 1. The 
violent action of one or more of the meteorological ele- 
ments, wind, rain, snow, hail, or thunder and lightning ; a 
tempest. 2. A violent assault on a fortified place ; a furi- 
ous attempt of troops to enter and take a fortified place 
by scaling the walls, forcing the gates, and the like. 3. Vi- 
olent civil or political commotion ; sedition ; insurrection ; 
also, clamor ; tumult ; disturbance of the peace. 4. Afflic- 
tion ; calamity ; distress ; adversity. 5. Violence ; vehe- 
mence ; tumultuous force. 
STORM, v. t. To assault ; to attack and attempt to take by 

scaling the walls, forcing gates or breaches, and the like. 
STORM, v. i. 1. To raise a tempest. 2. To blow with vio- 
lence ; [impersonally.] 3. To rage ; to be in a violent agi- 
tation of passion ; to fume. 
STORM'-BeAT, a. Beaten or impaired by storms. 
STORM'-MENA-CTNG, a. Threatening a storm. 
STORM'-PET'REL, n. A name of certain small, black sea- 
birds, often seen during storms flying swiftly, or seeming 
to run upon the waves. 
STORM'-PRE-SIG/ING, a. Presaging a storm.— Hemans. 
STORM'-SaIL, n. A coarse or strong sail used in gales of 

wind. — Glynn. 
STORM'-TOSSED (-tost), a. Tossed by storms or high 

winds. 
STORM'-VEXED, a. Harassed with storms.— Coleridge. 
STORMED, pp. Assaulted by violence. 
STORM'FUL, a. Abounding with storms. 
STORM'FUL-NESS, n. Abundance of storms.— Coleridge. 
STORM'I-NESS, n. Tempestuousness ; the state of being 

agitated by violent winds. 
STORMING, ppr. Attacking with violent force ; raging. 
STORMT, a. 1. Tempestuous ; agitated with furious winds ; 
boisterous. 2. Proceeding from violent agitation or fury. 
3. Violent ; passionate ; [unusual.] 
STORTHTNG, (stortfing), n. [Dan. stor and ting.] The 

parliament of Norway, elected once in three years. 
STo'RY, n. [Sax. sttzer, ster ; It. storia ; L. historia.] 1. A 
verbal narration or recital of a series of facts or incidents. 
2. A written narrative of a series of facts or events. 3. 
History a written narrative or account of mst transac- 
tions, whether relating to nations or individuals. 4. Petty 



tale ; relation of a single incident or of trilling incidents 

5. A trifling tale ; a fiction ; a fable ; as, the story of a fairy 

6. A loft ; a floor ; or a set of rooms on the same floor o: 
level. 7. A falsehood.— Hallwcll ; [carious dialects.] 

ST5'RY, v. t. 1. To tell in historical relation ; to narrate. 
2. To range one under another. — Bentlcy ; [rare.] 

STo'RY-PoST, n. A vertical post used to support a floor 
or superincumbent wall. 

STo'RY-TELL-ER, n. [story and tell] 1. One who tells 
stories ; a narrator of a series of incidents. 2. A historian • 
[in contempt.] 3. One who tells fictitious stories. 

STo'RY-ING, ppr. Telling in historical relation. 

STOT, n. [Sax. stotte.] 1. A horse.— Chaucer ; [not used.) 
2. A young bullock or steer. — Walter Scott ; [Scottish.] 

STDTE. See Stoat. 

t STOUND, v. i. [Ice. stunde.] 1. To be in pain or sorrow. 
2. Stunned ; see Astound. 

t STOUND, n. 1. Sorrow ; grief. 2. A shooting pain. 3. 
Noise. 4. Astonishment; amazement. 5. [Dan. stand., 
Hour ; time ; season. (5. A vessel to put small-beer in. 
Halliwell; [local] 

ST5UP, n. A flagon; a vessel or measure for liquids.— 
Jamieson. [Scottish.] 

t STOUR, n. [Sax. styrian.] A battle or tumult ; a river, as 
in the compound Sturbridge. 

STOUT, a. [D. stout; Dan. studer.] 1. Strong; lusty. 2. 
Bold ; intrepid ; valiant ; brave. 3. Large ; bulky ; cor- 
pulent. 4. Proud; resolute; pertinacious; obstinate. 5. 
Strong; firm. 

STOUT, n. A cant name for strong beer.— Swift. 

SS (bilt) ' h "™* ' — *— 

STOUT'-HEaRT-ED, a. Having a stout heart.— Scott. 
STOUTLY, adv. Lustily ; boldly ; obstinately. 
STOUTNESS, n. The state of being thickset, strong, bold, 
or obstinate. — Syn. Strength ; bulk ; courage ; force ; val- 
or ; lustiness ; brawniness ; boldness ; fortitude ; stubborn- 
ness. 

ST5VE, n. [Sax. stofa ; Sw. stufva ; D. stoof; It. stufa.] 1 
A hot-house ; a house or room artificially warmed. 2. A 
small box with an iron pan. used for holding coals to 
warm the feet. 3. An iron box, cylinder, or fire-place, ir. 
which fire is made to warm an apartment. 4. An iron 
box, with various apartments in it for cooking ; a culinary 
utensil of various forms. 

SToVE, v. t. To keep warm in a house or room by artifi- 
cial heat ; to heat, as in a stove ; as, to stove feathers. 

SToVE, pret. of stave. 

STo'VER, n. [a contraction of estover.] Fodder for cattle , 
primarily, fodder from threshed grain. 

SToVTNG, ppr. Keeping warm by the heat of a stove, or 
by artificial heat ; heating, as in a stove. 

SToW, v. t. [Sax. stow ; G. stauen ; D. stuwen ; Dan. stuver ; 
Sp., Port, estivar.] 1. To place ; to put in a suitable placs? 
or position. 2. To lay up ; to reposit. — To stow the hold 
of a vessel, to stow or arrange articles in the hold.— Totten 

SToW, in names, a place, as in Barstow. 

STOWAGE, n. 1. The act or operation of placing in a suit- 
able position, or the suitable disposition of several things 
together. 2. Room for the reception of things to be re- 
posited. 3. The state of being laid. up. 4. Money paid for 
stowing goods ; [little used.] 

SToWED, pp. Placed in due position or order. 

SToW'ING, ppr. Placing in due position ; disposing in gooi 
order. 

STRa'BISM, 1 n. [L. strabismus.] A non-coincidence of 

STRA-BIS'MUS, > the optic axes of the eyes upon an ob- 
ject, occasioned by a permanent lengthening of one of the 
lateral muscles of the ball of the eye and a permanent 
shortening of its antagonist; a squinting ; the act or habit 
of looking asquint. 

STRAD'DLE, v. i. To part the legs wide ; to stand or walk 
with the legs far apart. 

STRAD'DLE, v. t. To place one leg on one side and the 
other on the other of any thing. 

STRAD'DLING, ppr. Standing or walking with the legs 
far apart ; placing one leg on one side and the other on 
the other. 

STRAG'GLE (stragl), v. i. 1. To wander from the direct 
course or way ; to rove. 2. To wander at large without 
any certain direction or object ; to ramble. 3. To exuber- 
ate ; to shoot too far in growth. 4. To be dispersed ; to 
be apart from any main body. 

STRAG'GLER, n. 1. A wanderer ; a rover ; one who de- 
parts from the direct or proper course. — Swift. 2. A vag- 
abond ; a wandering, shiftless fellow. 3. Something that 
shoots beyond the rest, or too far. 4. Something that 
stands by itself. 

STRAG'GLING, ppr. or a. Wandering ; roving; rambling ; 
being in a separate position. 

STRaHL'STEiN, n. [G. strahl and stein.] Another namn 
of actinolite.— lire. 

STRAIGHT (strate), a. [L. strictus ; Sax. strac ; Fr. etroit 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GEK, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



STK 



976 



STR 



tsl stretfo ; Sp. estrecho ; Port. estrdto.] 1. Right, [m a 
mathematical sense ;] direct ; passing from one point to an- 
other by the nearest course ; not deviating or crooked. 2. 
Narrow ; close ; tight. 3. Upright ; according with justice 
and rectitude ; not deviating from truth or fairness. 

STRAIGHT (strate), adv. Immediately; directly; in the 
shortest time. 

STRaIGHT-EDgE (strate'-ej), n. A small board or piece 
of metal having one edge perfectly straight ; used to as- 
certain whether a surface is perfectly plane. 

STRaIGHT'-LiN£D, a. Having straight lines. 

^TRIIGHT-PlGHT, a. Literally, straight fixed ; erect.— 
Shah. 

STRAIGHTEN (strafn), v. t. 1. To make straight ; to re- 
duce from a crooked to a straight form. 2. To make nar- 
row, tense, or close ; to tighten. 3. To reduce to difficul- 
ties or distress. 

STRIIGHT.EN.ED, pp. Made straight ; made narrow. 

6TRaIGHT'£N-ER. n. He or that which straightens. 

STRaIGHT'£N-ING, ppr. Making straight or narrow. 

STRIIGHTFoRTH, adv. Directly ; thenceforth. 

STRaIGHT-FOR'WARD (strate'-), a. Proceeding in a 
straight course ; not deviating. 

STRaIGHT-FOR'WARD-NESS, n. Direction in a straight 
course ; undeviating rectitude. 

STRaIGHT'LY, adv. 1. In a right fine ; not crookedly. 2. 
Tightly; closely. 

STRaIGHT'NESS (strate'nes), n. 1. The quality or state of 
being straight; rectitude. — Bacon. 2. Narrowness; ten- 
sion ; tightness. 

BTRaIGHT'WaY (strate'wa), adv. [straight and way.] Im- 
mediately ; without loss of time ; without delay. — Straight- 
ways is obsolete. 

TRaIKS, n. pi. Strong plates of iron on the circumfe- 
rence of a cannon wheel over the joints of the fellies. 
TRaIN, v. t. [Fr. ctreindre ; It. strignere ; Sp. estreuir ; L. 
stringo.] 1. To stretch ; to draw with force ; to extend 
with great effort. 2. To cause to draw with force or with 
excess of exertion ; to injure by pressing with too much 
effort. 3. To stretch violently or by violent exertion. 4. 
To put to the utmost strength. 5. To press or cause to 
pass through some porous substance ; to purify or sepa- 
rate from extraneous matter by filtration ; to filter. 6. To 
sprain ; to injure by drawing or stretching. 7. To make 
tighter ; to cause to bind closer. 8. To force ; to constrain ; 
to make uneasy or unnatural. 

STRAIN, v. i. 1. To make violent efforts. 2. To be fil- 
tered. 

STRAIN, n. 1. A violent effort; a stretching or exertion of 
the limbs or muscles ; the force exerted on any material 
tending to disarrange or destroy the cohesion of its parts. 

2. An injury by excessive exertion, drawing, or stretching. 

3. Style ; continued manner of speaking or writing. 4. 
Song ; note ; sound, or a particular part of a tune. 5. 
Turn ; tendency ; inborn disposition. 6. Manner of speech 
or action. 7. Race ; generation ; descent ; [obs.] 8. He- 
reditary disposition ; [obs.] 9. Rank ; character ; [obs.] 

f STRIIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being strained.— Bacon. 

STRAINED, pp. or a. Stretched ; violently exerted ; fil- 
tered. 

STRaIN'ER, ii. That through which any liquid passes for 
purification ; an instrument for filtration. 

STRAINING, ppr. Stretching ; exerting with violence ; 
making great efforts ; filtering. 

STRAINING, n. The act of stretching ; the act of filtering; 
filtration. 

f STRaINT, n. A violent stretching or tension. — Spenser. 

STRa.IT, a. [See Straight.] 1. Narrow ; close ; not broad. 

2. Close ; intimate ; as, a strait degree of favor. — Sidney. 

3. Strict; rigorous. 4. Difficult; distressful. 5. Straight; 
notcrooked. 

STRaIT, n. [See Straight.] 1. A narrow pass or passage, 
either in a mountain or in the ocean, between continents 
or other portions of land. 2. Distress ; difficulty ; distress- 
ing necessity ; formerly written streight. 

t STRUT, v. t. To put to difficulties.— Shak. 

STRaIT-HAND-ED, a. [strait and hand.] Parsimonious ; 
sparing ; niggardly. [Not much used.] 

STRaIT'-HAND'ED-NESS, n. Niggardliness; parsimony. 
— Hall. 

STRaIT'-LaCED (-laste), a. [straight and lace.] 1. Griped 
with stays. — Locke. 2. Stiff; constrained. 3. Rigid in 
opinion ; strict. 

STRaIT'-WaIST-€5AT, \ n. An apparatus to confine the 

STRaIT'-JA€K-ET, 5 limbs of a distracted person. 

^TRIIT'EN (strat'n), v. t. 1. To make narrow. 2. To con- 
tract ; to confine. 3. To make tense or tight. 4. To dis- 
tress ; to perplex ; to press with poverty or other neces- 
sity. 5. To press by want of sufficient room. 

STRaIT.EN.ED,p/7. Made narrow; contracted; perplexed. 

STR5IT'LY (stratele), adv. 1. Narrowly; closely. 2. 
Strictly; rigorously. 3. Closely; intimately. 

STRaITNESS, n. 1. Narrowness. 2. Strictness ; rigor. 



3. Distress; difficulty; pressure from necessity of any 
kind, particularly, from poverty. 4. Want ; scarcity ; or 
rather, narrowness. 

t STRIKE, pret. of strike. See Strike. 
STRaKE, n. [Sp. traca.] 1. A streak ; [not used, unless iv 
reference to the range of planks in a ship's side; see Streak.] 
2. A narrow board ; [obs.] 3. The iron band of a wheel , 
[in the United States, this is called a band, or the tire of 8 
wheel.] 

STRAM, v. i. [Dan. strammer.] To spread out the limbs 
to sprawl. [Local and vulgar.] 

STRAM'ASH, v. t. [It. stramazzare.] To strike, beat, oi 
bang; to break; to destroy. — Grose. [Local and vulgar' 

STRA-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. stramineus.] 1. Strawy ; consist 
ing of straw. 2. Chaffy ; like straw ; fight. 

STRA-Mo'NI-UM, ) n. The thorn-apple, datura stramonium. 

STRAM'O-NY, J whose seeds and leaves are used in 
medicine. 

STRAND, n, [Sax., Ger., D., Dan., Sw. strand.] 1. The 
shore or beach of the sea or ocean, or of a large lake, and 
perhaps, of a navigable river. 2. [Russ. struna.] One of 
the twists or parts of which a rope is composed. 

STRAND, v. t. 1. To drive or run aground on a shore oi 
strand, as a ship. 2. To break one of the strands of a rope 

STRAND, v. i. To drift or be driven on shore ; to run 
aground. 

STRAND'ED, pp. or a. 1. Run ashore. 2. Having a strand 
broken. 

STRANDING, ppr. Running ashore ; breaking a strand. 

STRANG, a. Strong.— Halliwell. [North of England.] 

STRANGE, a. [Fr. etrange ; It. strano ; Sp. extrano.] 1. Be- 
longing to another country ; [rare.] 2. Not domestic ; be- 
longing to others ; [nearly obs.] 3. Not before known, 
heard, or seen. 4. Causing surprise ; exciting curiosity 
5. Not according to the common way. 6. R.emote ; [rare.] 
7. Rarely met with. 8. Unacquainted. — 9. Strange is 
sometimes uttered by way of exclamation, elliptically, for 
it is strange.— A strange sail, among seamen, an unknown 
vessel. — Syn. Foreign ; new ; outlandish ; wonderful ; 
astonishing ; marvelous ; unusual ; odd ; uncommon ; ir- 
regular ; queer ; eccentric ; particular. 

t STRaNgE, v. t. To alienate ; to estrange. 

t STRaNgE, v. i. 1. To wonder ; to be astonished. 2. To 
be estranged or alienated. 

STRaNGE'-LOOK-ING, a. Having an odd or unusual look 

STRaNgE'LY, 'adv. 1. With some relation to foreigners ; 
[obs.] 2. Wonderfully ; in a manner or degree to excite 
surprise or wonder. 

STRaNGE'NESS, n. 1. Foreignness ; the state of belonging 
to another country. 2. Distance in behavior ; reserve , 
coldness ; forbidding manner. 3. Remoteness from com- 
mon manners or notions ; uncouthness. 4. Alienation of 
mind ; estrangement ; mutual dislike ; [obs., or rare.] 5. 
Wonderfulness ; the power of exciting surprise and won- 
der ; uncommonness that raises wonder by novelty. 

STRaN'gER, n. [Fr. etrange):] 1. A foreigner; one who 
belongs to another country. 2. One ot another town, 
city, state, or province in the same coui.cry. 3. One un 
known. 4. One unacquainted. 5. A guest ; a visitor. 6 
One not admitted to any communication or fellowship. 
7. In law, one not privy or party to an act. 

t STRaN'gER, v. t. To estrange ; to alienate.— Sliak. 

STRAN'GLE (strang'gl), v. t. [Fr. etr angler ; It. strangolare, 
L. strangulo.] 1. To destroy fife by stopping respiration 
2. To hinder from birth or appearance. — Syn. To choke ; 
suffocate ; smother ; suppress. 

STRAN"GLE-A-BLE (strang'gl-a-bl), a. That may be stran- 
gled. — Chesterfield. 

STRAN"GLED, pp. ova. Choked; suffocated; suppressed. 

STRAN"GLER, n. One who strangles. 

STRANGLES (-glz), n. A disease of horses, in which a 
tumor is formed under the jaw. — Farm. Encyc. 

STRANGLING, ppr. Choking; suffocating. 

STRANGLING, n. The act of destroying life by stopping 
respiration. _ 

STRAN"GU-La-TED, a. In surgery, having the circulation 
stopped in any part by compression. 

STRAN'GU-La'TION, n. |Fr.; L. strangulatio.] 1. The 
act of strangling ; the act of destroying life by stopping 
respiration ; suffocation. 2. That kind of suffocation 
which is common to women in hysterics ; also, the com- 
pression of the intestines in hernia, so as to suspend the 
circulation in the part. — Cyc. 

STRAN-GU'RI-OUS, a. Laboring under strangury; of the 
nature of strangury. — Cheyne. 

STRAN"GU-RY (strang'gu-re), n. [L. stranguria ; Gr.o pay 
yovDia] A painful and stillatitious discharge of urine. 

STRAP, n. [D., Dan., Sw. strop ; Sax. stropp.] 1- A long, 
narrow slip of cloth or leather, of various forms and for 
various uses. 2. A piece of leather prepared for sharpen, 
ing a razor; a strop.— 3. In botany, the fiat part of the 
corollet in ligulate florets ; also, the leaf, exclusive of its 
sheath, in some grasses. 4. An iron plate for connecting 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a. k, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BtRD ,— MOVE. BOOK. 



STJR 



977 



STR 



two or more timbers, into which it is screwed by bolts. — 
Gwilt. 5. A piece of rope formed into a circle, used to 
retain a block in its position. — Tottcn. 
STRAP, v. t. 1. To beat or chastise with a strap. 2. To 
3. To rub on 



strap for 
1. Shaped like a strap.— 2. 
] An old punishment by- 



fasten or bind with a strap 
sharpening, as a razor. 

STRAP'-SHIPED (-shapt), a. 
In botany, ligulate. 

STRAP-Pi'DO, n. [It strappa 
"-drawing up a person to his height, and then letting him 
fall with a jerk, to the breaking of his bones." — Holme. 

STRAP-Pa'DO, v. t. To torture.— Milton. 

STRAPPED (strapt), pp. Drawn or rubbed on a strap ; 
beaten with a strap ; fastened with a strap. 

3TRAPTING, ppr. 1. Drawing on a strap, as a razor. 2. 
Binding with a strap. 3. a. Tall ; lusty. 

STRASS, n. A colorless glass, which is the base of all arti- 
ficial gems, and consists chiefly of silex, potash, borax, 
and oxyd of lead. — Ure. 

STRa'TA, n. pi. Beds ; layers ; as, strata of sand, clay, or 
coal. See Stratum. 

STRATA-GEM, n. [L. stratagema; Fr. stratageme ; It. strat- 
agemma.] 1. An artifice, particularly in war; a plan or 
scheme for deceiving an enemy. 2. Any artifice ; a trick 
by which some advantage is intended to be obtained.— 
Syn. Finesse ; trick ; deceit ; deception ; cheat ; impos- 
ture ; delusion ; fraud ; imposition ; snare. 

STRAT-A-GEM'IC-AL, a. Containing stratagem or artifice. 
[Rare.] 

STRATE-GUS, n. [Gr. cTftaTnyoS.] An Athenian general 
officer. — Mitford. 

STRA-Te'gIG, ? !»■•:■■'**.♦ 

STRA-Te'6I€-AL, j a - ? e ^™™g to strategy. 

STRAT'E-GIST, n. One skilled in strategy or the science 
of directing great military movements. 

STRAT'E-GY, n. Generalship ; the science of military com- 
mand, or the science of directing great military move- 
ments. 

STRATH, 7i. [W. ystrad.] A valley of considerable size, 
through which a river runs. — Jamieson. [Scottish.] 

STRATH'SPEY, n. A lively dance of the Scotch. 

STRAT-I-FI-CITION, n. 1. The process by which sub- 
stances in the earth have been formed into strata or lay- 
ers. 2. The stato of being formed into layers in the earth. 
3. The act of laying in strata. 

STRAT'I-FlED (-fide), pp. or a. Formed into a layer ; ar- 
ranged in strata or layers. 

STRAT'I-FORM, a. In the form of strata'.— Phillips. 

STRAT'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. stratijier, from L. stratum.] 1. To 
form into a layer, as substances in the earth. 2. To lay in 

STRATT-Fy-ING, ppr. Arranging in a layer. 

STRAT-I-GRAPH'I€-AL, a. Belonging to stratography.— 
Sedgwick. 

STRAT-I-GRAPH'I€-AL-LY. adv. In a stratigraphical man- 
ner. — Sedgwick. 

STRA-TOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. arparos and Kparew.] A mili- 
tary government ; government by military chiefs and an 
army.— Guthrie. 

STRA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. arparos and ypa^u.] Descrip- 
tion of armies, or what belongs to an army. 

STRA-TON'IC, a. Pertaining to an army. 

STRA-TOTIC, a. Warlike ; military. 

STRATUM, n.; pi. Stratums or Strata. The latter is 
most common. [L.] 1. In geology and mineralogy, a lay- 
er ; any species of earth, sand, coal, and the like, arranged 
in a flat form, distinct from the adjacent matter. 2. A 
bed or layer artificially made. 

STRa'TUS, n. [L.] In meteorology, a name given to one 
of the four fundamental clouds, from its being spread over 
the face of the 6ky either uniformly or in horizontal lay- 
ers.— Olmsted. 

t STR AUGHT, pp. for stretched.— Chaucer. 

STRAW, n. [Sax. streow ; Ger. stroh ; D. stroo ; Dan. straae ; 
Sw. stra.] 1. The stalk or stem of certain species of grain, 
pulse, &c, chiefly of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, 
and peas. 2. A mass of the stalks of certain species of 
grain when cut, and after being thrashed. 3. Any thing 
proverbially worthless. 

STRAW, v. t. To spread or scatter. See Strew and 
Strow. 

STRAW-BUILT (-bilt), a. Constructed of straw. 

3TRAW-C6L-OR (-kul-lur), n. The color of dry straw; a 
beautiful yellowish color. 

STRAW-C6L-ORED (-kul-lurd), a. Of a light yeDow, the 
color of dry straw. 

STRAW-CROWNED, a. Covered with straw. 

STRAW'-CUT-TER, n. An instrument to cut straw for 
fodder. 

STRAW'-DRaIN, n. A drain filled with straw. 

STRAW-HAT, n. A hat made of braided straw.— Ure. 

STRAW-ROOFED (-rooft), a. Having a roof of straw. 

STRAW-STUFFED (-stuft), a. Stuffed with straw. 



[straw and worm] A worm bred in 



STRAW-W6RM, 
straw. 

STRAWBER-RY, n. [straw and berry; Sax. straw-berie. 
A plant, and its fruit, of the genus fragaria, highly ea 
teemed for the deliciousness of the fruit. 

STRAWBER-RY-TREE, n. An evei green shrub, of the 
genus arbutus ; so called from the resemblance of its fruit 
to the strawberry. 

STRAWY, a. 1. Made of straw ; consisting of straw.- 
Boyle. 2. Like straw ; light. 

STRaY, v. i. [Sax. strcegan, stregan; Ger. streichcn.] 1. To 
wander, as from a direct course ; to turn or go out of the 
way. 2. To wander from company, or from the proper 
limits. 3. To wander from the path of duty or rectitude 
4. To wander; to go at large; to play free and uncoil- 
fined. 5. To wander ; to run a serpentine course. — Syn. 
To deviate ; err ; swerve ; rove ; ramble ; depart. 

t STRAY, v. t. To mislead.— Shak. 

STRaY, n. 1. Any domestic animal that has left an inclos- 
ure and wanders at large, or is lost. 2. The act of wan- 
dering ; [little used.] 

STRIY'ER, n. A wanderer. [Little used.] 

STRaY'ING, ppr. Wandering ; roving ; departing. 

STReAK (streek), n. [Sax. strica, stric ; Ger. strcich ana 
strich ; D. streek.] 1. A line or long mark of a different 
color from the ground ; a stripe. — 2. In a ship, a uniform 
range of planks on the side or bottom, reaching from the 
stem to the stern. — Mar. Diet. ; [sometimes pronounced 
strake.] — 3. In mineralogy, the color and appearance which 
thesurface of a mineral presents when scratched.— Dana. 

STRe AK, v. t. 1. To form streaks or stripes in ; to stripe ; 
to variegate with lines of a diflerent color or of diflerent 
colors. 2. To stretch.— Halliwell ; [not elegant.] Hence, 
perhaps, the vulgar expression to streak it ; i. e., to stretch 
it, for run swiftly. 

STREAKED (streekt or streek'ed), pp. or a. Marked or 
variegated with stripes of a diflerent color. 

STReAK'ING, ppr. Making streaks in. 

STReAK'Y, a. Having stripes ; striped ; variegated with 
fines of a different color. 

STREAM, n. [Sax. stream ; Ger. strom ; D. stroom ; Dan 
strum ; Sw. strom.] 1. A current of water or other fluid ; 
a liquid substance flowing in a line or course, either on 
the earth, as a river or brook, or from a vessel or other 
reservoir or fountain. 2. A river, brook, or rivulet. 3. A 
current of water in the ocean. 4. A current of melted 
metal or other substance. 5. Any thing issuing from a 
source and moving with a continued succession of parts. 

6. A continued current or course, as of weather ; [obs.] 

7. A current of air or gas, or of light. 8. Current ; drift, 
as of opinions or manners. 9. Water. 

STREAM, v. i. 1. To flow ; to move or run in a continuous 
current. 2. To emit ; to pour out in abundance. 3. To 
issue with continuance, not by fits. 4. To issue or shoot 
in streaks. 5. To extend ; to stretch in a long line. 

STREAM, v. t. To mark with colors or embroidery in long 
tracts. 

STReAM'-TIN, ":.. Particles or masses of tin ore found in 
alluvial ground. — Brande. 

STReAM'-W6RF-S, n. pi. Among Cornish miners, alluvial 
deposits of tin ore, ixsually worked in the open air. — Ure. 

STR.E AM'ER, 72. 1. An ensign or flag ; a pennon extended 
or flowing in the wind ; [a poetic use of the word.] 2. A 
luminous beam or column, sometimes called an auroral 
streamer ; one of the forms of the Aurora borealis. 

STREAM'LNG,£p\ or a. 1. Flowing; running in a current. 
2.' Emitting; pouring out in abundance. 3. Flowing; 
floating loosely, as a Has. 

STReAM'LET, n. A small stream ; a rivulet ; a rill. 

STReAM'Y, a. 1. Abounding with running water. 2. Flow 
ing with a current or streak. — Pope. 

f STREEK, v. t. [Sax. streccan.] To lay out, as a dead body. 

STREET, n. [Sax. strate, strete; G. strasse; D. stra at ; Sw. 
strat ; Dan. strcede ; It. strada ; Sp. estrada.] 1. Properly, 
a paved ^ay or road; but in usage, any way or road 
in a city, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a lane or 
alley.'— ~- Among the people of Neto England, any public 
highway. — 3. Streets, plural, any public way, road, or place. 

STKEET-WALK-ER (-wawk-), n. [street and walk.] A 
common prostitute that offers herself to sale in the streets. 

STREET- WARD, n. [street and ward.] Formerly, an offi- 
cer who had the care of the streets.— Cowel. 

t STREIGHT (strate), n. A narrow. See Strait. 

t STREIGHT, adv. Strictly. See Strait. 

STREL'ITZ, n. [Russ.] A soldier of the ancient Muscovite 
militia. — Brande. 

tSTRENE, 7!. Race; offspring.— Chaucer. 

STRENGTH, n. [Sax. strength, from streng, strong.] 1 
That property or quality of an animal body by which it is 
enabled to move itself or other bodies. We say, a man 
has strength to lift a weight, or to draw it. This quality 
is called also power and force. But force is also used to de 
note the effect of strength exerted, or the quantity of rao 



D6VE •—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € &a K , (JasJ; S as Z ; CH as SH TEI as in this, t Obsolete 
Q QO 



STR 



978 



STR 



tion. Strength, in this sense, is positive, or the power of 
producing positive motion or action, and is opposed to 
weakness. 2. Solidity or toughness ; the quality of bodies 
by which they sustain the application of force without 
breaking or yielding. 3. Power or vigor of any kind. 4. 
Power of resisting attacks ; fastness. 5. That which sup- 
ports ; that which supplies strength ; security. 6. Power 
of mind ; intellectual force ; the power of any faculty. 7. 
Spirit; animation. 8. Force of writing; vigor; nervous 
diction; opposed to softness or sweetness. 9. Vividness. 
10. The quality of any liquor which has the power of af- 
fecting the taste, or of producing sensible effects on other 
bodies. 11. The virtue of any vegetable, or of its juices or 
qualities. 12. Legal or moral lorce ; the quality of bind- 
ing, uniting, or securing. 13. Vigor ; natural force. 14. 
That which supports. 15. Amount of force, military or 
naval; an army or navy ; number of troops or ships well 
appointed. 16. Soundness ; force ; the quality that con- 
vinces, persuades, or commands assent. 17. Vehemence 
force proceeding from motion and proportioned to it. 18 
Degree of brightness or vividness. 19. Fortification ; for 
tress ; [obs.] 20. Maintenance of power ; [obs.] — Syn 
Robustness ; toughness ; hardness ; stoutness ; brawni 
ness ; lustiness ; firmness ; puissance ; support ; spirit 
validity ; confidence ; authority. 

t STRENGTH, v. t. To strengthen. 

STRENGTHEN (strength'n), v. t. 1. To make strong or 
stronger ; to add strength to, either physical, legal, or 
moral ; as, to strengthen the system ; to strengthen one in 
authority ; to strengthen resolution. 2. To fix in resolu- 
tion. 3. To cause to increase in power or security. — Syn. 
To invigorate ; confirm ; establish ; fortify ; animate ; en- 
courage. 

STRENGTHEN, v. i. To grow strong or stronger. 

STRENGTHENED, pp. Made strong or stronger. 

STRENGTH'EN-ER, n. 1. That which increases strength. 
— 2. In medicine, something which, taken into the system, 
increases vital energy and strength of action. 

STRENGTH'EN-ING, ppr. or a. Increasing strength, physic- 
al or moral ; confirming ; animating. 

STRENGTH'LESS, a. 1. Wanting strength ; destitute of 
power. 2. Wanting spirit. — Boyle ; [little used.~\ 

STREN'U-OUS (stren'yu-us), a. [L. strenuus ; It. strenuo.] 1. 
Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent. 2. Bold, act- 
ive, and vigorous ; valiant, intrepid, and ardent ; vehement. 

STREN'U-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With eager and pressing zeal ; 
ardently. 2. Boldly ; vigorously ; actively. 

STREN'U-OUS-NESS, n. Eagerness ; earnestness ; active 
zeal ; ardor in pursuit of an object. 

STREP'ENT, a. [L. strepens.] Noisy ; loud. — Shenstone. 
[Little used.] 

STREP'ER-OUS, a. [L. strepo.] Loud ; boisterous. [Rare.] 

STRESS, n. [W. trais, treissaw ; Ir. treise.] 1. Force ; urg- 
ency ; pressure ; importance ; that which bears with most 
weight. 2. Force or violence, as of weather. 3. Force ; 
violence ; strain. 

STRESS, v. t. To press ; to urge ; to distress ; to put to 
difficulties. — Spenser. [Little used.] 

STRETCH, v. t. [Sax. strcccan ; D. strekken ; G. strecken ; 
Dan. strekker.] 1. To draw out to greater length ; to ex- 
tend in a line. 2. To extend in breadth. 3. To spread ; 
to expand. 4. To reach ; to extend. 5. To spread ; to 
display. 6. To draw or pull out in length ; to strain. 7. 
To make tense; to strain. 8. To extend mentally. 9. 
To exaggerate ; to extend too far. 

STRETCH, v. i. 1. To be extended ; to be drawn out in 
length or in breadth, or both. 2. To be extended ; to 
spread. 3. To stretch to, is to reach. 4. To be extended 
or to bear extension without breaking, as elastic sub- 
stances. 5. To strain beyond the truth ; to exaggerate. — 6. 
In navigation, to sail ; to direct a course. 7. To make 
violent efforts in running. 

STRETCH, n. 1. Extension in length or in breadth ; reach. 
2. Effort ; struggle ; strain. 3. Force of body ; straining. 
4. Utmost extent of meaning. 5. Utmost reach of power. 
— S. In sailing, a tack ; the reach or extent of progress on 
one tack. 7. Course ; direction. 

STRETCHED (strecht), pp. or a. Drawn out in length ; 
extended ; exerted to the utmost. 

STRETCHER, n. 1. He or that which stretches, a. A 
brick or stone laid with its longer face in the surface o? 
the wall.— Gwilt. 3. A piece of timber in building. 4. A 
narrow piece of plank placed across a boat for the rowers 
to set their feet against. 
STRETCHING, ppr. Drawing out in length ; extending ; 

spreading ; exerting force. 
t STREW (stru or stro), v. t. [Goth, strawan ; Sax. streaw- 
ian, streowian ; G. streuen ; D. strooijen ; Dan. strder ; Sw. 
strb.\ 1. To scatter; to spread by scattering; [always ap- 
plied to dry substances separable into parts or particles.] 2. 
To spread by being scattered over. 3. To scatter loosely. 

■■" STREWED, pp. 1. Scattered; spread by scattering. 2. 
Covered or sprinkled with something scattered. 



* STREWING, ppr. Scattering ; spreading over. 

* STREWING, ~n. 1. The act of scattering or epreadin. 
over. 2. Any thing fit to be strewed. — Shak. 

*t STREW'MENT, n. Any thing scattered in decoration. 

STRl'iE, n. pi. [L.] 1. In natural history, small channels o. 
thread-like lines in the shells of cockles and in other sub 
stances. 2. The fillets between the flutes of columns 
pilasters, &c. — Gloss, of Archit. 

STRIATE, > a. 1.. Formed with small channels ; chan 

STRl'A-TED, > neled.— 2. In natural history, streaked 
marked or scored with superficial or very slender lines 
marked with fine parallel lines. 

STRl-I'TlON, n. The state of being striated or marked 
with fine parallel lines. 

STRlA-TURE. See Striation. 

t STRIGK, n. [Gr. arpii, ; L. strix.] A bird of ill omen. 

STRICK'EN, #p. of strike. 1. Struck; smitten.— Spenser. 2 
Advanced ; worn ; far gone ; [obs.] 

STRICK'LE, n. 1. A strike ; an instrument to strike graiE 
to a level with the measure. [In the United States, the 
word strike is used.] 2. An instrument for whetting scythes. 

STRICT, a. [L. strictus.] 1. Strained ; drawn close ; tight; 
as, a strict embrace. 2. Tense ; not relaxed. 3. Rigorous- 
ly nice. 4. Governed or governing by exact rules ; ob- 
serving exact rules. 5. Characterized by rigor ; not mild 
or indulgent. 6. Confined; limited; not with latitude 
Syn. Exact ; accurate ; nice ; close ; ligorous ; severe 

STRICTLY, adv. 1. Closely; tightly. 2. Exactly; with 
nice accuracy. 3. Positively. 4. Rigorously ; severely ; 
without remission or indulgence. 

STRICTNESS, n. 1. Closeness; tightness; opposed to 
laxity. 2. Exactness in the observance of rules, laws, rites, 
and the like ; rigorous accuracy ; nice regularity or pre 
cision. 3. Rigor; severity. 

STRICTURE (strikfyur), n. [L. strictura ] 1. A stroke ; a 
glance ; a to\ich. 2. A touch of criticism ; critical remark ; 
animadversion ; censure. 3. A drawing ; a spasmodic or 
other morbid contraction of any passage of the body. 

STRIDE, n. [Sax. strade.] A long step.— Swift. 

STRIDE, v. i. ; pret. strid, strode ; pp. strid, stridden. 1. T* 
walk with long steps. 2. To straddle. 

ST,RlDE, v. t. To pass over at a step. — Arbuthnot. 

STRIDING, ppr. Walking with long steps ; passing ot*j* 
at a step. 

STRi'DOR, n. [L.] A harsh, creaking noise, or a crack. 

STRIDUT-LOUS, a. [L. stridulus.] Making a small, harsfc 
sound, or a creaking. — Brown. 

STRIFE, n. [Norm, estrif] 1. Exertion or contention foi 
superiority ; contest of emulation, either by intellectual oi 
physical efforts. 2. Contention in anger or enmity ; dis- 
cord ; contest ; struggle for victory ; . conflict ; quarrel oi 
war. 3. Opposition ; contrariety ; contrast. 4. The agi 
tation produced by different qualities ; [little used.] 

STRlFE'FUL, a. Contentious ; discordant. — Spenser. 

STRlG'IL, n. [L.] Among the ancients, an instrument oi 
metal, ivory, or horn, used for scraping the skin at the 
bath. — Smith's Diet. 

t STRIG'MENT, n. [L. strigmentum.] Scraping ; that which 
is scraped off. — Brown. 

STRI-G5SE', ? a. [L. strigosus.] In botany, a strigous leaf 

STRl'GOUS, ) is one set with stiff, lanceolate bristles. 

STRIKE, v. t. ; pret. struck ; pp. struck and stricken ; but 
struck is in the most common use. Strook is wholly obso- 
lete. [Sax. astrican ; D. stryken ; G. streichen.] 1. To 
touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or ai 
instrument; to give a blow to. 2. To dash; to throw 
with a quick motion. 3. To stamp ; to impress ; to coin. 
4. To thrust in ; to cause to enter or penetrate. 5. To 
punish ; to afflict. 6. To cause to sound ; to notify by 
sound. — 7. In seamanship, to lower ; to let down ; as, to 
strike sail. 8. To impress strongly ; to aft'ect sensibly 
with strong emotion. 9. To make and ratify. 10. T( 
produce by a sudden action. 11. To affect in some par 
ticular manner by a sudden impression or impulse. 12 
To level a measure of grain, salt, or the like, by scraping 
oft' with a straight instrument what is above the level of 
the top. 13. To lade into a cooler. — Edwards, West Indies. 
14. To be advanced or worn with age ; [used, in the parti- 
ciple.] 15. To run on ; to ground, as a ship. — To strike up. 
1. To cause to sound; to begin to beat. 2. To begin to 
sing or play. — To strike off. 1. To erase from an account; 
to deduct. 2. To impress ; to print. 3. To separate by a 
blow or any sudden action. — To strike out. 1. To produce 
by collision; to force out. 2. To blot out; to efface; tc 
erase. 3. To form sometbing new by a quick effort ; tc 
devise ; to invent ; to contrive. 

STRIKE, v. i. 1. To make a quick blow or thrust. 2. To 
hit; to collide ; to dash against; to clash. 3. To sound 
by percussion ; to be struck. 4. To make an attack. 5 
To hit ; to touch ; to act on by appulse. 6. To sound 
with blows. 7. To ran upon ; to be stranded. 8. To pass 
with a quick or strong effect ; to dart ; to penetrate. 9. 
To lower a flag or colors in token of respect, or to 6ignifj 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, g, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, Bi RD :-- -MOVE, BOOK, 



STR 



979 



STR 



a surrender of the ship to an enemy. 10. To break forth ; 
[obs.] — To strike in, to enter suddenly ; also, to recede 
from the surface, as an eruption ; to disappear. — To strike 
in vrith, to conform to ; to suit itself to ; to join with at 
once. — To strike out, to wander ; to make a sudden excur- 
sion. — To strike, among workmen in manufactories in En- 
gland, is to quit work in a body or by combination, in or- 
der to compel their employers to raise their wages. 

•5TRIKE; n. 1. An instrument with a straight edge for lev- 
eling a measure of grain, salt, and the like, for scraping 
off what is above the level of the top ; [America.] 2. A 
bushel; four pecks.— Tusser ; [local] 3. A measure of 
four bushels, or half a quarter ; [local.] 4. The act of com- 
bining and demanding higher wages for work; [modern 
English.]— 5. In geology, the direction in which the edge 
of a stratum appears at the surface. — Strike of flax, a hand- 
fulthat may be hackled at once ; [local.] 

STRlKE'-BLOCK, n. [strike and block.] A plane shorter 
than a jointer, used for shooting a short joint. — Moxen. 

STRIKER n. 1. One who strikes, or that which strikes.— 
2. In Scripture, a quarrelsome man. — Tit., L 

STRlKTNG, ppr. 1. Hitting with a blow ; impressing ; im- 
printing ; punishing; lowering, as sails or a mast, &c. 2. a. 
Affecting with strong emotions ; surprising ; forcible ; im- 
pressive. 3. Strong ; exact ; adapted to make impression. 

STRlK'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner as to affect or sur- 
prise ; forcibly ; strongly ; impressively. 

STRlKTNG-NESS, n. The quality of affecting or surprising. 

STRING, n. [Sax. string; D., Dan. streng ; G. Strang.] 1. 
A small rope, line, or cord r or a slender strip of leather or 
other like substance, used for fastening or tying things. 2. 
A ribbon. 3. A thread on which any thing is filed ; and 
hence, a line of things. 4. The chord of a musical instru- 
ment, as of a harpsichord, harp, or violin. 5. A fibre, as 
of a plant 6. A nerve or tendon of an animal body. 7. 
The line or cord of a bow. 8. A series of things connect- 
ed or following in succession ; any concatenation of things. 
— 9. In ship-building, the highest range of planks in a ship's 
ceiling, or that between the gunwale and the upper edge 
of the upper deck ports.— Mar. Diet. 10. The tough sub- 
stance that unites the two parts of the pericarp of legumin- 
ous plants. — 11. Among Cornish miners, the name of small 
filamentous ramifications of a metallic vein. Ure. — To have 
two strings to the bow, to have two expedients ; to have a 
double advantage, or to have two views. [ The latter sense 
is rare.] 

STRING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. strung. 1. To furnish with 
2. To put in tune a stringed instrument. 3. To 
; to put on a line. 4. To make tense ; to strengthen. 
5. To deprive of strings. 

STRING'-BOARD, n. A board with its face next the well- 
hole in a wooden stair-case, which receives the end of the 
steps. — Brande. 

STRING'-CoURSE, n. A projecting horizontal band or line 
of moldings in a building. — Gloss, of Ar chit. 

STRING'-HALT, n. [string and halt.) A sudden twitching 
of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convul- 
sive motion of the muscles that extend or bend the hough ; 
sometimes corrupted into spring-halt. 

STRING'-PIECE, n. A piece of timber in bridges. 

STRINGED, a. 1. Having strings. 2. Produced by strings. 

STRIN'GENT, a. Binding strongly ; urgent. 

STRING'I-NESS, n. The state of being stringy. 

STRINGING, ppr. Furnishing with strings ; putting in tune ; 
filing ; making tense ; depriving of strings. 

STRING'LESS, n. Having no strings.— Shak. 

STRINGY, a. 1. Consisting of strings or swall threads ; 
fibrous ; filamentous. 2. Ropy ; viscid ; gluey ; that may 
be drawn into a thread. 

STRIP, v. t. [G. streifen ; D. streepen ; Dan. striber and strip- 
per ; Sax. bestrypan.] 1. To pull or tear off, as a covering 

2. To deprive of a covering ; to skin ; to peeL 3. To de 
prive ; to bereave ; to make destitute. 4. To divest. 5 
To rob ; to plunder ; to pillage. 6. To bereave ; to de 
prive ; to impoverish. 7. To deprive ; to make bare by 
cutting, grazing, or other means. 8. To pull off husks . 
to husk ; [America.] 9. To press out the last milk at a 
milking. — Halliwell. 10. To unrig, as a vessel. 11. To pare 
off the surface of land in strips, and turn over the strips 
upon the adjoining surface. 

STRIP, n. [G. streif; D. streep ; Dan. stribe.] 1. A narrow 
piece, comparatively long. 2. [Norm, estrippe.] Waste, 
[in a legal sense ;] destruction of fences, buildings, timber, 
&c. ; [Massachusetts.] 

STRIPE, n. 1. A line or long, narrow division of any thing, 
of a different color from the ground. 2. A strip, or long, 
narrow piece attached to something of a different color. 

3. The wala, or long, narrow mark discolored by a lash or 
rod. 4. A stroke made with a lash, whip, rod, strap, or 
scourge. 5. Affliction; punishment; sufferings. 

STRIPE, v. t. 1. To make stripes ; to form with lines of 
different colors ; to variegate with stripes. 2. To strike ; 
to lash ; [little used.] 



STRIP.ED (stript), pp. 1. Formed with lines of different 
colors. 2. a. Having stripes of different colors. 

STRlPTNG, ppr. Forming with stripes. 

STRIP'LING, n. [from strip, stripe.] A youth in the state 
of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood ; 
a lad. 

STRIPPED (stript), pp. Pulled or torn off ; skinned ; de- 
prived ; divested ; made naked ; impoverished ; husked. 

STRIPTER n. One who strips. 

STRIP'PING, ppr. Pulling off; pealing; skinning; flaying, 
depriving; divesting; husking. 

STRIP'PlNGS, 7i. pi. The last milk drawn from a cow at a 
milking. — Halliwell. [Various dialects ; New England.] 

STRIVE, v. i. ; pret. strove; pp. striven. [G. streben ; D. 
streeven ; Sw. strafva ; Dan. straber.] 1. To make efforts ; 
to use exertions with earnestness ; to labor hard. 2. To 
struggle in opposition to another ; to be in contention or 
dispute. 3. To oppose by contrariety of qualities. 4. To 
be comparable to ; to contend in excellence. — Syn. To 
contend ; vie ; emulate ; struggle ; endeavor ; aim ; con- 
test 

STRIV'ER, n. One who strives or contends ; one who 
makes efforts of body or mind. 

STRIVING, ppr. Making efforts ; exerting the powers oi 
body or mind with earnestness ; contending. 

STRIVING, n. The act of making efforts ; contest ; con- 
tention. 

STPvlV'ING-LY, adv. With earnest eflbrts ; with struggles 

STRIX, n. [L., an owl.] A channel in a fluted column. 

STRoAM, v. i. To wander about idly and vacantly. 

STROB'IL, n. [L. strobilus.] In botany, an ament, the car- 
pels of which are scale-like, spread open, and bear naked 
seeds, as in the fruit of the pines. — Lindley. 

STRO-BIL'I-FORM, a. [L. strobihis and forma.] Shaped 
like a strobil. 

STRo'-SAL, \n. An instrument used by glass-makers to 

STRO'KAL, 3 empty the metal from one pot to another. 



t STROKE. 



for struck. 



t STROOK, 

STROKE, n. [from strike.] 1. A blow ; the striking of one 
body against another. 2. A hostile blow or attack. 3. A 
sudden attack of disease or affliction ; calamity. 4. Fatal 
attack, as of death. 5. The sound of the clock. 6. The 
touch of a pencil. 7. A touch ; a masterly effort. 8. Ad 
effort suddenly or unexpectedly produced. 9. Power 
efficacy. — Dryden ; [obs.] 10. Series of operations ; as, to 
carry on a great stroke in business ; [a common use of th* 
word.] 11. A dash in writing or printing ; a line ; a touch 
of the pen. — 12. In seamen's language, the sweep of an oar 
in rowing. 

STROKE, v. t. [Sax. stracan ; Sw. stryka.] 1. To rub gently 
with the hand by way of expressing kindness or tender- 
ness; to soothe. 2. To rub gently in one direction. 3 
To make smooth. 

STROKED (strbkt), pp. Rubbed gently with the hand. 

STRoK'ER, n. One who strokes ; one who pretends to 
cure by stroking. 

STR.OKES'MAN, n. In rowing, the man who rows the aft- 
most oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest. 

STROKING, ppr. Rubbing gently with the hand. 

STRoLL, v. i. [formed, probably, on troll, roll.] To wan- 
der on foot ; to ramble idly or leisurely. — Syn. To rove ; 
roam ; range ; stray. 

STROLL, n. A wandering on foot ; a walking idly and leis- 
urely. 

STROLL'ER, n. One who strolls ; a vagabond ; a vagrant 
— Swift. 

STROLLING, ppr. Roving idly ; rambling on foot 

STRO-MATIC, a. [Gr. oruua.] Miscellaneous ; composed oi 
different kinds. 

i STROM'BlTE, n. A petrified shell of the genus strombus. 

STROM-Bu'LI-FORM, a. In geology, formed like a top. 

STROM'BUS, n. [L.] A genus of marine gastropodous mol- 
lusks, having the external border or lip dilated into a wing. 
— Cuvier. 

STROM'EY-ER-ITE. n. [From M. Stromeyer.] A steel-gray 
ore. of silver, consisting of sulphur, silver, and copper. — 
Dana. 

STROND, a. The beach. [Little used.] See Strand. 

STRONG, a. [Sax. strong, Strang, or streng ; from the lat- 
ter is formed strength; G. strenge ; D., Dan. streng ; Sw. 
Strang.] 1. Having physical, active power, or great phys- 
ical power; having the power of exerting great bodily 
force. 2. Having physical, passive power Shaving ability 
to bear or endure. 3. Well fortified ; able to sustain at- 
tacks ; not easily subdued or taken. 4. Having great mil- 
itary or naval force. 5. Having great wealth^ mean*, or 
resources. 6. Moving with rapidity ; as, a strong wind. 
7. Hale ; sound; healthy. 8. Adapted to make a deep or 
effectual impression on the mind or imagination. 9. Char- 
acterized by order and zeal ; earnestly engaged. 10. Hav 
ing virtues of great efficacy ; or having a particular quali- 
ty in a great degree. 11. Full of spirit ; intoxicating. 12 



D&VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— 4N"GER Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



STR 



980 



STU 



; Affecting the sight forcibly. 13. Affecting the taste forci- 
bly. 14. Affecting the smell powerfully. 15. Not of easy 
digestion ; solid. 16. Well established ; firm ; not easily 
overthrown or altered. 17. Characterized by great earn- 
estness ; as, strong crying. 18. Able ; furnished with 
abilities. 19. Having great force of mind, of intellect, or 
of any faculty. 20. Having great force ; comprising much 
in few words. 21. Bright ; glaring ; vivid. 22. Powerful 
to the extent of force named. — Syn. Vigorous ; powerful ; 
stout ; robust ; solid ; firm ; hardy ; muscular ; forcible ; 
cogent; valid. 

STRONG'-€6L-OR£D (-kul-lurd), a. Having strong colors. 

STRONG'-FIST-ED, a. [strong and fist.} Having a strong 
hand ; muscular. — Arbuthnot. 

STRONG'-HAND, n. [strong and hand.] Violence ; force ; 
power. — Raleigh. 

STRONG'-HAND-ED, a. Having strong hands, or having 
many hands for the execution of a work. 

STRONG'-HoLD, n. [strong and hold.] A fastness ; a fort ; 
a fortified place ; a place of security. 

STRONG'-MlND-ED, a. Having a vigorous mind.— Scott. 

STRONG'-SET, a. Firmly set or compacted. 

STRONG'-VOIC£D (-voist), a. Having great strength of 
voice. 
STRONG'-WA-TER, n. Distilled or ardent spirit. 

STRON"GER, a. comp. of strong. Having more strength. 

8TRON"GEST, a. superl. of strong. Having most strength. 

STRONG'LY, adv. 1. With strength ; with great force or 
power ; forcibly. 2. Firmly ; in a manner to resist attack. 
3. Vehemently; forcibly; eagerly. 

STRONTIAN, In. [from Strontian, in Argyleshire.J An 

STRONTIA, 5 earth which, when pure and dry, is per- 
fectly white, and resembles barytes. 

STRON-TlTie } a - Pertahmi g t0 strontian. 

STRONTIAN-ITE, n. Carbonate of strontian, a mineral. 

STRON-TTTeS, n. Strontian, which see. 

STRONTIUM, 7i. The base of strontian.— Davy. 

\ STROQK, for struck. 

STROP, n. 1. A strap, which see. This orthography is 
particularly used for a strip of leather used for sharpening 
razors and giving them a fine, smooth edge ; a razor-strop. 
2. [Sp. estrovo.] A piece of rope spliced into a circular 
wreath, and put round a block for hanging it. 

STROP, v. t. To draw over a strop with a view to sharpen. 
— Gardner. 

f 3 TRo'PHE, n. [Fr. strophe ; It. strofa, strofe.] In the ancient 
theatre, that part of a song or dance around the altar which 
was performed by turning from the right to the left. It 
was succeeded by the antistrophe in a contrary direction. 
Hence, in ancient lyric poetry, the former of two stanzas 
was called the strophe, and the latter the antistrophe. To 
these an epode was sometimes added. 

STRo'PHI-O-LATE, \a. [L. strophium, a garland.] Fur- 

STRo'PHI-O-LI-TED, > nished with a garland, or that 
which resembles a garland. — Smith. 

I STROUT, v. i. [for strict.] To swell ; to puff out— Bacon. 

STRoVE, pret. of strive. 

STRoW is only a different orthography of strew. See 
Strew. 

J STR5WL, for stroll. See Stroll. 

f STROY, for destroy. See Destroy. 

STRUCK, pret. and pp. of strike. See Strike. 

tSTRUCK'-EN, the old pp. of strike. 

STRUCTUR-AL, a. Pertaining to structure. — Marshall 
Hall. 

STRUCTURE (strukfyur), n. [Fr. ; L. structura.] 1. Act 
of building ; practice of erecting buildings ; [rarely used.] 
2. Manner of building ; form ; make ; construction. 3. 
Manner of organization of animals and vegetables, &c. 4. 
A building of any kind, but chiefly a building of some size 
or of magnificence ; an edifice ; a fabric. — 5. In mineralo- 
gy, the particular arrangement of the integrant particles or 
molecules of a mineral. 

STOBDE I n ' A stock ot " breeding mares. — Bailey. 

STRUGGLE (strug'gl), v. i. [This word may be formed on 
the root of stretch, right, Sec. In W. ystreiglaw is to turn.] 
1. Properly, to make efforts with a twisting or with con- 
tortions of the body. 2. To use great efforts or exertions. 
i. To use exertions in pain or anguish ; to be in agony ; 
to pat forth efforts in any kind of difficulty or distress. — 
Syn. To strive ; to contend ; to labor ; to endeavor. 

•STRUGGLE, n. 1. Great labor ; forcible effort to obtain 
an object, or to avoid an evil ; properly, a violent effort 
with contortions of the body. 2. Contest ; contention ; 
strife. 3. Agony ; contortions of extreme distress. 

STRUG'GLER, n. One who struggles, strives, or contends. 

STRUG'GLING, ppr. or a. Making great efforts ; using vio- 
lent exertions ; affected with contortions. 

STRUG'GLING, n. The act of striving ; vehement or earn- 
est effort 

STRu'MA, n, [L.] Scrofula ; the king's evil. 



STRU'MOUS, a. Scrofulous ; having struma. 

STRUM'PET, n. [Ir. stribrid, striopach.] A prostitute 

STRUM'PET, a. Like a strumpet ; false ; inconstant 

STRUM'PET, v. t. To debauch.— Shak. 

STRUNG, pret. of string. 

STRUT, v. i. [G. strotzen ; Dan. strutter.] 1. To walk with 
a lofty, proud gait and erect head ; to walk with affected 
dignity. 2. To swell ; to protuberate ; [obs.] 

t STRUT, v. t. To swell out ; to make tumid. 

STRUT, n. 1. A lofty, proud step or walk, with the head 
erect ; affectation of dignity in walking. — 2. In architecture, 
a piece of timber obliquely placed from a king or queeu 
post to support a rafter, sometimes called a brace. — Brands 

STRu'THI-OUS, a. [L. struthio.} Pertaining to or like the 
ostrich ; belonging to the ostrich tribe. 

STRUTTER, n. One who struts.— Steffi. 

STRUTTING, ppr. Walking with a lofty gait. 

STRUTTING, n. The act of walking with a proud gait. 

STRUTTING-LY, adv. With a proud, lofty step. 

STRYCH'NI-A, } n. [Gr. crpvxvos .] A vegetable alkaloid, 

STRYCH'NI-N A, \ the active principle of strychnos Tieute, 

STRYCHNINE, $ the most active of the Java poisons, 
and one of the active principles of strychnos Ignatii, strych- 
nos nux-vomica, &c. It has an intensely bitter taste, and 
is a most valuable medicine. 

STUB, n. [Sax. steb ; Dan. stub ; Sw. stubbe.} 1. The stump 
of a tree ; that part of the stem of a tree which remains 
fixed in the earth when the tree is cut down. 2. A log ; 
a block ; [obs.] 

STUB, v. t. 1. To grub up by the roots ; to extirpate. 2. 
To strike the toes against a stump, stone, or other fixed 
object. [New England.] 

STUB'-NIIL, n. A nail broken off ; a short, thick nail. 

STUB'BED, a. [Sw. stubbig.] 1. Short and thick, like some 
thing truncated ; blunt ; obtuse. 2. Hardy ; not nice or 
delicate. — Berkeley. 

STUB'BED-NESS, n. Bluntness ; obtuseness. 

STUB'BING, ppr. Grubbing up by the roots ; extirpating. 

STUB'BLE (stubTA), n. [D., G. stoppel ; Sw. stubb ; L. stipu 
la.] The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat 
left in the ground ; the part of the stalk left by the scythe 
or sickle. 

STUB'BLE-GOOSE, n. A goose fed among stubble. 

STUB'BLE-RaKE, n. A rake with long teeth for raking to 
gether stubble. 

STUB'BORN. a. [from stub or stiff. Chaucer writes it stib 
borne.] 1. Inflexibly fixed in opinion ; not to be moved 
or persuaded by reasons. 2. Persevering ; persisting ; 
steady; constant. 3. Not flexible. 4. Enduring withoul 
complaint. 5. Harsh ; rough ; rugged ; [rare.] 6. Not 
easily melted or worked. 7. Obstinately resisting com- 
mand, the goad, or the whip. — Syn. Obstinate ; inflexible ; 
obdurate; headstrong; stiff; hardy; firm; refractory; in- 
tractable ; rugged ; contumacious ; neady. 

STUB'BORN-LY, adv. Obstinately ; inflexibly. 

STUB'BORN-NESS, n. 1. Perverse and unreasonable ol> 
stinacy. 2. Want of pliancy. 3. Refractoriness, as of 
ores. — Syn. Inflexibility; pertinacity; obdurateness ; con- 
tumacy ; perverseness ; persistency ; sulkiness ; refracto- 
riness. 

STUB'BY, a. [from stub.] 1. Abounding with stubs. 2. 
Short and thick ; short and strong. — Grew. 

STUCCO, n. [It. ; Fr. stuc ; Sp. estuco.] 1. A general name 
for plaster of any kind used as a coating for walls ; partic- 
ularly, a fine plaster composed of lime or gypsum, with 
sand and pounded marble, used for internal decorations, 
&c. 2. Work made of stucco. 

STUCCO, v. t. To plaster ; to overlay with fine plaster. 

STUCCoJED (stuk'kode), pp. or a. Overlaid with stucco 

STUCCO-ER, n. One versed in stucco-work. 

STUCCO-ING, ppr. Plastering with stucco. 

STUCK, pret. and pp. of stick. — Pope. , 

t STUCK, n. A thrust— Shak. 

STUCK'LE (stukl), n. [from stook.] A number of sheave*? 
set together in the field. [Scottish.] 

STUD, n. [Sax. stod, studu ; Ice. stod ; D. stut ; Sw. stod.\ 
1. In building, a small piece of timber or joist inserted in 
the sills and beams, between the posts, to support the 
beams or other main timbers. 2. A nail with a large head 
inserted in work chiefly for ornament ; an oraamenta) 
knob. 3. A collection of breeding horses and mares ; oi 
the place where they are kept. 4. An ornamental button 
for a shirt-bosom, &c. 

STUD, v. t. 1. To adorn with shining studs or knobs. 2 
To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects. 

STUD'-HORSE, n. [Sax. stod-hors ; Low L. stotarius.} A 
breeding horse ; a horse kept for propagating his kind. 

STUD'DED, pp. 1. Adorned with studs. 2. Set with de- 
tached ornaments. 

STUD'DING, ppr. Setting or adorning with studs. 

STUD'DING-SaIL, n. In navigation, a light sail that is «e* 
temporarily outside of the principal or square sails of b 
vessel. — Totten. 



* .S&ae Synops 



K. I. <fce. loim _x. £, I. &.c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BQQK, 



STU 



981 



STU 



STc'DENT, n. [L. studens, studeo.] 1. A person engaged in 
etudy ; one who is devoted to learning, either in a semina- 
ry or in private ; a scholar. 2. A man devoted to books ; 
a bookish man. 3. One who studies or examines. 

STO'DENT-SHIP, n. The state of being a student. 

STUDIED (stud'did), pp. [from study.] 1. Read ; closely 
examined ; read with diligence and attention ; well con- 
sidered. 2. a. Learned ; well versed in any branch of 
learning ; qualified by study. 3. Premeditated. 4. Hav- 
ing a particular inclination ; [obs.] 

] STUD'I^D-LY (stud'did-le), adv. With care and attention. 
— Life of Meat. 

STUD'I-ER, n. [from study.] One who studies ; a student 

STu'DI-O, n. [It.] The work-shop of a sculptor : sometimes, 
though less properly, applied to the work-shop of a paint- 
er. — Jocelyn. 

' STO'DI-OUS, a. [Fr. studieux ; L. studiosus.] 1. Given to 
books or to learning ; devoted to the acquisition of knowl- 
edge from books. 2. Contemplative ; thoughtful ; given 
to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contem- 
plation. 3. Diligent; eager to discover something, or to 
effect some object ; zealous. 4. Attentive to ; careful : 
with of. 5. Planned with study ; deliberate. 6. Favora- 
ble to study ; suitable for thought and contemplation. — 
Wilton ; [rare.] 

- STu'DI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With study; with close atten- 
tion to books. 2. With diligent contemplation. 3. Dili- 
gently ; with zeal and earnestness. 4. Carefully ; atten- 
tively. 

*ST0'DI-OUS-NESS, n. The habit or practice of study; 
addictedness to books. 

STUDT. n. [Fr. etude ; L. studium.] 1. Literally, a setting 
of the mind or thoughts upon a subject ; hence, applica- 
tion of mind to books, to arts or science, or to any subject, 
for the purpose of learning what is not before known. 2. 
Attention ; meditation ; contrivance. 3. Any particular 
branch of learning that is studied. 4. Subject of atten- 
tion. 5. A building or an apartment devoted to study or 
to literary employment. 6. Deep cogitation ; perplexity ; 
[little used.] — 7. In painting and sculpture, a work under- 
taken for improvement in the art, and usually left incom- 
plete. 

STUD'Y, v. i. [L. studeo.] 1. To fix the mind closely upon 
a subject ; to muse ; to dwell upon in thought. 2. To ap- 
ply the mind to books. 3. To endeavor diligently. 

STUD'Y, v. t. 1. To apply the mind to ; to read and exam- 
ine for the purpose of learning and understanding. 2. To 
consider attentively; to examine closely. 3. To form or 
arrange by previous thought ; to con over ; or to commit 
to memory. 

S TUDT-ING, ppr. Applying the mind to ; reading and ex- 
amining closely. 

STO'FA, n. [It., a stove.] A jet of steam issuing from a 
fissure in the earth. 

STUFF, n. [D. stof stoffe ; G. stoff; Dan. stuv ; Sw. stoft.] 1. 
A mass of matter, indefinitely ; or a collection of sub- 
stances. 2. The matter of which any thing is formed ; 
materials. 3. Furniture ; goods ; domestic vessels in gen- 
eral ; [nearly obs.] 4. That which fills any thing. 5. Es- 
sence ; elemental part. 6. A medicine. — Skak. ; "[vulgar.] 
7. Cloth ; fabrics of the loom ; as, woolen stuffs. 8. Mat- 
ter or thing ; particularly, that which is trilling or worth- 
less. — 9. Among seamen, a melted mass of turpentine, tal- 
low, &c, with which the masts, sides, and bottom of a 
ship are smeared. 

STUFF, v. t. 1. To fill. 2. To fill very full ; to crowd. 3. 
To thrust in ; to crowd : to press. 4. To fill by being put 
into any thing 5. To swell or cause to bulge out by put- 
ting something in. 6. To fill with something improper. 
7. To obstruct as any of the organs. 8. To fill meat 
with seasoning. 9. To fill the skin of a dead animal for 
presenting and preserving his form. 10. To form by 
filling 

STUFF, v. i. To feed gluttonously.— Swift. 

STUFFED (stuft), pp. or a. Filled ; crowded , crammed. 

STUFFING, ppr. Filling; crowding. 

STUFFING, n. 1. That which is used for filling any thing. 
2. Seasoning for meat ; that which is put into meat to give 
it a higher relish. 

I STuKE, for stucco. 

STULM n. A shaft to draw water out of a mine. — Bailey. 

STULP, n. A post— Halliwell. [Local.] 

STUL'TI-FIED (-fide), pp. Made foolish. 

STUL'TI-FY, v. i. [L. stultus and facto.] 1. To make fool- 
ish ; to make one a fool. — 2. In law, to allege or prove to 
be insane, for avoiding some act. 

STUL'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Making foolish. 

STUL-TIL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. stultus and loquentia.] Fool- 
ish talk ; a babbling.— Diet. 

STUL-TIL'O-QUY, n. [L. stultiloquium.] Foolish talk ; silly 
discourse ; babbling. — Taylor. 

STUM, n. [D. stom, stum ; G. stumm ; Dan., Sw. stum.] 1, 
Must; wine unfermented. 2. New wine used to raise 



fermentation in dead or vapid wines. 3. Wine revivec 
by a new fermentation. 

STUM, v. t. 1. To renew wine by mixing must with it. ana 
raising a new fermentation. 2. To fume a cask of liquoi 
with burning brimstone ; [local.] 

STUM'BLE (stum'bl), v. i. [Ice. stumra.] 1. To trip in walk- 
ing or moving in any way upon the leg? ; to strike the foot 
so as to fall, or to endanger a fall. 2 To err ; to slide into 
a crime or an error. 3. To strike upon without design , 
to fall on ; to light on by chance. 

STUM'BLE, v. l. 1. To obstruct in progress ; to cause to 
trip or stop. 2. To confound ; to puzzle ; to put to a non- 
plus ; to perplex. 

STUM'BLE, n. 1. A trip in walking or running. 2. A blun- 
der ; a failure. 

STUM'BLED (stum'bld), pp. Obstructed ; puzzled. 

STUM'BLER, n. One who stumbles or makes a blunder. 

STUM'BLING, ppr. or a. Tripping ; erring ; puzzling. 

STUM'BLING-BLOCK, \ n. Any cause of stumbling • that 

STUM'BLING-SToNE, j which causes to err. 

STUM'BLING-LY, adv. In a stumbling manner. 

STUMMED (stumd), pp. Renewed by mixing must with It 
and raising a new fermentation. 

STUMP, n. [Sw., Dan. stump ; Dan. stumper ; D. stomp ; G. 
stumpf] 1. The stub of a tree ; the part of a tree remain- 
ing in the earth after the tree is cut down, or the part of 
any plant left in the earth by the scythe or sickle. 2. The 
part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is 
amputated or destroyed. Swift. — Stumps, pi., legs ; as, to 
stir one's stumps. Halliwell. — To take the stump, or to stu?np 
it, denotes, in the Western States, to make public addresses 
for electioneering purposes ; a phrase derived from the 
speaker's originally mounting a stump in making his ad- 
dress. 

STUMP, v. t. 1. To strike any thing fixed and hard with 
the toe ; [vulgar.] 2. To challenge ; [vulgar.] 

STUMP'-OR'A-TOR, n. A man who harangues the popu- 
lace from the stump of a tree, or other elevation. [Am.] 

STUMP'-OR'A-TO-RY, n. An electioneering speech from a 
stump or other elevation. [Am.] 

STUMPED (stumpt), pp. 1. Struck hard with the toe. 2. 
Challenged. 

STUMP'Y, a. 1. Full of stumps. 2. Hard ; strong ; [rare.] 
3. Short and thick ; stubby. — Todd; [little used.] 

STUN, v. t. [Sax. stunian ; Fr. etonner.] 1. To make sense-, 
less or dizzy with a blow on the head. 2. To overpower 
the sense of hearing ; to blunt or stupefy the organs of 
hearing. 3. To confound or make dizzy by loud and min- 
gled sound. 

STUNG, pret. and pp. of sting. 

STUNK, pret. of stink. 

STUNNED (stund), pp. Having the sense of hearing over- 
powered : confounded with noise. 

STUN'NING, ppr. or a. Overpowering the organs of hear- 
ing ; confounding with noise. 

STUNT, v. t. [Ice. stunta; Sax. stintan stunt.] To hinder 
from growth. — Swift. 

STUNT'ED, pp. or a. Hindered from growth or increase. 

STUNTED-NESS, n. The state of being stunted. 

STUNT'ING, ppr. Hindering from growth or increase. 

STOPE, n. [L. stupa.] Cloth or flax dipped in warm med- 
icaments and applied to a hurt or sore ; fermentation ; 
sweating-bath. 

STuPE, v. t. To foment— Wiseman. 

t STuPE, n. A stupid person. 

STU-PE-FAC'TION, n. [L. stupefacio.] 1. The act of ren- 
dering stupid. 2. A stupid or senseless state ; insensibil- 
ity; dullness; torpor; stupidity. 

STU-PE-F ACTIVE, a. Causing insensibility ; deadening or 
blunting_the sense of feeling or understanding. 

STOTE-FlED, pp. or a. Made dull or stupid"; having the 
perception or understanding blunted. 

STu'PE-Fl-ER, n. [from stupefy.] That which causes dull- 
ness or stupidity. 

STOTE-FY, v. t. [Fr. stupefier ; L. stupefacio.] 1. To make 
stupid ; to make dull ; to blunt the faculty of perception 
or understanding ; to deprive of sensibility. 2. To dp 
prive of material motion. — Bacon ; [obs.] 

STu'PE-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Rendering extremely dull or 
insensible. 

STU-PEN'DOUS, a. [Low L. stvpendus.] Literally, striking 
dumb by its magnitude ; hence, astonishing ; wonderful ; 
amazing ; particularly, of astonishing magnitude or eleva- 
tion. — Dryden. 

STU-PEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to excite astonlah- 
ment. 

STU-PEN'DOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
stupendous or astonishing. 

STO'PID, a. [Fr. stupide ; L. stupidus.] 1. Very dull ; in- 
sensible ; senseless : wanting in understanding ; heavy ; 
doltish ; sluggish. 2. Dull ; heavy ; formed without skill 
or genius. 

STU-PID'I-TY. v. [Fr. stupid ite ; L. siupiditas.] Extreme 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; T as in this, t Obsolete 



STY 



982 



SUB 



dullness of perception or understanding. — Syn. Insensibil- 
ity ; sluggishness ; sottishness ; doltishness ; blockishness ; 
senselessness. 

STu'PID-LY, adv. With extreme dullness ; with suspen- 
sion or inactivity of understanding ; sottishly ; absurdly ; 
without the exercise of reason or judgment. — Dryden. 

STO'PID-NESS, n. Stupidity. 

STu'POR. n. [L.] 1. Great diminution or suspension of 
sensibility ; suppression of sense ; numbness. 2. Intel- 
lectual insensibility ; moral stupidity ; heedlessness or in- 
attention to one's interests. 

STu'PRaTE, v. t. [L. stapro.] To ravish ; to debauch. 

STU-PRa'TION, n. Rape ; violation of chastity by force. 

STUR'DI-LY, adv. Hardily; stoutly; lustily. 

STUR'DI-NESS, n. 1. Stoutness ; hardiness. — Locke. 2. 
Brutal strength. 

STURDY, a. [G. sturrig.] 1. Bluntly obstinate ; implying 
coarseness or rudeness. 2. Characterized by great 
strength. 3. Violent ; laid on with strength ; as, sturdy 
strokes. — Syn. Hardy ; stout ; strong ; firm ; robust ; ob- 
stinate ; forcible ; stiff. 

STUR'DY, n. A disease in sheep, marked by dullness and 
stupor. — Cyc. 

STUR'GEON (sturjun), n. [Fr. esturgeon; Sp. esturion: It. 
slorione; Low L. sturio.] A large cartilaginous fish, of 
thw genus acipenser, highly prized for food. Caviare is 
prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the air-bladder. 

STU-RI-o'NI-AN, n. One of a family of cartilaginous fishes, 
of which the sturgeon is the type. 

STURK, n. [Sax. styrc] A young ox or heifer [Scottish.] 

STUTTER, v. i. [D. stotteren; G. stottern, that is, to stop. 
Stut is not used.] To stammer ; to hesitate in uttering 
words. — Bacon. 

STUTTER, n. The act of stuttering.— Smart. 

STUT'TER-ER, n. A stammerer. 

STUTTER-IN G, ppr. or a. Stammering ; hesitating. 

STUTTER-ING, n. The act of stammering. 

STUTTER-ING-LY, adv. With stammering. 

STY, n. [Sax. stige.] 1. A pen or inclosure for swine. 2. 
A place of bestial debauchery. 3. An inflamed tumor on 
the edge of the eyelid. 

STY._u. t. To shut up in a sty. — Shah. 

\ STY, v. i. [Sax. stigan ; Goth, steigan.] To soar ; to as- 
cend. See Stirrup. 

. STY'ING, ppr. Shutting up in a sty. 

STYCA, n. A Saxon copper coin of the lowest value. 

STYg'1-AN, a. [L. Stygius, Styx.] Pertaining to Styx, fa- 
bled by the ancients to be a river of hell ; hence, hellish ; 
infernal. 

STy-LA-GAL-Ma'IC, a. or n. [Gr. orvhos and aya'Xua.] A 
term in architecture, denoting figures which perform the 
office of columns. 

STYLE, n. [L. stylus; D., G. styl; It. stile; Sp. estilo ; Fr. 
style or stile.] 1. Manner of writing with regard to lan- 
guage, or the choice and arrangement of words ; diction ; 
phraseology. 2. Manner of speaking appropriate to par- 
ticular characters ; or, in general, the character of the 
language used. 3. A characteristic or peculiar mode of 
execution in the fine arts. 4. A particular character of 
music. 5. Title ; appellation. 6. Course of writing ; [obs.] 
-7. Style of court is, properly, the practice observed by 
any court in its way of proceeding. — 8. In popular use, 
manner ; form. 9. A pointed instrument formerly used 
in writing on tables of wax ; an instrument of surgery. 
10. Something with a sharp point, as a graver ; the pin of 
a dial ; written, also, stile. — 11. In botany, the middle por- 
tion of the pistil, connecting the stigma with the germ ; 
sometimes called the shaft. — 12. In chronology, a mode of 
reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and Gregorian 
calendar. The old style proceeded according to the calen- 
dar of Julius Ceesar, allowing 366 days to every fourth 
year, and 365 to other years. The new style was intro- 
duced by Pope Gregory XIII., by whose order 10 days 
were taken out of October, 1582, and was adopted in 
England in 1752, when the difference between the old and 
new style was 11 days. According to the new style, ev- 
ery year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100, with- 
out being divisible by 400, has 366 days. 
STYLE, v. t. To entitle in addressing or alluding to. — Syn. 
To call ; name ; denominate ; designate ; term ; charac- 
terize. 
STyL-ED, pp. Named ; denominated ; called. 
STY'LET, n. [from style.] A small poniard or dagger. 
STY'LI-FORM, a. Like a style, pin, or pen. 
STYLING, ppr. Calling; denominating. 
STYLISH, a. Being in fashionable form or in high style ; 

showy ; modish ; fashionable. [A colloquial word.] 
STY'LlTE, n. [Gr. gtv\oS.] In ecclesiastical history, the 
StylUes were a sect of solitaries, who stood motionless on 
columns or pillars. 
STYTO-BITE, n. [Gr. ctv'Xos, a pillar, and fiaaii, base.] In 
architecture, the uninterrupted or continuous base below a 
range of columns. — Brande. 



STY-LO-Bl'TION, n. The pedestal of a column. 

STY-LO-GRAPH'IC, a. Pertaining to or used in stylogra- 
phy ; as, stylographic cards, cards which may be written 
upon with a style. — Stylographic pencil, a pencil or style 
for this kind of writing. 

STY-LOG'RA-PHY, n. A mode of writing or tracing lines 
by means of a style or pointed instrument on cards or 
tablets. 

STYLOID, a. [L. stylus, and Gr. eiSoS-] Having some re- 
semblance to a style or pen. — Encyc. 

STYPTIC, a. [Fr. siyptique ; L. stypticus.] Astringent ; that 
produces contraction ; that stops bleeding ; having the 
quality of restraining hemorrhage. 

STYPTIC, n. A medicine which has an astringent quality 

STYP-TIC'I-TY (-tis'e-te), n. The quality of astringency. 

STY'RAX, n. A genus of plants which produces storax ana 
gum benzoin. 

STYTHT, v. t. To forge on an anvil. See Stithy. 

STYX, n. [L. ; Gr. 2ruf .] In ancient mythology, the princi- 
pal river of' the lower world, which was to be crossed in 
passing to the regions of the dead. The divinity of the 
river, who dwelt in a rock palace, was also called Styx. 

SUAB. See Swab. 

Su-A-BILI-TY, n. Liability to be sued ; the state of beinj 
subject by law to civil process. — Judge Story. 

Su'A-BLE, a. [from sue.] That may be sued ; subject bj 
law to be called to answer in court. — Judge Story. 

t SUIDE, for persuade. 

t SUiGE. for assuage. 

Su'ANT, a. [Fr. suivant ; Norm, suante.] Even ; uniform , 
spread equally over the surface. — Halliwell. [Local.] 

SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. suadeo.] That may be persuaded oi 
easily persuaded. 

SUa'SION (swa'zhun), n. The act of persuading. 

SUI'SlVE, a. [L. suadeo.] Having power to persuade. 

SUa'SiVE-LY, adv. In a manner tending to persuade. 

SUa'SO-RY, a. [L. suasorius.] Tending to persuade ; hav 
ing the quality of convincing and drawing by argument or 
reason.— Hopkins. 

SUAVT-FI.ED (swaVe-f ide), pp. Rendered affable. 

SUAV'I-FY, v. t. [L. suavis, sweet.] To make affable. 

SUAV'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making affable. 

SUA-VIL'0-Q.UY, n. [L. suavis and loquor.] Sweetness of 
speech. 

SUAV'I-TER IN Mo'DO. [L.] Agreeably or kindly in 
manner. 

SUAVI-TY (swav'e-te), n. [Lat. suavitas ; Fr. suavite ; It. 
soavita ; Sp. suavidad.] 1. Sweetness. — Brown ; [in a lit- 
eral sense ; obs.] 2. Sweetness ; [in a figurative sense ;] 
that which is to the mind what sweetness is to the tongue ; 
agreeableness ; softness; pleasantness; urbanity. 

SUB. A Latin preposition, denoting under or below, used, in 
English, as a prefix, to express a subordinate degree or 
imperfect state of a quality. Before / and p, it is changed 
into those letters, as in suffer and suppose ; and beforu m, 
into that letter, as in summon. 

SUB-ACID, a. [sub and acid.] Moderately acid or sour. 

SUB-ACID, n. A substance moderately acid. 

SUB-ACRID, a. Moderately sharp, pungent, or acrid. 

t SUB-ACT, v. t. [L. subactus.] To reduce ; to subdue. 

SUB- ACTION, n. The act of reducing to any state, as of 
mixing two bodies completely, or of beating them to a 
powder.— Bacon. 

SUB-A-€uTE', a. Acute in a moderate degree. 

SUB-A-E'RI-AL, a. [sub and aerial.] Beneath the sky, or in 
the open air : opposed to submarine ; as, a subaerial vol- 
cano. — Dana. 

SUB-Ag-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. subagitatio.] Carnal knowledge. 

Su'BaH, n. In India, a province or viceroyship. 

Su'BAH-DaR, n. In India, a viceroy, or the governor of a 
province ; also, a native of India, who ranks as captain in 
the European companies. 

Su'BXH-SHIP, n. The jurisdiction of a subahdar. 

* SUBALTERN, a. [Fr. subalterne.] Inferior ; subordinate ; 
that in different respects is both superior and inferior. 

SUB-ALTERN, n. A subordinate officer in an army ; an 
officer under the rank of captain. 

SUB-AL-TERN'ATE, a. Successive ; succeeding by turns. 

SUB-AL-TERN-ITION, n. 1. State of inferiority or sub- 
jection. 2. Act of succeeding by course. 

SUB-AN"GU-LAR, a. Slightly angular. 

SUB-AP'EN-NlNE, a. 1. Under or at the foot of the Apen- 
nine mountains. — 2. In geology, a term applied to a series 
of tertiary strata of the older pliocene period.— Lyell. 

SUB-A-QUAT'IC, \ a. [L. sub and aqua.] Being under wa 

SUB-I'QUE-OUS, 5 ter.— Darwin. 

t SUB-AR-RITION, n. [Low L. subarrare.] The ancieM 
custom of betrothing. — Wheatly. 

SUB ASTRAL, a. [sub and astral] Beneath the stars or 
heavens ; terrestrial. — Warburton. 

SUB-AS-TRIN'GENT, a. Astringent in a small degree. 

SUB-AU-Dl"TION (-dish'un), n. [L. subauditio.] The act 
of understanding something not expressed.— Bichardson. 



4 Sex Si/nopsis. A, E, I. &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL. WHAT .—PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BOOK, 



SUB 



983 



SUB 



SUB-AXTL-LA-RY, a. [L. sub and axilla.\ Placed under 
the axil or angle formed by the branch ot a plant with the 
stem, or by a leaf with the branch. 

SUB'-BaSE, n. In music, the deepest pedal stop, or the 
lowesj: notes of an organ. 

SUB-BeA'DLE (-be'dl), n. An inferior or under-beadle. 

SUB-BRIG-A-DIeR', n. An officer in the horse-guards, who 
ranks as cornet. — Encyc. 

SUB-€aR'BU-RET-ED, a. Consisting of a greater number 
of equivalents of the base than of the carbon. 

SUB-€aR-TI-LAG'IN-OUS, a. Partially cartilaginous. 

SUB-CAUDAL, a. Beneath the tail. 

SUB-CE-LErf'TIAL (-chal), a. Being beneath the heavens. 

SUB-CEN'TRAL, a. Being under the center. — Say. 

SUB-CHaNT'ER, n. An under-chanter. 

SUB-€La'VI-AN, a. [L. sub and clavis.] Situated under the 
clavicle or collar-bone. 

SUB-COM-MIT'TEE, n. An under-committee. 

SUB-€OM-PRES3£D' (-prest), a. Not fully compressed. 

SUB-CON-FORM'A-BLE, a. Partially conformable. 

SUB-€ON'I€-AL, a. Conical in a slight degree. 

SUB-€ON-STEL-La'TION, n. A subordinate constellation. 
— Brown. 

SUB-CON'TRACT, n. A contract under a previous con- 
tract. 

SUB-CON-TRACT'ED, a. [sub and contracted.] Contracted 
after a former contract— Shak. 

SUB-€ON'TRA-RY, a. Contrary in an inferior degree.— In 
geometry, a term applied to a section of an oblique cone 
on a circular base by a plane not parallel to the base, but 
inclined to the axis, so that the section is a circle. — Brande. 

SUB-CORDATE, a. [L. sub and cor, the heart.] In shape 
somewhat like a heart. — Martyn. 

SUB-COS'TAL, a. [L. sub and costa.] The subcostal mus- 
cles are the internal intercostal muscles. — Cyc. 

SUB-CRYS'TAL-LiNE, a. Imperfectly crystallized.— Rf^ffbre. 

SUB-€U-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Situated under the skin. 

SUB-CU-TICU-LAR, a. [L. sub and cuticula.} Being under 
the cuticle or scarf-skin.— Darwin. 

SUB-CYL-1N'DRI€-AL, a. Imperfectly cylindrical. 

SUB-DeA'CON, n. An under-deacon or deacon's assistant. 

SUB-DeA'CON-RY, \n. The order and office of subdea- 

SUB-DeA'C OX-SHIP, 5 con in the Roman Catholic Church. 

SUB-DeAN', n. [sub and dean.] An under-dean ; a dean's 
substitute or vicegerent.— Ayliffe. 

SUB-DeAN'ER-Y, n. The office and rank of subdean. 

SUB-DEC'U-PLE, a. Containing one part of ten. 

SUB-DENTED, a. Indented beneath.— Encyc. 

SUB-DE-POS'IT, n. That which is deposited beneath some- 
thing else. — Schoolcraft. 

\ SUB-DER-I-So'RI-OUS, a. [L. sub and derisor.] Ridicul- 
ing with moderation or delicacy. — More. 

SUB-DI-La'TED, a. Partially dilated. 

SUB-DI-TI"TIOUS (-de-tish'us), a. [L. subdititius.} Put se- 
cretly in the place of something else. [Little used.] 

SUB-DI-VERS'I-FI£D (-fide),^. Diversified again. 

SUB-DI-VERS'I-FY, v. t. [sub and diversify.] To diversify 
again what is already diversified.— Hale. [Little used.] 

SUB-DI-VERS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Diversifying again what is al- 
ready diversified. 

SUB-DI-ViDE', v. t. To divide a part of a thing into more 
parts ; to part into smaller divisions. 

SUB-DI-ViDE', v. i. To be subdivided. 

SUB-DI-ViD'ED, pp. Divided again, or into smaller parts. 

SUB-DI-ViD'ING, ppr. Dividing into smaller parts. 

SUB-DI-VIS'I-BLE, a. Susceptible of subdivision. 

SUB-DI-Vi"SION (-de-vizh'un), n. 1. The act of subdividing 
or separating a part into smaller parts. 2. The part of a 
thing made by subdividing ; the part of a larger part. 

SUB'DO-LOUS, a. [L. subdolus.] Sly ; crafty ; cunning ; 
artful; deceitful. [Little used.] 

SUB-DOM'I-NANT, n. In music, the fourth note above the 
tonk\ being under the dominant. 

SUB-Du'A-BLE, a. That may be subdued.— Ward. 

SUB-DuAL, n,. [from subdue.] The act of subduing. 

SUB-DuCE', Iv. t. [L. subduco.] 1. To withdraw ; "to take 

S1TB-DUCT', j away. 2. To subtract by arithmetical op- 
eration.— Hale. 

SUB-DuCED' (-dusf), pp. Withdrawn ; taken away. 

SUB-DuC'ING, ppr. Withdrawing ; subtracting by arith- 
metical operation. 

SUB-DUC'TION, 7i. 1. The act of taking away or withdraw- 
ing.— Hale. 2. Arithmetical subtraction. — Hale. 

SUB-DuE' (sub-du'), v. t. 1. To conquer by force or the ex- 
ertion of superior power, and bring into permanent sub- 
jection ; to reduce under dominion. Subduing implies 
conquest or vanquishing, but it implies also more perma- 
nence of subjection to the conquering power than either 
of these words. 2. To overpower so as to disable from 
further resistance. 3. To break by conquering a refracto- 
ry temper or evil passions ; to render submissive. 4. To 
conquer ; to reduce to mildness. 5. To conquer by per- 
suasion or other mild means. 6. To conquer ; to capti- 



vate, as by charms. 7. To reduce to tenderness, b. i . 
overpower and destroy the force of. 9. Ti make mellow 
to break, as land.— Syx. To overbear; overpower; over 
come ; vanquish ; crash ; tame ; reduce ; subjugate ; op 
press ; soften ; melt. 

SUB-DO-ED' (sub-dude'), pp. or a. Conquered and reduced 
to subjection ; oppressed ; crushed ; tamed ; softened. 

tSUB-DuE'MENT, n. Conquest.- Shah: 

SUB-Du'ER, it. 1. One who conquers and brings into sub- 
jection ; a tamer. 2. That which subdues or destroys the 
forceof. 

SUB-Du'ING, ppr. or a. Vanquishing and reducing to sub- 
jection, crushing; softening. 

SUB'DU-PLE, a. [L. sub and diqrfus.] Containing one part 
of two. — Wilkins. 

SUB-DO'PLI-CATE, a. [sub and duplicate.] Having the ratio 
of the square roots. — Cyc. 

SUB-E-LON"GATE, a. Not fully elongated. 

SUB-E'QUAL, a. Nearly eaual— Martyn. 

Su'BER-ATE, n. [L. suber.] A salt formed by the suberic 
_acid in combination with a base. — Chemistry. 

Su'BER-I€, a. Pertaining to cork, or extracted from it ; as, 
juberic acid. 

Su'BE-RIN, n. [L. suber, the cork-tree.] The cellular tissue 
of cork purified or freed from the ordinary contents of its 
cells. It constitutes about seven tenths of common cork, 
and has been supposed to be a distinct vegetable proxi- 
mate principle, but this is not fully ascertained. — Tully. 

SUB'ER-oSE, a. [L. sub and erosus.] In botany, having the 
appearance of being gnawed. 

Su'BER-OUS, a. Corky ; soft and elastic. 

SUB-FUSC, a. [L. subfuscus.] Duskish ; moderately dark ; 
brownish ; tawny. — Taller. 

SUB-gE-LATTN-OUS, a. Imperfectly gelatinous. 

SUB-GE-NER'IC, a. Pertaining to a subgenus. 

SUB-GE'NUS, n. A subdivision of a genus, comprehending 
one or more species. 

SUB-GLO-BoSE', a. Not quite globose. 

SUB-GLOB'U-LAR a. Having a form approaching to glob- 
ular. — Say._ 

SUB-GLU-Ma'CEOUS. a. Somewhat glumaceous. — Lindley. 

SUB-GRAN'U-LAR, a. Somewhat granular. 

SUB-HAS-Ta'TION, n. [L. sub hasta.] A public sale or auc 
tion, so called from the Roman practice. — Burnet. 

SUB-HORN-BLEND'IC, a. Applied to rocks containing dis- 
seminated hornblende. — PercivaVs Geol. 

SUB-HY-DRO-SUL'PHU-RET, n. A compound of sulphu- 
reted hydrogen with a less number of equivalents of the 
base than of the sulphureted hydrogen. 

SUB-IN-DI-C I'TION, n. [L. sub and indico.] The act of in 
cheating by signs. — Barrow. 

tSUB-IN-DuCE', v. t. To insinuate ; to ofler indirectly.— 
Sir E. Dering. 

SUB-IN-FEU-DI'TION, ti. [sub and infeudation.] 1. In law, 
the act of enfeoffing by a tenant or feoftee, who holds 
lands of the crown ; the act of a greater baron, who grants 
land or a smaller manor to an inferior person. 2. Under- 
tenancy. 

t SUB-IN-GRES'SION (-gresh'un), n. [L. sub and ingressus.] 
Secret entrance. 

SUB-I-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. suMta?ieus.] Sudden ; hasty 

t SUB'1-TA-NY, a. Sudden. 

SU'BI-TO. [It.] In music, quick. 

SUB-Ja'CENT, a. [L. subjacens.] 1. Lying under or below. 
2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly be- 
neath. 

SUB'JECT, a. [L. subjectus.] 1. Placed or situate under. 
2. Being under the power and dominion of another. 3. 
Liable from extraneous causes. 4. Liable from inherent 
causes; prone; disposed. 5. Obedient — Tit., iii. — Syn 
Tributary ; exposed ; obnoxious ; subordinate ; subserv- 
ient; inferior. 

SUB'JECT 11. [L. subjectus ; Fr. sujet ; It suggetto.] 1. One 
who owes allegiance to a sovereign, and is governed by 
his laws. 2. That on which any mental operation is per- 
formed; that which is treated or handled.— 3. In logic, 
the subject of a proposition is that concerning which any 
thing is affirmed or denied.— Watts. 4. That on which 
any physical operation or experiment is performed, as in 
mesmerism, <fec. 5. That in which any thing inheres or 
exists. 6. The person who is treated of; the hero of a 
pi ece . — 7. In grammar, the nominative case to a verb 
passive. — 8. In music, the principal melody or theme of a 
movement. — 9. In the^«e arts, that which it is the object 
and aim of the artist to express. Brande. — 10. In anatomy, 
a dead body for the purposes of dissection. — Syn. Matter , 
materials; theme; topic. 

SUB-JEC'F, v. t. 1. To bring under the power or dominion 
of ; to subjugate ; to subdue. 2. To put under or within 
the power of. 3. To enslave ; to make obnoxious. 4. To 
expose ; to make liable. 5. To submit ; to make account 
able. 6. To make subservient 7. To cause to undergo. 

SUB'JECT-MATTER, n. The matter or thought presented 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SUB 



984 



SUB 



tor consideration, in some statement, discussion, &c. — 

Blackstone. 

SUBJECTED, pp. Reduced to the dominion of another ; 
enslaved ; exposed ; submitted ; made to undergo. 

SUB-JE€T'JNG, ppr. Reducing to submission ; enslaving ; 
exposing ; submitting ; causing to undergo. 

SUBJECTION, n. 1. The act of subduing ; the act of van- 
quishing and bringing under the dominion of another. 2. 
The state of being under the power, control, and govern- 
ment of another. 

SUBJECTIVE, a. An epithet applied to those internal 
states of thought eft- feeling of which the mind is the sub- 
ject ; opposed to objective, which is applied to things con- 
sidered as separate from the mind, and as objects of its at- 
tention. Thus, subjective truth or reality is that which is 
verified by consciousness ; objective truth or reality is that 
which results from the nature and relations of things. A 
subjective motive is an internal feeling or propensity ; an 
objective motive is something external to the mind, which 
is suited to awaken desire. Subjective views are those 
which are produced or modified by internal feeling ; ob- 
jective views are those which are governed by external 
objects. That which is subjective in one relation may be 
objective in another. Thus, subjective states of mind, when 
recalled and dwelt on for the purpose of inspection or 
analysis, become objective. — Encyc. Amer. 

SUBJECTiVE-LY, adv. In relation to the subject. 

SUBJECTIVE-NESS, n. State of being subjective. 

SUBJEGT-IV'I-TY, n. The state of being subjective. 

SUB-JOIN', v. t. [sub and join ; L. subjungo.] To add at 
the end ; to add after something else has been said or writ- 
ten.— Syn. To affix ; annex ; attach ; connect. 

SUB- JOIN E D' (sub-joind'), pp. or a. Added after something 
else said or written. 

SUBJOINING, ppr. Adding after something else said or 
written. 

SUB Ju'DI-CE. [L.] Before the judge ; not decided. 

SUB'JU-GaTE, v. t. [Fr. subjuguer ; L. subjugo.} To sub- 
due and bring under the yoke of power or dominion ; to 
conquer by force, and compel to submit to the govern- 
ment or absolute control of another. 

SUB'JU-GX-TED, pp. or a. Reduced to the control of an- 
other. 

SUBJU-Ga-TING, ppr. Conquering and bringing under the 
absolute power of another. 

SUBJU-GaTION, n. The act of subduing and bringing 
under the power or absolute control of another. 

SUB-JUNCTION, n. The act of subjoining, or state of be- 
ing subjoined. — Clarke. 

SUBJUNCTIVE, a. [L. subjunctivus ; Fr. subjonctif.] 1. 
Subjoined or added to something before said or written. 
— 2. In grammar, designating a form of verbs which follow 
other verbs, or words expressing condition, hypothesis, 
or contingency. — 3. Subjunctive is often used as a noun, 
denoting the subjunctive mood. v 

SUB-KING'D6M, n. A subordinate kingdom. 

SUB'LA-NATE, a. In botany, somewhat woolly. 

SUB-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, n. An Infralapsarian ; one of that class 
of Calvinists who consider the decree of election as con- 
templating the apostasy as past, and the elect as being in 
a fallen and guilty state. The Sublapsarians considered 
the election of grace as a remedy for an existing evil ; 
while the Supralapsarians viewed it as a part of God's 
original purpose in regard to men.— Murdoch. 

SUB-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, \a. [L. sub and lapsus.] Pertaining to 

SUB-LAPS'A-RY, 5 the Sublapsarians, or to their doc- 
trines. — Murdoch. 

SUB-La'TION, n. [L. sublatio.] The act of taking or carry- 
ing away.— Bp. Hall. 

SUB-LET, v. t. [sub and let.] To underlet ; to lease, as a 
lessee to another person. — Smollett. [Unusual.] 

SUB-LE-Va'TION, n. [L. sublevo.] The act of raising on 
high. 

SUB-LIEu-TEN'ANT (-lu-ten'ant or -lef-ten'ant ; see * Lieu- 
tenant), n. An officer in the royal regiment of artillery 
and fusileers, subordinate to the lieutenant. [English.] 

SUB-LI-Ga'TION, n. [L. subligo.] The act of binding un- 
derneath. 

SUB-LlM'A-BLE, a. [from sublime.] That may be subli- 
mated ; capable of being raised by heat into vapor, and 
again condensed by cold. 

SUB-LTM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being sublima- 
ble. 

SUB'LI-MaTE, v. t. [from sublime.] 1. To bring a solid sub- 
stance, as camphor or sulphur, into the state of vapor, by 
heat, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state. 
2. To refine and exalt ; to heighten ; to elevate. 

SUB'LI-MATE, n. The product of a sublimation. SeeCoK- 

hosive Sublimate. 
SUB'LI-MATE, a. Brought into a state of vapor by heat, 

and again condensed, as solid substances. 
3UB'LI-Ma-TED, pp. or a. Brought into a state of vapor 
by heat, as a solid substance ; refined. 



SUB'LI-Ma-TING, ppr. Converting into the state of vapor 
by heat, and condensing, as solid substances. 

SUB-LI-Ma'TION, n. 1. The operation of bringing a solid 
substance into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing 
it again into a solid by cold. 2. Exaltation ; elevation ; 
act of heightening or improving. 

SUB-LlME', a. [L. sublimis ; Fr., It., Sp. sublime.] 1. High 
in place ; elevated aloft. 2. High in excellence ; elevated 
by nature. 3. High in style or sentiment. 4. Elevated 
by joy. 5. Lofty of mien ; elevated in manner. — Syn. Ex- 
altedj lofty ; grand ; noble ; majestic. 

SUB-LlME', n. A grand or lofty style ; a style that ex- 
presses lofty conceptions. — Addison. 

SUB-LlME', v. t. 1. To sublimate, which see. 2. To raiso 
on high. 3. To exalt ; to heighten ; to improve. 

SUB-LlME', v. i. To be brought or changed into a state 
of vapor by heat, and then condensed by cold. 

SUB-LlM_ED' (sub-llmd'), pp. Brought into a state of vapor 
by heat, and, when cooled, changed to a solid state. 

SUB-LlME'LY, adv. With elevated conceptions ; loftily 

SUB-LiME'NESS, n. Loftiness of style or sentiment ; sub 
limity. 

SUB-LIM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. sublimis and facio.] The 
act of making sublime.— Gilpin. 

SUB-LlM'ING, ppr. Sublimating ; exalting. 

SUB-LIM'I-TY, n. [Fr. sublimits ; L. sublimitas.] 1. Eleva- 
tion of place ; lofty height. 2. Height in excellence ; 
loftiness of nature or character ; moral grandeur. 3. An 
elevated feeling, consisting of a union of astonishment and 
awe at the contemplation of great scenes and objects, or 
of exalted excellence. — 4. In oratory and composition, lofty 
conceptions, or such conceptions expressed in correspond- 
ing language ; loftiness of sentiment or style. 

t SUB-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [L. sub and linea.] Mark of a fine 
or fines under a word in a sentence. 

SUB-LIN"GUAL (-ling'gwal), a. [L. sub and lingua.] Situ 
ated under the tongue ; as, the sublingual glands. — Coxe. 

SUB-Lu'NAR, }a. [Fr. sublunairc; L. sub and luna.] 

SUB'LU-NA-RY, } Literally, beneath the moon ; but sub- 
lunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely 
terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world. — Drydcn. 

SUB'LU-NA-RY, n. Any worldly thing.— Feltham. 

SUB-LUX-A'TION, n. [sub and luxation.] In surgery, an 
incomplete dislocation. 

SUB-MA-R'iNE' (-ma-reen'), a. [L. sub and marinus.] Be- 
ing, acting, or growing under water in the sea. 

SUB-MAX'IL-LA-RY, a. [L. sub and maxilla.] Situated 
under the jaw. — Med. Repos. 

SUB-Mk'DI-AL, a. Lying under the middle.— Buffon. 

SUB-Me'DI-AN, a. Lying under or below the middle of a 
body._ 

SUB-Me'DI-ANT, 72. In music, the sixth note, or middle 
note between the octave and subdominant. 

SUB-MERGE' (sub-merj'), v. t. [L. submergo.] 1. To put 
under water ; to plunge. 2. To cover or overflow with 
water ; to drown. 

SUB-MERGE' (sub-merj 7 ), v. i. To plunge under water. 

SUB-MERGJED' (sub-merjd'), pp. Put under water ; over 
flowed. 

SUB-MERG'ENCE, n. The act of submerging ; the state of 
being submerged. — Lyell. 

SUB-MERGING, ppr. Putting under water ; overflowing. 

SUB-MERSE', ia. [L. submersus.] Being or growing 

SUB-MERS.ED', > under water, as the leaves of aquatic 
plants. 

SUB-MER'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. submersus.] 1. The act of put- 
ting under water, or causing to be overflowed. 2. The 
act of plunging under water ; the act of drowning. 

t SUB-MIN'IS-TER, v. i. To subserve; to be useful to. 

t SUB-MIN'IS-TER, > v. t. [L. subministro.] To supply ; 

t SUB-MIN'IS-TRITE, $ to afford. 

t SUB-MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Subservient ; serving in subor- 
dination. — Bacon. 

SUB-MIN-IS-TRI'TION, n. The act of furnishing or sup- 
plying. — Wotlon. 

SUB-MISS', a. [L. submissus.] Submissive ; humble ; obse- 
quious. [Rarely used, and in poetry only.] 

SUB-MIS'SION (sub-mish'un), n. [L. submissio ; Fr. soumif- 
sion.] 1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to 
power or authority ; surrender of the person and power 
to the control or government of another. 2. Acknowl 
edgment of inferiority or dependence ; humble or sup- 
pliant behavior. 3. Acknowledgment of a fault ; confes- 
sion of error. 4. Obedience ; compliance with the com 
mands or laws of a superior. 5. Resignation ; a yielding 
of one's will to the will or appointment of a superior, 
without murmuring. 

SUB-MISS'IVE, a. 1. Yielding to the will or power of an 
other. 2. Acknowledging one's inferiority ; testifying 
one's submission.— Syn. Obedient; compliant; yielding 
obsequious; subservient; humble; modest; passive. 

SUB-MISS'lVE-LY, adv. With submission ; with acknowl 
edgment of inferiority ; humbly. — Dryden. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK, 



SUB 



SUB 



SUB-MISSTVE-NESS, n. 1. A submissive temper or dis- 
position. 2. Humbleness ; acknowledgment of inferior- 
ity. 3. Confession of fault. 

SUB-MISS'i^Y, adv. Humbly ; with submission. [Rare.] 

SUB-MISS'NESS, n. Humbleness ; obedience. [Rare.] 

SUB-MIT, v. u [L. submitto ; Fr. soumcttre.) 1. To let 
down ; to cause to sink or lower. — Dryden ; [obs.] 2. To 
yield, resign, or surrender to the power, will, or authority 
of another. 3. To refer ; to leave or commit to the dis- 
cretion or judgment of another. 

SUB-MIT, v. i. 1. To yield one's person to the power of 
another ; to give up resistance. 2. To yield one's opinion 
to the opinion or authority of another. 3. To be subject ; 
to yield to the authority of another. 4. To be submiss- 
ive ; to yield without murmuring.— Syn. To surrender : 
bend ; stoop ; acquiesce ; comply. 

SUB-MITTED, pp. Surrendered ; resigned ; yielded ; re- 
ferred. 

SUB-MITTER, n. One who submits. 

SUB-MITTING, ppr. Surrendering ; resigning ; yielding ; 
referring to another for decision. 

f SUB-MON'ISH, v. t. [L. submoneo.] To suggest ; to prompt. 

f SUB-MO-Ni"TION (-nish'un), n. Suggestion.— Granger. 

SUB-MUL'TI-PLE, n. A number or quantity which is con- 
tained in another an exact number of times, or is an ali- 
quot part of it. 

SUB-NaR-€OT'I€, a. Moderately narcotic— Bartow. 

SUB-NAS'CENT, a. [L. sub and nascor.] Growing under- 
neath. 

f SUB-NEGT, v. t. [L. subnecto.] To tie, buckle, or fasten 
beneath. — Pope. 

SUB-NOB/MAL, n. [L. sub and norma.] In geometry, that part 
of the axis of a curve line which is intercepted between 
the ordinate and the normal. — Brande. 

SUB-NuDE', a. [L. sub and nudus, naked.] In botany, al- 
most naked or bare of leaves. — Lee. 

SUB-OB-S€uRE'LY, adv. Somewhat obscurely. 

SUB-0€-CIP'I-TAL, a. Being under the occiput. 

SUB-0€'TAVE, \ a. [L. sub and ociavus or octuple.] Con- 

SUB-0€'TU-PLE, > taming one part of eight. 

SUB-OCU-LAR, a, [L. sub and oculus.] Being under the eye. 

SUB-OR-BI€'U-LAR, t a. [L. sub and orbicularis.] Almost 

SUB-OR-BI€'U-LATE, 5 orbiculate or orbicular ; nearly 
circular.— Say. 

SUB-OR'DIN-A-CY, n. 1. The state of being subordinate or 
subject to control. 2. Series of subordination ; [rare.] 

t SUB-OR'DIN-AN-CY. See Subordinacy. 

SUB-OR'DIN-ATE, a. [L. sub and ordinatus.] 1. Inferior 
in order, in nature, in dignity, in power, importance, &c. 
2. Descending in a regular series. 

SUB-OR'DIN-ATE, n. One who stands in order or rank be- 
low another.— Milton. 

SUB-OR'DIN-ITE, v. t. 1. To place in an order or rank be- 
low something else ; to make or consider as of less value 
or importance. 2. To make subject. 

SUB-OR'DIN-A-TED, pp. Placed in an inferior rank ; con- 
sidered as of inferior importance ; subjected. 

SUo-OR'DIN-ATE-LY, adv. 1. In a lower rank or of infe- 
rior importance. 2. In a series regularly descending. 

SUB-OR-DIN-a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The state of being infe- 
rior to another ; inferiority of rank or dignity. 2. A series 
regularly descending. 3. Place of rank among inferiors. 
4. Subjection ; state ©f being under control or government. 
Subordinateness is not used. 

SUB-ORN', v. t. [Fr. suborner ; It. sicbornare ; Sp. subornar ; 
L. suborno.] 1. In law, to procure a person to take such a 
false oath as constitutes perjury. 2. To procure privately 
or by collusion. 3. To procure by indirect means. 

SUB-OR-Na'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. In law, the crime of procur- 
ing a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perju- 
ry. 2. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal or 
bad action. 

SUB-ORN.ED' (sub-ornd'), pp. Procured to take a false oath, 
or to do a bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ER, n. One who procures another to take a false 
oath or to do a bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ING, ppr. Procuring one to take a false oath or 
to do a criminal action. 

SUB-o'VAL, a. Somewhat oval. 

SUB-o'VaTE, a. [L. sub and ovatus.] Almost ovate ; nearly 
in the form of an egg, but having the inferior extremity 
broadest. — Martyn. 

SUB-Pk'KA, \n. [L. sub and pecna.] A writ commanding 

SUB-POZ'NA, 5 the attendance in court of the person on 
whom it is served, as a witness, <fec. 

SUB-Pe'NA, I v. t. To serve with a writ of subpena ; to 

SUB-PCE'NA, j command attendance in court by a legal 
writ._ 

SUB-Pe'NA.ED, pp. Served with a writ of subpena. 
SUB-Pe'NA-ING, ppr. Commanding attendance in court by 

a legal writ. 
BUB-PER-PEN-DICU-LAR, n. [sub and perpendicular.] A 
subnormal, which see. 



SUB-PETI-O-LATE, a. [sub and petiole.] In botany, having 
a very 6hort petiole. — Martyn. 

SUB-POR-PHY-RITIC, a. Allied to porphyrinic, but con- 
taining smaller and less distinctly marked points or crys- 
tals. — Percival's Geol. 

SUB-PRl'OR, n. [sub and prior.] The vicegerent of a prior 
a claustral officer who assists the prior. — South. 

SUB-PUR'CHA-SER, n. A purchaser who buys of a pur- 
chaser. 

SUB-QUADTtATE, a. Nearly square.— Say. 

SUB-QUAD'RU-PLE, a. Containing one part of four. 

SUB-QUIN'QUE-FID, a. Almost quinqueiid. 

SUB-QUINTUPLE, a. Containing one part of five. 

SUB Ra'MOUS \ a * n botany, having few branches. 

SUB-RECTOR', n. A rector's deputy or substitute. 

SUB-REP'TION, n. [L. subreptio.] The act of obtaining a 
favor by surprise or unfair representation. 

SUB-REP-Tl"TIOUS, \ a. [L. surreptidus.] Falsely crept 

SUB-REP'TiVE, 5 in; fraudulently obtained. Set 

Surreptitious. 

SUB-REP-Tl"TIOU8-L Y (-tish'us-le), adv. By falsehood ; by 
stealth. — Sherwood. 

t SUB'RO-GITE, v. t. [L. subrogo.] To put in the place of 
another. _ See Surrogate. 

SUB-RO-Ga'TION, n. In the civil law, the substituting of 
one person in the place of another and giving him his 
rights. 

SUB Ro'SA. [L.] Literally, under the rose ; secretly ; pri- 
vately ; in a manner that forbids disclosure ; the rose be- 
ing among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung 
up at entertainments, as a token that nothing there said 
was to be divulged. — Booth. 

SUB-RO-TUND', a. [L. sub and rotundus.] Almost round ; 
almost orbicular. 

SUB-SA-LlNE', a. Moderately saline or salt. — Encyc. 

SUB'SALT, n. A salt having an excess of the base. 

SUB-SAN-Ni'TION. n. [L. subsanno.] Derision ; scorn. 
More. 

SUB-SCAP'U-LAR, a. [L. sub and scapula.] The subscapu- 
lar artery is the large branch of the axillary artery, which 
rises near the lowest margin of the scapula. 

SUB-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That may be subscribed. 

SUB-SCRlBE', v. t. [L. subscribo ; Fr. souscrire ; It. soscri- 
vere ; Sp. subscribir.] 1. To sign with one's own hand ; 
to give consent to something written, or to bind one's self 
by writing one's name beneath. 2. To attest by writing 
one's name beneath. 3. To promise to give by writing 
one's name. 4. To submit ; [obs.] 

SUB-S€RlBE', v. i. 1. To promise to give a certain sum by 
setting one's name to a paper. 2. To assent. 

SUB-SCRIB.ED' (sub-skribd'), pp. 1. Having a name or 
names written underneath. 2. Promised by writing the 
name and sum. 

SUB-S€RlB'ER, n. 1. One who subscribes ; one who con- 
tributes to an undertaking by subscribing. 2. One who 
enters his name for a paper, book, map, and the like. 

SUB-S€RlBTNG, ppr. Writing one's name underneath • 
assenting to or attesting by writing the name beneath ; en- 
tering one's name as a purchaser. 

SUB'SCRIPT, n. Any thing underwritten.— Bcntley. 

SUBSCRIPTION, n. [L. subscripts.] 1. Any thing, par 
ticularly a paper, with names subscribed. 2. The act of 
subscribing or writing one's name underneath ; name sub 
scribed ; signature. 3. Consent or attestation given by un- 
derwriting the name. 4. The act of contributing to any 
undertaking. 5. Sum subscribed ; amount of sums sub- 
scribed. 6. Submission ; obedience ; [obs.] 

SUB-SECTION, n. [L. sub and sectio.] The part or division 
of a section ; a subdivision ; the section of a section. 

SUB-SEC'U-TlVE, a. [L. subsequor, subsecutus.] Following 
in a train or succession. [Rare.] 

SUB-SEM'I-ToNE, n. In music, the leading note or sharp 
seventh of any key. — Brande. 

SUB-SEP'TU-PLE, a. [L. sub and septuplus.] Containing 
one of seven parts. — Wilkins. 

SUB'SE-QUENCE, n. [L. subsequor, subsequens.] A follow 
ing ; a state of coming after something. — Grew. 

SUB'SE-QUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. subsequens.] 1. Following in 
time ; coming or being after something else at any time, 
indefinitely. 2. Following in the order ol place or suc- 
cession. — Syn. Succeeding; consequent; posterior; next. 

SUB'SE-QUENT-LY, adv. 1. At a later time ; in time after 
something else. 2. After something else in order. 

SUB-SERVE' (sub-serv'), v. t. [L. subservio.] To serve in 
subordination ; to serve instrumentally. — Milton. 

SUB-SERV JED', pp. Served in subordination. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENCE, In. Instrumental use ; use or opera 

SUB-SERV'I-EN-CY, 5 tion that promotes some purpose. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENT, a. [L. subserviens.] 1. Useful as an in- 
strument to promote a purpose ; serving to promote some 
end. 2. Subordinate ; acting as a subordinate instrument 
— Syn. Subject ; subordinate ; submissive ; inferior. 



I)6VE , -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.~€ as K ; 6 as J ; S is Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



SUB 



986 



SUB 



SUB-SEE. VI-ENT-LY, adv. In a subservient manner. 

SUB-SERVING, ppr. Serving in subordination; serving 
instrumentally. 

SUB-SES'SILE, a. [L. sub and sessilis.] In botany, almost 
sessile ; having very short foot-stalks. — Lee. 

SUB-SEXTU-PLE, a. [L. sub and sextuplus.] Containing 
one part in six. — Wilkins. 

SUB- SIDE', v. i. [L. subsido.] 1. To sink or fall to the bot- 
tom, as lees. 2. To fall into a state of quiet ; to cease to 
rage ; to be calmed ; to become tranquil. 3. To tend 
downward ; to sink. 4. To be reduced. — Syn. To settle ; 
abate ; intermit ; retire ; ebb. 

SUB-Sl'DENCE, in. 1. The act or process of sinking or 

SUB-Si'DEN-CY, 5 falling, as the lees of liquors. 2. The 
act of sinking or gradually descending, as ground. 

* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, a. [Fr. subsidiaire ; L. subsidiarius.] 1. 
Aiding ; assistant ; furnishing help. 2. Furnishing addi- 
tional supplies. 

* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, n. An assistant ; an auxiliary ; he or that 
which contributes aid or additional supplies. 

SUB'SI-DlZE, v. t. [from subsidy.] To furnish with a sub- 
sidy ; to purchase the assistance of another by the pay- 
ment of a subsidy to him. 

SUB'SI-Dl'Z.ED, pp. Engaged as an auxiliary by means of 
a subsidy. 

3UB'SI-DlZ-ING, ppr. Purchasing the assistance of by sub- 
sidies. 

SUB'SI-DY, n. [Fr. subside; L. subsidium.] 1. Aid in mon- 
ey ; supply given ; a tax ; something furnished for aid, as 
by the people to their prince. 2. A sum of money paid 
by one prince or nation to another, to purchase the service 
of auxiliary troops, or the aid of such foreign prince, in a 
war jigainst an enemy. 

SUB-SlGN' (sub-sine'), v. t. [L. subsigno.] To sign under ; 
to write beneath. — Camden. [Little used.] 

SUB-SIG-Na'TION, n. The act of writing the name under 
something for attestation. [Little used.] 

SUB SI-LEN'TLO (-se-len'she-o). [L.] In silence or se- 
crecy. 

SUB-SIST, v. i. [Fr. subsister ; It. sussistere : Sp. subsistir ; 
L. subsisto.] 1. To be ; to have existence. 2. To con- 
tinue ; to retain the present state. 3. To live ; to be main- 
tained with food and clothing. 4. To inhere ; to have ex- 
istence by means of something else. 

SUB-SIST', v. t. To feed ; to maintain ; to support with pro- 
visions. 

SUB-SIST'ENCE, > n. [Fr. subsistence ; It. sussiste'nza.] 1. 

SUB-SISTEN-CY, 5 Real being. 2. Competent provisions ; 
means of supporting life. 3. That which supplies the means 
of living, as money, pay, or wages. 4. Inherence in some- 
thing else. — Syn. Living ; livelihood ; support ; suste- 
nance ; maintenance; competence. 

SUB-SIST'ENT, a. [L. subsistens.] 1. Having real being. 2. 
Inherent. 

SUB'SOIL, n. The bed or stratum of earth which lies be- 
tween the surface soil and the base on which they rest. 

SUB-SPE'CIES (sub-spe'shez), n. [sub and species.] A sub- 
ordinate species ; a division of a species. — Thomson. 

SUB'STANCE, n. [Fr. ; It. sustanza ; Sp. substantia ; L. sub- 
stantia.] 1. In a general sense, being ; something existing 
by itself; that which really is or exists. 2. That which 
supports accidents. 3. The essential part; the main or 
material part. 4. Something real, not imaginary ; some- 
thing solid, not empty. 5. Body ; corporeal nature or 
matter. 6. Goods; estate; means of living. 

SUB-STANTIAL, a. 1. Belonging to substance ; actually 
existing. — Bcntley. 2. Really existing; not seeming or 
imaginary. 3. Corporeal ; material. 4. Having substance 
or strength. 5. Possessed of goods or estate ; moderately 
wealthy. — Syn. Real ; corporeal ; material ; solid ; true ; 
strong ; stout ; bulky ; responsible. 

SUB-STAN-TIAL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of real existence. 
2. Corporeity; materiality. — Glanville. 

SUB-STANTIAL-lZE, v. t. To realize. 

SUB-STANTIAL-IZ.ED, pp. Made real or solid. 

SUB-STAN'TIAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making real in substance. 

SUB-STAN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a substance ; 
with reality of existence. 2. Strongly ; solidly. 3. Truly; 
solidly ; really. 4. In substance ; in the main ; essential- 
ly. 5. With competent goods or estate. 

SUB-STANTIAL-NESS, n. 1. The state of being substan- 
tial. 2. Firmness; strength; power of holding or lasting. 

SUB-STAN'TIALS, n. pi. Essential parts.— Ayliffe. 

SUB-STAN'TIITE, v. t. 1. To make to exist. 2. To estab- 
lish by proof or competent evidence ; to verify ; to make 
good. — Canning. 

SUB'STAN-T£VE, a. 1. Betokening existence.— Arbuthnot. 
2. Solid; depending on itself. Bacon; [obs.] — Substantive 
color, one which communicates its color without the inter- 
vention of a mordant or base ; opposed to adjective color. 

SUB'STAN-TIVE, n. In grammar, a noun or name ; the 
part of speech which expresses something that exists, 
either material or immaterial. 



SUB'STAN-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. In substance ; essentially.— 
2. In grammar, as a name or noun. 

SUB'STlLE. n. See Substyle. 

SUB'STI-TUTE, v. t. [Fr. substituter ; It. sustituire ; Sp. nub- 
stituir ; L. substituo.] To put in the place of another.- 
Syn. To change ; exchange ; interchange. 

SUB'STI-TUTE, n. 1. One person put in the place of an- 
other to answer the same purpose. 2. One thing put in 
the place of another. — Syn. A deputy ; a secondary ; a 
proxy. 

SUB'STI-TU-TED, pp. Put in the place of another. 

SUB'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Putting in the place of another. 

SUB-STI-Tu'TION, n. 1. The act of putting one person or 
thing in the place of another to supply its place. — 2. In 
grammar, syllepsis, or the use of one word for another. 

SUB-STI-TO'TION- AL, a. Pertaining to substitution. 

SUB-STRACT', v. t. [L. subtraho, subtractum.] To subtract 
— Substract was formerly used in analogy with abstract ; 
but in modern usage it is written according to the Latin, 

SUB-STRAGTION, n. In law, the withdrawing or withhold- 
ing of some right. 

SUB'STRaTE, n. That which lies beneath; a substratum 
—Good. 

SUB'STRaTE, a. Having very slight furrows. 

SUB-STRa'TUM, n. ; pi. Substrata. [ L. substratus. ] 1. 
That which is laid or spread under ; a layer of earth lying 
under another.— 2. In metaphysics, the matter or substance 
supposed to furnish the basis in which the perceptible 
qualities inhere. 

SUB-STRUC'TION, n. [L. substructio.] Under-building. 

SUB-STRUCTURE, n. An under-structure ; a foundation. 

SUB-STY'LAR, a. Substylar line, the substyle, which see. 

SUB'STYLE, n. [sub and style.] In dialing, a right line on 
which the style or gnomon of a dial is erected, being the 
common section of the face of the dial and a plane per- 
pendicular to it passing through the style. — Hutton. 

SUB-SUL'PHATE, n, A sulphate with an excess of the base. 

SUB-SUL'TlVE, I a. [L. subsultus.] Bounding ; leaping ; 

* SUB-SUL'TO-RY, 5 moving by sudden leaps or starts, or 

by twitches. 

* SUB-SUL'TO-RI-LY, adv. In a bounding manner ; by 
leaps, starts, or twitches. — Bacon. 

SUB-SUL'TUS, n. [L.j In medicine, a starting, twitching, or 
convulsive motion. — Coze. 

\ SUB-SuME', v. t. [L. sub and sumo.] To assume as a po- 
sition by consequence. — Hammond. 

SUB-TAN'6ENT, n. In geometry, the part of the axis con- 
tained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the 
same point in a curve. 

SUB-TEND', v. t. [L. sub and tendo.] To extend under, or 
be opposite to ; as, the line of a triangle which subtends 
the right angle. 

SUB-TEND'ED, pp. Extended under. 

SUB-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending under. 

SUB-TENSE' (sub-tens'), n. [L. sub and tensus.] The chord 
of an arc. 

SUB-TEP'ID, a. [L. sub and tepidus.] Very moderately 
warm. 

SUB'TER, a Latin preposition, signifies under. 

SUB-TE-ReTE', a. Somewhat terete or taper. 

SUB-TER'FLU-ENT, ) a. [L. subterfiuens, subterfiuo.] Run- 

SUB-TER'FLU-OUS, $ ning under -or beneath. 

SUBTER-FU6E, n. [Fr.] Literally, that to which a person 
resorts for escape or concealment; hence, an artifice em- 
ployed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or 
to justify opinions or conduct. — Syn. Evasion; elusion; 
shift ; quirk ; escape ; prevarication. 

SUB'TEPl-RaNE, n. A cave or room under ground. 

SUB-TER-Ra'NE-AN, \a. [ L. subter, under, and terra, 

SUB-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, 5 earth ; Fr. souterrain ; It. softer- 
raneo.] Being or lying under the surface of the earth ; 
situated within the earth or under ground. [Subterraneal 
and subterrany are not in use.] 

t SUB-TER-RAN'I-TY, n. A place under ground. 

t SUB'TER-RA-NY. n. What lies under ground. 

SUB'TER-ReNE, a. Subterraneous.— Taylor. 

SUB'ULE, a. [Fr. subtil ; L. subtilis ; It. sottile. This word, 
except in the first two senses, is now more generally pro- 
nounced sutftl.] 1. Thin ; not dense or gross. 2. Nice ; 
fine ; delicate. 3. Acute ; piercing. 4. Sly ; artful ; cun- 
ning ; crafty ; insinuating. 5. Planned by art ; deceitful. 
6. Deceitful ; treacherous. 7. Refined ; fine ; acute. 

SUB'TILE-LY, adv. 1. Thinly ; not densely. 2. Finely ; 
not grossly or thickly. 3. Artfully ; cunningly ; craftily. 

SUB'TiLE-NESS.ti. 1. Thinness; rareness. 2. Fineness, 
acuteness. 3. Cunning ; artfulness. 

t SUB-TIL'I-ITE, v. t. To make thin.— Harvey. 

t SUB-TIL-I-A'TION, n. The act of making thin or rare. 

SUB-TIL'I-TY, n. Fineness.— Smellie. 

SUB-TIL-I-ZA'TION, n. 1. The act of makicg subtile, fine, 
or thin. — In the laboratory, the operation of making so vols 
tile as to rise in vapor. 2. Refinement ; extreme acuteness 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, E, I <fec, short.— F aR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



sue 



987 



sue 



BUB'TTL-lZE, v. t. [Fr. subtiliser.) 1. To make thin or fine ; 
to make less gross or coarse. 2. To refine ; to spin into 
niceties L 

SUB'TIL-lZE, v. i. To refine in argument ; to make very- 
nice distinctions. — Milner. 

SUB'TIL-IZ-ED, pp. Made thin or fine. 

SUB'TIL-IZ-ING, ppr. Making thin or fine ; refining. 

SUB'TIL-TY, n. [Fr. subtilite ; L. subtilkas. This word, 
except in the first sense, is very generally pronounced 
suttl] 1. T hinn ess ; fineness ; exility. 2. Refinement ; 
extreme acuteness. 3. Slyness in design; cunning; ar- 
tifice. 

SUBTLE (suftl), a. [See Subtile.] 1. Sly in design ; as, a 
subtle enemy. 2. Cunningly devised. — Syn. Artful ; cun- 
ning ; insinuating ; wily. 

SUB'TLE-TY (sutUte). See Subtilty. 

SUBTLY (sufle), adv. 1. Slyly ; artfully; cunningly.— Mil- 
ton. 2. Nicely; delic ately. —Pope. 

SUBTON'IC, \ n. The semitone, or note next below 

SUB-SEMl-ToNE, 5 the tonic ; the leading note of the 
scale. 

SUBTRACT, v. t. [L. subtraho, subtractus.] To withdraw 
or take a part from the rest ; to deduct. 

SUBTRACTED, pp. Withdrawn from the rest ; deducted. 

SUBTRACTER, n. 1. He who subtracts. 2. The number 
to be taken from a larger number ; [obs.] 

SUBTRACTING, ppr. Withdrawing from the rest. 

SUBTRACTION, n. [L. subtract™.] 1. The act or opera- 
tion of taking a part from the rest. — 2. In arithmetic, the 
taking of a lesser number or quantity from a greater of 
the same kind or denomination. 

SUBTRACT'lVE, a. Tending or having power to sub- 
tract. 

SUB-TRA-HEND', n. In arithmetic, the sum or number to 
be subtracted or taken from another. 

SUBTRANS-Lu'CENT, a. Imperfectly translucent. 

SUBTRANS-PIR'ENT, a. Imperfectly transparent. 

SUB-TRl'FID, a. Slightly trifid.— Martyn. 

SUB-TRIP'LE (-tripl), a. [sub and triple.] Containing a 
third, or one part of three. — Wilkins. 

SUBTRIP'LI-CATE, a. A term applied to ratio, indicating 
the ratio of the cube roots. — A. D. Stanley. 

SUB-TUTOR, n. [sub and tutor.] An under-tutor.— Burnet. 

SUB'U-LATE, a. [L. subula.] In natural history, awl-shaped ; 
linear, very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point 
from a broadish base. — Lindley. 

r SUB-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. sub and unda.] Flood ; deluge. 
— Huloet. 

SUB-UN"GUAL, a. [L. sub and unguis.] Under the nail. 

SUBURB, n. s., ? [L. suburbium.] 1. A building without 

SUB'URBS, n. pi. j the walls of a city, but near them ; or, 
more generally, the parts that He without the walls, but in 
the vicinity of a city. 2. The confines ; the out-part. 

SUB-URB'AN, \a. [L. suburbanus.] Inhabiting or being in 

SUB-URB1-AL, 5 the suburbs of a city. 

SUBTJRB.ED, a. Bordering on a suburb ; having a suburb 
on its out-part. — Carew. 

SUB-URB-I-CaTII-AN, \ a. [Low L. suburbicarius.] Being in 

SUB-URB'I-CI-RY, 5 the suburbs ; applied to the prov- 
inces of Italy in the ancient diocese of Rome. — Barrow. 

SUB-VA-Rl E-TY, n. [sub and variety.] A subordinate vari- 
ety. [Not used.] 

I SUB-VENTl'NE-OUS, a. [Latin subventaneus.] Addle ; 
windy. 

SUB-VENTION, n. [L. subvenio.] 1. The act of coming un- 
der. 2. The act of coming to relief; support; aid; [little 
used.] 

SUB-VERSE' (sub-versO, v. t. To subvert.— Spenser. 

SUB-VERSION (-shun), n. [Fr. ; L. subversio.] Entire over- 
throw ; an overthrow of the foundation. — Syn. Destruc- 
tion ; ruin ; overturning ; downfall ; extinction ; sivppres- 
sion. 

SUB-VERS'IVE, a. Tending to subvert ; having a tendency 
to overthrow and ruin. 

SUB-VERT, v. t. [L. subverto ; Fr., Sp. subvertir.] 1. To 
overthrow from the foundation ; to ruin utterly. 2. To 
pervert the mind, and turn it from the trutn. 2 Tim., ii. — 
Syn. Overturn ; overthrow ; destroy ; invert ; reverse , 
extinguish. 

SUB- VERTED, pp. Overthrown; overturned; entirely de- 
stroyed. 

SUB-VERTER, n. One who subverts ; an overthrower. 

SUB-VERTI-BLE, a. That may be subverted. 

SUB-VERTTNG, ppr. Overthrowing ; entirely destroying. 

SUB-WdRK'ER, n. A subordinate worker or helper. 

SUC-CE-DI'NE-OUS, a. [L. succedaneus.] Supplying the 
place of something else ; being or employed as a substi- 
tute. — Boyle. 

SUC-CE-DI/NE-UM, n. That which is used for something 
else ; a substitute. — Warburton. 

SUC-CEED', v. t. [Fr. succeder ; It. succedere ; Sp. suceder ; 
L. suecedo.] 1. To follow in order ; to take the place 
which another has left 2. To follow ; to come after ; to 



be subsequent or consequent. 3. To prosper ; to make 
successful. — Dry den. — Watts ; [rare.] 

SUC-CEED', v. i. 1. To follow in order ; to ensue. 2. To 
come in the place of one who has died or quitted the place, 
or of that which has preceded. 3. To obtain the object 
desired ; to accomplish what is attempted or intended ; to 
have a prosperous termination. 4. To terminate with 
advantage ; to have a good effect 5 To go under cover ; 
[little -used.] 

SUC-CEED'ED, pp. Followed in order ; prospered ; attend- 
ed with success. 

SUC-CEED'ER, n. One who follows or comes in the place 
of another ; a successor. [Little used.] 

SUC-CEEDTNG, ppr. or a. 1. Following in order ; subse- 
quent ; coming after. 2. Taking the place of another who 
has quitted the place, or i3 dead. 3. Giving success ; pros 
pering. 

SUCCEEDING, n. The act or state of prospering or hav- 
ing success. 

SUG-CENTOR, n. A person who sings the base in a con- 
cert. 

SUC-CESS', n. [Fr. succes ; L. successus.] 1. The favorable 
or prosperous termination of any thing attempted; a 
termination which answers the purpose intended ; usual- 
ly, when without an epitliet, in a good sense. 2. Succes- 
sion ; [obs.] 

SUC-CESS'FUL, a. Terminating in accomplishing what is 
wished or intended ; having the desired effect. — Syn. 
Happy ; prosperous ; fortunate ; auspicious ; lucky. 

SUCCESS'FUL-LY, adv. With a favorable termination of 
what is attempted ; prosperously ; favorably.— Swift. 

SUCCESS'FUL-NESS, n. Prosperous conclusion ; favora- 
ble event ; success. — Hammond. 

SUCCESSION (-sesh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. successio.] 1. A fol- 
lowing of things in order ; consecution ; series of things 
following one another, either in time or place. 2. The act 
of succeeding or coming in the place of another. 3. Line- 
age ; race ; an order or series of descendants. 4. The 
power or right of coming to the inheritance of ancestors. 
— Apostolical succession, in theology, is the regular and un- 
interrupted transmission of ministerial authority, by a 
succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent 
period. Hook. — 5. In music, the successive notes in mel- 
ody, in distinction from the successive chords of harmo- 
ny, called progression. — Succession of crops, in agriculture, 
is more generally called rotation. 

SUC-CES'SION-AL, a. Noting a regular order or succes 
sion. 

SU€-CES'SION-AL-LY, adv. In a successional manner. 

SUG-CESS'lVE, a. [Fr. successif ; It. successivo.] 1. Follow- 
ing in order or uninterrupted course, as a series of per- 
sons or things, and either in time or place. 2. Inherited 
by succession ; as, a successive title ; [rare.] 

SUC-CESS'lVE-LY, adv. In a series or order, one follow- 
ing another. 

SUCCESSTVE-NESS, n. The state of being successive. 

SUCCESS'LESS, a. Having no success ; unprosperous , 
unfortunate ; failing to accomplish what was intended. 

SU€-CESS'LESS-LY, adv. Without success.— Hammond. 

SUC-CESS'LESS-NESS, n. Unprosperous conclusion. 

* SUC-CESS'OR, n. [L.] One who succeeds or follows , 
one who takes the place which another has left, and sus- 
tains the like part or character ; correlative to predecessor. 

SUC-CIDTJ-OUS, a. [L. succiduus.] Ready to fall ; falling. 
[Little used.] 

SUCCIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. succus and fero.] Producing or 
conveying sap. 

SUC'CI-NATE, n. [L. succinum.] A salt formed by the sue 
cinic acid and & base. 

SUC'CI-Na-TED, a. Combined with the acid of amber. 

SUC-CINCT, a. [L. succinctus.] 1. Tucked up ; girded 
up ; drawn up to permit the legs to be free ; [rare.] 2. 
Compressed into a narrow compass. — Syn. Snort ; brief 
concise ; compendious ; summary ; laconic. 

SUC-CINCTLY, adv. Briefly ; concisely. 

SUC-CINCTNESS, n. Brevity ; conciseness. 

SUC-CIN'IC, a. Pertaining to amber ; drawn from ambei , 
as, succinic acid. 

SUC'CI-NlTE, n. [L. succinum.] A mineral of an amber 
color, considered as a variety of garnet 

SUC'CI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to amber. 

SUCCOR, v. t. [Fr. secourir ; It. soccorrcre ; Sp. socorrer ; L. 
succxirro.] Literally, to run to, or run to support ; hence, 
to help when in difficulty, want, or distress. — Syn. To aid ; 
assist ; relieve ; deliver ; cherish ; comfort. 

SUCCOR, n. 1. Aid; help; assistance; particularly, assist- 
ance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want, or 
distress. 2. The person or thing that brings relief. 

SUCCORED, pp. Assisted ; relieved. 

SUCCOR-ER, n. He who affords relief; a helper ; a deliv 
erer. 

SUCCOR-ING, ppr. Assisting; relieving. 

SUCCOR-LESS, a. Destitute ofchelp or relief.— Thomson. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € asK;6asJ;SasZ;CHasSH;THasin this, t Obsolete. 



SUJ) 



988 



^bF 



SU€ CO-RY, n. A plays of the genus cichorium, commonly 

called chiccory or wild endive. — P. Cyc. 
SUCCO-TASH, n. In America, green maize and beans boil- 
ed together. The dish, as well as the name, is borrowed 

from the native Indians. 
SUC'-GU-BA, ? n. [L. sub and cubo.] A pretended kind of 
SU€'€ U-BUS, 3 demon.— Mir. for Mag. 
SUC'CU-LENCE, 1„ T • . 
SU€'€U-LEN-CY, r* Juicmess - 

SU€'€U-LENT, a. [Fr.; L. succulentus.] Full of juice; 
, juicy ; very cellular and juicy, as the stems of certain 

plants. 
SU€'€U-LENT-LY, adv. Juicily. 
SUC-CUMB, v. i. [L. succumbo.] 1. To yield; to submit. 

2. To yield ; to sink unresistingly. 
SU€-€UMB'ING.£pr. Yielding; submitting; sinking. 
SU€-€US-Sa'TION, n. [L. succusso.] 1. A trot or trotting. 

— Brown. 2. A shaking ; succussion. 
SU€-€US'SION (-kush'un), n. [L. succussio.] 1. The act of 

shaking ; a shake. — 2. In medicine, an ague ; a shaking. 
SUCH, a. [Perhaps a contraction of Sax. swelc, swylc, G. 

soldi, D. zolk ; but more probably the Russ. sitze, sitzev.] 

1. Of that kind ; of the like kind. 2. The same that. 3. 
The same as what has been mentioned. 4. Referring to 
what has been specified. — 5. Such and such is used in ref- 
erence to a person or place of a certain kind. 

STJ-GK, v. t. [Sax. sucan, succan ; G. saugen ; D. zuigen ; 
Sw. saga ; L. sugo ; Fr. sucer ; It. succiare, succhiare.] 1. 
To draw with the mouth ; to draw out, as a liquid from a 
cask, or milk from the breast ; to draw into the mouth. 

2. To draw milk from with the mouth. 3. To draw into 
the mouth ; to imbibe. 4. To draw or drain. 5. To draw 
in, as a whirlpool ; to absorb. 6. To inhale. — To suck in, 
to draw into the mouth ; to imbibe ; to absorb. — To suck 
out, to draw out with the mouth ; to empty by suction. — 
To suck up, to draw into the mouth. 

SUCK, v. i. 1. To draw by exhausting the air, as with the 
mouth, or with a tube. 2. To draw the breast. 3. To 
draw in ; to imbibe. 

SUCK, n. 1. The act of drawing with the mouth. — Boyle. 
2. Milk drawn from the breast by the mouth. — Shak. 

SUCK.ED (sukt), pp. Drawn with the mouth, or with an 
instrument that exhausts the air ; imbibed ; absorbed. 

SUCKER, n. 1. He or that which draws with the mouth. 
2. The embolus or piston of a pump. 3. A pipe through 
which any thing is drawn. 4. The shoot of a plant from 
the roots or lower part of the stem. 5. A fish of the fam- 
ily cyclopteridce, one of which is called the lump-sucker or 
lump-fish, which see. Also, the remora, which see. 6. A 
fresh-water fish of the carp family, and genus catostomus. 
— Storer's Mass. Export. 7. A cant name for an inhabitant 
of Illinois. 

SUCK'ER, v. t. To strip oft' shoots ; to deprive of suckers. 

SUCK'ET, n. A sweetmeat for the mouth. — Cleaveland. 

SUCKING, ppr. or a. Drawing with the mouth or with an 
instrument ; imbibing ; absorbing. 

SUCK'ING-BOT'TLE, n. A bottle to be filled with milk 
for infants to suck, instead of the pap. — Locke. 

SUGK'ING-PUMP, n. See Suction-pump. 

f SUCK'LE (sukl), n. A teat. 

SUCK'LE, v. t. To give suck to ; to nurse at the breast. 

SUCKLED, pp. Nursed at the breast. 

SUCKLING, ppr. Nursing at the breast. 

SUCKLING, n. 1. A young child or animal nursed at the 
breast — Ps. viii. 2. A sort of white clover. — Cyc. 

SUCTION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of sucking or drawing into 
the mouth. 2. The act of drawing, as fiuids, into a pipe. 

SUCTION-PUMP, n. The common pump, in which the 
water is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. 

SU€-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Adapted for sucking ; that live by 
sucking ; as, the humming-birds are suctorial birds. — 
Swainson. 2. Capable of adhering by suction; as, the 
suctorial fishes. — P. Cyc. 

SUC-To'RI-AN, n. A name of cartilaginous fishes with a 
mouth adapted for suction, as the lamprey. — Brande. 

SUC-To'RI-OUS, a Suctorial. [Rare.] 

Su'DAK, n. A fish, a species of perca. — Tookc. 

\ SfJ'DA-RY, n. [L. sudarium.] A napkin or handkerchief. 

SU-DITION, n. [L. sudatio.] A sweating. 

SU'DA-TO-RY, n. [L. sudatorium.] A hot-house ; a sweat- 
ing-bath. — Herbert. 

Su'DA-TO-RY, a. Sweating. 

SUD'DEN, a. [Sax. soden ; Fr. soudain.] 1. Happening 
without previous notice ; coming unexpectedly, or with- 
out the common preparatives. 2. Hasty ; violent ; rash ; 
precipitate ; passionate ; [o&s.]— Syn. Unexpected ; unan- 
ticipated ; unusual ; abrupt ; unlooked-for. 

\ SUD'DEN, n. An unexpected occurrence ; surprise. — On 
a sudden, sooner than was expected ; without the usual 
preparatives. — Milton. 

SUD'DEN-LY, adv. 1. In an unexpected manner ; unex- 
pectedly ; hastily ; without preparation. 2. Without pre- 
meditation. 



coming or 



SUD'DEN-NESS, n. State of being sudden , 
happening without previous notice. 

SU-DOR-IF'I€, a. [Fr. sudorifique.] Causing sweat- Bacon. 

SU-DOR-IF'IC, n. A medicine that produces sweat. Coze. 

Su'DOR-OUS, a. [L. sudor.] Consisting of sweat. — Brown. 

SO'DRA, n. [Often spelled Soodrah.] The lowest of the four 
great castes among the Hindoos. 

SUDS, n. sing. Water impregnated with soap.— To be in 
the suds, to be in turmoil or difficulty ; [a familiar phrase.] 

SuE (su), v. t. [Fr. suivre.] 1. To seek justice or right from 
one by legal process; to institute process in law against 
one ; to prosecute in a civil action for the recovery of u 
real or supposed right. 2. To gain by legal process. 3. 
To clean the beak, as a hawk ; [a term of falconry.] — To sue, 
out, to petition for and take out ; or to apply for and ob- 
tain. 

SuE, v. i. 1. To prosecute ; to make legal claim ; to seek 
for in law. 2. To seek by request ; to apply for ; to peti- 
tion ; to entreat. 3. To make interest for ; to demand. 

SuED (sude), pp. Prosecuted ; sought in law. 

t Su'ER, n. One who seeks to obtain by treaty ; a suitoi. 
Lord. 

Su'ET, n. [W. swyv and swyved.] The fat of an animal, par- 
ticularly the harder and less fusible part about the kidneys 
and loins. 

Su'ET-Y, a. Consisting of suet, or resembling it. 

SUF'FER, v. t. [L. suffero; Fr. souffrir ; It. sofferire ; Sp. 
sufrir.] 1. To feel or bear what is painful, disagreeable, 
or distressing, either to the body or mind ; to undergo. 2. 
To endure ; to support ; to sustain ; not to sink under. 3 
To allow ; to permit ; tolerate ; not to forbid or hinder 
4. To undergo ; to be affected by. 5. To sustain ; to be 
affected by. 

SUF'FER, v. i. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind ; 
to bear what is inconvenient. 2. To undergo, as punish- 
ment. 3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. — 
Temple. 

SUF'FER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be tolerated or permitted ; 
allowable. 2. That may be endured or borne. 

SUF'FER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Tolerableness.— Scott. 

SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. Tolerably ; so as to be endured. 

SUF'FER-ANCE, n. 1. The bearing of pain ; pain endured. 
2. A bearing with patience. 3. Allowance ; negative con- 
sent by not forbidding or hindering. — Syn. Endurance; 
pain ; misery ; inconvenience ; patience ; moderation ; 
toleration ; permission. 

SUFTER.ED, pp. Borne ; undergone ; permitted ; allowed. 

SUF'FER-ER, n. One who endures or undergoes pain, ei- 
ther of body or mind ; one who sustains inconvenience or 
loss. 2. One who permits or allows. 

SUF'FER-ING, ppr. or a. Bearing ; undergoing pain, incon- 
venience, or damage ; permitting ; allowing. 

SUF'FER-ING, n. The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or 
loss ; pain endured ; distress, loss, or injury incurred. 

SUF'FER-ING-LY, adv. With suffering or pain. 

SUF-FlCE' (suf-fize'), v. i. [Fr. suffire ; L. sujficio.] To be 
enough or sufficient ; to be equal to the end proposed. 

SUF-FlCE' (suf-fize'), v. t. 1. To satisfy ; to content ; to be 
equal to the wants or demands of. 2. To aftbrd ; to sup- 
ply ; [obs.] 

SUF-FlCED' (suf-fizd'), pp. Satisfied ; adequately supplied. 

SUF-Fl"CIEN-CY (suf-fish'en-se), n. 1. The state of being 
adequate to the end proposed. 2. Qualification for any 
purpose. 3. Competence ; adequate substance or means. 
4. Supply equal to wants ; ample stock or fund. 5. 
Ability ; adequate power. 6. Conceit ; self-confidence. 

SUF-Fl"CIENT (suf-fish'ent), a. _ [L. sufficiens.] 1. Equal to 
the end proposed; not deficient. 2. Qualified; compe 
tent ; possessing adequate talents or accomplishments. 3. 
Fit ; able ; of competent power or ability. — Syn. Enough ; 
adequate; competent; full; satisfactory; ample. 

SUF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. To a sufficient degree ; enough ; 
to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content. 

SUF-FIC'rNG (suf-fiz'ing), ppr. Supplying what is needed ; 
satisfying. 

t SUF-Fl'SANCE, n. [Fr.] Sufficiency ; plenty.— Spenser. 

SUF'FIX, n. [L. svffixus, suffigo.] A letter or syllable added 
or annexed to the end of a word. — Parkhurst. 

SUF-FIX', v. t. To add a letter or syllable to a word. 

SUF-FIX.ED', (suf-fixf), pp. Added to the end of a word. 

SUF-FIX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word. 

SUF-FLAM'I-NXTE, v. t. [L. sufflamen.] 1. To retard the 
motion of a carriage by preventing one or more of its 
wheels from revolving, as by a chain, &c. 2. To stop ; to 
impede. — Barrow ; [not in use.] 

SUF-FLXTE', v. t. [L. sufflo.] To blow up ; to inflate. 

SUF-FLI'TION, n. [L. sufflatio.] The act of blowing up or 
inflating. — Coles. 

SUF'FO-CaTE, v. t. [Fr. suffoquer ; It. suffogare ; Sp. sufo- 
car ; L. suffoco.] 1. To choke or kill by stopping respira- 
tion. 2. To stifle ; to smother ; to destroy ; to e-xtinguish. 
— Collier. 

SUF'FO-CATE, a. Suffocated.— Shak. 



See Synopsis, 1, E, I, &c, long.— A, e, i, &c, short.^-F aR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



SUG 



989 



SUL 



SUFTO-CI-TED, pp. Choked; stifled. 

SUF'FO-€I-TING, ppr. or a. Choking ; stifling. 

SUFTO-CI-TING-LY, adv. So as to suffocate. 

SUF-FO-CITION, n. 1. The act of choking or stifling ; a 
stopping of respiration ; strangling. 2. The act of stifling, 
destroying, or extinguishing ; smothering. 

SUF'FO-CI-TIVE, a. Tending or able to choke or stifle. 

SUF-FOS'SION (-fosh'un), n. [L. suffossio.] A digging un- 
der ; an undermining. — Bp. Hall. 

SUF'FRA-GAN, a. [Fr. suffragant ; It. suffraganeo ; L. suf- 
fragans.] Assisting ; as, a suffragan bishop. 

SUF'FRA-GAN, n. A bishop, considered as an assistant to 
his metropolitan ; or, rather, an assistant bishop. 

f SUF'FRA-GANT, n. An assistant ; a favorer ; one who 
concurs with. — Taylor. 

fSUF'FRA-GITE, v. t. [L. mffragor.] To vote with. 

cUF'FRA-Ga-TOR, n. [L.] One who assists or favors by 
his vote.— Bp. of Chester. 

SUF'FRAGE, n. [L. suffragium; Fr. suffrage.] 1. A vote; 
a voice given in deciding a controverted question, or in 
the choice of a man for an office or trust. 2. United voice 
of persons in public prayer. 3. Aid ; assistance ; a Latin- 
ism; \obs.] 

SUF-FRAG'IN-OUS, a [L. svffrago.] Pertaining to the knee- 
joint of a beast. — Brown. 

SUF-FRU-TES'CENT, a. Moderately frutescent. 

SUF-FRu'TI-€oSE, a. [L. sub and fruticosus.] In botany, 
under-shrubby, or part shrubby, intermediate between 
the shrub and the herb. 

SUF-Fu'MI-GaTE, v. t. [L. suffumigo.] To apply fumes or 
smoke to the parts of the body. 

BUF-Fu'MI-Ga-TING, ppr. Applying fumes to the parts of 
the body. 

SUF-FU-MI-GI'TION, n. 1. Fumigation ; the operation of 
smoking any thing, or of applying fumes to the parts of the 
body. 2. A term applied to all medicines that are received 
in the form of fumes. 

SUF-Fu'MI6E, n. A medical fume.— Harvey. 

SUF-FuSE' (suf-fuze^), v. t. [L. suffusus.] To overspread, 
as with a fluid or tincture. — Pope. 

SUF-FuS£D' (suf-fuzd'), pp. Overspread, as with a fluid. 

SUF-FuS'ING (suf-fuz'ing), ppr. Overspreading, as with a 
fluid or tincture. 

SUF-Fu'SION (suf-fii'zhun), n. [Fr. ; L. suffusio.] 1. The 
act or operation of overspreading, as with a fluid. 2. The 
state of being suffused or spread over. 3. That which is 
suffused or spread over. 

SUG, n. [L. sugo.] A kind of worm. — Walton. 

SUGAR (shug'ar), n. [Fr. sucre ; Arm. sucr ; Sp. azucar ; It. 
zucckero ; G. zucker ; D. suiker ; Dan. sokker, sukker ; Sw. 
socker ; W. sugyr.] 1. A well-known sweet crystalline 
or concrete substance, manufactured chiefly from the 
sugar-cane. It is also obtained from the sap of the sugar- 
maple and from the beet. 2. An old chemical term ; as, 
the sugar of lead, so called because it has a close resem- 
blance to sugar in appearance and tastes sweet ; acetate 
of lead. 

SUG'AR (shug'ar), v. t. 1. To impregnate, season, cover, 
sprinkle, or mix with sugar. 2. To sweeten. 

SJJG'AR-BaK'ER, n. One who makes loaf-sugar. — John- 
son's Idler. 

SUG'AR-CANTJY (shug'ar-kan'dy), n. [sugar and candy.] 
Sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized. 

SUGAR-CaNE, n. [sugar and cane.\ The cane or plant 
from whose juice sugar is obtained, saccharum offici- 
narum. 

SUGAR-HOUSE, n. A building in which sugar is refined. 

SUGAR-KETTLE, n. A kettle used in boiling down the 
sap or juice from which sugar is made. 

SUG'AR-Lq AF, n. A conical mass of refined sugar. 

SUGAR-Ma'PLE, ~>n. A species of maple, the acer sac- 

SUG'AR-TREE, 3 charinum, from whose sap sugar is 
made by boiling. 

SUGAR-MILL, n. A machine for pressing out the juice of 
the sugar-cane. 

SUGAR-MiTE, n. An active, wingless insect, of a shining, 
silvery hue, lepisma saccharina, found in old closets, boxes, 
&c. 

SUGAR.-PLUM, n. [sugar and plum.] A species of sweet- 
meat, in small balls. 

SUGARED (shug'ard), pp. or a. Sweetened. 

SUGAR-LESS (shug'ar-les), a. Free from sugar. 

SUGAR- Y (shug'ar-e), a. 1. Tinctured or sweetened with 
sugar ; sweet ; tasting like sugar. 2. Fond of sugar, or of 
sweet things. 3. Containing sugar. — Ash. 4. Like sugar. 
— Ash. 

SU-dES'CENT, a. [L. sugens.] Relating to sucking. — Paley. 

*SUG-(JEST, v. t. [L. suggero, suggestus ; It. suggerire; 
Fr. suggerer.] 1. To intimate or mention in the first in- 
stance. 2. To offer to the mind or thoughts. 3. To se- 
duce ; to draw to ill by insinuation ; [obs.] 4. To inform 
secretly ; [obs.] — Syn. To hint ; allude ; refer to ; glance 
at ; insinuate. 



* SUGGESTED, pp. Hinted ; intimated. 

* SUG-GEST'ER, n. One who suggests. 
SUGGESTING, ppr. Hinting; intimating. 

* SUGGESTION (sug-jestyun), n. [Fr. ; from suggest.] 1. 
A hint ; a first intimation, proposal, or mention. 2. Pres- 
entation of an idea to the mind. 3. Insinuation ; secret 
notification or incitement. — 4. In law, information without 
oath. 

* SUG-GEST'lVE, a. Containing a hint or intimation 
t SUGGIL, v. t. [L. suggillo.] To defame.— Parker. 

t SUG'6IL-aTE, v. t. [L. suggillo.] To beat livid or black 
and blue. 

t SUG-GIL-a'TION, n. A livid or black and blue matk; a 
blow ; a bruise. 

Su-I-Cl'DAL, a. Partaking of the crime of suicide. 

Su-I-Cl'DAL-LY, adv. In a suicidal manner. 

Su'I-ClDE, n. [Fr. ; L. suicidium.] 1. Self-murder ; the act 
of designedly destroying one's own life. 2. One guilty of 
self-murder ; a felo de se. 

Su'I-Cl-DISM, n. State of self-murdering. 

t Sul-CISM, for suicide. 

SU'I GfEN'ER-IS. [L.] Of its own or peculiar kind ; sin- 
gular. 

t Su'IL-LA6E, n. [Fr. souillage.] Drain of filth.— Wotton 

Su'ING, ppr. of sue. Prosecuting. 

t Su'ING, n. [Fr. suer ; L. sudo.] The process of soaking 
_through any thing. — Bacon. 

SuIT (sute), n. [Norm, suit or suyt ; Fr. suit.] 1. Consecu- 
tion ; succession ; series ; regular order ; [obs.] 2. A set ; 
a number of things used together, and in a degree neces- 
sary to be united, in order to answer the purpose. 3. A 
set of the same kind or stamp. 4. Retinue ; a compand- 
or number of attendants or followers ; attendance ; train : 
as, a nobleman and his suit. [This is sometimes pro- 
nounced as a French word, sweet] 5. A petition ; prayer ; 
request ; a seeking for something by petition or applica- 
tion. 6. Solicitation of a woman in marriage ; courtship 
— 7. In law, an action or process for the recovery of a 
right or claim ; legal application to a court for justice ; 
prosecution of right before any tribunal. 8. Pursuit ; 
_prosecution ; chase. 

SuIT, v. t. To fit ; to adapt ; to make proper. 2. To he. 
come ; to be fitted to. 3. To dress ; to clothe. 4. T 
jflease ; to make content. 

SuIT, v. i. To be suitable ; to have corresponding qualities 
—Syn. To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; 
match ; answer. 

StJIT'A-BLE, a. 1. Having correspondent qualities accord 
ing with ; agreeable to. 2. Adequate. — Syn. Proper ; fit- 
ting ; becoming ; accordant ; competent ; correspondent 

SuIT'A-BLE-NESS, n. A state of being adapted or accom- 
modated. — Syn. Fitness ; propriety ; agreeableness ; cor- 
respondence; congruity; compatibility; consistency; con- 
sonance. 

SuIT'A-BLY, adv. Fitly ; agreeably ; with propriety. 

* SUiTE (sweet), n. [Fr.] Retinue. See Suit, No. 4. 
SUITED, pp. Fitted; adapted; pleased. 
SUITING, ppr. Fitting ; according with ; becoming. 
SuITOR, n. One who sues or prosecutes a demand of right 

in law, as a plaintiff, petitioner, or appellant. 2. One who 
attends a court, whether plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, 
appellant, witness, juror, and the like. 3. A petitioner ; an 
applicant. 4. One who solicits a woman in marriage ; a 
wooer ; a lover. 

SUITRESS, n. A female supplicant— Rowe. 

SUL'-GATE, > a. [L. sulcus, a furrow.] In natural history, 

SUL'€a-TED, ) marked by longitudinal channels ; fur- 
rowed ; grooved. — Martyn. 

t SULK, v. i. [Sax. solcen.] To be sluggishly discontented ; 
to be silently sullen ; to be morose or obstinate. 

SULK1-LY, adv. In the sulks ; morosely. — Iron Chest. 

SULK'I-NESS, n. Sullenness ; sourness ; moroseness. 

SULKS, n. pi. To be in the sulks is to be sulky, or discon- 
tented and sullen. 

SULK'Y, a. [Sax. solcen.] Sullen; sour; heavy; obsti 
nate ; morose. — As. Res. 

SULKY, n. A two-wheeled carriage for a single person. 

t SULL, n. [Sax. sulh.] A plow. — Ainsworth. 

SUL'LA6E, n. A drain of filth, or filth collected from the 
street or highway.— Cyc. See Sulliage. 

SUL'LEN, a. 1. Gloomily angry and silent; cross: sour; 
affected with ill humor ; morose ; splenetic. 2. Mischiov 
ous ; malignant. 3. Obstinate ; intractable. 4. Gloomy . 
dark ; dismal. 5. Heavy ; dull ; sorrowful. 

t SUL'LEN, v. t. To make sullen.— Fellows. 

SUL'LEN-LY, adv. Gloomily; malignantly; intractably 
with moroseness. — Dryden. 

SUL'LEN-NESS, n. Ill nature with silence.— Syn. Morose- 
ness ; gloominess ; malignity ; hatractableness ; intractabil- 
ity; sulkiness. 

t SUL'LENS, n. pi. A morose temper ; gloominess. 

t SUL'LI-AGE, n. [Fr. souillage.] Foulness ; filth. 

SUL'LI.ED (sullid), pp. Soiled ; tarnished ; stained. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; A as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SUM 



990 



SUM 



SUL'L Y, v. t. [Fr. souiller.] 1. To soil ; to dirt ; to spot ; to 
tarnish. 2. To tamish ; to darken. 3. To stain ; to tarnish. 

SUL'L Y, v. i. To be soiled or tarnished. — Bacon. 

SUL'L Y, n. Soil ; tarnish ; spot.— Spectator. 

SUL'L Y-ING, ppr. Soiling; tarnishing; staining. 

SUL'PHATE, n. [from sulphur.] A salt formed by sulphu- 
ric acid in combination with any base. 

SULTHlTE, n. A salt formed by a combination of sulphur- 
ous acid with a base. 

SUL-PHO-CY-AN'I€ ACID, n. A compound of sulphur, 
carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. 

SUL-PHO-NAPH-THALTC ACID, n. A compound of sul- 
phuric acid and naphthaline. 

SUL'PHO-SALT, \ n. A double sulphuret, or a salt con- 

SUL'PHO-SEL, 5 taining sulphur in both the acid and the 
base. — Dana. 

SUL-PHO-VIN'I€ ACID, n. An acid formed by the ac- 
tion of sulphuric acid upon alcohol ; cenothionic acid. — 
Brandt. 

SUL'PHUR, n. [L. ; Fr. soufre ; It. zolfo ; D. solfer.] A sim- 
ple mineral substance, of a yellow color, brittle, insoluble 
in water, but fusible by heat ; also called brimstone. Sul- 
phur burns with a pale blue flame, attended with suffo- 
cating fumes. 

SULTHUR-W6RT (-wurt), n. An umbelliferous herb, 
hog's fennel, of the genus peucedanum. 

SUL'PHU-RATE, a. [L. sulphuratus.] Belonging to sul- 
phur ; of the color of sulphur.— More. [Little used.] 

\ SUL'PHU-RaTE, v. t. To combine with sulphur. 

t SULTHU-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Combined with sulphur. 

t SUL'PHU-RI-TING, ppr. Combining or impregnating with 
sulphur. 

SUL-PKU-Ra'TION, n. The subjecting of a thing to the ac- 
tion of sulphur, especially of sulphurous gas. — Ure. 

SUL'PHU-RET, n. A combination of sulphur with a base. 

SUL-PHu'RE-OUS, a. Consisting of sulphur; having the 
qualities of sulphur or brimstone ; impregnated with sul- 
phur. 

SUL-PHU'RE-OUS-LY, adv. In a sulphureous manner. 

SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being sulphu- 
reous. 

SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Applied to bodies having sulphur in 
combination. — Sulphureted hydrogen is a colorless gas, with 
the fetid odor of rotten eggs, composed of one equivalent 
of sulphur and one of hydrogen ; also called hydrosulphu- 
■ric acid. 

SUL-PHu'RIC, a. Pertaining to sulphur ; more strictly, des- 
ignating an acid formed by one equivalent of sulphur com- 
bined with three of oxygen. — Sulphuric ether, common 
ether, [see Ether,] popularly called oil of vitriol. 

SUL'PHUR-OUS, a. Like sulphur ; containing sulphur ; 
also, designating an acid formed by one equivalent of sul- 
phur combined with two of oxygen. 

SUL'PHUR- Y, a. Partaking of sulphur ; having the quali- 
ties of sulphur. 

SUL'TAN, n. fqu. Ch., Syr., Heb. fcgHDi to rule.] An appel- 
lation given to the emperor of the Turks. The title is 
sometimes given to other Mohammedan sovereigns. 

SUL'TAN-FLOW-ER, a. A plant, a species of centaurea. 

SUL-Ta'NA, > n. The queen of a sultan ; the empress of 

SUL'TAN-ESS, > the Turks.— Cleaveland. 

SUL'TAN-RY, n. An eastern empire ; the dominions of a 
sultan. — Bacon. 

SUL'TAN-SHIP, n. The office or state of a sultan. 

SUL'TRI-NESS, n. The state of being sultry. 

SUL'TRY, a. [G. schioul ; Sax. swolath, swole.] 1. Very hot, 
burning, and oppressive. 2. Very hot and moist, or hot, 
close, stagnant, and unelastic. 

SUM, a. [Fr. somme ; G. summe ; D. som ; Dan. sum ; Sw., 
L. summa.] 1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, 
magnitudes, quantities, or particulars ; the amount or 
whole of any number of individuals or particulars added. 
2. A quantity of money or currency ; any amount, indef- 
initely. 3. Compendium ; abridgment ; the amount ; the 
substance. 4. Height; completion. 

SUM, v. t. 1. To add particulars into one whole ; to bring 
two or more particular numbers into one number. 2. To 
bring into a small compass or in a few words. — 3. In fal- 
conry, to have feathers full grown; [unusual.]— Syn. To 
cast up ; collect ; comprise ; condense ; comprehend ; 
compute. 

Su'MAG > (shu'mak), n. [Fr. sumach ; G. sumach ; D., Arm., 

StJ'MACH 5 and Pers. sumak.] 1. A plant or shrub of the 
genus rhus, of many species, some of which are much used 
for the purposes of dyeing and tanning. 2. The powdered 
leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain species 
of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing. — Ure. 

SUM'LESS, a. Not to be computed ; of which the amount 
can not be ascertained. — Pope. 

SUM'MA-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a summary manner ; briefly ; 
concisely ; in a narrow compass or in few words. 2. In 
a short way or method. — Ayliffe. 
SUM'MA-RY, a. [Fr. sommaire.] Reduced into a narrow 



compass, or into few w«rds —Syn. Short ; brief ; concise , 
compendious ; succinct. 

SUM'MA-RY, n. An abridged account; an abstract, abridg 
ment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance of 
a fuller account. 

SUM-Ma'TION, n. 1. The act of forming a sum or total 
amount. 2. An aggregate. 

SUMMED, pp. Collected into a total amount. 

SUM'MER, n. One who casts up an account.- -Slierwood. 

SUM'MER, n. [Sax. sumer, sumor ; G., Dan. somrr^r ; D. zo- 
mer ; Sw. sommar.] With us, the season of the year com 
prehended in the months June, July, and August, during 
which time the sun, being north of the equator, shines 
more directly upon this part of the earth, which, together 
with the increased length of the aays, renders this the 
hottest period of the year. Sometimes used as an adjec 
tive. 

SUM'MER v. i. To pass the summer or warm season. 

SUM'MER, v. t. To keep or carry through the summer. - 
Shak. 

SUM'MER, n. [Fr. sommier.] 1. A large stone the first that 
is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make a 
cross vault. 2. A large timber supported on two strong 
piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window, &c. 
— Brande. 3. A large timber or beam laid as a central 
floor-timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the 
ends of the joists and supporting them. 

SUM'MER, n. Indian summer, in the United States, a period 
of warm weather, late in autumn, when, it is said, the In- 
dians hunt to supply themselves with the flesh of wild an- 
imals for provisions in the winter. 

SUM'MER-€oLT, n. The undulating state of the air near 
the surface of the ground when heated. 

SUM'MER-CY'PRESS, n. An annual plant of the genua 
kochia. — Loudon._ 

SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, n. A fallow made during the warm 
months to kill weeds. — Gardner. 

SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, v. t. To plow and work repeatedly in 
summer, to prepare for wheat or other crop. 

SUM'MER-HOUSE, n. LA house or apartment in a gar 
den to be used in summer. — Pope. — Watts. 2. A house for 
summer's residence. 

SUM'MER-WHeAT, n. Spring wheat. 

SUM'MER-SET, n. [corruption of Fr. soubresaut.] A leap in 
which the heels are thrown over the head, and the person 
lights on his feet 

SUMMING, ppr. of sum. Adding together. 

SUM'MIST, n. One who forms an abridgment. [Rare.] 

SUM'MIT, n. [L. summitas, from summus.] 1. The top f the 
highest point. 2. The highest point or degree ; utmcet el- 
evation. — 3. In conchology, the most elevated of the sheH 
in which the hinge is placed. Humble. — Summit level, the 
highest level of a canal or rail-road in surmounting an as- 
cent. - 

SUM'MIT-LESS, a. Having no summit.— H. Taylor. 

t SUM'MIT- Y, n. 1. The height or top of any thing.— Swift 
2. The utmost degree ; perfection. — Halliwell. 

SUM'MON, v. t. [L. submoneo ; Fr. sommer.] 1. To call by 
authority to appear at a place specified, or to attend in per- 
son to some public duty, or both. 2. To give notice to a 
person to appear in court and defend. 3. To call or com- 
mand. 4. To excite into action or exertion : with up. — 
Syn. To cite ; notify ; convene ; convoke ; excite ; invite j 
bid. 

SUM'MON£D, pp. Admonished or warned by authority to 
appear or attend to something ; called or cited by au- 
thority. 

SUM'MON-ER, n. One who summons or cites by authority. 

SUM'MON-ING, ppr. Citing by authority. 

SUM'MONS, n. with a plural termination, but used in the 
singular number ; as, a summons is prepared. [L. submo- 
neas.] 1. A call by authority or the command of a supe- 
rior to appear at a place named, or to attend to some pub- 
lic duty. — 2. In law, a warning or citation to appear in 
court ; a writ to notify a party to appear in court on a day 
mentioned therein, to answer a complaint specified in the 
writ. 

SUM' MUM BO' NUM. [L.] The chief good. 

SU-MOOM', n. A pestilential wind of Persia. See Simoom. 

SUMP, n. 1. In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, lined with 
clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. 2. A pond 
of water reserved for salt-works. 3. A marsh ; a swamp , 
a bog. Brockett. — 4. In mining, a pit sunk below the lev- 
els of the mine to circulate air, <fec. — Halliwell. 

SUMPH, n. A dunce.— John Wilson. [Scottish.] 

SUMP'TER n. [Fr. sommier ; It. somaro.] A horse thai 
carries clothes or furniture ; a baggage-horse. — Shak. 

\ SUMP'TION, n. [L. sumo, sumptus.] A taking. 

SUMPT'U-A-RY, a. [L. sumptuarius : Fr. somptuaire.] Re- 
lating to expense.— Sumptuary laws are such as limit th« 
expenses of citizens in apparel, food, &c. 

t SUMPT-U-OSI-TY, n. Expensiveness ; costliness. 

SUMPTU-OUS, a. [L. sumptuosus ; It. suntuoso.] Charao 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— X, £, 1, Sec, short.— FIR, FAI ,L. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



SUN 



991 



SUP 






terized by expense or magnificence. — Sy>*. Costly; ex- 
pensive ; splendid ; magnificent ; lordly ; princely. 

BUMFPe-OUS-LY, adv. Expensively ; "splendidly.— Sic if t. 

SUMPTU-OUS-NES3, n. 1. Costliness ; expensiveness.— 
Boyle. 2. Splendor ; magnificence. 

BUN, n. [Sax. sunna, Goth. sun?io ; G. sonne; D. zon.] 1. 
The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the 
center of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all 
the planets. — 2." In popular usage, a sunny place ; a place 
where the beams of the sun fall. 3. Any thing eminently 
splendid or luminous ; that which is the chief source of 
light or honor. — i. In Scripture, Christ is called the Sun of 
righteousness, as the source of light, animation, and com- 
fort to his disciples. 5. The luminary or orb which con- 
stitutes the center of any system of worlds. — Under the 
sun, in the world : on earth ; [a proverbial expression.] 

SUN. v. t. To expose to the sun's rays ; to warm or dry in 
the light of the sun : to insolate. — Dryden. 

SUN-BeAT, a. [sun and beat.] Struck by the sun'3 rays ; 
shone brightly on. — Dryden. 

SUX-BRlGHT (-brite), a. [sun and bright.] Bright as the 
sun ; like the sun in brightness. — Milton. 

SUN'-BURN, v. t. To discolor or scorch by the sun. — 
Gauden. 

SUN-BURNED, a. 1. Discolored by the heat or rays of the 
sun; tanned; darkened in hue. — Dryden. 2. Scorched 
by the sun's rays. 

SUN'-BURN-lNG. n. The burning or tan occasioned by the 
rays of the sun on the skin. — Boyle. 

SUN'-€LAD, a. Clad in radiance or brightness. 

SUN-DEW (-du), n. A plant of the genus drosera. — Lee. 

SUN-Dl-AL, n. An instrument to show the time of day, 
by means of the shadow of a style on a plate. 

SUN'-DOG, n. A luminous spot occasionally seen a few 
degrees from the sun, supposed to be formed by the inter- 
section of two or more haloes. — Olmsted. 

SUN'-DRuED, a. [sun and dry.] Dried in the rays of the 
sun. 

SUN-GILT, a. Gilded by the rays of the sun. — Johnson. 

SUN'-LlKE. a. [sun and 'like.] Resembling the sun. 

SUN'-PLANT, v. A plant cultivated in Java and Sumatra, 
from whose fibres are made small ropes and twine. 

SUN'-PFiOOF. a. Impervious to the ravs of the sun. 

SUN'-S€ORCHED (-skorcht), a. Scorched by the sun. 

SUX -STROKE, n. A stroke of the sun or his heat 

SUNReAM. n. [sun and beam.] A ray of the sun. 

SEND ART. n. A ray of the sun.— Hemans. 

SUNDAY, n. [Sax. sunna-d<zg ; G. sonntag ; D. zondag ; 
Dan. sdndag ; Sw. sondag : so called because this day was 
anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship.] The 
Christian Sabbath, or Lord's day; the first day of the week. 

SUNDAY, a. Belonging to the Lord's day, or Christian 
Sabbath. 

SUNT) AY-SCHOOL, n. A school for the religious instruc- 
tion of children and youth on the Lord's day. 

SUNDER, v. t. [Sax. sundrian, syndrian ; G. sondern ; Dan. 
sender; Sw. sondra.] 1. To part; to separate; to divide; 
to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cut- 
ting, or breaking. 2. To expose to the sun ; [provincial 
in, England.] 

SUNDER n. In sunder, in two. — Ps. xlvi. 

SUNDERED, pp. ova. Separated; divided; parted 

SUNDER-IN G. ppr. Parting; separating. 

SUNDOWN, n. Sunset— W. Irving. \A word often used 
in the United States.] 

SUNDRY, a. [Sax. sunder.] More than one or two. Dry- 
den. — Syx. Several; divers; different; various; many. 

SUNFISH, n. [sun and f.sk.] 1. A large, soft-finned sea-fish, 
of the order plectognathi. supposed to be so named from 
its circular form and shining surface. — 2. In the United 
States, a small fresh-water fish of the perch family ; also 
called pond-perch. 3. A name given by some to the basking 
shark. 

SUNTLOW-ER, n. [sun and flower.] A plant of the genus 
helianlhv.s ; so called from its habit of turning to the sun. 

SUNG. prst. and pp. of sing.— Pope. 

SUNK, pret. and pp. of sink. — Prior. 

SUNK.EN, a. Sunk ; lying on the bottom of a river or oth- 
er water. 

SUN'LESS. a. Destitute of the sun or it3 rays ; shaded. 

SUNLIGHT (-lite), n. The light of the sun.— Milton. 

SUNLIT, a. Lighted by the sun.— Todd. 

SUNNED (sund), pp. Exposed to the sun's rays. 

SUN-Nl'AH, n. A name of the sect of Sunnites, which see. 

SUNNING, ppr. Exposing to the sun's rays ; warming in 
the light of the sun. 

SUN"NfTES, n. pi. The orthodox Mohammedans who re- 
ceive the Sunna (a collection of traditions) as of equal 
importance with the Koran. — Encyc. Am. 

SUN'NY, a. 1. Like the sun ; bright 2. Proceeding from 
the sun. — Spenser. 3. Exposed "to the rays of the sun; 
warmed by the direct rays of the sun. 4. Colored by the 



SUNRISE, In. [sun and rise.] 1. The first appearance 

SUN RiS-ING, j of the sun above the horizon in tbe morn 
ing ; or the time of such appearance. 2. Tbe east. 

SUNSET. ) n. [sun and set.] The descent of the sun 

SUNSET-TING, j below the horizon ; or the time when 
the sun sets ; evening. 

SUNSHINE, n. [sun and shine.] 1. The light of the sun, 
or the place where it shines : the direct rays of the sun, 
or the place where they falL 2. A place warmed and il- 
luminated ; warmth ; illumination. 
I SUN'SHINE. ) a. 1. Bright with the rays of the sun ; clear, 

SUN'SHIN-Y, ) warm, or pleasant " 2. Bright like the 
sun. 
i Su'O JU'RE. [L.] In one's own right. 
i Su'O MaR'TE. [L.] By one's own strength or exertion 

SUP, r. f. [Sax. supan ; D. zuipen ; Fr. souper.] To take 
into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid ; to take or drink 
by a little at a time ; to sip. 

SUP. v. i. To eat the evening meal. — Tobit. 

t SUP, v. t. To treat with supper. — Shak. 

SUP, n. A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth ; a little 
taken with the lips ; a sip. 

Su'PER, a Latin preposition, Gr. vrzp, signifies above, over, 
excess. It is much used in composition. 
I Su'PER- A-BLE, A [L.superabilis.] That may be overcome 
or conquered. 

SUPER- A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being conquerable 
or surmountable. 
| Su'PER- A-BLY, adv. So as may be overcome. 

SU-PER-A-BOUND', v. i. [super and abound.] To be very 
abundant or exuberant ; to be more than sufficient 

SU-PER- A-BOUND'IXG, ppr. or a. Abounding beyond want 
or necessitv : abundant to excess or a great degree. 

SU-PER- A-BUND'AXCE, n. More than enough ; excessive 
j abundance. — Woodward. 

j SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT. a. Abounding to excess ; being 
I more than is sufficient — Swift. 

SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT-LY, adv. More than sufficiently. 

SU-PER-A-CID'U-Ll-TED, a. Acidulated to excess. 

SU-PER-ADD', v. t. [super and add.] 1. To add over and 
above ; to add to what has been added 2. To add or an- 
i nex something extrinsic. 

SU-PER- ADDED, pp. Added over and above. 

5U-PER-ADDTNG. ppr. Adding over and above. 

SU-PER-AD-Dl"TION (-ad-dish r un), n. 1. The act of add- 
ing to something. 2. That which is added. 
j SU-PER-AD-YE'NI-ENT, a. [L. superadveniens.] 1. Com- 
ing upon ; coming to the increase or assistance of some- 
thing. — More. 2. Corning unexpectedly ; [little used.] 

SU-PER- AN-GEL'I€. a. Superior in nature to the angels. 

SU-PER- ANNU-ITE, r. t. [L. super and annus, a year.] To 
impair or disqualifv by old age and infirmity. 

t SU-PER-ANNU-1TE. v. i. To last beyond the year. 

SU-PER-AN'NU-I-TED, pp. or a. 1. Impaired by old ag& 
2. Having passed the regular time of service. 

SU-PER-AN-NU-i'TION, n. The state of being too old foi 
office or business, or of being disqualified by old age. 

SU-PER.B'. a. [Fr. superbe; L. superbus.] Characterized by 
grandeur, magnificence, pomp, splendor, or richness. 
Syx. Grand ; "magnificent ; elegant ; showy ; pompons , 
rich : splendid ; august : stately. 

SU-PERB'-LIL-Y, n. A flower. " 

SU-PERB'LY, adv. In a magnificent or splendid mannei , 
richly; elegantly. 

SU-PER-€aR'GO,7z. An officer or person in a merchant's 
ship, whose business is to manage the sales and superin- 
i tend all the commercial concerns of the voyage. 
, SU-PER-CE-LESTL4.L (-lesfyal), a. [super and celestial. 

Situated above the firmament or great vault of heaven. 
. SU-PER-CHaRgE', v. t. In heraldry, to place one bearing on 
another. 

SU-PER.-CHIRd.ED', pp. Borne upon another. 
: SU-PER- CHARGING, ppr. Placing one bearing on another. 

SU-PER-CHERT, n. [An old word of French original.] De- 
ceit; cheating. 

SU-PER-dLTA-RY, a. [L. super and cilium.] Situated oi 
being above the eyebrow. — As. Res. 

SU-PER-CILi-OUS," a. [L. svperciliosus.] 1. Lofty with 
pride ; haughty ; dictatorial ; overbearing. 2. Manifesting 
haughtiness', or proceeding from it ; overbearing. 

SU-PER-CILTOUS-LY, adv. Haughtily; dogmatically ; with 
an air of contempt. — Clarendon. 

SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS-NESS, n. Haughtiness: an overbearing 
temper or manner. 

SU-PER-CON-CEPTION, n. [super and conception.] A con 
ception after a former conception. — Brown. 

t SU-PER-CON'SE-QUENCE, n. Remote consequence. 

SU-PER-CRES'CENCE, n. [L. super and crescens.] That 
which grows upon another growing thing. — Brown. 

SU-PER-€RES'CENT, a. Growing on some other growing 
thing. — Johnson. 

SU-PER DOM'IN- ANT, n. In music, the sixth of the key, in 
the descending scale. 



D6VE ;— BULL UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z . SH as SH ; TH as in tk& t Obsolete. 



SUP 



992 



SUP 



SU-PER-EM'1-NENCE, in. [L. super and emineo.] Emi- 
SU-PER-EM'1-NEN-CY, J nence superior to what is com- 
mon ; distinguished eminence. 
SU-PER-EM'I-NENT, a. Eminent in a superior degree ; sur- 
passing others in excellence. 
SU-PER-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a superior degree of ex- 
cellence ; with unusual distinction. 
SU-PER-ER'O-GANT, a. Supererogatory, which see. 
3U-PER-ER'0-GaTE, v. i. [L. super and erogatio, erogo.] To 

do more than duty requires.— Glanville. [Rare.] 
*U-PER-ER-0-Ga'TION, n. Performance of more than 
duty requires.— Works of supererogation, in the Roman 
Catholic Church, those good deeds supposed to have been 
performed by saints, over and above what is required for 
their own salvation. — Hook. 
1 SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TfVE, a. Supererogatory. — StaWor d. 
[Rare.] 

" SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Performed to an extent not 
enjoined or not required by duty. — Howell. 

SU-PER-ES-SENTIAL, n. [super and essential] Essential 
above others, or above the constitution of a thing. 

SU-PER-EX-ALT, v. t. To exalt to a superior degree. 

SU-PER-EX-ALT- a'TION, n. [super and exaltation.] Eleva- 
tion above the common degree.— Holiday. 

SU-PER-EX-ALT'ED, pp. Exalted to a superior degree. 

SU-PER-EX-ALT'ING, ppr. Exalting to a superior degree. 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENCE, n. Superior excellence. 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENT, a. Excellent in an uncommon de- 
gree ; very excellent. — Decay of Piety. 

SU-PER-EX-€RES'CENCE, n. Something superfluously 
growing. — Wiseman. 

SU-PER-FE-€UND'I-TY, n. Superabundant fecundity or 
multiplication of the species.— Paley. 

SU-PER-Fe'TITE, v. i. [L. super and faitus.] To conceive 
after a prior conception. — Grew. 

SU-PER-FE-T A'TION, n. A second conception after a prior 
one, and before the birth of the first, by which two fetuses 
are growing at once in the same womb. 

Su'PER-FeTE, v. i. To superfetate.— Howell. [Rare.] 

Su'PER-FeTE. v. t. To conceive after a former conception. 
—Howell. [Little used.] 

Su'PER-FlCE, n. Superficies ; surface. [Little used.] 

SU-PER-Fl"CIAL (-fish'al), a. [It. superficial ; Sp. superfi- 
cial ; Fr. superficiel.] 1. Being on the surface ; not pene- 
trating the substance of a thing. 2. Pertaining to the sur- 
face or exterior part ; as, superficial measure or contents. 
3. Shallow ; flimsy ; contrived to cover something ; as, 
"this superficial tale." — Shah. 4. Shallow; not deep or 
profound ; reaching or comprehending only what is obvi- 
ous or apparent. 

SU-PER-FI"CI-AL'I-TY (-fish-e-al'e-te), n. The quality of be- 
ing superficial. — Brown. [Not much used.] 

SU-PER-Fi"CIAL-LY (-fish'al-le), adv. 1. On the surface 
only. 2. On the surface or exterior part only ; without 
penetrating the substance or essence. 3. Without going 
deep or searching things to the bottom ; slightly. 

SU-PER-Fl"CIAL-NESS, n. 1. Shallowness; position on 
the surface. 2. Slight knowledge ; shallowness of obser- 
vation or learning ; show without substance. 

SU-PER-Fi"CIeS (-fish'ez), n. [L., from super and fades.] 
The surface ; the exterior part of a thing. — A superficies 
consists of length and breadth. 

* Su'PER-FlNE, a. [super and fine.] Very fine or most fine ; 
surpassing others in fineness. 

SU-PER'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. super and fluo.] Superfluity ; 
more than is necessary. — Hammond. [Little used.] 

SU-PER-FLu'I-TANCE, n. [L. super and fiuito.] The act of 
floating above or on the surface. — Brown. [Little used.] 

SU-PER-FLu'I-TANT, a. Floating above or on the surface. 
—Brown. [Little used.] 

SU-PER-FLu'I-TY, n. [Fr. superfluity ; It. superfluity ; L. 
s-uperfiuitas.] 1. A greater quantity than is wanted. 2. 
Something that is beyond what is wanted ; something ren- 
dered unnecessary by its abundance. — Syn. Superabund- 
ance; excess; redundancy. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS, a. [L. superfiuus.] 1. More than is 
wanted; rendered unnecessary by superabundance. 2. 
More than sufficient; as, a composition abounding with 
superfluous words. — Syn. Unnecessary ; useless ; exuber- 
ant; redundant; needless. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS-LY, adv. With excess ; in a degree be- 
yond what is necessary. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being superflu- 
ous, or beyond what is wanted. 

30'PER-FLUX, n. [L. super and fluxus.] That which is 
more than is wanted. — Shalt. [Little used.] 

t SU-PER-F_0-LI- a'TION, n. Excess of foliation. 

SU-PER-Hu'MAN, a. [super and human.] Above or beyond 
what is human ; divine. 

SU-PER-IM-PEND'ING, ppr. Hanging over; threatening 
from above._ 

G U-PER-1M-P6SE', v. t. [super and impose.] To lay or im- 
pose on something else. — Kirwan. 



or Imposed 



SU-PER-IM-P5S.E D' (-im-pozd'), pp. or a. Laid 
on something. — Humboldt. 

SU-PER-IM-PoS'ING, ppr. Laying on something else. 

SU-PER-IM-PO-Sl"TION (-zish'un), n. The act of laying, 
or the state of being placed on something else. — Kirwan. 

SU-PER-IM-PREG-NA'TION, n. The act/ of impregnating 
upon a prior impregnation ; impregnation when previous 
ly impregnated. 

SU-PER-IN-€UM'BENT, a. Lying on something else. 

SU-PER-IN-DuCE', v. t. [super and induce.] To bring in or 
upon as an addition to something. 

SU-PER-IN-DuCED' (su-per-in-dusf), pp. or a. Induced or 
brotight upon something. 

SU-PER-IN-DuC'ING, ppr. Inducing on something else. 

SU-PER-IN-DU€TION, n. The act of superinducing. 

SU-PER-IN-FuSE', v. t. To infuse over. 

SU-PER-IN-JE€'TION, n. [super and injection.] <*n injec- 
tion succeeding another. — Diet. 

SU-PER-IN-SPEGT, v. t. To oversee ; to superintend. 

SU-PER-IN-STI-Tu'TION, n. One institution upon another , 
as if A be instituted and admitted to a benefice upon a 
title, and B be instituted and admitted by the presentation 
of another. — Bailey. 

SU-PER-IN-TEL-LE€TU-AL, a. Being above intellect 

SU-PER-IN-TEND', v. t. [super and intend.] To have or 
exercise the charge and oversight of ; to have the care of 
with the power of direction ; to take care of with authority. 
— Syn. To oversee ; overlook; supervise; overrule; guide; 
regulate; control. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ED, pp. Overseen ; taken care of. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENCE, \n. The act of superintending 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'EN-CY, J for the purpose of direction, 
and with authority to direct. — Syn. Inspection ; oversight ; 
care; direction; control; guidance. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENT, n. 1. One who has the oversight 
and charge of something, with the power of direction. 
2. An ecclesiastical superior in some Protestant churches. 
— Syn. Inspector ; overseer ; manager ; director ; curator. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENT, a. Overlooking others with au- 
thority. — Stilling fleet. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ER, n. A superintendent— Whewell. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ING, ppr. or a. Overseeing, with the au- 
thority to direct what shall be done. 

SU-Pe'RI-OR, a. [L., Sp. ; Fr. superieur ; It. superiors] 1 
Higher ; upper ; more elevated in place. 2. Higher in 
rank or office ; more exalted in dignity. 3. Higher or 
greater in excellence ; surpassing others in the greatness, 
goodness, or value of any quality. 4. Being beyond the 
power or influence of ; too great or firm to be subdued 
or affected by. — 5. In botany, a superior flower has the re- 
ceptacle of the flower above the germ. 

SU-Pe'RI-OR, n. 1. One who is more advanced in age. 
2. One who is more elevated in rank or office. 3. One 
who surpasses others in dignity, excellence, or qualities 
of any kind. 4. The chief of a monastery, convent, or 
abbey. 

SU-PE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. The quality of being more advanced, 
or higher, greater, or more excellent than another in any 
respect. — Syn. Pre-eminence ; excellence ; predominan- 
cy; prevalence; ascendency; odds; advantage, 
t SU-PER-La'TION, n. [L. superlatio.] Exaltation of any 
thing beyond truth or propriety.— Sera Jonson. 

SU-PER'LA-TlVE, a. [Fr. superlatif; L. superlativus.} 1. 
Highest in degree ; most eminent ; surpassing all others, 
2. Supreme. — 3. In grammar, expressing the highest or 
utmost degree. 

SU-PER'LA-TlVE, n. In grammar, the superlative- degree 

of adjectives or adverbs ; a word in the superlative degree. 

SU-PER'LA-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner expressing the 

utmost degree. 2. In the highest orutmost degree. 
SU-PER'L A-TlVE-NESS, n. The state of being in the high- 
est degree. 
SU-PER-Lu'NAR, / a. [L. super and luna.] Being above 
SU-PER-Lu'NA-RY, j the moon ; not sublunary or of this 

world. — Pope. 
SU-PER-Me'DI-AL, a. Lying or being above the middle.— 

Buffon. 
SU-PER-M5LE'€ULE, n. A compounded molecule, or 
combination of two molecules of different substances.- 
Prout. 
SU-PER-MUNT>ANE, a. Being above the world. 
SU-PER-NA€'U-LUM, n. [super, and Germ, nagel] Good 
liquor, of which not enough is left to wet one's nail.— 
Grose. 
SU-PER'NAL, a. [L. supernus.] 1. Being in a higher place 
or region ; locally higher. 2. Relating to things above ; 
celestial ; heavenly. — Milton. 
SU-PER-NI'TANT, a. [L. supernatans, supernato.] Swim- 
ming above ; floating on the surface. — Boyle. 
SU-PER-NA-Ta'TION, n. The act of floating on the surface 

of a fluid. — Bacon. • 

SU-PER-NAT'U-RAL, a. [super and natural.] Being beyond 
or exceeding the powers or laws of nature ; miraculous. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.—x, E, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. 



SUP 



993 



SUP 



6U-PER-NATTT-RAL-ISM, \ n. 1. The state of being super- 

SU-PRA-NAT'G-RAL-ISM, <, natural. 2. The doctrine of 

- a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the 
miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the 
grace which renews and sanctifies men. — Murdoch. 

SU-PER-NAT'G-RAL-IST, to. One who holds the principles 
of supernaturalism. 

SU-PER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner exceeding the 
established course or laws of nature. 

SU-PER-NAT'G-RAL-NESS, to. The state or quality of be- 
ing beyond the power or ordinary laws of nature. 

SU-PER-Nu'MER-A-RY, a. [Fr. siipernumeraire.] 1. Exceed- 
ing the number stated or prescribed. 2. Exceeding a 
necessary, a usual, or a round number. — Addison. 

SU-PER-Nu'MER-A-RY, to. A person or thing beyond the 
number stated, or beyond what is necessary or usual. 

SU-PER-OXYD, n. [super and oxyd.] An oxyd containing 
more equivalents of oxygen than of the base with which 
it is combined ; a hyperoxyd. 

I SU-PER-PAR-TIG'U-LAR, a. [super and particular.] Not- 
. ing a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the 
less is a unit. 

i SU-PER-PIR'TIENT (-par-shent), a. Noting a ratio when 
the excess of the greater term over the les3 is more than 
a unit. 

t SfJ'PER-PLANT, to. [super and plant.] A plant growing on 
another plant, as the misletoe ; a parasite or epiphyte. 

S6TER-PLUS. See Surplus. 

Su'PER-PLU3-AgE, to. [super and plus.] That which is 
more than enough ; excess. — Fell. 

t SU-PER-PON'DER-ITE, v. t. To weigh over and above. 

SU-PER-Pl^SE', v. t. [super, and Fr. poser.] To lay upon, as 
one kindof rock on another. 

SU-PER-P5S.ED' (su-per-pozd'), pp. or a. Laid or being 
upon something. — Humboldt. 

SU-PER-PdSTNG, ppr. Placing upon something. 

SU-PER-PO-Si"TION (-po-zish'un), to. 1. A placing above ; 
a lying or being situated above or upon something. 2. 
That which is situated above or upon something else. 

SC'PER-PRaISE, v. t. To praise to excess. 

SU-PER-PRO-PoR'TION, n. Overplus of proportion. 

SU-PER-PUR-Ga'TION, n. [super and purgation.] More 
purgation than is sufficient.— Wiseman. 

SU-PER-RE-FLE€'TION, n. [super and reflection.] There- 
flection of an image reflected.— Bacon. 

SU-PER-RE-WARD', v. t. To reward to excess.— Bacon. 

SU-PER-ROY'AL, a. [super audi royal.] Larger than royal ; 
denoting the largest species of printing paper. 

SU-PER-Sa'LI-EN-CY, n. [L. super and salio.] The act of 
leaping on any thing. — Brown. [Little used.] 

SU-PER-SI'LI-ENT, a. Leaping upon. 

SO'PER-SALT, to. In chemistry, a salt with a greater num- 
ber of equivalents of the acid than of the base. 

SU-PER-SATtT-RATE, v. t. [L. super and saturo.] To add 
beyond saturation. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-Ra-TED, pp. or a. More than saturated. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-RX-TING, ppr. More than saturating. 

SU-PER-SAT-U-RI'TION, n. The operation of adding be- 
yond saturation, or the state of being thus supersatu- 
rated. 

SU-PER-SCRlBE', v. t. [L. super and scribo.] To write or 
engrave on the top, outside, or surface ; or to write the 
name or address of one on the outside or cover, as of a 
letter. 

SU-PER-SGRIB.ED' (su-per-skribd'), pp. Inscribed on the 
outside. 

SU-PER-SGRlBTNG, ppr. Inscribing, writing, or engraving 
on the outside, or on the top. 

SU-PER-S€RIP'TION, n. 1. The act of superscribing. 2. 
That which is written or engraved on the outside. 3. An 
impression of letters on coins.— Matt., xxii. [Shakspeare 
uses superscript.] — Syn. Direction ; address. 

SU-PER-SEG'U-LAR, a. [super and secular.] Being above 
the world or secular things. 

SU-PER-SEDE', v. t. [L, supersedeo.] 1. To make void, in- 
efficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by coming 
in the place of; to render unnecessary. 2. To come or 
be placed in the room of: hence, to displace or render 
unnecessary. — Syn. To suspend ; set aside ; overrule ; 
succeed. 

SU-PER-SE'DE-AS, to. [L.] In law, a writ of supersedeas is 
a writ or command to suspend the powers of an officer in 
certain cases, or to stay proceedings. 

SU-PER-SkD'ED, pp. Made void ; rendered unnecessary or 

inefficacious ; displaced ; suspended. 
SU-PER-SEDING.ppr. Coming in the place of; setting aside ; 

rendering useless ; displacing ; suspending. 
BU-PER-SED'URE. to. The act of superseding ; as, the su- 
persedere of trial by jury. — Hamilton, Fed. [New.] 
SU-PER-SENS V \1.'. a. Above the senses. 
fSU-PER-SERViCE-A-BLE, a. [super and serviceable.] 
Over-officious ; doing more than is required or desired — 



SU-PER-SES'SION (-sesh'un), to. [L. super and sedeo.] Tho 

act of sitting on any thing. 
SU-PER-STl"TION (-stish'un), to. [Fr. ; L. superstitio.] 1. Ex- 
cessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or prac- 
tice; excess or extravagance in'religion; the doing oi 
things not required by God, or abstaining from things not 
forbidden ; or the belief of what is absurd, or belief with- 
out evidence. 2. False religion; false worship. 3. Rite 
or practice proceeding from excess of scruples in religion. 
4. Excessive nicety ; scrupulous exactness. 5. Belief in 
the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraor- 
dinary or singular events, or in omens and prognostics. 

SU-PER-STf'TlON-IST, to. One addicted to superstition. 

SU-PER-STI"TIOUS (-stish'us), a. [Fr. superslitieux ; L. su 
perstitiosus.] 1. Over-scrupulous and rigid in religious ob 
servances ; addicted to superstition ; full of idle fancies 
and scruples in regard to religion. 2. Proceeding from 
superstition ; manifesting superstition. 3. Over-exact ; 
scrupulous beyond need. 

SU-PER-STl"TIOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a superstitious manner 
2. With too much care ; with excessive exactness or scru- 
ple. 3. With extreme credulity in regard to the agency 
of superior beings in extraordinary events. 

SU-PER-STf"TIOUS-NESS, to. Superstition. 

SU-PER-STRaIN', v. t. To overstrain or stretch.— Bacon. 
[Little used.] 

SU-PER-STRaINJSD', pp. Overstrained or stretched. 

SU-PER-STRa'TUM, to. [super and stratum.] A stratum or 
layer above another, or resting on something else. 

SU-PER-STRUCT, v. t. [L. superstruo.] To build upon , 
to erect. — Decay of Piety. [Little used.] 

SU-PER-STRU€T'ED, pp. Built upon. 

SU-PER-STRUGTING, ppr. Building upon. 

SU-PER-STRUCTION, n. An edifice erected on something. 

SU-PER-STRUCT'IVE, a. Built on something else. 

SU-PER-STRUGTURE, to. 1. Any structure or edifice built 
on something else ; particularly, the building raised on a 
foundation. 2. Any thing erected on a foundation or basis. 

SU-PER-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [super and substantial] More 
than substantial ; being more than substance.— Cyc. 

SU-PER-SUB'TLE (su-per-suftl), a. Over-subtle.— Shah. 

SU-PER-SUL'PHATE, to. Sulphate with a greater number 
of equivalents of acid than base. 

SU-PER-SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Consisting of a greater num- 
ber of equivalents of sulphur than of the base with which 
the sulphur is combined. — Aihin. 

SU-PER-TER-ReNE', a. [super and terrene.] Being above 
ground, or above the earth. — Hill. 

SU-PER-TER-RES'TRI-AL, a, Being above the earth, or 
above what belongs to the earth. — Buchminster. 

SU-PER-TON'IG, to. In music, the note next above the key 
note.— Busby. 

SU-PER-TRAd'IG-AL, a. Tragical to excess.— Warton. 

SU-PER-VA-Ga'NE-OUS, a. [L. supervacaneus.] Superflu 
ous; unnecessary; needless; serving no purpose. 

SU-PER-VA-Ga'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Needlessly. 

SU-PER-VA-Ga'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Needlessness.— Bailey. 

SU-PER-VeNE', v. i. [L. supervenio.] 1. To come upon as 

: something extraneous. 2. To come upon ; to happen to. 

SU-PER-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Coming upon as something addi- 
tional or extraneous. — Hammond. 

SU-PER-VEN'TION, n. The act of supervening. 

SU-PER-Vi'SAL, In. The act of overseeing; in 

SU-PER-Vi"SION (-vizh'un), 5 spection; superintendence 

t SU-PER-VlSE, n. Inspection.— Sh,\h. 

SU-PER-VlSE', v. t. [L. super and visus.] To oversee ; to 
superintend ; to inspect. 

SU-PER-VIS.ED' (su-per-vizdO, pp. Inspected. 

SU-PER-VlS'ING, ppr. Overseeing ; inspecting. 

SU-PER-Vl'SOR, to. An overseer; an inspector; asuperin 
tendent. — Dry den. 

SU-PER-Vl'SO-RY, a. Pertaining to or having supervision 

SU-PER-ViVE'. v. t. [L. super and vivo.] To live beyond 
to otitlive. [Little used.] See Survive. 

SU-PI-Na'TION, to. [L. supino.] 1. The act of lying or state • 
of being laid with the face upward. 2. The act of turn- 
ing the "palm of the hand upward. 

SU-PI-NI'TOR, n. In anatomy, a muscle thai turns the palm 
of the hand upward. 

SU-PlNE', a. [L. supinus.] 1. Lying on the back, or with 
the face upward ; opposed to prone. 2. Leaning back- 
ward ; or inclining with exposure to the sun. — Syn. Neg- 
ligent ; heedless ; indolent ; thoughtless ; inattentive ; list- 
less ; careless ; drowsy. 

SO'PlNE, to. [L. supinum.] In grammar, a name of certain 
forms or modifications 'of the Latin verb ending in urr 
and u. 

SU-PlNE'LY, adv. 1. With the face upward. 2. Carelessly . 
indolently ; drowsily ; in a heedless, thoughtless state. 

SU-PlNE'NESS, to. 1. A lying with the face upward. 2. 
The state of being heedless. — Si v. Indolence ; heedless 
ness ; drowsiness ; thoughtlessnes." ; carelessness. 

t SU-PIN'I-TY, for supineness. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, WCIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
Ebb 



SUP 



994 



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SUP'PA 3E, n. What may be supped ; pottage.— Hooker. 

■■ SUP-PAL-P a'TION. n. [L. suppalpor.] The act of enticing 
by soft words.— Hall. 

I SUP-PAR-A-SI-TITION, n. [L. supparasitor.] The act of 
flattering merely to gain favor. — Hall. 

SUP-PAR'A-SlTE, v. t. To flatter ; to cajole.— Dr. Clarke. 

SUP-PAWN', n. See Sepawn. 

SUPPED (supt), pp. Having taken the evening meal. 

SUP-PE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [L. sub and pes.] Being under the 
feet. — Brown. 

t SUP-PED'I-TaTE, v. t. [L. suppedito.) To supply. 

SUP-PED-I-Ti'TION, n. [L. suppeditatio.] Supply ; aid af- 
forded. — Bacon. [Little used.] 

SUP'PER, n. [Fr. souper.] The evening meal. 

SUP'PER-LESS, a. Wanting supper ; being without supper. 

SUP-PLANT, v. t. [Fr. supplanter ; L. supplanto.] 1. To 
trip up the heels. 2. To take the place of, usually by 
stratagem.— Syn. To remove ; displace; overpower; un- 
dermine ; force away ; overthrow ; supersede. 

SUP-PLANT- A'TION, n. The act of supplanting. 

SUP-PLANTED, pp. Tripped up ; displaced. 

SUP-PLANT'ER, n. One who supplants. 

SUP-PLANTING, ppr. Displacing by artifice. 

SUP'PLE (sup'pl), a. [Fr. souple.] 1. Easily bent ; as, supple 
joints. 2. Characterized by compliance ; not obstinate. .3. 
Bending to the humor of others. 4. That makes pliant. 
S/iak. — Syn. Pliant ; flexible ; yielding ; compliant ; bend- 
ing; flattering; fawning; soft. 

SUP'PLE (sup'pl), v. t. 1. To make soft and pliant ; to ren- 
der flexible. 2. To make compliant. 

SUP'PLE, v. i. To become soft and pliant. — Dryden. 

SUP'PLJED, pp. Made soft and pliant ; made compliant. 

SUP'PLE-LY, adv. Softly; pliantly ; mildly.— Cotgrave. 

SUP'PLE-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. supplemcntum.] 1. An addition 

to any thing, by which its defects are supplied, and it is 

made more full and complete. 2. Store ; supply ; [obs.] 

-3. In trigonometry, the quantity by which an arc or an 

angle falls short of 180 degrees, or a semicircle. 

SUP'PLe-MENT, v. t. To add something to a writing, &c. 

SUP-PLe-MENT'AL, \a. Additional; added to supply 

SUP-PLe-MENT'A-RY, 5 what is wanted. 

SUP'PLe-MENT-ING, ppr. Adding a supplement.— Chal- 
mers. 

SUP'PLE-NESS (sup'pl-), n. 1. The quality of being easily 
bent. 2. Readiness of compliance ; the quality of easily 
yielding. — Syn. Pliancy ; pliableness ; flexibility ; facility ; 
compliance. 

SUP'PLe-TO-RY, \a. [from L. suppleo.] Supplying deficien- 

SUP'PLe-TIVE, $ cies.—Blackstone. 

SUP'PLe-TO-RY, n. That which fs to supply what is wanted. 

f SUP-PLl'AL, 7i. The act of supplying.— Warburton. 

\ SUP-PLl'ANCE, n. Continuance.— Shak. 

SUP'PLI-ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Asking earnestly and submiss- 
ively. 2. Manifesting entreaty ; expressive of humble 
supplication. — Syn. Entreating ; beseeching ; suing ; beg- 
ging ; supplicating ; imploring. 
_SUP'PLI-ANT, n. A humble petitioner ; one who entreats 
submissively. — Dryden. 

SUP'PLI-ANT-LY, adv. In a suppliant or submissive manner. 

SUP'PLI-CANT, a. [L. supplicans.] Entreating ; asking sub- 
missively. — Bp. Bull. 

SUP'PLI-CANT, n. One who entreats ; a petitioner who 
asks earnestly and submissively. — Rogers. 

SUPPLT--6A T. In the English universities, a petition ; par- 
ticularly, a written application for a degree, with a cer- 
tificate that the requisite conditions have been complied 
with. — Cam. Calendar. 

SUP'PLI-€aTE, v. t. [L. supplico.] 1. To seek by earnest 
prayer. 2. To address in prayer. —Syn. To entreat ; beg ; 
petition ; beseech ; implore; importune; solicit; crave. 

SUP'PLI-CaTE, v. i. To ask with earnestness and submis- 
sion. — Syn. To entreat ; beseech ; implore ; beg ; petition ; 
solicit; crave. 

SUP'PLI-€A-TING, ppr. or a. Entreating ; imploring. 

SUP'PLI-€a-TING-LY, adv. By way of supplication. 

SUP-PLI-C A'TION, 7i. [Fr. ; L. suppliratio.] 1. Humble and 
earnest prayer in worship. 2. Earnest request. — 3. In 
Roman antiquity, a religious solemnity observed in conse- 
quence of some military success, and also in times of dis- 
tress and danger, to avert the anger of the gods. Smith's 
Diet.— Syn. Entreaty; petition; solicitation; craving 

SUP'PLI-CA-TO-RY, a. Containing supplication ; humble ; 
submissive. — Johnson. 

SUP-°Ll.ED'(sup-plIde'),£p. [from supply.] Fully furnished ; 
having a sufficiency. 

SUP-PLi'ER, n. He who supplies. 

SUP-PLlES, n. ; pi. of Supply. Things supplied in suffi- 
ciency. — In England, moneys granted by Parliament for 
public expenditure. 

SUP-PL?', v. t. [L. suppleo ; Fr. suppleer ; Sp. suplir ; It. sup- 
plire.] 1. To fill up tis any deficiency happens ; to add 
what is wanted; to a fiord a sufficiency. 2. To serve in- 
stead of. 3. To givj ; to bring or furnish. 4. To fill va- 



cant room. 5. To fill.— 6. In general, to give or afford 
what is wanted.— Syn. To furnish; provide; administer; 
minister ; contribute ; yield ; accommodate. 

SUP-PL?', n. Sufficiency of things for use or want ; the nec- 
essary stores and provisions. 

SUP-PL Y'ING, ppr. Yielding or furnishing what is wanted ; 
affording a sufficiency. 

t SUP-PLY'MENT, 7i, A furnishing.— Shak. 

SUP-PoRT, v. t. [Fr. supporter ; It. sopportare ; L. supportu. 
1. To bear or hold up, as weight, &e. 2. To bear without 
being overcome, as misfortune, calamity, &c. 3. To bear 
without shrinking, as sufferings. 4. To sustain ; to keep 
from fainting or sinking. 5. To sustain ; to act or repre- 
sent well. 6. To bear ; to supply funds for or the means 
of continuing. 7. To sustain ; to carry on. 8. To sustain 
with provisions and the necessary means of living. 9. To 
sustain; to keep from failing. 10. To sustain without 
change or dissolution. 11. To bear ; to keep from sink- 
ing. 12. To bear without being exhausted ; to be able to 
pay. 13. To sustain, as a character. 14. To make good, 
as charges. 15. To uphold by aid or countenance. 16. 
To defend successfully, as a cause. 17. To act as one's 
aid or attendant on some public occasion by sitting or 
walking at his side ; as, Mr. O'Connell left the prison, sup- 
ported by his two sons; [England.]— Syn. To maintain 
endure ; verify ; substantiate ; countenance ; patronize 
help ; back ; second ; succor ; relieve ; uphold ; encour 
age ; favor ; nurture ; nourish ; cherish ; shield ; defend 
protect ; stay ; assist ; forward. 

SUP-PoRT, 7i. 1. The act or operation of upholding or 
sustaining. 2. That which upholds, sustains, or keeps 
from falling, as a pillar or foundation of any kind. 3. That 
which maintains life. 4. Necessaries of life, or income. 
5. An upholding ; continuance in any state, or preserva 
tion from falling, sinking, or failing. — 6. In general, that 
which sustains any thing without suffering it to fail, de- 
cline, or languish. 7. That which upholds or relieves.— 
Syn. Stay; prop; maintenance; subsistence; assistance, 
favor ; countenance ; encouragement ; patronage ; aid ; 
help ; succor ; nutriment ; sustenance ; food. 

SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be upheld or sus- 
tained. 2. That may be borne or endured. 3. That may 
be borne without resistance or punishment 4. That can 
be maintained. — Syn. Tolerable; endurable; sufferable 

SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable. 

SUP-PoRT A-BLY, adv. In a supportable manner. 

t SUP-PoRT'ANCE, n. Maintenance ; support. 

t SUP-PoRT- a'TION, n. Maintenance ; support. 

SUP-PoRT'ED, pp. Borne ; endured ; upheld ; maintained , 
subsisted ; sustained ; carried on. 

SUP-PoRT'ER, n. 1. One who supports or maintains. 2. 
That which supports or upholds ; a prop, a pfllar, &c. 3. 
A sustainer ; a comforter. 4. A maintainer ; a defender. 
5. One who maintains or helps to carry on. 6. An advo- 
cate ; a defender ; a vindicator. 7. An adherent ; one 
who takes part. 8. One who sits by or walks with an- 
other, on some public occasion, as an aid or attendant. — 

9. In ship-building, a knee placed under the cat-head. — 

10. Supporters, in heraldry, are figures of beasts that ap- 
pear to support the arms.— Johnson. 

t SUP-PoRTFUL, a. Abounding with support. 

SUP-PoRT'ING, ppr. Bearing; enduring; upholding; sua 
taming; maintaining; subsisting; vindicating. 

SUP-PoRT'LESS, a. Having no support. 

t SUP-PoRT'MENT, n. Support— Wotton. 

SUP-PoS'A-BLE, a. [from suppose.] That may be sup 
posed ; that may be imagined to exist. 

tSUP-PoS'AL, 7i. [from suppose.] Position without proof, 
the imagining of something to exist ; supposition. 

SUP-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. supposer ; L. suppositus.] 1. To lay 
down or state as a proposition or fact that may exist or be 
true, though not known or believed to be true or to exist ; 
or to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument 
or illustration. 2. To receive as true. 3. To think. 4. To 
require to exist or be true. 5. To put one thing by fraud 
in the place of another ; [obs.] — Syn. To imagine ; believe ; 
conclude ; judge ; consider ; view ; regard ; conjecture ; 
assume. 

t SUP-PoSE', n. Supposition ; position without proof. 

SUP-P5S.ED' (sup-pozd'), pp. or a. Laid down or imagined 
as true ; imagined ; believed ; received as true. 

SUP-PoS'ER, 7i. One who supposes.— Shak. 

SUP-PoS'ING, ppr. Laying down or imagining to exist or 
be true; imagining; receiving as true. 

SUP-PO-Si"TION (sup-po-zish'un), n. 1. The act of laying 
down, imagining, or admitting as true or existing, what is 
known not to be true, or what is not proved. 2. The po- 
sition of something known not to be true or not proved ; 
hypothesis. 3. Imagination ; belief without full evidence. 
—4. In music, the use of two successive notes of equa' 
length, one of which being a discord, supposes the other a 
concord. Brande — Syn. Conjecture; surmise; guess. 

SUP-PO-Si"TION-AL, a. Hypothetical.— South. 



inopsis. A, E. I, &c, long.— a, E, 1, <fec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SUP 



995 



SUR 



SUP-POS-I-TY'TIOUS (-tish'us), a. [L. supposititius.] Put 
by trick in the place belonging to another ; not genuine 
spurious; counterfeit. 

SUP-POS-I-Tl"TIOUS-LY (-tish'us-le), adv. Hypothetical^ 
by supposition.— Sir T. Herbert. 

SUP-POS-I-Tl"TIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being sup 
posititious. 

SUP-POS'I-TlVE, a. Supposed ; including or implying sup 
position. — CMllingworth. 

SUP-POS'I-TlVE, n. A word denoting or implying suppo 
sition. — Harris. 

SUP-POS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. With, by, or upon supposition. 

SUP-POS'I-TO-RY, n. [Fr. suppositoire.] In medicine, a pill 
or bolus, introduced into the rectum to procure stools 
when clysters can not be administered. 

SUP-PRESS', v. t. [L. suppressus. | 1. To overpower and 
crush. 2. To keep in ; to withhold from utterance or 
vent. 3. To retain without disclosure ; not to tell or re- 
veal. 4. To retain without communication or making 
public. 5. To hinder from circulation. 6. To obstruct 
from discharges; to hinder. — Syn. To repress; restrain ; 
put down ; overthrow ; overpower ; overwhelm ; conceal ; 
stifle ; stop ; smother. 

SUP-PRESSED' (sup-presf), pp. or a. Crushed ; destroyed ; 
retained ; concealed ; stopped ; obstructed. 

SUP-PRESSING, ppr. Subduing ; destroying ; retaining 
closely; concealing; obstructing. 

SUP-PRES'SION (-presh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. suppressio.] 1. 
The act of suppressing, crushing, or destroying. 2. The 
act of retaining from utterance, vent, or disclosure ; con- 
cealment. 3. The retaining of any thing from public no- 
tice. 4. The stoppage, obstruction, or morbid retention 
of discharges. — 5. In grammar or composition, omission. 

SUP-PRESS'lVE, a. Tending to suppress ; subduing ; con- 
cealing. — Seward. 

SUP-PRESS'OR, n. One who suppresses ; one who sub- 
dues ; one who prevents utterance or disclosure. 

SUP'PU-RaTE, v. i. [L. suppuro.] To generate pus. 

SUP'PU-RaTE, v. t. To cause to suppurate.— ArbuthnoU 

SUP'PU-Ra-TING, ppr. Generating pus. 

SUP-PU-Ra'TIQN, n. [Fr. ; L. suppuratio.] 1. The process 
of producing purulent matter, or of forming pus, as in a 
wound or abscess. 2. The matter produced by suppu- 
ration. 

SUP'PU-RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. suppuratif] Tending to suppu- 
rate ; promoting suppuration. 

SUP'PU-RA-TlVE, n. A medicine that promotes suppu- 
ration. 

SUP-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. supputatio.] Reckoning; account; 
computation. — Holder. 
SUP-PuTE', v. t. [L. supputo.] To reckon ; to compute. 

StJ'PRA, a Latin preposition, signifying above, over, or beyond. 

SU-PRA-AX'IL-LA-RY, a. [supra and axil.} In botany, 
growing above the axil ; inserted above the axil. 

SU-PRA-CIL'IA-RY, a. [L. supra and citium.] Situated 
above the eyebrow. — lire. 

SU-PRA-CRE-TI'CEOUS, \ a. [L. supra or super, and creta.] 

SU-PER-CRE-Tl'CEOUS, ) In geology, applied to rocks 
which lie above the chalk. 

sU-PRA-DE-€OM'POUND, a. [supra and decompound.} 
More than decompound ; thrice compound. 

SU-PRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS (-shus), a. [L. supra and folium.] 
In botany, inserted into the stem above the leaf or petiole, 
or axil. 

SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, 1 a. [L. supra and lapsus.] Pertain- 

3U-PRA-LAP'SA-RY, > ing to the Supralapsarians, or to 
their doctrines. — Murdoch. 

SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, n. One of that class of Calvinists 
who believed that God's decree of election was a part of 
his original plan, according to which he determined to 
create men, and that they should apostatize, and that he 
would then save a part of them by a Redeemer. — Mur- 
doch. See Sublapsarian. 

SU-PRA-MUN'DANE, a. [L. supra and mundus.] Being or 
situated above the world, or above our system. 

SU-PRA-NATU-RAL-ISM, n. The same with supernatural- 
ism, which see.- -Murdoch. 

SU-PRA-NAT'U-RAL-IST, n. The same as supernaturalist, 
which see. 

SU-PRA-ORB'IT-AL, a. [supra and orbit.} Being above the 
orbit of the eye. 

SU-PRA-Re'NAL, a. [L. supra and ren, renes.] Situated 
above the kidneys. 

SU-PRA-S€AP'U-LA-RY, a. [L. supra and scapula.] Being 
above the scapula. 

SU-PRA-VUL'GAR, a. [supra and vulgar.} Being above the 
vulgar or common people. — Collier. 

SU-PREM'A-CY, n. State of being supreme or in the high- 
est station of power ; highest authority or power. — Oath 
of supremacy, an oath maintaining the royal prerogative, 
and denying the supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical 
or temporal affairs in England. — Brande. 
SU-PReME', a._ [L. supremus ; Fr. supreme.] 1. Highest in 



authority ; holding the highest place in government or 
power. 2. Highest, greatest, or most excellent. 3. It is 
sometimes used in a bad sense ; as, supreme contempt, con- 
tempt carried to the utmost extent. 

SU-PReME'LY, adv. 1. With the highest authority. 2. In 
the highest degree ; to the utmost extent. 

SUR, a prefix, from the French, contracted from L. super, 
supra, signifies over, above, beyond, upon. 

t SUR-AD-DI"TION (-ad-dish'un), n. [Fr. sur and addition ] 
_Something added to the name.— Shah. 

SU'RAL, a. [L. sura.] Being in or pertaining to the calf of 
the leg ; as, the sural artery. — Wiseman. 

tSu'RANCE, for assurance.— Shah. 

SUR'BISE, n. A cornice or series of moldings on the top 
of the base of a pedestal, podium, Sec— Francis. 

SUR'BaSED (sur'baste), a. Having a surbase. 

SUR-BaSE'MENT, n. The trait of any arch or vault which 
describes a portion of an ellipse. — Elmes. 

SUR-BaTE', v. t. [It. sobattere.] 1. To bruise or batter the 
feet by travel. 2. To harass ; to fatigue. 

SUR-BaT'ED, pp. Bruised in the feet ; harassed ; fatigued. 

SUR-BaT'ING, ppr. Bruising the feet of ; fatiguing. 

tSUR-BEAT', >, , . 

tSUR-BET', ' 1*ot surbate. 

SUR-BED', v. t. To set edgewise, as a stone ; that is, in a 
position different from that which it had in the quarry. 

SUR-BED'DED, pp. Set edgewise. 

SUR-BED'DING : ppr. Setting edgewise. 

SUR-CeASE', v. i. [Fr. sur and cesser.] 1. To cease ; to 
stop ; to be at an end. 2. To leave oft"; to practice no 
longerj to refrain finally. — Harte. [Nearly obsolete.] 

1 SUR-CeASE', v. t. To stop ; to cause to cease. 

t SUR-CEASE', n. Cessation ; stop. 

SUR-CHaRGE', v. t. [Fr. surcharges] 1. To overload ; to 
overburden. — 2. In law, to overstock ; to put more cattle 
into a common than the person has a right to do, or more 
than the herbage will sustain. 

SUR-CHaRgE', n. An excessive load or burden ; a load 
greater than can be well borne. — Bacon. 

SUR-CHXRG.ED' (sur-charjd'), pp. Overloaded ; over- 
stocked. 

SUR-CHaRg'ER, n. One who overloads or overstocks. 

SUR-CHaB.G'ING, ppr. Overloading ; burdening to excess ; 
overstocking with cattle or beasts. 

SUR'CIN"GLE (-sing-gl), n. [Fr. sur, and L. cingulum.] L 
A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over 
any thing laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast. 2. The 
girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the 
waist. 

SUR'CIN"GL.ED, a. Girt ; bound with a surcingle. 

SUR'CLE (sur'kl), n. [L. surculus.] A little shoot ; a twig ; 
a sucker. 

SUR'CoAT, n. [Fr. sur, and Eng. coat.] A short coat worn 
over the other clothes. — Camden. 

f SUR'CREW, n. Additional crew or collection. 

t SUR'CU-LaTE, v. t. [L. surculo.] To prune. 

t SUR-CU-L ITION, n. The act of pruning— Brown. 

SURD, a. [L. surdus.] 1. Deaf; not having the sense ot 
hearing ; [obs.] 2. Unheard ; [obs.] 3. A term designa- 
ting a quantity which can not be expressed by rational 
numbers. 

SURD, n. In algebra, a quantity which can not be ex- 
pressed by rational numbers. Thus the square root of 2 
is a surd. 

SURD'-NUM-BER, n. A number that is incommensurate 
with unity. 

t SURD'I-TY, n. Deafness. 

SURE (shure), a. [Fr. sur, seur ; Arm. sur ; Norm, seor, seur 
Sure may be a contraction of L. securus.] 1. Not liable to 
be broken ; certainly to be executed, as a promise. 2. 
Certainly knowing, or having full confidence. 3. Not liable 
to be shaken or taken away, as a throne. 4. Not liable to 
failure, loss, or change ; as, a sure covenant. — 2 Sam., xxih. 
— Neh., ix. 5. Certain of obtaining or of retaining. 6. 
Not liable to be broken or disturbed. 7. Not liable to fail- 
ure, as income. — To be sure, or be sure, certainly.— To 
make sure, to make certain ; to secure so that there can be 
no failure of the purpose or object— Syn. Certain ; un- 
failing ; infallible ; safe ; firm ; permanent ; steady ; stable ; 
strong ; secure ; indisputable ; confident ; positive. 

SURE (shure), adv. Certainly ; without doubt ; doubtless. 

SuRE'-FOOT-ED, a. Not liable to stumble or fall. 

SuRE'LY(shure'le), adv. 1. Certainly ; infallibly ; uudoubt 
edly.— South. 2. Firmly; without danger of falling. 

SuRE'NESS (shiire'nes), n. Certainty.— Woodward. [Rare.] 

SuRE'TI-SHIP (shure'te-ship), n. The state of being surety 
the obligation of a person to answer for another. 

SfJRE'TY (shure'te), n. [Fr. surete.] 1. Certainty ; indubita- 
bleness. 2. Security ; safety. 3. Foundation of stability ; 
support. 4. Evidence ; ratification ; confirmation. 5. Se- 
curity against loss or damage ; security for payment. — 6 
In law, one who is bound with and for another ; a bonds 
man ; a bail. 7. A hostage. 



DAVE —BULL 0NITE — AN"GER Vi"CIOUS ;— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 1 (Mcieu 



SUR 



996 



SUR 



SURF, n. 1. The swell of the sea which breaks upon the 
shore, or upon sand-banks or rocks. — 2- In agriculture, the 
bottom or conduit of a drain ; [local.] 

SITIt'FACE, n. [Fr. sur and face.] 1. The exterior part of 
any thing that has length and breadth ; one of the limits 
that terminates a solid ; the superficies ; outside. — 2. In 
geometry, a magnitude that has length and breadth without 
thickness. 

SUR'FEIT (sur'fit), v. t. [Fr. sur and J aire, fait.] 1. To feed 
with meat or drink so as to oppress the stomach and de- 
range the functions of the system ; to overfeed and pro- 
duce sickness or uneasiness. 2. To cloy ; to fill to satiety 
and disgust. 

riUR'FEl'f, v. i. To be fed till the system is oppressed, and 
sickness or uneasiness ensues. — Shak. 

SUR'FElT, n. 1. Fullness and oppression of the system, oc- 
casioned by excessive eating and drinking. 2. Excess in 
eating and drinking. — Shak. 

SUR'FEIT-ED (sur'fit-ed), pp. Surcharged and oppressed 
with eating and drinking to excess ; cloyed. 

SUR'FElT-ER, it, One who riots ; a glutton.— Shak. 

SUR'FElT-ING, ppr. Oppressing the system by excessive 
eating and drinking ; cloying ; filling to disgust. 

SUR'FElT-ING, n. The act of feeding to excess ; gluttony. 

SUR'FEIT-WA-TER, n. [surfeit and water.] Water for the 
cure of surfeits. — Locke. 

SURGE, n. [L. surgo, to rise.] 1. A large wave or billow ; 
a great rolling swell of water. — 2. In ship-building, the 
tapered part in front of the whelps, between the chocks 
of a capstan, on which the messenger may surge. 

SURGE, v. t. To let go a portion of a rope suddenly. 

SURGE, v. i. 1. To swell ; to rise high and roll, as waves. 
— Spenser. 2. To slip back ; as, the cable surges. 

SURGE'LESS (surjles), a. Free from surges ; smooth ; 
calm. 

SUR'GEON (sur'jun), n. [contracted from chirurgeon.] One 
whose profession or occupation is to cure external dis- 
eases or injuries of the body by manual operation, some- 
times aided by medicines either external or internal. 

SUR'GEON-CY, n. The office or employment of a surgeon 
in the naval or military service. 

SUR'GER-Y, n. The act of healing external diseases and in- 
juries of the body by manual operation, sometimes aided 
by medicines either external or internal. 

SUR'GI€-AL, a. Pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done 
by means of surgery. 

PURGING, ppr. or a. Swelling and rolling, as billows. 

SUR'GY, a. Rising in surges or billows ; full of surges. 

Su'RI-CATE, n - A carnivorous African quadruped nearly 
as large as the domestic cat. It is allied to the ichneumon. 

SUR'LI-LY, adv. In a surly, morose manner. 

SUR'LI-NESS, n. Gloomy moroseness ; crabbed ill-nature. 

t SUR'LING, n. A sour, morose fellow. — Camden. 

SUR'LOIN. See Sirloin. 

SUR'LY, a. [W. sicr.] 1. Gloomily morose; crabbed ; snarl- 
ing ; sternly sour ; roitgh ; cross and rude. 2. Rough ; 
dark; tempestuous. 

f SUR-MlSAL, n. Surmise. 

SUR-MlSE', v. t. [Norm, surmys, surmitter.] To suspect ; 
to imagine without certain knowledge ; to entertain 
thoughts that something does or will exist, but upon slight 
evidence. 

SUR-MlSE', n. The thought or imagination that something 
may be, of which, however, there is no certain or strong 
evidence. — Syn. Conjecture ; supposition ; suspicion ; 
doubt. 

8UR-MIS.ED' (sur-mizd'), pp. Suspected ; imagined upon 
slight_evidence. 

SUR"-MiS'ER, n. One who surmises. 

SUR-MlSTNG, ppr. Suspecting ; imagining upon slight evi- 
dence. 

SUR-MIS'ING, n. The act of suspecting ; surmise. 

SUR-MOUNT, v. t. [Fr. surmonter] 1. To rise above. 2. 
To be superior to, as difficulties. 3. To go beyond. Mil- 
ton. — Syn. To conquer ; overcome ; surpass ; exceed ; 
vanquish : subdue. 

SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be overcome ; super- 
able. 

SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being sur- 
mountable. 

SUR-MOUNT'ED, pp. 1. Overcome; conquered; surpassed. 
— 2. a. In architecture, used to denote an arch or dome, 
which rises higher than a semicircle. — 3. In heraldry, a 
term used when one figure is laid over another. — Brande. 

SUR-MOUNT'ER, n. One who surmounts. 

SUR-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising above ; overcoming. 

SUR-MUL'LET, n. A fish of the genus mullus, allied to the 
perch, famous for passing through various colors in dying. 

SUR.'MU-LOT, n. [Fr.] A name of the brown or Norway 
rat. 

SUR'NaME, n. [Fr. surnom ; It. soprannome ; Sp. sobre- 
nombre ; L. super and nomen.] 1. An additional name ; a 
name or appellation added to the baptismal or Christian 



name, and which becomes a family name. 2. An appella- 
tion added to the original name. 

SUR-NIME', v. t. [Fr. surnommer.] To name or call by an 
appellation added to the original name. , 

SUR-NIM.ED' (sur-namd'), pp. Called by a name added to 
the Christian or original name. 

SUR-NaM'ING, ppr. Naming by an appellation added to 
the original name. 

SUR-OX'YD, n, [sur and oxyd.] An oxyd containing more 
equivalents of oxygen than of the base with which it ia 
combined. [French. Not used.] 

SUR-OX'YD-aTE, v. t. To form a suroxyd. [Not used.] 

SUR-PaSS', v. t. [Fr. surpasser.] To go beyond in any 
thing, good or bad. — Syn. To exceed; excel; outdo; 
outstrip. 

SUR-PaSS'A-BLE, a. That may be exceeded.— Diet. 

SUR-PXSS.ED' (sur-pasf), pp. Exceeded; excelled. 

SUR-P1SSTNG, ppr. 1. Exceeding; going beyond. 2. a. 
Excellent in an eminent degree ; exceeding others. 

SUR-P ASSTNG-LY, adv. In a very excellent manner, or in 
a degree surpassing others. 

SUR-P iSS'ING-NESS, n. The state of surpassing. 

SURPLICE (sur-plis), n. [Fr. surplis ; Sp. sobrepelliz.] A 
white garment worn over their other dress by the clergy 
of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other church 
es, in some of their ministrations. 

SUR'PLlCE-FEES, n. [surplice and fees.] Fees paid to the 
English clergy for occasional duties. — Warton. 

SUR'PLlOED (-plist), a. Wearing a surplice.— Mallet. 

SUR'PLUS, n. [Fr. sur and plus ; L.plus.] 1. Overplus, 
that which remains when use is satisfied ; excess beyond 
what is prescribed or wanted. — 2. In law, the residuum of 
an estate, after the debts and legacies are paid. 
SUR'PLUS-AGE, n. 1. Surplus.— 2. In law, something in 
the pleadings or proceedings not necessary or relevant to 
the case, and which may be rejected. — 3. In accounts, a 
greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant 
amounts to. — Rees. 

SUR-PRlSAL (sur-priz'al), n. The act of surprising or 
coming upon suddenly and unexpectedly, or the state of 
being taken unawares. 

SUR-PRlSE', v. t. [Fr.] 1. To come or fall upon suddenly 
and unexpectedly; to take unawares. 2. To strike with 
wonder or astonishment. 3. To confuse ; to throw tho 
mind into disorder by something suddenly presented to 
the view or to the mind. 

SUR-PRlSE', n. 1. The act of coming upon unawares, or 
of taking suddenly and without preparation. 2. The state 
of being taken unexpectedly. 3. An emotion excited by 
something happening suddenly and unexpectedly. 4. A 
dish with nothing in it ; [obs.] — Syn. Wonder ; astonish 
ment ; amazement. 

SUR-PRlS^D' (sur-prizd'), pp. Come upon or taken una 
wares ;_ struck with something novel or unexpected. 

SUR-PRlS'ING, ppr. 1. Falling on or taking suddenly una 
wares ; striking with something novel. 2. a. Exciting sur 
prise ; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment- 
Syn. Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonish 
ing. 

In a manner or degree that ex 



Over 



SUR-PRIS'ING-LY, adv. 
cites surprise. 

SUR-P RlSTNG-NESS, r„. State of being surprising. 

t SUR'QUED-RY, n. [sur, and Norm. Fr. cuider.] 
weening pride ; arrogance. — Spenser. 

SUR-RE-BUT, v. i. [sur and rebut.] In legal pleadings, t< 
reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter. - 

SUR-RE-BUTTER, n. The plaintiff's reply in pleading to 
a defendant's rebutter. — Blackstone. 

SUR-RE- JOIN', v. i. [sur and rejoin.] In legal pleadings, to 
reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder. 

SUR-RE-JOIN'DER, n. The answer of a plaintiff to a de- 
fendant's rejoinder. 

SUR-REN'DER, v. t. [probably a corruption of Fr. se rendre, 
to yield.] 1. To yield to the power of another ; to give or 
deliver up possession upon compulsion or demand. 2. To 
yield ; to give up ; to resign in favor of another ; cede. 
3. To give up ; to resign.—4. In law, to yield an estate, a9 
a tenant, into the hands of the lord for such purposes as 
are expressed in the act. 5. To yield to any influence, 
passion, or power. 

SUR-REN'DER, v. i. To yield ; to give up one's self into 
the power of another. 

SUR-REN'DER, n. 1. The act of yielding or resigning one's 
person or the possession of something into the power of 
another. 2. A yielding or giving up.— b\ In law, a yielding 
up of an estate for fife or years to him who has an imme- 
diate estate in reversion or remainder, by which the lesser 
estate is merged into the greater by mutual agreement.— 
Bouvier. 

SUR-REN'DER.ED, pp. Yielded or delivered to the power 
of another ; given up ; resigned. 

SUR-REN-DER-EE', n. In law, a person to whom the lord 

grants surrendered lan d ; the cestuy que use. 

short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, E, I, &c. 



SUR 



997 



SUb 



SUR-RENT)ER-ING, ppr. Yielding or giving up to the 
po^ar of another ; resigning. 

SUic-REN'DER-OR n. The tenant who surrenders an 
estate into the hands of his lord. — Blackstone. 

SUR-REN'DRY, n. A surrender. 

SUR-REP'TION, n. [L. surreptus.] A coming unperceived , 
a stealing upon insensibly. [Little used.] 

SUR-REP-Tl"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. [L. surreptitius.] Done 
by stealth or without proper authority; made or intro- 
duced fraudulently. 

SUR-REP-Tl"TIOUS-LY (-tish'us-le), adv. By stealth ; with- 
out authority ; fraudulently. 

SUR'RO-GaTE, n. [L. surrogatus.] In a general sense, a 
deputy ; a delegate ; a substitute ; particularly, in En- 
gland, the deputy of an ecclesiastical judge. — In some of 
the United States, an officer who presides over the probate 
of wills and the settlement of estates. 

SUR'RO-GaTE, v. t. To put in the place of another. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

SUR-RO-GI'TION, n. The act of substituting one person 
in the place of another. [Little used.] 

SUR-ROUND', v. t. [sur and round.] 1. To inclose on all 
sides. 2. To he or be on all sides of. — Syn. To encom- 
pass ; encircle ; environ ; invest ; hem in ; fence about. 

SUR-ROUND'ED, pp. Encompassed; inclosed; beset. 

SUR-ROUND'ING, ppr. or a. Encompassing ; inclosing ; 
being on all sides of. 

SUR-ROUND'ING, n. An encompassing. 

SUR-SOL'ID, n. [sur and solid, or surdesolid.] In mathe- 
matics, the fifth power of a number, or tbe product of the 
fourth multiplication of a number considered as the root. 

SUR-SOL'ID, a. Denoting the fifth ipower.—Sursolid prob- 
lem is that which can not be resolved but by curves of a 
higher kind than the conic sections. 

SUR-T5UT, n. [Fr. sur-tout, over all.] A man's coat to be 
worn over hi3 other garments. 

SUR'TUR-BRAND, n. Fibrous brown coal or bituminous 
wood, so called in Iceland. — Ure. 

SUR-VEIL LANCE (sur-val'yans), n. [Fr.] Watch; in- 
spection. 

SUR-VeNE', v. t. [Fr. survenir.] To supervene ; to come 
as an addition. — Harvey. [Little used.] 

SUR-VEY' (sur-va'), v. t. [Norm, surveer, surveoir.] 1. To 
inspect or take a view of; to view with attention, as from 
a high place. 2. To view with a scrutinizing eye ; to ex- 
amine. 3. To examine with reference to condition, situa- 
tion, and value. 4. To measure, as land ; or to ascertain 
the contents of land by lines and angles. 5. To examine 
or ascertain the position and distances of objects on the 
shore of the sea, the depth of water, nature of the bottom, 
and whatever may be necessary to facilitate the naviga- 
tion of the waters, and render the entrance into harbors, 
sounds, and rivers easy and safe. 6. To examine and as- 
certain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the 
tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same. 
7. To examine and ascertain, as the state of agriculture. 

* SUR'VEY (sur'va), n. [formerly accented on the last syl- 
lable.] 1. An attentive view ; a look or looking with care. 
2. A particular view; an examination of all the parts or 
particulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condi- 
tion, quantity, or quality. 3. The act by which the quan- 
tity of a piece of land is ascertained ; also, the paper con- 
taining a statement of the courses, distances, and quantity 
of land. Bouvier. — 4. In the United States, a district for 
the collection of the customs, under the inspection and 
authority of a particular officer. — Trigonometrical survey, 
a survey on a large scale by means of a series of triangles, 
as for making a geometrical map of a country, or for 
measuring an arc of the terrestrial meridian. Brande. — 
Syn. Review ; retrospect ; examination ; prospect. 
SUR-VEY'AL, n. Survey; a viewing. — Barrow. 
SUR-VEY.ED' (sur-vade 7 ), pp. Viewed with attention ; ex- 
amined ; measured. 
SUK.-VEYING, ppr. Viewing with attention ; examining 

particularly ; measuring. 
SUR-VEYTNG (sur-va'ing), n. That branch of mathematics 
which teaches the art of measuring land ; the act or busi- 
ness of measuring land. 
SUR-VEY'OR (sur-va'or), n. 1. An overseer ; one placed 
to superintend others. 2. One who views and examines 
for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity, or 
quality of any thing. 3. One who measures land. — 4. In 
the custom-house, an officer who ascertains the weight and 
quantity of goods. 
SUR-VEY'OR-6EN'ER-AL, n. A chief or principal sur- 
veyor. 
SUR-VEY'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a surveyor. 
\ SUR- VIEW (sur-vu'), v. t. To survey.— Spenser. 
\ SUR.VIEW, n. Survey. 
r SUR-VlSE', v. t. [Fr. sur and viser.] To look over. — Ben 

Jonson. 
"SUR-ViV'AL, n. A living beyond the life of another person, 
thing, or event , an outliving. 



SUR-VlV'ANCE, 7i. Survivorship.— Hume. [Little used.} 

SUR- VIVE', v. t. [Fr. survivre ; It. sopravvivere ; Sp. so- 
brevivir ; L. supervivo.] 1. To outlive ; to five beyond the 
life of another. 2. To outlive any thing else ; to five be- 
yond any event. 

SUR- VIVE', v. i. To remain alive.— Denham. 

SUR-VlV'EN-CY, n. A surviving ; survivorship. 

SUR-VlV'ER, 7i. One who outlives another. See Survivok. 

SUR-VlV'ING, ppr. 1. Outliving ; living beyond the life of 
another. 2. a. Remaining alive ; yet living. 

SUR-VlV'OR, n. 1. One who outlives another. — 2. In law, 
the longer liver of two joint-tenants, or of any two persons 
who have a joint interest in any thing. 

SUR-ViV'OR-SHIP, n. 1. The state of outliving another .- 
2. In law, the right of a joint-tenant, or other person who 
has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate 
upon the death of the other or of the others. 

SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. [from susceptible.] The quality 
of admitting or receiving either something additional, or 
some change, affection, or passion. — Syn. Capability ; sens- 
ibility ; feeling ; emotion. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. suscipio.] 1. Capable of ad- 
mitting any thing additional, or any change, affection, or 
influence. 2. Tender; capable of impression; impressi- 
ble. 3. Having nice sensibility. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, n. Susceptibility, which see. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a susceptible manner. 

SUS-CEP'TION, n. The act of taking.— Ayliffe. [Rare.] 

SUS-CEP'TlVE, a. Capable of admitting ; readily admitting. 

SUS-CEP-TlV'I-TY, n. Capacity of admitting. [Rare.] 

SUS-CEP'TOR, 7i. [L.J One who undertakes ; a godfather. 

SUS-CIP1-EN-CY, 7i. Reception ; admission. 

SUS-CIP'I-ENT, a. Receiving ; admitting. 

SUS-CIP'I-ENT, 7i. One who takes or admits ; one who re- 
ceives. — Bp. Taylor. 

SUS'CI-TaTE, v. t. [Fr. susciter ; L. suscito.] To rouse . to 
excite ; to call into life and action. — Brown. 

SUS'CI-Ta-TED, pp. Roused; excited. 

SUS-CI-Ta'TION, 7i. The act of raising or exciting. 

SUS'CI-Ta-TING, ppr. Exciting ; calling into life and action. 

SUS'LIK, 7i. A spotted animal of the marmot kind ; the 
variegated or earless marmot. 

SUS-PECT, v. t. [L. suspectus.] 1. To imagine or have a 
slight opinion that something exists, but without proof, 
and often upon weak evidence or no evidence at all. 2. 
To imagine to be guilty, but upon slight evidence or with- 
out proof. 3. To hold to be uncertain. 4. To hold to be 
doubtful. 5. To conjecture. — Syn. To mistrust ; distrust ; 
surmise ; doubt. 

SUS-PECT', v. i. To imagine guilt.— Shak. 

SUS-PECT, a. Doubtful— Glanville. [Not much used.] 

t SUS-PECT, 7i. Suspicion.— Shak. 

SUS-PECT'A-BLE, a. That may be suspected. [Rare.] 

SUS-PECT'ED, pp. or a. Imagined without proof; mis- 
trusted. 

SUS-PE€T'ED-LY, adv. So as to excite suspicion. 

SUS-PECTED-NESS, n. State of being suspected. 

SUS-PECTER, 7i. One who suspects. 

SUS-PECTFUL, a. Apt to suspect or mistrust. 

SUS-PECTING, ppr. Imagining without evidence ; mis- 
trusting upon slight grounds. 

SUS-PECT'LESS, a. 1. Not suspecting ; having no suspi- 
cion. — Herbert. 2. Not suspected ; not mistrusted. — Beau- 
mont and Fletcher. 

SUS-PEND', v. t. [Fr. suspendre; It. sospendere ; Sp. sus- 
pender; L. suspendo.] 1. To attach to something above. 
2. To make to depend on. 3. To cause to cease for a 
time. 4. To hinder from proceeding for a time. 5. To 
hold in a state undetermined. 6. To debar from any 
privilege, from the execution of an office, or from the en- 
joyment of income. 7. To cause to cease for a time from 
operation or effect. — Syn. To hang ; interrupt ; delay ; in- 
termit ; stay ; hinder ; debar. 

SUS-PEND'ED, pp. or a. Hung up ; made to depend on ; 
caused to cease for a time ; delayed ; held undetermined. 

SUS-PEND'ER, 7i. 1. One who suspends.— 2. Suspenders, 
plural, straps worn for holding up pantaloons, <fcc. ; braces. 

SUS-PEND'ING, ppr. Hanging up ; making to depend on ; 

intermitting ; causing to cease for a time ; holding unde 

termined; debarring from action or right. 

SUS-PENSE', 7i. [L. suspensus.] 1. A state of uncertainty ; 

^determination ; indecision ; doubt. 2. Stop ; cessation 

for a time. — 3. In law, suspension ; a temporary cessation 

of a man's right. 

SUS-PENSE', a. Held from proceeding.— MiUon. | Rare.] 

SUS-PENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being suspended 

or sustained from sinking — Kirwan. 
SUS-PENS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being suspended or held 

from sinking. 
SUS-PEN'SION (-shun), n. [Fr. ; L. suspensio.] 1. The act 
of hanging up, or of causing to hang by being attached to 
something above. 2. The act of making to depend on any 
thing for existence or taking place. 3. The act of delay 



D6VE :— BULL. UNITE :— AN'GER. Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z • cH as SH ; TH us in this, t Obsolete 



iSUT 



998 



SWA 



lug. 4. Act of withnolding or balancing the judgment; 
forbearance of determination. 5. Temporary cessation. 
6. Temporary privation of powers, authority, or rights ; 
usually intended as a censure or punishment. 7. Preven- 
tion or interruption of operation. — 8. In rhetoric, a keeping 
of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what 
is to follow. — 9. In Scot's lato, a stay or postponement of 
execution of a sentence condemnatory, by means of letters 
of suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary. 
-10, In mechanics, points of suspension in a balance are 
the points in the axis or beam where the weights are ap- 
plied, or from which they are suspended.— 11. In music, 
every sound of a chord to a given base, which is continued 
to another base, is a suspension. Cyc. — Syn. Delay ; in- 
terruption ; intermission ; stop ; withholding. 

SUS-PEN'SION-BRID6E, n. A bridge supported by chains 
or ropes which pass over high piers or columns at each 
end, and are secured below. — Buchanan. 

SUS-PENS'lVE, a. Doubtful.— Beaumont and Fletcher. 

SUS-PENS'OR, n. In anatomy, a bandage to suspend the 
scrotum. 

SUS-PENS'O-RY, a. That suspends ; suspending. 

SUS-PENS'O-RY, n. That which suspends ; a truss. 

t SUS'Pl-CA-BLE, a. [L. suspicor.] That may be suspected ; 
liable to suspicion. — More. 

SUS-Pi"CION (sus-pish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. suspicio.] The act 
of suspecting ; the imagination of the existence of some- 
thing without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon 
no evidence at all. — Syn. Jealousy ; distrust ; mistrust ; 
diffidence; doubt. 

SUS-Pl"CIOUS (sus-pish'us), a. [L. suspiciosus.] 1. Inclined 
to suspect; apt to imagine without proof. 2. Indicating 
suspicion or fear. 3. Liable to suspicion ; adapted to raise 
suspicion ; giving reason to imagine ill. 4. Entertaining 
suspicion ; given to suspicion. — Syn. Distrustful ; mis- 
trustful; jealous; doubtful; questionable. 

SUS-PI"CIOUS-LY (sus-pish'us-le), adv. 1. With suspicion. 
2. So as to excite suspicion. — Sidney. 

SUS-Pl"CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being liable to 
suspicion, or liable to be suspected. 2. The quality or 
stateof being apt to suspect. 

SUS-Pl'RAL, n. [L. suspiro.] 1. A breathing-hole ; a vent 
or ventiduct. 2. A spring of water passing under ground 
toward a cistern or conduit ; [local.] 

SUS-PI-Ra'TION, n. [L. suspiratio.] The act of sighing or 
fetching a long and deep breath ; a sigh. — More. 

SUS-PlRE', v. i. To sigh ; to fetch a long, deep breath ; to 
breathe. — Shak. [Little used.] 

f SUS-PIR.ED' (sus-pird'), pp. or a. Wished for ; desired. 

SUS-TaIN', v. t. [L. sustineo ; Fr. soutenir ; It. sostenere ; Sp. 
sostener, sustentar.] 1. To bear up. 2. To hold ; to keep 
from falling. 3. To keep from sinking in despondence. 
4. To maintain ; to keep alive. 5. To bear up or keep in 
any condition by aid. 6. To bear; to endure without 
failing or yielding. 7. To bear ; to endure, as disgrace. 
8. To maintain ; not to dismiss or abate. 9. To maintain 
as a sufficient ground. — 10. In music, to continue, as the 
sound of notes through their whole length. — Syn. Sup- 
port; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo. 

I- SUSTAIN', n. That which upholds.— Milton. 

^US-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be sustained or maintained. 

SUS-TaIN£D' (sus-tand'), pp. Borne ; upheld ; maintained ; 
supported; subsisted; suffered. 

SUS-TilN'ER, n. He or that which sustains, upholds, or 
suffers. 

SUSTAINING, ppr. or a. Bearing ; upholding ; maintain- 
ing; suffering; subsisting. 

SUS-TIIN'MENT, n. The act of sustaining ; support. 

SUS-TAL'TI€, a. [Gr. avara^riKoS.] Mournful ; affecting. 
[An epithet given to a species of music by the Greeks.] 

SUS'TE-NANCE, n. [Norm. Fr.] 1. Support ; maintenance ; 
subsistence ; livelihood. 2. That which supports life ; 
food ; victuals ; provisions. 

* SUS-TENTA-CLE, n. [L. sustentaculum.] Support. 

SUS-TEN-Ta'TION, n. |Fr. ; L. sustentatw.] 1. Support ; 
preservation from falling. 2. Use of food. 3. Mainte- 
nance ; support of life. 

SU-SUR-Ra'TION, n. [L. susurratio.] A whispering ; a soft 
murmur. 

\ SuTE, n. [for suite.] Sort.— Hooker. 

) Su'TlLE, a. [It. sutilis.] Done by stitching. — Boswell. 

SUTLER, n. [D. zoetelaar.] A person who follows an army 
and sells to the troops provisions and liquors. 

SUT'LING, a. Belonging to sutlers ; engaged in the occu- 
pation of a sutler. — Tatler. 

SUT-TEE', 7i. 1. In the Sanscrit, or sacred language of the 
Hindoos, a female deity. 2. A widow who immolates 
herself on the funeral pile of her husband. 3. The sacri- 
fice of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her hus- 
band. 

SUT-TEE'ISM, n. The practice of self-immolation among 
widows in Hindostan. 

5UTTLE (suf tl), a. Suttle weight, in commerce, is the weight 



when the tare has been deducted, and tret is yet to be.— 

M'Culloch. 
SuT'UR-AL (sufyur-al), a. [L. sutura, a seam.] Relating to 

a suture or seam. — In botany, the dehiscence of a pericarp 

is sutural when it takes place at a suture, 
t StJT'UR-A-TED, a. [L. sutura.] Stitched, sewed, or knit 

_together. — Smith. 
SuT'URE (sutyure), n. [L. sutura.] 1. Literally, a sewing , 

hence, the uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. 

2. The seam or joint which unites the bones of the skull ; 

or the peculiar articulation or connection of those bones. 

— 3. In botany, the line or seam formed by the unioa cA 

_two margins in any part of a plant. 
SuT'UR.ED, a. Having sutures ; knit or united together. 
SU'UM -eUI'QUE TRI-BU'TO (-krkwe-). [L.] Give ev 

ery one his due. 
Su'ZE-RAIN-TY, n. [Fr. suzerainete, from suzerain, a lord 

paramount.] Paramount authority or command. — En- 

fantin. 
SWAB (swob), 72. [Sax. swebban, to sweep.] A mop for 

cleaning floors ; on board of ships, a large mop or bunch 

of old rope-yarn, used to clean the deck and cabin. 
SWAB, v. t. To clean with a mop ; to wipe when wet or 

after washing. 
SWABBED (swobd), pp. Cleaned with a mop. 
SWAB'BER, n. [D. zwabbcr.] One who uses a swab to 

clean a floor or deck ; on board of ships of war, an infe- 
rior officer, whose business is to see that the ship is kept 

SWAB'BING, ppr. Cleaning with a mop. 

SWAD, n. 1. A pod, as oi beans or peas ; [local.] 2. A 

short, fat person; [obs.] — 3. In New England, a. lump 

mass, or bunch; also, a crowd; [vulgar.] 
SWAD'DLE (swod'dl), v. t. [Sax. swathe, swethel ; D. zwaad , 

G. schwaden.] 1. To swathe ; to bind, as with a bandage ; 

to bind tight with clothes ; [used generally of infants.] 2. 

To beat; to cudgel; [obs.] 
SWAD'DLE, n. Clothes bound tight around the body. 
SWADDL.ED, pp. Swathed ; bound in tight clothes. 
SWAD'DLING, ppr. Swathing ; binding in tight clothes. 
SWAD'DLING-BAND, \ n. A band or cloth wrapped 
SWAD'DLING-CLOTH, 5 round an infant.— Luke, ii. 
SWAG, v. i. [qu. Sax. sigan : Sw. svag; Dan. svag.] To 

sink down by its weight ; to lean. — Grew. 
SWAG'-BEL-Lli?D, a. Having a prominent, overhanging 

belly, 
t SWagE, v.^t. Tp ease ; to soften ; to mitigate ; to as- 
suage, 
t SWaGE, v. i. To abate.— Barret. 
SWaGE, n. Among workmen in sheet-iron, a tool used tor 

making moldings upon sheet-iron. 
SWIGE, v. t. To use a swage ; to fashion a piece of iron 

by drawing it into a groove or mold having the required 

shape. — Haldeman. 
SWAG'GER, v. i. [Sax. swegan.] To bluster ; to bully , to 

boast or brag noisily; to be tumultuously proud. — Collier. 
t SWAG'GER, v. t. To overbear with boasting or bluster.— 

Annot. on Glanville. 
SWAG'GER-ER, n. A blusterer ; a bully ; a boastful, noisy 

fellow. — Shak. 
SWAG'GER-ING, ppr. or a. Blustering; boasting noisily. 
SWAG'GING, ppr. Sinking or inclining. 
SWAG'GY, a. Sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight.— 

Brown. 
SWaIN, n, [Sax. swein, swan ; Sw. sven ; Dan. svend ; Ice. 

svein.] 1. A young man. — Spenser. 2. A country servant 

employed in husbandry. — Shak. 3. A pastoral youth. 

Pope. — Syn. Countryman ; peasant ; hind ; clown ; rustic. 
SWaIN'ISH, a. Rustic. 

SWIIN'MoTE, ~\n. [swain and mote, meeting.] In England, 
SWkIN'MoTE, > a court touching matters of the forest 
SWAN'I-MoTE, ) held before the verderors of the forest 

as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every year, 

the swains or freeholders within the forest composing the 

jury. 
S WaIP, v. i. To walk proudly. [ Used in the North of En- 
gland for sweep.] 
SWALE, n. [probably from vale.] 1. An interval or vale ; a 

tract of lowland.— Halliwell; [New England.]— -2. In En- 
gland, a shade. 3. A flame. — Grose. 
SWALE, v. i. To waste. See Sweal. 
SWALE, v. t. To dress a hog for bacon by singeing or burn 

ing ofl* his hair. — Cyc. [Local.] 
SWAL'LET, n. Among the tin-miners, water breaking in 

upon the miners at their work. — Bailey. 
SWAL'LoW, n. [Sax. swalewe ; D. zwaluw ; G. schwalbe.] A 

well-known bird of the genus hirundo, of many species. 

Swallows have great powers of flight, and feed mostly on 

winged insects, which they seize while flying. They have 

the tail forked. 
SWAL'LoW. v. t. [Sax. swelgan, swilgan ; D. zwelgen.] 1. 

To take into the stomach ; to receive through the gullet 

or oesophagus into the stomach. 2. To absorb ; to draw 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—x, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



SWA 



999 



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arc! sink into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; usually follow- 
ed by up. 3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or be- 
lief, without examination or scruple ; to receive implicitly. 

4. To engross ; to appropriate. 5. To occupy ; to employ ; 
to consume. 6. To seize and waste. 7. To engross ; to 
engage completely. 8. To exhaust ; to consume. 

SWAL'Lo W, n. 1. The gullet or oesophagus ; the throat. 
2. Voracity. 3. As much as is swallowed at once. 

SWALXoW-FISH, n. A sea-fish, the sappkirine gurnard. 

SWAL'Lo W-TaIL, n. A plant, a species of willow. 

SWAL'LoW-TIIL£D, a. Dove-tailed, which see.—Gwilt. 

SWAL'LoW-WoRT, n. An herb of the genus asclepias, or 
cynanchjim, sometimes used in medicine. 

SWAL'Lo W : S-TaIL, n. The same as dove-tail. 

SWAL'Lo W.ED, pp. Taken into the stomach; absorbed; 
received without scruple ; engrossed ; wasted. 

SWAL'LoW-ER, n. One who swallows ; also, a glutton. — 
Tatler. _ 

SWAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Taking into the stomach ; absorb- 
ing ; ingulfing ; receiving implicitly ; engrossing. 

SWAL'LoW-ING, n. The act of taking-mto the stomach 
or of absorbing ; the act of receiving implicitly ; the act 
of engrossing. 

SWAM, pret. of swim. 

SWAMP (swomp), n. [Sax. swam ; Goth, swamms ; Germ. 
schwamm ; D. zwam ; Dan. svamp.] Spongy land ; low 
ground filled with water ; soft, wet ground. 

SWAMP, v. t. 1. To plunge, whelm, or sink in a swamp ; 
hence, to overset or sink and be lost in water. 2. To 
plunge into inextricable difficulties. 

SWAMP'-oRE, n. In mineralogy, an ore of iron found in 
swamps and morasses ; called, also, bog-ore. 

SWAMP.ED (swompt), pp. Overset or sunk in water; over- 
whelmed with difficulties. 

SWAMPING, ppr. Oversetting or sinking in water ; over- 
whelming with difficulties. 

SWAMPT, a. Consisting of swamp ; like a swamp ; low, 
wet, and spongy ; as, swampy land. 

SWAN (swon), n. [Sax. swan; B.zwaan; G.schwan; Dan. 
svane ; Sw. svan.] A large aquatic fowl of the genus cyg- 
ilus, apparently intermediate between ducks and geese. 
Swans have the neck very long, plumage close, thick, soft, 
and light. They are remarkable for grace and elegance 
upon the water. The adults of the common species are 
white, but an Australian species is black. — Nuttall. — 
P. Cyc. 

SWAN'-SKIN, n. [swan and skin.] A species of flannel of 
a soft texture, thick and warm. 

SWANG, n. A piece of low land or green sward, liable to 
be covered with water. — Halliwell. [Local in England.] 

SWAN'S'-DOWN, n. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool 
mixed with silk or cotton. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

SWAP (swop), adv. [qu. sweep.] Hastily ; at a snatch. [A 
low word, and local.] 

SWAP, n. A blow ; a stroke. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

SWAP. v. t. To exchange ; to barter ; to swop. See Swop. 

SWIPE, n. [qu. sweep.]' A pole supported by a fulcrum, 
on which it turns, used for raising water from a well, for 
churning, &c. — Ewerbank. 

SWAPPED (swopt), pp Exchanged ; bartered 

SWAP'PING, ppr. Exchanging. 

SWARD, n. [Sax. sweard ; Dan. svcer ; D. zwoord ; Gerra. 
schwarte ; W. gweryd.] 1. The skin of bacon ; [local] 
2. The grassy surface of land ; turf ; that part of the 
soil which is filled with the roots of grass, forming a kind 
of mat. 

SWARD, v. t. To produce sward ; to cover with sward. 

SWARD'-CUT-TER n. An instrument for cutting sward 
across the ridges. 

SWARD'Y, a. Covered with sward or grass. 

SWARD'ED, a. Covered with sward.— Drake. 

\ SWaRE, old pret. of swear. We now use swore. 

SWaRE, > n. A copper coin and money of account in 

SCHWaRE, 3 Bremen, value nearly \ penny sterling, or 
£ cent. 

SWARM, n. [Sax. swearm ; G. schwarm ; D. zwerm ; Dan. 
sverm.] 1. In a general sense a large number or body of 
small animals or insects, particularly when in motion ; but, 
appropriately, a great number of honey-bees which emi- 
grate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings. 2. A 
great number ; particularly, a great number of people in 
motion. — Syn. Multitude ; crowd ; throng. 

SWARM, v. i. [Sax. swearmian ; D. zwermen ; G. schwarmen ; 
Dan. svermer.] 1. To collect and depart from a hive by 
flight in a body, as bees. 2. To appear or collect in a 
crowd ; to run ; to throng together ; to congregate in a 
multitude. 3. To be crowded ; to be thronged with a 
multitude of animals in motion. 4. To breed multitudes. 

5. To climb, as a tree, by embracing it with the arms and 
legs, and scrambling. 

r SWARM, v. t. To crowd or throng. 

SWARMED, pp. of swarm. 

SWARM'ING, ppr. or a. from swarm. See the verb. 



■v.i. To sweat — Chaucer. 



SWART, > a. [Sax. swart, sweart ; Sw. svart ; G. schwarz . 
SWARTH, S D. zwart.] ,1. Being of a dark hue ; moder 

ately black ; tawny. 2. Gloomy ; malignant ; [obs.] 
SWART, v. t. To make tawny.— Brown. 
SWARTH, > A -^ e a ■ r, 

SWaIRTH \ apparition of a dying person.— Grose 

SWARTH'I-LY, adv. [from swarthy.] Duskily ; with a 
tawny hue. 

SWARTH'I-NESS, n. Tawniness ; a dusky complexion. 

t SWARTHNESS, n. Blackness ; darkness.— Dr. Clarke. 

SWARTHY, a. 1. Being of a dark hue or dusky complex- 
ion ; tawny. 2. Black. 

t SWARTHT, v. t. To make swarthy or dusky ; to black 
en. — Cowley. 

SWARTI-NESS, n. A tawny color.— Sherwood. 

SWART'ISH, a. Somewhat dark or tawny. 

SWARTY, a. Swarthy ; tawny.— Burton. 

t SWARVE, v. i. To swerve.— Spenser. 

SWASH (swosh), n. An oval figure, whose moldings are 
oblique to the axis of the work. — Moxon. 

SWASH n. 1. A blustering noise; a vaporing; [obs.] 2. 
Impulse of water flowing with violence. 

t SWASH, v. i. [D. zwetsen.] To bluster ; to make a great 
noise ; to vapor or brag. — Shak. 

SWASH \a. 1. Swaggering.— Forby. 2. Soft, like fruit 

SWASHT, 5 too ripe.— Pegge. [Local.] 

t SWASH'-BUCK-LER, n. A sword-player; a bully or 
braggadocio. — Milton. 

t SWASHER, n. One who makes a blustering show of 
valor or force of arms. — Shak. 

t SWXT, 

t SWITE, 

t SWATCH (swoch), n. A swath.— Tusser. 

SWATH, n. [Sax. swathe ; D. zwaad ; G. schwaden.] 1. A 
line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the 
scythe in mowing or cradling. 2. The whole breadth or 
sweep of a scythe in mowing or cradling. — Farmers. 3. 
A band or fillet. 

SW1THE, v. t. 1. To bind with a band, bandage, or rollers 
2. _To bind or wrap. — Abbot. 

SWaTHED, pp. Bound with a bandage or rollers. 

SWiTHTNG, ppr. or a. Binding or wrapping. 

SWAY, v. t. [D. zwaaijen ; Ice. sweigia ; Sw. sviga.] 1. Tc 
wield with the hand. 2. To cause to lean or incline t<» 
one side. 3. To influence or direct by power and authori- 
ty, or by moral force. — Syn. To swing ; move ; wave ; 
bias ; rule ; govern ; direct ; influence. 

SW1Y, v. i. 1. To be drawn to one side by weight ; to leas 
2. To have weight or influence. 3. To bear rule ; to govern. 
— 1. In seamen's language, to hoist ; [particularly applied 
to the lower yards and to the topmast-yards, tfC.] 

SWIY, n. 1. The swing or sweep of a weapon. — Milton. 
2. Any thing moving with bulk and power. 3. Preponder- 
ation ; turn or cast of balance. 4. Power exerted in gov- 
erning. 5. Weight or authority that inclines to one side ; 
a switch used by thatchers to bind their work. HallitoeU. 
— Syn. Rule; dominion; power; empire; control; in- 
fluence ; direction ; preponderance ; ascendency. 

SWaY£D, ppr. Wielded ; inclined to one side ; ruled ; gov- 
erned ; influenced ; biased. 

SWIYTNG, pp. Wielding ; causing to lean ; biasing ; ruling. 

SWaYTNG, n. Swaxjing of the back, among beasts, is a kind 
of lumbago, caused by a fall or by being overloaded. 

SWeAL, v. i. [Sax. swelan; sometimes written swale.] 1. 
To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle ; to waste 
away without feeding the flame. 2. To blaze away. See. 
also, Swale. 

SWe AL'ING, ppr. Melting and wasting away. 

SWE aR, v. i. ; pret. swore, [formerly sware ;] pp. sworn. [Sax. 
swerian, swerigan ; Goth, swaran ; D. zweeren ; G. schworen.] 

1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal 
to God for the truth of what is affirmed. 2. To promise 
upon oath. 3. To give evidence on oath. 4. To be pro 
fane ; to practice profaneness. 

SWEiB, v. t. 1. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal 
to God for the truth of the declaration 2. To put to an 
oath ; to cause to take an oath. 3. To declare or charge 
upon oath. 4. To obtest by an oath. — To swear the peace 
against one, is to make oath against him before the proper 
officer, as endangering the life or person of him who thus 
swears the peace. 

SWEaR'ER n. 1. One who swears ; one who calls G< 1 to 
witness for the truth of his declaration. 2. A profane per 
son. — Shak. 

SWEaR'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Affirming upon oath. 2. Putting 
upon oath ; causing to swear. 

SWEaR'ING, n. 1. The act or practice of affirming on oath 

2. Profaneness. 

SWEAT (swet), n. [Sax. swat ; D.zweet; G. schweiss ; Dan 
sveed ; Sw. svett.] 1. The fluid or sensible moisture which 
is excreted from the skin of an animal. 2. Labor ; toil ; 
drudgery. 3. Moisture evacuated from any substance. 

SWEAT (swet), v. i. ; pret. and pp. sweat, or sweated. Swot 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SWE 



1000 



SWE 



is obsolete. [Sax. swcetan ; Sw. svetta ; Dan. sveeder ; D. 
zweetens G. schwitzen.] 1. To excrete sensible moisture 
from the pores of the skin. 2. To toil ; to labor ; to drudge. 

3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap. 
SWEAT (swet), v. t. 1. To emit or suffer to flow from the 

pores ; to exude. — Dry den. ,2. To cause to excrete moist- 
ure from the skin. 

SWEATER (swefer), n. One who causes to sweat. 

S We AT'I-L Y, adv. So as to be moist with sweat ; in a 
sweaty state. 

SWe AT'I-NESS, n. The state of being sweaty or moist with 
sweat. 

SWEATING, ppr. 1. Excreting moisture from the skin ; 
throwing out moisture; exuding. 2. Causing to emit 
moisture upon the skin. 

SWeAT'ING-BaTH, n. A sudatory ; a bath for producing 
sensible sweat ; a hypocaust or stove. — Cyc. 

SWEATING-HOUSE, n. A house for sweating persons in 
sickness. — Cyc. 

SWeAT'ING-I-RON, n. A kind of knife or a piece of a 
scythe, used to scrape off sweat from horses. — Cyc. 

SWeATTNG-ROOM, n. 1. A room for sweating persons. 
— 2. In rural economy, a room for sweating cheese, and 
carrying off the superfluous juices. — Cyc. 

SWeATING-SICK'NESS, n. A febrile, epidemic disease 
which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particu- 
larly in England, in the 15th and 16th centuries. 

SWEATY (swet'te), a. 1. Moist with sweat. 2. Consisting 
of sweat. 3. Laborious ; toilsome. 

SWeDE, n. 1. A native of Sweden. 2. A Swedish turnip. 

SWE-DEN-BOR'Gl-AN, n. A foUower of Emanuel Sweden- 
borg, who Claimed to have habitual intercourse with the 
world of spirits, and to have received divine instructions 
from on high. He denied the doctrine of the Trinity, and 
maintained that Jesus Christ alone is God. He taught the 
doctrine of correspondences, i. e., that there is a spiritual 
meaning of the Scriptures lying back of the literal one, 
which constitutes the only true meaning. — Encyc. Amer. 

SWE-DEN-BOR'Gl-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of the Swe- 
denborgians. 

SWEDISH, a. Pertaining to Sweden. 

SWeD'ISH-TUR'NIP, n. The ruta baga, a species of turnip. 

SWEEP, v. I; pret. and pp. swept. [Sax. swapan, sweopan.] 
1. To brush or rub over with a brush, broom, or besom, 
for removing loose dirt ; to clean by brushing. 2. To car- 
ry with a long, swinging, or dragging motion ; to carry 
with pomp. 3. To drive or carry along or off by a long, 
brushing stroke or force, or by flowing on the earth. 4. 
To drive, destroy, or carry off many at a stroke, or with 
celerity and violence. 5. To rub over. 6. To strike with 
a long stroke. 7. To draw or drag over ; as, to sweep the 
bottom of a river with a rope, &c. 

SWEEP, v. i. 1. To pass with swiftness and violence, as 
something broad or brushing the surface of any thing. 2. 
To pass over or brush along with celerity and force. 3. 
To pass with pomp. 4. To move with a long reach. 

SWEEP, n. 1. The act of sweeping. 2. The compass of a 
stroke. 3. The compass of any turning body or motion. 

4. The compass of any thing flowing or brushing. 5. Vio- 
lent and general destruction. 6. Direction of any motion 
not rectilinear. 7. The mold of a ship when she begins to 
compass in, at the rung heads ; also, any part of a ship 
shaped by the segment of a circle. — 8. Among refiners of 
metals, the almond-furnace. — 9. Among seamen, a name 
given to large oars, used in small vessels to impel them 
in a calm, &c. — Totten. 10. A pole or piece of timber on 
a post, having a bucket suspended from one end for draw- 
ing water from a well. 11. A chimney-sweeper. 

SWEEP, n. The beam supported by a post, which is used 
in raising a bucket in a well. See Swape. 

SWEEP-NET, n. [sweep and net.] A large net for drawing 
over a large compass. 

SWEEP'-WASH-ER, n. The person who extracts from 
the sweepings, potsherds, &c, of refineries of gold and 
silver, the small residuum of precious metal. — Ure. 

SWEEP'ER, n. One who sweeps. 

SWEEPING, ppr. or a. Brushing over ; rubbing with a 
broom or besom ; cleaning with a broom or besom ; brush- 
ing along ; passing over ; dragging over. 

SWEEP'ING-LY, adv. By sweeping. 

SWEEPINGS, n. pi. Things collected by sweeping ; rub- 
bish. 

SWEEP'STaKE, n. [sweep and stake.] A man who wins all ; 
usually sweepstakes. — Shak. 

SWEEPSTAKES, n. pi. The whole money or other things 
staked or won at a horse-race. 

SWEEP'Y, a. 1. Passing with speed and violence over a 
great compass at once. — Dryden. 2. Strutting. 3. Wavy. 

SWEET, a. [Sax. swete ; D. zoet ; G. suss; Sw. sot.] 1. 
Agreeable or grateful to the taste. 2. Pleasing to the 
smell ; fragrant. 3. Pleasing to the ear ; soft ; melodi- 
ous ; harmonious. 4. Pleasing to the eye ; beautiful. 5. 
Fresh ; not salt. 6. Not sour. 7. Mild ; soft ; gentle. 8. 



Mild ; soft ; kind ; obliging. 9. Grateful ; pleasing. 10. 
Making soft or excellent music. 11. Not stale. 12. Not 
turned ; not sour. 13. Not putrescent or putrid. — SrN. 
Sugary ; saccharine ; dulcet ; luscious. 
SWEET, n. 1. Something pleasing or grateful to the mind. 
2. A sweet substance ; particularly, any vegetable juice 
which is added to wines to improve them. 3. A per- 
fume. 4. A word of endearment. — 5. Sweets, pi., home- 
made wines, metheglin, &c. — M'Culloch; [England.] 
Also, cane-juice, molasses, or other sweet vegetable sub- 
stance. 

The sweet-sop. — Lee. 

The pancreas of a calf or of any 



SWEET-AP-PLE, n 
SWEET-BREAD, n. 

animal. 
SWEET'-BRl-ER, n. 



A shrubby plant of the rose kind. 

SWEET'-BROOM, n. [sweet and broom.] A plant. 

SWEET-CIC'E-LY, n. A plant of the genus scandix, and 
another of the genus osmorrhiza. 

SWEET-CiS'TUS, n. An evergreen shrub, the cistus. 

SWEET-CORN, n. A variety of the maize, of a sweel 
taste. 

SWEET-FLAG, n. An aromatic plant of the genus acorus. 

SWEET-GUM, n. A tree of the genus liquidambar. 

SWEET'-HEART, n. A lover or mistress.— Shak. 

SWEET-JOHN'S, n. A plant, a species of dianthus, or pink. 

SWEET-MAR'JO-RAM, n. A very fragrant plant, a species 
of origanum. 

SWEET-MAUD'LIN, n. A species of achillea, allied to mil- 
foil. 

SWEET'-PeA, n. An annual leguminous plant, allied to 
the pea, cultivated for ornament. 

SWEET-PO-Ta'TO, n. A plant and the esculent part of its 
rOot, the convolvulus batatas, a native of both Indies and 
of China. It is the potato of Shakspeare and cotemporary 
writers. — Loudon. 

SWEET'-ROOT, n. The liquorice, or glycyrrhiza. 

SWEET'-RUSH, n. Another name ofthe sweet-flag. 

S WEET'-SCENT-ED, a. [sweet and scent.] Having a sweet 
smell ; fragrant. 

SWEET'-SMELL-ING, a. [sweet and smell] Having a sweet 
smell ; fragrant. 

SWEET-SOP, n. An evergreen shrub or tree, anona 
squamosa, allied to the custard apple. It grows in the 
West Indies, and bears a greenish fruit, sweet and pulpy, 
covered with scales like a pine-apple. — P. Cyc. 

SWEET-SUL'TAN, n. An annual flowering plant, centav 
rea moschata. 

SWEET-TEMTER.ED, a. Having a sweet disposition. 

SWEET-T5N.ED, a. Having a sweet sound. 

SWEET-WEED, n. A plant of the genus capraria. 

SWEET- WIL'LIAM, n. The name of several species of 
pink, ofthe genus dianthus. — Cyc. 

SWEET-WIL'LoW, n. A plant, the myrica gale. 

SWEET'-WOOD, n. A plant, a species of laurus. 

S WEET'-WoRT, n. A plant of a sweet taste. 

SWEET.EN (sweeftn), v. t. 1. To make sweet. 2. To 
make pleasing or grateful to the mind. 3. To make mild 
or kind. 4. To r.iake less painful. 5. To increase agree 
able qualities. 6. To soften ; to make delicate. 7. To 
make pure and salubrious by destroying noxious matter 
8. To make warm and fertile. 9. To restore to purity. 

SWEET.EN (sweeftn), v. i. To become sweet. — Bacon. 

SWEET.EN.ED, pp. or a. Made sweet, mild, or grateful. 

SWEET.EN-ER, n. He or that which sweetens ; he wh* 
palliates ; that which moderates acrimony. 

SWEET JEN-ING, ppr. Making sweet or grateful. 

SWEETjBN-ING, n. The act of making sweet ; that which 
sweetens. — Ash. 

SWEETING, n. 1. A sweet apple.— Ascham. 2. A word 
of endearment. — Shak. 

SWEETISH, a. Somewhat sweet or grateful to the taste 

SWEET'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being sweetish. 

SWEETLY, adv. In a sweet manner ; gratefully. 

SWEETMEAT, n. Fruit preserved with sugar, as peaches, 
pears, melons, nuts, orange-peel, and the like. 

SWEETNESS, n. 1. The quality of being sweet, in any of 
its senses ; as gratefulness to the taste ; or to the smell, 
fragrance ; agreeableness to the ear, melody. 2. Agreea 
bleness of manners ; softness ; mildness ; obliging civility 
3. Softness ; mildness ; amiableness. 

SWELL, v. i. ; pret. swelled ; pp. swelled. Swollen is nearly 
obsolete. [Sax. swellan ; D. zwellen ; G. schwellen ; Dan. 
svceller.] 1. To grow larger ; to enlarge ; to dilate or extend 
the exterior surface or dimensions by matter added to the 
interior part, or by expansion of the inclosed substance. 
2. To increase in size or extent by any addition. 3. To 
rise or be driven into waves or billows ; to heave. 4. lo 
be puffed up or bloated. 5. To be bloated with anger ; to 
be exasperated. 6. To be inflated; to belly. 7. To be 
turgid or bombastic ; as, swelling words. 8. To protuber- 
ate; to bulge out. 9. To be elated; to rise into arrogance. 
10. To grow more violent. 11. To grow upon the view 
to become larger. 12. To become larger in amount. ia 



See Synopsis A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD — MoVE BOOK 



SW1 



1001 



SW1 






lo become louder. 14. To strut; to look big. 15. To 
rise in altitude. 

SWELL, v. t. 1. To increase the size, bulk, or dimensions 
of; to cause to rise, dilate, expand, or increase. 2. To 
aggravate : to heighten. 3. To raise to arrogance. 4. To 
enlarge. — 5. In music, to augment, as the sound of a note. 

SWELL, n. 1. Extension of bulk. 2. Increase, as of 
sound ; or the increase and diminution of sound, crescendo 
and diminuendo, in one continued note. 3. A gradual as- 
cent or elevation of land. 4. A wave or billow ; more gen- 
erally, a succession of large waves. — 5. In an organ, a cer- 
tain number of pipes inclosed in a box, which being un- 
covered, produce a swell of sound. 

SWELLED (sweld), pp. or a. Enlarged in bulk ; inflated. 

SWELLING, ppr. 1. Growing or enlarging in its dimen- 
sions ; growing tumid ; inflating ; growing louder. 2. a. 
Tumid ; turgid ; as style or language. 

SWELLING, n. 1. A tumor, or any morbid enlargement 
of the natural size. 2. Protuberance ; prominence. 3. A 
rising or enlargement by passion. 
, SWELT, for swelled.— Spenser. 
SWELT, v. i. [Sax. sweltan ; Goth, swiitan, ga-swiltan.] 
To faint ; to swoon. 

SWELT, v. t. To overpower, as with heat ; to cause to 
faint. 

SWELTER, v. i. [from swell.] To be overcome and faint 
with heat ; to be ready to perish with heat. 

SWELTER, v. t. To oppress with heat.— Bentley. 

SWELTERED, pp. Oppressed with heat 

SWELT'ER-ING, ppr. Fainting or languishing with heat ; 
oppressing with heat 

SWELTRY, a. Suffocating with heat; oppressive with 
heat ; sultry. 

SWEPT, pret. and pp. of sweep. 

\ SWERD, for sward. 

SWERVE (swerv), v. i. [D. zwerven.] 1. To wander; to 
rove ; to stray. 2. To wander from any line prescribed, 
or from a rule of duty ; to depart from what is established 
by law, duty, or custom ; to deviate. 3. To bend ; to incline. 
4. To climb or move forward by winding or turning. 

SWERVING, ppr. Roving; wandering; deviating from 
any rule or standard ; inclining ; climbing or moving by 
winding and turning. 

SWERVING, n. The act of wandering ; deviation from 
any rule, law, duty, or standard. 

t S We'VEN, n. A dream.— Wicliffe. 

SWIFT, a. [Sax. swift.] 1. Moving a great distance or over 
a large space in a short time ; moving with celerity or 
velocity. 2. Ready ; prompt. 3. Speedy ; that comes 
without delay. — Syn. Quick ; fleet ; speedy ; nimble ; 
rapid ; expeditious. 

SWIFT, n. 1. The current of a stream ; [rare.]— 2. In do- 
mestic affairs, a reel or turning instrument for winding 
yarn. 3. A bird, a species of swallow, so called from the 
rapidity of its flight. 4. The common newt or eft, a spe- 
cies of lizard. 

SWIFT'-FOOT, a. Nimble. 

SWIFT-HEEL.ED, a. [swift and heel] Swiftfoot ; rapid ; 
quick. — Habington. 

SWIFTER, n. In a ship, a rope used to confine the bars 
of the capstan in their sockets while men are turning it ; 
also, a rope encircling a boat lengthwise, to strengthen 
and defend its sides from external injury ; also applied to 
the forward shrouds to a mast, which are not among 
those confined to the cat-harpings. — Totten. 

SWIFT'ER, v. t. To stretch, as shrouds by tackles. 

SWIFTLY, adv. Fleetly ; rapidly ; with celerity. 

SWIFTNESS, n. Rapid motion.— Syn. Speed ; quickness ; 
celerity ; velocity ; rapidity ; fleetness ; expedition. 

SWIG, v. t. or i. [Ice. swiga. Qu. suck.] To drink by large 
draughts ; to suck greedily. 

SWIG, n. 1. A large draught — Grose ; [vulgar.]— 2. In sea- 
men's language, a pulley with ropes which are not parallel. 

SWIG, v. t. [Sax. swigan.] To castrate, as a ram, by bind- 
ing the testicles tight with a string, so that they mortify 
and slough off. [Local.] 

SWILL, v. t. [Sax. swclgan, swylgan.] 1. To drink grossly 
or greedily ; as, to swill down great quantities of liquors. 
2. To wash ; to drench. 3. To inebriate ; to swell with 
fullness. 

SWILL, n. 1. Large draughts of liquor ; or drink taken in 
excessive quantities. 2. The wash or mixture of liquid 
substances given to swine ; called, in some places, swill- 
ings. 

f SWILL, v. i. To be intoxicated.— Whately. 

SWILL.ED, pp. Swallowed grossly in large quantities. 

SWILL'ER, n. One who drinks voraciously. 

SWILLING, ppr. Swallowing excessive quantities of 
liquors. 

SWILL'INGS, n. pi. Swill. 

SWIM, v. i. ; pfet. swam ; pp. swum. [Sax. swimman ; D. 
zwemmen, zwymen ; G. schwemmen, schwimmen.] 1. To 
float ; to be supported on water or other fluid ; not to sink. 



2. To move progressively in water by means of the mo 
tion of the hands and feet, or of fins. 3. To float ; to be 
borne along by a current 4. To glide along with a 
smooth motion, or with a waving motion. 5. To be dizzy 
or vertiginous ; to have a waving motion of the head, or a 
sensation of that kind, or a reeling of the body. 6. To be 
floated ; to be overflowed or drenched. 7. To overflow ; 
to abound ; to have abundance. 
SWIM, v. t. 1. To pass or move on.—Dryden. 2. To im- 
merse in water, that the lighter parts may swim. 
SWIMM, n. The bladder of fishes, by which they are said 

to be supported in water. — Grew. 
SWIM'MER, n. 1. One who swims. 2. A protuberance on 
the leg of a horse.— Far. Diet. 3. One of an order of web- 
footed birds that swim, as the duck and goose. 
SWIM'MING, ppr. or a. Floating on a fluid ; moving on a 

fluid ; overflowing ; abounding. 
SWIM'MING, n. 1. The act or art of moving on the water 
by means of the limbs ; a floating. 2. Dizziness. 

SWIM'MING-LY, adv. Smoothly; without obstruction 
with great success. [Not elegant.] 

SWIN'DLE (swin'dl), v. t. [D. zwendelen.] To cheat and de- 
fraud grossly, or with deliberate artifice. 

SWIN'DLJSD, pp. Grossly cheated and defrauded. 

SWIN'DLER, n. [G. schwindler.] A cheat ; a rogue ; one 
who defrauds grossly, or one who makes a practice of de- 
frauding others by imposition or deliberate artifice. 

SWIN'DLING, ppr. or a. Cheating ; defrauding. 

SWIN'DLING, n. The act of defrauding ; knavery. 

SWlNE, n. s. and pi. [Sax. swin ; Sw., Dan. svin ; D. zwyn 
G. schwein ; L. suinus.] A hog ; a pachydermatous quad 
ruped of the genus sus, which furnishes man with a large 
portion of his most nourishing food. Its fat or lard is much 
used. 

SWiNE'-BReAD, n. A kind of plant truffle.— Bailey. 

SWiNE'-CXSE, ) 

SWiNE'-€oAT, \n. A hog-sty; a pen for swine. [Local ' 

SWlNE'-CRtJE, ) 

SWlNE'-GRiSS, n. A plant, knot-grass. 

SWlNE'-HERD, n. [swine and herd.] A keeper of swine. 

SWlNE'-oAT, n. [swine and oat.] A kind of oats cultivated 
for the use of pigs, as in Cornwall. 

S WiNE'-PlPE, n. A species of thrush, the red-wing. 

SWiNE'-POX, n. A variety of the chicken-pox; thewatei 
pox.— Good. 

SWlNE'-SToNE, n. A variety of limestone, which, when 
struck, emits a fetid odor ; also called stink-stone. 

SWlNE'-STY, n. A sty or pen for swine. 

SWlNE'-THIS-TLE (-this!), n. A plant, the sow-thistle. 

SWlNE'S'-CRESS, n. A species of cress of the genus co- 
ronopus. 

SWING, v. i. ; pret. and pp. swung. [G. schwingen ; D. zwtn- 
gelen; Sw. svinga; Dan. svinger.] 1. To move to and 
fro, as a body suspended in the air ; to wave ; to vibrate. 
2. To practice swinging. 3. To move or float ; also, to turn 
round an anchor, as a ship. 4. To be hanged. — D. Webster 

SWING, v. t. 1. To make to play loosely ; to cause to wave 
or vibrate. 2. To whirl round in the air. 3. To wave ; 
to move to and fro. 4. To brandish ; to flourish. 

SWING, n. 1. A waving or vibratory motion ; oscillation 
2. Motion from one side to the other. 3. A line, cord, or 
other thing suspended and hanging loose ; also, an appa- 
ratus suspended for persons to swing in. 4. Influence or 
power of a body put in motion. 5. Free course ; unre- 
strained liberty or license. 6. The sweep or compass of a 
moving body. 7. Unrestrained tendency. 

SWING'-BRIDdE, n. [swing and bridge.] A bridge that 
may be moved by swinging ; used on canals. 

SWING'-PLOW, ) to. A plow without a fore-wheel un- 

SWING'-PLOUGH, J der the beam.— Gardner. 

SWING-TREE, n. The bar of a carriage to which the tra 
ces are fastened.— In America it is often or generally called 
the whiffle-tree, or whipple-tree. 

SWING'-WHEEL, n. [swing and wheel] In a time-piece, 
the wheel which drives the pendulum.— Cyc. 

SWIN6E (swinj), v. t. [Sax. swingan.] 1. To beat sound- 
ly ; to whip ; to lash ; to bastinade ; to chastise ; to punish ; 
[rare and vulgar.] 2. To move, as a lash ; [obs.] 

t SWIN6E (swinj), n. A sway ; a swing ; the sweep ot 
any thing in motion. — Waller. 

t SWlN6E'-BU€K-LER, n. A bully ; one who pretends to 
feats of arms. — Shak. 

SWIN"CEL (swing'gl), n. That part of a flail which falls 
on the grain in threshing. — Halliwell [Various dialects.] 

SWING'ER, n. One who swings ; one who hurls. 

SWINGING, ppr. or a. [from swing.] Waving ; vibrating ; 
brandishing. 

SWINGING, n. The act of swinging. 

SWINGING, ppr. of swinge. 1. Beating soundly. 2. a. 
Huge ; very large ; [vulgar.] 

SWIN6'ING-LY, adv. Vastly ; hugely. [Vulgar.] 

SWIN"GLE (swing'gl), v. i. [from swing.] 1. To dangle, 
to wave hanging. 2. To swing for pleasure ; [obs.] 



D6VE —BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS -€ as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



swo 



1002 



SYL 



SWIN"GLE (swing'gl), v. t. [Sax. swingan.] To beat; to 

clean tlax by beating it. 
SWIN"GLE (swing'gl), n. In wire-works, a wooden spoke 

fixed to the barrel that draws the wire ; also, a crank. 
S WTN"GLE-TREE, n. A whiffle-tree or whipple-tree. See 

Single-tree. 
SWIN'^L^D, pp. Beat and cleaned by a swingling-knife. 
SWIN"GLING, ppr. Beating and cleaning, as flax. 
SWIN"GLING-KNlFE, In. A wooden instrument, like a 
SWIN"GLE, j large knife, used for cleaning 

tlax of the shives. 
S YVIN"GLING-To W, n. The coarse part of flax, separated 

from the finer by swingling and hatcheling. 
SWINISH, a. [from swine.] Befitting swine ; like swine ; 

gross ; hoggish ; brutal. 
SWlN'ISH-LY, adv. In a swinish manner, 
f SWINK, v. i. [Sax. swi?ican.] To labor ; to toil ; to drudge. 
f SWINK, v. t. To overlabor.— Milton. 
f SWINK, n. Labor ; toil ; drudgery. — Spenser. 
\ SWINK'ER, n. A laborer ; a plowman. — Chaucer. 
SWlPE, n. A swape or sweep, which see. 
f SWIP'PER, a. [Sax. swipan, to move quick.] Nimble ; 

quick. 
SWISS, n. 1. A native of Switzerland or Swisserland. 2. 

The language of Switzerland. 
SWITCH, n. [Sw. svege.] 1. A small, flexible twig or rod. 

— 2. On rail-ways, a movable part of the rail, for transfer- 
ring a car from one track to another. 
SWITCH, v. t. To strike with a small twig or rod ; to beat ; 

to lash. — Chapman. 
SWITCH, v. i. To walk with a jerk. [Obsolete, or local] 
SWITCH'EL, n. A beverage made of molasses and water. 

[New England.] 
SWIVEL (swivl), n. [Sax. swifan.] 1. A ring which turns 

upon a staple ; or a strong link of iron used in mooring 

ships, and which permits the bridles to be turned round ; 

any ring or staple that turns. 2. A small cannon fixed in 

a swivel or in a socket on the top of a ship's side, stern, or 

bow, or in her tops, in such a manner as to be turned in 

any direction. 
SWIVEL (swivl), v. i. To turn on a staple, pin, or pivot. 
SWIV'-EL-HOOK, n. A hook that turns in the end of an iron 

block-strap, for the ready taking the turns out of a tackle. 
SWOB, n. A mop. See Swab. 

SWOB, v. t. To clean or wipe with a swob. See Swab. 
SWOB'BER, n. 1. One who swabs or cleans with a mop ; 

[see Swabber.] — 2. Swobbers, four privileged cards, only 

used incidentally in betting at the game of whist. 

SWoI N ' vPP' °£ swe tti irregular and obsolescent. 

f SWoM, old pret. of swim. 

SWOON, v. i. [Sax. aswunan.] To faint; to sink into a 
fainting-fit, in which there is an apparent suspension of 
the vital functions and mental powers. 

SWOON, «, A fainting-fit ; lipothymy ; syncope. — Coze. 

SWOONING, ppr. Fainting away. 

SWOONING, n. The act of fainting ; syncope.— Hall. 

SWOOP, v. t. 1. To fall on at once and seize; to catch 
while on the wing. 2. To seize ; to catch up ; to take 
with a sweep. 3. To pass with violence ; [obs.] 

SWOOP, v. i. To pass with pomp. — Drayton. 

SWOOP, n. A falling on and seizing, as of a rapacious fowl 
on Ins prey. 

SWOP, v. t. To exchange ; to barter ; to give one com- 
modity for another. [A low word.] 

SWOP, n. An exchange. — Spectator. 

* SWoUD (sword or sord), n. [Sax. sword, sweord ; G. 
schwert ; D. zwaard ; Dan. svard ; Sw. svard.] 1. An of- 
fensive weapon worn at the side, and used by hand either 
for thrusting or cutting. — 2. Figuratively, destruction by 
war. 3. Vengeance or justice. 4. Emblem of authority 
and power. 5. War ; dissension. 6. Emblem of triumph 
and protection. 

SWoRD'-BEaR-ER, n. An officer in the city of London, 
who carries the sword, as an emblem of justice, before the 
lord mayor when he goes abroad. 

• SW6RD-BELT, n. [sword and belt.] A belt by which a 

swoi d is suspended and borne by the side. 

SWoRD'-BL IDE, n. The blade or cutting part of a sword. 

SWc RD'-FTGHT, n. [sword and fight.] Fencing; a com- 
bat or trial of skill with swords. 

SWoRD'-FISH, n. [sword zm&fish.] A large sea-fish, al- 
lied to the mackerel, and having the upper jaw elongated 
so as to resemble a sword. 

SWoRD'-GRaSS, n. [sword and grass.] A kind of sedge, 
glader ; the sweet-rush, a species of acorus. — Cyc. 

SWoRD'-KNOT, n. A ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword. 

SWoRD'-LAW, n. Violence ; government by force. 

SWoRD'-MAN, n. A soldier ; a fighting man. 

SWoRD'-PLaY-ER, n. A fencer ; a gladiator ; one who 
exhibits his skill in the use of the sword. — Hakewill. 

SW5RD'-SHaP£D (-shapt), a. Ensiform : shaped like a 
sword. 



* SWoRD'ED, a. Girded with a sword.— Milton. 
f SWoRD'ER, n. A soldier ; a cut-chroat.— Shak. 

* SWoRD'LESS, a. Destitute of a sword. 
SWoRE, pret. of swear. 

SWoRN, pp. or a. from swear. 
t SWOUND, v. i. To swoon.— Shak. 
SWUM, pret. and pp. of swim. 
SWUNG, pret. and pp. of swing. 

tSH?'} ffl - t Sax -] Elated by blood. 

SYB'A-RITE, n. [from Sybaris, an ancient Italian town.{ 
person devoted to luxury and pleasure. 

SYB-A-RIT'IC, )a. [from Sybaritic, inhabitants of Syba 

SYB-A-RIT'I€-AL, j ris.] Luxurious ; wanton. 

SYG'A-MiNE. See Sycamore. 

SYG'A-MORE, n. [Gr. ovxauivos, avKo/iopo;.] A species oi 
fig-tree. The name is also, incorrectly, given to a species 
of maple, acer pseudo-plata?ms. The sycamore (falsely 
so called) or plane-tree of North America is the platanus 
occidentalis, commonly called button-wood or cotton-tree. 

SYG'A-MORE-MOTH, n. A large moth, whose larve feeds 
on the leaves of the sycamore. 

SY-CEE', n. In China, silver in the shape of small half- 
globes, bearing the stamp of the office which issues it, and 
used as a currency. — Vincent. 

SYG'lTE, n. [Gr. avKog, fig.] Fig-stone.— Cyc. [Not used.] 

SY-€o-MA, n. [Gr. ovkov.] A tumor shaped like a fig.— 
Brande. 

SY€'0-PHAN-CY, n. Originally, information of the clan 
destine exportation of figs ; hence, mean tale-bearing ; ob- 
sequious flattery ; servility. 

SY-G'O-PHANT, n. [Gr. avKocpavrn ; ovkc-s, a fig, and cpaivo), 
to discover.] Originally, an informer against those who 
stole figs, or exported them contrary to law, &c. Hence, 
in time, it came to signify a tale-bearer or informer in gen- 
eral ; hence, a parasite ; a mean flatterer ; especially a flat- 
terer of princes and great men ; hence, a deceiver ; an im- 
postor. 

SYG'0-PHANT,_ \ v. t. To play the sycophant; to flat- 

SYG'O-PHANT-lZE, J ter meanly and officiously ; to in- 
form or fell tales for gaining favor. 

SYG-O-PHANT'IG, a. Tale-bearing ; more generally, obse- 
quiously flattering ; parasitic ; courting favor by mean ad- 
ulation. 

SYG'O-PHANT-RY, n. Mean and officious tale-bearing or 
adulation. — Barrow. 

SY-€o'SIS, n. A tubercular eruption upon the scalp or 
bearded part of the face. — Brande. 

S YD-Ne'AN, \ a. Denoting a species of white earth brought 

SYD-Ne'IAN, i from Sydney Cove, in South Wales. 

SY'EN-lTE, n. [from Syene, in Egypt ] A rock composed 
of quartz, hornblende, and mica, it differs from granite 
only in containing hornblende instead of feldspar.-— Daw a. 

SyKE, n. A small brook or rill in low ground. [Local.] 

SYL-LAB'I€, )a. 1. Pertaining to a syllable or sylla- 

SYL-LAB'IG-AL, 5 bles. 2. Consisting of a syllable or syl- 
lables. 

SYL-LAB'IG-AL-LY, adv. In a syllabic manner. 

SYL-LAB-I€-A'TION, n. The act of forming syllables ; the 
act or method of dividing words into syllables. 

SYL'LA-BLE, n. [L. syllaba ; Gr. cvXXa6n.] 1. A letter, or 
a combination of letters, uttered together, or at a singla 
effort or impulse of the voice. 2. A small part of a sen- 
tence or discourse ; something very concise. 

t SYL'LA-BLE, v. t. To utter ; to articulate.— Milton. 

SYL'LA-BUB, n. A compound drink, made of wine and 
milk. 

SYL'LA-BUS, n. [L.J An abstract; a compendium con- 
taining the heads of a discourse, &c. 

SYL-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr. ovW^is.] 1. In grammar, a figure 
by which we conceive the sense of words otherwise than 
the words import, and construe them according to the in- 
tention of the author ; otherwise called substitution. 2. 
The agreement of a verb or adjective, not with the word 
next to it, but with some other word in the sentence, to 
which a preference is given. — Andrews and Stoddard. 

SYL'LO-GlSM, n. [L. syllogismus ; Gr. avWoyionoS-] A 
form of reasoning or argument, consisting of three propo- 
sitions, of which the first two are called the premises, and 
the last the conclusion. The conclusion in the syllogism 
necessarily follows from the premises. 

SYL-LO-GlS'TI€, \ a. Pertaining to a syllogism ; con- 

SYL-LO-GlSTIG-AL, 5 sisting of a syllogism, or of the 
form of reasoning by syllogisms. 

SYL-LO-GlS'TIG-AL-LY, adv. In the form of a syllogism . 
by means of syllogisms. 

SYL-LO-Gl-ZI'TION, n. A reasoning by syllogisms. 

SYL'LO-GiZE, v. i. To reason by syllogisms. 

SYL'LO-GlZ-ER, n. One who reasons by syllogisms. 

SYL'LO-GIZ-ING, ppr. Reasoning by syllogisms. 

SYLPH (silf ), n. [Fr. sylphide ; Gr. oi\<pV-] An imaginary 
being, inhabiting the wc.—Pope. 

SYLPH'-LlKE, a. Resembling a sylph. 



See Synopsis. A. E. I. &c, long.—X. E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



&*M 



1003 



SYN 



SILPHID, n. [Fr. sylpkide.] A diminutive of sylph. 

^YL'VA, 7i. [L.] 1. In poetry, a poetical piece composed in 
a start or kind of transport. 2. A collection of poetical 
pieces, of various kinds. — Cyc. 3. A work containing a 
botanical description of the forest-trees of any region or 
country. 4. The forest-trees themselves of any region or 
country. 

SYLVAN, a. See Silvan. 

SYL'VAN, n. A fabled deity of the wood ; a satyr ; a faun : 
sometimes, perhaps, a rustic. 

SYL'VAN-ITE, n. Native tellurium, a metallic substance. 

SYL'VATE, 7i. A compound of sylvic acid with a base. 

SYL'VTC ACID, n. A crystallizable substance, obtained 
from colophony or common rosin, by the action of alco- 
hol. — Cooley. — Graham. 

SYM'BAL. See Cymbal. 

SYM'BOL, n. [L. symbolum ; Gr. avu6u\ov.] 1. The sign 
or representation of any moral thing by the images or 
properties of natural things. 2. That which represents 
something else, as the elements in the Lord's Supper. 3. 
A letter or character which is significant. — 4. In medals, a 
certain mark or figure representing a being or thing ; as, 
a trident is the symbol of Neptune. — 5. Among Christians, 
an abstract or compendium ; the creed, or a summary of 
the articles of religion. — Baker. . 6. Lot ; sentence of ad- 
judication; [obs.] — Syn. Emblem; figure; type. 

SYM-BOLTG, ? a. Representative ; figurative ; exhibit- 

SYM-BOLTG-AL, ) ing or expressing by resemblance or 
signs. 

SYM-BOL1€-AL-LY, adv. By representation or resem- 
blance of properties ; by signs ; typically. 

SYM-BOL'I€S, 7i. The science of creeds. 

SYM'BOL-ISM, n. Among cliemists, consent of parts. 

SYM-BOL-I-ZI'TION, 7i. The act of symbolizing ; resem- 
blance in_properties. — Brown. 

SYM'BOL-lZE, v. i. [Fr. sijmboliser.] 1. To have a resem- 
blance of qualities or properties. 2. To agree ; to hold 
the same_faith or religious belief.— G. S. Faber. 

S YM'BOL-lZE l v. t. 1. To make to agree in properties. 2. 
To make_representative of something. — Brown. 

SYM'BOL-lZ£D. pp. Made to agree in properties. 

SYM'BOL-lZ-ING, ppr. Representing by some properties 
in common ; making to agree or resemble. 

SYM-BOL'O-dY, n. [Gr. avu6o\ov and \oyog.] The art of 
expressing by symbols. 

SYM'ME-TRAL, a. [from symmetry.] Commensurable. — 
More._ 

SYM-Me'TRI-AN, ) 7i. One eminently studious of propor- 

SYM'ME-TRIST, 5 tion or symmetry of parts. 

SYM-METRIC-AL, a. Proportional in its parts ; having its 
parts in due proportion, as to dimensions. — Symmetrical 
solids, a name given by Legendre to sobds which, though 
equal and similar, can not be brought to coincide with 
each other, or to occupy the same portion of space. A 
man's two hands afford an example of symmetrical sol- 
ids. Brande. — In botany, flowers are symmetrical when 
the segments of the calyx, the petals, and the stamens are 
regular, equal, and alike.— Lindley. 

SYM-MET'RIC-AL-LY, adv. With due proportion of parts. 

SYM-MET'RIC-AL-NESS, n. State or quality of being 
symmetrical. 

SYM'ME-TRIZE, v. t. To make proportional in its parts ; 
to reduce to symmetry. — Burke. 

SYM'ME-TRlZ^D, pp. Made proportional. 

SYM'ME-TRlZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to symmetry. 

SYM'ME-TRY. n. [Gr. avuficrpia ; Fr. symetric ; It., Sp. sim- 
ctria.] A due proportion of the several parts of a body to 
each other ; the union and conformity of the members of 
a work to the whole ; harmony. 

SYM-PA-THETIC, \a. [Fr. sympathigue.] 1. Pertain- 

SYM-PA-THETIC-AL, j ing to sympathy. 2. Having 
common feeling with another ; susceptible of being affect- 
ed by feelings like those of another, or of feelings in con- 
sequence of what another feels. — 3. In medicine, a term 
applied to symptoms and affections which occur in parts 
more or less remote from the primary seat of disease, and 
are occasioned by some nervous connection of the parts ; 
also sometimes used instead of symptomatic ; [see Symp- 
tomatic, No. 2.] — 4. Among alchemists, an epithet applied 
to a kind of powder, which was supposed capable of cur- 
ing a wound, if applied to a cloth dipped in the blood from 
the wound. — 5. In anatomy, sympathetic is appbed to that 
system of nerves which takes its origin from the semilunar 
ganglion in the center of the epigastrium, and is sent to 
the whole nutritive system, and also to the organs of re- 
production. — Sympathetic ink, see Ink. 

SYM-PA-THETIC-AL-LY, adv. With sympathy or com- 
mon feeling ; in consequence of sympathy. 

SYM'PA-THlZE, v. i. [Fr. sympathiser.] l.'To have a com- 
mon feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain. 2. To feel in 
consequence of what another feels ; to be affected by feel- 
ings similar to those of another, in consequence of knowing 
the person to be thus affected. 3. To agree ; to fit ; [obs^ 



SYM'PA-THiZ-ING, ppr. or a. Feeling mutually, or in con 
sequence of what another feels ; tender ; compassionate. 

SYM'PA-THY, n. [Gr. av^adzta.] 1. The quality of being 
affected by the affection of another, with feelings corre- 
spondent in kind, if not in degree. 2. An agreement of 
affections or inclinations, or a conformity of natural tem- 
perament, which makes two persons pleased with each 
other. — 3. In medicine, a correspondence of various parts 
of the body in similar sensations or affections ; or an affec- 
tion of the whole body, or some part of it, in consequence 
of an injury or disease of another part, or of a local affec 
tion. Cyc. — 4. In natural history, a propension of inani- 
mate things to unite, or to act on each other.— Syn. Fel- 
low-feeling ; compassion ; commiseration ; pity ; tender- 
ness ; condolence ; agreement. 

SYM-PHo'NI-OUS, a. [Irom symphony.] Agreeing in sound . 
accordant ; harmonious. — Milton. 

SYM'PHO-NIST, n. A composer of symphonies. 

SYM'PHO-NlZE, v. i. To agree with ; to be in unison with. 

SYM'PHO-NY, n. [L. symphonia ; Fr. symphonie.] 1. A con- 
sonance or harmony of sounds agreeable to the ear. 2. A 
musical instrument. 3. A musical composition for a full 
band of Instruments ; formerly synonymous with overture 
•—P. Cyc. 4. Also, a term applied to the instrumental in 
troductions, terminations, &c, of vocal compositions.— 
P. Cyc. 

SYM'PHY-SIS, n. [Gr. avixpvais.] 1. In anatomy, the union 
of bones by cartilage ; a connection of bones without a 
movable joint. — 2. In surgery, a coalescence of a natural 
passage ; also, the first intention of cure in a wound. 

SYM-Pf-E-SOM'E-TER n. [Gr. ovuttie^ and fitrpov.] Au 
instrument employed, like the barometer, for measuring 
the pressure of the atmosphere. A column of oil supplies 
the place of the mercurial column in the barometer, and 
hydrogen gas that of the Torricellian vacuum. — Olmsted. 

SYM'PLO-CE, 7i. [Gr. avuirXoKn-] In grammar, the repeti- 
tion of a word at the beginning and another at the end of 
successive clauses. 

SYM-Po'SI-A-G, a. [Gr. cvuTvoaia.] Pertaining to computa- 
tions and merry-making; happening where company is 
drinking together. 

SYM-Po'Sl-A€, 7i. A conference or conversation of philos 
ophers at a banquet. — Plutarch. 

SYM-P5'SI-XR€H, 7i. [Gr. avuitoaiov and ap%u.] In an- 
cient Greece, the master of a feast 

SYM-Po'SI-UM, n. A drinking together ; a merry feast. 

SYMPTOM, 7i. [Fr. symptome ; Gr. ovuir-uiua.] 1. Properly, 
something that happens in concurrence with another 
thing, as an attendant. — 2. In medicine, that which indi- 
cates disease. 3. That which indicates the existence of 
something else. — Syn. Mark ; note ; sign ; token ; indica- 
tion. 

SYMP-TO-MAT'IC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to symptoms , 

SYMP-TO-MAT'IC-AL, 5 happening in concurrence with 
something; indicating the existence of something else.— 

2. In medicine, a symptomatic disease is one which pro- 
ceeds from some prior disorder in some part of the body ; 
opposed to idiopathic. 3. According to symptoms. 

SYMP-TO-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. By means of symptoms ; 
in the nature of symptoms. — Wiseman. 

SYMP-TO-MA-TOL'0-<SY, n. [Gr. ovuitrwua.] The doctrine 
of symptoms ; that part of the science of medicine which 
treats of the symptoms of diseases. 

SYN-iER'E-SIS (sin-er'e-sis), n. [Gr. aw and aipeu.] In 
grammar, a figure by which two vowels, that are ordinari- 
ly separated, are drawn together into one syllable ; the 
opposite of diczresis. — Andrews and Stoddard. 

SYN-A-GOd'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to a synagogue. 

SYNA-GOGUE (syn'a-gog), n. [Fr. ; Gr. awayuyn.] 1. A 
congregation or assembly of Jews, met for the purpose of 
worship or the performance of religious rites. 2. The 
house appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews. 

3. The court of the seventy elders among the Jews, called 
the great synagogue, or sanhedrim. 

SYN-A-Le'PHA, n. [Gr. avvaXoi<pn.] In grammar, a con- 
traction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diph- 
thong at the end of a word, before another vowel or diph- 
thong. 

SYN-AL-LAG-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. aw and aWaaau.] An epi- 
thet applied, in the civil law, to a contract which imposes 
reciprocal obligations upon the parties. — Bouvier. 

SYN'XR-€HY, iC [Gr. awnpxia.] Joint rule or soverHghty. 

SYN-iR-THRo'SIS, n. [Gr. aw and apdpow.] Union of 
bones without motion; close union, as in sutures, sym- 
physis, and the like. 

SY-NAX'IS, n. [Gr.] A congregation ; also, a term former 
ly used for the Lord's Supper. 

SYN-€aRP'OUS, a. [Gr. aw and icap-ros, fruit.] In botany, 
having the carpels of a compound fruit completely united, 
as in the apple and pear. — Lindley. 

SYN-€AT-E-GO-RE-MATI€, n. [Gr. aw and Karnyopripa.] 
In logic, a word which can not be used as a term by it 
self, as an adverb or preposition. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VJ"CIOUS.— € aa K ; 6 as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SYN 



1004 



SYN 



SYN CHON-DRo'SIS, ra. [Gr. aw and %oi/<5poj.] The con- 
nection of bones by means of cartilage or gristle. 

SYN'€HRO-NAL, a. [Gr. aw and xpovos.] Happening at 
the same time ; simultaneous ; synchronous. 

SYN'€HRO-NAL, n. That which happens at the same time 
with something else, or pertains to the same time. 

SYN-€HRON'I€-AL, a. Happening at the same time ; si- 
multaneous.— Boyle. 

SYN'CHRO-NISM, n. [Gr. aw and xpovos.] 1. Concurrence 
of two or more events in time ; simultaneousness. — Hale. 

2. The tabular arrangement of history according to dates, 
cotemporary persons or things being brought together. — 
Brande. 

SYN-€HRO-NI-Za'TION, n. The concurrence of events in 
respect to time. 

SYN'CHRO-NlZE, v. i. To agree in time ; to be simultane- 
ous. — Robinson. 

SYN'CHRO-NOUS, a. Happening at the same time ; simul- 
taneous; synchronal; synchronical. — Arbuthnot. 

SYN'€HRO-NOUS-LY, adv. At the same time. 

SYN'€HY-SIS, n. [Gr. aw and %uw.] Confusion ; derange- 
ment ; confusion of words in a sentence ; derangement 
of humors in the eye. 

SYN-CLl'NAL, a. [Gr. avy>c\ivw.] Inclined downward 
from opposite directions, so as to meet in a common point 
or line ; opposed to anticlinal. — Synclinal valley, a valley 
formed by such a dip.— Dana. 

SYN'CO-PITE, v. t. 1. To contract, as a word, by taking 
one or more letters or syllables from the middle. — 2. In 
music, to prolong a note, begun on the unaccented part 
of a bar, to the accented part of the next bar ; or to end 
a note of one part in the middle of a note of another 
part. 

SYN'CO-Pa-TED, pp. or a. 1. Contracted by the loss of a 
letter from the middle of the word. 2. Inverted, as the 
measurein music. 

SYN'CO-PX-TING, ppr. Contracting by the loss of a letter 
in the middle of a word. 

SYN-€0-Pa'TION, n. 1. The contraction of a word by tak- 
ing a letter, letters, or a syllable from the middle. — 2. In 
music, an interruption of the regular measure ; an inver- 
sion of the order of notes ; a prolonging of a note, begun 
on the unaccented part of a bar, to the accented part of 
the next bar ; also, a term used when a note of one part 
at the beginning of a measure or half measure ends in the 
middle of a note of another part, and is followed by two 
or more longernotes before another occurs of equal length 
with the first note to make the number even. 

SYN'CO-PE, n. [Gr. ovyKonrj.] 1. In music, the same as 
syncopation ; the division of a note introduced when two 
or more notes of one part answer to a single note of an- 
other. — 2. In grammar, an elision or retrenchment of one 
or more letters or a syllable from the middle of a word. — 

3. In medicine, a fainting or swooning. — Cyc. 
SYN'CO-PIST, n. One who contracts words. 
SYN'CO-PlZE, v. t. To contract by the omission of a letter 

or syllable. 

SYN'CRE-TISM, n. [Gr. awxpnaiS.] Attempted union of 
principles or parties irreconcilably at variance with each 
other. — Murdoch. 

SYN'€RE-TIST, n. An appellation given to George Calix- 
tus and other Germans of the 17th century, who sought to 
mitigate the asperities of the Protestant sects toward each 
other and toward the Roman Catholics, and thus occa- 
sioned a long and violent controversy in the Lutheran 
Church. — Murdoch. 

SYN-CRE-TIST'IC, a. Pertaining to the Syncretists. 

SYN-DAC'TYL, n. [Gr. aw and oWruAo?.] Any perching 
bird which has the external and middle toes united as far 
as the second joint. — Brande. 

SYN-D A€-TyL'I€, \ a. Having the characteristics of the 

SYN-DAC'TYL-OUS, > syndactyls.— Partington. 

SYN-DES-Mo'SIS, n. [Gr. awSeaixo?.] The union of one 
bone with another by ligaments. — Brande. 

SYNDIC, n. [L. syndicus ; Gr. avv8iKoi.] 1. An officer of 
government, invested with different powers in different 
countries ; also, one chosen to transact business for oth- 
ers ; as, in France, syndics are chosen by the creditors of 
a bankrupt to manage the property. Brande. — 2. In the 
University of Cambridge, Eng., the name given to certain 
members of the Senate chosen to transact special business, 
as the regulation of fees, framing of laws, &c. — Cam. Cal- 
endar. 

SYN'DIC-ATE, n. A council or body of syndics ; a branch 
of government. 

SYN'DIC-aTE, v. t. To judge or to censure. 

SYNDRO-ME, n. [Gr. aw!)fojxr].] 1. Concurrence. Glan- 
ville. — 2. In medicine, the concourse or combination of 
svmptoms in a disease. 

6YN-E€TjO-€HE, n. [Gr. owckSoxv-] In rhetoric, a figure 
or trope by which the whole of a thing is put for a part 
or a part for the whole, as the genus for the species or the 
species for the genus, &c. — Cyc. 



SYN-E€-DO€HT€-AL, a. Expressed by synecdoche ; im- 
plying a synecdoche.— Beyle. 

SYN-EC-DOCH'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to the synec- 
dochical mode of speaking. — Pearson. 

SYN-E'€HI-A, n. [Gr. cwexw.] A disease of the eye, in 
which the iris adheres to the cornea or to the capsule of 
the crystalline lens.— Brande. 

SYN-E€-PHO-Ne'SIS, n. A contraction of two syllables 
into one. — Mason. 

SYN'E-PY, n. [Gr. awtrreia.] The interjunction of words In 
uttering the clauses of sentences. — Smart. 

SYN-ERGETTC, a. Co-operating.— Dean Tucker. 

SYN'ER-GIST, n. [Gr. awepyalouai.] In the Lutheran 
Church, one who held that divine grace required a corre- 
spondent action of the will to make it effectual. — Brande. 

SYN-ER-GIST'I€, a. [Gr. awepyaC,ouai.] Co-operating. - 
Dean Tucker. 

SYN-GE-Ne'SIA, n. [Gr. aw and yevtaiS-] In botany, a class 
of plants whose stamens are united in a cylindrical form 
by the anthers. 

SYN-GE-Ne'SIAN, \a. Pertaining to the class synge- 

SYN-GE-Ne'SIOUS, 5 nesia. 

SYN'GRAPH, n. [Gr. aw and ypa(j>d).] A writing signed by 
both parties to a contract or bond. 

SYN-I-Ze'SIS, n. [Gr.] An obliteration of the pupil of the 
eye ; a closed pupil. — Brande. 

SYN-NEU-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. aw and vevpov.] In anatomy, the 
connection of parts by means of ligaments, as in the mov- 
able joints. 

SYN'O-CHA, n. [Gr.] A simple continuous phlogistic fe- 
ver, not becoming atonic or asthenic in its course and 
progress. 

SYN'O-CHUS, n. [Gr.] A simple continuous fever, com- 
monly said to be phlogistic in its early stage, and tonic or 
asthenic in its progress. 

SYN'OU, n. [Gr. awodos-] 1. In Church history, a council or 
meeting of ecclesiastics to consult on matters of religion. 
— Among Presbyterians, an assembly consisting of several 
adjoining presbyteries. 2. A meeting, convention, or coun- 
cil. — 3. In astronomy, a conjunction of two or more plan- 
ets or stars in the same optical place of the heavens ; [not 
used.] 

SYN'OD-AL, a. Pertaining to or occasioned by a synod. — 
Fuller. 

SYN'OD-AL, n. 1. Anciently, a pecuniary rent, paid to the 
bishop or archdeacon at the time of his Easter visitation, 
by every parish priest; a procuration. 2. Constitutions 
made in provincial or diocesan synods, are sometimes 
called synodals. 

SYN-OD'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a synod ; transacted in 

SYN-OD'I€-AL, 5 a synod.— Stillingfleet. 2. Pertaining to 
the period in which two heavenly bodies pass from one 
conjunction to another. See Month. 

SYN-OD'I€-AL-LY, adv. By the authority of a synod. 

SYN-OM'O-SY, n. [Gr. owwuoaia.] Sworn brotherhood; 
a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern 
political club. — Mitford. 

SYN-ON'Y-MAL-LY, adv. Synonymously.— Spelman. 

SYN'O-NYM (sin'o-nim), n. [Gr. owuvvnoS-] A word hav- 
ing the same signification as another word, is its synonym. 

SYN-ON'Y-MA, n. pi. Words having the same signification ; 
synonyms. 

t SYN-ON'Y-MA L, a. Synonymous. 

SYN-ON'Y-MIST, n. 1. One who collects and explains syn 
onymous words. — 2. Among botanists, a person who col- 
lects the different names or synonyms of plants, and re- 
duces them to one another. 

SYN-ON'Y-MIZE, v. t. To express the same meaning in 
different words. — Camden. 

S YN-ON'Y-MlZ ED, pp. Expressed in different words. 

SYN-ON'Y-MlZ-ING, ppr. Expressing the same thing in 
different words. 

SYN-ON'Y-MOUS, a. Expressing the same thing ; convey- 
ing the same idea. 

SYN-ON'Y-MOUS-LY, adv. In a synonymous manner; in 
the same sense ; with the same meaning. 

SYN-ONT-MY, n. 1. The quality of expressing the same 
meaning by different words. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by 
which synonymous words are used to amplify a discourse. 

SYN-OP'SIS, n. [Gr. owoxpis.] A general view, or a collec- 
tion of things or parts so arranged as to exhibit the whole 
or the principal parts in a general view. 

S YN-OP'TI€, I a. Affording a general view of the whole, 

SYN-OP'TIC-AL, 3 or of the principal parts of a thing. 

SYN-OP'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to present 
a general view in a short compass. 

SYN-o'VI-A, n. In anatomy, the fluid secreted into the cav- 
ities of joints, for the purpose of lubricating them. 

SYN-o'VI-AL, a. Pertaining to synovia ; secreting a lubri- 
cating fluid. — Cyc. 

SYN-TAC'TIC, > a. 1. Pertaining to syntax, or the con- 

SYN-TAC'TIC-AL, > struction of sentences. 2. According 
to the rules of syntax or construction. 



Sec Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



S7S 



1005 



TAB 



SYNTACTIC-ALLY, adv. In conformity to syntax. 

SYNTAX. \n. [L. sijntaxis ; Gr. avvTixtys.] 1. In gram- 

SYN-TAX'IS, 3 mar, the construction of sentences ; the due 
arrangement of words in sentences, according to estab- 
lished usage. 2. Connected system or order ; union of 
tMngs; [obs.] 

SYNTE-Re'SIS, n. [Gr. aw and ryptw.] Remorse of con- 
science.—^?. Ward. 

SYN- rE-RET'I€, a. Preserving health. 

SYNTETIC, a. Wasting with consumption. 

SYN-TEX'IS, n. [Gr.] A deep consumption. 

SYN'THE-SIS, n. [Gr. awOeais.] 1. Composition, or the 
putting of two or more things together, as in compound 
medicines. — 2. In logic, composition, or that process of 
reasoning in which we advance by a regular chain from 
principles before established or assumed, and propositions 
already proved, till we arrive at the conclusion. — 3. In 
surgery, the operation by which divided parts are reunited. 
Cyc — 4. In chemistry, the uniting of elements into a com- 
pound ; the opposite of analysis. 

SYNTHETIC, > a. Pertaining to synthesis ; consisting 

3YNTHETIC-AL, $ in synthesis or composition. 

8YN-THETIC-AL-LY, adv. By synthesis ; by composition. 

SYNTHETlZE, v. t. To unite in regular structure. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

SYNTO-MY, n. [Gr. avvrouia.] Brevity; conciseness. 

SYNTONIC, a. [Gr. aw and tovos.] In music, sharp ; in- 
tense . — Rotisseau. 

SYPH'I-LIS, n. A contagious disease characterized by ul- 
cers of a peculiar character on the genitals, succeeded by 
inguinal buboes. The indications of a constitutional af- 
fection ara ulcers in the throat, copper-colored eruptions 
on the skin, pains in the bones, &c. 

SYPH-I-LITIC, a. Pertaining to syphilis. 

Sf'PHON, n. [Gr. oKpuv.] A 'tube or pipe. More correctly, 
siphon, which see. 

Sf 'REN, n. See Siren. 

SYR'I-AC, n. The language of Syria, especially the ancient 
language of that country. 

SYR'I-AC, a. Pertaining to Syria or its language. 

SYRTA-CISM, n. A Syrian idiom.— Milton. 

SYR1-AN, a. Pertaining to Syria. 

SYR'I-AN-ISM, n. A Syrian idiom.— Foley. 

SYR'I-ASM, n. The same as Syrianism. — Warburton. 

8y-RIN"GA, ti. [Gr. avpiy\, avpiyyoS-] A genus of plants, 
the lilac. 

SYRINGE (sir'inj), n. An instrument for injecting liquids 
into animal bodies, into wounds, <fec, or an instrument in 
the form of a pump, serving to draw in any fluid, and 
then to expel it with force. 

SYR'iNgE, v. t. To inject by means of a pipe or syringe ; 
to wash and cleanse by injections from a syringe. 

SYR'ING.ED, pp. Injected by means of pipe or syringe. 

Sy-RIN"GO-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. avpiyl a pipe or tube, and 
ievdpov, tree.] A fossil plant ; applied to many species of 
sigillaria, from the parallel pipe-shaped flutings that ex- 
tend from the top to the bottom of their trunks.— Buck- 
land. 

SYR-IN-GOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. avpiyl and reuvo}.] The opera- 
tion for cutting for the fistula. — Cyc. 

SYR'MA (sur-), n. [Gr.] A long dress reaching to the floor, 
worn by tragic actors. 

SYRT (surt), n. [L. syrtis.] A bog ; a quick-sand.— Young. 

SYR'TIS (sur-), n. [L.] A quick-sand.— Milton. [Not Eng.] 

SYRTJP. See Sirup. 

SYS-SaR-€o'S1S, n. [Gr.] The junction of bones by inter- 
vening muscles. — Brande. 

SYS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avaraais.] The consistence of a thing ; 
constitution. — Burke. [Little used.] 

SYSTEM, n. f Fr. systeme ; L. systema ; Gr. avarnna.] 1. An 
assemblage of things adjusted into a regular whole ; or a 
whole plan or scheme consisting of many parts connected 
in such a manner as to create a chain of mutual dependen- 
cies ; as, a system of theology : the Copernican and Ptol- 
emaic systems of astronomy. 2. Regular method or order. 
— 3. In music, an interval compounded or supposed to be 
compounded of several lesser intervals, as an octave, &c. 
— Solar system, see Solar. 

SYS'TEM-MIK-ER, n. One who forms a system. 

SYS'TEM-M6N"GER (-mung-ger), n. One given to the 
forming of systems.— Chesterfield. 

SYSTEM-AT'IC, ? a. 1. Pertaining to system ; consist- 

SYSTEM-AT'IC-AL, 5 ing in system ; methodical. 2. Pro- 
ceeding according to system or regular method. 

SYS-TEM-AT'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the form of a system ; 
methodically. — Boy '■» 

SYSTEM-A-TIST, n. Kjae who forms a system, or reduces 
to system. 

* SYSTEM- A-TlZE, \ v. t. [Systemize would be preferable, 

SYS'TEM-lZE, 5 as it is the more simple form.] To 

reduce to a system or regular method. 

IyItEM-IZ^D^ ' ]&■ deduced to system or method. 



SYSTEM- A-TlZ-ER, ) n. One who reduces things to sys- 

SYSTEM-IZ-ER, ] tern. 

SYSTEM-A-TiZ-ING, \ppr. Reducing to system or due 

SYSTEM-iZ-ING, \ method. 

SYSTEM-I-Z ITION, n. The act or operation of systemiz- 
ing ; the reduction of things to system or regular method. 

SYSTO-LE, n. [Gr. avaroXv.] 1. In grammar, the shorten- 
ing of a long syllable. — 2. In anatomy, the contraction of 
the heart and arteries for expelling tre blood and carry 
ing on the circulation. See Diastole. 

SYS-TOL'IC, a. Pertaining to systole or contraction. 

SYSTYLE, n. [Gr. aw and orvXos.] In architecture, the 
manner of placing columns, where the space between thf* 
two shafts consists of two diameters or four modules. 

SYTHE, n. See Scythe. 

SYZ'Y-GY, n. [Gr! avZ,vyia.] The period of new or full 
moon, when the sun, moon, and earth are in one line. 



Tis the twentieth letter of the English alphabet, ana a 
close consonant. It represents a close joining of the 
end of the tongue to the root of the upper teeth, as may 
be perceived by the syllables at, et, at, v.i. in attempting to 
pronounce which, the voice is completely intercepted. It 
is therefore numbered among the mutes, or close arricu 
lations, and it differs from d chiefly in its closeness. The 
letters ti, before a vowel, and unaccented, usually pass into 
the sound of sh, as in nation, motion, partial. In this case, 
t loses entirely its proper sound. In a few words, the com- 
bination ti has the sound of the English ch, as in Christian, 
question. 

T., as an abbreviation, stands for theologia ; as, S. T. D., sane 
tee theologia doctor, doctor of divinity. 

As a numeral, T, among the Latins, stood for 160 ; and, with 
a dash over the top r T, for 160,000. 

TAB, n. 1. The latchet of a shoe fastened with a string or 
otherwise. — Forby ; [local.] 2. The end of a lace ; a tag. 
— Forby. 3. A cup ; [local.] 

TAB'ARD, n. [W. tabar ; It. tabarra.] A sort of tunic oi 
mantle formerly worn, covering the body before and be- 
hind, and reaching below the loins, but open at the sides., 
from the shoulders downward ; a herald's coat. — Brande 

TAB'ARD-ER, n. One who bears a tabard. 

TAB'A-RET, r_. A stout, satin-striped silk, used for furniture. 

TAB-A-SHEER', n. A Persian word signifying a concretion 
found in the joints of the bamboo. It consists of pure silica 

TAB'BIED (tabliid), pp. or a. Watered ; made wavy. 

TAB'BI-NET, n. A more delicate kind of tabby. 

TAB'BY, a. Brinded ; brindled ; diversified in color. 

TAB'BY, n. [Fr. tabis ; It, Sp., Port, tabi ; Dan. tabin.] 1 
A kind of waved silk, usually watered ; a coarse sort of tai 
feta. 2. A mixture of lime with shells, gravel, or stones, i? 
equal proportions, with an equal proportion of water, form- 
ing a mass which, when dry, becomes as hard as rock. 

TAB'BY, v. t. To water or cause to look wavy. — Cyc. 

TAB'BY-ING, n. The passing of stufls under a calender, t> 
give them a wavy appearance. 

TAB-E-FACTION, n. [L. tabeo and facio.] A wasting away, 
a gradual losing of flesh by disease. 

TAB'E-FY, v. i. [Heb.] To consume ; to waste gradually -, 
to lose flesh.— Harvey. [Little used.] 

TA-BELL'ION (-bel'yun), n. A secretary or notary ruder 
the Roman Empire, or in France during the old monar- 
chy. — Brande. 

TAB'ERD, n. See Tabard. 

TAB'ER.NA-€LE, n. [L. tabemaculum.] 1. A tent.— Num.. 
xxiv. 2. A temporary habitation. — 3. Among the Jews, a 
movable building, so contrived as to be taken to pieces 
with ease and reconstructed, for the convenience of being 
carried during the wanderings of the Israelites in the wil- 
derness. 4. A place of worship ; a sacred place. 5. Our 
natural body. — 2 Cor., v. 6. God's gracious presence, or 
the tokens of it. — Rev., xxi. 7. An ornamented erection or 
representation of an edifice placed on the E.omnn Catho- 
lic altars as a receptacle of the consecrated vessels. 

TAB'ER-NA-€LE, v. i. To dwell ; to reside for n time ; to 
be housed. 

TAB-ER-NACF-LAR, a. Latticed.— Warton. 

Ta'BeS, n. [L.] A dysfhetic or cachectic disease, charac- 
terized by a gradually progressive emaciation of the whole 
body, accompanied with languor, depressed sphits, and, for 
the most part, imperfect or obscure hectic, without any lo 
cal affection of any of the viscera of the head, chest, or belly. 

TA-BETIC, a. Tabid ; affected with tabes. 

TABID, a. [Fr. tabide ; L. tabidus.] Wasted by diaease.— 
Arbuthnot. 

TAB'ID-NESS, n. State of being wasted by disease. 

TAB'I-TUDE, n. [L. tabitudo.] The state of one affected by 
tabes. 

TAB'LA-TtTRE, n 1. Painting on walls and ceilings; 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.-€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



TAB 



1006 



TAC 



single piece, comprehended in one view, and formed ac- 
cording to one design. — 2. In music, the expression of 
Bounds or notes of composition by letters of the alphabet 
or ciphers, or other characters, now unusual. More strictly, 
a mode of writing music for a particular instrument by 
means of certain letters placed on parallel lines, each of 
the lines representing a string of the instrument. Brande. 
— 3. In anatomy, a division or parting of the skull into two 
tables. 
Ta'BLE, to. [Fr. ; L. tabula ; It. tavola ; Sp. tabla.] 1. A flat 
surface of some extent, or a thing that has a flat surface. 

2. An article of furniture used for a great variety of pur- 
poses, as for holding dishes of meat, for writing on, &c. 

3. Fare or entertainment of provisions. 4. The persons 
sitting at table or partaking of entertainment. 5. A tablet; 
a surface on which any thing is written or traced. 6. A 
picture, or something that exhibits a view of any thing 
on a flat surface. — 7. Among Christians, the table, or Lord's 
Table, is the sacrament, or holy communion of the Lord's 
Supper. 8. The altar of burnt-offering. Mai., i. — 9. In 
architecture, a smooth, simple member or ornament, of 
various forms, most usually in that of a long square. — 10. 
In perspective, a plain surface, supposed to be transparent 
and perpendicular to the horizon. — 11. In anatomy, a di- 
vision of the cranium or skull. — 12. In the glass manufac- 
ture, a circular sheet of finished glass. — 13. In literature, an 
index ; a collection of heads or principal matters contain- 
ed in a book, with references to the pages where each may 
be found. 14. A synopsis ; many particulars brought into 
one view. 15. The palm of the hand. 16. Draughts ; small 
pieces of wood shifted on squares. — 17. In mathematics, ta- 
bles are systems of numbers calculated to be ready for ex- 
pediting operations. — 18. Astronomical tables are computa- 
tions of the motions, places, and other phenomena of the 

{flanets, both primary and secondary. — 19. In chemistry, a 
ist or catalogue of substances or their properties. — 20. In 
general, any series of numbers, names, &c, arranged ac- 
cording to some system. 21. A division of the ten com- 
mandments ; as, the first and second tables. — 22. Among 
jewelers, a table diamond, or other precious stone, is one 
whose upper surface is quite flat, and the sides only cut in 
angles. 23. A list or catalogue. — Round table. See Round 
table. — Twelve Tables, the laws of the Romans, so called, 
probably, because engraved on so many tables. — To turn 
the tables, to change the condition or fortune of contending 
parties ; a metaphorical expression, taken from the vicis- 
situdes of fortune in gaming. — Dryden. See, also, Tables. 

Ta'BLE, v. i. To board ; to diet or live at the table of an- 
other.— South. 

Ta'BLE, v. t. 1. To form into a table or catalogue. 2. To 
board ; to supply with food. 3. To let one piece of tim- 
ber into another, by alternate scores or projections from 
the middle. — 4. In the Presbyterian Church, to enter upon 
the docket ; as, to table charges against some one. 

Ta'BLE-BED, n. A bed in the form of a table. 

Ta'BLE-BEER n. Beer for the table ; small beer. 

Ta'BLE-BELL, n. A small bell used for calling servants. 

Ta'BLE-BOOK, n. [table and book.] A book on which any 
thing is traced or written without ink ; tablets. 

TI'BLE-CLOTH, n. A cloth for covering a table, particu- 
larly at meals. 

Ta'BLE-LAND, to. Elevated, flat land. 

Ta'BLE-MAN, n. A man at draughts ; a piece of wood. 

TI'BLE-SPXR, n. The same as tabular spar. See Tabular. 

Ta'BLE-TALK (-tawk), n. Conversation attable or atmeals. 

TABLEAU (tablo), to. [Fr.] A picture; a striking and 
vivid representation. 

TABLEAUX V'tVANTS (tabid ve'vang), n. [Fr.] Living 
pictures ; an amusement in which groups of persons, in 
proper dresses, in a darkened room, represent some in- 
teresting scene, usually one described by authors. 

TTBL.ED, pp. Formed into a table. 

TA'BLE D'HOTE (taTfl dot), n. [Fr.] A common table 
for guests at a French hotel ; an ordinary. 

TI'BLER, n. One who boards. — Ainsworth. 

Ta'BLES, n. pi. An old game resembling back-gammon. 

TAB'LET, n. 1. A small table or flat surface. 2. Some- 
thing flat, on which to write, paint, draw, or engrave. 3. 
A medicine in a square form. 

Ta'BLING, ppr. Boarding ; forming into a table ; letting 
one timber into another by scores. 

Ta'BLING, n. 1. A forming into tables ; a setting down in 
order. 2. The letting of one timber into another by al- 
ternate scores or projections, as in ship-building. — 3. In 
sail-making, a broad hem made on the skirts of sails, by 
turning over the edge of the canvas and sewing it down. 

TA-BOO', n. In the isles of the Pacific, a word denoting 
prohibition or religious interdict, which is of great force 
among the inhabitants. 

TA-BOO', v. t. To forbid, or to forbid the use of; to inter- 
dict approach or use. 

TI'BOR, n. [W tabwrz ; Ir. tabar ; Old Fr. tabour.\ A small 
drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or file. 



TI'BOR, v. i. 1. To strike lightly and frequently 2. To 
play on a tabor or little drum. 

TI'BOR-ER, to. One who beats the tabor.— Shak. 

TAB'O-RET, n. [from tabor.) A small tabor. — Spectator. 

TAB'O-Rl'NE, ) n. [Fr. tabourin.) A tabor ; a small shallow 

TAB'O-RIN, 5 drum.— Shak. 

Ta'BOR-iTE, n. A name given to certain Bohemian re- 
formers who suffered persecution in the fifteenth century, 
named from Tabor, a hill or fortress where they encamped 
during a part of their struggles. — Brande. 

TAB'oU-RET, n. [Fr.] A convex seat without arms or back, 
made of gilt wood, cushioned and stuffed, covered with 
silk cloth, and ornamented with silk lace, fringe, tassels, &c. 

t TAB'RERE, n. A taborer.— Spenser. 

TAB'RET, to. A tabor.— 1 Sam., xviii. 

TAB'tJ-LAR, a. [L. tabularis.) 1. In the form of a table , 
having a flat or square surface. 2. Having the form of 
laminae or plates. 3. Set down in tables. 4. Set in squares. 
— Tabular spar, a mineral, usually white or bluish-white, 
consisting of silica and lime, and occurring in rather brit- 
tle laminated masses, the surface of the lamina? having a 
fibrous and pearly appearance. — Dana. 

TAB'U-LITE, v. t. 1. To reduce to tables or synopses. 2. 
To shape with a flat surface. — Johnson. 

TAB'U-L I-TED, pp. or a. Having a flat or square flat surface. 

TAC-A-MA-HI'CA, > n. 1. A South American tree, idea tac- 

TAC'A-MA-HAC, J amahaca ; also, a tree of Madagascar 
and the Isle of Bourbon, calophyllum tacamahaca ; and, ac- 
cording to the younger Michaux, a North American tree, 
populus balsamifera. 2. A resin said to be the produce of 
calophyllum tacamahaca ; also, a resin said to be obtained 
from elaphrium tomentosum, or f agar a octandra, a tree of 
Curacoa and the neighboring islands. 

TI'CE, [from L. taceo.) A term used in Italian music, di- 
recting to be silent. 

Ta'CET [Li], in music, is used when a vocal or instrumental 
part is to be silent during a whole movement. — Cyc. 

t TACH, ) n. Something used for taking hold or holding ; 

t TaCHE, 3 a catch ; a loop ; a button. 

TA-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ra%oi and nzrpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the velocity of machines by means of 
the depression occasioned in a column of fluid by the cen- 
trifugal force, which causes the fluid in the cistern (with 
which the graduated column is connected) to sink in the 
center more and more with every increase of velocity. 
Olmsted. 

TACH-Y-DRo'MI-AN, n. [Gr. raxvS and dpopos , swift course.] 
One of a family of wading birds, allied to the plovers ; also, 
one of a tribe of saurian reptiles. — Brande. 

TACH-Y-GRAPH'IC, \a. Written in short-hand.— Glid- 

TACH-Y-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 don. 

t TA-€HYG'RA-PHY, to. [Gr. T a%vi and yp a <pu.] The art 
or practice of quick writing ; stenography ; short-hand. 

TACIT, a. [Fr. tacite ; L. tacitus.] Silent ; implied, but not 
expressed. — Tacit consent is consent by silence, or not in- 
terposing an objection. 

TAC'IT-LY, adv. Silently ; by implication ; without words 

TAC'I-TURN, a. [L. taciturnus.] Habitually silent ; not free 
to converse ; not apt to talk or speak. — Smollett. 

TAC-I-TURN'I-TY, n. [Fr. taciturnite ; L. taciturnitas.] Ha- 
bitual silence or reserve in speaking. — Arbuthnot. 

TAC'I-TURN-LY, adv. Silently ; without conversation. 

TACK, v. t. [Gr. raaaut ; Fr. attacher ; It. attaccare ; Sp. ata- 
car.] 1. To fasten ; to attach. 2. To unite by stitching 
together. 3. To fasten slightly by nails. 

tTICHE \ n - [ Fr - tache -] A spot. 

TACK, to. [Ir. taca ; Arm. tach.] 1. A small nail. 2. A rope 
used to confine the foremost lower corners of the courses 
and stay-sails, or the outer lower corners of studding sails. 

3. The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened. 

4. The course of a ship in regard to the position of her 
sails. — To hold tack, to last or hold out. — Tusser. 

TA€K, v. i. To change the course of a ship by shifting the 
tacks and position of the sails from one side to the other. 
— Mar. Diet. 

TA€K, to. In rural economy, a shelf on which cheese is dried 
[Local.] — Tack of land, the term of a lease. [Local.] 

TACK'ER, to. One who tacks or makes an addition. 

TACK'ET, to. A small nail.— Barret. 

TA€K'ING, ppr. 1. Changing a ship's course— 2. In law, a 
union of securities given at different times, all of which 
must be redeemed before an intermediate purchaser can 
interpose his claim.— Bouvier. 

TACK'LE (takl), to. [D. takel; G. takel, lakeln; Sw. tackd, 
tackla ; Dan. takkel. takler.] 1. A machine for raising or 
lowering heavy weights, consisting of a rope and blocks, 
called a pulley. 2. Instruments of action ; weapons. 3. 
An arrow. 4. The rigging and apparatus of a ship. 

TACK'LE (takl), v. t. 1. To harness ; as, to tackle a horse 
into a gig ; [a common use of the word in America.] 3- To 
seize ; to lay hold of ; [New England.) 3. To supply with 
tackle. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.—X, £, 1 , &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— Mo VE BOOK, 



TA1 



l007 



TAK 



TACK'LED (taMd), pp. or a. 1. Harnessed ; seized. 2. 
Made of ropes tacked together. — Shalt. 

TA€K'LING, ppr. Harnessing ; putting on harness ; seiz- 
ing ; falling on. 

TACK'LING, n. 1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a 
ship, as cordage, sails, &c. 2. Instruments of action. 3. 
Harness ; the instruments of drawing a carriage ; [^47».] 

TACKS'MAN, n. One who holds a tack or lease of land 
from another ; a tenant or lessee. [Local] 

TA€T, n. [L. tactus; Fr. tact; It. tatto ; Sp. tacto.] 1. Touch; 
feeling; formerly, the stroke in beating time in music. [Dan. 
tagt.] 2. Peculiar skill or faculty ; nice perception or dis- 
cernment. — Am. Review. 

TACTIC, ? a. Pertaining to the art of military and na- 

TA€TI€-AL, J val dispositions for battle, evolutions, &c. 
See Tactics. 

TAC-Ti'TIAN (tak-tish'an), n. One versed in tactics. 

TACTICS, n. pi. [Gr. tuktikos ; Fr. tactique.) 1. The sci- 
ence and art of disposing military and naval forces in or- 
der for battle, and performing military and naval evolu- 
tions. 2. The art of inventing and making machines for 
throwing darts, arrows, stones, and other missile weapons. 

TACTILE, a. [Fr. tactile ; L. tactilis.] Tangible ; suscepti- 
ble of touch ; that may be felt. — Hale. 

TA€-T1L'I-TY, n. Tangibleness ; perceptibility of touch. 

TACTION (tak'shun), n. [Fr. ; L. tactio.] The act of touch- 
ing; touch. 

TACTLESS, a. Destitute of tact.— Ec. Rev. 

TACT'U-AL, a. Pertaining to touch; consisting in or de- 
rived from touch. — Chalmers. 

TA-DOR'NA, 7i. [Sp. tadorno.] The sheldrake. 

TAD'PoLE, n. [Sax. tade, with pola.] A frog in its first 
state from the spawn ; a porwigle. 

TvE'DI-UM, n. [L.] Tedium, which see.—Tadium vita, 
weariness of life ; a mental disorder. 

TaEL (tale), n. In China, a denomination of money worth 
nearly seven shillings sterling, or about a dollar and a half; 
also, a weight of one ounce and a third. — M'Culloch. 

TI'EN (tane). The poetical contraction of taken. 

TAF'EL-SPATH, n. [G.] Tabular spar, which see. 

TAF'FER-EL, \ n. [D. taffereel] The upper part of a ship's 

TAFF'RAIL, J stern, which is flat like a table en the top, 
and sometimes ornamented with carved work. — Cyc. 

TAF'FE-TA, \n. [Fr. tafetas, taffetas; It. taffetta.] A fine, 

TAF'FE-TY, > smooth stuff of silk, having usually a re- 
markable wavy lustre, imparted by pressure and heat 
with the application of an acidulous fluid, to produce the 
effect called watering. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

TAF'I-A, n. [Fr.] A variety of rum.— Ure. 

TAG, n. [Sw. tagg; Ice. tag ; Dan. tagger, takker.] 1. A 
metallic point put to the end of a string. 2. Something 
mean and paltry ; the rabble ; as, "tag-rag people ;" "be- 
fore the tag return."— Shak. ; [vulgar.) 3. A young sheep 
of the first year. — Halliwell ; [local.] 

TAG, v. t. 1. To fit with a point ; as, to tag lace. 2. To fit 
one thing to another ; to append to. 3. To join or fasten. 
Swift. — To tag after one, to follow closely, as it were an 
appendage. — Eorby. 

TAG, n. A play in which the person gains who tags, that is, 
touches another. 

TAG'-RAG, n. or a. A term applied to the lowest class of 
people. — Shak. [Low.] 

TAG'-SoRE, n. A disease under the tail of a sheep. — Cyc. 

TAG'-TaIL, n. [tag and tail.] A worm which has its tail 
of another color. Walton. 

TAGGED, pp. Fitted with a point ; appended to. 

TAG'GING, ppr. Fitting with a point; fitting one thing to 
another. 

TAGL'IA (tal'ya), n. [It.] In mechanics, a particular combi- 
nation of pulleys. — Brande. 

TAGL-IA-C5TIAN (tal-ya-ko'shan), a. [from Tagliacozzi, a 
Venetian surgeon.] Rhinoplastic ; applied to the surgical 
operation for restoring the nose. 

Ta.IL, n. [Sax. tcegl ; Ice. tagl.] 1. The part of an animal 
which terminates its body behind, hanging loose from the 
extremity of the vertebrae. 2. The lower part, noting in- 
feriority. 3. Any thing hanging long; a catkin. 4. The 
hinder part of any thing.— 5. In anatomy, that tendon of a 
muscle which is fixed to the movable part. — 6. In botany, 
the tail of a seed is a downy or feathery appendage to cer- 
tain seeds, formed of the permanent elongated style. Cyc. — 
7. Horse s tail, among the Tartars and Chinese, is an ensign 
or flag; among the Turks, a standard borne before the 
grand vizier, bashaws, and the sangiacs. — 8. In heraldry, 
the tail of a hart. — 9. In music, the part of a note running 
upward or downward. 10. The extremity or last end.— 
Tail of a comet, a luminous train extending from the nu- 
cleus or body, often to a great distance, and usually in a 
direction opposite to the sun. — Olmsted. 
Ta.IL, n. [Fr. tailler ; Sp. tallar ; It. tagliare.] In law, an 
estate in tail is a limited fee ; an estate limited to certain 
heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded. 
TIIL, v. t. To pull by the tail. Hudibras. — To tail in, in 



architecture, to fasten by one of the ends into a wall, as 
timber. — Brande. 

TIIL'-PIeCE, n. 1. A piece at the end, as of a series of en 
gravings. — 2. In a violin, a piece of ebony at the end of th. 
instrument, to which the strings are fastened. — Cyc. 

TaIL'-RaCE, n. The stream of water which runs from the 
mill after it has served to turn the wheel. 

t TaIL'AgE, ) n. [Fr. tailler.) Literally, a share ; hence, 

t TAL'LI-AgE, j a tax or toll.— Blackstone. 

TAILED (tald), a. Having a tail.— Grew. 

TaIL'INGS, n. pi. The lighter parts of grain blown to one 
end of the heap in winnowing. [Local.] 

TaILLE (tale), n. The fee which is opposite to fee-simple, 
because it is so minced or pared that it is not in his free 
power to be disposed of who owns it; but it is, by the first 
giver, cut or divided from all other, and tied to the issue 
of the donee. — Cowel. 

TaIL'LESS, a. Having no tail. — Lawrence. 

TAI'LOR, n. [Fr. tailleur.) One whose occupation is to cut 
out and make men's garments. 

TaI'LOR, v. i. To practice making men's clothes — Green. 

TaI'LOR-ESS, n. A female who makes garments for men. 

TaFLOR-ING, n. The business of a tailor. 

TaIL'ZiE, n. In Scottish law, an entailment or deed where- 
by the legal course of succession is cut off" and an arbitrary 
one substituted. — Brande. 

TaINT (tant), v. t. [Fr. teindre; L. tingo.] 1. To imbue or 
impregnate, as with some extraneous matter which alters 
the sensible qualities of the substance. — 2. More generally, 
to impregnate with something odious, noxious, or poison- 
ous. 3. To fill with infection. 4. To corrupt, as by in- 
cipient putrefaction. 5. To stain ; to sully ; to tamish ; 
as, to taint one's honor. 6. To corrupt, as blood ; to at- 
taint ; [obs.] See Attaint. — Syn. Contaminate ; defile •, 
pollute; corrupt; infect; disease; vitiate; poison. 

TaINT, v. i. 1. To be infected or corrupted ; to be toucheo 
with something corrupting. 2. To be affected with incip 
ient putrefaction. 

TaINT, n. 1. Tincture ; stain. 2. Infection ; corruption 
depravation. 3. A stain ; a spot ; a blemish on reputa 
tion. 4. An insect ; a kind of spider. 

TAINT'-FREE, a. Free from taint or guilt. 

TaINT'ED, pp. or a. Impregnated with something noxious 
disagreeable to the senses, or poisonous ; infected. 

TAINTING, ppr. Impregnating with something foul or poi 
sonous; infecting; corrupting; staining. 

TAINT'LESS, a. Free from taint or infection ; pure. — Swift 

TAINTLESS-LY, adv. Without taint. 

TAINTURE, n. [L. tinctura.] Taint; tinge; defilement 
stain ; spot. — Shak. [Not much used.] 

TA TA«^9TT \ n ' ^e peccary, or Mexican hog. 

TaKE, v. t. ; pret. took ; pp. taken. [Sax. tcecan, thicgan , 
Sw. taga ; Dan. tager ; Ice. taka.) 1. In a general sense 
to get hold or gain possession of a thing in almost any 
manner, either by receiving it when offered, or by using 
exertion to obtain it. — Take differs from seize, as it does 
not always imply haste, force, or violence. 2. To receive 
what is offered. 3. To lay hold of; to get into one's pow- 
er for keeping. 4. To receive with a certain affection oi 
mind. 5. To catch by surprise or artifice ; to circumvent 
6. To seize ; to make prisoner. 7. To captivate with pleas- 
ure ; to engage the affections ; to delight. 8. To get into 
one's power by engines or nets ; to entrap ; to insnare. 9. 
To understand in a particular sense ; to receive as mean 
ing. 10. To exact and receive. 11. To employ ; to occu- 
py. 12. To agree to ; to close in with ; to comply with 
13. To form and adopt. 14. To catch ; to embrace ; tc 
seize. 15. To admit; to receive as an impression ; to suf 
fer. 16. To obtain by active exertion. 17. To receive , 
to receive into the mind. 18. To swallow, as meat os 
drink. 19. To swallow, as medicine. 20. To choose ; tt 
elect. 21. To copy. 22. To fasten on ; to seize. 23. T< 
accept ; not to refuse. 24. To adopt. 25. To admit. 26 
To receive, as any temper or disposition of mind. 27. T« 
endure ; to bear without resentment 28. To draw ; t* 
deduce. 29. To assume. 30. To allow ; to admit ; to re 
ceive as true, or not disputed. 31. To suppose ; to re 
ceive in thought ; to entertain in opinion ; to understand 
32. To seize ; to invade. 33. To have recourse to. 34 
To receive into the mind. 35. To hire ; to rent ; to ob 
tain possession on lease. 36. To admit in copulation 
37. To draw ; to copy ; to paint a likeness. 38. To con 
quer and cause to surrender ; to gain possession of by 
force or capitulation. 39. To be discovered or detected 
40. To require or be necessary. 

To take away. 1. To deprive of ; to bereave. 2. To remove. 
— To take care. 1. To be careful ; to be solicitous for. 2. 
To be cautious or vigilant. — To take care of, to superintend 
or oversee ; to have the charge of keeping or securing.- 
To take a course, to resort to ; to have recourse to meas- 
ures. — To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure ; tt 
pursue the measures of one's own choice. — To take down 



BoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



TAL 



]008 



TAL 



1. To reduce ; to bring lower ; tc depress. 2. To swallow. 
3. To pull down ; to pull to pieces. 4. To write. — To take 
from. 1. To deprive of. 2. To deduct ; to subtract ; to 
abstract. 3. To detract ; to derogate. — To take heed, to be 
careful or cautious. — To take heed to, to attend to with care. 
— To take hold, to seize ; to fix on. — To take in. 1. To in- 
close ; to fence. 2. To encompass or embrace ; to com- 
prise ; to comprehend. 3. To draw into a smaller com- 
pass ; to contract ; to brail or furl. 4. To cheat ; to cir- 
cumvent ; to gull ; to deceive. 5. To admit ; to receive. 
6. To win by conquest ; [obs.] 7. To receive into the 
mind or understanding. — To take in hand, to undertake ; 
to attempt to execute any thing. — To take notice. 1. To 
observe ; or to observe with particular attention. 2. To 
show by some act that observation is made ; to make re- 
mark upon. — To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in 
a judicial manner. — To take off. 1. To remove, in various 
ways ; to remove from the top of any thing. 2. To cut 
off. 3. To destroy. 4. To remove ; to invalidate. 5. To 
withdraw; to call or draw away. 6. To swallow. 7. To 
purchase ; to take from in trade. 8. To copy. 9. To im- 
itate ; to mimic. 10. To find place for. — To take off from, 
to lessen ; to remove in part. — To take order with, to check. 
— To take out. 1. To remove from within a place ; to sep- 
arate ; to deduct ; to extract. 2. To draw out ; to remove ; 
to clear or cleanse from. — To take part, to share. — To take 
part with, to unite with ; to join with. — To take place. 1. 
To happen ; to come, or come to pass. 2. To have effect ; 
to prevail. — To take effect, to have the intended effect ; to 
be efficacious. — To take root. 1. To live and grow, as a 
plant. 2. To be established, as principles. — To take up. 

1. To lift ; to raise. 2. To buy or borrow. 3. To begin. 
—4. In surgery, to fasten with a ligature. 5. To engross ; 
to employ ; to engage the attention. 6. To have final re- 
course to. 7. To seize ; to catch ; to arrest. 8. To admit. 
9. To answer by reproof ; to reprimand. 10. To begin 
where another left off. 11. To occupy ; to fill. 12. To 
assume ; to cany en or manage for another. 13. To com- 
prise ; to include. 14. To adopt ; to assume. 15. To col- 
lect ; to exact a tax. 16. To pay and receive. — To take up 
arms, or to take arms, to begin war; to begin resistance 
by force. — To take up the gauntlet ; see Gauntlet. — To 
take the field, in military language, to encamp ; to com- 
mence the operations of a campaign. Campbell's Military 
Diet. — To take upon. 1. To assume; to undertake. 2. To 
appropriate to ; to admit to be imputed to. — To take side, 
to join one of two differing parties. — To take to heart, to be 
sensibly affected by. — To take advantage of, to catch by 
surprise ; or to make use of a favorable state of things to 
the prejudice of another. — To take the advantage of, to use 
any advantage offered. — To take air, to be divulged or made 
public ; to be disclosed, as a secret. — To take the air, to ex- 
pose one's self to the open air. — To take a course, to begin 
a certain direction or way of proceeding.— To lake leave, 
to bid adieu or farewell. — To take breath, to rest; to be 
recruited or refreshed. — To take aim, to direct the eye or 
a weapon to a particular object. — To take along, to carry, 
lead, or convey. — To take a way, to begin a particular course 
or direction. 

TIKE, v. i. 1. To move or direct the course ; to resort to, 
or to attach one's self; to betake one's self 2. To please ; 
to gain reception.— Addison. 3. To have the intended or 
natural effect. 4. To catch ; to fix or be fixed. 

To take after. 1. To learn to follow ; to copy ; to imitate. 

2. To resemble. — To take in with, to resort to. — To take 
for, to mistake ; to suppose or think one thing to be an- 
other. — To take on. 1. To be violently affected. 2. To 
claim, as a character. — To take to. 1. To apply to ; to be 
fond of. 2. To resort to ; to betake to. — To take up. 1. 
To stop ; [obs.] 2. To reform ; [obs.] — To take up with. 
1. To be contented to receive ; to receive without opposi- 
tion. 2. To lodge ; to dwell ; [obs.] — To take with, to 
please. 

1 A.K/.EN (tak'n), pp. of take. Received; caught; apprehend- 
ed ; captivated, &c. 

TiK'ER, n. 1. One who takes or receives ; one who catches 
or apprehends. 2. One who subdues and causes to sur- 
render. 

TaKTNG, ppr. 1. Receiving ; catching ; getting possession ; 
apprehending. 2. a. Alluring ; attracting. 

TaKTNG, n. 1. The act of gaining possession ; a seizing ; 
^eizure ; apprehension. 2. Agitation; distress of mind. 

TaKTNG-LY, adv. In a taking or attractive manner.— 
Bea.umonl and Fletcher. 

TIKTNG-NESS, n. The quality of pleasing.— Taylor. 

TAL'A-POIN, > n. In Slam and Burmah, a name given, by 

TEL'A-POIN, 5 some European nations, to a priest. Also, 
a species of monkey. 

TAL'BOT, n. A sort of dog, noted for his quick scent and 
eager pursuit of game. — Johnson. 

TXL-G, n. [G. talk, isinglass ; talg, tallow ; Sw. talk, talg, 
tallow ; Dan. talg, talg, tallow, and talk, talgsteen, tallow- 
stone ; D. talk, tallow ; Port., Sp. talco.] A magnesian 



mineral, consisting of broad, flat, smooth lamina? or plates, 
unctuous to the touch, of a shining lustre, translucent 
and often transparent. It is so soft as to be easily scratched 
by the_finger nail. 

TILCK'lTE, n. A species of talc of a loose form ; nacrite. 

TaLCoSE, \ a. Talcky ; pertaining to or composed of 

TaLC'OUS, I talc. 

TXLCKY, a. 1. Like talc ; consisting of talc. 2. Contain 
ing talc. 

TILE, n. 1. A story ; a narrative ; the rehearsal of a series 
of events or adventures, commonly some trifling incidents, 
or a fictitious narrative. 2. Oral relation. 3. Reckoning ; 
account set down. — Ex., v. 4. Number reckoned. 5. A 
telling ; information ; disclosure of any thing secret. — 6. 
In law, a count or declaration ; [obs.] — 7. In commerce, a 
weight for gold and silver in China and other parts of the 
East Indies ; also, a money of account. — Syn. Anecdote ; 
story ; fable ; incident ; memoir ; narrative. 

t TaLE, v. i. To tell stories.— Gower. 

TaLE'-BEaR-ER, n. A person who officiously tells tales ; 
one who impertinently communicates intelligence or an- 
ecdotes, and makes mischief in society by his officious- 
ness. 

TaLE'-BEaR-ING, a. Officiously communicating informa- 
tion. 

TILE'-BEaR-ING, n. The act of informing officiously, 
communication of secrets maliciously. 

TILE'-TELL-ER, n. One who tells tales or stories.— 
Guardian. 

TaLE'FUL, a. Abounding with stories. — Thomson. 

TAL'ENT, n. [L. talentum; Gr. raXavrov.] 1. Among the 
ancient Greeks, a weight and denomination of money equal 
to 60 minaB or 6000 drachmae. The Attic talent, as a weight, 
was nearly equal to 57 lbs. avoirdupois ; as a denomination 
of silver money, £243, 15s. sterling, or more than $1100. 
Smith's Diet. — 2. Among the Hebrews, a weight and de- 
nomination of money equivalent to three thousand shekels. 
As a weight, therefore, it was equal to about 93| lbs. avoir 
dupois ; as a denomination of silver, it has been variously 
estimated at from £340 to £396 sterling, or from about 
$1500 to $1800. The highest value is that given by the 
latest authorities. — Arbuthnot. — P. Cyc. — Hussey. 3. Fac- 
ulty ; natural gift or endowment ; a metaphorical appli 
cation of the word, said to be borrowed from the Scrip- 
tural parable of the talents. — Matt., xxv. 4. Eminent abiJ 
ities ; superior powers of execution. 5. Particular faculty , 
skill. 6. [Sp. talante.] Quality ; disposition. — Swift. Tal- 
ent differs from genius in this, that the latter implies 
something more creative and original, while talent implies 
superior powers of attainment or execution. — Syn. Abili- 
ty; faculty; gift; endowment. 

TAL'ENT-ED, a. Furnished with talents ; possessing skill 
or talents. — Ch. Spectator. 

Ta'LeS, n. pi. [L. talis, pi. tales.] In law, tales de circum- 
stantibus, spectators in court from whom the sheriff is to 
select men to supply any defect of jurors who are impan- 
eled, but who may not appear or may be challenged. 

TILES'MAN, n. A person summoned to act as a juroi 
from among the by-standers at court. Such persons were 
called, in law, tales de circumstantibus. — Bouvier. 

Ta'LI-ON, n. Law of retaliation. — Scott. 

Ta-LI-o'NIS. Lex talionis, [L.] in law, the law of retaliation. 
See Retaliate. 

TAL'I-PED, n. [L. talus and pes.] The disease called club- 
foot ; also, a person affected with this disease. 

TAL'IS-MAN, n. [Gr. jsXeana or rtkeaixoi, from reXsw.] 1. 
A magical figure cut or engraved under certain supersti- 
tious observances of the configuration of the heavens, to 
which wonderful effects are ascribed. It was supposed 
to preserve from disease, to render invulnerable in battle, 
&c. 2. Something that produces extraordinary eflects.— 
Swift. 

TAL-IS-MAN'I€, a. Magical; having the properties of a 
talisman or preservative against evils. 

TALK (tawk), v. i. [Dan. tolker ; Sw. tolka; D. tolken.] L, 
To converse familiarly ; to speak, as in familiar discourse 
when two or more persons interchange thoughts. 2. To 
prate ; to speak impertinently. — 3. To talk of, to relate ; tc 
tell ; to give account. 4. To speak ; to reason ; to confer 
— To talk to, in familiar language, to advise or exhort, or 
to reprove gently. 

TALK (tawk), n. 1. Familiar converse ; mutual discourse . 
that which is uttered by one person in familiar conversa- 
tion, or the mutual converse of two or more. 2. Report ; 
rumor. 3. Subject of discourse.— -4. Among the Indians 
of North America, a public conference, as rejecting peace 
or war, negotiation, and the like, or an official oral com- 
munication to or from another nation or its authorized 
agents. — Syn. Conversation; colloquy; discourse; chat 
dialogue; conference; communication. 

TXLK. A mineral. See Talc. 

TALK'A-TlVE (tawk'a-tiv), a. Given to much talking ; full 
of prate.— Syn. Loquacious; garrulous) prattling; prating 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



TAM 



1009 



TAN 



1 ALR'A-TIVE-LY (tawk'a-tiv-le), adv. In a talkative manner. 

TALK'A-TIVE-NESS (tawk'a-tiv-nes), n. Loquacity; gar- 
rulity ; the habit of speaking much in conversation. 

TALK'ER (tawk'er), n. 1. One who talks ; also, a loqua- 
cious person, male or female ; a prattler. 2. A boaster. 

TALKING (tawk'iug), ppr. 1. Conversing ; speaking in fa- 
miliar conversation. — Matt , xvii. 2. a. Given to talking ; 
loquacious. — Goldsmith. 

TALK'ING (tawk'ing), n. The act of conversing familiarly. 

TALL (tawl), a. [W. tal ; taldu, to grow tall.] 1. Elevated 
in stature ; long, and comparatively slender ; [applied to a 
person, or to a~ standing tree, mast, or pole] 2. Sturdy ; 
lusty; bold; [unusual] — Syn. High; lofty. 

TAL'LAGE, }n. [Fr. tailler.] Anciently, a. certain rate or 

TAL'LI-AGE, ) tax paid by barons, knights, and inferior 
tenants toward the public expenses. 

TAL'LAGE, v. t. To lay an impost.— Bp. Ellis. 

TAL'LI^D, pp. Scored with correspondent notches , fitted. 

TAL'LI-ER n. One who keeps tally.— Pope. 

TALL'NESS, n. Height of stature. See Tall. 

TAL'Lo W, n. [Dan. icrtg ; D. talk ; G., Sw. talg.] A sort of 
animal fat, particularly that which is obtained from ani- 
mals of the sheep and ox kinds. 

TAL'LoW, v. t. 1. To grease or smear with tallow. 2. 
Among farmers, butchers, &c, to fatten ; to cause to have 
a large quantity of tallow. 

TALToW-CAN'DLE (-dl), n. A candle made of tallow. 

TAL'LoW-CHaND'LER, n. [Fr. chandelier.] One whose 
occupation is to make, or to make and sell, tallow-candles. 

TAE'LoW-FaCSD (-faste), a. Having a sickly complexion ; 
pale. — Burton. 

TAL'LoW-TREE, n. The Stillingia sebifera, a tree of China 
and other parts. It takes this name from its producing a 
substance like tallow, and which is applied to the same 
purposes. The Vateria Indica, a tree of Hindostan, atfords 
a substance, in its general properties, intermediate between 
wax and tallow, and called piney tallow. — P. Cyc. 

TAL'L5W£D, pp. 1. Greased or smeared with tallow. 2. 
Made_fat; fiiled with tallow. 

TAL'LoW-ER, n. An animal disposed to form tallow in- 
ternajly. — Cyc. 

TAL'LoW-ING, pj?r. 1. Greasing with tallow. 2. Causing 
to gather tallow ; [a term in agriculture.] 

TAL'LoW-ING, n. The act, practice, or art of causing an- 
imals to gather tallow ; or the property in animals of form- 
ing tallow internally. — Cyc. [A term in agriculture.] 

TAL'LoW-ISH, a. Having the properties or nature of tallow. 

TAL'Lo W-Y, a. Greasy; having the qualities of tallow. 

TAL'LY, n. [Fr. tailler ; Port, talhar ; Sp. tallar.] 1. A piece 
of wood on which notches or scores are cut, as the marks 
of number. 2. One thing made to suit another. 

TAL'LY, v. t. 1. To score with correspondent notches ; to 
fit; to suit; to make to correspond. — 2. In seamanship, to 
pull aft the sheets or lower corners of the main and fore- 
sail. 

TAL'LY, v. i. To be fitted; to suit; to correspond. 

f TAL'LY, adv. Stoutly ; with spirit. — Beaumont and Fl. 

TAL'LY-MAN, n. 1. One who sells for weekly or monthly 
payment. 2. One who keeps the tally or marks the sticks. 

TAL'LY-SHOP, n. A shop at which goods or articles are 
sold to customers who agree to pay for them by certain 
weekly or monthly installments. — M'Culloch. 

TAL'LY-Ho. The huntsman's cry to his hounds. — Booth. 

TAL'LY-ING, ppr. 1. Fitting to each other; making to cor- 
-sspond. 2. Agreeing ; corresponding. 3 Hauling aft the 
corners of the main and fore-sail. 

TAL'MUD, ii. [Ch.] The body of the Hebiew laws, tradi- 
tions, and explanations ; or the book that contains them. 
It consists of the Mishna and the Gemara. 

TAL-MUD'IC, ) a. Pertaining to the Talmud ; contained 

TAL-MUD'IC-AL, 5 in the Talmud; as, Talmudic fables. 

TAL'MUD-IST, n. One versed in the Talmud. 

TAL-MUD-IST'IC, a. Pertaining to the Talmud ; resembling 
the Talmud. 

TAL'ON, n. [Fr., Sp. talon.] 1. The claw of a fowl. Bacon. 
— 2. In architecture, a kind of molding, concave at the bot- 
tom and convex at the top; an ogee.— Gwilt. 

TAL'PA, n. [L.] In zoology and surgery, a mole, which see. 

Tl'LUS. n. [L. talus.] 1. In anatomy, the astragalus, or that 
bone of the foot which is articulated to the leg. — 2. In ar- 
chitecture, a slope ; the inebriation of any work. — 3. In for- 
tification, the slope of a work, as a bastion, rampart, or 
parapet. — 4. In geology, a sloping heap of broken rocks 
and stones at the foot of any cliff. — Lyell. 

TIM'A-BLE, a. That may be tamed ; capable of being re- 
claimed from wildness or savage ferociousness ; that may 
be subdued. 

TaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being tamable. 

TAM'A-RACK, n. The American larch ; hackmatack. 

TAM'A-RIN, n. The name of several species of small South 
American monkeys of the genus midas, with long, squir- 
rel-like tails. — Jardine. 

TAM'A-RIND, n. [Sp. tamarindo ; Port. pi. tamarindos; It. 



tamarino, tamarindi ; Fr. tamarin.] A tree of two species, 
the East Indian and the West Indian, which yield the fruit 
called tamarinds. 

TAM'A-RINDS, n. pi. The preserved seed-pods of the tana 
arind, which abound with an acid pulp. — Cyc. 

TAM'A-RISK, 7i. An ornamental evergreen tree or shrub 
of the genus tamarix, of several species, natives of the East 
era Continent. 

TAM'BAC, n. 1. An alloy of copper. — Buchanan. See Tom 
bac. 2. Agallochum or aloes-wood. — Booth. See Agal 
lochum. 

TAM'BoUR, n. [Sp., Port, tambor ; It. tamburo.] 1. A smal 
drum used by the Biscayans as an accompaniment to the 
flageolet. — 2. In architecture, a term applied to the vase or 
naked ground of the Corinthian and Composite capitals, 
which bears some resemblance to a drum ; also, the wall oi 
a circular temple surrounded with columns ; also, the cir- 
cular vertical part above or below a cupola. — Gunlt. 3. A 
lobby or vestibule, inclosed with folding doors, to break 
the current of wind from without, as aUhe entrance of a 
church, banking-house, &c. — Francis. 4. A round course 
of stones, several of which form the shaft of a pillar, not 
so high as a diameter. — 5. In the arts, a species of embroid- 
ery in which threads of gold and silver are worked in 
leaves, flowers, Sic. ; also, a frame resembling a drum, on 
which it is worked. — Hebert. 

TAM'BoUR. v. t. To embroider with a tambour. 

TAM-BOUR-lNE', n. [Fr. tambourin; Sp. lamboril] 1. A 
small dram. At present, it is a shallow dram with only 
one skin, played on with the hand, and having bell3 ai 
the sides. 2. A lively French dance, formerly in vogue in 
operas. 

TaME, a. [Sax., Dan., D. tarn ; Sw. tarn, tamd.] 1. That has 
lost its native wildness and shyness ; mild ; gentle ; accus- 
tomed to man ; domestic. 2. Crashed ; subdued ; de- 
pressed ; spiritless. 3. Spiritless ; unanimated. 

TIME, v. t. [Sax. tamian, getemian ; Goth, ga-tamuan , Dan. 
tcemmer ; Sw. tdmia ; D. tammen.] 1. To reclaim ; to re 
duce from a wild to a domestic state ; to make gentle and 
familiar. 2. To civilize. 3. To subdue ; to conquer ; to 
depress. 4. To subdue ; to repress. 

TaMUD, pp. or a. Reclaimed from wildness ; domestic- 
ated ; made gentle ; subdued. 

TaME'LESS, a. Wild; untamed; untamable. [Rare.] 

TaME'LY, adv. With unresisting submission ; meanly; ser- 
vilely ; without manifesting spirit. 

TaME'NESS,. 72. 1. The quality of being tame or gentle ; s 
state of domestication. 2. Unresisting submission! ; mean 
ness in bearing insults or injuries ; want of spirit. 

TaM'ER, n. One who tames or subdues ; one who reclaims 
from wildness. — Pope. 

TAM'lNE, \n. 1. A strainer or bolter of h^ir. — Cotgra^, 

TAM'MY, 5 2. The same as Tamis. 

TaM'ING, ppr. Reclaiming from a wild state; civili^g .. 
subduing. 

TAM'IS, n. A worsted cloth used for the purpose r_,f sfraijj. 
ing sauces. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

TAM'KIN, n. A stopper. See Tampion. 

TAMP, v. t. To fill up a hole bored in a rock ior biastin". 

TAM'PER,, v. i. 1. To meddle ; to be busy ; to try little ex 
periments. 2. To meddle; to have to do with without 
fitness or necessity. 3. To deal ; to practice secretly. 

TAM'PER- ING, ppr. Meddling; dealing; practicing secretly: 

TAM'PER-ING. n. The act of meddling or practicing se 
cretly. 

TAMP'ING, n. The filliDg up of a hole m a rock for the 
purpose of blasting ; a) so, the matter used in thus filling up 

TAM'PI-ON, 1 n. [Fr. tampon.] The stopper of a cannon or 

TOM'PI-ON, 5 other piece of ordnance. 

TAM'PoE, n. A fruit of the East Indies, somewhat resem 
bling an apple or mangosteen. — Cyc. 

TAMTAM, n. A large flat drum used by the Hindoos. 

TAN, v. t. [Fr. tanner.] 1. In the arts, to convert animai 
skins into leather. 2. To make brown ; to imbrown by 
exposure to the rays of the smx 

TAN, n. The bark of the oak, &c.„ bruised and broken by 
a mill, for tanning hides. 

TAN'-BED, n. [tan and bed.] In gardening, a bed made of 
tan ; a bark-bed. 

TAN'-HOUSE, n. A building in which tanner's bark if 
stored. 

TAN-PIT, 7i. [tan and pit.]. A bark-pit; a vat in which 
hides are laid in tan. 

TAN-SPUD, n. [tan and spud.] An instrument for peeling 
the bark from oak and other trees. [Local] 

TAN'-SToVE, n. A hot-house with a bark-bed. 

TAN- VAT, 7i. [tan and vat.] A vat in which hides are 
steeped in liquor with tan. 

TAN'A-6ER. n. The name of certain American birds allied 
to the finches and sparrows. — Swainson. 

TAN'DEM. [Horseman's Latin.] Horses are harnessed tan- 
dem when they are placed single, one before another. Bufc i 
tandem properly refers to time, and not to length of line. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete 
S s s 



TAN 



1010 



TAR 



; A.NG, n. [Gr. rayyog ; It. tanfo.] 1. A strong taste ; par- 
ticularly, a taste of something extraneous to the thing it- 
self. 2. Relish ; taste. 3. Something that leaves a sting 
or pain behind. 4. Sound ; tone ; [obs.] 5. The tapering 
part of a knife, chisel, tile, <fcc, which goes into the handle. 

TANG, n. [Su. Goth, tang.] A kind of sea-weed ; called, in 
some places, tangle. — Bp. Richardson. 

t TANG, v. i. To ring with.— Shak. 

TAN'gEN-CY, n. A contact or touching. 
PAN'GENT, n. [Fr. tangente ; L. tang ens.] In geometry, a 
right line which touches a curve, but which, when pro- 
duced, does not cut it. — In trigonometry, a tangent of an 
arc is a right line drawn touching one extremity of the 
arc, and limited by a secant or line drawn through the 
center and the other extremity of the arc. — Hutton. 
PAN-GENTIAL, a. Tangential force, a force which acts so 
as to give a tendency to a revolving body to fly off" in a 
tangent to its orbit. — Olmsted. 
i AN-GEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In the direction of a tangent.— 

Olmsted. 
L'AN-Gl-BIL'1-TY, \n. The quality of being perceptible 

TAN'oI-BLE-NESS, } to the touch or sense of feeling. 

PAN'Gl-BLE, a. [from L. tango.] 1. Perceptible by the 
touch ; tactile. 2. That may be possessed or realized. 

FAN'Gl-BLY, adv. Perceptibly to the touch. 

FAN"GLE (tang'gl), -a. t. 1. To implicate ; to unite or knit 
together confusedly ; to interweave or interlock, as threads, 
so as to make it difficult to ravel the knot. 2. To insnare ; 
to entrap. 3. To embroil ; to embarrass ; [better, entangle.] 

TAN"GLE, v. i. To be entangled or united confusedly. 

TAN"GLE (tang'gl), n. A knot of threads or other things 
united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily 
disengaged. 2. A kind of sea-weed. 

TAN'GLED, pp. or a. United confusedly. 

TAN"GLING, ppr. Uniting without order. 

FAN"GLING-LY, adv. In a tangling manner. 

TAN'IST, n. [Gaelic tanaiste.] Among the descendants of 
the Celts, in Ireland, a lord, or the proprietor of a tract of 
land ; a governor or captain. 

PAN'IST-RY, n. [Gaelic tanaisteachd.] In Ireland, a tenure 
of lands by which the proprietor had only a life estate ; 
descent from the oldest and worthiest of the blood. — 
Davies. 

i'ANK, n. [Fr. etang ; Span, estanque; Port, tanque; Sans. 
tanghi ; Japan, tange.] A large basin or cistern ; a reser- 
voir of water. — Dry den. 

TANKARD, n. [Ir. tancaird ; Gaelic tancard.] A large ves- 
sel for liquors, or a drinking vessel, with a cover. 

I "AN KARD-TUR'NIP, n. A sort of turnip. 

PAN'LING, n. One tanned by the heat of the sun. 

TAN'NATE, n. A compound of tannic acid and a base. — 
Brande. 

f*&NN.ED, pp. or a. [from tan.] 1. Converted into leather. 
C Darkened by the rays of the sun. 

FAN'NER, n. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or 
concert them into leather by the use of tan. 

TAN'NF.R-Y, n. The house and apparatus for tanning. 

FAN'NIC AC'ID, n. The principle of astringency in vegeta- 
bles, as, for example, the bark of the oak, chestnut, and 
gall-nuts ; the substance used to change raw hides into 
leather. 

TAN'NI-ER, n. An esculent root, arum esculentum. 

TAN'NIN, n. A name formerly applied to tannic acid. 

TAN'NING, ppr. Converting raw hides into leather. 

TAN'NING, n. The practice, operation, and art of convert- 
ing the raw hides of animals into feather by the use of tan. 

TAN'REC, ) n. The name of several species of small in- 

TEN'RE-G, > sectivorous quadrupeds, allied to the hedge- 

TEN'DRAC, ) hogs, and found in Madagascar and the Isle 
of France. 

FAN'SY, n. [Fr. tanaisie ; It, Sp. tanaceto ; L. tanacetum.] 
A bitter nromatic plant of the genus tanacetum, of many- 
species. — Cyc. 

TANT, n. A small spider with two eyes and eight long 
legs, and of an elegant scarlet color. — Cyc. 

TANTA-LISM,.rc. The punishment of Tantalus ; a teasing 
or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good which 
is not attainable. — J. Qjiincy. 

TANTA-LlTE, n. Another name for the mineral called 

columbite. 
FAN-TA-LI-Za'TION, n. The act of tantalizing. 
PAN'TA-LlZE, v. t. [from Tantalus.] To torment by" pre- 
senting some good to the view, and exciting desire, but 
eontinually frustrating the expectations by keeping that 
good out of reach ; to torment. Dryden<—SYS. To tease ; 
vex ; irritate ; provoke. 
FANTA-LlZ-ED, pp. Teased or tormented by the disap- 
pointment of the hope of good 

TANTA-LiZ-ER, n. One who tantalizes. 

TAN'TA-LlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Teasing or tormenting by pre- 
senting to the view some unattainable good. 

TAN'TA-LlZ-ING-LY, adv. By tantalizing. 

TANTA-LUM. n. A name once used for columbium. 



TAN'TA-LUS, n. [L., from Gr.] In fabulous history, a Lyd 
ian king, who was condemned to be plunged in water, 
with choice fruits hanging Over him, without the power 
of reaching them to satisfy his hunger or his thirst. 

TAN'TA-MOUNT, a. [L.tantus, and amount.] Equal; equiv- 
alent in value or signification. 
*TAN'TIV-Y, adv. [said to be from the note of a huntk>g- 
horn ; L. tanta vi.] To ride tantivy, is to ride with great 
speed. — Johnson. 

TANT'LING, n. One seized with the hope of pleasuro un 
attainable — Shah. See Tantalize. 

TANTRUMS, n. pi. Whims ; freaks ; bursts of ill-humoi , 
' affected airs. — Forby. [A colloquial term.] 

TAP, v. t. [Fr. taper ; Dan. tapper.] To strike with some 
thing small, or to strike a very gentle blow ; to touch 
gently. 

TAP, v. i. To strike a gentle blow ; as, he tapped at the 
door. 

TAP, v. t. [Sax. tappan; Sw. tappa; Dan. tapper; D. tappen.] 

1. To pierce or broach a cask, and insert a tap. 2. To 
open a cask and draw liquor. 3. To pierce for letting ou» 
a fluid. 4. To box, or bore into. 

TAP, 7i. 1. A gentle blow ; a slight blow with a small thing. 

2. A spile or pipe for drawing liquor from a cask. 
TAP'-HOUSE, n. A house where liquors are retailed. 
TAP'-ROOT, n. The root of a plant which penetrates deep 

and perpendicularly into the ground without dividing.— 
Loudon. 

TAPE, n. [Sax. tceppe.] A narrow fillet or band ; a narrow 
piece of woven work, used for strings and the like. 

TaPE'-LiNE, n. A painted tape, marked with inches, &c, 
and inclosed in a case, used by engineers, &c, in meas 
uring. 

Ta.PE'-W6RM (-wurm), n. [tape and worm.] A worm bred 
in the human intestines ; a name of various worms infest- 
ing the alimentary canal of different animals. They are 
parenchymatous entozoa of the tenioid family. Certain 
species, found in the human intestines, are destroyed by 
the oil of turpentine in cathartic doses. 

Ta'PER, n. [Sax. taper, tapur.] A small wax-candle ; a small 
lighted wax-candle, or a small light. 

TITER, a. [supposed to be from the form of a taper.] Reg- 
ularly narrowed toward the point ; becoming small toward 
one end ; conical ; pyramidical. 

TITER, v. i. To diminish or become gradually smaller to- 
ward one end. 

Ta'PER, v. t. To make gradually smaller in diameter. 

Ti'PER-ING, ppr. 1. Making gradually smaller. 2. a. Be- 
coming regularly smaller in diameter toward one end 
gradually diminishing toward a point. 

Ta'PER-ING-LY, adv. In a tapering manner 

Ta'PER-NESS, n. The state of being taper. 

TAP'ES-TRIjED, pp. Ornamented with tapestry. 

* TAP'ES-TRY, n. [Fr. tapis, tapisserie; L. tapes.] A kind 
-of woven hangings of wool and silk, often enriched with 
gold and silver, representing figures of men, animals, land- 
scapes, &c. The most celebrated were the Gobelins, so 
called from a manufacturer in Paris. — Cyc. 

TAP'ES-TRY, v. t. To adorn with tapestry. 

TAP'ET, n. Worked or figured stuff'.— Spenser. 

TAP'E-Tl, n. A South American animal of the hare kind. 

Ta'PIR, n. The name of two quadrupeds, one of which is 
found in South America, the other in Sumatra. They are 
allied to the rhinoceros, but are much smaller, and" like 
wise to the hog. 

Ta'PIS, n. [Fr.] Tapestry, once the cover of a council-table 
— Upon the tapis, under consideration, or on the table. 

TAPPED (tapt),pp. Broached; opened. 

TAP-I-o'€A, n. The popular name of the fecula obtained 
by scraping and washing the roots of the cassava or cas- 
sada plant. It is an important article of food. 

TAP'PING, ppr. Broaching ; opening for the discharge of a 
fluid. 

TAP'STER, n. One whose business is to draw liquor. 

TiR, n. [Sax. tare, tyr, tyrwa ; D. teer ; G. theer.] 1. A thick, 
impure resinous substance, of a dark-brown or black col- 
or, obtained from pine and fir-trees, by burning the wood 
with a close, smothering heat. 2. A sailor, so called from 
his tarred clothes. — Mineral tar, a soft, native bitumen. 

TaR, v. t. 1. To smear with tar; as, to tar ropes. 2. [Sax 
tiran, tyrian.] To stimulate ; to provoke. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

TXR'-WA-TER, n. A cold infusion of tar in water.— Cyc. 

TAR'A-NIS, n, A Celtic divinity, regarded as the evil prin 
ciple, but confounded by the Romans with Jupiter. - 
Brande. 

TA-RAN'TU-LA, n. See Tarentujca, which is the most cor 
rect orthography. 

t TaR-Da'TION, n. [L. tardo.] The act of retarding. 

TaR'DI-GRaDE, \a. [L. tardigradus.] Slow-paced 

TaR'DI-GRa-DOUS, 5 moving or stepping slowly. 

TaR'DI-GRaDE, n. The tardigrades are a section of eden 
tate quadrupeds, including the sloth, and named from tho 
slowness of their motions on the ground. 



Set Sijnnpsit A F, I, &c, long.— X, E, 1 &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— M5VE, BOOK 



TAR 



1011 



TAJ5 



TaR'DI-LY, adv. Slowly ; with slow pace or motion. 

TAR'DI-NESS, n. 1. Slowness, or the slowness of motion 
or pace. 2. Unwillingness ; reluctance manifested by- 
slowness. 3. Lateness. 

f-TiR'DI-TY, n. [L. tarditas.) Slowness; tardiness. 

TA'R'DO. [It.] In music, denoting a slow movement. 

TAR'DY, a. [Fr. tardif; Sp., It. tardo, from L. tardus.] 1. 
With a slow pace or motion. 2. Backward ; not being in 
season. 3. Backward ; implying reluctance. — 4. In col- 
leges, late in attendance on a public exercise. 5. Unwary ; 
[obs.] 6. Criminal; [obs.] — Syn. Slow; dilatory; tedious; 
reluctant. 

«■ TaR'DY, v. i. [Fr. tarder.] To delay. 

TAR'DY-GAIT'ED, a. [tardy and gait.] Slow-paced ; hav- 
ing a slow step or pace. — Clifton. 

TaRE, n. 1. A weed that grows among corn. 2. The pop 
ular name of certain leguminous plants, the vicia sativa, 
considered to be the darnel (Matt., xiii.), and most species 
of ervum. — 3. In agriculture, a plant of the vetch kind, 
much cultivated in England for fodder.— Cyc. 

TaRE, n. [Fr. tare ; It., Sp. tara ; D. tarra.] In commerce, 
the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quan- 
tity from the weight or quantity of a commodity sold in a 
cask, chest, bag, or the like, which the seller makes to the 
buyer on account of the weight of such cask, chest, or bag ; 
or the abatement may be on the price of the commodity 
sold. 

TaRE, v. t. To ascertain or mark the amount of tare. 

\ TaRE, old pret. of tear. We now use tore. 

TaR.ED, pp. Having the tare ascertained and marked. 

TA-REN'TISM, )n. [L. tarentismus, from Tarentum.] A 

TA-RANTISM, > fabulous disease, supposed to be pro- 
duced by the bite of a certain spider, the Lycosa Tarentula, 
and to be incapable of cure except by protracted dancing 
to appropriate music. 

TA-REN'TU-LA, \ n. [L. dimin. of Tarentum, now Taranto, 

TA-RAN'TU-LA, 5 in Italy.] A species of spider or citi- 
grade pulmonary arachnid, the Lycosa Tarentula. Its 
bite sometimes produces an effect about equal to the sting 
of a wasp. 

t TaRgE, for target.— Spenser. 

TAR'GET, n. [Sax. targ, targa ; Fr. targe ; It. targa.] 1. A 
shield or buckler of a small kind, used as a defensive 
weapon in war. 2. A mark for the artillery to tire at in 
their practice. 

TAR'GET-ED, a. Furnished or armed with a target 

TAR-GET-EER', n. One armed with a target.— Chapman. 

TARGUM n. Xh. DI^Hh, targum, interpretation.] A trans- 
lation or paraphrase of the sacred Scriptures in the Chal- 
dee language or dialect. 

TAR'GUM-IST, n. The writer of a targum.— Parkkurst. 

TARIFF, n. [Fr. tarif ; It. tariffa ; Sp. Tarifa, a town hi 
Spain, at the entrance of the Straits of Gibraltar, where 
duties were formerly collected. Hence, the proper spell- 
ing would be tarif.] 1. Properly, a list or table of goods 
with the duties or customs to be paid for the same. 2. A 
list or table of duties or customs to be paid on goods im- 
ported or exported. 

TAR'IFF, v. t. To make a list of duties on goods. 

TAR'IN, n. [Fr.] A European bird of the grossbeak kind. 

TaR'ING, ppr. Ascertaining or marking the amount of tare. 

TARN, n. [Ice. tiorn.] 1. A lake.— Halliwell. 2. A bog ; a 
marsh ; a fen. — Ray. 

TAR'NISH, v. t. [Fr. ternir, ternissant.] 1. To soil by an al- 
teration induced by the air, or by dust and the like ; to 
diminish or destroy lustre. 2. To diminish or destroy the 
purity of.— Syn. To sully ; stain ; dim. 

TXR'NISH, v. i. To lose lustre ; to become dull. 

TXR'NISHED (taVnisht), pp. or a. Sullied ; having lost its 
brightness by oxydation, or by some alteration produced 
by exposure to air, dust, and the like. 

TAR'NISH-ING^pr. Sullying; losing brightness. 

Ta'RO, n. A plant of the genus arum, having leaves like a 
water-lily, and large, thick, oblong roots, which, when 
baked, are used as food in the Pacific Ocean. — Loudon. 

TAR-PAU'LIN, n. 1. A piece of canvas covered with tar, 
or a composition, to render it water-proof, used for cover- 
ing the hatches of a ship, hammocks, boats, &c. 2. A 
name given to hats covered with painted or tarred cloth, 
worn by sailors. — Totten. 3. A sailor ; [in contempt.] 

TaR'QUIN-ISH, a. Like Tarquin, a king of Rome ; proud ; 
haughty. — Quart. Rev. 

TAR'RACE, n. See Trass. 

TAR'RA-GON, n. A plant of the genus artemisia, celebrated 
for perfuming vinegar in France. 

TARTIAS, n. See Trass. 

t TARRE, v. t. To stimulate or set on.— Sliak. 

TXRR.ED (tard), pp. or a. Smeared with tar. 

t TARTil-ANCE, n. A tarrying ; delay ; lateness. 

TAR'RIED (tar'rid), pp. Waited for ; stayed ; delayed. 

TAR'RI-ER, n. 1. A dog ; [see Terrier.] 2. [from tarry.] 
One who tarries or delays. 

TiR'RING, ppr. Smearing with tar.— Shah: 



TAR'RO€K, n. A sea-fowl, a species of gull. 

TAR'RY, v. i. [W. tariaw.] 1. To stay or remain in a place 
2. To stay behind.— Ex., xii. 3. To stay in expectation ; 
to wait 4. To delay ; to put off going or coming. — Gen^ 
xlv. 5. To remain ; to stay. — Syn. To abide ; continue 
lodge ; await ; loiter. 

t TAR'RY, v. t. To wait for.— Skak. 

TAR'RY, a. [from tar.] Consisting of tar, or like tar. 

TAR'RY, n. Stay ; stop ; delay.— Rich. Diet. [Obs.] 

TAR'RY-ING, ppr. Staying; delaying. 

TAR'RY-ING, n. Delay.— Ps. xl. 

TAR'SAL, a. Pertaining to the tarsus. 

TARSE, n. [Fr. ; Gr. rapaoi.] The tarsus, which see 
Brande. 

TAR'SEL, n. A male hawk.— Shak. See Tercel. 

TAR'SI, n. pi. The feet in insects, which are articulated, 
and formed of five or a less number of joint.*. 

TAR'SUS, n. [Gr. rapoos ; Fr. tarse.] That part of the foot 
to which the leg is articulated, the front of which is called 
the instep. — Cyc. 

TART, a. [Sax. tcart ; D. taartig.] 1. Acid ; sharp to the 
taste ; acidulous. 2. Sharp ; keen ; severe. 

TaRT, n. [D. taart ; Sw. tart; Fr. tarte; It. torta; G. torte.] 
A species of pie or pastry, consisting of fruit baked on paste. 

TARTAN, n. Woolen cloth, checkered or cross-barred 
with threads of various colors. — Jamieson's Diet. ; [Scot- 
tish.] A checkered worsted stuff, called tartan or plaid, ia 
made in various parts of England. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

TARTAN, n. [Sp., It. tartana.] A small coasting vessel of 
the Mediterranean, with one mast and a lateen sail. 

TaR'TAR, n. [Fr. tartre ; Sp. tartaro ; from tart.] 1. An acid, 
concrete salt, deposited from wines completely fermented, 
and adhering to the sides of the casks in the form of a 
hard crust — Crude tartar, used in assaying ores, is called 
argal or argol. The tartar of wines is common cream of 
tartar, or bitartrate of potassa. 2. A popular name for the 
concretion which often incrusts the teeth, consisting of sal 
ivary mucus, animal matter, and phosphate of lime.- 
Bra'nde. 3. A person of a keen, irritable temper. 4. A na 
tive of Tartary. — To catch a Tartar, to lay hold of or en 
counter a person who proves too strong for the assailant. 

t TaR'TAR, n. [L. Tartarus.] Hell.— SAafc. 

TaR'TAR E-METI€, n. A double salt, consisting of tartar 
ic acid in combination with potassa and protoxyd of an 
timony . — Bran de. 

TaR-Ta'RE-AN, I a, Hellish ; pertaining to Tartarus 

TaR-Ta'RE-OUS, 3 Milton. 

TaR-Ta'RE-OUS, a. Consisting of tartar ; resembling tar 
tar, or partaking of its properties. — Grew. 

TAR-TAR'IC, I a. Pertaining to Tartary, in Asia.— 'Tar 

TAR-TA'RE-AN, 5 taric acid, the acid of tartar. 
! TARTA-RIN, n. Fixed vegetable alkali or potassa. 
j TARTA-RI-NA-TED, a. Combined with tartarin. 

TAR-TAR-I-ZATION, n. The act of forming tartar.— Bib 
! lioth. Bib. 

I TARTAR-lZE, v. t. To impregnate with tartar ; to refine 
by means of the salt of tartar.— Cyc. 

TaRTAR-iZJSD, pp. or a. Impregnated with tartar ; re- 
' fined by tartar. 

| TaRTAR-iZ-ING, ppr. Impregnating with tartar. 
! TaRTAR-OUS, a. Containing tartar ; consisting of tartar, 
| or partaking of its qualities. 

I TARTA-RUM, n. A preparation of tartar, called petrified 
I tartar. — Cyc. 

TARTA-RUS, n. [Gr. raprapoi.] The name of the infernal 
regions over which Pluto or Hades ruled. 

TXRT'ISH, a. [from tart.] Somewhat tart. 

TARTLY, adv. 1. Sharply ; with acidity. 2. Sharply ; with 
poignancy ; severely. 3. With sourness of aspect. 

TARTNESS, n. 1. Acidity; sharpness to the taste. 2. 
Sharpness of language or manner. — Syn. Sourness ; keen- 
ness ; poignancy ; severity ; acrimony ; asperity ; acerbi- 
ty; harshness. 

TARTRATE, n. A salt formed by the combination of tar- 
taric acid with a base. 

TAR-TRO-VIN'IC ACID, n. An acid composed of tartaric 
acid in combination with the elements of ether. — Brande. 

TAR-TUFFE', n. [Fr. tartufc] A nickname from the French 
for a hypocritical devotee, derived from the name of the 
hero in Moliere's celebrated comedy. — Brande. 

tTAR-TUFF'ISH, a. [ Fr. tartuffe.] Precise ; hypocriticaL 

TASK, n. [Fr. tache. ; W. tasg ; Gaelic, Ir. tasg ; It. tassa.) 
1. Business imposed by another, often a definite quantity 
or amount of labor. 2. Business ; employment. 3. Bur- 
densome employment — To take to task, to reprove; to 
reprimand. Addison. — Syn. Work; labor; employment; 
business; toil; drudgery. 

TASK, v. t. [W. tasgu] 1. To impose a task ; to assign to 
one a definite amount of business or labor. 2. To burdea 
with some employment ; to require to perform. 

TASK'-MAS-TER, n. 1. One who imposes a task, or bur 
dens with labor. 2. One whose office is to assign tasks to 
others. 



DOVE :— BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



TAT 



1012 



TA W 



TaSJv.ED (taskt;, pp. Required to perform something. 

TaSK'ER, n. One who imposes a task. 

TaSK'ING, ppr. Imposing a task on ; requiring to perform. 

* TAS'SEL, n. [ W. tasel ; It. tassello.] 1. A sort of pendant 
ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to curtains, 
and the like, ending in loose threads. 2. A small ribbon 
of silk sowed to a book, to be put between the leaves. — 3. 
In building, tassels are the pieces of boards that lie under 
the mantle-tree. 4. A burr ; [see Teasel.] 5. A male hawk; 
properly, terzol, It. terzuolo ; see Tercel. 

1 TAS'SELiSD, a. Furnished or adorned with tassels. 

TAS'SES. n. pi. Armor for the thighs. 

TaST'A-BLE, a. That may be tasted ; savory ; relishing. 

I'lSTE, v. t. [Fr. titer; It. tastarc ; Norm, taster; G., D. 
tasten.] 1. To perceive by means of the tongue ; to have 
a certain sensation in consequence of something applied 
to the tongue. 2. To try the relish of by the perception of 
the organs of taste. 3. To try by eating a little ; or to eat 
a little. 4. To essay first. 5. To have pleasure from. 6. 
To experience ; to feel ; to undergo. 7. To relish intellect- 
ually ; to enjoy. 8. To experience by shedding, as blood. 

TaSTE, v. i. 1. To try by the mouth ; to eat or drink ; or 
to eat or drink a little only. 2. To have a smack ; to ex- 
cite a particular sensation, by which the quality or flavor 
is distinguished. 3. To distinguish intellectually. 4. To 
try the relish of any thing. 5. To be tinctured ; to have 
a particular quality or character. 6. To experience ; to 
have perception of. 7. To take to be enjoyed. 8. To 
enjoy sparingly. 9. To have the experience or enjoy- 
ment of. 

TaSTE, n. 1. The act of tasting ; gustation. 2. A particu- 
lar sensation excited in an animal by the application of a 
substance to the tongue, the proper organ. 3. The sense 
by which we perceive the relish of a thing. 4. Intellectu- 
al relish. 5. Judgment ; discernment ; nice perception, or 
the power of perceiving and relishing excellence in hu- 
man performances ; the faculty of discerning beauty, or- 
der, congruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever consti- 
tutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles 
lettres. 6. Style ; manner, with respect to what is pleas- 
ing. 7. Essay ; trial ; experiment ; [obs.] 8. A small por- 
tion given as a specimen. 9. A bit ; a little piece tasted or 
oaten. 10. A kind of narrow ribbon. — Syn. Savor ; relish ; 
flavor ; sensibility ; gout. 

TaST'ED, pp. Perceived by the organs of taste; experienced. 

TaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Having a high relish.— Pope. 2. Having 
good taste. 

TaSTE'FUL-LY, adv. With good taste. 

TaSTE'FUL-NESS, n. The state of being tasteful. 

TISTE'LESS, a. 1. Having no taste ; insipid. 2. Having 
no power of giving pleasure. 3. Having no power to per- 
ceive taste ; [obs.] 4. Having no intellectual gust ; [rare ] 

TISTE'LESS-LY, adv. In a tasteless manner. 

TaSTE'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Want of taste or relish; insip- 
idness. 2. Want of perception of taste ; [obs.] 3. Want 
of intellectual relish ; [obs.] 

TaST'ER, n. 1. One who tastes. 2. One who first tastes 
food or liquor. — Dryden. 3. A dram-cup. 

TaST'I-LY, adv. With good taste. 

TASTING, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the tongue. 2. Trying ; 
experiencing ; enjoying or suffering. 

TIST'ING, n. 1. The act of perceiving by the tongue. 2. 
The sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors. 

TAS'TO SO'LO, [It.] in music, denotes that the passage 
should be performed with no other chords than unisons 
and octaves. 

TaST'Y, a. 1. Having a good taste, or nice perception of 
excellence. 2. Being in conformity to the principles of 
good taste ; elegant. 

TAT'TA, n. In India, a bamboo frame or trellis over which 
water is suffered to trickle with a view of cooling the an- 
as it enters the windows or doors. 

TAT'TER, v. t. fqu. Sax. totaran.] To rend or tear into 
rags. [Not used, except in the participle.] 

TAT'TER, n. A rag, or a part torn and hanging to the thing; 
chiefly used in the plural, tatters. 

TAT-TER-DE-MAL'ION, n, A ragged fellow.— HEstrange. 

TATTER.ED, pp. or a. Rent ; torn ; hanging in rags. 

TATTLE (tat'tl), v. i. [D. tateren ; It. tattamellare.] 1. To 
prate ; to talk idly ; to use many words with little mean- 
ing. 2. To tell tales ; to communicate secrets. 

TATTLE, n. Prate ; idle talk or chat ; trifling talk. 

TATTLER, n. One who tattles ; an idle talker ; one who 
tells tales. 

TATTLER- Y, n. Idle talk or chat. 

TATTLING, ppr. 1. Talking idly ; telling tales. 2. a. Giv- 
en to idle talk ; apt to tell tales. 

TAT'TLING-LY, adv. In a tattling, tell-tale manner. 
TAT-TOO', n. A beat of drum at night, giving notice to 

soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters. — Cyc. 
TAT-TOO', v. t. [In the South Sea Isles.] To prick the skin, 
and stain the punctured spots with a colored fluid or sub- 
stance, forming lines and figures upon the body. 



TAT-TOO', n. Figures on the body, made by puncture3 

and stains in lines and figures. 
TAT-TOOJSD' (tat-tood'), pp. or a. Marked by stained lines 

and figures on the body. 
TAT-TOOTNG, n. The operation or practice of pricking 

the skin and staining the punctured spots with a colored 

substance, so as to form lines and figures on the body.— 

P. Cyc. 
TAT-TOOTNG, ppr. Marking with various figures by stained 

lines. 
TAUGHT (tawt), a. Tight ; stretched ; not slack.— Totten. 
TAUGHT (tawt), pret. and pp. of teach. 

* TAUNT (tiint), v. t. [qu. Fr. tancer ; W. tantiaw.] 1. To re 

proach with severe or insulting words ; to revile ; to up 
braid. 2. To exprobrate ; to censiire. 

* TaUNT, n. Upbraiding words ; bitter or sarcastic re 
proach : insulting invective. 

TaUNT, a. Among seamen, a term signifying very high oi 
tall, as the masts of a ship. — Totten. 

* TaUNT'ED. pp. Upbraided with sarcastic or severe words 

* TaUNT'ER, n. One who taunts, reproaches, or upbraids 

with sarcastic or censorious reflections. 

* TaUNT'ING, ppr. or a. Treating with severe reflections. 

* TaUNT'ING-LY, adv. With bitter and sarcastic words , 
insultingly ; scoffingly. 

TAU-RI-€ORN'OUS, a. [L. taurus and cornu.] Having horns 
like a bull. — Brown. 

TAU'RI-FORM, a. [L. taurus, a bull, and form.] Having the 
form_of a bull. — Faber. 

TAURINE, a. [L. taurus, a bull.] 1. Relating to a bull. 2. 
Relating to the Taurus Urus, the species to which the 
common bull or ox and cow belong, and for which there 
is no peculiar name in English. 

TAU'RO-€OL, ?*. A gluey substance made trom a bull's 
hide. 

TAURUS, n. [L.] 1. The Bull ; one of the twelve signs of 
the zodiac, and the second in order. 2. The Linnsean 
name of the species to which the common bull or ox and 
cow belong. 

TAUT, a. Tight. See Taught.— Totten. 

TAU-TOG', n. A fish found on the coast of New England, 
labrus Americanus, valued for food ; also called black-Jish. 
— Storer's Mass. Rep't. 

TAU'TO-€HRONE, n. [Gr. ravra and xpovos-] A curve 
line of such property that a heavy body descending along, 
it by the action of gravity will always arrive at the lowew 
point in the same time wherever in the curve it may begin 
to fall. — Brande. 

TAU'TO-LlTE, n. A velvet-black mineral occurring in vol- 
canic feldspathic rocks. 

TAU-TO-LOGT€, \ a. Repeating the same thing ; hav- 

TAU-TO-LOd'I€-AL. 5 ing the same signification. 

TAU-TOL'O-GlST, n. One who uses different words or 
phrases in succession to express the same sense. 

TAU-TOL'O-GIZE, v. i. To repeat the same thing in differ- 
ent words. 

TAU-TOL'O-GOUS, a. Tautological.— Dwight. 

TAU-TOL'O-gY, [Gr. ravToXoyta.] A repetition of the same 
meaning in different words ; needless repetition of a thing 
in different words or phrases. 

TAU-TO-PHON'I€-AL, a. Repeating the same sound. 

TAU-TOPH'O-NY (taw-tot one), n. [Gr. ravra and <pwvr).] 
A repetition of the same sound. 

TAVERN, ii. [Fr. taverne ; W. tavarn ; L. taberna.] A 
house licensed to sell liquors in small quantities, to be 
drank on the spot. — In some of the United States, tavern is 
synonymous with inn or hotel, and denotes a house for 
the entertainment of travelers, as well as for the sale of 
liquors. 

TAV'ERN-HaUNT-ER, n. One who frequents a tavern. 

t TAVERN-MAN, n. [tavern and man.] 1. The keeper of a 
tavern. 2. A tippler. 

TAVERN-ER, ) , , 

TAVERN-KEEP-ER, 5 n ' 0ne who kee P s a tavern - 

TAVERN-ING, n. A feasting at taverns.— Hall. 

TAW, v. t. [Sax. tawian ; D. touwen.] To dress white leath- 
er for gloves, &c, by imbuing skins with alum, salt, and 
other matters. — Brande. — Cyc. 

TAW, n. A marble to bt. played with ; a game at marbles 
—Swift. 

TAWDRI-LY, adv. In a tawdry manner. 

TAW'DRI-NESS, n. Tinsel in dress ; excessive finery ; os 
tentatious finery without elegance. 

TAWDRY, a. Very fine and showy in colors without taste 
or elegance ; having an excess of showy ornaments with 
out grace. 

TAWDRY, n. A slight ornament.— Drayton. 

TAW.ED (t°wd), pp. or a. Dressed and made white, aa 
leather. 

TAW'ER, n. A dresser of white leather. 

TAW'ER-Y, 7i. A place where skins are tawed or dyed 
with alum. — Maunder. 
I TAWING, ppr. Dressing, as white leather. 



See Synopsis. A, E ; I, &c, long. -X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;— MARINE. BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



TEA 



1013 



TEA 



TAWING, n. The art and operation of preparing skins 
and forming them into white leather by imbuing them 
with alum, salt, and other matters. 

TA\yNY, a. [Fr. tanne.] Of a yellowish-dark color, like 
things tanned or persons who are sun-burned. — Addison. 

TAWNI-NESS, n. The quality of being tawny. 

TAX, n. [Fr. taxe; Sp. tasa; It.tassa: from L. tazo, to tax.] 
1. A rate or sum of money assessed on the yerson or 
property of a citizen by government for the use of the na- 
tion or state. 2. A sum imposed on the persons and prop- 
erty of citizens to defray the expenses of a corporation, 
society, parish, or company. 3. That which is imposed ; 
a burden. 4. Charge ; censure. 5. Task. — Syn. Impost ; 
tribute ; contribution ; duty ; toll ; rate ; assessment ; ex- 
action ; custom ; demand. 

TAX, v. t. [L. tazo ; Fr. taxer ; It. tassare.] 1. To lay, im- 
pose, or assess upon citizens a certain sum. 2. To load 
with a burden or burdens. 3. To assess, fix, or determine 
judicially. 4. To charge ; to censure ; to accuse. 

TAX-A-BIL'1-TY, n. State of being taxable. 

TAX'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be taxed ; liable bylaw to the 
assessment of taxes. 2. That may be legally charged by a 
court against the plaintiff or defendant in a suit. 

TAXA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being taxable. 

TAX'A-BLY, adv. In a taxable manner. 

TAX-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. tazatio.] 1. A taxing ; the act of 
laying a tax. 2. Tax ; sum imposed ; [little used.] 3. 
Charge ; accusation ; [little used.] 4. The act of taxing or 
assessing a bill of cost 

TAXED (takst), pp. or a. R.ated; assessed; accused. 

TAX'ER, n. 1. One who taxes. — 2. In Cambridge, England, 
the name of two officers chosen yearly to see the true 
gauge of weights and measures observed. 

TAXTaRCH, ?i. [Gr. raliapxnS-] An Athenian military 
officer commanding a taxis or battalion. — Mitford. 

TAX'I-CORNS, n. pi. [L. taxus and cornu.] A family of 
coleopterous insects, whose antennae are largest at the 
apex. — Cuvier. 

TAX-I-DER'MI€, a. Belonging to the art of preparing and 
preserving the skins of animals. 

TAX'I-DER-MIST, n. One skilled in preparing and pre- 
serving the skins of animals, so as to represent their nat- 
ural appearance. 

TAX'I-DER-iMY, n. [Gr. ra},is and Septta.] The art of pre- 
paring and preserving the skins of animals for cabinets, so 
as to represent their natural appearance. 

TAXING, ppr. Imposing a tax ; assessing; accusing. 

TAXING, n. The act of laying a tax; taxation. 

TAX-ON'O-MY, n. [Gr. rati and vouo?.] 1. That depart- 
ment of natural history which treats of the laws and prin- 
ciples of classification. 2. The laws and principles of clas- 
sification. 

TAX'OR, n. In the University of Cambridge. England, an 
officer appointed to regulate the assize of bread, the true 
gauge of weights, &c. — Cam. Cal. 

TEA (tee), n. [Chinese tcha or tha ; Grosier. Russ. tshai ; Sp. 
te : It. te ; Fr. the.] 1. The leaves of the tea-tree as dried 
and imported ; as, black tea ; green tea. 2. A decoction 
or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water. 3. Any infu- 
sion or decoction of vegetables ; as, sage tea, &c. 

TEA, v. i. To take or drink tea. — Halliwell. [Various dia- 
lects of England.] 

TeA'-BoARD, n. [tea and board.] A board to put tea fur- 
riture on. 

TeA'-€AN-IS-TER n. [tea and canister.] A canister or box 
in which tea is kept. 

Te A'-€UP, n. A small cup in which tea is drank. 

TeA'-DeAL-ER, n. A merchant who sells teas. 

TeA'-DRINK-ER, n. One who drinks much tea. 

TeA'-PLANT,». The tea-tree, a shrub which produces tea. 

TeA'-POT, n. A vessel with a spout, in which tea is made, 
and from which it is poured into tea-cups. 

TeA'-SAU-CER a. [tea and saucer.] A small 6aucer in 
which a tea-cup is set 

TeA'-SPOON, n. [tea and spoon.] A small spoon used in 
drinking tea and coffee. 

TeA'-Ta-BLE, n. [tea and table.] A table on which tea fur- 
niture is set, or at which tea is drank. 

TEA'-TREE, n. [tea and tree.] The shrub or plant, camel- 
lia thea, that produces the leaves which are imported and 
called tea. 
TeA'-URN, n. A vessel in the form of a vase, for supplying 

heated water for tea. — Encyc. of Horn. Econ. 
i'EACH (teech), v. t. ; pret. and pp. taught. [Sax. tacan ; L. 
doceo : Ir. deachtaim ; Gaelic deachdam.] 1. To instruct ; 
to inform ; to communicate to another the knowledge of 
that of which he was before ignorant. 2. To deliver any 
doctrine, art, principles, or words for instruction. 3. To 
tell; to give intelligence. 4. To instruct or to practice 
the business of an Instructor ; to use or follow the em- 
oloyment of a preceptor. 5. To show ; to exhibit so as 
to impress on the mind. 6. To accustom; to make fa- 
miliar. 7. To inform or admonish ; to give previous no- 



tice t o. 8. To suggest to the mind. 9. To signify or give 
notice. 10. To counsel and direct. — Hob., ii. 

TeACH (teech), v. i. To practice giving instruction; to 
perform the business of a preceptor. 

TeACH (teech), n [Ir., Gaelic ttagham.] In sugar-works. 
the last boiler. — Edwards, W. Indies. 

TeACHA-BLE (teech'a-bl), a. That may be taught ; apt to 
learn ; also, readilv receiving instiuction ; docile. — Watts. 

TeACHA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being capable of 
receiving instruction ; more generally, a willingness or 
readiness to be informed and instructed; docility; apt- 
ness to learn. 

TeACH'ER, v. 1. One who teaches or instructs. 2. An 
instructor; a preceptor; a tutor. 3. One who instructs 
others in religion ; a preacher ; a minister of the Gospel. 
4. One who preaches without regular ordination. 

TEACHING, ppr. Instructing; informing. 

TeACH'ING, n. 1. The act or business of instructing. 2. 
Instruction. 

TeACH'LESS, a. Unteachable ; indocile.— Shelley. 

tTEDEi"' t L - t<£ da.] A torch; a flambeau.— Spenser. 

TE AGUE (teeg), n. An Irishman. — Johnson ; [in contempt.] 

TEAK, V 7i. A tree of the East Indies, tectonia grandis, 

TEEK, 5 which furnishes an abundance of valuable ship 
timber. 

TeAL (teel), n. [D. taling.] A web-footed water -fowl, near 
ly allied to the common duck, but smaller. 

TeAM (teem), n. [Sax. team, offspring.] 1. Two or more 
horses, oxen, or other beasts harnessed together to the 
same vehicle for drawing. 2. Any number passing in a 
line ; a long line. — Dryden ; [rare.] 

TeAM, v. t. To join together in a team. — Spenser. 

TeAM'STER, n. [team and ster.] One who drives a team 

TeAM'-W6RK (teem'-wurk), n. [team and work.] "Work 
done by a team, as distinguished from personal labor. 
[New England.] 

TEAR (teer), n. [Gaelic dear, deur ; Goth, tagr, contracted 
in Sax. tear.] 1. Tears are the limpid fluid secreted by 
the lachrymal gland, and appearing in the eyes, or flowing 
from them. 2. Something in the form of a transparent 
drop of fluid matter. 

TEaR (tare), v. t. ; pret. tore ; pp. torn ; old pret. tare, obs 
[Sax. tieran ; Russ. deru ; Sw. tara ; Dan. tarer ; D. teeren , 
G. zshren.] 1. To separate by violence or pulling ; to rend ; 
to lacerate. 2. To wound ; to lacerate. 3. To rend ; to 
break ; to form fissures by any violence. 4. To divide 
by violent measures ; to shatter ; to rend. 5. To pull 
with violence. 6. To remove by violence ; to break up. 
7. To make a violent rent. — To tear from, to separate and 
take away by force. — To tear off, to pull off by violence ; 
to strip. — To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence. — 
To tear up, to rip up ; to remove from a fixed state by 
violence. • 

TEaR (tare), v. i. To rave ; to rage ; to rant ; to move and 
act with turbulent violence, as a mad bull. — L' Estrange. 

TEaR (tare), n. A rent; a fissure. [Little used.] 

TeAR'-FALL-ING (teer'-), a. Shedding tears ; tender. 

TeAR'-FILLED, a. Filled with tears.— Eraser. 

TEaR'ER (tarer), n. 1. One who tears or rends any thing. 
2. One who rages or raves with violence. 

Te AR'FUL (teer 7 -), a. [tear andfull] Abounding with tears ; 
weeping ; shedding tears ; as, tearful eyes. — Shak. 

TEIR'ING (tkr'ing), ppr. Rending; pulling apart; lacerating. 

TEARLESS (teer'-), a. Shedding no tears ; without tears ; 
unfeeling. — Sandys. 

TeASE, v. t. [Sax. tasan.] 1. To comb or card, as wool or 
flax. 2. To scratch, as cloth in dressing, for the purpose 
of raising a nap. 3. To vex with importunity or imperti 
nence ; to vex by petty requests, or by jests and raillery. 
— Syn. To harass ; annoy ; disturb ; irritate ; plague ; tor- 
ment ; mortify ; tantalize ; chagrin. 

TEASED (teezd), pp. 1. Carded. 2. Vexed ; irritated or 
annoyed. 

TeA'SEL (tee'zl), n. [Sax. tasl] 1. A plant of the genus 
dipsacus, the heads or burs of which are employed in 
dressing woolen cloth. 2. The bur of the plant 

TEA'SELT(te'zl), v. t. To cut and gather teasels. 

Te A'SEL-EP h n. One who uses the teasel for raising a nap 
on cloth. — Kelham. 

Te A'SEL-ING, ppr. Gathering teasels ; as a noun, the cut 
ting and gathering of teasels. 

TeAS'ER (teez'er),"7i. One who teases or vexes. 

TeAS'ING, ppr. Combing ; carding ; scratching for the 
purpose of raising a nap ; vexing. 

TeAT, n. [Sax. tit, titt, as it is usually pronounced to this 
day ; G. zitze ; D. tet ; W. teth ; Corn, titi.] The project 
ing part of the female breast ; the dug of a beast ; the pap 
of a woman . the nipple. 

Te ATHE, n. The soil, manure, or fertility left on lands by 
feeding them. [Loca 1 ] 

Te ATHE, v. t. To teed and enrich by live stock. [Local.] 

TeA'ZLE, n. Teasel which see.— P. Cyc. 



DOVE :— BUI L, UNITE — AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



TEG 



1014 



TEL, 



PECH'I-LY, adv. [from techy, so written for touchy.] Peev- 
ishly ; fretfully ; frowardly. 

TECH'I-NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness.— Bp. Hall. 

TECHNIC, ) a. [L. technicus.] 1. Pertaining to art or 

TE€HNI€-AL, j the arts. — A technical word is a word that 
belongs properly or exclusively to an art. 2. Belonging 
to a particular profession. 

TECH'NIC-AL-LY, adv. In a technical manner ; according 
to the signification of terms of art. 

TECH'NIC-AL-NESS, \n. The quality or state of being 

TECH-NIC- A L'1-TY, 5 technical.— Forster. 

TECHNICS, n. The doctrine of arts in general ; such 
branches of learning as respect the arts. 

TECH-NO-LOG'IC-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to technology.— 
Beddoes. 2. Pertaining to the arts. 

TECH-NOL'O-GlST, n. One who discourses or treats of 
aits, or of the terms of art. 

TECH-NOL'O-GY, n. ]Gr. rexv>i and Aoyos.] 1. A descrip- 
tion of arts, or a treatise on the arts. 2. An explanation 
of the terms of the arts. — Crabbe. 

TECH'Y, a. [so written for touchy.] Peevish ; fretful ; irri- 
table. — Shah. [More correctly, touchy.] 

TEG-TI-BRANCH'I-ATE, a. or n. [L. tego, tectum, and 
branchia.] A term denoting an order of gastropodous 
mollusks,? having the branchia? or gills covered more or 
less by the mantle, which almost always contains in its 
thickness a small shell. — Cuvier. 

TEC-TON'IC, a. [Gr. tektovikos-] Pertaining to building. 

TEC'TRI-CeS, n. pi. [from L. tego, tectum.] The feathers 
of a bird which cover the quill feathers and other parts of 
the wing ; the coverts. — Brandc. 

TED, v. t. [W. ted and tfo.] Among farmers, to spread ; to 
turn new-mowed grass from the swath, and scatter it for 
drying.— Milton. [Local] 

TED'DED, pp. or a. Spread from the swath. — Milton. 

TED'DER, n. [W. tid ; Jr. tead, teidin ; Gaelic tead, teidin, 
teud.] 1. A rope or chain by which an animal is tied, 
that he may feed on the ground to the extent of the rope, 
and no further. 2. That by which one is restrained. 

TED'DER, v. t. 1. To tie with a tedder ; to permit to feed 
to the length of a rope or chain. 2. To restrain to certain 
limits. 

TED'DERED, pp. Tied with a tedder; restrained to cer- 
tain limits. 

TED'DING, ppr. Spreading from the swath. 

TE DE'UM, n. [L.] A hymn to be sung in churches or on 
occasions of joy ; so called from the first words, " Te 
Dcam laudamus," thee, God, we praise. 

* Te'DI-OUS, a. [Sp., It. tedioso ; L. tadium.] 1. Tiresome 

from continuance, prolixity, or slowness which causes 
prolixity. 2. Slow. — Syn. Wearisome ; fatiguing ; slug- 
gish ; dilatory ; tardy. 

* Te'DI-OUS-LY, adv. In such a manner as to weary. 

* Te'DI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Wearisomeness by length of con- 

tinuance or by prolixity. 2. Prolixity ; length. 3. Tire- 
someness ; quality of wearying. 4. Slowness that wearies. 

Te'DI-UM, n. [L. tadium.] Irksomeness ; wearisomeness. 

TEEM, v. i. [Sax. tyman, team.] 1. To bring forth, as young. 
2. To be pregnant ; to conceive ; to engender young. 3. 
To be full ; to be charged, as a breeding animal ; to be 
prolific. 4. To bring forth ; to produce, particularly in 
abundance. 

TEEM, v. t. 1. To produce ; to bring forth ; [rare.] 2. To 
pour ; [obs.] 

TEEM'ER, n. One who brings forth young. 

TEEM'FUL, a. 1. Pregnant ; prolific. 2. Brimful. 

TEEM'ING,#pr. or a. Producing young ; fruitful; prolific. 

TEEM'LESS, a. Not fruitful or prolific ; barren. 

f TEEN, n. Grief ; sorrow. — Spenser. 

i TEEN, v. t. [Sax. teonan.] To excite ; to provoke. 

TEENS, n. pi. [from teen, ten.] The years of one's age hav- 
ing the termination teen. 

TEETH, n. ; pi. of tooth, which see. — In the teeth, directly ; in 
direct opposition ; in front. 

TEETH, v. i. [from the noun.] To breed teeth. 

TEETHING, ppr. Breeding teeth ; undergoing dentition. 

TEETHING, n. The operation or process of the first growth 
of teeth, called dentition. 

TEE-To'TAL-ER, n. One pledged to entire abstinence 
from all intoxicating drinks ; a cant word formed in En- 
gland, from the initial letter of temperance and the adjec- 
tive total. Hence teetotalism and teetotal. 

TEETER, v. i. or v. t. To ride on the ends of a balanced 
plank, as children do for sport. [This word, which is 
common in America, is the same as titer, a provincial 
wordin England. -See Holloway.] 

TEE-To'TUM, n. A child's toy somewhat resembling a top, 
and twirled by the fingers. — Dickens. 

TEG, n. See Tag. 

TEG'MEN, n. ; pi. Teg'mi-na. [L.] A tegument or cover- 
ing.— Brande. 

TEG'U-LAPc, a. [L. tegula.] Pertaining to a tile; resem- 
bling a tile ; consisting of tiles. 



TEG'U-L AR-LY, adv. In the manner of tiles on a rooi 

TEGTT-MENT, n. [L. tegumentum.] I. cover or covering ' 
seldom used except in reference to the covering of a living 
body, as of the wing of an orthopterous insect. &c. 

TEG-U-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to teguments. 

TE-HEE', n. A sound made in laughing. 

TE-HEE', v. i. To laugh. [A cant word.] 

TeIL, \n. [L. tilia ; Ir. telle.] The lime-tree, other- 

TeIL'-TREE, J wise called the linden. 

TEINDS, n. pi. In Scotland, tithes. 

TEiN'O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. ravw and okottgs.] An instrument 
called also the prism telescope, formed by combining prisms 
so that the chromatic aberration of the light is corrected, 
and the linear dimensions of objects seen through them 
increased or diminished. — Brande. 

TEiNT (tint) L w. [Fr. teint] Color; tinge. See Tint. 

TEL-A-Mo'NeS, n.pl. [L., Gr.] Figures of men supporting 
entablatures, as caryatides of women. 

TEL'A-RY, a. [L. tela.] 1. Pertaining to a web. 2. Spin- 
ning webs ; as, a telary spider. — Brown ; [rare.] 

TEL'E-GRAPH (tel'e-graf ), n. [Gr. T rj\e and ypaQu.] A ma- 
chine for communicating intelligence from a distance by 
various signals. See, also, Electro-Magnetic Tele 
graph. 

TEL'E-GRAPH, v. t. To convey or announce by telegraph. 

TEL-E-GRAPHIC. a. 1. Pertaining to the telegraph ; made 
by a telegraph. 2. Communicated by a telegraph. 

TEL-E-GRAPHTC-AL-LY, adv. By the telegraph. 

TEL-EG'RA-PHY, n. The art or practice of communicating 
intelligence by a telegraph. 

TE-LE-O-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to teleology. 

TE-LE-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. te\os and Aoyoj.] The science of 
the final causes of things. 

TE-LE-O-SAU'RUS, n. [Gr. teXeios, perfect, complete, and 
aavpa, a lizard.] A genus of fossil saurians, with long and 
narrow snouts. — St. Hilaire. [ Teleosaur is also used.] 

TEL-E-PHON'I€, a. [Gr. ttjXc and (potvn-] Far sounding ; 
that propels sound a great distance. 

TEL'E-SCOPE, n. [Fr., from Gr. rpXs or rnXoi, and okotteio ; 
It., Sp. telescopio.] An optical instrument employed in 
viewing distant objects, as the heavenly bodies. Its es- ( 
sential parts are the object-glass or speculum, and the eye- 
glass. In the reflecting telescope the image is formed by a 
concave speculum ; in the refracting telescope by an ob- 
ject-glass. The Galilean telescope, used by Galileo, who 
invented the instrument, is a refracting telescope, in which 
the eye-glass is a concave instead of a convex lens. The 
Gregorian telescope is a reflecting telescope of the form in- 
vented by James Gregory, of Edinburgh, in which two con- 
cave mirrors are combined. This has, for the most part, 
given place to the Herschelian telescope, invented by Sir 
William Herschel, which has only one speculum, by means 
of which an image of the object is formed near one side 
of the open end of the tube, and to this the eye-glass is ap- 
plied directly. The Newtonian telescope is a reflecting tel- 
escope of the form invented by Sir Isaac Newton, in which 
the image is reflected by a plane mirror to the eye through 
one side of the tube, where it is viewed by the eye-glass. 
— Olmsted. 

TEL'E-SCOPE-SHELL, n. In conchology, a species of tur- 
bo, with plane, striated, and numerous spires. 

TEL-E-S€OP'IC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to a telescope ; per- 

TEL-E-SCOPTC-AL, j formed by a telescope. 2. Seen or 
discoverable only by a telescope. 

TEL-E-S€OP'I€-AL-LY, adv. By the telescope. 

TE-Le'SIA, n. Sapphire.— Ure. 

TEL'ESM, n. [Ar.] A kind of amulet or magical charm. 

TEL-ES-MATIC, \ a. Pertaining to telesms ; magicaL 

TEL-ES-MAT'IC-AL, j —Gregory. 

TE-LES'TICH, n. [Gr. teXoS and arixoi-] A poem in which 
the final letters of the lines make a name. 

TEL'IC, a. [Gr. teXos, end.] Denoting the final end or pur- 
pose. Thus \va, bnws, &c, when translated, "in order 
that," are said to be telic, as distinguished from their ecbat- 
ic use, when they denote " so that." — Gibbs. 

TELL, v. t. ; pret. and pp. told. [Sax. tellan; G.zahlen; D. 
tellen ; Dan. taler.] 1. To utter ; to express in words ; to 
communicate to others. 2. To relate ; to narrate ; to re- 
hearse particulars. 3. To teach ; to inform ; to make 
known ; to show by words. 4. To discover ; to disclose ; 
to betray. 5. To count ; to number. 6. To relate in con- 
fession; to confess or acknowledge. 7. To publish. 8. 
To unfold ; to interpret ; to explain. — Ezek., xxiv. 9. To 
make excuses. 10. To make known. 11. To discover , 
to find ; to discern. — Tell, though equivalent, in some re- 
spects, to speak and say, has not always the same applica- 
tion. We say, to tell this, that, or what, to tell a story, to 
tell a word, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, to 
tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing ; but we never 
say, to tell a speech, discourse, or oration, or to tell an ar- 
gument or a lesson. It is much used in commands ; as. 
tell me the whole story ; tell me all you know, or all that 
was said. Tell has frequently the sense of narrate ; which 



See Synopsis A E T, &c, long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



TEM 



1015 



TEM 



speak and soy have not — To tell off, is to count or divide. 
Walter Scott. — Syn. To communicate ; impart ; reveal : 
disclose ; inform ; acquaint ; report ; repeat ; rehearse ; 
recite. 

TELL, v. i. 1. To give an account ; to make report. 2. 
To take or produce effect ; as, every shot tells ; every 
expression tells.— To tell of, or to tell on, [vulgar,] to in- 
form. 

TELL'-TaLE, a. Telling tales ; babbling.— Shak. ' 

TELL'-TaLE, n. [tell and tale.] 1. One who officiously 
communicates information of the private concerns of in- 
dividuals. 2. A movable piece of ivory or lead on a cham- 
oer organ, that gives notice when the wind is exhausted. 
— 3. In seamanship, a small piece of wood traversing in a 
groove across the front of the poop deck, and which, by 
communicating with a small barrel on the axis of the 
steering wheel, indicates the position or situation of the 
helm. — Mar. Diet. 

TELL'ER, n. 1. One who tells, relates, or communicates 
the knowledge of something. 2. One who numbers. — 3. 
In the Exchequer of England there are four officers, called 
■ tellers, whose business is to receive all moneys due to the 
crown ; anciently written tallier. 4. An officer of a bank, 
who receives and pays money on checks. 

l'ELL'ER-SHIP, n. The office or employment of a teller. 

TEL-Ll'NA, n. A genus of bivalve mollusks, having shells 
rather thin and delicate. 

TELLING, ppr. Uttering ; relating ; disclosing ; counting. 

I- TEL'LI-NiTE, n. A fossil bivalve shell of the genus tel- 
lina. 

TEL'LU-RAL, a. [L. tellus.] Pertaining to the earth. 

TEL'LU-RATE, n. A compoimd of telluric acid and a base. 

TEL'LU-RET-ED, a. Tellureted hydrogen is hydrogen com- 
bined with tellurium in a gaseous form. — Ure. 

TEL-Lu'RIC, a. [L. tellus, the earth.] Pertaining to the 
earthy or proceeding from the earth. 

fEL-Lu'RI€ ACID, w An acid composed of one equiva- 
lent of tellurium and three of oxygen. 

TEL-Lu'RI-ON, n. An instrument for showing the opera- 
tion of the causes which produce the succession of day 
and night and the changes of the seasons. — Francis. 

PEL'LU-RlTE, n. A compound of tellurous acid and a base. 

f EL-Lu'RI-UM, n. A metal discovered by Miller in 1782, 
combined with gold and silver in the ores. It is a brittle 
metal, of a tin- white eclor, easily fusible, and nearly as 
heavy as zinc. 

TEL'LU-ROUS ACID, n. An acid composed of one equiv- 
alent of_tellurium and three of oxygen. 

TEM-E-Ra'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. temeraire ; L. temerarius.] 1. 
Rash ; headstrong ; despising danger. 2. Careless ; heed- 
less ; done at random. 

TEM-E-Ra'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Rashly ; with excess of bold- 
ness. — Swift. 

TE-MER'I-TY, n. [L. temeritas.] 1. Unreasonable contempt 
of danger. 2. Extreme boldness. Cowley.— Sys. Rash- 
ness; precipitancy; heedlessness. 

TEM'IN, n. A money of account in Algiers, equivalent to 
29 aspers, about 3 cents, or l£d. sterling. — Edin. Encyc. 

TEM'PER. v. t. [L. tempero ; It. temperare ; Sp. templar ; Fr. 
tempercr.] 1. To mix so that one part qualifies the other ; 
to bring to a moderate state. 2. To compound ; to form 
by mixture ; to qualify, as by an ingredient. 3. To unite 
in due proportion ; to render symmetrical ; to adjust, as 
parts to each other. 4. To accommodate ; to modify. 5. 
To reduce any violence or excess ; as, to temper the pas- 
sions. 6. To form to a proper degree of hardness. 7. To 
govern ; [a Latinism ; obs.] — 8. In music, to modify or 
amend a false or imperfect concord by transferring to it 
a part of the beauty of a perfect one, that is, by dividing 
the tones. — Syn. To soften ; mollify ; assuage ; soothe ; 
calm. 

TEM'PER, n. 1. Due mixture of different qualities ; or the 
state of any compound substance which results from the 
mixture of various ingredients. 2. Constitution of body. 
3. The state or constitution of the mind, particularly with 
regard to the passions and aft'ections. 4. Calmness of 
mind ; moderation. 5. Heat of mind or passion ; irrita- 
tion. 6. The state of a metal, particularly as to its hard- 
ness. 7. Middle course ; mean or medium. Swift. — 8. In 
sugar-works, white lime or other substance stirred into a 
clarifier filled with cane-juice, to neutralize the supera- 
bundant acid. Edwards, W. Indies— Syn. Disposition ; 
temperament ; frame ; humor ; mood. 

TEM'PER- A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. temperamentum.] 1. Con- 
stitution ; state with respect to the predominance of any 
quality. 2. Medium ; due mixture of different qualities. 
—3. In music, temperament is an operation which, by means 
of a slight alteration in the intervals, causes the difference 
between two contiguous sounds to disappear, and makes 
each of them appear identical with the other. 
TEM-PER-A-MENT'AL, a. Constitutional.— Brown. [Rare.] 
TEM'PER- ANCE, ra. [Fr. ; L.temperantia.] 1. Moderation ; 
sobriety; particularly, habitual moderation in regard to 

dove7 



the indulgence of the natural appetites and passion* r 
strained or moderate indulgence. 2. Patiance ; calm 
ness ; sedateness ; moderation of passion ; [unusual.] 

TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. temperatus.] 1. Moderate ; not ex 
cessive. 2. Moderate in the indulgence of the appetites 
and passions. 3. Not marked with passion ; not violent 
4. Proceeding from temperance. 5. Free from ardent 
passion. — Temperate zone, in geography, the name of those 
parts of the earth between the tropics and the polar cir- 
cles, not as cold as the frigid zones, nor as hot as the tor 
rid zone. — Syn. Abstruent ; abstemious ; sober ; calm : 
cool; sedate. 

TEM'PER- ATE-L Y, adv. 1. Moderately ; without excess or 
extravagance. 2. Calmly ; without violence of passion 
3. With moderate force. 

TEM'PER-ATE-NESS, n. 1. Moderation ; freedom from 
excess. 2. Calmness ; coolness of mind. 

TEM'PER- A-TIVE, a. Having the power or quality of tem- 
pering. 

TEM'PER- A-TURE, n. [Fr. ; L. temperatura.] 1. In phys 
ics, the state of a body with regard to heat or cold, as in- 
dicated by the thermometer ; or the degree of free cal- 
oric which a body possesses when compared with other 
bodies. 2. Constitution ; state ; degree of any quality. 3. 
Moderation ; freedom from immoderate passions ; [obs.] 

TEM'PERED, pp. or a. 1. Duly mixed or modified ; re- 
duced to a proper state ; softened ; allayed ; hardened. 2 
Adjusted by musical temperament. 3. a. Disposed. 

TEM'PER-ING, ppr. Mixing and qualifying ; qualifying by 
mixture ; softening ; mollifying ; hardening. 

TEM'PEST, n. [Fr. tempete ; L. tempestas ; Sp. tempestad ; 
It. tempesta.] 1. An extensive current of wind, rushing 
with great velocity and violence, and commonly attended 
with rain, hail, or snow ; a storm of extreme violence. — We 
usually apply the word to a violent storm of considerable 
duration ; but we say, also, of a tornado, it blew a tempest. 
The currents of wind are named, according to their re- 
spective degrees of force or rapidity, a breeze, a gale, e 
storm, a tempest, a hurricane ; but gale is also used as syn- 
onymous with storm, and storm with tempest. Gust is 
usually applied to a sudden blast of short duration. 2. A 
violent tumult or commotion. 3. Perturbation ; violent 
atritation. 

TEM'PEST, v. t. To disturb as by a tempest.— Milton. [Lit 
tie used.] 

TEM'PEST, v. i. [Fr. tempester; It. tempestare.] 1. To storm 
— Sandys. 2. To pour a tempest on. — Ben Jonson. 

TEMTEST-BEAT-.EN, a. [tempest and beat.] Beaten or 
shattered with storms. — Dryden. 

TEM'PEST-TOST, a. Tossed about by tempests. 

TEM-PEST'IVE, a. Seasonable. 

t TEM-PEST-IV'I-TY, n. [L. tempestivus.] Seasonableness. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS (tem-pest'yu-us), a. [Sp. tempestuoso ; It. 
tempestoso ; Fr. tempe.tueux.] 1. Very stormy ; turbulent ; 
rough with wind. 2. Blowing with violence. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS-LY, adv. With great violence of wind 
or great commotion ; turbulently. — Milton. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS-NESS, n. Storminess ; the state of 
being tempestuous or disturbed by violent winds. 

TEM'PLAR, n. [from the Temple, a house near the Thames, 
which originally belonged to the knights Templars. The 
latter took their denomination from an apartment of the 
palace of Baldwin II. in Jerusalem, near the temple.] 1. A 
student of the law. Pope. — 2. Templars, knights of the 
Temple, a religious military order, first established at Je- 
rusalem in favor of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. 

TEM'PLATE, n. See Templet. 

TEM'PLE (tem'pl), n. [Fr. ; L. templum ; It. tempio ; Sp. tern 
plo.] 1. A public edifice erected in honor of some deity 
That erected by Solomon, in Jerusalem, for the worship 
of God, is often called, by way of eminence, the temple. 
2. A church; an edifice erected among Christians as a 
place of public worship. 3. A place in which the Divine 
presence specially resides ; the Church, as a collective 
body. Eph.,\\. — 4. la. England, the Temple consists of two 
inns of court, thus called because anciently the dwellings 
of the knights Templars. 

TEM'PLE, n. [L. tempus, tempora.] 1. Literally, the fall of 
the head ; the part where the head slopes from the top.— 
2. In anatomy, the anterior and lateral part of the head. 
where the skull is covered by the temporal muscles. 

TEM'PLE, v. t. To build a temple for; to appropriate a 
temple to. — Feltham. [Little used.] 

TEM'PL ED, a. Furnished with a temple ; inclosed in a 
temple. 

TEM'PLET, n. 1. In masonry, a mold used by bricklayers 
and masons in cutting or setting out their work. 2. A mold 
used by mill-wrights for shaping the teeth of wheels. 3 
A short piece of timber under a girder or other beam. 
Brande. 

TEM'PO, n. [It] In music, time. — Brande. 

TEM'PO-RAL, a. [Fr. temporel ; L. temporalis.] 1. Pertain 
ing to this life, or this world, or the body only ; secular 



BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



TEN 



1016 



TEN 



3, Measured or limited by time, or by this life or this state 
of things ; having limited existence.— 3. In grammar, relat- 
ing to a tense ; as, a temporal augment. 4. [Fr. temporal] 
Pertaining to the temple or temples of the head. 

fEM-PO-RAL'I-TIES, 1 n. pi. Secular possessions ; reve- 

rEM'PO-RALS, 5 nues °f an ecclesiastic proceeding 

from lands, tenements, or lay-fees, tithes, and the like. 

TEM'PO-RAL-LY, adv. With respect to time or this life 
only. — South. 

t TEM'PO-RAL-NESS, n. Worldliness. 

TEM'PO-RAL-TY, n. 1. The laity; secular people; [little 
used.] 2. Secular possessions. 

TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Temporary. [Little used.] 

TEM'PO-RA, O Mo'RES. [L.] O the times, O the 
manners. 

TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, adv. For a time only ; not perpetually. 

TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being temporary. 

TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. temporarius.] Lasting for a time 
only ; existing or continuing for a limited time. — Syn. 
Transient; fleeting: transitory. 

TEM-PO-RI-ZaTION, n. The act of temporizing. 

TEM'PO-RlZE, v. i. [Fr. temporiser.] 1. To comply with 
the time or occasion ; to humor or yield to the current 
of opinion or to circumstances. 2. To delay ; to procras- 
tinate ; [rare] 3. To comply ; [obs.] 

TEM'PO-RlZ-ER, n. One who yields to the time, or com- 
plies with the prevailing opinions, fashions, or occasions ; 
a trimmer. — Shak. 

TEM'PO-RIZ-ING, ppr. or a. Complying with the time, or 
with the prevailing humors and opinions of men ; time- 
serving. 

TEM'PO-RIZ-ING, n. A yielding to the time ; a complying 
with the prevailing opinions, fashions, or occasions. — Hol- 
land. 

TEMTO-RlZ-ING-LY, adv. In a temporizing manner. 

TEMPT, v. t. [Arm. tempti; L. tento ; Fr. tenter; It. tcntare; 
Sp. tentar.] 1. To solicit to an evil act ; to incite to some- 
thing wrong by presenting arguments that are plausible 
or convincing, or by the otter of some pleasure or appar- 
ent advantage as the inducement. 2. To provoke ; to in- 
cite. 3. To solicit ; to draw. 4. To try ; to venture on ; 
to attempt. — 5. In Scripture, to try ; to prove ; to put to 
trial for proof. — Syn. To entice ; allure ; attract ; decoy ; 
seduce. 

TEMPTA-BLE, a. L lable to be tempted.— Swift. 

i'EMPT-A'TION, n. 1 The act of tempting ; enticement to 
evil. 2. Solicitation of the passions ; enticements to evil 
proceeding from the prospect of pleasure or advantage. 

3. The state of being tempted or enticed to evil. 4. Tnal. 
5. That which is presented to the mind as an inducement 
to evil. — 6. In colloquial language, an allurement to any 
thing inditterent, or even good. 

TEMPT- A'TION-LESS, a. Having no temptation or motive. 

— Hammond. [Little used.] 
TEMPTED, pp. Enticed to evil ; provoked ; tried. 
TEMPTER, n. 1. One who solicits or entices to evil. 2. 

The great adversary of man ; the devil. — Matt., iv. 
TEMPTING, ppr. 1. Enticing to evil ; trying. 2. a. Adapt- 
ed to entice or allure ; attractive. 
TEMPT'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to entice to evil ; so as 

to allure. 
TEMPT'ING-NESS, n. The state of being tempting. 
TEMPTRESS, n. A female who entices. 
TEMSE, n. A sieve. [Sometimes written terns and lempse.] 
TEMSE'-BREAD (teras'-bred), \n. [Fr. tamiser ; It. tam- 
TEMS.ED'-BReAD (temst'-bred), $ isare.] Bread made 

of flour better sifted than common flour. 
\ TEM'U-LENCE, \n, [L. tcmulentia.] Intoxication; in- 
f TEM'U-LEN-CY, 5 cbriation ; drunkenness, 
t TEM'U-LENT, a. [L. temulentus.] Intoxicated. 
I TEM'U-LENT-lVE, a. Drunken ; in a state of inebriation. 
TEN, a. [Sax. tyn ; D. tien ; Ger. zehn ; Dan. tie ; Sw. tio.] 

1. Twice five ; nine and one. 2. It is a kind of proverbial 

number ; many. 
* TENA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be held, maintained, or 

defended against an assailant, or against attempts to take it. 

TEN-A-Bnvi!r? S ' \ n - The Btate of being tenable - 
TENACE, n. In whist, the state of holding the first and 

third best cards. — Smart. 
TF-NA'CIOUS (te-na'shus), a. [L. tenax ; Fr. tenace.] 1. 
Holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; inclined to retain 
what is in possession. 2. Retentive ; apt to retain long 
what is committed to it. 3. Adhesive ; apt to adhere to 
another substance, as oily, glutinous, or viscous matter. 

4. Niggardly ; close-fisted. 

TE-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With a disposition to hold fast 

what is possessed. 2. Adhesively. 3. Obstinately ; with 

firm adherence. 
TE-Na'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of holding fast ; 

unwillingness to quit, resign, or let go. 2. Adhesiveness ; 

stickiness. 3. Retentiveness. 



1. Adhesiveness ; that quality of bodies which makeo 
them stick or adhere to others ; glutinousness ; stickiness. 

2. That quality of bodies which keeps them from parting, 
without considerable force ; cohesiveness, 

TE-NACU-LUM, n. [L.] A surgical instrument by which 
the mouths of bleeding arteries are seized and drawn out 

t TENA-CY, n. Tenaciousness. — Barrow. 

TE-NaILLE', n. [Fr. tenaille.] In fortification, a rampart 
raised in the main ditch, in front of the curtain, between 
two bastions, having two faces parallel to those of the bas- 
tions, and often a third face, which forms a curtain. — P. 
Cyc._ 

TE-NaIL'LON (te-nal'yun), n. In fortification, tenaillons are 
works constructed on each side of the ravelins, like tha 
lunets, to increase the strength of the ravelins, procure 
additional ground beyond the ditch, or cover the shoul 
ders of the bastions. — P. Cyc. 

TEN'AN-CY, n. [Sp. tenencia ; Fr. tenant; L. tenens.] In 
law, a holding or possession of lands or tenements ; tenure. 

TEN'ANT, n. [Fr. tenant ; L. teneo.] 1. A person holding 
land or other real estate under another, either by grant, 
lease, or at will. 2. One who has possession of any place ; 
a dweller. — Tenant in capite, or tenant in chief, by the laws 
of England, is one who holds immediately of the king. 

TEN'ANT, v. t. To hold or possess as a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-SAW. See Tenon-saw. 

TEN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Fit to be rented ; in a state of repali 
suitable for a tenant. 

TENANT-ED, pp. Held by a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-ING, ppr. Holding as a tenant. 

TENANT-LESS, a. Having no tenant ; unoccupied. 

TEN'ANT-RY, n. 1. The body of tenants. 2. Tenancy , 
jobs.] 

TENCH, n. [Fr. tenche; Sp. tenca; L. tinea.] A European 
fresh-water fish, of the carp family, very tenacious of life. 

TEND, v. t. [contracted from attend; L. attendo.] 1. To 
watch ; to guard ; to accompany as an assistant or pro- 
tector. 2. To hold and take care of. 3. To be attentive 
to. — 4. To tend a vessel, is to cause her to swing, at single 
anchor, so as not to foul the cable round the stock or 
flukes of the anchor. — Totten. 

TEND, v. i. [L. tendo ; Fr. tendre; It. tendere.] 1. To move 
in a certain direction. 2. To be directed to any end or 
purpose; to aim at; to have or give a leaning. 3. To 
contribute. 4. [for attend.] To attend ; to wait as attend- 
ants or servants ; [colloquial.] 5. To attend as something 
inseparable ; [obs.] 6. To wait ; to expect ; [obs.] 

t TEND'ANCE, n. 1. Attendance ; state of expectation 
2. Persons attending. 3. Act of waiting ; attendance 
4. Care ; act of tending. 

TEND'ED, pp. Attended to ; taken care of ; nursed. 

TEND'EN-CY, n. [from tend; L. tendens.] Direction or 
course toward any place, object, effect, or result. — Syn. 
Inclination ; tendency ; proneness ; drift ; scope ; aim. 

TEND'ER, n. 1. One who attends or takes care of; a nurse. 
2. A small vessel employed to attend a larger one, for sup- 
plying her with provisions and other stores, or to convey 
intelligence, and the like. — 3. On rail-roads, a car which 
attends on the locomotive, to supply the fuel.— 4. [Fr. ten- 
dre.] In law, an offer, either of money to pay a debt, or 
of service to be performed, in order to save a penalty or 
forfeiture which would be incurred by non-payment or 
non-performance. 5. Any offer for acceptance. 6. The 
thing ottered. 7. Regard ; kind concern ; [obs.] 

TEND'ER, v. t. [Fr. tendre ; L. tendo.] 1. To offer in words , 
or to exhibit or present for acceptance. 2. To hold ; to 
esteem ; [obs.] 3. To offer in payment or satisfaction of a 
demand, for saving a penalty or forfeiture. 
TENDER, a. [Fr. tendre ; It. tenero ; Port, tenro.] 1. Easily 
impressed, broken, bruised, or injured ; not firm or hard, 
as plants. 2. Very sensible to impression and pain ; easily 
pained. 3. Not hardy or able to endure hardship, as fe- 
males. 4. Weak ; feeble ; as, tender age. 5. Young and 
carefully educated. — Prov., iv. 6. Susceptible of the softer 
passions, as love, compassion, kindness. 7. Easily excited 
to pity, forgiveness, or favor. 8. Exciting kind concern. 
9. Expressive of the softer passions. 10. Careful to save 
inviolate, or not to injure. 11. Gentle ; mild ; unwilling to 
pain. 12. Apt to give pain. 13. Adapted to excite feeling 
or sympathy: pathetic. — Syn. Delicate; ett'eminate ; soft, 
compassionate ; kind ; humane ; merciful ; pitiful. 
TEN'DER-HEaRT'ED, a. 1. Having great sensibility ; sus 
ceptible of impressions or influence. 2. Very susccptibu 
of the softer passions of love, pity, or kindness. 
TEN'DER-HEaRTED-LY, adv. With tender affection. 
TEN'DER-HEaRTED-NESS, n. Susceptibility of the soft 

er passions. 
TEN'DER-HEFT-ED, a. Having great tenderness.— Shak. 
TEN'DER-LOIN, n. A tender part of flesh in the hind 

quarter of beef; the psoas muscle. 
TEN'DER-MOUTHED, a. Having a tender mouth. 
TEND'ER-ED, pp. Ottered for acceptance. 



TE-NAC'I-TY (te-nas'e-te), n. [Fr. tenacite ; L. tenacitas.] I TEND'ER-ING, ppr. Offering forjxeceptance. 

* See Synovsis. I, E T &c, long.— a, E, I &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY j— MARINE, BIRD ,— MOVE, BOOK." 



TEN 



1017 



TEN 



TEN'DER-LING, n. 1. A fondling ; one made tender by 
too much kindness. 2. The first horns of a deer. 

TEN'DER-LY, adv. 1. With tenderness ; mildly ; gently ; 
softly ; in a manner not to injure or give pain. 2. Kindly ; 
with pity or affection. 

TEN'DER-NESS, n. 1. The state of being tender or easily 
broken, bruised, or injured ; softness ; brittleness. 2. The 
state of being easily hurt ; soreness. 3. Susceptibility of 
the softer passions ; sensibility. 4. Kind attention ; anxie- 
ty for the good of another, or to save him from pain. 5. 
Scrupulousness ; caution ; extreme care or concern not 
to give or to commit offense. 6. Cautious care to pre- 
serve or not to injure. 7. Softness of expression ; pathos. 
— Syn. Benignity ; humanity ; benevolence ; kindness ; 
pity ; clemency. 

TEND'ERS, n. pi. Proposals for performing a service. 

TEND'ING, ppr. Having a certain direction ; taking care of. 

TENDING, ii. 1. The act of attending. — 2. In seamen's 
language, a swinging round or movement of a ship upon 
her anchor. 

TENTJIN-OUS, a. [Fr. tendineux ; It. tendinoso.] 1. Per- 
taining to a tendon ; partaking of the nature of tendons. 
2. Full of tendons ; sinewy. 

* TEND'MENT, n. Attendance ; caxe.—Hall. 
TEN'DON, n. [L. tendo ; Gr. revuv.] In anatomy, a hard, 

insensible cord or bundle of fibres, by which a muscle is 
attached to a bone. 

TEN'DRAC, ~) n. The name of three small insectivorous 

TEN'REC, V quadrupeds, allied to the hedgehog, and 

TAN'REC, ) found in Madagascar and the Isle of France. 

TENDRIL, n. [Fr. tendron.] A slender, twining part by 
which a plant attaches itself to something for support. It 
is, in most cases, a peculiar modification of the petiole, 
though sometimes, as in the vine, of the inflorescence. — 
Lindley. 

TEN'DRIL, a. Clasping ; climbing, as a tendril. 

TEND'RY, n. Proposal to acceptance ; tender. — Heylin. 

TEND'SoME (ten'sum). a. Requiring much attendance. 

TEN'E-BROUS, > a. [L. tenebrosusA Dark ; gloomy.— 

TE-Ne'BRI-OUS, S Young. 

TEN'E-BROUS-NESS, ? ^ , , 

TEN-E-BROS'I-TY, \ n - Darkness; gloom. 

TEN'E-MENT, n. [Fr. ; Low L. tenementum.] 1. In common 
acceptation, a house ; a building for a habitation ; or an 
apartment in a building, used by one family. 2. A house 
or lands depending on a manor ; or a fee farm depending 
on a superior. — 3. In law, any species of permanent prop- 
erty that may be held, as land, houses, rents, commons, an 
office, &c. 

TEN-E-MENTAL, a. Pertaining to tenanted lands ; that is 
or may be held by tenants. — Blackstone. 

TEN-E-MENTA-RY, a. That is or may be leased ; held by 
tenants. — Spelman. 

TEN'ENT, n. See Tenet. 

(■ TE-NER'I-TY, n. Tenderness. 

TE-NES'MUS, n. [L.] An urgent, distressing, and almost 
painful sensation, as if a discharge from the intestines 
must take place immediately ; always referred to the 
lower extremity of the rectum. 

* TEN'ET, n. [L. tenet, he holds.] That which a person 
firmly believes or maintains as a part of his creed.— Syn. 
Doctrine ; opinion ; principle ; dogma ; position. 

TEN'FoLD, a. [ten and fold.] Ten times more. 

TEN'NANT-lTE, n. [from Smithson Tennant.] A blackish, 
lead-gray ore of copper, from Cornwall, consisting of cop- 
per, iron, arsenic, and sulphur. — Dana. 

TE'NI-OID, a. A term applied to a family of parenchyma- 
tous entozoa, comprising what are commonly called tape- 



TEN'NIS, n. A play, in which a ball is driven continually 

or kept in motion by rackets. 
TEN'NIS, v.t. To drive a ball.— Spenser. 
TEN'NIS-CoURT, n. A place or court for playing the game 

of tennis. — Rich. Diet. 
TEN'NIS ED (ten'ist). pp Driven, as a ball. 
TEN'NIS-ING, ppr. Driving, as a ball. 
TEN'ON, n. [Fr.] In building and cabinet work, the end of 

a piece of timber, reduced in its dimensions, so as to be 

fitted into a mortise. 
TEN'ON-SAW, n. A saw with a brass or steel back, for 

cutting tenons.— Gwilt. 
TEN'OR, n. [L. tenor; Fr. teneur ; It. tenore; Sp. tenor.] 

1. Continued run or currency; whole course or strain. 

2. Stamp ; character. 3. Sense contained ; purport ; sub- 
stance ; general course or drift. — 4. [Fr. tenor.] In music, 
the most common natural pitch of a man's voice in sing- 
ing, or the higher of the two kinds of voices usually be- 
longing to adult males : hence, the part of a tune adapted 
to thisvoice, the second of the four parts, reckoning from 
the base. 5. The persons who sing the tenor, or the in- 
strument that plays it. 

TE-NOT'O-MY, v. [Gr. tcvuv and ro/ir].] In surgery, the di- 
vision or the act of dividing a tendon. 



TEN'REC, n. The name of three 6mall insectivorous quad- 
rupeds, allied to the hedgehog, and found in Madagascar 
and the Isle of France. [Also written tanrec and tendrac] 

TENSE (tens), a. [L. tensus.] Stretched ; strained to stiff- 
ness ; rigid ; not lax. * 

TENSE (tens), n. [corrupted from Fr. trmps ; L. tempus.] 
In grammar, time, or a particular form of a verb, or a com 
bination of words, used to express the time of action, or 
of that which is affirmed ; or tense is an inflection of verbs 
by which they are made to signify or distinguish the time 
of actions or events. 

TENSE'LY, adv. With tension. 

TENSE'NESS (tens'nes), n. The state of being tense m 
stretched to stiffness ; stiffness. — Sharp. 

TENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The state that admits tension. 

TENS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being extended.— Bacon. 

TENS'lLE, a. Capable of extension. — Bacon. 

TEN'SION (ten'shun), n. [Fr. ; L. tensio.] 1. The act of 
stretching or straining. 2. The state of being stretched 
or strained to stiffness ; or the state of being bent or 
strained. 3. The stretching or degree of stretching to 
which a wire, cord, piece of timber, &c, is strained by 
drawing it in the direction of its length ; strain. — Gwilt. 
4. Distension. 

TENS'iVE, a. Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness, or 
contraction. 

TEN'SoME, a. See Tendsome. 

TENS'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle that extends a part 

t TEN'SURE. The same as tension. — Bacon. 

TENT, n. [W. tent; Fr. tente; Sp. tienda; L. tentorium.) 

1. A pavilion or portable lodge, consisting of canvas or 
other coarse cloth, stretched and sustained by poles ; used 
for sheltering persons from the weather, particularly sol- 
diers in camp.— 2. In surgery, a roll of lint or linen, used 
to dilate an opening in the flesh. 

TENT, n. [Sp. linto ; L. tinctus.] A kind of wine of a deep- 
red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga, in Spain. 
TENT, v. i. To lodge, as in a tent ; to tabernacle. 
TENT, v. t. 1. To probe ; to search, as with a tent. — Shak 

2. To keep open with a tent. — Wiseman. 
TENT-BED, n. A high-post bedstead, having curtains in 

an arched form above. — Encyc, of Dom. Econ. 
TENT'-W6RT, ii. A plant, of the "genus asplenium. 
TEN'TA-€LE (ten'ta-kl), n., ) [Tech. L. tentacula.] A fili- 
TEN-TACU-LA, n. pi. ) form process or organ round 

the mouth or on the bodies of various animals, as polyps, 

radiaries, mollusks, annelids, &c, used for prehension, 

touch, or locomotion. 
TEN-TAC'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to tentacles. 
TEN-TAC'U-La-TED, a. Having tentacles. 
TEN-TA-€U-LlF'ER-OUS, a. [L. tentaculum and fero, to 

bear.] Having tentacula or tentacles. — Kirby. 
TENTA6E, n. An encampment. — Drayton. [Unusual.] 
TEN-TA'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. tentalio ; tento, to try.] Trial : 

temptation. — Brown. [Little used.] 
TENT'A-TIVE, a. [Fr.] Trying ; essaying. 
TENT'A-TlVE, n. An essay ; trial.— Berkeley. 
TENT'ED, a. 1. Covered or furnished with tents, as sol- 
diers. 2. Covered with tents ; as, a tented field. 
TENT'ER, 11. [L. tendo. tentus.] A machine for stretching 

cloth, by means of hooks, called tenter-hooks. Hebert.— 

To be on the tenters, to be on the stretch ; to be in distress 
TENT'ER, v. t. To hang or stretch on tenters. 
TENT'ER, v. I To admit extension.— Bacon. 
TENT'ER-GROUND, n. Ground on which tenters are 

erected. 
TENT'ER-HOOK, n. A sharp, hooked nail, used in stretcn- 

ing cloth on the frame called tenter. 
TENT'ER-ED, pp. Stretched or hung on tenters. 
TENTER-ING, ppr. Stretching or hanging on tenters. 
TENTH, a. The ordinal of ten ; the first after the ninth. 
TENTH, n. 1. The tenth part. 2. Tithe; the tenth part 

of annual produce or increase. — 3. In music, the octave 

of the third ; an interval comprehending nine conjoint de 

grees, or ten sounds, diatonically divided. 
TENTH'LY, adv. In the tenth place, 
t TEN-TlG'IN-OUS, a. [L. tentigo.] Stiff; stretched.— Diet 
TENTING, ppr. Probing ; keeping open with a tent. 
TENTO-RY, n. [L. tentorium.] The awning of a tent. 
TEN'H-aTE, v. t. [L. tenuo.] To make thin 
TEN'U-A-TED, pp. Made thin. 
TEN'U-1-TING, ppr. Making thin. 
TEN-U-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. tenuis and folium.] Having thin 

or narrow leaves. 
TE-Nu'I-OUS, a. Rare or subtile ; opposed to dense. 
TEN-U-I-ROS'TERS, n. pi. [L. tenuis and rostmm.] A tribe 

of insessorial or perching birds, including those which 

have a long and slender bill. — Brande. 
TEN-U-I-ROS'TRAL, a. Thin-billed ; applied to birds with 

a slender bill as the humming-birds. — Swainson. 
TE-NO'I-TY, n. [Fr. tenuite ; L. tenuitas.] 1. Thinness ; 

smallness in diameter ; exility ; thinness, [applied to a 

broad substance,] and slenderness, [applied to one that it 






D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



TEE, 



1018 



TER 



tjng.\ 2. Rarity ; rareness ; thinness, aa of a fluid. 3. 
Poverty; [obs.] 

rEN'U-OUS, a. [L. tenuis.] 1. Thin; small; minute. 2. 
Rare. 

* TENURE (ten'yur), n. [Fr., from tenir ; L. teneo, to hold.] 
1. A holding or manner of holding real estate. In English 
law, the manner of holding lands and tenements of a supe- 
rior. In the United States, almost all lands are held in fee- 
simple ; not of a superior, but the whole right and title to 
the property being vested in the owner. — 2. Tenure, in 
general, is the particular manner of holding real estate. 
3. The consideration, condition, or service which the oc- 
cupier of land gives to his lord or superior for the use of 
his land. 4. Manner of holding in general. 

TE-O-GAL'LE, n. Literally, God's house; a pyramid for 
the wr'-ship of the gods among the Mexicans and other 
aborigines of America. — Humboldt. 

TEP-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. tepefacio.] The act or operation 
of warming ; making tepid or moderately warm. 

TEP'E-Fl£D (-fide), pp. Made moderately warm. 

TEP'E-FY, v. t. [L. tepefacio.] To make moderately warm. 

TEP'E-FY, v. i. To become moderately warm. 

TEPH'RA-MAN-CY (tef'ra-man-se), n. [Gr. rcfpa and pav- 
rtia.] Divination by the ashes on which the victim had 
been consumed in sacrifice. — Smart. 

TEP'ID, a. [L. tepidus.] Moderately warm ; lukewarm. 

TFP'TD NFSS } 

TF PTD'I TY ' ( n ' Moderate warmth ; lukewarmness. 

Te'POR, it. [L.] Gentle heat; moderate warmth. 

TERAPH (ter'af), n. [Heb.] Supposed by some to be an 
idol ; by others, to be a charm or amulet. — Smart. 

TERA-PHIM, ii. pi. [Heb.] Household deities or images. 

TER-A-TOL'0-GY, ii. [Gr. repaS and Xoyog.] 1. That part 
of physiology which treats of malformations and mon- 
strosities. — Brande. 2. Bombast in language ; affectation 
of sublimity. — Bailey ; [obs.] 

TERCE (ters), n. [Sp. tercia ; Fr. tiers, tierce.] A cask 
whose contents are 42 gallons -, the third of a pipe or butt. 

TERCE'-Ma-JOR, n. A sequence of the three best cards. 

TER'CEL, n. The male of the common falcon, or of any 
other species of falcon or hawk. 

TER'ClNE, 11. [L. tertius.] In botany, the outer coat of the 
nucleus of the ovule of a plant. — Lindley. 

TER'E-BINTH, n. [Fr. terebinthe.] The turpentine-tree. 

PER-E-BIN'THIN-ATE, a. Terebinthine.— Ramsay. 

fER-E-BIN'THiNE, a. [L. terebinthinus.] Pertaining to tur- 
pentine ; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its qual- 
ities. 

TER'E-BRaTE, v. t. [L. terebro.] To bore ; to perforate 
with a gimlet — Derham. [Little used.] 

TER'E-BRI-TING, ppr. or a. Boring ; perforating ; applied 
to mollusks. which form holes in l-ocks, wood, &c. — 
Humble. 

TER-E-BRI'TION, n. The act of boring.— Bacon. [Rare.] 

TER-E-BRATU-LA, n. A genus of bivalve mollusks, of the 
class brachiopoda, in which one of the valves is perforated 
for the transmission of a sort of tendinous ligament, by 
which the animal fixes itself to submarine bodies. — P. Cyc. 

f TER-E-BRATU-LlTE, n. A fossil terebratula. 

TER'E-DlNE, n. [See Teredo.] A borer ; the teredo. 

TE-Re'DO, n. [L.] A genus of acephalous testaceous mol- 
lusks, that bore submerged wood, as the bottoms of ves- 
sel &c. 

TE-ReTE', a. [L. teres.'] Cylindrical and tapering ; colum- 
nar, as some stems ot plants. 

TER-GEM'IN-AL, \ a. [L. tergeminus.] Thrice double.— 

TER-GEM'IN-ATE. 5 Martyn. 

TER-GEM'IN-OUS, a. Three-fold. 

TER-GIF'E-ROUS, a. [L. tergum and fero.] Tergiferous 
plants are such as bear their seeds on the back of their 
leaves, as ferns. 

TER'Gl-VER-SXTE (ter'je-ver-sate), v. i. [L. tergum and 
verto.] To shift ; to practice evasion. [Little used.] 

TER-GI-VER.-SXTION, n. 1. A shifting ; shift ; subterfuge ; 
evasion. 2. Change; fickleness of conduct. 

TERGUM, n. [L., the back.] In entomology, the upper sur- 
face of the abdomen. — Brande. 

TER.M, n . [Gr. repua ; Fr. terme ; It. termine ; Sp. termino ; 
L. terminus.] 1. The extremity of any thing ; that which 
limits its extent. 2. The time for which any thing lasts ; 
any limited time. — 3. In geometry, a point, line, or super- 
ficies that limits. — 4. In law, the limitation of an estate ; 
or, rather, the whole time or duration of an estate. — 5. In 
law, the time in which a court is held or open for the trial 
of causes. In England, there are four terms in the year, 
called Hilary term, Easter term, Trinity term, and Michael- 
mas term, from the festivals near which they begin. — 6. 
In universities and colleges, the time during which instruc- 
tion is regularly given to students. — 7. In grammar, a word 
or expression ; that which fixes or determines ideas. — 8. In 
the arts, a word or expression that denotes something pe- 
culiar to an art. — 9. In logic, a syllogism embraces three 
terms, the major, the minor, and the middle. Hedge. — 10. 



In architecture, a kind of pillar or column, adorned on the 
top with the figure of a head, either of a man, woman, or 
satyr. The pillar part frequently tapers downward, or is 
narrowest at the base. Terms rudely carved were used 
for land-marks or boundaries. P. Cyc. — Gwilt.— 11. Among 
the ancients, terms, termini miliares, were the heads of 
certain divinities, placed on square land-marks of stone, 
to mark the several stadia on roads. — 12. In algebra, a 
member of a compound quantity. Day. — 13. Among phy 
sicians, the monthly uterine secretion of females is called 
term. — 14. In contracts, terms, in the plural, are conditions , 
propositions stated or promises made, which, when as 
sented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and 
bind the parties. — The terms of a proportion are the four 
members of which it is composed. — Syn. Limit; bound; 
boundary ; condition ; stipulation ; word ; expression. 

TERM, v. t. To name ; to call ; to denominate. — Locke. 

TERM-FEE, n. Among lawyers, a fee or certain sum 
charged to a suitor for each term his cause is in court. 

TER'MA-GAN-CY, n. Turbulence ; tumultuousness. 

TER'MA-GANT, a. [Sax. tir or tyr, and magan.] Tumult- 
uous ; turbulent ; boisterous or furious ; quarrelsome , 
scolding. 

TER'MA-GANT, n. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent woman. 

TER'MA-GANT-L Y, adv. In a turbulent or scolding manner. 

TERMED, pp. Called; denominated. 

TERM'ER, n. 1. One who travels to attend a court term. 
2. One who has an estate for a term of years or for life. 

TER'MeS, n. ; pi. Ter'mi-tes. [Gr. repixa, the end, because 
this insect destroys every thing it attacks.] A neuropter- 
ous insect, commonly called white ant. It is mostly found 
within the tropics. 

TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be bounded ; limitable. 

TERM'IN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being terminable. 

TERM'IN-AL, a. [from L. terminus.] 1. In botany, growing 
at the end of a branch or stem ; terminating. 2. Forming 
the end or extremity. 

TER-MIN-A'LI-A, n. pi. [L.] Annual festivals held by the 
Romans in February in honor of Terminus, the god of 
boundaries. — Brande. 

TERM'IN-aTE, v. t. [Fr. terminer ; L. termino; Sp. terminmr j 
It. terminare ; L. terminus.] 1. To set the extreme pcrnt 
or side of a thing. 2. To put an end to. — Syn. To com- 
plete ; finish ; close ; end ; bound ; limit. 

TERM'IN-aTE, v. i. 1. To be limited ; to end ; to come to 
the furthest point in space. 2. To end ; to close ; to come 
to a limit in time. 

TERM'IN-A-TED, pp. Limited; bounded; ended. 

TERM'IN-A-TING, ppr. or a. Limiting ; ending ; conclud- 
ing. 

TERM-IN-a'TION, n, 1. The act of limiting or setting 
bounds ; the act of ending or concluding. 2. Bound 5 
limit in space or extent. 3. End in time or existence.^ 
4. In grammar, the end or ending of a word ; the syllable 
or letter that ends a word. 5. End ; conclusion ; result 
6. Last purpose. 7. Word ; term ; [obs.] 

TERM-IN-A'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to or forming the end 
or concluding syllable. — Walker. 

TERM'IN-A-TlVE, a. Directing termination.— Bp. Rust 

TERM'IN-A-TlVE-LY, adv. Absolutely; so as not to re- 
spect any thing else. — Taylor. 

TERM'IN-A-TOR, n. In astronomy, the dividing line be- 
tween the enlightened and the unenlightened part of the 
moon.— Olmsted. 

TERM'iNE. Anciently used for terminate. 

TERM'IN-ER, n. A determining, as in oyer and terminer. 

TERMING, ppr. Calling; denominating. 

TERM'IN-IST, n. In ecclesiastical history, one of a class of 
theologians who maintain that God has assigned to every 
individual a term of repentance, during which his salva- 
tion must be worked out. 

TERM-IN-OL'O-GY, \n. [Gr. rtppuv and XoyoS.] 1. The 

TERM-ON-OL'O-gY, ) doctrine of terms ; a treatise on 
terms.— 2. In natural history, that branch of the science 
which explains all the terms used in the description of 
natural objects. 

TER-MIN'THUS, n. [Gr. TipaivQog.] In medicine, a sort of 
carbuncle which assumes the shape and blackish-green 
color of the fruit of the pine called pine-nut. — Good. 

TER'MIN-US, n.; pi. Termini. [L.] A boundary; a col 
umn ; the extreme point, as either end of a rail-road.- 
Among the Romans, the deity that presided over boundaries 

TER'MiTE, n. ; pi. Ter'mites. The white ant, termes. 

TERM'LESS, a. Unlimited ; boundless.— Raleigh. 

TERM'LY, a. Occurring every term. — Bacon. 

TERM'LY, adv. Term by term ; every term.— Bacon. 

TERM-ON-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. reppuv and Xoyoi-] A more 
correct word than terminology, and preferred by the best 
authors. 

TERM'OR, 11. One who has an estate for a term of years or 
life. — Blackstone. Spelled, also, termer. 

TERN, n. [L. sterna.] A common name of certain long 
winged aquatic fowls, closely allied to the gulls. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c . long.— a, E I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ,— MoVE, BQOK, 



TER 



1019 



TES 



TERN, a. [L. ternus.] Three-fold ; consisting of three. 
TERN'A-RY, a. [L. ternarius.] Proceeding by threes ; con- 
sisting of three. — Cyc. 
TERN'A-RY, \ n. [L. ternarius, ternio.] The number three. 
TER'NI-ON, j —Holder. 
TERN'ATE, a. [L. ternus, terni.] In botany, a ternate leaf is 

one that has three leaflets on a petiole. 
TERP-SI€H-0-Re'AN, a. Relating to Terpsichore, the 

muse who presided over dancing. 
TERRA-eOT-TA, n. [It.] Literally, baked clay : a name 
given to statues, architectural decorations, figures, vases, 
&c, modeled or cast in a paste made of pipe or potter's 
clay and a fine colorless sand. — Brande. 
rERRJZ-FIL'I-US, n. [L.] Formerly, one appointed to 
write a satirical Latin poem at the public acts in the Uni- 
versity of Oxford ; not unlike the prevaricator at Cam- 
bridge, England. 
TERRA FiRMA, n. [L.] Firm or solid earth. 
TERRA IN-€OG'NI-TA, n. [L.] An unknown region. 
TER'RA JA-PONT-GA, n. [L.] The same as catechu, a 
substance obtained from the juice of a species of acacia. 
It was formerly supposed to be a kind of earth from Ja- 
pan ; hence the name. 
TERRA LEM'NI-A,n. [L.] A species of red, bolary earth. 
TER'RA PON-DE-Ro'SA, n. [L.J Barytes or heavy spar. 

— Ure. 
TERRA S'f-EN'NA, n. [It.] A brown bole or ochre from 

Sienna, in Italy, used as a pigment. 
TERRACE, n. [Fr. terrasse ; It. lerrazzo ; Sp. terrado.] 1. 
A raised level space or platform of earth, supported on 
one or more sides by a wall or bank of turf, &c, used 
either for cultivation or for a promenade. 2. A balcony 
or open gallery. — Johnson. 3. The flat roof of a house. 
TERRACE, v. t. 1. To form into a terrace. 2. To open to 

the air and light. 
TER'RACED (teriraste), pp. or a. Formed into a terrace ; 

having a terrace. — Thomson. 
TER'RA C-ING, ppr. Forming into a terrace. 
TER-RA-€UL'TUR-AL, a. Denoting tillage of the earth. 
TER-RA-GUL'TURE, a. [L. terra and cultura.\ Cultivation 

of the earth. 
TER'RA-PIN, n. A species of tide-water tortoise. 
TER-RI'QUE-OUS, a. [L. terra and aqua.] Consisting of 

land and water, as the globe or earth. 
tTER'RAR, n. A register of lands. — Cowel. 
TER'RAS, n. See Trass. 
TERRE'-BLuE (tare'-blu), n. [Fr. terre, and blue 

of earth. 
1 TERRE'-MoTE (tare'-mote), n. [L. terra and motus.] An 

earthquake. 

TERRE'-PLEIN (tare'-plane), n. [Fr. terre and plein.] In 

'fortification, the top, platform, or horizontal surface of a 

rampart, on which the cannon are placed. 

TERRE-TEN'ANT, \n. [Fr. terre-tenant.] One who has 

TER-TEN'ANT, 3 the actual possession of land ; the 

occupant. 
TERRE'-VERTE (tare'-vart), n. [Fr. terre and verd, verte.] 
A. species of olive-green earth, used by painters, contain- 
ing, oxyd of iron, silica, potash, and water, with other va- 
riable ingredients. 
TER-REEN', n. [Fr. terrine, from Lat. terra, earth.] An 
earthen or porcelain vessel for table furniture, used often 
for containing soup. A similar vessel of metal. See Tu- 
reen. 
TER'REL, n. Little earth, a magnet of a spherical figure, 
placed so that its poles, equator, &c, exactly correspond 
to those of the earth. 
TER-RENE', a. [L. terrenus.] 1. Pertaining to the earth ; 

earthy. 2. Earthly ; terrestrial. 
TER'RE-OUS, a. [L. terreus.] Earthy ; consisting of earth. 
TER-RES'TRI-AL, a. [L. terrestris.] 1. Pertaining to the 
earth ; existing on the earth. 2. Consisting of earth. 3. 
Pertaining to the world, or to the present state ; sub- 
lunary. 
TER-RES'TRI-AL-LY, adv. After an earthly manner, 
t TER-RES'TRI-J Y, v. t. [L. terrestris and facio.] To reduce 

to the state of earth. — Brown. 
TER-RES'TRI-OUS, a. 1. Earthy ; [little used.] 2. Per- 
taining to the earth ; being or hving on the earth ; ter- 
restrial. 
TERTJ-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. terribilis.] 1. Adapted to excite 
t'xror. 2. Adapted to impress dread, terror, or solemn 
r.-we and reverence. 3. adv. Severely ; very ; so as to 
give pain ; as, terrible cold ; [a colloquial phrase.] — Syn. 
Terrific ; fearful ; frightful ; formidable ; dreadful ; horri- 
ble ; shocking ; awful. 
TER'PJ-BLE-NESS, n. Dreadfulness ; formidableness ; the 

quality or state of being terrible. 
TERTtl-BLY, adv. 1. Dreadfully ; in a manner to excite 

terror or fright. 2. Violently ; very greatly. 
TER'RI-ER, n. [Fr.] 1. A dog or little hound, that creeps 
into the ground after animals that burrow. 2. A lodge or 
hole where certain animals secure themselves. 3. A 



book or roll in which the lands of private persons or cor 
porations are described. 4. [L. tero.] A wimble, auger ox 
borer. 
TER-RIF'IC, a. [L. terrificus.] Dreadful; causing terror; 

adaptedto excite great fear or dread. 
TERRI-FI.ED, pp. or a. Frightened ; affrighted. 
TER'RI-FY, v. t. [L. terror and facio.] To frighten ; to 

alarm or shock with fear. 
TER'RI-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Frightening; affrighting. 
TER-RlG'EN-OUS, a. [L.terrigena.] Earth-born; produced 

by the earth. 
TER-RI-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to territory or land. 2. 

Limited to a certain district. 
TER-RI-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In regard to territory; by 

means of territory. — E. Everett. 
TER'RI-TO-RY, n. [Fr. territoire ; It., Sp. territorio ; L. ter- 
ritorium.] 1. The extent or compass of land within the 
bounds or belonging to the jurisdiction of any state, city 
or other body ; domain. 2. A tract of land belonging ti 
and under the dominion of a prince or state, lying at a 
distance from the parent country or from the sear of gov- 
ernment. 
TERROR, n. [L. terror; Fr. terreur; It. terrore.] 1. Ex- 
treme fear ; violent fear that agitates the body and mind. 
2. That which may excite dread ; the cause of extreme 
fear. — 3. In Scripture, the sudden judgments of God are 
called terrors. — Ps. lxxiii. 4. The threatenings of wicked 
men, or evil apprehended from them. — 1 Pet., iii. 5. Aw 
ful majesty, calculated to impress fear. — 2 Cor., v. 6. 
Death is emphatically styled the king of terrors. — Reign 
of terror, in French history, that period during the Revolu- 
tion when executions were most numerous, and the peo 
pie were kept in tb-3 greatest fear by their rulers. This 
extended from October, 1793, to July, 1794. Brande.— 
Syn. Alarm ; fright ; consternation ; dread ; dismay. 
TERROR-SMIT'T^N, a. Smitten with terror.— Coleridge. 
TERROR-STRUCK, a. Stricken with terror. 
TERR.OR-ISM, n. A state of being terrified, or a state im- 
pressing terror. — Jefferson. 
TERROR-LESS, a. Free from terror. 
TER'ROR-IST, n. A name given to the agents and parti- 
sans of the revolutionary tribunal during the reign of ter- 
ror in France. — Brande. 
TERSE (ters), a. [L. tersus.] Clearly written ; neat ; ele- 
gant without pompousness. 
TERSE'LY (tersle), adv. Neatly. 
A kind J TERSE'NESS (ters'nes), n. Neatness of style ■ smoothness 
of language. — Warton. 
TER-SUL'PHU-RET,w. A sulphuret containing three equiv- 
alents of sulphur. 
TER-TEN'ANT, n. [Fr. terre, and tenant.] The occupant 

of land. 
TER'TIAL, a. A term applied to the quills growing on the 

last or innermost joint of a bird's wing. — Swainson. 
TER'TIALS (-shalz), n. pi. In ornithology, the quills or 
large feathers which grow near the junction of the wing 
with the body. 
TERTIAN (ter'shan), a. [L. tertianus, from tertius, third.] 

Occurring every other day ; as, a tertian fever. 
TER'TIAN, n. 1. A disease or fever whose paroxysms re- 
turn every other day. 2. A measure of 84 gallons ; [obs.] 
TER'TIA-PvY, a. Third ; of the third formation.— Tertiary 
formation, in geology, a series of strata, more recent than 
the chalk, consisting of sandstones, clay beds, limestones, 
and frequently containing numerous fossils, a few of 
which are identical with existing species. It has been di- 
vided into eocene, miocene, and pliocene, which see. — Dana. 
TER'TIaTE (terishate), v. t. [L. tertius.] 1. To do any 
thing the third time. 2. To examine the thickness of the 
metal at the muzzle of a gun ; or, in general, to examino 
the thickness to ascertain the strength of ordnance - 
Campbell's Mil. Diet. 
TERTIa-TED, pp. Done the third time. 
TERTIUM QUID. [L.] A third something. 
TERZA R'i'MA (terf sii re'ma), n. [It.] Literally, a pecul- 
iar and complicated system of versification, borrowed by 
the early Italian poets from the Troubadours. — Brande. 
TER-ZET'TO (tert-set'to), n. [It.] In music, a composition 

in three parta. — Brande. 
TES'SEL-AR. a. Formed in squares. 
TES'SEL-aTE, v. t. [L. tessela.] To form into squares or 

checkers ; to lay with checkered work. 
TES'SEL-A-TED, pp. or a. 1. Checkered; formed in little 
squares or mosaic work. — 2. In botany, spotted like a 
chess-board. 
TES'SEL-A-TING, ppr. Forming little squares. 
TES-SEL-a'TION, n. Mosaic work, or the operation ot 

making it.— Forsyth, Italy. 
TES'SE-RA, n. ; pi. Tesserae. [Gr.] A six-sided die, like 
modern dice, used among the Romans as a token, and in 
architecture in laying tesselated work. — Brande. 
TES-SE-RiTC, a. [L. tessera.] Diversified by squares ; tes- 
selated. — Atkyns. 



D6VF. ;— BI.ILL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. * Obsolete. 



TES 



1020 



TET 



TES'SE-RAL, a. 1. Pertaining to or containing tesserae. 2. 
In crystallography, a term applied to crystals having equal 
axes, like the cube. 

TES'SU-LAR, a. Related to the cube, or having equal axes 
like the cube. 

TEST, 11. [L. testa ; It. testa or testo ; Fr. tet.] 1. In metal- 
lurgy, a large cupel, or a vessel in which metals are melt- 
ed ibr trial and refinement. 2. Trial ; examination by the 
cupel ; hence, any critical trial and examination. 3. Means 
of trial. 4. That with which any thing is compared for 
proof of its genuineness ; a standard. 5. Discriminative 
characteristic ; standard. 6. Judgment ; distinction. — 7. 
In chemistry, a substance employed to detect any unknown 
constituent of a compound, by causing it to exhibit some 
known property. — Syn. Criterion ; standard ; experi- 
ence ; proof ; experiment ; trial. 

t'EST, n. L. testis.] In England, an oath and declaration 
against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and mil- 
itary, were heretofore obliged to take within six months 
after their admission. The test act by which this was en- 
joined was repealed in 1828. 

TEST, v. t. 1. To compare with a standard ; to try ; to 
prove the truth or genuineness of any thing by experi- 
ment, or by some fixed principle or standard. — Edin. Re- 
view. 2. To attest and date. — 3. In metallurgy, to refine 
gold or silver by means of lead, in a test, by the vitrifica- 
tion, scorification, &c, of all extraneous matter. 

TEST'-PI-PER, ii. A paper impregnated with a chemical 
reagent, as litmus, &c. — Parke. 

TESTA, n. [L.] 1. The shelly covering of testaceous ani- 
mals. Humble. — 2. In botany, the integuments of a seed. 
— Lindley. 

TEST'A-BLE, a. [L. testor.] That may be devised or given 
by will. — Blackstone. 

TES-TI'CEA, \n. plur. Shelled animals. See Testa- 

TES-TI'CEANS, 5 ceous. 

TES-Ta-CE-OG'RA-PHY, n. See Testaceology. 

TES-Ta-CE-OL'O-GY, n. [L. testacea or testa, and Gr. Aoyoj.] 
The science of testaceous mollusks ; conchology. 

TES-TI'CEOUS (-ta'shus), a. [L. testaceus.] Pertaining to 
shells ; consisting of a hard shell, or having a hard, con- 
tinuous shell, which is often very thick and strong. 

TEST'A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. testamentum.] 1. A solemn, 
authentic instrument in writing, by which a person de- 
clares his will as to the disposal of his estate and effects 
after his death. This is otherwise called a will. 2. The 
name of each general division of the canonical books 
of the Scriptures ; as, the Old Testament ; the New Test- 
ament. 

TEST-A-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to a will or to wills. 

2. Bequeathed by will ; given by testament. 3. Done by 
testament or will. 

TEST-A-MENT-ITION, n. The act or power of giving by 
will.— Burke. [Little used.] 

TEST' ATE, a. [L. testatus.] Having made and left a will. 

TEST-A'TION, n. [L. testatio.] A witnessing or witness. 

TEST-a'TOR, ii. [L.] A man who makes and leaves a will 
or testament at death. 

TEST-I'TRIX, n. A woman who makes and leaves a will 
at death. 

TESTED, pp. Tried or approved by a test.—- Shak. 

TESTER, n. [Fr. tete.] A flat canopy over a bed, pulpit, 
tomb, &c. — Gloss, of Archit. 

TESTER, \ n. An old coin, of the value of about sixpence 

TESTON, 5 sterling ; originally 18d., and then 9d. 

TE STERN, n. A sixpence ; a tester. 

fTESTERN, v. t. To present with a sixpence. 

TESTI-€LE (tes'te-kl), n. [L. testiculus.] The testicles are 
the glands which secrete the seminal fluid in males. 

TES-TI€'U-LATE, a. In botany, shaped like a testicle. 

TEST-I-FI-dTION, n. [L. testificatio.] The act of testify- 
ing or giving testimony or evidence. — South. 

TEST'I-FI-€aTOR, n. One who gives evidence. 

TESTI-FI.ED, pp. [from testify.] Given in evidence ; wit- 
nessed ; published ; made known. 

TEST'I-Fl-ER, n. One who testifies ; one who gives testi- 
mony or bears witness to prove any thing. 

TEST'I-Ff, v. i. [L. testificor ; It. testificare ; Sp. testificar.] 
1. To make a solemn declaration ; to establish some 
fact ; to give testimony. — 2. In judicial proceedings, to 
make a solemn declaration under oath, for the purpose 
of establishing or making proof of some fact to a court. 

3. To declare a charge against one. 4. To protest ; to de- 
clare against. 

TESTI-FY, v. t. 1. To affirm or declare solemnly for the 
purpose of establishing a fact. — 2. la law, to affirm or de- 
clare under oath before a tribunal, for the purpose of 
proving some fact. 3. To bear witness to ; to support 
the truth of by testimony. 4. To publish and declare 
freely. 

TESTI-FY-ING, ppr. Affirming solemnly or under oath ; 
giving testimony ; bearing witness ; declaring. 

TESTI-LY, adv. Fretfully ; peevishly ; with petulance. 



TEST-I-Mo'NI-AL, n. [Fr. ; L. testimonium.] A writing or 
certificate in favor of one's character or good conduct. 

TEST-I-Mo'NI-AL, a. Relating to or containing testimony. 

TESTT-MO-NY, n. [L. testimonium.] 1. A solemn declara- 
tion or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or 
proving some fact. Such affirmation, in judicial proceed- 
ings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath. 
Testimony differs from evidence ; testimony is the declara- 
tion of a witness, and evidence is the effect of that declara 
tion on the mind, or the degree of light which it affords. 
2. Affirmation ; declaration. 3. Open attestation ; profes- 
sion. 4. Witness ; evidence ; proof of some fact. — 5. In 
Scripture, the two tables of the law. 6. The book of the 
law. 7. The Gospel, which testifies of Christ and declares 
the will of God.— Tim., i. 8. The ark.— Ex., xvi. 9. The 
word of God ; the Scriptures.— Ps. xix. 10. The laws or 
precepts of God. — Psalms. 11. That which is equivalent 
to a declaration ; manifestation. — Clarke. 12. Evidence 
suggested to the mind. — 2 Cor., i. 13. Attestation ; con 
firmation ; deposition. 

t TESTI-MO-NY, v. t. To witness.— Shak. 

TEST'I-NESS, n. Fretfulness ; peevishness ; petulance. 

TESTING, ppr. [from test.] Trying for proof; proving by 
a standard, or by experiment.— Ure. 

TESTING, ii. 1. The act of trying for proof.— 2. In metal- 
lurgy, the operation of refining large quantities of gold or 
silver by means of lead, in the vessel called a test. 

TES-TOON', 11. A silver coin in Italy and Portugal. The 
Roman testoon is worth Is. 3d. sterling, or 29 cents ; the 
Portuguese, 6d., or about 11 cents. — Kelly. 

TES-Tu'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to the tortoise, or resem- 
bling it. — Fleming. 

TES-Tu'DI-NATE, \a. [h.testudo.] Shaped like the back 

TES-Tu'DI-NI-TED, 5 of a tortoise ; roofed ; arched : 
vaulted. 

TES-TU-DIN'E-OUS, a. Resembling the shell of a tortoise. 

TES-Tu'DO, n. [L.] 1. A tortoise.— Among the Romans, a 
cover or screen which a body of troops formed with their 
shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when 
standing close to each other. — 2. In medicine, a broad, soft 
tumor between the skull and the skin, called, also, talpa, 
or mole. 

TEST'Y, a. [from Fr. teste, tete, the head.] Fretful ; peev- 
ish ; petulant ; easily irritated. — Shak. 

TE-TAN'IC, a. Pertaining to or denoting tetanus. — P. Cyc. 

TET'A-NUS, n. [Gr. reravos-] A disease characterized by 
paroxysms of tonic spasms in the muscles of voluntary 
motion, producing incurvation of the body. 

TE-TaRTO-PRIS-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. rerapros, fourth.] One 
fourth piismatic ; applied to oblique rhombic prisms. 
Mohs. 

TE-TAUG', n. The name of a fish on the coast of New En- 
gland ; called, also, black-fish. See Tautog. 

TETCH'I-NESS, \ See Techiness, Techy, [corrupted from 

TETCH'Y. 5 touchy, touchiness.] 

TETE (tate), n. [Fr. head.] False hair ; a kind of wig ot 
cap of false hair. 

TETE'-A-TETE' (tate'-a-tate 7 ). [Fr.] Head to head; pri- 
vate conversation ; in private. 

TETE' BE PONT' (tate' de pong^. A work thrown up at 
the entrance of a bridge, for covering the communication 
across a river. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

TETH'ER, n. A rope or chain by which a beast is confined 
for feeding within certain limits. 

TETH'ER, v.- 1. To confine, as a beast, with a rope or chain 
for feeding within certain limits. See Tedder. 

TETH'ER.ED, pp. Confined with a rope. 

TE-THY'DANS, n. pi. [Gr. rrjdvg.] An order of acephalous 
molluscan animals, covered by a tunic, and not by a shell. 

Te'THYS, n. [Gr.] A gelatinous animal of the nudibranch- 
iate gastropod tribe, having an envelope or mantle that 
extends above and beyond the head, fringed or undulated 
at the margin. — Kirby. 

TETRA-CHORD, n. [Gr. rerrapa and xopSrj.] In ancient 
music, a diatessaron ; a series of four sounds, of which the 
extremes are a fourth apart. 

TET'RAD, n. [Gr. rerpas.] The number four ; a collection 
of four things. 

TET-RA-DACTYL, n. [Gr.] An animal having four toes. 
— Kirby. 

TET-RA-'DACT YL-OUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and Sa K rv\oS ■] Hav- 
ing four toes. 

TET-RA-Dl-A-PI 'SON, n. [Gr. tet pa, and diapason.] Quad- 
ruple diapason or octave ; a musical chord. 

TETRA-DRACHM (-dram), \ n. [Gr. jtrpa and Spaxnn-) 

TET-RA-DRA€H'MA, $ In ancient coinage, a silvei 

coin worth four drachmas. The Attic tetradrachm was 
equal to 3s. 3d. sterling, or 75 cents.— Smith's Diet. 

TET-RA-DY-NI'MI-A, n. [Gr. rerpa and SvvayiS-] I n ° ota 
ny, a class of plants having six stamens. — Linnaus. 

TET-RA-DY-NI'MI-AN, ) a. Having six stamens, four of 

TET-RA-DYN'A-MOUS, J which are uniformly longe* 
than the others. 



* Sea Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



TEU 



1021 



THA 



TETRA-GON, n. [Gr. rerpaywvos .] 1. In geometry, a plane 
figire having four angles ; a quadrangle ; as a square, a 
rhombus, &c. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of two planets 
with regard to the earth, when they are distant from each 
ether ninety degrees. — Hutton. 

TE-TRAG'ON-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a tetragon ; having 
four angles or sides. — 2. In botany, having four prominent 
longitudinal angles, as a stem. 

TETRA-GO-NISM, n. The quadrature of the circle. 
[Rare.] 

TET-RA-GRAM'MA-TON, n. [Gr. rerpa and ypa^ua.] 
Among several ancient nations, the name of the mystic 
number four, which was often symbolized to represent 
the Deity, whose name was expressed by four letters. — 
Brande. 

TET-RA-<JYN'I-A, n. [Gr. rerpa and yvvrj.] In botany, an or- 
der of hermaphrodite plants, having four styles. — Lin- 
naeus. 

TET-RA-GYN'I-AN, \a. Being hermaphrodite or monocli- 

TE-TRAG'YN-OUS, j nous, and having four styles. 

TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. 1. Having four equal and equilater- 
al. triangles. — 2. In botany, having four sides. 

TET-RA-He DRON, n. [Gr. rerpa and c5pa.] In geometry, 
a solid figure comprehended under four equilateral and 
equal triangles. 

TET-RA-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. rerpa, and hexahedral.] 
In crystallography, exhibiting four ranges of faces, one 
above another, each range containing six faces. 

TET-RA-HEX-A-HE'DRON, n. [Gr. rerpa, four, %, six, and 
iSpa, face.] A solid bounded by twenty-four equal faces. 
four corresponding to each face of the cube. 

TE-TRAL'O-GY, n. [Gr. rerpa and \oyos-] A collection of 
four dramatic pieces, of which three were tragedies and 
one a satyric piece, represented on the same occasion at 
Athens.— Smith's Diet. 

TE-TRAM'E-TER, n. [Gr. rerpa and nerpov.) In ancient 
poetry, a verse consisting of tour measures, i. e., in iambic, 
trochaic, and anapestic verse, of eight feet ; in other kinds 
of verse, of four feet. — Liddell and Scott. 

TE-TRAN'DRI-A, n. [Gr. rerpa and avr)p.] In botany, a 
class of hermaphrodite plants, having four stamens. 

TE-TRAN'DRI-AN, ) a. Being monoclinous or hermaphro- 

TE-TRAN'DROUS, 5 dite, and having four stamens. 

TE-TRa'O-NID, a. or n. A term denoting a bird belonging 
to the tribe of which the tetrao is the type, as the grouse, 
partridge, quail, &c. 

TET-RA-PET'AL-OUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and rrera\ov.] In bot- 
any, containing four distinct petals or flower leaves. 

TET-RA-PHaR'MA-€ON, n. [Gr.] A combination of wax, 
resin, lard, and. pitch, composing an ointment. — Brande. 

TE-TRAPH'YI.-^OUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and 0uAAov.] In bota- 
ny, having four leaves or leaflets. 

TETTtA-PLA, n. [Gr. rerpa or reaaapeS, and airXoco.] A 
Bible consisting of four different versions arranged in four 
columns, as by Origen. — Brande. 

TE-TRAP'TER-ANS, n. pi. Insects which have four wings. 
— Brande. 

TE-TRAP'TER-OUS, a. Having four wings. 

TETRAP-TOTE, n. [Gr. rerpa and Trrwtnff.] In grammar, 
a noun that has four cases only ; as L. astus, &c. 

* Te'TRaRCH, n. [Gr. rerpapxnS.] A Roman governor of 
the fourth part of a province ; a subordinate prince. 

TE-TRaR€H'ATE, n. The fourth part of a province under 

a Roman tetrarch, or the office of a tetrarch. 
TE-TRaR€H'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to a tetrarchy.— Herbert. 

* TET'RAR€H-Y, n. The same as tetrarchate. 
TET-RA-SPAS'TON, n. [Gr. rerpa, four, and anaw, to pull.] 

A machine in which four pulleys act together. — Brande. 

TET-RA-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and cirepua.) In botany, 
having four seeds. 

rE-TRAS'Tl€H, n. [Gr. rerpaonxoS-] A stanza, epigram, 
or poem consisting of four verses. — Pope. 

TETRA-STYLE, n. [Gr. rerpa and crvXoS.] In ancient archi- 
tecture, a building with four columns in front. — Brande. 

TET-RA-SYL-LAB'I€, \a. Consisting of four syllables. 

TET-RA-SYL-LAB'IC-AL, 5 —Cyc 

TET-RA-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. rerpa and av\\a6n.] A word 
consisting of four syllables. 

tTETRICAL \ a ' ^ L " t€tricus -] Froward ; perverse ; 

t TETTH€-OUS S narsh ' S01ir ; rugged.— Knolles. 

fr TETRIC-AL-NESS, n. Frowardness ; perverseness. 

\ TE-TRIC'I-TY, n. Crabbedness ; perverseness. 

TETTER, n. [8ax. teter, tetr.] 1. In medicine, a vague name 
of several cutaneous diseases. — 2. In farriery, a cutaneous 
disease of animals. 

TETTER, v. t. To affect with the disease called tetters. 

t TETTISH, a. [qu. Fr. tete, head.] Captious ; testy. 

TEtJ-TON'IC, a. Pertaining to the Teutons, a people of 
Germany, or to their language ; as a noun, the language 
of the Teutons, the parent of the German Dutch, and An- 
glo Saxon or native English. — Teutonic order, a military 
and religious order founded in 1190 by Frederic, duke of 



Swabia, and intended for Germans of noble rank only 
and having the same rules with the Templars.— Brande. 

TEW (tu), v. t. 1. To work ; to soften ; [obs. See Taw j 
2. To work ; to pull or tease ; [among seamen.] 

t TEW. n. 1. Materials for any thing. 2. An iron chain. 

TEW'EL (tu'el), n. [Fr. tuyau.] A pipe or funnel, as for 
smoke ; an iron pipe in a forge to receive the pipe of 
bellows. — Moxon. 

tTEW'TAW (tu'tau), v. t. To beat; to break.— Mortimer . 
See Tew. 

TEXT, n. [Fr. texte ; L. textus ; It. testo.] 1. A discourse or 
composition on which a note or commentary is written. 
2. A verse or passage of Scripture which a preacher se- 
lects as the subject of a discourse. 3. Any particular pass- 
age of Scripture used as authority in argument for proof 
of a doctrine. — 4. In ancient law authors'thc four Gospels, 
by way of eminence. 

TEXT, v. t. To write, as a text.— Beaum. and Fl. [Rare.] 

TEXT-BOOK, n. 1. In universities and colleges, a classic 
author written with wide spaces between the lines, to give 
room for the observations or interpretation dictated by the 
master or regent. 2. A book containing the leading prin- 
ciples or most important points of a science or branch of 
learning, arranged in order for the use of students. 

TEXT-HAND, n. A large hand in writing. 

TEXT'-MAN, n. A man ready in the quotation of texts. 

TEXTILE (teksfil), a. [L. textilis.] Woven, or capable of 
being woven ; as, textile fabrics. 

TEXTILE, n. That which is or may be woven. 

T£X-To'RI-AL, a. [L. textor.] Pertaining to weaving. 

TEXT'RlNE, a. Pertaining to weaving. — Derham. 

TEXT'U-AL (teksfyu-al), a. 1. Contained in the. text, "z 
Serving for texts. 

TEXT'U-AL-IST, ) n. [Fr. textuaire.] 1. One who is well 

TEXT'U-A-RIST, \ versed in the Scriptures, and can 

TEXTU-A-RY, ) readily quote texts. 2. One who ad- 
heres to the text. 

TEXT'U-AL-LY, adv. In the text or body of a work ; in 
accordance with a text. 

TEXTU-A-RY, a. 1. Textual ; contained in the text— 
Brown. 2. Serving as a text ; authoritative. — Glanville. 

TEXTU-IST, n. One ready in the quotation of texts. 

TEXTURE (tekst'yur), n. [L. textura.} 1. The act of wear- 
ing. 2. A web ; that which is woven. 3. The disposition 
or connection of threads, filaments, or other slender bodies 
interwoven. 4. The disposition of the several parts of 
any body in connection with each other, or the manner in 
which the constituent parts are united. — 5. In anatomy, set 
Tissue. 

THACK, for thatch, is local. See Thatch. 

TH A'LER, n. [L. thalerus.] The German spelling of dollar. 

THA-Ll'A, n. [Gr.] In mythology, the muse who presided 
over pastoral and comic poetry, and who was regarded as 
the patroness of agriculture. 

THAL'I-DAN, n. [Gr. $a\ia-] A segregate naked acepha- 
lous molluscan of the group of which thalia is the type 
They have a small crest or vertical fin near the posterior 
extremity of the back. 

THAL'LlTE, n. [Gr. SuAAos.] A variety of epidote. 

THAM'MUZ, n. 1. The tenth month of the Jewish civil 
year, containing 29 days, and answering to a part of June 
and a part of July. 2. The name of a deity among the 
Phoenicians. 

THAN, adv. [Sax. thanne ; Goth, than ; D.dan. This word 
signifies, also, then, both in English and Dutch.] This word 
is placed after some comparative adjective or adverb, to 
express comparison between what precedes and what fol- 
lows ; as, wisdom is better than strength. 

THINE, n. [Sax. thegn, thagn.] The thanes, in England 
were formerly persons of some dignity, who possessed & 
certain amount of landed property. 

THINE'-LANDS, n. pi. Lands granted to thanes. 

THaNE'DoM, n. The property or jurisdiction of a thane. 

THaNE'SHIP, n. The state or dignity of a thane, or his 
seignory. 

THANK, v. t. [Sax. thancian ; G., D. danken.] 1. To ex- 
press gratitude for a favor; to make acknowledgments 
to one for kindness bestowed. 2. It is used ironically. 

THANK, n. \ generally in the plural. [Sax. thane ; Gaelic 

THANKS, n. pi. } tainc] Expression of gratitude ; an ao- 
knowledgment made to express a sense of favor or kind 
ness received. 

THANK'-OF-FER-ING, n. [thank and offering.] An offering 
made in acknowledgment of mercy. — Watts. 

THANK'-W6RTHI-NESS (-wur'€he-nes), n. The state of 
beinc: thank-worthy. 

THANK-W6R-THY (wur'fhy), a. [thank and worthy]. Do- 
serving thanks ; meritorious.— 1 Pet., ii. 

THANK-ED (thankt), pp. Having received expressions of 
gratitude. 

THANK'FUL, a. [Sax. thancfull; Gaelic taincal.] Grate 
ful; impressed with a sense of kindness received, and 
ready to acknowledge it. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



THA 



102-: 



THE 



THANK'FUL-LY. adv. With a grateful sense of favor or 
kindness received. — Dryden. 

THANK'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Expression of gratitude ; ac- 
knowledgment of a favor. 2. Gratitude ; a lively sense 
of good received. 

THANKING, ppr. Expressing gratitude for good received. 

THANK'LESS, a. 1. Unthankful ; ungrateful ; not acknowl- 
edging favors. 2. Not obtaining thanks, or not likely to 
gain thanks. 

THANK'LESS-LY, adv. With ingratitude ; unthankfully. 

THANK'LESS-NESS, n. Ingratitude ; failure to acknowl- 
edge a kindness. — Donne. 

\ THANKS-GlVE' (thanks-giv'), v. t [thanks and give.] To 
celebrate or distinguish by solemn rites. — Mede. 

THANKS-GIVER, n. One who gives thanks or acknowl- 
edges a kindness. — Barrow. 

THANKS-GIVING, ppr. Rendering thanks for good re- 
ceived. 

THANKS-GIVING, n. 1. The act of rendering thanks or 
expressing gratitude for favors or mercies. 2. A public 
celebration of Divine goodness ; also, a day set apart for 
religious services in acknowledgment of the Divine good- 
ness. 

THaRM, n. [Sax. thearm ; G., D. darm.] Intestines twisted 
into a coruk [Local.] 

THAT, an adjective, pronoun, or substitute. [Sax. that, that ; 
Goth, thata ; D. dat ; G. das ; Dan. det ; Sw. det.] 1. That 
is a word used as a definitive adjective, pointing to a cer- 
tain person or thing before mentioned, or supposed to be 
understood ; as, take that book which you see. 2. That is 
used definitively, to designate a specific thing or person 
emphatically ; as, from that hour. — John, xix., 27. 3. That 
is used as the representative of a noun, either a person or 
a thing. In this use. it is often a pronoun and a relative, 
equivalent to who or which. 4. That is also the representa- 
tive of a sentence, or part of a sentence, and often of a 
series of sentences. — Lev., x., 20. — Gen., xviii., 25. 5. That 
sometimes is the substitute for an adjective ; as, you al- 
lege that the man is innocent ; that he is not. 6. That, in 
the following use, has been called a conjunction ; as, " I 
heard tliat the Greeks had defeated the Turks." But it 
more properly refers to the latter clause as a sort of de- 
monstrative, as in No. 4. 7. That was formerly used for 
that which, like what. — John, iii., 11 ; xiii., 27. 8. That is 
used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction.— James, 
iv., 15. 9. When this and that refer to foregoing words, 
this, like the Latin hie and French ceci, refers to the latter, 
and that to the former. 10. That sometimes introduces 
an explanation of something going before ; as, I speak of 
the Redeemer and Savior of men, that is, Jesus Christ. 11. 
That is often used elliptically, the preposition for being 
understood ; as, he went to school that [for that purpose] 
he might learn. — In that, a phrase denoting consequence, 
cause, or reason, tliat referring to the following sentence. 
—Heb., v., 7. 

THATCH, n. [Sax. thac] Straw or other substance used 
to cover the roofs of buildings, or stacks of hay or grain, 
for securing them from rain, &c. 

THATCH, v. t. To cover with straw, reeds, or some simi- 
lar substance. 

THATCHED (thacht), pp. or a. Covered with straw or 
thatch. 

THATCHER, n. One whose occupation is to thatch houses. 
THATCHING, ppr. Covering with straw or thatch. 

THATCHING, n. The act or art of covering buildings with 
thatch, so as to keep out water ; the materials used for 
this purpose. 

THAU'MA-TROPE, n. [Gr. Savua and rpoiroi.] An optical 
toy or instrument for showing the duration of an impres- 
sion of light upon the eye after the luminous object is with- 
drawn. Thus the rapid revolution of a card having a 
chariot represented on one side and a charioteer on the 
other, causes the two figures to appear together, the char- 
ioteer driving the chariot. — Olmsted. 

mlU^TuSAL, } * Excitin S wonder.-*^™. 

THAU'MA-TUR-GIST, n. One who deals in wonders or be- 
lieves in them. 

THAU-MA-TUR'GUS, n. [Gr. Savfia and tpyov.] A miracle- 
worker. A title given by the Roman Catholics to some 
of their saints. — Buchanan. 

THAU'MA-TUR-GY, n. [Gr. Sau/m and epyov.] The act of 
performing something wonderful. — Warton. 

THAW, v. i. [Sax. thawan ; G. thauen.] 1. To melt, dissolve, 
or become fluid, as ice or snow. 2. To become so warm 
as to melt ice and snow. 

THAW, v. t. To melt ; to dissolve, as ice, snow, hail, or 
frozen earth. 

THAW, n. The melting of ice or snow ; the resolution of 
ice into the state of a fluid. 

THAWjBD (thaw. I), pp. Melted, as ice or snow. 

THAWING, ppr. Dissolving ; resolving into a fluid ; lique- 
fying, as any thing frozen. 



THE, an adjective, or definitive adjective. [Sax. the; D. tfe.j 
1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before 
nouns which are specific or understood ; or it is used to 
limit their signification to a specific thing or things, or to 
describe them ; as, the laws of the Twelve Tables. — 2. Tlie 
is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular num- 
ber, to denote a species by way of distinction ; a single 
thing representing the whole ; as, the fig-tree putteth forth 
her green figs. — 3. In poetry, the sometimes loses the final 
vowel before another vowel. — 4. The is used before adjec- 
tives in the comparative and superlative degree. 
THE-ANTHRO-HSM, n. [Gr. $eos and avOpunos.] A state 

ofbeing God and man. — Coleridge. 
THe'aR-CHY, n. [Gr. $eos and apxv-] Government by 

God ; more commonly called theocracy. 
THe'A-TINS, n. pi. An order of Italian monks established 
in 1524, expressly to oppose the Reformation and to raise 
the tone of piety among Roman Catholics. They were 
named from Theate or Chieti, a city of Naples, the arch- 
bishop of which was a principal founder of the order.- 
Murdock. 
t THe'A-TRAL, a. Belonging to a theatre. 
THe'A-TER, 1 n. [Fr. theatre ; L. theatrum ; Gr. Ssarpov-l 
THe'A-TRE, 5 1- Among the ancients, an edifice in which 
spectacles or shows were exhibited for the amusement 
of spectators. — 2. In modern times, a house for the exhibi- 
tion of dramatic performances, as tragedies, comedies, and 
farces ; a play-house. — 3. Among the Italians, an assem- 
blage of buildings, which, by a happy disposition and ele- 
vation, represents an agreeable scene to the eye. 4. A 
place rising by steps or gradations like the seats of a the- 
ater. 5. A place of action or exhibition. 6. A building 
for the exhibition of scholastic exercises, as at Oxford, or 
for other exhibitions. — 7. In medical institutions, a room 
with circular seats and a table in the center turning on a 
pivot, for anatomical demonstrations. — Cyc. 
THE-AT'RIC, > a. Pertaining to a theatre or to scenic 
THE-AT'RI€-AL, S representations ; resembling the man- 
ner of dramatic performers. 
THE-AT'R1€-ALS, n. pi. Dramatic performances. 
THE-AT'RI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of actors on the 

stage ; in a manner suiting the stage. 
THE AVE, n. An ewe of the first year. [Local.] 
THe'BAN-YeAR, 11. In ancient chronology, the Egyptian 

year of 365 days and 6 hours. — Bryant. 
THe'-GA, 7i. [L., from Gr.] A sheath or case. 
THe'CA-PHORE, n. [Gr. SrjKrj and cpoptu.] In botany, toe 
pedicel or stipe of an ovary when it has one, called, alsc, 
gynophore, basigynium, and podogynium. — Lindley. 
THe'CO-DONTS, n. pi. [Gr. ^rjKrj and odovS-] A tribe of 
extinct saurians, having the teeth implanted in sockets.— 
Owen. 
THEE, pron. obj. case of thou. 
tTHEE, v. i. [Goth, thihan ; Sax. thean.] To thrive; to 

prosper. — Chaucer. 
THEFT, n. [Sax. thyfthe.] 1. The act of stealing.— In law, 
the private, unlawful, felonious taking of another person's 
goods or movables, with an intent to steal them. 2. The 
thing stolen. — Ex., xxii. 
THEFT-BOTE, n. [theft, and Sax. bote.] In law, the receiv 
ing of a man's goods again from a thief, or of compensa- 
tion for them in order to screen the thief from prosecu- 
tion. 
THeT-FORM, a. Having the form of tea. 
THeTN, n. A principle obtained from tea. It is identical 

with cafl'ein, which see. 
THEIR (fhare), a. pronam. [Sax. Mora; Ice. theirra.] 1 
Their has the sense of a pronominal adjective, denoting oj 
them, or the possession of two or more.— 2. Theirs is used 
as a substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it 
refers, and in this case it may be the nominative to a verb. 
THe'ISM, n. [from Gr. SeoS-] The belief or acknowledg- 
ment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism. 
THe'IST, n. One who believes in the existence of a God. 
THE-ISTTC, \ a. Pertaining to theism, or to a theist ; 
THE-IST'I€-AL, i according to the doctrine of theists. 
THEM, pron. ; the objective case of they, and of both gen- 
ders. 
THEME, n. [L. thema; Gr. Stjua.] 1. A subject or topic on 
which a person writes or speaks. 2. A short dissertation 
composed by a aiudent.— 3. In grammar, a radical verb, ox 
the verb in its primary absolute state, not modified by in- 
flections. — 4. In music, a series of notes selected as the 
text or subject of a new composition. 
THE'MIS, n. [Gr.] In the mythology of the Greeks, the god 
dessoflaw. , . 

THEM-SELVES', a compound of them and selves, and addeo 

to they by way of emphasis or pointed distinction. 
THEN, adv. [Goth., Sax. thanne ; G. dann ; D. dan.] J. At 
that time, referring to a time specified, either past or lu 
ture. 2. Afterward; soon afterward, or immediately. ,i. 
In that case; in consequence.— Gal, in. 4. Ineretoi 
for this reason. 5. At another time. 6. That time. 



Mil- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD —MOVE, BOOK 



THE 



1023 



THE 



ion.— 'Then is often used elliptically for the then existing ; 
as, the then administration. — Burke. 
THENCE (fhens), adv. [Sax. thanan, thanon ; G. dannen.] 

1. From that place. 2. From that time. 3. For that reason. 
THENCE'FoRTH (fhens'forth), adv. [thence and forth.] 

From that time. 
THENCE-FOR'WARD, adv. [thence and forward.] From 

that time onward. — Kettlewell. 
I THENCE'FROM, adv. From that place. 
THE-O-BRo'MA, n. [Gr.$eo? and 0/Ju^a.] 1. The name of 

a genus of plants producing the cacao or chocolate nut. 

2. A superior preparation of the cacao or cocoa. — Loudon. 
THE-O-CHRISTIC, a. [Gr. $cos and xp^rns.] Anointing 

by God. 

THE-OCRA-CY, n. [Fr. theocracie ; It. teocrazia ; Sp. teocra- 
cia; Gr. $-eos and Kparo?.] Government of a state by the 
immediate direction of God, or the state thus governed. 

FHe'O-CRa-SY, n. [Gr. Seoi and Kpaaig, mixture.] In an- 
cient philosophy, an intimate union of the soul with God in 
contemplation. 

THE-O-CRATIC, \a. Pertaining to a theocracy; ad- 

rHE-0-€RAT'I€-AL, 5 ministered by the immediate di- 
rection of God. 

THE-ODl-CY, n. [Gr. Seos and 6iKr/.] A vindication of the 
justice of God in regard to the natural and moral evil that 
exists under his government. — Leibnitz. 

THE-OD'O-LlTE, n. A surveyor's compass furnished with 
a small telescope for the more accurate measurement of 
angles. — Olmsted. 

THE-OG'O-NIST. n. A writer on theogony. 

THE-OG'O-NY, n. [Fr. theogonie ; Gr. Seoyovia.] In mythol- 
ogy, the generation of the gods, or that branch of heathen 
theology which taught the genealogy of their deities. 

THE-OL'O-GAS-TER, n. A kind of quack in divinity. 

THE-O-Lo'GI-AN, n. A divine ; a person well versed in the- 
ology, or a professor of divinity. — Milton. 

THE-0-L061G, (a. Pertaining to divinity, or the sci- 

THE-0-LOG'I€-AL, j ence of God and of divine things. 

THE-0-LOG'I€-AL-LY, adv. According to the principles of 
theology. 

THE-OL'O-GIST, n. A divine; one studious in the science 
of divinity, or one well versed in that science. 

THE-OL'O-GiZE, v. t. 1. To render theological. 2. v. i. 
To frame asystem of theology. [Rare.] 

THE-OL'0-GlZ£D, pp. Rendered theological. 

THE-OL'O-GlZ-ER, n. A divine, or a professor of theology. 
— Boyle, r Unusual.] 

THE-OI/0-6IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering theological. 

THE'O-LOGUE (-log), for theologian.— Dryden. [Rare.] 

rHE-OL'O-GY, n. [Fr. theologie ; It., Sp. teologia ; Gr. $so- 
Xoyta.] Divinity ; the science of God and divine things, 
or the science which teaches the existence, character, and 
attributes of God, his laws and government, the doctrines 
we are to believe, and the duties we are to practice. 

fHE-OMA-€HIST (-kist), n. [Gr. $ioS and U a X V-] One 
who tights against the gods. — Bailey. 

rHE-OMA-€HY, n. 1. A fighting against the gods. 2. Op- 
position to the Divine will. 

.THe'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. Seos and uavruu.] A kind of divi- 
nation drawn from the responses of oracles among hea- 
then nations. — Brande. 

THE-0-PA-THET'I€, a. Pertaining to theoyaXh.?.- Hartley. 

THE-OPA-THY, n. [Gr. $eos and - a 9oS-] Sympathy with 
the divine nature ; like feelings to those of God. — Hartley. 

THE-OPHA-NY, n. [Gr. $eos and (paivouat, to appear.] A 
manifestation of God to man by actual appearance. 

THE-O-PHI-LAN'THRO-PIST n. [Gr. ^£oS and <}>i\avQpu- 
iroS-] A title assumed by some persons in France during 
the revolution. Their object was to establish Reason in 
the place of Christianity. — Brande. 

THE-OP-NEuST'I€, a. [Gr. $eos and Ttvevarinos .] Given by 
the inspiration of the Spirit of God. 

THe'OP-NEuST-Y, n. Divine inspiration ; the mysterious 
power which the Divine Spirit exercises in making men 
to know and communicate the truth. — Gaussen. 

THE-OR'BO, n. [It. tiorba ; Fr. tuorbe or teorbe.] A musical 
instrument made like a large lute, but having two heads ; 
an archlute. It is not now used. — P. Cyc. 

THe'O-REM, n. [Fr. theoreme ; Sp., It. teorema ; Gr. Scco^jua.] 
1. In mathematics, a proposition to be proved by a chain 
of reasoning. A tJieorem is something to be proved; a 
problem is something to be done. Day. — 2. In algebra or 
analysis, it is sometimes used to denote a rule, particularly 
when that ride is expressed by symbols. 

THE-O-RE-MAT'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a theorem ; com- 

THE-O-RE-MAT'IC-AL, s prised in a theorem ; consisting 

THE-O-REM'IC, ) of theorems. 

THE-O-RETIC, \a. [Gr. &eu>pr]TiKos. See Theory.] 

THE-O-RET'IC-AL, j Pertaining to theory ; depending on 
theory or speculation ; speculative ; terminating in theory 
or speculation ; not practical. 

rHE-0-RET'I€-AL-LY, adv. In or by theory ; in specula- 
tion ; speculatively ; not practically. 



THe'O-RIC, ti. Speculation.— Shak. 

THE-OR'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to the theorica. 2. Theoret- 
ic ; [obs.] 

THE-OR'I-CA, n. pi. [Gr. Sewpocoj.] A term applied to the 
public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifi- 
ces, and public entertainments, particularly theatrical per- 
formances, and in largesses among the people.— Smith's 
Diet. 

THE-OR'IC-AL-LY, adv. Speculatively. [Not itsed.) 

THe'O-RIST; n. One who forms theories ; one given to 
theory and speculation. — Addison. 

THe'O-RIZE, v. i. To form a theory or theories ; to spec- 
ulate. 

THe'O-RiZ-ER n. A theorist. 

THe'O-RiZ-ING, ppr. Forming a theory. 

THe'O-RY, n. [Fr. theorie ; It. teoria; L.t/ieoria; Gr.Stw/Xa.] 
1. Speculation ; a doctrine or scheme of things, which 
terminates in speculation or contemplation, without a view 
to practice. 2. An exposition of the general principles of 
any science. 3. The science distinguished from the art 
4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either 
physical or moral. — Theory is distinguished from hypothe- 
sis thus ; a theory is founded on inferences drawn from 
principles which have been established on independent 
evidence; a hypothesis is a proposition assumed to ac- 
count for certain phenomena, and has no other evidence 
of its truth, than that it affords a satisfactory explanation 
of those phenomena. — Olmsted. 

THE-O-SOPHTC, ? «.*.■••* *. x. 

THE-O-SOPH'IC-AL, \ a - Pertaining to theosophy. 

THE-OS'O-PHISM, n. [Gr. $eos and aoQiopa.] Theosophy, 
or a process of it. — Murdoch. 

THE-OS'O-PHIST, n. One addicted to theosophy. 

THE-OS'O-PHlZE, v. i. To practice theosophy. 

THE-OS'O-PHY, n. [Gr. $eos and aofia.] Supposed inter- 
course with God and superior spirits, and consequent at- 
tainment of superhuman knowledge by physical process- 
es. — Murdoch. 

THER-A-PEO'TI€, a. [Gr. Stpa-nevTixoi.] Curative ; that 
pertains tothe healing art. — Watts. 

THER-A-PEu'TI€S, n. 1. That part of medicine which re- 
spects the discovery and application of remedies for dis- 
eases. 2. A religious sect described by Philo. They were 
devotees to religion. 

THERE (fhare), adv. [Sax. thcer ; Goth, thar ; D. door; Sw. 
dar ; Dan. der.] 1. In that place. 2. It is sometimes op- 
posed to here; there denoting the place most distant. — 3. 
Here and there, in one place and another. 4. It is some- 
times used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to 
something distant. — 5. There is used to begin sentences, or 
before a verb ; sometimes pertinently, and sometimes with- 
out signification ; but its use is so firmly established that it 
can not be dispensed with. — 6. In composition, there has 
the sense of a pronoun, as in Saxon ; as, thereby, which 
signifies by that. 

THERE-A-BOUT, \adv. [there and about.] 1. Near tha« 

THERE-A-BOUTS', J place.— Shak. 2. Nearly ; near that 
number, degree, or quantity. 3. Concerning that ; [rare.] 

THERE-AFTER, adv. [there and after.] 1. According to 
that ; accordingly. 2. After that 

THERE-AT, adv. [there and at.] 1. At that place. 2. At 
that ; at that thing or event ; on that account. 

THERE-BV, adv. [there and by.] By that ; by that means ; 
in consequence of that. 

THERE-FOR', adv. [there and for.] For that or this, or it 

* THERE'FORE (fher'fore), adv. [there and for.) 1. For 
that ; for that or this reason, referring to something previ- 
ously stated. 2. Consequently. 3. In return or recom 
pense for this or that 

THERE-FROM', adv. [there and fram.] From this or that 

THEPwE-IN', adv. [there and in.] In that or this place, time, 
or thing. 

THERE-IN-To', adv. [there and into.] Into that.— Bacon 

THERE-OF', adv. [there and of] Of that or this. 

THERE-ON', adv. [there and on.] On that or this. 

THERE-OUT, adv. [there and out.] Out of that or this. 

THERE-To', I adv. [there and to or unto.] To that or 

THERE-UN-T5', > this. 

THERE-WDER, adv. Under that or this. 

THERE-UP-ON', adv. [there and upon.] 1. Upon that or this 
2.~In consequence of that. 3. Immediately. 

t THERE-WHILE', adv. At the same time. 

THERE-WITH', adv. [there and with.] With that or this. 

t THERE-WITH-AL', adv. [there and withal.] 1. Over and 
above. 2. At the same time. 3. With that. 

[The foregoing compounds of there with the prepositions are, 
for the most part, deemed inelegant and obsolete.] 

t THERF'-BReAD (therf-bred), n. [Sax. tharf thcorf] Un 
leavened bread. — Wicliffe. 

THe'RI-A€, ? n. [L. theriaca ; Gr. SjipiaKv.] Anciently, a 

THE-Ri'A-CA, ) remedy against poison ; particularly ap- 
plied to a compound consisting of numerous drugs, prepar 
ed, pulverized, and formed with honey into an electuary. 



D6VE ;— BULL.. UNITE ;— AN"GER Vl"CIOUS.— -G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



THI 



1024 



THI 



TKe'RI-AC, ? a. Pertaining to theriac ; medicinal. — Ba- 

THE-Rl'AC-AL, j con. 

THER'MAL, a. [L. therma.] Warm ; a term applied chiefly 
to warm springs ; as, thermal waters. 

THER'MI-DOR, n. [Gr. SzOuos, warm.] The name of the 
11th month of the French republican year, commencing 
July 19, and ending August 17. 

THER'MO-E-LE€-TRIC'l-TY, n. [Gr. Sep/noj, and electrici- 
ty.'] Electricity developed by heat. — Lyell. 

THER'MO-gEN, n. [Gr. Seppr), heat, and yevos, yivofiai, to 
generate.] The elementary matter of heat; caloric. — 
Good. 

THER'MO-L AMP, n. [Gr. Sepnos, and lamp.] An instrument 
for furnishing light by means of inflammable gas. 

THER-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Sepnos and ixerpovj An instru- 
ment for measuring heat. -See, also, Differential Ther- 
mometer. 

THER-MO-MET'RI€-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a thermome- 
ter. 2. Made by a thermometer. 

THER-MO-MET'Rl€-AL-L Y, adv. By means of a thermom- 
eter. 

THER'MO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. Sepun and okotteu).] An instru- 
ment contrived by Count Rumford for measuring minute 
differences of temperature. As modified by Prof. Leslie, 
it was afterward called the differential thermometer. — Olm- 
sted. 

THER-MO-SCOP'IC, a. Pertaining to the thermoscope. 

THER'MO-STAT, n. [Gr. $ e pitos and fer^i.] A self-acting 
physical apparatus for regulating temperature, by the un- 
equal expansion of different metals by heat. — Ure. 

THER-MO-STAT'IG, a. Pertaining to the thermostat.— Ore. 

THER-MO-TEN'SION, n. [Gr. Sepixos, hot, and L. tensio, a 
stretching.] Literally, a stretching by heat. This word is 
applied by Professor Johnson to a process of increasing 
the direct cohesion of wrought iron. It consists in heat- 
ing the metal to a determinate temperature, generally from 
500 to 600 degrees of Fahrenheit, and in that state giving 
to it, by appropriate machinery, a mechanical strain or 
tension in the direction in which the strength is afterward 
to be exerted. The degree of tensile force applied is de- 
termined beforehand by trials on the same quality of metal 
at ordinary atmospheric temperature, to ascertain what 
force would, in that case, have been sufficient to break the 
piece which is to be submitted to thermotension. If this 
process should succeed, it may be of great use in giving 
strength to chain cables. 

THESE, pron. ; plu. of this, and used as an adjective or sub- 
stitute. These is opposed to those, as this is to that, and 
when two persons or things, or collection of things, are 
named, these refers to the things or persons which are 
nearest in place or order, or which are last mentioned. 

THe'SIS, n. [L. thesis; Gr. -Seat?.] 1. A position or propo- 
sition which a person advances and offers to maintain, or 
which is actually maintained by argument ; a theme ; a 
subject; particularly, a subject or proposition for a school 
or university exercise, or the exercise itself.— 2. In logic, 
every proposition maybe divided into thesis and hypothesis. 
Thesis contains the thing affirmed or denied, and hypothesis 
the conditions of the affirmation or negation.— 3. In music, 
the unaccented or unpercussed part of the measure, which 
the Greeks expressed by the downward beat. 

THES'MO-THETE, n. [Gr. StouoBtTris.] A lawgiver; a legis- 
lator ; one of the six inferior archons at Athens. 

THES'PI-AN, a. [from Thespis.] A term applied to tragic 
acting. 

THE'TA, n. [Gr. $.] The unlucky letter of the Greek alpha- 
bet, so called from being used by the judges in passing con- 
demnation on a prisoner, it being the first letter of the 
Greek SavaroS. death. 

THET'I€-AL, a. [Gr. Sstikos.] Laid down.— More. 

tIIuRgIC-AL, } a - Pertaining to theurgy. 

THe'UR-gIST, n. One who pretends to or is addicted to 
theurey. — Hallywell. 

THe'UR-gY, n. [Gr. Seovpyia.] Among the Egyptian Plato- 
nists, an imaginary science and art ; the ability, by means 
of certain acts, habits, words, and symbols, of moving the 
gods to impart to us secrets which surpass the powers of 
reason, to lay open to us the future, and to render them- 
selves visible. — Murdoch. 

i THEW (thu), n. [Sax. theaw ; Gr. eOog.] 1. Manner ; cus- 
tom; habit; form of behavior. — Spenser. 2. Muscle or 
strength. — Shak. 

i THEW.ED (thude), a. Accustomed; educated. — Spenser. 

FHEY (fha), pron. plu. ; objective case, them. [Sax. thcege ; 
Goth, thai, thaim.] 1. The men, the women, the animals, 
the things. It is never used adjectively, but always as a 
pronoun referring to persons, or as a substitute referring 
to things. 2. It is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used 
man, and as the French use on. They say [on dit], that is, 
it is said by persons, indefinitely. 
THi'BLE (thi'bl), n. A slice; a skimmer; a spatula.— A ins- 
worth. [Not in use, or local.] 



THICK, a. [Sax. thic, thicca; G. dick, dicht ; D. dik, digt.\ 

1. Characterized by density or closeness ; not thin. 2. In 
spissated. 3. Turbid; muddy; feculent; not clear. 4. Not- 
ing the diameter of a body. 5. Having more depth or ex- 
tent from one surface to its opposite than usual. 6. Close ; 
crowded with trees or other objects. 7. Frequent; fol 
lowing each other in quick succession. 8. Set with things 
close to each other ; not easily pervious. 9. Not having 
due distinction of syllables or good articulation. 10. Some- 
what deaf. 11. Intimate. — Halliwell ; [various dialects]— 
Syn. Dense ; close ; compact ; solid ; gross ; coarse. 

THICK, n. 1. The thickest part, or the time when any thing 
is thickest. 2. A thicket; [obs.] — Thick and thin, whatever 
is in the way. 

THICK, adv. 1. Frequently ; fast. 2. Closely. 3. To a great 
depth, or to a thicker depth than usual. — Thick and three 
fold, in quick succession, or in great nnmbers ; [obs.] 

t THICK, v. i. To become thick or dense. — Spenser. 

THICK'-HE AD-ED (-hed'ed), a. Having a thick skull ; dull 
stupid. 

THICK'-SET, a. [thick and set.] 1. Close-planted. 2. Hav 
ing a short, thick body. 

THICK'-SKULL, n. [thick and skull] Dullness ; or a dull 
person ; a blockhead. — Entick. 

THICK'-SKULL^D (-skuld), a. Dull; heavy; stupid; slow 
to learn. 

THICK -SKIN, n. [thick and skin.] A coarse, gross person , 
a blockhead. — Entick. 

THICK'-SPRUNG, a. [thick and sprung.] Sprung up close 
together. — Entick. — Shak. 

THICKEN (thik'n), v. t. [Sax. thiccian.] 1. To make thick 
or dense. 2. To make close ; to fill up interstices. 3. To 
make concrete ; to inspissate. 4. To strengthen ; to con- 
firm ; [obs.] 5. To make frequent, or more frequent. 6. 
To make close, or more close ; to make more numerous. 

THICK'£N (thik'n), v. i. 1. To become thick, or more thick 
to become dense. 2. To become dark or obscure. 3. Tc 
concrete ; to be consolidated. 4. To be inspissated. 5. To 
become close, or more close or numerous. 6. To become 
quick and animated. 7. To become more numerous ; to 
press : to be crowded. 

THICKEN ED, pp. or a. Made dense, or more dense ; made 
more close or compact ; made more frequent ; inspissated. 

THI€K'.EN-ING, ppr. Making dense or more dense, more 
close or more frequent ; inspissating. 

THI€K'.EN-ING, n. Something put into a liquid or mass to 
make it more thick. 

THICK'ET, n. A wood or collection of trees or shrubs 
closely set. 

THICK'ISH, a. Somewhat thick. 

THICK'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; to a great depth ; 2. Closeiy , 
compactly. 3. In quick succession. 

THICK'NESS, n. 1. The state of being thick ; denseness , 
density. 2. The state of being concrete or inspissated ; 
consistence; spissitude. 3. The extent of a body from 
side to side, or from surface to surface. 4. Closeness of 
the parts ; the state of being crowded or near. 5. The 
state of being close, dense, or impervious. 6. Dullness of 
the sense of hearing; want of quickness or acuteness. 

THIEF (theef ), n. ; plu. Thieves (theevz). [Sax. theof; Sw. 
tiuf; D. dief] 1. A person guilty of theft; one who se- 
cretly, unlawfully, and feloniously takes the goods or per- 
sonal property of another. 2. One who takes the property 
of another wrongfully, either secretly or by violence.— Job, 
xxx. 3. One who seduces by false doctrine. — John, x. 4. 
One who makes it his business to cheat and defraud.- 
Matt., xxi. 5. An excrescence in the snuff of a candle. 

THIeF'-€ATCH-ER, n. One who catches thieves. 

THIeF'-LeAD-ER, n. [thief and lead.] One who takes or 
leads away a thief. [Not much used.] 

THIeF'-TaK-ER, n. One whose business is to find and take 
thieves, and bring them to justice. 

THIeVE (theeve), v. i. To steal ; to practice theft. 

THIeV'ER-Y, n. 1. The practice of stealing ; theft.— South. 

2. That which is stolen. — Shak. 

THIEVISH, a. 1. Given to stealing; addicted to the prac- 
tice of theft. 2. Secret ; sly ; acting by stealth. 3. Partak 
ing of the nature of theft. 

THIeV'ISH-LY, adv. In a thievish manner ; by theft. 

THIeV'ISH-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to steal. 2. The 
practice or habit of stealing. 

THlGH (thi), n. [Sax. thegh, theo, or theoh ; D. dye.] That 
part of men, quadrupeds, and birds which is between the 
leg and the trunk. 

THlGH'-BoNE, n. The bone of the thigh. 

t THILK, pron. [Sax. thilc] The same.— Spenser. 

THILL, n. [Sax. thil or thill] The shaft of a cart, gig, ox 
other carriage. 

THILL'ER, ) n. The horse which goes between the 

THILL'-HORSE, 5 thills or shafts, and supports them.— 
In a team, the last horse. 

THIM'BLE (thim'bl), n. 1. A kind of cap or cover for the 
finger, usually made of metal, used by tailors and seam- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK. 



THI 



1025 



THCv 



stresses lor driving the needle through cloth. — 2. In sea 
language, an iron ring with a hollow or groove round its 
whole circumference, to receive the rope which is spliced 
about it; used to keep the eye of the rope from being 
chafed.— Totten. 

fHIM'BLE-RIG, n. A sleight of hand trick played with 
three small cups, shaped like thimbles, and a small ball. 

THlME, n. See Thyme. 

THIN, a. [Sax. thinn, thynn ; G. dunn ; D. dun ; Sw. tunn.] 
1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to 
the opposite. 2. Rare ; not dense ; [applied to fiuids or to 
soft mixtures.] 3. Not close ; not crowded ; not filling the 
space ; not having the individuals that compose the thing 
in a close or compact state. 4. Not full or well grown. 5. 
Slim; small; slender; lean; meager. 6. Exile; small; fine; 
not full. 7. Not thick or close ; of a loose texture ; not im- 
pervious to the sight. 8. Not crowded or well-stocked ; not 
abounding. 9. Slight ; not sufficient for a covering. 

THIN, adv. Not thickly or closely ; in a scattered state. 

THIN, v. t. [Sax. thinnian.] 1. To make thin ; to make rare 
or less thick ; to attenuate. 2. To make less close, crowd- 
ed, or numerous. 3. To attenuate ; to rarefy ; to make less 
dense. 

THIN -OUT, v. i. In geology, strata are said to thin, out when 
they gradually diminish in thickness until they disappear. 
— Brande. 

THIN'-SKINKED, a. Having a thin skin ; hence, unduly 
sensitive. 

THlNE, pronominal adj. [Goth, theins, theina ; Sax. thin ; G. 
dein ; Fr. tien.] Thy ; belonging to thee ; relating to thee ; 
being the property of thee. The principal use of thine, 
now, is when a verb is interposed between this word and 
the noun to which it refers ; as, I will not take any thing 
that is thine. 

THING, n. [Sax. thing; G. ding; D. ding; Sw. ting ; Dan. 
ting.] 1. An event or action ; that which happens or falls 
out, or that which is done, told, or proposed 2. Any sub- 
stance ; that which is created; any particular article or 
commodity. 3. An animal. — Gen., viii, 1. 4. A portion or 
part; something. 5. In contempt; as, I have a thing in 
prose. — Swift. 6. Used of persons in contempt or dispar- 
agement ; as, an abject thing. 7. Used in a sense of honor ; 
as, thou noble thing. Shale. — 8. Things, pi. Clothes. — Wal- 
ter Scott ; [colloquial.] 

THINK, v. i. ; pret. and pp. thought (thawt). [Sax. thincan, 
thencan; Goth, thagkyan; Sw. tycka and tcenka; Dan. tyk- 
ker and tanker ; D. denken.] 1. To have the mind occu- 
pied on some subject ; to have ideas, or to revolve ideas 
in the mind. 2. To judge ; to conclude ; to hold as a set- 
fled opinion. 3. To intend; to design. 4. To consider 
probable or likely; to fancy. 5. To dwell upon in con- 
templation. 6. To recollect or call to mind. 7. To con- 
sider ; to deliberate. 8. To presume. 9. To believe ; to 
esteem. — To think on or upon. 1. To muse on ; to medi- 
tate on. 2. To light on by meditation. 3. To remember 
with favor. — To think of to have ideas come into the 
mind. — To think well of, to hold in esteem ; to esteem. — 
Syn. To cogitate ; reflect ; ponder ; contemplate ; medi- 
tate ; muse ; imagine ; suppose ; believe. 

THINK, v. t. 1. To conceive ; to imagine. 2. To believe ; 
to consider ; to esteem. 3. To seem or appear, as in the 
phrases me thinketh or methinks, and methought. — To think 
much, to grudge. — To think much of, to hold in high es- 
teem. — To think scorn, to disdain. — Esth., iii. 

THINKER, n. One who thinks ; but chiefly, one who thinks 
in a particular manner. — Swift. 

THINKING, ppr. 1. Having ideas ; supposing ; judging ; 
imagining ; intending ; meditating. 2. a. Having the fac- 
ulty of thought ; cogitative ; capable of a regular train of 
ideas. 

THINKING, n. Imagination ; cogitation ; judgment 

THINK1NG-LY, adv. By thought. 

THIN'LY, adv. [from thin.] In a loose, scattered manner ; 
not thickly. 

THINNED, pp. Made thin ; made rare, or less thick. 

THIN'NESS, n. 1. The state of being thin ; smallness of ex- 
tent from one side or surface to the opposite. 2. Tenuity ; 
rareness. 3. A state approaching to fluidity, or even fluid- 
ity ; opposed to spissitude. 4. Exility. 5. Rareness ; a scat- 
tered state ; paucity. 

THIN'NING, ppr. Making thin, rare, or less thick ; attenu- 
ating. 

THIRD (thurd), a, [Sax. thridda ; Goth, thridya ; G. dritte ; 
D. derde.] The first after the second ; the ordinal of three. 

THIRD, n. 1. The third part of any thing. 2. The sixtieth 
part of a second of time.— 3. In music, an interval contain- 
ing three diatonic sounds and two degrees or intervals. 

THlRD'-B6R-oUGH (thurd'-bur-ro), n. [third and borough.] 
An under constable. — Johnson. 

TH1RDTNG3 (thurd-), n. pi. The third part of the corn or 
grain growing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to 
the lord for a heriot, within the manor of Turfat, in Here- 
fordshire. 



THIRD'LY (thurd-), adv. In the third place.— Bacon. 

THiRDS (thurdz), n. pi. The third part of the estate of a 
deceased husband, which by law the widow is entitled to 
enjoy during her life. [New England.] 

THIRL (thurl), v. t. [Sax. thirlian.] To bore ; to perforate. 
It is now written drill and thrill. Sec these words. 

THiRLA.dE, n. In English customs, the right which the 
owner of a mill possesses, by contract or law, to compel 
the tenants of a certain district to bring all their grain to 
his mill for grinding. 

THIRST (thurst), n. [Sax. thurst, thyrst ; G. durst ; D. dorst; 
Sw. torst ; Dan. turst.] 1. A painful sensation of the throat 
or fauces, occasioned! by the want of drink. 2. A vehe- 
ment desire of drink. — Ps. civ. 3. A want and eager de- 
sire after any thing. 4. Dryness ; drought. 

THIRST (thurst), v. i. [Sax. thyrstan ; D. dorsten ; G. durs- 
te?i ; Sw. torsta ; Dan. tiirster.] 1. To experience a painful 
sensation of the throat or fauces for want of drink. 2. To 
have a vehement desire for any thing. 

THIRST (thurst), v. t. To want to drink ; as, to thirst blood. 
—Prior. [Not English.] 

THiRST'ER (thursfer), n. One who thirsts. 

TH1RSTI-LY, adv. In a thirsty manner. 

THtRST'I-NESS (thurst'e-nes), n. [from thirsty.] The state 
of being thirsty ; thirst. — Wotton. 

THIRSTING, ppr. Feeling pain for want of drink. 

THIRSTY (thurst'e), a. 1. Feeling a painful sensation of the 
throat or fauces for want of drink. 2. Very dry ; having no 
moisture ; parched. 3. Having a vehement desire of any 
thing. 

THIRTEEN (thur'teen), a. [Sax. threottyne ; three and ten.] 
Ten and three. 

THIRTEENTH, a. The third after the tenth ; the ordinal 
of thirteen. 

THIRTEENTH, n. In music, an interval forming the oc- 
tave of the sixth, or sixth of the octave. — Busby. 

THIRTIETH, a. [from thirty , • Sax. thrittigotha.] The tenth 
three-fold ; the ordinal of thirty. 

THIRTY (thurte), a. [Sax. thrittig; G. dreissig; D. dertig.] 
Thrice ten, or twenty and ten. 

THIS, definitive adjective or substitute; pi. These. [Sax. 
this; Dan. pi. disse; Sw. dessa, desse; G. das, dessen; D. 
deeze, dit.] 1. This is a definitive, or definitive adjective, 
denoting something that is present or near in place or 
time, or something just mentioned. — 2. By this, is used 
elliplically for by this time. — 3. This is used with words 
denoting time past ; as, I have taken no snuft' for this 
month. — 4. This is opposed to that. 5. When this and 
that refer to different things before expressed, this refers 
to the thing last mentioned, and that to the thing first men- 
tioned. 6. It is sometimes opposed to other. 

THISTLE (thisl), n. [Sax. thistel ; G., D. distel ; Sw. tistel] 
The common name of numerous prickly plants of the class 
syngenesia, and several genera, as the Canada thistle, the 
blessed thistle, the globe thistle, the cotton thistle, &c. 
Certain other prickly plants are also called thistles, as the 
teasel or fuller's thistle, &c. The thistle is the national 
emblem of Scotland. 

THISTLY (thisly), a. Overgrown with thistles. 

THITHER, adv. [Sax. thider, thyder.] 1. To that place ; op- 
posed to hither. 2. To that end or point. — Hither and thith- 
er, to this place and to that ; one way and another. 

t THITHER-To, adv. To that end ; so far. 

THITH'ER-WARD, adv. Toward that place. 

THO'. 1. A contraction of though. [See Though.] 2. Tho, 
for Sax. thonne, then.— Spenser ; [obs.] 

THoLE, n. [Sax. thol ; It., Gaelic dula.] 1. A pin inserted' 
into the gunwale of a boat, to keep the oar in the row-lock 
when used in rowing. 2. The pin or handle of a scythe- 
snath. 

t THoLE, v. t. [Sax. tholian; Goth, thulan; G., D. dulden.] 
To bear ; to endure ; to undergo. — Gower. 

THoLE, v. i. To wait. [Local] 

THoLE, n. [L. tholus.] The roof of a temple. [Not used, 
or local.] 

THOL'O-BiTE, n. [Gr. So'Xos and (iaivu), 0aais.] The sub 
structure on which a dome or cupola rests ; a term pro 
posed by Mr. Hosking. — Gloss, of Ar chit. 

THO-MiEAN, 1 n. A name given in Europe to the ancient 

THo'MlTE, 5 church of Christian* established on the 
Malabar coast of India, and thought to have been origin- 
ally founded by St. Thomas. — Brande. 

THo'MA-ISM, ? n. The doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas- 

THo'MISM, ) w ith respect to predestination and jjrace 

THo'MIST, n. A follower of Thomas Aquinas, in opposition 
to the Scotists. 

THOM'SON-iTE (tom'sun-), n. A mineral of the zeelite fam- 
ily, generally of a columnar radiated structure, and vitre 
ous luster. It consists of silica, alumina, lime, and water, 
with some 6oda. Comptonite is identical with it. — Dana. 

THONG, n. [Sax. thwang.] A strap of leather, used for 
fastening any thing. — Dryden. 

THOR, n. In Scandinavian mythology, the son of Odin anj 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VrCIOUS.— € as 
T T T 



K ; A as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aa in this, t Obsolete 



THO 



1026 



THR 



Freya, and the deity that presided over all mischievous 
spirits in the elements. This deity was considered the 
god of thunder. From his name, Thor, we have Thurs- 
day, and from his attribute as god of thunder, the Ger- 
mans have their Donntrstag. — Brande. See Thursday. 

THO-RAC'IC (tho-ras'ik), a. [L. thorax.] Pertaining to the 
thorax or breast. 

FHO-RAC'ICS, n. pi. In ichthyology, an order of bony fishes, 
respiring by means of gills only, and having the ventral fins 
placed beneath the pectoral tins. 

THo'RAL, a. [L. thorus.] Pertaining to a bed. 

THO'RAX, n. [L.] 1. In anatomy, that part of the human 
skeleton which consists of the bones of the chest ; also, the 
cavity of the chest. — 2. In entomology, the second segment 
of insects ; that part of the body between the head and the 
abdomen. 3. A breast-plate, cuirass, or corselet 

THo'RI-A, I n. A white earthy substance obtained by 

THO-Rl'NA, 5 Berzelius, in 1829, from the mineral called 
thorite. It is an oxyd of thorium. 

THO'RiTE, n. A massive and compact mineral, found in 
Norway, and resembling Gadolinite. It contains 58 per 
cent, of the rare earth thoria combined with silica. — Dana. 

THO'RI-UM, > n. The metallic base of thoria. It is of a 

THO-Rl'NUM, 5 grayish color. 

THORN, n. [Sax. thorn ; G. dorn ; D. doom ; Dan. torne.] 
1. A tree or shrub armed with spines or sharp ligneous 
shoots, as the hawthorn, buckthorn, black thorn, white thorn, 
&c. 2. A sharp ligneous or woody shoot from the stem 
of a tree or shrub ; a sharp process from the woody part 
of a plant ; a spine. The name is also popularly given to 
the prickles of the rose. 3. Any thing troublesome. — 4. In 
Scripture, great difficulties and impediments, 5. Worldly 
cares ; things which prevent the growth of good princi- 
ples. — Matt., xiii. 

THORN'-AP-PLE (-ap'pl), n. [thorn and apple.] An annual 
plant of the genus datura ; a popular name of the datura 
stramonium and datura tatula. — Bigelow. 

THORN'-BUSH, n. A shrub that produces thorns. 

THORN'-HEDOE, n. [thorn and hedge.] A hedge or fence 
consisting of thorn. 

THORN'-SET, a. Set with thorns. 

THORN'BACK, n. [thorn and back.] A fish of the ray kind, 
which has prickles on its back. 

THORN'BUT, n. A fish ; a burt or turbot— Ainsworth. 

THORN'LESS, a. Destitute of thorns. 

THORNT, a. Full of thorns or spines ; rough with thorns.— 
Figuratively, occasioning pain or distress. — Syn. Prickly ; 
spiny ; briery ; troublesome ; vexatious ; harassing ; per- 
plexing ; sharp ; pricking. 

THORN'Y REST'-HAR-RoW, n. A plant.— Cyc. 

THORN'Y-TRE'FOIL, n. A prickly plant of the genus fa- 
gonia. 

THOROUGH (thur'ro), a. [Sax. thurh ; G. durch; D. door.] 
1. Literally, passing through or to the end ; hence, com- 
plete ; perfect. 2. Passing through. 

t THOR'OUGH (thur'ro), prep. 1. From sideto side, or from 
end to end. 2. By means of; see Through. 

THOR'OUGH (thur'ro), n. An inter-furrow between two 
ridges. — Cyc. 

THOR'oUGH-BaSE (thur'ro-base), n. In music, an accom- 
paniment to a continued base by figures. See Bask, n., 
No. 11. 

THOR'OUGH-BRED (thur'ro bred), a. [thorough and bred.] 

1. In horsemanship, bred from the best blood, as horses. 

2. Completely bred or accomplished. 
THOR'OUGH-GO-ING, a. Going all lengths.— Irving. 
THOROUGH-LIGHTED (thur'ro-ht'ed), a. A term applied 

to a room which has windows on opposite sides. — Gwilt. 

THOROUGH-PaCED (thur'ro - paste), a. [thorough and 
paced.] Perfect in what is undertaken ; complete ; going 
all lengths. 

THOROUGH-SPED (thur'ro-sped), a. [thorough and sped.] 
Fully accomplished ; thorough-paced.— Swift. 

THOROUGH-STITCH (thur'ro-stich), adv. Fully; com- 
pletely ; going the whole length of any business. 

THOR'OUGH- WAX (thur'ro-wax), n. [thorough and wax.] 
An umbelliferous plant of the genus bupleurum. — Lee. 

THOR'OUGH-WORT (thur'ro- wurt), n. An herb, the eupa- 
torium perfoliatum, or boneset, often used in medicine. 

THOROUGH-FIRE (thur'ro-fare), n. [thorough and fare.] 
1. A passage through ; a passage from one street or open- 
ing to another ; an unobstructed way. 2. Power of pass- 
ing. — Milton. 

THOROUGHLY (thur'ro-le), adv. Fully; entirely; com- 
pletely. 

THOROUGHNESS (thur'ro-nes), n. Completeness ; per- 
fectness. Stowe. 

THORP. [Sax. thorpe ; D. dorp ; G. dorf; Sw., Dan. torp ; 
W. trev ; Gaelic, Ir. treabh; L. tribus.] The word, in 
Welsh, signifies a dwelling-place, a homestead, a hamlet, a 
town. — In our language, it occurs now only in names of 
places and persons. 

THOSE, pron. ; pi. of That ; as, those men. See These. 



THOTH, n. Among the ancient Egyptians, the god of elo- 
quence, and supposed to be the inventor of writing and 
philosophy. He corresponded to the Mercury of the Ro- 
mans. 

THOU, pron. ; in the 067. thee. [Sax. thu; G., Sw., Dan. du, 
L., Fr., It., Sp., Port, tu.] The second personal pronoun, 
in the singular number ; the pronoun which is used in ad 
dressing persons in the solemn style. — Thou is used onby 
in the solemn style, unless in very familiar lunguage, and 
by the Quakers. 

THOU, v. t. To treat with familiarity.— Shak. 

THOU, v. i. To use thou and thee in discourse. 

THOUGH (tho), *. i. [Sax. theah ; Goth, thauh ; G. docti , 
Sw. dock ; D., Dan. dog. This is the imperative of a verb , 
commonly, but not correctly, classed among conjunctions.] 
1. Grant ; admit ; allow. 2. Used with as. 3. It is used 
in familiar .language, at the end of a sentence. 4. It ia 
compounded with all, in although, which see. 

THOUGHT, prct. and pp. of think ; pronounced thawt. 

THOUGHT (thawt), n. [primarily the passive participle 01 
think ; Sax. theaht.] 1. Properly, that which the mind 
thinks. Thought is either the act or operation of the 
mind when attending to a particular subject or thing, o' 
it is the idea consequent on that operation. 2. Something 
framed in the mind ; idea • conception. 3. Something 
framed by the imagination. 4. Particular consideration. 
5. That which one thinks ; opinion ; judgment. 6. The 
act of pondering ; meditation. 7. Design ; purpose. 8. 
Silent contemplation. 9. Solicitude ; care ; concern. 10. 
Inward reasoning; the workings of conscience. 11. A 
small degree or quantity; [obs.] — To take thought, to be 
solicitous or anxious. Matt., vi. — Syn. Idea; conception; 
imagination ; fancy ; conceit ; notion ; supposition ; re- 
flection ; consideration ; meditation ; contemplation ; cog- 
itation ; deliberation. 

THOUGHT-SICK (thawt), a. Uneasy with reflection. 

THOUGHTFUL (thawfful), a. 1. Full of thought; em- 
ployed in meditation. 2. Having the mind directed to an 
object ; as, thoughtful of gain. 3. Promoting serious 
thought ; favorable to musing or meditation. 4. Anxious ; 
solicitous. — Syn. Considerate ; deliberate ; contemplative ; 
attentive ; careful ; wary ; circumspect ; reflective ; dis- 
creet. 

THOUGHTFUL-LY (thawt-), adv. With thought or con- 
sideration ; with solicitude. 

THOUGHTFUL-NESS (thawt-), n. 1. Deep meditation. 2. 
Serious attention to spiritual concerns. 3. Anxiety ; so- 
licitude. 

THOUGHTLESS (thawt-), a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; neg 
ligent. 2. Gay ; dissipated. 3. Stupid ; dull. 

THOUGHTLESS-LY (thawt-), adv. Without thought; 
carelessly ; stupidly. — Garth. 

THOUGHTLESS-NESS (thawt-), n. Want of thought : 
heedlessness ; carelessness ; inattention. 

THOU'SAND, a. [Sa^.thusend ; Goth, thusund; G.tausend.] 
1. Denoting the number of ten hundred. — 2. Proverbially 
denoting a great number indefinitely. 

THOU'SAND, n. The number of ten hundred. 

THOU'SAND-FoLD, a. Multiplied by a thousand. 

THOUSANDTH, a. The ordinal of thousand. 

THOUSANDTH, n. The thousandth part of any thing 

THoWL, n. See Thole. 

f THRACK, v. t. To load or burden.— South. 

THRALL (thrawl), n. [Sax. thrall ; Dan. tral ; Sw. tral.] 1 
A slave. 2. Slavery ; [obs.] 

t THRALL, v. t. To enslave. [Enthrall is in use.] 

THRALL'DOM, n. [Dan. traldom.] Slavery; bondage; a 
state of servitude. 

THRAL'LESS, a. Having no thralls. 

THRa'NiTE, n. [Gr. Spavirns.] The uppermost of the 
three classes of rowers in an Athenian trireme. — Brande. 

THRAP'PLE (thrap'pl), n. The windpipe of an animal.— 
Scott. [Not an English word.] 

THRASH, v. t. [Sax. tharscan or therscan ; G. dreschen ; D. 
dorschen. It is written thrash or thresh.] 1. To beat out 
grain from the husk with a flail. 2. To beat Indian com 
off from the cob or spike. 3. To beat soundly with a 
stick or whip ; to drub. 

THRASH, v. i. 1. To practice thrashing ; to perform tin 
business of thrashing. 2. To labor ; to drudge. 

THRASHED (thrasht), pp. 1. Beaten out of the husk or 
off the ear. 2. Freed from the grain by beating. 

THRASHER, n. 1. One who thrashes grain. 2. The fox- 
shark or sea-fox, a large species of shark. — 3. Brown thrash- 
er, an American singing-bird of the thrush family ; the 
brown thrush. 

THRASHING, ppr. Beating out of the husk or ofl" the ear , 
beating soundly with a stick or whip. 

THRASHING, n. The act of beating out grain with a flail ; 
a sound drubbing. 

THRASH'ING-FLOOR, n. [thrash and floor.] A floor or 
area on which grain is beaten out. 

THRASH'ING-MA-cHINE', n. [thrash and machine.] A ma, 



See Synopsis. A. B, I, &c, long.— K. ft, 1 &c short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



THR 



1027 



THK 



chine or apparatus for separating grain from the straw. — 
Brande. 
THRA-SON'IC-AL, a. [from Thraso.] 1. Boasting; given to 

Dragging. 2. Boastful ; implying- ostentatious display. 
THRA-SONTG-AL-LY, adv. Boastfully.— Johnson, 
t THRIVE, n. [Sax. draf.] A drove ; a herd. 
THRIVE, n. [W. dreva.] 1. The number of two dozen. 2. 
Twenty-four (in some places, twelve) sheaves of wheat. — 
Halliwell. [North of England.] 
THREAD (thred), n. [Sax. thred, thread ; D. draad.] 1. A 
very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous 
substance, drawn out to a considerable length. 2. The 
filament of a flower. 3. The filament of any fibrous sub- 
stance, as of bark. 4. A fine filament or line of gold or 
silver. — 5. Air-threads, the fine white filaments which are 
seen floating in the air in summer, the production of spi- 
ders. 6. Something continued in a long course or tenor. 
7. The prominent spiral part of a screw. 
THREAD (thred), v. t. 1. To pass a thread through the 
eye ; as, to thread a needle. 2. To pass or pierce through, 
as a narrow way or channel. 

THReAD'-SHIPED (-shapte), a. In botany, filiform. 

THReAD'BaRE, a. [thread and bare.] 1. Worn to the na- 
ked thread ; having the nap worn off. 2. Worn out ; trite ; 
hackneyed ; used till it has lost its novelty or interest. 

THReAD'BaRE-NESS, n. The state of being threadbare 

or trite. 
THReAD'EN, a. Made of thread. [Little used.] 

THReADT (thred'e), a. 1. Like thread or filaments ; slen- 
der—Grander. 2. Containing thread. 

THREAP, v. t. [Sax. threapian, or, rather, threagan.] To 
chide, contend, or arsne. — Ainsworth. [Local.] 

THREAT (thret), n. [Sax. threat.] A menace ; denuncia- 
tion of ill ; declaration of an intention or determination to 
inflict punishment, loss, or pain on another. 

THREAT (thret), v. t. To threaten, which see.— Threat is 
used only in poetry. — Dryden. 

THREATEN (fhrefn), v. t. [Sax. threatian ; D. dreigen ; G. 
drohen.] 1. To declare the purpose of inflicting punish- 
ment, pain, or other evil on another for some sin or of- 
fense ; to menace. 2. To menace ; co terrify or attempt 
to terrify by menaces. 3. To charge or enjoin with men- 
ace or with implied rebuke ; or to charge strictly. 4. To 
menace by action ; to present che appearance of coming 
evil. 5. To exhibit the appearance of something evil or 
unpleasant approaching. 

THREATENED (threfnd), pp. or a. Menaced with evil. 

THReATEN-ER (threm-er), n. One who threatens. 

THReATEN-ING (chrefn-ing), ppr. 1. Menacing ; de- 
nouncing evil. 2. a. Indicating a threat or menace. 3. In- 
dicating' something impending. 

THREATEN-IN G, n. The act of menacing; a menace ; a 
denunciation of evil, or declaration of a purpose to in- 
flict evil on a person or country, usually for sins and of- 
fenses. 

THReATEN-ING-LY (thrern-ing-le), adv. With a threat 
or menace ; in a threatening manner. 

THReATFUL (threfful), a. Full of threats ; having a men- 
acing appearance ; minacious. — Spenser. 

THREE, a. [Sax. threo, thri, thry, and thrig ; Sw., Dan. tre ; 
G. drei ; D. drie ; Fr. trois ; It. tre ; Sp., L. tres.] 1. Two 
and one. 2. It is often used, like other adjectives, with- 
out the noun to which it refers. — 3. Proverbially, a small 
number ; as, ^ree-inched fool. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

THREE'-GAP-SuLED, a. Tricapsular ; having three cap- 
sules. 

THREE'-CELLED, a. Trilocular ; having three cells. 

THREE'-CLEFT, a. Trifid ; being thrice cleft 

THREE'-COR-NERED, a. [three and corner.] 1. Having 
three corners or angles. — 2. In botany, having three prom- 
inent longitudinal angles, as a stem. 

THREE'-ED6ED, a. Having three edees. 

THREE'-FLOW-ERED, a. [three and fwwer.] Bearingthree 
flowers together. — Martyn. 

THREE'-Fol.T), a. [three and fold,] Three-double; con- 
sisting of three. 

THREE'-GRaINED, a. Tricoccous ; having: three kernels. 

THREE'-LeAFED (-leeft), a. [three and leaf] Consisting 
of three distinct leaflets. 

THREE'-LoBED. a. [three and lobe.] A three-lobed leaf is 
one that is divided to the middle into three parts, standing 
wide from each other and having convex margins. 

THREE'-NERVED, a. [three and nerve.] A three-nerved leaf 
has three distinct vessels or nerves running longitudinally 
without branching. 

THREE'-PaRT-ED, a. [three and parted.] Tripartite ; di- 
vided nearly to the base into three parts or segments. 

* THREE'-PENCE (thrip'ence), n. [three and pence.] A 
small silver coin of three times the value of a penny. 

*THREE'-PEN-NY (thrip'en-ny), a. Worth three-pence 
only ; mean. 

THREE'-PET-ALED, a. [three and petal] Tripetalous ; 
consisting of three distinct petals, as a corol. 



THREE'-PiLE, n. [three and pile.] An old name for good 

velvet. — Shak. 
t THREE'-PiLED, a. Set with a thick pile.— Shak. 
THREE'-PLY (three'-pli), a. [three, and Fr. plier ; L.plico.] 
Three-fold ; consisting of three thicknesses or folds ; as, 
three-ply carpeting. 
THREE'-POINT-ED, a. Tricuspidate ; having three length 

ened points ending in a bristle. 
THREE'-RIBBED, a. Having three ribs. 
THREE'-SEED-ED, a. Having- three seeds. 
THREE'-SiD-ED, a. Having three plane sides. 
THREE'- VALVED, a. Trivalvular ; consisting of three 

valves ; opening with three valves. 
THREE'SCoRE, a, Thrice twenty ; sixty. 
tTHRENE, n. [Gr. Spnvos.] Lamentation.— Shak. 
THRE-NETTG, a. Sorrowful ; mournful— Shak. 
THREN'O-DY, n. [Gr.$ pr]V o<; and w6n.] A song of lament* 

tion. — Herbert. 
THRESH, v. t. To thrash. [See Thrash.] The latter is 
the popular pronunciation, but the word is written thrash 
or thresh, indifferently. 
THRESHER n. A thrasher, which see. 
THRESHOLD, n. [Sax. thcerscwald ; G. thurschtcelle.] 1 
The door-sill j the plank, stone, or piece of timber which 
lies at the bottom or under a door, particularly of a dwell- 
ing-house, church, temple, or the like ; hence, entrance , 
gate ; door. 2. Entrance ; the place or point of entering 
or beginning. 
THREW (thru), pret. of throw. 
THRiCE, adv. [from three.] 1. Three times. 2. Some 

times usedby way of amplification ; very. 
THRICE -Fa-VORED, a. Favored thrice ; highly favored 

— Irving. 
THRID, v. t. [W. treiziaw.] To slide through a narrow pass 
age ; to slip, shoot, or run through, as a needle, bodkin, 
or the like, 
t THRID. 7i. Thread.— Spenser. 
THRID'DED, pp. Slid through. 
THRIDDING, ppr. Sliding through ; cuusing to pass 

through. 
THRIFT, n. [from thrive.] 1. Good husbandry ; econom- 
ical management in regard to property. 2. Success and 
advance in the acquisition of property ; increase of world- 
ly goods ; gain. 3. Vigorous growth, as of a plant. — 4. In 
botany, a name of several species of flowering herbs of 
the genera statice and armeria. London. — SyiV. Frugal 
ity ; economy ; prosperity ; gain ; profit. 
THRIFT'I-LY, adv. 1. Frugally ; with parsimony. 2. With 

increase of worldly goods. 
THRIFTT-NESS, n, 1. Frugality ; good husbandry. 2 

Prosperity in business; increase of property. 
THRIFTLESS, a. Having no frugality or good manage- 
ment; profuse; extravagant; not thriving. — Shak. 
THRIFT'LESS-LY, adv. Without thriving- ; extravagantly. 
THRIFT'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being thriftless. 
THRIFTY, a. 1. Using economy and good management of 
property. — 2. More generally, thriving by industry and fru- 
gality ; prosperous in the acquisition of wordly goods ; in- 
creasing in wealth. 3. Thriving ; growing rapidly or vig- 
orously, as a plant 4. Well husbanded. — Syn. Frugal; 
sparing ; economical ; saving ; careful. 
THRILL, n. [see the verb.] LA drill. 2. A warbling ; [see 
Trill.] 3. A breathing-place or hole.— Herbert. 4. A 
thrilling sensation ; as, a thrill of horror. 
THRILL, v. t. [Sax. thyrlian, thirlian ; D. drillen, trillen ; G 
drillen.] 1. To bore ; to drill ; to perforate by turning a 
gimlet or other similar instrument. 2. To pierce ; to 
penetrate, as something sharp. 
THRILL, v. i. 1. To pierce ; to penetrate, as something 
sharp ; particularly, to cause a tingling sensation that runs 
through the system with a slight shivering. 2. To feel a 
sharp, shivering sensation running through the body. 
THRILLED (thrild), pp. Penetrated; pierced. 
THRILLING, ppr. or a. 1. Perforating; drilling. 2. Pierc 
ing ; penetrating ; having the quality of penetrating. 3 
Feeling a tingling, shivering sensation running through the 
system. 
THRILLTNG-LY, adv. With thrilling sensations. 
THRILL'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being thriUin? 
THRILLTNGS, n. pi. Thrilling sensations, 
t THRING, v. t. To press, crowd, or throng.— Chaucer 
THRIPS, n. [L. ; Gr.] A small spotted fly.— Harris.— Hen 

rick. 
THRIS'SA, n. A fish of the shad and herring kind, whose 
flesh is considered as being sometimes poisonous. It ia 
found in the waters of intertropical America, India, <fec. 
THRIVE, v. i. ; pret thrived ; pp. thrived or thriven. [Dan 
trives ; Sw. trifvas.] 1. To prosper by industry, econo- 
my, and good management of property ; to increase in 
goods and" estate. 2. To prosper in any business ; to have 
increase or success. 3. To grow ; to increase in bulk or 
stature ; to flourish. 4. To grow j to advance ; to in 
crease or advance in any thing valuable. 



Dove ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS -- G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f ^ ^Obsolete. 



THR 



1028 



THR 



f HRfV'ER, n. One who prospers in the acquisition of 
property. 

THRIVING, ppr. 1. Prospering in worldly goods. 2. a. 
Being prosperous or successful ; advancing in wealth ; in- 
creasing; growing. 

FHRlV'ING-LY, adv. In a prosperous way. 

THRIV'ING," NESS ' } n - Pros P ei % J g™^ 5 increase. 
THRO', a contraction of through, not now used. 
THROAT (throte), n. [Sax. throta, throte ; D. strote.] 1. The 
anterior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the 
gullet and wind-pipe, or the passages for the food and 
breath. — In medicine, the fauces. Cyc. — 2. The throat of a 
chimney is the part between the gathering, or portion of 
the funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue. 
Gwilt. — 3. In seamen's language, that end of a gaff which 
is next the mast ; also the rounded angular point where 
the arm of an anchor is joined to the shank. Totten. — 4. 
In ship-building, the inside of the knee-timber at the mid- 
dle or turns of the arms. 
THRoAT, v. t. To mow beans in a direction against their 

bending.— Cyc. [Local] 
THROAT-LATCH, n. A strap of a bridle, halter, &c, pass- 
ing under a horse's throat. 
THRoAT-PlPE. n. The wind-pipe, weasand or trachea. 
THROAT'-WoRT, n. [throat and wort.] A plant allied to 

the bell-flower. 
THROATY, a. Guttural.— Howell. 

THROB, v. i. [Gr. ^opv6co).] To beat, as the heart or pulse, 
with more than usual force or rapidity ; to beat in conse- 
quence of agitation ; to palpitate. 
THROB, n. A beat or strong pulsation ; a violent beating of 

the heart and arteries ; a palpitation. 
THPtOB'BING, ppr. or a. Beating with unusual force, as 

the heart and pulse ; palpitating. 
THROB'BING, n. The act of beating with unusual force, as 

the heart and pulse ; palpitation. 
THROD'D£N, v. i. To grow ; to thrive.— Grose. [Not in 

use.] 
THRoE (thro), n. [Sax. throwian.] Extreme pain ; violent 
pang ; anguish ; agony. It is particularly applied to the 
anguish of travail in child-birth or parturition. 
THROE, v. i. To agonize ; to struggle in extreme pain. 
THROE, v. t. To put in agony.— Shak. 
THROM'BUS, n. [Gr. ^po\xSo j.] A small tumor which some- 
times ensues from the escape of blood into the cellular 
membrane in the operation of bleeding. — Brande. 
THRONE, n. [L. thronus ; Gr. SpovoS ; Fr. trone.] 1. A 
royal seat ; a chair of state. 2. The seat of a bishop. — 3. 
In. Scripture, sovereign power and dignity. 4. Angels. — 
Col., i. 5. The place where God peculiarly manifests his 
power and glory. 
THRONE, v. t. 1. To place on a royal seat ; to enthrone. 
2. To place in an elevated position ; to give an elevated 
place to ; to exalt. 
THRONED, pp. Placed on a royal seat, or on an elevated 

seat; exalted. 
THRONE'LESS, a. Having no throne. 
THRoN'ING, ppr. Placing on a royal seat ; enthroning. 
THRONG, n. [Sax. thrang ; Ir. drong ; G., D. drang.] 1. A 
crowd ; a multitude of persons or of living beings pressing 
or pressed into a close body or assemblage. 2. A great 
multitude. 
THRONG, v. i. [Sax. thringan ; D. dringen ; G. drangen ; 
Dan. tranger.] To crowd together ; to press into a close 
body, as a multitude of persons ; to come in multitudes. 
THRONG, v. t. To crowd or press, as persons ; to oppress 

or annoy with a crowd of living beings. 
THRONGED (throngd), pp. or a. Crowded or pressed by 

a multitude of persons. 
THRONGING, ppr. or a. Crowding together ; pressing 

with a multitude of persons. 
THRONGING, n. The act of crowding together. 
fTHRONG'LY, adv. In crowds.— More. 
THROP'PLE (-pi), n. The wind-pipe of a horse.— Cyc. 
THROSTLE (throsl), n. [Sax. throstle.] A bird of the 

thrush kind ; the song-thrush. 
THROSTLE (throsl), n. A machine for spinning, which 
makes the wool smooth and wiry. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ- 
omy. 
THROSTLING, n. A disease tinder the throats of cattle of 

the ox kind. 
THROTTLE (throftl), n. The wind-pipe or trachea. 
THROTTLE, v. t. 1. To choke ; to suffocate ; or to obstruct 
bo as to endanger suffocation. 2. To utter with breaks 
and interruptions, as a person half suffocated. — Shah. 
THROTTLED, pp. 1. Choked ; suffocated. 2. Uttered 

with breaks and interruptions. 
THROTTLING, ppr. Choking; suffocating. 
THROUGH (throo), prep. [Sax. thurh ; D. door ; G. durch.] 
1. From end to end, or from side to side ; from one sur- 
face or limit to the opposite. 2. Noting passage. 3. By 
transmission, noting the means of conveyance. 4. By 



means of ; by the agency of ; noting instrumentality, d. 
Over the whole surface or extent. 6. Noting passage 
among or in the midst of. 
THROUGH (throo), adv. 3. From one end or side to the 
other. 2. From beginning to end. 3. To the end ; to the 
ultimate purpose.— To carry through, to complete ; to ao 
complish. — To go through. 1. To prosecute a scheme to 
the end. 2. To undergo ; to sustain. 
THROUGH'-BRED should be thorough-bred. 
t THROUGH'-LIGHT-ED should be thorough-lighted. 
t THROUGHLY (throole), adv. 1. Completely ; fully ; whui- 
ly. — Bacon. 2. Without reserve; sincerely. — Tillotson. 
[For this, thoroughly is now used.] 
THROUGH-OUT' (throo-outf), prep, [through and out,\ Quite 
through ; in every part ; from one extremity to the other. 
THROUGH-OUT' (throo-outf), adv. In every part. 
tTHRoUGH'-PAOED (throo'-paste). — More. See Thor- 
ough-paced. 
THROVE, oldpret. of thrive. 

THRoW, v. t. ; pret. threw ; pp. thrown. [Sax. thrawan.] 1. 
Properly, to hurl ; to whirl ; to fling or cast in a winding 
direction. 2. To fling or cast in any manner ; to prope* 
to send ; to drive to a distance from the hand or from an 
engine. 3. To wind. 4. To turn; [little used.] 5. To 
venture at dice. 6. To cast ; to divest or strip one's self 
of; to put off. 7. To cast; to send. 8. To put on; to 
spread carelessly. 9. To overturn ; to prostrate in wrest- 
ling. 10. To cast ; to drive by violence. 
To throw away. 1. To lose by neglect or folly ; to spend in 
vain. 2. To bestow without a compensation. 3. To re- 
ject.— To throw by, to lay aside or neglect as useless. — To 
throw down. 1. To subvert ; to overthrow ; to destroy. 
2. To bring down from a high station ; to depress. — To 
throw in. 1. To inject. 2. To put in ; to deposit with oth- 
ers ; also, to give up or relinquish. — To throw off. 1. To 
expel ; to clear from. 2. To reject ; to discard.— To throw 
on, to cast on ; to load. — To throw out. 1. To cast out ; to 
reject or discard ; to expel. 2. To utter carelessly ; to 
speak. 3. To exert ; to bring forth into act. 4. To dis- 
tance ; to leave behind. 5. To exclude ; to reject. — To 
throw up. 1. To resign. 2. To resign angrily. 3. To dis- 
charge from the stomach.— To throw one's self down, to lie 
down.— To throw one's self on, to resign one's self to the 
favor, clemency, or sustaining power of another ; to re- 
pose.— To throw silk, is to twist singles into a cord in a di- 
rection contrary to that in which the singles of which it is 
composed are twisted. 
THROW, v. i. 1. To perform the act of throwing. 2. To 
cast dice. — To throw about, to cast about ; to try expedi- 
ents ; [little used.] 
THRoW, n. 1. The act of hurling or flinging; a cast; a 
driving or propelling from the hand or from an engine. 

2. A cast of dice ; and the manner in which dice fall when 
cast. 3. The distance which a missile is or may be thrown • 
as, a stone's throw. 4. A stroke ; a blow. 5. Effort ; vio- 
lent 6ally. 6. The agony of travail ; [see Throe.] 7. A 
turner's lathe ; [local] 

THRoW'ER, n. One who throws ; one who twists or winds 

silk ; a throwster. 
THROWING, ppr. Casting ; hurling ; flinging. 
THROWN, pp. of throw. Cast ; hurled. ; wound or twisted. 
THROWN'-SILK, n. Silk consisting of two or more singles 

twisted together like a rope, in a direction contrary to that 

in which the singles of which it is composed are twisted 

— M'Culloch. 
THROWSTER, n. One who twists or throws silk. 
THRUM, n. [Ice. thraum ; G. trumm ; D. drom ; Gr. S-pv/ina.] 

1. The ends of weavers' threads. 2. Any coarse yarn.- 

3. Thrums, among gardeners, the thread-like, internal, 
bushy parts of flowers ; the stamens. 

THRUM, v. i. [D. trom.] To play coarsely on an instrument 

with the fingers. — Dryden. 
THRUM, v. t. 1. To weave ; to knot ; to twist ; to fringe.— 

2. Among seamen, to insert short pieces of rope-yarn or 
spun-yarn in a mat or piece of canvas, making a rough sur- 
face. — Totten. 

THRUM'MING, ppr. 1. Playing coarsely on an instrument. 
2. Weaving; knotting; twisting. 

THRUSH, n. [Sax. drisc ; G. drossel] 1. A dentirostral sing- 
ing-bird of various species, as, the missel-thrush, song- 
thrush or throstle, brown-thrush or thrasher, &c. 2. [qu. 
thrust.] An affection of the inflammatory and suppurating 
kind in the feet of the horse and some other animals. — 3. 
In medicine [L. apthce], minute ulcers in the mouth and 
fauces ; a disease characterized by roundish granular ves- 
icles of a pearl color, affecting the lips and mouth, and 
sometimes the whole alimentary canal, terminating in 
curd-like sloughs. — Good. 

THRUST, v. t. ; pret. and pp. thrust. [L. trudo, trusum, trus- 
ito.] 1. To push or drive with force. 2. To drive; to 
force ; to impel. 

THRUST, v. i. 1. To make a push ; to attack with a point- 
ed weapon. 2. To enter by pushing ; to squeeze in. a 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—K, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



THU 



1029 



THY 



To intrude. 4. To push forward ; to come with force ; to 
press on. 
THRUST, n. 1. A violent push or driving, as with a point- 
ed weapon, or with the hand or foot, or with any instru- 
ment; [a word much used in fencing.] 2. Attack; assault. 
— 3. In architecture, a horizontal outward pressure, as of 
an arch against its abutments, or of rafters against the 
walls which support them. Brande. — Push and shove do 
not exactly express the sense of thrust. The two former 
imply the application of force by one body already in con- 
tact with the body to be impelled. Thrust, on the con- 
trary, often implies the impulse or application of force by 
a moving body, a body in motion before it reaches the 
body to be impelled. 
THRUSTER, n. One who thrusts or stabs. 
THRUSTING, ppr. Pushing with force ; driving ; impel- 
ling ; pressing. 
THRUSTING, n. 1. The act of pushing with force.— 2. In 
dairies, the act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel 
the whey.— Cyc. ; [local] 
THRUSTING-S€REW (-skrii), n. A screw for pressing 

curd in cheese-making. [Local.] 
THRUSTING®, n. pi. In cheese-making, the white whey, or 
that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and 
of which butter is sometimes made. 
THRUS'TLE (thrusl), n. The thrush. See Throstle. 
THRy'-FAL'LoW, v. t. [thrice and fallow.] To give the 

third plowing in summer. — Tusser. 
THUG, n. [Hindoo thugna, to deceive.] One of an associ- 
ation of robbers and murderers in India. 
THd'Le, n. The name given, in early history, to the north- 
ernmost part of the habitable world, as Norway, or, more 
probably, Iceland ; hence the Latin phrase ultima thule. 
THu'LlTE, n. A variety of epidote, of a peach-blossom col- 
or, found in Norway. 
THUMB (thum), n. [Sax. thuma ; Dan. tomme ; Sw. tumme.] 
The short, thick finger of the human hand, or the corre- 
sponding member of other animals. 
THUMB, v. t. 1. To handle awkwardly ; to play with the 

fingers. 2. To soil with the fingers. 
THUMB, v. i. To play on with the fingers. 
THUMB-BAND, n. [thumb and hand.] A twist of any thing 

as thick as the thumb. — Mortimer. 
THUMB-RING, n. A ring worn on the thumb.— Shaft. 
THUMB'-STALL, n. [thumb and stall.] A kind of thimble 
or ferrule oi" iron, horn, or leather for protecting the thumb 
in making sails, &c. — Cyc. 
THUMBED (thumd), a. Having thumbs. 
THUMBED, pp. Handled awkwardly ; soiled with the fin- 
gers. 
THUMBING, ppr. Soiling with the fingers. 
THUMB'KIN, ? n. An instrument of torture for com- 

THUMB'-SCREW, 5 pressing the thumb. 
THUM'ER-SToNE, n. A mineral, axinite, which see. 
THUM'MIM, n. pi. A Hebrew word denoting perfections. 
The Urim and Thummim were worn in the breast-plate of 
the high-priest. 
THUMP, n. [It. thombo.] A heavy blow given with any thing 

that is thick, as with a club or the fist. 
THUMP, v. t. To strike or beat with something thick or 

heavy. — Shak. 
THUMP, v. i. To strike or fall on with a heavy blow. 
THUMPED (thumpt), pp. Struck with something heavy. 
THUMPER, n. The person or thing that thumps. 
THUMPING, ppr. 1. Striking or beating with something 
thick or blunt. 2. a. Heavy. — 3. Vulgarly, stout ; fat ; large. 
THUNTDER, n. [Sax. thunder, thunor ; G. donner ; D. don- 
der ; Sw. dunder ; Dan. dundren.] 1. The sound which 
follows a flash of lightning ; the report of a discharge of 
atmospheric electricity. Thunder is cauaed by the sud- 
den separation and reunion of the air through which the 
lightning passes. Olmsted.— 2. Thunder is used for light- 
ning, or for a thunder-bolt, either originally through igno- 
rance, or by way of metaphor, or because the lightning 
and thunder are closely united. 3. Any loud noise. 4. 
Denunciation published. 
THUNT>ER, v. i. 1. To sound, rattle, or roar, as an explo- 
sion of electricity. 2. To make a loud noise, particularly 
a heavy sound of some continuance. 3. To rattle, or give 
a heavy, rattling sound. 
THUNTDER, v. t. 1. To emit with noise and terror. 2. To 

publish any denunciation or threat. 
THUN'DER-BLXST-ED, a. Blasted by thunder.— Scott. 
PHUN'DER-BoLT, n. [thunder and bolt.] 1. A shaft of light- 
ning; a brilliant stream of the electrical fluid passing from 
one part of the heavens to another, and particularly from 
the clouds to the earth. Ps. lxxviii.— 2. Figuratively, a 
daring or irresistible hero. 3, Fulmination; ecclesiastical 
denunciation. — 4. In mineralogy, thunder-stone. Spec- 
tator. 
THUNTDER-BURST, n. A burst of thunder.— Hemans. 
THUN'DER-€LAP, n. [thunder and. clap.] A burst of thun- 
der ; sudden report of an explosion of electricity. 



THUN'DER-CLOUD, n. [thunder and cloud.] A cloud thai 

produces lightning and thunder. 
THUN'DER-HOUSE, n. An instrument for illustrating thf 

manner in which buildings receive damage by lightning. 
THUN'DER-SHOW-ER, n. [thunder and shower.] A show 

er accompanied with thunder. 
THUN'DER-SToNE, n. A stone, otherwise called brontia. 
THUN'DER-STORM, n. [thunder and storm.] A storm of 
wind, rain, or hail, accompanied with lightning and thunder. 
THUN'DER-STRlKE, v. t. 1. To strike, blast, or injure by 
lightning. — Sidney ; [rare.] 2. To astonish or strike dumb, 
as with something terrible ; [little used, except in the parti- 
ciple.] 
THUN'DER-STRUGK, pp. or a. Astonished ; amazed , 
struck dumb by something surprising or terrible suddenly 
presented to the mind or view. 
THUN'DER-ER, n. He who thunders.— Dryden. 
THUN'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Making the noise of an elec- 
trical explosion ; uttering a loud sound. 
THUN'DER-ING, n. The report of an electrical explosion ; 

thunder. — Ex., ix. 
THUN'DER-OUS, a. Producing thunder.— Milton. [Rare.] 
THUN'DER-Y, a. Accompanied with thunder. [Little used.] 
THUN'NER, n. Thunder. [North of England.] 
t THu'RI-BLE, n. [L. thuribulum.] A censer oi metal, usu- 
ally in the form of a vase, with a cover perforated to allow 
the fumes of the burning incense to escape. — Gl. of Arch. 
— Cowel. 
THU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. thurifer.] Producing or bearing 

frankincense. 
THU-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. thus, thuris, sndfacio.] The act 

of fuming with incense ; or the act of burning incense. 
THURL, n. A short communication between adits in mines. 

— Brande. 
THURS'DAY, n. [Dan. Torsdag, that is, Thor's day, the day 
consecrated to Thor, the god of thunder, answering to the 
Jove of the Greeks and Romans ; L. dies Jovis ; It. Giove- 
di ; Sp. Jueves ; Fr. Jeudi. So in G. donnerstag, D. don 
derdag, thunder-day.] The fifth day of the week. 
THUS, n. [Gr. Svw, to sacrifice.] The resin of the spruce- 

fir, so called from its use. 
THUS, adv [Sax. thus ; D. dus.] 1. In this or that manner , 
on this wise. 2. To this degree or extent. — 3. In the phrase 
thus much, it seems to be an adjective, equivalent to thi» 
much. 
THWACK, v. t. [qu. Sax. thaccian.] To strike with some- 
thing flat or heavy. — Syn. To strike ; bang ; beat ; thrash , 
belabor ; thump. 
THWACK, n. A heavy blow with something flat or heavy 
THWACK'ING, ppr. Striking with a heavy blow. 
THWaITE, n. 1. A fish, a species of the shad. See Twaite. 
2. A plain parcel of ground, cleared of wood and stumps, 
inclosed and converted to tillage ; [local.] 
THWART, a. [D. dwars ; Dan. tver, tvert, tvers ; Sw. tvars, 

tvari.] Transverse ; being across something else. 
THWART, v. t. 1. To cross ; to be, lie, or come across the 
direction of something. 2. To cross, as a purpose ; to op- 
pose ; to resist; to withstand; to contravene; hence, to 
frustrate or defeat. 
THWART, v. i. To be in opposition.— Locke. 
THWART, n. The seat or bench of a boat on which the 

rowers sit, placed athwart the boat. — Totten. 
THWART-SHIPS, adv. Across the ship.— Mar. Diet. 
THWARTED, pp. Crossed; opposed; frustrated. 
THWARTER n. A disease in sheep, indicated by shaking, 

trembling, or convulsive motions. — Cyc. 
THWARTING, ppr. Crossing; contravening; defeating. 
THWARTING, n. The act of crossing or frustrating. 
THWARTING-LY, adv. In a cross direction ; in oppositioa 
THWARTNESS, n. Untowardness ; perverseness. 
THWlTE, v. t. [Sax. thwitan.] To cut or clip with a knife. 

— Chaucer. [Local.] 
THWITTLE, v. t. To whittle.— Chaucer. See Whittle. 
* THY, a. [contracted from thine, or from some other deriv- 
ative of thou.] Thy is the adjective of thou, or a pronom- 
inal adjective, signifying of thee, or belonging to thee, like 
tuus in Latin. It is used in the solemn and grave style. 
THY'iNE-WOOD, n. A precious wood, mentioned Rev.. 
xviii. ; probably the wood of Callitris quadrivalvis, former- 
ly called Thuja or Thyia articulata, the citron-wood of the 
Romans. It is a tree of Barbary, allied to the pines, and 
thought to produce the sandarac of commerce. — Kitto.—- 
P. Ct/c. 
THYME (usually pronounced, irregularly, time), n. [Fr. 
thym; L. thymus; Gr. 3u//o$.] An aromatic plant of the 
genus thymus, used in cookery. 
THy'MUS, n. [Gr. .$u//ck.] A gland situated in front of the 
pericardium and the large vessels arising from the base 
of the heart. It is of great comparative size in the fetus, 
but afterward becomes smaller, and at last nearly disap- 
pears. Its use is unknown. In the calf and lamb it is 
called sweet-bread; but this name is also given to the 
pancreas.— P. Cyc 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



TID 



1030 



TIG 



THt'MY (ti'my), a. Abounding with thyme ; fragrant 

THY'ROID, a. [Gr. Svpcog and eiSog.] Resembhng a shie A. ; 
applied to one of the cartilages ot the larynx, sometimes 
called Adam's apple ; also applied to a gland adjacent to 
the thyroid cartilage. 

THYRSE (thurs), > n. [L. thyrsus; Gr. SvpaoS.] In botany, 

THYR'SUS (thur-), j a species of inflorescence ; a panicle, 
very compact, with the lower branches shorter than those 
of the middle, as in the lilac. — Lindley. 

THYR'SOID (thur-), a. Having somewhat the form of a 
thyrse or thyrsus. 

THYRSUS (thur-), n. [Gr. SvpaoS-] A staff entwined with 
ivy, which formed part of the accouterment of a Baccha- 
nal or performer in the orgies of Bacchus. — Brande. 

THYS-AN-U'RANS, n. pi. [Gr. Svadvovpos, having a long, 
bushy tail.] An order of apterous insects, with six feet, 
that undergo no metamorphosis, and have, in addition, par- 
ticular organs of motion, either on the sides or at the ex- 
tremity of the abdomen. — Cuvier. 

THY-SELF', pron. [thy and self.] A pronoun used after 
thou, to express distinction with emphasis; as, thou thy- 
self shalt go. 

"Tl-l'RA, n. [Fr. tiare; L., Sp., It. tiara; Gr. napa.] 1. 
An ornament or article of dress with which the ancient 
Persians covered their heads ; a kind of turban. 2. An 
ornament worn by the Jewish high-priest. — Ex., xxviii. 
_3. The pope's_ triple crown. 

Ti-a'RAjED (ti-a'rad), a. Adorned with a tiara. 

TIB'I-A, n. [L.] The shin-bone ; the larger of the two 
bones which form the second segment of the leg. — Brande. 

TIB'I-AL, a. [L. tibia.] 1. Pertaining to the large bone of 
the leg. — Med. Repos. 2. Pertaining to a pipe or flute. 

TIB'U-RO, n. A fish of the shark kind. 

Tie D6U-L6U-REUK'. [Fr.] A painful affection of anerve, 
coming on in sudden attacks, usually in the head. 

f TICE, for entice. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

TICH'OR-RHINE, n. [Gr. ra%oj and * tv .] A fossil rhinoce- 
ros, with a middle, vertical, bony septum or wall support- 
ing the nose.— Brande. 

TICK, n. Credit ; trust ; as, to buy upon tick. — Locke. 

TI€K, n. [Fr. tique ; G. zecke.] A little insect that infests 
sheep, dogs, goats, cows, &c. 

TICK, n. [D. teek, tyk.] The cover or case of a bed, which 
contains the feathers, wool, or other material. 

TI€K, v. i. 1. To run upon score. 2. To trust. 

TLGK, v. i. [D. tikken.] To beat ; to pat ; or to make a small 
noise by beating or otherwise, as a watch. 

TI€K'-BE AN, n. A small bean employed in feeding horses 
and other animals. — Gyc. 

TICK-SEED, n. A plant of the genus corispermum. The 
tick-seed sunflower is of the genus coreopsis. — Loudon. 

TICK'EN, n. Cloth for bed-ticks, or cases for beds. 

TICKET, n. [Fr. etiquette ; W. tocyn.] 1. A piece of paper 
or a card, which gives the holder a right of" admission to 
some place. 2. A piece of paper or writing, acknowledg- 
ing some debt, or a certificate that something is due to the 
holder. 3. A piece of paper bearing some number in a 
lottery, which entitles the owner to receive such prize as 
may be drawn against that number. 

TICKET, v. t. To distinguish by a ticket. — Bentley. 

TICKET-PoRTER, n. A licensed porter, wearing a ticket, 
by which he may be identified. — Dickens. [England.] 

TICKET-ED, pp. Distinguished by a ticket. 

TI€K'ET-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by a ticket. 

TICKING, ppr. 1. Beating; patting. 2. Trusting; scoring. 

TICKING, n. A closely-woven cloth used to contain the 
feathers or other materials of beds. 

TICKLE (tiki), v. t. {dim. of touch.] 1. To touch lightly, and 
cause a peculiar, thrilling sensation, which can not be de- 
scribed. 2. To please by slight gratification. 

TICKLE, v. i. To feel titillation.— .Spercser. 

t TICKLE, a. Tottering; wavering, or liable to waver and fall 
at the slightest touch ; unstable ; easily overthrown. — Sliak. 

t TICKLE-NESS, n. Unsteadiness.— Chaucer. 

TICKLER, n. One who tickles or pleases. 

TICK'LING, ppr. Affecting with titillation. 

TICKLING, n. The act of affecting with titillation. 

TICKLISH, a. 1. Sensible to slight touches ; easily tickled. 

2. Tottering ; standing so as to be liable to totter and fall 
at the slightest touch ; unfixed ; easily moved or affected, 

3. Difficult ; nice ; critical. — Swift. 

TICKLISH-LY, adv. In a ticklish manner. 

TICKLISH-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being tick- 
lish. 2. The state of being tottering or liable to fall. 3. 
Criticalness of condition or state. 

TICKTACK, n. A game at tables. See Tkick-tkack. 
TID, a. [Sax. tydder.] Tender ; soft ; nice. 
TID'-BIT, n. [tid and bit.] A delicate or tender piece. 
TIDAL, a. Pertaining to tides ; periodically rising and falling, 
or flowing and ebbing ; as, tidal waters. [Modern English.] 
TID'DLE, ? 



TIDTjER, 5 



v. t. To use with tenderness ; to fondle. 



TIDTjLED, pp. Fondled. 



TlDE, n. [Sax. tidan, to happen ; tid, time , G. zeit ; D. tyd , 
Sw., Dan. tid.] 1. Time ; season.— Spenser ; [obs.] 2°. The 
alternate rising and falling of the waters of the ocean and 
of bays, rivers, &c, connected therewith. The tide ebba 
and flows twice in a little more than twenty-four hours. 
It is occasioned by the 'attraction of the sun and moon 
(the influence of the latter being three times that of the for- 
mer) acting unequally on the waters in different part3 oi 
the earth, thus disturbing their equilibrium. — Olmsted. [See, 
also, Spring-tide and Neap-tide.] 3. Stream ; course ■' 
current. 4. Favorable course. 5. Violent confluence 
[obs.] — 6. Among miners, the period of twelve hours. 7 
Current ; flow of blood. 

TIDE, v. t. To drive with the stream. — Dryden. 

TlDE, v. i. To work in or out of a river or harbor by favor 
_of the tide, and anchor when it becomes adverse. — Totten 

TiDE'-GaTE, n. 1. A gate through which water passes 
into a basin when the tide flows, and which is shut to re 
tain the water from flowing back at the ebb.— 2. Amon^ 
seamen, a place where the tide runs with great velocity. 

TiDE-GaUgE, n. A contrivance for registering the state 
of the tide continuously at every instant of time. — Brandt 

TlDE'-MILL, n. A mill that is moved by tide-water ; also, 
a mill for clearing lands from tide-water. 

TlDE'-WIIT-ER, n. An officer who watches the landing 
of goods, to secure the payment of duties. 

TiDE'-WaY, n. The channel in which the tide sets. 

TlDES'-MAN, n. An officer who remains on board of a 
merchant's ship till the goods are landed, to prevent th« 
evasion of the duties. 

TIDE'LESS, a. Having no tide. 

Tl'DIED (ti'did), pp. Made tidy 

Ti'Dl-LY, adv. Neatly ; with neat simplicity. 

Tl'DI-NESS, n. 1. Neatness without richness or elegance , 
neat simplicity. 2. Neatness. 

Ti'DING-LESS, a. Having no tidings. 

Tl'DINGS, n. pi. [Sw. tidning ; Dan. tidende.] News ; ad- 
vice ; information ; intelligence ; account orwhat has tak- 
en place, and was not before known. 

TIDY, a. [from tide, time ; Dan., Sw. tidig.] 1. In its pri- 
mary sense, seasonable ; favorable ; being in proper time ; 
as, weather fair and tidy. — Tusser. 2. Neat ; dressed with 
_neat simplicity. 3. Neat ; being in good order. 

Tl'D Y, v. t. To make neat ; to put in good order. 

Tl'DY-ING, ppr. Making tidy. 

TlE, ?v. t. [Sax. dan, for tigan, to bind; tig, tige, a tie, a 

TyE, 5 purse.] 1. To bind ; to fasten with a band or cord 
and knot. 2. To fold and make fast. 3. To knit ; to com- 
plicate. 4. To fasten ; to hold ; to unite so as not to be 
easily parted. 5. To oblige ; to constrain ; to restrain ; to 
confine. — 6. In music, to unite notes by a cross line, or by 
a curve line drawn over them. 

TIE, n. 1. A knot ; fastening. 2. Bond ; obligation, moral 
or legal. 3. A knot of hair. Young. — 4. In architecture, a 
piece of timber or metal for binding two bodies together 
— 5. In music, a character to connect syncopated notes 
6. An equality in numbers, as of votes, &c, which pre- 
sents either party from being victorious. 

TiE'-Be AM, n. The beam which connects the bottom of a 
pair of principal rafters, and prevents them from thrusting 
out the wall. — Gwilt. 

TlED, 1pp. Bound; fastened with a knot ; confined ; re- 

TY.ED, ) strained ; united, as notes. 

TIER, n. [Heb. -fit:.] A row; a rank; particularly when 
two or more rows are placed one above another. 

* TJERCE (ters or teers), n. [Fr. tiers.] 1. A cask whose 
content is one third of a pipe, that is, forty gallons ; or, it 
may be, the measure. — 2. In Ireland, a weight by which 
provisions are sold.— 3. In music, a third.™4. In gaming, 
a sequence of three cards of the same color. 5. A thrust 
in fencing. — 6. In heraldry, a field divided into three parts 

* TIER'CEL, > n. In falconry, a name given to the male 

* TIERCE'LET, > hawk, as being a third part less than the 
female. — Cyc. 

TIeR'CET, n. [from tierce.] In poetry, a triplet ; three lines, 

or three fines rhyming. 
TIeRS'-E-TaT (teerz'-a-ta/), n. [Fr.] In France, the third 

branch or commonalty, answering to the commons in 

Great Britain. 
TIFF, n. [qu. tipple, tope.] 1. Liquor ; or, rather, a small 

draught of liquor. — Halliwell ; [vulgar.] 2. A pet or fit of 

peevishness ; a slight altercation. — Johnson. 
TIFF, v. i. To be in a pet. — Johnson. [Lqw.] 
t TIFF, v. t. To dress. 
TIF'FA-NY, n. [According to the Italian and Spanish diction. 

aries, this word is to be referred to taffeta.] A species of 

gauze or very thin silk. 
TIFFE-DE-MER', n. A species of sea-plant, resembling tne 

cat-tail. — Cyc. 
TIF'FIN, n. A word introduced from India, denoting a lunch 

or slight repast between breakfast and dinner. — Malcom. 
TIG, n. A play. See Tag. 
TIGE, n. [Fr., a stalk.J The shaft of a column.— Gwilt. 



• See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, g, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



TIL 



1031 



TIM 



ITGER, ?i. (Fr. tigrt ; It tigro ; L. tigris.] 1. A fierce and 
rapacious teline quadruped of Asia, /efts tigris. The jaguar 
is sometimes called the American tiger. — Blackwood. 2. A 
jervant in livery, who rides with his master or mistress. 

Tl'GER-CAT, n. A name sometimes given to the lesser 
striped and spotted feline quadrupeds, not including the 
_tigers, leopards, and panthers. — P. Cyc. 

Tl'GER-FOOT-ED, a. Hastening to devour ; furious. 

Tl'GER-SHELL, n. [tiger and shell] A name given to a 
red shell, with large white spots, of the genus cypraa, or 
cowry kind. 

TTGER'S-FOQT, n. A plant of the genus ipomtza or con- 
volvulus. 

Ti'GER-ISH, a. Like a tiger. 

TlGH, n. In Kent, a close or inclosure. 

TIGHT (tite), a. [G. dicht ; D., Sw, Dan. digt.] 1. Close ; 
compact ; not loose or open ; having the joints so close that 
no fluid can enter or escape ; not leaky. 2. Close ; not ad- 
mitting much air. 3. Sitting close to the body, as clothes. 
4. Close ; not having holes or crevices ; not loose. 5. 
Close ; hard ; as, a tight bargain ; [in common use in Amer- 
ica.] 6. Close ; parsimonious ; saving ; as, a man tight in 
his dealings ; [ in common use in America. ] 7. Closely 
dressed; not ragged.— Gay. 8. Hardy ; adroit.— Shah. 9. 
Not slack or loose ; applied to a rope extended or stretched 
_out. — Totten. [Taught is used by seamen.] 

TIGHTEN (tlth), v. t. To draw tighter ; to straiten ; to 
jnake more close in any manner. 

TIGHTEN ED (tirhd), pp. or a. Drawn tighter ; straitened. 

TlGHT'EN-LNG (tif n-ing), ppr. Drawing tighter ; making 
more close. 

r TIGHTER, n. 1. A ribbon or string used to draw clothes 
^loser. 2. a. More tight. 

TlGHT'LY, adv. 1. Closely ; compactly. 2. Neatly ; adroitly. 

TIGHTNESS, n. 1. Closeness of joints ; compactness ; 
straitness. 2. Neatness, as in dress. 3. Parsimonious- 
_ness ; closeness in dealing. 

Tl'GRESS, n. [from tiger.] The female of the tiger. 

Tl'GRINE (ti'grin), a. Like a tiger. 

Tl'GRISH, a. Resembling a tiger. — Sidney. 

TIKE. n. A tick. See Tick. 

TlKE, n. [Celtic tidk, tiac, a plowman.] 1. A countryman 
or clown. 2. A dog. — Shah. 

TILBU-RY. n. A kindjaf gig or two-wheeled carriage, with- 
out a top. 

TlLE, n. [Sax. tig el i D. tegel or tichgel.] 1. A plate or 
piece of baked clay or earthen-ware, used for covering the 
roofs of buildings. — 2. In metallurgy, a small, flat piece of 
dried earth, used to cover vessels in which metals are 
fused. 3. A piece of baked clay used in drains. 

TILE, v. t. 1. To cover with tiles. 2. To cover, as tiles. 

TlLE'-EARTH (-erth), n. A species of strong, clayey earth ; 
_stiff and stubborn land. — Cyc. [Local] 

TlLE'-oRE, n. A variety of octahedral red copper ore. 

TILED, pp. or a. Covered with tiles. 

TIL'ER, n. A man whose occupation is to cover buildings 
with, tiles. — Bacon. 

TlL TNG, ppr. Covering with tiles. 

TlLTNG, n. 1. A roof covered with tiles.— Luke, v. 2. Tiles 
in general. 

TILL, n. A vetch: a tare. [Local] 

TILL, n. A money-box in a shop ; a drawer. 

TILL, prep, or adv. [Sax. til, title ; Sw., Dan. til] 1. To the 
time or time of; as, till to-day. 2. It is used before verbs 
and sentences in a like sense, denoting to the time speci- 
fied in the sentence or clause following ; as, I will wait till 
you arrive. 

TILL, v. t. [Sax. tilian, tiligan.] 1. To labor ; to cultivate ; 
to plow and prepare for seed, and to dress crops. — 2. In 
the most general sense, to till may include every species 
of husbandry, and this may be its sense in Scripture. 

TILL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being tilled ; arable ; fit for the 
plow.— Carew. 

TILL'AQE, n. The operation, practice, or art of preparing 
land for seed, and keeping the ground free from weeds', 
which might impede the growth of crops. — Syn. Cultiva- 
tion : culture ; husbandry ; farming ; agriculture. 

TILLED, pp. Cultivated ; prepared for seed and kept clean. 
ITLL'ER, n. 1. One who tills ; a husbandman; a cultiva- 
tor ; a plowman. 2. The bar or lever employed to turn 
the rudder of a ship. 3. A small drawer ; a till.— 4. Among 
farmers, the shoot of a plant, springing from the root or 
bottom of the original stalk ; also, the sprout or young tree 
that springs from the root or stump. 5. A young timber 
tree: [local] 

TLLL'ER., r. i. To put forth new shoots from the root or 
round the bottom of the original stalk. 

TILL'ER-RoPE, n. The rope which forms a communica- 
tion between the fore-end of the tiller and the wheel. 

TILL'ER-ING, ppr. Sending out new shoots round the 
bottom of the original stem. 

TLLLBR-IXG, n. "The act of sending forth young shoots 
from the root or round the bottom of the original stalk. 



TILLING, ppr. Cultivating. 

TILLING, n. The operation of cultivating land ; culture. 

t TILL'MAN, n. A man who tills the earth ; a husbandman, 

t TILLY-FAL-LY, ) adv. or a. A word formerly used when 

t TILLY- VAL-LY, J any thing said was rejected as trifling 
or impertinent. 

TIL'MUS, n. [Gr. r<AAu>.] Picking of the bed-clothes, or 
floccillation ; a symptom of the fatal termination of some 
disorders. — Brande. 

TILT, n. [Sax. teld ; Dan. tell] 1. A tent ; a covering over 
head. — Denham. 2. The cloth covering of a cart or wag- 
on. 3. The cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning 
of canvas or other cloth, extended over the stern-sheeta 
of a boat. 

TILT, v. t. To cover with a cloth or awning.— Phillips. 

TILT, n. 1. A thrust.— 2. Formerly, a military exercise ou 
horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other 
with lances ; as, tilts and tournaments. 3. A large ham- 
mer ; a tilt-hammer, used in iron manufactures. 4. Inch- 
nation forward. 

TILT, v. t. [Sax. tealtian.] 1. To incline ; to raise one end, 
as of a cask, for discharging liquor. 2. To point or thrust, 
as a lance. 3. To hammer or forge with a tilt-hammer or 
tilt. 4. To cover with a tilt 

TILT, v. i. 1. To run or ride and thrust with a lance ; to 
practice the military game or exercise of thrusting at each 
other on horseback. 2. To fight with rapiers. 3. To 
rush, as in combat. 4. To play unsteadily ; to ride, float, 
and toss. 5. To lean ; to fall, as on one side. 

TILT-B5AT, n. A boat covered with canvas or other cloth. 

TILT'-HAM-MER, n. [tilt and hammer.] A heavy hammer, 
used in iron-works, which is lifted by a wheel 

TILTED, pp. 1. Inclined ; made to stoop ; covered with 
cloth or awning. 2. Hammered ; prepared by beating, as 
steel. 

TILT'ER, n. One who tilt3 ; one who uses the exercise of 
pushing a lance on horseback ; one who fights. 2. One 
who hammers with a tilt. 

TILTH, n. [Sax. tilth.] 1. The state of the soil in respect 
to plowing, manuring, &c. 2. That which is tilled : till- 
age ground; [obs.] 

TILTING, n. The process by which blister-steel is ren 
dered ductile. This is done by beating with the tilt-ham- 
mer. — B uchanan. 

TILTING, ppr. Inclining; causing to stoop or lean; using 
the game of thrusting with the lance on horseback. 
| TIMTiAL, n. A kettle-drum. See Tymbal. 
i TIMBER, n. [Sax. timber ; Sw. timmer.] 1. That sort of 
wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils, 
furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like ; applied to 
a standing tree suitable for suck purposes, or pieces of 
wood prepared for use by hewing or sowing. 2. The body 
or stem of a tree. 3. The materials [in irony.] 4. A 
single piece or squared stick of wood for building, vv al- 
ready framed. — 5. In ships, a timber is a rib or carving 
piece of wood, branching outward from the keel in a ver- 
tical direction. 

TIMBER, v. t. To furnish with timber. See Timbered. 

TDI'BER, v. i. 1. To light on a tree. — H 'Estrange ; [obs.]— 

2. In falconry, to make a nest. — Cyc. 
TIMBER-HEAD (-bed), n. In ships, the top end of a tim- 
ber, rising above the gunwale, and serving for belaying 
ropes, &c. ; otherwise called kevelhead. 

TIMBER-SOW, n. A worm in wood.— Bacon. 

TIM'BER-TREE. n. A tree suitable for timber. 

TIMBER-WORK (-wurk), n. Work formed of wood. 

TIMBER-YARD, n. [timber and yard.] A yard or place 
where timber is deposited. 

TIMBERED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with timber. In the 
United States, we say land is well timbered when it is cov- 
ered with good timber-trees. 2. Built ; formed ; contrived 
[little used.] 

TIMBER-ING, ppr. Furnishing with timber. 

TIMBRE (-ber), n. [D. timber.] A crest on a coat-of-arms. 

TIMBREL, n. [Sp. tamboril; It. tamburo ; Fr. tambourin, 
tambour.] An instrument of music ; a kind of drum, tabor, 
or tabret, which has been in use from the highest antiquity. 

TIMBRELED. a. Sung to the sound of the timbrel. 

TIM-BU-RiNE', n. Set Tambourine. 

TIME. n. [Sax. dm, tima, time; Dan. time, Sw. tirnrne, an 
hour ; L. tempus ; It, Port, tempo ; Sp. tiempo ; Fr. temps.] 
1. A particular portion or part of duration, whether past 
present, or future ; period. 2. A proper rime : a season. 

3. Duration. 4. A space or measured portion of duration. 
5. Life or duration, in reference to occupation. 6. Age ; 
a part of duration distinct from other parts ; as. ancient 
times ; epoch ; era. 7. Hour of travail. 8. Repetition ; 
repeated performance, or mention with reference to repe- 
tition. 9. Repetition ; doubling ; addition of a number to 
itself; as, to double cloth four times. 10. Measure of 
sounds in music ; as, common time. 11. The state of 
things at a particular period ; as when we say, good times 
or bad times. — 12. In grammar, tense. — In time. 1. In good 



D6V*!; ;— BULL, tJNTTE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS -€ as K ; <J as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



TIN 



1032 



TIN 



eeason ; sufficiently early. 2. A considerable space of du- 
ration : process or continuation of duration. — At times, at 
distinct intervals of duration. — Time enough, in season ; 
early enough. Bacon. — To lose time. 1. To delay. 2. To 
go too slow; as, a watch or clock loses time. — Apparent 
time, in astronomy, true solar time, regulated by the appar- 
ent motions of the sun. — Mean time, a mean or average of 
apparent time. It is indicated by a clock which moves 
with entire exactness. — Sidereal time is that which is shown 
by the apparent diurnal revolutions of the stars.— Astro- 
nomical time of day, is the time past mean noon of that day, 
and is reckoned into 24 hours in mean time. — Brande. 

TIME, v. t. To adapt to the time or occasion ; to bring, be- 
gin, or perform at the proper season or time. 2. To regu- 
late as to time. 3. To measure, as in music or harmony. 
— Shak. 

TIME'-HON-OR.ED (-on'urd), a. Honored for a long time. 

TlME'-KEEP-ER, n. [time and keeper.] A clock, watch, or 
other chronometer. 

TIME'-KILL-ING, a. Adapted to kill time. 

TiME'-PIeCE (-peese), n. [time and piece.] A clock, watch, 
or other instrument to measure or show the progress of 
time ; a chronometer. 

TIME'-PLeAS-ER, n. One who complies with the prevail- 
ing opinions, whatever they may be. 

TIME'-SANG-TIONJS D, a. Sanctioned by long use.— Man- 
ning. 

TIME'-S€ORN-ER, n. One who scorns time. 

TIME'-SERV-ER, n. One who adapts his opinions and 
manners to the times ; one who obsequiously complies 
_with the ruling power. 

TlME'-SERV-ING, a. Obsequiously complying with the 
humors of men in power ; temporizing. 

TIME -SERV-ING, n. An obsequious compliance with the 
humors of men in power. 

TIME'-WaST-ING, a. Wasting time. 

TlME'-WoRN, a. Impaired by time. — Irving. 

TIMED, pp. Adapted to the season or occasion. 

TIME'FUL, a. Seasonable; timely; sufficiently early. 

TIME'IST, n. 1. In music, a performer who keeps good 
time. 2. One who conforms with the times ; a time- 
server; [obs.] 

fTlME'LESS, a. 1. Unseasonable; done at an improper 
time. 2. Untimely ; immature ; done or suffered before 
the proper time. 

TIME'LESS-LY, adv. Unseasonably.— Milton. 

TlME'LI-NESS, n. Seasonableness ; a being in good time. 

TlME'LY, adv. Early ; soon ; in good season. — Prior. 

TIME'LY, a. 1. Seasonable ; opportune ; being in good 
time ; sufficiently early. 2. Keeping time or measure. — 
Spenser; [obs.] 

TIME'OUS-LY, a. Seasonably ; in good time.— Watts. 

TIMID, a. [Fr. timide ; L. timidus^] Wanting courage to 
meet danger ; not bold. — Syn. Fearful ; timorous ; afraid ; 
cowardly ; pusillanimous ; faint-hearted ; shrinking ; re- 
tiring. 

TI-MID'I-TY, n. [Fr. timidite ; L. timiditas.] Fearfulness ; 
pusillanimity ; want of courage or boldness to face danger ; 
timorousness ; habitual cowardice. 

TIM'ID-LY, adv. In a timid manner ; weakly ; without 
courage. 

TIM'ID-NESS, n. Timidity. 

TlM'ING, ppr. Adapting to the season or occasion. 

TIM'IST. See Timeist. 

TI-MOG'RA-CY, n. [Gr. nuri, worth, and Kparew.] Govern- 
ment by men of property, who are possessed of a certain 
income. 

TIM-O-NEER', n. [Fr. timon ; L. temo.] A helmsman. 

TIM'OR-OUS, a. [It. timoroso, from L. timor.] 1. Fearful 
of danger ; timid ; destitute of courage. 2. Indicating 
fear ; full of scruples. 

TIM'OR-OUS-LY, adv. Fearfully ; timidly ; without bold- 
ness ; with much fear. — Phillips. 

TIM'OR-OUS-NESS, n. Fearfulness ; timidity.— Swift. 

TIM'O-THY GRASS, n. A valuable grass, the phleum pra- 
tense, or cat's-tail grass, much prized in Ameriea for fod- 
der. — Farm. Encyc. 

t Tl'MOUS, a. [from time.] Early ; timely. — Bacon. 

tTl'MOUS-LY, adv. In good season.— Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

TIN, n. [Sax. ; Dan. tin ; Ger. zinn ; Sw. tenn.] 1. A white 
metal, with a slight tinge of yellow. It is soft, and very 
malleable, and is much used in the arts. It is a constitu- 
ent of pewter, britannia, bell-metal, bronze, &c. Tin-foil, 
coated with quicksilver, forms the reflecting surface of 
glass mirrors. 2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin. 

TIN, v. t. To cover with tin, or overlay with tin-foil. 

TIN'-FOIL, n. [tin, and L. folium, a leaf.] Tin reduced to 
a thin leaf. 

TIN'-GLaSS, n. Bismuth, which see. 

TIN'-MiNE, n. A mine where tin is obtained. 

TIN'-PEN-NY, n. [tin and penny.] A customary duty in 
England, formerly paid to tithing-men. — Bailey. 

TIN'-PLaTE, ti. Thin sheet-iron, coated with tin. In this 



case, the tin forms, in some measure, an alloy with toe 
iron. — Buchanan. 

TIN-Py-Ri'TeS, n. A native sulphuret of tin, usually con 
tainingsome copper or iron.— Buchanan. 

TIN'- SToNE, n. A native oxyd of tin, found in Cornwall. 
— Buchanan. 

TIN-W6RM, n. [tin and worm.] An insect. — Bailey. 

TIN-G'AL, n. A name of crude borax, as it is imported from 
the East Indies, in yellow, greasy crystals. — Ure. 

TIN'CHEL, n. A circle of sportsmen, who, by surrounding 
an extensive space, and gradually closing in, bring a num- 
ber of deer and game within a narrow compass.— Walter 
Scott. 

t TINGT, v. t. [L. tingo, ductus.] To stain or color ; to im 
bue. 

f TINGT, n. Stain; color. 

TING-To'RI-AL, a. Tinctorial matter is coloring matter. 
Ure. 

TINCTURE (tinkfyur), n. [L. tinctura ; Fr. teinture.] 1. 
The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated 
by a solvent. — 2. In medicine, a spirituous solution of such 
of the proximate principles of vegetables and animals as 
are soluble in pure alcohol or proof-spirit ; spirit contain- 
ing medicinal substances in solution. 3. A tinge or shade 
of color. 4. Slight taste superadded to any substance. 
5. Slight quality added to any thing. — 6. In heraldry, a 
term applied to metals, colors, and furs. — Brande. 

TINCTURE, v. t. 1. To tinge ; to communicate a slight 
foreign color to; to impregnate with some extraneous 
matter. 2. To imbue the mind ; to communicate a por 
tion of any thing foreign. 

TINCTURED, pp. Tinged ; slightly impregnated with 
something foreign. 

TINGTUR-ING (tinkt'yur-ing), ppr. Tinging ; imbuing ; im- 
pregnating with a foreign substance. 

t TIND, v. t. [Sax. tendan, tynan.] To kindle. 

TIN'DER n. [Sax. tyndre.) Something very inflammable, 
used for kindling fire from a spark, as scorched linen. 

TIN'DER-BOX, n. A box in which tinder is kept. 

TIN'DER-LlKE, a. Like tinder ; veiy inflammable. 

t TlNE, v. l. [Sax. tynan.] To kindle ; to set on fire. 

TlNE, v. t. [Sax. tynan ; L. teneo.] To shut or inclose ; to 
fill. [Not in use, or local] 

TlNE, n. [Sax. tindes ; Ice. tindr.] 1. The tooth or spike 
of a lurk ; a prong ; also, the tooth of a harrow or drag. 
2 L Trouble ; distress. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

tTlNE, v. i. [Sax. tynan.] To rage; to smart; to fight 

TlNE'-MAN, n. Anciently, an officer of the forest in En- 
gland, who had the nocturnal care of vert and venison. 

TlN£ D, a. Furnished with tines ; as, a three-tined fork. 

Tl'NET, n. [tine, to shut.] In old writers, brush- wood and 
thorns, for making and repairing hedges. 

t TING, n. A sharp sound. See Tingle. 

t TING, v. i. To sound or ring. 

TiNgE, v. t. [L. tingo.] To imbue or impregnate with 
something foreign ; to communicate the qualities of one 
substance, in some degree, to another. — Syn. To color ; 
dye; stain. 

TiNgE, n. Color ; dye ; taste ; or, rather, a slight degree 
of some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into 
another substance or mixture, or added to it; tincture. 

TING.ED (tinjd), pp. Imbued or impregnated with a small 
portion of something foreign. 

TING'ENT, a. Having the power to tinge.— Boyle. [Rare.] 

TINg'ING, ppr. Imbuing or impregnating with something 
foreign. 

TIN"GLE (ting'gl), v. i. [W. tincial, tincian, or tinciaw.] 1. 
To feel a kind of thrilling sound. 2. To feel a sharp, 
thrilling pain. 3. To have a thrilling sensation, or a sharp, 
slight, penetrating sensation. 

TIN"GLING, ppr. Having a thrilling sensation. 

TW'GLING, n. A thrilling sensation. 

TINK, v. i. [W. tinciaw.] To make a sharp, shrill noise ; t» 
tinkle. 

TINK'ER, n. [W. tmcerz.] A mender of brass kettles, pans, 
and the like. 

TINK'ER-ING, n. The act or employment of a tinker. 

TINK'ER-LY, adv. In the manner of a tinker. 

TINK'LE (tink'l), v. i. [W. tincial.] 1. To make small, 
quick, sharp sounds, as by striking on metal : to clink. 2 
To hear a small, sharp sound. 

TINK'LE (tink'l), v. t. To cause to clink or make sharp 
quick sounds. 

TINKLER (tinkler), n. Tinker. [North of England.] 

TINKLING, ppr. or a. Making a small, quick, sharp noise 

TINKLING, n. A small, quick, sharp sound. — Isa., iii. 

TINMAN, n. [tin and man.] A manufacturer of 'Jn vessels 
a dealer in tin-ware. — Prior. 

TINNED (tind), pp. or a. Covered with tin. 

TINNER, n. One who works in the tin-mLaes. 

t TIN'NI-ENT, a. Emitting a clear sound. 

TINNING, ppr. Covering with tin or tin-foil. 

TINNING, n. 1. The act, art, or practice of covering 01 



* See Synopsis. I I, I, &c, long.—7L, £, I, &c, short— FiR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD; M0VE.BQQK, 



TIR 



1033 



TIT 



%ring any thing with melted tin or with tin-foil. 2. The 

covering or lining thus put on. 
TIN'NY, a. Abounding with tin. — Drayton. 
TIN'SEL, n. [Fr. etincelle.] 1. Something very shining and 

gaudy ; something superficially shining and showy. 2. A 

kind of shining cloth. 3. A kind of lace. 
TIN'SEL, a. Gaudy ; showy to excess ; specious ; super- 
ficial. 
TIN'SEL, v. t. To adorn with something glittering and 

showy, without much value ; to make gaudy. — Pope. 
TINSELED, pp. Decorated with gaudy ornaments. 
TIN'SEL-ING, ppr. Adorning with tinsel. 
TINT, n. [It. tinta; Fr. teint; L. tinctus.] A dye ; a color, 

or, rather, a slight coloring or tincture distinct from the 

ground or principal color.— Pope. 
TINT, v. t. To tinge ; to give a slight coloring to. 
TIN-TA-MaR', n. [Old Fr. tintamarre ; L. tinnitus and 

Mars. — Ash.] A hideous or confused noise. 
TINTED, pp. Tinged. 
TINT'ING, ppr. Giving a slight coloring to. 
TINTING, n. A forming of tints. 
TiN-TIN-NABtT-LA-RY, a. [L. tintinnabulum, a little bell.] 

Having or making the sound of a bell. 
* TINT, a. Very 6mall ; little ; puny. [A word used by 

children, and in burlesque.] 
TIP, n. [D. tip.] 1. The end ; the point or extremity of any 

thing small. 2. One part of the play at nine-pins. — 3. In 

botany, an anther. 
TIP, v. t. 1. To form a point with something ; to cover the 

tip, top, or end. 2. [for tap.] To strike slightly, or with 

the end of any thing small ; to tap. 3. To lower one end, 

or throw upon the end ; as, to tip a cart for discharging a 

load ; [New England.] — To tip the wink, to direct a wink, 

or to wink to another for notice. 
TIP, v. i. In the phrase to tip off, that is, to fall headlong : 

hence, to die. 
TIP-STIFF, n. [tip and staff.] 1. An officer who bears a 

staff tipped with metal ; a constable. 2. A staff tipped 

with metal. — Bacon. 
TlP'-ToE, n. [tip and toe.] The end of the toe.— To be or 

to stand a tip-toe, to be awake or alive to any thing ; to be 

roused. 
TIP'-TOP, n. The highest or utmost degree. 
TIPP.ED 1 
TIPT ' VPP' having the end covered. 

TTP'PET, n. [Sax. tappet.] A narrow garment or covering, 
now made of fur, for the neck, worn by females. 

TIP'PING, ppr. 1. Covering the end or tip.— 2. In music, a 
distinct articulation given to the flute, by striking the tongue 
against the roof of the mouth. 

TIPTLE (tip'pl), v. i. [qu., D. zuipen ; Fr. toper.] To drink 
spirituous or strong liquors habitually ; to indulge in the 
frequent and improper use of spirituous liquors. 

TIP'PLE, v. t. To drink, as strong liquors, in luxury or ex- 
cess. — Dryden. 

TIP'PLE, n. Drink ; liquor taken in tippling. — 1? Estrange. 

TIPTLE D (tip'pld), pp. 1. Drank in excess. 2. a. Intoxi- 
cated ; inebriated. 

TIP'PLER, n. One who frequently indulges in the excess- 
ive use of spirituous liquors, without being an habitual 
drunkard. 

TIP'PLING, ppr. Indulging in the habitual use of strong or 
spirituous liquors. 

TIP'PLING, n. The habitual practice of drinking strong or 
spirituous liquors ; a drinking to excess. 

TIP'PLING-HOUSE, n. [tipple and house.] A house in 
which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities. 

TIP'SI-LY, adv. In a tipsy manner. 

TIP'SY, a. [from tipple.] Fuddled ; overpowered with 
strong drink ; intoxicated. 

TIP1T-LA-RY, a. [L. tipula.] Pertaining to insects of the 
genus tipula, or crane-fly kind.— Humboldt. 

TI-RIDE' (te-rade'), n. [It. tirata ; Fr. tirade.] 1. Formerly, 
in French music, the filling of an interval by the interme- 
diate diatonic notes. — 2. In modern usage, a strain or flight ; 
a series of violent declamation. — Quart. Review. 

TI-RaIL'LEUR (te-ral'yur), n. A French skirmishing sol- 
dier, often put in front of the line, to annoy the enemy. — 



TIRE, n. [Heb. -fib.] 1. A tier ; a row or rank. This is 
the same word as tier, differently written. 2. A head- 
dress; something that encompasses the head. — Isa., iii. 
3. Furniture ; apparatus. 4. Attire. 5. A band or hoop 
of iron, used to bind the fellies of wheels, to secure them 
from wearing and breaking ; as, cart-ttVe. 

TIRE, v. t. [Sax. teorian, ateorian, geteorian.] 1. To exhaust 
the strength by toil or labor ; as, to tire a horse or an ox. 
2. To exhaust the power of attending, or to exhaust pa- 
tience with dullness or tediousness. — To tire out, to weary 
or fatigue to excess ; to harass.— Svn. To weary ; fatigue ; 
exhaust; jade; harass. 

TIRE, v. i. To become weary ; to be fatigued ; to have the 
strength fail ; to have the patience exhausted. 



t TlRE, v. t. To adorn ; to attire ; to dress, as the head. 

TlRE'-WoM-AN, n. [tire and woman.] A woman whosa 
occupation is to make head-dresses. — Locke. 

TlR-ED, pp. or a. Wearied ; fatigued ; jaded ; harassed. 

TlRED'NESS (tird'nes), n. The state of being wearied, 
weariness. 

TIRE'S6ME (-sum), a. 1. Wearisome ; fatiguing ; exhaust- 
ing the strength. 2. Tedious ; exhausting"the pationce. 

TlRE'SOME-NESS, n. The act or quality of tiring or ex- 
hausting strength or patience ; wearisomeness ; tedioue- 
_ness. 

TlR'ING, ppr. Wearying ; fatiguing ; exhausting strength 
or patience. 

TiR'ING-HOUSE, ? n. The room or place where players 

TlR'ING-ROOM, j dress for the stage. 

Tl'RO, n. See Tyro. 

Tl-Ro'NI-AN, a. Tironian notes, the short-hand of Roman 
antiquity. — Bran de. 

t TIR'RIT, n. Terror ; affright.— Shak. 

TiR-WIT, n. A bird ; the lapwing. 

'TIS, a contraction of it is. 

TISTG, n. Consumption ; morbid waste. 

TIS1-G t 

TI'S'Tp' AI \ a ' [^ or phthisic, phthisical.] Consumptive 

TIS'RI, n. The first Hebrew month of the civil year, and 
the seventh of the ecclesiastical ; answering to a part of 
our September and a part of October. 

TIS'SUE (tish'yu), n. [Fr. tissu.] 1. Cloth interwoven with 
gold or silver, or with figured colors. — 2. In anatomy and 
botany, texture or organization of parts. 3. A connected 
series. — Tissue paper, very thin, gauze-like paper, such as 
is used to protect engravings in books. 

TIS'SUE (tish'yu), v. t. To form tissue ; to interweave ; to 
variegate. 

TIS'SU-ED (tish'yude), pp. Interwoven; formed with va- 
riegated work. 

TIS'SU-ING (tish'yu-ing), ppr. Interweaving ; forming with 
variegated work. 

TIT, n. A small horse, [in contempt;] a woman, [in con- 
tempt ;] a small bird ; a titmouse or tomtit. 

TIT-BIT, n. A tender piece. See Tid-bit. 

Tl-TAN'I-G, ? a. Pertaining to titanium ; containing tita- 

TI-TAN-IT'IC, 5 nium. 

Tl-TAN-IF'ER-OUS, a. [titanium, and L. fero.] Containing 
_or affording titanium. — Cleaveland. 

Tl'TAN-ITE, n. A mineral ; sphene, which see.— Dana. 

Ti-Ta'NI-UM, n. In mineralogy, a metal of a deep-blue col- 
or, discovered by Gregor, in 1791, in Cornwall, England. 

TlTH'A-BLE. a. Subject to the payment of tithes. 

TITHE, n. [Sax. teotha.] The tenth part of any thing ; but, 
appropriately, the tenth part of the increase annually aris- 
ing from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the cler- 
gy, for their support. 

TlTHE, v. t. To levy a tenth part on ; to tax to the amount 
of a tenth. 

TlTHE, v. i. To pay tithes.— Tusser. 

TiTHE'-FREE. a. Exempt from the payment of tithes. 

TITHE'-PIY-ING, a. Paying tithes ; subjected to pay tithes. 
Franklin. 

TlTHED, pp. Taxed a tenth. 

TiTH'ER, n. One who collects tithes. 

TlTHTNG, ppr. Levying a tax on to the amount of a tenth. 

TlTH'ING, n. A decennary ; a number or company of ten 
householders, who, dwelling near each other, were sureties 
or free-pledges to the king for the good behavior of each 
other. 

TITH'ING-MAN, n, [tithing and man.] 1. The chief man 
of a tithing ; a head-borough ; one elected to preside over 
the tithing. 2. A peace officer ; an under-constable. — 3. In 
New England, a parish officer annually elected to preserve 
good order in the church during divine service. 

TI-THON'IC, a. [Gr. Tiduvos.] Pertaining to or denoting 
those rays of light which produce chemical effects. 

TITH-O-NIC'I-TY, n. A name given to that property of 
light by which it produces chemical effects ; siipposed by 
some to be a distinct, imponderable agent.— Draper. 

TITH'Y-MAL, n. [Fr. tithymale.] A plant of the spurge kind 

TIT'IL-LaTE, v. i. [L. titillo.] To tickle.— Pope. 

TIT'IL-LA-TING,ppr. or a. Tickling. 

TIT-IL-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. titillatio.] L The act of tick 
ling ; or the state of being tickled. 2. Any slight pleasure. 

TITLARK, n. [tit and lark.] A small bird of the lark kind. 

TITLE (tftl), n. [L. titulus ; It. titolo.] 1. An inscription 
put over any thing as a name by which it is known. 2. 
The inscription in the beginning of a book, containing the 
subject of the work, and sometimes the author's name. — 
3. In the civil and canon laws, a chapter or division of a 
book. 4. An appellation of dignity, distinction, or pre-em- 
inence given to persons, as duke. 5. A name ; an appel- 
lation ; a denomination. 6. Right ; or that which consti- 
tutes a just cause of exclusive possession ; that which is 
the foundation of ownership. 7. The instrument which is 
evidence of a right.— 8. In the canon law, that by which a 



D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K 6 as J • S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



TOA 



1034 



TOI 



ceneficiary holds a benefice. — 9. In ancient Church records, 
a church to which a priest was ordained, and where he 
was to reside. 

TITLE, v.j. To name ; to call; to entitle.— Milton. 

Ti'TLE-Pa6E, n. [title and. page.] The page of a book which 
contains its title. 

TI'TLjBD, pp. 1. Called ; named. 2. a. Having a title. 

f TlTLE-LESS, a. Not having a title or name. 

TFTLING, ppr. Calling ; denominating ; entitling. 

TITMOUSE, n. ; pi. Titmice. A small bird of the genus pa- 
rus of Linnaeus. There are numerous species, which feed 
on insects, seeds, &c. Their notes are shrill and wild. 

TITTER, v. i. To laugh with the tongue striking against 
the root of the upper teeth ; to laugh with restraint. 

TITTER, n. 1. A restrained laugh. 2. A weed. 

TITTER-ING, n. Restrained laughter. 

TIT'TLE (tit'tl), n. [from tit, small.] A small particle ; a 
minute part ; a jot ; an iota. 

TITTLE-TATTLE, n. [tattle, doubled.] 1. Idle, trilling 
talk ; empty prattle. 2. An idle, trifling talker. 

TITTLE-TATTLE, v. i. To talk idly ; to prate— Sidnev. 

TITTLE-TATTLING, n. The act of prating idly. —Sidney. 

I TITU-BaTE, v. i. [L. titubo.] To stumble.— Cockeram. 

TIT-U-BaTION, n. [L. titubo.} The act of stumbling 

TIT'U-LAR (tit'yu-lar), a. [Fr. titulaire ; L. titulus.] 1. Ex- 
isting in title or name only ; nominal ; having or confer- 
ring the title only. 2. Having the title to an office or digni- 
ty without discharging the duties of it ; as, a titular bishop. 

TITU-LAR, \n. A person invested with a title, in virtue 

TIT'U-LA-RY, 5 of which he holds an office or benefice, 
whether he performs the duties of it or not. 

TIT-U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being titular.— Brown. 

TLTU-LAR-LY, adv. Nominally ; by title only. 

TIT'U-LA-RY, a. 1. Consisting in a title.— Bacon. 2. Per- 
taining to a title. — Bacon. 

TIV'ER, n. A kind of ochre which is used in marking sheep 
in some parts of England. — Cyc. [Local.} 

TIV'ER, v. t. To mark sheep with tivcr, in different ways 
and for different purposes. [Local.} 

TIV'ER-ING, ppr. Marking with tivcr. [Local.} 

TIV'ER-ING, n. The act of marking with tivcr. [Local.} 

TIV'Y, adv. With great speed; a huntsman's word or 
sound. — Dryden. See Tantivy. 

TMe'SIS, n. f Gr.] A figure by wlrich a compound word is 
separated by the intervention of one or more words ; as, 
qua meo cunque animo, for qucecunque meo animo. 

TO, prep. [Sax. to ; D. te or toe ; G. zu ; Ir., Gaelic do ; Corn. 
tho.] 1. Noting motion toward a place : opposed to from. 
2. Noting motion toward a state or condition ; as, he is 
going to a trade. 3. Noting accord or adaptation ; as, an 
occupation suited to his taste. 4. Noting address or com- 
pellation, or the direction of a discourse. 5. Noting atten- 
tion or application ; as, " give thyself wholly to them." — 
1 Tim., iv. 6. Noting addition. 7. Noting opposition ; as, 
man to man. 8. Noting amount, rising to ; as, to the num- 
ber of ten. 9. Noting proportion ; as, it is ten to one you 
will fail. 10. Noting possession or appropriation. 11. 
Noting perception ; as, pleasing to the senses. 12. Noting 
the subject of an affirmation. 13. Noting the subject of re- 
mark ; as, I shall speak to one point. 14. In comparison of. 
15. As far as. 16. Noting intention. 17. After an adjective, 
noting the object. 18. Noting obligation. 19. Noting en- 
mity. 20. Toward. 21. Noting effect or end. 22. To, as 
a sign of the infinitive, precedes the radical verb. 23. It 
precedes the radical verb after adjectives, noting the ob- 
ject ; as, ready to go. 24. It precedes the radical verb, 
noting the object. 25. It precedes the radical verb, noting 
consequence. 26. It notes extent, degree, or end ; as, he 
languishes to death. 27. After the substantive verb, and 
with the radical verb, it denotes futurity. 28. After have, 
it denotes duty or necessity ; as, I have a debt to pay. — 29. 
To-day, to-night, to-morrow, are peculiar phrases derived 
from our ancestors. To, in the first two, has the sense or 
force of this; this day, this night. — To-morrow is equiva- 
lent to in or on the morrow. — To and fro, backward and 
forward. — To the face, in presence of; not in the absence 
of. [Note. — In the foregoing explanation of to, it is to be 
considered that the definition given is not always the 
sense of to by itself, but the sense rather of the word pre- 
ceding it, or connected with it, or of to in connection with 
other words. In general, to is used in the sense of moving 
toward a place, or toward an object, or it expresses di- 
rection toward a place, end, object, or purpose.] — To is 
often used adverbially, to modify the sense of verbs ; as, 
to come to ; to heave to. 

TOAD (tode), n. [Sax. tade, tadige.} A batrachi an reptile of 
the genus bufo, a email, clumsy animal, the body warty and 
thick, and perfectly harmless. 

ToAD'-EAT-ER, n. A vulgar name given to a fawning, ob- 
sequious parasite ; a mean sycophant. 

ToAD'-FISH, n. [toad and fish.} A fish allied to the angler 
or fishing frog. — Storer's Mass. Rep't. 

roAD'-FLAX, n. [toad imdfiax.} A plant, linaria vulgaris, 



ToAD'-SToNE, n. In mineralogy, a variety of .rap rock. 

ToAD'-STOOL, n. A mushroom, a plant which commonly 
grows in moist and rich grounds. 

t TOAD'ISH, a. Like a toad.— Stafford. 

ToAD'Y, n. A toad-eater.— Walter Scott. [Vulgar.} 

ToAST (toste), v. t. [Sp., Port, tostar.} 1. To dry and scorch 
by the heat of a fire. 2. To warm thoroughly ; [rare.} 3. 
To name when a health is drank ; to drink to the health 
in honor of. 

ToAST, n. 1. Bread dried and scorched by the fire ; or 
such bread dipped in melted butter, or in some liquor. 2. 
A female whose health is drank in honor or l aspect. 3. 
He or that which is named in honor in drinking. 

ToASTED, pp. or a. Scorched by heat ; named in drinking 
the health. 

ToASTER, n. 1. One who toasts. 2. An instrument for 
toasting bread or cheese. 

To AST'ING, ppr. Scorching by fire ; drinking to the honor of 

TO-BAC'CO, n. [perhaps from Tabaco, a province of Yu 
catan, in Spanish America, where it was first found by 
the Spaniards.] A plant, a native of America, of the ge- 
nus nicotiana, much used for smoking and chewing and 
in snuff". It is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. 

TO-BA€'€0-PlPE, n. A pipe used for smoking tobacco. 

TO-BAG'CO-PIPE €LIY, n. A species of clay used hi 
making tobacco-pipes. One variety is called cimolite. 

TO-BAC'CO-PTPE FISH, n. The needle-fish. 

TO-BAC'CO-STOP'PER, n. An instrument for pressing 
down the tobacco as it is smoked in a pipe. 

t TO-BAC'CO-NING, a. Smoking tobacco.— Bishop Hall. 

TO-BAC'CO-NIST, n. A dealer in tobacco ; also, a manu- 
facturer of tobacco. 

To'BiNE, n. A stout twilled silk, used for dresses ; it much 
resembles the Florentine. 

TO-C-Ca'TA, n. [It.] In music, a prelude. 

TOCK'AY, n. A species of gecko or spotted lizard in India. 

TO-COL'O-ciY, n. [Gr. tokos and XoyoS-} The science of 
obstetrics or midwifery ; or that department of medicine 
which treats of parturition. 

TOCSIN, n. [Fr.] An alarm-bell, or the ringing of a bell 
for the purpose of alarm. 

TOD, n. [Gaelic tod.} 1. A bush ; a thick shrub ; [obs.} 2. 
A quantity of wool of twenty -eight pounds, or two stone. 
3. A fox. 

t TOD J v. t. To weigh ; to produce a tod. — Shak. 

TO-DaY', n. [to and day.} The present day. 

TOD'DLE (tod'dl), v. i. To walk with short steps, as a child 
— HalliwelL 

TOD'DY, n. 1. A juice drawn from various kinds of tho 
palm in the East Indies ; or a spirituous liquor prepared 
from it. 2. A mixture of spirit and water sweetened. 

To'DY, n. A popular name for a genus of insectivorous 
birds, somewhat resembling the kingfishers. 

ToE (to), n. [Sax. ta ; G. zche ; Sw. ta ; Dan. taae.] 1. One 
of the small members which form the extremity of the 
foot, corresponding to a finger on the hand. 2. The fore- 
part of the hoof of a horse, and of other hoofed animals. 
3. The member of a beast's foot corresponding to the too 
in man. 

T6EB (tode), a. In compounds, having toes ; as, narrow- 
toed ;_ thick-toed ; Blendcr-tocd. — Hitchcock. 

f TO-FoRE', prep, or adv. [Sax. toforan; to and fore.} Be- 
fore ; formerly. — Shak. 

TOFT, n. 1. A grove of trees.— Cyc. 2. [Dan. tofte or tomt.] 
In law books, a place where a messuage has stood, but is 
decayed. 

To'FUS, n. Sec Tvta. 

TO'CA VI-RTLIS. [L.] The manly gown. This was as 
sumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their 
fourteenth year. — Smith's Diet. 

To'Ga-TED, }a. [L. toga, a gown ; togatus, gowned.] 

ToG-ED, 5 Gowned ; dressed in a gown ; wearing a 
gown ; as, toged consuls. — Shak. 

TO-GETH'ER, adv. [Sax. togaithrc ; to and gather.} 1. In 
company. 2. In or into union. 3. la the same place. 4. 
In the same time. 5. In concert. 6. Into junction or a 
state of union. — Together with, in union with ; in company 
or mixture with. 

TOG'GEL, n. A small wooden pin tapering toward both 
ends, with a groove around the center. — Mar. Diet. 

TOG'GER-Y, n. [L. toga.} Clothes ; garments. [Sportive 
or low.] 

TOG'GLE-JOINT, n. An «uoow or knee-joint, consisting 
of two bars so connected that they may be brought into a 
straight line. 

TOIL, v. i. [Sax. tcolan, tiolan.} To labor , to work ; to ex- 
ert strength with pain and fatiguc^iw/ce, v. 

TOIL, v. t. 1. To toil out, to labor ; to work out.— Milton 
2. To weary ; to overlabor. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

TOIL, n. Labor with pain and fatigue ; labor that oppresses 
the body or mind ; drudgery. 

TOIL, n. [Fr. toiles.] A net or snare ; any thread, web, at 
string spread for taking prey. —L'JEstrang ~ 



See Synopsis, a, E I, &c, long.— J, e, I, &c. short —FAR, FALL.WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINKBtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 






TOL 



1035 



TOM 



1 OlI/ER, n. One who toils, or labors with pain. 

TOIL'ET, n. [Fr. toilette.'] 1. A covering spread over a ta- 
ble in a chamber or dressing-room. 2. A dressing-table. — 
Pope. 3. Mode of dressing ; as, her toilet is perfect. — To 
make one's toilet, to adjust one's dress with care. 

TOI-LI-NETTE', n. [Fr.] A cloth, the weft of which is of 
woolen yarn, and the warp of cotton and silk. It is used 
for waistcoats. — Encyc. of Dom. Econ. 

TOILING, ppr. Laboring with pain. 

TOIL'LESS, a. Free from toil. 

TOIL'SoME (toil'sum), a. 1. Laborious ; wearisome ; at- 
tended with fatigue and pain. 2. Producing toil. 

TOILS6ME-LY, ado. In a toilsome manner. 
TOIL'SoME-NESS, n. Laboriousness ; wearisomeness. 

TOISE (toiz), n. [Fr.] A long measure in France, containing 
six French feetj or about six and a half English feet. 

TO-KiY', n. A kind of wine produced at Tokay, in Hun- 
gary, made of white grapes, distinguished for its aromatic 
taste. 
.■6'K.EN (toTsn), n. [Sax. tacn, taccn ; Goth, taikns ; D. tee- 
ken.] 1. Something intended to represent or indicate an- 
other thing or an event. 2. A mark. 3. A memorial of 
friendship ; something by which the friendship of another 
person is to be kept in mind.— 4. In coinage, tokens were 
corns struck in the reign of Elizabeth by various cities and 
also by individuals, circulated as money, and redeemable 
in current money. — 5. In printing, ten quires of paper ; 
an extra quire is usually added to every other token when 
counted out for the press.— Syn. Sign ; note ; symptom ; 
indication ; badge. 

f To'K_EN, v. t. To make known.— Shak. 

To'K.EN£D, a. Being marked with spots.— Shak. 

To'K£N-ING, ppr. Making known ; marking with spots. 

ToL, v. t. [L. tollo.] To take away.— Cue. \a law term.] 

ToL'-BOOTH, n. See Toll-booth. 

To'LA, n. In India, a weight for gold and silver. 

ToLD, pret. and pp. of tell— Gen., hi 

ToLE, v. t. To draw or cause to follow by presenting some- 
thing pleasing or desirable to view ; to allure by some bait. 

ToL ED, pp. Drawn; allured; induced to follow. 

TO-Le'DO, n. A sword of the finest temper ; so called from 
Toledo, in Spain, once famous for its swords. — B. Jonson. 

TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. tolerabilis.] 1. That may be 
borne or endured ; supportable, either physically or men- 
tally. 2. Moderately good or agreeable ; not contempti- 
ble ; not very excellent or pleasing. — Swift. 

TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable. 

TOL'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Supportably ; in a manner to be 
endured. 2. Moderately well ; passably ; not perfectly. 

TOL'ER-ANCE, n. [L. tolerantia.] The power or capacity 
of enduring ; or the act of enduring. — Bacon. 

TOL'ER-ANT, a. Enduring ; favoring toleration. 

TOL'ER-aTE, v. t. [Fr. tolerer ; L. tolero.] To suffer to be, 
or to be done without prohibition or hinderance ; to ad- 
mit ; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing ; not 
to restrain. 

TOL'ER-a-TED, pp. Suffered; allowed; not prohibited or 
restrained. 

TOL'ER-a-TING, ppr. Enduring ; suffering to be or to be 
done ; allowing ; not restraining. 

TOL-ER-A'TION, n. [L. toleratio] The act of tolerating ; 
the allowance of that which is not wholly approved ; ap- 
propriately, the allowance of religious opinions and modes 
of worship in a state when contrary to or different from 
those of the established church or belief. 

ToL'ING, ppr. Drawing away ; inducing to follow. 

ToLL, n. [Sax. toll ; D. tol; Sw. tull ; Dan. told; G. zoll ; 
W. toll.] 1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, par- 
ticularly for traveling over a road, bridge, &c. 2. A lib- 
erty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor. 3. A 
portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for 
grinding. — Svn. Tax ; custom ; duty ; impost. 

ToLL, v. i. 1. To pay toll or tallage.— Shak. 2. To take 
toll, as by a miller. — Tusser. 

ToLL, v. i. [W. tol, tolo.] To sound or ring, as a bell, with 
strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals. 

ToLL, v. t. To cause a bell to sound with strokes slowly 
and uniformly repeated. 

ToLL, v. t. [L. tollo.] 1. To take away ; to vacate ; to an- 
nul ; [a law term.] 2. To draw ; see Tole. 

ToLL, n. A particular sounding of a bell. See the verb. 

ToLL'-B aR, n. [toll and bar.] A bar or beam used for stop- 
ping boats on a canal, or on a road for stopping passengers. 

ToLL'-BOOTH, n. [tollandbooth.] 1. A place where goods 
are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. 2. A prison. 

ToLL'-BOOTH, v. t. To imprison in a toll-booth.— Corbet. 

T5LL-BRID6E, n. A bridge where toll is paid for pass- 
ing it. 

ToLL'-DISH, n. A dish for measuring toll in mills. 

ToLL'-GITE, n. A gate where toll is taken. 

ToLL'- GATH-ER-ER, n. The man who takes toll. 

ToLL'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed in which the man who 
takes the toll remains. 



t ToLL'ER, n. 1. One who collects taxes , a toll-gatherei 
Barret. 2. One who tolls a belL 

ToLLTNG, ppr. or a. 1. Causing to sound in a slow, grave 
manner. 2. Taking away ; removing. 3. Sounding, as t 
bell. 

t ToL'SEY, n. The same with toll-booth.— Did. 

ToLT, n. [L. tollit, tollo.] In English courts, the precept ol 
a sheriff, by which a writ of right is removed from the 
court-baron into the county court. — Blackstone. 

TO-Lu' BAL'SAM, n. A resin or oleo-resin produced by » 
tree of South America, the myrospermum Toluifera. It ia 
said to have been first brought from a place called Tolu. 
In medicine, it is called balsam of Tolu. 

t TOL-U-Ta'TION, n. [L. toluto.] A pacing or ambling. 

TOM'A-HAWK, n. An Indian hatchet. 

TOM'A-HAWK, v. t. To cut or kiU with a tomahawk. 

TOM'A-HA WILED (-hawkt), pp. Smitten or killed with & 
tomahawk. 

TOM'A-HAWK-ING, ppr. Striking or killing with a toma- 
hawk. 

TO-Ma'TO or TO-Ma'TO, n. A plant from South America, 
lycopcrsicum esculentum, or solanum ly coper sicum ; also 
called love-apple, having an agreeable acid taste, and 
much used in cookery. 

ToMB (toom), 7i. [Fr. tombe, tombeau ; W. torn, tomen, twm, 
twmp ; Ir. tuoma ; Sp. turn ba ; L. tumulus.] 1. A grave ; a 
pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited. 
2. A house or vault formed wholly or partly in the earth, 
with walls and a roof for the reception of the dead ; a 
sepulchre. 3. A monument erected to preserve the mem- 
ory of the dead. 

ToMB (toom), v. t. To bury ; to inter. See Entomb. 

TOM'BA€, n. An alloy of copper and zinc, or a species of 
brass, with an excess of zinc. When arsenic is added, it 
is white tombac. — Brande. 

ToMB£D (toomd), a. Deposited in a tomb. 

ToMB'LESS (toomless), a. Destitute of a tomb or sepul- 
chral monument. 

ToMB'NOR-RY, n, A Shetland bird, the puffin. 

TOM'BOY, n. [Tom, Thomas, and boy.] A rude, boisterous 
boy ; also, in sarcasm, a romping grid. [ Vulgar.] 

TOM'-GOD, 7i. A small American fish of the cod kind, about 
ten or twelve inches long. — Storer. 

ToMB'SToNE, n. A stone erected over a grave to pre- 
serve the memory of the deceased ; a monument. 

ToME, n. [Fr.] A book ; as many writings as are bound in 
a volume, forming the part of a larger work. 

TOM'FOOL, n. A great fool ; a trifler. 

TOM-FOOL'ER-Y, n. Foolish trifling.— Ec. Rev. 

To-MEN-ToSE', \a. [L. tomentum.] In botany, downy; 

TO-MEN'TOUS, ) nappy ; cottony ; or flocky.— Lee. 

TOM'-NOD-DY, n. A sea-bird, the puffin.— Booth. 

TO-MOR'RoW, n. [to and morrow.] The day after the 
present. — Franklin. 

TOM'PI-ON, n. [Fr. tampon.] 1. The stopper of a cannon. 
[See Tampion.] 2. The iron bottom to which grape-shot 
are fixed. 

TOM'RIG, 7i. A ru de, wild, wanton girl ; a tomboy. — Dennis. 

TOM'TIT, 7i. A little bird, the titmouse. 

TOM'TOM, 7i. Same as tamtam, a large flat drum, used by 
the Hindoos. 

TON, the termination of names of places, is town, a hill, or 
fortress. 

TON, n. [Fr.] The prevailing fashion. 

T6N (tun), ?i. [Sax. tunna ; Fr. tonne ; Sp. tonel.] The 
weight of twenty hundred gross, or 2240 pounds. In some 
of the United States the ton is estimated at 2000 pounds. 
The orthography tun would be preferable, as more ac« 
cordant with the derivation. See, also, Tun. 

ToNE, n. [Fr. ton ; Sp. tono ; It. tuono ; Sw., G. ton ; D. 
toon ; Dan. tone ; L. tonus.] 1. Sound, or a modification 
of sound ; any impulse or vibration of the air which is 
perceptible by the ear. 2. Accent : or, rather, a particu- 
lar inflection of the voice, adapted to express emotion or 
passion. — E.Porter; [a rhetorical sense of the word.] 3. A 
whining sound ; a whine ; a kind of mournful strain oi 
voice. 4. An affected sound in speaking. — 5. In music, an 
interval of sound ; as, the difference between the fifth and 
fourth is a tone. 6. The tone of an instrument is its pecul- 
iar sound with regard to softness, evenness, and the like. 
— 7. In medicine, that state of a body in which the animal 
functions arc healthy and performed with due vigor. — 8. 
In painting, the harmonious relation of the colors of a 
picture in light and shade. The term is often used to 
qualify, or as synonymous with, depth, richness, and splen- 
dor in pictures. It has also more recently been used to 
denote the characteristic expression of a picture, as dis- 
tinguished by its color. In musical science the word key 
performs a similar office. — Jocelyn. 

ToNE, v. t. 1. To utter with an affected tone. 2. To tune. 
See Tune. 

ToNE'-SYL-LA-BLE. n. An accented syllable.— M. Stuart 

ToNjBD, a. Having a tone ; [used in composition.] 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



TOO 



103b 



TOP 



TONE'LESS, a. Having no tone ; unmusical.— Entick. 

f T6NG, n. [See Tongs.] The catch of a buckle. — Spenser. 
See Tongue. 

TONGS, n. pi. [Sax., Dan., D. tang ; G. zange ; Sw. tang ; 
Ice. taung.] An instrument of metal, consisting of two 
parts or long shafts joined at one end, used forliandling 
things, particularly fire or heated metals. 

T6NGUE (tung), n. [Sax. tung, tunga ; Goth, tuggo ; Sw. 
tunga ; Dan. tunge ; D. tong.] 1. In man, the instrument 
of taste, and the chief instrument of speech ; and, in oth- 
er animals, the instrument of taste. 2. Speech ; discourse ; 
sometimes, fluency of speech. 3. The power of articu- 
late utterance ; speech. 4. Speech, as well or ill-used ; 
mode of speaking. 5. A language ; idiom ; dialect ; the 
whole sum of words used by a particular nation. 6. 
Speech ; words or declarations only. 7. A nation, as dis- 
tinguished by their language. 8. A point, as of a buckle. 
9. A projection on the side of a board which fits into a 
groove. 10. A point, or long, narrow strip of land, pro- 
jecting from the main into a sea or lake. 11. The taper 
part of any thing ; in the rigging of a ship, a short piece 
of rope spliced into the upper part of standing back-stays, 
&c, to the size of the mast-head. — To hold the tongue, to 
be silent. — Addison. 

T6NGUE (tung), v. t. To chide ; to scold. 

T6NGUE (tung), v. i. To talk ; to prate.— Shak. 

TdNGUE'-GRIFT-ING, n. A mode of grafting by inserting 
the end of a cion in a particular manner. 
T6NGUE'-PAD, n. A great talker.— Tatler. 

T6NGUE -SHaP^D (tung'-shapt), a. In botany, a tongue- 
shaped leaf is linear and fleshy, blunt at the end, convex 
underneath, and having usually a cartilaginous border. 

TdNGUE'-TlE, v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of 
speech, or of distinct articulation. 

T6NGUE'-TlED (tung'-tide), a. 1. Destitute of the power 
of distinct articulation ; having an impediment in the 
speech. 2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause. 
—Shak. 

T6NGU.ED (tungd), a. Having a tongue.— Donne. 

TONGUE'LESS (tungles), a. 1. Having no tongue. 2. 
Speechless. 3. Unnamed ; [obs.] 

TON'I-G, a. [from Gr. tovos ; L. tonus.] 1. Literally, in- 
creasing tension ; hence, increasing strength ; as, tonic 
power. — 2. In medicine, increasing strength, or the tone 
of the animal system , obviating the effects of debility, 
and restoring healthy functions. 3. Relating to tones or 
sounds. 4. Extended; [obs.l — Tonic spasm, a steady and 
continuous spasmodic contraction, enduring for a com- 
paratively long time, as in tetanus : opposed to clonic 
spasm. 

TONTG, n. 1. A medicine that increases the strength, and 
gives vigor of action to the system. — 2. [Fr. tonique.] In 
music, the key-note or principal sound which generates all 
the rest. — 3. In music, a certain degree of tension, or the 
sound produced by a vocal string in a given degree of ten- 
sion. 

TO-NIGHT' (-nite'), n. [to and nigM.] The present night, 
or the night after the present day. 

TON'KA BEAN, \n. The fruit of the dipteris odorata, a 

TON'QUIN BeAN, 5 shrubby plant of Guiana. It has a 
peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the scent- 
ing of snuff". — Buchanan. 

TONNAGE (tun'naje), n. 1. The weight of goods carried in 
a boat or ship. 2. The cubical content or burden of a 
ship in tons, or the amount of weight which she may car- 
ry. 3. A duty or impost on ships, estimated per ton, or a 
duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton, transported 
on canals. 

TON'SIL, n. [L. tonsilla.] In anatomy, a glandular body in 
the throat or fauces. 

TON'SiLE, a. That may be clipped.— Mason. 

TON-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a barber or to shaving. 

TON'SURE (ton'shure), n. [Fr. ; L. tonsura.] 1. The act 
of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head, 
or the state of being shorn. — 2." In the Roman Catholic 
Church, tonsure is the first ceremony used for devoting a 
person to the service of God in the clerical office. — 3. In 
the Roman Catholic Church, the corona or crown which 
priests wear, as a mark of their order and of their rank in 
the church. 

TON-TiNE' (ton-teen'), n. [Fr. tontine.} An annuity on sur- 
vivorship ; or a loan raised on life-annuities, with the ben- 
efit of survivorship. Used sometimes as an adjective. 

To'NY, n. A simpleton. — Dryden. [Ludicrous.'] 

TOO, adv. [Sax. to.] 1. Over ; more than enough ; noting 
excess ; as, too high. 2. Likewise ; also ; in addition. — 
Pope. 3. Too, too, repeated, denotes excess emphatically. 

TOOK, pret. of take.— Gen., v. 

TOOL, n. [Sax. tol.] 1. An instrument of manual opera- 
tion, particularly such as is used by farmers and mechanics. 
2. A person used as an instrument by another person ; [a 
word of reproach.] 

TOOL, v. t. To shape with a tool.— Entick. 



TOOLTNG, n. Workmanship performed with a tool. 

t TOOM, a. Empty.— Wickliffe. 

TOON'-WOOD, n. A wood of a reddish-brown color, em 
ployed in India for cabinet-work. It is the cedrela toona 
of botanists. — P. Cyc. 

TOOT, v. i. [Sax. totian ; D. toeten.] 1. To stand out or be 
prominent.— Howell ; [obs.] 2. To make a particular noise 
with the tongue articulating with the root of the upper 
teeth, at the beginning and end of the sound ; also, to sound 
a horn in a particular manner. 3. To peep ; to look nar 
rowly. — Spenser ; [obs.] 

TOOT, v. t. To sound ; as, to toot the horn. 

TOOTER, n. One who plays upon a pipe or horn. 

TOOTH, n. ; pi. Teeth. [Sax. toth, pi. teth.' 1. A bony sub 
stance growing out of the jaws of animals, and serving as 
the instrument of mastication. 2. Taste ; palate. — Dryden. 

3. A tine ; a prong ; something pointed and resembling an 
animal tooth ; as, the tooth of a rake, a comb, a card, a har- 
row, a saw, or of a wheel.— Tooth and nail, [by biting and 
scratching,] with one's utmost power; by all possible 
means. L' Estrange. — To the teeth, in open opposition ; di- 
rectly to one's face. — To cast in the teeth, to retort re- 
proachfully ; to insult to the face. — In spite of the teeth, in 
defiance of opposition ; in opposition to every effort. — To 
show the teeth, to threaten. — Young. 

TOOTH, v. t. 1. To furnish with teeth. 2. To indent ; to 

cut into teeth ; to jagg. 3. To lock into each other. 
TOOTH'-DRAW-ER, n. [tooth and draw.] One whose 

business is to extract teeth with instruments. 
TOOTH'-DRAW-ING, n. The act of extracting a tooth ; 

the practice of extracting teeth. 
TOOTH'-EDGE (-ej), n. Tingling uneasiness almost amount- 
ing to pain in the teeth from stridulous or grating sounds, 

vesication, or acid or acrid substances. — Good. 
TOOTH'-PI€K, \n. An instrument for cleaning the 
TOOTH'-PI€K-ER, j teeth of substances lodged between 

them. 
TOOTH'-WORT (-wurt), n. A plant of various genera, 

named from some resemblance of the roots or corol to 

teeth, as lathrcesquamaria, &c. 
TOOTH'X€HE (-ake), n. Pain in the teeth. 
TOOTH'a€HE-TREE, n. An evergreen shrub of the genua 

xanthoxylum. — Loudon. 
TOOTH£D (tootht), .pp. or a. Having teeth or jaggs. — In 

botany, dentate ; having projecting points. 
t TOOTHFUL, a. Palatable. 
TOOTHLESS, a. Having no teeth.— Dryden. 
TOOTH'LET-ED, a. In botany, dentieulate; having very 

small teeth or projecting points, as a leaf. — Martyn. 
TOOTHSOME, a. Palatable ; grateful to the taste.— Carew. 
TOOTH'SOME-NESS, n. Pleasantness to the taste. 
TOOTHY, a. Toothed ; having teeth.— Croxall. 
TOOTING, ppr. Sounding, as a horn. . 
TOP, n. [Sax., D., Dan. top ; Sw. topp.] 1. The highest part 

of any thing ; the upper end, edge, or extremity ; summit ; 

apex. 2. Surface ; upper side. 3. The highest place 

4. The highest person ; the chief. 5. The utmost degree 
acme. 6. The highest rank. 7. The crown or upper sur 
face of the head. 8. The hair on the crown of the head 
the forelock.— Shak. 9. The head of a plant.— Watts. 10. 
[G. topf] An inverted conoid which children play with by 
whirling it on its point. One sort has its motion contin- 
ued by means of a whip. — 11. In ship-building, a sort of 
platform, surrounding the head of the lower mast and 
projecting on all sides, for the convenience of the men 
aloft, and to form a sufficient angle or spread for the top- 
mast shrouds. — Totten. 

TOP, v. i. 1. To rise aloft ; to be eminent. 2. To predom 

inate. 3. To 'excel ; to rise above others. 
TOP, v. t. 1. To cover on the top ; to tip ; to cap. 2. To 

rise above. 3. To outgo ; to surpass. 4. To crop ; to take 

off the top or upper part. 5. To rise to the top of. 6. To 

perform eminently ; [obs.] 
TOP'-aR-MOR, n. In ships, a railing on the top, supported 

by stanchions and equipped with netting. 
TOP'-BLOOK, n. In ships, a block hung to an eye-bolt in 

the cap,_used in swaying and lowering the top-mast. 
TOP'-CHaIN, n. In ships, a chain to sling the lower yards 

in time of action, to prevent their falling when the ropes, 

by which they are hung, are shot away. 
TOP'-OLOTH, n. In ships, a piece of canvas used to cover 

the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action. 
TOP'-DRaIN-ING, n. The act or practice of draining the 

surface of land. 
TOP'-DRESS-ING, n. A dressing of manure laiV on the 

surface of land. — Cyc. 
TOP'FUL, a. Full to the brim.— Watts. 
TOP-GAL'LANT, a. 1. See Top-sail. 2. Highest ; elevated , 

splendid. 
TOP'-HEAV-Y (top'-hev-e), a. [top and heavy.] Having the 

top or upper part too heavy for the lower.— Wotton. 
ToP'-KNOT (-not), n. [top and knot.] A knot worn by fe- 
males on the top of the head. ___ _^ 



' See Synopsis. 1, t, T, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c~ short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 






TOR 



1037 



TOR 



TOP'- MaST, n. In ships, the second mast, or that which is 
next above the lower mast. Above it is the top-gallant-mast. 

TOP'-MoST, a. [top and most.] Highest; uppermost. 

TOP'-PROUD, a. Proud to the highest degree.— Skak. 

TOP'-RoPE, n. A rope to sway up a top-mast, &c. 

TOP'-SaIL, n. A sail extended across the top-mast, above 
which is the top-gallant-sail. 

TOP'-SHaP^D (-shapt), a. In botany, turbinate, i. e., in- 
versely conical, with a contraction toward the point 

TOP'-SOIL-ING, n. The act or art of taking off the top-soil 
of land before a canal is begun. 

TOP'-SToNE, n. A stone that is placed on the top, or 
which forms the top. 

TOP'-TA€K-LE, n. A large tackle hooked to the lower end 
of the top-mast top-rope and to the deck. 

TOP'LESS, a. Having no top ; as, a topless height. 

TOP'MAN, n. 1. The man who stands above, in sawing. — 
2. In ships, a man standing in the top. 

To'PAN, n. The horned Indian rhinoceros bird. 

T6TARCH, n. [Gr. tottos, place, and apxos, a chief.] The 
principal man in a place or country. 

To'PaR€H-Y, n. A little state, consisting of a few cities or 
towns ; a petty country governed by a toparch. 

To'PAZ, n. [Gr. roira^iov.] A mineral, said to be so called 
from Topazos, a small isle in the Arabic Gulf. It is one of 
the gems, and occurs in rhombic prisms, generally yellow- 
ish and pellucid, but is also found colorless, and of green- 
ish, bluish, or brownish shades, and sometimes massive 
and opaque. It consists of silica, alumina, and fluoric acid. 
— Dana. 

TO-PAZ'O-LlTE, n. A variety of precious garnet, of a to- 
paz-yellow color, or an olive-green. — Ore. 

T5PE, n. 1. A fish of the shark family, resembling the dog- 
fish in its general aspect. Jardine's Nat. Lib. — 2. In Hin- 
dosta?i, a grove or clump of trees. — Malcom. 

T5PE, v. i. [Fr. toper.] To drink hard ; to drink strong or 
spirituous liquors to excess. — Dryden. 

To'PER, n. One who drinks to excess ; a drunkard ; a sot. 

TOP'ET, n. A small bird, the crested titmouse. 

TOPH'IN \ n ' ^ k™^ °^ sana3tone - See Tufa. 
TO-PHa'CEOUS (to-fa'shus), a. Gritty ; sandy ; rough. 
To'PHET (to'fet), n. [Heb. n&n. tophet, from £n, toph, a 
drum.] Hell ; so called from a place east of Jerusalem, 
where children we*® burned to Moloch, and where drums 
were used to drown sfceir cries. 
TOPl-A-RY, a. [L. topiarius.] Shaped by cutting ; as, top- 
iary work, which consist in giving all kinds of fanciful 
forms to arbors and thickets, trees and hedges. — Francis. 
TOPIC, n. [Gr. ronoS ; L. topicus, topica.] 1. Any subject 
of discourse or argument. — 2. In rhetoric, a probable argu- 
ment drawn from the several circumstances and places 
of a fact. 3. Principle of persuasion. — 4. In medicine, an 
external remedy ; a remedy to be applied outwardly to a 
particular part of the body, as a plaster. 
TOPTG, ? a. 1. Pertaining to a place ; limited ; local. 
TOP'I€-AL, 5 2. Pertaining to a topic or subject of dis- 
course, or to a general head. 
TOPIC-AL-LY, adv. 1. Locally ; with limitation to a part. 

2. With application to a particular part. 
TO-POG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes a particular 

place, town, city, or tract of land. 
TOP-O-GRAPH'IC, \ a. Pertaining to topography ; de- 
TOP-O-GRAPH'IC-AL, j scriptive of a place. 
TOP-O-GRAPHIC-AL-L Y, adv. In the manner of topography. 
TO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. tottos and ypaQn.] The descrip- 
tion of a particular place, city, town, manor, parish, or 
tract of land. 
TOPPED, }pp. or a. Covered on the top; capped; sur- 
TOPT, 5 passed ; cropped ; having the top cut off. 
TOP'PING, ppr. 1. Covering the top ; capping ; surpassing ; 
cropping ; lopping. 2. a. Fine ; gallant. — Johnson. 3. 
Proud ; assuming superiority ; [New England.] 
TOP'PING, n. In seamen's language, the act of pulling one 

extremity of a yard higher than the other. 
TOP'PING-LIFT, n. A large, strong tackle employed to 
suspend or top the outer end of a gaff, or of the boom of 
a main-sail, in a brig or schooner. 
TOP'PING-LY, adv. Proudly ; with airs of disdain. [Low.] 
TOPPLE, v. i. To fall forward ; to pitch or tumble down. 
TOP'PLE (top'pl), v. t. To throw down.— Shak. 
TOP'PLING, ppr. Falling forward. 
TOP'SY-TUR'VY, adv. In an inverted posture ; with the 

top or head downward.— South. 
T50.UE (tok), )n. [Fr. a cap.] A kind of bonnet or 

TO-O.UET (to-kaO, 5 head-dress for women. 
TOR n. [Sax. tor ; L. turris.] A tower ; a turret ; also, a 

high, pointed hill. [ Used in names.] 
TORCH, n. [It. torcia ; Sp. antorcha ; Fr. torche ; D. toorts.] 
A fight or luminary formed of some combustible sub- 
stance, as of resinous wood ; a large candle or flambeau. 
TORCH'-BEXR-ER, n. [torch and bear.] One whose office 
is to carry a torch. — Sidney. 



TORCH-LIGHT (-lite), n. 1. The fight of a torch or of 
torches. 2. A fight kindled to supply the want of the 
sun. 
TORCH-THIS-TLE (-thisl), n. A prickly plant of the cac- 
tus tribe, with stems somewhat resembling a wax candle, 
and some times used for torches. 
TORCH-WORT (-wurt), n. A plant— More. 
t TORCH'ER n. One who gives light— Shak. 
ToRE, pret. of tear ; as, he tore his robe. 
ToRE, n. [perhaps from tear.] The dead grass that re- 
mains on mowing land in winter and spring. — Holloway. 
ToRE, n. [L. torus.] In architecture, a large, round mold- 
ing on the base of a column ; a torus.— Gloss, of Archil. 
TO-REU-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. roPevua and ypa<pn.] A 

description of ancient sculptures ana basso-relievos. 
TO-REU-MA-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ropevna and \oyos-] The 

art or_ description of sculpture and bas-relief. 
TO-REuTI€, a. [Gr. todcvtos, polished.] In sculpture, high- 
ly finished or polished ; applied, properly, to figures in hard 
wood, ivory, &c. — Brande. 
TORMENT, V [Fr. tourment; L. tormentum ; It, Sp. tor- 
mento.] 1. Extreme pain ; anguish ; the utmost degree 
of misery, either of body or mind. 2. That which gives 
pain, vexation, or misery. 3. An engine for casting stones. 
TOR-MENT', o. t. 1. To put to extreme pain or anguish ; 
torture ; to inflict excruciating pain and misery, either of 
body or mind. 2. To pain ; to distress. 3. To tease ; to 
vex ; to harass. 4. To put into great agitation ; [unusual.] 
TOR-MENTED, pp. Pained to extremity ; teased. 
TOR'MEN-TIL, n. [Fr. tormentille ; It. tormentilla.] The 
septfoD, a plant whose root is used in medicine as a pow- 
erful astringent. 
TOR-MENT'ING, ppr. or a. Paining to an extreme degree , 

inflicting severe distress and anguish ; teasing. 
TOR-MENTTNG, n. In agriculture, an imperfect sort of 

horse-hoein?. — Cyc. 
TOR-MENTTNG-LY, adv. In a manner tending to produce 

distress or anguish. 
TOR-MENTOR, \ n. 1. He or that which torments ; one 
TOR-MENT'ER, > who inflicts penal anguish or tortures, 
— 2. In agriculture, an instrument for reducing a stiff soil 
resembling a harrow, but running upon wheels. — Hebert. 
ToRN, pp. of tear. — Ex., xxii. 
TOR-Na'DO, n. [Sp., Port, tornada.] A violent gust of wind, 

or a_ tempest, distinguished by a whirling motion. 
TO-RoSE', ) a. [L. torosus.] In natural history, protuberant , 
To'ROUS, 5 swelling in knobs, like the veins and muscles 

— Martyn. 
TOR-PE'DO, n. [L.] 1. The cramp-fish or electric ray ; the 
name of a genus of fishes allied to the rays. Violent elec- 
tric shocks are experienced on touching the living and 
active torpedo. 2. An engine invented for the purpose of 
destroying shipping by blowing them up. 
TOR'PENT, a. [L. torpens, torpeo.] Benumbed ; torpid ; hav- 
ing no motion or activity ; incapable of motion. 
TOR'PENT, n. In medicine, that which diminishes the ex- 
ertion of the irritative motions. — Darwin. 
TOR-PES'CENCE, n. A state of insensibility ; torpidness , 

numbness ; stupidity. 
TOR-PES'CENT, a. [L. torpescens.] Becoming torpid. 
TOR'PID, a. [L. torpidus.] 1. Having lost motion or the pow- 
er of exertion and feeling; numb. — ^.Figuratively, destitute 
of sensibility. — Syn. Dull ; stupid ; sluggish ; inactive ; be- 
numbed. 
TOR-PID'I-TY, n. Torpidness. 
TOR'PID-LY, adv. In a dull, inactive manner. 
TOR'PID-NESS, ) n. 1. The state of being torpid ; numb- 
TOR'PI-TUDE, 5 ness.— Torpidness may amount to total 
insensibility or loss of sensation. 2. Dullness ; inactivity ; 
sluggishness ; stupidity. 
TOR'Pl-FlED, pp. Rendered torpid. 
TOR'Pi-FY, v. t. To make torpid. 
TOR'Pl-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering torpid. 
TORPOR, n. [L.] 1. Numbness ; inactivity ; loss of mo 
tion, or of the power of motion. 2. Dullness ; laziness , 
sluggishness ; stupidity. 
TOR-PO-RIF'I€, a. [L. torpor and facio.] Tending to pro 

duce torpor. 
TOR-RE-F ACTION, n. [Fr. ; L. torrefacio.] 1. The opera- 
tion of drying by a fire. — 2. In metallurgy, the operation 
of roasting ores. — 3. In pharmacy, the drying or roasting 
of drugs on a metalline plate, placed over or before coals 
of fire,- till they become friable to the fingers, or are brought 
to some other desired state. 
TOE/RE-FlJED (-fide), pp. or a. Dried ; roasted ; scorched 
TOR'RE-FY, v. t. [L. torrefacio ; Fr. torrefier.] 1. To dry by 
a fire. Brown. — 2. In metallurgy, to roast or scorch, as 
metallic ores. — 3. In pharmacy, to dry or parch, as drugs, 
on a metalline plate till they are friable, or are reduced to 
any state desired. 
TORHE-FY-ING, ppr. Drying by a fire ; roasting. 
TORTtENT, n. [L. torrens.] 1. A violent rushing stream 
of water or other fluid ; a stream suddenly raised and run- 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J : S as J. ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



TOS 



1038 



TOU 



ning rapidly, as down a precipice. 2. A violent or rapid 
stream ; a strong current 

TOE/RENT, a. Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. 

TOR-RI-CEL'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Torricelli; as, the 
Torricellian tube; i. e., the tube of the barometer. — Tor- 
ricellian vacuum, a vacuum formed in the barometer. 

TORRID, a. [L. torridus.] 1. Parched ; dried with heat. 
2. Violently hot ; burning or parching. — Torrid zone, that 
zone or part of the earth between the tropics and on both 
sides of the equator ; so named from its great heat. At all 
places within this zone the sun is vertical every year. 

TOR'RID-NESS, n. The state of being very hot and 
parched, 

TORSE, n. [Fr. torse ; L. tortus.'] In heraldry, a wreath. 

TOR'SEL, n. Any thing in a twisted form. — Moxon. 

TOR'SION (tor'shun), n. [L. torsio.] The act of turning or 
twisting. — Torsion balance, an instrument for estimating 
very minute forces, by the action of two fine wires or 
threads, which twist round each other. 

TORSO, n. [It.] The trunk of a statue deprived of head 
and limbs ; as, the torso of Hercules. 

TORT, n. [Fr. ; L. tortus.] 1. In law, any wrong or injtiry. 
2. Mischief; calamity. — Spenser; [obs.] 

TORTILE, a. [L. tortilis.] Twisted ; wreathed ; coiled.— 
In botany, coiled like a rope. 

* TOR'TION, n. [L. tortus.] Torment ; pain.— Bacon. 

TORTIOUS (tor'shus), a. 1. Injurious ; done by wrong.— 

2. In law, implying tort, or injury for which the law gives 
damages. 

TORT'lVE, a. [L. tortus.] Twisted ; wreathed.— Shak. 

TORTOISE (tor'tis), n. [L. tortus.] 1. An animal of the or- 
der tesludinata or chelonia, covered with a 6hell or crust. 
— 2. In the military art, a defense used by the ancients, 
formed by the troops arranging themselves in close order 
and placing their bucklers over their heads, making a cover 
resembling a tortoise-shell. 

TORTOISE-SHELL, n. The shell, or horny scutes or plates 
of the tortoise, used in inlaying and in various manufac- 
tures ; particularly, the shell of a species of sea turtle, the 
hawk's bill turtle, chelone imbricata. — Brande. 

TORT-U-oSE', a. Wreathed ; twisted ; winding.— Loudon. 

TORT-U-OS'I-TY, n. [from tortuous.] The state of being 
twisted or wreathed ; wreath ; flexure. 

TORT'U-OUS, a. [L. tortuosus ; Fr. tortueux.] 1. Twisted ; 
wreathed ; winding. — 2. Figuratively, deceitful ; crooked. 

3. Tortious. — Spenser; [obs.] 
TORT'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a winding manner. 
TORT'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being twisted. 
TORTURE (tort'yur), n. [Fr. torture ; It., Sp. tortura.] 1. 

Extreme pain ; anguish of body or mind ; pang ; agony ; 
torment. 2. Severe pain inflicted judicially, either as a 
punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a 
confession from an accused person. 

TORTURE, v. t. 1. To pain to extremity ; to torment. 2. 
To punish with torture ; to put to the rack. 3. To vex ; 
to harass. 4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow ; [obs.] 

TORTURED, pp. Tormented ; stretched on the wheel. 

TORTUR-ER, n. One who tortures ; a tormentor. 

TORT'UR-ING, ppr. Tormenting ; stretching on the rack. 

TORT'UR-ING-LY, adv. So as to torture or torment. 

t TORT'UR-OUS, a. Tormenting.— Mom 

TOR-U-LoSE', a. In botany, cylindrical, with several swells 
and contractions. 

To'RUS, n. [L.] 1. In architecture, a large molding used in 
the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. Brande. 
— 2. In botany, the receptacle or part of the flower on 
which the carpels are seated. — Lindley. 

TOR'VI-TY, n. [L. torvitas.] Sourness or severity of coun- 
tenance. 

TOR'VOUS, a. [L. torvus.] Sour of aspect ; stern ; of a se- 
vere countenance. — Derham. 

To'RY, n. [said to be an Irish word, denoting a robber.] 
The name given to an adherent to the ancient constitution 
of England and to the ecclesiastical hierarchy. — In Amer- 
ica, during the Revolution, those who opposed the war, and 
favored the claims of Great Britain, were called tories. 

To'RY, a. Pertaining to the tories. 

To'RY-ISM, n. The principles of the tories. 

ToSE, v. t. To tease wool. [Not in use, or local.] 

lOSS, v. t. ; pret. and pp. tossed or tost. [W. tosiaw.] 1. To 
throw with the hand ; particularly, to throw with the palm 
of the hand upward, or to throw upward. 2. To throw 
with violence. 3. To lift or throw up with a sudden or 
violent motion ; to shake or agitate. 4. To cause to rise 
and fall. 5. To move one way and the other. — Prov., xxi. 
6. To agitate ; to make restless. 7. To keep in play ; to 
tumble over. — To toss the oars, in a boat, is to throw them 
with their blades up in a perpendicular direction, as a 
salute. 
TOSS, v. i. 1. To fling ; to roll and tumble ; to writhe ; to 
be in violent commotion. 2. To be tossed. — To toss up, to 
throw a coin into the air and wager on which side it will 
fall. 



See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c, long.— X. E. I, Sec., short.— FiR FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, RiRD 



TOSS, n. 1. A throwing upward or with a jerk ; the act ol 
tossing. 2. A throwing up of the head ; a particular man- 
ner of raising the head with a jerk. 

TOSS-POT, n. A toper; one given to strong drink. 

TOSS23D (tost), pp. Thrown upward suddenly or with a 
jerk ; made to rise and fall suddenly. 

TOSS'.EL, n. See Tassel. 

TOSS'ER, n. One who tosses. 

TOSS'ING, ppr. Throwing upward with a jerk. 

TOSS'ING, n. The act of throwing upward ; a rising and 
falling suddenly ; a rolling and tumbling. — Milton. 

TOST, pret. and pp. of toss. — Milton. 

To'TAL, a. [Fr. ; L. totalis.] 1. Whole ; full ; complete ; en- 
tire. 2. Whole ; not divided. — Milton. 

To'TAL, n. The whole ; the whole sum or amount. 

TO-TAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. totalite.] The whole sum; whole 
quantity or amount. 

To'TAL-LY, adv. Wholly; entirely; fully; completely. 

ToTAL-NESS, n. Entireness. 

ToTE, v. t. To carry or bear. [A word used in slave-hold- 
ing countries, said to have been introduced by the blacks. It 
is most used in the Southern and Middle United States, occa- 
sionally in New England, and is said also to be used in En- 
gland.] 

T5TE, n. [L. totus.] The entire body, or all ; as, the whole 
tote. Halliwell says, still in use. [Colloquial.] 

ToT'ED, pp. Carried or borne. 

T'OTHER (tufh'er), a vulgar pronunciation of the other. 

TOTT-DEM VERBIS. [L.] In so many words ; in the 
very words. 

Td'TI-ES QW'TI-eS (to'she-eez kwo'she-eez), [L.] As 
often as one.^o often the other. 

TO'TO CCE'LO (-seelo), [L.] By the whole hemisphere , 
as opposite as possible. 

IN TO'TO. [L.] In the whole. 

TOT'TER, v. i. 1. To shake so as to threaten a fall ; to stag- 
ger ; to vacillate. 2. To shake ; to reel ; to lean. — Dryden. 

TOTTER-IN G, ppr. or a. Shaking, as threatening a fall; 
vacillating; reeling; inclining. 

TOTTER-ING-LY, adv. In a tottering manner. 

t TOT'TER- Y, > a. Shaking ; trembling or vacillating as if 

TOTTY, 5 about to fall; unsteady.— Todd. 

ToU'GAN, n. 1. A bird of tropical America, remarkable fo 
the large size of its bill. The feet of toucans, like those o 
parrots, are formed for grasping. 2. A small modern cot 

. stellation of the southern hemisphere. 

T6UCH (tuch), v. t. [Fr. toucher ; Arm. touicha, touchan, o- 
touchien ; Goth, tekan, attekan ; G. ticken ; D. tekken ; Sp. 
Port, tocar ; It. toccare.] 1. To come in contact with ; t< 
hit or strike against. 2. To perceive by the sense of feel 
ing. 3. To come to ; to reach ; to attain to. 4. To try, a» 
gold with a stone. 5. To relate to ; to concern ; [nearly 
obs.] 6. To handle slightly. 7. To meddle with. 8. To 
affect. 9. To move ; to soften ; to melt. 10. To mark or 
delineate slightly. 11. To infect; [rare.] 12. To make an 
impression on. 13. To strike, as an instrument of music ; 
to play on. 14. To influence by impulse ; to impel forci- 
bly. 15. To treat slightly. 16. To afflict or distress. Gen., 
xxvi.— To touch up, to repair ; or to improve by slight 
touches or emendations. — To touch the wind, in seamen'? 
language, is to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. 

T6UCH (tuch), v. i. 1. To be in contact with; to be in a 
state of junction, so that no space is between. 2. To fast- 
en on; to take effect on. 3. To treat of slightly in dis- 
course. — Among seamen, the sails are said to touch when 
they are braced so sharp, or so near the wind, that they 
begin to shake. Totten.—To touch at, to come or go to, 
without stay.— To touch on or upon. 1. To mention slight- 
ly.— Addison. 2. To touch at ; [rare.] 

T6UCH (tuch), n. 1. Contact ; the hitting of two bodies ; 
the junction of two bodies at the surface so that there is 
no space between them. 2. The sense of feeling, or com- 
mon sensation ; one of the five senses. 3. The act of 
touching. 4. The state of being touched. 5. Examina- 
tion by a stone. 6. Test; that by which any thing is ex 
amined. 7. Proof; tried qualities. 8. Single act ot a pen- 
cil on a picture. 9. Feature ; lineament. 10. Act ot the 
hand on a musical instrument. 21. Power of exciting the 
affections. 12. Something of passion or affection. 13. Par- 
ticular application of any thing to a person ; [obs.] 14. A 
stroke. 15. Animadversion : censure ; reproof. 16. Exact 
performance of agreement; [obs.] 17. A small quantity 
intermixed. 18. A hint ; suggestion ; slight notice. 19. A 
cant word for a slight essay ; [oos.]-20. In music, the re- 
sistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers.— 21. 
In music, an organ is said to have a good touch or stop 
when the keys close well.— 22. In ship-building, touch is 
the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt ; or the 
middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion ; also, the 
angles of the stern timbers at the counters. 

T6UCH'-H5LE (tuch'-hole), n. [touch and hole.] The vent 
of a cannon or other species of fire-arms, by wmch fire is 

communicated to the powder of t he charge. 

MOVE, BOOK, 



TOW 



1039 



TOi 



fOUCH'-ME-NOT, n. A plant of the genus impatiens, and 
another of the genus momordica. 

TOUCH'-NEE-DLE (tuch'-nee-dl), n. Touch-needles are small 
bars of gold and silver, some of which are pure and others 
alloyed with various definite proportions of copper, pre- 
pared for trying gold and silver by the touch-stone, by 
comparison with the mark they leave upon it. 

TOUCH'-STONE (tuch'-stone), n. 1. A variety of extreme- 
ly compact silicious schist, almost as close as flint, used 
for ascertaining the purity of gold and silver by the streak 
impressed on the stone ; also called Lydian stone. 2. Any 
test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. 
— Irish touch-stone is the basalt, the stone which composes 
the Giant's Causeway. 

rOUCH'-WOOD, n. [touch and wood.] Decayed wood, 
used like a match for taking fire from a spark.— Howell. 

rOUCH'A-BLE, a. That may be touched; tangible. 

r6UCH'I-LY (tuch'e-le), adv. With irritation; with peev- 
ishness. — Waterhouse. 

roUCH'I-NESS (tuch'e-nes), n. [from touchy.] Peevish- 
ness ; irritability ; irascibility.— King Charles. 

TOUCHING (tuch'ing), ppr. 1. Coming in contact with ; 
hitting ; striking ; affecting. 2. Concerning ; relating to ; 
with respect to. 3. a. Affecting; moving; pathetic. 

TOUCHING (tuch'ing), n. Touch ; the sense of feeling. 

TOUCH'ING-LY (tuch'ing-le), adv. In a manner to move 
the passions ; feelingly. — Garth. 

TOUCHY (tuch'e), a. [vulgarly, techy.] Peevish ; irritable ; 
irascible; apt to take fire.— Arbuthnot. [Not elegant.] 

TOUGH (tuf), a. [Sax. toh.] 1. Having the quality of flexi- 
bility without brittleness ; yielding to force without break- 
ing. 2. Firm ; strong ; not easily broken ; able to endure 
hardship. 3. Not easily separated ; viscous ; clammy ; 
tenacious ; ropy. 4. Stiff; not flexible. 

TOUGHEN (tuf'n), v. i. To stow tough.— Mortimer. 

TOUGHEN (tuf'n), v. t. To make tough. 

T6UGHZN.ED (tuf 'nd), pp. Made or become tough. 

TOUGH'£N-ING (tuf 'n-ing), ppr. Making tou<di. 

T6UGHISH (tuf'ish), a. "Tough in a sli°ht degree. 

TOUGH'LY (tufle). adv. In a tough manner. 

TOUGHNESS (tuf'nes), n. 1. The quality of a substance 
which renders it in some degree flexible, without brittle- 
ness or liability to fracture ; flexibility with a firm adhe- 
sion of parts. 2. Viscosity ; tenacity ; clamminess ; glu- 
tinousness. 3. Firmness ; strength of constitution or tex- 
ture. 

TOU-PEE' I (too-pa-), n. [Fr. toupet.] A little tuft; a curl 

* TOU-PET' 5 or artificial lock of hair. 

TOUR (toor), n. [Fr. tour ; D. toer.] 1. Literally, a going 
round ; hence, a journey in a circuit. 2. A turn ; a revo- 
lution ; [obs.] 3. A turn ; as, a tour of duty. 4. A tress 
or circular border of hair on the head, worn sometimes by 
both sexes. 5. A tower ; [obs.]— Syn. Circuit ; round ; 
excursion ; ramble ; trip ; jaunt. 

TOUR-BILTJON (toor-bil'yon), n. An ornamental fire-work, 
peculiar for turning round when in the air, so as to pre- 
sent the appearance of a scroll of fire. — Francis. 

ToUR'IST (toorlst), n. One who makes a tour, or per- 
forms a journey in a circuit. 

ToUR'MA-LIN, \n. A mineral, occurring usually in black 

TUR'MA-LIN, 5 prisms of three or six sides, terminated 
by three-sided pyramids. Blue tourmalin has been called 
indicolite, and red, rubellite. The green and red varieties, 
when clear and of large size, are highly esteemed in jew- 
elry. — Dana. 

TOURN, n. The sheriff's turn or court ; also, a spinning- 
wheel. [Not American.] 

* TOURN'A-MENT (turn'a-ment), n. [from Fr. tourner.] A 
mock-fight or military sport, in which quite a number of 
combatants were engaged as an exhibition of their address 
and bravery. It differed from the joust, which was a trial 
of skill between one man and another. 

* TOURN'EY (turn'e), n. A tournament. 

* TOURN'EY (turn'e), v. i. To tilt ; to perform tournaments. 
TOURN'I-QUET (turn'i-ket), n. [Fr.] A surgical instrument 

or bandage, which is straitened or relaxed with a screw, 

and used to check hemorrhages. 
T6UR-NOIS (toor-nwa/), n. A livre tournois was a French 

money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It was thus 

called in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained 

25 sous.— Diet, de I' Acad. 
TdUR-NURE', n. [Fr.] Turn; contour. 
TOUSE, v. t. [G. lausen.] To pull ; to haul ; to tear. Hence, 

Towser. — Spen ser. 
TOUSE, n. A pulling ; a disturbance.— Halliwell. 
TOUSLE, } v. t. The same as touse ; to put into disorder ; 
TOU'SEL, j to tumble ; to tangle. 
TOUT, v. i. 1. To toot, which "see. 2. To ply or seek for 

customers. Hence, a touter is one who touts for an inn. — 

Smart. — Halliwell. [Various dialects.] 
TOW, v. t. [Sax. teogan, teon ; Fr. touer.] To drag, a3 a boat 

or ship, through the water by means of a rope." 
ToW, n. [Sax. tow ; Fr. etoupe ; L. stupa.] The coarse and 



broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer pari 

by the hatchel or swingle. 
TOW-BOAT, n. A boat which is drawn by a tow-line or 

towed. 
TOW -LINE, 7i. A small hawser used to tow a ship, &c. 
ToW-RoPE, n. Any rope used in towing ships or boats • 
To WAGE, 7i. 1. The act of towing. 2. The price paid 

for towing. — Walsh. 

* TOWARD (to'ard), prep. [Sax. toward ; to and ward. 1. In 

the direction to. 2. With direction to, [in a moral sense ;] 
with respect to ; regarding. 3. With ideal tendency to. 
4. Nearly. 

* TOWARD, adv. Near at hand ; in a state of preparation. 

* TOWARD, a. Ready to do or learn ; not froward ; apt 

* TeWARD-LI-NESS, n. [from towardly.] Readiness to do 

or learn ; aptness ; docility.— Raleigh. 

* To'WARD-LY, a. Ready to do or learn ; apt ; docile , 

tractable ; compliant with duty. — Bacon. 

* TO'WARD-NESS, ti. Docility ; towardliness.— South. 
TOWEL, n. [Fr. touaille ; Gaelic tubailt.] A cloth used for 

wiping the hands and for other things. 

TOWEL-ING, ti. Cloth for towels. 

TOWER, ti. [Sax. tor, tirre ; Ir. tor ; Fr., Arm. tour ; Sp n 
It, Port, torre ; W. twr.] 1. A building, either round oi 
square, raised to a considerable elevation, and consisting 
of several stories. The tower of a church is that par« 
which contains the bells, and from which the steeple rises 
— Brande. 2. A citadel; a fortress.— Ps. lxi. 3. A higi 
head-dress. 4. High flight ; elevation. — Totcer of London. 
a collection of buildingsm the eastern part of London, for 
merly containing a state-prison, and no 1 ?* used as an arse 
nal and repository of various objects of public interest 
P. Cyc. — Round tower ; see Round Tower. 

TOWER, v. i. To rise and fly high ; to soar ; to be lofty 

TOWERM), a. Adorned or defended by towers.— Milton 

TOWER-ING, ppr. 1. Rising aloft ; mounting high ; soai 
ing. 2. a. Very high ; elevated. 

TOWER-MUS-TARD, ti. An annual plant of the gemn 
turritis. whose leaves and seeds give the stem a pyramids* 
form. — Loudon. 

TOWER-Y, a. Having towers ; adorned or defended by 
towers. 

TOWING, ppr. Drawing on water, as a boat. 

TOWING-PaTH, > ti. A path used by men or horses thai 

TOW-PATH, 5 tow boats. 

TOWN, 7i. [Sax. tun ; W. din, dinas ; Gaelic dun.] 1. Orig 
inally, a walled or fortified place ; a collection of houseu 
inclosed with walls, hedges, or pickets for safety. 2. An) 
collection of houses larger than a village. — 3. In England 
Any number of houses to which belongs a regular market, 
and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. 4. The in- 
habitants of a town.— 5. In popular usage, in America, a 
township ; the whole territory within certain limits. — 6. 
In England, the court end of London. — Pope. 7. The in- 
habitants of the metropolis. — Pope. 8. The metropolis. 

TOWN-CLERK, n. An officer who keeps the records of a 
town, andenters all its official proceedings. 

TOWN-CRl'ER, ti. [town and cry.] A public crier; one 
who makes proclamation. — Shah. 

TOWN'-HALL, ti. A public room or building for transact- 
ing the business of a town. 

TOWN'-HOUSE, ti. 1. The house where the public busi 
ness of the town is transacted by the inhabitants in legal 
meeting ; [New England.] 2. A house in town, in oppo 
sition to a house in the country. 

TOWN'-TALK (-tawk), n. [town and talk.] The common 
talk of a place, or the subject of common conversation. 

TOWN'ISH, a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of a town 

TOWN'LESS, a. Having no town.— Howell. 

TOWN'SHIP, ti. The district or territory of a town. 

TOWNS'MAN, ti. 1. An inhabitant of a place ; or one < i 
the same town with another. 2. A selectman. 

TOWS'ER n. [from touse.] The name of a dog. 

TOX'I-CAL, a. [Gr. toIlkuv.] Poisonous. [Little used.] 

TOX-I-€O-LO0'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to toxicology. 

TOX-I-€0-LOgTG-AL-LY, adv. In a toxicological manner 

TOX-I-€OL'0-GlST, ti. One who treats of poisons. 

TOX-I-COL'O-GY. ti. [Gr. toIikov and Xo) o?.] That branch 
of medicine which treats of the morbid and deleterious 
effects of excessive and inordinate doses and quantities of 
medicines, commonly called poisoning. 

TOX'O-DON, ti. [Gr. to^ov and oSov s.] A gigantic pachyderm- 
atous quadruped, now extinct, having teeth bent like a 
bow. — Brande. 

TOX-OPH'I-LlTE, ti. [Gr. to\ov and 0-Ao?.] A lover of 
archery. 

TOY, n. [qu. D. tool] 1. A plaything for children ; a baw- 
ble. 2. A trifle ; a thing for amusement, but of no resl 
value. 3. An article of trade of little value. 4. Matter of no 
importance. 5. Folly ; trifling practice ; silly opinion. G 
Amorous dalliance ; play ; sport. 7. An old story ; a silly 
tale. 8. Slight representation. 9. Wild fancy ; odd conceit. 



DOVE —BULL. UNTTE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as 7. ; ClI as SH ; TH as in this, t Ohfoicte. 



TKA 



1040 



TEA 



TOY, v. i. [Dan. tover ; Sw. tofva.] To dally amorously ; to 
trifle ; to play. 

t TOY, v. t. To treat foolishly.— Dering. 

TOY'-MAN, n. [toy and man.) One who deals in toys. 

TOY-SHOP, n. A shop where toys are sold. 

TOY'ER, n. One who toys ; one who is full of trifling tricks. 

TOY'FUL, a. Full of trifling play.— Donne. 

TOYING, ppr. Dallying; trifling. 

TOY'ISH, a. Trifling ; wanton.— Crowley. 

TOY'ISH-NESS, n. Disposition to dalliance or trifling. 

ToZE, v. t. To pull by violence. See Touse. 

TRI'BE-A, n. [L.] In Roman history, a robe worn by kings, 
consuls, and augurs. 

TRa-BE-I'TION, n. [L. trabs, a beam.] In architecture, the 
same as entablature. 

TRICE, n. [Fr. ; It. traccia ; Sp. traza.] 1. A mark left by 
any thing passing ; & footstep ; a track ; a vestige. 2. Re- 
mains ; a mark, impression, or visible appearance of any 
thing left when the tiling itself no longer exists. 

TRaCE, n. [Fr. tirasse.] Traces, in a harness, are the straps, 
chains, &c, by which a carriage or sleigh is drawn by horses. 
[Locally, these are called tugs ; Sax. teogan, to draw.] 

TRaCE, v. t. [Fr. tracer; It. tracciare ; Sp. trazare] 1. To 
mark out ; to draw or delineate with marks. 2. To follow 
by some mark that has been left by something which has 
preceded ; to follow by footsteps or tracks. 3. To follow 
with exactness. 4. To walk over. 

TRICE'A-BLE, a. That may be traced.— Drummond. 

TRaCE'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being traceable. 

TRaCE'A-BLY, adv. In a traceable manner. 

TRaGED (trast), pp. Marked out ; delineated ; followed. 

TRa'CER, n. One who traces or follows by marks. 

TRa'CER-Y, n. In Gothic architecture, an ornamental di- 
vergency of the mullions in the head of a window into 
arches, curves, and flowing lines, enriched with foliations ; 
also, the subdivisions of groined vaults, &c. — Gwilt. 

* TRI'CHE-A (tra'ke-a), n. [Low L.] In anatomy, the wind- 
pipe. 

TRA'-GHE-iE, n. pi. The spiral vessels of leaves and insects. 

TRI'CHE-AL, a. Pertaining to the trachea or wind-pipe. 

TRA-€HEL'I-POD, n. [Gr. rpax^Ao?, the neck, and zovs. foot.] 
A univalve mollusk with a spiral shell, having the foot pro- 
ceeding from or joined to the neck. 

TRI-CHEL-IP'O-DOUS, a. Having the foot united with the 
neck ; having the characters of a trachelipod. 

TRa'GHE-O-CeLE, n. [trachea, and Gr. Kn\n.] An enlarge- 
ment of the thyroid gland; bronchocele or goitre. 

TRI-CHE-OTO-MY, n. [trachea, and Gr. reuviD.] In surgery, 
the operation of making an opening into the wind-pipe. 

TRa'CHyTE, n. [Gr. rpaxvs-] A nearly compact feldspath- 
ic volcanic rock, breaking with a rough surface. — Dana. 

TRA-CHYTIC, a. Pertaining to trachyte, or consisting of it. 

TRI'CING, ppr. [from trace.] Marking out; drawing in 
lines ; following by marks or footsteps. 

TRa'CING, n. Course ; regular track or path. — Dames. 

TRACK, n. [It. traccia ; Sp. traza ; Fr. trace.] 1. A mark 
left by something that has passed along. 2. A mark or 
impression left by the foot, either of man or beast. 3. A 
road ; a beaten path. 4. Course ; way. 

TRACK, v. t. 1. To follow when guided by a trace, or by 
the footsteps, or marks of the feet. 2. To tow ; to draw a 
vessel by a line reaching from her to the shore. 

TRACK-RoAD, n. [track and road.] A towing-path. 

TRACK-SCOUT, n. [track, and D. schuit.) A boat on the 
canals in Holland. See Tkack-schuyt. 

TRACKAGE, n. A drawing or towing, as of a boat. 

TRACKED (trakt), pp. Followed by the footsteps. 

TRACKING, ppr. Following by the impression of the feet ; 
drawing a boat ; towing. 

TRACKLESS, a. Having no track; marked by no foot- 
steps ; untrodden ; as, a trackless desert. 

TRAGKLESS-LY, adv. So as to leave no track. 

TRACKLESS-NESS, n. The state of being without a track. 

I'RACT, n. [L. tractus ; It. tratto ; Fr. trait; from L. traho.) 
1. Something drawn out or extended. 2. A quantity of 
land or water, of indefinite extent. 3. A written discourse 
or dissertation of indefinite length, but generally not of 
great extent. — 4. In hunting, the trace or footing of a wild 
beast 5. Treatment ; exposition ; [obs.] 6. Track ; [obs.] 
7. Continuity or extension of any thing; [rare.] 8. Con- 
tinued or protracted duration ; length ; extent. — Syn. Re- 
gion; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation. 

f TRACT, v. t. To trace out ; to draw out. 

TRACT- A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being tract- 
able or docile ; docility ; tractableness. 

TRACTA-BLE, a. [L. tractabilis ; Fr. traitable.] 1. That 

may be easily led. taught, or managed. 2. Palpable ; such 

as may be handled. — Syn. Docile ; manageable ; ductile ; 

governable ; compliant. 

TRACTA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 

tractable or manageable , docility. — Locke. 
ntACTA-BLY, adv. In a tractable manner ; with ready 
compliance. 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c. short— FAR, FALL, WHAT 



TRACT- I'RI- AN, n. A term applied to the writers of the 
Oxford Tracts in favor of Puseyism, which see. 

t TRACTATE, n. [L. tractatus.] A treatise ; a tract. 

TRACT-A'TION, n. [L. tractatio.] Treatment or handling 
of a subject ; discussion. — Bp. Hall. 

TRACT- a'TRIX, n. In geometry, a curve line. 

TRACTILE, a. [L. tractus.] Capable of being drawn out 
in length ; ductile. — Bacon. 

TRA€T-IL'I-TY, n. The quality of being tractile ; ductility. 
— Derham. 

TRACTION, n. [L. tractus.] 1. The act of drawing, or state 
of being drawn. 2. Attraction ; a drawing toward. 

TRAC-Tl"TIOUS (-tish'us), n. Treating of; handling. 

TRACTIVE, a. Tractive power, the power necessary to drag 
any thing along a road or other surface, overcoming the 
friction occasioned by the transit.— Francis. 

TRACTOR, n. That which draws, or is used for drawing. 
Journ. of Science. — The metallic tractors of Perkins were 
two small, pointed bars of brass and steel, which, being 
drawn over diseased parts of the body, were supposed to 
give relief through the agency of electricity or magnetism. 

TRACTO-RY, ) n. [L. traho.] A curve whose tangent is al- 

TRACTRIX, 5 ways equal to a given line. 

TRaDE, n. [Sp., Port, trato ; It. tratta.] 1. The act or busi- 
ness of exchanging commodities by barter ; or the busi- 
ness of buying and selling for money ; commerce ; traf- 
fic ; barter. 2. The business which a person has learned, 
and which he carries on for procuring subsistence or for 
profit ; occupation ; particularly, mechanical employment. 
3. Business pursued ; [in contempt.] 4. Instruments of any 
occupation. 5. Employment not manual; habitual ex 
ercise. 6. Custom ; habit ; standing practice. 7. Men en- 
gaged in the same occupation ; thus booksellers speak of 
the customs of the trade. — 8. The trades, the trade-winds. 
— Syn. Profession ; occupation ; office ; calling ; avoca- 
tion ; employment ; commerce ; dealing ; traffic. 

TRaDE, v. i. 1. To barter, or to buy and sell ; to deal in 
the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, and mer- 
chandise, or any thing else ; to traffic ; to carry on com- 
merce as a business. 2. To buy and sell or exchange 
property in a single instance. 3. To act merely for mon- 
ey. 4. To have a trade-wind ; [unusual.] 

TRaDE, v. t. To sell or exchange in commerce. 

TRaDE'-Sa.LE, n. An auction by and for booksellers. 

TRaDE'-WiND, n. A name given to winds in the torrid 
zone, and often a little beyond it, which blow from the 
same quarter throughout the year, unless when aft'ected 
by local causes. Their general direction is from N.E. to 
S.W. on the north side of the equator, and from S.E. to 
N.W. on the south side of the equator. — Olmsted. 

t TRaD'ED, a. Versed ; practiced.— Shak. 

TRaDE'FUL, a. Commercial; busy in traffic. — Spenser. 

TRaD'ER, n. One engaged in trade or commerce ; a deal- 
er in buying and selling or barter ; merchant ; tradesman. 

t TRaDES'-FoLK, n. People employed in trade.— Swift. 

TRaDES'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who trades or is skilled 
in_ trade. 

TRaDES'MAN, n. [trade and man.] A shop-keeper. 

TRID'ING, ppr. 1. Trafficking ; exchanging commodities 
by barter, or buying and selling them. 2. a. Carrying on 
commerce. 

TRADING, n. The act or business of carrying on commerce 

TRA-Dl"TION (tra-dish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. traditio.] 1. Deliv 
ery ; the act of delivering into the hands of another. 2 
The delivery or transmission of opinions, doctrines, prac- 
tices, rites, and customs from father to son, or from ances- 
tors to posterity. 3. That which is handed down from 
age to age by oral communication. 

TRA-Dl"TIONAL (-dish'un-al), \ a. 1. Delivered orally 

TRA-Di"TION-A-RY (-dish'un-a-re), > from lather to son , 
communicated from ancestors to descendants by word 
only; transmitted from age to age without writing. 2. 
Observant of tradition ; [obs.] 

TRA-Dl"TION-AL-L Y (-dish'un-), adv. By transmission from 
father to son, or from age to age. 

TRA-Di"TION-A-RI-LY (-dish'un-), adv. By tradition.— 
Dwight. 

TRA-DI"TION-A-RY (-dish'un-), n. Among the Jews, one 
who acknowledges the authority of traditions, and ex- 
plains the Scriptures by them. 

TRA-Dl"TION-ER \ (-dish'un-), n. One who adheres to 

TRA-Dl"TION-IST J tradition.— Gregory. 

TRAD'I-TlVE, a. [Fr.] Transmitted or transmissible from 
father to son, or from age to age, by oral communication. 

TRAD'I-TOR, n. [L.] A deliverer; a name of infamy given 
to Christians who delivered the Scriptures or the goods of 
the Church to their persecutors to save their lives. 

TRA-DfJCE', v. t. [L. traduco ; Fr. traduire.] 1. To reprc 
sent as blamable ; to condemn. 2. Willfully to misrepre- 
sent and abuse. 3. To propagate ; to continue by deriving 
one from another; [obs.]— Syn. To calumniate; vilify, 
defame ; disparage ; detract ; depreciate ; decry ; slander 

TRA-DuCJSD' (tra-dusf), pp. Misrepresented ; calumniated. 
PREY ;— MARiN^bIrdT^MOVE, BOOK 



TJIA 



1041 



TftA 



TRA-DuCE'MENT, n. Misrepresentation; ill-founded cen- 
sure ;_ defamation; calumny. — Shak. [Little used.'] 

TRA-Du'CENT, a. Slandering; slanderous.— Entick. 

TRA-DuC'ER, n. One who traduces ; a slanderer ; a ca- 
lumniator. 

TRA-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be orally derived. [Rare.] 

TRA-DuC'ING, ppr. Slandering ; defaming ; calumniating. 

TRA-DuC'ING-LY, adv. Slanderously ; by way of defama- 
tion. 

tTRA-DUCT, v. t. [L. traduco, traductum.] To derive.— 
Fothcrby. 

TRA-DUC'TION, n. [L. traductio.] 1. Derivation from one 
of the same kind : propagation. 2. Tradition ; transmis- 
sion from one to another ; [rare.] 3. Conveyance ; trans- 
portation ; act of transferring. 4. Transition. 

TRA-DUCT'lVE, a. Derivable ; that may be deduced. 

TRAF'FIC, n. [Fr. trafic ; It. traffico.] 1. Commerce, either 
by barter or by buying and selling. 2. Commodities for 
market. — Syn. Trade ; exchange ; barter ; dealing ; truck ; 
merchandise ; intercourse. 

TRAF'FIC, v. i. [Fr. trafiquer ; It. trafficare ; Sp. trqficar.] 

1. To trade ; to pass goods and commodities from one 
person to another for an equivalent in goods or money ; 
to barter ; to buy and sell wares ; to carry on commerce. 

2. To trade meanly or mercenarily. — Shak. 
TRAF'FIC, v. t. To exchange in traffic. 
>TRAF'FIC-A-BLE, a. Marketable.— Sp. Hall. 
TRAF'FI€K£D (-fikt), pp. Exchanged in traffic. 
TRAF'FI€K-ER n. One who carries on commerce ; a 

trader ; a merchant. — Is., viii. — Shak. 

TRAF'FIGK-ING, ppr. Trading; bartering; buying and 
selling goods, wares, and commodities. 

TRAF'FIC-LESS, a. Destitute of trade. 

TRAG'A-CANTH, n. [L. tragacanthum ; Gr. rpayatcavda.] 
A plant of the genus astragalus ; goat's-thorn. 2. A land 
of gum obtained from the astragalus tragacantha and 

. other species of astragalus, of a whitish yellow color, and 
forming with water a pasty mass of an adhesive nature. — 
Brande. 

TRA-GE'DI-AN, n. [L. tragcedus.] 1. A writer of tragedy. 
— 2. More generally, an actor oi tragedy. 

TRAG'E-DY, n. [Fr. trzgedie ; It., Sp. tragedia.] 1. A dra- 
matic poem representing some signal action performed 
by illustrious persons, and generally having a fatal issue. 
2. A fatal and mournful event ; any event in which hu- 
man lives are lost by human violence, more particularly 
by unauthorized violence. 

TRAg'IC, } a. [L. tragicus ; Fr. tragique ; It. tragico.] 

f RAG'I€-AL, 5 1. Pertaining to tragedy ; of the nature or 
character of tragedy. 2. Fatal to life ; mournful ; sor- 
rowful; calamitous. 3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, 
the loss of life, or of sorrow. 

TRAG'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a tragical manner; with fatal 
issue ; mournfully ; sorrowfully. 

7TRAg'IC-AL-NESS, n. Fatality ; mournfulness ; sadness. 

TRAG-I-COM'E-DY, n. [Fr. tragi-comedie ; tragedy and com- 
edy.] A kind of dramatic piece representing some action 
passed among eminent persons, the event of which is not 
unhappy, in which serious and comic scenes are blended. 

TRAG-i-COM'IC, ? a. Pertaining to tragi-comedy ; par- 

TRAG-i-COM'IC-AL, 5 tailing of a mixture of grave and 
comic scenes. 

TRAG-I-COM'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a tragi-comical manner. 

TRaIL (trale), v. t. [Sp. traillar ; W. trail] 1. To hunt by 
the track. 2. To draw along the ground. 3. To lower, as 
arms. — 4. In America, to tread down grass by walking 
through ; to lay flat. 

1 RIIL, v. i. To be drawn out in length. — Spenser. 

TRIIL, n. 1. Track followed by the hunter ; scent left on 
the ground by the animal pursued. 2. Any thing drawn 
to length. 3. Any thing drawn behind in long undula- 
tions ; a train. 4. The entrails of a fowl ; [applied some- 
times to those of sheep.] 

TRAILED, pp. or a. Hunted by the tracks ; laid flat ; 
drawn along on the ground ; brought to a lower position. 

TRAILING, ppr. or a. Hunting by the track ; drawing on 
the ground ; treading down ; laying flat ; bringing lower. 

TRAIN (trane), v. t. [Fr. trainer ; It. trainare, iranare.] 1. 
To draw along. 2. To draw ; to entice ; to allure. 3. 
To draw by artifice or stratagem. 4. To draw from act 
to act by persuasion or promise. 5. To exercise ; to dis- 
cipline ; to teach and form by practice. 6. To break, 
tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen. 7. To prepare for 
athletic exercises by a particular course of food and exer- 
cise. — 8. In gardening, to lead or direct and form to a 
wall or espalier ; to form to a proper shape by growth, 
lopping, or pruning. — 9. In mining, to trace a lode or any 
mineral appearance to its head. — To train, or train up, to 
educate i to teach ; to form by instruction or practice ; to 
bring up.— To train a gun, is to point it at 6ome object 
either forward or else abaft the beam, i. e., not directly on 
the side. — Totten. 

TRIIN, n. 1. Artifice ; stratagem of enticement. 2. Some- 



thing drawn along behind, the end of a gown, &c. o. 
The after part of a gun carriage.— Toticn. 4. The tail of a 
bird. 5. A retinue ; a number of followers or attendants. 
6. A series ; a consecution or succession of connected 
things. 7. Process ; regular method ; course. 8. A com- 
pany in order ; a procession. 9. The number of beats 
which a watch makes in any certain time. 10. A line of 
gunpowder, laid to lead fire to a charge, or to a quantity 
intended for execution. 11. A continuous line of cars on 
a rail-road.— Train of artillery, any number of cannon, 
mortars, &c, with the attendants and carriages which fol- 
low them into the field.— Campbell's Mil. Diet. 

TRaIN'-BAND, n. [tram and band.] A band or company 
of militia.— Train-bands, in the plural, militia. 

TRaIN'-BEaR-ER, n. One who holds up a train. 

TRaIN'-OIL, n. [train and oil] The oil procured from the 
blubber or fat of whales by boiling. — Cyc. 

TRaIN'-RoAD, n. [train and road.] In mines, a slight rail 
way for small wagons. — Cyc. 

TRaIN'-TACK-LE, n. A tackle hooked to the train of a 
gun, to hold it to its place. — Totten. 

TRaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be trained. [Little used.] 

TRAINED, pp. or a. Drawn ; educated ; formed by in- 
struction. 

TRaIN'ER, n. 1. One who trains up ; an instructor. — Ash. 

2. One who prepares men for athletic exercises, or horses 
for the race. 

TRIIN'ING, ppr. Drawing ; alluring ; educating ; teaching 
and forming by practice. 

TRIIN'ING, n. 1. The act or process of drawing or edu- 
cating ; education. 2. The act of preparing men for ath- 
letic exercises, or horses for the race. 3. The chsciplining 
of troops. — 4. In gardening, the operation or art of form- 
ing young trees to a wall or espalier, or of causing them 
to grow in a shape suitable for that end. 

t TRaIN'Y, a. Belonging to train-oil.— Gay. 

TRaIPSE (trapse), v. i. To walk sluttishly or carelessly. 
— Pope. [A low word.] 

* TRaIT, n. [Fr. trait ; L. tractus.] 1. A stroke , a touch 
2._ A line ; a feature. 

TRaI'TOR, n. [Fr. traitre ; Arm. treitre, treytor ; Sp. traidor . 
L. traditor.] 1. One who violates his allegiance and be- 
trays his country ; one guilty of treason ; one who, in 
breach of trust, delivers his country to its enemy, or any 
fort or place intrusted to his defense. 2. One who be 
trays his trust 

t TRII'TOR-LY, a. Treacherous. 

TRaI'TOR-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of treason; treacherous, 
treasonable ; perfidious ; faithless. 2. Consisting in trea- 
son ; partaking of treason ; implying breach of allegiance. 

TRaI'TOR-OUS-LY, adv. In violation of allegiance and 
trust ; treacherously ; perfidiously. 

TRaITOR-OUS-NESS, n. Treachery ; the quality of being, 
treasonable. — Scott. 

TRII'TRESS, n. A female who betrays her country or her 
trust. — Dryden. 

TRA-JECP, v. t. [L. trajectus.] To throw or cast through. 

TRAJ'ECT, n. A ferry ; a passage, or place for passing 
water with boats. — Shak. 

TRA-JECT'ING, ppr. Casting through. 

TRA-JEC'TION (-shun), n. 1. The act of casting or dart- 
ing through. 2. Transportation. 3. Emission. 

TRA-JECT'O-RY, n. The curve which a body describes in. 
space, as a planet or comet in its orbit, or a stone thrown 
upward obliquely in the air. — Brande. 

TRA-LITION, n. A change in the use of a word, or the 
use of a word in a less proper, but more significant sense. 

TRAL-A-TI"TIOUS (tral-a-tish'us), a. [L. translatus, trans- 
feror Metaphorical ; not literal. 

TRAL-A-Tl"TIOUS-LY (-tish'us-), adv. Metaphorically. 

t TRA-LIN'E-aTE, v. t. [L. trans and linea.] To deviate- 
from any direction. — Dryden. 

TRA-Lu'CENT, a. [L. tralucens.] Transparent ; clear. 

TRAM, n. A name given to coal wagons in some parts of 
England, especially at Newcastle. 

TRAM'-WaY, )n. A road laid with narrow tracks of 

TRAM'-RoAD, 5 stone, wood, or iron, for trams, or wag- 
ons. The iron tram -rail has a flange on the side, to pre- 
vent wagons from running off the track, thus differing 
from the edge-rai\ of our common rail-roads.— Brande. 

TRAM'MEL, n. [Fr. tramail] 1. A kind of long net for 
catching birds or fishes. 2. A kind of shackles~used for 
regulating the motions of a horse, and making him amble 

3. An iron hook, of various forms and sizes, used for hang- 
ing kettles and other vessels over the fire. — 4. In mechan- 
ics, a joiner's instrument for drawing ovals on boards. 

TRAM'MEL, v. t. [Sp. trabar.] 1. To catch ; to intercept 

2. To confine ; to hamper ; to shackle. 
TRAM'MEL-ED, pp. 1. Caught; confined; shackled.— 2. 

In the manege, a horse is said to be trammeled when he 

has blazes or white marks on the fore and hind foot of 

one side. 
TRAM'MEL-ING, ppr. Catching; confining; shackling. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VfCIOUS.— € as K ;- 6 as J , S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsokU. 
TJ u u 



TRA 



1042 



TRA 



TRA-MON'TANE, n. One living beyond the mountain ; a 

stranger. 
TRA-MON'TANE, a. [It. tramontana; L. trans and mons.] 
Literally, lying or being beyond the mountain ; foreign ; 
barbarous. The Italians sometimes use this term for ul- 
tramontane, and apply it to the countries north of the Alps, 
as France and Germany, and particularly to their ecclesi- 
astics, jurists, painters, &c. ; and a north wind is called a 
tramontane wind. — Brande.—Cyc. See Ultramontane. 
TRAMP, v. t. [Sw. trampa.] To tread. 
TRAMP, v. i. To travel ; to wander or stroll. 
TRAMP'ER, n. A stroller ; a vagrant or vagabond. 
TRAM'PLE (tram'pl), v. t. [G. trampeln, trampen ; Dan. tram- 
per; Sw. trampa,'] 1. To tread under foot; especially, to 
tread upon with pride, contempt, triumph, or scorn. 2. 
To tread down ; to prostrate by treading. 3. To treat 
with pride, contempt, and insult. 
TRAM'PLE, v. i. 1. To tread in contempt. 2. To tread 

with force and rapidity. — Dryden. 
TRAM'PLE, n. The act of treading under foot with con- 
tempt. 
TRAM'PLJSD, pp. Trod on ; trodden under foot. 
TRAM'PLER, n. One who tramples; one who treads 

down. 
TRAM'PLING, ppr. Treading under foot ; prostrating by 

treading ; treading with contempt and insult. 
TRAMPOOSE', v. t. [See Trample.] To walk with labor, 

or heavily. 
TRAM-POOS'ING, ppr. Traveling heavily. ' 
t TRA-NI'TION, n. [L. trano.] The act of passing over by 

swimming. 
7 RaNCE (trans), n. [Fr. transe.] 1. An ecstasy ; a state in 
which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into 
celestial regions, or to be rapt into visions. — 2. In medicine, 
catalepsy, i. e., total suspension of mental power and vol- 
untary motion, pulsation and breathing continuing, and 
the muscles being flexible. — In ecstasy, the muscles are 
rigid, and the body erect and inflexible. 
TRANCE, v. t. To entrance.— Bp. Hall. 
TRANCED (transt), a. Lying in a trance or ecstasy. 
TRAN'GRAM, n. An odd thing intricately contrived. 
TRAN'NEL, used by Moxon, is a mistake for tree-nail, pro- 
nounced by ship-builders trunnel. 
TRAN'QUIL (trank'wil), a. [Fr. tranquille ; L. tranquillus.] 

Quiet ; calm ; undisturbed ; peaceful ; not agitated. 
TRAN-QUIL-I-ZI'TION, n. The act of tranquilizing, or 

state of being tranquilized. — Newman. 
TRAN'QUILiZE (trank'wil-), v. t. To allay when agitated ; 
to make calm and peaceful. — Syn. To quiet ; compose ; 
still ; soothe ; appease ; calm ; pacify. 
TRAN'QUIL-lZED, pp. Quieted; calmed; composed. 
TRAN'QUIL-lZ-ER, n. A kind of chair, in which a raving 

maniac may be so fixed as to be motionless. 
TRAN'QUIL-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Quieting ; composing. 
TRAN'QUIL-lZ-ING-LY, adv. So as to tranquilize. 
TRAN-QUIL'LI-TY (tran-kwil'i-te), n. [L. tranquillitas.] A 
calm state; freedom from disturbance or agitation. — 
Syn. Quiet ; quietness ; peace ; calm ; repose ; stillness. 
TRAN'QUIL-LY (trank'wil-), adv. Quietly ; peacefully. 
TRAN'QUIL-NESS, n. Quietness ; peacefulness. 
TRANS, a Latin preposition, used in English as a prefix, 
signifies over, beyond, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps. 
Hence, in a moral sense, it denotes a complete change ; 
as, to transform ; also, from one to another ; as, to transfer ; 
to transpose. 
TRANS-ACT', v. t. [L. transactus.] To do ; to perform ; to 

manage. 
TRANS-ACT, v. i. To conduct matters ; to treat ; to man- 
age. — South. 
TRANS- ACTED, .pp. Done; performed; managed. 
TRANS- ACTING, ppr. Managing; performing. 
TRANS-ACTION, n. 1. The doing or performing of any 
business ; management of any aifair. 2. That which is 
done ; an affair.— 3. In the civil law, an adjustment of a 
dispute between parties by mutual agreement. 
TRANS-ACTOR, n. One who performs or conducts any 

business. — Derham. 
TRANS-AL'PlNE, a. [L. trans, and Alpine.] Lying or be- 
ing beyond the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the 
north or west of the Alps ; opposed to Cisalpine. 
TRANS-AN'I-MITE, v. t. [L. trans, and animate.] To ani- 
mate by the conveyance of a soul to another body. 
TRANS-AN'I-MI-TED, pp. Animated by the conveyance 

of the soul from one body to another. 
TRANS-AN-1-Ma'TION, n. [L. trans and anima.] Con- 
veyance of the soul from one body to another ; transmi- 
gration. 
TRANS-AT-LANTIC, a. { L. trans, and Atlantic] Lying or 

being beyond the Atlantic. 
TRANS-CEND', v. t. [L. transcendo.] 1. To rise above ; to 
surmount. 2. To pass over ; to go beyond. 3. To sur- 
pass ; to outgo ; to excel ; to exceed ; to outdo. 
1 TRANS-CEND', v. i. To climb.— Brown. 



TRANS-CEND'ED, pp. Overpassed; surpassed. 
TRANS-CEND'ENCE, \n. 1. Superior excellence ; super 
TRANS-CEND'EN-CY, 5 eminence. 2. Elevation abo*» 

truth ; exaggeration. 
TRANS-CEND'ENT, a. [L. transcendens.] 1. Very excel- 
lent ; superior or supreme in excellence , surpassing oth- 
ers. — 2. In the Kantian philosophy, transcending or going 
beyond the bounds of human knowledge ; [applied to base- 
less or illusory knowledge.] — Murdoch. 
TRANS-CEND-ENT'AL, a. 1. Supereminent ; surpassing 
others. — 2. In the Kantian philosophy, pertaining to that 
which can be determined a priori in regard to the funda- 
mental principles of all human knowledge. What is trans- 
cendental, therefore, transcends empiricism.; but it does 
not transcend all human knowledge, or become trans- 
cendent. Murdoch. — Transcendental quantity, in algebra, a 
quantity which can not be represented by an algebraic 
expression of a finite number of terms. — Transcendentai 
equation, an equation into which a transcendental quanti- 
ty enters. — Transcendental curve, a curve defined by a 
transcendental equation. — Brande. 
TRANS-CEND-ENT'AL-ISM, n. In the Kantian philoso- 
phy, the transcending or going beyond empiricism, and 
ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human 
knowledge. But, as Schelling and Hegel claimed to have 
discovered the absolute identity of the objective and sub- 
jective in human knowledge, or of things and human con- 
ceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between trans 
cendent and transcendental ideas can have no place in their 
philosophy. And hence, with them, transcendentalism 
claims to have a true knowledge of all things material and 
immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capa- 
ble of knowing them. And in this sense the word trans 
cendentalism is now most used. — Murdoch. The word is 
also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive 
in philosophy. 
TRANS-CEND-ENTAL-IST, n. One who believes in trans- 
cendentalism. 
TRANS-CEND-ENTAL-LY, adv. In a transcendental man- 
ner. 
TRANS-CEND'ENT-LY, adv. Very excellently ; superenv 

inently ; by way of eminence. — South. 
TRANS-CEND'ENT-NESS, n. Superior or unusual excel- 
lence. 
TRANS-CEND'ING, ppr. Rising above ; surpassing. 
TRANS'CO-LaTE, v. t. [L. trans and colo.] To strain ; to 

cause to pass through a sieve or colander. 
TRANS'CO-La-TING, ppr. Straining through a sieve. 
TRAN-SCRlBE', v. t. [L. transcribo] To copy ; to write 
over again or in the same words ; to write a copy of any 
thing. 
TRAN-SCRiBED' (tran-skribd'), pp. Copied. 
TRAN-SCRlB'ER, n. A copier ; one who writes from » 

copy. — Addison. 
TRAN-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Writing from a copy ; writing a 

copy. 
TRAN'SCRIPT, n. [L. transcriptum.] 1. A copy ; a writ 
ing made from and according to an original. 2. A copy 
of any kind. — Glanville. 
TRAN-SCRIP'TION (-shun), n. [Fr.] The act of copying. 
TRAN-S€RIPTlVE-LY, adv. In manner of a copy. 

Brown. 
TRANS-CUR', v. i. [L. transcurro.] To run or rove to an. 

fro. — Bacon. [Little used.] 
TRANS-CUR'RENCE, n. A roving hither and thither. 
TRANS-CUR'SIQN (-shun), n. A rambling or ramble ; a 

passage beyond certain limits ; extraordinary deviation. 
TRANS-DUC'TION, n. [L. trans and duco.] The act of 

conveying over. — Entick. 
TRXNSE, n. Ecstasy. See Trance. 

TRANS-EL-E-MENT-a'TION, n. [L. trans, and element.] 
The change of the elements of one body into those of an- 
other ; transubstantiation. — Burnet. 
TRAN'SEPT, 7i. [L. trans and septum.] The transverse 
portion of a cruciform church, being one of the arms 
projecting each way on the side of the stem of the cross 
— Gwilt. 
TRAN-SEX'ION, n. Change of sex. [Not used.] 
TRANS-FER', v. t. [L. transfero.] 1. To convey from one 
place or person to another ; to transport or remove to an- 
other place or person. 2. To make over ; to pass ; to 
convey, as a right, from one person to another. — Syn. To 
sell ; give ; alienate ; estrange ; sequester. 
TRANS'FER, n. 1. The removal or conveyance of a thins 
from one place or person to another. 2. The convey- 
ance of right, title, or property, either real or personal, 
from one person to another, either by sale, by gift, or ot v 
erwise. 
TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be transferred oi 
conveyed from one place or person to another. 2. Ne 
gotiable, as a note. 
TRANS-FERRED' (trans-ferd'), pp. Conveyed from one tr 
another. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, <fcc, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOQK. 



TflA 



1043 



TEA 



TRANSFER-REE', n. The person to whom a transfer is 
made. — Hamilton. 

TRANS-FER'RENCE, n. Act of transferring. 

TRANS-FER'RER, n. One who makes a transfer or con- 
veyance. 

TRANS-FER'RING, ppr. Removing from one place or per- 
son to another : conveying to another, as a right. 

TRANS-FIG-U-RI'TION, n. [Ft.] 1. A change of form j 
particularly, the supernatural change in the personal ap- 
pearance of our Savior on the mount. (See Matt., xvii.) 
2. A feast held by the Roman Catholic Church, on the 6th 

. of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change 
atnve mentioned. 

JTRANS-FIG'URE (-figyur), v. t. [L. trans and figura ; Ft. 
transfigurer.] To transform ; to change the outward form. 

ntANS-FIG'UR-ED, pp. Changed in form. 

TRANS-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Transforming ; changing the ex- 
ternal form. 

TRANS-FIX', v. t. [L. transfixus, transjigo.] To pierce 
through, as with a pointed weapon. — Dryden. 

TRANS-FIX.ED' (trans-fixtr), pp. Pierced through. 

TRANS-FIX'ING, ppr. Piercing through. 

TRANS'FO-RaTE, v. t. [L. transforo.] To bore through. 

TRANSTO-Ra-TED, pp. Pierced ; perforated. 

TRANS'FO-Ra-TING, ppr. Boring through. 

TRANS-FORM', v. t. [Ft. transformer.] 1. To change the 
form of; to change the shape or appearance ; to metamorph- 
ose. 2. To change one substance into another ; to trans- 
mute. — 3. In theology, to change the natural disposition and 
temper. Rom., xii. — 4. In the Roman Catholic Church, to 
change the elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and 
blood of Christ. — 5. Among the mystics, to change the con- 
templative soul into a divine substance, by which it is lost 
or swallowed up in the divine nature. — 6. In algebra, to 
change an equation into another of a different form, with- 
out destroying the equality of its members ; to change 
into another form without altering the value. 

TRANS-FORM', v. i. To be changed in form ; to be meta- 
morphosed. — Addison. 

TRANS-FORM-a'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of 
changing the form or external appearance. 2. Metamorph- 
osis ; change of form in insects. 3. Transmutation ; 
the change of one metal into another. 4. The change of 
the soul into a divine substance, as among the mystics. 
5. Transubstantiation. — 6. In theology, a change of heart 
in man, by which his disposition and temper are conform- 
ed to the divine image. — 7. In algebra, the change of an 
equation into one of a different form, without destroying 
the equality of its members ; a change into another form 
without altering the value. — A. D. Stanley. 

TRANS-FORM'A-TiVE, a. Having power or a tendency to 
transform. — Davies. 

TRANS-FORMED' (trans-formd'), pp. Changed in form or 
external appearance ; metamorphosed ; transmuted. 

TRANS-FORM'ING, ppr. 1. Changing the form or external 
appearance ; metamorphosing ; transmuting ; renewing. 
2. a. Effecting or able to effect a change of form or state. 

) TRANS-FREIGHT' (trans-frate'), v. i. To pass over the sea. 

TRANS-FRE-TaTION, n. [L. trans and /return.] The pass- 
ing over a strait or narrow sea. — Davies. [Rare.] 

i TRANS-FUND', v. t. [L. transfundo.] To transfuse.— Bar- 
row. 

TRANS-FUND'ED, pp. Transfused. 
TRANS-FUND'ING, ppr. Transfusing.— Barrow. 

TRANS-FuSE', v. t. [L. transfusus.] 1. To pour, as liquor, 

out of one vessel into another. 2. To transfer, as blood, 

from one animal to another. 3. To cause to pass from 

one to another ; to cause to be instilled or imbibed. 

TRANS-FuSED' (trans-fuzd'), pp. Poured from one vessel 

into another. 
TRANS-FCS'I-BLE, a. That may be transfused, &c. 
TRANS-FuS'ING, ppr. Pouring out of one vessel into an- 
other ; transferring. 
TRANS-FU'SION (trans-fu'zhun), n. 1. The act of pouring, 
as liquor, out of one vessel into another. 2. The act of 
transferring the blood of one animal into the vascular sys- 
tem of another. 
TRANS-GRESS', v. t. [Ft. transgresser ; L. transgressus.] 
1. To pass over or beyond any limit ; to surpass. — 2. In a 
moral sense, to overpass any rule prescribed as the limit 
of duty ; to break or violate a law, civil or moral. 
TRANS-GRESS', v. i. To offend by violating a law ; to sin. 

—1 Chron., ii. 
rRANS-GRESSffly (trans-grestf), pp. Overpassed; vio- 
lated. 
TRANS-GRESS'ING, ppr. Passing beyond; surpassing; 

violating; sinning. 
TRANS-GRES'SION (trans-gresh'un), n. [Ft.] 1. The act 
of passing over or beyond any law or rule of moral duty ; 
i he violation of a law or known principle of rectitude ; 
breach of command. 2. A wrong or injurious action. — 
Syn. Fault ; offense ; crime ; infringement ; misdemean- 
or ; misdeed ; affront 



TRANS-GRES'SION-AL (-gresh'un-al), a. That violates » 
law or rule of duty. 

TRANS-GRESS'iVE, a. Faulty ; culpable ; apt to tranfl- 
gress. — Brown. 

TRANS-GRESS'i'VE-LY, adv. By transgressing. 

TRANS-GRESS'OR, n. One who breaks a law or violates 
a command ; one who violates any known rule or princi- 
ple of rectitude ; a sinner. 

TRAN-SHIP', v. t. [L. trans, and ship.] To convey from one 
ship to another. [A commercial word.] 

TRAN-SHIP'MENT, n. The act of transferring, as goods, 
from one ship to another. 

TRAN-SHIPP£D' (tran-shiptO, pp. Carried from one ship 
to another. 

TRAN-SHIP'PING,^pr. Carrying from one ship to another. 

TRAN'SIENT (tran'shent), a. [L. transims.) 1. Passing ; 
not stationary ; hence, of short duration ; not permanent ; 
not lasting or durable ; transitory ; temporary ; fleeting. 
2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect. — Transient person, one 
passing through a place without having a residence there- 
in. [Am.] — Transient effect, in painting, is a representa- 
tion of appearances in nature produced by causes which 
are not stationary, as the shadows cast by a passing cloud 
The term " accidents" has often the same signification.— 
Jocelyn. 

TRAN'SIENT-LY (tran'shent-le), adv. In passage; for a 
short time ; not with continuance. — Dryden. 

TRAN'SIENT-NESS (-shent-), n. Shortness of continuance ; 
speedy passage. 

TRAN-SIL'I-ENCE, \n. [L.transiliens.] A leap from thing 

TRAN-SIL'I-EN-CY, 5 to thing.— Glanville. 

TRANSIT, n. [L. transitus.] 1. A passing: a passing over 
or through, as of goods ; conveyance — 2. In astronomy, 
the passing of an inferior planet across the sun's disk. — 
Brande. 3. The culmination or passage of a heavenly 
body over the meridian of a place. — Brande. 

TRANSIT, v. t. To pass over the disk of a heavenly body. 

TRANS'IT-Du-TY, n. A duty paid on goods that pass 
through a country. 

TRANSIT-ED, pp. Passed over the disk of a heavenly 
body. 

TRAN-SI'TION (tran-sizh'un), n. [L. transitio.] 1. Passage 
from one place or state to another ; change. — 2. In rhetoric, 
a passing from one subject to another.— 3. In music, a 
change of key from major to minor, or the contrary.— 
Transition rocks, in geology, a name formerly applied to 
the lowest uncrystalhne stratified rocks, supposed to con- 
tain no fossils, and so called because thought to have been 
formed when the world was passing from an uninhabit- 
able to a habitable state. — Dana. 

TRAN-Sl"TION-AL (tran-sizh'un-al), a. Pertaining to tran- 
sition. — Ch. Spec. 

TRANS'I-TlVE, a. 1. Having tiie power of passing.— 2. In 
grammar, a transitive verb is one which is or may be fol- 
lowed by an object. 

TRANS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. In a transitive manner 

TRANS'I-TIVE-NESS, n. State of being transitive. 

TRANS'I-TO-RI-LY, adv. With short continuance. 

TRANS'I-TO-RI-NESS, n. A passing with short continu- 
ance ; speedy departure or evanescence. 

TRANS'I-TO-RY, a. [L. transitorius.] 1. Passing without 
continuance ; continuing a short time ; fleeting ; speedily 
vanishing. — 2. In law, a transitory action is one which may 
be brought in any county, as actions for debt, detinue, 
slander, and the like ; opposed to local action. — Bouvier. 

TRANS-LIT'A-BLE, a. [from translate.] Capable of being 
translate_d or rendered into another language. 

TRANS-LaTE', v. t. [L. translatus.] 1. To bear, carry, or 
remove from one place to another. 2. To remove or 
convey to heaven, as a human being, without death. 3. 
To transfer ; to convey from one to another. — 2 Sam., iii. 
4. To cause to remove from one part of the body to an- 
other, as a disease. 5. To change. 6. To interpret; to 
render into another language ; to express the sense of one 
language in the words of another. 7. To explain. 

TRANS-LaTED, pp. Conveyed from one place to another ; 
removed to heaven without dying ; rendered into another 
language. , 

TRANS-LaTING, ppr. Conveying or removing from one 
place to another ; interpreting in another language. 

TRANS-La'TION, n. [Ft. ; L. translatio.] 1. The act of re- 
moving or conveying from one place to another ; removal 
2. The removal of a bishop from one see to another. 3 
The removal of a person to heaven without subjecting 
him to death. 4. The act of turning into another Ian 
guage ; interpretation. 5. That which is produced by 
turning into another language ; a version. 

TRANS-LA-Ti'TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Transposed ; trans 
ported. 

TRANS-La'TiVE, a. Taken from others. 
TRANS-La'TOR, n. One who renders into another lac 
guage ; one who expresses the sense of words in one Iw 
guage by equivalent words in another. 



DAVE j—BULL, UNITE ;— ANGER. VICIOUS — € as X ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolm* 



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1044 



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TRANSli A-TO-RY, a. Transferring ; serving to translate. 

TRANS-La'TRESS, n. A female translator. 

TRANS-LO-€a'TION, n. [L. trans and locatio, loco.} Re- 
moval of things reciprocally to each other's places ; or, 
rather, substitution of one thing for another. 

TRANS-Lu'CEN-CY, \n. [L. translucens.] 1. The property 

TRANS-Lu'CENCE, 3 of transmitting rays of light, with- 
out permitting objects to be seen. 2. Transparency. 

TRANS-Lu'CENT, a. 1. Transmitting rays of light, with- 
out permitting objects to be seen. 2. Transparent ; clear. 

TRANS-Lu'CENT-LY, adv. In a translucent maimer. 

TRANS-Lu'CID, a. [L. translucidus.} Transparent; clear. 

TRANS-MA-RiNE' (-ma-reen'), a. [L. transmarinus.] Ly- 
ing or being beyond the sea. — Howell. 

\ TRANS-MEW (-mu), v. t. [Fr. transmuer ; L. transmute'] 
To transmute ; to transform ; to metamorphose. 

TRANS'MI-GRANT, a. Migrating ; passing into another 
country or state for residence, or into another form or 
body. 

TRANS'MI-GRANT, n. 1. One who migrates, or leaves his 
own country and passes into another for settlement. 2. 
One who passes into another state or body. 

TRANS'MI-GRaTE, v. i. [L. transmigro.} 1. To migrate ; 
to pass from one country or jurisdiction to another, for 
the purpose of residing in it, as men or families. 2. To 
pass from one body into another. 

TRANS'MI-GRI-TING, ppr. Passing from one country, 
state, or body into another. 

TRANS-MI-GRITION, n. 1. The passing of men from one 
country to another, for the purpose of residence, particu- 
larly of a whole people. 2. The passing of a thing into 
another state, as of one substance into another. 3. The 
passing of the soul into another body, according to the 
opinion of Pythagoras. 

TRANS'MI-GRa-TOR, n. One who transmigrates.— Ellis. 

TRANS-Ml'GRA-TO-RY, a. Passing from one place, body, 
or state to another. — Faber. 

TRANS-MIS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [from transmissible.] The qual- 
ity of being transmissible. 

TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. 1. That may be transmitted or 
passed from one to another. 2. That may be transmitted 
through a transparent body. 

TRANS-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. transmissio.] 1. 
The act of sending from one place or person to another. 
2. The passing of a substance through any body, as of light 
through glass. 

TRANS-MIS'SIV £, a. Transmitted ; derived from one to 
another. — Prior. 

TRANS-MIT, v. t. [L. transmitto.] 1. To send from one 
person or place to another. 2. To suffer to pass through. 

TRANS-MITTAL, n. Transmission.— Swift. 

TRANS-MITTED, pp. or a. Sent from one person or place 
to another ; caused or suffered to pass through. 

TRANS-M1TTER, n. One who transmits. 

TRANS-MITTI-BLE, a. That may be transmitted. 

TRANS-MITTING, ppr. Sending from one person or place 
to another ; suffering to pass through. 

TRANS-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of change into 
another nature or substance. 

TRANS-Mu'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being changed into a 
different substance, or into something of a different form 
or nature. 

TRANS-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. With capacity of being changed 
into another substance or nature. 

TRANS-MU-TI'TION, n. [L. transmutatio.} 1. The change 
of any thing into another substance, or into something of 
a different nature ; as, the transmutation of the baser met- 
als into gold, was a principal object in alchemy. — 2. In ge- 
ometry, the change or reduction of one figure or body into 
another of the same area or solidity, but of a different 
form, as of a triangle into a square. 3. The change of 
colors, as in the case of a decoction of the nephritic wood. 
— 4. In the vegetable economy, the change of a plant into 
another form. 

TRANS-MU-TI'TION-IST, n. One who believes in the 
transmutation of metals. — Lyell. 

TRANS-MoTE', v. t. [L. transmuto.} To change from one 
nature or substance into another. 

TRANS-MOTED, pp. Changed into another substance or 
nature. 

TRANS-MuTER, n. One who transmutes. 

TRANS-MuTTNG, ppr. Changing or transforming into an- 
other nature or substance. 

TRAN'SoM, n. [L. transenna.] 1. A beam or timber ex- 
tended across the stern-post of a ship, to strengthen the 
aft-part and give it due form. — 2. In architecture, a hori- 
zontal mullion or cross-bar in a window ; or a lintel over 
a door ; the vane of a cross-staff. 

TRANS'PA-DANE, a. [L. tra?is, and Padus, the River Po.] 
Being beyond the River Po.- -Stephens. 

TRANS-PIR'EN-C Y. n. 1. That state or property of a body 
by which it suffers rays of light to pass through it, so that 
objects can be distinctly seen through it ; diaphaneity. 



2. A picture prepared on very thin cloth, and with genu 
transparent materials, to be exhibited by light passing 
through it from behind. 

TRANS-PaR'ENT, a. [Fr. ; L. trans and pareo.] 1. Having 
the property of transmitting rays of light, so that bodies 
can be distinctly seen through ; pervious to light ; opposed 
to opaque. 2. Admitting the passage of light ; open ; 
porous. — Syn . Pellucid ; clear ; bright ; limpid ; lucid , 
diaphanous. 

TRANS-PaR'ENT-LY, adv. Clearly; so as to be seeo 
through. 

TRANS-PIR'ENT-NESS, n. The quality of being trana 
parent; transparency. 

t TRANS-PASS', v. t. [L. trans, and pass.] To pass over. 

t TRANS-PASS', v. i. To pass by or away.— Daniel. 

TRAN-SPIC'U-OUS, a. [L. trans and specio.] Transparent , 
pervious to the sight. — Milton. 

t TRANS-PIERCE' (trans-pers 7 ), v. t. [See * Pierce. Fr. 
transpercer.] To pierce through ; to penetrate ; to per- 
meate ; to pass through. 

TRANS-PIERCED' (trans-perstf), pp. Pierced through , 
penetrated. 

TRANS-PIERCING (trans-pers'ing), ppr. Penetrating; 
passing through. 

TRANS-PlR'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; from transpire.] Capable of 
being emitted through pores. 

TRANS-PI-Ri'TION, n. [Fr.] The act or process of pass- 
ing off through the excretories of the skin ; cutaneous ex- 
halation. 

TRANS-PlRE', v. t. [Fr. transpirer ; L. transpiro.] To emit 
through the excretories of the skin ; to send off in vapor. 

TRANS-PlRE', v. i. 1. To be emitted through the excreto- 
ries of the skin ; to exhale ; to pass off in insensible per- 
spiration. 2. To escape from secrecy ; to become public. 

3. To happen or come to pass. 

TRANS-PIR.ED', pp. 1. Emitted through the excretories 
of the skin ; exhaled. 2. Escaped from secrecy. 

TRANS-PlR'ING, ppr. Exhaling ; passing off in insensible 
perspiration ; becoming public. 

TRANS-PLACE', v. t. [L. trans, and place.] To remove ; 
to put in a new place. — Wilkins. [Little used.] 

TRANS-PLANT, v. t. [Fr. transplanter.] 1. To remove and 
plant in another place. 2. To remove and settle or estab- 
lish for residence in another place. 3. To remove. 

TRANS-PLANT- A'TION, n. 1. The act of transplanting ; 
the removal of a plant or of a settled inhabitant to a dif- 
ferent place for growth or residence. 2. Removal ; con- 
veyance from one to another. 

TRANS-PLANT'ED, pp. or a. Removed and planted or 
settled in another place. 

TRANS-PLANTER, n. 1. One who transplants. 2. A ma- 
chine for transplanting trees. 

TRANS-PLANTING, ppr. Removing and planting, or set- 
tling in another place. 

TRAN-SPLEND'EN-CY, n. [L. trans and splendens.] Su- 
pereminent splendor. — More. 

TRAN-SPLEND'ENT, a. Resplendent in the highest de- 
gree. 

TRAN-SPLEND'ENT-LY, adv. With eminent splendor. 

TRANS-PoRT, v. t. [L. transporto.] 1. To carry or con 
vey from one place to another. 2. To carry into banish- 
ment, as a criminal. 3 To hurry or carry away by vio- 
lence of passion. 4. To ravish with pleasure ; to beai 
away the soul in ecstasy. 5. To remove from one place 
to another, as a ship. 

TRANS'PoRT, n. 1. Transportation ; carriage ; convey- 
ance. 2. A ship or vessel employed for transporting; 
particularly, for transporting the munitions of war, or 
troops, and also convicts. 3. Rapture ; ecstasy. 4. A 
convict transported or sentenced to exile. 

TRANS-P5RTA-BLE, a. That may be transported. 

t TRANS-PoRT'ANCE, n. Conveyance.— Shah. 

TRANS-PoR-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of carrying or con- 
veying from one place to another, either on beasts or in 
vehicles, by land or water, or in air. 2. Banishment for 
felony. 3. Transmission ; conveyance. 4. Transport ; 
ecstasy ; [rare.] 5. Removal from one country to another 

TRANS-P5RTED, pp. Carried ; conveyed ; removed ; 
ravished with delight. 

TRANS-PoRT'ED-LY, adv. In a state of rapture. 

TRANS-PoRTED-NESS, n. A state of rapture.— Bp. Hall. 

TRANS-PoRTER, n. One who transports or removes. 

TRANS-PoRT'ING, ppr. 1. Conveying or carrying from 
one place to another ; removing ; banishing for a crime. 
2. a. Ravishing with delight ; bearing away the soul in 
pleasure ; ecstatic. 

TRANS-PoRT'ING-LY, adv. Ravishingly. 

TRANS-PoRT'MENT, n. Transportation.— Hall. [Rare.] 

TRANS-PoS'AL, n. The act of changing the places of 
things, and putting each in the place which was before 
occupied by 'the other. 

TRANS-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. transpose.} 1. To change the place 
or order of things by putting each in the place of tha 



v See Synopsis. A, E I, &c, long.—lL, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BJRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



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1045 



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other. 2. To put out of place. — 3. In algebra, to bring 
any term of an equation from one side over to the other, 
without destroying the equation. — 4. In grammar, to 
change the natural order of words. — 5. In music, to change 
the key. 

TRANS-P5SED' (trans-pozd'), pp. Being changed in place, 
and one put in the place ot the other. 

TRANS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Changing the place of things, and 
putting each in the place of the other. 2. Bringing any 
term of an equation from one side over to the other. 3. 
Changing the natural order of words. 

TRANS-PO-Sf"TION (-po-zish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. transposition 
1. A changing of the places of things, and putting each in 
the place before occupied by the other. 2. The" state of 
being reciprocally changed in place. — 3. In algebra, the 
bringing of any term of an equation from one side over 
to the other, without destroying the equation. — 4. In gram- 
mar, a change of the natural • order of words in a sen- 
tence. — 5. In music, a change in the composition, either 
in the transcript or the performance, by which the whole 
is removed into another key. — Busby. 

TRANS-PO-Sl"TION-AL (-po-zish'un-al), a. Pertaining to 
transposition. — Pegge. 

TRANS-POS'I-TlVE, a. Made by transposing ; consisting 
in transposition. 

TRANS-SHIPE', v. t. [trails and shape.] To change into 
another form. 

TRANS-SHIP^ D' (-shapt), pp. Transformed. 

TRANS-SHIPTNG, ppr. Transforming. 

TRANS-SHIP', v. t. See Tranship. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN'TIITE.. v. t. [Fr. transubstantier.] To 
change to another substance. 

TRAN-SUB-STANTIX-TED, pp. Changed to another sub- 
stance. 

TRAN-SUB-STANTII-TING, ppr. Changing to another 

TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-A'TION (-stan-she-a'shun), n. Change 
of substance. — In the Roman Catholic theology, the sup- 
posed conversion of the bread and wine in the eucharist 
into the body and blood of Christ. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN'TII-TOR, n. One who maintains the 
Romar Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation. — Barrow. 

TRAN-SU-Da'TION, n. The act or process of passing off 
through the pores of a substance. 

TRAN-Su'DA-TO-RY, a. Passing by transudation. 

TRAN-SuDE', v. i. [L. trans and sudo.] To pass through 
the pores or interstices of texture, as perspirable matter. 

TRAN-SuD'ING, ppr. Passing through the pores of a sub- 
stance,_as sweat or other fluid. 

TRAN-SuME', v. t. [L. transumo.] To take from one to 
another. [Little used.] 

f TRAN-SUMPT (-sumf), n. A copy or exemplification of 
a record. 

TRAN-SUMP'TION (-sum'shun), n. The act of taking from 
one place to another. — South. [Little used.] 

TRAN-SUMPT'iVE, a. Taking from one to another. 

TRANS-VECTION, n. [L. transvectio.] The act of con- 
veying or carrying over. 

TRANS-VERS'AL, a. [Fr. ; L. trans and versus.] Running 
or lying across ; as, a transversal line. — Hale. 

TRANS-VERS'AL, n. In geometry, a straight or curved line 
which traverses or intersects any system of other lines, 
as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle. — Brande. 

TRANS- VERS'AL-LY, adv. In a direction cross-wise. 

TRANS- VERSE' (trans-vers'), a. [L. transversus.] 1. Lying 
or being across or in a cross direction. — 2. In botany, a 
transverse partition, in a pericarp, is at right angles with 
the valves, as in a silique. 

TRANS'VERSE, n. The longer axis of an ellipse. 

TRANS- VERSE' (trans-vers'), v. t. To overturn. [Rare.] 

TRANS-VERSED' (-verstf), pp. Overturned. 

TRANS- VERSE'LY, adv. In a cross direction.— Stilling fleet. 

TRANS-VERSING, ppr. Overturning. 

TRAN'TER, n. A carrier. [Various dialects in England.] 

TRAP, n. [Sax. trapp, trepp ; Fr. trape ; It. trapola.] 1. An 
engine that shuts suddenly or with a spring, used for tak- 
ing game. 2. An engine for catching men. 3. An am- 
bush; a stratagem; any device by which men or other 
animals may be caught unawares. 4. A play in which a 
ball is thrown up into the air by striking the end of a bal- 
anced stick on which it rests, and is then struck with a 
bat. — Strutt. 

TRAP, n. [Sw. trappa, a stair, because the rocks of this 
class often occur in large tabular masses, rising one above 
another, like steps.] A heavy, igneous rock, of a greenish 
black, brownish black, or grayish color, consisting of an 
intimate mixture of feldspar and hornblende ; also called 
green-stone. Basalt is composed of feldspar and augite. — 
Dana, 

TRAP, v. t. 1. To catch in a trap ; as, to trap foxes or bea- 
ver. 2. To insnare ; to take by stratagem. 3. To adorn ; 
to dress with ornaments ; [little used.] 

TRAP, v. i. To set traps for game. 



TRAP-D50R, n. [trap and door.] A door in a floor, which 

shuts close, like a valve. — Ray. 
TRAP-STICK, n. A stick used by boys at the game of 

trap ; hence, a slender leg. — Addison. 
TRAP'-Tu-FA, ) n. A kind of sandstone made up of frag- 
TRAP'-TUFF, ) ments and earthy materials from trap- 
rocks. — Dana. 
TRA-PAN', v. t. [Sax. treppan.] To insnare ; to catch by 

stratagem. — So uth. 
TRA-PAN', n. A snare ; a stratagem. 
TRA-PAN'NER, n. One who insnares. 
TRAP ANTING, ppr. Insnaring. 
TRaPE, v. i. To traipse ; to walk carelessly and skittishly. 

[Not much used.] 
TRIPES, n. A slattern ; an idle, sluttish woman. 
TRA-Pe'ZI-AN, a. In crystallography, having the lateral 
planes composed of trapeziums situated in two ranges, 
between two bases. 
TRA-Pe'ZI-FORM, a. Having the form of a trapezium. 
TRA-Pe'ZI-UM, n. ; pi. Trapezia or Trapeziums. [L.] 1. 
In geometry, a plane figure contained under four right 
lines, of which both the opposite pairs are not parallel. 
Hatton. — 2. In anatomy, a bone of the carpus. 
TRAP-E-ZO-He'DRON, n. [Gr. rpa-t^iov and kSpa.] A solid 

bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapeziums. 
TRAP'E-ZOID, n. [Gr. rpa-n^iov and aSos.] A plane, four- 
sided figure, having two of the opposite sides parallel to 
each other. 
TRAP-E-ZOID'AL, a. 1. Having the form of a trapezoid. 
2. Having the surface composed of twenty-four trapezi- 
ums, all equal and similar. 
TRAP'PE-AN, a. Pertaining to or denoting trap or trap- 
rock. 
TRAP'PER, n. One whose occupation it is to entrap wild 

animals. [United States.] 
TRAP'PING, ppr. Setting traps for wild animals. [Used, 

also, as a noun.] 
TRAPTINGS, n. pi. [from trap.] 1. Ornaments of horse 
furniture. 2. Ornaments ; dress ; external and superficial 
decorations. 
TRAP'PIST, n. One of a very strict religious order found- 
ed in 1140, in the valley of La Trappe, and still existing 
in Normandy. 
TRAP'POUS, a. Pertaining to trap ; resembling trap, or 

partaking of its form or qualities. — Kirwan. 
TRAPS, n. pi. Goods, furniture, &c.—Halliwell, 
TRASH, n. 1. Any waste or worthless matter. 2. Lop- 
pings of trees ; bruised canes, &c. 3. Fruit or other mat- 
ter improper for food, but eaten by children, &c. 4. A 
worthless person ; [not proper.] 5. A piece of leather or 
other thing fastened to a dog's neck, to retard his speed. 
TRASH, v. t. 1. To lop ; to crop.— Warburton. 2. To strip 
of leaves. 3. To crush ; to humble. 4. To clog ; to en- 
cumber ; to hinder. 
TRASH, v. i. To follow with violence and trampling. 
TRASHED (trasht), pp. Lopped ; stripped of leaves. 
TRASHY, a. Waste ; rejected ; worthless ; useless. 
TRASS, n. A volcanic earth or sand rock, resembling poz- 
zuolana, used as a cement ; or a coarse sort of plaster or 
mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and 
other reservoirs of water. — Cyc. 
TRAU'LISM, n. A stammering. 

TRAU-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. rpavpa.] 1. Pertaining to or applied 
to wounds. — Coze. 2. Vulnerary ; adapted to the cure of 
wounds. 
TRAU-MATTC, n. A medicine useful in the cure of wounds. 
TRAVAIL (trav'il), v. i. [Fr. travailler.] 1. To labor with 
pain ; to toil. 2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth ; to be 
in parturition. — Gen., xxxv. 
t TRAVAIL, v. t. To harass ; to tvce.—Hayward. 
TRAVAIL, n. 1. Labor with pain ; 6evere toil ; [obs.] 2. 

Parturition ; as, a severe travail. 
TRAVAILED (travlld), pp. Harassed ; labored in child- 
birth. 
TRAVAIL-ING, ppr. or a. Laboring with toil ; being in par 

turition. — 7s., xlii. 
TRIVE, I n. [Sp. traba; Fr. entraves.] 1. A wooden frame 
TRAVIS, ) to confine a horse while the smith is setting 

his shoes. 2. Beam ; a lay of joists ; a traverse. 
TRAVEL, v. i. [a different orthography and application ot 
travail.] 1. To walk ; to go or march on foot. 2. To jour- 
ney ; to ride to a distant place in the same country. 3. To 
go'to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or king- 
doms, either by sea or land. 4. To pass ; to go ; to move 
5. To labor ; [see Travail.] 6. To move, walk, or pass, as 
a beast, a horse, ox, or camel. 
TRAVEL, v. t. 1. To pass ; to journey over. 2. To force 

to journey ; [obs.] 
TRAVEL, n. 1. A passing on foot ; a walking. 2. Journey ; 
tour ; a passing or riding from place to place. — 3. Travel, 
or travels, a journeying to a distant country or countries. 
4. The distance which a man rides in the performance of 
his official duties ; or the fee paid for passing that distance. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; & as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



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1046 



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[O. States.] — 5. Travels in the plural, an account of occur- 
rences and observations made during a journey. 6. La- 
bor ; toil ; parturition ; see Travail. 

1 TRA VEL-TaINT-ED, a. [travel and tainted.] Harassed ; 
fatigued with travel. — Shak. 

TRAVELED, pp. 1. Gained or made by travel.— Quart. 
Rev.; [unusual.] 2. a. Having made journeys.— Wotton. 

TRAVEL-ER, n. 1. One who travels in any way. — Job, 
xxxi. 2. One who visits foreign countries. — 3. In ships, 
an iron ring made to travel on a rope or boom. — Totlen. 

TRAVEL-ER'S JOY, n. The clematis vitalba, a climbing 
plant with white flowers. — Loudon. 

TRAV'EL-ING, ppr. 1. Walking ; going ; making a jour- 
ney. — Matt., xxv. 2. a. Pertaining to or connected with 
travel ; as, a traveling companion, expenses, fees, &c. 

TRAV'EL-ING, n. A passing from place to place ; the act 
of performing a journey. — Ash. 

\ TRAV'ERS, adv. [Fr. See Traverse.] Across ; athwart. 
— Shak. 

TRAV'ERS-A-BLE, a. [See Traverse, in law.] That may 
be traversed or denied. 

* TRAVERSE, adv. [Fr. a travers.] Athwart ; cross-wise. 

* TRAVERSE, prep. Through cross-wise. [Little used.] 
TRAVERSE, a. [Fr. traverse ; L. transversus.] Lying across; 

being in a direction across something else. 

TRAVERSE, n. 1. Any thing laid or built across. 2. Some- 
thing that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs ; a cross accident. 
— 3. In fortification, a trench with a little parapet for pro- 
tecting men on the flank ; also, a wall raised across a work. 
— 4. In architecture, a gallery or loft of communication in a 
church or other large building. Gwilt. — 5. In navigation, 
traverse-sailing is the mode of computing the place of a ship 
by reducing several short courses, made by sudden shifts 
or turns, to one longer course. — 6. In law, a denial of what 
the opposite party has advanced in any stage of the plead- 
ings. 7. A turning ; a trick. 

TRAVERSE, v. t. 1. To cross ; to lay in a cross direction. 

2. To cross by way of opposition ; to thwart ; to obstruct. 

3. To wander over ; to cross in traveling. 4. To pass over 
and view ; to survey carefully. 5. To turn and point in 
any direction. 6. To plane in a direction across the grain 
of the wood. — 7. In law pleadings, to deny what the oppo- 
site party has alleged. 

TRAVERSE, v. i. In fencing, to use the posture or motions 
of opposition or counteraction. 2. To turn, as on a pivot ; 
to move round ; to swivel. — 3. In the manege, to cut the 
tread cross-wise, as a horse that throws his croup to one 
side and his head to the other. 

TRAVERSE-BoARD, n. [traverse and board.] In a ship, a 
small board to be hung in the steerage, and bored full of 
holes upon lines, showing the points of compass upon it. 

TRAV'ERSE-SIIL'ING, n. See Traverse, n., No. 5. 

TRAVERSE-Ta/BLE, n. In navigation, a table of differ- 
ence of latitude and departure. 

TRAVERS-ER, n. A term in law, for one who traverses or 
opposes a plea. 

TR AVERS-ING, ppr. Crossing ; passing over ; thwarting ; 
turning; denying. 

TRAVER-TIN, n. A white concretionary limestone, usual- 
ly hard and semi-crystalline, deposited from the water of 
springs holding lime in solution. — Lyell. 

TRA VES-TLED (trav'es-tid), pp. Disguised by dress ; turn- 
ed into ridicule. 

TRAVES-TY, a. Having an unusual dress; disguised by 
dress so as to be ridiculous ; translated into burlesque. 

TRAVES-TY, n. A parody ; a burlesque translation of a 
work. 

TRAVES-TY, v. t. [Fr. travestir; It. travestire.] To translate 
into such language as to render ridiculous or ludicrous. 

TRAVES-TY-ING, ppr. Turning into ridicule. 

TRAWL'ER, n. A fishing vessel which trails or drags a net 
behind it. [Eng.] 

TRaY, n. [Sw. trag; Sax. trog; Dan. trug.] A small trough 
or wooden vessel, used for domestic purposes. 

TRIY'-TRIP, n. A kind of iplay.-Shak. 

t TREACHER, ) 

t TReACH'ET-OUR, }n. [Fr. tricheur.] A traitor. —Spenser. 

tTRF.ACHOUR, ) 

TReACH'ER-OUS (trech'er-us), a. Violating allegiance or 
faith pledged, either to the state or sovereign, or in private 
life ; traitorous to the state or sovereign ; betraying a trust. 
— Syn. Faithless ; perfidious ; false ; insidious ; plotting. 

TReACH'ER-OUS-LY (trech'er-us-le), adv. By violating al- 
legiance or faith pledged ; by betraying a trust ; faithless- 
ly ; perfidiously. 

TReACH'ER-OUS-NESS (trech'er-us-nes), n. Breach of al- 
legiance or of faith ; faithlessness ; perfidiousness. 

TReACH'ER-Y (trech'er-e), n. [Fr. tricherie.] Violation of 
allegiance or of faith and confidence. 

TRe A'CLE (treTil), n. [Fr. theriaque ; It. teriaca ; Sp. triaca ; 
L. theriaca.] 1. A viscid, uncrystallizable sirup which 
drains from the sugar refiner's molds, sometimes called 
sugar-house molasses. The term, however, is often applied 



to common molasses, which is properly the draiuings of 
crude sugar. 2. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the in- 
spissated juices or decoctions of certain vegetables, as the 
sap of the birch, sycamore, &c. 3. A medicinal compound 
of various ingredients , see Theriac. 

TReA'CLE-MITS'TARD, n. An annual plant of the genua 
thlaspi, with an acrid biting taste, approaching that of mus- 
tard. Its seeds were used in the Venice treacle. 

TReA'CLE-WA'TER, n. A compound cordial, containing 
a mixture of the Venice treacle or theriac. 

TREAD (tred), v. i. ; pret. trod ; pp. trod, trodden. [Sax. tree- 
dan, tredan ; Goth, trudan ; D. treeden.] 1. To set the foot. 
2. To walk or go. 3. To walk with form or state. 4. To 
copulate, as fowls. — To tread or tread on, to trample ; to 
set the foot on in contempt. 

TRE AD (tred), v. t. 1. To step or walk on. 2. To press un- 
der the feet. 3. To beat or press with the feet. 4. To walk 
in a formal or stately manner. 5. To crush under the foot ; 
to trample in contempt or hatred, or to subdue. — Ps. xliv., 
lx. 6. To .compress, as a fowl. 

TRfiAD (tred), n. 1. A step or stepping ; pressure with the 
foot. 2. Way ; track ; path ; [rare.] 3. The act of copu- 
lation in birds. 4. Manner of stepping. — 5. In architecture, 
the horizontal part of a step on which the foot is placed. — 
Brande. 

TRSAD'-MILL (tred-), n. A mill worked by persons tread 
ing on steps upon the periphery of a wide horizontal 
wheel. It is used chiefly as a means of prison discipline. 

TReAD'ER (tred'er), n. One who treads.— Is., xvi. 

TREADING (tred'ing), ppr. Stepping; pressing with the 
foot ; walking on. 

TREADING (tred'ing), n. Act of pressing with the foot. 

TREAD'LE I (tred'dl), n. 1. The part of a loom or other 

TRED'DLE ) machine which is moved by the tread or 
foot. 2. The albuminous cords which unite the yelk of 
theegg to the white. 

ITReAGUE (treeg), n. [Goth, triggwa ; It. tregua; Ice. 
trigd.] A truce. — Spenser. 

TReA'SON (tre'zn), n. [Fr. trahison.] Treason is the high 
est crime of a civil nature of which a man can be guilty. 
In general, it is the offense of attempting to overthrow the 
government of the state to which the offender owes allegi- 
ance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign 
power. — Treason, in Great Britain, is of two kinds, high 
treason and petit treason. High treason is a crime that im- 
mediately affects the king or state. Petit treason involves a 
breach of fidelity, but affects individuals. — Treason against 
the United States consists in levying war against them, or 
inadhering to their enemies, giving them aid or comfort. 

TReA'SON-A-BLE (tre'zn-a-bl), a. Pertaining to treason; 
consisting of treason ; involving the crime of treason, or 
partaking of its guilt.— Syn. Treacherous ; traitorous ; 
perfidious; insidious. 

TReA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of being treasonable. 

TReA'SON-A-BLY, adv. In a treasonable manner. 

t TREA'SON-OUS, for treasonable. 

TRE AS'URE (trezh'ur), n. [Fr. tresor ; Sp., It. tesauro.] 1. 
Wealth accumulated ; particularly, a stock or store of 
money in reserve. 2. A great quantity of any thing col- 
lected for future use. 3. Something very much valued. - 
Ps. exxxv. 4. Great abundance. 

TRE AS'URE (trezh'ur), v. t. To hoard ; to collect and re- 
posit, either money or other things, for future use ; to 
lay up. 

TRe AStJRE-CIT-Y (trezh'ur-sit-e), n. A city for stores and 
magazines. — Ex., i. 

TREAS'URE-HOUSE (trezh'ur-house), n. A house or build- 
ing where treasures and stores are kept. — Taylor. 

TReAS'URE-TRoVE (trezh'ur-trove), n. [treasure, and Fr. 
trouve.] Any money, bullion, and' the like, found in the 
earth, the owner of which is not known. — Eng. Law. 

TReAS'UR^D (trezh'urd), pp. Hoarded ; laid up for fu- 
ture use. 

TReAS'UR-ER (trezh'u.-.er), n. One who has the care of a 
treasure or treasury ; an officer who receives the public 
money arising from taxes and duties or other sources of 
revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon 
orders drawn by the proper authority. Corporations and 
societies have likewise their treasurers. 

TReAS'{JR-ER-SHIP (trezh'ur-er-ship), n. The office of 
treasurer. 

TReAS'UR-ESS (trezh'ur-es), n. A female who has charge 
of a treasure. — Dering. 

TRE AS'HR-ING, ppr. Hoarding ; laying up for future usu 

TRE AS'UR-Y (trezh'ur-e), n. 1. A place or building in which 
stores of wealth are reposited ; particularly, a place where 
the public revenues are deposited and kept. 2. A building 
appropriated for keeping public money.— John, viiL 3. 
The officer or officers of the treasury department. 4. A 
repository of abundance. — Ps. exxxv. 

TREAT (treet), v. t. [Fr. traiter ; It. trattare ; Sp. tratar ; L. 
tracto; Sax. trahtian.] 1. To handle; to manage; to use. 
2. To discourse on. 3. To handle in a particular manner, 



* See Synopsis, a, E. I. &c, long.—l, E, i, &c. short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



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In writing or speaking. 4. To give food or drink, espe- I 
daily the latter, as a compliment or expression of regard ; 
as, to treat the whole company. 5. To negotiate ; to set- 
tle ; [obs.] 6. To manage in the application of remedies. 
7. To subject to the action of; as, to treat a substance with 
sulphuric acid. — Ure. 

TREAT, v. i. 1. To discourse; to handle in writing or 
speaking; to make discussions. 2. To come to terms of 
accommodation. 3. To give food or drink, especially the 
latter, as a compliment or expression of regard. 

TREAT, n. 1. An entertainment given as an expression of 
regard. 2. Something given for entertainment. — 3. Em- 
phatically, a rich entertainment 

f TRe ATA-BLE, a. Moderate ; not violent— Temple. 

\ TREAT ABLY, adv. Moderately.— Hooker. 

TREATED, pp. Handled ; managed ; used ; discoursed on ; 
entertained. 

TReAT'ER, n. One who treats ; one who handles or dis- 
courses on ; one who entertains. 

TREATING, ppr. Handling; managing; using; discours- 
ing on ; entertaining. 

TREATISE (treefis), n. [L. tractatus.} A tract; a written 
composition on a particular subject, in which the princi- 
ples of it are discussed or explained. 
TReATIS-ER n. One who writes a treatise. — Featley. 

TREATMENT, n. [Fr. traitement.] 1. Management; manip- 
ulation ; manner of mixing or combining, of decompos- 
ing, and the like. 2. Usage ; manner of using ; good or bad 
behavior toward. 3. Manner of applying remedies to cure ; 
mode or course pursued to check and destroy. 4. Manner 
of applying remedies to. 

TREATY, n. [Fr. traite ; It. trattato.] 1. Negotiation; act 
of treating for the adjustment of differences, or for form- 
ing an agreement. 2. A formal agreement, league, or con- 
tract between two or more nations or sovereigns. 3. En- 
treaty. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

TReATT-MaK-ING, a. Authorized to make or form treat- 
ies. The treaty-making power is lodged in the executive 
government. 

* TREB'LE (tribl), a. [Fr. triple ; L. triplex.] 1. Three-fold ; 

triple. — 2. In music, acute ; sharp. 3. That plays or sings 
the highest part or most acute sounds ; that plays or sings 
the treble. 

* TREB'LE (tribl), n. The highest of the four principal 
parts in music ; the part usually sung by females. 

* TREB'LE (tribl), v. t. [L. triplico ; Fr. tripler.] To make 

thrice as much ; to make three-fold. 

* TREB'LE (triM), v. i. To become three-fold. 

* TREB'LE-NESS (tribl-nes), n. The state of being treble. 

* TREB'LY (trible), adv. In a three-fold number or quan- 
tity. 

TRE'BU€K-ET, In. 1. A cucking-stool ; a tumbreL 2. A 
TREB'U-cHET, ] kind of trap. 

TRE€K'-ScHUYT, n. [D., track-boat] A covered bo at for 
goods and passengers on the Dutch and Flemish canals. — 



TREE, n. [Sax. treo, treow ; Dan. tree ; Sw. trd.] 1. A plant 
whose stem or stock is woody, branched, and perennial, 
and above a certain size. When a plant of the above de- 
scription is more than 8 or 10 feet high, and not climbing, 
it is generally called a tree ; when less than this, a shrub ; 
but there are many exceptions to this rule on both sides. 
2. Something resembling a tree, consisting of a stem, or 
stalk, and branches.— 3. In ship-building, pieces of timber 
are called chess-trees, cross-trees, roof-trees, tressel-trees, &c. 
— 4. In Scripture, a cross. — Ads, x. 5. Wood. — Wicliffe ; 
[obs.] 

TREE, v. t. To drive to a tree ; to cause to ascend a tree. 

TREE'-FROG, n. [tree and frog.] 1 A batrachian reptile, dif- 

TREE'-ToAD, n. [tree and toad.] > fering from proper frogs 
in having the extremities of their toes expanded into a 
rounded, viscous pallet, that enables them to adhere to the 
surface of bodies, and to climb trees, where they remain all 
summer, bring upon insects. There are numerous species. 

TREE'-GER-MAN'DER, n. A plant of the germander kind. 

TREE'-LOUSE, n. An insect of the genus aphis. 

TREE'-MOSS, 72, A species of lichen.— Cyc. 

TREE'-NIIL, n. [tree and nail ; commonly pronounced 
trunnel.] A long wooden pin, used in fastening the planks 
of a ship to the timbers. 

TREE'-OF-LlFE', n. An evergreen tree of the genus thuja. 

TREE'-ToAD, n. [tree and toad.] See Tree-frog. 

TREE'LESS, a. Destitute of trees.— Byron. 

\ TREEN, a. Wooden ; made of wood. — Camden. 

f TREEN, n. The old plural of tree.— Ben Jonson. 

TReTOIL, n. [Ex. trifle; L. trifolium.] 1. The common 
name for many species of trifolium, a genus of plants in- 
cluding white clover, red clover,. &c. ; also, a plant of the 
medic and lucem kind, called nonesuch, cultivated for fod- 
der. — 2. In architecture, an ornament of three cusps in a 
circle, resembling three-leaved clover. — Brande. 
TReIL'LAgE (trellaj), n. [Fr.] In gardening, a sort of rail- 
work, consisting of light posts and rails. 



TREL'LIS, n. [Fr. treillis.) A structure or frame of cross- 
barred work, or lattice "work, used for various purposes, 
as for screens, for supporting plants, &c. 
TREL'LiS£D (trellist), a. Having a trellis or trellises. 

TRE-MAN'DO. [It.] Trembling; applied, in music, to a 

general shaking of the whole chord.— Brande. 
TREM'BLE (trem'bl), v. i. [Fr. trembler ; L. trcmo.] 1. To 
shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness ; to 
quake ; to quiver ; to shiver ; to shudder. 2. To shake ; 
to quiver ; to totter. 3. To quaver ; to shake, as sound. 

TREM'BLE-MENT, n, In Frendi music, a trill or shake. 

TREM'BLER n. One who trembles. 

TREM'BLING, ppr. Shaking, as with fear, cold, or weak 
ness ; quaking ; shivering. 

TREM'BLING, n. The act or state of shaking involuntarily. 
— Syn. Tremor; trepidation; shivering; agitation. 

TREM'BLING-POFLAR r,. The aspen-tree, a species of 
poplar. 

TREM'BLING-LY, adv. So as to shake ; with shivering or 
quaking. — Shak. 

TRE-MEL'LA, n. A fungus of a gelatinous consistence ; 
the name of a genus of fungi found in moist grounds. 

TRE-MEN'DOUS, a. [L. tremendus.] 1. Such as may excite 
fear or terror. 2. Violent ; such as may astonish by its 
force and violence. — Sin. Terrible ; dreadful ; frightful ; 
terrific ; horrible ; awful. 

TRE-MEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to terrify or aston- 
ish ; with great violence. 

TRE-MEN'DOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
tremendous, terrible, or violent. 

TREM'O-LlTE, n. A mineraj, so called from Trcmola, a 
valley in the Alps, where it was discovered. It is a white 
variety of hornblende, in long, blade-like crystals, and 
coarsely fibrous masses. — Dana. 

TRE'MOR, n. [L.] An involuntary trembling ; a shivering 
or shaking ; a quivering or vibratory motion. 

TREM'U-LOUS, a. [L. tremulus.] 1. Trembling; affected 
with fear or timidity. 2. Shaking ; shivering ; quivering. 

TREM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With quivering or trepidation. 

TREM'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of trembling. 

TREN, n. A fish spear. 

TRENCH, v. t. [Fr. trancher ; It. trinciare.] 1. To cut or 
dig, as a ditch, a channel for water, or a long hollow in the 
earth. 2. To fortify by cutting a ditch and" raising a ram- 
part or breast-work of earth thrown out of the ditch ; tc 
intrench ; [rare.] 3. To furrow ; to form with deep fur 
rows by plowing. 4. To cut a long gash ; [obs.] 

TRENCH, v. i. To encroach. See Intrench. 

TRENCH, n. 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth ; a ditch.— 
2. In fortification, a deep ditch cut for defense, or to inter- 
rupt the approach of an enemy. — To open the trenches, to 
begin to dig, or to form the lines of approach. 

TRENCH'-PLOW, ) n. A kind of plow for opening land 

TRENCH-PLOUGH, 5 to a greater depth than that oi 
common furrows. 

TRENCH'-PLOW, \v. t. [trench and plow.] To plow 

TRENCH-PLOUGH, i with deep furrows. 

TRENCH'-PLOW-ING, \ n. The practice or operation of 

TRENCH'-PLOUGH-ING, J plowing with deep furroWs. 
■—Cyc. 

TRENCHANT, a. [Fr. tr an chant.] Cutting; sharp. [Rare.] 

TRENCH£D (trencht), pp. Cut into long hollows or ditches. 

TRENCHER, «. [Fr. tranchoir.] 1. A wooden plate. 2. 
The table. 3. F_ood ; pleasures of the table. 

TRENCH'ER-FLY, n. [trencher and fly.] One who haunts 
the table of others ; a parasite. — L' Estrange. 

TRENCHER-FRIEND (-frend), n. [trencher and friend.] 
One who frequents the tables of others ; a sponger. 

TRENCHER-MAN, n. [trencher and man.] 1. A feeder; a 
great eater. — Shak. 2. A cook ; [obs.] 

TRENCHER-MITE, n. A table companion ; a parasite. 

TRENCHING, ppr. Cutting into trenches ; digging. 

TRENCHING, n. The preparation of soils bydigglng two 
or more spades deep, and exposing the soil. — Gardner. 

TREND, v. i. To run ; to stretch ; to tend ; to have a par- 
ticular direction. 

TREND, n. Inclination in a particular direction : as, the 
trend of the coast. 

TREND, v. t. In rural economy, to free wool from its filth. 
— Cyc. [Local.] 

TREND'ER, n. One whose business is to free wool from 
its filth.— Cyc. [Local.] 

TRENDTNG,£>pr. 1. Running ; tending. 2. Cleaning woOj, 
[local.] 

TRENDING, n. Inclination ; stretching; the operation of 
freeing wool from filth of various kinds.— Cyc. 

TR.ENT/LE, n. [Sax. trendel.] Any thing round used in 
turning or rolling ; a little wheel. 

TREN'TAL, n. [Fr. trente.] An office for the dead in the 
Roman Catholic service, consisting of thirty masses re- 
hearsed for thirty days successively. 

TRE-PAN', n. [Fr. trepan ; It. trapano.] In surgery, a circu- 
lar saw for perforating the skull. — Cyc. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € asK;GasJ;SasZ cH as SH : TH as in this, t Obsolete 



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1048 



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TitE-PAN', v. t. To perforate the skull, and take out a piece ; 
a surgical operation for relieving the brain from pressure 
or irritation.— "}yc. 
TRE-PAN, a stare, and TRE-PAN', to insnare, are from 

trap, and written trapan, which see. 
TRE-PANN.ED' (tre-pand'), pp. Having the skull perforated. 
TRE-PAN'NER, n. One who trepans!" 
TRE-PAN'NING, ppr. Perforating the skull with a trepan. 
TRE-PAN'NING, n. The operation of making an opening in 
the skull, for relieving the brain from compression or irri- 
tation.— Cyc. 
* TRE-PHlNE' or TRE-PHiNE',ra. An instrument for tre- 
panning. It is a sort of saw, smaller and more simple than 
the trepan, and more used. 
TRE-PHlNE',v. t. To perforate with a trephine ; to trepan. 

—P. Cyc. 
TRE-PHlN'.ED,£p. Trepanned. 
f TREP'ID 1 a. [L. trepidus.] Trembling ; quaking. 
TREP-1-Da'TION, n. [L. trepidatio.] 1. An involuntary 
trembling ; a quaking or quivering, particularly from fear 
or terror : hence, a state of terror. 2. A trembling of the 
limbs, as in paralytic affections. — 3. In the old astronomy, a 
libration of the eighth sphere, or a motion which the Ptol- 
emaic system ascribes to the firmament, to account for the 
changes and motion of the axis of the world. 4. Hurry ; 
confused haste.— Syn. Tremor ; agitation ; disturbance ; 
emotion; fear. 

TRESTASS, v. i. [Norm, trespasser.] 1. Literally, to pass 
beyond ; hence, primarily, to pass over the boundary line 
of another's land ; to enter unlawfully upon the land of 
another. 2. To commit any oifense, or to do any act, that 
injures or annoys another ; to violate any rule of rectitude 
to the injury of another. — 3. In a moral sense, to transgress 
voluntarily any divine law or command ; to violate any 
known rule of duty. 4. To intrude ; to go too far ; to put 
to inconvenience by demand or importunity. 

TRES'PASS, n. 1. In law, an unlawful act, committed with 
force and violence (vi et armis) on the person, property, or 
relative rights of another. — Blackstone. 2. Any injury done 
to another. 3. Any voluntary transgression of the moral 
law ; any violation of a known rule of duty ; sin. Col., ii. 
— Syn. Offense ; breach ; infringement ; transgression ; 
misdemeanor; misdeed. 

TRES'PASS-ER, n. 1. One who commits a trespass ; one 
who enters upon another's land or violates his rights. 2. 
A transgressor of the moral law ; an offender ; a sinner. 

TRES'PASS-ING, ppr. Entering another man's inclosure; 
injuring or annoying another ; violating a law. 

TRESS, n. [Fr., Dan. tresse ; Sw. tress.] A knot or curl of 
hair ; a ringlet. — Pope. 

TRESSED (trest), a. 1. Having tresses. 2. Curled ; form- 
ed into ringlets. — Spenser. 

TRES'S^L, n. See Trestle. 

TRESS'URE (tresh'ur), n. In heraldry, a kind of border.— 
Warton. 

TRESTLE (tresl), n. [Fr. treteau.] 1. The frame of a ta- 
ble. 2. A movable form for supporting any thing.— 3. In 
bridges, a frame consisting of two posts with a head or 
cross-beam and braces, on which rest the string-pieces. — 
Trestle trees, in mast-making, are two strong bars of timber 
fitted horizontally on the opposite sides of the ma3t-head 
to support the frame of the top.— Totten. 

TRET, n. [probably from L. tritus, tero.] In commerce, an 
allowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of 
four pounds on every 104 pounds of suttle weight, or 
weight after the tare is deducted.— M'Culloch. 

TRETH'INGS, n. pi. [W. treth, a tax ; trethu.] Taxes ; im- 
posts. — Johnson. 

TREV'ET, n. [three-feet, tripod ; Fr. trepied.] A stool or oth- 
er thing that is supported by three legs. 

TREY (tra), n. [L. tres ; Eng. three ; Fr. trois.] A three at 
cards ; a card of three spots. — Shak. 

TRI, a prefix in words of Greek and Latin origin, signifies 
three, from Gr. rptig. 

TRl'A-BLE, a. [from try.] 1. That may be tried ; that may 
be subjected to trial or test. — Boyle. 2. That may under- 
go a judicial examination ; that may properly come un- 
der the cognizance of a court. 

TRl'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being triable. 

TRl-A-€ON-TA-H£'DRAL, a. [Gr. rpiaKovra and Ifya.] 
Having thirty sides. — In mineralogy, bounded by thirty 
rhombs. 

TRl'A-€ON-TER, n. [Gr. TpiaKovrypris.] I n ancient Greece, 
ajessel of thirty oars. — Mitford. 

TRl'AD, n. [L. trias, from tres.] The union of three ; three 
united. — In music, the common chord, consisting of a note 
sounded along with its third and fifth, with or without the 
octave. — Callcott. — Ed. Encyc. 

TRl'AL, n. [from try.] 1. Any effort or exertion of strength 
for the purpose of ascertaining its effect, or what can be 
done. 2. Examination by a test, as in chemistry. 3. Act 
of examining by experience. 4. Experience ; suffering 
that puts strength, patience, or faith to the test ; afflictions 



or temptations that exercise and prove the graces or vlr 
tues of men. — 5. In law, the examination of a cause ir 
controversy between parties, before a proper tribunal. 6. 

Temptation ; test of virtue. 7. State of being tried. Syn 

Attempt ; endeavor ; effort ; experiment ; proof ; essay 
test. 

TRI-AL1-TY, n. [from three.] Three united ; state of being 
three. — Wharton. [Little used.] 

TRl-AN'DRI-A, n. [Gr. rpeiS and avnp.] A class of her 
maphrodite plants having three distinct and equal stamens 

TRl-AN'DRI-AN, ) a. Having three distinct and equal sta 

TRl-AN'DROUS, 5 mens in the same flower with a pistil 
or pistils. 

TRl'AN'GLE (tri'ang-gl), n. [Fr. ; L. triangulum.] 1. In 
geometry, a figure bounded by three lines, and containing 
three angles. 2. An instrument of percussion in music, 
made of a rod of polished steel, bent into the form of a 
triangle. — 3. In military punishments, three halberts stuck 
in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers are 
bound when flogged. 

TRl'AN"GL£D (-ang-gld), a. Having three angles. 

TRl-AN"GU-LAR, a. Having three angles. — In botany, a 
triangular stem has three prominent longitudinal angles. — 
Triangular numbers, the series of numbers formed by the 
successive sums of the terms of an arithmetical progres- 
sion, of which the common difference is 1. — Brande. 

TRl-AN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. After the form of a triangle. 

TRi-AN"GU-La'TION, n. The use of a series of triangles 
in a trigonometrical survey ; or the series of triangles thut, 
used. — A. D. Stanley. 

TRi'aR€H-Y, n. [Gr. rpaS and apxv-] Government by 
three persons. 

TRi-a'RI-AN, a. [L. triarii.] Occupying the third post. 

TRlAS, n. A name sometimes given to the upper new red 
sandstone. — Lyell. 

TRi-AS'SI€, a. Pertaining to or composed of trias. 

TRl'BAL, a. Belonging to a tribe. 

TRIBE, n. [W. trev ; Gael, treabh ; L. tribus.] 1. A family, 
race, or series of generations descending from the same 
progenitor and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve 
tribes of Israel. 2. A division, class, or distinct portion of 
people, from whatever cause that distinction may have 
originated. — 3. In zoology and botany, a division interme- 
diate between order and genus. 4. A division ; a number 
considered collectively. 5. A nation of savages ; a body 
of rude people united under one leader or government 
6. A number of persons of any character or profession , 
[in contempt.] 

TRIBE, v. t. To distribute into tribes or classes. [Bare.] 

TRIB'LET, \ n. A goldsmith's tool for making rings.—. 

TRIB'O-LET, 5 Ainsworth. 

TRI-BOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. rpiBu and jxtrpov.] An instru- 
ment to ascertain the degree of friction in rubbing surfa 
ces. — Brande. 

TRl'BRACH (-brak), n. [Gr. rpets and ffpaxvS-] In ancient 
prosody, a poetic foot of three short syllables, as melius. 

TRl-BRACTE-ATE, a. Having three bracts. 

TRIB-U-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. tribulo.] Severe affliction ; 
distresses of life ; vexations. 

TRl-BC'NAL, n. [L. tribunal.] 1. Properly, the seat of a 
judge ; the bench on which a judge and his associates sit 
for administering justice. — 2. More generally, a court oi 
justice. — 3. [Fr. tribunel.] In France, a gallery or emi- 
nence in a church or other place, in which the musical 
performers are placed for a concert. 

TRIB'tJ-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to tribunes. 

TRIB'UNE (trib'yune), n. [Fr. tribun ; L. tribunus ; Sp., It. 
tribuno.] 1. In ancient Rome, an officer or magistrate 
chosen by the people to protect them from the oppression 
of the patricians or nobles, and to defend their liberties 
against any attempts that might be made upon them by 
the senate and consuls. 2. A bench or elevated place, 
from which speeches were delivered. — 3. In France, a pul 
pit or elevated place in the Chamber of Deputies, where a 
speaker stands to address the assembly. 

TRIB'uSaTE IP ' } n - The office of a tribune -— Addison. 

TRIB-U-NI"CIAN (-nish'an), \a. 1. Pertaining to tribune* 

TRIB-U-NI"TIAL (-nish'al), 5 2. Suiting a tribune. 

TRIB'U-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a tributary manner. 

TRIB'U-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being tributary. 

TRIB'tJ-TA-RY, a. 1. Paying tribute to another. 2. Sub- 
ject ; subordinate. 3. Paid in tribute. 4. Yielding su^ 
plies of any thing. 

TRIB'U-TA-RY, n. One who pays tribute or a stated sura 
for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an 
acknowledgment of submission. 

TRIB'BTE, n. [Fr. tribut ; L. tributum.] 1. An annual or 
stated sum of money or other valuable thing paid by one 
prince or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment 
of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or 
by virtue of some treaty. 2. A personal contribution. 3 
Something given or contributed. 



* -See Synopsis. a,E, I, &c, long.— I, e,'I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



TR1 



1049 TRI 



TRIBUTE, v. t. To pay as tribute. 

TRIBH-TED, pp. Paid as tribute. 

TRIBtT-TING, ppr. Paying as tribute. 

TRl-€AP'SU-L AR, a. [L. ires and capsula.] In botany, three- 
capsuled ; having three capsules to each flower. 

TRICE, v. t. [W. treisiaw.] In seamen's language, to haul 
up by means of a small rope. — Mar. Diet. 

TOI CE, n. A very short time ; an instant ; a moment. 

TRl-CEN'NI-AL, a. [L. tricennium.] Denoting thirty years, 
or what pertains to that number. 

PRl-CHOT'O-MOUS (-kofo-mus), a. Divided into three 
parts, or divided by threes. — Martyn. 

TRl-SHOTO-MY (-koto-me), n. [Gr. -pixa and re//vw.] Di- 
vision into three parts.— Watts. 

TRl'CHRO-ISM, n. [Gr. rpzis and xpoua.] The quality of 
presenting different colors in three different directions. — 
Dana. 

CRICK, n. [D. trek ; G. trug, betrug ; Dan. trekke ; Fr. trich- 
er.] 1. An artifice for the purpose of deception ; a fraud- 
ful contrivance for an evil purpose, or an underhand 
scheme to impose upon the world. 2. A dextrous arti- 
fice. 3. Vicious practice. 4. The sly artifice or legerde- 
main of a juggler. 5. A parcel of cards falling to a win- 
ner at one turn. 6. An unexpected event ; [rare.] 7. A 
particular habit or manner; as, he has a trick of drum- 
ming with his fingers. — 8. Among seamen, the period spent 
by a sailor at the helm. Tolten.— Syn. Stratagem ; wile ; 
fraud ; cheat : juggle ; finesse ; sleight ; deception ; im- 
posture ; delusion ; imposition. 

FRI€K, v. t. To deceive ; to impose on ; to defraud. 

TRI€K, v. t. [W. treciaw.] To dress ; to decorate ; to set 
off; to adorn fantastically. — Pope. 

TRI€K, v. i. To live by deception and fraud.— Dryden. 

TRICK'-TRAGK, n. A game resembling back-gammon. 

TRICKED (trikt), #p. Cheated; deceived; dressed. 

TRICK'ER, ? „ , _ , , . , , 

TRICKSTER \ n ' tncks ; a deceiver ; a cheat. 

TRICK'ER, n. A trigger. See Thiggeb. 

TRI€K'ER-Y, n. The art of dressing up ; artifice ; strata- 
gem. — Burke. 

TRICKING, ppr. 1. Deceiving ; cheating ; defrauding. 2. 
Dressing ; decorating. 

TRICKING, n. Dress ; ornament.—- SJiak. 

TRICK1SH, a. Artful in making bargains ; given to decep- 
tion and cheating ; knavish. — Pope. 

TRICK'ISH-LY, adv. Artfully ; knavishly. 

TRICKISH-NESS, n. The state of being trickish or de- 
ceitful. 

TRICK'LE (trikl), v. i. [allied, perhaps, to Gr. r/>£%a>, to 
run, and a diminutive.] To flow in a small, gentle stream ; 
to run down. 

TRICK'LING, ppr. Flowing down in a small, gentle stream. 

TRICK/LING, n. The act of flowing in a small, gentle 
stream. — Wiseman. 

tTJRICKMENT, n. Decoration. 

TRICK'SY, a. [from trick.] Pretty ; brisk.— Sliak. [Rare.] 

TRIC'LI-NATE, a. [Gr. rpiS, threefold, and k\ivu, to incline.] 
In mineralogy, a term applied to crystals in which the 
three axes are all obliquely inclined to one another. 

PRl-CLIN'I-A-RY, a. [h.tricliniaris.] Pertaining to a couch 
for dining, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table. 

TRl-€LIN'I-UM, n. [L.] Among the Romans, a couch for 
reclining at meals, usually for three persons. Als'o, a 
dining room furnished with such couches or three sides. 
—Smith's Diet. 

TRl-COC'COUS, a. [L. tres and coccus.] A tricoccous or 
three-grained capsule is one which is swelling out in three 
protuberances, internally divided into three cells, with one 
seed in each, as in euphorbia. 

TRl'C6L-OR (-kul-lur), n. The national French banner of 
three colors, blue, white, and red, adopted at the first rev- 
olution. 

TRl'€6L-OR J BD, a. Having three colors ; a term applied 
to the present flag of France. 

TRl-CORTO-RAL, a.. [L. tricorpor.] Having three bodies. 

TRl-COR-NlG'ER-OUS, a. [L. tres and cornu.] Having 
three horns. 

TRl-CUSP'ID, a. Having three points ; as, the tricuspid 
valve, i. e., the valve of the right ventricle of the heart. — 
Brande. 

TRl-CUS PI-DATE, a. [L.tres and cuspis.] In botany, three- 
pointed ; ending in three points. 

TRl-DAC'TYL-OUS, a. [Gr. rpeis and <k/cruAoS.] Having 
three toes. 

TRlDE. a. Among hunters, short and ready; fleet. 

TRl'DENT, n. [Fr. ; L. tridens.] In mythology, a kind of 
sceptre or spear with three prongs, which the fables of an- 
tiquity put into the hands of Neptune, the deity of the ocean. 

TRPDENT-ED, } °" Havill g three teeth or P^ngs. 
TRl-DENTATE, a. [L. tres and dens.] Having three teeth. 

— Lee. 
TRl-DENT'iNE, a. [from L. Tridentum.] Pertaining to 



Trent, or the celebrated council held in that city. — Encyn* 
Amer. 

TRl-Dl-A-PI'SON, n. [tri and diapason.] In music, a triple 
octave or twenty-second. — Busby. 

TRITJING, n. See Trithing. 

TRi-DO-DEC-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. T pus, and dodecahedral.] 
In crystallography, presenting three ranges of faces, one 
above another, each containing twelve faces. 

TRIDtJ-AN, a. [L. triduum.] Lasting three days, or hap- 
pening every third day. [Little used.] 

TRl-EN'NI-AL, a. [Fr. triennal; L. triennis, triennium.] L 
Continuing three years, as a parliament. 2. Happening 
or coming every three years, as an election or session. 

TRl-ENNI-AL-LY, adv. Once in three years. 
TRTENS, n. [L.] A Roman coppw coin, equal to one 
third of the as. 

TRl'ER. 1. One who tries ; one who makes experiments ; 
one who examines any thing by a test or standard. 2. 
One who tries judicially ; a judge who tries a person or 
cause. 3. A name given to persons appointed according 
to law, to try whether a person challenged to the favor, is 
qualified to serve on a jury. — Bouvier. 4. A test; that 
which tries or approves. — Shak. 

TRl'ER-ARCH, n. [Gr. rpirjpriS and apxos.] In ancient 
Greece, the commander of a trireme ; particularly at Ath- 
ens, one who, at his own expense, equipped the vessel, 
kept it in repair, and procured the crew. — Smith's Did. 

TRl'ER-XRGH-Y, n. The office or duty of a trierarch.— 
Smith's Diet. 

TRl-E-TERlC-AL, a. [L. trietericus.] Triennial ; kept ot 
occurring once in three years. [Little used.] 

TRlTAL-LoW, v. t. [L. tres and fallow.] To plow land the 
third time before sowing. — Mortimer. 

TRi'FAL-Lo W£D, pp. Plowed the third time before sowing. 

TRl'FAL-LoW-ING, ppr. Plowing the third time before 
sowing. 

TRi-Fa'RI-OUS, a. Arranged in three rows.— P. Cyc. 

TRl'FID, a. [L. trifidus.] In botany, divided half-way into 
three parts ; three-cleft. 

TRl-FIS'TU-LA-RY, a. [L. tres and fistula.] Having three 
pipes. — Brown. 

TRl'FLE (tri'fl), n. [It coincides with trivial, which see.] 
1. A thing of very little value or importance. — Young. 2. 
A dish composed of alternate layers of sweetmeats and 
cake, with syllabub. 3. A cake. 

TRl'FLE, v. i. 1. To act or talk without seriousness, grav- 
ity, weight, or dignity ; to act or talk with levity. 2. To 
indulge in light amusements. Law. — To trifle with, to 
mock ; to play the fool with. — To trifle with, or to trifle 
away, to spend in vanity ; to waste to no good puipose. 

t TRl'FLE, v. t. To make of no importance. 

TRl'FLER, n. One who trifles or acts with levity. — Bacon. 

TRl'FLING, ppr. or a. 1. Acting or talking with levity, or 
without seriousness or being in earnest. 2. a. Being of 
small value or importance.— Syn. Trivial ; futile ; petty ; 
frivolous ; vain ; silly ; unimportant ; inconsiderable ; in- 
significant ; light ; slight ; worthless ; nugatoiy. 

TRl'FLING, n. Employment about things of no importance. 

TRl'FLING-L Y. adv. In a trifling manner ; with levity ; 
without seriousness or dignity. — Locke. 

TRl'FLING-NESS, n. 1. Levity of manners ; lightness. ■ 
Entick. 2. Smallness of value ; emptiness; vanity. 

TRl-FLo'ROUS, a. [L. tres and flos, floris.] Three-flow 
ered ; bearing three flowers. — Martyn. 

TRl-F6'LI-ATE, a. [L. tres and folium.] Having three 
leaves. — Harte. 

TRl-Fo'LI-O-LATE, a. Having three folioles. 

TRl'FO-LY, n. Sweet trefoil.— Afasora. See Trefoil. 

TRl-FoTtl-UM, n. [L.] The gallery or open space between 
the vaulting and the roof ofthe aisles of a church.— Gwilt. 

TRi'FORM, a. [L. triformis.] Having a triple form or shape 
— Milton. 

TRl-FUR'CI-TED, a. Having three branches or forks. 

TRIG, v. t. [W. trigaw. See Trigger.] 1. To fill ; to stuff 
[obs.] 2. To stop, as a wheel. — Bailey. 

t TRIG, a. Full ; trim ; neat. 

TRIG'A-MOUS, a. [Gr. -peiS and yaixoi, marriage.] In bot- 
any, having three sorts of flowers in the same head, male, 
female, and hermaphrodite. — Brande. 

TRIG'A-MY, n. [Gr. rpus and ya/xoi.] State of being mar- 
ried three times ; or the state of having three husbands or 
three wives at the same time. 

TRIG'GER, n. [W. trigaw ; Dan. trekker, trykker.] 1 A 
catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity. 2. 
The catch of a musket or pistol ; the part which, being 
pulled, looses the lock for striking fire. 

TRl-GlN'TALS,n.^. [L.triginta.] Trentals. See Trentai.. 

* TRIG'LYPH (trigaif), n. [Gr. rptiS and yXvprj.] An orna- 
ment in the frieze of the Doric column, repeated at equal 
intervals. 

TRl-GLYPHIC, \a. Consisting of or pertaining to trig- 

TRl-GLYPHlC-AL, 5 lyphs. 2. Containing three seta oi 
characters or sculptures. — Gliddon. 



DAVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— € asK; GasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete. 



TRI 



1050 



TRI 



TKI'GON, n. [Gr. rpeis and yama.j 1. A triangle ; a term 
used in astrology for a division consisting of three signs ; 
also, trine, an aspect of two planets distant 120 degrees 
from each other. 2. A kind of triangular lyre or harp, 
used among the ancients. 

* TRIG'O-NAL, ) a. 1. Triangular ; having three angles or 

TRIG'O-NOUS, 5 corners. — 2. In botany, having three 
prominent longitudinal angles. 

TRIG-O-NO-METRIC-AL, a. Pertaining to trigonometry ; 
performed by or according to the rules of trigonom- 
etry. 

TRIG-O-NO-MET'RIC-AL-LY, adv. According to the rules 
or principles of trigonometry. — Asiat. Res. 

TRIG-O-NOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. rpiyuvos and uerpew.) The 
measuring of triangles ; the science of determining the 
sides and angles of triangles by means of certain parts 
which are given. 

TRI-GRAM-MAT'I€, a. Containing three sets of characters 
or letters. — Gliddon. 

TRl-GRAM'MI€, a. [Gr. rpeig, three, and ypap.ua, a letter.] 
Consisting of three letters. 

TRl'GRAPH (-graf), n. [rptiS and ypa<pn.] A name given 
to three letters having one sound. 

TRI-6YNI-A, n. [Gr. rpeii and yvvv.] In botany, an order 
of plants having three styles. — Linn&us. 

TRI(J'YN-OUs' \ a ' In botan y' having three styles. 

TRI-He'DRAL, a. Having three equal sides or faces. 

TRI-He'DRON, n. [Gr. rpets and eSpa.] A figure having 
three equal sides. 

TRIJ'U-GOUS, a. [L. tres and jugum.] In botany, having 
three pairs of leaflets. 

TRl-LAT'ER-AL, a. [Fr., from L. tres, three, and lotus, side.] 
Having three sides ; three-sided. 

TRl-LATER-AL-LY, adv. With three sides. 

TRl-LIN"GUAL, a. [L. tres and lingua.] Consisting of 
three languages or tongues. 

TRl-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. tres, three, and litera, letter.] Con- 
sisting of three letters. 

TRl-LIT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of three letters. 

TRIL'I-THON, n. [Gr. T peii. three, and Xidos, a stone.] Three 
stones placed together like door-posts and a lintel. 

TRILL, n. [It. trillo ; Dan. trille ; G. triller.] A quaver ; a 
shake of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an in- 
strument. 

TRILL, v. t. [It. trillare.] To utter with a quavering or 
tremulousness of voice ; to shake. — Thomson. 

TRILL, v. i. 1. To flow in a small stream, or in drops rap- 
idly succeeding each other ; to trickle. 2. To shake or 
quaver ; to play in tremulous vibrations of sound. 

TRILLED, pp. Shaken ; uttered with rapid vibrations. 

TRILLTNG,i?/?7\ Uttering with a quavering or shake. 

TRILLION (tril'yun), n. [a word formed arbitrarily of 
three, or Gr. rpiros, and million.'] According to the En- 
glish notation, the product of a million multiplied by a 
million, and that product multiplied by a million ; the 
number expressed by a unit with 18 ciphers annexed. — 
According to the French notation, the number expressed 
by a unit with 12 ciphers annexed. 

TRl-Lo'BATE, a. [L. tres and lobus.] Having three lobes. 

TRl'LO-BlTE, n. [Gr. rjpsiS, three, and Xo6oi, a lobe.] One 
of an extinct family of Crustacea, found in the earliest fos- 
siliferous strata. 

TRl-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. tres and locus.] In botany, three- 
celled ; having three cells for seeds. 

TRIL'O-GY, n. [Gr. rpuS and AoyoS.] A series of three 
dramas, which, although each of them is in one sense 
complete, yet bear a mutual relation, and form but parts 
of one historical and poetical picture. Shakspeare's Henry 
VI. is an example. 

TRl-Lu'MIN-AR, \a. [L. tres and lumen.] Having three 

TRl-Lu'MIN-OUS, S lights. 

TRIM, a. [Sax.trum,tryman.] Firm; compact; tight; snug; 
being in good order. 

TRIM, v. t. [Sax. trumian, trymian.] 1. In a general sense, 
to make right, that is, to put in due order for any purpose. 
2. To dress; to put the body in a proper state. 3. To 
decorate ; to invest or embellish with extra ornaments. 
4. To clip, as the hair of the head ; also, to shave ; that 
is, to put in due order. 5. To lop, as superfluous branch- 
es ; to prune. 6. To adjust for use ; as, to trim a lamp. 
7, To make neat; to adjust.— 8. In carpentry, to dress, as 
timber ; to make smooth. 9. To adjust the cargo of a 
ship, or the weight of persons or goods in a boat, so equal- 
ly on each side of the center and at each end, that she 
shall sit well on the water and sail well. 10. To rebuke ; 
to reprove sharply. 11. To arrange in due order for sail- 
ing.— To trim in, in carpentry, to fit, as a piece of timber 
into other work. Moxon.—To trim up, to dress ; to put 
in order. 

TRIM, v. i. To balance ; to fluctuate between parties so as 
to appear to favor each. — South. 

TRIM, n. 1. Dress ; gear ; ornaments. 2. The state of a 



ressel with reference to the disposition of her cargo, bal- 
last, &c, as affecting her sailing. 

TRl-MES'TER, n. [L. tr'mestris, tres, and mensis.] A term 
or period of three months. [German Universities.] 

TRIM'E-TER, n. A poetical division of verse, consisting of 
three measures. — Lowth. 



■ [Gr. rpiuerpos.] Consisting of three 
poetical measures, forming au iambic 



TRIM'E-TER, 

TRl-MET'RI€-AL, 
of six feet. 

TRl-MET'RI€, a. [Gr. rpii, three-fold, and uzrpov, measure.] 
In mineralogy, a term applied to crystals with the axes of 
three kinds, the three being unequal. 

TRIM'LY, adv. Nicely ; neatly ; in good order. — Spenser. 

TRIMMED, pp. Put in good order ; dressed ; ornamented ; 
clipped ; shaved ; balanced ; rebuked. 

TRIM'MER, n. 1. One who trims; a time-server. 2. A 
small beam, into which are framed the ends of several 
joists, as when a well-hole is to be left for stairs, or to 
avoid bringing joists near chimneys, &c. — Gwilt. 

TRIM'MING, ppr. Putting in due order ; dressing ; deco- 
rating ; pruning ; balancing ; fluctuating between parties. 

TRIM'MING, n. Ornamental appendages to a garment^ as 
lace, ribbons, and the like. 

TRIM'MING-LY, adv. In a trimming manner. 

TRIM'NESS, n. Neatness ; snugness ; the state of being 
close and in good order. 

TRl'NAL, a. [L. trinus.] Three-Md.— Milton. 

TRlNE, a. Three-fold ; as, trine dimension, that is, length, 
breadth, and thickness. 

TRlNE, n. In astrology, the aspect of planets distant from 
each other 120 degrees, or one third of the zodiac. — 
Brande. 

TRlNE, v. t. To put in the aspect of a trine. — Bryden. 

TRIN.ED, pp. Put in the aspect of a trine. 

TRI -NERVATE, a. In botany, having three unbranched 
vessels extending from the base to the apex of a leaf. 

TRl'NERVE, \a. In botany, a trinerved or three-nerved 

TRl'NERVED, 5 leaf has three unbranched vessels ex- 
tending from the base to the apex or point. 

TRIN'GLE (tringgl), n. [Fr.] In architecture, a little square 
member or ornament, as a listel, reglet, platband, and the 
like, but particularly a little member fixed exactly over 
every triglyph. 

TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Trinity, or to the 
doctrine of the Trinity. 

TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. 1. One who believes the doctrine of 
the Trinity. 2. One of a religious order who made it 
their business to redeem Christians from Turks or infidels. 

TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine of Trinitarians. 

TRIN'1-TY, n. [L. trinitas : tres and unus, unitas, one, unity.] 
In theology, the union of three persons in one Godhead, 
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. 

TRIN'I-TY-HOUSE, n. An institution in London for the 
promotion of commerce and navigation, by licensing pi- 
lots, ordering and erecting beacons, &c. 

TRIN'I-TY-SUN'DAY, n. The Sunday next after Whitsun- 
day ; so called from the feast held on that day in honor of 
the Holy Trinity. 

TRINK'ET, n. 1. A small ornament, as a jewel, a ring, and 
the like. 2. A thing of little value ; tackle ; tools. 

TPJNK'ET-RY, n. Ornaments of dress ; trinkets. 

TRl-No'MI-AL, a. [L. tres and nome?i.] In mathematics, a 
trinomial quantity is a quantity consisting of three term3. 

TRl-No'MI-AL, n. A quantity consisting of three terms. 

TRi'O, n. 1. Three united. — 2. In music, a composition in 
three parts ; often pronounced trio. — Brande. 

TRl-OB'O-LAR, \a. [L. triobolaris.] Of the value of 

TRl-OB'O-LA-RY, > three oboli ; mean ; worthless.— 
Cheyne. 

TRi-0€-TA-HeT)RAL, a. [tri and octahedral] In crystal- 
lography, presenting three ranges of faces, one above an- 
other, each range containing eight faces. 

TRl-OCTILE, n. [L. tres and octo.] In astrology, an aspect 
of two planets with regard to the earth, when they are 
three octants, or three eighths of a circle, that is, 135 de- 
grees, distant from each other. 

TRl'O-LET, n. A stanza of eight lines, in which the tirsi 
line is thrice repeated. — Brande. 

TRl'OR, > n. In law, a person appointed by the court to ex 

TRl'ER, 5 amine whether a challenge to a panel of jurors, 
or to any juror, is just. 

TRIP, v. t. [G. trippeln ; D. trippen ; Sw. trippa ; Dan. trip- 
per.) 1. To supplant ; to cause to fall by striking the feet 
suddenly from under the person ; usually followed by up. 
2. To supplant ; to overthrow by depriving of support. 3. 
To catch ; to detect. 4. To loose an anchor from the bot- 
tom by its cable or buoy-rope. 

TRIP, v. i. 1. To stumble ; to strike the foot against some- 
thing so as to lose the step and come near to fall, or to 
stumble and fall. 2. To err ; to fall ; to mistake ; to be 
deficient. 

TRIP, v. i. [At. tariba ; G. treppe.] To run or step lightly; to 
walk with a light step. 



: Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, hng.—l, e, t, &c, short.— F XR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M5 VE, BOQK. 



Till 



1051 



TR1 



TRIP, n. 1. A stroke or catch by which a wrestler sup- 

Elants his antagonist. 2. A false step by the loss of foot- 
old, or a striking of the foot against an object. — 3. Figu- 
ratively, a slight error arising from haste or inconsidera- 
tion. 4. A brief journey or voyage.— 5. In navigation, a 
single board in plying to windward. — 6. Among farmers, a 
small flock of sheep, or a small stock of them; [local.]— 
Syn. Stumble ; failure ; mistake ; excursion ; jaunt ; ram- 
ble ; tour. 

TRIP'-HAM-MER, n. A large hammer used in forges. 

TRIP'-MAD-AM, n. A plant.— Mortimer. 

TRIPAR-TITE, a. [Fr. ; L. tripartitus.) 1. Divided into 
three parts. 2. Having three corresponding parts or 
copies. 

TRI-PaR-TI"TION (-tish'un), n. A division by three, or the 
taking of a third part of any number or quantity. — Cyc. 

TRlPE, n. [Fr. ; Sp. tripa ; It. trippa ; G. tripp.] 1. Properly, 
the entrails ; but in common usage, the large stomach of 
ruminating animals, prepared for food. — 2. In ludicrous 
language, the belly. 

TRlPE'-MAN, n. A man who sells tripe.— Swift. 
TRIP'E-D AL, a. [L. tres and pes.] Having three feet. 

TRl-PEN'NATE, 1 a. [L. tres and penna or pinna.] In bota- 

TRl-PIN'NATE, 5 ny, a tripinnate leaf is a species of supra- 
decompound leaf, when a petiole has bipinnate leaves 
ranged on each side of it. 

TRl-PER'SON-AL, a. [L. tres and persona.] Consisting of 
three persons. — Milton. 

I.'Rl-PER-SON-AL'1-TY, n. The state of existing in three 
persons in one Godhead. — Milton. 

PRl-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. rptts and neraXov.] In botany, 
three-petaled ; having three petals or flower-leaves. 

TRl'PHANE, n. [Gr. T pas and <paivw.] A mineral, spodu- 
mene. — Ure. 

TRIPHTHONG (trif'thong), n. [Gr. rpeis and (pOoyyv-] A 
coalition of three vowels in one compound sound, or in 
one syllable, as in adieu, eye. 

rRIPH-THON"GAL (trif-thong'gal), a. Pertaining to a triph- 
thong ; consisting of a triphthong. 

PRIPH'Y-LlNE, n. [Gr. rpzis, three-fold, and <p v \n, family, in 
allusion to its containing three phosphates.] A mineral 
of a grayish green or bluish color. 

rRIPHTL-LOUS (trifil-lus), a. [Gr. T pus and (pvXXov.] In 
botany, three-leaved ; having three leaves. 

TRIPLE (tripl), a. [Fr. ; L. triplex, triplus.] 1. Three-fold ; 
consisting of three united. — Dryden. 2. Treble ; three 
times repeated; [see Treble.] — Triple time, in music, a 
species of time so called from the bars being divisible into 
three equal parts. — Triple salt, in chemistry, a salt in which 
two bases are combined with one acid ; more properly re- 
garded as a double salt. — Brande. 

TRIFLE, v. t. To treble ; to make three-fold, or thrice as 
much or as many. — Lee. [Usually written treble.] 

TRIPLE-CROWNED, a. Having three crowns. 

TRIP'LE-HEAD-ED, a. Having three heads. 

TRIPLED, pp. Made three-fold. 

TRIP'LET, n. [from triple.] 1. Three of a kind or three 
united. — 2. In poetry, three verses rhyming together. — 3. 
In music, three notes sung or played in the time of two. 

TRIPLI-CATE, a. [L. triplicatus, triplico.] Made thrice as 
much ; three-fold. — Triplicate ratio, in mathematics, the 
ratio of cubes to each other. 

TRIP'LI-GATE, n. A third paper or thing corresponding to 
two others of the same kind. 

TRIP'LI-CATE-TERNATE, a. In botany, thrice ternate ; 
triternate, which see. 

TRIP-LICa'TION, n. 1. The act of trebling or making 
three-fold, or adding three together. Glanville. — 2. In the 
civil law, the same as surrejoinder in common law. 

TRl-PLIC'I-TY (-plis'e-te), n. [Fr. triplicite ; from L. triplex.] 
Trebleness ; the state of being three-fold. — Watts. 

TRIPLING, n. Making three-fold. 

TRIP'LiTE, n. An imperfectly crystallized mineral of a 
dark brown color. 

TRIPLY-RIBBED, a. In botany, having a pair of large ribs 
branching off from the main one above the base. 

* TRl'POD, n. [L. tripus, tripodis ; Gr. rpmuvi.] A bench, 
stool, or seat supported by three legs, on which the priest 
and sibyls in ancient times were placed to render or- 
acles. 

TRIP'O-LI, n. In mineralogy, a fine-grained earthy sub- 
stance originally brought from Tripoli, used in polishing 
stones and metals. It is principally silica, consisting al- 
most wholly of the cast shells of microscopic animalcules. 
— Dana. 

TRIP'O-LJNE, a. Pertaining to Tripoli. 

TRl'POS, n. ; pi. Triposes. 1. A tripos-paper, which see. 
2. One who prepares a tripos-paper. 

TRT'POS-Pa'PER, n. At the University of Cambridge, Eng., 
a printed list of the successful candidates for mathematical 
honors, accompanied by a piece in Latin verse. There 
are two of these, designed to commemorate the two Tri- 
pos days. The first contains the names of the Wranglers 



and Senior Optimee, and the second the names ot tn« 

Junior Optimes. The word tripos is supposed to refer to 

the three-legged stool, formerly used at the examinations 

for these honors, though some derive it from the three 

brackets formerly printed on the back of the paper. C. A. 

Bristed. — Classical tripos exammation, the final university 

examination for classical honors, optional to all who have 

taken the mathematical honors. — C. A. Bristed. 
TRIPPED (tript), pp. [from trip.] Supplanted. 
TRIP'PER, n. One who trips or supplants ; one who walks 

nimbly. 
TRIP'PING, ppr. 1. Supplanting ; stumbling ; falling ; step- 
ping nimbly. 2. a. Quick ; nimble. 
TRIP'PING, n. 1. The act of tripping. 2. A light dance.— 

Milton. 3. The loosing of an anchor from the ground by 

its cable or buoy-rope. 
TRIP'PING-LY, adv. Nimbly ; with a light, nimble, quick 

step ; with agility. — Shak. 
TRIP'SIS, n. [Gr. rpupts, friction, the act of rubbing, from 

tOi6u), to rub.] The technical term for shampooing. 
TRIPTOTE, n. [Gr. T pus and tjtoxti ?.] In grammar, a name 

or noun having three cases only. — Clarke. 
TRl-Pu'DI-A-RY, a. [L. tripudium.] Pertaining to dancing ; 

performed by dancing. — Brown. 
TRi-Pu'DI-aTE. v. i. [L. tripudio.] To dance.— Cockeram. 
TRi-PU-DI-a'TION, n. [L. tripudio.] Act of dancing.- 

Johnson. 
TRI-QUe'TROUS, a. [L. triquetrus, from triquetra.] Threo 

sided ; having three plain sides. — Encyc. 
TRi-Ra'DI-a-TED, a. [L. tres and radius.] Having three 

rays. 
TRl'REME, n. [L. triremis.] A galley or vessel with three 

benches or ranks of oars on a side. — Mitford. 
TRl-RHOM-BOID'AL, a. [tri and rhomboidal] Having three 

rhombic faces or sides. 
TRl-SAG-RA-MENT-A'RI-AN, n. One of a religious sect 

who admit of three sacraments, and no more. — Cyc. 
TRIS-A'GI-ON, n. [Gr. rpeis and ayms.] A hymn in whicn 

the word holy is repeated three times. — Bull. 
TRl-SECT', v. t. [L. tres and seco.] To cut or divide into 

three equal parts. — Allen. 
TRl-SECT'ED, pp. Divided into three equal parts. 
TRl-SE€T'ING, ppr. Dividing into three equal parts. 
TRl-SE€'TION (-sek'shun), n. [L. tres and sectio.] The di- 
vision of a thing into three parts, particularly of an angle 

into three equal parts. 
TRl-SEPA-LOUS, a. In botany, having three sepals or 

small bracts of a calyx. 
TRIS-0€-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. rpis, three times, and o/crw, 

eight, and eSpx, face.] A solid bounded by twenty-four 

equal faces. 
TRl'SPAST, >n. [Gr. rpciS and airaw.] In mechanics, & 
TRl-SPAS'TON, I machine with three pulleys for raising 

great weights. — Brande. 
TRl-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. tozi s and cttcP/jm.] Three-seeded ; 

containing three seeds ; as, a trispermous capsule. 
tTRIST, \a. [L.tristis.] Sad; sorrowful; gloomy.— 

t TRISTFUL, > Shak. 
TRISTTUL-LY, adv. Sadly, 
t TRIS-Ti'TIITE (-tish'ate), v. t. [L. tristitia.] To make 

sad. 
tTRx'SULG, n. [L. trisulcus.] Something having three 

furrows. — Brown. 
TRl-SULC'ATE, a. Having three furrows. 
TRIS-YL-LAB'IC, \a. [from trisyllable.] Pertaining to 
TRIS-YL-LAB'IG-AL, J a trisyllable ; consisting of three 

syllables. 

* TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, n. [L. tres, three, and syllaba, syllable.] 
A word consisting of three syllables. 

TRITE, a. [L. tritus] Worn out ; common ; used till so 
common as to have lost its novelty and interest. — Swift. 

TRlTE'LY, adv. In a common manner. 

TRlTE'NESS, n. Commonness ; staleness ; a state of being 
worn out. 

TRl-TERNATE, a. [L. tres and ternate.] Three times tern- 
ate ; applied to a petiole, which separates into three, and 
is again divided at each point into three, and on each of 
these nine points bears three leaflets. 

* TRl'THE-ISM, n. [Fr. tritheisme; Gr. rpsis and Scot.] 

The opinion that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three 
distinct beinss or Gods. — Murdoch. 

" TRi'THE-IST, n. One who believes that the three per- 
sons in the Godhead are three distinct beings or Gods. — 
Murdoch. ' 

TRI-THE-IST1C, a. Pertaining to tritheism. 

TRl'THE-lTE, ??. A tritheist. 

TRl'THING, n. [from three.] One of the divisions of the 
County of York, in England, which is divided into three 
parts. It is now called Riding. 

t TRITIG-AL, a. [from trite.] Trite ; common. 

tTRPTTG-AL-NESS, n. Triteness.— Warton. 

TRl'TON, n. 1. In mythology, a fabled sea demi god, sup- 
posed to be the trumpeter of Neptune. 2. According tf 



D6VE ;- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Yi"CIOUS.- G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t ObsnljAi 






TRO 



1052 



TRO 



Ltnrueus, a mollusk which inhabits the cavities of subma- 
rine rocks in Italy. 3. According to Cuvier, a genus of 
batrachian reptiles or aquatic salamanders. 

TRl'ToNE, n. [L. tres and tonus.} In music, a false con- 
cord or dissonant interval, consisting of three tones, or of 
two tones and two semitones. 

TRl-TOXYD, n. [Gr. rpiros, and oxyd.] In chemistry, a non- 
acid compound of one equivalent of a base with three 
equivalents of oxygen. 

TRITU-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being reduced to a fine 
powder by pounding, rubbing, or grinding. 

TRITU-RaTE, v. t. [L. trituro.] To rub or grind to a very 
fine powder, and properly to a finer powder than that 
made by pulverization. 

TRIT'U-Ra-TED, pp. or a. Reduced to a very fine powder. 

TRIT'tl-RI-TING, ppr. Grinding or reducing to a very fine 
powder. 

TRIT-U-Ra'TION, n. The act of reducing to a fine powder 

by grinding. 
. *■ TRITITRE, n. A rubbing or grinding. — Cheyne. 

TRl-Tu'RI-UM, n. A vessel for separating liquors of differ- 
ent densities. 

TRl'UMPH, n. [Fr. triompke; It. trionfo ; Sp. triunfo ; L. tri- 
umphus.] 1. Among the ancient Romans, a pompous cer- 
emony performed in honor of a victorious general. He 
entered the city in a chariot drawn by four horses, pre- 
ceded by the captives and spoils taken in war, and fol- 
lowed by his troops, and the whole train passed along to 
the Capitol. — Smith's Diet. 2. State of being victorious. 
3. Victory; conquest. 4. Joy or exultation for success. 
5. A card that takes all others ; now written trump, which 
see. 

TRl'UMPH, v. i. 1. To celebrate victory with pomp ; to re- 
joice for victory. 2. To obtain victory. 3. To insult upon 
an advantage gained. 4. To be prosperous ; to flourish. — 
To triumph over, to succeed in overcoming ; to surmount. 

TRl-UMPHAL, a. [Fr. ; L. triumphalis.] Pertaining to tri- 
umph ; used in a triumph. — Swift. 

TRl-UMPH'AL, n. A token of victory.— Milton. 

TRl-UMPHANT, a. [L. triumphans.) 1. Celebrating victo- 
ry. 2. Rejoicing as for victory. 3. Victorious ; graced 
with conquest. 4. Celebrating victory; expressing joy 
for success. 

TRI-UMPHANT-LY, adv. 1. In a triumphant manner ; 
with the joy and exultation that proceeds from victory or 
success. 2. Victoriously ; with success. 3. With inso- 
lent exultation. 

TRl'UMPH-ER, n. 1. One who triumphs or rejoices for 
victory ; one who vanquishes. 2. One who was honored 
with a triumph in Rome. 

TRl'UMPH-ING, ppr. Celebrating victory with pomp ; van- 
quishing ; rejoicing for victory ; insulting on an advantage. 

TRl-UM'ViR, n. ; pi. Teium'vibi or Teium'vibs. [L. tres 
and vir.] One of three men united in office. The title is 
particularly applied to three men who shared between 
them the supreme power at Rome. 

TRl-UM'VI-RATE, n. 1. A coalition of three men ; partic- 
ularly, the union of three men who obtained the govern- 
ment of the Roman Empire. 2. Government by three 
men in coalition. 

* TRI'tJNE (trT'yune), a. [L. tres and unus.] Three in one ; 
an epithet applied to God, to express the unity of the 
Godhead in a trinity of persons. 

t TRl-U'NI-TY, n. Trinity. 

TRl-VALV'U-LAR, a. Three-valved ; having three valves. 

TRIVANT, n. A truant— Burton. 

TRT-VERB'I-AL, a. [L. triverbium.] Triverbial days, in the 
Roman calendar, were juridical or court days, days al- 
lowed to the pretor for hearing causes ; called, also, dies 
fasti. 

TRIVET, n. A three-legged support. See Teevet. 

TRIV'I-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. trivialis.] 1. Trifling ; of little worth 
or importance ; inconsiderable. — Pope. 2. Worthless ; 
vulgar.— Trivial name, in natural history, the name for the 
species, which, added to the generic name, forms the com- 
plete denomination of the plant ; the specific name. See 
Specific, a. 

TRIV-I-AL'I-TY, n. Trivialness. [Not much used.] 

TRIV'I-AL-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; vulgarly. 2. Lightly ; 
inconsiderably ; in a trifling degree. 

TRIV'I-AL-NESS, n. 1. Commonness. 2. Lightness ; un- 
importance. 

TRIV'I-UM, n. [L.] The three arts of Grammar, Logic, 
and Rhetoric. So the quadrivium was the four arts, Mu- 
sic, Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy. These are the 
seven liberal sciences.— Brande. 

TRoAT, v. i. To cry, as a buck in rutting time. — Diet. 

TRo AT, n. The cry of a buck in rutting time. 

TRo'CAR, n. [Fr. un trois quart.] A surgical instrument 
for tapping dropsical persons and the like. 

TRO-CHaTG, \a. In poetry, consisting of trochees. See 

TRO-CHa'IC-AL, 5 Trochee, 

TRQ-CHAN'TER, n. [Gr. rpoxavrnp.] In anatomy, the tro- 



chanters are two processes of the thign-bone at the uppei 
end, called major and minor, the major on the outside and 
the minor on the inside. 

TRo'CHE (troTce), n. [Gr.] A form of medicine in a circu- 
lar cake or tablet, or a stiff paste cut into proper portions 
and dried. It is generally composed of sugar and mucilagt 
united with some more active remedy, and intended to be 
dissolved gradually in the mouth. — Brande. 

TRo'CHEE (troTtee), n. [L. trochceus ; Gr. rpoxaios.] In 
verse, a foot of two syllables, the first long and the second 
short. 

TRO-CHIL'IC (tro-kil'ik), a. Having power to draw out or 
turn round. 

TRO-GHIL'ICS, n. [Gr. Tpo%i\ia; L. trochilus.} The sci 
ence of rotary motion. 

TROGH'I-LUS, )n. [L. trochilus; Gr. rf)ox^os.] 1. In zool 

TRo'CHIL, 5 ogy, the humming bird or honey-sucker 
a kind of beautiful httle birds, natives of America. — 2. In 
architecture, a hollow ring round a column ; called, also, 
scotia, and by workmen, the casement. 3. An aquatic bird, 
a swift runner, with long legs, which is said to get its meat 
out of the crocodile's mouth. — Sir T. Herbert. 4. A name 
given to the golden-crowned wren. — Cyc. 

TRo'CHINGS (tro'kingz), n.pl. The small branches on the 
top of a deer's head. — Cyc. 

TRo'CHIScH (tro'kish), n. [Gr. rpoxioicos.] A kind of tablet 
or lozenge. — Bacon. See Teoche. 

TRo'CHlTE (tro'kite), n. [L. trochus.] A name formerly 
given to the separate joints of the stem of a fossil encri- 
nite. , 

TROCH'LE-A (trok'), n. [L.] A pulley-like cartilage, through 
which the tendon of the trochleary muscle passes. 

TROCH'LE-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the trochlea. 

TRo'-GHOID, n. [Gr. rpoxos ; L. trochus.] In geometry, the 
curve described by any point in a wheel rolling straight 
forward on a level ; a cycloid. — Brande. 

TROD, pret. of tread. 

TROD, \ pp. of tread. Jerusalem shall be trodden down 

TRODTJ.EN, ) by the Gentiles.— Luke, xxi. 

TRoDE, old pret. of tread. 

tTRoDE, n. Tread ; footing. — Spenser. 

TROG'LO-DyTE, n. [Gr. T pwy\n and Svm.] One dwelling 
in a subterraneous cave ; applied by the ancients to cer- 
tain tribes living far up the Nile. 

TROLL, v. t. [G. trollen ; W. troliaw.] To move in a circu- 
lar direction ; to roll ; to move volubly ; to turn ; to drive 
about ; to sing or take up in succession, as a catch. 

TROLL, v. i. 1. To roll ; to run about. — 2. Among anglers, 
to fish, as for pikes, with a rod whose line runs on a wheel 
or pulley. — Gay. 

TROLLED,^. Rolled ; turned about. 

TRoLL'ING, ppr. Rolling ; turning ; driving about ; fishing 
with a rod and reel. 

TROL'LOP, n. [G. trolle.] A stroller; a loiterer; a woman 
loosely dressed ; a slattern. — Milton. 

t TROL-LOP-EE', n. Formerly, a loose dress for females. 

TROL'MY-DIMES, n. [Fr. trou-madame.] The game of 
nine-holes.— Shak. 

TROM'BONE, n. [It.] A deep-toned instrument of the 
trumpet kind, consisting of three tubes ; the first, to which 
the mouth-piece is attached, and tho third, which termin- 
ates in a bell-shaped orifice, are placed 6ide by side ; the 
middle tube is doubled, and slides into the other two like 
the tube of a telescope. — E. T. Fitch. 

TROMP, n. A blowing machine formed of a hollow tree, 
used in furnaces. 

TROMPTL, n. An aperture in a tromp. 

TRo'NA, n. A native sesquicarbonate of soda, found on the 
banks of the soda lakes of Sukena, in Africa. — Brande. 

TRO'NAdE, n. Formerly, a toll or duty paid for weighing 
wool.-— Cyc. 

TRO-Na'TOR, n. An officer in London, whose business 
was to weigh wool. 

TRON'CO, n. [L. truncus.] A term in Italian music, direct- 
ing a note or sound to be cut short, or just uttered and 
then discontinued. 

TRoNE, n. A provincial word in some parts of England 
fo_r a small drain. — Cyc. 

TRoNES \ n ' "^ stee ty ar< l- [North of England.] 

TRON'-Vv EIGHT, n. A weight formerly used in Scotland. 
A pound in this weight varied from 21 to 28 ounces avoir- 
dupois. — Brande. 

TROOP, 7i. [Fr. troupe ; It. truppa ; Sp., Port, tropa ; Dan., 
D. trop ; G. trupp ; Sw. tropp.] 1. A collection of people ; 
a company; a number; a multitude. — Gen., xlix. 2. A 
body of soldiers. But, applied to infantry, it is now used 
in the plural, troops, and this word signifies soldiers in gen- 
eral.— 3. Troop, in the singular, a small body or company 
of cavalry, light-horse, or dragoons, commanded by a cap- 
tain. 4. A company of stage-players. 

TROOP, v. i. 1. To collect in numbers. 2. To march in u 
body. 3. To march in haste or in company. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, 1, &c., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE BOOK. 



TftO 



1053 



TRU 



TROOPER, n. A private or soldier in a body of cavalry ; 
a horse-soldier. 

TROOP'ING, ppr. Moving together in a crowd ; marching 
in a body. 

TRoPE, n. [L. tropus ; Gr. rpoiros-] In rhetoric, a word or 
expression used in a different sense from that which it 
properly signifies, or a word changed from its original sig- 
nification to another, for the sake of giving life or empha- 
sis to an idea, as when we call a shrewd man a fox. 

TRo'PHl, n. pi. [Gr. rpo<j>os, one who feeds.] In entomology, 
the parts employed in feeding. 

TRo'PHLED (tro'fid), a. Adorned with trophies.— Pope. 

TRO-PHoNl-AN, a. Pertaining to the Grecian architect 
Trophonius, or his cave, or his architecture. — Dwight. 

TROPH'O-SPERM, n. [Gr. rpoQos and a-tpna.] In botany, 
that part of the ovary from which the ovules arise, com- 
monly called placenta, sometimes spermaphore, or recepta- 
cle of tlie seed. — Lindley. 

TRo'PHY (tro'fe), n. [L. tropaum ; Gr. rpo-aiov ; Fr. trophee ; 
Sp., It. trofeo.] 1, Among the ancients, a pile of arms tak- 
en from a vanquished enemy, raised on the field of battle 
«iy the conquerors, often placed on the trunk of a tree 
fixed on an elevation ; also, the representation of such a 
pile in marble, on medals, and the like. 2. Any thing tak- 
en and preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, 'flags, 
standards, and the like, taken from an enemy. — 3. In ar- 
chitecture, an ornament representing the stem of a tree, 
charged or encompassed with arm3 and military weapons, 
offensive and defensive. 4. Something that is evidence 
of victory ■ memorial of conquest 

TRo'PHY-MoN'EY (tro'fe-mun'ne), n. A duty paid in En- 
gland annually by housekeepers, toward providing har- 
ness, drums, colors, &c, for the militia. 

TROP'IC, n. [Fr. tropique ; L. tropicus ; Gr. rpe^co, to turn.] 
A name given to two parallels of latitude, one (the tropic 
of Cancer) being 23° 28' north of the equator, and the oth- 
er (the tropic of Capricorn) being 23° 28' south of the 
equator. They mark the point at which the sun turns 
again toward the equator from its utmost declination to 
the north or south. The space lying between the tropics 
is called the torrid zone. 

TROP'IC-BiRD, n. An aquatic fowl having very long wings 
and two long slender tail-feathers, found in or near the 
torrid zone. 

TROP'IC-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to the tropics ; being within 
the tropics. 2. Incident to the tropics. 3. [from trope.] 
Figurative ; rhetorically changed from its proper or origin- 
al sense. 

TROPIC-AL-YeAR, n. The time between the sun's leav- 
ing a tropic and its return to it, or from the longest day in 
one year to the longest day in the next. 

[TtOP'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a tropical or figurative manner. 

TRo'PIST, n. One who explains the Scriptures by tropes 
and figures of speech ; one who deals in tropes. 

rROP-0-LOG'I€-AL, a. Varied by tropes; changed from 
the original import of the words. 

TRO-POL'O-GY, n. [Gr. T po-os and Aoyoj.] A rhetorical 
mode of speech, including tropes, or change from the orig- 
inal import of the word. 

rTROSS'ERS, n. pi. Trowsers.— Shah. See Thowsees. 

TROT, v. i. [Fr. trotter; G. trotten; It. trottare; Sp., Port. 
trotar.] 1. To move faster than in walking, as a horse or 
other quadruped, by lifting one fore foot and the hind foot 
of the opposite side at the same time. 2. To walk or move 
fast, or to run. 

TROT, n. 1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped when 
he lifts one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side 
at the same time. It is faster than a walk. 2. An old 
woman ; [in contempt] 

t TROTH, n. [Sax. treothe.] 1. Belief; faith; fidelity. 2. 
Truth : verity ; veracity ; as, by my troth. 

\ TROTH'-PLlGHT (-plite), v. t. To betroth or affiance. 

f TROTH'-PLlGHT, a. Betrothed ; espoused ; affianced. 

TROTH'-PLlGHT, n. The act of betrothing or plighting 
faith.— Shah. 

TROTH'-PLlGHT-ED, a. Havin? fidelity pledged. 

f TROTH'LESS, a. Faithless ; treacherous.— Fairfax. 

TROT'TER, n. 1. A beast that trots, or that usually trots. 
2. A sheep's foot. 

TROTTING, ppr. or a. Moving with a trot; walking fast, 
or running. 

TROU'BA-DoUR, n. [from Fr. tronver.] One of a school 
of poets who flourished from the eleventh to the latter end 
of the thirteenth century; principally at Provence, in the 
south of France, and also in the north of Italy.— Brande. 

TR6UB'LE (trub'bl), v. t. [Fr. troubler ; It. turbare ; Sp., 
Port, turbar ; L. turbo.] 1. To agitate ; to disturb ; to put 
into confused motion. — 2. Figuratively, to give disturb 
ance, anxiety, or distress ; to affect painfully. 3. To busy 
to cause to be much engaged or anxious. 4. To give oc 
casion for labor. 5. To sue for a debt. — Syn. To disturb 
perplex ; afflict ; distress ; grieve ; harass ; annoy ; tease 
vex; molest 



TROUB'LE (trub'bl), n. 1. Disturbance of mind ; commo- 
tion of spirits. 2. A painful, perplexed, or agitating state 
or condition. 3. That which gives disturbance, annoy 
ance, or vexation; that which afflicts.— Syn. Distress; 
perplexity ; annoyance ; molestation ; vexation ; incon- 
venience ; affliction ; calamity ; misfortune ; adversity , 
embarrassment ; anxiety ; sorrow ; misery. 

f TR6UB'LE-STaTE, n. A disturber of the community. 

TR6UB'L£D (trub'bld), pp. or a. Disturbed; agitated, 
afflicted ; annoyed ; molested. 

TROUB'LER (trub'bler), n. One who disturbs ; one who 
afflicts or molests ; a disturber. — Waller. 

TR6UB'LE-S6ME (trub'bl-sum), a. Giving trouble, dis- 
turbance, or inconvenience. — Syn. Uneasy ; vexatious , 
perplexing ; harassing ; annoying ; disgusting ; irksome ; 
afflictive ; burdensome ; tiresome ; wearisome ; importu- 
nate. 

TR6UB'LE-S6ME-LY (trub'bl-sum-le), adv. In a manner 
or degree to give trouble ; vexatiously. 

TR6UB'LE-S6ME-NESS (trub'bl-sum -nes), n. 1. Vexatious- 
ness ; the quality of giving trouble, or of molesting. 2. 
Unseasonable intrusion; importunity. 

TROUB'LING (trub'bling), ppr. Disturbing ; agitating ; mo- 
lestin? ; annoying : afflicting. 

TROUBLING (trub'bling), n. 1. The act of disturbing or 
putting in commotion. — John, v. 2. The act of afflicting. 

TRoUB'LOUS (trub'blus), a. 1. Agitated ; tumultuous , 
full of commotion. 2. Full of trouble or disorder ; tumult- 
uous ; full of affliction. 

TROUGH (trawf ), n. [Sax., D., Ger. trog ; Dan. trug.] 1. A 
vessel hollow longitudinally, or a large log or piece of tim- 
ber excavated longitudinally on the upper side ; used for 
various purposes. ~ 2. A tray. 3. A canoe ; the rude boat 
of uncivilized men. 4. The channel that conveys water, 
as in mills. — Trough of the sea, the space between two 
high waves. 

TRoUL, for troll. See Troll. 

TROUNCE (trouns), v. t. [qu. Fr. troncon, tronconner.] To 
punish, or to beat severely. [A lew'word.] 

TROUNCING (trouns'ing), ppr. Beating severely. 

TROUNCTNG (trouns'ing), n. A severe beating. 

TROUSE (trowz), n. [See Tkowseks.] A kind of brow- 
sers worn by children. 

TROU'SERS, n. pi. See Trowsers. 

TR6US-SEAU' (troo-so'), n. [Fr.] The collective fighter 
equipments of a lady when about to be married. 

TROUT, n. [Sax. truht ; Fr. truite ; It. trola ; D. Iruit ; L. 
trutta.] The name of various fresh-water fishes, of the 
salmon kind, having colored spots on the body, and highly 
esteemed for food. 

TROUT-C6L-6R-ED (-kul-lurd), a. White with spots of 
black, bay, or sorrel ; as, a trout-colored horse. 

TROUT'-FISH-ING, n. The fishing for trouts. 

TROUT'-STReAM, n. A stream in which trout breed. 

TRo'VER, n. [Fr. trouver ; It. troxare.] 1. In law, the gain 
ing possession of any goods, whether by finding or by 
other means. 2. An action which a man has against an- 
other who has found or obtained possession of any of his 
goods, and who refuses to deliver them on demand. 

t TR5W, v. i. [Sax. treowian, tremoan ; G. trauen ; Sw. tro.] 
To believe ; to trust ; to think or suppose. — Hooker. 

TR5W is used in the imperative, as a word of inquiry. 

TROWEL, n. [Fr. truelle ; L. trulla ; D. troffel] 1. A ma- 
son's tool. 2. A gardener's tool. 

TROWELED, a. Formed with a trowel ; as, troweled stuc- 
co, i. e., stucco laid on and ready for the reception of paint 

TR5WL. See Troll. 

TROWSERS, n. pi. [Gaelic triusan; Fr. trousse; W. trws, 
trous.] A loose garment worn by males, extending from 
the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering the 
lower limbs. 

TROY, in. [said to have been named 

TROY'- WEIGHT (-wate), 5 from Troyes, in France.] The 
weight by which gold and silver, jewels, medicines, &c, 
are weighed. In weighing gold and silver, <fcc, the denom- 
inations" pounds, ounces, pennyweights, and grains are 
used; in weighing medicines, pounds, ounces, scruples, 
drams, and grains are used. The pounds, ounces, and 
grains are of the same weight in each case. 

TRu'ANT, a. [Fr. truand.] Idle ; wandering from busi- 
ness ; loitering ; as, a truant boy. 

TRu'ANT, n. An idler ; an idle boy. — Dry den. 

TRu'ANT, v. i. To idle away time ; to loiter or be absent 
from employment. — Shak. 

TRu'ANT-LY, adv. Like a truant; in idleness. 

TRu'ANT-SHIP, n. Idleness ; neglect of employment 

TRUBS. n. An herb.— Ainstcorth' 

t TRUBTaIL, n. A short, squat woman. — Ainswortk 

TRuCE, n. [Goth, triggica; It trcgua; Norm, trewe.] 1. In 
war, a suspension of arms by agreement of the command 
ers ; a temporary cessation of hostilities. 2. Intermission 
of action, pain, or contest; temporary cessation; short 
quiet 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € asK; GasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete. 



TRU 



1054 



TRU 



TRuCE'-BREaK-ER, n. [truce and breaker.] One who vio- 
lates a truce, covenant, or engagement. — 2 Tim., iii. 

TRUCH'MAN, n. An interpreter. See. Dhagoman. 

TRU-CI-Da'TION, n, [L. trucido.] The act of killing. 

TRUCK, v. i. [Fr. troguer ; Sp., Port, trocar.] To exchange 
commodities ; to barter. [A vulgar word.] 

TRU€K, v. t. To exchange ; to give in exchange ; to bar- 
ter. — Swift. [Vulgar.] 

TRUCK, n. 1. Permutation ; exchange of commodities ; 
barter. 2. A small wooden wheel not bound with iron ; 
a cylinder. 3. A small wheel : hence, trucks, a low car- 
riage for carrying goods, stone, &e., either on common 
roads or rail-roads.— 4. In a ship, a small wooden cap at 
the summit of a flag-staff or mast-head. — Truck system, the 
practice of paying the wages of workmen in goods instead 
of money. — M ' Culloch. 

TRUCKAGE, 7i. The practice of bartering goods. — Milton. 

TRUCK'ER, n. One who traffics by exchange of goods. ' 

TRUCKING, ppr. Exchanging goods ; bartering. 

TRUCK'LE (trukl), n. A small wheel or caster. 

TRUCK'LE, v. i. [dim. of truck.] To yield or bend obsequi- 
ously to the will of another ; to submit ; to creep. 

TRU€K'LE-BED, n. A bed that runs on wheels, and may 
be pushed under another; a trundle-bed. 

TRUCK'LING, ppr. Yielding obsequiously to the will of 
another. 

TRu'CU-LENCE, n. [L.truculentia.] 1. Savageness of man- 
ners ; ferociousness. 2. Terribleness of countenance. 

TRu'CU-LENT, a. 1. Fierce ; savage ; barbarous. 2. Of a 
ferocious aspect. 3. Cruel ; destructive. 

TRu'€U-LENT-LY, adv. Fiercely ; destructively. 

TRUDGE (truj), v. i. 1. To travel on foot. 2. To travel or 
march with labor. — Dryden. 

TRuE (tru), a. [Sax. treoio, treowe ; Sw. tro ; Dan. troe ; G. 
treu ; D. trouw.] 1. Conformable to fact ; being in accord- 
ance with the actual state of things. 2. Genuine ; pure ; 
real ; not counterfeit, adulterated, or false. 3. Faithful ; 
sincere ; steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a 
prince, or to the state ; loyal ; not false, fickle, or perfidi- 
ous. 4. Free from falsehood. 5. Honest; upright; not 
fraudulent. 6. Exact ; right to precision ; conformable to 
a rule or pattern. 7. Straight ; right. 8. Not false or 
pretended; real. 9. Rightful; as, the true heir. 

TRuE'-BILL, n. In law, these words are indorsed on a 
bill of indictment, when a grand jury are of opinion that 
there is sufficient cause for putting the accused on trial. — 
Bouvier. 

TRuE'-BLfJE, a. An epithet applied to a person of inflexi- 
ble honesty and fidelity ; from the true or Coventry Hue, 
formerly celebrated for its unchanging color. — Toone. — 
Halliwell. 

TRuE'-BORN, a. [true and born.] Of genuine birth ; hav- 
ing a right by birth to any title. — Shak. 

TRUE-BRED, a. 1. Of a genuine or right breed.— Dryden. 
2. Being of genuine breeding or education. 

TRCE'-HEaRT-ED, a. [true and heart.] Being of a faith- 
ful heart ; honest ; sincere ; not faithless or deceitful. 

TRfJE'-HEXRT-ED-NESS, n. Fidelity ; loyalty ; sincerity. 

TRuE'-L6VE (trii'-luv), n. [true and love.] 1. One really 
beloved. 2. A plant, the herb Paris. 

TRuE'-LoVE'KNOT (tru'-luv-not), n. A knot composed 
of lines united with many involutions ; the emblem of in- 
terwoven affection or engagements. 

TRuE'-PEN-NY, n. [true and penny.] A familiar phrase for 
an honest fellow. — Bacon. 

TRuE-NESS, n. 1. Faithfulness; sincerity. 2. Reality; 
genuineness. 3. Exactness. 

* TRUF'FLE (tru'fl), n. [Fr. truffe ; Sp. trufa.] A kind of 
fungus (the tuber cibarium), about the size of an apple, of 
a strong, peculiar smell, and much esteemed as giving 
flavor to food in cookery. It grows in clusters, without 
any stem, some inches below the surface of the ground, 
and dogs or hogs are trained to discover it by the scent. — 
Encyc. Bom. Econ. 

TRuF'FLE-WoRM, n. A worm found in truffles. 

TRUG, n. A hod. [This is our trough and tray ; the pro- 
nunciation being retained in some parts of England.] 

TRu'ISM, n. An undoubted or self-evident truth. 

TRULL, n. [ W. troliaw.] A low, vagrant strumpet. 

TRUL-LI-Zl'TION, n. [L. trullisso.] The laying of strata 
of plaster with a trowel. 

TRu'LY, adv. 1. In fact ; in deed ; in reality. 2. Accord- 
ing to truth ; in agreement with fact. 3. Sincerely ; hon- 
estly; really; faithfully. 4. Exactly; justly. 

TRUMP, v. t. 1. To take with a trump card. 2. [Fr. tromp- 
er.] To obtrude; also, to deceive; [obs.] — To trump up, 
to devise ; to seek and collect from every quarter. 

T.RUMP, v. i. To blow a trumpet.— Wicliffe. 

TRUMP, n. [It. tromba; Gaelic trompa.] 1. A trumpet; a 
wind instrument of music a poetical word used for 
trumpet. 2. [contracted from triumph; It. trionfo; Fr. 
iriomphe.] A winning card ; one of the suit of cards which 
takes any of the other suits. 3. An old game with cards. 



— To put to the trumps, or to put on the trumps, to reduce tc> 
the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion of power 

TRUMP'-LlKE, a. Resembling a trumpet.— Cliapman. 

TRUMPJ5D (trumpt), pp. Taken with a trump card. 

TRUMP'ER-Y, n. [Fr. tromperie.] I. Falsehood; empty 
talk.— Raleigh. 2. Useless matter ; things worn out and 
cast aside. 

TRUMP'ET, n. [Fr. trompette ; G. trompete ; D., Sw. trompet , 
Dan. trompette; Arm. trompett.] 1. A wind instrument of 
music, used chiefly in war and military exercises. It con- 
sists of a long metallic tube, with a bell-shaped opening at 
one end, fcr the emission of sound. 2. An instrument for 
conveying or receiving articulate sounds with increased 
force, called in the former case a speaking-trumpet, and in 
the latter an ear-trumpet. — 3. In the military style, a trump- 
eter. 4. One who praises or propagates praise, or is the 
instrument of propagating it. 

TRUMP'ET, v. t. To publish by sound of trumpet ; also, to 
proclaim. 

TRUMP'ET-CALL. n. A call at the sound of the trumpet- 

TRUMP'ET-FISH, n. A sea-fish, so named from its tubular 
muzzle ; the centriscus scolopax ; called, also, the sea-snipe. 

TRUMP'ET-FLOW-ER, n. A name of certain flowers of 
the genera bignonia tecoma and lonicera, from, their shape. 

TRUMP'ET-H6N'EY-SUCK-LE (-sulci), n. A twining plant, 
of the honey-suckle kind, with trumpet-shaped flowers. 

TRUMP'ET-SHELL, n. The name of a genus of univalvu- 
lar shells, of the form of a trumpet— Cyc. 

TRUMP'ET-T6NGUjGD (-tungd), a. Having a tongue vo 
ciferous as a trumpet. — Shak. 

TRUMP'ET-ED, pp. Sounded abroad ; proclaimed. 

TRUMP'ET-ER, n. 1. One who sounds a trumpet. 2. One 
who proclaims, publishes, or denounces. 3. A bird, a va 
riety of the domestic pigeon. Also, a bird of tropical 
America, sometimes domesticated, and somewhat resem- 
bling both the pheasant and the crane ; so called from its 
peculiar note. 

TRUMP'ET-ING, ppr. Blowing the trumpet; proclaiming. 

TRUMPING, ppr. Taking with a trump card. 

TRUNCAL, a. Pertaining to the trunk or body. 

TRUNCATE, v. t. [L. trunco ; Fr. trancher.] To cut off; to 
lop ; to maim. 

TRUNCATE, a. In botany, appearing as if cut off at the 
tip ; ending in a transverse line. — Marty n. 

TRUNG'A-TED, pp. or a. 1. Cut off; cut short; maimed. 
— 2. In mineralogy, replaced by a plane equally inclined 
to the adjoining faces. — Dana. 

TRUNC'A-TING, ppr. Cutting off. 

TRUN-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of lopping or cutting oft. 
2. The state of being truncated. 

TRUN'cHEON (trun'shun), n. [Fr. troncon; L. truncus.) 
1. A short staff; a club ; a cudgel. 2. A baton, or militar3 
staff of command. 3. A name given to stout stems of 
trees, with the branches lopped off, to produce rapio 
growth. — Gardner. 

TRUN'cHEON (trun'shun), v. t. To beat with a truncheon ; 
to cudgel. — Shak. 

TRUN-CHEON-EER', n. A person armed with a truncheon 

TRUN'DLE (trun'dl), v. i. [Sax. trcendle, trendle ; Dan., Sw. 
trind.] 1. To roll, as on little wheels. 2. To roll as * 
hoop. 

TRUN'DLE, v. t. To roll, as a thing on little wheels 

TRUN'DLE, n. A round body ; a little wheel, or a kind of 
low cart, with small wooden wheels. 

TRUN'DLE-BED, n. A bed that is moved on trundles or 
little wheels ; called, also, truckle-bed. 

TRUN'DLE-HeAD, n. The wheel that turns a mill-stone. 

TRUN'DLE-TaIL, n. A round tail ; a dog so called from 
his tail. — Shak. 

TRUNDLED, pp. Rolled. 

TRUN'DLING, ppr. Rolling, as a thing on little wheels. 

TRUNK, n. [Fr. tronc ; It. troncone ; Sp. tronco ; L. truncus.] 
1. The stem or body of a tree. 2. The body of an animaJ 
without the limbs. 3. The main body of any thing. 4. 
The snout or proboscis of an elephant ; the limb or instru- 
ment with which he feeds himself. 5. The proboscis of 
an insect ; [obs.] 6. That segment of the body of an in- 
sect which is between the head and abdomen, and bears 
the organs of motion. — 7. In architecture, the shaft of a col 
umn. 8. A long tube through which pellets of clay are 
blown. 9. A box or chest covered with skin, for contain- 
ing clothes, &c. 10. A water-course made of planks, and 
generally to conduct the water from the race to the wa 
ter-wheel. 

t TRUNK, v.J. To lop off; to curtail ; to truncate. 

TRUNK -HoSE, n. Large breeches, formerly worn. 

TRUNKS D (trunkt), pp. 1. Cut off ; curtailed ; [obs.] 2. 
Having a trunk. 

TRUN'NION (trun'yun), n. [Fr. trognon.] The trunnion* 



of a cannon are two knobs which project from its oppo- 
to support it on the cheeks of the 
carriage. 



site sides, and serve to support 
carriage. 
TRUN'NION-PLITE, n. The trunnion-plates are two plates 



See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c, long.— a, e, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE. B1RI ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



TRb 



1055 



TUB 



In guns, heavy traveling-carriages, mortars, and howitzers, 
which cover the upper parts of the side-pieces, and go un- 
der the trunnions. 

TRUN'NION-RING, n. A ring on a cannon next before the 
trunnions. 

TRu'SION (tru'zhun), n. [L. trudo.] The act of pushing or 
thrusting. — Bentley. 

TRUSS, n. [Fr. trousse; Dan. trosse; Sw. tross.] 1. In a 
general sense, a bundle ; as, a truss of hay or straw. — 2. In 
surgery, a bandage or apparatus used in cases of hernia 
or rupture, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder fur- 
ther protrusion, and for other purposes. — 3. Among bota- 
nists, a truss or bunch is a tuft of flowers formed at the top 
of the main stalk or stem of certain plants. — 4. In naviga- 
tion, the rope used to keep the center of a yard to the 
mast. — 5. In architecture, a framed assemblage of timbers 
for fastening or binding a beam, or for supporting a roof, 
&c. 6. See Tkouse. 

TRUSS, v. t. 1. To bind or pack close. 2. To skewer ; to 
make fast. — To truss up, to strain ; to make close or tight. 

TRUSSED (trust), pp. Packed or bound closely. 

TRUSSING, ppr. Packing or binding closely. 

TRUST, n. [Dan. trust, truster ; Sw. trost.] 1. A reliance or 
resting of the mind, on the integrity, veracity, justice, 
friendship, or other sound principle of another person. 
2. He or that which is the ground of confidence. 3. Charge 
received in confidence. 4. That which is committed to 
one's care. 5. Confident opinion of any event 6. Credit 
given without examination. 7. Credit on promise of pay- 
ment, actual or implied. 8. Something committed to a 
person's care for use or management, and for which an 
account must be rendered. 9. Confidence ; special reli- 
ance on supposed honesty. 10. State of him to whom 
something is intrusted. 11. Care ; management. — 1 Tim., 
vi. — 12. In law, an estate, devised or granted in confidence 
that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of 
the profits, at the will or for the benefit of another ; an es- 
tate held for the use of another. — Syn. Confidence ; be- 
lief; faith; hope; expectation. 

TRUST, v. t. 1. To place confidence in ; to rely on. 2. To 
believe ; to credit. 3. To commit to the care of, in confi- 
dence ; to intrust. 4. To venture confidently. 5. To give 
credit to ; to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future 
payment 

TRUST, v . i. 1. To be confident of something present or 
future. 2. To be credulous ; to be won to confidence. 

TRUST-W6R-THI-NESS (-wur'fhe-), n. Quality of being 
trust-worthv. 

TRUST'-WoR-THY, a. Worthy of trust or confidence. 

TRUSTED, pp. 1. Confided in ; relied on ; depended on. 

2. Sold on credit as goods or property. 3. Delivered in 
confidence to the care of another. 

TRUST-EE', n. A person to whom property is legally 

committed in trust to be applied either for the benefit of 

specified individuals or for public uses. 
TRUST'ER, n. One who trusts or gives credit 
TRUSTFUL, a. Faithful. 
TRUST'FUL-LY, adv. In a trustful manner. 
TRUSTFUL-NESS, n. Faithfulness. 
TRUSTI-LY, adv. Faithfully ; honestly ; with fidelity. 
TRUSTI-NESS, n. That quality of a person by which he 

deserves the confidence of others ; fidelity ; faithfulness ; 

honesty. 
TRUSTING, ppr. Confiding in ; giving credit 
TRUSTING-LY, adv. With trust or implicit confidence. 
TRUSTLESS, a. Not worthy of trust ; unfaithful. 
TRUSTLESS-NESS, n. Unworthiness of trust 
TRUSTY, a. 1. That may be safely trusted ; that justly 

deserves confidence ; fit to be confided in ; faithful. 2. 

That will not fail ; strong ; firm. 
TRUTH, n. [Sax. treowth ; Ger. treue.] 1. Conformity to 

fact or reality ; exact accordance with that which is, or 

has been, or shall be. 2. True state of facts or things. 

3. Conformity of words to thoughts, which is called moral 
truth. 4. Veracity; purity from falsehood; practice of 
speaking truth ; habitual disposition to speak truth. 5. 
Correct opinion. 6. Fidelity; constancy. 7. Honesty; 
virtue. 8. Exactness ; conformity to rule ; [obs.] 9. Real 
fact or just principle ; real state of things. 10. Sincerity. 
John, iv. — 11. The truth of God is his veracity and faith- 
fulness. — Psa. lxxi. — 12. Jesus Christ is called the truth. — 
John, xiv. 13. It is sometimes used by way of conces- 
sion. — In truth, in reality ; in fact. — Of a truth, in reality ; 
certainly 

TRuTH'-SPeAK-ING, a. Uttering truth. 
TRtlTH'-TELL-ER, n. One who tells the truth. 
TRUTHFUL, a. Full of truth.— Barrington. 
TRuTH'FUL-LY, adv. In a truthful manner. 
TRuTHFUL-NESS, n. The state oi being true, or the 

truth. 
TRUTHLESS, a. 1. Wanting truth. 2. Faithless. 
TRtJTH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being truthless. 
f TRU-TI-NITION, n. [L. trutina.] The act of weighing. 



TRUT-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. trutta.) Pertaining to the trout: 
belonging to the trout kind. 

TRY, v. i. [This word is from the root of Dan. trehker, to 
draw, or tryhker, Sw. trycka, to press.] To exert strength ; 
to endeavor ; to make an eflbrt ; to attempt. 

TRY, v. t. 1. To examine ; to make experiment on ; to 
prove by experiment. 2. To experience ; to have knowl- 
edge by experience of. 3. To prove by a test. 4. To act 
upon ns a test. 5. To examine judicially by witnesses 
and the principles of law. 6. To essay ; to attempt. 7. 
To purify ; to refine ; as, silver seven times tried. 8. To 
search carefully into.— Psa. xi. 9. To use as means. 10. 
To strain ; as, to try the eyes. — To try tallow, &c., ia to 
melt and separate it from the membranes.— To try on, to 
put on an article of dress, to see if it fits the person.— To 
try out, to pursue efforts till a decision is obtained. 

TRY, «._ A trial.— Shah 

TRy'-SaIL, n. A sail, sometimes called a spencer, eet on 
the fore and main masts, and rigged like a spanker on the 
mizzen. It is useful in a gale, &c. 

TRy'GON, n. [Gr. rpvywv, a sort of fish.] The name of a 
genus of fishes, to which the sting-ray belongs. 

TRYING, ppr. 1. Exerting strength ; attempting. 2. Ex- 
amining by searching or comparison with a test ; proving ; 
using ; straining, &c. 3. a. Adapted to try, or put to se- 
vere trial. 

TRyST, n. 1. An appointed meeting. 2. An assignation. 
[Scottish.] 

TRYSTING, a. Pertaining to a tryst ; as, a trysting place , 
a trysting tree. [Scottish.'] 

TUB, n. [D. tobbe; Ger. zuber; Gaelic tubag.] 1. An open 
wooden vessel formed with staves, heading, and hoops, 
used for various domestic purposes, as for washing, lor 
making cheese, &c. 2. A state of salivation ; so called be- 
cause the patient was formerly sweated in a tub ; [obs.] 
3. A certain quantity ; as, a tub of tea, which is 60 pounds, 
&c. ; [local.] 4. A wooden vessel in which vegetables are 
planted, for the sake of being movable and set in a house 
in cold weather. 5. A small cask. 

TUB, v. t. To plant or set in a tub. 

TUB'-FaST, n. An old mode of treatment for the venereal 
disease, by sweating in a close place or tub, and fasting. 
— Warburton on Shak. 

TUB'-FISH, n. [tub and fish.] A species of trigla, or gur 
nard, sometimes called the fiying-fish. — Cyc. 

TUB'-MAN, n. In the Exchequer, a barrister so called. 

TUB'BER, n. In Cornwall, a mining instrument, called in 
other places a beele. — Cyc. 

TUB'BING, ppr. Setting in a tub. 

TUB'BY, a. [from tub.] Wanting elasticity of sound ; a 
term in music. 

TUBE, n. [Fr. tube : L. tubus.] 1. A pipe ; a siphon ; a ca- 
nal or conduit ; a hollow cylinder. 2. A vessel of animal 
bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other substance, 
— 3. In botany, the narrow, hollow part of a monopetalous 
corol, by which it is fixed to the receptacle. — 4. In artil- 
lery, an instrument of tin, used in quick firing. 

TuBE, v. t. To furnish with a tube ; as, to tube a spring. 

TuBE'-FORM, a. In the form of a tube. 

TuB12D, pp. Furnished with a tube. 

Tu'BER, n. [L.] In botany, a knob in roots; an under- 
ground, fleshy, rounded expansion of the stem of plants, 
usually containing starchy matter, as the potato or arrow- 
root. — Loudon. 

Tu'BER-CLE (tuTaer-kl), n. [ Fr. tubercule ; L. tuberculum.] 
1. A small push, swelling, or tumor on animal bodies. In 
cutaneous diseases, it is a small, hard, superficial tumor, 
circumscribed and permanent, or suppurating partially. — 
Bateman. A scrofulous or strumous tubercle is a tumor 
containing a curdy and often a little ichorous matter. — 
Tully. 2. A little knob, like a pimple, on plants ; a little 
knob or rough point on the leaves of some lichens, sup- 
posed to be the fructification. 

TU-BER'€U-LAR, 1 a. 1. Full of knobs or tubercles. 9 

TU-BER'CU-LOUS, J Affected with tubercles. 

TU-BER'€U-LATE, a. Having small knobs or tubercles. 

TU-BER-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or bearing tubers. 

TuBE'RoSE or Tu'BER-oSE, n. [a corruption of L. tuber- 
osa, knobby.] A plant with a tuberous root and a IIIIl. 
ceous flower ; the polianthes tuberosa. 

TU-BER-OS'I-TY, n. The state of being knobbed or pro 
tuberant. 

Tu'BER-OUS, a. [from L. tuber.] Knobbed. In botany, 
consisting of roundish, fleshy bodies, or tubers, connected 
into a bunch by intervening threads. 

Tu'BI-€ORN, n. [L. tubus and cornu.] One ot a family of 
ruminant animals, having horns composed of a horny axis 
covered with a horny sheath. 

TuBING, ppr. Furnishing with a tube. 

Tu'Bl-PORE, n. One of a genus of coral zoophytes ; orga> 
pipe coral. The coral consists of a cluster of small tube : 
and has a red color. 

TfJ'BI-PO-RlTE, n. A fossil tubipore. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GFR, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; <S as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TPI as in this. 1 Obsolete 



TUL 



1056 



TUM 



rtJ'BU-LAR, a. [from L. tubus.] Having the form of a tube 
or pipe ; consisting of a pipe ; fistular. 

Tu'BU-La-TED, a., \1. Made in the form of a small tube. 

Tu'BU-LOUS, a. $ —Fife. 2. Furnished with a small 
tube ; as, a tubulated retort. 

Tu'BULE, n. [L. tubulus.] A small pipe or fistular body. 

TD'BU-LI-FORM, a. Having the form of a tube. 

Tu'BU-LOUS, a. 1. Longitudinally hollow. 2. Containing 
tubes ; composed wholly of tubulous fiorets. — 3. In botany, 
having a bell-shaped border, with five reflex segments, 
rising from a tube. 

TUCH, n. A kind of marble.— Herbert. 

TUCK, n. [Gaelic tuca; W. twca.] 1. A long, narrow 
sword ; a rapier. 2. A kind of net. Carcw. — 3. [from 
the verb following.] In a ship, the part where the ends of 
the bottom planks are collected under the stern. 4. A 
horizontal fold made in the garment, to accommodate it to 
the height of a growing person. — Halliwell. 5. A pull ; a 
lugging ; see Tug. 

TUCK, v. t. [G. zucken ; Ir. tucalam.] 1. To thrust or press 
in or together ; to fold under ; to press into a narrower 
compass. 2. To inclose by pushing close around. 3. To 
full, as cloth ; [local.] 

f TU€K, v. i. To contract ; to draw together. — Sharp. 

TUCK'A-HoE, n. A curious vegetable of the Southern 
States on the Atlantic, growing under the surface of the 
ground, like the trutfle of Europe. Sometimes called In- 
dian bread or Indian loaf. — Farm. Encijc. 

TUCKED (tukt), pp. Pressed in or together. 

TUCK'ER, n. 1. A small piece of linen for shading the 
breast of women. 2. A fuller, whence the name ; [local.] 

TUCK'ET, n. [It. tocato.] 1. A slight flourish on a trumpet. 
— Halliwell. 2. [It. tocchetto.] A steak ; a collop. 

TUCK'ET-So-NANCE, n. The sound of the tucket— Shah. 

TUCK'ING, ppr. Pressing under or together ; folding. 

TOE'FALL, n. A building with a sloping roof on one side 
only. [England.] 

TUESDAY (tuze'de), n. [Sw. Tisdag ; Dan. Tirsdag ; D. 
Dingsdag ; G. Dingstag ; Sax. Tiwasdag or Tuesdag, 
from Tig, Tag, or Tuisco, Mars.] The third day of the 
week. 

Tfj'FA, In. [It. tufo ; Fr. tuf; G. tof] 1. A soft or porous 

TUFF, 5 stone formed by depositions from water, usually 
calcareous. 2. A volcanic sand rock, rather friable, form- 
ed of agglutinated volcanic earth or scoria ; also, a similar 
rock of trap or basaltic material. — Dana. 

TU-Fl'CEOUS (tu-fa'shus), a. Pertaining to tufa; consist- 
ing of tufa, or resembling it. 

TUFF, 7i. See Tufa. 

TUF-FOON', 7i. [a corruption of typhoon.] A violent tem- 
pest or tornado, frequent in the Chinese Sea. See Ty- 
phoon. 

TUFT, n. [W. tiof; Fr. touffe, toupet ; Sw. tofs ; Sp. tupe.] 
1. A collection of small things in a knot or bunch. 2. A 
cluster ; a clump. — 3. In botany, a head of flowers, each 
elevated on a partial stalk, and all forming together a 
dense, roundish mass. 

TUFT, v. t. 1. To separate into tufts. 2. To adorn with 
tufts or with a tuft. — Thomson. 

TUFT'-HUNT-ER, n. A cant term in the English universi- 
ties for a hanger-on to noblemen and persons of quality. 
So called from the tuft in the cap of the latter. — Halliwell. 

f TUF-TAF'FE-TA, n. A villous kind of silk. 

TUFTED, pp. or a. Adorned with a tuft; as, the tufted 
duck ; growing in a tuft or clusters. — Pope. 

TUFTING, ppr. Separating into tufts ; adorning with tufts. 

TUFTY, a. Abounding with tufts ; growing in clusters ; 
bushy. — Thojuson. 

TUG, v. t. [Sax. teogan, teon ; Fr. touer.] 1. To pull or 
draw with great effort ; to drag along with continued ex- 
ertion ; to haul alona:. 2. To pull ; to pluck. 

TUG, v. i. 1. To pull with great effort. 2. To labor ; to 
strive ; to struggle. — Howe ; [not elegant.] 

1 UG, n. [G. zug.] 1. A pull with the utmost effort. 2. A 
6ort of carriage. 3. A steam-vessel used to tow ships ; a 
steam-tug. — 4. In some parts of New England, the traces 
of a harness are called tugs. 

TUGGED (tugd), pp. Pulled with great effort. 

TUG'GER n. One who tugs or pulls with great effort. 

TUG'GING, ppr. Pulling with great exertion ; hauling. 

TUG'GING, n. Laborious pulling. 

TUG'GING-LY, adv. With laborious pulling.— Bailey. 

TU-I"TION (tu-ish'un), n. [L. tuitio.] 1. Guardianship ; su- 
perintending care over a young person ; the particular 
watch and care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or 
ward. — 2. More especially, instruction ; the act or business 
of teaching the various branches of learning. 3. The 
money paid for instruction. 

TU-I"TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to tuition. 

Tu'LIP, n. [Fr. tulipe ; L. tulipa ; It. tulipano ; Sp. tulipan ; 
D. tulp.] A bulbous plant and a flower of the genus tulipa, 
much cultivated for the beauty of the flowers. 

TO'LIP-TREE, n. An American tree, growing to a large 



size, and bearing flowers like the tulip ; also called white- 
wood. 

TO-LIP-O-Ma'NI-A, n. A violent passion for the acquisition 
or cultivation of tulips. 

TuLLE, n. [Fr.] A kind of silk open-work or lace. 

TUL'LI-AN, a. Belonging to Tully, or Cicero. 

TUM'BLE (tumTjl), v. i. [Sax. tumbian ; Sw. tumia ; Dan. 
tumler ; Fr. tomber ; Sp. tumbar ; G. taumeln.] 1. Ti 
roll ; to roll about by turning one way and the other, z. 
To fall ; to come down suddenly and violently. 3. To 
roll down. 4. To play mountebank tricks by various li- 
brations and movements of the body. 

TUM'BLE, v. t. 1. To turn over ; to turn or throw about 
for examination or searching. 2. To disturb ; to rumple. 

TUM'BLE, 7i. A fall.— L' Estrange. 

TUM'BLED (tum'bld), pp. Rolled; disturbed; rumpled , 
thrown down. 

TUM'BLER, n. 1. One who tumbles ; one who plays the 
tricks of a mountebank. 2. A large drinking glass. 3. A 
variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from its practice 
of tumbling or turning over in flight. 4. A sort of dog, so 
called from its practice of tumbling before it attacks its 
prey. — Swan. 

TUM'BLING, ppr. Rolling about; falling; rumphng; dis 
turbing. — Tumbling home, among seamen, applied to the 
sides of a vessel when they incline inward above thft 
bends or extreme breadth. — Totten. 

TUM'BLING, n. The act of tumbling ; the performances 
of a tumbler. _ 

TUM'BLING-BaY, n. In a canal, an overfall or weir. 

TUM'BREL, n. [Fr. tombereau.] 1. A ducking-stool for the 
punishment of scolds. 2. A rough cart ; a dung-cart. 3. 
A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies 
troops or artillery, for conveying the tools of pioneers, 
cartridges, and the like. 

TUM'BRIL, n. A contrivance of the basket kind, or a kind 
of cage of osiers, willows, &c, for keeping hay and other 
food for sheep. 

TU-ME-F ACTION, n. [L. tumefacio.] The act or process 
of swelling or rising into a tumor ; a tumor ; a swelling. 

Tu'ME-FIjBD, pp. or a. [from tumefy.] Swelled ; enlarged. 

Tu'ME-FY, v. t. [L. tumefacio ; tumidus, tumeo, and facio 1 
To swell, or cause to swell. 

Tu'ME-FY, v. i. To swell ; to rise in a tumor. 

Tu'ME-FY-ING, ppr. Swelling ; rising in a tumor. 

Tu'MID, a. [L. tumidus.] 1. Being swelled, enlarged, or 
distended. 2. Protuberant ; rising above the level. 3. 
Swelling in sound or sense ; falsely sublime. — Syn. Bom- 
bastic ; pompous ; puffy ; turgid. 

Tu'MID-LY, adv. In a swelling form. 

Tu'MID-NESS, n. A swelling or swelled state. 

Tu'MOR, n. [L.] 1. In surgery, a swelling ; a morbid en- 
largement of any part of the body. 2. Affected pomp ; 
bombast in language ; swelling words or expressions ; 
false magnificence or sublimity.— Wotton ; [little used.] 

Tu'MOR ED, a. Distended; swelled. — Junius. 

TO'MOR-OUS, a. 1. Swelling; protuberant.— Wctton. 2. 
Vainly pompous ; bombastic, as language or style , [rare.] 

TUMP, n. A little hillock. 

TUMP, v. t. [W. twmp ; L. tumulus.] In gardening, to form 
a mass of earth or a hillock round a plant. 

TUMPED (tumpt),pj7. Surrounded with a hillock of earth. 

TUMP'ING, ppr. Raising a mass of earth round a plant. 

Tu'MU-LAR, a. [L. tumulus.] Consisting in a heap ; form- 
ed or beinc: in a heap or hillock. — Pinkerton. 

t Tu'MU-Ll'f E, v. L To swell. 

TU-MU-LOS'I-TY, n. Hilliness.— Bailey. 

TU'MU-LOUS, a. [L. tumulosus.] Full of hills.— Bailey. 

Tu'MULT, n. [L. tumultus.] 1. The commotion, disturb- 
ance, or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied 
with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices. 2. Vi- 
olent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds. 
3. Agitation ; high excitement ; irregular or confused mo- 
tion. — Syn. Uproar; ferment; disturbance; combustion, 
turbulence ; disorder ; confusion ; noise ; bluster ; hub- 
bub ; bustle ; stir ; brawl ; riot. 

Tu'MULT, v. i. To make a tumult ; to be in great commo- 
tion. — Milton. 

t Tu'MULT-ER, n. One who makes a tumult.— Milton. 

TU-MULTU-A-RI-L Y, adv. [from tumultuary.] In a tumult- 
uary or disorderly manner. 

TU-MULTU-A-RI-NESS, n. Disorderly or tumultuous con- 
duct ; turbulence ; disposition to tumult. — K. diaries. 

TU-MULT'U-A-RY, a. [Fr. tumultuaire.] 1. Disorderly, 
promiscuous ; confused. 2. Restless ; agitated ; unquiet. 

f TU-MULTU-aTE, v. i. [L. tumultuo.] To make a tumult 

TU-MULT-U-a'TION, n. Commotion; irregular or disor- 
derly movement.— Boyle. 

TU-MULT'U-OUS, n. [Fr. tumultueux.] 1. Conducted with 
tumult. 2. Greatly agitated, as an assembly. 3. Full of 
tumult and disorder.— Syn. Disorderly; irregular; noisy; 
confused ; turbulent ; violent ; agitated ; disturbed ; bois- 
terous ; lawless ; riotous ; seditious. 



See Synopsis. 1 E. f, fee, long.—K, E, f, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE. BIRD :— MoVE, BOOK. 



TUN 



1057 



TUR 



TU-MULTU-OUSLY, adv. In a disorderly manner; by a 
disorderly multitude. 

TU-MULTU-OUS-NESS, re. The state of being tumultu- 
ous ; disorder ; commotion ; turbulence ; confusion. 

Tu'MU-LUS, re. [L.] An artificial hillock raised over those 
who were buried in ancient times. Hence tomb. 

TUN, re. [Sax., Sw. tunna ; Fr. tonne, tonneau ; Ir. tonna ; 
G. tonne. ; D. ton.] 1. In a general sense, a large cask ; an 
oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or punch- 
eon, and girt with hoops. 2. A certain measure for liquids, 
as for wine, oil, <fcc. 3. A quantity of wine, consisting of 
two pipes or four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. — 4. In com- 
merce, the weight of twenty hundreds gross, each hundred 
consisting of 112 Z6s.=2240 lbs. In some states the tun or ton 
is 2000 pounds. 5. A certain weight by which the burden 
of a ship is estimated. 6. A certain quantity of timber, 
consisting of forty solid feet if round, or fifty-four feet if 
square. — 7. Proverbially, a large quantity. — 8. In burlesque, 
a drunkard. 9. At the end of names, tu?i, ton, or don sig- 
nifies town, village, or hill. 

TUN, v. t. To put into casks.— Bacon.— Boyle. 

TUN'-BEL-LI.ED, a. Having a large, protuberant belly. 

TUN'-DISH, re. [tun and disk.] A tunnel. 

TuNA-BLE, a. [from tune.] ' 1. Harmonious ; musical. 2. 
That may be put in tune. 

TC'NA-BLE-NESS, n. Harmony ; melodiousness. 

TuN'A-BLY, adv. Harmoniously ; musically. 

TuNE, n. [Fr. ton ; It. tuono ; D. toon ; W. ton ; Ir. tona ; 
L.toyms.] 1. A series of musical notes in some particular 
measure, and consisting of a single series, for one voice or 
instrument, the effect of which is melody. 2. Sound ; 
note. 3. Harmony ; order ; concert of parts. 4. The 
state of giving the proper sounds. 5. Proper state for use 
or application ; right disposition ; fit temper or humor. 

TONE, v. t. 1. To put into a state adapted to produce the 
proper sounds. 2. To sing with melody or harmony. 3. 
To put into a state proper for any purpose ; [little used.] 

TONE, v. i. 1. To form one sound to another. 2. To utter 
inarticulate harmony with the voice. 

TON-ED, pp. Uttered melodiously or harmoniously ; put in 
order to produce the proper sounds. 

TONE'FUL, a. Harmonious ; melodious ; musical. — Dryden. 

TONE'FUL-LY, adv. Harmoniously ; musically. 

TONE'LESS, a. 1. Unmusical ; unharmonious. 2. Not em- 
ployed in making music ; as, a tuneless harp. 

TON'ER, re. 1. One who tunes.— Shak. 2. One whose oc- 
cupation is to tune musical instruments. 

TUNG'STATE, re. A salt formed of tungstic acid and a base. 

TUNGSTEN, re. [Sw., Dan. tung and sten.] 1. A metal of 
a grayish color, discovered by D'Elhuyart in 1781. It is 
brittle, nearly as hard as steel, and less fusible than man- 
ganese. Its specific gravity is near 17-6. 2. The mineral 
tumrstate of lime ; [obs.] 

t TUNG-STEN'IC, a. Pertaining to tungsten. 

TUNG'STIG ACID, re. An acid composed of one equiva- 
lent of tungsten and three of oxygen. 

Tu'NIG, n. [Fr. tunique ; L. tunica.] 1. An under garment 
worn by both sexes in ancient Rome and the East, reach- 
ing to or below the knees. — 2. In the Roman Catholic 
Church, a long under garment worn by the officiating 
clergy. — 3. In anatomy, a membrane that covers or com~- 
poses some part or organ. 4. A natural covering ; an in- 
tegument. 

T0'NI€-A-RY, re. [from tunic] An animal of the molluscan 
tribe, enveloped with a double tunic. — Kirby. 

Tu'NIG-A-TED, a. In botany, covered with a tunic or mem- 
brane ; coated. 

Tu'NI-€LE, re.. A natural covering ; an integument. 

TONING, ppr. Uttering harmoniously or melodiously ; 
putting in due order for making the proper sounds. 

TCNTNG-FORK, re. A steel instrument consisting of two 
prongs and a handle, used for tuning instruments. 

TuN'ING-HAM-MER, re. An instrument for tuning instru- 
ments of music. — Busby. 

TUNK'ER, re. [G. tunken.] The Tunkcrs are a sect of 
Baptists in Pennsylvania, of German origin, also called 
Dunkers. 

TUN'NAGE, re. 1. The amount of tuns that a ship will carry ; 
the content or burden of a ship. 2. The duty charged on 
ships according to their burden, or the number of tuns at 
which they are rated. 3. A duty laid on liquors accord- 
ing to their measure. 4. A duty paid to mariners by mer- 
chants for unloading their ships, after a rate by the tun. 5. 
The whole amount of shipping, estimated by the tuns. 

TUN'NEL, re. [Fr. tonnelle.] 1. A vessel with a broad mouth 
at one end, and a pipe or tube at the other, for convey- 
ing liquor into casks, bottles, &c. 2. The opening of" a 
chimney for the passage of smoke ; called, generally, a 
funnel. ° An artiriciararch or passage for conducting ca- 
nals or rail-roads under elevated ground, for the formation 
of roads under rivers or canals, and the construction of 
sewers, drains, &c. — Hcbcrt. 
TUN'NEL, v. t. 1. To form like a tunnel. 2. To catch iu a 



net called a tunnel-net 3. To form with net-work. 4. 
To make an opening or way for passage through a hill or 
mountain, or under a river. 

TUN'NEL-KILN, n. A lime-kiln in which coal is burned. 

TUN'NEL-NET, re. A net with a wide mouth at one end 
and narrow at the other. — Cyc. 

TUNNEL-PIT, re. A shaft sunk from the top of the ground 
to the level of an intended tunnel, lor drawing up the 
earth and stones. 

TUN'NEL£D, pp. Formed like a ruunel ; penetrated by an 
artificial opening for a passage. 

TUN'NEL-ING,^/-. Forming like a tunnel ; penetrating by 
a subterraneous passage. 

TUNNING, ppr. Putting into casks. 

TUN'NY, re. [It. tonno ; Fr. thon; G. thunfisch ; L. thynnus.] 
A fish allied to the mackerel, but much larger, valued for 
food. Tunnies weighing one thousand pounds are not 
rare in the Mediterranean. — Jardine's Nat. Lib. 

TUP, re. A ram. [Local] 

TUP, v. t. [Gr. rvn-rw.] 1. To but as a ram ; [local] 2. 
To cover as a ram. — Shak. 

TUP'-MAN, re. A man who deals in tups. [Local] 

Tu'PE-LO, re. A North American tree of the genus nyssa. 
Some of the species are called black-gum, sour-gum, gum- 
tree, &c. 

TUR'BAN, re. [Ar.] 1. A head-dress worn by the Orientals, 
consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl wound 
around it. The term is also applied to a head-dress worn 
by ladies. — 2. In conchology, the whole set of whirls of a 
shell. 

TUR'BAN-CROWN.ED a. Crowned with a turban.— West. 
Review. 

TUR'BAN-SHELL, re. A popular name given to echini, or 
sea-urchins, when deprived of their 6pines, from some re- 
semblance to a turban. — Dana. 

TUR'BAN-TOP, re. An agaric or mushroom of the genus 
helvella. 

TUR'BANjED, a. Wearing a turban.— Shak. 

TUR'BA-RY, re. [from turf; Latinized, turbaria.] 1. In law, 
a right of digging turf on another man's land. 2. The 
place where turf is dug. — Cowel. 

TUR'BID, a. [L. turbidus.] Properly, having the lees dis 
turbed ; but in a more general sense, muddy ; foul with ex 
traneous matter ; thick, not clear. 

t TUR'BID-LY, adv. Proudly ; haughtily ; [a Latin ism.] 

TUR'BID-NESS, re. Muddiness ; foulness. 

TUR-BILL'ION, re. Fr. tourbillon.] A whirl ; a vortex. 

TUR'BIN-ATE, \ a. [L. turbinatus.] 1. In conchology, spi 

TUR'BIN-A-TED, J raL or wreathed comically from a lar- 
ger base to a kind of apex. — 2. In botany, shaped like a 
top or cone inverted ; narrow at the base, and broad at 
the apex_. 3. Whirling ; [little used.] 

TUR-BIN-A'TION, re. The act of spinning or whirling as a 
top. 

t TUR'BIN-lTE, ) re. A petrified shell of the genus turbo.— 

t TUR'BITE, 5 Kirwan. 

TUR'BIT, n. 1. A variety of the domestic pigeon, remark- 
able for its short beak. 2. The turbot. 

TUR'BITH, re. An incorrect spelling of turpeth, which see. 

TUR'BOT, re. [Fr.] A flat-fish with a body nearly circular, 
much used for food. It grows to the weight of twenty or 
thirty pounds. 

TUR'BU-LENCE. ) n. 1. A disturbed state ; a state of vio- 

TUR'BU-LEN-CY, S lent commotion. 2. Disorder or vio- 
lent excitement of the passions. 3. Disposition to resist 
authority. — Syn. Agitation ; tumult ; tumultuousness ; tur- 
masance : unruliness ; insubordination ; rioting. 

TUR/BU-LENT, a. [L. turbulentus.] 1. Being in violent com- ■ 
motion. 2. Restless ; disposed to insubordination and dis- 
order. 3. Producing commotion.— Syn. Disturbed; agi- 
tated ; tumultuous ; riotous ; seditious. 

TUR'BU-LENT-LY, adv. Tumultously ; with violent agi 
tation ; with refractoriness. 

* TUR'CISM, re. The reli^on of the Turks. 

TUR'COIS. re. See Tuekois. 

TU-REEN', re. A vessel for holdine soup. 

TURF, re. [Sax. tyrf; D. turf; G., Sw. torf] 1. That upper 
stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled with 
the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere 
and form a kind of mat. 2. Peat ; a peculiar kind of black 
ish, fibrous, vegetable, earthy substance, used as fuel. "* 
Race-ground, or horse-racing. 

TURF, v. t. To cover with turf or sod. 

TURF'-€LAD, a. Covered with turf. 

TURF -C6V-ER.ED (-kuv'erd), a. Covered with turf. 

TURF'-DRaIN, re. A drain filled with turf or peat. 

TURF-HED6E, re. A hedge or fence formed with turf &a4 
plants of different kinds. — Cyc. 

TURF'-HOUSE, a, A bouse or shed formed of turf. 

TURF'-MOSS, n. A tract of turfy, mossy, or bossy land. 

TURF'-SPaDE, re. A spade for cutting and digging turC 
longer and narrower than the common spade — Cyc 

TURFED, pp. Covered with turf or green sod. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
X x x 



TCJR 



1058 



TUR 



rURF'^N, a. Made of turf; covered with turf. 

TURF'I-NESS, 11. The state of abounding with turf, or of 
having the consistence or qualities of turL 

TURFING, ppr. Covering with turf. 

TURFING, n. The operation of laying down turf, or cov- 
ering with_turf. 

TURF'ING-I-RON, n. An implement for paring off turf. 

TURF'ING-SPaDE, n. An instrument for under-cutting 
turf when marked out by the plow. — Cyc. 

TURF'Y, a. 1. Abounding with turf. 2. Having the qualities 
of turf. 

TUR'ftENT, a. [L. turgens.] Swelling ; tumid ; rising into 
a tumor or puffy state. 

TUR-GES'CENCE, > n. [L. turgescens.] 1. The act of swell- 

TUR-gES'CEN-CY, S ing. 2. The state of being swelled. 
3. Empty pompousness ; inflation ; bombast. 

TUR-GES'CENT, a. Swelling; growing big. 

TUR'GlD, a. [L. turgidus.] 1. Swelled ; bloated ; distend- 
ed beyond its natural state by some internal agent or ex- 
pansive force. 2. Swelling in style or language. — Syn. 
Tumid ; pompous ; inflated ; bombastic. 

TUR-G1D'I-TY, it. State of being swelled ; tumidness. 

TUR'GlD-LY, adv. With swelling or empty pomp. 

TUR'GID-NESS, n. 1. A swelling or swelled state of a thing ; 
distension beyond its natural state by some internal force 
or agent, as in a limb. 2. Pompousness ; inflated manner 
of writing or speaking ; bombast. 

TU-RI-O-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. turio and fero.] Producing 
shoots. — Barton. 

TUR'KEY, n. A large gallinaceous fowl, the meleagris gal- 
lopavo, highly prized for food. It is a native of North 
America, but in its domesticated state is found in Europe. 
Another species, the meleagris ocellatus, or ocellated tur- 
key, is found about the Bay of Honduras. 

TUR'KEY-BUZ'ZARD, n. In America, a common species 
of vulture, having a distant resemblance to a turkey. — 
Haldeman. 

TUR'KEY-RED, n. A fine, durable red, dyed with madder 
upon calico or woolen cloth. — Brande. 

TUR'KEY-SToNE, n. Another name for the oil-stone. 

TURKISH, a. Pertaining to the Turks. 

TURKTSH-LY, adv. In the manner of the Turks. 

* TUR-KOlS' (tur-koiz' or tur-keez'), n. [Fr. turquoise; from 
Turkey.] A gem from Persia, of a peculiar bluish green 
color, the finer specimens of which are much admired in 
jewelry. — Dana. 

TURK'S'-CAP, n. A plant of the genus lilium ; also, of the 
genus melocactus. 

TURK'S'-HeAD, n. A name of plants of the genera mam- 
millaria and melocactus. 

TURK'S'-TUR-BAN, n. A plant of the genus ranunculus. 

TUR'LU-PINS, n. pi. In French ecclesiastical history, a nick- 
name for the precursors of the Reformation, correspond- 
ing to Lollards, &c. — Brande. 

TURM, n. [L. turma.] A troop.— Milton. [Not English.] 

TUR'MA-LIN, n. An electric stone. See Tourmalin. 

TUR'MER-IC, n. [It. turtumaglio.] The root of the East 
Indian plant, curcuma longa, which affords a yellow pow- 
der used as a dye stuff and in medicine. The name tur- 
meric is sometimes applied to the sanguinaria Canadensis, 
or blood-root, and to the hydrastis Canadensis. 

• ' TUR-MOIL', n. Disturbance ; tumult ; harassing labor ; 
trouble ; molestation by tumult.— Shak. 

.TUR-MOIL' v. t. 1. To harass with commotion. 2. To dis- 
quiet ; to weary. 

TUR-MOIL', v. i. To be disquieted ; to be in commotion. 

, TUR-MOIL jED', pp. Harassed with commotions. 

"URN, v. t. [Sax. turnan, tyrnan; L. torno ; Fr. tourner.] 
v . To cause to move in a circular course. 2. To change 
>r shift sides ; to put the upper side downward, or one 
Me in the place of the other. 3. To alter, as a position. 
i. To cause to preponderate ; to change the state of a bal- 
ance. 5. To bring the inside out ; as, to turn a garment. 
>. To alter, as the posture of the body, or direction of the 
look. 7. To form on a lathe ; to make round. 8. To form ; 
to shape ; as, " limbs now turned." — Pope. 9. To change ; 
• to transform ; as, to turn evil to good. 10. To metamorph- 
ose. 11. To alter or change, as color. 12. To change or 
. alter in any manner ; to vary. 13. To translate ; as, to 
turn Latin into English. 14. To change, as the manner of 
writing ; as, to turn poetry into prose. 15. To change, as 
from one opinion or party to another. 16. To change in 
regard to inclination or temper. 17. To change or alter 
from one purpose or effect to another. 18. To transfer. 
1.9. To cause to nauseate or loathe; as, to turn one's stom- 
ach. 20. To make giddy.— Pope. 21. To infatuate ; to 
make mad, wild, or enthusiastic ; as, to turn one's brain. 
22. To change direction to or from any point. 23. To di- 
rect by a change to a certain purpose or object ; to direct, 
as the inclination, thoughts, or mind. 24. To revolve ; to 
agitate in the mind, as ideas. 25. To bend from a perpen- 
dicular direction, as the edge of a razor. 26. To move 
from a direct course or straight line ; to cause to deviate. 



27. To apply by a change of use. 28. To reverse. 29 
To keep passing and changing in the course of trade. 30. 
To adapt the mind; as, " well turned for trade."— Addison. 
31. To make acid ; to sour, as wines. 32. To persuade to 
renounce an opinion ; to dissuade from a purpose, or 
cause to change sides. 

To turn aside to avert. — To turn away. 1. To dismiss from 
service ; to discard. 2. To avert. — To turn Mck, to re- 
turn ; [rare.] — To turn down, to fold or double down.— 
To turn in, to fold or double. — To turn off. 1. To dismiss 
contemptuously. 2. To give over ; to resign. 3. To di- 
vert ; to deflect. — To be turned of, to be advanced beyond. 
— To turn out. 1. To drive out ; to expel. 2. To put to 
pasture, as cattle or horses.— To turn over. 1. To change 
sides ; to roll over. 2. To transfer. 3. To open and ex- 
amine one leaf after another. 4. To overset. — To turn to, 
to have recourse to. — To turn upon, to retort ; to throw 
back. — To turn the back, to flee ; to retreat. Ex., xxiii.— 
To turn the back -upon, to quit with contempt ; to forsake. 
— To turn the die or dice, to change fortune. 

TURN, v. i. 1. To move round; to have a circular motion 
2. To be directed. 3. To show regard by directing the 
look toward any thing. 4. To move the body round. 5. 
To remove; to change posture. 6. To deviate. 7. To 
alter ; to be changed or transformed. 8. To become by 
change. 9. To change sides. 10. To change opinions or 
parties. 11. To change the mind or conduct. 12. To 
change to acid. 13. To be brought eventually ; to result 
or terminate in. 14. To depend on for decision. 15. To 
become giddy. 16. To change a course of life ; to repent. 
17. To change the course or direction. 

To turn about, to move the face to another quarter.— To turn 
away. 1. To deviate. 2. To depart from ; to forsake. — 
To turn in. 1. To bend inward. 2. To enter for lodg- 
ings or entertainment. — Gen., xix. 3. To go to bed. To 

turn off, to be diverted ; to deviate from a course.— To 
turn on or upon. 1. To reply or retort. 2. To depend on. 

— To turn out. 1. To move from its place, as a bone. 2. 
To bend outward ; to project. 3. To rise from bed ; also, 
to come abroad. 4. To prove in the result. — To turn 
over. 1. To turn from side to side ; to roll ; to tumble. 
2. To change sides or parties. — To turn to, to be directed. 

— To turn -under, to bend or be folded downward. — To 
turn up, to bend or be doubled upward. 

TURN, n. 1. The act of turning ; movement or motion in a 
circular direction, whether horizontally, vertically, or oth- 
erwise ; a revolution. 2. A winding ; a meandering course ; 
a bend or bending. 3. A walk to and fro. 4. Change ; al- 
teration ; vicissitude. 5. Successive course. 6. Manner 
of proceeding ; change of direction. 7. Chance; hap ; op- 
portunity. 8. Occasion ; incidental opportunity. 9. Time 
at which, by successive vicissitudes, any thing is to be had 
or done. 10. Action of kindness or malice. 11. Reigning 
inclination or course. 12. A step off the ladder at the gal 
lows. 13. Convenience ; occasion ; purpose ; exigence 
14. Form ; cast ; shape ; manner ; [in a literal or figura- 
tive sense.] 15. Manner of arranging words in a sentence. 
16. Change ; new position of things. 17. Change of direc- 
tion. 18. One round of a rope or cord. — 19. In mining, a 
pit sunk in some part of a drift. — 20. Turn, or tourn, in 
law. The sheriff's turn is a court of record held by the 
sheriff twice a year in every hundred within his county ; 
[England.]- -By turns. 1. One after another ; alternately 
2. At intervals. — To take turns, to take each other's places 
alternately. 

TURN'-BENCH, n. A kind of iron lathe.— Moxon. 

TURN'-€AP, n. A chimney-top which turns round with the 
wind. — Francis. 

TURN'-CoAT, n. [turn and coat.] One who forsakes his 
party or principles. — Shak. 

TURN'-OUT, n. [turn and out.] 1. The act of coming forth ; 
a quitting of employment. 2. The place in a rail-way 
where cars turn out of the way. 3. Applied, also, to an 
equipage. 

TURN'-SERV-ING, n. The act or practice of serving one's 
turn or promoting private interest. 

TURN-SICK, a. [turn and sick.] Giddy.— Bacon. 

TURN'-SToNE, n. A bird of the snipe family, named from 
its turning over the small stones in search of mollusks, &c. ; 
also called the sea-dotterel. 

TURN'-Ta-BLE, n. A large revolving platform, for turning 
rail-road cars, locomotives. &c, into a different direction. 
It is also called turn-plate. — Buchanan. 

TURNED, pp. Moved in a circle ; changed. 

TURN'ER, n. One whose occupation is to form things with 
a lathe ; one who turns. 

TURN'ER-ITE, n. A rare mineral, somewhat resembling 
sphene in its crystals. 

TUR-N'ER-Y, n. 1. The art of forming solid substances into 
cylindrical and other forms, by means of a lathe. 2. Things 
made by a turner. 

TURNING, ppr. Moving in a circle ; changing ; winding. 

TURNING, n. 1. A winding; a bending course; flexure; 



' See Synopsis. A, B I, &c, long.— I, E, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BiRD ;— MOVE. BOOK. 



. 



TUT 



1059 



TWE 



meander. 2. Deviation from the way or proper course. 
3. Turnery, or the formation of solid substances into vari- 
ous forms by a lathe. 

TURNING-POINT, n. The point which decides a case. 

tTURNTNG-NESS, n. Quality of turning ; tergiversation. 

TUR'NIP, n. f Sax. nape ; L. napus.] The name of two 
bulbous roots or plants, brassica rapa and brassica campes- 
tris, of great value for food. 

TURN'KeY (-ke), n. One who keeps the ke^s of a prison. 

TURN'PlKE, n. 1. Strictly, a frame consisting of two bars 
crossing each other at right angles, and turning on a post 
or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a 
person to pass between the arms. 2. A gate set across a 
road to stop travelers and carriages till toll is paid for 
keeping the road in repair. 3. A turnpike-road ; [Ameri- 
ca.']— A. In military affairs, a beam filled with spikes, to ob- 
struct passage. — Cyc. 

TURN'PlKE, v. t. To form, as a road, in the manner of a 
turnpike-road ; to throw the path of a road into a rounded 
form.— -Kn owlcs. 

TURN'PiKE-RoAD, n. A road on which turnpikes or toll- 
gates are established by law. — Cyc. 

TURN'PlK.ED,£p. Formed in the manner of a turnpike-road. 

TURN'SOLE, n. [turn, and L. sol.] A plant, the heliotrope, so 
called because its flowers are said to turn toward the sun. 

TURN'SPIT, n. 1. A person who turns a spit. 2. A varie- 
ty of the dog, so called from turning the spit 

TURN'STlLE, n. A revolving frame in a foot-path. 

TUR'PEN-TlNE, n. [L. terebinthina ; Sp., It. trementina; G. 
terpentin.] A transparent, resinous substance flowing from 
several species of trees, as from the pine, larch, fir, &c. 

TUR'PEN-TlNE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus pistacia, a 
native of the Eastern continent It yields turpentine, also 
a horny substance, on leaves which have been punctured 
by an insect. 

TUR'PETH, n. [L. turpetum ; Gr. rovprer.] The root of 
ipomtza turpetkum, a plant of Ceylon. Malabar, and New 
Holland, which has a cathartic power. It is sometimes 
called vegetable turpeth, to distinguish it from mineral tur- 
peth. 

TURTETH-MIN'ER-AL, n. A name applied to the diproto- 
sulphate of mercury, a salt composed of two equivalents of 
the protoxyd of mercury and one equivalent of sulphuric 
acid. It is a good emetic. 

TURTI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. turpitudo.] 1. Inherent baseness 
or vileness of principle in the human heart : extreme de- 
pravity. 2. Baseness or vileness of words or actions ; 
shameful wickedness. 

TUR-QUOISE', n. See Tvrkois.— Shak. 

TUR'REL, n. A tool used by coopers. — Slierwood. 

TUR'RET, n. [h. turris.' 1. A little tower ; a small emi- 
nence or spire attached to a building and rising above it. — 
2. In the art of tear, movable turrets, used formerly by the 
Romans, frere buildings of a square form, consisting often, 
or even twenty stories, commonly made with wheels, and 
used in storming a fortified place. — Smith s Diet. 

TUR'RET-ED, a. 1. Formed like a tower.— Bacon. 2. Fur- 
nished with turrets. 

TUR'RIL-lTE, 7i. A fossil belonging to an extinct genus of 
turreted chambered shells, allied to the Ammonites. — Lyell. 

TURTLE (turitl), n. [Sax. ; Fr. tourterelle ; L. turtur.] 1. 
A gallinaceous bird of the genus columba ; called, also, the 
turtle-dove or turtle-pigeon. 2. The name sometimes given 
to the common tortoise. 3. The name given to the large 
sea-tortoise. 

TURTLE-DOVE, n. A species of dove or pigeon, celebra- 
ted for the constancy of its affection. 

TUR'TLE-SHELL, n. [turtle and shell] A shell, a beautiful 
species of murez ; also, tortoise-shell. 

TUS'€AN, a. Pertaining to Tuscany, in Italy ; an epithet 
given to the simplest order of architecture. 

TUS'€AN, n. An inhabitant of Tuscany. 

TUSH, an exclamation, indicating check or rebuke. 

TUSH, n. [Sax. tux.] A tooth. 

TUSK, n. [Sax. tux.] The long, pointed tooth of certain ra- 
pacious, carnivorous, or fighting animals. 

f TUSK, v. i. To gnash the teeth, as a boar.— Ben Jonson. 

TUSK2SD, I a. Furnished with tusks ; as, the tusky boar.— 

TUSKT, I Bryden. 

TUS'SLE (tus'sl), n. A struggle ; a conflict. [Vulgar.] See 
Touse. 

i TTJ^'SUCk' \ n ' ^ ^^ °^ ? rass or twigs- — Grew. 

TUT, an exclamation, used for checking or rebuking. — Tut- 
bargain, among miners, a bargain by the lump. 

Tu'TEL-AOE, n. [from L. tutcla.) 1. Guardianship ; pro- 
tection. — Bacon. 2. State of being under a guardian. 

Tu'TE-LAR, la. [L. tutelaris.] Having the "guardianship 

TuTE-LA-RY, 5 or charge of protecting a person or a 
thing ; guardian ; protecting. 

TOTE-NAG, n. 1. Chinese copper, an alloy of copper, zinc, 
and nickel. 2. A name given, in India, to zinc or spelter. 
Brande. 



TUTOR n. [L. ; Fr. tuteur.] 1. In the civil law, a guardian , 
one who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate. 
2. One who has the care of instructing another in various 
branches, or in any branch of human learning. — 3. In uni- 
versities and colleges, an officer who has the charge of 
hearing the lessons of students, and otherwise giving them 
mstruction. 

TUTOR, v. t. 1. To teach ; to instruct — Shak. 2. To treat 
with authority or severity. 3. To correct 

Tu'TOR-AOE, n. 1. In the civil law, guardianship ; the 
charge of a pupil and his estate. 2. The authority or so- 
lemnity of a tutor ; [little used.] 

Tu'TOR-ED, pp. Instructed; corrected; disciplined. 

Tu'TOR-ESS, n. A female tutor ; an instructress ; a gov 
erness. — More. 

TU-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to or exercised by a tutor 

Tu'TOR-ING, ppr. Teaching; directing; correcting. 

Tu'TOR-ING, n. The act of instructing ; education! 

Tu'TOR-SHIP, n. 1. Office of a tutor.— Hooker. 2. T&e 
care of one who is unable to take care of himself. 

Tu'TRIX, n. A female guardian.— Smollett. 

TUTSAN, n. A plant of the genus hypericum. 

TOT'Ti (toofte). [It. all ; L. toti.] In music, a direction ior 
all to play in full concert. 

TUTTY, 7i. [Ittuzia; Low L. tutia.] An impure protoxyd 
of zinc, collected from the chimneys of smelting furnaces 
It is said, also, to have been found native in Persia. — Bu 
chanan. 

t TUZ, 77. [qu. touse.] A lock or tuft of hair. — Bryden. 

TWADDLE, n. Foolish discourse characterized by imbe- 
cility. — Smart. [Colloquial.] 

TWAD'DLE (twod'dl), v. i. [Sax. twade.] To talk in a fool 
ish, imbecile manner. 

TWADDLER, n. One who talks in a foolish, imbecile man- 
ner. — Macauley. [Colloquial] 

TWAD'DY, n. Idle trifling ; insignificant talk. 

TWaIN, a. or n. [Sax. twegen; Sw. tvenne ; Dan. tvende.] 
Two. [Nearly obsolete.] 

TW1ITE, n, 1. A fish, a species of shad, found on the Brit- 
ish coast. — 2. In old writers, wood-land with the wood 
grubbed up and converted into arable land ; [local] 

TWANG, v. i. [D. dwang ; Dan. tvang ; Sw. tvang.] To 
sound with a quick, sharp noise ; to make the sound of a 
string which is stretched and suddenly pulled. 

TWANG, v. t. To make to sound, as by pulling a tense 
string and letting it go suddenly. — Shak. 

TWANG, n. 1. A sharp, quick sound. 2. An affected mod- 
ulation of the voice ; a kind of nasal sound. 

TWANGING, ppr. 1. Making a sharp sound. 2. a. Con- 
temptibly noisy. — Shak. 

TWAN"GLE (twang/gl), v. i. To twang.— Shak. 

TWANK, a corruption of twang. — Addison. 

TWAN'KAY, n. A sort of green tea.—M'Culloch. 

'TWAS, a contraction of it was. 

TWATTLE (twoftl), v. i. [G. schwatzen.] To prate ; to talk 
much and idly ; to gabble ; to chatter. — L 1 Estrange. 

TWATTLE (twoftl), v. t. To pet ; to make much of.— 
Gross. [Local] 

TWATTLING, ppr. or a. Prating ; gabbling ; chattering. 

TWATTLING, n. The act of prating ; idlelalk. 

t TWaY, for twain, two. — Spenser. 

Twl'-BLSDE 2 ' \ n - A British P lant > listera ovata 
TWeAG, ? v. t. [Sax. twiccian ; G. zwicken.] To twitch; to 
TWeAK, > pinch and pull with a sudden jerk. — Swift. 
t TWeAG, n. Distress ; a pinching condition. — Arbuthnot. 
TWEE'DLE (twe'dl), v. t. To handle lightly.— Addison 

[Used of awkward fiddling.] 
TWEEL, v. t. To weave with multiplied leashes in the har- 
ness, by increasing the number of threads in each split of 

the reed, and the number of treddles, &c. ; to twill. 
TWEER n. [Fr. tuyau.] In a smelting -furnace, the point of 

the blast-pipe. It is sometimes written twier or tuyer. 
TWEE'ZER-CISE, n. A case for carrying tweezers. 
TWEE'ZERS, n. pi. Nippers ; small pince'rs used to pluck 

out hairs. 
TWELFTH, a. [Sax. twelfta ; Sw. tolfte.] The second after 

the tenth ; the ordinal of twelve. 
TWELFTH'-TlDE, n. [twelfth and tide.] The twelfth day 

after Christmas, or Epiphany ; called, also, twelfth-day ; so 

twelfth-night is the evening of Epiphany.— Tusser. 
TWELVE (twelv), n. [Sax. twelf; D. ticaalf ; G. zwUlf 

The sum of two and ten ; twice six; a dozen. 
TWELVE-MONTH (twelv'-munth), n. [twelve and month.] 

A year, which consists of twelve calendar months. 
TWELVE-PENCE (twelv'-pens), n. A shilling. 
TWELVE'-PEN-NY (twelv'-pen-ne), a. Sold for a shilling 

worth a shilling. — Bryden. 
TWELVE'-SCoRE, a. Twelve times twenty. 
TWEN'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. twentigtha, twentog'otha.] The or 

dinal of twenty. — Bryden. 
TWENTY, a. [Sax. twenti, twentig.] 1. Twice ten. 2. Pre 

vcrbially, an indefinite number. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VI"CIOUS.— € as K; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t ObsoleU. 



TW1 



1060 



TWO 



TWENTY-FOLD, a. Twenty times as many. 

TWl'BIL, n. A kind of mattock, and a halbert. 

TWICE, adv. [from two.] 1. Two times. 2. Doubly; as, 
twice the sum. — 3. Twice is used in composition, as in twice- 
told. 

TWID'LE, for tweedle. See Tweedle. 

TWi'FAL-LoW, v. t. [twi, two, and fallow.] To plow a sec- 
ond time land that is fallowed. 

TWi'FAL-LoWJSD, pp. Plowed twice, as summer fallow. 

TWl'FAL-LoW-ING, ppr. Plowing a second time. 

TWl'FAL-LoW-ING, n. The operation of plowing a second 
time, as fallow land, in preparing it for seed. 

f TWl'-FoLD, a. Two-fold.— Spenser. 

TWIG, n. [Sax. twig ; D. twyg.] A small shoot or branch 
of a tree or other plant. — Raleigh. 

TWIG'GJEN, a. Made of twigs ; wicker.— Grew. 

TWIG'GY, a. Full of twigs ; abounding with shoots. 

TWl'LlGHT (twflite), n. [Sax. tweon-leoht, doubtful light.] 
1. The faint light which is reflected upon the earth after 
sunset and before sunrise ; crepuscular light. 2. Dubious 
or_uncertain view. 

TWl'LlGHT, a. 1. Obscure ; imperfectly illuminated ; 
shaded. 2. Seen or done by twilight. 

TWILL, v. t. To weave in ribs or ridges ; to quill. 

TWILLED, pp. or a. Woven in ribs or ridges. 

TWILT, n. A quilt.— Gross. [Local] 

TWIN, n. [Sax. twinan.] 1. One of two young produced 
at a birth by an animal that ordinarily brings but one. — 2. 
The Twins, pi., a sign of the zodiac ; Gemini. 3. One very 
much resembling another. 

TWIN, a. 1. Noting one of two born at a birth. 2. Very 
much resembling.— 3. In botany, swelling out into two pro- 
tuberances, as an anther or germ. — 4. In mineralogy, a term 
applied to a crystal composed of two united crystals. — 
Dana. 

TWIN, v. i. 1. To be born at the same birth. 2. To bring 
two at once. 3. To be paired ; to be suited. 

TWIN, v. t. To separate into two parts.— Chaucer. 

TWIN'-BORN, a. Born at the same birth. 

TWIN'-LIKE-NESS, n. Near resemblance. 

TWlNE, v. t. [Sax. twinan ; D. twynen ; Sw. tvinna.] 1. 
To twist ; to wind, as one thread or cord around another, 
or as any flexible substance around another body. 2. To 
unite closely ; to cling to ; to embrace. 3. To gird ; to 
wrap closely about. 

TWlNE, v. i. 1. To unite closely, or by interposition of 
parts. 2. To wind ; to bend ; to make turns. 3. To turn 
round. 

TWINE, n. 1. A strong thread composed of two or three 
smaller threads or strands twisted together. 2. A twist ; 
a convolution ; as, Typhon's snaky twine. 3. Embrace ; 
act of winding round. 

TWINED, pp. Twisted ; wound round. 

TWINGE (twinj), v. t. [Sw. tvinga ; D. dwingen ; Dan. 
tvinger.] 1. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain ; to tor- 
ment with pinching or sharp pains. 2. To pinch ; to tweak ; 
to pull with a jerk. 

TWINGE (twinj), v. i. To have a sudden, sharp, local pain, 
like a twitch ; to suffer a keen darting or shooting pain ; 
as, the side twinges. 

TWINGE (twinj), n. 1. A sudden, sharp pain; a darting, 
of momentary continuance. 2. A sharp rebuke of con- 
science. 3. A pinch ; a tweak. 

TWINGTNG, ppr. Suffering a sharp, local pain of short con- 
tinuance ; pinching with a sudden pull. 

TWING'ING, n. The act of pinching with a sudden twitch ; 
a sudden, sharp, local pain. 

TWINING, ppr. or a. 1. Twisting; winding round ; uniting 
closely to ; embracing — 2. In botany, ascending spirally 
around a branch, stem, or prop. 

fWINK, n. See Twinkle. 

TWINK'LE (twinkl), v. i. [Sax. twinclian.] 1. To sparkle ; 
to flash at intervals ; to shine with a tremulous, intermit- 
ted light, or with a broken, quivering light. 2. To open 
and shut the eye by turns. 3. To play irregularly. 

TWINK'LE, \n. 1. A sparkling; a shining with inter- 

TWINK'LING, 5 _ mitted light. 2. Amotion of the eye. 3. 
A moment ; an instant ; the time of a wink. 

TWINK'LING, ppr. or a. Sparkling. 

TWIN'LING, n. [from tow.] A twin lamb. — Tusser. 

TWINNJED, a. [from twin.] Produced at one birth, like 
twins ; united. — Milton. 

TWIN'NER, n. A breeder of twins.— Tusser. 

TWIN'TER, n. A beast two winters old.— Grose. [Local.] 
TWlRE, v. i. To take short flights ; to flutter ; to quiver ; 
to twitter. — Chaucer. 

TWiRL (twurl), v. t. [D. dtoarlen ; G. querlen j To move 
or turn round with rapidity ; to whirl round, 

TWiRL (twurl), v. i. To revolve with velc 
whirled round. 

TWiRL (twurl), n. 1. A rapid circular motion ; quick ro- 
tation. 2. Twist; convolution. — Woodward. 
FWiRLED (twurld), pp. Whirled round. 



velocity ; to be 



TWiRLTNG, ppr. Turning with velocity ; whirling. 

TWIST, v. t. [Sax. getwistan ; D. twisten.] 1. To unite by 
winding one thread, strand, or other flexible substance 
round another ; to form by convolution, or winding sep- 
arate things round each other. 2. To form into a thread 
from many fine filaments. 3. To contort ; to writhe. 4. 
To wreathe ; to wind ; to encircle. 5. To form : to 
weave. 6. To unite by intertexture of parts. 7. To unite ; 
to enter by winding j to insinuate. 8. To pervert. 9. Tt 
turn from a straight line. 

TWIST, v. i. To be contorted or united by winding round 
each other. 

TWIST, n. 1. A cord, thread, or any thing flexible, formed 
by winding strands or separate things round each other 
2. A cord ; a string ; a single cord. 3. A contortion ; a 
writhe. 4. A littlt; roll of tobacco. 5. Manner of twist- 
ing. 6. A twig ; [obs.] 

TWIST'ED, pp. or a. Formed by winding threads or strands 
round each other. 

TWIST'ER, n. 1. One who twists. 2. The instrument oi 
twisting. 

TWISTING, ppr. Winding different strands or threads 
round each other ; forming into a thread by twisting. 

TWIT, v. t. [Sax. othwitan, edwitan, eetwitan.] To reproach ; 
to upbraid, as for some previous act. 

TWITCH, v. t. [Sax. twiccian.] To pull with a sudden 
jerk ; to pluck with a short, quick motion ; to snatch. 

TWITCH, n. 1. A pull with a jerk ; a short, sudden, quick 
pull. 2. A short, spasmodic contraction of the fibres or 
muscles. 

TWITCH'-GRaSS, n. Couch-grass ; applied to various 
species of grass which it is difficult to exterminate. 

TWITCHED (twicht), pp. Pulled with a jerk. 

TWITCH'ER, n. One who twitches. 

TWITCHING, ppr. or a. Pulling with a jerk; suffering 
short spasmodic contractions. 

TWITCHING, n. The act of pulling with a jerk ; the act 
of suffering short spasmodic contractions. 

TWIT'TED, pp. Upbraided. 

TWIT'TER, v. i. [D. kwetteren.] 1. To make a succession 
of small, tremulous, intermitted noises. 2. To have a 
slight trembling of the nerves. 3. To titter ; [obs.] 

TWIT'TER, n. One who twits or reproaches. 

TWIT'TER, n. 1. A small, intermitted noise, as the sound 
of a swallow. 2. A slight trembling of the nerves. 

TWIT'TER-ING, ppr. or a. Uttering a succession of small, 
interrupted sounds, as a sparrow. 

TWIT'TER-ING, n. The act of uttering a succession oi 
small, interrupted sounds. 

TWITTING, ppr. Upbraiding; reproaching. 

TWIT'TING-LY, adv. With upbraiding.— Jwmms. 

TWIT'TLE-TWAT'TLE, n. Tattle; gabble. [Vulgar.] 

'TWIXT, a contraction of betwixt ; [used in poetry.] 

TWO (too), a. [Sax. twa ; Goth, twa, twai, twos ; D. twee 
G. zwei ; Sw. tva ; Ir., Gaelic da or do ; Russ. tva, tvoe.] 1 
One and one.— 2. Two is used in composition, as in two 
legged. — In two, into two parts ; as, cut in two. 

TWo'-€AP-SuL£D, a. Bicapsular; having two distinct 
capsules. 

TWo'-CELLED (too'-seld), a. Bilocular ; having two cells. 

TW5'-€LEFT, a. Bifid ; divided half way from the border 
to the base into two segments. 

TWo'-EDgED (too'-ejd), a. Having two edges. 

TWo'-FLOW-ERED, a. Bearing two flowers at the end. 

TWo'-FoLD, a. 1. Two of the same kind, or two different 
things existing together. 2. Double. — 3. In botany, two 
and two together, growing from the same place. 

TWo'-FoLD, adv. Doubly; in a double degree. — Matt.,-xxhi. 

TWO-FORKED (too'-forkt), a. Dichotomous ; divided into 
two parts somewhat after the manner of a fork. 

TWo'-HAND-ED, a. 1. Having two hands. 2. Used with 
both hands ; as, a two-handed sword. 3. An epithet used 
as equivalent to large, stout, and strong. — Milton. 

TWo'-LeAVED (too'-leevd), a. Diphyllous; having two 
distinct leaves. 

TW5'-L0BED, a. Bilobate ; having two distinct lobes 

TWo'-MaST-ED, a. Having two masts. 

TW5'-PaRT-ED, a. Bipartite ; divided from the border to 
the base into two distinct parts. 

* TWo'-PENCE (too'-pens or tup'pens), n. A small coin • 

Shak. 

* TW5'-PEN-NY (too'- or tup'-), a. Of the value of two-pence. 
TWo'-PET-ALED, a. Dipetalous ; having two perfectly 

distinct petals. 
TWo'-PLY, a. [two, and Fr. plier ; L. plico.] Double ; cod 

sisting of two thicknesses, as cloth. 
TW5'-SEED-ED, a. In botany, dispermous ; containing 

two seeds, as a fruit ; having two seeds. 
TWo'-TIPPED (too'-tipt), a. " Bilabiate; divided in sucn a 

manner as to resemble the two lips when the mouth is 

more or less open. 
TW0'-T6NGUED (too'-tungd), a. Double-tongued ; deceit 

ful.-— Sandys. , . . . 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



TYP 



1061 



UDD 



fWO'-VAL V\ED, a. Bivalvular, as a shell, pod, or glume. 

TY-€HON'I€, a. Pertaining to Tycho Brahe, or designating 
his system of astronomy. — Wilberforce. 

TYE, v. t. To bind or fasten. See Tie, the more usual or- 
thography, and Tying. 

TyE, n. 1. A knot ; [see Tie.] 2. A bond ; an obligation — 
3. In ships, a runner, or short, thick rope. 

Ty'ER, n. One who ties or unites. — Fletcher. 

TY'GER, n. See Tiger. 

TY-HP:E', n. See Tehee. 

TYING, ppr. Binding ; fastening. See Tie and Tye. 

TYKE. n. A dog ; or one as contemptible as a dog. — Shah. 

TYM'BAL, n. [Fr. timbale.] A kind of kettle-drum. 

TYM'PAN, n. [L. tympanum.) Among printers, a frame 
covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank 
sheets are put in order to be laid on the form to be im- 
pressed. 

TYM-PAN-i'TeS, n. In medicine, a flatulent distention of 
the belly ; tympany. — Cyc. 

TYM-PAN-IT'I€, a. Relating to tympany or tympanites ; 
affected with tympany or tympanites. 

TYM'PAN-lZE, v. i. To act the part of a drummer. 

TYM'PAN-lZE, v. t. To stretch, as a skin over the head of 
a drum. _ 

TYMTAN-IZ.ED, pp. Stretched, as a skin over the head of 
a drum. _ 

TYM'PAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Stretching, as a skin over the head 
of a drum. 

TYMTAN-UM, n. [L.] 1. The drum of the ear.— 2. In me- 
chanics, a wheel placed round an axis for raising weights. 
— Cyc. 3. The area of a pediment ; also, the part of a 
pedestal called the trunk, or a dye. 4. The panel of a 
door. 5. A triangular space or table in the corners or 
sides of an arch, usually enriched with figures. 

TYM'PAN-Y, n. A flatulent distention of the belly. 

TYN'Y, a. Small. See Tiny. 

TYPE, n. [Fr. type ; L. typus ; Gr. tvitoS.) 1. The mark of 
something ; an emblem ; that which represents some- 
thing else. 2. A sign ; a symbol ; a figure of something 
to come. 3. A model or form of a letter in metal or oth- 
er hard material ; [used in printing.] — 4. In medicine, some 
peculiarity in the form of a disease. — 5. In natural his- 
tory, that which combines most prominently the several 
characteristics of a group. Thus, a particular individual 
may be the type of a species ; a species the type of a ge- 
nus ; a genus of a family, &c. — Dana. 6. A stamp or 
mark. — Shah. 

TYPE, v. t. To prefigure ; to represent by a model or sym- 
bol beforehand. — White. [Little used.] 

TYPE'-MET-^4L, n. A compound of lead and antimony, 
usually in a proportion of three to one ; used in making 
types^ 

TY-PHe'AN, a. Pertaining to Typhosus, the fabled giant 
with a hundred heads. 

TY'FHOID (ti'foid), a. [typhus, and Gr. ciSos, form.] Re- 
sembling typhus ; weak ; low. — Say. 

TY'PHON, n. The evil genius in Egyptian mythology. — 



TY-PHOON', n. [Gr. rwf)wv.] The name given to a violent 
tornado or hurricane in the Chinese seas. — Brande. 

TY'PHOUS, a. Relating to typhus. 

TY'PHUS, n. [Gr. tvQou), rv<poS-] A genus of simple, con- 
tinuous fevers, essentially attended with a greater or less 
degree of atony or exhaustion throughout their whole 
course, and from beginning to end. They are liable to be 
attended with coma in some of their stages. 

TYP'I€, } a. 1. Emblematic ; figurative ; representing 

TYP'LG-AL, > something future by a form, model, or re- 
semblance. — 2. In natural history, pertaining to or consti- 
tuting a type. — Typic fever is one that is regular in its at- 
tacks.— Cyc. 

TYP'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a typical manner ; by way of im- 
age, symbol, or resemblance. 

TYP'I€-AL-NESS, n. The state of being typical. 

fYP'1-Fl.ED, pp. Represented by symbol or emblem. 

LTP'I-FY, v. t. To represent by an image, form, model, or 
resemblance. — Brown. 

TYP'I-FY-ING, ppr. Representing by model or emblem. 

TYP'0-€OS-MY, n. [Gr. rvnos and Koa^oi.] A representa- 
tion of the world. — Camden. [Not much used.] 

TY-POG'RA-PHER, n. A printer.— Warton. 

TY-PO-GRAPH'IG, \a. Pertaining to printing. 2. Em- 

- Ty-PO-GRAPHTC-AL, 5 blematic. 

'TY-PO-GRAPH'IG-AL-LY, adv. 1. By means of types ; 
after the manner of printers. 2. Emblematically ; figura- 
tively. 

TY-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. tutto? and ypaipo).] 1. The art of 
printing, or the operation of impressing letters and words 
on forms of types. 2. Emblematical or hieroglyphic rep- 
resentation. 

TYPO-LITE, n. [Gr. rvrrog and \idog.] In -natural history, 
a stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of 
plants and animals. 



t Tf RAN, n. A tyrant— Spenser. 

TYR'AN-NESS, n. A female tyrant— Akensiae. 

TY-RAN'NIC, )a. [ft-, tyrannique.] Pertaining to a ty- 

TY-RAN'NI€-AL, j rant ; suiting a tyrant ; arbitrary ; un- 
justly severe in government ; imperious ; despotic ; crueL 

TY-RAN'NI€-AL-LY, adv. With unjust exercise of power ; 
arbitrarily ; oppressively. 

Tf -RAN'NI€-AL-NESS, n. Tyrannical disposition or prac- 
tice. — Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

TY-RAN'NI-ClDE, n. [L. tyrannus and cado.] 1. The act 
of killing a tyrant. 2. One who kills a tyrant. 

t TyPl'AN-NING, ppr. or a. Acting as a tyrant. — Spenser. 

TYR'AN-NiZE, v. i. [Fr. tyranniser.] To act the tyrant ; to 
exercise arbitrary power ; to rule with unjust and op- 
pressive severity. 

TyR'AN-NiZjBD, pp. Ruled with oppressive severity. 

TyR'AN-NiZ-ING, ppr. Exercising arbitrary power ; ruling 
with unjust severity. 

TYR'AN-NOUS, a. Tyrannical ; arbitrary ; unjustly severe . 
despotic. — Sidney. 

TyR'AN-NY, n. [Ft. tyrannic] 1. Arbitrary or despotic ex 
ercise of power ; the exercise of power over subjects and 
others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, or 
not requisite for the purposes of government. Hence, 
tyranny is often synonymous with cruelly and oppression. 
2. Cruel government or discipline. 3. Unresisted and 
cruel power. 4. Absolute monarchy cruelly administered. 
5. Severity ; rigor ; inclemency. 

TY'RANT, n. [L. tyrannus ; Gr. rvpavvoS.] 1. A monarch 
or other ruler or master who uses power to oppress his 
subjects ; a person who exercises unlawful authority, 
lawful authority in an unlawful manner. 2. A despotic 
ruler ; a cruel master ; an oppressor. 

TYRE, n. See Tire.— Hakewill. 

TyRE, v. i. To prey upon. See Tire. 

TYR'I-AN. n. A native of Tyre. 

TYR'I-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to the ancient Tyre. 2. Being 

of a purple color ; as, Tyrian dye. 
TY'RO, n. [L. tiro ; Sp. tiron, from tirar, to draw, tug, pull j 
Port, tirar ; Fr. tirer. Hence L. tirocinium.] 1. A begin- 
ner in learning ; a novitiate ; one who tugs in the rudi- 
ments of any branch of study. Hence, 2. A person im 
perfectly acquainted with a subject. 
TyTHE, n. See Tithe. 
TYTHTNG, n. See Tithing. 

TZaR (zar), n. The Emperor of Russia. See Czar. 
TZXR-i'NA (zar-e'na), n. The Empress of Russia. See 
Czarina. 



U. 



Uis the twenty -first letter and the fifth vowel in the En- 
glish alphabet. The first, or long and proper sound oi 
u, in English, is now not perfectly simple, and it can not 
be strictly called a vowel. The sound seems to be nearly 
that of eu, shortened and blended. This sound, however, 
is not precisely that of eu, or yu, except in a few words, 
as in unite, union, tiniform ; the sound does not begin 
with the distinct sound of e, nor end in the distinct sound 
of oo, unless when prolonged. It can not be well ex- 
pressed in letters. This sound is heard in the unaffected 
pronunciation of annuity, numerate, brute, mute, dispute, 
duke.— In some words, as in bull, full, pull, the sound of u 
is that of the Italian u, the French ou, but shortened. This 
is a vowel. — fbas another short sound, as in tun, run, sun 
turn, rub. This, also, is a rowel. 

U'BER-OUS, a. [L. uber.] Fruitful ; copious. [Rare.] 

U'BER-TY, n. [L. ubcrtas.] Abundance ; fruitfulness. 

U-BI-Ca'TION, In. [L. ubi, where.] The state of being in 

U-Bl'E TY, 5 a place ; local relation. [Little used) 

U'BI-QUIST^ ?u. In Church history, the Ubiquists 

U-BIQ-UI-Ta'RI-AN, 5 were a school of Lutheran divines, 
so called from their tenet that the body of Christ is present 
in the Eucharist, in virtue of his omnipresence. — Brande. 

U-BIO'UI-TA-RI-NESS (yu-bik'we-), n. Existence every 
where. [Little used.] 

U-BIQ'UI-TA-RY (yu-bik'we-ter-re), a. [L. ubique, from ubi.] 
Existing every where, or in all places. — Howell. 

U-BIQTJLTA-RY, n. One who exists every where. 

U-BIQ'UI-TOUS (yu-bik'we-tus), a. Existing or being ev- 
ery where. 

U-BIQ/UI-TY (yu-bik'we-te), n. [L. ubique.] Existence in 
all places or every where at the same time ; omnipres- 
ence. — South. 

U'Bl SU'PRA. [L.] In the place above mentioned. 

U'DAL (yii'dal), n. A freehold in the Shetland Isles with 
out feudal dependences. — Jamieson. 

hEJDAL-ER, n. A freeholder in the Shetland Isles. 

UDDER, n. [Sax. uder ; G. enter.] The breast of a female ; 
but the word is applied chiefly or wholly to the glandular or- 
gan of female beasts, in which the milk is secreted. 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GEIi Vi"CIOUS.— € as K : G as J : S as Z ; cH as SII ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ULT 



1062 



UMB 



IfD'DERED, a. Furnished with udders. — Gay. 

U-DOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. bb~wp and jxerpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the quantity of water which falls from the 
atmosphere ; a rain-gauge. 

UG'LI-LY, adv. In an ugly manner; with deformity. 

UG'LI-NESS, n. 1. Total want of beauty ■ deformity of per- 
son. 2. Turpitude of mind ; moral depravity; loathsome- 
ness. 

UG'LY, a. [W. hag, hagyr.] Deformed ; offensive to the 
sight ; contrary to beauty ; hateful. 

U-KaSE', n. In Russia, a proclamation or imperial order 
published, having the force of law. — Brande. 

U'LANS, n.pl. A certain description of militia among the 
modern Tartars. — Jones. 

UL'CER, n. [Fr. ulcere ; It. ulcera ; L. ulcus.] A sore ; a 
solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body, 
either open to the surface or to some natural cavity, and 
attended with a secretion of pus, or some kind of discharge. 

UL'CER- ITE, v. i. To be formed into an ulcer ; to become 
ulcerous. 

UL'CER-ITE, v. t. [Fr. ulcerer ; L. ulcere-.] To affect with 
an ulcer or with ulcers. — Harvey. 

UL'CER-a-TED, pp. or a. Affected with ulcers. 

UL'CER- A-TING, ppr. Turning to an ulcer ; generating ul- 
cers. 

UL-CER-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. ulceration 1. The process of 
forming into an ulcer, or the process of becoming ulcer- 
ous. 2. An ulcer ; a morbid sore that discharges pus or 
other fluid. 

UL'CERSD, a. Having become an ulcer. — Temple. 

UL'CER-OUS, a. 1. Having the nature or character of an 
ulcer ; discharging purulent or other matter. 2. Affected 
with an ulcer or with ulcers. 

UL'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being ulcerous. 

UL-€US'CULE, n. [L. ulcusculum.] A little ulcer. 

U-Le'MA, 11. In Turkey, a corporation composed of the 
hierarchy, viz., the imans, or ministers of religion, the 
muftis, or doctors of law, and the cadis, or administrators 
of justice. — Brande. 

ULE'-TREE, n. A Mexican tree, whose milky juice forms 
that kind of elastic gum which the Mexicans call ule. — Cyc. 

U-LlG'IN-OUS, a. [L. uliginosus.] Muddy ; oozy ; slimy. 

UL'LAgE, n. In commerce, what a cask wants of being full. 

UL'MIC ACID, n. [L. ulmus.] A vegetable acid, exuding 
spontaneously from the elm, the chestnut, the oak, and 
various other trees. It is a dark brown and nearly black 
solid, insipid and inodorous. It is the essential ingredient 
of peat, &c, and appears to constitute what is called veg- 
etable manure. — Th. Thomson. 

UL'MIN, n. [L. ulmus.] An exploded name ofulmic acid. 

UL'NA, n. [L,.] The larger of the two bones of the fore- 
arm, which forms the point of the elbow. 

UL'NAgE, n. See Alnage, Aunage. 

UL'NAR, ii. [L. ulna.] Pertaining to the ulna, or cubit. 

U-LO-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. ovXoS and devdpov.] A genus of 
trees now extinct, and found only in a fossil state. 

ULT. Last ; a contraction from ultimo. 

UL-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. comparative.] 1. Further.— 2. In ge- 
ography, being or situated beyond or on the further side 
of any line or boundary. 

UL'TI-MA Ra'TI-0 (-she-o). [L.] The last reason or argu- 
ment. 

UL'TI-MA Ra'TI-0 Re'GUM. [L.] The last reason of 
kings is war, force of arms. 

UL'TI-MATE, a. [L. ultimus.] 1. Furthest; most remote; 
extreme. 2. Final ; being that to which all the rest is di- 
rected, as to the main object. 3. Last in a train of conse- 
quences; intended in the last resort. 4. Last; termina- 
ting ; being at the furthest point. 5. The last into which 
a substance can be resolved; constituent. Darwin. — Ulti- 
mate analysis, in chemistry, is the resolution of a substance 
into its elements ; opposed to the proximate analysis. Ul- 
timate ratio, the ratio of evanescent quantities. 

[JL'TI-MATE-LY, adv. Finally ; at last ; in the end. 

UL'TI-MA THU'LE. [L.] The utmost stretch or bounda- 
ry. See Thuxe. 

UL-TI-Ma'TUM, 11. ; pi. Ultimata. [L.] 1. In diplomacy, 
the final propositions, conditions, or terms offered as the 
basis of a treaty ; the most favorable terms that a negotia- 
tor can offer. 2. Any final proposition or condition. 

UL-TIM'I-TY, n. The last stage or consequence. [Rare.] 

TJL'TI-MO. [L. ultimo mense.] The month preceding the 
present ; as, on the first ultimo ; i. e., day of last month. 

ULTRA, a. [L.] Beyond; hence, extreme ; as, ultra prin- 
ciples ; used, also, to denote a person who advocates ex- 
uvme measures. 

ULTRA-ISM, n. The principles of men who advocate ex- 
treme measures, as a radical reform, &c. — H. More. 

ULTRA-IST, n. One who pushes a principle or measure 
to extremes. 

UL-TRA-MA-RiNE' (-ma-reen'), a. [L. ultra and marinus.] 
Situated or being beyond the sea. — Ainsworth. 

UL-TRA-MA-RiNE' (-ma-reen'), n. 1. A beautiful and dura- 

* See Synopsis. 



ble sky-blue ; a color formed of the mineral called lapts 
lazuli. 2. Azure-stone. 

UL-TRA-MONTANE, a. [Fr. ; L. ultra and montanus.] Be, 
ing beyond the mountains, or Alps, in respect to the one 
who speaks. This term was first applied, somewhat con- 
temptuously, by the Italians to the nations north of the 
Alps, especially Germany and France, their painters, ju 
rists, &c. At a later period, the French and Germans ap- 
plied it to the Italians. It is now more particularly used 
in respect to religious matters ; and " ultramontane doc 
trines," when spoken of on the north side of the Alps, mean 
the extreme views of the pope's rights and supremacy 
maintained by Bellarmin and other Italian writers. — Diet 
de I'Acad. 

UL-TRA-MONTANE, n. A foreigner : one who resides be- 
yond the mountains. 

UL-TRA-MONTA-NISM, n. A term applied north of the 
Alps, to those who maintain extreme views as to the pope's 
supremacy.— Encyc. Am. 

UL-TRA-MONTA-NIST, n. One who holds to ultramonta- 
nism. 

UL-TRA-MUN'DANE, a. [L. ultra and mundus.] Being be 
yond the world, or beyond the limits of our system. 

t UL-TRo'NE-OUS, a. [L. ultro.] Spontaneous ; voluntary 

UL'U-LaTE, v. i. [L. ululo.] To howl, as a dog or wolf. 
Herbert. 

UL-U-La'TION, n. A howling, as of the wolf or dog. 

UM'BEL, n. [L. umbella.] In botany, a particular mode oi 
inflorescence or flowering, in which the pedicels all pro- 
ceed from a single point, and are of equal length.— Lindley. 

UM'BEL-LAR, a. Pertaining to an umbel ; having the form 
of an umbel. 

UM'BEL-LATE, ) a. Bearing umbels ; consisting of an 

UM'BEL-La-TED, S umbel; growing on an umbel. 

TTVT/T>|7'T T -C"p -\ 

TJM'BEI -LULE s ' ^ ^^ e or partial umbel. — Mart.jn. 

UM-BEL'LI-FER, n. [L. umbella and fero.] In botany, a 
plant producing an umbel. — Lindley. 

UM-BEL-LTF'ER-OUS, a. [L. umbella and fero.] Producing 
the inflorescence called an umbel ; bearing umbels. 

UM'BER, n. [from Ombria, in Italy.] In mineralogy, an 
ochreous ore of iron, of a brown, yellowish, or blackish- 
brown color, used as a pigment. Also, a variety of peat 
or brown coal, of a similar color, and used for a similar 
purpose. 

UM'BER, ii. An African bird of the heron family. 

UM'BER, n. A fish of the salmon family, the grayling. 

UM'BER, v. t. To color with umber ; to shade or darken. 

UM'BER.ED, a. [L. umbra.] 1. Shaded ; clouded.— Shah 
2. [from umber.] Painted with umber. 

UM-BIL'IC, n. In conchrdogy, a conical depression at tb« 
base of a univalve shell. 

UM-BIL'IC, 74. The navel ; the center. — Herbert. 

UM-BIL'I€, } a. [L. umbilicus.] Pertaining to the navei. 

UM-BIL'IG-AL, J — Umbilical points, in geometry, foci. 

UM-BIL'I€-ATE, \a. Navel-shaped ; formed in the mid 

UM-BIL'IC-A-TED, j die like a navel. 

UM'BLES (um'blz), n.pl. [Fr.] The entrails of a deer. - 
Diet. 

UM'BO, n. [L.] 1. The boss or protuberant part of a shield. 
— 2. In conchology, the point of a bivalve shell immediate- 
ly above the hinge. 

UM'BO-NATE, 1 a. In botany, having a boss or elevated 

UM'BO-Na-TED, 3 point in the middle.— P. Cyc. 

UM'BRA, n. [L.] A shadow. — In astronomy, a term applied 
to the dark cone projected from a planet or satellite, on 
the side opposite to the sun. — Brande. 

UM-BRAC'U-LI-FORM, a. Having the form of an umbrae 
iilum or arbor. 

UM'BRAGE, n. [Fr. ombrage ; L. umbra.] 1. A shade ; a 
skreen of trees.— Milton. 2. Shadow ; shade ; slight ap- 
pearance ; [obs.] 3. Suspicion of injury ; oftense ; resent- 
ment. 

UM-BRa'GEOUS (-jus), a. [Fr. ombregeux.] 1. Shading: 
forming a shade. 2. Shady; shaded. 3. Obscure. 

UM-BRa'gEOUS-LY, adv. In an umbrageous manner 

UM-BRA'GEOUS-NESS, it. Shadmess.— Raleigh. 

UM'BRaTE, v. t. [L. umbro.] To shade ; to shadow 

UM'BRa-TED, pp. Shaded; shadowed. 

UM-BRAT'IC, \a. [L. umbraticus.] 1. Shadowy; typ 

UM-BRAT'IC-AL, 5 ical. 2. Keeping in the shade or at 
home. 

* UM'BRA-TiLE, a. [L. umbratilis.] 1. Being in the shade 
2. Unreal ; unsubstantial. 3. Being in retirement , seclud- 
ed ; [little used.] 

UM-BRa'TIOUS (-shus), a. Suspicious; apt to distrust 
captious ; disposed to take umbrage. [Little used.] 

UM-BREL'LA, n. [from L. umbra.] A shade, screen, or 
guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the person from 
the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. — Umbrel is near 
ly obsolete. 

UM-BRIeRE' (um-breer'), n. The visor of a helmet. 
Spenser. 



I, <fcc , long.— a, E, t, <fcc, short. -F XR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •— MARINE, BiRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



UNA 



1063 



UNA 



UM-BRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. umbra and fero.\ Casting or mak- 
ing a shade. 
UM-BROS'I-TY, n. [L. umbrosus.] Shadiness. [Little used.] 
UM'PI-RAGE, n. [from umpire.] 1. The power, right, or 
authority of an umpire to decide. — President's Message, 
0ct. 2 1803. 2. The decision of an umpire. 
UM'PlRE, n. [Norm, impere ; L. imperium.] 1. A person to 
whose sole decision a controversy or question between 
parties is referred. — 2. In law, a third person called in to 
decide a controversy or question submitted to arbitrators, 
when the arbitrators do not agree in opinion. — Bouvier. 
UM'PlRE, v. t. To arbitrate ; to decide as umpire ; to settle, 

as a dispute. — Bacon. [Little used.] 
(JN, a prefix or inseparable preposition, Sax. un or on, usu- 
ally un, G. un, D. on, Sans; an, is the same word as the L. 
in. It is a particle of negation, giving to words to which 
it is prefixed a negative signification. We use un or in 
indifferently for this purpose ; and the tendency of mod- 
ern usage is to prefer the use of in, in some words, where 
un was formerly used. Un admits of no change of n into 
I, m, or r, as in does, in illuminate, immense, irresolute. It 
is prefixed generally to adjectives and participles, and al- 
most at pleasure. 
UN-A-BAN'DONED, a. Not abandoned. 
UN-A-BaSED' (-baste'), a. Not abased ; not humbled. 
UN-A-BA8HED' (-bashf), a. Not abashed ; not confused with 

shame, or by modesty. — Pope. 
UN-A-BIT'ED, a. Not abated ; not diminished in strength 

or violence ; as, the fever remains v-vabated. 
UN-AB-BRe'VI-I-TED, a. Not abbreviated; not short- 
ened. 
UN-A-BETTED, a. Not abetted ; not aided. 
UN-A-BlDTNG, a. Not abiding or permanent. 
UN-A-BIDTNG-LY, a. Not abidingly. 
UN-A-BlD'ING-NESS, n. State of being not permanent, 
f UN-A-BIL'I-TY, In. Want of ability. We use inabil- 
t-UN-5'BLE-NESS, 5 ity. 

UN-AB-JuRED', a. Not abjured ; not renounced on oath. 

UN-a'BLE (-alDl), a. 1. Not able; not having sufficient 

strength or means ; impotent ; weak in power or poor in 

substance. 2. Not having adequate knowledge or skill. 

UN-A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not abolishable ; that may not be 

abolished, annulled, or destroyed. — MiUon. 
UN-A-BOL'I3HED (-bol'isht), a. Not abolished; not re- 
pealed or annulled ; remaining in force. — Hooker. 
UN-AB-RaD'ED, a. Not abraded or worn by friction. — 

Mantell. 
UN-A-BRIDGED', a. Not abridged ; not shortened. 
UN-AB'RO-Ga-TED, a. Not abrogated ; not annulled. 
UN-AB-SOLVED', a. Not absolved; not acquitted or for- 
given. 
UN-AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. Not absorbable ; not capable of 

being absorbed. — Davy. 
UN-APT-SORBED', a. Not absorbed; not imbibed.— Davy. 
UN-A-BuSED' (-a-buzd'), a. Not abused. 
UN-A€-CEL'ER-a-TED, a. Not accelerated ; not hastened. 
UN-AC-CENT'ED, a. Not accented ; having no accent. 
UN-A€-CEPTA-BLE, a. Not acceptable ; not pleasing ; not 

welcome ; not such as will be received with pleasure. 
UN-AE-CEPTA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not pleasing. 
UN-AE-CEPT'A-BLY, adv. In an unwelcome or unpleasing 

manner. 
UN-AC-CEPT'ED, a. Not accepted or received ; rejected. 

— Prior. 
f UN-A€-CESS'I-BLE (-ses'se-bl), a. Inaccessible. 
UN-A€-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. State of not being approach- 
able ; inaccessibleness. 
UN-AE-CESS'I-BLY, adv. In an unaccessible manner. 
UN-A€-€Li'Ma-TED, a. Not inured to the climate. 
UN-A€-€OM'MO-Da-TED, a. 1. Not accommodated; not 
furnished with external conveniences. 2 Not fitted or 
adapted. 
UN-AC-COM'MO-Da-TING, a. Not accommodating; not 

ready to oblige ; uncompliant 
UN-AC-CoM'PA-NlED, a. 1. Not attended ; having no at- 
tendants, companions, or followers. 2. Having no ap- 
pendages. 
UN-AE-COMTLISPIED (-ak-kom'plisht), a. 1. Not accom- 
plished ; not finished ; incomplete. 2. Not refined in man- 
ners ; not furnished with elegant literature. 
UN-AE-COM'PLISH-MENT, n. Want of accomplishment 

or execution. — Milton. 
UN-AE-CORD'ANT, a. Not accordant or harmonious. 
UN-A€-€ORD'ING, a. Not according ; not agreeing. 
UN-AC-COUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or" quality of not 
being accountable, or the state of being unaccountable for. 
— Swift. 
UN-AC-EOUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be accounted for. 2. 
Not explicable ; not to be solved by reason or the light 
possessed ; not reducible to rule. 3. Not subject to ac- 
count or control ; not subject to answer ; not responsible. 
UN-AC-COUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Strangeness. 2. Irre- 
sponsibility. 



UN-A€-€OUNTA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be ex 

plained ; strangely. — Addison. 
UN-AE-CRED1T-ED, a. Not accredited ; not received ; not 

authorized. 
UN-AC'CU-RATE, a. Inaccurate ; not correct or exact. 
UN-AC'CU-RATE-NESS, n. Want of correctness. 
UN-A€-€uSED', a. Not accused ; not charged with a crime 

or fault. 
UN-AE-EUS'TOMED (-kus'tumd), a. 1. Not accustomed; 
not used ; not made familiar ; not habituated. 2. New ; 
not iisual ; not made familiar. — Watts. 
UN-A-CHIeV'A-BLE, a. That can not be done. 
UN-A-CHIeVED' (-cheevd'), a. Not achieved; not accom- 
plished or performed. 
UN-IEH'ING (-ak'ing), a. Not aching ; not feeling pain. 
UN-AE-IvN5WL'EDgED (-noilejd), a. 1. Not acknowl- 
edged ; not recognized. 2. Not owned ; not confessed ; 
not avowed. 
UN-AC-QUXINTANCE, n. Want of acquaintance or famil- 
iarity ; want of knowledge : followed by with. 
UN-AE-QUXINT'ED, a. 1 . Not well known ; unusual ; [obs.] 

2. Not having familiar knowledge : followed by with. 
UN-AE-QUIINT'ED-NESS, n. Want of acquaintance. 
UN-A€-QUlRED', a. Not acquired ; not gained. 
UN-AE-QUIT'TED, a. Not acquitted ; not declared innocent 
UN-ACTED, a. Not acted ; not performed ; not executed. 
UN-ACTIVE, a. 1. Not active ; not brisk. 2. Having no 
employment. 3. Not busy; not diligent; idle. 4. Hav 
ing no action or efficacy. See Inactive. 
UN-ACTU-I-TED, a. Not actuated ; not moved. 
UN-A-DAPTED, a. Not adapted ; not suited.— Mitford. 
UN-A-DAPT'ED-NESS. n. Unsuitableness. . 
UN-AD-DI€T'ED, a. Not addicted ; not given or devoted. 
UN -AD-DRESSED' (-ad-dresr/), a. Not addressed. 
UN-AD-He'SiVE, a. Not adhesive. 

UN- AD- JUDGE D', a. Not adjudged ; not judicially decided- 
UN-AD-JUST'ED, a. 1. Not adjusted ; not settled ; not re? 

ulated. 2. Not settled ; not liquidated. 
UN-AD-MIN'IS-TERED, a. Not administered. 
UN-AD-MlRED', a. Not admired ; not regarded with great 

affection or respect. — Pope. 
UN-AD-MIRTNG, a. Not admiring. 
UN-AD-MON'ISHED (-mon'isht), a. Not admonished ; not 

cautioned, warned, or advised. — Milton. 
UN-A-DOPT'ED, a. Not adopted; not received as one's 

own. 
UN-A-D5RED', a. Not adored; not worshiped. 
UN-A-DORNED', a. Not adorned ; not decorated ; not em- 

bellished.— Milton. 
UN-A-DUL'TER-I-TED, a. Not adulterated ; genuine; pure 
UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. Not guilty of adultery. 
UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. Without being guilty oi 

adultery. 
UN-AD-VEN'TUR-OUS, a. Not adventurous ; not bold. 
UN-AD-VlSA-BLE (-vlz'a-bl), a. Not advisable ; not to be 

recommended ; not expedient ; not prudent. 
UN-AD-VIS'A-BLY, adv. In an unadvisable manner. 
UN-AD-YISED', a. 1. Not prudent , not discreet— Shak. 

2. Done without due consideration ; rash. — Shak, 
UN-AD-VIS'ED-LY, adv. Imprudently ; indiscreetly ; rasb 

ly ; without due consideration.— Hooker. 
UN-AD-VlS'ED-NESS, n. Imprudence ; rashness. 
UN-a'ER-a-TED, a. Not combined with carbonic acid. 
UN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; not free to converse. 
UN-AF-FEETED, a. 1. Not affected ; plain ; natural ; not 
labored or artificial ; simple. 2. Real ; not hypocritical ; 
sincere. 3. Not moved ; not having the heart or passions 
touched. 
UN-AF-FEETED-LY, adv. Really; in sincerity; without 
disguise ; without attempting to produce false appear- 
ances. 
UN-AF-FEETED-NESS, n. State of being unaffected. 
UN-AF-FEET'I-BLE, a. That can not be affected.— Cud- 
worth. 
UN-AF-FEETING, a. Not pathetic ; not adapted to move 

the passions. 
UN-AF-FEE'TION-ATE, a. Not affectionate ; wanting af- 
fection. 
UN-AF-FiRMED', a. Not affirmed ; not confirmed. 
UN-AF-FLIETED, a. Not afflicted; free from trouble 
UN-AF-FRIGHT'ED (-frited), a. Not frightened 
UN-AG'GRA-Va-TED, a. Not aggravated. 
UN-Ag'I-TI-TED, a. Not agitated ; calm. 
UN-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. Not consistent; unsuitable.— Miuoit. 
UN-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness ; inconsist 

ency with. — Decay of Piety: 
UN-A-GREE'A-BLY, adv. In an unagreeable manner, 
t UN-IID'A-BLE, a. Not to be aided or assisted. 
UN-aID'ED, a. Not aided; not assisted.— Blackmore. 
UN-aIM'ING, a. Having no particular aim or direction. 
UN- AIRE D', a. Not aired. 

UN-A-LaPlMED', a. Not alarmed ; not disturbed with fear. 
UN-A-LXRM'ING, a. Not alarming. 



DAVE -—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOU3.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z : cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



UNA 



1064 



UNA 



UN-IL'IEN-A-BLE (un-al'yen-a-bl), a . Not alienable ; that 
can not be alienated ; that may not be transferred. 

UN-aL'IEN-A-BLY. adv. In a manner that admits of no 
alienation ; as, property unalienably vested. 

UN-aL'IEN-ATE, a. Not alienate.— H. Taylor. 

UN-aL'IEN-a-TED, a. Not alienated ; not transferred. 

UN-AL-LaYED' (-al-lade'), a. 1. Not allayed ; not appeased 
or quieted. 2. For unalloyed ; see Unalloyed. 

UN-AL-Le'VI-a-TED, a. Not alleviated; not mitigated. 

UN-AL-Ll'A-BLE, a. That can not be allied or connected 
in amity. 

UN-AL-LI.ED' (-al-lide'), a. 1. Having no alliance or con- 
nection, either by nature, marriage, or treaty. 2. Having 
no powerful relation. 

UN-AL-LOWA-BLE, a. That may not be allowed. 

UN-AL-LOW.ED', a. Not allowed ; not permitted. 

UN-AL-LOYjED', a. Not alloyed; not reduced by foreign 
admixture. — Mitford. 

UN-AL-LUR.ED', a. Not allured; not enticed. 

UN-AL-LuR'ING, a. Not alluring ; not tempting.— Mitford. 

UN-AL-LuR'ING-LY, adv. Not alluringly. 

UN-A.LMS.ED' (-amzd 1 ), a. Not having received alms. 
[Bad.] 

UN-ALTER-A-BLE, a. Not alterable ; unchangeable ; im- 
mutable. — South. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLE-NESS, ) n. Unchangeableness ; immu- 

UN-AL-TER-A-BIL'I-TY, J tability.— Woodward. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. Unchangeably ; immutably. 

UN-AL'TERJSD, a. Not altered or changed.— Dry den. 

UN-AL'TER-ING, a. Not altering.— Wiseman. 

UN-A-MaZ^E D', a. Not amazed ; free from astonishment. 

UN-AM-BI-Gu'I-TY, n. See Unambiguousness. 

UN-AM-BIGtT-OUS, a. Not ambiguous ; not of doubtful 
meaning; plain; clear; certain. — Chesterfield. 

UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a clear, explicit manner. 

UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS-NESS, n. Clearness ; explicitness. 

UN-AM-Bi"TIOUS (-am-bish'us), a. 1. Not ambitious ; free 
from ambition. 2. Not affecting show; not showy or 
prominent. 

UN-AM-Bl"TIOUS-LY (-bish'us-), adv. Not ambitiously. 

UN-AM-Bi"TIOUS-NESS, n. Freedom from ambition. 

UN-A-Me'NA-BLE, a. Not amenable or responsible. 

UN-A-MENDA-BLE, a. Not capable of emendation. 

UN-A-MEND'ED, a. Not amended ; not rectified. 

UN-a'MI-A-BLE, a. Not amiable ; not conciliating love ; not 
adapted to gain affection. — Spectator. 

UN-a'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of amiableness. 

O'N-A-MuSjED', a. Not amused ; not entertained. 

IJN-A-MuS'ING, a. Not amusing; not affording entertain- 
ment. 

UN-A-MOS'ING-LY, adv. Not amusingly. 

UN-A-Mu'SlVE, a. Not affording amusement. 

UN-AN-A-L06'I€-AL, a. Not analogical. 

UN-A-NAL'O-GOUS, a. Not analogous ; not agreeable to. 

UN- ANA? YZ.ED, a. Not analyzed ; not resolved into sim- 
ple parts. — Boyle. 

UN- ANCHORED, a. Not anchored ; not moored. 

UN-A-NeL-ED', a. Not having received extreme unction. 

UN-AN"GU-LA_R (-ang-gu-lar), a. Having no angles. 

UN-AN'I-MAL-IZJED, a. Not formed into animal matter. 

UN-AN'I-Ma-TED, a. 1. Not animated; not possessed of 
life. ?.. Not enlivened ; not having spirit ; dull. 

UN-AN'I-IvIa-TING, a. Not animating ; dull. 

U-NA-NIM'1-TY (yu-na-nim'e-te), n. [Fr. unanimite.] Agree- 
ment of a number of persons in opinion or determination. 

U-NAN'I-MOUS, a. 1. Being of one mind ; agreeing in opin- 
ion or determination. 2. Formed by unanimity. 

U-NAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With entire agreement of minds. 

U-NAN'I-MOUS-NESS, n. 1. The state of being of one 
mind. 2. Proceeding from unanimity. 

UN-AN-NE AL E D', a. Not annealed ; not tempered by heat ; 
suddenly cooled. 

UN-AN-NEX.ED' (-nekstf), a. Not annexed ; not ioined. 

UN-AN-Nl'HI-LA-BLE, a. That can not be annihilated. 

UN-AN-NOUNCEry, a. Not announced or proclaimed. 

UN-AN-NOY.E D', a. Not annoyed or incommoded. 

UN-A-NOINT'ED, a. 1. Not anointed. 2. Not having re- 
ceived extreme unction. — Shak. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLE (-an'ser-a-bl), a. Not to be satisfac- 
torily answered ; not capable of refutation. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLE-NESS. n. The state of being unan- 
swerable. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be an- 
swered ; beyond refutation. — South. 

UN-ANSWER.ED, a. Not answered; not opposed by a 
reply. 2. Not refuted. 3. Not suitably returned. 

UN-AN-TIC'1-Pa-TED, a. Not anticipated. 

UN-A-POC'RY-PHAL, a. Not apocryphal ; not of doubtful 
authority. — Milton. 

UN-AP-P ALL.E D' (-ap-pawW), a. Not appalled ; not daunt- 
ed ; not impressed with fear. 

UN-AP-F A.RELED, a. Not appareled ; not clothed. 

UN-AP-P a. R'ENT, a. Not apparent ; obscure; not visible. 



UN-AP-PeAL'A-BLE. a. Not appealable ; admitting no ap- 
peal ; that can not be carried to a higher court by appeal 

UN-AP-PeASA-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appeased or pacified 
2. Not placable. 

UN-AP-PEAS.ED', a. Not appeased ; not pacified. 

UN-AP-PLAUD'ED, a. Not applauded. 

UN-AP-PLAUD'ING, a. Not applauding. 

UN-AP-PLAU'SlVE, a. Not applauding. 

UN-AP-PLlA-BLE, a. Inapplicable.— Milton . [Little used. \ 

UN-AP'PLI-CA-BLE, a. Inapplicable ; that can not be ap- 
plied. 

UN-AP-PLI.ED' (-ap-plide'), a. Not applied ; not used a* 
cording to the destination. 

UN-AP'PO-SiTE, a. Not apposite ; not suitable. 

UN-AP-PRe'CIa-TED, a. Not duly estimated or valued. 

UN-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, a. 1. Not apprehended ; not taken. 
2. Not understood. — Hooker. 

UN-AP-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. Not capable of being under- 
stood. 

UN-AP-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. State of being unap- 
prehensive. 

UN-AP-PRE-HEN'SlVE, a. 1. Not apprehensive ; not fear- 
ful or suspecting. 2. Not intelligent ; not ready of con- 
ception. 

UN-AP-PRE-HEN'SiVE-LY, adv. Not apprehensively. 

UN-AP-PRE-HEN'SlVE-NESS, n. State of being unappre- 
hensive. _ 

UN-AP-PRiSED' (-prizd'), a. Not apprised ; not previously 
informed. 

UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That can not be approached ; 
inaccessible. 

UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inaccessibleness. 

UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be approachable 

UN-AP-PRoACHED' (-prochtf), a. Not approached ; not to 
be approached. — Milton. 

UN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Inappropriate. 

UN-AP-PRoTRI-I-TED, a. 1. Not appropriated; not ap 
plied or directed to be applied to any specific object. 2 
Not granted or given to any person, company, or corpo 
ration. 

UN-AP-PR5V.ED' (-proovd'), a. Not approved ; not having 
received approbation. — Milton. 

UN-AP-PRoV'ING, a. Not approving. 

UN-AP-PRoV'ING-LY, adv. With disapprobation. 

UN-APT, a. 1. Not apt; not ready or propense. 2. Dull; 
not ready to learn. 3. Unfit ; not qualified ; not disposed. 
4. Improper; unsuitable. 

UN-APT'LY, adv. Unfitly ; improperly.— Grew. 

UN- APTNESS, n. 1. Unfitness; unsuitableness. 2. Dull- 
ness ; want of quick apprehension. 3. Unreadiness ; dis- 
qualification ; want of propension. 

UN-aR'Gu.ED, a. 1. Not argued ; not debated. 2. Not dis- 
puted; not opposed by argument. 3. Not censured; [a 
Latinism; obs.] 

t UN-aRM', v. t. To disarm ; to strip of armor or arms. 

UN-A.RM.ED', a. 1. Not having on arms or armor ; not 
equipped. 2. Not furnished with scales, prickles, or other 
defense, as animals and plants. 

UN-AR-RaIGNED' (un-ar-rand'), a. Not arraigned; not 
brought to trial. — Daniel. 

UN-AR-RING.ED', a. Not arranged ; not disposed in order 

UN-AR-R1Y.ED' (-ar-rade'), a. 1. Not arrayed; not dressed 
— Dryden. 2. Not disposed in order. 

UN-AR-REST'ED, a. Not stopped ; not apprehended. 

UN-AR-RIV.ED', a. Not arrived.— Young. [Ill formed.] 

t UN-iRT'ED, a. Ignorant of the arts.— Waterhouse. 

UN- ARTFUL, a. 1. Not artful; artless; not having cun 
ning.— Dryden. 2. Wanting skill. — Cheyne ; [little used.] 

UN-aRT'FUL-LY, adv. Without art ; in an unartful manner. 

UN-aR-TI€'U-La-TED, a. Not articulated.— Encyc. 

UN-aR-TI-Fi"CIAL (-ar-te-fish'al), a. Not artificial; not 
formed by art. 

UN-aR-TI-Fi"CIAL-L Y, adv. Not with art ; in a manner con- 
trary to art. — Derham. 

UN-aRTIST-LIKE, a. Not like an artist. 

UN-AS-CEND'ED, a. Not ascended. 

UN-AS-CEND'1-BLE, a. That can not be ascended. 

UN-AS-CER-TilNA-BLE, a. That can not be ascertained, 
or reduced to a certainty. — Wheaton's Rep. 

UN-AS-CER-Ta.IN.ED', a. Not reduced to a certainty ; not 
certainly known. — Hamilton. 

UN-A-SHaM£D', a. Not ashamed. 

UN-aSKM)' (-askf), a. 1. Not asked ; unsolicited. 2. Not 
sought by entreaty or care. — Dryden. 

UN-AS-PE€TlVE, a. Not having a view to.— Feltham. 

UN-AS'PI-Ra-TED, a. Having no aspirate.— Parr. 

UN-AS-PIR'ING, a. Not aspiring ; not ambitious.— Rogers. 

UN-AS-PlR'ING-LY, adv. In an unaspiring manner. 

UN-AS-SaIL/A-BLE, a. Not assailable ; that can not be as 
saulted.— Shak. 

UN-AS-SaIL'A-BLY, adv. So as to be unassailable. 

UN-AS-SIIL.ED', a. Not assailed ; not attacked by violence 
— Milton. 



Se* Synopsis, a, e,i, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE. BiRD ;— M5VE, BOOK. 



UNA 



1065 



UNB 



CN-AS-SAULT'ED, a. Not assaulted ; not attacked. 

UN-AS-SaYJED' (-as-sade'), a. 1. Not essayed ; not attempt- 
ed. 2. Not subjected to assay or trial. 

UN-AS-SEM'BL£D, a. Not assembled or congregated. 

UN-AS-SERT'ED, a. Not asserted ; not affirmed ; not vin- 
dicated. 

UN-AS-SESSjBD' (-as-sesf), a. Not assessed ; not rated. 

UN-AS-SlGN'A-BLE (-sin-), a. Not assignable ; that can not 
be transferred by assignment or indorsement. — Jones. 

UN-AS-SlGN'A-BLY, adv. In an unassignable manner. 

UN-AS-SlGN2?D' (un-as-sind'), a. Not assigned ; not declar- 
ed ; not transferred. 

UN-AS-SIM'I-La-TED, a. 1. Not assimilated ; not made to 
resemble. — 2. In physiology, not united with, and actually 
made a part, either of the proper fluids or solids of the 
body ; not animalized, as food. 

UN-AS-SIM'I-La-TING, a. Not assimilating. 

UN-AS-SIST'ED, a. Not assisted ; not aided or helped. 

UN-AS-SISTTNG, a. Giving no help.— Dryden. 

UN-AS-So'CIa-TED, a. 1. Not associated ; not united with a 
society. — 2. In Connecticut, not united with an association. 

UN-AS-SORT'ED, a. Not assorted; not distributed into sorts. 

UN-AS-SUaG£T>' (un-as-swajd'), a. Not appeased. 

UN-AS-S0M.ED', a. Not assumed. 

UN-AS-SuM'ING, a. Not assuming ; not bold or forward ; 
not making lofty pretensions ; not arrogant ; modest. 

UN-AS-SUR.ED' (un-ash-shurd / ), a. 1. Not" assured ; not con- 
fident._ 2. Not to be trusted. 3. Not insured against loss. 

UN-A-ToN'A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased ; not to be recon- 
ciled.— Milton. 

UN-A-ToNED', a. Not expiated.— Rowe. 

UN-AT-TACILED' (-at-tachf), a. 1. Not attached ; not ar- 
rested. 2. Not closely adhering ; having no fixed interest. 
3. Not united by affection. 

UN-AT-TAGK'A-BLE, a. Not attackable. 

UN-AT-TAGK^D' (-at-takf), a. Not attacked ; not assaulted. 

UN-AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not to be gained or obtained. 

UN-AT-TaIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being beyond 
the reach or power. — Locke. 

UN-AT-TaIN'A-BLY, adv. In an unattainable manner. 

UN-AT-TaIN.ED', a. Not attained or reached. 

UN-AT-T1IN'ING, a. Not attaining. 

UN-AT-TaINT'ED, a. Not attainted ; not corrupted. 

UN-AT-TEM'PERED, a. Not tempered by mixture. 

UN-AT-TEMPTED, a. Not attempted ; not tried ; not es- 
sayed. 

UN-AT-TEND'ED, a. 1. Not attended ; not accompanied ; 
having no retinue or attendance. 2. Forsaken. 3. Not 
medically attended ; not dressed. 

UN-AT-TEND'ING, a. Not attending or listening ; not being 
attentive. 

UN-AT-TENTlVE, a. Not regarding ; inattentive. 

UN-AT-TEN'U-a-TED, a. Not attenuated. 

UN-AT-TEST'ED, a. Not attested ; having no attestation. 

UN-AT-TlRED', a. Not attired ; not adorned. 

UN-AT-TRAGT'ED, a. Not attracted; not affected by at- 
traction. 

UN-AT-TRAGT'IVE, a. Not attractive. 

U-NAU', n. An edentate mammal, larger than a cat, the two- 
toed sloth. 

UN-AUD'IT-ED, a. Not audited or adjusted. 

UN-AUG-MENT'ED, a. Not augmented or increased.— In 
grammar, having no augment, or additional syllable. 

UN-AU-THENTIG, a. Not authentic ; not genuine or true. 

UN-AU-THENTIG-A-TED, a. Not authenticated ; not made 
certain by authority. 

UN-AU-THOR'I-TA-TiVE. a. Not authoritative.— Campbell. 

UN-AU-THOR'I-TA-TlVE-LY, adv. Without authority. 

UN-AU'THOR-lZED, a. Not authorized ; not warranted by 
proper authority ; not duly commissioned. 

UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE, a. Not available ; not having sufficient 
power to produce the intended effect ; not effectual ; vain ; 
useless. 

UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inefficacy ; uselessness. 

UN-A-VaIL'A-BLY, adv. Without availing or success. 

UN-A-V1IL'ING, a. Not having the effect desired; ineffect- 
ual ; useless : vain. 

UN-A-VIIL'ING-LY, adv. Without effect. 

UN-A-VEN6EA-BLE, a. Not avengeable. 

UN-A-VENgED', a. 1. Not avenged; not having obtained 
satisfaction. 2. Not punished. 

UN-AVE-NU.ED, a. Having no avenue.— Pollok. 

UN-A-VERT'ED, a. Not averted ; not turned away. 

U'NA VO'CE. [L.] With one voice ; unanimously. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be made null or void. 
2. Not avoidable ; not to be shunned ; inevitable. 3. Not 
to be missed in ratiocination. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoida- 
ble; inevitableness. — Glanville. 

UN-A-VOIDA-BLY, adv. Inevitably ; in a manner that pre- 
vents failure or escape. 

rjN-A-VOlD ED, a. 1. Not avoided or shunned. 2. Inevi- 
table. 



UN-A-VO WEB', a. Not avowed ; not acknowledged ; not 
owned ; not confessed. 

UN-A-WaKED', ) a. 1. Not awakened ; not roused from 

UN-A-WaK'£NED, ) sleep. 2. Not roused from spiritual 
slumber or stupidity. 

UN-A-WaK'JSN-JNG, a. Not awakening. 

UN-A-WaRE', a. Without thought ; inattentive. — Swift. 

UN-A-WaRE', ladv. 1. Suddenly; unexpectedly; without 

UN-A-WaRES', i previous preparation. 2. Without pre 
meditated design. — At unawares, unexpectedly. — Dryden. 

UN-AWED', a. Not awed; not restrained by fear; un 
daunted. 

UN-BAGKJED' (-bakf), a. 1. Not having been backed. 2. Not 
tamed ; not taught to bear a rider. 3. Unsupported ; left 
without aid. 

UN-BAFTL.ED, a. Not defeated ; not confounded. 

UN-BIKED' (-bakf), a. Not baked. 

UN-BAL'ANC-ED (-bal'anst), a. 1. Not balanced ; not pols 
ed ; not in equipoise. 2. Not adjusted ; not settled ; not 
brought to an equality of debt and credit. 3. Not restrained 
by equal power. 

UN-BAL'LAST, v. i. To free from ballast; to discharge the 
ballast from. — Totten. 

UN-BAL'LAST-ED, a. i. Freed from ballast. 2. Not fur- 
nished with ballast ; not kept steady by ballast or bv 
weight ; unsteady. 

UN-BANDAG.ED, a. Not bandaged. 

UN-BAND'ED, a. Stripped of a band ; having no band 

UN-BAN'NER.ED, a. Having no banner.— Pollok. 

UN-BAP-TIZ.ED', a. Not baptized.— Hooker. 

UN-BAP-TlZ'ING, a. Net baptizing.— Coleridge. 

UN-BaR', v. t. To remove a bar or bars from ; to unfasten 
to open ; as, to unbar a gate. 

t UN-BaRB£D', a. Not shaven.— Shak. 

UN-BaRK ED' (-barktf), a. Stripped of its bark.— Bacon. 

UN-BXRR.ED', pp. Having its bars removed ; unfastened. 

UN-BaR'RING, ppr. Removing the bars from ; unfastening 

UN-BASH'FUL, a. Not bashful ; bold ; impudent 

UN-BASH'FUL-LY, adv. Boldly; impudently. 

t UN-BaT'ED, a. Not repressed ; not blunted. 

UN-BITH.ED', a. Not bathed ; not wet— Dryden. 

UN-BAT'TER.ED, a. Not battered ; not bruised. 

t UN-BaY', v. t. To open ; to free from the restraint oi 
mounds. 

UN-BEaR'A-BLE, a. Not to be borne or endured. 

UN-BeARD'ED (un-berd'ed), a. [See *Beard.] Having no 
beard ; beardless. 

UN-BEaR'ING, a. Bearing or producing no fruit. — Dryden. 

UN-BeAT'.EN, a. 1. Not beaten ; not treated with blows. 
2. Untrod ; not beaten by the feet. 

UN-BEAu'TE-OUS ) (-bu'te-), a. Not beautiful : having no 

UN-BE AU'TI-FUL 5 beauty.— Hammon d. 

UN-BEAu'TE-OUS-LY (un-bu'te-us-le), adv. In an unbeaute- 
ous manner. 

UN-BEA0'TI-Fl.ED (un-bu'te-fide), a. Not beautified oi 
adorned. 

UN-BEAu'TI-FUL-LY, adv. In an unbeautiful manner. 

t UN-BE-G6ME' (-be-kum'), v. t. Not to become ; not to be 
suitable to ; to misbecome. — Sherlock. 

UN-BE-G6M'ING (-kum'ing), a. Unsuitable ; improper for 
the person or character ; indecent ; indecorous. — Dryden. 

UN-BE-G6M1NG-LY, adv. In an unsuitable manner ; in- 
decorously. — Bai-row. 

UN-BE-G6M'ING-NESS, n. Unsuitableness to the person, 
charactei - , or circumstances ; impropriety ; indecorousness, 

UN-BED', v. t. To raise or rouse from bed. — Walton. 

UN-BED'DED, pp. Raised from bed ; disturbed. 

UN-BED'DING, ppr. Raising from bed. 

UN-BE-FIT'TING, a. Not befitting ; unsuitable ; unbecoming. 

UN-BE-FRlEND'ED (un-be-frend'ed), a. Not befriended; 
not supported by friends ; having no friendly aid. 

UN-BE-GET, v. t. To deprive of existence.— Dryden. 

UN-BE-GOT', \a. 1. Not generated ; eternal. 2. Not 

UN-BE-GOT'TEN, J yet generated. 3. Not begotten ; not 
generated. 

UN-BE-GUILE' (-gile'), v. t. To undeceive ; to free from the 
influence of deceit. — Donne. 

UN-BE-GUIL.ED', pp. Undeceived. 

UN-BE-GUlL'ING, ppr. Undeceiving. 

UN-BE-GUN', a. Not begun.— Hooker. 

UN-BE-HELD', a. Not beheld ; not seen ; not visible. 

UN-Be'ING, a. Not existing. — Brown. 

UN-BE-LIeF' (-be-leef), n. [Sax. ungeleafa.] 1. Incredu- 
lity ; the withholding of belief. 2. Infidelity ; disbelief of 
divine revelation ; skepticism. — 3. In the New Testament, 
disbelief of the truth of the Gospel.- Matt., xiii. 4. Weak 
faith. — Mark, ix. 

UN-BE-LIe VE', v. t. 1. To discredit ; not to believe or trust 
2. Not to think real or true. 

UN-BE-LIEV.ED', pp. Not believed ; discredited. 

UN-BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1. An incredulous person ; one who 
does not believe. 2. An infidel; one who discredits rev- 
elation. 



DftVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J • S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



UNB 



1066 



UNB 



UN BE-LIeV'ING, a. 1. Not believing; incredulous. 2. In- 
fidel ; discrediting divine revelation. 

UN-BE-LIeV'ING-LY, adv. In an unbelieving manner. 

UN-BE-LIeV'ING-NESS, n. State of being unbelieving. 

UN-BE-L6VJED' (-luvd'), a. Not loved.— JJryden. 

UN-BE-MoAN£D', a. Not lamented.— Pollok. 

UN-BEND', v. t. 1. To free from flexure ; to make straight. 
2. To relax ; to remit from a strain or from exertion ; to 
set at ease for a time. 3. To relax effeminately .—4. In 
seamanship, to take the sails from their yards and stays ; 
also, to cast loose a cable from the anchors ; also, to untie 
one rope from another. 

UN-BEND'ING, ppr. 1. Relaxing from any strain ; remit- 
ting ; taking from their yards, &c, as sails. 2. a. Not suf- 
fering flexure. 3. Unyielding ; resolute ; inflexible. 4. 
Unyielding ; inflexible ; firm. 5. Devoted to relaxation. 

UN-BEND'ING-LY, adv. Without bending ; obstinately. 

UN-BEN'E-FlCED (-ben'e-fist), a. Not enjoying or having a 
benefice. 

UN-BEN-E-Fi"CIAL (-ben-e-fish'al), a. Not beneficial. 

UN-BEN'E-FIT-ED, a. Not having received benefit. 

UN-BE-NEV'O-LENT, a. Not benevolent ; not land. 

UN-BE-NlGHTED (-nifed), a. Never visited by darkness. 

UN-BE-NlGN' (un-be-nine'), a. Not benign ; not favorable 
or propitious ; malignant. — Milton. 

UN-BENT', pp. of unbe nd. 1. Relaxed; remitted; relieved 
from strain or exertion. — 2. In seamen's language, taken 
from the yards ; loosed. 3. Not strained ; unstrung. 4. 
Not crushed ; not subdued. 

UN-BE-QUeATHED' (-be-kweefhd'), a. Not bequeathed ; not 
given by legacy. 

UN-BE-SEEM'ING, a. Unbecoming; not befitting; unsuit- 
able. 

UN-BE-SEEM'ING-LY, adv. In an unbecoming manner. 

UN-BE-SEEM'ING-NESS, n. State of being unbeseeming. 

UN-BE-SOUGHT (un-be-sawf ), a. Not besought ; not sought 
by petition or entreaty. — Milton. 

UN-BE-SPoK'EN, a. Not bespoken, or ordered beforehand. 

UN-BE-STaRRED' (-stard'), a. Not adorned or distinguished 
by stars. — Pollok. 

UN-BE-ST6W.ED', a. Not bestowed ; not given ; not dis- 
posed of. 

UN-BE-TRIY.ED' (-be-trade'), a. Not betrayed.— Daniel. 

UN-BE-WaIL£D', a. Not bewailed ; not lamented. 

UN-BE-W1TCH, v. t. To free from fascination.— South. 

UN-Bl'AS, v. t. To free from bias or prejudice. — Swift. 

UN-Bl'ASED (bi'ast), pp. 1. Freed from prejudice or bias. 
2. a. Free from any undue partiality or prejudice ; im- 
partial. 

UN-BIAS.ED-LY, adv. Without prejudice ; impartially. 

UN-Bl'AS-ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bias or prejudice. 

UN-BID', ? a. 1. Not bid ; not commanded. 2. Spon- 

UN-BID'D .EN, > taneous. 3. Uninvited ; not requested to 
attend. 

UN-BIG'OT-ED, a. Free from bigotry.— Addison. 

UN-BlND', v. t. To untie ; to remove a band from ; to un- 
fasten ; to loose ; to set free from shackles. 

UN-BlND'ING, ppr. Untying; setting free. 

UN -BISHOP, v. t. To deprive of episcopal orders. 

UN-BISH'OP£D (-opt), pp. Deprived of episcopal orders. 

UN -BIT', a. Not bitten.— Young. 

UNJBIT, v. t. 1. In seamanship, to remove the turns of a ca- 
ble from off the bitts.— Totten. 2. To unbridle. 

UN-BITTED, pp. Removed from the bitts ; unbridled. 

UN-BITTING, ppr. Unbridling ; removing from the bitts. 

UN-BLaM'A-BLE, a. Not blamable ; not culpable. 

UN-BLIM'A-BL'E-NESS, n. State of being chargeable with 
no blame or fault. — More. 

UN-BLaM'A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to incur no 
blame. — 1 Thess., ii. 

UN-BLaMED', a. Not blamed ; free from censure. 

UN-BLaST'ED, a. Not blasted ; not made to wither. 

UN-BLE ACH.ED' (-bleechf), a. Not bleached ; not whitened. 

UN-BLEED'ING, a. Not bleeding ; not suffering loss of 
blood. — Byron, 

UN-BLEM'ISH-A-BLE. a. Not capable of being blemished 

UN-BLEM'ISH-A-BL Y, adv. Without being blemishable. 

UN-BLEMISHED (-isht), a. 1. Not blemished ; not stained 
free from turpitude or reproach. 2. Free from deformi- 
ty. — Syn. Blameless; spotless; unstained; untarnished; 
irreproachable. 

UN-BLENCH.ED' (-blencht), a. Not disgraced ; not injured 
by any stain or soil. — Milton. 

UN-BLENCH'ING, a. Not shrinking or flinching ; firm. 

UN-BLEND'ED, a. Not blended ; not mingled. 

UN-BLEST', a. 1. Not blest ; excluded from benediction. — 
Bacon. 2. Wretched ; unhappy. — Prior. 

UN-BLlGHT'ED, a. Not blighted ; not blasted.— Cowper. 

UN-BLiGHT'ED-LY, adv. Without being blighted. 

UN-BLiND'ED, a. Not blinded. 

UN-BLO€K-aD'.ED, a. Not blockaded. 

UN-BLOOD'ED (-blud'ded), a. Not stained with blood.— 
Shak. 



UN-BLOOD'Y, a. 1. Not stained with blood. 2. Not shed 
ding blood ; not cruel. — Dryden. 

UN-BLOS'SOM-ING, a. Not producing blossoms.— Mason 

UN-BLOT'TED, a. Not blotted. 

UN-BLoWN', a. 1. Not blown ; not having the bud expand 
ed. 2. Not extinguished. 3. Not inflated with wind. 

UN-BLUNT'ED, a. Not made obtuse or dull ; not blunted.- - 
Cowley. 

UN-BLUSH'ING, a. Not blushing ; destitute of shame ; im- 
pudent. — Thomson. 

UN-BLUSH'ING-LY, adv. In an impudent manner. 

UN-BoAST'ED, a. Not boasted. 

UN-BoAST'FUL, a. Not boasting; unassuming; modest 

UN-BoAST'FUL-LY, adv. Without being boastful. 

UN-BOD'l£D"(-bod'id), a. 1. Having no material body ; in 
corporeal. 2. Freed from the body. — Spenser. 

UN-BOILED', a. Not boiled ; as, unboiled rice. — Bacon. 

UN-BoLT', v. t. To remove a bolt from ; to unfasten ; to 
open.— Shak. 

UN-BoLT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Freed from fastening by bolts. 
2. a. Unsifted ; not bolted ; not having the bran or coarse 
part separated by a bolter. 

UN-BoLT'ING, ppr. Freeing from fastening by bolts. 

UN-BON'NET-ED, a. Having no bonnet on.— Shak. 

UN-BOOK'ISH, a. 1. Not addicted to books or reading. 2. 
Not cultivated by erudition. — Shak. 

UN-BOOT, v. t. To take off boots from. 

UN-BOOTED, pp. 1. Stripped of boots. 2. a. Not having 
bocts on. 

UN-BOOTING, ppr. Taking off boots. 

UN-BORN' or UN'BORN, a. Not born ; not brought into 
life ; future. 

UN-BOR'RoWED, a. Not borrowed ; genuine ; original , 
native ; one's own. 

UN-Bo'SOM, v. t. 1. To disclose freely one's secret opin- 
ions or feelings. — Milton. 2. To reveal in confidence. 

UN-Bo'SOM.ED, pp. Disclosed, as secrets ; revealed in con- 
fidence. 

UN-Bo'SOM-ING, ppr. Disclosing, as secrets ; revealing in 
confidence. 

UN-BOTTOM.ED, a. 1. Having no bottom ; bottomless. 2 
Having no solid foundation. — Hammond. 

UN-BOUGHT' (un-bawf ), a. 1. Not bought ; obtained with 
out money or purchase. 2. Not having a purchaser. 

UN-BOUND', a. 1. Not bound ; loose ; wanting a cover. 

2. Not bound by obligation or covenant. 3. pret. of un 
bind. 

UN-BOUND'ED, a. 1. Having no bound or limit ; unlimited 
in extent. 2. Having no check or control. — Syn. Bound- 
less ; infinite ; unlimited ; illimitable ; interminable ; unre 
strained ; uncontrolled. 

UN-BOUND'ED-LY, adv. Without bounds or limits. 

UN-BOUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bounds. 

UN-BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Not bounteous ; not liberal. 

UN-B5W, v. t. To unbend.— Fuller. 

UN-BOW.ED', a. Not bent ; not arched. — Shak. 

UN-BOWEL, v. t. To deprive of the entrails ; exenterate ; 
to eviscerate.— Decay of Piety. 

UN-BOW'ELEJD, pp. Eviscerated. 

UN-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking out the bowels. 

UN-BRaCE', v. t. To loose ; to relax. 

UN-BRICED' (-brastf), pp. Loosed ; relaxed. 

UN-BRiCING, ppr. Loosing; relaxing. 

UN-BRaID', v. t. To separate the strands of a braid ; to dis- 
entangle. 

UN-BRaID'ED, pp. Disentangled, as the strands of a braid. 

UN-BRaID'ING, ppr. Separating the strands of a braid. 

UN-BRaNCHED' (-branchf), a. Not ramified ; not shooting 
into branches. 

UN-BRaNCH'ING, a. Not dividing into branches. 

UN-BReAST' (un-bresf), v. t. To disclose or lay open. 

UN-BReAST'ED (-brest'ed), pp. Disclosed ; laid open 

UN-BReAST'ING, ppr. Disclosing. 

UN-BReATH'A-BLE, a. Not breathable or respirable. 

UN-BReATHED', a. Not exercised.— Shak. 

UN-BREATH'ING, a. Unanimated.— Shak. 

UN-BRED', a. 1. Not well bred ; not polished in manners 
ill educated ; rude. 2. Not taught. 

UN-BREECHED' (-breecht'), a. Having no breeches.— Shak 

UN-BREWED', a. Not mixed; pure; genuine.— Young. 

t UN-BRIB'A-BLE, a. That can not be bribed.— Feltham. 

UN-BRIB.ED', a. Not bribed ; not corrupted by money ; no' 
unduly influenced by money or gifts. 

UN-BRIDgED', a. Not furnished or crossed by a bridge. 

UN-BRl'DLE, v. t. To free from the bridle. 

UN-BRI'DLED, pp. 1. Loosed from the bridle. 2. a. Un- 
restrained ; licentious. 

UN-BRIGHTEN.ED, a. Not brightened. 

UN-BR5KE', I a. 1. Not broken ; not violated. 2. Wot 

UN-BRoK'£N, j weakened ; not crushed ; not subdued. 

3. Not tamed ; not taught ; not accustomed to the saddle, 
harness, or yoke. . , 

UN-BR6THER-LY (-brufh'er-le), a. Not becoming a broth 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. 



UNC 



1067 



UNC 



er ; not suitable to the character and relation of a brother ; 
unkind. [ Unbrot/ier-Uke is not used.] 
UN-BRuIS-ED', a. Not bruised ; not crushed or hurt. 
UN-BU€K'LE, v. t. To loose from buckles ; to unfasten. 
UN-BU€K'L_ED, pp. Loosed from buckles ; unfastened. 
UN-BUCKLING, ppr. Loosing from buckles ; unfastening. 
UN-BUlLD' (-un-bild'), v. t. To demolish what is built ; to 

raze ; to destroy. — Milton. 
UN-BUILT (-un-biir), a. Not yet built ; not erected. 
UN-BUoYED' (un-bwoyd'), a. Not buoyed or borne up. 
UN-BUR DEN-S6ME (-bur'dn-sum), a. Not oppressive. 
I'X-BUR'iED (-un-beririd), a. Not buried; not interred. 
UN-BURNED', \ a. 1. Not burned ; not consumed by fire. 
UN-BURNT, 3 2. Not injured by fire ; not scorched. 3. 

Not baked as brick. 
UN-BURN'ING, a. Not consuming away by fire. 
UN-BURTHEN, \ v. t. 1. To rid'of a load; to free from a 
UN-BUR'DEN, $ burden ; to ease. 2. To throw off. 3. 
To relieve the mind or heart by disclosing what lies heavy 
on it. 
UN-BURTHENED, ? pp. Freed from a load; thrown off; 
UN-BUR'DENED, 5 eased; relieved. 
UN-BURTHEN-ING, \ ppr. Freeing from a load or burden ; 
UN-BUR'DEN-LNG, 5 relieving from what is a burden. 
UN-BUS'lED (un-biz'zid), a. Not busied ; not employed ; 

idle. 
UN-BUS'I-NESS-LlKE (-biz'nes-), a. Not business-like. 
UN-BUST (un-biz'zy), a. Not busy. 

UN-BUTTON, v. t. To loose from being fastened by but- 
tons ; to loose buttons — Shak. 
UN-BUTTONED, pp. Loosed from buttons.— Addison. 
UN-BUTT ON-ING, ppr. Loosing from buttons. 
UN-€agE', v. t. To loose from a cage. 
UN-C AGED', pp. B.eleased from a case or from confinement 
UN-CAL-CINED', a. [See *Calcixe.] Net calcined.— Boyle. 
UN-€AL'€U-LI-TED, a. Not subjected to calculation. 
UN-€AL'€U-La-TING, a. Not making calculations. 
I W-CAL'CU-L I-TING-LY, adv. Without calculation. 
UN-CALLED', a. Not called ; not summoned ; not invited. 

— Uncalled for, not required ; not needed or demanded. 
f UN-€aL>F (-kam), v. t. To disturb.— Dryden. 
UN-€A-LUi\FNM-TED, a. Not calumniated or defamed. 
UN-€AN'CEL-A-BLE, a. That can not be canceled. 
UN-€AN'CELED, a. Not canceled ; not erased. 
UN-€AN'DLD, a. Not candid ; not frank or sincere ; not 

fair or impartial. 
UN-€AN'DID-LY, adv. Without candor. 
UN-€A-NON'I€-AL, a. Not agreeable to the canons ; not 

acknowledged as authentic. — Barrow. 
UN-CA-NON'IC-AL-LY, adv. In an uncanonical manner. 
UN-CA-NON1C-AL-NESS, n. The state of being uncanon- 
ical. 
UN-€AN'ON-lZE, v. t. 1. To deprive of canonical authori- 
ty. 2. To reduce from the rank of a canon or saint. 
UN-CAN'O-PlED (-pid), a. Not covered by a canopy. 
UN-€AN'VAS3ED (-kan'vast), a. Not canvassed. 
UN-CAP', v. t. To remove a cap or cover ; to open. 
UN-€aTA-BLE, a. Incapable. 
!■ UN-€aPE', v. t. Among huntsmen, to let a fox out of a bag 

for the purpose of being chased. — Shah. 
UN-CAPPED' (-kapt), pp. Opened. 
UN-CAPTI-VI-TED, a. Not'captivated.— Rambler. 
UN-C1RED' for, a. Not regarded ; not heeded. 
UN-CA-RESSED' Oka-rest"), a. Not caressed. 
UN-CaR'NATE. a Not fleshly.— Broken. 
UN-eiRPET-ED, a. Not covered with a carpet. 
UN-CaSE', v. t. 1. To disengage from a covering; to take 

oft' or out. 2. To flay ; to strip. 
UN-CISED' (-kastf), pp. Stripped of a covering or case. 
UN-€aSTNG. ppr. Disengaging from a cover. 
UN-€ASTRa-TED, a. Not castrated. 

UN-€ATE-€HlSED, a. Not catechised ; untaught.— Milton. 
UN-CAUGHT (un-kawt/), a. Not yet caught or taken. 
UN-CAUSED', a. Having no precedent cause ; existing 

without an author. 
UN-CAUTIOUS, c. Not cautious ; not wary ; heedless. 
UN-C|ASTNG, a. Not ceasing; not intermitting; continual. 
UN-CeAS'ING-LY, adv. Without intermission or cessation. 
— Syx. Continually ; uninterruptedly ; constantly ; per- 
petually ; always; ever; forever. 
UN-CED'ED, a._ Not ceded ; not granted or transferred. 
UN-CEL'E-BRa-TED, a. Not celebrated ; not solemnized. 
UN-CE-LESTIAL (-lesfyal), a. Not heavenly.— Feltham. 
UN-CE-MENTED, a. Not cemented. 

UN-CEN'SUR-A-BLE. a. Not worthy of censure.— Dwiglu. 
UN-CEN'SUR-A-BLY, adv. In an uncensurable manner. 
UN-CEN'SURjED (un-sen'shurd), a. Not censured ; exempt 

from blame or reproach. — Pope. 
UN-CENTRIC- AL, a. Not central ; distant from the center. 
UN-CER-E-Mo'NI-AL, a. Not ceremonial. 
UN-CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not ceremonious ; not formal. 
UN-CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. Without ceremony or 
form. 



UN-CER'TAIN (un-ser'tin), a. 1. Not certain ; not certaimy 

known. 2. Not having certain knowledge. 3. Not sure in 

the consequence. 4. Not sure ; not exact. 5. Unsettled; 

irregular.— Syn. Doubtful ; dubious ; precarious. 

tUN-CERTAINED, a. Made uncertain.- Raleigh. 

UN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. 1. Not surely ; not certainly. 2. 

Not confidently. — Locke. 
UN-CER'TAIN-TY, n. 1. Doubtfulness ; dubiousness. 2. 
Want of certainty ; want of precision. 3. Contingency. 
4. Something unknown, 
t UN-CES'SANT, a. Continual; incessant. 
tUN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Incessantly. 

UN-CHaIN', v. t. To free from chains or slavery. 

UN-CH5IN£D', pp. Disengaged from chains, shackles, or 
slavery. 

UN-CHaIN'ING, ppr. Freeing from chains, bonds, or re- 
straint. 

UN-CHAL'LENgE-A-BLE, a. That can not be challenged 
— Scott. 

UN-CHAL'LENgE-A-BLY, adv. So as to be unchallengeable. 

UN-CHaNgE'A-BLE, a. Not capable of change ; immuta- 
ble ; not subject to variation. 

UN-CHaNgE'A-BLE-NESS, 7i. The state or quality of be- 
ing subject to no change ; immutability. — Newton. 

UN-CHaNGE'A-BLY, adv. Without change ; immutably. 

UN-CHaNg£D', a. 1. Not changed or altered. 2. Not al- 
terable. 

UN-CHaNg'ING. a. Not changing ; suffering no alteration. 

UN-CHaNG'ING-LY, adv. Without changing. 

UN-€HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI€, a. Not characteristic ; not ex- 
hibiting a character. — Gregory. 

UN-€HAR-A€-TER-ISTI€-AL-LY, adv. Not in a charac- 
teristic manner. 

t UN-CHaRgE', v. t. To retract an accusation. 

UN-CHiRGiD', a. Not charged ; not loaded.— Shak. 

UN-CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. Not charitable ; contrary to char- 
ity, or the universal love prescribed by Christianity. 

UN-CHAR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. Want of charity. 

UN-CHAR'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a manner contrary to charity 

UN-CHaRM', v. t. To release from some charm, fascina- 
tion, or secret power. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

UN-CHaRM-ED', a. Not charmed ; not fascinated. 

UN-CHaRM'ING, a. Not charming.— Dryden. 

UN-CHaRTED, a. Not described or delineated on a chart 

UN-CHaRT'ER£D, a. Having no charter. 

t UN-CHaRT, a. Not wary ; not frugal.— Shak. 

UN-CHaSTE', a. Not chaste ; not continent ; not pure ; li- 
bidinous ; lewd. — Milton. 

UN-CHISTE'LY, adv. Incontinently ; lewdly.— MiUon. 

UN-CHAS-TlS'A-BLE, a. That can not be chastised. 

UN-CHAS-TIS.ED' (-chas-tizd'), a. 1. Not chastised; not 
punished. 2. Not corrected ; not restrained. 

UN-CHAS'TI-TY, n. Incontinence; lewdness; unlawful in- 
dulgence of the sexual appetite. — Woodward. 

UN-CHeAT'ED, a. Not cheated. 

UN-CHE€rLED' (-chekt), a. 1. Not checked ; not le 
strained ; not hindered. 2. Not contradicted. — Shak. 

UN-CHECK/ER.ED, a. Not checkered ; not diversified 

UN-CHEER.ED', a. Not cheered. 

UN-CHEER'FUL, a. Not cheerful ; sad.— Shak. 

UN-CHEER'FUL-LY, adv. In an tmcheerful manner. 

UN-CHEER'FUL-NESS, n. Want of cheerfulness ; sadness, 

UN-CHEERT, a. Dull ; not enlivening.— Sterne. 

UN-CHEW£D', a. Not chewed or masticated.— Dryden. 

UN-CHlD'ED, a. Not chided or rebuked. 

UN-CHlLD', v. t. To bereave of children.— Shak. 

UN-cHIV'AL-ROUS (-slnVal-rus), a. Not according to the 
rules of chivalry. 

UN-cHIV'AL-ROUS-LY, adv. Not chivalrously. 

UN-CHRISTENED, a. Not baptized and named. 

UN-CHRISTIAN (-kristyan), a. 1. Contrary to the laws oi 
Christianity. 2. Not evangelized ; not converted to the 
Christian faith ; infidel. 

UN-CHRISTIAN, v. t. To deprive of the constituent quali- 
ties of Christianity. — South. 

UN-CHRISTIAN-LiKE, a. Not like a Christian. 

UN-€HaiSTIAN-lZE, v. t. To turn from the Christian 
faith ; to cause to degenerate from the belief and profes 
sion of Christianity. 

UN-CHRISTIAN-IZED, pp. Not Christianized. 

UN-CHRISTIAN-LY, a. Contrary to the laws of Christian 
ity ; unbecoming Christians. — Milton. 

UN-CHRISTIAN-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to Christ- 
ian principles. — Bedell. 

UN-CHRISTIAN-NESS, n. Contrariety to Christianity 

UN-CURON'I-€L.ED, a. Not recorded in a chronicle. * 

UN-CHURCH', v. t. To expel from a church ; to deprm 
of the character and rights of a church.— Milnar. 

UN-CHURCHED' (-churchf), pp. Expelled from a chuich 

UN-CHURCH'ING, ppr. Expelling from a chnrch. 

UNCIAL (un'shal), a. [L. uncialis^] Pertaining to or aenot 
ing letters of a large size, used in ancient manuscripts. 

UNCIAL, n. An uncial letter. 



DOVE —BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER. VF'CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHaaSH; TH as in this, i Obsolete. 



UNC 



1068 



UNC 



JN'CI-FORM, %. [L. uncus and forma.) Hook-shaped ; hav- 
ing the form of a hook ; as, the unciform bone of the wrist. 



UN'CI-NATE, a. [L. uncinatus.] In botany, hooked at the 
end. — Martyn._ 

UN-CiR'€UM-ClSED, a. Not circumcised.— Scripture. 

UN-CIR-€UM-Ci"SION (-sur-kum-sizh'un), n. 1. Absence 
or want of circumcision.— 2. In Scripture, the Gentiles 
who did not practice circumcision. — Rom., iv., 9. 

UN-ClR-€UM-S€RlBED>. Not circumscribed; not bound- 
ed ; not limited. — Addison. 

UN-CiR'€UM-SPE€T, a. Not circumspect ; not cautious. 

UN-CiR'€UM-SPE€T-LY, adv. Without circumspection. 

\ UN-CIR-CUM-STANTIAL, a. Not important.— Brown. 

UN-CIVIL, a. 1. Not civil; not complaisant; not courte- 
ous in manners. 2. Net polite. — Syn. Uncourteous ; un- 
polite ; discourteous ; uncourtly ; rude ; clownish ; un- 
mannered. 

UN-CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, n. A state of savagenes3 ; rude 
state. 

UN-CIV'IL-iZED, a. 1. Not reclaimed from savage life. 2. 
Coarse ; indecent. — Addison ; [obs.] 

UN-CIV'IL-LY, adv. Not complaisantly ; not courteously. 

UN-CLAD', a. Not clad ; not clothed. 

UN-€LaIMED', a. Not claimed ; not demanded. 

UN-GLAR'I-FlED, a. Not purified ; not fined ; not depu- 
rated by a separation of feculent or foreign matter. 

UN-CLASP', v. t. To loose a clasp ; to open what is fasten- 
ed with a clasp. — Shah. 

UN-CLaSP'ING, ppr. Loosing a clasp. 

UN-€LAS'SIC, )a. 1. Not classic ; not according to the 

UN-€LAS'SIC-AL, ) best models of writing. 2. Not per- 
taining to the classic writers. 

UN-€LAS'SIC-AL-LY, adv. Not according to the classics. 

UN'CLE (unkl), n. [Fr. on.de ; contracted from L. avuncu- 
lus.] The brother of one's father or mother. 

UN-CLe AN', a. 1. Not clean ; foul ; dirty ; filthy.— 2. In the 
Jewish law, ceremonially impure. — Lev., xi. 3. Foul with 
sin. — Matt., x. 4. Not in covenant with God. — 1 Cor., vii. 
5. Lewd ; unchaste. 

UN-CLeAN'A-BLE, a. That can not be cleansed. 

UN-CLeAN'LI-NESS (un-klenle-nes), n. Want of cleanli- 
ness ; filthiness. — Clarendon. 

UN-€LEAN'LY (un-klenle), a. 1. Foul; filthy; dirty.— 
Shak._ 2. Indecent ; unchaste ; obscene. 

UN-€LeAN'NESS, n. 1. Foulness; dirtiness; filthiness. 2. 
Want of ritual or ceremonial purity. — Lev., xv.. 3. Moral 
impurity ; defilement by sin ; sinfulness. 4. Lewdness ; 
incontinence. — Col., hi. 

UN-CL&ANSED' (un-klenzdO, a. Not cleansed; not purified. 

UN-CLeAV'A-BLE, a. That can not be cleaved or split. 

UN-CLEW, v. t. To undo ; to unwind, unfold, or untie. 

UN-CLE WED', pp. Undone ; unwound or untied. 

UN-CLINCH', v. t. To open the closed hand.— Garth. 

UN-CLINCHED' (-klinchtf), pp. Opened ; unclosed. 

UN-CLIPPED' (-klipf), a. Not clipped; not cut; not di- 
minished or shortened by clipping. 

UN-€LoAKED' (-klokf), a. Not covered or disguised. 

UN-CLOG', v. t. To disencumber of difficulties and obstruc- 
tions ; to free from encumbrances or any thing that retards 
motion. 

UN-CLOGGED', pp. or a. Disencumbered ; set free from 
obstructions. 

UN-CLOG'GING, ppr. Disencumbering. 

UN-€LOIS'TER, v. t. To release from a cloister or from 
confinement ; to set at liberty. — Norris. 

UN-CLOISTERED, pp. Released from a cloister or from 
confinement. 

UN-€LOTS'TER-ING, ppr. Releasing from confinement. 

UN-CL5SE', v. t. 1. To open ; to break the seal of. 2. To 
disclose ; to lay open. 

UN-CL5SED' (un-klozd'), pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not sepa- 
rated by inclosures ; open. 3. Not finished ; not con- 
cluded. 4. Not closed ; not sealed. 

UN-€Loffl'ING, ppr. Opening ; breaking the seal of. 

UN-CLoTHE', v. t. To strip of clothes ; to make naked ; to 
divest.— Watts. 

UN-CL5THED', pp. Stripped of clothing or covering. 

UN-CLoTH'ED-LY, adv. Without clothing.— Bacon. 

UN-€LoTH'ING, ppr. Stripping of clothing. 

UN-CLoTH'ING, n. Act of taking oil" clothes. 

dN-CLOUD', v. i. To unveil ; to clear from obscurity or 
clouds. 

UN-€LOUD'ED, a. 1. Not cloudy ; free from clouds ; clear. 
2. Not darkened ; not obscured. 

UN-CLOUD'ED-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from clouds ; clear- 
ness. 2. Freedom from obscurity or gloom. 

UN-CLOUD'ING, ppr. Clearing from clouds or obscurity. 

UN-CLOUD'Y, a. Not cloudy; clear; free from clouds, ob- 
scurity, or gloom. — Gay. 

UN-CLUTCH', v. t. To open something closely shut. 

UN-CO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That can not be coagulated.— 
Good. 



UN-CO- ACU-La-TED, a. Not coagulated or concreted. 

UN-Co AT'ED, a. Not coated ; not covered with a coat. 

UN-COCKED' (-kokf), a. 1. Not cocked, as a gun. 2. Not 
made into cocks, as hay. 3. Not set up, as the brim of a 
hat. 

UN-GOF'FiNED, a. Not furnished with a coffin. 

UN-€o'GENT, a. Not cogent or forcible.— Baxter. 

UN-COIF', v. t. To pull the cap off.—Arbuthnot. 

UN-COIFED' (-koiff), a. Not wearing a coif.— Young. 

UN-COIL', v. t. To unwind or open, as the turns of a rope. 

UN-COILED', pp. Opened; unwound. 

UN-€OIL'ING, ppr. Opening ; unwinding. 

UN-COINED', a. Not coined ; as, uncoined silver. 

UN-COL-LECT'ED, a. 1. Not collected ; not received. U. 
Not collected ; not recovered from confusion or wan 
dering. 

UN-COL-LECT'ED-NESS, n. A state of not being collected 

UN-COL-LECT'I-BLE, a. Not collectible ; that can not be 
collected or levied, or paid by the debtor. 

UN-C6L'ORED (-kuHurd), a. 1. Not colored ; not stained 
or dyed. 2. Not heightened in description. 

UN-GoMBED', a. Not combed ; not dressed with a comb. 

UN-€OM-BlN'A-BLE, a. Not capable of combining or of be 
ing combined. 

UN-€OM-BlN'A-BLY, adv. In an uncombinable mannei 

UN-COM-BlNED', a. Not combined ; separate ; simple. 

UN-€6ME'LI-NESS, n. Want of comeliness ; want of beau- 
ty or grace. — Locke. 

UN-€6ME'LY (-kumle), a. Not comely ; wanting grace. 2 
Unseemly ; unbecoming ; unsuitable. 

UN-C6MTORT-A-BLE (-kum'furt-), a. 1. Affording no com 
fort; gloomy. 2. Giving uneasiness. 

UN-€6M'FORT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of comloit or 
cheerfulness. — Taylor. 2. Uneasiness. 

UN-COM'FORT-A-BLY, adv. In an uncomfortable manner , 
without comfort or cheerfulness. 

UN-€OM-MaND'ED, a. Not commanded ; not required by 
precept, order, or law. — South. 

UN-COM-MEND'A-BLE, a. Not commendable ; not worthy 
of commendation ; illaudable. See * Commendable. 

UN-€OM-MEND'ED, a. Not praised ; not commended. 

UN-COM-MEM'O-RI-TED, a. Not commemorated.— E. Ev- 
erett. 

UN-€OM-MER'CIAL (-mer'shal), a. Not commercial; not 
carrying on commerce. 

UN-COM-MER'CIAL-LY (-mer'shal-le), adv. Not according 
to commercial usage. 

UN-COM-MIS'ER-I-TED, a. Not commiserated ; not pitied. 

UN-€OM-MIS'SIONED (-mish'und), a. Not commissioned ; 
not having a commission. — Tooke. 

UN-COM-MIT'TED, a. 1. Not referred to a committee. 2. 
Not pledged by any thing said or done. 

UN-€OM'MON, a. 1. Not common ; not usual. 2. Not fre- 
quent ; not often seen or known. — Syn. Rare ; scarce ; 
unfrequent ; unwonted ; seldom ; unusual ; unique ; sin- 
gular. 

UN-€OM'MON-LY, adv. 1. Rarely ; not usually. 2. To an 
uncommon degree. 

UN-€OM'MON-NESS, n. Rareness of occurrence ; infre- 
quency. 

UN-COM-Mu'NI-Ca-TED, a. 1. Not communicated ; not dis- 
closed or delivered to others. 2. Not imparted to or from 
another. 

UN-€OM-MD'NI-Ga-TING, a. Not making communication. 

UN-€OM-Mu'NI-GA-TlVE, a. Not communicative ; not free 
to communicate to others ; reserved. 

UN-COM-P ACT, a. Not compact ; not firm ; not of close 
texture ; loose. — Addison. 

UN-COM-P ACTED, a. Not compact ; not firm.— Johnson 

TTN-€OM-PA€T'ED-LY, adv. Not compactedly. 

UN-C6MTA-NIED, a. Having no companion. — Fairfax. 

UN-COM-PAN'ION-A-BLE, a. Not companionable or so 

UN-COM-P AS'SION-ATE, a. Not compassionate. 
UN-€OM-PAS'S10NED (-pash'und), a. Not pitied. 
UN-COM-PEL'LA<BLE, a. Not compellable ; that can not 

be forced or compelled. — Feltham. 
UN-COM-PELLED', a. Not forced ; free from compulsion. 
UN-COM-PEN'SI-TED, a. Not compensated ; unrewarded. 

See * Compensate. 
UN-€OM-PLaINTNG, a. Not complaining; not murmur 

ing ; not disposed to murmur. 
UN-€OM-PLaIN'ING-LY, adv. Without complaining. 
UN-COM-PLIIN'ING-NESS, n. An uncomplaining state. 
UN-COM'PLAI-SANT, a. Not complaisant; not civil; not 

courteous. — Locke. 
UN-COM'PLAI-SANT-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; discourteously 
UN-COM-PLeTE', a. Not complete ; not finished. 
UN-€OM-PLeT'ED, a. Not finished ; not completed. 
UN-€OM'PLI-€a-TED, a. Not complicated ; simple. 
UN-COM-PLI-MENTA-RY, a. Not complimentary. 
UN-€OM-PLY'ING, a. Not complying ; not yielding to re 

quest or command ; unbending. _ 



See Synopsis. I, E, i, &c, long.—*, f, T, &c, short.- FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD MOVE, BOQK. 



UNC 



1069 



UNC 



yN-€OM-PoSED', a. Not composed. 
yN-€OM-POUND'ED, a, 1. Not compounded ; not mixed. 

2. Simole ; not intricate. 
UN-€OM-POUND'ED-LY, adv. Without being compounded. 
UN-€OM-POUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from mixture; 

simplicity of substance.— Hammond. 
UN-€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. 1. Not comprehensive. 2. 

Unable to comprehend. — South. 
UN-GOM-PRESS.ED' (-kom-presf), a. Not compressed ; 

free from compression. — Boyle. 
UN-€OM'PRO-MlS-ING, a. Not admitting of compromise ; 

not agreeing to terms ; not yielding.— Review. 
UN-€ON-C£AL'A-BLE, a. Not concealable. 
tTN-€ON-CJ5AL£D', a. Not concealed. 
UN-€ON-CkIV'A-BLE, a. Not to bo conceived or under- 
stood ; that can not be comprehended. — Locke. 
UN.€ON-CElVA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing inconceivable. — Locke. [Little used.} 
UN-€ON-CeI"V\ED', a. Not thought ; not imagined.— Creech. 
UN-€ON-CERN', n. Want of concern ; absence of anxiety ; 

freedom from solicitude. — Swift. 
UN-€ON-CERNED', a. 1. Not concerned ; not anxious ; 
feeling no solicitude. 2. Having no interest in. — Syn. In- 
diiferent ; regardless ; uninterested ; unmoved. 
UN-€ON-CERN'ED-LY, adv. Without interest or affection ; 

without anxiety. — Dry den. 
UN-€ON-CERN'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from concern or 

anxiety. — South. 
r UN-€ON-CERNTNG, a. Not interesting; not affecting; 

not belonging to one. — Addison. 
* UN-GON-CERN'MENT, n. The state of having no share. 
CTN-€ON-CERT'ED, a. Not concerted. 
UN-€ON-CIL'I-A-TED, a. Not reconciled. 
UN-€ON-CII/I-A-TING, a. Not conciliating ; not adapted or 

disposed to gain favor, or to reconciliation. 
UN-RON-CIL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Not tending to conciliate.— Jef- 
ferson. 
t UN-€ON-€LuD'I-BLE, a. Not determinable.— More. 
UN-€ON-€LuD'lNG, \ a. Not decisive ; not inferring a 
UN-€ON-€L€ T D'ENT, 5 plain or certain conclusion. [Lit- 
tle used.] 
UN-€ON-€LtJD'ING-NESS, n. Quality of being inconclu- 
sive. — Boyle. 
\ UN5-€ON-€Lu'SIVE, a. Not decisive.— Hammond. 
UN-€ON-€0€T'ED, a. Not concocted ; not digested. — 

Brown. 
rjN-€ON-DEMN£D' (-kon-demd'), a. 1. Not condemned; 
not judged guilty. 2. Not disapproved ; not pronounced, 
criminal. 
UN-€ON-DENS'A-BLE, a. That can not be condensed. 
fJN-€ON-DENS'A-BLE-NESS, n. A state of being incapable 

of condensation. 
UN-CON-DENSjED' (-kon-denstf), a. Not condensed. 
UN-€ON-DI"TION-AL (-kon-dish'un-al), a. Absolute; un- 
reserved ; not limited by any conditions. — Dryden. 
UN-€ON-DI"TION-AL-LY, adv. Without conditions ; with- 
out terms of limitation ; without reservation. 
UN-eON-DuC'ING. a. Not lead'ng to.— Phillips. 
UN-€ON-DU€T'ED, a. Not led; not guided.— Barrow. 
UN-€ON-FESS£D' (-kon-festf), a. Not confessed; not ac- 
knowledged. 
UN-€ON-FESSTNG, a. Not making confession. 
UN-€ON-FlN'A-BLE, a. 1. Unbounded.— Shak. ; [obs.] 2. 

That cannot be confined or restrained.— Thomson. 
UN-€ON-FlN_ED', a. 1. Not confined ; free from restraint ; 

free from control. 2. Having no limits ; unbounded. 
UN-€ON-FIN'ED-LY, adv. Without confinement. — Bar- 
row. 
UN-€ON-FtRM£D' (-kon-furmd-), a. 1. Not fortified by res- 
olution ; weak ; raw. 2. Not confirmed ; not strengthened 
by additional testimony. 3. Not confirmed according to 
the Church ritual. 
tUN-€ON-FORM', a. Unlike; dissimilar; not analogous. 
UN-€ON-FORM'A-BLE, a. 1. Not consistent ; not agreea- 
ble; not conforming. Watts. — 2. In geology, not lying in 
a parnllel position, as strata. — Mantell. 
UN--GON-FORMA-BLY, adv. In an unconformable manner. 
UN-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. Incongruity ; inconsistency ; want 

of conformity. — South. 
UN-€ON-FOUND'ED, a. Not confounded. 
UN-€ON-FOUND'ED-LY, adv. Without being confounded. 
UN-€ON-FuS£D' (-kon-fuzd), a. 1. Free from confusion or 

disorder. — Locke. 2. Not embarrassed. 
UN-€ON-FuS'ED-LY, adv. Without confusion.— Locke. 
UN-GON-F0TA.-BLE, a. Not confutable ; not to be refuted 
or overthrown ; that can not be disproved or convicted of 
error. 
UN-€ON-6eAL'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being congealed. 
<JN-€ON-GeAL.ED', a. Not frozen: not congealed; not 

concreted. — Brown. 
[JN-eON-(iE'NT-AL. a. Not congenial. 

LJN-€0N'JU-GAL. a. Not suitable to matrimonial faith ; not 
befitting a wife or husband. — Milton. 



UN-€ON-JUN€'TIV£, a. That can not be joined. [Litttt 

used.] 
UN-€ON-NE€T'ED, a. 1. Not connected ; not united ; sep- 
arate. 2. Not coherent ; not joined by proper transitions 
or dependence of parts. — Syn. Loose; lax; vague; des- 
ultory ; roving ; immethodical. 
UN-€ON-NlVTNG, a. Not conniving; not overlooking or 

winking at. — Milton. 
UN-€ON QUER-A-BLE (-konk'er-a-bl), a. 1. Not conquera 
ble ; that can not be vanquished or defeated ; that can not 
be overcome in contest. 2. That can not be subdued and 
brought under control. — Syn. Invincible ; insuperable ; 
insurmountable. 
UN-€ON'QUER-A-BLY, adv. Invincibly; insuperably. 
UN-€ON'QUER£D (-konk'erd), a. 1. Not vanquished or de 
feated. 2. Unsubdued ; not brought under control. 3. 
Invincible ; insuperable. 
UN-€ON-SCI-ENTIOUS (-kon-she-en'shus), a. Not consci- 
entious ; not regulated or limited by conscience. — Kent. 
UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLE (-kon'shun-a-bl), a. 1. Unreasona- 
ble ; exceeding the limits of any reasonable claim or ex 
pectation. 2. Forming unreasonable expectations. 3. 
Enormous ; vast ; [not elegant.] 4. Not guided or influ 
enced by conscience. 
UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unreasonableness of 

hope or claim. 
UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLY, adv. Unreasonably; in a manner 

or degree that conscience and reason do not justify. 
UN-€ON'SCIOUS (-shus), a. 1. Not conscious ; having no 
mental perception. 2. Not conscious ; not knowing ; not 
perceiving. 
UN-€ON'SCIOUS-LY, adv. Without perception ; without 

knowledge. 
UN-€ON'SCIOUS-NESS, n. Want of perception ; want oi 

knowledge, 
t UN-€ON'SE-€RaTE, v. t. To render not sacred ; to dese- 
crate. — South. 
UN-€ON'SE-€Ra-TED, a. Not consecrated ; not set apart 
for a sacred use by religious ceremonies ; not dedicated 
or devoted. 
UN-€ON'SE-€Ra-TED-NESS, n. A state of being uncon 

secrated. 
UN-€ON-SENT'ED to. Not consented to ; not yielded ; not 

agreed to. — Wake. 
UN-€ON-SENTTNG, a. Not consenting ; not yielding con 

sent. 
UN-€ON-SID'ER£D, a. Not considered : nor attended tn 
UN-€ON-SID'ER-ING, a. Not considering. 
UN-€ON-SoL_ED', a. Not consoled ; not comforted. 
UN-€ON-SOL'I-Da-TED, a. Not consolidated or made solid 
UN-€ON-SoL'ING, a. Not consoling ; affording no comfort 
UN-€ON'SO-NANT, a. Not consonant ; not consistent; in 

congruous ; unfit. — Hooker. [Little used.] 
UN-eON-SPKTU-OUS, a. Not open to the view ; not con 

spicuous. 
t UN-€ON-SPlRlNG-NESS. n. Absence of plot or conspii 

acy. — Boyle. 
UN-€ON'STANT, a. Not constant ; not steady or faithful 

fickle ; changeable ; inconstant. — Shak. 
UN-€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Not agreeable to the consti 
tution ; not authorized by the constitution ; contrary ta 
the principles of the constitution. 
UN-€ON-STI-TU-TION-AL'l-TY, n. The quality of being 
unauthorized by the constitution, or contrary to its pro- 
visions or principles. 
UN-€ON-STI-Tfj'TION-AL-LY, adv. In a manner not wa- 

ranted by or contrary to the constitution. 
UN-€ON-STRaINjED', a. 1. Free from constraint ; acting 
voluntarily ; voluntary. 2. Not proceeding from con- 
straint, as actions. 
UN-€ON-STRaIN'ED-LY, adv. Withoutforce or constraint 

freely ; spontaneously ; voluntarily. — Son'.h. 
UN-€ON-STRaINT, n. Freedom from constraint; ease. 
UN-€ON-SULT'ED, a. Not asked or consulted. 
UN-€ON-3ULT'ING, a. Taking no advice ; rash ; impru 

dent. — Sidney. 
UN-€ON-SuM£D', a. Not consumed ; not wasted, expend 

ed, or dissipated; not destroyed. — Milton. 
UN-€ON-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummated.— Dryden. 
UN-€ON-TEMN£D' (-temd'), a. Not despised ; not con 

temned. 
UN-€ON-TEM'PLa-TED, a. Not contemplated. 
UN-€ON-TEND'ED for. Not contended for ; not urged fa. . 
UN-€ON-TEND'ING, a. Not contending ; not contesting. 
UN-€ON-TENT'ED, a. Not contented f not satisfied, 
t UN-€ON-TENTaNG-NESS, n. Want of power to satisfy. 
UN-€ON-TESTA-BLE, a. Indisputable ; not to be contro- 
verted. 
UN-€ON-TEST'ED, a. 1. Not contested ; not disputed. 2 

Evident: plain.— Blackmore. 
UN-€ON-TRA-DI€TA-BLE, a. That can not be contradict- 
ed. — Fitch. 
UN-€ON-TRA-r)f€T'ED, a. Not contradicted; not denied. 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



UNU 



1070 



UNC 



UN-€ONTRiTE, a. Not contrite ; not penitent. 
JN-GON-TRiVED', a. Not contrived; not formed by de- 
sign. — Dwight. 
UN-€ON-TRiV'ING, a. Not contriving ; improvident. 
UN-CON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be controlled ; 
ungovernable ; that can not be restrained. 2. That can 
not be resisted or diverted. 3. Indisputable ; irrefragable. 

UN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLY, adv. 1. Without power of oppo- 
sition. 2. In a manner or degree that admits of no re- 
straint or resistance. 

UN-GON-TR5LL.ED', a. 1. Not governed ; not subjected 
to a superior power or authority ; not restrained. 2. Not 
resisted; unopposed. 3. Not convinced ; not refuted. 

UN-€ON-TR5LL'ED-LY, adv. Without control or restraint ; 
without eifectual opposition. — Decay of Piety. 

UN-GON'TRO-VERT-ED, a. Not disputed ; not contested ; 
not liable to be called in question. — Glanville. 

UN-GON-VERS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not free in conversation ; not 
social ; reserved. 2. Not suited to conversation. 

UN-GON'VER-SANT, a. Not conversant ; not familiarly 
acquainted with. — Mitford. 

UN-€ON-VERT'ED, a. 1. Not converted ; not changed in 
opinion ; not turned from one faith to another. 2. Not 
persuaded of the truth of the Christian religion. 3. Not 
renewed ; not regenerated. 4. Not turned or changed 
from one form to another. 

UN-€ON-VERT'I-BLE, a. That can not be converted or 
changed in form. 

UN-GON-VINCED' (-kon-vinstf), a. Not convinced. 

UN-€ON-VIN'CING, a. Not sufficient to convince. 

UN-CON- VULS.ED' (-vulsf), a. Not convulsed. 

UN-CORD', v. t. To loose from cords ; to unfasten or un- 
bind. 

UN-€ORD'ED, pp. Loosed from cords ; unbound. 

UN-€ORD'I-AL, a. Not cordial ; not hearty. 

UN-GORD'ING, ppr. Unfastening; unbinding. 

UN-CORK', v. t. To draw the cork from. 

UN-CORKED' (-korkf), pp. Having tbe cork drawn. 

UN-CORK'ING, ppr. Drawing the c from. 

UN-COR'O-NET-ED, a. Not honored with a coronet. 

UN-COR'PU-LENT, a. Not corpulent; not fleshy.— Pollok. 

UN-COR-RECT'ED, a. 1. Not corrected ; not revised ; not 
rendered exact. 2. Not reformed ; not amended. 

UN-€OR'RI-Gl-BLE, a. That can not be corrected; de- 
praved beyond correction ; incorrigible. 

UN-GOR-ROB'O-RI-TED, a. Not confirmed. 

UN-€OR-RUPT',.a. Nor corrupt; not depraved; not per- 
verted ; not tainted with wickedness ; not influenced by 
iniquitous interest. 

UN-GOR-RUPT'ED, a. Not corrupted ; not vitiated ; not 
depraved. — Dryden. 

UN-€OR-RUPT'ED-NESS, ?i. State of being uncorrupted. 

UN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. That can not be corrupted. 

UN-€OR-RUPT'LY, adv. With integrity ; honestly. 

UN-COR-RUPT'NESS, n. Integrity ; uprightness. 

UN-€OUN'3EL-A-BLE, a. Not to be advised ; not consist- 
ent with good advice or prudence. — Clarendon. 

UN-COUNSELED, a. Not having counsel or advice. 

UN-€OUNT'A-BLE, a. That can not be counted. 

UN-COUNT'ED, a. Not counted ; not numbered.— Shalt. 

UN-€OUN'TE-NANCED (-nanst), a. Not encouraged. 

UN-GOUN'TER-FElT, a. Not counterfeit ; not spurious ; 
genuine. — Sprat. 

UN-€OUNTER-FElT-ED, a. Not counterfeited. 

UN-GOUN-TER-MiND'ED, a. Not countermanded. 

UN-€6UP'LE (un-kup'pl), v. t. To loose, as dogs from their 
couples ; to set loose ; to disjoin. — Dryden. 

UN-€6UP'L£D (un-kup'pld), pp. Disjoined; set free. 

UN-€6UP'LING, ppr. Disuniting ; setting free. 

UN-G6URT'E-OUS (un-kurfe-us), a. Uncivil ; unpolite ; 
not kind and complaisant — Sidney. See * Courteous. 

UN-C6URTE-OUS-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; unpolitely. 

UN-€6URT'E-OUS-NESS (-kurt'e-us-), n. Incivility ; dis- 
obliging treatment 

UN-GoURT'LI-NESS, n. Un suitableness of manners to a 
court; inelegance. — Addison. 

UN-CoURT'LY, a. 1. Inelegant of manners ; not becoming 
a court ; not refined ; unpolite. 2. Not courteous or civil. 
3. Not versed in the manners of a court. 

UN-€oUTH' (-kooth'),a. [Sax. uncuth.] Unusual; not ren- 
dered pleasing by familiarity.— Syn. Odd ; strange ; awk- 
ward ; clumsy ; unhandy ; ungraceful. 

UN-€5UTH'-LOOK-ING (un-kooth'-), a. Having uncouth 

UN-€5UTH'LY%du. Oddly; strangely.— Dryden. 

UN-GoUTHNESS (-kooth'-), n. Oddness ; strangeness , 
want of aareeableness derived from familiarity. 

UN-C6VE-NANT-ED, a. Not promised by covenant; not 
resting on a covenant or promise. — S. Miller. 

UN-COVER (-kuv'er), v. t. 1. To divest of a cover ; to re- 
move any covering from. 2. To deprive of clothes ; to 
strip ; to make naked. 3. To unroof, as a building. 4. To 
take off the hat or cap ; to bare the head. 5. To strip of 



a vail, or of any thing that conceals ; to lay open ; to dia 
close to view. 

UN -COVERED (-kuv'erd), pp. Divested of a covering or of 
clothing ; laid open to view ; made bare. 

UN-€6V'ER-ING, ppr. Divesting of a cover or of clothes ; 

stripping of a vail ; laying open to view. 
UN-GO WL', v. t. To deprive of a cowl. 
UN-GOWLED', pp. Deprived of a cowl. 

UN-€RAMPjED' (-krampf), a. Not cramped ; not confined 
or fettered ; free from constraint. — Ed. Rev. 

UN-CRE-ITE', v. t. To annihilate ; to deprive of existence. 
— Milton. 

UN-GRE-aTED, pp. 1. Reduced to nothing; deprived of 
existence. 2. a. Not yet created. 3. Not produced by 
creation. 

UN-GRE-aTTNG, ppr. Depriving of existence. 

UN-GRED'I-BLE, a. Not to be believed ; not entitled to 
credit. 

UN-GRED'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Not in good credit or reputa- 
tion ; not reputable. 2. Not for the credit or reputation. 

UN-GRED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of reputation. 2 
The quality of being disreputable. 

UN-GRED'IT-ED, a. Not believed.— Warner. 

UN-GRIT'IG-AL, a. 1. Not critical. 2. Not according to 
the just rules of criticism. — M. Stuart. 

UN-GRIT'IG-AL-LY, adv. Not critically. 

UN-CROPPED' (-kroptf), a. Not cropped ; not gathered. 

UN-GROSSED' (-krostf), a. 1. Not crossed ; not canceled. 
— Shak. 2. Not thwarted ; not opposed. 

UN-GROWD'ED, a. Not crowded ; not compressed ; not 
straitened for want of room. 

UN-GROWN', v. t. 1. To deprive of a crown ; to dethrone 
2. To pull off the crown. — Dryden. 

UN-GROWN ED', pp. 1. Deprived of a crown. 2. a. Not 
crowned ; having no crown. 

UN-GROWN 'ING, ppr. Depriving of a crown. 

UN-CRUSHED' (-krushf), a. Not crushed. 

UN-GRYS'TAL-LlNE, a. Not crystalline; not having the 
character of a crystal ; not presenting a distinct crystal- 
line texture. — Dana. 

UN-GRYS'TAL-LIZ-A-BLE, a. Not susceptible of crystal- 
lization. — Ure. 

UN-CRYSTAL-LIZED, a. Not crystallized. 

UNG'TION (unk'shun), n. [Fr. onction ; L. unctio.] 1. The 
act of anointing. 2. Unguent ; ointment. — Dryden. 3. The 
act of anointing medically. 4. Any thing softening or len- 
itive. — Shak. 5. That warmth and tenderness of address 
which excites piety and devotion. — Johnson. 6. Richness 
of gracious affections. 7. Divine or sanctifying grace. 1 
John, i. — Extreme unction, the rite of anointing in the last 
hours ; or the application of sacred oil to the head, the 
hands, and the feet of a dying person. — Encyc. Am. 

UNGT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Oiliness ; fatness ; the quality of be- 
ing greasy. — Brown. 

UNGTU-OUS, a. 1. Fat ; oily ; greasy.— Dryden. 2. Hav 
ing a resemblance to oil. 

UNGT'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fatness ; oiliness. 2. The qual- 
ity of resembling oil. 

UN-GUGK'OLD-ED, a. Not made a cuckold.— Shak. 

UN-GULLED', a. 1. Not gathered. 2. Not separated ; not 
selected. 

UN-GUL'PA-BLE, a. Not blamable ; not faulty.— Hooker. 

t UN-CULT', a. [un, and L. cultus.] Uncultivated ; rude ; 
illiterate. — Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

UN-CUL'TI-VA-BLE, a. Not capable of being cultivated. 

UN-CUL'TI-Va-TED, a. 1. Not cultivated; not tilled; not 
used in tillage. 2. Not instructed ; not civilized ; rude ; 
rough in manners. 

UN-CUL'TI-Va-TED-NESS, n. An uncultivated state. 

UN-€UM'BERED, a. Not burdened ; not embarrassed. 

UN-GuR'A-BLE, a. Incurable. [The latter is mostly used.] 

UN-CuR'A-BLY, adv. Incurably. 

t UN-€URB'A-BLE, a. That can not be curbed or checked. 

UN-CURBED', a. Not curbed ; not restrained ; licentious. 

UN-GURL', v. t. To loose from ringlets. — Dryden. 

UN-GURL', v. i. To fall from a curled state, as ringlets ; to 
become straight. — Shak. 

UN-CURLED', #p. 1. Loosed from ringlets. 2. a. Not curl- 
ed ; not formed into ringlets. 

UN-GURL'ING, ppr. Loosing from ringlets. 

UN-GUR'RENT, a. Not current ; not passing in common 
payment. — Shak. 

t UN-GURSE' (un-kurs'), v. t. To free from any execration. 

UN-CURSED', ) a. Not cursed ; not execrated. — King 

UN-CURST', J Charles. 

UN-GUR-TIIL-ED', a. Not curtailed ; not shortened. 

UN-CUR'TAIN, v. t. To remove a curtain or covering from. 

UN-€US'T6M-A-RI-LY, adv. In an unusual manner. 

UN-CUST6M-A-RI-NESS, n. State of being not customary. 

UN-€US'T6M-A-RY, a. Not customary ; not usual. — 
Dwight. 

UN-CUST6MED, a. 1. Not subjected to customs or duty 
2. That has not paid duty, or been charged with customs. 



' See Synopsis. A. f.. I. &c, long.—K, E, I, &c, short..— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



UMD 



071 



UND 



UN-OUT, a. Not cut ; as, trees uncut.— Waller. 
UN-DAM', v. t. To free from a dam, mound, or obstruction. 
UN-DAMAgED, a. Not damaged ; not made worse. 
UN-DAMM^D'. pp. Freed from a dam, mound, or obstruction. 
UN-DAMP.ED' (-dumpf), a. Not damped ; not depressed. 
UN-DaN'gER-OUS, a. Not dangerous.— Thomson. 
UN-DiRK'.EN.ED, a. Not darkened or obscured. 
UN'Da-TED, a. [L. undatus, unda.] Waved ; rising and 

falling in waves toward the margin, as a leaf. 
UN-DaTED, a, Not dated ; having no date. 
UN-DiUNTA-BLE, a. Not to be daunted.— Harmar. 
UN-DIUNT'ED, a. Not daunted ; not subdued or depressed 
by fear. — Syn. Bold ; fearless ; brave ; courageous ; in- 
trepid. — Dryden. 
UN-DaUNTED-LY, adv. Boldly ; intrepidly.— South. 
UN-DaUNT'ED-NESS, n. Boldness ; fearless bravery. 
UN-DA WN'ING, a. Not yet dawning ; not growing light ; 

not opening with brightness. — Cowper. 
UN-DAZ'ZLiXJ, a. Not dazzled; not confused by splendor. 

— Milton. — Boyle. 
(■ UN-DEAF' (-deef or -def), v. t. To free from deafnesg. 
UN-DE-BXRR.ED', a. Not debarred. 
UN-DE-BaSJSD' (-baste'), a. Not debased ; not adulterated. 

— Shah. 
UN-DE-BAUCH.ED' (-bawchf). a. Not debauched ; not cor- 
rupted ; pure.— Dryden. 
UN-DE-G'A-GON, n. [L. undecim, and Gr. ywvta.] A figure 

of eleven angles, and, consequently, of eleven sides. 
UN-DE-€IY£D' (-de-kade'), a. Not decayed ; not impaired 

by age or accident ; being in full strength. — Dryden. 
UN-DE-GaY'ING, a. 1. Not decaying; not suffering dimi- 
nution or decline. 2. Immortal. 
UN-DE-CeTTFUL, a. Not deceitful. 
UN-DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That can not be deceived; not 

subject to deception. — Holder. 
UN-DE-CeIVE', v. t. To free from deception, cheat, fallacy, 

or mistake, whether caused by others or by ourselves. 
UN-DE-CElV£D', pp. 1. Disabused of cheat, deception, or 

fallacy. 2. Not deceived ; not misled or imposed on. 
UN-DE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Freeing from deception or fallacy. 
CN-De'CEN-A-RY. a. [L. undecim, eleven.] Eleventh ; oc- 
curring once in every period of eleven years. — Pres. Stiles. 
UN-De'CEN-CY, n. Uubecomingness ; indecency. 
UN-De'CENT, a. Not decent ; indecent. 
UN-DE'CENT-LY, adv. Indecently. 
UN-DE-CEP'TIVE, a. Not deceptive. 
UN-DE-ClD'A-BLE, a. That can not be decided.— South. 
UN-DE-ClD'ED, a. Not decided ; not determined. 
UN-DE-Cl'PHER-A-BLE, a. That can not be deciphered. 
UN-DE-Ci'PHER-A-BLY, ado. So as not to be decipherable. 
UN-DE-ClTHER-ED, a. Not deciphered or explained. 
UN-DE-Cl'SlVE, a. Not decisive ; not conclusive ; not de- 
termining the controversy or contest. — Granville. 
UN-DE€K', v. t. To divest of ornaments. — Shak. 
UN-DE€K£D' (-dekf), pp. 1. Deprived of ornaments. 2. 

a. Not decked ; not adorned. — Milton. 
UN-DE-€LXR£D', a. Not declared ; not avowed. 
UN-DE-€LlN'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be declined. 2. 

Not to be avoided. — Hacket. 
UN-DE-€LIN.ED', a. 1. Not deviating; not turned from 

the right way. 2. Not varied in termination. 
UN-DE-€LlN'ING, a. Not declining. 
UN-DE-€OM-PoSA-BLE, a. Not admitting decomposition ; 

that can not be decomposed. — Chemistry. 
UN-DE-€OM-PoS£D' ; a. Not decomposed ; not separated, 

as constituent particles. — Chemistry. 
UN-DE-€OM-POUND'ED, a. Not decompounded. 
UN-DE€'0-Ra-TED, a. Not adorned; not embellished; 

plain. — Buckminster. 
UN-DED'I-€a-TED, a. 1. Not dedicated ; not consecrated. 

2. Not inscribed to a patron. 
UN-DEED'ED, a. 1. Not signalized by any great action. — 

Shak. 2. Not transferred by deed ; [local.'] 
UN-DE-FXCEA-BLE, a. That can not be defaced. 
UN-DE-FaCED' (-faste'), a. Not deprived of its form ; not 

disfigured. 
UN-DE-FaC'ED-NESS, n. State of being undefaced. 
UN-DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. Not defeasible. 
UN-DE-FEND'ED, a. 1. Not defended ; not protected. 2. 
Not vindicated. 3. Open to assault ; being without works 
of defense. 
UN-DE-FENDTNG, a. Not making defense. 
UN-DE-FI.ED', a. Not set at defiance ; not challenged. 
UN-DE-FlL .ED', a. Not defiled ; not polluted ; not vitiated. 
UN-DE-FlN'A-BLE. a, 1. Not definable ; not capable of be- 
ing described or limited. 2. That can not be described by 
interpretation or definition. 
JN-DE-FlNA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 

undefinable.— E. T. Fitch. 
UN-DE-FlN-ED', a, 1. Not defined ; not described by defi- 
nition or explanation. 2. Not having its limits described. 
UN-DE-FLOURED', a. Not debauched ; not vitiated. 
UN-DE-FORM.ED', a. Not deformed ; not disfigured. 



UN-DE-FRAUD'ED, a. Not defrauded. 
UN-DE-FRaY£D' (-trade'), a. Not defrayed ; not paid. 
UN-DE-GRaD'ED, a. Not degraded. 
UN-DE'I-Fl£D, pp. Reduced from the state of Deity. 
UN-De'I-F_y, v. t. To reduce from the state of Deity. 
UN-DE-LAY.ED', a. Not delayed. 
UN-DE-LaYTOG, a. Not making delay. 
UN-DEL'E-Ga-TED, a. Not delegated ; not deputed ; not 

granted. 
UN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, a. Not deliberate. 
UN-DE-LIB'ER-I-TED, a. Not carefully considered. 
UN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Want of deliberation. 
UN-DE-LIB'ER-a-TING, a. Not deliberating; not hesita- 
ting ; hasty ; prompt. 
UN-DE-LlGHT'ED, a. Not delighted ; not well pleased. 
UN-DE-LlGHT'FUL, a. Not giving delight or great pleasure 
UN-DE-LiGHTFUL-LY, adv. Without giving delight. 
UN-DE-LIVER.ED, a. Not delivered ; not communicated 
UN-DE-LuD'ED, a. Not deluded or deceived. 
UN-DE-Lu'SIVE, a. Not delusive. 
UN-DE-Lu'SlVE-LY, adv. Not delusively. 
UN-DE-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. State of being not delusive 
UN-DE-MaND'ED, a. Not demanded ; not required. 
UN-DE-MOL'ISHED (-mol'isht), a. 1. Not demolished ; not 

pulled down. — Swift. 2. Not destroyed. 
UN-DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of fuller evi- 

dence. — Hooker. 2. Not capable of demonstration. 
UN-DE-MON'STRA-BLY, adv. Without proving by demon- 
stration. 
UN-DE-MON'STRa-TED, a. Not proved by demonstration 

— Chalmers. 
UN-DE-Nl'A-BLE, a. That can not be denied.— Syn. Indu- 
bitable ; indisputable ; incontrovertible ; unquestionable , 
irrefragable. 
UN-DE-Nl'A-BLY, adv. So plainly as to admit no denial 
UN-DE-PEND'ING, a. Not dependent.— Milto n. 
UN-DE-PL 5R.ED', a. Not lamented.— Dryden. 
UN-DE-P5SA-BLE, a. That can not be deposed from office, 

— Milton. 
UN-DE-PRAV.ED', a. Not corrupted ; not vitiated. 
UN-DEP'RE-€a-TED, a. Not deprecated. 
UN-DE-FRe'CIa-TED, a. Not depreciated.— Walsh. 
UN-DE-PRIV.ED', a. Not deprived ; not divested of by au- 
thority ; not stripped of any possession. 
VWDER, prep. [Goth, undar ; Sax. under; D.onder; G.un- 
ter.] 1. Beneath ; below ; so as to have something over 
or above. 2. In a state of pupilage or subjection to. 3. 
In a less degree than. 4 For less than. 5. Less than ; 
below. 6. With the pretense of; with the cover or pre- 
text of. 7. With less than. 8. In a degree, state, or rank 
inferior to. 9. In a state of being loaded ; in a state of 
bearing or being burdened. 10. In a state of oppression 
or subjection to, the state in which a person is considered 
as bearing or having any thing laid upon him. 11. In a 
state of liability or obligation. 12. In the state of bearing 
and being known by. 13. In the state of; in the enjoy 
ment or possession of. 14. During the time of. 15. Not 
having reached or arrived to ; below. 16. Represented 
by ; in the form of. 17. In the state of protection or de- 
fense. 18. As bearing a particular character. 19. Being 
contained or comprehended in. 20. Attested by ; signed 
by. 21. In a state of being handled, treated, or discussed, 
or'of being the subject of. 22. In subordination to. 23. 
In subjection or bondage to ; ruled or influenced by ; [in 
a moral sense.] Rom., iii. — Under a signature, bearing, as a 
name or title. — Tinder way, in seamen's language, moving ; 
in a condition to make progress. — Under the lee, to the lee- 
ward ; as, under the lee of the land. Tottcn. — To keep un- 
der, to hold in subjection or control ; to restrain. 
UNDER, a. Lower in degree ; subject ; subordinate. — Un- 
der is much used in composition. 
UN-DER-A'GENT, n. A subordinate agent.— South. 
UN-DER-CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. A deputy chamberlain ot 

the exchequer. 
UNTJER-€LERK, n. A clerk subordinate to the principal 

clerk. 
UN-DER-FaRM'ER, n. A subordinate farmer. 
UN-DER-KEEP'ER, n. A subordinate keeper.— Gray 
UN-DER-La'BOR-ER n. A subordinate workman. 
UN-DER-MaS'TER, n. A master subordinate to th- prin- 
cipal master. — Lowth. 
UN-DER-OF'FI-CER, n. A subordinate officer. 
UN-DER- SE€TtE-TA-RY, n. A secretary subordinate to 

the principal secretary. — Bacon. 
UN-DER-SERV'ANT, n. An inferior servant.— Grew. 
UN-DER-SHER'IFF, n. A sheriffs deputy. 
t UN-DER-SHER'IFF-RY, n. The office of an under-sheriff. 
UN'DER-STRAP-PER n. A petty fellow ; an inferior agent 

— Swift. 
UN-DER-TEN'ANT, n. The tenant of a tenant ; one who 

holds lands or tenements of a tenant. 
UN-DER-TReAS'UR-ER (-trezh'ur-er), n. A subordinate 
treasurer. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € asK; GasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete. 



UND 



1072 



UND 



UN-DER-W6RK'ER (-wurk'er), n. One who under-wo) ks ; 
or a subordinate workman. 

UN-DER-W6RK'MAN, n. A subordinate workman. 

UN-DER-A€'TION, n. Subordinate action ; action not es- 
sential to the main story. — Dry den. 

UN-DE-RaNG-ED', a. Not deranged. 

UN-DER-BEaR',w.£. 1. To support ; to endure.— Shak. 2. 
To line ; to guard. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

UN-DER-BEaR'ER, n. In funerals, one who sustains the 
corpse. 

UN-DER-BID', v. t. To bid or offer less than another ; as in 
auctions, when a contract or service is set up to the low- 
est bidder. 

UN-DER-BID'DING, ppr. Bidding less than another. 

UN-DER-BoRNE', pp. Supported. 

(JN-DER-BOUGHT (-bawf), pp. Bought at less than its 
worth. 

(JN'DER-BRED, a. Of inferior breeding or manners. 

UN'DER-BRUSH, n. Shrubs and small trees in a wood or 
forest, growing under large trees. 

f UN-DER-BUt', v. t. To buy at less than a thing is worth. 

UN'DER-€LaY, n. A stratum of clay lying beneath other 
strata. — Lyell. 

UN'DER-€ROFT, n. A vault under the choir or chancel 
of a church ; also, a vault or secret walk under ground. 

UN-DER-€UR'RENT, n. A current below the surface of 
the water, frequently contrary to that on the surface. — 
Totten. 

UN-DER-DITCH', v. t. To form a deep ditch or trench to 
drain the surface of land. 

UN-DER-Do', v. i. 1. To act below one's abilities. — Ben Jon- 
son. 2. To do less than is requisite. — Grew. 

UN-DER-DoNE' (-dun'), pp. Done less than is requisite. 

UN'DER-DoSE, n. A quantity less than a dose. 

UN-DER-DoSE', v. i. To take small doses.— Cheync. 

UN'DER-DRaIN, n. A drain or trench below the surface 
of the ground. 

UN-DER!"-DRaIN', v. t. To drain by cutting a deep channel 
below the surface. 

UN-DER-DRAlN.ED',£p. Drained by cutting a deep chan- 
nel below the surface. 

UN-DER-FAGTION, n. A subordinate faction. 

UN'DER-FEL-LoW, n. A mean, sorry wretch. 

UN-DER-FILLTNG, n. The lower part of a building. 

f UN-DER-FONG', v. t. [Sax. fangan, to seize.] To take in 
hand. — Spenser. 

UN-DER-FOOT, adv. Beneath.— Milton. 

UN-DER-FOOT', a. Low ; base ; abject ; trodden down. 

UN-DER-FUR'NISH, v. t. To supply with less than enough. 

UN-DER-FUR'NISHjED (-fur'nisht), pp. Supplied with less 
than enough. 

UN-DER-FUR'NISH-ING, ppr. Furnishing with less than 
enough. 

UN-DER-FUR'RoW, adv. In agriculture, to sow underfur- 
row, is to plow in seed. 

UN-DER-GiRD' (-gurd'), v. t. [See Gird.] To bind below ; 
to gird round the bottom. — Acts, xxvii. 

UN-DER-GiRD'ING (-gurd'ing), ppr. Binding below ; gird- 
ing round the bottom. 

UN-DER-Go', v. t. 1. To suffer ; to endure something bur- 
densome or painful to the body or the mind. 2. To pass 
through. 3. To sustain without fainting, yielding, or sink- 
ing. 4. To be the bearer of ; to possess ; [obs.] 5. To 
support ; to hazard ; [obs.] 6. To be subject to ; [obs.] 

UN-DER-Go'ING, ppr. Suffering; enduring. 

UN-DER-GONE' (-gawn'), pp. Borne ; suffered ; sustained. 

UN-DER-GRAD'U-ATE, n. A student or member of a uni- 
versity or college who has not taken his first degree. 

UN-DER-GRAD'U-ATE-SHIP, n. The state of being an un- 
dergraduate. — Life of Foley. 

UN-DER-GROUND', n. A place or space beneath the sur- 
face of the ground. — Shak. 

UN'DER-GROUND, a. Being below the surface of the 
ground. 

UN-DER-GROUND', adv. Beneath the surface of the earth. 

UNDER-GRoWTH, n. That which grows under trees; 
shrubs or small trees growing among large ones. 

UN'DER-HAND, adv. 1. By secret means ; in a clandestine 
manner. — Hooker. 2. By fraud ; by fraudulent means. — 
Dryden. 

UN'DER-HAND. a. Secret; clandestine; usually implying 
meanness or ti nud, or both. 

UN-DER-HAND'ED, a. Underhand; clandestine. 

UN-DER-H AND'ED-LY, adv. Secretly ; clandestinely. 

UN-DER.-HEW (un-der-hu 7 ), v. t. To hew a piece of timber 
which should be square, so that it appears to contain more 
cubic feet than it does. — Haldeman. 
UN-DE-RIV.ED', a. Not derived; not borrowed; not re- 
ceived from a foreign source. 
UN-DER-LaID', pp. or a. [from underlay.] Having some- 
thing lying or laid beneath. 
UN-DER-LaY', v. t. To lay beneath ; to support by some- 
thing laid under, 



UN-DER-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying beneath ; supporting by 
laying something under. 

UN'DER-LeAF, n. A sort of apple good for cider.— Morti- 
mer. 

UN-DER-LET, v. t. 1. To let below the value.— Smollett. 
2. To let or lease, as a lessee or tenant ; to let under a 
lease. 

UN-DER-LETTER, n. A tenant who leases. 

UN-DER-LET'TING, ppr. Letting or leasing under a lease 
or by a lessee. 

UN-DER-LETTING, n. The act or practice of letting lands 
by lessees or tenants. 

UN'DER-LlE, v. i. To lie beneath. 

UN-DER-LlNE', v. t. 1. To mark with a line below the 
words ; sometimes called scoring. 2. To influence secret 
ly; [obs.]_ 

UN-DER-HN.ED', pp. Marked with a line underneath. 

UN'DER-LING, n. An inferior person or agent ; a mean, 
sorry fellow. — Milton. 

UN-DER-LlN'ING, ppr. Marking with a line below. 

UN'DER-LO€K, n. A lock of wool hanging under the belly 
of a sheep. — Cyc. 

UN-DER-MASTED, a. Denoting vessels which have masts 
under the usual dimensions. — Totten. 

UN'DER-MkAL, n. A repast before dinner. — Ben Jonson. 

UN-DER-MiNE', v. t. 1. To sap ; to excavate the earth be- 
neath, for the purpose of suffering to fall, or of blowing up. 
2. To excavate the earth beneath. 3. To remove the foun- 
dation or support of any thing by clandestine means. 

UN-DER-MlNiSD', pp. Sapped ; having the foundation re 
moved. 

UN-DER-MlN'ER, n. 1. One who saps, or excavates the 
earth beneath any thing. 2. One who clandestinely re- 
moves the foundation or support ; one who secretly over 
throws. 

UN-DER-MIN'ING, ppr. Sapping; digging away the eartb 
beneath ; clandestinely removing the supports of. 

UN'DER-MoST, a. 1. Lowest in place beneath others. 2 
Lowest in state or condition. 

t UN'DERN, n. [Sax.] The third hour of the day, or nine 
o'clock. — Chaucer. 

UN-DER-NkATH', adv. [under and neath.] Beneath ; below . 
in a lower place. — Milton. 

UN-DER-NkATH', prep. Under; beneath. — Ben Jonson 

UN-DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Not derogatory.— Boyle. 

UN'DER-PXRT, n. A subordinate part.— Dryden. 

UN-DER-PET'TI-€5AT, n. A petticoat worn under a skirt 
or another petticoat. — Spectator. 

UN-DER-PIN', v. t. 1. To lay stones under the sills of a 
building, on which it is to rest. 2. To support by some 
solid foundation ; or to place something underneath foi 
support. 

UN-DER-PINN£D', pp. Supported by stones or a founda- 
tion. 

UN-DER-PIN'NING, ppr. Placing stones under the sills foi 
support. 

UN-DER-PIN'NING, n. 1. The act of laying stones undei 
sills. 2. The stones on which a building immediately 
rests. 

UN'DER-PLOT, n. 1. A series of events in a play, proceed- 
ing collaterally with the main story, and subservient to it. 
2. A clandestine scheme. 

UN-DER-PRaISE', v. t. To praise below desert. 

UN-DER-PRTZE', v. t. To value at less than the worth ; to 
undervalue. — Shak. 

UN-DER-PRlZED',£p. Undervalued. 

UN-DER-PRIZ'ING, ppr. Undervaluing. 

UN-DER-PROP', v. t. To support; to uphold.— Fenton 

UN-DER-PROPP.ED' (-propf), pp. 1. Supported ; upheld. 
2. a. Having props underneath. — Baxter. 

UN-DER-PRO-P5RTION.ED, a. Having too little proportion. 

t UN-DER-PULL'ER, n. An inferior puller.— Collier. 

UN-DER-E-aTE', v. t. To rate too low ; to rate below tbo 
value ; to undervalue. — Buck. 

UN'DER-RaTE, n. A price less than the worth. 

UN-DER-RaTED, pp. Rated too low ; undervalued. 

UN-DER-RUN', v. t. To pass under in a boat ; as. to under- 
run a cable.— Totten. To underrun a tackle, to separate 
its parts and put them in order. — Mar. Diet. 

UN-DER-SAT'U-Ra-TED, a. Not fully saturated. 

t UN-DER-SaY', v. t. To say by way of derogation or con 
tradiction. — Spen ser. 

UN-DER-S€oRE'. v. t. To draw a mark under. 

UN-DER-S€oR-ED', pp. Marked underneath. 

UN-DER-S€oR'ING, ppr. Marking underneath. 

UN-DER-SELL', v. t. To sell the same articles at a lowot 
price than another. 

UN-DER-SELL'ING, ppr. Selling at a lower price. 

UN-DER-SET', v. t. To prop ; to support.— Bacon. 

UN'DER-SET, n. A current of water below the surface. 

UN-DER-SET'TER, n. A prop ; a pedestal ; a support 

UN-DER-SET'TING, ppr. Propping; supporting. 

UN-DER-SETT1NG, n. The lower part ; the pedestal. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoV E, BOOK. 



UNI) 



1073 



UND 



(JN'DER-SHOT, a. Moved by water passing under the 
wheel ; opposed to overshot. 

UN'DER-SHRUB, n. A low shrub, permanent and woody 
at the base, but the branches decaying yearly. 

ON-DER-SlGN', v. t. To write one's name at the foot or 
end of a letter or any legal instrument. 

UN-DER-SlGNED', n. One who undersigns. 

UN-DER-SlGNED', pp. Written or subscribed at the bot- 
tom or end of a writing. 

UN-DER-SiGNTNG, ppr. Subscribing. 

UN-DER-SlZED', a. Being of a size less than common. 

UN'DER-SOIL, n. Soil beneath the surface ; subsoil.— Asiat. 
Res. 

UN-DER-SoLD', pp. Sold at a lower price. 

UN'DER-SONG, n, Chorus ; burden of a song.— Dryden. 

UN-DER-SPARR.ED', a. See Undermasted. 

UN-DER-STAND', v. t. ; pret. and pp. understood, [under 
and stand.] 1. To have just and adequate ideas of; to 
comprehend ; to know. 2. To have the same ideas as the 
person who speaks, or the ideas which a person intends to 
communicate. 3. To receive or have the ideas expressed 
or intended to be conveyed In a writing or book ; to know 
the meaning. 4. To know the meaning of 6igns, or of any 
thing intended to convey ideas. 5. To suppose to mean. 
6. To know by experience. 7. To know by instinct. 8. 
To interpret, at least mentally. 9. To know another's 
meaning. 10. To hold in opinion with conviction. 11. 
To mean without expressing. 12. To know what is not 
expressed. 13. To learn ; to be informed. 

ON-DER-STAND', v. i. 1. To have the use of the intellect- 
ual faculties ; to be an intelligent and conscious being. 2. 
To be informed by another ; to learn. 

(JN-DER-STAND'A-BLE, a. That can be understood. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

UN-DER-STAND'ER, n. One who understands or knows 
by experience.— Beaumont and Fletcher. [Little used.] 

UN-DER-STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Comprehending ; learning, or 
being informed. 2. a. Knowing ; skillful. 

EN-DER-STAND'ING, n. 1. The faculty of the human 
mind by which it apprehends the real state of things pre- 
sented to it, or by which it receives or comprehends tbe 
ideas which others express and intend to communicate. 
2. Knowledge ; exact comprehension. — Locke. 3. Intelli- 
gence between two or more persons ; agreement of minds ; 
union of sentiments. — Syn. Intellect ; intelligence ; facul- 
ties ; comprehension ; apprehension : conception. 

UN-DER-STAND'ING-LY, adv. Intelligibly ; with full knowl- 
edge or comprehension of a question or subject. 

ITN-DER-STITE', v. t. To state or represent less strongly 
than the truth will bear. 

UN-DER-STOOD', pret. and pp. of understand. 

UN-DER-STRI'TUM, n. Subsoil ; the bed or layer of earth 
on which the mold or soil rests. — Cyc. 

UN-DER-STRoKE', v. t. To underline.— Swift. 

f UN-DER-TaK'A-BLE, a. That may be undertaken. 

IJN-DER-TaKE', v. t. ; pret. undertook ; pp. undertaken. 
[under and take.] 1. To engage in ; to enter upon ; to 
take in hand ; to begin to perform. 2. To covenant or 
contract to perform or execute. 3. To attempt. 4. To 
assume a character ; [obs.] 5. To engage with ; to attack ; 
[obs.] 6._To have the charge of; [obs.] 

(JN-DER-TaKE', v. i. 1. To take upon or assume any busi- 
ness or province. 2. To venture ; to hazard. 3. To prom- 
ise ; to be bound. — To undertake for, to be bound ; to be- 
come surety for. 

UN-DER-TaK'.EN, pp. of undertake. The work was under- 
taken at his own expense. 
UN-DER-TaK'ER n. 1. One who undertakes ; one who 
engages in any project or business. 2. One who stipu- 
lates or covenants to perform any work for another. 3. 
One who manages funerals. 
UN-DER-TIK'ING, ppr. Engaging in ; taking in hand ; be- 
ginning to perform ; stipulating to execute. 
UN-DER-TaKTNG, n. Any business, work, or project 
which a person engages in. — Syn. Enterprise ; attempt ; 
engagement. 

f UN'DER-TlME, n. Undern-tide ; the time after dinner, or 

in the evening. — Spenser. 
UN-DER-TOOK', pret. of undertake. 

UN'DER-ToW, n. [under and tow.] A current of water 
below, and in a different direction from that on the sur- 

UN-DER-VAL-U-a'TION, n. The act of valuing below the 
real worth ; rate not equal to the worth. 

UN-DER-VAL'UE (-val'yu), v. t. 1. To value, rate, or esti- 
mate below the real worth. 2. To esteem lightly ; to treat 
as of little worth. 3. To despise ; to hold in mean esti- 
mation. 

UN-DER-VAL'UE, n. Low rate or price ; a price less than 
the real worth. — Hamilton. 

UN-DER-VAI/EJ-ED (-val'yude), pp. Estimated at less than 
the real worth ; slighted; despised. 

UN-DER-VAL'U-ER, n. One who esteems lightly. 



UN-DER-VAL'U-ING, ppr. Estimating at less than the rea. 
worth ; slighting ; despising. 

UN-DER-WENT, pret. of undergo. 

UN'DER-WOOD, n. Small trees that grow among large 
trees ; coppice. — Mortimer. 

UN'DER-WoRK, n. Subordinate work : petty affairs. 

UN-DER-WORK' (-wurk 1 ), v. t. 1. To destroy by clandes- 
tine measures. 2. To work or labor upon less than is suf- 
ficient or proper. 3. To work at a less price than others 
in the like employment. 

UN-DER-VV6RKTNG, ppr. Destroying clandestinely ; work- 
ing at a lessprice than others in the like employment 

UN-DER-WRiTE' (-rite'), v. i. 1. To write under some 
thing else. 2. To subscribe. 3. To subscribe one's name 
for insurance. 

UN-DER-WRiTE' (-rite'), v. i. To practice insuring. 

UN'DER-WRlT-ER (-rit-er), n. One who insures ; an in 
sui-er : so called because he underwrites his name to the 
conditions of the policy. 

UN-DER-WRiT'ING, ppr. 1. Writing under something 
2. Subscribing a policy ; insuring. 

UN'DER-WRiT-ING, n. The act or practice of insuring 
ships, goods, houses, &c. 

UN-DER-WRITT£N, pp. Written under ; subscribed. 

UN-DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. Not descendible ; not capable of 
descending to heirs. 

UN-DE-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That can not be described. 

UN-DE-SCRlBED', a. Not described.— Hooker. 

UN-DE-SCRlED, a. Not descried ; not discovered. 

UN-DE-SERVjED', a. Not deserved ; not merited. 

UN-DE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. Without desert.— Dryden. 

UN-DE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Want of being worthy. 

UN-DE-SERV'ER, n. One of no merit.— Shah. 

UN-DE-SERV'ING, a. 1. Not deserving; not having merit 
2. Not meriting. — Pope. • 

UN-DE-SERV'ING-LY, adv. Without meriting any partic- 
ular advantage or harm. — Milton. 

UN-DES'IG-Na-TED, a. Not designated.— Warton. 

UN-DE-8IGN.ED' (un-de-sind'), a. Not designed; not in- 
tended^ not proceeding from purpose. 

UN-DE-SlGN'ED-LY, adv. Without design or intention. 

UN-DE-SlGN'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from design or set 
purpose. — Paley. 

UN-DE-SlGN'ING, a. 1. Not acting with set purpose. 2. 
Sincere ; upright ; artless ; having no artful or fraudulent 
purpose. 

UN-DE-SlR'A-BLE, a. Not to be desired ; not to be wished ; 
not pleasing. — Milton. 

UN-DE-SIR.ED', a. Not desired, or not solicited. 

UN-DE-SlR'ING, a. Not desiring ; not wishing.— Dryden. 

UN-DE-SIROUS, a. Not desirous. 

UN-DE-SPaIR'ING, a. Not yielding to despair.— D/er. 

UN-DE-SPOIL£D', a. Not despoiled. 

UN-DES'TINED, a. Not destined. 

t UN-DE-STROYA-BLE, a. Indestructible.— Boyle. 

UN-DE-STROY£D', a. Not destroyed ; not wasted. 

UN-DE-TACILED' (-tachtO, a. Not detached ; not separated 

UN-DE-TE€T'ED, a. Not detected ; not discovered ; not 
laid open. — R. G. Harper. 

UN-DE-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That can not be determined or 
decided. — Locke. 

UN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Not determinate ; not settled. 

UN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE-NESS, n. Uncertainty; unsettled 
state. 

UN-DE-TERM-IN-aTION, n. Indecision ; uncertainty of 
mind. See Indetermination, which is chiefly used. 

UN-DE-TERM'IN£D, a. 1. Not determined; not settled 
not decided. 2. Not limited; not defined. — Syn. Inde- 
terminate; unsettled; unsteady; irresolute; unresolved, 
hesitating ; doubtful ; fluctuating ; wavering. 

UN-DE-TERR.E D', a. Not deterred ; not restrained by fear 
or obstacles. — Mitford. 

UN-DE-TEST'ING, a. Not detesting ; not abhorring. 

UN-DE-VEL'OPE ."» (-vel'opt), a. Not opened or unfolded. 

UN-De'VI- A-TING, c 1. Not deviating ; not departing from 
the way, or from ?k rule, principle, or purpose ; steady ; 
regular. 2. Not erring ; not wandering ; not crooked. 

UN-De'VI-a-TING-LY, adv. Without wandering ; steadily . 
regularly. 

UN-De'VI-OUS, a. Not devious. 

UN-De'VI-OUS-LY, adv. Not deviously. 

UN-DE-VoTED, a. Not devoted.— Clarendon. 

UN-DE-VOURED', a. Not devoured. 

UN-DE-VOUT, a. Not devout ; having no devotion 

UN-DEX'TROUS, a. Not dextrous ; clumsy. 

UN-DlA.-DEM.ED, a. Not adorned with a diadem. 

UN-Dl-APH'A-NOUS, a. Not transparent ; not pellucid. 

UN-DID', pret. of undo. 

UN-D1F-F0S.ED' (-dif-fuzd'), a. Not diffused. 

UN-DIg'E-NOUS (un-dij'e-nus), a. [L. unda, and Gr. ytvotA 
Generated by water. — Kirwan. 

UN-DI-dESTED, a. Not digested ; not subdued by tti* 
stomach ; crude. — Arbuthnot. 



D6VE;-BULL UNITE ;—AN"GER, VI"CIOUS, 

Y Y Y 



K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkis. t Obsolete. 



UND 



1074 



UND 



UN-DiGHT(-dite'), v. t. To put off.— Spenser. 

UN-DIG'NI-FlED, a. Not dignified ; common; mean. 

UN-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not capable of diminution. 

UN-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be diminishable. 

UN-DI-MIN'ISHED (-de-min'isht), a. Not diminished. 

UN-DI-MIN'ISH-ING, a. Not diminishing ; not becoming 
less. 

UN-D3CNE', n. [L. undo,.] A name given by the Cabalists to 
a class of spirits residing in the waters. — Brande. 

UN-DINT'ED, a. Not impressed by a blow.— Skak. 

UN-DIP-LO-MATIC, a. Not according to the rules of dip- 
lomatic bodies. 

UN-DIPPED' (-dipt/), a. Not dipped ; not plunged. 

UN-D[-RE€T'ED, a. 1. Not directed; not guided; left 
without direction. 2. Not addressed ; not superscribed. 

UN-DIS-AP-POINTED, a. Not disappointed. 

UN-DIS-BAND'ED, a. Not disbanded. 

UN-DIS-CERNED' (un-diz-zernd'), a. Not discerned; not 
seen ; not observed ; not descried ; not discovered. 

UN-DIS-CERN'ED-LY (un-diz-zern'ed-le), adv. In such a 
manner as not to be discovered or seen. — Boyle. 

UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE (un-diz-zern'e-bl), a. That can not be 
discerned, seen, or discovered ; invisible. 

UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS (un-diz-zern'e-bl-nes), n. The 
state or quality of being undiscernitele. 

UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLY (un-diz-zern'e-ble), adv. In a way not 
to be discovered or seen ; invisibly ; imperceptibly. 

UN-DIS-CERNTNG (un-diz-zern'ing), a. Not discerning; 
not making just distinctions ; wanting judgment or the 
power of discrimination. 

UN-DIS-CERN'ING (un-diz-zern'ing), n. Want of discern- 
ment. 

UN-DIS-CHaRgED', a. Not discharged. 

UN-DIS'CI-PLiNED, a. 1. Not disciplined ; not duly exer- 
cised and taught ; not subdued to regularity and order ; 
raw. 2. Not instructed ; untaught. 

UN-DIS-CL5SE', v. t. Not to discover. [A bad word.] 

UN-DIS-CLOSED', a. Not disclosed ; not revealed. 

UN-DIS-€6L'ORED (-kullurd), a. Not discolored. 

UN-DIS-CON-CERTED, a. Not disconcerted. 

UN-DIS-GORD'ANT, a. Not discordant. 

UN-DIS-€ORD'ING, a. Not disagreeing : not jarring, [in 
music] ; harmonious. — Milton. 

UN-DIS-CoUR'AGED, a. Not disheartened. 

UN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-a-bl), a. That can not be 
discovered. 

UN-DI8-€6V'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be dis- 
covered. 

UN-DIS-C6VERED (-kuv'erd), a. Not discovered ; not 
seen ; not descried. — Dryden. 

UN-DIS-GRED'IT-ED, a. Not discredited.— Warburton. 

UN-DIS-CREET, a. Not discreet ; not prudent or wise. 

UN-DIS-CREET'LY, adv. Indiscreetly. See Indiscreetly. 

UN-DIS-CRIM'IN-I-TING, a. Not discriminating. 

UN-DIS-CUSSED' (-dis-kusf), a. Not discussed. 

UN-DIS-GRaCED' (-dis-grasf), a. Not disgraced or dis- 
honored. 

UN-DIS-GUlS'A-BLE, a. That can not be disguised. 

UN-DIS-GUlSED' (-gizd'), a. 1. Not disguised ; not covered 
with a mask, or with a false appearance. 2. Open ; frank ; 
candid ; plain ; artless. 

UN-DIS-HE ARTE NED, a. Not discouraged. 

UN-DIS-HON'ORED (un-diz-on'urd), a. Not dishonored; 
not disgraced. — Shale. 

UN-DIS-MIYED' (-madeO, a. Not dismayed; not disheart- 
ened by fear ; not discouraged. 

UN-DIS-6-BLlG'ING, a. Inoffensive- Brown. [Rare.] 

UN-DIS-OR'DERED, a. Not disordered; not disturbed. 

UN-DIS-PENSED' (-pensf), a. 1. Not dispensed. 2. Not 
freed from obligation. 

UN-DIS-PENS'ING, a. Not allowing to be dispensed with. 

UN-DIS-PERSED' (-persf), a. Not dispersed ; not scattered. 

UN-DIS-PLaYED', a. Not displayed; not unfolded. 

UN-DIS-PoSED' (-dis-pozd'), a. Not disposed.— Undisposed 
of, not disposed of; not bestowed. — Swift. 

UN-DIS-PoS'ED-NESS, n. Indisposition ; disinclination. 

UN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. Not disputable. 

UN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS, n. A state of not being dispu- 
table. 

UN-DIS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed ; not contested. 

UN-DIS-QUi'ET-ED, a. Not disquieted ; not disturbed. 

UN-DIS-SEM'BLED, a. Not dissembled ; open ; undis- 
guised; unfeigned. — Atterbury. 

UN-DIS-SEM'BLING, a. Not dissembling ; not exhibiting a 
false appearance ; not false. — Thomson. 

UN-DIS'SI-Pa-TED, a. Not dissipated ; not scattered. 

UN-DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a, 1. That can not be dissolved or 
melted. 2. That may not be loosened or broken. 

UN-DIS-SOLVED', a. Not dissolved : not melted.— Cowp;:r. 

UN-DIS-SOLV'ING, a. Not dissolving ; not melting. 

UN-DIS-TEM'PERED, a. 1. Not diseased ; free from mala- 
dy. 2. Free from perturbation — Temple. 

UN-DIS-TEND'ED, a. Not distended ; not enlarged. 



UN-DISTILLED', a. Not distilled. 

UN-DIS-TIN"GUISH-A-BLE (-ting'gwish-a-bl), a. 1 That 
can not be distinguished by the eye ; not to be distinctly 
seen. 2. Not to be known or distinguished by the intel- 
lect, by any peculiar property. 

UN-DIS-TIN"GUISH-A-BLY, adv. Without distinction ; so 
as not to be known from each other. — Barrow. 

UN-DIS-TIN"GUISILED (-trag'gwisht), a. 1. Not distin- 
guished ; not so marked as to be distinctly known from 
each other. 2. Not separately seen or descried. 3. Not 
plainly discerned. 4. Having no intervenient space. 5. 
Not marked by any particular property. 6. Not treated 
with any particular respect 7. Not distinguished by any 
particular eminence. 

UN-DIS-TIN"GUISH-ING, a. Making no difference; nol 
discriminating. — Addison. 

UN-DIS-TORT'ED, a. Not distorted ; not perverted.— More. 

UN-DIS-TRACT'ED, a. Not perplexed by contrariety or 
confusion of thoughts, desires, or concerns. 

UN-DIS-TRACT'ED-LY, adv. Without disturbance from 
contrariety of thoughts or multiplicity of concerns. 

UN-DIS-TRACTED-NESS, n. Freedom from disturbance. 

UN-DIS-TRIB'U-TED, a. Not distributed or allotted. 

UN-DIS-TURBED', a. 1. Free from interruption; not mo- 
lested or hindered. 2. Free from perturbation of mind ; 
calm ; tranquil ; placid ; serene ; not agitated. 3. Not agi- 
tated ; not stirred ; not moved. 

UN-DIS-TURB'ED-LY, adv. Calmly ; peacefully.— Locke. 

UN-DIS-TURB'ED-NESS, n. Calmness ; tranquillity ; free- 
dom from molestation or agitation. 

UN-DIS-TURB'ING, a. Not disturbing. 

UN-DI-VERS'I-FlED, a. Not diversified; not varied; uni- 
form. 

UN-DI-VERT'ED, a. 1. Not diverted ; not turned aside 

2. Not amused ; not entertained or pleased. 
UN-DI-VlD'A-BLE, a. That can not be divided ; not sepa- 
rable.— -Shak. 

UN-DI-VID'ED, a. 1. Not divided; not separated or dis- 
united ; unbroken ; whole. — 2. In botany, not lobed, cleft, 
or branched. — Cyc. 

UN-DI-Vf D'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be parted. 

UN-DI-VoRCED' (-vorstf), a. Not divorced ; not separated. 
— Young. 

UN-DI-VULGED', a. Not divulged; not revealed or dis- 
closed ; secret. — Robertson. 

UN-Do' (un-doo'), v. t. ; pret. undid ; pp. undone. 1. To re- 
verse what has been done ; to annul ; to bring to naught 
any transaction. 2. To loose ; to open ; to take to pieces ; 
to unravel ; to unfasten ; to untie. 3. To ruin ; to bring 
to poverty ; to impoverish. 4. To ruin, [in a moral sense ;] 
to bring to everlasting destruction and misery. 5. To ruin 
in reputation. 

UN-DOCK', v. t. To take out of dock ; as, to tmdock a ship. 
— Encyc. 

UN-Do'ER, n. One who undoes or brings destruction ; one 
who reverses what has been done. 

UN-Do'ING, ppr. Reversing what has been done ; ruining. 

UN-Do'ING, n. 1. The reversal of what has been done. 2 
Ruin ; destruction. — Hooker. 

UN-DO-MES'TI€, a. Not domestic. 

UN-DO-MES'TI€-a-TED, a. 1. Not domesticated ; not ac- 
customed to a family life. — Chalmers. 2. Not tamed. 

UN-D6NE (un-dun*), #p. 1. Reversed; annulled. 2. Ruined; 
destroyed. 3. a. Not done ; not performed ; not executed. 

UN-DOUBTED (un-doufed), a. Not doubted ; not called in 
question ; indubitable ; indisputable. — Milton. 

UN-DOUBTED-LY (un-doufed-le), adv. Without doubt; 
without question; indubitably. — Tillotson. 

UN-DOUBTFUL (un-dout'ful), a. Not doubtful; not am- 
biguous ; plain ; evident. — Shak. 

UN-DOUBTING (un-doufing), a. Not doubting; not hesi- 
tating respecting facts ; not fluctuating in uncertainty 

UN-DOUBTING-LY, adv. Without doubting. 

UN-DRaINED', a. Not drained ; not freed from water. 

UN-DRA-MAT'IC, \a. Not dramatic ; not according to 

UN-DRA-MAT'IC-AL, 5 the rules of the drama, or not 
suitedto the drama. 

UN-DRXPED' (-drapte'), a. Not covered with drapery. 

UN-DRAWN', a. 1. Not drawn ; not pulled by an externa: 
force. — Milton. 2. Not allured by motives or persuasiou 

3. Not takentrom the box. 

UN-DR£AD'ED (un-dred'ed), a. Not dreaded; not feared. 
UN-DReAD'ING (un-dred'ing), a. Not dreading ; fearless. 
UN-DReAMED', a. Not dreamed ; not thought of. 
UN-DRESS', v. t. 1. To divest of clothes ; to strip. 2. To 

divest of ornaments or the attire of ostentation ; to disrobe. 
UN'DRESS, n. 1. A loose, negligent dress. Dryden,—% 

Among soldiers, dress when not on duty. 
UN-DRESSED' (-dresf), pp. 1. Divested of dress ; disrobed. 

2. a. Not dressed ; not attired. 3. Not prepared. 4. Not 

pruned ; not trimmed ; not put in order. 
UN-DRIED', a. 1. Not dried; wet. 2. Not dried ; green, 
UN-DRILLE D' (-drild ), a. Not drilled. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARi'NE, BIRD ;- MOVE, BOOK, 



UNE 



1075 



UNE 



UN-DRINK'A-BLE, a. Not drinkable. 

UN-DRIVEN, a. Not driven ; not impelled.— Dry den. 

UN-DROOP'ING, a. Not drooping ; not sinking ; not de- 
spairing. — Thomson. 

UN-DROSS'Y, a. Free from dross or recrement. — Pope. 

UN-DROWNED', a. Not drowned.— Shak. 

UN-Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. Not to be doubted ; unquestionable. 

UN-DDE' (un-du'), a. 1. Not due, nor yet demandable of 
right. 2. Not right ; not legal ; improper. 3. Not agree- 
able to a rule or standard, or to duty ; not proportioned ; 
excessive. 

UN-D0KE', v. t. To deprive of dukedom.— Swift. 

UN'DU-LA-RY, a. [L. undula.] Playing like waves ; wav- 
ing. — Brown. 

UN'DU-La.TE, v. t. [L. undula.] To move back and forth, 
or up and down, as waves ; to cause to vibrate. 

UN'DU-LaTE, v. i. To -vibrate ; to move back and forth ; 
to wave ; as, undulating air. — Pope. 

UN'DU-LATE, } a. Wavy ; waved obtusely up and down, 

UN'DU-La-TED, 5 near the margin, as a leaf or corol. 

UNT)U-La-TING, ppr. 1. Waving ; vibrating. 2. a, Wavy ; 
.rising and falling. 

UN'DU^La-TING-LY, adv. In the form of waves. 

UN-DU-La'TION, n. 1. A waving motion or vibration.— 2. 
In medicine., a particular uneasy sensation of an undulato- 
ry motion in the heart. — 3. In music, a rattling or jarring 
of sounds, as when discordant notes are sounded together. 
— 4. In surgery, a certain motion of the matter of an ab- 
scess when pressed, which indicates its fitness for opening. 

UN'DU-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving in the manner of waves ; or 
resembling the motion of waves, which successively rise 
or swell and fall. — Undulatory theory, in optics, the theory 
that the phenomena of light are produced by the undula- 
tions of an independent medium, set in motion by the 
luminous body ; opposed to the theory of emanations, ac- 
cording to which light is a material fluid of extreme sub- 
tilty. According to the former theory, the fluid is only 
the medium of light, as air is the medium of sound, and 
the impression is conveyed from the radiant to the eye by 
successive undulations of this medium ; according to the 
latter, the motion is simply that of a chain of particles 
moving in right lines. — Olmsted. 

f UN-DULL', v. t. To remove dullness or obscurity ; to 
clear ; to purify. — Whitlock. 

UN-Du'LY, adv. 1. Not according to duty or propriety. 
2. Not in proper proportion ; excessively. 

f UN-DuR'A-BLE, a. Not durable ; not lasting. — Arnioay. 

\ UN-DUST, v. t. To free from dust.— Montague. 

UN-DuTE-OUS, a. Not performing duty to parents and 
superiors ; not obedient. — Dry den. 

UN-DuTI-FUL, a. Not obedient ; not performing duty. 

UN-Du'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Not according to duty ; in a dis- 
obedient manner. — Dryden. 

UN-Du'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Want of respect ; violation of 
duty ; disobedience. 

UN-D5TNG, a. 1. Not dying ; not perishing. 2. Not s\ib- 
ject to death ; immortal. 

UN-EARNED' (un-ernd') I a. Not merited by labor or serv- 
ices. — Phillips. 

UN-tARTH' (un-erth 7 ), v. t. To drive from the earth ; to 
uncover. 

UN-EARTHED' (un-erthr), a. Driven from a den, cavern, 
or burrow. — Thomson. 

UN-£ARTH'LY (un-erfhle), a. Not terrestrial.— Shak. 

UN-E AS'I-LY, adv. 1. With uneasiness or pain. — L' Estrange. 
2. With difficulty ; not readily. — Boyle. 

UN-EAS'I-NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of pain ; rest- 
lessness ; want of ease ; disquiet. 2. Unquietness of mind ; 
moderate anxiety or perturbation ; disquietude. 3. That 
which makes uneasy or gives trouble ; ruggedness. 

UN-E AST, a. 1. Feeling some degree of pain ; restless ; 
disturbed; unquiet. 2. Giving some pain. 3. Disturbed 
in mind ; somewhat anxious ; unquiet. 4. Constraining ; 
cramping. 5. Constrained; stiff; not graceful , not easy. 

6. Giving some pain to others ; disagreeable ; unpleasing. 

7. Difficult; [obs.] 

UN-EATA-BLE, a. Not eatable ; not fit to be eaten. 
UN-EAT'EN, a. Not eaten ; not devoured. — Clarendon. 
\ UN-EATH', adv. [un, and Sax. eaih, easy.] 1. Not easily. 

— Shak. 2. Beneath ; below. — Spenser. 
UN-EBB'ING, a. Not ebbing. 
UN-E€H'0-ING (-ek'o-ing), a. Not echoing. 
UN-E-CLIPSED' (-klipst), a. Not eclipsed ; not obscured. 
UN-E-€0-NOM'I€-AL, a. Not economical.— Qu. Rev. 
UN-ED'I-FY-ING, a. Not edifying; not improving to the 

mind. — Atterbury. 
UN-ED'I-F¥-ING-LY, adv. Not in an edifying manner. 
UN-ED'U-CI-TED, a. Not educated ; illiterate. 
UN-EF-FaCED' (-faste'), a. Not effaced ; not obliterated. 
UN-EF-FECT'ED. a. Not effected or performed. 
UN-EF-FECT'U-AL, a. Ineffectual. 

UN-E-LAB'OR-ATE, a. Finished with little labor or study. 
UN-E-LAS'TIC, a. Not elastic ; not having the property of 



recovering its original state when bent or forced out of its 
form. 

UN-E-LAS-TIC'I-TY, n. State of being unelastic. 

UN-E-LaT'ED, a. Not elated ; not puffed up. 

UN-EL'BoWED, a. Not attended by any at the elbow. 

UN-E-LECT'ED, a. Not elected ; not chosen; not ^referred 

t UN-EL'E-GANT, a. Not elegant. See Inelegant. 

UN-EL'I-61-BLE, a. Not proper to be chosen ; ineligible. 

UN-E-MAN'CI-Pa-TED, a. Not emancipated. 

UN-EM-BaLMED' (un-em-bamd'), a. Not embalmed. 

UN-EM-BAR'RASSED (-em-bar'rast), a. 1. Not embarrassed . 
not perplexed in mind ; not confused. 2. Free from pe- 
cuniary difficulties or encumbrances. 3. Free from per- 
plexing connection. 

UN-EM-BITTERED, a. Not embittered ; not aggravated. 
Roscoe. 

UN-EM-BOD'lED, a. 1. Free from a corporeal body. 2. 
Not embodied ; not collected into a body. — Smollett. 

UN-EM-BROID'ERED, a. Not embroidered.— Ash 

UN-EM-PHAT'IC, a. Having no emphasis. 

UN-EM-PHAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. Without energy or emphasis. 

UN-EM-PLOYED', a. 1. Not employed ; not occupied ; not 
busy ; at leisure ; not engaged.— Addison. 2. Not being 
in use. 

UN-EM-POW'ERED, a. Not empowered or authorized. 

t UN-EMP'TI-A-BLE, a. Not to be emptied ; inexhaustible. 

UN-EM'U-La-TING, a. Not emidating ; not striving to excel 

UN-EN-CH1NTED, a. Not enchanted ; that can not be en 
chanted. — Milton. 

UN-EN-€OUNT'ERED, a. Not encountered. 

UN-EN-€UM'BER, v. t. To free from encumbrance. 

UN-EN-€UM'BERED, pp. 1. Disengaged from eneum 
brance. 2. a. Not encumbered ; not burdened. 

UN-EN-DeARED', a. Not attended with endearment 
Milton. 

UN-EN-DeAV'OR-ING, a. Making no effort 

UN-END'ED, a. Not ended.— Bentham. 

UN-END'ING, a. Not ending.— N. A. Rev. 

UN-EN-DOWED', a. 1. Not endowed ; not furnished ; nut 
invested. 2. Not furnished with funds. 

UN-EN-DuR'A-BLE, a. Not to be endured ; intolerable. 

UN-EN-DuR'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be endured. 

UN-EN-DuR'ING, a. Not lasting ; of temporary duration. 

UN-E-NERV'a-TED, a. Not enervated or weakened. 

UN-EN-FeE'BLED, a. Not enfeebled. 

UN-EN-GagED', a. 1. Not engaged ; not bound by covenant 
or promise ; free from obligation to a particular person. 
2. Free from attachment that binds. 3. Unemployed ; un- 
occupied; not busy. 4. Not appropriated. 

UN-EN-GaG'ING, a. Not adapted to engage or win the ai- 
tention or affections ; not inviting. 

UN-EN"OLISH (-ing-glish), a. Not English.— West. Rev. 

UN-EN-JOYED', a. " Not enjoyed ; nofobtained. 

UN-EN-JOY'ING, a. Not using ; having no fruition 

UN-EN-LaR6ED', a. Not enlarged ; narrow.— Watts. 

UN-EN-LIGHT'ENED (-lit'nd), a. Not enlightened ; not il 
luminated. 

UNEN-LiV'ENED, a. Not enlivened.— Moore. 

UN-EN-SLaVED', a. Not enslaved ; free.— Addison. 

UN-EN-TAN"GLE (-en-tang'gl), v. t. To free from complica- 
tion or perplexity ; to disentangle. — Donne. 

UN-EN-TAN"GLED, pp. 1. Disentangled. 2. a. Not entan 
gled ; not complicated ; not perplexed. 

UN-EN'TER-PRlS-ING, a. Not enterprising; not adven 
turous. 

UN-EN'TER-PRiS-ING-LY, adv. Without enterprise. 

UN-EN-TER-TaIN'ING, a. Not entertaining or amusing , 
giving no delight. — Pope. 

UN-EN-TER-TIIN'ING-LY, adv. Without entertainment. 

UN-EN-TER-TXIN'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being un- 
entertaining or dull. 

UN-EN-THRALLED', a. Not enslaved; not reduced to 
thralldom. 

UN-EN-T5MBED', a. Not buried ; not interred.— Dryden. 

UN-EN-TO-MO-LOG'IC-AL, a. Not entomological.— Kirby. 

UN-EN'VIED (-en'vid), a. Not envied ; exempt from th« 
envy of others. 

UN-EN'VI-OUS, a. Not envious ; free from envy. 

UN-EN'VY-ING, a. Not envying.— Ed. Rev. 

UN-EP'I-TAPHED (-taft), a. Having no epitaph.— Pollok. 

UN-E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. Not episcopal.-- -Erf. Rev. 

UN-E'QUA-BLE, a. Different from itself; different at dif- 
ferent times ; not uniform ; diverse. 

UN-E'QUAL (-ekwal), a. [L. incequalis.] 1. Not equal; not 
even ; not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, &c. 
2. Not equal in strength, talents, acquirements, <fcc. : infe- 
rior. 3. Not equal in age or station ; inferior. 4. Insuffi- 
cient ; inadequate. 5. Partial ; unjust ; not furnishing 
equivalents to the different parties. 6. Disproportioned , 
ill-matched. 7. Not regular ; not uniform. — 8. In botany 
not having the two sides symmetrical, as the leaf of bego 
nia. — Lindley. 

UN-E'QUAL-A-BLE, a. Not to be equaled.— Boyle. 



D6VE :— BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER : VF'CIOUS— € as K ; G as J;Sa-Z: cH as SH ; TH as in 



Obsolete. 



ONE 



1076 



UNF 



tJN-fitiJAL.EL ^-elvwald), a. Not to be equaled , unparal- 
leled ; unrivaled. [In a good or bad sense.\ 

UN-E'QUAL-LY, adv. 1. Not equally; in different degrees ; 
in disproportion to each other. 2. Not with like sentiments, 
temper, or religious opinions or habits. — 2 Cor., vi. 

{JN-E'Q.UAL-NESS, n. State of being unequal ; inequality. 
— Tetnple. 

UN-E-QUIPP.ED' (-e-kwipn a. Not equipped. 

UN-EQ'UI-TA-BLE (-ek'w^-ta-bl), a. 1. Not equitable ; not 
just. 2. Not impartial. [Inequitable is generally used.] 

UN-E-QUIV'0-€AL (-e-kwiv'o-kal), a. 1. Not equivocal ; not 
doubtful ; clear ; evident. 2. Not ambiguous ; not of doubt 
ful signification ; not admitting different interpretations. 

UN-E-QUIV'O-GAL-LY, adv. Without doubt ; without room 
to doubt ; plainly ; with full evidence. 

UN-E-QUIVO-€AL-NESS, n. State of being unequivocal. 

UN-ER'RA-BLE, a. Incapable of erring ; infallible. 

UN-ER'RABLE-NESS, n. Incapacity of error. 

UN-ERR'ING, a. 1. Committing no mistake ; incapable of 
error. 2. Incapable of failure ; certain. 

UN-ERR'ING-LY, adv. Without mistake.— Glanville. 

t UN-ES-CHEW'A-BLE, a. Unavoidable.— Careic. 

UN-ES-€UTCH'E6N£D (-es-kuch'und), a. Not having a 
coat ofarms or ensign. — Wordsworth. 

UN-ES-PI.ED', a. Not espied ; not discovered ; not seen. 

UN-ES-SXY.ED', a. Not essayed ; unattempted.— Milton. 

UN-ES-SENTIAL, a. 1. Not essential ; not absolutely nec- 
essary ; not of prime importance. 2. Not constituting the 
essence. 3. Void of real being. 

UN-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. Something not constituting essence, 
or not of absolute necessity. 

UN-ES-SENTIAL-LY, adv. Not essentially. 

(W-ES-TAB'LISH, v. t. To unfix ; to deprive of establish- 
ment. — Milton. [Little used.] 

UN-ES-TAB'LISRED, a. Not established ; not permanently 
fixed. 

UN-EU-€HA-RISTI€-AL, a. Not eucharistical.-£d. Rev. 

UN-E-VAN-6EL'I€-AL, a. Not orthodox ; not according to 
the Gospel. — Milner. 

ITN-E-VAN6EL-IZ.ED, a. Not evangelized. 

UN-E-VAP'O-Ra-TED, a. Not evaporated.— Coleridge. 

UN-E'V£N (un-e'vn), a. 1. Not even ; not level. 2. Not 
equal ; not of equal length. 3. Not uniform. — Uneven 
number, a number not divisible by two without a remain- 
der ; an odd number. 

UN-E'V-EN-LY, adv. In an uneven manner. 

UN-E'VEN-NESS, n. 1. Surface not level; inequality of 
surface. 2. Turbulence ; change ; want of uniformity. 3. 
Want of uniformity. 4. Want of smoothness. 

UN-E-VENT'FUL, a. Not eventful.— Southey. 

UN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. Not to be escaped ; unavoidable. 

UN-E-VOLVED', pp. Not evolved. 

UN-EX-A€T (-egz-akf), a. Not exact. See Inexact. 

UN-EX- ACTED (-egz-), a. Not exacted ; not taken by force. 

UN-EX-A6'6ER-A-TED, a. Not exaggerated.— Buckminster. 

UN-EX-A6'dER-A-TING, a. Not enlarging in description. 

UN-EX-AM'IN-A-BLE (-egz-), a. Not to be examined.— Mil- 
ton. 

UN-EX-AM'IN.ED (-egz-), a. 1. Not examined; not inter- 
rogated strictly. 2. Not inquired into; not investigated. 
3. Not discussed ; not debated. 

UN-EX-AMTL.ED (-egz-), a. Having no example or similar 
case ; having no precedent ; unprecedented ; unparalleled. 

UN-EX-CEPT'ED, a. Not excepted.— Chalmers. 

UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to any exception 
or objection ; unobjectionable. 

UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of be- 
ing unexceptionable. — More. 

UN-EX-CEPTION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner liable to no 
objection. 

UN-EX-CIS.ED', a. Not charged with the duty of excise. 

UN-EX-ClT'ED, a. Not excited ; not roused.— Brown. 

UN-EX-€LuD'ED. a. Not excluded.— Wordsworth. 

UN-EX-€Lu'SiVE, a. Not exclusive.— Ed. Rev. 

UN-EX-€06'I-TA-BLE, a. Not to be found out.— Raleigh. 

UN-EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€a-TED, a. Not excommunicated. 

UN-EX-€tJS'A-BLE, a. Not excusable. 
UN-EX-€uS'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inexcusableness, which see. 
UN-EX ECU-TED, a. 1. Not performed ; not done. 2. Not 
signed or sealed ; not having the proper attestations or 
forms that give validity. 
UN-EX'EM-PLA-RY (-egz-), a. Not exemplary ; not accord- 
ing to example. — Swift. 
UN-EX-EM'PLI-FlED (-egz-), a. Not exemplified ; not il- 
lustrated by example. — Boyle. 
UN-EX-EMPT' (-egz-), a. Not exempt ; not free by privilege. 
UN-EX'ER-ClS£D, a. Not exercised ; not practiced ; not 

disciplined ; not experienced. — Dryden. 
UN-EX-ERT'ED (-egz-), a. Not called into action ; not ex- 
erted. 
r JN-EX-HAUSTED (un-egz-), a. 1. Not exhausted; not 
drained to the bottom or to the last article. — Addison. 2. 
Not spent. 



UN-EX-IST'ENT (-egz-), a. Not existing.— Brown. 

UN-EX-ISTTNG (-egz-), a. Not existing.— Brown. 

UN-EX'OR-ClS£D, a. Not exorcised ; not cast out by ea 
orcism. 

UN-EX-PAND'ED, a. Not expanded; not spread out.- 
Blackmore. 

t UN-EX-PECT-A'TION, n. Want of foresight. 

UN-EX-PECT'ED, a. Not expected ; not looked for ; sud 
den ; not provided against.— Hooker. 

UN-EX-PECTED-LY, adv. At a time or in a manner nw 
expected or looked for; suddenly.— Syn. Sudden; un 
looked for ; unanticipated ; unforeseen. 

UN-EX-PE€T-ED-NESS, n. The quality of being unex 
pected, or of coming suddenly and by surprise.— Watts. 

UN-EX-PEC'TO-RI-TING, a. Not expectorating ; not dis- 
charging from the lungs. 

UN-EX-PE'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient. 

UN-EX-PEND'ED, a. Not expended ; not laid out. 

UN-EX-PENS'lVE, a. Not expensive ; not costly. 

UN-EX-PE'RI-ENCJED (-eks-pe're-enst), a. 1. Not experi- 
enced ; not versed ; not acquainted by trial or practice. 
2. Untried. 

UN-EX-PER-I-MENT'AL, a. Not experimental.— Ed. Rev. 

UN-EX-PERT', a. Wanting skill ; not ready or dextrous in 
performance. — Prior. 

UN-EX-PERTLY, adv. Inexpertly ; without skill. 

UN-EX-PlR£D', a. Not expired ; not ended. 

UN-EX-PL AlN'A-BLE, a. That can not be explained. 

UN-EX-PLoRJED', a. 1. Not explored ; not searched or ex 
amined by the eye ; unknown. 2. Not examined intel- 
lectually. 

UN-EX-PLo'SIVE, a. Not explosive. 

UN-EX-P6RT'ED, a. Not exported.— Ash. 

UN-EX-P5S.ED' (-eks-pozd'), a. 1. Not laid open to view , 
concealed. 2. Not laid open to censure. 

UN-EX-POUND'ED, a. Not expounded ; not explained. 

UN-EX-PRESSJED' (-eks-presf), a. Not expressed ; not 
mentioned or named ; not exhibited. 

UN-EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That can not be expressed. 

UN-EX-PRESS1-BLY, adv. Inexpressibly. 

UN-EX-PRESS'IVE, a. 1. Not having the power of ex- 
pressing. 2. Inexpressible ; unutterable. 

UN-EX-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. Inexpressively ; unutterably 

UN-EX-PUN6.ED' (-eks-punjd'), a. Not expunged. 

UN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Occupying no assignable space ; hav 
ing no dimensions. — Locke. 

UN-EX-TINCT', a. Not extinct ; not being destroyed ; not 
having perished. 

UN-EX-TIN"GUISH-A-BLE (-eks-tdng-gwish-), a. 1. That 
can not be extinguished ; unquenchable. 2. That can not 
be annihilated or repressed. 

UN-EX-TIN"GU1SH-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degrefl 
that precludes extinction. — Johnson. 

UN-EX-TIN"GUISHED (-eks-ting-gwisht), a. Not extin- 
guished ; not quenched ; not entirely repressed. — Dryden. 

UN-EX-TIR'Pa-TED, a. Not extirpated ; not rooted out 

UN-EX-TORTED, a. Not extorted ; not wrested. 

UN-EX-TRA€TED, a. Not extracted or drawn out. 

UN-FaD'ED, a. 1. Not faded ; not having lost its strength 
of color. 2. Unwithered, as a plant. 

UN-FaD'ING, a. 1. Not liable to lose strength or freshness 
of coloring. 2. Not liable to wither. 

UN-FaD'ING-LY, adv. In an unfading manner. 

UN-FIDTNG-NESS, n. The state or quality of being un- 
fading. 

t UN-FaIL'A-BLE, a. That can not fail.— Hall. 

t UN-FIIL'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being unfailable 

UN-FaIL'ING, a. 1. Not liable to fail ; not capable of being 
exhausted 2. That does not fail ; certain. 

UN-FIIL'INJ-LY, adv. Without failure. 

UN-FIIL1NG-NESS, n. The state of being unfailing. 

UN-FaINTING, a. Not fainting; not sinking; not failing 
under toil. — Sandys. 

UN-FaIR', a. 1. Not honest ; not impartial ; disingenuous ; 
using trick or artifice. 2. Not honest ; not just ; not equal 
3. Proceeding from trick or dishonesty. 

UN-FaIR'LY, adv. Not in a just or equitable manner.— 

Parnell. 
UN-FaIR'NESS, n. 1. Dishonest or disingenuous conduct 
or practice ; use of trick or artifice. 2. Injustice ; want 
of equitableness. 
UN-Fa ITH'FUL, a. 1. Not observant of promises, vows, 
allegiance, or duty ; violating trust or confidence. 2. Not 
performing the proper duty. 3. Impious ; infidel. 4. 
Negligent of duty. — Syn. Perfidious ; treacherous ; un- 
dutiful ; disloyal. 
UN-Fa ITH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In violation of promises, vows, 
or duty ; treacherously ; perfidiously. 2. Negligently , 
imperfectly. 
UN-FIITH'FUL-NESS, n. Neglect or violation of vows, 
promises, allegiance, or other duty ; breach of confidence 
or trust reposed ; perfidiousness ; treachery. 
UN-FAL'€a-TED, a. Not curtailed ; having no deductions. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, «fec, long.— I, t, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mo VE, BQQ K 



U.NF 



1077 



UNF 



0N-FALL'.EN, a. Not fallen.— Young. 
UN-FAL'LoWJED, a. Not fallowed.— Phillips, 
UN-FAL'TER-ING-LY, adv. Without faltering; unhesita- 
tingly. 
UN-FA-MIL'IAR, a. Not accustomed ; not common ; not 

rendered agreeable by frequent use. — Warton. 
UN-FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. Want of familiarity.— Johnson. 
UN-FA-MIL'IAR-LY, adv. Not familiarly. 
UN-FAS'CIN-A-TED, a. Not fascinated. 
UN-FAS'CIN-I-TING, a. Not fascinating. 
UN-FASH'ION-A-BLE (-fash'un-a-bl), a. 1. Not fashionable ; 
not according to the prevailing mode. 2. Not regulating 
dress or manners according to the reigning custom. 
UN-FASH'ION-A-BLE-NESS,- n. Neglect of the prevailing 

mode ; deviation from reigning custom. — Locke. 
UN-FASH'ION-A-BLY, adv. Not according to the fashion. 
UN-FASHIONED (-fash'und), a, Not modified by art; 
amorphous ; shapeless ; not having a regular form. — 
Dryden. 
UN-FAST, a. Not safe ; not secure. 
UN-FASTEN (-fas'n), v. t. To loose ; to unfix ; to unbind ; 

to untie. 
UN-FaST.EN.ED, pp. Loosed; untied; unfixed. 
UN-FASTING, a. Not fasting. 
UN-FA'THERED, a. Fatherless.— Shah, 
UN-FA'THER-LY, a. Not becoming a father ; unkind. 
UN-FATH'OM-A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be sounded by a 
line. 2. So deep or remote that limit or extent can not 
be found. 
UN-FATH'OM-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unfath- 
omable. — Norris. 
UN-FATH'OM-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of be- 
ing sounded. — Thomson, 
UN-FATH'OMED, a. Not sounded ; not to be sounded. 
UN-FA-TlGUED' (un-fa-teegd'), a. Not wearied ; not tired. 

— Phillips. 
UN-FAULTY, a. Free from fault ; innocent.— Milton. 
UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLE, a. 1. Not favorable ; not propitious ; 
not disposed or adapted to countenance or support. 2. 
Not propitious ; not adapted to promote any object. 3. 
Not kind ; not obliging. 4. Discouraging. 
UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unpropitiousness ; unkind- 

ness ; want of disposition to countenance or promote 
UN-F a'VOR-A-BLY, adv. Unpropitiously ; unkindly ; so as 
not to countenance, support, or promote ; in a manner to 
discourage. 
UN-Fa'VORED, a. Not favored; not assisted.— Goldsmith. 
UN-FEAR.ED', a. 1. Not affrighted : not daunted.— Ben Jon- 
son ; [obs.] 2. Not feared; not dreaded.— Milton. 
UN-FeAR'FUL, a. Not fearful ; courageous. 
UN-FeARTNG, a. Not fearing. — Montgomery. 
UN-FeAR'ING-LY, adv. Without fear.— Coleridge. 
UN-FeAS'I-BLE, a. That can not be done ; impracticable. 
UN-Fit ATH'ER ED, a. Having no feathers ; unfledged ; im- 

plumous ; naked of feathers. 
UN-FeATURED, a. Wanting regular features ; deformed. 
JN-FED', a. Not fed ; not supplied with food. 
UN-FEED', a. 1. Not feed ; not retained by a fee. 2. Unpaid. 
JN-FEEL'ING, a. 1. Insensible; void of sensibility; cal- 
lous; obdurate. 2. Cruel; hard. 
JN-FEELTNG-LY, adv. In an unfeeling or cruel manner. 
JN-FEELTNG-NESS, n. Insensibility ; hardness of heart ; 

cruelty. — Darwin. 
JN-FE1GN.ED (un-f and 7 ), a. Not feigned ; not counterfeit ; 

not hypocritical ; real ; sincere. 
tTN-FEIGNED-LY, adv. Without hypocrisy ; really ; (sin- 
cerely. 
UN-FE-LIC'I-Tl-TING, a. Not producing felicity. 
JN-FEL'Lf>W.ED, a. Not matched. 
JN-FELT, a. Not felt ; not perceived. — Dryden. 
UN-FEM'I-NINE, a. Not feminine ; not according to the 

female character or manners. — Roberts. 
JN-FENCE' (mi-fens'), v. t. To strip offence ; to remove a 

fence from. — South. 
JN-FENCED' (-fenstO, pp. 1. Deprived of a fence. 2. a. 

Not fenced ; not inclosed ; defenseless. 
ON-FER-MENTED, a. 1. Not fermented ; not having un- 
dergone the process of fermentation. 2. Not leavened. 
MN-FERTILE, a. 1. Not fertile ; not rich • not having the 
qualities necessary to the production of good crops. 2. 
Barren ; unfruitful ; bare ; waste. 3. Not proline. 
'IN-FER'Ti L E NESS, n. State of being unfertile.— Johnson. 
JN-FETTER, v. t. 1. To loose from fetters ; to unchain ; 
to unshackle. 2. To free from restraint ; to set at libertv. 
UN-FETTERED, pp. 1. Unchained; unshackled; freed 

from restraint. 2. a. Not restrained. 
UNFETTER-ING, ppr. Unchaining; setting free from re- 
straint. 
•JN-FIG'URED, a. Representing no animal form.— Wotton. 
UN-FIL'IAL (-fil'yal), a. Unsuitable to a son or child ; un- 

dutiful ; not becoming a child. — Shak. 
UN-FIL'IAL-LY, adv. In a manner unbecoming a child. 
UN-FILLED', a. Not filled ; not fully supplied. - Taylor. 



UN-FILMED', a. Not covered with t. film.— Brit. Spy. 

UN-FIN'ISHED (-fin'isht). a. Not finished ; not complete , 
notbrought to an end ; imperfect ; wanting the last touch. 

UN-FIR.ED', a. Not fired ; not inflamed. 

UN-FIRM' (-furm'), a. 1. Not firm ; weak ; feeble ; infirm. 
2. Not stable ; not well fixed ; as, with feet unfirm.— Dryden. 

UN-FtRM'NESS, n. A weak state ; instability. 

UN-FIT, a. 1. Not fit. 2. Not qualified.— Syn. Improper ; 
unsuitable ; unseasonable ; untimely ; inopportune ; inex- 
pedient ; unqualified ; unmeet ; unworthy ; incompetent 

UN-FIT, v. t. 1. To disable ; to make unsuitable ; to deprive 
of the strength, skill, or proper qualities for any thing. 2. 
To disqualify ; to deprive of the moral or mental qualities 
necessary for any thing. 

UN-FITLY, adv. Not properly ; unsuitably. 

UN-FITNESS, n. 1. Want of suitable powers or qualifies 
tions, physical or moral. 2. Want of propriety or adapta- 
tion to character or place. 

UN-FITTED, pp. Rendered unsuitable ; disqualified. 

UN-FITTING, ppr. 1. Rendering unsuitable.; disqualifying. 

2. a. Improper ; unbecoming. 

UN-FIX', v. t. 1. To loosen from any fastening ; to detach 
from any thing that holds ; to unsettle ; to unhinge. 2, 
To make fluid ; to dissolve. 

UN-FIXED' (-fiksf), pp. 1. Unsettled ; loosened. 2. a. Wan- 
dering ; erratic ; inconstant ; having no settled habitation. 

3. Having no settled view or object of pursuit. 

UN-FIX'ED-NESS, n. The state of being unsettled. 

UN-FIX'ING, ppr. Unsettling; loosening. 

UN-FLAG'GING, a. Not flagging; not drooping; maintain- 
ing strength or spirit. — South. 

UN-FLATTERED, a. Not flattered.— Young. 

UN-FLATTER-ING, a. 1. Not flattering ; not gratifying with 
obsequious behavior ; not coloring the truth to please. 2. 
Not affording a favorable prospect. 

UN-FLAT'TER-ING-LY, adv. Without flattery. 

UN-FLAWED' (-flawd 7 ), a. Having no flaw. 

UN-FLED6ED', a. 1. Not yet furnished with feathers ; im 
plumous. 2. Young ; not having attained to full growth. 

UN-FLESHED' (-fleshtO, a. Not fleshed ; not seasoned tc 
blood ; raw. 

UN-FLINCH'ING, a. Not flinching ; determined. 

UN-FLITTING, a. Not flitting.— E. Irving. 

UN-FLOW'ER-ING, a. Not flowering.— Montgomery. 

UN-FOILED', a. Not vanquished; not defeated.— Temple. 

UN-F5LD', v. t. 1. To open folds ; to expand ; to spread 
out. 2. To open any thing covered or close ; to lay open 
to view or contemplation ; to disclose ; to reveal. 3. To 
develop ; to declare ; to tell ; to disclose ; to divulge. 4. 
To display. 5. To release from a fold or pen. 

UN-FoLD'ED, pp. Opened ; expanded ; revealed ; dis- 
played ; released from a fold. 

UN-FoLD'ING, ppr. Opening; expanding; disclosing; dis- 
playing ; releasing from a fold. 

UN-FoLD'ING, n. The act of expanding, displaying, or die- 
closing; disclosure. 

UN-FOL'LoWED, a. Not followed.— Scott. 

t UN-FOOL', v. t. To restore from folly. 

UN-FOR-BEIR'ING, a. Not forbearing. 

UN-FOR-BID', \ a. 1. Not forbid ; not prohibited. 2. 

UN-FOR-BID'DEN, 5 Allowed ; permitted ; legal. 

t UN-FOR-BID'DEN-NESS, n. The state of being unforbid 
den. — Boyle. 

UN-FoRCED' (-f orsf), a. 1. Not forced ; not compelled ; 
not constrained. 2. Not urged or impelled. 3. Not feign- 
ed ; not heightened ; natural. 4. Not violent ; easy ; grad- 
ual. 5. Easy; natural. 

UN-FoR'CI-BLE, a. Wanting force or strength. 

UN-FoRD'A-BLE, a. Not fordable ; that can not be forded 
or passed by wading. — Whitalier. 

UN-FoRE-BoD'ING, a. Giving no omens.— Pope. 

UN-FoRE-KNoWN', a. Not previously known or foreseen 

t UN-FoRE-SEE'A-BLE, a. That can not be foreseen. 

UN-FoRE-SEE'ING, a. Not foreseeing.— South. 

UN-FoRE-SEEN',a. Not foreseen; not foreknown. — Dryden. 

UN-FoRE'SKINNED, a. Circumcised.— Milton. [Bad.\ 

UN-F5RE-T5LD', a. Not predicted. 

UN-F5RE-WARNED', a. Not previously warned. 

UN-FORFElt-ED, a. Not forfeited.— Rogers. 

UN-FOR-GET'FUL, a. Not forgetful.— Wilson. 

UN-FOR-GIV'EN, a. Not forgiven ; not pardoned. 

UN-FOR-GIV'ING, a. Not forgiving ; not disposed to over- 
look or pardon offenses ; implacable. — Dryden. 

UN-FOR-GOT, \ a. 1. Not forgot ; not lost to mem- 

UN-FOR-GOTTEN, 5 ory. 2. Not overlooked ; not neg- 
lected. 

UN-FORM', v. t. To destroy ; to unmake ; to decompose oi 
resolve into parts. — Good. 

UN-FORM'AL, a. Not formal.— Blackwood. 

UN-FORMED', a. Not molded into regular shape.— Un- 
formed stars, in astronomy, stars not included in any nf the 
constellations. — Brandt. 

UN-FORMED', pp. Decomposed or resolved into parts. 



DC VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



UJNG 



1078 



UNU 



UN-FOR-SaK'.EN, a. Not forsaken ; not deserted ; not en- 
tirely neglected. 

(JN-FOR'TI-Fl-ED (-fide), a. 1. Not fortified ; not secured 
from attack by walls or mounds. 2. Not guarded ; not 
strengthened against temptations or trials ; weak ; ex- 
posed ; defenseless. 3. Wanting securities or means of 
defense. 

UN-FORTU-NATE, a. Not successful ; not prosperous. 

UN-FORT17-NATE-LY, adv. Without success ; unhappily. 

UN-FORTU-NATE-NESS, n. Ill luck ; ill fortune ; failure 
of success. — Sidney. 

UN-F0S'S1L-IZ£D, a. Not fossilized. 

UN-FOSTERED, a. 1. Not fostered ; not nourished. 2. 
Not countenanced by favor ; not patronized. 

UN-FOUGHT' (un-fawf), a. Not fought.— KnoUes. 

UN-FOUL£D', a. Not fouled ; not polluted ; not soiled ; 
not corrupted ; pure. — Young. 

UN-FOUND', a. Not found ; not met with.— Dry de n. 

UN-FOUND'ED, a. 1. Not founded ; not built or established. 
2. Having no foundation ; vain ; idle. 

UN-FOUND'ED-LY, adv. In an idle or unfounded manner. 

UN-FRa'GRANT, a. Not fragrant. 

f UN-FRaM'A-BLE, a. Not to be framed or molded. 

f UN-FRIM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being 
framable. — Sanderson. 

UN-FRIM.ED', a. 1. Not framed ; not fitted for erection. 
2. Not formed ; not constructed ; not fashioned. 

UN-FRA-TER'NAL, a. Not brotherly. 

UN-FRA-TER'NAL-LY, adv. In an unbrotherly manner. 

UN-FREE', a. Not free ; as, unfree peasants. — Tooke. 

UN-FRE'QUEN-C Y, n. The state of being unfrequent. 

UN-FRe'QUENT (-freTcwent), a. Not frequent ; not com- 
mon ; not happening often ; infrequent. — Brown. 

I UN-FRE-OUENT, v. t To cease to frequent. 

UN-FRE-Q.UENTED, a. Rarely visited ; seldom resorted 
to by human beings. — Addison. 

UN-FRe'QUENT-LY, adv. Not often ; seldom.— Brown. 

UN-FRl'A-BLE, a. Not easily crumbled.— Paley. 

UN-FRIEND' (un-frend'), n. One not a friend.— Scott. [Bad.] 

UN-FRIeND'ED (un-frend'ed), a. Wanting friends ; not 
countenanced or supported. — Shak. 

UN-FRIEND'LI-NESS, n. Want of kindness ; disfavor. 

UN-FRIeND'LY, a. 1. Not friendly ; not kind or benevo- 
lent 2. Not favorable ; not adapted to promote or sup- 
port any object. 

UN-FRIeND'SHIP (un-frend'ship), n, State of being un- 
friendly. — Scott 

UN-FROGK', v. t. To divest— Hurd. 

UN-FROGK.ED' (-frokf ) pp. Divested of a gown. 

CIN-FRoZ'.EN, a. Not frozen ; not congealed.— Boyle. 

UN-FRu'GAL, a. Not frugal ; not saving or economical 

UN-FRuITFUL, a. 1. Not producing fruit ; barren. 2. 
Not producing offspring ; not prolific ; barren. 3. Not pro- 
ducing good effects or works. 4. Unproductive ; not 
fertile. 

UN-FRuIT'FUL-LY, adv. Without producing fruit. 

UN-FRuITFUL-NESS, n. Barrenness ; sterility ; infecund- 
ity ; unproductiveness ; [applied to persons or things.'] 

UN-FRUSTRA-BLE, a. That can not be frustrated. 

UN-FUL-FILL.ED', a. Not fulfilled ; not accomplished. 

UN-FUM.ED', a. 1. Not fumigated. 2. Not exhaling smoke ; 
not burned. — Milton. 

UN-FUND'ED, a. Not funded ; having no permanent funds 
for the payment of its interest. 

UN-FURL', v. t. To loose and unfold ; to expand ; to open 
or spread ; as, to unfurl sails. 

UN-FURLED', pp. Unfolded; expanded. 

UN-FURL'ING, ppr. Unfolding; spreading. 

UN-FUR'NISH, v. t. 1. To strip of furniture; to divest; to 
strip. 2. To leave naked. 

UN-FURNISHED (-fur'nisht), a. 1. Not furnished ; not 
supplied with furniture. 2. Unsupplied with necessaries 
or ornaments. 3. Empty ; not supplied. 

UN-FuSED' (-fuzd'), a. Not fused ; not melted. 

UN-FuS'I-BLE, a. Infusible. 

UN-GaIN'A-BLE, a. That can not be gained.— Pierce. [Rare.] 

UN-GaIN'FUL, a. Unprofitable ; not producing gain. 

UN-GaIN'FUL-LY, adv. Unprofitably. 

UN-GaIN'LI-NESS, n Clumsiness ; awkwardness. 

UN-GIIN'LY, a. [Sax. ungcegne.] Not expert or dextrous ; 
clumsy , awkward ; uncouth. — Swift. 

UN-GAL'LANT or UN-GAL-LANT, a. Not gallant— Ed. Rev. 
See Gallant. 

UN-GAL-'LANT-LY or UN-GAL-LANTLY, adv. Not gal- 
lantly. 

UN-GALLED', a. Unhurt; not galled. — Shak. 

UN-GaR'LAND-ED, a. Not crowned with a garland. — Mrs. 
Butler. 

UN-GAP./NISHED (-gar'nisht), a. Not garnished or furnish- 
ed ; unadorned. 
JN-GAR'RI-SONED (-gar're-snd), a. Not garrisoned; not 

furnished with troops for defense. 
JN-GAR'TERED, a. Being without garters.— Shak. 



UN-GATH'ERED, a. Not gathered ; not cropped. 
UN-GeAR', v. t. To unharness ; to strip of gear. 
UN-GeARED', pp. Unharnessed. 
UN-GeAR'ING, ppr. Stripping of harness or gear. 
UN-gEN'ER-a-TED, a. Having no beginning ; unbegottet 
UN-gEN'ER-A-TiVE, a. Not capable of begetting a child 

as, " a motion (a puppet) that's ungenerativc." — Shak. 
UN-GEN'ER-OUS, a. 1. Not of a noble mind ; not liberal 

2. Not noble ; not liberal. 3. Dishonorable ; ignominious 
UN-GEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Unkindly ; dishonorably. 
UN-GE'NI-AL, a. Not favorable to nature or to natural 

growth. 
UN-GEN-TEEL', a. Not genteel; not consistent with polite 

manners or good breeding. 
UN-GEN-TEEL'LY, adv. Uncivilly ; not with good manners. 
UN-gEN'TLE, a. Not gentle ; harsh ; rude.— Shak. 
UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LlKE, a. Not like a gentleman. 
UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LI-NESS, n. The quality of being un- 

gentleman-like. — Quart. Rev. 
UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LY, a. Not becoming a gentleman. 
UN-GENTLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of gentleness ; harshness , 

severity ; rudeness. 2. Unkindness ; incivility. 
UN-GEN'TLY, adv. Harshly ; with severity ; rudely. 
UN-GE-0-MET'RI€-AL, a. Not agreeable to the rules of ge 

ometry. — Cheyne. 
UN-GIFTED, a. Not gifted; not endowed with peculiar 

faculties. — Arbuthnot. 

UN-GILT^' } a - Not S 11 ' ; npt overlaid w 11 * 1 & old - 

UN-GILDING, a. Not gilding. 

UN-GIRD' (-gurd'), v. t. To loose from a girdle or band ; to 
unbind. — Gen., xxiv. 

UN-GiRD'ED, pp. Loosed from a girth or band. 

UN-GIRD'ING, ppr. Loosing from a girdle or band. 

UN-GIRT, pp. 1. Unbound. 2. a. Loosely dressed. 

UN-GIVEN, a. Not given or bestowed. 

UN-GIVING, a. Not bringing gifts.— Dryden. 

UN-GLAD'DENED, a. Not gladdened. 

UN-GLaZE', v. t. To strip of glass ; to remove the glass 
from windows. 

UN-GLIZED', a. 1. Not furnished with glass. 2. Wanting 
glass windows. 3. Not covered with vitreous matter. 

UN-GL1Z'ING, ppr. Depriving of glass in windows. 

UN-GLo'RI-FlED (-fide), a. Not glorified ; not honored 
with praise or adoration. 

UN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. Not glorious ; bringing no glory. 

t UN-GLOVE' (-gluvO, v. t. To take off the gloves. 

UN-GLOVED', a. Without glove or gloves. — Bacon. 

UN-GLtJE', v. t. To separate any thing that is glued. 

UN-GLuED', pp. Loosed from glue or cement. 

UN-GLu'ING, ppr. Separating what is cemented. 

UN-GoAD'ED, a. Not goaded.— Coleridge. 

UN-GOD', v. t. To divest of divinity.— Dryden 

UN-GOD'LI-LY, adv. Impiously ; wickedly. 

UN-GOD'LI-NESS, n. Impiety ; wickedness ; disregard o 
God and his commands, and neglect of his worship ; oi 
any positive act of disobedience or irreverence. 

UN-GOD'LY, a. 1. Wicked; impious; neglecting the feai 
and worship of God, or violating his commands. — 1 Pet. 
iv. 2. Sinful ; contrary to the divine commands. 3. Pol 
luted by wickedness. 

UN-G5RED', a. 1. Not gored ; not wounded with a horn 
2. Not wounded. 

UN-GORgED', a. Not gorged ; not filled ; not sated. 

UN-GOT, I a. 1. Not gained. 2. Not begotten.— 

UN-GOTTEN, I Shak. 

UN-G6VERN-A-BLE (-guv'ern-a-bl), a. 1. That can not bo 
governed ; that can not be ruled or restrained. — Syn. Un- 
ruly ; refractory ; unbridled ; unrestrained ; licentious ; 
wild. 

UN-GO V'ERN-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be governed or re- 
strained. — Goldsmith. 

UN-GOVERNED (-guv'ernd), a. 1. Not being governed. 2. 
Not subjected to laws or principles ; not restrained or reg- 
ulated ; unbridled ; licentious. 

UN-GOWN', v. t. To strip of a gown, as a clergyman. 

UN-GOWNED', a. Not having or not wearing a gown. 

UN-GOWN'ING, ppr. Depriving of a gown. 

UN-GRICED' (-grast), a. Not graced.— Scott. 

UN-GRiCE'FUL, a. Not graceful ; not marked with ease 
and dignity ; wanting beauty and elegance. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL-LY, adv. Awkwardly ; inelegantly. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Want of gracefulness ; want ot 
ease and dignity ; want of elegance ; awkwardness. 

UN-GRa'CIOUS, a. 1 Wicked ; odious ; hateful. 2. Of- 
fensive ; unpleasing. 3. Unacceptable ; not well received ; 
not favored. 

UN-GRa'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With disfavor. 2. Not in a 
pleasing manner. 

UN-GRAM-MATIG-AL, a. Not according to the established 
and correct rules of grammar. 

UN-GRAM-MATIG-AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to 
the rules of grammar. 



See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, fed, short— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



QNH 



1079 



UNH 



UN-GRaNTED, a. 1. Not granted ; not bestowed ; not 
transferred by deed or gift. — Hamilton. 2. Not granted ; 
not yielded ; not conceded in argument. 

\ UN-GRaTE'. a. Not agreeable ; ungrateful. — Swift. 

UN-GRiTE FUL, a. 1. Not grateful ; not feeling thankful 
for favors. 2. Not making returns, or making ill returns 
for kindness. 3. Making no returns for culture. 4. Un- 
pleasing ; unacceptable. 

UNGRaTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With ingratitude.— Wake. 2. 
Unpleasingly ; unacceptably. 

UN-GRITE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Ingratitude ; want of due 
feelings of kindness for favors received ; ill return for 
good. 2. Disagreeableness ; unpleasing quality. 

UN-GRATI-Fl£D (-fide), a. 1. Not gratified ; not com- 
pensated. 2. Not pleased. 3. Not indulged. 

UN-GRaVE'LY, adv. Without gravity or seriousness. 

UN-GRE-Ga'RI-OUS, a. Not gregarious.— Good. 

UN-GRoAN'ING, a. Not groaning.— Byron. 

(JN-GROUND'ED, a. Having no foundation or support. 

UN-GROUND'ED-LY, adv. Without ground or support; 
without reason. — Ray. 

UN-GROUND'ED-NES'S, n. Want of foundation or sup- 
port. 

UN-GRUDG.ED' (-grujdO, a. Not grudged.— Dwigltt. 

UN-GRUDG'ING, a. Not grudging; freely giving. 

UN-GRUD61NG-LY, adv. Without ill-will ; heartily ; cheer- 
fully. 

UN"GUAL, a. [L. unguis.] A term applied to such bones 
of the feet as have attached to them a nail, claw, or hoof. 
— Humble. 

UN-GUaRD'ED, a. 1. Not guarded; not watched. 2. Not 
defended ; having no guard. 3. Careless ; negligent ; not 

■ attentive to danger ; not cautious. 4. Negligently said or 
done ; not done or spoken with caution. 

UN-GUIRD'ED-LY, adv. Without watchful attention to 
danger ; without caution ; carelessly. 

UN'GUENT (un'gwent), n. [L. unguentum.] Ointment ; a 
soft composition used as a topical remedy, as for sores, 
burns, and the like. 

UN'GUEN-TA-RY, a. Like unguent, or partaking of its 
qualities. 

UN-GUENT'OUS. a. Like unguent, or partaking of its qual- 
ities. 

UN-GUESS.ED' (-gesf), a. Not obtained by guess or con- 
jecture. 

UN-GUEST'-LlKE, a. Not becoming a guest.— Milton. 

UN"GUI€-AL, a. [L. unguis, a claw.] Pertaining to a claw ; 
like a claw. — Mantell. 

UN-GUICU-LAR (-gwik'yu-lar), a. [L. unguis.] In botany, 
of the length of the human nails, or half an inch. 

UN-GUIC'U-LATE, ? a. [L. unguis.] 1. Clawed ; having 

UN-GUIC'U-La-TED, j claws.— 2. In botany, clawed ; hav- 
ing a narrow base, as the petal in a polypetalous corol. 

UN-GUlD'ED, a. 1. Not guided ; not led or conducted. 2. 
Not regulated. 

UN-GUlD'ED-LY, adv. Without a guide. 

UN"GUI-FORM, a. Shaped like a claw. 

UN-GUlLT'I-LY (-gilfe-le), adv. Without guilt. 

UN-GUlLTY (un-gilt'e), a. Not guilty ; not stained with 
crime ; innocent. — Spenser. 

UN'GUIN-OUS (un'gwin-us), a. [L. unguhwsus.] Oily ; 
unctuous ; consisting of fat or oil, or resembling it. — 
Forster. 

UN"GU-LA, n. [L., a hoof.] In geometry a section or part 
of a cylinder, cone, or other solid of revolution, cut off by 
a plane oblique to the base. — Brande. 

UN"GU-LATE, a. Shaped like a hoof. 

UN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. [Fr. inhabitable ; L. inhabitabilis.] 
That can not be inhabited by human beings ; uninhabit- 
able. 

UN-KA-BITU-A-TED, a. Not habituated ; not accustomed. 

UN-HACK.ED' (-hakf), a. Not hacked; not cut, notched, 
or mangled. 

UN-HACK'NEY.ED, a. Not hackneyed ; not much used or 
practiced. 

UN-HALE', a. Unsound ; not entire ; not healthy. 

UN-HAL'LoW, v. t. To profane ; to desecrate. 

UN-HAL'LoWJSD, pp. 1. Profaned ; deprived of its sacred 
character. 2. a. Profane ; unholy ; impure ; wicked. 

UN-HAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Profaning ; desecrating. 

UN-HAND', v. t. To loose from the hand ; to let go. 

UN-HAND'ED, pp. Loosed from the hand ; let go. 

UN-HAND1-LY, adv. Awkwardly ; clumsily. 

UN-HAND'I-NESS, n. Want of dexterity ; clumsiness. 

UN-HAND'LjED, a. Not handled ; not treated; not touched. 

UN-HAND'S6ME (-han'sum), a. 1. Ungraceful ; not beau- 
tiful. 2. Unfair ; illiberal ; disingenuous. 3. Uncivil ; un- 
polite. 

UN-HAND'S6ME-LY, adv. 1. Inelegantly ; ungracefully. 2. 
Illiberally ; unfairly. 3. Uncivilly ; impolitely. 

UN-HAND'S6ME-NESS, n. 1. Want of beauty and ele- 
gance. 2. Unfairness ; disingenuousness. 3. Incivility. 
UN -HANDY, a. 1. Not dextrous ; not skillful ; not ready in 



the use of the hands. 2. Not convenient— Syn. Awk- 
ward ; clumsy ; uncouth ; untoward. 
UN-HANG', v.t. 1. To divest or strip of hangings, as a room. 

2. To take from the hinges. 
UN-HANG£D', ) a. Not hung upon a gallows ; not pun- 
UN-HUNG, 5 ished by hanging.— Shale. 
t UN-HAP', n. ill luck ; misfortune. — Sidney. 
t UN-HAP'PiiTD, a. Made unhappy.— Shak. 
UN-HAP'PI-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; miserably ; calami 

tously. 
UN-HAP'PI-NESS, n. 1. Misfortune ; ill luck. 2. Infelicity, 

misery. 3. Mischievous prank.— Shak. ; [obs.] 
UN-HAP'PY, a. 1. Unfortuate ; unlucky. 2. Not happy ; in 

a degree miserable or wretched. 3. Evil ; calamitous. — 

Syn. Distressed ; afflicted ; unfortunate ; calamitous ; mis- 
erable ; wretched. 
UN-HAR'ASS£D (-har'ast), a. Not harassed ; not vexed. 
UN-HIR'BOR, v. t. To drive from harbor or shelter. 
UN-HaR'BOR£D, a. Not sheltered, or affording no sheltei. 

— Milton. 
UN-HaR'BOR-ING, a. Not harboring.— Scott. 
UN-HaRD'.EN.ED, a. 1. Not hardened ; not indurated, as 

metal. 2. Not hardened ; not made obdurate. 
UN-HXRD'Y, a. 1. Not hardy ; feeble ; not able to endure 

fatigue. 2. Not having fortitude ; not bold ; timorous. 
UN-HaR,M£D', a. Unhurt ; uninjured ; unimpaired. 
UN-HaRM'FUL, a. Net doing harm ; harmless; innoxious. 
UN-HaR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Not having symmetry or con- 

gruity ; disproportionate. 2. Discordant ; unmusical ; jar 

ring. 
UN-HaR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With jarring ; discordantly. 
UN HaRTSTESS, v. t. 1. To strip of harness ; to loose from 

harness or gear. 2. To disarm ; to divest of armor. 
UN-HaR'NESSJD' (-har'nest), pp. Stripped of harness ; dl 

vested of armor. 
UN-HaR'NESS-ING, ppr. Stripping of harness or gear 
UN-HATCH£D' (-hatchf), a. 1. Not hatched; not having 

left the egg. 2. Not matured and brought to light ; not 

disclosed. 
UN-HAZ'ARD-ED, a. Not hazarded ; not put in danger , 

not exposed to loss ; not adventured. — Milton. 
UN-HAZARD-0US, a. Not hazardous.— Coleridge. 
UN-HeAD' (un-hed'), v. t. To take out the head of. 
UN-HeAD'ED (un-hed'ed), pp. Having the head taken out 
UN-HeAD'ING (un-hed'ing), ppr. Taking out the head of. 
UN-HeALTH'FUL (un-helth'ful), a. 1. Not healthful; in 

jurious to health ; insalubrious ; unwholesome ; noxious. 

2. Abounding with sickness or disease ; sickly. 
UN-HeALTH'FUL-LY, adv. In an unhealthful manner. 
UN-HeALTH'FUL-NESS (un-helth'ful-nes), n. 1. Unwhole- 

someness ; insalubriousness ; noxiousness to health. 2, 

The state of being sickly. 
UN-HeALTH1-LY (un-helth'e-le), adv. In an unwholesome 

or unsound manner. — Milton. 
UN-He ALTH'I-NESS (un-helth'e-nes), n. 1. Want of health ; 

habitual weakness or indisposition. 2. Unsoundness ; want 

of vigor. 3. Unfavorableness to health. 
UN-HEALTH'Y (un-helth'e), a. 1. Wanting health ; want- 

ing a sound and vigorous state of body ; habitually weak 

or indisposed. 2. Unsound ; wanting vigor of growth. 3. 

Sickly ; abounding with disease. 4. Insalubiious ; un- 
wholesome ; adapted to generate diseases. 5. Morbid ; 

not indicating health. 
UN-He ARD' (un-herd'), a. 1. Not heard; not perceived by 

the ear. 2. Not admitted to audience. 3. Not known 

in fame ; not celebrated. 4. Unheard of ; obscure ; not 

known by fame. — Unheard of, new ; unprecedented. — 

Swift. 
t UN-HEaRT', v. t. To discourage ; to depress ; to dis 

hearten. — Shak. 
UN-HE AT'ED, a. Not heated ; not made hot.— Boyle. 
UN-HeAV'.£N-LY, a. Not heavenly. 

UN-HED6£D', a. Not hedged ; not surrounded by a hedge 
UN-HEED'ED, a. Not heeded ; disregarded ; neglected. 
UN-HEED'ED-LY, adv. Without being noticed.— Byron. 
UN-HEED'FUL. a. Not cautious ; inattentive ; careless. 
UN-HEED'FUL-LY, adv. Not needfully. 
UN-HEED'ING, a. Not heeding ; careless ; ncgligent- 

Dryden. 
UN-HEED'ING-LY, adv. Without giving heed. 
UN-HEED'Y, a. Precipitate ; sudden. — ^Spenser. 
t UN-HeLE', v. t. To uncover. — Spenser. 
UN-HELM', v. t. To deprive of a helm or guide. — Scott. 
UN-HELM£D', pp. Deprived of a helm. 
UN-HELM£D', a. Having no helm.— Pollok. 
UN-HELM'ET, i'. t. To deprive of a helmet.— Scott. 
UN-HELM'ET-ED, pp. Deprived or destitute of a helmet. 
UN-HELM'ING, ppr. Depriving of a helm. 
UN-HELP'£D (-helpf), a. Unassisted; having no aid o. 

auxiliary ; unsupported. — Dryden. 
UN-HELP'FUL, a. Affording no aid.— Shak. 
UN-HELPTUL-LY, adv. In an unhelpful manner. 
UN-HE-RoTC, a. Not heroic ; not brave.— Pope. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, WCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



UNI 



1080 



UNI 



UN-HES'I-TA-TfNG, a. Not hesitating; not remaining in 
doubt; prompt; ready. — Eclec. Review. 

UN-HES'I-TI-TING-LY, adv. Without hesitation or doubt 

UN-HEWN' (un-hune'), a. Not hewn ; rough.— Dryden. 

t UN-HIDE'-BOUND, a. Not hide-bound ; capacious.— Mil- 
ton. 

UN-HIN'DER£D, a. Not hindered ; not opposed. 

UN-HINGE' (un-hinj'), v. t. 1. To take from the hinges. 2. 
To displace ; to unfix by violence. 3. To unfix ; to loosen ; 
to render unstable or wavering. 

UN-HING.ED', pp. Loosed from a hinge or fastening. 

UN-HINGE'MENT, n. The act of unhinging or state of being 
unhinged. — Chalmers. [ Unusual.] 

UN-HING'ING, ppr. Loosening from a hinge or fastening. 

UN-HlR£D', a. Not hired. 

UN-HIS-TOR'IC-AL, a. Not historical. Park. 

UN-HiVE', v. t. 1. To drive from a hive. 2. To deprive of 
habitation or shelter, as a crowd. 

UN-HIV.ED', pp. Driven from the hive or shelter. — Neal. 

UN-H5ARD', v. t. To steal from a hoard ; to scatter. 

UN-HoARD'ED,^?. Stolen from a hoard ; scattered. 

UN-HoARD'ING, ppr. Scattering. 

UN-Ho'LI-LY, adv. In an unholy manner. 

UN-Ho'LI-NESS, n. 1. Want of holiness ; an unsanctioned 
state of the heart. 2. Impiety ; wickedness ; profaneness. 

UN-Ho'LY, a. 1. Not holy ; not renewed and sanctified. — 
2 Tim., hi. 2. Profane ; not hallowed ; not consecrated ; 
common. — Heb., x. 3. Impious ; wicked. 4. Not ceremo- 
nially purified. — Lev., x. 

'. UN-HON'EST (un-on'est), a. Dishonest; dishonorable. 

UN-HON'OR.ED (un-on'urd), a. Not honored ; not regard- 
ed with veneration ; not celebrated. — Dryden. 

UN-HOOK', v. t. To loose from a hook. 

UN-HOOK.ED' (-hookf), pp. Loosed from a hook 

UN-HOOP', v. t. To strip of hoops.— Addison. 

UN-HQOPED' (-hoppf), pp. Stripped of hoops. 

UN-HoP\ED' (-hopf), a. Not hoped for ; not so probable as 
to excite hope. Dryden. — Un hoped for, unhoped, as above. 

UN-HoPE'FUL, a. Such as leaves no room to hope. — 
Boyle. 

UN-HoPE'FUL-LY, adv. In an unhopeful manner. 

UN-HORNED', a. Having no horns.— Tooke. 

UN-HORSE', v. t. To throw from a horse ; to cause to dis- 
mount. — Shak. 

UN-HORSJSD' (-horsf), pp. Thrown from a horse.— Dryden. 

UN-HORS'ING, ppr. Thrown from a horse ; dismounting. 

UN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. Not kind to strangers. 

UN-HOS'TiLE, a. Not belonging to a public enemy. 

UN-HOUSE', v. t. 1. To drive from the house or habita- 
tion ; to dislodge. 2. To deprive of shelter. 

UN-HOUS.ED', pp. 1. Driven from a house or habitation. 2. 
a. Wanting a house ; homeless. 3. Having no settled hab- 
itation. 4. Destitute of shelter or cover. 

UN-HOUS'ELSD, a. Not having received the sacrament. 
— Shak. 

UN-HOUS'ING. ppr. Driving from a habitation. 

UN-Hu'MAN,_(i. Inhuman. [Inhuman is the word used.] 

UN-Hu'MAN-lZE, v. t. To render inhuman or barbarous. 
— J. Barlow. 

UN-HUM'BL£D, a. 1. Not humbled ; not affected with 
shame or confusion ; not contrite in spirit. — 2. In theology, 
not having the will, and the natural enmity of the heart to 
God and his law, subdued. 

UN-HUNG', a. Not hanged. 

UN-HUNTED, a. Not hunted. 

UN-HURT, a. Not hurt; not harmed ; free from injury. 

UN-HURTFUL, a. Not hurtful ; harmless ; innoxious. 

UN-HURT'FUL-LY, adv. Without harm ; harmlessly. 

UN-HUS'BAND-ED, a. 1. Deprived of support ; neglected. 
2. Not managed with frugality. 

UN-HUSKJSD' (-huskf), a. Not being stripped of husks. 

U-NI-AX'AL, a. In mineralogy, having but one axis. 

U-NI-€AP'SU-LAR a. [L. unus and capsula.] Having one 
capsule to each flower. 

U'NI-€ORN, n. [L. unicornis.] 1. An animal with one horn 
the monoceros. This name is often applied to the rhino 
ceros. — 2. The unicorn, in heraldry, is the fabulous unicorn 
represented with the figure of a horse and a single horr. 
issuing from its forehead. — 3. The sea-unicorn is a fish oi 
the whale kind, called narwal, remarkable for a horn grow 
ing out at its nose. 4. A bird. — Grew. 

ITNI-CORN-ROOT, n. A popular name of two plants, cha 
mcelirium Carolinianum and aletris farinosa, both used in 
medicine. 

U-NI-€ORN'OUS, a. Having only one horn.— Brown. 

UN-I-De'AL, a. Not ideal; real. — Johnson. 

U-NI-FI'CIAL, a. Having only one face or front surface ; 
thus some corals are unifacial, the polyp-mouths being 
confined to one surface. — Dana. 

U-NI-FLo'ROUS, a. [L. unus and ftos.] Bearing one flower 
only ; as, a uniflorous peduncle. — Martyn. 

IFNI-FORM (yu'ne-form), a. [L. uniformis.] 1. Having al- 
ways the same form or manner ; not variable. 2. Con- 



sistent with itself; not different. 3. Of the same form 
with others ; consonant ; agreeing with each other ; con- 
forming to one rule or mode. 4. Having the same degree 
or state. — Syn. Equal ; even ; equable ; alike ; regular ; 
constant; undeviating. 

U'NI-FORM, n. A dress of the same kind, by which per» 
sons are purposely assimilated who belong to the same 
body, whether military, naval, or any other. 

U-NI-FORM-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. A term applied to theorists in 
geology, who believe that existing causes, acting in the 
same manner as at the present time, are sufficient to ac- 
count for all geological changes. — Dana. 

U-NI-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Resemblance to itself at all times , 
even tenor. 2. Consistency ; sameness. 3. Conformity 
to a pattern or rule ; resemblance, consonance, or agree- 
ment. 4. Similitude between the parts of a whole. 5. 
Continued or unvaried sameness or likeness. — Act of Uni- 
formity, in England, the act of Parliament by which the 
form of public prayers, administration of sacraments, and 
other rites, is prescribed to be observed in all the church- 
es.— 1 Eliz., and 13 and 14 Car. II. 

U'NI-FORM-LY, adv. 1. With even tenor ; without varia- 
tion. 2. Without diversity of one from another. 

U-NI-GEN'I-TURE, n. [L. unigenitus.] The state of being 
the only begotten. 

U-NlG'E-NOUS, a. [L. unigena.] Of one kind ; of the same 
genus. — Kirwan. 

U-NI-La'BI-ATE, a. In botany, having one lip only. 

U-NI-LATER-AL, a. [L. unus and latus.] 1. Being on one 
side only. 2. Having one side. 

U-NI-LITER-AL, a. [L. unus and litera, letter.] Consisting 
of one letter only. 

UN-IL-Lu'MI-Na-TED, a. 1. Not illuminated ; not enlight* 
ened ; dark. 2. Ignorant. 

UN-IL-LuM'IN^D, a. Not illumined. 

UN-IL-LUS'TRa-TED, a. Not illustrated ; not made plain. 

UN-IL-LUS'TRA-TiVE, a. Not illustrative. 

U-NI-LOCU-LAR (yu-ne-lok'yu-lar), a. [L. unus and locu- 
lus.] Having one cell or chamber only ; as, a unilocular 
pericarp or shell. 

UN-IM-AG'IN-A-BLE, a. Not to be imagined ; not to be con- 
ceived. — Tillotson. 

UN-IM-AG'IN-A-BLY, adv. To a degree not to be imagined. 

UN-IM-AG'IN-A-TiVE, a. Not imaginative.— Wordsworth, 

UN-IM-AG'IN.ED, a. Not imagined ; not conceived. 

UN-IM-BITTER.ED, a. Not imbittered ; not aggravated.— 
Roscoe._ 

UN-IM-Bu2?D', a. Not imbued ; not tinctured. 

UN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. That can not be imitated. 

UN-IM'I-Ta-TED, a. Not imitated.— Johnson. 

UN-IM-MORTAL, a. Not immortal ; perishable. 

UN-IM-PaIR'A-BLE, a. Not liable to waste or diminution. 

UN-IM-PIIR.ED', a. Not impaired; not diminished; not 
enfeebled by time or injury. 

UN-IM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Not impassionate. 

UN-IM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. A state of being unimpas- 
sionate. 

UN-IM-PAS'SIONJED (un-im-pash'und), a. 1. Not endowed 
with passions. — Thomson. 2. Free from passion; calm; 
not violent. 

UN-IM-PeACH'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be impeached, 
that can not be accused; free from stain, guilt, or fault 
2. That can not be called in question. 

UN-IM-PeACH'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be impeached. 

UN-IM-Pe ACHED' (im-peechf), a. 1. Not impeached ; not 
charged or accused ; fair. 2. Not called in question. 

UN-IM-Pe D'ED, a. Not impeded ; not hindered.— Rawle. 

UN-IM'PLI-€a-TED, a. Not implicated ; not involved. 

UN-IM-PLl£D' (-im-plide'), a. Not implied; not included 
by fair inference. — Madison. 

UN-IM-PL5RED', a. Not implored; not solicited. 

UN-IM-PORT'ANCE, n. Want of importance.— Dwight. 

UN-IM-PORT'ANT, a. 1. Not important ; not of great mo- 
ment. 2. Not assuming airs of dignity. — SYN.Insignifi- 
cant ; immaterial ; inconsiderable ; trifling ; trivial ; petty 

UN-IM-PORT'ANT-LY, adv. Without weight or importance. 

UN-IM-POR-TUN.ED', a. Not importuned ; not solicited. 

UN-IM-PoS'ING, a. 1. Not imposing ; not commanding re- 
spect. 2. Not enjoining as obligatory ; voluntary. 

UN-IM-PREG'Na-TED, a. Not impregnated. 

UN-IM-PRESS'l-BLE, a. Not impressible. 

UN-IM-PRESS'IVE, a. Not impressive ; not forcible ; no 
adapted to affect or awaken the passions.— Beddoes. 

UN-IM-PRESS'iVE-LY, adv. Unforcibly ; without impre/ 
sion. 

UN-IM-PRIS'ON£D, a. Not confined in prison. 

UN-IM-PRo'PRI-I-TED, a. Not impropriated or put icti 
the hands of a layman. 

UN-IM-PROV'A-BLE (-im-proov'a-bl), a. 1. Not capable ol 
improvement, melioration, or advancement to a better con- 
dition. 2. Incapable of being cultivated or tilled. 

UN-IM-PRoV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being not 
improvable. — Hammond. 



See Synopsis, a. E, I, &c, long.— a, E, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE. BOOK, 



UNI 



1081 



UNI 



JN-LM fMloV'A-BLY, adv. Without being improvable. 
UN-IM PROVED' (-im-proovd 7 ), a. 1. Not improved ; not 
made better or wiser ; not advanced in knowledge, man- 
ners, or excellence. 2. Not used for a valuable purpose. 
3. Not used ; not employed. — Hamilton. 4. Not tilled ; 
not cultivated ; as, unimproved land or soil. — Franklin. 5. 
Uncensured ; not disapproved ; [obs.] 
UN-IM-PR5VING, a. Not improving; not tending to ad- 
vance or instruct. — Johnson. 
UN-IM-PuT'A-BLE, a. Not imputable or chargeable to. 
6-NI-MUS'€U-LAR, a. Having one muscle only and one 
muscular impression, as some bivalve mollusks. — Kirby. 
UN-IN-CXR'NATE, a. Not incarnate. 

UN-IN-CENSED' (-sensf), a. Not incensed or angry. — Ash. 
UN-IN-ClT'ED, a. Not incited.— Wordsworth. 
UN-IN-GL5S.ED', a. Not inclosed. 
UN-1N-CORTO-RITED, a. Not incorporated. 
tUN-IN-€REAS'A-BLE, a. Admitting no increase. 
UN-IN-CReASED' (-kreesf), a, Not increased.— Ash. 
UN-IN-€UM'BER.ET>, a. 1. Not encumbered ; not burdened. 
2. Free from any temporary estate or interest, or from 
mortgage, or other charge or debt. 
UN-IN-DEBTED (-def-), a. 1. Not indebted. 2. Not bor- 
rowed. 
UN-IN-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Not indifferent ; not unbiased ; 

partial ; leaning to one party. — Hooker. 
UN-IN-DORS.ED' (-dorsf), a. Not indorsed ; not assigned. 
UN-IN-DuCED' (-in-dustO, a. Not induced. 
UN-IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. Not industrious ; not diligent in 

labor, study, or other pursuit. — Decay of Piety. 
UN-IN-DUS'TRI-OUS-LY, ado. Without industry. 
UN-IN-FE€T'ED, a. 1. Not infected ; not contaminated or 

affected by foul, infectious air. 2. Not corrupted. 
UN-IN-FEC'TIOUS (-shus), a. Not infectious ; not foul ; not 

capable of communicating disease. 
UN-IN-FESTED, a. Not infested. 

UN-IN-FLaMED', a. 1. Not inflamed ; not set on fire. — Ba- 
con. 2. Not highly provoked. 
UN-IN-FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Not inflammable ; not capable of 

being set on fire. — Boyle. 
UN-IN'FLU-ENCED (-in'flu-enst), a. 1. Not influenced; not 
persuaded or moved by others, or by foreign considera- 
tions ; not biased ; acting freely. 2. Not proceeding from 
influence, bias, or prejudice. 
UN-IN-FLU-EN'TIAL, a. Not having influence. 
UN-IN-FORM-ED', a. 1. Not informed ; not instructed ; un- 
taught. 2. Unanimated ; not enlivened. 
UN-IN-FORM'ING, a. Not furnishing information ; unin- 

structiye. — Mitford. 
UN-IN-GENIOUS, a. Not ingenious ; dull.— Burke. 
UN-IN-GeNTOUS-LY, adv. Without ingenuity. 
UN-IN-GENU-OUS, a. Not ingenuous ; not frank or candid ; 

disingenuous. — Decay of Piety. 
UN-IN-gENU-OUS-LY, adv. Not ingenuously. 
UN-IN-GEN'U-OUS-NESS, n. Want of ingenuousness. 
UN-IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. Not inhabitable ; that in which 

men can not live ; unfit to be the residence of men. 
UN-IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unin- 
habitable. 
UN-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Not inhabited by men ; having no in- 
habitants. — Swift. 
UN-IN-i"TIATE (-ish'ate), ? tj„, ^riot^ 
UN-IN-I"TIA-TED (-ish'ated), \ a - Not initiated. 
UN-IN'JUR.ED, a. Not injured; not hurt; suffering no harm. 
UN-IN-Ju'RI-OUS, a. Not injurious. 

UN-IN-QUiR/ING, a. Not inquiring or disposed to inquire. 
UN-IN-QUIS'I-TiVE, a. Not inquisitive ; not curious to 

search and inquire. — Warton. 
UN-IN-S€RlBE*D', a. Not inscribed ; having no inscription. 
UN-IN-SP1R.ED', a. .Not having received any supernatural 

instruction or illumination. — Locke. 
UN-IN-SPIRTT-ED, a. Not inspirited. 
UN-IN'STI-TU-TED, a. Not instituted.— Witherspoon. 
UN-IN-STRU€T'ED, a. 1. Not instructed or taught; not 
educated. 2. Not directed by superior authority ; not 
furnished with instructions. 
UN-IN-STRUCTTNG, a. Not instructing. 
UN-IN-STRUCTiVE, a. Not instructive ; not conferring 

improvement. — Addison. 
UN-IN-STRUCT1VE-LY, adv. Not instructively. 
UN-IN'SU-La-TED, a. Not insulated ; not being separated 

or detached from every thing else. — Ure. 
{JN-IN-SULTED, a. Not insulted. 
UN-IN-SuRED' (un-in-shurd'), a. Not insured ; not assured 

against loss. 
UN-1N-TEL-LECTU-AL, a. Not intellectual.— Good. 
(JN-IN-TEL-LECT'U-AL-LY, adv. Not intellectually. 
UN-IN-TEL'LLgENT, a. 1. Not having reason or conscious- 
ness ; not possessing understanding. 2. Not knowing ; not 
skillful ; dulL 
UN-IN-TEL'LI-GENT-LY, adv. Not intelligently. 
UN-IN-TELTI-Gl-BLE, a. Not intelligible ; that can not be 
understood.— Swift. 



UN-IN-TEI/LI-Gl-BLE-NESS, > n. The quality of being not 
UN-IN-TEL-LI-GI-BIL/I-TY, 5 intelligible.-Zfumef. 
UN-IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be under- 
stood. 
UN-IN-TEND'ED, a. Not intended ; not designed. 
UN-IN-TENTION-AL, a. Not intentional ; not " 

done or happening without design. — Boyle. 
UN-IN-TEN'TION-AL-LY, adv. Without design or purpose. 
UN-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. 1. Not interested ; not having any 
interest or property in ; having nothing at stake. 2. Noi 
having the mind or the passions engaged. 
UN-INTER-EST-ING, a. Not capable of exciting an inter- 
est, or of engaging the mind or passions. 
UN-INTER-EST-ING-LY, adv. So as not to excite interest 
UN-IN-TER-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. Defect or failure of 

intermission. 
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TED, a. Not intermitted ; not interrupted ; 

not suspended for a time ; continued. — Hale. 
UN-IN-TER-MITTED-LY, adv. Without being intermitted. 
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING, a. Not intermitting ; not ceasing for 

a time ; continuing. 
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING-LY, adv. Without cessation ; con- 

tinu ally. — Mitford. 
UN-IN-TER-MIX.ED' (-mikst), a. Not intermixed; not 

mingled. 
UN-IN'TER-PO-LI-TED, a. Not interpolated ; not inserted 
at a time subsequent to the original writing. See * Inter- 
polate. 
UN-IN-TERRED'. a. Not buried.— Pollok. 
UN-IN-TER-RUPTED, a. 1. Not interrupted ; not broken 
— Addison. 2. Not disturbed by intrusion or avocation. — 
Syn. Unceasing ; incessant ; unintermitted ; unbroken ; 
constant ; uniform. 
UN-IN TER-RUPTED-LY, adv. Without interruption ; with- 
out disturbance. 
UN-IN-TOX'I-Cl-TING, a. Not intoxicating. 
UN-IN-TRENCH.ED' (-in-trenchtO, a. Not intrenched ; not 

defended by intrenchments. — Pope. 
t UN-IN'TRI-€I-TED, a. Not perplexed ; not intricate. 
UN-IN-TRO-DuCED' (-in-tro-duste'), a. Not introduced ; not 

properly conducted; obtrusive. — Young. 
UN-IN-HRED, a. Not inured ; not hardened by use or prac- 
tice. — Phillips. 
UN-IN-VID'ED, a. Not invaded. 

UN-IN-VENT'ED, a. Not invented ; not found out.— Milton 
UN-IN-VENTiVE, a. Not inventive. 
UN-IN-VENT'f VE-LY, adv. Not inventivelv. 
UN-IN-VESTED, a. 1. Not invested ; not clothed. 2. Not 
converted into some species of property less fleeting than 
money. 
UN-IN- VESTI-GA-BLE, a. That can not be investigated or 

searched out. — Ray. 
UN-IN- VES'TI-Ga-TED, a. Not investigated. 
UN-IN-VESTI-GI-TIVE, a. Not adapted or given to inves- 
tigation. 
UN-IN-VID1-OUS, a. Not invidious. 

UN-IN-VlTED, a. Not invited; not requested ; not solicited. 
UN-IN-VlTING, a. Not inviting.— Stewart. 
UN-1N-V5K.ED' (-in-vokf), a. Not invoked. 
U'NI-O, n. [L.] A genus of fresh-water bivalves, commoruy 

called fresh-water clams. — Dana. 
UNION (yun'yun), n. [Fr. union ; It unione ; L. unio.] 1. 
The act of joining two or more things into one, and thus 
forming a compound body or a mixture ; or the junction 
or coalition of things thus united. Union differs from con- 
nection, as it implies the bodies to be in contact, without 
an intervening body ; whereas things may be connected by 
the intervention of a third body, as by a cord or chain. 2. 
Concord ; agreement and conjunction of mind, will, affec- 
tions, or interest. 3. The conjunction or united existence 
of spirit and matter. — 4. Among painters, a symmetry and 
agreement between the several parts of a painting. — 5. In 
architecture, harmony between the colors in the material* 
of a building. Cyc. — 6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the com 
bining or consolidating of two or more churches into one. 
7. States united. Thus, the United States are sometimes 
called the Union. — Hamilton. 8. That part of the flag of 
the United States, at the upper left-hand corner, which 
contains the stars representing the respective states united 
on a blue ground. — Totten. In the British flag, the union 
consists of the crosses of St George, St. Andrew, and St 
Patrick united as above. — Union doivnward, a signal of dis- 
tress at sea. made by displaying the flag upside down. 9. 
[L. unio.] A pearl : [obs.] — Syn. Junction ; connection ; 
concord ; alliance ; coalition ; combination ; confederacy. 
U-NIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. unus and pario.] Producing one at 

a birth. — Brown. 
U-NiQUE' (jm-neekO, a. [Fr.] Sole; without an equal: 

without another of the same kind known to exist. 
U-NiQUE'LY (yu-neekle), adv. In a unique manner. 
U-NI-Ra'DI-_a-TED, a. Having one ray.— Encyc. 
UN-IRHI-Ta-TED, a. 1. Not irritated; not fretted. 2. Not 
provoked or angered. 



DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



UNI 



1082 



UNK 



OTi-lRRI-TX-TING, a. 1. Not irritating or fretting. 2. Not 
provoking. 3. Not exciting. 

(JN-IR'RI-Ta-TING-LY, adv. So as not to irritate. 

PNI-Se'RI-ATE, a. Having a single line or series. 

U-NI-Se'RI-ATE-LY, adv. In a single line or series. 

U-NI-SEX'U-AL, a. In botany, having one sex only. 

IPNI-S6N, n. [h.unus and sonus.] 1. In music, an accord- 
ance or coincidence of sounds ; consonance of sounds 
equal in respect to acuteness or gravity. 2. A single, un- 
varied note. Pope. — In unison, in agreement ; in harmo- 
ny. — Syn. Accordance; agreement; harmony. 

U'NI-SON, a. Sounding alone. 

U-NIS'O-NANCE, n. Accordance of sounds. — Cyc. 

U-NIS'O-NANT, a. Being in unison; having the same de- 
gree of gravity or acuteness. 

U-NIS'O-NOUS, a. Being in unison.— Busby. 

IPNIT (yu'nit), n. [L. unus, unitas.] 1. One ; a word which 
denotes a single thing or person; the least whole number. 
— 2. In mathematics, any known determinate quantity, by 
the constant repetition of which any other quantity of the 
same kind is measured. — Olmsted. 

U'NIT-JaR, n. A small, insulated Leyden jar, placed be- 
tween the electrical machine and a larger jar or battery, so 
as to announce, by its repeated discharges, the number of 
them which have passed into the larger jar. — Brande. 

U-NI-Tiv'RI-AN, n. [L. unitus, unus.] One who denies the 
doctrine of the Trinity, and ascribes divinity to God the 
Father only. 

U-NI-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Unitarians. 

U-NI-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Unitarians, who 
ascribe divinity to God the Father only. 

€J-NlTE', v. t. [L. unio, unitus ; Fr., Sp. unir ; It. unire.] 1. 
To put together or join two or more things, which make 
one compound or mixture. 2. To join ; to connect in a 
near relation or alliance. 3. To make to agree or be uni- 
form. 4. To cause to adhere. 5. To join in interest or 
fellowship. — Gen., xlix. 6. To tie ; to splice ; as, to unite 
two cords or ropes. 7. To join in affection ; to make near. 

U-NlT E', v. i. 1. To join in an act ; to concur ; to act in con- 
cert. 2. To coalesce ; to be cemented or consolidated ; to 
combine. 3. To grow together, as the parts of a wound. 
4. To coalesce, as sounds. 5. To be mixed. 

U-NlT'ED, pp. or a. Joined ; made to agree ; cemented ; 
mixed; attached by growth. — United Brethren, a religious 
community commonly called Moravians. 

€T-NlT'ER, n. The person or thing that unites. 

U-NlT'ING, ppr. Joining; causing to agree ; consolidating; 
coalescing ; growing together. 

t t7-NI"TION (yu-nish'un), n. Junction ; act of uniting. 

♦ U'NI-TlVE. a. Having the power of uniting. — Norris. 

U'NI-TY, n. [L. unitas.] 1. The state of being one ; oneness. 
2. Concord; conjunction. 3. Agreement; uniformity. — 
4. In Christian theology, oneness of sentiment, affection, 
or behavior. — 5. In mathematics, the abstract expression 
for any unit whatsoever. — 6. In poetry, the principle by 
which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of repre- 
sentation is preserved. — In the Greek drama, the three uni- 
ties required were those of action, of time, and of place ; in 
other words, that there should be but one main plot ; that 
the time supposed should not exceed twenty -four hours ; 
and that the place of the action before the spectators 
should be one and the same throughout the piece.— 7. 
In music, such a combination of parts as to constitute a 
whole, or a land of symmetry of style and character. — 8. 
In law, the properties of a joint estate are derived from its 
unity, which is four-fold : unity of interest, unity of title, 
unity of time, and unity of possession. — 9. In law, unity of 
possession is a joint possession of two rights by several 
titles. 

0"NI- VALVE, a. [L. unus, one, and valvce.] Having one 
valve only, as a shell or pericarp. 

U'NI-VALVE, n. A shell having one valve only; a mollusk 
whose shell is composed of a single piece. 

U-NI-VAL V'U-LAR, a. Having one valve only.— Cyc. 

U-NI-VERS'AL, a. [L. universalis.] 1. All; extending to or 
comprehending the whole number, quantity, or space. 2. 
Total; whole. 3. Comprising all the particulars. — 4. In 
botany, a universal umbel is a primary or general umbel ; 
the first or largest set of rays in a compound umbel; op- 
posed to partial. — Universal joint, a contrivance for giving 
motion obliquely to certain instruments, as the telescope. 
It usually consists of two arms, terminating in semicircles, 
which are connected by pins or shafts at right angles to 
each other. Olmsted. — Universal proposition, one in which 
the subject is taken in its widest extent, and the predicate 
applies to every thing which the subject can denote. — 
Whately. 

€J-NI-VERS'AL, n. 1. In logic, a universal is complex or in- 
complex. A complex universal is either a universal propo- 
sition, as " every whole is greater than its parts," or what- 
ever raises a manifold conception in the mind, as the def- 
inition of a reasonable animal. An incomplex universal is 
what produces one conception only in the mind, and is a 



simple thing respecting many, as human nature* which 

relates to every individual in which it is found. 2. The 

whole ; the general system of the universe ; [obs.] 
U-NI-VERS'AL-ISM, n. In theology, the doctrine that all 

men will be saved or made happy in a future life. 
U-NI-VERS'AL-IST, n. 1. One who holds the doctrine that 

all men will be saved. 2. One who affects to understand 

all particulars. — Bentley ; [obs.] 
U-NI-VER-SAL'I-TY, n. The state of extending to the whole. 
U-NI-VERS'AL-lZE, a. t. To make universal.— Coleridge. 
U-NI-VERS'AL-lZJSD, pp. Rendered universal.— More. 
U-NI-VERSAL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering universal— Howe. 
U-NI-VERSAL-LY, adv. With extension to the whole ; in 

a manner to comprehend all ; without exception. 
U-NI-VERS'AL-NESS, n. Universality. 
U'NI- VERSE, n. [Fr. univers ; L. universitas.] The collect 

ive name of heaven and earth, and all that belongs to them , 

the whole system of created things. 
U-NI-VERS'I-TY, n. An assemblage of colleges established 

in any place, with professors for instructing students in 

the sciences and other branches of learning, and where 

degrees are conferred. A university is, properly, a uni 

versal school, in which are taught all branches of learning, 

or the four faculties of theology, medicine, law, and the 

sciences and arts. 
U-NIV'O-CAL, a. [L. unus and vox.] 1. Having one mean 

ing only. 2. Having unison of sounds, as the octave in 

music and its replicates. 3. Certain ; regular ; pursuing 

always one tenor ; [little used.] 
U-NIV'O-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In one term ; in one sense. — Hah 

2. In one tenor. — Ray ; [little used.] 
U-NIV-O-Ca'TION, n. Agreement of name and meaning. 
UN-JaR'RING, a. Not discordant. 
UN-JeAL'OUS (-jel'us), a. Not suspiciously fearful having 

no unreasonable mistrust. — Clarendon. 
UN-JOIN.ED', a. Not joined.— Hooker. 
UN-JOINT', v. t. To disjoint.— Fuller. 
UN-JOINT'ED, a. 1. Disjointed ; separated. — Milton. i\ 

Having no joint or articulation. — Botany. 
UN-JOY'OUS, a. Not joyous ; not gay or cheerful. 
UN-JOYOUS-LY, adv. Uncheerfully ; not joyously. 
UN-JUD6 ED' (-jujd'), a. Not judged ; not judicially deterni 

ined. — Prior. 
UN-JUST', a. 1. Not just ; acting contrary to the standard 

of right established by the divine law ; not equitable. 2. 

Contrary to justice and right ; wrongful. 
UN-JUST'I-FI-A-BLE, a. Nob justifiable ; that can not b* 

proved to be right ; not to be vindicated ot defended. 
UN-JUSTI-FI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being 

justifiable. — Clarendon. 
UN-JUST'I-FI-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that can not be 

justified or vindicated. 
UN-JUSTI-FlED (-fide), a. 1. Not justified or vindicated 

2. Not pardoned. 
UN-JUSTLY, adv. In an unjust manner ; wrongfully. 

I Tji\TTr»fTj ' ( for uncouth ; odd ; strange. 

UN-KEMMJED', ? a. Uncombed; unpolished. — Spenser. [Ob 

UN-KEMPT, 3 solete, except in poetry.] 

UN-KEN'NEL, v. t. 1. To drive from his hole. 2. To rousr 

from secrecy or retreat. 3. To release from a kennel. 
UN-KEN'NELjED, pp. Driven or let loose from confinement 

as a fox or dog. 
t UN-KENT, a. [un and ken, to know.] Unknown. — Spenser 
UN-KEPT', a. 1. Not kept ; not retained ; not preserved 

2. Not observed ; not obeyed, as a command. 
UN-KER'CHIEF£D (-ker'chift), a. Not having on a ker> 

chief. 
UN-KERN'ELSD, a. Destitute of a kernel.— Pollok. 
UN-KiND', a. 1. Not kind ; not benevolent ; not favorable 

not obliging. 2. Unnatural. 
UN-KlND'LI-NESS, n. Vnfavovableness.—Hakewill. 
UN-KlND'LY, a. 1. Unnatural ; contrary to nature. — Spen 

ser. 2. Unfavorable ; malignant.— Milton. 
UN-KlND'LY, adv. 1. Without kindness ; without affection. 

2. In a manner contrary to nature ; unnaturally. 
UN-KIND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; want of natural 

affection ; want of good- will. 2. Disobliging treatment ; 

disfavor. 
UN-KING', v. t. To deprive of royalty.— Shak. 
UN-KING'LiKE, \a. Unbecoming a king; not noble 
UN-KING'LY, 5 Shak. 
UN-KISSjED' (-kisf), a. Not kissed.— Sliak. 
UNK'LE, ii. See Uncle. 

UN-KNELLED' (-neld'), a. Untolled.— Byron. 
UN-KNIGHT'LY (-nitele), a. Unbecoming a knight. 
UN-KNIT, v. t. 1. To separate threads that are knit ; to 

open ; to loose work that is knit or knotted. 2. To open. 
UN-KNOT' (-not), v. t. To free from knots ; to untie. 
UN-KNOT'TED, pp. Freed from knots ; untied, 
f UN-KNoW (un-no 7 ), v. t. To cease to know. 
UN-KNoW'A-BLE, a. That can not be known.— Watts. 
UN-KNoW'ING, a. Not knowing; ignorant: with of. 



■ See Synopsis. A E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



UNL 



1083 



UNM 



UN-KNoWTNG-LY, adv. Ignorantly; without knowledge 
or design. — Addison. 

UN-KNoWN', a. 1. Not known. 2. Greater than is imag- 
ined. 3. Not having had cohabitation. 4. Not having 
communication. 

UN-Li'BORED, a. 1. Not produced by labor. 2. Not cul- 
tivated by labor ; not tilled. 3. Spontaneous ; voluntary ; 
that offers without effort ; natural. 4. Easy ; natural ; not 
stiff. 

UN-LA-Bo'PJ-OUS, a. Not laborious ; not difficult to be done. 

UN-LA-B5'RI-OU3-LY, adv. Without labor. 

UN-LaCE', v. t. 1. To loose from lacing or fastening by a 
cord or strings passed tbrough loops and holes. 2. To 
loose a woman's dress. 3. To divest of ornaments. — 4. In 
sea language, to loose and take off a bonnet from a sail or 
to cast off any lacing in any part of the rigging of a vessel. 
— Totten. 

UN-LaCED' (-laste'), pp. Loosed from lacing; unfastened. 

UN-LaC'ING, ppr. Loosing from lacing or fastening. 

UN-LACK'EyED, a. Unattended by a lackey. 

UN-LaDE', v. t. 1. To unload ; to take out the cargo of. 2. 
To unload ; to remove, as a load or burden. — Acts, xxi. 

UN-LID'EN, pp. of lade. Unloaded. 

UN-LaDTNG, ppr. Removing the cargo from a ship. 

UN-La'DY-LiKE, a. Not lady-like. 

UN-LaID', a. 1. Not placed; not fixed. 2. Not allayed; not 
pacified ; not suppressed. 3. Not laid out, as a corpse. 

UN-LA-MENT'ED, a. Not lamented ; not deplored. 

UN-L INCHED' (-lanchtO, a. Not lanched. 

UN-LAP', v. t. To unfold. 

UN-LAPPED' (-lapf), PP. Unfolded. 

UN-LAPPING, ppr. Unfolding. 

UN-LaRD'ED, a. Not intermixed or inserted for improve- 
ment. — Chesterfield. 

UN-LATCH', v. i. To open or loose by lifting the latch. 

UN-LATCH'ING, ppr. Opening or loosing by lifting the latch. 

UN-LAUNCHED' (-lanchf), a. Not launched. 

UN-LAU'RELED, a. Not crowned with laurel; not honored. 

UN-LAVISH, a. Not lavish ; not profuse ; not wasteful. 

UN-LAVISHED (-lav'isht), a. Not lavished; not spent 
wastefully. 

UN-LAW, v. t. To deprive of the authority of law. — Milton. 

UN-LAWFUL, a. Not lawful ; contrary to law ; illegal ; not 
permitted by law. Dry den. — Unlawful assembly, in law, the 
meeting of three or more persons with intent mutually to 
assist each other in the execution of some enterprise of a 
private nature with force and violence. — Bouvier. 

UN-LA WFUL-LY, adv. 1. In violation of law or right ; ille- 
gally. 2. Illegitimately ; not in wedlock. — Addison. 

UN-LA WFUL-NESS, n. 1. Illegality; contrariety to law.— 
South. 2. Illegitimacy. 

UN-LA W'-LlKE, a. Not law-like. 

UN-LeACHED' (-leechf), a. Not leached; as, unleached 
ashes. 

UN-LeARN' (un-lern'), v. t. To forget or lose what has 
been learned. 

UN-LEARNED' {pp. pron. un-lernd' and a. un-lern'ed), pp. 
1. Forgotten. 2. a. Not learned ; ignorant ; illiterate ; un- 
lettered ; not instructed. 3. Not gained by study ; not 
known. 4. Not suitable to a learned man. • 

UN-LeARN'ED-LY, adv. Ignorantly.— Brown. 

UN-LeARN'ED-NESS, n. Want of learning; iffiterateness. 

UN-LeARN'ING, ppr. Forgetting what one has learned. 

UN-LeAVENED (un-lev'nd), a. Not leavened ; not raised 
by leaven, barm, or yeast. — Ex., xii. 

UN-LECTURED, a. Not taught by lecture.— Young. 

UN-LED', a. Not led or conducted. 

f UN-LEIS'UR ED (-leezh'- or -lezh'-), a. Not having leisure. 

UN-LENT, a. Not lent. 

UN-LESS', conj. [Sax. onlesan, to loose or release.] Except; 
that is, remove or dismiss the fact or thing stated in the 
sentence or clause which follows. 

UN-LESS'£NED, a. Not diminished. 

UN-LES'SONED, a. Not taught ; not instructed. 

UN-LET'TERED, a. Unlearned ; untaught ; ignorant. 

UN-LET'TERED-NESS, n. Want of learning.— Waterhouse, 

UN-LEVEL ED, a. Not leveled ; not laid even.—Tickel. 

UN-LI-BDD'IN-OUS, a. Not libidinous ; not lustful. 

UN-Ll'CENSED (-h'senst), a. Not licensed; not having per 
mission by authority. — L. Beecher. 

UN-LICKED' (un-likf), a. Shapeless ; not formed to smooth 
ness. 

UN-LTGHT'ED (-hf ed), a. 1. Not lighted ; not illuminated 
— Prior. 2. Not kindled or set on fire. 

UN-LlGHT'SoME (-lite'sum), a. Dark ; wanting fight. 

UN-LlKE', a. 1. Dissimilar ; having no resemblance. 2. Im 
probable ; unlikely. — Bacon. 

UN-LlKE'LY, a. 1. Improbable ; such as can not be reason- 
ably expected. 2. Not promising success. 
UN-LlKE'LY, adv. Improbably.— Addison. 
UNLIKE'NESS, n. Want of resemblance ; dissimilitude. 



UN-LIMTBER, a. Not limber ; not flexible ; not yielding. 

UN-LIM'BER, v. t. In military language, to take off the lim- 
bers ; as, to unlimber the guns. 

UN-LIM'BERED, pp. Freed from the limbers. 

UN-LIM'BER-ING, ppr. Taking off the limbers. 

UN-LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. Admitting no limits ; boundless. 

UN-LIM1T-ED, a. 1. Not limited; having no bounds, 
boundless. — Boyle. 2. Undefined ; indefinite ; not bound- 
ed by proper exceptions. 3. Unconfined ; not restrained. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED-LY, adv. Without bounds.— Decay of Piety. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, n. The state of being boundless, or 
of being undefined. — Johnson. 

UN-LIN'E-AL, a. Not in a line ; not coming in the order of 
succession. — Shak. 

UN-LINK', v. t. To separate links ; to loose ; to unfasten , 
to untwist. — Shak. 

UN-LIOTI-Da-TED (-lik'we-da-ted), a. 1. Not liquidated ; 
not settled ; not having the exact amount ascertained. 2. 
Unpaid; unadjusted. 

UN-LIQ'UI-FlED, a. Unmelted ; not dissolved.— Addison. 

UN-LIQ'UORED (-lik'urd), a. Not moistened ; not smeared 
with liquor ; not filled with liquor.— Milton. 

UN-LIS'TEN-ING (-lis'n-ing), a. Not listening ; not hearing ; 
notjresarding. — Thomson. 

UN-LIVE'LI-NESS, n. Want of life ; dullness.— Milton. 

UN-LlVE'LY, a. Not lively ; dull. 

UN-LoAD', v. t. 1. To take the load from ; to discharge ol 
a load or cargo. 2. To disburden. 3. To disburden ; to 
relieve from any thing onerous or troublesome. 

UN-LoAD'ED, pp. Freed from a load or cargo ; disburdened. 

UN-LoAD'ING, ppr. Freeing from a load or cargo ; disbur- 
dening^ relieving of a burden. 

UN-Lo'€a-TED, a. 1. Not placed ; not fixed in a place.— 
2. In America, unlocated lands are such new or wild lands 
as have not been surveyed, appropriated, or designated by 
marks, limits, or boundaries, to some individual, company, 
or corporation. 

UN-LOCK', v. t. 1. To unfasten what is locked. 2. To open, 
hi general ; to lay open. — Pope. 

UN-LOCKED' (-lokf), pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not locked ; not 
made fast. 

UN-LOOKED' for. Not expected ; not foreseen. — Bacon. 

UN-LOOSE' (mi-loos'), v. t. To loose.— Shak.— John, i., 27. 
[This word is unnecessary, the idea being expressed by 
loose.] 

UN-LOOSE' (mi-loos'), v. i. To fall in pieces ; to lose all con- 
nection or union. — Collier. [See above.] 

t UN-LoS'A-BLE, a. That can not be lost.— Boyle. 

UN-L6VED' (-luvdO, a. Not loved.— Sidney. 

UN-L6 VE'LI-NESS, n. Want of loveliness ; unamiableness ; 
want of the qualities which attract love. 

UN-L6VE'LY (-luvle), a. Not lovely ; not amiable ; desti- 
tute of the qualities which attract love, or possessing qual 
hies that excite dislike. 

UN-L6 V'ING, a. Not loving ; not fond.— Shak. 

UN-L6VING-LY, adv. In an unloving manner. 

UN-Lu'BRI-CX-TED, a. Not lubricated. 

UN-LUCK'I-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; by hi fortune. 

UN-LUCK'I-NESS, n. 1. Unfortunateness ; ill fortune. 2 
Mischievousness. — Addison. 

UN-LUCKY, a. 1. Unfortunate ; not successful. 2. Unfor- 
tunate ; not resulting in success. 3. Unhappy ; miserable ; 
subject to frequent misfortunes. 4. Slightly mischievous ; 
mischievously waggish. 5. ni-omened ; inauspicious 

UN-LUS'TROUS, a. Wanting luster ; not shining. 

UN-LUS'TROUS-LY, adv. With want of luster. 

UN-LUSTY, a. Not lusty ; not stout ; weak. 

UN-LuTE', v. t. To separate things cemented or luted ; to 
take the lute or clay from. 

UN-LuT'ED, pp. Separated, as luted vessels. 

UN-LuT'ING, ppr. Separating, as luted vessels. 

UN-LUX-U'RI-OUS, a. Not luxurious. 

UN-MAD'DENED, a. Not maddened. 

UN-MaDE', pp. 1. Deprived of its form or qualities. 2. • 
Not made ; not yet formed. 3. Omitted to be made. 

UN-MAG-NETIC, a. Not having magnetic properties 

UN-MIID'EN-LY, a. Not becoming a maiden.— Hall. 

UN-MaIMED', a. Not maimed ; not disabled in any lhn > 
sound ; entire. — Pope. 

UN-MAIN-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That can not be maintained or 
supported. — Story. 

UN-MaK'A-BLE, a. Not possible to be made. — Grew. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

UN-MaKE', v. t. L To destroy the form and qualities which 
constitute a thing what it is. 2. To deprive of qualities 
before possessed. 

UN-MIKING, ppr. Destroying the peculiar properties of a 
thing. 

UN-MA-Ll"ClOUS (-ma-lish'us), a. Not malicious. 

UN-MAL-LE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
unmalleable. 

UN-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable ; not capable of being 
hammered into a plate, or of being extended by beating. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



UNM 



1084 



UlNM 



UN-MAN', v. t. 1. To deprive of the constitutional qualities 
of a human being, as reason, &c. 2. To deprive of men. 
3. To emasculate ; to deprive of virility. 4. To deprive 
of the courage and fortitude of a man ; to break or re- 
duce into irresolution ; to dishearten ; to deject. 5. To 
dispeople. 

UN-MAN'AgE-A-BLE, a. 1. Not manageable ; not easily re- 
strained, governed, or directed ; not controllable. 2. Not 
easily wielded. 

UN-MAN' AGE-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be manageable. 

UN-MAN' AG ED, a. 1. Not broken by horsemanship. 2. Not 
tutored ; not educated. — Felton. 

UN-MAN'LlKE, ) a. 1. Not becoming a human being. 2. 

UN-MAN'LY, 5 Unsuitable to a man; effeminate. 3. 
Not worthy of a noble mind ; ignoble ; base ; ungener- 
ous ; cowardly. 

UN-MAN'LI-NESS, n. State of being unmanly. 

UN-MANNED', pp. Deprived of the qualities of a man. 

UN-MAN'NERED, a. Uncivil ; rude.— Ben Jonson. 

UN-MAN'NER-LI-NESS, n. Want of good manners ; breach 
of civility ; rudeness of behavior. — Locke. 

UN-MAN'NER-L Y, a. 1. Ill-bred ; not having good manners ; 
rude in behavior. 2. Not according to good manners. 

UN-MAN'NER-LY, adv. Uncivilly.— Shah. 

UN-MAN'NING, ppr. Depriving of the powers or qualities 
of a man. 

UN-MANTLED, a. Not covered or furnished with a mantle. 

UN-MAN-U-FACTURED, a. Not manufactured; not wrought 
into theproper form for use. 

UN-MA-NuRED', a. 1. Not manured ; not enriched by ma- 
nure. 2. Uncultivated. — Spenser. 

UN-Ma.RK.ED' (-markf), a. 1. Not marked ; having no mark. 
2. Unobserved ; not regarded ; undistinguished. — Pope. 

UN-MaRRED', a. Not marred ; not injured ; not spoiled ; 
not obstructed. 

UN-MAR'RI-A-BLE, a. Not marriageable.— Milton. [Rare.] 

UN-MAR'RIAGE-A-BLE (-rij-a-bl), a. Not fit to be married. 

UN-MAR'RIAGE-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or condition of 
not being fit to be married. 

UN-MAR'RLED (-mar'rid), a. Not married ; having no hus- 
band or no wife. — Bacon. 

UN-MAR'RY, v. t. To divorce.— Milton. 

UN-MaR'SHALED, a. Not disposed or arranged in due order. 

UN-MAS'-GU-LaTE, v. t. To emasculate.— Fuller. 

UN-MAS'-GU-LINE, a. Not masculine or manly ; feeble ; 
effeminate. — Milton. 

UN-MAS'€U-LINE-LY, adv. In an unmasculine manner. 

UN-MaSK', v. t. To strip of a mask or of any disguise ; to 
lay open what is concealed. — Roscommon. 

UN-MaSK', v. i. To put off a mask. 

UN-MASKED' (-masktf), pp. 1. Stripped of a mask or dis- 
guise. 2. a. Open ; exposed to view. — Dryden. 

UN-MaSK'ING, ppr. Stripping off a mask or disguise. 

f UN-MaS'TER-A-BLE, a. That can not be mastered. 

UN-MaS'TERED, a. 1. Not subdued ; not conquered. 2. 
Not conquerable. — Dryden. 

UN-MAS'TI-CA-BLE, a. Not capable of being chewed.— 
Journ. Science. 

UN-MATCH'A-BLE, a. That can not be matched ; that can 
not be equaled ; unparalleled. — Hooker. 

UN-MATCHED' (-matchf), a. Matchless ; having no match 
or equal. 

UN-MeAN'ING, a. 1. Having no meaning or signification. 
2. Not expressive ; not indicating intelligence. 

UN-MeANTNG-LY, adv. Without significance. 

UN-MEAN'ING-NESS, n. Want of meaning.— Dr. Campbell. 

UN-MSANT (un-menf), a. Not meant ; not intended. 

UN-MeAS'UR-A-BLE (un-mezh'ur-a-bl), a. That can not be 
measured ; unbounded ; boundless.— Swift. 

UN-Me AS'UR-A-BLY, adv. Beyond all measure.— Howell. 

UN-MeAS'URED, a. 1. Not measured; plentiful beyond 
measure.— Minora. 2. Immense ; infinite. — Blackmore. 

UN-ME-€HAN'I€-AL, a. Not mechanical ; not according to 
the laws or principles of mechanics. 

UN-ME-CHAN'IC-AL-LY, ado. Not according to the laws of 
mechanics. 

UN-ME€H'AN-lZED, a. Not formed by design, art, or skill. 
— Paley. 

UN-MED'DLED with. Not meddled with ; not touched. 

UN-MED'DLING, a. Not meddling; not interfering with 
the concerns of others ; not officious. — Chesterfield. 

UN-MED'DLING-LY, adv. Without meddling. 

t UN-MED'DLING-NESS, n. Forbearance of interposition. 

UN-MED'I-TI-TED, a. Not meditated; not prepared by 
previous thought. 

UN-MEET, a. Not fit ; not proper ; not worthy. — Prior 

UN-MEET'LY, adv. Not fitly ; not properly ; not suitably. 

UN-MEET'NESS, n. Unfitness ; unsuitableness. 

UN-MEL'LoWED, a. Not mellowed ; not fully matured. 

UN-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious ; wanting melody. 

UN-ME-Lo'DI-OUS-LY, adv. Without melody. 

UN-ME-Lo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being destitute of 
melody. 



UN-MELTED, a. 1. Undissolved ; not melted. 2. Not soit 
ened. 

UN-MELT'ED-NESS, n. State of being unmelted. 

UN-MEM'BER, v. t. To deprive of membership iu 
church. 

UN-MEM'BERED, pp. Deprived of membership. 

UN-MENACED (-men'aste), a. Not threatened.— Byron 

UN-MEN'A-CING, a. Not threatening. 

UN-MEN'TION-A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be mentioned. Ec. Ret 
— 2. n. As a noun, a garment not to be named. 

UN-MEN'TIONED, a. Not mentioned ; not named. 

UN-MER'€AN-TlLE, a. Not according to the customs and 
rules of commerce. 

UN-MER'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Not merchantable ; not of v 
quality fit for the market. 

UN-MER'CI-FUL, a. \. Not merciful ; inhuman to such be 
ings as are in one's power ; not disposed to spare or for 
give. 2. Unconscionable ; exorbitant. — Syn. Merciless 
hard-hearted ; cruel ; unsparing ; severe. 

UN-MER'CI-FUL-LY, adv. Without mercy ; cruelly. 

UN-MER'CI-FUL-NESS, n. Want of mercy ; want of ten 
derness and compassion toward those who are in one's 
power ; cruelty in the exercise o£power or punishment. 

t UN-MER'IT-A-BLE, a. Having no merit or desert— Skak. 

UN-MER'IT-ED, a. 1. Not merited; not deserved; obtained 
without service or equivalent. 2. Not deserved ; cruel , 
unjust. 

UN-MER'IT-ED-LY, adv. Not deservedly. 

UN-MER'IT-ED-NESS, n. State of being unmerited. 

UN-MET', a. Not met.— Ben Jonson. 

UN-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Not metallic ; not having the propei 
ties of metal ; not belonging to metals. 

UN-MET-A-PHYS'I€-AL, a. Not metaphysical ; not pertah)- 
ing to metaphysics. 

UN-METH'OD-IZED, a. Not methodized.- H. Taylor. 

UN-MlGHT'Y (-mit'e), a. Not mighty; not powerful. 

UN-MiLD', a. Not mild ; harsh ; severe ; fierce. 

UN-MILD'LY, adv. Not mildly ; harshly. 

UN-MlLD'NESS, n. Want of mildness ; harshness. 

UN-MIL'I-TA-RY, a. Not according to military rules. 

UN-MILKED' (-milkf), a. Not milked.— Pope. 

UN-MILLED', a. Not-milled ; not indented or grained. 

UN-MlND'ED, a. Not minded ; not heeded.— Milton. 

UN-MlND'FUL, a. Not mindful ; not heedful ; not atten- 
tive ; regardless. — Milton. 

UN-MlND'FUL-LY, adv. Carelessly; heedlessly. 

UN-MlND'FUL-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; inattention , care- 
lessness. 

UN-MIN"GLE (-ming'gl), v. t. To separate things mixed.— 
Bacon. 

t UN-MIN"GLE-A-BLE, a. That can not be mixed. 

UN-MIN"GLED, a. 1. Not mingled ; not mixed ; pure. 2. 
Pure ; not vitiated or alloyed by foreign admixture. 

UN-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Not ministerial. 

UN-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. Unsuitably to a minister. 

UN-MI-RAC'U-LOUS, a. Not miraculous. 

UN-MI-RACU-LOUS-LY, adv. Without a miracle. 

UN-MlR'Y, a. Not miry ; not muddy ; not foul with dirt 

UN-MISSED' (misf), a. Not missed ; not perceived to be 
gone or lost. — Gray. 

UN-MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a. That can not be mistaken. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

UN-MIS-TaK'EN, a. Not mistaken ; sure.— Trumbull. 

UN-MIS-TRUST'ING, a. Not mistrusting ; unsuspicious. 

UN-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. Not capable of being mitigated. 

UN-MITI-GI-TED, a. Not mitigated; not lessened; not 
softened in severity or harshness. — Shak. 

UN-MIXED' ? (un-miksf), a. 1. Not mixed ; not mingled 

UN-MIXT 5 pure ; unadulterated ; unvitiated by foreign 
admixture. 2. Pure ; unalloyed. 

UN-M5ANED', a. Not lamented.— Shak. 

UN-MOD'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That can not be modified or al- 
tered in form ; that can not be reduced to a more accept- 
able or desired form. 

UN-MOD'I-FlED, a. Not modified ; not altered in form ; 
not qualified in meaning. 

UN-MoD'ISH. a. Not modish ; not according to custom 

UN-MOD'U-LI-TED, a. Not modulated.— Shelly. 

UN-MOIST', a. Not moist ; not humid ; dry.— Phillips. 

UN-MOIST' ENED (-mois'nd), a. Not made moist or humid. 

UN-M5LD', \ v. t. To change the form ; to reduce from 

UN-MdULD', 5 any form. 

UN-MoLD'ED, pp. 1. Not changed in form. 2. a. Not mold 
ed ; not shaped or formed. 

UN-MoLD'ER-ING, a. Not crumbling or wasting away.- 
Bryant. 

UN-MO-LEST'ED, a. Not molested ; not disturbed ; fr«? 
from disturbance. — Pope. 

UN-M6N'EYED (-mun'id), a. Not having money. 

t UN-MO-NOP'O-LlZE, v. t. To recover from being monop- 
olized. 

t UN-MO-NOP'O-LIZED, a. Not monopolized. 

UN-MOOR', v. t. 1. In sea language, to bring to the state oi 



* See Synopsis. 1, E. I, &c, long.— X E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY •— MARiNE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOQK. 



UNN 



1085 



UNO 



riding with a single anchor, after having been moored by 
two or more cables. 2. To loose from anchorage. 

UK-MOORED', pp. Loosed from anchorage, or brought to 
ride with a single anchor. 

UN-MOORTNG, ppr. Loosing from anchorage, or bringing 
to ride with a single anchor. 

UN-MORALIZED, a. Untutored by morality ; not con- 
formed to good morals. — Norris. 

UN-MORTGAgED (un-morigajd), a. Not mortgaged ; not 
pledged.— Addison. Dryden. See Mortgage. 

UN-MOR'TI-FlED, a. L "Not mortified ; not ashamed. 2. 
N^t_subdued by sorrow. 

UN-MoULD', v. t. To change the form. See Unmold. 

UN-MOUNTED, a. Not mounted. 

UN-MoURNED', a. Not lamented.— Rogers. 

UN-Mo V'A-BLE, a. That can not be moved ; firm ; fixed. 

UN-MOV'A-BLY, adv. Unalterably.— EUis. 

UN-MOVED' (-moovd'), a. 1. Not moved ; not transferred 
from one place to another. 2. Not changed in purpose ; 
unshaken ; firm. 3. Not affected ; not having the pas- 
sions excited j not touched or impressed. 4. Not altered 
by passion or emotion. 

UN-MO V'ED-LY, adv. Without being moved. 

UN-MOVING, a. 1. Having no motion. 2. Not exciting 
emotion ; having no power to affect the passions. 

UN-MUF'FLE (-muffl), v. t. 1. To take a covering from the 
face. — Milton. 2. To remove the muffling of a drum. 

UN-MUF'FL£D (-muf 'fld), pp. Uncovered. 

UN-MUF'FLING, ppr. Removing a covering. 

UN-MUR'MUR£D, a. Not murmured at.— Beaum. and Fl. 

UN-MUR'MUR-ING, a. Not murmuring ; not complaining. 

UN-MUR'MUR-ING-LY, adv. Uncomplainingly. 

UN-Mu'SI€-AL, a. 1. Not musical ; not harmonious or me- 
lodious. 2. Harsh ; not pleasing to the ear. 

UN-Mu'SI€-AL-LY, adv. Without harmony ; harshly. 

UN-Mu'SING, a. Not musing. 

UN-Mu'SING-LY, adv. In an unmusing manner. 

UN-Mu'TI-La-TED, a. Not mutilated; not deprived of a 
member or part ; entire. 

UN-MUZ'ZLE, v. t. To loose from a muzzle.— Shak. 

UN-MUZ'ZL£D, pp. Loosed from a muzzle. 

UN-NaM£D', a. Not named ; not mentioned. — Milton. 

UN-Na'TION-AL (-na'shun- or -nash'un-), a. Not national. 

UN-NaT! VE, a. Not native ; not natural ; forced. 

UN-NATU-RAL, a. 1. Contrary to the laws of nature ; con- 
trary to the natural feelings. 2. Acting without the affec- 
tions of our common nature. 3. Not in conformity to na- 
ture ; not agreeable to the real state of persons or things ; 
not representing nature. 

UN-NATU-RAL-lZE, v. t. To divest of natural feelings. 

UN-NATU-RAL-lZED, pp. 1. Divested of natural feelings. 
2. a. Not naturalized ; not made a citizen by authority. 

UN-NATU-RAL-LY, adv. In opposition to natural feelings 
and sentiments. — Tillotson. 

UN-NATU-RAL-NESS, n. Contrariety to nature. 

UN-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. Not navigable. 

UN-NAV'I-Ga-TED, a. Not navigated ; not passed over in 
ships or other vessels. — Cook's Voyages. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, adv. Without necessity ; needless- 
ly. — Hooker. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-Rl-NESS, n. The state of being unnecessa- 
ry ; needlessness. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. Not necessary ; needless ; not re- 
quired by the circumstances of the case ; useless. 

UN-NE-CES'SI-Ta-TED, a. Not required by necessity. 

UN-NEED'ED. a. Not needed. 

UN-NEED'FUL, a. Not needful ; not wanted ; needless. 

UN-NEED'FUL-LY, adv. Not needfully. 

UN-NEIGH'BOR-LY (-na'bor-le), a. Not suitable to the du- 
ties of a neighbor ; not becoming persons living near each 
other ; not kind and friendly. 

UN-NEIGH'BOR-LY, adv. In a manner not suitable to a 
neighbor; in a manner contrary to the kindness which 
should subsist among neighbors. 

f UNrNERV'ATE, a. Not strong ; feeble.— Broome. 

UN-NERVE' (un-nerv'), v. t. To deprive of nerve, force, or 
strength ; to weaken ; to enfeeble. — Addison. 

UN-NERVED', pp. L Deprived of strength. 2. a. Weak ; 
feeble. 

UN-N ERV1NG, ppr. Depriving of strength. 

fUN-NETH'. \adv. Scarcely; hardly. — Spenser See 

»UN-NF/THES',5 Uneath. 

UN-NEu'TRAL. a. Not neutral ; not uninterested. 

UN-No'BLE, a. Not noble; ignoble; mean.— Skak. 

UN-NOTED, a. 1. Not noted ; not observed ; not heeded ; 
not regarded. — Pope. 2. Not honored. 

UN-NOTICED (-no'tist), a. 1. Not observed ; not regarded. 
2. Not treated with the usual marks of respect ; not kind- 
ly and hospitably entertained. 
UN-No'TIC-ING, a. Not taking notice. 
UN-NUM'BEKED. a. Not numbered ; innumerable ; in- 

definitelv numerous. — Prior. 
UN-NURTURED a. Not nurtured ; not educated. 



UN-NU-TRI"TIOUS (-nu-trish'us), a. Not affording nourtsn 
ment. 

UN-O-BEYED' (-o-bade / ), a. Not obeyed.— Milton. 

UN-O-BEY'ING (-o-ba'ing), a. Not yielding obedience. 

UN-OB-JECTED, a. Not objected ; not charged as a fault 
or error.— Atterbury. 

UN-OB-JECTION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to objection ; that 
need not be condemned as faulty, false, or improper. 

UN-OB-JEC'TION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not liable t» 
objection.* 

UN-O-BLlOED', a. Not obliged. 

UN-O-BLIGTNG, a. Not obliging or disposed to oblige. 

UN-OB-NOX'IOUS, a. Not liable ; not exposed to harm. 

UN-OB-NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. In an unobnoxious manner. 

UN-OB-S€uR£D', a. Not obscured ; not darkened. 

UN-OB-Se'Q_UI-OUS, a. Not obsequious ; not servilely sub 
missive 1 

UN-OB-Se'QUI-OUS-LY, adv. Not with servile submissive, 
ness. 

UN-OB-SE'QUI-OUS-NESS, n. Want of servile submissive- 
ness or compliance ; incompliance. 

UN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. That is not observable ; not dis- 
coverable. — Boyle. 

UN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observation ; inattention ; 
regardlessness. — Whitlock. 

UN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Not observant ; not attentive ; 
heedless. — Glanville. 2. Not obsequious. 

UN-OB-SERVED', a. Not observed; not noticed; not seen; 
not regarded ; not heeded. — Bacon. 

UN-OB-SERV'ED-LY, adv. Without being observed. 

UN-OB-SERV'ING, a. Not observing ; inattentive ; heed- 
less. 

UN-OB-SERVTNG-LY, adv. Inattentively. 

UN-OB-STRUCTED, a. 1. Not obstructed ; not filled with 
impediments. 2. Not hindered ; not stopped. 

UN-OB-STRUCTED-LY, adv. Without being obstructed. 

UN-OB-STRUCT'lVE, a. Not presenting any obstacle. 

UN-OB-STRUCTiVE-LY, adv. Without obstruction. 

UN-OB-STRUCTlVE-NESS, n. State of being not ob- 
structive. 

UN-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That can not be obtained; no! 
within reach or power. 

UN-OB-TaIN'A-BLE-NESS, 7i. State of being unobtainable. 

UN-OB-TaINED', a. Not obtained; not gained; not re- 
quired. — Hooker. 

UN-OB-TRu'SlVE, a. Not obtrusive ; notforward ; modest 

UN-OB-TRu'SlVE-LY, adv. Modestly. 

UN-OB-TRu'SiVE-NESS, n. State of being unobtrusive. 

UN-OB'VI-OUS, a. Not obvious ; not readily occurring to 
the view or the understanding. — Boyle. 

UN-0€'€U-PlED, a. 1. Not occupied; not possessed. 2. 
Not engaged in business ; being at leisure. 3. Not em- 
ployed or taken up. 

UN-OF-FEND'ED, a. Not offended ; not having taken of 
fense. 

UN-OF-FEND'ING, a. 1. Not offending ; not giving offense. 
2. Not sinning; free from sin or fault. 3. Inofi'ensive 
harmless ; innocent. 

UN-OF-FENS1VE, a. Not offensive ; harmless. 

UN-OF'FERED, a. Not offered ; not proposed to accept- 
ance. — Clarendon. 

UN-OF-Fi"CIAL (-of-fish'al), a. 1. Not official ; not pertain- 
ing to office. 2. Not proceeding from the proper officer 
or from due authority. 

UN-OF-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. Not officially ; not in the course 
of official duty. 

UN-OF-Fl"CIOUS (-of-fish'us), a. Not officious; not for- 
ward or intermeddling. 

UN-OF-Fl"CIOUS-LY, adv. Not officiously. 

UN-OF-Fi"CIOUS-NESS, n. The state of not being officious- 

tUN-OFTEN (-of'n), adv. Rarely. 

UN-OIL', v. t. To free from oil.— Dryden. 

UN-OILED', pp. 1. Freed from oil. 2. a. Not oiled ; frer. 
from oil. 

UN-0'PENED (-6'pnd), a. Not opened; remaining fast 
close, shut, or sealed. — Chesterfield. 

UN-o'PEN-ING. a. Not opening.— Pope. 

UN-OP'ER-A-Tl VE, a. Not operative ; producing no effect. 

UN-O-PER'CU-La-TED, a. Having no cover or operculum. 

UN-OP-PoSED' (-pozd'), a. Not opposed ; not resisted ; not 
meeting with any obstruction. 

UN-OP-PRESSED' (-prest), a. Not oppressed ; not unduly 
burdened. 

UN-OP-PRESS'iVE, a. Not oppressive. 

UN-OR'DERED, a. Not ordered. 

UN-OR'DER-LY. a. Not orderly ; disorderly; irregular 

tUN-OR'DI-NA-RY, a. Not ordinary ; not common. 

UN-OR'GAN-lZED, a. Not organized ; not having organic 
structure or vessels for the preparation, secretion, and 
distribution of nourishment, &c. 

UN-O-RI-ENTAL, a. Not oriental.— Byron. 

UN-O-RIgTN-AL, a. 1. Not original; derived. 2. Having 
no birth ; ungenerated. — Milton. 



DOVE :— BULL, UNTTE ;— AN"GER Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; A as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete 



UNP 



1086 



UNP 



UN-O-RlGlN-A-TED, a. Not originated ; having no birth 
or creation. — Stephens. 

UN-OR-NA-MENTAL, a. Not ornamental.— West. 

UN-OR'NA-MENT-ED, a. Not ornamented ; not adorned. 

UN-OR'THO-DOX, a. Not orthodox ; not holding the gen- 
uine doctrines of the Scriptures. — Decay of Piety. 

UN-ORTHO-DOX-LY, adv. Not orthodoxly. 

UN-OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS. a. 1. Not ostentatious ; not boast- 
ful ; not making show and parade ; modest. 2. Not 
glaring ; not showy. 

VN-OS-TEN-TI'TIOUS-LY, adv. Without show, parade, 
or ostentation. 

ON-OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS-NESS, n. State of being free from 
ostentation. 

UN-oWSD' (-ode 7 ), a. Not owed ; not due. 

UN-oWN£D', a. 1. Not owned ; having no known owner ; 
not claimed. 2. Not avowed ; not acknowledged as one's 
own ; not admitted as done by one's self. 

UN-OX'Y-Da-TED, i 

UN-OX'Y-DiZjED. 1 a. Not having oxygen in combina- 

UN-OX'Y-gEN-a-TED, f tion. 

UN-OX'Y-GEN-IZ£D, J 

UN-PA-CIF'IC, a. Not pacific ; not disposed to peace ; not 
of a peaceable disposition. — Warton. 

UN-PA-CIF'I€-AL-L Y, adv. Not pacifically. 

UN-PAC'1-Fl.ED (-fide), a. Not pacified ; not appeased. 

UN-PACK', v. t. 1. To open, as things packed. 2. To dis- 
burden. — Shak. ; [little used.] 

UN-PACK.ED' (-pakf), pp. 1. Opened, as goods. 2. a. Not 
packed ; not collected by unlawful artifices. — Hudibras. 

UN-PAGKTNG, ppr. Opening, as a package. 

UN-PaID', a. 1. Not paid ; not discharged, as a debt. 2. 
Not having received what is due ; as, unpaid workmen. 
Pope. — Unpaid for, not paid for ; taken on credit. 

(JN-PaINSD', a. Not pained ; suffering no pain. — Milton. 

UN-PaIN'FUL, a. Not painful ; giving no pain. — Locke. 

UN-PAIN'FUL-LY, adv. Without pain. 

UN-PaINT'ED, a. Not painted. 

UN-PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not palatable ; disgusting to the 
taste. 2. Not such as to be relished ; disagreeable. 

UN-PAL'A-TA-BLY, adv. So as not to be relished. 

UN-PALL.ED' (-pawld'), a. Not deadened. 

UN-PAN'0-PLl£D, a. Destitute of panoply.— Pollok. 

UN-PAR' A-DlSE, v. t. To deprive of happiness like that of 
paradise ; to render unhappy. — Young. 

UN-PAR' A-GON.ED, a. Unequaied ; unmatched. 

UN-PARAL-LEL.ED, a. Having no parallel or equal ; un- 
equaled ; unmatched. — Addison. 

UN-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Not to be forgiven ; that can not 
be pardoned or remitted. — Rogers. 

UN-PaR'DON-A-BLY, adv. Beyond forgiveness. — Atter- 
bury. 

UN-PaR'DONED, a. 1. Not pardoned; not forgiven.— 
Rogers. 2. Not having received a legal pardon. 

UN-PaR'DON-ING, a. Not forgiving; not disposed to par- 
don. — Dryden. 

UN-PaR-LIA-MENT'A-RI-LY (un-par-le-ment'a-re-le), adv. 
Not according to the rules of parliament. 

UN-PaR-LIA-MENTA-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety to the 
rules, usages, or constitution of parliament. 

UN-PaR-LIA-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Contrary to the usages or 
rules of proceeding in parliament. 2. Contrary to the 
rules or usages of legislative bodies. 

UN-PaRT'ED, a. Not parted ; not divided ; not separated. 
— Prior. 

i UN-PARTIAL (-shal), a. Not partial. See Impartial. 

I UN-PaR'TIAL-LY, adv. Fairly ; impartially. 

UN-PIR-TIC'I-Pa-TING, a. Not participating. 

(JN-PaSS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not admitting persons to pass ; im- 
passable. 2. Not current ; not received in common pay- 
ments. 

f UN-P AS'SION-ATE, \ a. Calm ; free from passion ; im- 

i- UN-PAS'SION-A-TED, $ partial. 

\ UN-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without passion ; calmly. 

UN-PAS'SION-ED (un-pash'und), a. Not excited by passion ; 
calm. 

UN-PaS'TOR-AL, a. Not pastoral ; not suitable to pastoral 
manners. — Warton. 

QN-PAT'ENT-ED, a. Not granted by patent.— Cranch. 

UN-PATH.ED' (-paflid'), a. 1. Unmarked by passage ; not 
trodden. — Shak. 2. Not being beaten into a path ; as, un- 
pathed snow. 

UN-PA-THETIC, a. Not pathetic; not adapted to move 
the passions or excite emotion. — Warton. 

UN-PA-THETIC-AL-LY, adv. Without moving the pas- 
sions or exciting emotion. 

UN-PI-TRI-OT'IC, I Nofnarriotip 

UN-Pa-TRI-OTIC-AL, 5 a - Not P atnotlc - 

UN-Fa-TRI-OTIC-AL-LY, adv. Not patriotically. 

UN-PAT'RON-lZ-ED, a. Not having a patron ; not support- 
ed by friends. — Johnson. 

UN-PATTERNED, a. Having no pattern or equal.— Beau- 
mont and Fletcher. 



UN-PIV.ED', a. Not paved ; not covered with stone. 
UN-PA WNJ5D', a. Not pawned ; not pledged.— Pope. 
t UN-PI Y', v. t. 1. To undo.— Shak. 2. Not to pay or com 

pensate. 
UN-PaY'ING, a. Neglecting payment. 
UN-PaY'ING-LY, adv. Unprofitably. 
UN-PeACE'A-BLE, a. Not peaceable ; quarrelscme. 
UN-PeACE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unquietness ; quarrelsome 

UN-PeACE'A-BLY, adv. Unquietly. 

UN-PeACE'FUL, a. Not pacific or peaceful ; unquiet. 

UN-PeACE'FUL-LY, adv. Not peacefully. 

UN-PeACE'FUL-NESS, n. Disquiet ; inquietude. 

UN-PED'I-GREED, a. Not distinguished by a pedigree. 

UN-PEG', v. t. 1. To loose from pegs ; to open. 2. To puS 
out the peg from. 

UN-PEGG-ED', pp. Loosened from pegs ; opened. 

UN-PELT'ED, a. Not pelted ; not assailed with stones. 

UN-PEN', v. t. To let out or suffer to escape by breaking a 
dam or opening a pen. — Blackstone. 

UN-Pe'NAL, a. Not penal ; not subject to a penalty. 

UN-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. Not to be penetrated. 

UN-PEN'E-TRa-TED, a. Not entered or pierced. 

t UN-PEN'I-TENT, a. Not penitent. 

UN-PENNED', pp. Unfastened ; let out. 

UN-PEN'NING, ppr. Suffering to escape ; unlocking. 

UN-PEN'SION-ED, a. 1. Not pensioned ; not rewarded by 
a pension. 2. Not kept in pay ; not held in dependence 
by a pension. 

UN-PeO'PLE (-pe'pl), v. t. To deprive of inhabitants ; to 
depopulate ; to dispeople. — Dryden. 

UN-PeO'PL-ED (-pe'pld), pp. Depopulated ; dispeopled. 

UN-PeO'PLING, ppr. Depopulating. 

UN-PER-CEIV'A-BLE, a. Not to be perceived. 

UN-PER-CeIV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be per- 
ceived. 

UN-PER-CEIV.ED' (-per-seevd'), a. Not perceived; not 
heeded ; not observed ; not noticed. — Milton. 

UN-PER-CeIV'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be perceived. 

t UN-PER'FE€T, a. Not perfect ; not complete ; imperfect 

UN-PER'FE€T-ED, a. Not perfected ; not completed. 

UN-PER'FE€T-LY, adv. Imperfectly.— Hales. 

t UN-PER'FE€T-NESS, n. Want of perfectness ; incom- 
pleteness. 

UN-PER'FO-RI-TED, a. Not perforated ; not penetrated 
by openings. 

UN-PER-FORM.ED', a. 1. Not performed ; not done ; not 
executed. 2. Not fulfilled. — Taylor. 

UN-PER-FORM'ING, a. Not performing.— Dryden. 

t UN-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not perishable ; not subject tt 
decay. 

UN-PER'ISH-A-BLY, adv. Imperishably. 

t UN-PER'ISH£D (-per'isht), a. Not violated ; not destroyed 
— Sir T. Elyot. 

UN-PER'ISH-ING, a. Not perishing ; durable. 

UN-PER'ISH-ING-LY, adv. Not perishingly. 

UN-PER'JURiJD, a. Free from the crime of perjury. 
Dryden. 

UN-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent ; not durable. 

UN-PER-MIT'TED, a. Not permitted.— Southey. 

UN-PER-PLEX', v. t. To free from perplexity.— Donne. 

UN-PER-PLEX.ED' (-per-pleksf), a. 1. Not perplexed ; no, 
harassed ; not embarrassed. 2. Free from perplexity or 
complication; simple. 

UN-PER'SE-€U-TED, a. Free from persecution. 

UN-PER-SPlR'A-BLE, a. That can not be perspired or 
emitted through the pores of the skin. — Arbuthnot. 

UN-PER-SUID'A-BLE, a. That can not be persuaded, or 
influenced by motives urged. — Sidney. 

UN-PER-TURB£D', a. Not disturbed.-^Scott. 

UN-PER-VERT'ED, a. Not perverted; not wrested or 
turned to a wrong sense or use. 

UN-PE-RuSjBD' (-pe-ruzdO, a. Not read. 

UN-PET'RI-FI.ED (-fide), a. Not petrified ; not converted 
into stone. 

UN-PHIL-AN-THROPIC, n. Not philanthropic. 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'IC, la. Not according to the rules 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPHTC-AL, 5 or principles of sound philos- 
ophy ; contrary to philosophy. 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary 
to the principles of sound philosophy or right reason. 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'IC-AL-NESS, n. Incongruity with phi- 
losophy. — Norris. 

UN-PHS-LOS'O-PHIZE, v. t. To degrade from the charac- 
ter of a philosopher. — Pope. 

UN-PHf-LOS'0-PHIZ.ED, pp. or a. 1. Degraded from the 
rank of a philosopher. 2. Not sophisticated or perverted 
by philosophy. ■ 

UN-PHRE-NO-LOGlC-AL, a. Not pertaining to phrenol 
ogy. 

tUN-PHYS'I€KED (-fiz'ikt), a. 
cine ; not pliv -. Ked Howell. 

UN-PIC-TUR-ESaUE' ( eskQ, a. Not picturesqu^ 



Not influenced by medi 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—JL, E, I, &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE. P.QQK 



UNP 



1087 



UNP 



(JN-PIeRCE'A-BLE, a. That can not be pierced.— Southey. 
UN -PIERCED' (un-peerst), a. Not pierced ; not penetrated. 

- -Gay. 
UN-P1L'LARED. a, Deprived of pillars.— Pope. 
UN-PIL'LoWED, a. Having no pillow; having the head 

nonsupported. — Milton. 
UN-Pl'LO T-ED, a. Not steered by a pilot 
UN-PIN', v. t. To loose from pins ; to unfasten what is held 

together by pins. 
JN-PiNKED' (-pinkf), a. Not pinked; not marked or set 

with eyelet holes. — Shak. 
JN-PINNED', pp. Loosed from pins. 
UN-PIN'NING, ppr. Unfastening what is held together by 

pins. 
UN-PIT'I-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be pitied. 
UN-PIT'iED (-pifid), a. Not pitied ; not compassionated ; 

not regarded with sympathetic sorrow. — Pope. 
UN-PIT'I-FUL, a. 1. Having no pity. 2. Not exciting pity. 
UN-PITI-FUL-LY. adv. Unmercifully; without mercy. 
UN-PIT'Y-ING, a. Having no pity; showing no compassion. 
\ UN-PLa'€A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased ; implacable. 
UN-PLaCED' (-plaste'), a, 1. Having no office or employ- 
ment under the government. — Pope. 2. Undetermined as 
to place ; as, unplaced kings, whose position in the series 
of Egyptian kings is undetermined.— GUddon. 
UN-PLaGUED', a. Not plagued ; not harassed. 
UN-PLANTED, a. Not planted ; of spontaneous growth. 
UN-PLASTERED, a. Not plastered. 

UN-PLAUS'I-BLE, a. Not plausible ; not having a fair ap- 
pearance. — Milton. 
UN-PLAUS'I-BLY, adv. Not with a fair appearance. 
UN-PLAU'SiVE, a. Not approving ; not applauding. 
UN-PLeAD'A-BLE, a. That can not be pleaded. 
UN-PLeAS'ANT (-plez'ant), a. Not pleasant; not affording 

pleasure ; disagreeable.— Hooker. 
UN-PLeAS'ANT-LY (un-plez'ant-le), adv. In a manner not 

pleasing ; uneasily. — Pope. 
UN-PLeAS'ANT-NESS (un-plez'ant-nes), n. Disagreeable- 
ness ;_the state or quality of not giving pleasure. — Hooker. 
UN-PLeASED', a. Not pleased ; displeased.— Dryden. 
UN-PLeAS'ING, a. Offensive ; distrusting.— Dryden. 
UN-PLeAS'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to displease. 
UN-PLeASING-NESS, n. Want of qualities to please. 
\ UN-PLeAS'iVE, a. Not pleasing.— Bishop Hall. 
UN-PLeAS'UR-A-BLE, a. Not pleasurable.— Coleridge. 
UN-PLEDGED', a. Not pledged ; not mortgaged 
UN-PLl'A-BLE, a. Not pliable ; not easily bent. 
UN-PLl'A-BLY, adv. In an unpliable manner. 
UN-PLl'ANT, a. 1. Not pliant ; not easily bent ; stiff— 
Wotton. 2. Not readily yielding the will ; not compliant. 
UN-PLl'ANT-LY, adv. Not pliantly ; stiffly. 
UN-PLOWED', \ XT . , A ,, . 
UN-PLOUGH ED', \ a - Not P lowed -— Mortimer. 
UN-PLUMB' (-un-plum'), a. Not perpendicular. — Burke. 
JN-PLuME', v. t. To strip of plumes ; to degrade. — Glan- 

ville. 
UN-PLuMED', pp. or a. Deprived of plumes ; destitute of 

plumes. 
UN-PLUN'DERED, a. Not plundered or stripped. 
UN-PO-ETIG, ) a. 1. Not poetical ; not having the 
UN-PO-ET'I€-AL, 5 beauties of verse. 2. Not becoming a 

poet. 
UN-PO-ET'I€-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner not comporting 
with the nature of poetry. 2. In a manner unbecoming a 
poet. 
UN-POINT'ED, a. 1. Having no point or sting. 2. Not hav- 
ing marks by which to distinguish sentences, members, 
and clauses in writing. 3. Not having the vowel points or 
marks. 
UN-POIS'ON, v. t. To remove or expel poison.— South. 
UN-POISED\ a. Not poised ; not balanced.— Thomson. 
UN-Po'LAR-lZED, a. Not polarized ; not having polarity. 
UN-POL'I-CLED (-pol'e-sid), a. Not having civil polity, or a 

regular form of government 
UN-POL'ISHED (-pol'isht), a. 1. Not polished ; not made 
bright by attrition. 2. Not refined in manners ; uncivil- 
ized ; rude ; plain. 
UN-PO-LlTE', a. 1. Not refined in manners ; not elegant. 

2. Not civil ; not courteous ; rude ; see Impolite. 
UN-PO-LlTE'LY, adv. In an uncivil or rude manner. 
UN-PO-LlTE'NESS, n. 1. Want of refinement in manners ; 

rudeness. 2. Incivility ; want of courtesy. 
UN-POL'I-TIG, a. Impolitic. [The latter is used.] 
UN-P5LLED', a. 1. Not registered as a voter. 2. Unplun- 

dered ; not stripped. — Fanshaw. 
UN-POL-LuTED, a. Not polluted; not defiled; not cor- 
rupted. 
UN-POP'U-LAR, a. 1. Not popular ; not having the public 

favor. 2. Not pleasing the people. 
UN-POP-U-L AR'I-TY, n. The state of not enjoying the pub- 
ic favor, or of not pleasing the people. 
UN-POP'U-LAR-LY, adv. Not popularly. 
UN PoRT'A-BLE, a. Not tn je carried.— Raleigh. 



UN-PoRTIONED, a. Not endowed or furnished with e 

portion or fortune. 
UN-PoRT'U-OUS, a. Having no ports.— Burke. 
UN-POS-SES8ED' (-pos-sesf), a. Not possessed ; not held , 

not occupied. 
UN-POS-SESS'ING, a. Having no possessions.— Shak. 
t UN-POS'SI-BLE, a. Not possible ; impossible. 
UN-Po'TA-BLE, a. Not drinkable. 
UN-POWDERED, a. Not sprinkled with powder. 
t UN-PRA€'TI-GA-BLE, a. That can not be performed. 
UN-PRA€TiCED (-prak'tist), a. 1. Not having been taught 

by practice; not skilled; not having experience; raw; 

unskillful. 2. Not known ; not familiar by use ; [obs.] 
UN-PRaISED', a. Not praised ; not epVjbratrd Dryden. 
UN-PREACH'ING, a. Not preaching.—//. More. 
UN-PRE-€a'RI-OUS, a. Not dependent on another ; not 

uncertain. — Blackmore. 
UN-PRE-CeD'ED, a. Not preceded. 
UN-PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having no precedent or exam- 

pie ; not preceded by a like case ; not having the author- 
ity of prior example. — Swift. 
UN-PREC'E-DENT-ED-LY, adv. Without precedent. 
UN-PRE-ClSE', a. Not precise ; not exact— Warton. 
UN-PRE-DESTlNED, a. Not previously determined. 
UN-PRE-DIGT', v. t. To retract prediction.— MiUon. 
UN-PRE-FERRED', a. Not preferred ; not advanced. 

Collier. 
UN-PREG'NANT, a. Not pregnant 2. Not prolific ; not 

quick of wit. — Shak. 
UN-PRE-JuT)I-€ATE, a. Not prepossessed by settled opin- 
ions. — Taylor. [Little used.] 
I UN-PREJTJ-DiCED (-pred'ju-dist), a. 1. Not prejudiced; 

free from undue bias or prepossession ; not preoccupied 

by opinion ; impartial. 2. Not warped by prejudice. 
UN-PRE J'U-DICED-NESS, n. State of being unprejudiced. 

— Clarke. 
UN-PRE-LAT'I€-AL, a. Unsuitable to a prelate. 
UN-PRE-LATTG-AL-LY, adv. Unlike or unsuitably to a 

prelate. 
UN-PRE-MED'I-Ta-TED, a. 1. Not previously meditated 

or prepared in the mind. 2. Not previously purposed or 

intended ; not done by design. 
UN-PRE-MED'I-Ta-TED-LY, adv. Without premeditation 
UN-PRE-0€'€U-PlED (-pide), a. Not preoccupied. 
UN-PRE-PaRED', a. 1. Not prepared ; not ready ; not fitted 

or furnished by previous measures. 2. Not prepared by 

holiness of life for the event of death and a happy immor- 
tality. 
UN-PRE-P1R'ED-LY, adv. Without preparation. 
UN-PRE-PaR'ED-NESS, n. State of being unprepared. 
UN-PRE-POS-SESSED' (-sest), a. Not prepossessed ; not 

biased by previous opinions ; not partial. — South. 
UN-PRE-POS-SESS'LNG, a. Not having a winning appear 

ance. 
UN-PRE-SERV'A-BLE, a. That can not be preserved. 
UN-PRESSED' (-presto, a - *• Not pressed. 2. Not en 

forced. 
UN-PRE-SUMPT'U-OUS, a. Not presumptuous ; not rash 

modest; submissive. — Cowper. 
UN-PRE-SUMPTU-OUS-LY, adv. Without presumption. 
UN-PRE-TEND'ING, a. Not claiming distinction ; mod 

est. 
UN-PRE-TEND'ING-LY, adv. Without pretension. 
UN-PRE-VaIL'ING, a. Being of no force ; vain.— Shak. 
UN-PREV'A-LENT, a. Not prevalent. 
UN-PRE-VENT'A-BLE, a. Not preventable. 
UN-PRE-VENTED, a. 1. Not prevented ; not hindered. 

Shak. _2. Not preceded by any thing.— Milton ; [obs.] 
UN-PRIeST', v. t. To deprive of the orders of a priest 
UN-PRlESTLY, a. Unsuitable to a priest— Bale. 
UN-PRINCE', v. t. To deprive of principality or sovereign 

ty.— Swift. 
UN-PRLNCE'LY, a. Unbecoming a prince ; not resembling 

a prince. — King Charles. 
UN-PRIN'CI-PLED, a. 1. Not having settled principles. 2 

Having no good moral principles; destitute of virtue ; not 

restrained by conscience ; profligate. 
UN-PRIN'CI-PLED-NESS, n. Want of principle. 
UN-PRINT'ED, a. 1. Not printed, as a literary work.— Pops 

2. Not stamped with figures ; white. 
UN-PRIS'ONED, a. Set free from confinement. 
UN-PRIV'I-LeGED, a. Not privileged ; not enjoying a par 

ticular immunity. — Jefferson. 
UN-PRIZ'A-BLE, a. Not valued ; not of estimation. 
UN-PRTZED' (-prizd'), a. Not valued.— Shak. 
UN-PRO-€LaIMED', a. Not proclaimed ; not notified b> 

public declaration. — Milton. 
UN-PRO-DU€'TiVE, a. 1. Not productive ; barren.— Burke. 
— 2. More generally, not producing large crops ; not mak- 
ing profitable returns for labor. 3. Not profitable ; not 
producing profit or interest, as capital. 4. Not efficient 
not producing any efiect 
UN-PRO-DU€TlVE-LY, adv. Barrenly ; without profit 



DoVE :— BULL, UN T iE :— AN'GER. VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; SasZ; CH aa SH; TH as in this. \ Obsolete 



UNP 



1088 



UNR 



UN-PRO-DUG'TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being unpro- 
ductive, as land, stock, capital, labor, &c. 

UN-PRO-FINED', a. Not profaned; not violated. 

UN-PRO-FESSED' (-pro-fesf), a. Not professed. 

UN-PRO-FES'SION-AL (fesh'un-al), a. 1. Not pertaining to 
one's profession. 2. Not belonging to a profession. 

UN-PRO-FES'SION-AL-LY, adv. In opposition to profes- 
sional practice. 

UN-PRO-Fl"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-se), n. Want of proficiency 
or improvement. — Hall. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Bringing no profit ; producing no 
gain beyond the labor, expenses, and interest of capital. 
2. Producing no improvement or advantage ; useless ; 
serving no purpose. 3. Not useful to others. 4. Misim- 
proving talents ; bringing no glory to God. — Matt., xxvi 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of producing no 
profit or good ; uselessness ; inutility. — Addison. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLY, adv. 1. Without profit ; without clear 
gain. 2. Without any good effect or advantage ; to no 
good purpose. 

UN-PROF'IT-ED, a. Not having profit or gain.— Shah. 

UN-PROGRESSIVE, a. Not advancing. 

UN-PRO-HIB'IT-ED, a. Not prohibited ; not forbid ; law- 
ful. 

UN-PRO-JE€T'ED, a. Not planned ; not projected. 

UN-PRO-LIF'IG, a. 1. Not prolific ; barren ; not producing 
young or fruit. 2. Not producing in abundance. 

UN-PROM'I-NENT, a. Not prominent. 

UN-PROM'IS-ING, a. Not promising; not affording a favor- 
able prospect of success, of excellence, of profit, &c. 

UN-PROMPTED, a. 1. Not prompted; not dictated. 2. 
Not excited or instigated. 

UN-PRO-NOUNCE'A-BLE, a. That can not be pronounced. 

UN-PRO-NOUNCED' (-pro-nounstf), a. Not pronounced ; not 
uttered. 

UN-PROP', v. t. To remove a prop from; to deprive of 
support. 

\ UN-PROP'ER, a. Not fit or proper ; improper. 

t UN-PROP'ER-LY, adv. Unfitly. See Improperly. 

UN-PRO-PHET'IG, \ a. Not foreseeing or not predicting 

UN-PRO-PHET'IC-AL, 5 future events. 

UN-PROFH'ET-LlKE, a. Not like a prophet 

UN-PRO-Pl"TIOUS (-pish'us), a. Not propitious ; not favor- 
able ; not disposed to promote ; inauspicious.— Pope. 

UN-PRO-Pl"TIOUS-LY, adv. Unfavorably; unkindly. 

UN-PRO-Pl"TIOUS-NESS (-pro-pish'us-nes), n. State or 
quality of being unpropitious. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Wanting due proportion. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLY, adv. Not in due proportion. 

UN-PRO-PoRTION-ATE, a. Wanting proportion ; dispro- 
portionate ; unfit. 

UN-PRO-P5RTION ED, a. Not proportioned ; not suitable. 

UN-PRO-P5SED', a. Not proposed ; not offered. — Drydcn. 

UN-PROPPED^ (-proptf), a. Not propped ; not supported. 

UN-PROS'E-LY-TED, a. Not made a convert. — W. Scott. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS, a. Not prosperous; not attended with 
success ; unfortunate. — Pope. 

UN-PROSTER-OUS-LY, adv. Unsuccessfully ; unfortunate- 
ly. — Taylor. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, v.. Want of success ; failure of 
the desired result. — Hammond. 

UN-PROS'TI-TU-TED, a. Not prostituted ; not debased. 

UN-PRO-TECT'ED, a. 1. Not protected; not defended.— 
Hooker. 2. Not countenanced ; not supported. 

UN-PRO-TECT'ED-LY, adv. Without being protected. 

UN-PRO-TEGTTNG, a. Not protecting ; not defending. 

UN-PRO-TRAGTED, a. Not protracted ; not drawn out in 
length. 

UN-PROVED', a. 1. Not proved; not known by trial. 2. 
Not established as true by argument or evidence. 

UN-PRO- VIDE', v. t. To unfurnish ; to divest or strip of 
qualifications. — Southern. 

UN-PRO-VlD'ED, pp. 1. Divested of qualifications. 2. a. 
Not provided ; unfurnished ; unsupplied. — Dry den. 

f UN-PRO VI-DENT, a. Improvident. 

UN-PRO- Vf'SIONED (-pro-vizh'und), a. Not furnished with 
provisions. 

UN-PRO- VoKED' (-pro-vokf), a. 1. Not provoked ; not in- 
cited. 2. Not proceeding from provocation or just cause. 

UN-PRO-VoK'ING, a. Giving no provocation or offense. 

UN-PRO-VoK'ING-LY, adv. Without giving provocation. 

r UN-PRU-DEN'TIA L, a. Imprudent.— Milton . 

UN-PRuNED', a. Not pruned ; not lopped.— Shah. 

UN-PUB'LI€, a. Not public ; private ; not generally seen 
or known. — Taylor. 

UN-PUB'LISHED (-publisht), a. 1. Not made public ; se- 
cret; private. 2. Not published, as a manuscript or book. 
— Pope. 

UN-PUN€'TU-AL, a. Not punctual ; not exact in time.— 
Pope 

UN-PUNG-Ti/-AL'I-TY, n. Want of punctuality. 

UN-PUNC'TU-AL-LY, adv. Not punctually. 

UN-PUNCTU-A-TED, a. Not punctuated ; not pointed. 



UN-PUN'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may not be punish ed.— Milton 

UN-PUN'ISHED (-pun'isht), a. Not punished ; suffered U 
pass without punishment or with impunity.— Dryden. 

UN-PUN'ISH-ING, a. Not punishing. 

UN-PUR'CHAS-A-BLE, a. That can not be bought.— Adams 

UN-PUR'CHASED (-pur'chast), a. Not purchased ; no4 
bought. 

t UN-PuRE', a. Not pure ; impure. See Impure. 

UN-PURgED', a. Not purged ; unpurified.— Milton. 

UN-PU'RI-FIED, a. 1. Not purified ; not freed from iou, 
matter. 2. Not cleansed from sin ; unsanctified. 

UN-PURPOSED (-pur'pust), a. Not intended ; not designed 

UN-PURSED' (-purstO, a. Robbed of a purse.— Pollok. 

UN-PUR-StJED', a. Not pursued ; not followed ; not pros- 
ecuted. — Miltoii. 

UN-Pu'TRE-FlED, a. Not putrefied ; not corrupted. 

UN-QUAFFED' (-kwaftO, a. Not quaffed; not drank. 
Byron. 

UN-QU1IL'1NG, a. Not failing ; not sinking ; firm. 

UN-QUaK'ING, a. Not shaking or trembling.— Wilson. 

UN-QUAL'I-FlED, a. 1. Not qualified ; not fit ; not having 
the requisite talents, abilities, or accomplishments. 2. Not 
having taken the requisite oath or oaths. 3. Not modified 
or restricted by conditions or exceptions. 

UN-QUAL'I-FlED-LY, adv. In a manner so as net to be 
qualified. 

UN-QUAL'I-FlED-NESS, n. Condition of being unqualified 

t UN-QUAL'IFY, v. t. To divest of qualifications. 

UN-QUAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. Divesting of qualifications. 

t UN-QUAL'I-TtED, a. Deprived of the usual faculties. 

t UN-QUAR'REL-A-BLE, a. That can not be impugned. 

UN-QUEEN', v. t. To divest of the dignity of queen. 

UN-QUELL'A-BLE, a. That can not be quelled. 

UN-QUELLED', a. Not quelled ; not subdued.— Thomson. 

UN-QUENCH'A-BLE, a. That can not be quenched ; thai 
will never be extinguished ; inextinguishable. 

UN-QUENCH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be 
ing inextinguishable. — Hakewill. 

UN-QUENCH'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree so as not 
to be quenched. 

UN-QUENCHED' (-kwenchf), a. Not extinguished. —Bacon 

UN-QUES'TION-A-BLE, a. Not to be questioned ; not to be. 
doubted.— Syn. Indubitable ; undeniable ; certain ; indis 
putable ; incontrovertible. 

UN-QUES'TION-A-BLY, adv. Without doubt; indubitably 

UN-QUES'TIONED, a. 1. Not called in question ; not doubt 
ed. 2. Not interrogated ; having no questions asked ; not 
examined. 3. Indisputable ; not to be opposed. 

UN-QUES'TION-ING, a. Not calling in question ; not doubt 
ing; unhesitating. — J. M. Mason. 

UN-QUIGK', a. 1. Not quick ; slow. 2. Not alive ; motion 
less; [obs.] 

UN-QUIGK'ENED (-kwik'nd), a. Not animated ; not ma 
turedto vitality. 

UN-QUl'ET, a. 1. Not quiet ; not calm or tranquil , rest 
less ; uneasy. 2. Agitated ; disturbed by continual motion 
3. Unsatisfied; restless. 

t UN-QUl'ET, v. t. To disquiet.— Herbert. 

UN-QUl'ET-LY, adv. In an unquiet state ; without rest ; in 
an agitated state. — Shak. 

UN-QUl'ET-NESS, n. 1. Want of quiet; want of tranquil- 
lity ; restlessness ; uneasiness. 2. Want of peace, as of a 
nation. 3. Turbulence ; disposition to make trouble or 
excite disturbance. 

t UN-QUl'E-TUDE, n. Uneasiness ; restf >ssness. 

UN-RACKED' (-rakf), a- Not racked ; not poured from the 
lees. 

UN-RaISED', a. Not elevated or raised. — Coleridge. 

UN-RaILED' (-rakf), a. 1. Not raked. 2. Not raked to 
gether ; not raked up as fire.— Shak. 

UN-RaNgED', a. Not ranged ; not reduced to rank or 
order. 

UN-RAN'SAGKED, a, 1. Not ransacked ; not searched. 2 
Not pillaged.— Knolles. 

UN-RAN'S6MED, a. Not ransomed ; not liberated from 
captivity or bondage by payment for liberty. 

UN-RASH', a. Not rash ; not presumptuous. — Clarendon 

UN-RAV'AgED, a. Not wasted or destroyed. — Burke. 

UN-RAVEL, v. t. 1. To disentangle or extricate ; to disen 
gage or separate threads that are knit. 2. To free ; to clear 
from complication or difficulty. 3. To separate connect- 
ed or united parts ; to throw into disorder. 4. To unfold 
or develop, as the plot or intrigue of a play. 

UN- RAVEL, v. i. To be unfolded ; to be disentangled. 

UN-RAVEL-A-BLE, a. That can not be disentangled. 

UN-RAVELED, pp. Unfolded; disentangled. 

UN-RAVEL-ING, ppr. Disentangling; unfolding; clearing 
from difficulty. 

UN-RAVEL-MENT, n. The development of the plot in a 
play. 

UN-Ra'ZORED, a. Unshaven.— Milton. 

UN-ReACHED' (-rechf), a. Not reached ; not attained to. 

UN-RE AD' (un-red'), a. 1. Not read; not recited; not pe 



8cz Synopsis, a, e, I, <fec, long.-l, E, I. &c. short.— FSR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY — MARINE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BQQK. 



UNR 



1089 



UNR 



iused. — Drydzn. 2. Untaught; not learned in books. — 
Dry den. 

[fN-ltKAD'A-BLE, a. Not legible : that can not be read. 

UN-ReAD'I-LY. ado. Not promptly ; not cheerfully.- Mil- 
ford. 

UN-ReAD'I-NFSS (un-red'e-nes). n. Want of readiness ; 
want of promptness or dexterity. 2. Want of prepara- 
tion. 

UN-Re AD'Y (un-red'e), a. 1. Not ready; not prepared; not 
fit. _2. Not prompt; not quick. 3. Awkward; ungainly. 

UN-Re'A L, a. Not real ; not substantial ; having appearance 
only.— Milton. 

UN-RE-AL'F-TY. v. Want of reality or real existence. 

UN-Re'A L-IZ-ING, a. Not realizing. 

UN-ReAPED' (-reept'), a. Not reaped ; as, unrcaped wheat. 

UN-ReA'SON (-re'zn), n. Want of reason. 

UN-ReA'SON-A-BLE, a. 1. Not agreeable to reason. 2. 
Exceeding the bounds of reason ; "claiming or insisting on 
more than is lit. 3. Immoderate ; exorbitant. 4. Irra- 
tional. 

UN-Re A'SON-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Inconsistency with rea- 
son. 2. Exorbitance ; excess of demand, claim, passion, 
and the like. 

UN-RE A'SON-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner contrary to rea- 
son._ 2. Excessively ; immoderately ; more than enoueh. 

UN-ReA'SONED, a. 1. Not reasoned. -Burke. 2. Not de- 
rived from reasoning. — Chalmers. 

UN-RkA'SON-ING, a. Not reasoning ; not having reasoning 
faculties. — Everett. 

UN-RE AVE', v. t. 1. To unwind; to disentangle; to loose. 
2. Not to rive; not to tear asunder ; not to unroof; [obs.] 

UN-RE-BaT'ED. a. Not blunted.— Hakewill. 

UN-RE-BuK'A-BLE, a. Not deserving rebuke ; not obnox- 
ious to censure. — 1 Tim., vi. 

UN-RE-BOK'A-BLY, adv. Not rebukably. 

UN-RE-BuKED' (-bukf), a. Not rebuked. 

UN-RE-€ANTED, a. Not retracted. 

UN-RE-CkIVED', a. 1. Not received; not taken. 2. Not 
eome into possession. 3. Not adopted ; not embraced. 

UN-RE€K'ONED, a. Not reckoned or enumerated. 

UN-RE-€LaIM'A-BLE, a. That can not be reclaimed, re- 
formed, or domesticated. 

UN-RE-€LaIM'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be reclaimable. 

UN-RE-€LaIMED\ a. 1. Not reclaimed; not brought to a 
domestic state ; not tamed. 2. Not reformed ; not called 
back from vice to virtue. 

UN-RE-€LaIM'ING. a. Not reclaiming. 

UN-RE-€LlN'lNG. a. Not reclining or resting. 

UN-RE-€OG'N!-ZA-BLE, a. That can not be recognized.— 
Coleridge. See * Recognizable. 

jN-RE€'OG-NIZED. a. Not acknowledged or known. 

CN-RE€'OM-PENS£D (-rek'om-penst), a. Not recompensed; 
not rewarded. 

UN-RE€-ON-CTL'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be reconciled ; 
that can not be made consistent with. 2. Not reconcila- 
ble ; not capable of being appeased ; implacable. 3. That 
can not be persuaded to lay aside enmity or opposition, 
and to become friend'y or favorable. 

IN-RE€-ON-CiL'A-BL Y, adv. So as not to be reconcilable. 

UN-RE€'ON-CILED, a. 1. Not reconciled ; not made con- 
sistent. 2. Not appeased ; not having become favorable. 
-3. In a theoloskal sense, not having laid aside opposition 
and enmitv to God. 

UN-RE-€ORD'ED, a. 1. Not recorded ; not registered. 2. 
Not kept in remembrance by public monuments. 

UN-RE-€OUNT'ED, a. Not recounted; not told; not re- 
lated or recited. — S/iak. 

UN-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLE (re-kuv'er-a-bl), a. 1. That can not 
be recovered ; past recovery. 2. That can not be re- 
gain', d. 

UN-RE-€6V'ERED (-re-kuv'erd), a. 1. Not recovered ; not 
recalled into possession ; not regained. 2. Not restored to 
health. 

»UN-RE-€RuITA-BLE, a. 1. That can not be recruited. 
2. Incapable of recruitiug. — Milton. 

(JN-RE€T'-Fl ED, a. Not rectified ; not corrected. 

UN-RE-€UM'BENT, a. Not reclining or reposing. 

r UN-RE-€i:R'ING, a. That can not be cured.— Shah. 

UN-RE-€UR'RING, a. Not recurrinar. 

UN-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. That can not be redeemed. 

tfN-RE-DEEMED', a. 1. Not redeemed ; not ransomed. 2. 
Not paid : not called into the treasury or bank by payment 
of the value in money. 

UN-RE-DRESSED' (-re-dresf), a. 1. Not redressed ; not re- 
lieved from injustice. 2. Not removed ; not reformed. 

UN-RE-DtCED' (daste'), a. Not reduced; not lessened in 
size, quantity, or amount. 

UN-RE-DOC'I-RLE. a. Not capable of reduction. — Ash. 

UN-RE-DOC'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being ca- 
pable •»f reduction. — South. 

ITN-REE^EO', a. N-.t reeled, or wound from cocoons. 

tfNRFEYE' (v.n /eev 1 ), v. t. To withdraw or take out a 
rope from ^ block, thimble, &c. See. Unreave. 



UN-RE-FlNED', a. 1. Not refined : not purified ; as. mm 
fined su>rar. 2. Not refined or polished in manners. 

UN-RE-FORM'A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being put into • 
new form. 2. That can not be reformed or amended. 

UN-RE-FORMED', a. 1. Not reformed ; not reclaimed from 
vice. 2. Not amended; not corrected. 3. Not reduced 
to truth and regularity ; not freed from error. 

UN-RE-FRA€TED, a. Not refracted, as rays of light 

UN-RE-FRESHED' (-re-freshf), a. Not refreshed; not re- 
lieved from fatigue ; not cheered. 

UN-RE-FRESH'FUL, a. Not adapted to refresh. 

UN-RE-FRESH'ING, a. Not refreshing; not invigorating; 
not cooling ; not relieving from depression or toil. 

UN-RE-FuS'ING, a. Not rejecting ; not declining to accept 

UN-RE-FOT'ED, a. Not proved to be false. 

UN-RE-GaRD'ED, a. Not regarded; not heeded; not no 
ticed; neglected; slighted. — Swift. 

UN-RE-GaRD'FU L, a. Not giving attention ; heedless ; neg- 
ligent. 

UN-REG XRD'FUL-LY, adv. Not re.?nrdfully. 

UN-RE-GEN'ER-A-CY. 7i. State of being un regenerate. 

UN-RE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Not regenerated ; not renewed in 
heart : remainin«r at enmity with God.— Stephens. 

UN-RE-uEN-ER-a'TION, n. Want of regeneration. — H. 
Martyn. 

UN-REG'fS-TERED, a. Not registered ; not recorded. 

UN-REGRETTED, a. Not lamented. 

UN-REG'U-La-TED, a. Not regulated ; not reduced to ordct 

UN-RE-HeARSED' (un-re-hcrsf). a. Not recited or repeat 
ed, as words. 

UN-REINED', a. Unrestrained ; unbridled.— Milton. 

UN-RE-JOIC'ING, a. Unjoyous ; gloomy; sad.— Thomson. 

UN-RE-JOIO'ING-LY, adv. Unjoyously: gloomily. 

UN-RE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Not rcl*<d by 'blood or affinity. 2. 
Having no connection with. 

UN-REL'A-TlVE. a. Not relative; not relating; having no 
relation to. — Chesterfield. 

UN-REL'A-TlVE-LY, adv. Without relation to. [Rare.] 

UN-RE-LAX'ING, a. Not slackening; not abating in sever 
ity or attention. 

UN-RE-LAX'fNG-LY. ado. Without relaxation. 

UN-RE-LENT'ING, a. 1. Not relenting; having no pity; 
hard ; cruel. 2. Not yielding to pity. 3 Not yielding to 
circumstances; inflexibly rigid.— Syn. Relentless; impla 
cable ; inexorable ; cruel ; hard-hearted : merciless. 

UNRELENTINGLY, adv. Without relenting 

UN-RE-LIe V'A-BLE, a. Admitting of no r Jiefor succor r 
Boyle. 

UN-RE-LIeVED' (-re-leevd'), a, 1. Not relieved ; not eased 
or delivered from pain. 2. Not succored ; not delivered 
from confinement or distress. 3. Not released from duty 

UN-RE-LlG'IOUS (re-lij'us), a. Not religious. 

UN-RE-LU€T'ANT, a. Not unwilling ; not acting with re- 
pugnance. 

UN-RE-LU€T'ANT-LY, adv. Willingly.— Scott. 

UN-RE-MXRK'A-BLE, a. 1. Not remarkable; not worthy 
of particular notice. 2. Not capable of being observed. 

UN-RE-MXRK'A-BLY. ado. Not remarkably. 

UN-RE-MaRKED' (-re-markf), a. Not remarked; unob 
served. — Melmoth. 

UN-RE-ME'DI-A-BLE,ffl. That can not be cured ., admitting 
no remedy. — Sidney. See Remediable. 

UN-RE-Me'DI-A-BLY, adv. Without remedy. 

UN-RFM'E-DlED. a. Not cured ; not remedied.— Milton. 

UN-RE-MEM'BERED, a. Not remembered : not retained is 
the mind ; not recollected. — Wotton. 

UN-RE-MEM'BER-ING. a. Having no memory.— Dryden. 

t UN-RE-MEM'BRANCE, v. Want of remembrance. 

UN-RE-MlND'ED. a. Not put in mind. 

UN-RE-MLTTED, a. 1. Not remitted; not forgiven. 2. 
Not having a temporary relaxation. 3. Not relaxed ; not 
abated. 

UN-RE-MITTING, a. Not abating ; not relaxing for a tuao : 
incessant ; continued. 

UN-RE-MIT'TING-LY, adv. Without abatement 

UN-RE-MIT'TING-NESS, n. S ite of being unremitting. 

UN-RE-MoV'A-BLE, a. That cau not be removed ; fixed. 

UN-RE-MOVA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of bein^ 
fixed, and not capable of being removed.— Hall. 

UN-RE-MoV'ABLY, adv. In a manner that admits of n» 
removal.— Shak. 

UN-RE-MoVED', a. 1. Not removed ; not taken away. $ 
Not capable of being removed.— Milton. 

UN-RENEWED', a. 1. Not made anew. 2. Not regener 
ated; not born of the Spirit; as, a heart unrenewed. 

UN-RE-NOWNED', a. Not celebrated or eminent.— Fostct 

UN-RE-PaID', a. Not repaid ; not compensated. 

UN-RE-PaIRED', a. Not repaired or mended. 

UN-RE-PF.AL'A-BLE, a. That can not be repealed —Covapz* 

UN-RE-PF:ALED', a. Not repealed; not revoked or abn, 
gated ; remaining in force. 

UN-RE-PeATED, a. Not repeated. 

UN-RE-PeATING, a. Not repeating. 



DoVE;— BULL, UNITE ; -AN"GER, VI'CIOUS.— € as K; 
Z z z 



daaJ; SasZ; CH as 3H; TH as in this. \ Obsolete 



UNR 



1090 



UNR 



PN-RE-PENTANCE, n. State of being impenitent. [Rare.] 
UN-RE-PENTANT, la. Not repenting; not penitent; not 
IJN-RE-PENTING, j contrite for sin.— Dryden. 
UN-REPENTED, a. Not repented of.— Hooker. 
UN-RE-PEN TING-LY, adv. Without repentance. 
UN-RE-PlN'ING, a. Not repining ; not peevishly murmur- 
ing or complaining. — Roice. 
PN-RE-PlN'lNG-LY, adv. Without peevish complaints. 
»IN-RE-PLEN'1SH.ED (-plen'isht), a. Not replenished ; not 

filled ; not adequately supplied. — Boyle. 
ON-RE-PoRT'ED, a. Not reported. 
UN-RE-PoSED'. a Not reposed. 
UN-REP-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not represented ; having no one 

to act in one's stead. 
UN-RE-PRESSED' (-presf), a. Not crushed ; not subdued. 
UN-RE-PRESS'I-BLE. a. That can not be repressed. 
UN-RE-PRIkV'A-BLE, a. That can not be reprieved or res- 
pited from, death. 
UN-RE-PRIeVED', a. Not reprieved ; not respited. 
UN-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being unre- 

proachable. 
UN-RE-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be reproachable. 
UN-RE-PROACHED' (-re-procht'), a. Not upbraided; not 

reproached. 
UN-RE-PRdACH'ING, a. Not upbraiding or reproaching. 
UN-RE-PRoV'A-BLE, a. Not deserving reproof; that can 

not be justly censured. — Col., i. 
UN-RE-PRoVED' (re-proovd'), a. 1. Not reproved ; not 
censured. — Sandys. 2. Not liable to reproof or blame. — 
Milton. 
ON-RE-PUG'NANT, a. Not repugnant; not opposite.— 

Hooker. 
UN-REP'U-TA-BLE, a. Not reputable. 
UN-RE TO-TA-BLY, adv. Disreputably. 
UN-RE-QUESTED, a. Not requested ; not asked.— Knolles. 
;UN-RE-QUiRED', a. Not demanded ; not needed. 
UNRE-QUiTA-BLE, a. Not to be retaliated. 
UN-RE-QUlTED, a. Not requited ; not recompensed. 
UN-RES'€uED, a. Not rescued ; not delivered.— Pollok. 
UN-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not resented ; not regarded with anger. 
UN-RESENTING, a. Not regarding with anger. 
UN-RE-SERVE', n. Absence of reserve ; frankness ; free- 
dom of communication.— WarCon. 
UN-RE-SERVED', a. 1. Not reserved ; not retained when 
a part is granted. 2. Not limited ; not withheld in part ; 
full ; entire. 3. Open ; frank ; concealing or withholding 
nothing ; free. 
UN-RE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. 1. Without limitation or reser- 
. vation. 2. With open disclosure ; frankly ; without con- 
cealment. 
UN-RE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; openness ; free- 
dom ofcommunication ; unlimitedness. — Pope. 
UN-RE-SiGNED' (-re-zind'), a. 1. Not given up ; not sur- 
rendered. 2. Not submissive to God's will. 
UN-R.E-S1STED (re-zist'ed), a. 1. Not resisted ; not op- 
posed. 2. Resistless ; such as can not be successfully op- 
posed. — Pope. 
UN-RE-SISTI-BLE, a. Irresistible.— Temple. 
UN-RE-SI STING, a. 1. Not making resistance ; yielding to 
physical force, or to persuasion. 2. Submissive ; humble. 
UN-RE-SISTING-LY, adv. Without resistance. 
UN-RE-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That can not be solved or resolved. 
UN-RE-SOLVED', a. 1. Not resolved ; not determined.— 

Shak. 2. Not solved ; not cleared. — Locke. 
UN-RE-SOLV'ED-NESS, n. State of being undetermined ; 

irresolution. 
UN-RESOLVING, a. Not resolving; undetermined. 
f UN-RE-SPECTA-BLE, a. Not respectable.— Malone. 
UN-RE-SPECTED, a. Not respected ; not regarded with 

respect. — Shak. 
t UN-RE-SPE€T'TVE, a. Inattentive ; taking little notice. 
UN-RE-SPiR'A-BLE, a. That can not be breathed. 
UN-RES'PIT-ED, a. 1. Not respited. 2. Admitting no pause 

or intermission. — Milton. 
UN-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not answerable ; not liable. 2. 
Not able to answer ; not having the property to respond. 
UN-RE-SPONS'iVE, a. Not responsive. 
UN-REST', n. Unquietness ; uneasiness. — Wotton. [Rare.] 
UN RESTED, a. Not rested ; not laid on for support. — E. 

Irving. 
UN-REST'ING. a. Not restins ; continually in motion. 
IIN-RESTING-LY, adv. Without rest. 
UN-RE-SToRED', a. 1. Not restored; not having recov- 
ered health. 2. Not restored to a former place, to favor, 
or to a former condition. 
UN-RE-STRaIN'A-BLE, a. That ean not be restrained. 
UN-RE-STRaINED', a. 1. Not restrained ; not controlled ; 
not confined ; not hindered. 2. Licentious ; loose. 3. 
Not limited. 
TJN-RE-STRaINT, n. Freedom from restraint. 
UN-RE-STRICTED, a. Not restricted ; not limited. 
VN-RE-TRACTED, a. Not retracted ; not recalled. 
UN-RE-TRACTILE, a. That can not be withdrawn. 



UN-RE-TURNED', a. Not returned. 
UN-RE-VeALED', a. Not revealed ; not discovered. 
UN-RE-VeAL'ED-NESS, n. State of being unrevealed.- 

Baxter. 
UN-RE-VEN6ED', a. 1. Not revenged. 2. Not vindicated 

by just punishment. — Addison. 
UN-RE-VENGE'FUL, a. Not disposed to revenge 
UN-RE-VEN(iE'FUL-LY, adv. Without revenge. 
UN-REV'E-NuED, a. Not furnished with a revenue. 
UN-RE-VeRED', a. Not revered. 
UN-REV'ER-ENCED (-enst), a. Not reverenced. 
UN-REV'ER-END, a. 1. Not reverend. 2. Disrespectlw 

irreverent. — Shak. 
UN-REV'ER-ENT, a. Irreverent. 
UN-REV'ER-ENT-LY, adv. Irreverently, which see. 
UN-RE- VERSED' (-re-versf), a. Not reversed ; not annuliee 

by a counter decision. 
UN-RE- VERTED, a. Not reversed; not turned back.- 

Wordsworth. 
UN-RE-VlSED', a. Not revised; not reviewed; not cor- 
rected. _ 
UN-RE- VlVED', a. Not revived ; not recalled into life. 
UN-RE- VoKED' (-re-vokf), a. Not revoked ; net recalled : 

not annulled. — Milton. 
UN-RE-VVARD'ED, a. Not rewarded ; not compensated. 
UN-RE-WARD'ING, a. Not recompensing. 
UN-RHE-TOR'IC-AL (-re-tor'ik-al), a. Not rhetorical. 
UN-RHE-TOR'I€-AL-LY, adv. Not in a rhetorical mannei 
UN-RHYMED' (-rimd'), a. Not put into rhyme.— Ed. Res 
UN-RID'DEN, a. Not ridden. 

UN-RID'DLE, v. t. 1. To solve or explain. 2. To explain 
UN-RID'DLED, pp. Explained: interpreted. 
UN-RID'DLER, n. One who explains an enigma. 
UN-RID'DLING, ppr. Solving; explaining. 
UN-Rj-DIC'U-LOUS, a. Not ridiculous. 
UN-Rl'FLED, a. Not rifled ; not robbed ; not stripped. 
UN-RIG', v. t. To strip of both standing and running rig 

ging ; as, to unrig a ship. — Totten. 
UN-RIGGED', pp. Stripped of rigging. 
UN-RIG'GING, ppr. Stripping of rigging, 
t UN-RlGHT (un-rite'), a. Not right ; wrong. 
UN-RlGHT'EOUS (un-ri'chus), a. [Sax. unrihtwis.] 1. Nol 
righteous ; not just ; not confoi-med in heart and life to 
the Divine law ; evil; wicked. 2. Unjust; contrary to law 
and equity. 
UN-Rl'GHT'EOUS-LY (un-ri'chus-le), adv. Unjustly ; wick 

edly; sinfully. — Dryden. 
UN-RlGHT'EOUS-NESS (un-ri'chus-nes), n. Injustice; a 
violation of the Divine law, or of the plain principles of 
iustice and equity ; wickedness. 
UNRIGHTFUL, a. Not rightful ; not just.— Shak. 
UN-lllGHTFUL-LY, adv. Wrongfully. 
UN-RlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. State of being unrightful. 
UN-RING', v. t. To deprive of a ring or of rings" — Hadibrti* 
UN-RING'ING, ppr. Depriving of a ring or rings. 
t UN-Rl'OT-ED, a. Free from rioting.— May. 
UN-RIP', v. t. To rip. — Bacon. [This word is unnecessary, 

the idea being expressed by rip.] 
UN-RlPE', a. 1. Not ripe ; not mature ; not brought to a 
state of perfection. 2. Not seasonable ; not yet proper 
3. Not prepared ; not completed. 4. Too early ; [unusual] 
UN-RlP'ENED, a. Not ripened ; not matured.— Addison. 
UN-RlPE'NESS, n. Want of ripeness ; immaturity. 
UN-RIS'EN (un-riz'n), a. Not risen.— Neele. 
UN-Rl'VALED, a. 1. Having no rival ; having no compet- 
itor. — Pope. 2. Having no equal ; peerless. 
UN-RIVET, v. t. To loose from rivets ; to unfasten. 
UN-R1VET-ED, pp. Loosed from rivets ; unfastened. 
UN-R1_V'ET-ING, ppr. Unfastening ; loosing from rivets. 
UN-RoBE', v. t. To strip of a robe ; to undress ; to disrob* 
UN-RoBED', pp. Undressed ; disrobed. 
UN-RoB'ING, ppr. Divesting of robes ; undressing. 
UN-ROILED', a. Not rendered turbid ; not disturbed it 

mind. 
.UN-RoLL', v.t. 1. To open what is rolled or convolved. 2 

To display. — Dryden. 
UN-RoLLED'. pp. Opened, as a roll ; displayed. 
UN-Rf)LL'ING, ppr. Opening, as a roll ; displaving. 
UN-Ro'MAN-IZED, a. 1. Not subjected to Roman arms or 
customs.— Whitaker. 2. Not subjected to the principle* 
or usages of the Roman Catholic Church. 
UN-RO-M ANTIC, a. Not romantic ; not fanciful. 
UN-RO-MAN'TIC-AL-LY, adv. Not romantically. 
UN-ROOF', v. t. To strip off the roof or covering of a bou*- 
UN-ROOFED' (-rooff). pp. Stripped of the roof. 
UN-ROOF'ING. ppr. Stripping of the roof. 
UN-ROOSTED, a. Driven from the roost.— Shak. 
UN-ROOT', v. t. To tear up by the roots ; to extirpate ; tr 

eradicate. — Dryden. 
UN-ROOT', v. i. To be torn up by the roots. 
UN-ROOTED, pp. Extirpated ; torn up by the roots. 
UN-ROOTJNG, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; extirpating 
UN-R6UGH' (un-rulP), a. Not rough ; unbearded ; smooth 



See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— X, % I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARtNE BIRD .- -M'WE, BOOK 



UNS 



1091 



UNS 



UN-ROUNDED, a. Not made round.— Donne. 
UN-ROUT ED, a. Not routed ; not thrown into disorder. 
UN-ROY'AL, a. Not royal ; unprincely. — Sidney. 
UN-ROY'AL-LY, a. Not like a king ; not becoming a king. 

— It. Potter. 
UN-RUF'FLE (ruf'fl), v. i. To cease from being ruffled or 

agitated ; to subside to smoothness. — Addison. 
UN-RUF'FLED, a. 1. Calm ; tranquil ; not agitated.— Ad- 
dison. 2. Not disturbed ; not agitated. 
UN-RuL£D'. a. Not ruled ; not governed ; not directed by 

superior power or authority. — Spenser. 
UN-Ru'LI-NESS, n. 1. Disregard of restraint; licentious- 
ness ; turbulence. 2. The disposition of a beast to break 
over fences and wander from an inclosure. 
UN-Ru'LY, a. 1. Disregarding restraint; disposed to vio- 
late laws. 2. Accustomed to break over fences and es- 
cape from inclosures ; apt to break or leap fences.— Syn. 
Ungovernable ; refractory ; turbulent ; licentious ; tu- 
multuous. _ 
UN-Rl"M1-Na-TED, a. Not well chewed ; not well digested. 

— Boling broke. 
UN-RUMTLE, v. t. To free from rumples ; to spread or lay 

even. — Addison. 
UN-RUM'PLED, pp. Freed from rumples. 
UN-SAB'BATH-LlKE, a. Not according to usage on the 

Sabbath. 
UN-SADDEN (un-sad'n), v. L To relieve from sadness. 
UN-SADDENED, pp. Relieved from sadness. 
UN SAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Relieving from sadness. 
UN-SAD'DLE (-sad'dl), v. t. To strip of a saddle ; to tike 

the saddle from. 
UN-SAD'DLED, pp. 1. Divested of the saddle. 2. a. Not 

saddled ; not having a saddle on. 
UN-SaFE', a. 1. Not safe ; not free from danger ; exposed 

to harm or destruction.— Dryden. 2. Hazardous. 
UN-SaFE'LY, adv. Not safely ; not without danger ; in a 

state exposed to loss, harm, or destruction. 
UN-S aFE'NESS, n. State of being unsafe.— Willis. 
UN-SaFE'TY, n. State of being unsafe ; exposure to dan- 
ger. — Bacon. 
UN-SAID' (un-sed'), pp. or a. Not said ; not spoken ; not 

uttered. 
UN-SaINT', v. t. To deprive of saintship.— South, 
UN-SaINT'ED, pp. Not sainted. 

UN-SaL'A-BLPJ, a. Not salable ; not in demand ; not meet- 
ing a ready sale ; as, unsalable goods. 
UN-SALTED, a . Not salted ; not pickled ; fresh. 
UN-SA-LuTED, a. Not saluted ; not greeted. 
UN-SANC-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. A state of being unsanctified. 
UN-SANCTI-FTED (-fide), a. 1. Not sanctified ; unholy.— 

Thodey. 2. Not consecrated. 
UN-SANC'TIONED, a. Not sanctioned; not ratified; not 

approved; not authorized. — Walsh. 
UN-SAN DALED, a. Not wearing sandals. 
UN-SaT'ED, a. Not sated ; not satisfied or satiated. 
UN-Sa'TIA-BLE, a. That can not be satisfied, 
t UN-SaTIATE, a. Not satisfied ; insatiate.— M ore. 
UN-SaTIa-TLNG, a. Not satiating.— Tucker. 
UN-S1TTNG, a. Not sating or filling. 
UN SAT-IS-F ACTION, n. Dissatisfaction.— Brown. 
UN-SAT-IS-FA€'TO-RI-LY, adv. So as not to give satisfac- 
tion. 
UN-SAT-IS-FACTO-RI-NESS, n. The quality or state of 

not being satisfactory ; failure to give satisfaction. 
UN-SAT-1S-FACTO-RY, a. 1. Not giving satisfaction; not 

convincingjhe mind. 2. Not giving content. 
UN-SATIS-Fl-A-BLE, a. That can not be satisfied.— Taylor. 
UN-SATIS-FlED, a. 1. Not satisfied ; not having enough ; 
not filled ; not gratified to the full. 2. Not content ; not 
pleased. 3. Not settled in opinion ; not resting in confi- 
dence of the truth of any thing. 4. Not convinced or fully 
persuaded. _ 5. Not fully paid. 
UN-SAT'JS-Fl£D-NESS, n. The state of being not satisfied 

or content. 
UN-SAT1S-FY-ING, a. Not affording full gratification of 
appetite or desire ; not giving content ; not convincing the 
mind. 
UN-SATIS-FY-ING-NES3, n. Incapability of gratifying to 

the fill.— Bp. Taylor. 
UN-SATU-Ra-TED, a. Not saturated ; not supplied to the 

full. 
UN-SaVED', a. Not saved ; not having eternal life. — Pollok. 
UN-Sa'VOR-1-LY, adv. So as to displease or disgust— 

Milton. 
UN-Sa'VOR-I-NESS, n. A bad taste or smell.— Johnson. 
UN-Sa'VOR-Y, a. 1. Tasteless ; having no taste. 2. Having 

a bad taste or smell. 3. Unpleasing ; disgusting. 
UN-SaY', v. t. : pret. and pp. unsaid. To recant or recall what 

has been said; to retract ; to deny something declared. 
UN-SCa'LY, a. Not scaly ; having no scales. — Gay. 
UN-SCANNED', a. Not measured ; not computed.— Shak. 
UN-S€aRED', a. Not scared ; not frightened away. 
UN-SCaRR£D', a. Not marked with scars or wounds. 



UN-SCATHED', a. Uninjured. See * Scath. 
UN-SCATTERED, a. Not scattered; not dispersed; noi 

thrown into confusion. 
UN-SCEPTERED, ) a. Having no sceptre or royal author 
UN-SCEP'TRED. 5 iry ; not crowned as king. 
UN-S€HOL'AR-LY. a. Not suitable to a scholar. 
UN-SCHO-LAS'TIC, a. 1. Not bred to literature.- ZocAe. 

2. Not scholastic. 
UN-SCHOOLED', a. Not taught ; not educated ; illiterate. 

— Hooker. 
UN-SCl-EN-TIF'I€, a. Not scientific ; not according to the 

rules or principles of science. 
UN-SCl-EN-TlF'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner contraiy to 

the rules or principles of science. 
UN-SCINTIL-La-TING, a. Not sparkling; not emitting 

sparks. — J. Barlow. 
UN-SCORCHED' (-skorcht), a. Not scorched ; not affected 

by fire. — S/iak. 
UN-SCo'RI-FlED (-fide), a. Not scorified; not converted 

into dross. 
UN-SCOURED', a. Not scoured ; not cleaned by rubbing 
UN-SCRATCHED' (-skrachf), a. Not scratched ; not torn 

— Shak. 
UN-SCREENED', a. Not screened ; not covered ; not shel- 
tered ; not protected ; not sifted. 
UN-SCREW (-skru'), v. t. To draw the screws from ; to 

loose from screws ; to unfasten. — Burnet. 
UN-SCREWED', pp. Loosed from screws. 
UN-SCREWING, ppr. Drawing the screws from. 
UN-S€RIP'TUR-AL, a. Not agreeable to the Scriptures , 

not warranted by the authority of the Word of God. 
UN-S€RIP'TUR-AL-LY, adv. In a manner not according 

with the Scriptures. 
UN-SCRO'PU-LOUS, a. Not scrupulous ; having no scru- 
ples. 
UN-S€Ru'PU-LOUS-LY, adv. In an unscrupulous manne* 
UN-S€Ru'PU-LOUS-NESS, n. Want of scrupulousness. 
UN-S€Ru'TA-BLE. See Inscrutable. 
UN-SCULP'TCRED, pp. Not engraved. 
UN-S€UTCH'EoN£D (-skuch'und), a. Not honored with » 

coat of arms. 
UN-SeAL', v. t. To break or remove the seal of; to opec 

what is sealed ; as, to unseal a letter. 
UN-SkALED', pp. 1. Opened, as something sealed. 2. a 

Notsealed ; having no seaL or the seal broken. — Shak 
UN-SeAL'1NG, ppr. Breakin the seal of; opening. 
UN-SeAM', v. t. To rip ; to cut open.— Shak. 
UN-SeAMED', pp. Ripped ; cut open. 
UN-S£ARCH'A-BLE (un-serch'a-bl), a. That can not be 
searched or explored ; inscrutable ; hidden ; mysterious 
UN-SeARCH'A-BLE-NESS (un-serch'a-bl-nes). n. The qual- 
ity or state of being unsearchable, or beyond the power 
of man to explore. 
UN-SeARCH'A-BLY (un-serch ably), ado. In a manner so 

as not to be explored. 
UN-SeARCHED' (un-serchf), a. Not searched; not ex- 
plored ; not critically examined. 
UN-SeARCH'ING (un-serch'ing), a. Not searching ; not 

penetrating. 
UN-SeARED', a. Not seared ; not hardened. — Pollok. 
UN-S£A'SON-A-BLE (un-se'zn-a-bl), a. 1. Not seasonable ; 
not being in the proper season or time. 2. Not suited to 
the time or occasion ; unfit ; untimely ; ill-timed. 3. Late ; 
being beyond the usual time. 4. Net agreeable to the time 
of the year. 
UN-SeA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing ^seasonable, ill-timed, or out of the usual time. 
UN-SeA'SON-A-BLY. adv. Not seasonably ; not in due 
time, or not in the usual time ; not in the time best adapt 
ed to success. — Dryden. 
UN-SeA'SONED (un-se'znd), a. 1. Not seasoned ; not ex- 
hausted of the natural juices and hardened for use. 2. No! 
inured ; not accustomed ; not fitted to endure any thing 
by use cr habit. 3. Unformed ; not qualified by use or 
experience. 4. Not salted ; not sprinkled, tilled, or im- 
pregnated with any thing to give relish. 5. Unseason- 
able ; [obs.] 
UN-S£A'f", v. t. To throw from the seat — Cowper. 
UN-SeAT'ED, pp. 1. Thrown from the seat. 2. a. No! 
seated ; having no seat or bottom. 3. Not settled with in- 
habitants. 
UN-SeAT'ING, ppr. Throwing from a seat 
UN-S£A'W6R-THI-NESS, n. The state of not being se» 

worthy. — Kent. 
UN-SeA'WOR-THY, a. Not fit for a voyage; not able to 

sustain the violence of the sea. 
UN-SECONDED, a. 1. Not seconded ; not supported. % 

Not exemplified a second time. — Brovm ; [obs.] 
UN-Se'CRET, a. Not secret ; not close : not trusty.— Shak 
I t UN-Se'€R_ET, v. t. To disclose ; to divulge.— Bacon. 
i UN-SE€-Ta'RI-AN, a. Not sectarian ; not intendeo «s 

adapted to promote a 6ect — Buckham. 
! UN-SECU-LAR, a. Not worldly. 



DOVE ;— BULL, CN1TE ;— AN'GER, \TCIOUS.— € as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CI* as SH : TH as in this, t ObsolcJ* 



UNb 



1092 



ONS 



ffN-SE€U-LAR-lZE, v. t. To detach from secular things ; 
to alienate from the world. — Ch. Obs. 

UN-SE-€uRE', a. Not secure ; not safe ; insecure. [Rare.] 

UNSECURED', a. Not secured. 

UN-SED'EN-TA-RY, a. Not accustomed to sit much.— 
Wordsworth. 

UN-SE-DuCED' (-dJste'), a. Not seduced; not drawn or 
persuaded to deviate from the path of duty. — Milton. 

UN-SEED'ED, a. Not seeded; not sown. — Ash. — Cowper. 

UN-SEEING, a. Wanting the power of vision ; not seeing. 
— Shah. 

f UN-SEEM', v. i. Not to seem.— Shale. 

UN-SEEM'LI-NESS, n. Uncomeliness ; indecency ; inde- 
corum ; impropriety. — Hooker. 

UN-SEEM'LY, a. Not tit or becoming; uncomely; unbe- 
coming; indecent. — Dryden. 
■ UN-SEEM'LY, adv. Indecently; unbecomingly. — Phillips. 

UN-SEEN', a. 1. Not seen; not discovered. 2. Invisible; 
not discoverable. 3. Unskilled ; inexperienced ; [obs.\ 

UN-SElZED'a. 1. Not seized; not apprehended. 2. Not 
possessed ; not taken into possession. — Dryden. 

(JN-SEL'D6M, adv. Not seldom. 

UN-SELECTED, a. Not selected; not separated by 
choice. 

UN-SE-LE€T'ING, a. Not selecting. 

UN-SELF'ISH, a. Not selfish ; not unduly attached to one's 
own interest. — Spectator. 

UN-SELF'ISH-LY, adv. Without selfishness. 

UN-SENS.E D' (-sensf), a. Wanting a distinct meaning ; 
without a certain signification. — Puller. 

f UN-SENS'I-BLE, a. Not sensible ; insensible. 

UN-SENS U-AL-iZ ED, a. Not sensualized. 

UN-SENT", a. Not sent ; not dispatched ; not transmitted. 

UN-SENTIENT (un-sen'shent), a. Not sentient. 

UN-SEN TI-NELED, a. Without a sentinel.— Ed. Rev. 

$ UN-SEP'A-RA-BLE, a. That can not be parted. 

UN-SEP'A-Ra-TED, a. Not separated or parted. — Pope. 

UN-SEP'UL-€HERED >(-kerd), a. Having no grave; un- 

UN-SEP'UL-CHRED 5 buried. 

UN-SEP'UL-TUR£D, a. Unburied. 

UN-SERVED', a. Not served. 

UN-SERViCE-A-BLE, a. Not serviceable ; not bringing 
advantage, use, profit, or convenience ; useless. 

UN-SERV 7 lCE-A-BLE-NE3S, n. The quality or state of 
being useless ; unfitness for use. — Sanderson. 

UN-SERV'lCE-A-BLY, adv. Without use; without advant- 
age. 

UN-SET, a. 1. Not set ; not placed.— Hooker. 2. Not sunk 
below the horizon. 

UN-SETTLE (un-set'tl), v. t. 1. To unfix ; to move or loosen 
from a fixed state ; to unhinge ; to make uncertain or fluc- 
tuating. 2. To move from a place. 3. To overthrow. — 
Syn. Disconcert ; discompose ; disarrange ; displace ; ruf- 
fle ; disorder ; confuse. 

UN-SET'TLE, v. i. To become unfixed.— Shalt. 

UN-SET'TLE D, pp. ]. Uufixed; unhinged; rendered fluc- 
tuating. 2. a. Not settled; not fixed; not determined. 
3. Not established. 4. Not regular ; unequal ; changeable. 
5. Not having a legal settlement in a town or parish. 6. 
Having no fixed place of abode. — Hooker. 7. Not having 
deposited its fecal matter ; turbid. 8. Having no inhabit- 
ants ; not occupied by permanent inhabitants. Belknap. 
— Syn. Undetermined ; undeterminate ; unsteady ; wav- 
ering: fluctuating. 

UN-SETTLE D-NESS, n. 1. The state of being unfixed, 
unsettled, cr undetermined. 2. Irresolution ; fluctuation 
of mind cr opinions. 3. Uncertainty. 4. Want of fixed- 
ness ; fluctuation. 

UN-SETTLE-MENT, n. Unsettled state ; irresolution. 

UN-SETTLING, ppr. Unfixing ; removing from a settled 
state. 

UN-SEVERED, a. Not severed; not parted; not divided. 

UN -SEX', v. t. To deprive of the sex, or to make other- 
wise than the sex commonly is. — Shak. 

UN-SHACK'LE (un-shakl), v. t. To unfetter ; to loose from 
bonds ; to set free from restraint. 

UN-SHA€K'LED, pp. Loosed from shackles or restraint. 

UN-SHA€K'LING, ppr. Liberating from bonds or restraint. 

•UN-SHaD'ED, a. 1. Not shaded ; not overspread with shade 
or darkness. 2. Not clouded ; not having shades in col- 
oring. 

UN-SH AD'oW ED, a. Not clouded ; not darkened. 

i UN-SH a K'A-BLE, a. That can not be shaken.— Shak. 

i UN-SHaKED' (-shakf). for unshaken.— Shak. 
UN-SHaR'EN, a. 1. Not shaken ; not agitated ; not moved ; 
firm ; fixed. 2. Not moved in resolution ; firm ; steady. 
3. Not subject to concussion. 
UN-SHaM£ D', a. Not shamed ; not ashamed ; not abashed. 

— Dryden. 
UN-SHaME'FaCED (-faste), o. Wanting modesty; impu- 
dent. 
^N-SHaMETaCED-NESS, n. Want of modesty; impu- 
dence. — Chalmers. 



UN-SHaP'A-BLE, a. That can not be shaped.— Good. 
UN-SHaPE', v. t. To throw out of form or into disorder 

to confound; to derange.— Shak. [Little used.\ 
UN-SHaP'EN, a. Misshapen; deformed; ugly.— Addison. 
UN-SH aRED', a. Not shared ; not enjoyed in common. 
UN-SHeATHE', v. t. To draw from the sheath or scab 

bard.— Shak. 
UN-SHeATHED', pp. Drawn from the sheath. 
UN-SHeATHTNG, ppr. Drawing from the scabbard. 
UN-SHED', a. Not shed ; not spilt ; as, blood unshed. 
UN-SHEETED, a. Not furnished with sheets. 
UN-SHEL'TER£D, a. Not sheltered ; not screened ; nol 

defended from danger or annoyance. — Decay of Piety. 
UN-SH EL'TER-ING, a. Not protecting ; not defending from 

danger or annoyance. 
UN-SHIELDED, a. Not defended by a shield ; not protect 

ed; exposed.— Dryden. 
UN-SHIFTING, a. Not changing place, position, or expe 

dients. — E. Irving. 
UN-SHIP', v. t. 1. To take out of a ship or other water 

craft. 2. To remove from the place where it is fixed ot 

fitted ; as, to unship the tiller. 
UN-SHIPPED' (-shipf), pp. 1. Removed from a ship or 

from its place. 2. Destitute of a* ship. 
UN-SHOCKED' (-shokf), a. Not shocked; not disgusted, 

not astonished. — Tickel. 
UN-SHOD', a. Not shod ; having no shoes. — Clarendon. 
UN-SHOOK', a. Not shaken ; not agitated. — Pope. 
UN-SHoRN', a. Not shorn ; not sheared ; not clipped. 
UN-SHOT, a. 1. Not hit by shot 2. Not shot; not dis- 
charged, 
t UN-SHOUT, v. t. To retract a shout.— Shak. 
UN-SHOWER.ED', a. Not watered or sprinkled by show 

ers. 
UN-SHRINED', a. Not deposited in a shrine. — SouUiey. 
UN-SHRINK'ING, a. Not shrinking ; not withdrawing from 

danger or toil ; not recoiling. 
UN-SHRUNK', a. Not shrunk ; not contracted, 
t UN-SHUNNA-BLE, a. That can not be shunned; inevl 

table. 
UN-SHUNNED', a. Not shunned ; not avoided. 
UN-SHUT, a. Not shut; open; unclosed. 
UN-SIFTED, a. 1. Not sifted; not separated by a sieve. 

— May. 2. Not critically examined ; untried. 
UN-SlGH'ING (-sl'ing), o. Not sighing.— Byron. 
UN-SlGHT UN-SEEN'. A low phrase, denoting not seeing 

not seen, or not seen repeated.— Hudibras. 
t UN-SIGHTED (-sit'ed), a. Not seen ; invisible.— Shak. 
UN-SlGHTLI-NESS, n. Disagreeableness to the sight; de 

formity; ugliness. — Wiseman. 
UN-SiGHTLY (-sidy), a. Disagreeable to the eye ; ugly 

deformed. 
UN-SIG'NAL-IZED, a. Not signalized or distinguished, 
t UN-SIG-NIF'I-CANT, a. Having no meaning. 
UN-SIG'Nl-FlETJ, a. Not made known by words or signs. 
UN-SIL'VER.ED, a. Not covered with quicksilver.— tire. 
t UN-SIN-CeRE', a. 1. Not sincere ; hypocritical ; insincere 

2. Not genuine ; adulterated. 3. Not sound ; not solid 
t UN-SIN-CER'I-TY, n. Insincerity ; cheat. 
UN-SINEW, v. t. To deprive of strength.— Dryden.. 
UN-SIN'EW-ED (-sin'nude), pp. or a. Deprived of strength 

or force ; weak ; nerveless. — Shak. 
UN-SIN'EW-ING, ppr. Depriving of strength ; enfeebling. 
UN-SIN6 ED', a. Not singed ; not scorched. — Brown. 
UN-SIN"GLED, a. Not singled; not separated.— Dryden. 
UN-SINK'ING, a. Not sinking ; not failing. 
UN-SIN'NING, a. Committing no sin ; impeccable ; un- 
tainted with sin. — Rogers. 
UN-SlZ'A-BLE, a. Not being of the proper size, magnitude, 

or bulk. — Smollett. 
UNSIZED', a. Not sized or stiffened ; as, unsized paper. 
UNSKILLED', a. 1. Wanting skill; destitute of readiness 

or dexterity in performance. 2. Destitute of practical 

knowledge. 
UN-SKILL'FUL, a. Not skillful; wanting the knowledge 

and dexterity which are acquired by observation, use, and 

experience. 
UN-SKILL'FUL-LY, adv. Without skill, knowledge, or dex 

terity ; clumsily. — Shak. 
UN-SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. Want of art or knowledge, 

want of that readiness in action or execution which is 

acquired by use, experience, and observation. 
UN-SLACKED' (-slakf), a. Not saturated with water. 
UN-SLACK'EN-ED, a. Not relaxed ; not made more slack 
UN-SLaIN', a. Not slain ; not killed.— Dryden. 
UN-SLaK£D' (slaktO, a. Not slaked; unquenched. 
UN-SLEEP'ING, a. Not sleeping; ever wakeful. 
UN-SLING', v. t. In seamen's language, to take off the slings 

of a yard, a cask, &c. ; to release from the slings. 
UN-SLIP'PING, a. Not slipping; not liable to slip. 
t UN-SLoW (-slo'), a. Not slow. 
UN-SLUM'BER-ING, a. Never sleeping or slumbering ; al 

ways watching or vigilant. — Thodey. 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— X, e, I, &c. short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



UNS 



1093 



UNS 



UN-SMIRCHED' (-smurchf), a. Not stained ; not soiled or 

blacked. 
UN-SMiRK'ING a. Not smirkin?.— Chesterfield. 
UN-SMoKED' (-smpktf), a. 1. Not smoked; not dried in 

smoke. 2. Not used in smoking, as a pipe. — Swift. 
UN-SMOOTH', a. Not smooth ; not even ; rough.— Apli^n 
\ UN-So'BER, a. Not sober. 

UN-So'CIA-BLE. a. 1. Not suitable to society ; not having 
the qualities which are proper for society, and which ren- 
der it agreeable. 2. Not apt to converse ; not free in con- 
versation ; reserved. 
UN-So'ClA-BLY, adv. 1. Not kindly. 2. With reserve. 
UN-So'CJAL (-so'shal), a. Not adapted to society; not bene- 
ficial to society. — Shcnstone. 
UN-SO€K'ET, v. t. To loose or take from a socket. 
t UN-SOFT, a. Not soft ; hard.— Chaucer. 
\ UN-SOFT, adv. Not with softness.— Spenser. 
UN-SOILED', a. 1. Not soiled; not stained ; unpolluted.— 

Dry den. 2. Not disgraced ; not tainted, as character. 
UN-S<1LD', a. Not sold ; not transferred for a consideration. 
UN-SoL'DIER£D, a. Not having the qualities of a soldier. 
UN-SoL'DIER-LlKE, ) a. [See Soldier.] Unbecoming a 
UN-SoL'DIER-LY, $ soldier.— Broome. 
UN-SO-LIC'IT-ED, a. Not solicited; not requested; un- 
asked. — Halifax. 2. Not asked for. 
UN-SO-LIC'IT-OUS, a. Not solicitous ; not anxious; not 

very desirous. 
UN-SOL'ID, a. 1. Not solid ; not firm ; not substantial. 2. 

Fluid.— Locke. 
UN-SOL V'A-BLE, a. That can not be solved; inexplicable. 
UN-SOLVED', a. Not solved ; not explained.— Watts. 
\ UN-Sl/NA-BLE, a. That can not be sounded. 
UN-SON'SIE, a. Unlucky ; not fortunate ; mischievous ; 

[Scottish.] 
f UN-SOOT', for uv sweet. — Spenser. 
UN-SO-PHIST'IC-a-TED, a. Not adulterated by mixture ; 

not counterfeit ; pure. — Locke. 
UN-SOR'RoWED, a. Not lamented; not bewailed. 
UN-SORT'ED, a. Not separated into sorts ; not distributed 

according to kinds or classes. — Watts. 
UN-SOUGHT (un-sawf), a. 1. Not sought ; not searched 

for._ 2. Had without searching ; as, unsought honor. 
UN-SdUL', v. t. To deprive of mind or understanding. 
UN-S5UL ED', a. Without soul ; without intellectual or vital 

principle. — Spenser. 
UN-SOUND', a. 1. Not sound ; defective. 2. Infirm ; sickly. 
3. Not orthodox ; defective. 4. Not sound in character ; 
not honest: not faithful ; not to be trusted ; defective ; de- 
• ceitful. 5. Not true ; not solid : not real ; not substantial. 
6. Not close ; not compact. 7. Not sincere ; not faithful. 
g. Not solid; not material. 9. Erroneous; wrong; deceit- 
fui; sophistical. 10. Not strong. 11. Not fast : not calm. 
12. Not well established ; defective ; questionable. 
UN-SOUND'ED, a. Not sounded ; not tried with the lead. 
UN-SOUND'LY, adv. Not with soundness. 
UN-SOUNDNESS, n. 1. Defectiveness. 2. Defectiveness 
of faith ; want of orthodoxy. 3. Corruptness ; want of 
solidity. 4. Defectiveness. 5. Infirmity ; weakness, as 
of body. 
UN-SOURED', a. 1. Not made sour.— Bacon. 2. Not made 

morose or crabbed.— Dry den. 
UN-SdWED', ) a. 1. Not sown; not sowed. 2. Not scat- 
UN-SoWN', ) tered on land for seed. 3. Not propagated 

by seed scattered. 
UN-SPaRED', a. Not spared.— Milton. 
UN-SPaR'ING. a. 1. Not parsimonious; liberal; profuse. — 

Milton. 2. Not merciful or forgiving. — Milton. 
UN-SPaR'INGLY. adv. In abundance ; lavishly. 
UN-SPaR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being liberal or pro- 
fuse.— Mhford. 
UN-SPXRK'LING, a. Not emitting sparks ; not glittering. — 

Wilson. 
UN-SPf.AK' (-speek'), v. t. To recant; to retract what has 

been spoken. — Shak. 
UN-SPkAK'A-BLE, a. That can not be uttered; that can 
not be expressed. — Syn. Unutterable; meltable ; inex- 
pressible. 
UN-SPkAK'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that can 

not be expressed : inexpressibly ; unutterably. 
UN-SPeAK'ING, a. Not uttering words. 
UN-SPEC'I-FlED (-spes'e-flde), a. Not specified; not par- 
ticularly mentioned. — Brown. 
UN-SPE'CIOUS (-shus), a. Not specious ; not plausible. 
. UN-SPF.'CIOUS-LY (-spe'shus-le), adv. Not speciously. 
UN-SPEC'U-LA-TIVE, a. Not speculative or theoretical. 
t UN-SPED', a. Not performed ; not dispatched.- Garth. 
UN-SPENT', a. 1. Not spent; not used or wasted. 2. Not 

exhausted. 3. Not having lost its force or impulse. 
UN-SPHeRE', v. t. To remove from its orb. — Shale. 
UN-SPHf.RED', pp. Removed from its orb. 
UN-SPIED', a. 1. Not searched ; not explored.— Milton. 2. 

Not seen ; not discovered.— Ticket. 
UN-SPILT', a. 1. Not spilt ; not shed. 2. Not spoiled ; [obs.] 



UN-SPiR'IT, v. t. To depress in spirits ; to dispirit; to dl» 

hearten. [Little used.] 
UN-SPlR'IT-ED, pp. Dispirited. 

UN-SPlR'IT-U-AL,_a. Not spiritual ; carnal; worldly. 
UN-SPlR'IT-U-AL-lZE, v. t. To deprive of spirituality. 
UN-SPiR'IT-U-AL-iZED, pp. Deprived of spirituality. 
UN-SPlR IT-U-AL-LY. ado. Worldly; carnally. 
UN-SPLIT, a. Not split ; as, unsplit wood. 
UN-SPOILED', a. 1. Not spoiled ; not corrupted ; not ro 
ined ; not rendered useless. 2. Not plundered ; not pil- 
laged. 
UN-SPoK'EN. a. Not spoken or uttered. 
UN-SPoRTS'MAN-LlKE. a. Not like a sportsman. 
UN-SPOTTED, a. 1. Not stained ; free from spot 2. ire* 
from moral stain ; untainted with guilt ; unblemished *, 
immaculate. 
UN -SPOT TED-NESS, n. State of being free from stain or 

guilt. — Feltham. 
UN-SPReAD', a. Not stretched, or extended ; not set and 

furnished with provisions. 
UN-SQUaRED', a. 1. Not made square. 2. Not regular; 

not formed. — Shak. 
UN-SQUIRE', v. t. To divest of the title or privilege of an 

esquire. — Swift. 
UN-STa'BLE, a. [L. instabilis.] 1. Not stable ; not fixed. 
2. Not steady. — Syn. Inconstant ; irresolute ; wavering ; 
changeable ; mutable ; infirm. 
UN-STa'BLE-NESS, n. Instability. 
UN-STaID', a. Not steady ; mutable ; not settled in judg 

mentj volatile ; fickle.— Shak. 
UN-STaID'NESS, n. 1. Unfixed or volatile state or disposi 
tion ; mutability ; fickleness ; indiscretion. 2. Uncertain 
motion ; unsteadiness. — Sidney. 
UN-STaINED', a. 1. Not stained ; not dyed. 2. Not pol 

luted ; not tarnished ; not dishonored. 
UN-ST INCHED' (-stanch f), a. Not stanched ; not stopped, 

as blood. 
UN-STaTE', v. t. To deprive of dignity.— Shak. 
UN-STaTES'MAN-LiKE, a. Not becoming a statesman. 
UN-STa'TIONED, a. Not stationed. 
UN-STAT U-TA-BLE, a. Contrary to statute ; not warranted 

by statute. — Swift. 
UN-STeAD FAST (un-sted'fast), a. 1. Not fixed; not stand- 
ing or bein« firm. 2. Not firmly adhering to a purpose. 
UN-STeAD'FAST-LY (tm-sted fast-le), adv. Not steadfastly. 
UN-STeAD'FAST-NESS (un-sted'fast-nes), n. Want of stead- 
fastness ; instability ; inconstancy. — K. James. 
UN-STeAD IED (un-sted'id), a. Not supported ; not ke^ 

from shaking. 
UN-STeAD'1-LY (un-sted'e-le), adv. 1. Without steadiness; 
in a wavering, vacillating manner. 2. Inconstantly ; in a 
fickle manner. 3. Not in the same manner at dhferent 
times ; variously. 
UN-STeAD'I-NESS (un-sted'e-nes), n. 1. Unstableness ; in- 
constancy ; want of firmness ; irresolution ; mutablenes* 
of opinion or purpose. 2. Frequent change of place 3 
vacillation. 
UN-STeAD'Y (un-sted'e), a. 1. Not steady: not constant-, 
irresolute. 2. Mutable ; variable ; changeable. 3. Noi ad- 
hering constantly to any fixed plan or business. 
UN-STEEPED' (-steepf), a. Not steeped ; not soaked. 
UN-STEP', v. t. To remove, as the bottom of the mast from 

its step. 
UN-STIG'MA-TlZED, a. Not marked with disgrace. 
UN-STIM'U-La-TED, a. Not stimulated ; not excited. 
UN-STIM'U-La-T1NG, a. Not exciting motion or action. 
UN-STING', v. t. To disarm of a sting.— South. 
UN-STING ED', pp. Deprived of its stin?.— Pollok. 
UN-STINTED, a. Not stinted ; not limited.— Skelton. 
UN-STiRRED', a. Not stirred ; not agitated.— Boyle. 
UN-STtR'RING, a. Not moving ; not agitating. 
UN-STITCH', v. t. To open by pickinsTout stitches. 
UN-STITCHED' (-stitchf), a. Not stitched. 
UN-STITCH'ING, ppr. Opening by picking out stitc.u*.. 
UN-STOOP'ING, a. Not stooping ; not bending.— Shak. 
UN-STOP', v. t. 1. To free from a stopple, as a bottle o* 
cask. 2. To free from any obstruction ; to open. — Boyle. 
UN-STOPPED' (stopf), pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not meeting 

any resistance. — Dryden. 
UN-STOP'PING, ppr. Taking out a stopper ; opening ; free 

inz from obstruction. 
UNSToRED', a. 1. Not stored ; not laid up in store ; not 

ware-housed. 2. Not supplied with stores. 
UN-STd'RlED (sto'rid), pp. Not related in story. 
UN-STORMED', a. Not assaulted ; not taken by assault 
UNSTRAINED', a. 1. Not strained. 2. Easy ; not forced , 

natural.— Hakcwill. 
UN-STRaIT'EN£D, a. Not straitened ; not contracted. 
UN-STRAT'I-FlED (-strafe-fide), a. Not stratified; uot 

formed or bein? in strata or layers. — Cleaveland. 
UN-STRENGTH'ENED, a. Not strengthened ; not sup 

ported ; not assisted. — Hooker. 
UN-STRING', v. t. 1. To relax tension ; to loosen. 2. T© 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— - G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z , cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



(JNS 



1094 



UNT 



derive of strings. 3 "^o loose; to untie. 4. To take 
from a string. 

UN-STRINGING, ppr. Depriving of strings ; loosing from 
a string. 

0N-STRU€K'. a. Not sftruck ; not impressed ; not affected. 

UN-STRUNG', pp. Relaxed in tension; loosed ; untied ; 
taken from a string, as beads. 

UN-STUD'lED, a. T. Not studied ; not premeditated.— Dry- 
den. 2. Not labored ; easy ; natural. 

UN-STu'DI-OUS, a. Not studious ; not diligent in study. 

UN-STUFFED' (-stuff), a. Not stuffed ; not crowded. 

UN-STUNG', pp. Not stung. 

UN-SUB-Du£D', a. Not subdued ; not brought into subjec- 
tion ; not conquered. 

UN-SUB'JE€T, a. Not subject; not liable; not obnoxious. 

UN-SUB-JE€T'ED, a. Not subjected ; not subdued. 

UN-SUB-MISS'lVE, a. Not submissive ; disobedient. 

UN-SUB-MISS'lVE-LY, adv. Not submissively. 

UN-SUB-MITT1NG, a. Not submitting ; not obsequious ; 
not readily yielding.— Thomson. 

UN-SUB-OR'DI-Na-TED, a. Not subordinated or reduced 
to subjection. 

UN-SUBORNED', a. Not suborned ; not procured by se- 
cret collusion. — Hume. 

UN-SUB-S€R_lB'ING, a. Not subscribing.— Cotoper. 

UN-SUB'Si-DlZ£D, a. Not engaged in another's service by 
receiving subsidies. 

UN-SUB-STANTIAL, a. 1. Not substantial ; not solid.— 
Milton. 2. Not real ; not having substance. — Addison. 

UN-SUB-STAN'TIAL-lZED, a. Not made substantial. 

UN-SUB-STAN'TIAL-LY, adv. Without solidity or sub- 
stance. 

UN-SUB- YERT'ED, a. Not overthrown ; not entirely de- 
stroyed. 

UN-SU€-CEED'ED, a. Not succeeded ; not followed. 

UN-SU€-CESS'FUL, a. Not successful; not producing the 
desired event ; not fortunate. — Addison. 

UN-SU€-CESS'FUL-LY, adv. Without success ; without a 
favorable issue ; unfortunately. — South. 

UN-SU€-CESS'FUL-NESS, n. Want of success or favora- 
ble issue. 

UN-SU€-CESS1VE, a. Not proceeding by a flux of parts 
or by regular succession. — Hale. 

UN-SU€K£D' (-sukf), a. Not having the breasts drawn. 

UN-SUF'FER-A-BLE, a. Not sufferable ; not to be endured ; 
intolerable. 

UN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be endured. 

UN-SUF'FER-ING, a. Not suffering; not tolerating. 

r UN-SUF-Fi"CIENCE, n. Inability to answer the end. 

t" UN-SUF-FI"CIENT (-suf-fish'ent), a. Not sufficient ; inad- 
equate. 

UN-SUG'AR£D (un-shug'ard), a. Not sweetened with sugar. 
— Bacon. 

UN-SOIT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not suitable ; unfit ; not adapted. 2. 
Unbecom'ng; improper. 

UN-SulT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unfitness; incongruity. 

UN-SuIT'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner unbecoming or im- 
proper. 2. Incongruously. 

UN-SuIT'ED, a. Not suited ; not fitted ; not adapted. 

UN-SuITING, a. Not fitting; not becoming. — Shak. 

UN-SUL'Ll£D, a. 1. Not sullied; not stained; not tar- 
nished. 2. Not disgraced : free from imputation of evil. 

UN-SUL'LlED-LY, adv. Without being sullied. 

UN-SUNG', a. Not sung ; not celebrated in verse ; not re- 
cited in verse. — Addison. 

UN-SUNNED', a. Not having been exposed to the sun. 

UN-SU-PER'FLU OUS, a. Not more than enough. 

UN-SUP-PLANTED. a. Not supplanted; not overthrown 
by secret means or stratagem. 

UN-SUP-PLI'A-BLE. a. Not to be supplied.— Chillingworth. 

UN-SUP-PLl£D', a. Not supplied ; not furnished with 
things necessary.— Dryden. 

UN-SUP-PoRTA-BLE. a. That can not be supported. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Insupportableness. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, adv. Insupportably. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'ED, a. 1. Not supported ; not upheld ; not 

. sustained. 2. Not countenanced ; not assisted. 

UN-SUP-PRESSED' (-sup-presf), a. Not suppressed; not 
subdued : not extinguished. 

UN-SUP'PU-RA-Tl VE, a. Not suppurating. 

UN-SORE' (un-shure'), a. Not fixed ; not certain. 

UN SUR'(iI€-AL. a. Not in a surgical manner ; not accord- 
ing to the principles and rules of surgery. 

UN SUR-MOUNTA-BLE, a. That can not be surmounted 
or overcome; insuperable. — Locke. 

UN SUR-PASSED' (-past'), a. Not surpassed; not exceeded. 

L'N-SUR-REN'DERED, a. Not surrendered ; not yielded 
to others. — Story. 

UN-SUS-CEPTI-BLE-NESS, } , Tr . , ^., t 

UN-SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, \ n - Want of susceptibility. 

UN-SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Not susceptible ; not capable of 
admitting or receiving. — Syn. Unfeeling ; insensible ; cal- 
lous; hard. 



' See Synopsis. I, K, I, <fec, long.—l, e, i, &c. short —FAR, FALL, WHAT —PREY — M/ RiNE, BiRD 



UN-SUS-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. Without susceptibility. 

t UN-SUS-PE€T, for unsuspected. 

UN-SUS-PE€T'ED, a. Not suspected; not considered as 
likely to have done an evil act, or to have a disposition to 
evil. 

UN-SUS-PE€TED-LY, adv. In a manner to avoid suspi- 
cion. 

UN-SUS-PE€T1NG, a. Not imagining that any ill is do 
signed ; free from suspicion. — Pope. 

UN-SUS-PE€T'ING-LY, adv. Without suspicion. 

UN-SUS-PE N D'ED, a. Not hung up ; not delayed ; not held 
undetermined. — Wordsworth. 

UN-SUS-Pl"CJOUS (-sus-pish'us), a. i. Having no suspi- 
cion ; not indulging the imagination of evil in others. 2. 
Not to be suspected. 

UN-SUS-PI"CIOUS-LY, adv. Without suspicion. 

UN-SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not sustainable ; that can not bo 
maintained or supported. 

UN-SUS-TaINED', a. Not sustained; not supported. 

UN-SUS-TIIN'ING, a. Not sustaining. 

UN-SWaTHE', v. t. To take a swathe from; t^ relieve 
from a bandage. — Addison. 

UN-SWaY'A-BLE, a. That can not be swayeu, governed, 
or influenced by another. — Shak. [Little used.) 

UN-SWaYED', a. 1. Not swayed ; not wielded, as a scep- 
tre. 2. Not biased ; not controlled or influenced. 

UN-SWaY'ED-NESS, n. Steadiness; state of being ungov- 
erned by another. — Hales. 

UN-SWEaR', v. t. To rocart or recall an oath.— Spenser. 

t UN-SWeAT (un-swef), v. U To ease or cool after exer 
cise. 

UN-SWEAT'ING (un-swet'ing), a Not sweating. 

UN-SWEET, o. Not sweet.— Spenser. [Little used.] 

UN-SWEPT', a. Not cleaned with a broom; not swept 

UN-SWERVING, a. Not roving; not deviating from any 
rule or standard. 

UN-SWERV1NG-LY, adv. In a firm, undeviating maimer. 

UN-SWoRN', a. Not sworn ; not bound by an oath ; not 
having taken an oath. 

UN-SYM-MET'RIG-AL, a. 1. Wanting symmetry or due 
proportion of parts. — 2. In botany, int symmetrical flowers 
are such as have not the segments of the calyx and corol- 
la, and the sepals and petals, and also the stamens, regular 
and similar. — Lindley. 

UN-SYM-MET'RI€-AL-LY, adv. Not symmetrically. 

UN-SYM'PA-THlZ-ING, a. Not sympathizing. 

UN-SYM'PA-THIZ-ING-LY, adv. Without sympathy. 

UN-SYS-TEM-AT I-G, \a. Not systematic ; not having 

UN-SYS-TEM-AT'I€-AL, } regular order, distribution, or 
arrangement of parts. 

UN-SYS-TEM-AT'I€-AL-LY, adv. Without system. 

UN-SYS'TEM-A-TlZED, ( a. Not systemized ; not ; rranget 

UN-SYS'TEM-iZED, J in due order ; not formed inU 
system. 

UN-TA€K', v. t. To separate what is tacked ; to disjoin ; b 
loosen what is fast. — Milton. 

UN-TaINT'ED, a. 1. Not rendered impure by admixture 
not impregnated with foul matter. 2. Not sullied ; no 
stained ; unblemished. 3. Not rendered unsavory by pu 
trescence. 4. Not charged with a crime ; not accused. 

UN-TaINT'ED-LY, adv. Without spot; without blemish, 
without imputation of crime. 

UN-TaINT'ED-NESS, n. State or quality of being untaint 
ed ; purity. — Hall. 

UN-TaK'EN (un-tak'n), a. 1. Not taken ; not seized ; no? 
apprehended. 2. Not reduced ; not subdued. 3. Noi 
swallowed. 

UN-TaM'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be tamed or domestic- 
ated ; that can not be reclaimed from a wild state. 2 
Not to be subdued or reduced to control. 

UN-TaM'A-BLY, adv. Not tamably. 

UN-TaMED', a. 1. Not reclaimed from wildncss , not do- 
mesticated ; not made familiar with man. 2. Not sub- 
dued ; not brought under control. 3. Not softened or 
rendered mild by culture. 

UN-TAN'Gl-BLY, adv. Intangibly. 

UN-TAN"GLE (-tang'gl). v. t. To disentangle ; to loose from 
tangles or intricacy. — Prior. 

UN-TAN"GL£D (-tang'cld), pp. Disentangled. 

UN-TAN"GLING, ppr. "Disentangling. 

UN-TXR'NISHED (-taVnisht), a. Not soiled ; nottarnishwl 
not stained ; unblemished. 

UN-TXSKED' (un-taskf), a. Not tasked. 

UN-TaST'ED, a. 1. Not tasted ; not tried by the taste or 
ton«ue. 2. Not enjoyed. 

UN-TaSTE'FUL, a. Having no taste ; being without taste 

UN-TaSTE'FUL-LY. adv. Without taste or g iceiulnesi, 
in bad taste.— Br. Rev. 

UN-TaST'1NG, a. Not tasting ; not perceiving by the taste. 
—Smith. _ 

UN-TAUGHT' (un-tawf), a. 1. Not taught ; not instructed, 
not "educated ; unlettered ; illiterate.— Dryden. 2. Un 

skilled ; new ; not having use or practice 

" MOVE. BOOIC 



UNT 



1095 



UNT 



UN-TAXED' (-taksf), a. 1. Not taxed; not charged with 
taxes. 2. Not accused. 

UN-TeACH', v. t. ; pret. and pp. untaught. To cause to for- 
get or loose what has been taught. — Brown. 

UN-TeACH'A-BLE. a. That can not be taught or instruct- 
ed ; indocile. — Milton. 

UN-Te ACH A-BLE-NESS. n. The quality of not readily re- 
ceiving instruction ; indocility. — Scott. 

UN-TEEM'ING, a. Not producing young; barren. 

tUN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Intemperate. 

UN-TEMTERED, a. Not tempered ; not duly mixed for 
use ; not durable or strong. 

UN -TEMPTED, a. Not tempted; not tried by enticements 
or persuasions ; not invited by any thing alluring. 

UN-TEMPTING, a. Not tempting ; not adapted to tempt, 
invite, or allure. — Bacon. 

UN-TEMPT'ING-LY, adv. Not in a tempting manner. 

UN-TEN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not tenable ; that can not be held in 
possession. — Drtjden. 2. That can not be maintained or 
supported ; not defensible. 

UN-TEN' ANT-A-BLE. a. Not fit for an occupant ; not in 
suitable repair or condition for a tenant. 

UN-TEN'ANT-ED, a. Not occupied by a tenant; not in- 
habited. 

UN-TEND'ED, a. Not tended ; not having any attendant. 

UN-TEN'DER, a. 1. Not tender; not soft. 3. Wanting 
sensibility or affection. — Shak. 

UN-TEN D'E RED. a. Not tendered ; not oifered. 

UN-TEN'DER-LY, adv. Without tenderness. 

UN-TENT', v. t. To bring out of a tent.— Shak. [Little used.] 

UN-TENT'ED, a. Not tented ; not having a tent applied. 

UN-TERM'IN-a-TING, a. Not limiting; not ending. 

UN-T£R'RI-Fl£D (-ter're-f ide), a. Not terrified ; not af- 
frighted ; not daunted. — Milton. 

UN-TEST'ED, a. Not tested; not tried by a standard.— 
Adams's Lecture. 

UN-THANKED' (-thankf), a. 1. Not thanked; not repaid 
with acknowledgments. 2. Not received with thankful- 
ness. 

UN-THANKFUL, a. Not thankful; ungrateful; not mak- 
ing acknowledgments for good received. 

UN-THANK'FUL-LY, adv. Without thanks ; without a 
grateful acknowledgment of favors.— Boyle. 

UN-THANK'FUL-NESS, a. Neglect or omission of acknowl- 
edgment for good received ; want of a sense of kindness 
or benefits ; ingratitude. 

UN-THAWED', a. Not thawed; not melted or dissolved, 
as ice or snow. — Pope. 

UN-THE-0-RETT€, \a. Not depending on theory or 

UN-THE-0-RET'I€-AL, 5 speculation ; not speculative.— 
Coleridge. 

UN-THINK', v. t. To dismiss a thought— Shak. 

UN-THINK'ING, a. 1. Not thinking ; not heedful; thought- 
less ; inconsiderate. 2. Not indicating thought or reflec- 
tion. 

UN-THINK'ING-LY, adv. Without reflection ; thought- 
lessly. 

UN-THINK'ING-NESS, n. Want of thought or reflection ; 
habitual thoughtlessness. — Halifax. 

UN-THORN' Y, a. Not thorny ; free from thorns. 

UN-THOUGHT (un-thawf), a. Not supposed to be.— Ben 
Jon son. 

UN-THOUGHT'FUL (un-thawfful), a. Thoughtless ; heed- 
less. 

UN-THOUGHT' OF. Not thought of; not regarded; not 
heeded. 

UN -THREAD' (un-thred 1 ), v. t. To draw or take out a thread 
from. 2. To loose.— Milton. 

UN-THReAD'ED, pp. Deprived of a thread. 

UN-THRE AD'I N G, ppr. Depriving of a thread. 

UN-THREATENED (un-thret'nd), a. Not threatened; not 
menaced. — King Charles. I 

UN-THREAT'EN-ING, a. Not indicating a menace. 

UN'THRIFT, n. A prodigal; one who wastes his estate by 
extravagance. — Drtjden. 

UN-TIIRIFT'l-LY. adv. Without frugality.-- Collier. 

UN-THRIFT'I-NESS. n. Waste of property without neces- 
sity or use ; prodigality; profusion. — Hayward. 

UN-THRiFT'Y, a. 1. Prodigal; lavish; profuse; spending 
propel ty without necessity or use. 2. Not thriving ; not 
gaining property. 3. Not gaining flesh. 4. Not vigorous 
in growth, as a plant. 

UN-THRIVING, a. Not thriving; not prospering in tem- 
poral affairs ; not gaining property. 

UN-THRONE', v. t. To remove from a throne, or from su- 
preme authority ; to dethrone. 

UN-THRoNED', jjp. Removed from a throne ; deposed. 

UN-THRONG ED', a. Not crowded by a multitude. 

UN-Tl'Df-LY, adv. In an untidy manner. 

UN-TI'Dl-NESS. n. 1. Want of tidiness or neatness. 2. 
Unseasonableness. 

UN-Tl'DY. a. 1. Not tidy ; not seasonable ; not ready. 2. 
Not neatly dressed : not in good order. 



UN-TlE', v. t. 1. To loosen, as a knot ; to disengage in* 
parts that form a knot; as, untie the knot. 2. 'Po^unlnnd , 
to free from any fastening. 3. To loosen from coils oi 
convolution. 4 To loose ; to separate something attach- 
ed. _ 5. To resolve ; to unfold ; to clear. 

UN-TlED' (un-tide'), pp. 1. Loosed, as a knot; unbound, 
separated ; resolved. 2. a. Not tied ; not bound or gath 
ered in a knot; loose. 3. Not fastened with a knot A. 
Not held by any tie or band. 

UN-TIL', prep, [un and till. See Till.] 1. To ; [used of 
time.] 2. To; [used of objects; obs.] Spenser. — 3. Pre- 
ceding a sentence or clause, to ; that is, to the event men- 
tioned, or the time of it ; as, until this hour. 4. To the 
point or place of. 5. To the degree that. 

UN-TlLE', v. t. To take the tiles from ; to uncover by re- 
moving tiles. — Swift. 

UN-TlLED', pp. or a. Stripped of tiles ; not tiled. 

UN-TILTNG, ppr. Stripping of tiles. 

UN-TILLED', a. Not tilled ; not cultivated.— Mortimer. 

UN-TIM'BERED, a. 1. Not furnished with timber.— Shak. 
2. Not covered with timber-trees. 

UN-TlME'LY, a. 1. Happening before the usual time. 2. 
Happening before the natural time. — Syn. Premature; 
unseasonable ; inopportune. 

UN-TlME'LY, adv. Before the natural time.— Shak. 

UN-T1N€'TUR£D, a. Not tinctured ; not tinged. 

UN-TlNtiED' (-tinjd'), a. 1. Not tinged ; not stained ; not 
discolored.— Boyle. 2. Not infected.— Swift. 

UN-TlR'A-BLE, a. That can not be wearied ; indefatiga. 
ble^ unwearied. — Shak. 

UN-TlRED', a. Not tired ; not exhausted by labor. 

UN-TiR'ING, a. Not becoming tired or exhausted. 

UN-TIR'ING-LY, adv. ludefatigably. 

UN-TiTHED', a. Not subjected to tithes.— Pollok. 

UN-Tl'TLED, a. Having no title.— Shak. 

t UNTO, prep. A compound of un [on] and to ; of no us« 
in the language, as it expresses no more than to. It if 
found in writers of former times, but is entirely obsolete. 

UN-T6LD', a. 1. Not told ; not related ; not revealed-- 
Dryden. 2. Not numbered ; as, money untold. 

UN-TOMB' (un-toom'), v. t. To disinter.— Fuller. 

UN-TOMBED' (un-tooind'),#p. Disinterred; removed from 
a tomb. 

UN-TOOTH'SOME, a. Not pleasant to the taste. 

UN-TOR-MENT'ED, a. Not put in pain ; not teased. 

UN-TOSSED' (-tost), a. Not tos-:ed. 

UN-T6UCH'A-BLE (-tuch'a-bl), a. Not to be touched. 

UN-TOUCHED' (un-tucht ), a. 1. Not touched ; not reach- 
ed ; not hit. 2. Not moved ; not affected. 3. Not med- 
dled with. 

UN-To'WARD, a. 1. Froward ; perverse ; refractory ; not 
easily guided or taught. 2. Awkward ; ungraceful. 3 
Inconvenient ; troublesome ; unmanageable. 

UN-TO'WARD-LY, adv. In a froward or perverse manner, 
perversely ; ungainly. — Tillotson. 

UN-To'WARD-LY, a. Awkward ; perverse ; froward. 

UN-TG'VVARD-NESS, b. Awkwardness ; frowardness.. 
perverseness. — Bp. Wilson. 

UN-TOW'ER£D, a. Not defended by towers. 

UN-TR1CE'A-BLE, a. That can not be traced. 

UN-TRAC£D'(-tra?te'). a. 1. Not traced ; not followed. 2 
Not marked by footsteps. 3. Not marked out. 

UN-TRA€K£D' (-trakf), a. 1. Not tracked; not marked by 
footsteps. 2. Not followed by the tracks. 

UN-TRA€TA-BLE, a. [L. intraciabilis.) 1. Not tradable, 
not yielding to discipline ; stubborn : indocile ; ungorero 
able. 2. Rough; difficult. 3. Not yielding to the heat oc 
to the hammer, as an ore. 

UN-TRA€TA-BLE-NESS, n. Refractoriness; stubborn 
ness ; unwillingness to be governed, controlled, or man- 
aged^ 

UN-TRaD'ING, a. Not engaged in commerce. 

UN-TRIINED', a. 1. Not trained; not disciplined; not 
skillful. 2. Not educated ; not instructed. 3. Irregular • 
ungovernable. 

UN-TRAM'MELED, a. Not trammeled j not shackled. 

UN-TRAM'PLED. a. Not trod upon. 

UN-TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. That can not be transferred o* 
passed from one to another. 

UN-TRANS-FERRED', a. Not transferred ; not conveyed 
or assisted to another. 

UN-TRANS-FORMED', a. Not metamorphosed ; not trans 
muted. 

UN-TRANS-LaTA-BLE, a. Not capable of being translated 

UN-TRANS-LaTED, a. Not translated or rendered into 
another lantruage. 

UN-TRANS MI-GRa-TED, a. Not transmigrated.- Scott 

UN-'J RANS-MITTED, a. Not transmitted. 

UN-TRANS-MuT'A-BLE, a. That can not be changed into 
a different substance. 

UN TK ANS-PaR'ENT, a. Not transparent ; not diaphanous ; 
opaque : not permeable by light. — Boyle. 

UN-TRANS-PlRED', a. Not having escaped from secrecy. 



DOVE ; -BULL, UNITE •— AN'GER. Vi"C10lS.— € as K , 6 aa J ; S as Z ; ell as SH , TH as in this. * Obsolete 



DNU 



1096 



UNW 



UN-TRANS-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That can not be transported. 
Ed. Rev. 

UN-TRANS PORTED, a. Not transported. 

UN-TRANS-PoSED' (un-trans-pozd'), a. Not transposed; 
having the natural order. — Rambler. 

UN-TRAVELED, a. 1. Not traveled ; not trodden by pas- 
sengers. 2. Having never seen foreign countries. 

UN-TRAVERSED (-erst), a. Not traversed ; not passed 
over. 

UN-TRkAD' (un-tred'). v. t. To tread back ; to go back in 
the same steps. — Shak. 

UN-TRkAS'URED (un-trezh'urd), a. Not treasured; not 
laid up_; not reposited. — Shak. 

I UN-TRkAT'A-RLE, a. Not treatable ; not practicable. 

UN-TREM'BLING, a. Not trembling or shaking; firm; 
steady. — Montgomery. 

UN-TREM'BLlNG-LY, adv. Without trembling ; firmly. 

UN-TRENCHED' (-trenchf), a. Not cut into long hollows. 

UN-TRES'PASS-ING, a. Not violating another's right. 

UN-TRlED' (-tride'), a. 1. Not tried ; not attempted. 2. 
Not yet experienced. 3. Not having passed trial ; not 
heard and determined in law. 

UN-TRIMMED', a. Not trimmed; not pruned; not dress- 
ed ; not put in order. 

UN-TRIT'U-Ra-TED, a. Not reduced to powder by rub- 
bing or grinding. — Journ. Science. 

t UN-TRTUMPH-A-BLE, a. That admits no triumph. 

UNTRi'UMPIIED (-tri'umft). a. Not triumphed over. 

UN-TROD', I a. Not having been trod ; not passed 

UN-TROD'DEN, $ over ; not marked by the feet. 

UN-TROLLED', a. Not trolled ; not rolled along. 

UN-TROUB'LED (un-trubld), a. 1. Not troubled; not dis- 
turbed by care, sorrow, or business; free from trouble. 
2. Not agitated-; not ruffled; not confused; free from 
passion. 3. Not agitated ; not moved. 4. Not disturbed 
or interrupted in the natural course. 5. Not foul ; not 
turbid ; clear. 

fUNTRGUB'LEDNESS, n. State of being free from 
trouble ; unconcern.— Hammond. 

UN-TRuE', a. 1. Not true ; false ; contrary to the fact. 2. 
Not faithful to another ; not fulfilling the duties of a hus- 
band, wife, vassal, &c. ; false ; disloyal. 3. Inconstant, as 
a lover. 

UN-TRO'LY, adv. Not truly ; falsely ; not according to re- 
ality. 

UN-TRUSS', v. t. To untie or unfasten ; to loose from a 
truss ; to let out. — Dryden. 

UN-TRUSSED' (-trust), a. Not trussed ; not tied up. 

UN-TRUST 1-NESS, n. Unfaithfulness in the discharge of 
a trust. 

UN-TRUST W6R-THY, a. Not deserving of confidence. 

UN -TRUSTY, a. Not trusty; not worthy of confidence; 
unfaithful. 

UN-TRuTH', n. 1. Contrariety to truth ; falsehood; lie. 2. 
Want of veracity. 3. Treachery; want of fidelity ; [obs.] 
4. False assertion. 

UN-TR DTH'FUL, a. Wanting in veracity. 

UN-TROTH'FUL-LY, adv. Not truthfully ; falsely. 

UN-TR uTU'FDL-NESS, n. Want of veracity or fidelity. 

UN-TUCK', v. t. To unfold or undo a tuck. — Ash. 

UN-TUCK'ERED, a. Having no tucker.— Addison. 

UN-TUM'BLED, a. Not rolled ; not rumpled. 

UN-TuN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not harmonious ; not musical. 2. 
Not capable of making music. 3. Not capable of being 
tuned. 

UN-TuN'A-BLE-NESS, n. Not capable of being tuned or 
made harmonious. 

UN-TON'A-BLY, adv. Inharmoniously. 

UN-TuNE', v. t. 1. To make incapable of harmony. — Skak. 
2. To disorder. — Shak. 

UN-TUR'BANED, a. Not wearing a turban.— Southey. 

'JN-TURNED', a. Not turned ; as, he left no stone un- 
turned. 

UN-T0'TORED, a . Uninstructed ; untaught.— Prior. 

UN-TWlNE', v. t. 1. To untwist. 2. To open; to disen- 
tangle. 3. To separate, as that which winds or clasps. 

UN-TWINED', pp. Untwisted; disentangled. 

UN-TWIST, v. >. 1. To separate and open, as threads 
twisted ; or to turn back that which is twisted. 2. To 
open ; to disentangle, as intricacy. 

UN-TWISTED, pp. Separated; opened. 

UN-TWSSTING, ppr. Separating; disenranglin<r. 

UN-TY'. See Untie. 

UN U'Nl-FORM, a. Not uniform; wanting uniformity. 
[LiUle used] 

UN-U-NlT'ED, a. Not united.— Cu dworth 

UN-UP-BRaID'ING, a. Not upbraiding. 

UN-UP-HELD', a. Not upheld ; not sustained.— PoZZo/c. 

UN-UP-LIFT'ED, a. Not raised up. 

JN-UR<5 ED', a. Not urged ; not pressed with solicitation. 

UN-USED' (-yiizd'), a. 1. Not put to use; not employed. 
2. That has never been used. 3. Not accustomed. 

LN-USEFUL, a. Useless serving no good purpose. 



UN-US'U-AL (-yu'zhu-al), a. Not usual ; not common ; rare. 

UN-US'U-AL-LY (-yu'zhu-al-le), adv. Not commonly; nol 
frequently ; rarely. 

UN-US'U-AL-N ESS, n. Uncommonness ; infrequency ; rare* 
ness of occurrence. — Broome. 

UN-UTTER-A-BLE, a. That can not be uttered or express- 
ed ; inett'abli. ; inexpressible. 

UN-Va'€a-TED, a. Not made vacant.— H. Clay. 

UN-VaIL', v. t. To remove a vail from; to uncover; te 
disclose to view. 

tUN-VALTJ-A-BLE, a. Being above price ; invaluable. 

UN-VAL'UED (-val'ynde), a. 1. Not valued; not prized 
neglected. 2. Inestimable ; not to be valued. 3. Not es- 
timated ; not having the value set. 

UN-VAN'QUISH-A-BLE, a. That can not be conquered. 

UN-VAN'QUISHED (-vank'wishr), a. Not conquered. 

UN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. Not variable ; not changeable. 

UN-Va'RIED, a. Not varied ; not altered ; not diversified 

UN-Va'RI-E-Ga-TED, a. Not variegated ; not diversified. 

UN-VAR'NISHED (-var'nisht), a. 1. Not overlaid with var 
nish. 2. Not artificially colored or adorned ; not artfully 
embellished ; plain. 

UN-Va'RY-ING, a. Not altering ; not liable to change. 

UN-Va'RY-ING-LY, adv. Without being liable to change. 

UN-VEIL' (-vale'). See Unvafl, 

UN-VEIL'ED-LY, adv. Plainly ; without disguise. [Rare.) 

UN- VEN'ER- A-BLE, a. Not venerable ; not worthy of ven- 
eration. — Shak. 

UN-VEN'Ti-LA-TED, a. Not fanned by the wind ; not pu- 
rified by a free current of air. 

UN-VER'DANT. a. Not verdant ; not green. — Congreve. 

t UN- VER'I-T A-BLE, a. Not true.— Brown. 

UN- VERSED' (-verst/), a. Not skified ; not versed; unac- 
quainted. 

UN-VEXED' (-veksf), a. Not vexed; not troubled; net 
disturbed or irritated. — Dryden. 

UN-VIN'DI-Ca-TED, a. Not defended. 

UN-Vi'O-La-TED. a. 1. Not violated ; not injured. 2. Not 
broken ; not transgressed ; as, laws unviolated. 

UN-ViR'TU-OUS (-vurtyu-us), a. Not virtuous ; destitute 
of virtue. 

UN-ViR'TU-OUS-LY, adv. Not virtuously. 

UN-VIS'ARD, v. t. To unmask.- Milton. 

UN-VIS'lT-ED, a. Not visited ; not resorted to. 

UN-Vi'TAL, a. Not vital ; not afiectiriir life.— M ed. Repos. 

UN-Vi"TIa-TED ) (un-vish'a-ted), a. Not vitiated ; not cor^ 

UN-VI"C1a-TED > rupted.— Ben Jonson. 

UN-VIT'RI-FlED. a. Not vitrified ; not converted into glass. 

UN-VOL'A-TJL-IZED. a. Not volatilized.— Aikin, 

UN-VoTE', v. t. To contravene by vote a former vote ; to 
annul a former vote. — Burke. 

UN-VOUCHED' (un-vonchf), a. Not fully tested. 

UN- VOWED', a. Not consecrated by solemn promise.* 
Hooker. 

UN-VOWEL ED, a. Having no vowels.— Skinner. 

t UN- VOY'A6E- A-BLE, a. Not to be navigated or passed 
over on a fluid. — Milton. 

UN-VUL'GAR, a. Not common. — Bev Jonson. 

UN-VUL'N ER-A-BLE, a. Not vulnerable. 

UN-WaK'ENED, a. Not awakened; not roused from sleep 
or stupidity. 

Not surrounded or supported by a wall 
Not wanted. — M/'ford. 
Unexpectedly. [For this, unawares ie 



Without vigilance and caution ; heed- 



UN-WALLED', a. 
UN-WANTED, a. 
UN-WaRES', adv. 

used.] 
UN-Wa'RI-LY, adv. 

lessly. — Di.sby. 
UN-Wa'RI-NESS, 7i. Want of vigilance ; want of caution; 

carelessness ; heedlessness. — Spectator. 
UN-WAR'LlKE, a. Not tit for war; not used to war; not 

military. — Waller. 
UN-WARMED', a. 1. Not warmed. 2. Not excited. 
UN-WARNED', a. Not cautioned ; not previously admon 

ished of danger.— Locke. 
UN-WARP', ?'. t. To reduce back what is warped. 
UN-WARPED' (un-worpf). a. Not warped; not biased, 

not turned from the true direction ; impartial.— Thomson. 
UN-WARP'ING, a. Not bending ; unyielding ; not devia- 

tinjr.— Dwisht. 
UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE, a. Not defensible ; not vindicable- 

not iiistifiable; illegal: unjust; improper. 
UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being unwai 

ran table. — Abp. Saner oft. 
UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLY.'adw. In a manner that can not be 

l'ustiried.— Wake. 
UN-WAR'RANT-ED, a. \. Not warranted ; not authorized 

2. Not ascertained: not assured or certin. 3. Not cove 

nanted to be good, sound, or of a certain qualify. 
UN-Wa'RY, a. 1. Not vigilant against danger ; not cau 

tious ; unguarded ; precipitate.— Dryden. 2. Unexpected 

[obs.) 
UN-WASHED' (-wosbn, \ a. Not washed ; not cleansed by 
UN-WASII'EN (-wo.-h'n), 5 watei . 



■Matt., xv. 



^c Synopsis. A, K, I, &c. long.— A, E, i, &c, short.— F*R, FAL'- WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE. BOOK. 



UxNW 



1097 



UP A 



UN-WaSTED, a. 1. Not lost by extravagance or negli- 
gence ; not lavished away ; not dissipated. 2. Not con- 
sumed by time or violence. 3. Not lost by exhaustion, 
evaporation, or other means. 

UN -WASTING, a. Not growing less ; not decaying. 

UN-WXSTING-LY, adv. Without waste. 

ffN-WATCH ED' (-wotcht'), a. Not guarded with vigilance. 

JN-WATCH'FUL. a. Not vigilant.— Scott. 

0N-WATER.E D, a. Not watered; dry.— Pope. 

UN-Wi'VER-ING, a. Not wavering or unstable ; firm ; not 
fluctuating. 

UN-Wa.'VER-ING-LY/, adv. With firm constancy. 

I- UN- \V\\ V E D\ a. Not used to travel.— Suckling: 

UN-WkAK'£NED, a. Not weakened ; not enfeebled. 

UN WftA LTH'Y (un-welth'e), a. Not wealthy.— Lang home. 

UN-WkANED, a. Not weaned; not withdrawn from the 
mother's milk. 

UN-WfeAP'ONED (-wep'nd), a. Not furnished with weap- 
ons or offensive arms. — Raleigh. 

UN-WkA'RI-A-BLE. a. That can not be wearied; indefat- 
igable. — Hooker, f Little used.] 

UN-WkA'RI-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be fatigued.— Bishop 
Hall. 

UN-WkA'RI ED (un-wee'rid). a. 1. Not tired ; not fatigued. 
2. Indefatigable ; continual ; that does not tire or sink 
under fatigue. 

UN-WkA'RIED-LY, adv. Without tiring or sinking under 
fatigue. 

UN-WkA'Rt ED-NESS, 7i. State of being unwearied. 

UN-WkA'RY (uu-wee're), a. Not weary ; not tired. 

UN-WeA'RY. v. t. To refresh after fatigue.— Te^pfe. 

UN-WkA'RY-ING, a. Not making weary. 

UN-WkAVE'. v. t. To unfold; "to undo what has been 
woven. — Sandys. 

BN-WRAVJNG, iqyr. Undoing what has been woven. 

UN-WED', a. Unmarried.— Shak. 

UN-WEB'DED. a. Unmarried; remaining single. 

t UN-WEDgE'A-BLE (un-wedj'a-bl), a. Not to be split with 
wedges. — %.ak. 

UN-WEED'ED, a. Not weeded; not cleared of weeds. 

UN-WEEPED' (-weepf), «• See Unwept. 

I JIN-WESTING, a. Ignorant; unknowing. 

I UN WEETTNG-X,Yj adv. Ignorantly .—Spenser. 

UN-WEIGHED' (un-wade'), a~. 1. Not weighed; not having 
the weight ascertained. 2. Not deliberately considered 
and ex=: mined. 3. Not considerate ; negligent. 

UN-WKIGH'ING. a. Inconsiderate 1 ; thoughtless.— Shak. 

UN-WEI. 'Go. ME. a. Not welcome; not grateful; not pleas- 
ing; not well received. 

UN-WEI, '€0ME-LY, adv. Not in a welcome manner. 

UN-WELL', a. Not well ; ind : sposed; not in good health. 

UN-WEE I, 'NESS. n. State of being indisposed. 

UN-WEPT'^fl. Not lamented ; not mourned. 

UN-WET, a. Not wet or moist. — Vrydeu. 

UN-WfKPPED' ( (-hwiptf), a. Not whipped; not corrected 

UN-WH1PT 5 with the rod.— Pope, 

UN-WHIS'PJERED, a. Not whispered. 

MJN-WHoLE', a. [&e Whole.] Not sound ; infirm. 

UN-WiJoLE'SOME (un-hoTsum), a. 1. Not wholesome; 
unfavorable to health ; insalubrious. 2. Pernicious. 

UN-WHoLE'SOME-NESS, n. Insalubrity; state or quality 
of heing injurious or noxious to health. 

UN-WIP.l.D'i-EY (un-weeld'e-le), adv. Heavily; with diffi- 
culty. — Dryden. 

UN-WIkLD'I-NESS, n. Heaviness ; difficulty of being 
moved. — Donne. 

UN-WIkLD'Y (un-wceld'e), a, That is moved with difficul- 
ty: unmanageable; bulky: ponderous. 

UN-WI L ! ,E D', a. Not wil'letl ; not produced by the will. 

UN-WI Lt/ING, a. Not willing.— Syn. Averse; backward; 
reluctant: repugnant; loth: disinclined. 

UNAVILL'ING-LY, adv. Not with good will; not cheer- 
fully ; n lu. tnnfly. 

UN-WfLLTNG-NESS, n. Disinclination; reluctance. 

UN-WILTEP, a. Not wilted; fresh. 

IJN-WrND'. v. t.; pret. and pp. unwound. 1. To wind off'; 
to loose or separate what is wound. 2. To disentangle. 

UN-WiND', r. i. To admit evolution.— Mortimer. 

UN- WINDING,' a. I Not winding. 2. ppr. Winding oft'. 

UN-WING FAT. a. Not provided with wings. 

yN-Wll'ED' (iin-v/lpr), a. Not cleaned by rubbing. — Shak. 

UN-WlSE', a. 1. Not wise; not choosing the best means 
for the end ; defective in wisdom. 2. "Not dictated by 
wisdom : not adapted to the end. 

UN-WISE'LY, adv. Not wisely: not prudently. 

f UN-WISH', r. t. To wish that which is, not to be.— Shak. 

UN-WISHED' (un-wishf). a. Not wished ; not desired. 

I UN WIS'!", .i Not known. — Spenser. 

f-UN-WiT', ?•. t. To deprive of understanding. — Shak. 

UN-W1TH-DR AW'ING, a. Not withdrawing; continually 
liberal —Milton. 

UN-WIT U'EB ED, a. Not withered or faded. 

UN-WITHERING a. Not liable to wither or fade. 



or conscious- 



UN-WITH-STOOD', a. Not opposed. -Phillips. 
UN-WIT'NESSED (un-wifnest), a. Not witnessed; aA it 

tested by witnesses ; wanting testimony. 
UN-WIT'TI-LY, ado. Without wit— Cowley. 
UN-WITT1NG-LY, adc. Without knowledge i 

ness; ignorantly. 
UN-WITTY, a. Not witty : destitute of wit. 
t UN-Wl VED', a. Having no wife. -Seidell. 
UN-WoM'AN, v. t. To deprive of the qualities of a woman. 
UN-Wo.M'AN-LY, a. Unbecoming a woman, 
UN-WONT (un-wunf), a. [ii contraction of unwonted.] Vu 

accustomed ; unused. — Spenser. 
UN-WONTED (un-wunt'ed), a. 1. Unaccustomed; unused, 

not made familiar by practice. 2. Uncommon ; unusual; 

infrequent ; rare. 
UN-WONTED-LY, adv. A state of being unaccustomed 
UN-WONT'ED-NESS, v. Uncommon uess ; rareness. 
UN-WOOD'ED, a. Destitute of trees, timber, or wood ; nol 

producing trees. The prairies of the West are unwooded. 
UN-WOOED', a. Not wooed : not courted. — Vial;. 
UN-WORK'ING (un-wurk'ing), a. Living without labor.- 

Locke. 
UN-WORK'MAN-LIKE, a. Unskillful. 
UN-WORLD'EI-NESS, ?/. State of being unworldly 
UN WORLDLY, a. Not worldly. 
t UN-WORMED' (un-wurmd'), a. Not wormed. — Dcaumo 

and Fletcher. 
UN-WoRN', a. Not worn ; not impaired. — Young. 
UD-\V0R'Ri£D (un-wur'rid), a. Not worried. 
UN-WORSHIPED (uu-wur'shipt), a. Not worshiped; not 

adored. — Milton. 
UN-WOR'SHIP-ING. a. Not worshiping.— Matthews. 
UN-WORTHI-LY, adv. Not according to desert; without 

due regard to merit. 
UN-WORTHINESS, n. Want of worth or merit. 
UN -WORTHY (un-wur'fhe), a. 1. Not deserving: followed 

by of. 2. Worthless; not deserving; wanting merit. 3. 

Unbecoming ; vile ; base ; mean ; contemptible. 4. Not 

suitable : inadequate. 
UN-WOUND', pp. of wind. Wound oft'; untwisted. 
UN-WOUND'ED, a. 1. Not wounded; not hurt; notinjurcu 

in body. 2. Not hurt ; not ofti.nded. 
UN-WOUNDTNG, a. Not hurting. 
UN- WoVE', pret. of uv weave. 
UN- WOVEN, a. Not woven. 

UN-WRAP' (-rap'), v. /.. To open what is wrapped or folded. 
UN-WRkATHE', v. t. To untwist or untwine.— Boyle. 
UN-WRENCHED' (un-renchtf), a. Not strained ; not dis- 
torted. — Cowper. 
UN-WRINK'LE (un-rinkT), v. t. To reduce wrinkles; to 

smooth. 
UN-WRINK'LED, a. Not shrunk into furrows and ridges. 
UN-WRlTING, a. Not writing; not assuming the charac- 
ter of an author. 
UN-WRITTEN (un-rit'n), a. 1. Not written: not reduced 

to writing; verbal. 2. Blank; containing no writing. • 

Unwritten law (L. lex von scripta) is that which does nol 

consist in statutes, but in the common law and judicial 

adjudications of courts. 
UN-WRONGED', a. Not treated unjustly. 
UN-WROUGHT (un-rawt'). a. Not labored ; not manufac- 
tured : not reduced to due form. — Dryden. 
UN- WRUNG' (un-rung'), a. Not pinched.— Shak. 
UN-YIkLD'ED, a. Not yielded : not conceded. 
UN-YIeLD'ING, a. 1. Not y'elding : unbending, ui«puant, 

stiff"; firm; obstinate. 2. Not giving place. 
UN-YIkLD'ING-LY, adv. Unbendingly: obstinately. 
UN-YiEl.D'ING-NESS, v. State of being unyielding 
UN-YoKE', v. t. 1. To loose from a yoke: to free from 

yoke. — Shak. 2. To part ; to disjoin — Shak. 
UN-YOKED' (un-yokt'), pp. 1. Freed from the yoke. 2. a. 

Nothaving worn the yoke. 3. Licentiuus; unrestrained. 
UN-YoK'ING, ppr. Frei ing from the yoke. 
UN-ZONED', a. Not bound w th a g'r'lle.— Prior 
UP, adv. [Sax. vp, upp ; Ger. aufi D . I'm. op: Sw. up.^ 

I. Aloft; on high. 2. Out of bed. :>. Having risen from 
a seat. 4. From a state of concealment or discumhiiure. 
5. In a state of being built — Shak. tf. Above the horizon, 
as, the moon is up. ~1. To a =t te of excitement, t. To a 
state of advance or proficiency. 9. lu a state of elevation 
or exaltation. 10. In a state of climbing or ascending. 

II. In a state of insurrection. 12. In a state of being in- 
creased or raised. 13. In a state of appro i hing. 14. In 
order; as, to draw up an army. 15. From younger to 
elder years. — Up and down. 1. From one' place to an 
other: here and there. 2. From one- state or position to 
another; backward and forward — Up to, to a degree or 
point adequate. — Up w'nh, rake : lift— Upis mucn u^ed to 
modify the actions expressed ! y verbs. 

UP. prep. From a lower to a higher place; as, go up the 

hill. 
U'PAS, n. A tree common in the forest* of Java and of th« 

neighboring Ules, the secretions of which are poisonous. 



POVF : - -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER. Vl"CTOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this. ♦ Ohsokt*. 



UPP 



1098 



URA 



It has been fabulously reported that the atmosphere sur- 
rounding it is deleterious. — P. Cyc. — Brande. 
UP-BEIR', v. t:; pret. upbore; pp. upborne. 1. To raise 
aloft ; to lift ; to elevate. 2. To sustain aloft ; to support 
in an elevated situation. 3. To support ; to sustain. 
UP BIND', v. t. To bind up,— Collins. 

f UP-BLoW, v. t. To blow up.— Spenser. 

UP-BRIID', v. t. [Sax. upgebredan ; Dan. bebrejder.] 1. To 
charge with something wrong or disgraceful ; to cast in 
tbe teeth. 2. To assail with reproaches. 3. To reprove 
w ith seventy. 4. To bring reproach on. 5. To treat with 
c mtempt ; [obs.] — Svn. To reproach ; blame ; censure ; 
condemn. 

UP-BRaID'ED, pp. Charged with something wrong or dis- 
graceful ; reproached ; reproved. 

UP-BRaID'ER, n. One who upbraids or reproves. 

UP-BRaID'ING, ppr. Accusing; casting in tho teeth; re- 
proaching ; reproving. 

UP-BRaID'ING, n. 1. A charging with something wrong or 
disgraceful ; the act of reproaching or reproving. 2. The 
.reproaches or accusations of conscience. 

UP-BRaID'ING-LY, adv. In an upbraiding manner. 

[UP BRaY', for upbraid. To shame. — Spenser. 

\ UP-BROUGHT (up-bravvf), a. Brought up ; educated. 

UPCAST, a. 1. Cast up ; [a term in bowling.] 2. Thrown 
upward ; as, with upcast eyes. — Dryden. 

UP'CaST, n. In bowl/ n g, a cast; a throw. — Shak. 

UP-COILED', a. Made into a coil.— Wordsworth. 

UP-€OIL'ING, a. Winding into a coil.— Southey. 

\ UP-DRA W, v. t. To draw up.— Milton. 

UP-DRA \VN', pp. Drawn up. 

UP-FILL'ING, a. Filling U p. 

UP-FLUNG', a. Thrown up. 

f UP-GATH'ER, v. t. To contract— Spenser. 

\ UP-GRo\V', v. i. To grow up. — Milton. 

UP'HAND, a. Lifted by the hand.— Moxon. 

UP-HkAV'AL, n. A heaving or lifting up from beneath. 

UP-HkAVE', v. t. To heave or lift up from beneath. 

UP-HEAVED', pp. or a. Heaved or lifted up from beneath. 

UP-HkAVTNG, ppr. Heaving or lifting up from beneath. 

UP-HELD', pret. and pp. of uphold. Sustained. 

UP'HERS, 7i. pi. In architecture, a name given to poles used 
in scaffolding.— Brande. 

UP'HILL, a. Difficult, like the act of ascending a hill. 

\ UP-HOARD', v. t. To hoard up — Shah. 

UP-HoLD'. v. t. ; pret. and pp. upheld. [Upholden is obsolete.] 
1. To lift on high ; to elevate. 2. To support ; to sustain ; 
to keep from falling or slipping. 3. To keep from declen- 
sion. 4. To support in any state. 5. To continue ; to 
maintain. 6. To keep from being lost. 7. To continue 
without failing. 8. To continue in being. 

UP-HoLD'ER, n. L One who upholds; a supporter; a de- 
fender ; a sustainer. 2. An undertaker ; one who pro- 
vides for funerals. 

UP-HoL'STER-ER. n. [from up and hold.] One who fur- 
nishes houses with beds, curtains, and the like. — Pope. 

UP-HOL'STER-Y, n. Furniture supplied by upholsterers. 

UP'LAND, n. High land; ground elevated above the mead- 
ows and intervals which lie on the banks of rivers, near 
the sea, or between hills ; land which is generally dry. 

UP'LAND, a. 1. Higher in situation ; being on upland. 2. 
Pertaining to uplands. 

UP-LAND'ISH, a. Pert-lining to uplands ; dwelling on high 
lands or mountains. — Cnapman. 

VP-L7\Y', v. t. To lay up ; to hoard. — Donne. 

UP-LkAD', v. t. To lead upward. — Milton. 

UP-LED', pp. Led upward. 

UP-LIFT, v. t. To raise aloft : to raise ; to elevate. 

UP-LIFTED, pp. or a. Raised high ; lifted ; elevated. 

UP-LIFT'tNG. ppr. Lilting up ; elevating. 

tUP-LOCK', v. t. To lock up.— Shak. 

t UP-LOOK', v. t. To look up— Shah. 

UP'MoST, a. [up and most.] Highest; topmost. [Rare.] 

UP-ON', prep. [Sax. u.fan, vfon, or life. This is probably up 
and mi.] 1. Resting or being on the top or surface ; as. 
being upon a hill. 2. In a state of resting or dependence ; 
as, upon such conditions. 3. Denoting resting, as a bur- 
den. 4. In the direction or part of; as, upon one's left 
hand 5. Relating to. 6. In consideration of. 7. Near 
to ; as, a village upon a river. 8. With, or having received : 
as, upon a day's notice. 9. On the occasion of; engaged 
in for the execution of. 10. In; during the time of; as, 
-upon, a given day. 11. Noting security ; as, to lend money 
upon bond and mortgage. 12. Noting approach or attack. 

13. Noting exposure, or incurring some danger or loss. 

14. At the time of: on ^occasion of. 15. By inference 
from, 3r pursuing a certain supposition. 16. Engaged in. 

17. [laving a particular manner; as, to be upon a run. 

18. Resting or standing, as on a condition. 19. Noting 
means of subsistence or support. 20. Noting dependence 
for subsistence ; as, to lie upon the town. 

OPT EH, a. [camp, from up.] 1. Higher in place. 2. Supe- 
rior in r.mlc or dignity ; as. the upper house of a legislature. 



* Set. Synopsis, a, E, I, fee., lo;,g.—A, E, i, fee, short.— FAR, FAL L, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE. BiRI 



— Upper-works, in a ship, the parts above water when th© 
ship is properly balanced for a voyage, or all that part of 
her hull which is above the main wale. 

UP'PER-LEATH-ER (-lefh'er), n. The leather for the 
vamps and quarters of shoes. 

UP-PER-HAND', n. Ascendency ; superiority. 

UP'PER-MoST, a. superl. [upper and most.] 1. Highest in 
place. 2. Highest in power or authority. 3. Predomi- 
nant ; most powerful. 

UP-PILED', a. Piled upward. — Wordsworth. 

UP'PISH, a. Proud; arrogant. [A low word.] 

UP-RaISE', v. t. [up and raise.] To raise ; to lift up. 

UP-R1ISED', pp. Lifted up. 

UP-RaIS'ING, n. A raising or elevation. 

UP-REAR', v. t. [up and rear.] To rear up ; to raise.— Oay. 

UP-RlGHT (up'rite), a. [up and right.] 1. Erect; perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Erected; pricked 
up; shooting directly from the body. 3. Honest; just; 
adhering to rectitude in all social intercourse : not devia- 
ting from correct moral principles. 4. Conformable to 
moral rectitude. 

UP'RlGHT, n. 1. In architecture, a representation or draught 
of the front of a building; called, also, an elevation or or- 
thography; [little used.] 2. Something standing erect or 
perpendicular. 

UP'RIGHT-HkaRTED, a. Having an upright heart. 

UP-RlGHTEOUS-LY (-ri'chus-), adv. In an upright or just 
manner.— SAafc. 

UP'RlGHT-LY, adv. 1. In a direction perpendicular to the 
plane of the horizon ; in an erect position. 2. Honestly , 
with strict observance of rectitude. 

UP'RIGHT-NESS, n. 1. Perpendicular erection. 2. Hon- 
esty ; integrity in principle or practice ; conformity to rec- 
titude and justice in social dealings ; probity. 

UP-RlSE', v. i. ; pret. uprose ; pp. uprisen. 1. To rise from 
bed or from a seat. 2. To ascend above the horizon. 3L 
To ascend, as a hill ; [obs.] 

tUP-RlSE', ?/. A rising; appearance above the horizon. 

UP-RTS'ING. ppr. Rising; ascending. 

UP-RTS'ING. n. 1. The act of rising. — Ps. exxxix. 2. A ris- 
ing upward. 

UP'RoAR, v. [D. oproer; G. aufruhr.] Great tumult, vio- 
lent disturbance and noise; bustle and clamor. 

t UP-RdAR', v. t. To throw into confusion. 

UP-RoAR'l-OUS, a. Making a creat noise and tumult. 

UP-RoAR'I-OUS-LY, adi\ With great noise and tumult. 

UP-RoLL', v. t. [up and roll.] To roll wo.— Milton. 

UP-RoLLED', pp. Rolled up. 

UP-ROOT, v. t. To root up ; to tear up by the roots. 

UP-ROOTED, pp. Tom up by the roots. 

UP-ROUSE'. v. t. To rouse from sleep ; to awake. 

UP-ROUSED', pp. Roused from sleep. 

UP-ROUS'lNG, ppr. Rousing from sleep. 

UP-SET, v. t. [up and set.] To overturn; to oveiihrowj 
to overset, as a carriage. 

UP'SET, n. An overturn ; an overthrow, as of a carriage. 

UP'SHOT, n. [up and shot.] Final issue ; conclusion; end. 

UP'SlDE DOWN. The upper part undermost. — As np/iras^ 
this denotes in confusion. — South. 

UP-SNATCH'ING, a. Snatching up ; seizing.— Athcrstcru. 

t UP'SPRING, n. [up and spring.] An upstart.— Skak. 

t UP-SPR1NG', v. i. To spring up.— Sackville. 

t UP-STAND', v. i. To be erected.— May. 

UP-START, v. i. To start or spring up suddenly. 

UP'STXRT, n. 1. One who suddenly rises from low life to 
wealth, power, or honor. 2. Something that springs up 
suddenly. 

UPSTART, a. Suddenly raised.— Shak. 

UP-STaY', v. t. [up and stay.] To sustain ; to support 

UP-STaY'ING, ppr. Supporting. 

t UP-SWARM', v. t. To raise in a swarm. — Shak. 

t UP-TaKE', v. t. To take into the hand.— tyen. *<r. 

UP-TEaR', v. t. [up and tear.] To tear up. — Milton. 

t UP-TRa!N', v. t. To train up ; to educate. — Spenser. 

UP-TURN', v. t. To turn up ; to throw up.— pope. 

UP'WARD, a. Directed to a hi»her place. 

f UP'WARD, v. The top. - Shak. 

UP'WARD, adv. 1. Toward a higher place ; oppo?cd to 
downward. 2. Toward heaven and God. 3. With respect 
to the higher part. 4. More than, indefinitely. 5. Toward 
the source. — Pope. 

UP-WHiRL' (hwurl - ), v. i. [up and whirl] To rise upward 
in a whirl ; to whirl upward. — Milton. 

UP-WHiRL', v. t. To raise upward in a whirling 'direc- 
tion^ 

UP-WiND', v. t. [up and wind.] To wind up.- -Spenser. 

U RAN-GLIM'MER, n. Uranite, which see. 

U-RAN-Ml'€A, n. Uranite, which see. 

FJRAN-d'CHER, )n. A yellow earthy incrustation, sup 

U-RAN-5'CHRE, 5 posed' t>> be the oxyd of' uranium, com- 
bined with carbonic acid. This name is also applied tf 
pitchblende, which a e — Dana. 

U-Ra'NI-A, n. In myhology, the muse of ast ronomy. 

movkTbqqk, 



URN 



1099 



USQ 



ITRAN-lTE, 'i . An ore of uranium jf a bright green or yel- 
low color, and foliated like mica. — Dana. 
U-RAN-IT'IC, a. Pertaining to uranite, or resembling it. 
U-R/Ts'I-UM, n. [Gr. ovpavos.] A metal discovered in 1783, 
by K'aproth, in the mineral called pitchblende. It is of a 
reddish-brown color, has a metallic lustre, and is common- 
ly obtained in a crystalline form. 
G-RAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ovpavaS and ypaQu.] A de- 
scription of the heavens. 
{J-RAN-OL'O OY, n. [Gr. ovpivoc and \oycS-] A discourse 

or tre : iti e on the heavens. — MitchUl. 
U-RAN-OS'CO-PY, n. [Gr. ovpavos, heaven, and oko-cu, to 

view.] Contemplation of the heavenly bodies. 
fJ'RA-NUS, n. [L. ; Gr. ovp <vc$.] 1. In mythology, a deity, 
*he father of Saturn. 2. One of the primary planets. It 
has also been called Herschel and Georgium Sidus. It is 
about 1800 millions of miles from the sun. 
U-Ra'O, n. The native name of a sesquicarbonate of soda 
found in Mexico and South America ; the same with trona. 
— Urc. 
U'RATE, n. A compound of uric acid and a base. 
UR'BAN, a. Belonging to a city ; as, an urban population. 
UR-BaNE', a. [L. urban us, from urbs, a city.] Civil ; court- 
eous in manners ; polite. 
UR-BAN'I-TY, n. [Fr. urbanite ; L. urbanitas.] 1. That ci- 
vility or courtesy of manners which is acquired by associa- 
ting with well-bred people ; polished manners. 2. Face- 
tiousness.— Syn. Politeness; suavity; affability; courtesy. 
UR'BAN-lZE, v. t. To render civil and courteous ; to polish. 
UR'CE-O-LaTE, a. [L. urceolus.] In botany and conchology, 
shaped like a pitcher ; swelling out like a pitcher, as it re- 
spects the body, and contracted at the orifice. — Lee. 
UR'CHIN, n. [Ann. Iieureuchin ; L. erinaceus.] 1. A name 
given to the hedgehog. 2. A name of slight anger given 
to a child. 
tURE, it. Use ; practice. 
U'RE-A, n. A crystalline, transparent, and colorless animal 

substance of a pearly lustre, obtained from urine. 
U-RF:'TER, n. [Gr. ovpnrnp.] The excretory duct of the 
kidnev, a tube conveying the urine from the kidney to the 
bladder. 
€J-RF:'THRA, v. [Gr. ovpnOpa.] The canal by which the 

urine is conducted from the bladder and discharged. 
U-Rft'THRAL, a. Pertaining to the urethra. 
IJR6E, v. t. [L. nrgeo.] 1. To press ; to push ; to drive; to 
apply force to. in almost any manner. 2. To press the 
mind or will ; to press by motives, arguments, persuasion, 
or importunity. 3. To provoke; to exasperate. 4. To 
follow close. 5. To labor vehemently : to press with ea- 
gerness. 6. To press. 7. To importune : to solicit ear- 
nestly. 8. To apply forcibly. — Syn. To animate ; incite ; 
impel ; instigate ; stimulate ; encourage. 
URgE,?\ i. To press forward ; as, he strives to urge, upward. 
URGE'-WON-DER (-wun-der), n. A sort of grain. — Mortimer. 
UR6.ED (urjd). pp. Pressed ; impelled ; importuned. 
URG'EN-CY, n. 1. Pressure; importunity; earnest solicita- 
tion. 2. Pressure of necessity. 
URGENT, a. 1. Pressing with importunity.— Ex., xii. 2. 

Pressing witn necessity ; violent; vehement. 
URG'ENT-LY, adv. With pressing importunity ; violently ; 

vehemently ; forcibly. 
URG'ER. n. One who urges ; one who importunes. 
UR6TNG (urj'ing), ppr. 1. Pressing; driving; impelling. 

2. a. Pressing with solicitations ; importunate. 
U'RIC ACID. )n. [Gr.oifln.] A white, tasteless, and in- 
LITH'IC ACID, S odorous acid, contained in urine and in 

gouty concretions. 
U'RLM, n. [Heb. D^-flx] The TJrim and Thnmmim, among 
the Jsrtielites. signify lights and perfections. These were a 
kind of ornament belonging to the habit of the high-priest, 
in virtue of which he gnve oracular answers to the people. 
U'RIN-AL (yu'rin-al). n. [Fr. vrinal; L. urinalis.] 1. A be t 
tie in which urine is kept for inspection. 2. A vessel for 
containing urine. 
U'RI-NA-RY. a. [from urine.} Pertaining to urine. 
U'Rl-NA-RY, )n. In agriculture, a reservoir or place 
U-RI-Na'RI-UM, ) for the reception of urine, &c, for ma- 
nure— Cl;C. 

pmsp ' [ v. i. To discharge urine. — Bacon. 

U'RI-NA-TTVE, a. Provoking urine.— Bacon. 

U-RT-Na'TOR, 7/. [I..] A diver: one who plunges and sinks 
in water in search of something, as for pearls. — Ray. 

U'RlNE (yii'rin), n. [L. urina.] An animal fluid or liquor 
secreted by the kidneys, whence it is conveyed into the 
bladder by the ureters, and discharged through the urethra. 

EPRI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to urineror partaking of its qual- 
ities — Arbi'th'iot. 

C'R ITH, v. The flexible rodi bound around hedges. — Farm. 
En rye. [Provincial.] 

URN, n. \\.. itma.} 1. A kind of vase, of a roundish form, 
largest in the middl •, used as an ornament. 2. A ve=si 1 
for" wa'er. 3. A vessel in which the ashes of the dead 



were formerly kept. 4. A Roman measure for liquids, 
containing about ttiree gallons and a half, wine measure, 
or half the amphora. 
URN, v. t. To inclose in an urn. — May. 
URN'-SHaPED (-shapt), a. Having the shape of an urn. 
U-ROS'CO-PY, n. [Gr. ovpjv and cKtnruj.] The judgment 

of diseases by inspection of urine. — Brown. 
UR'RY, 72. A sort of blue or black clay, lying near a vein 

of coal. — Mortimer. 
UR'SA, n. [L.] A bear. — Ursa Major, the Great Bear, one 
of the most conspicuous of the northern constellations, 
situated near the pole. It contains the stars which form 
the Dipper, or Charles's Wain. — Ursa Minor, the constel- 
lation nearest the north pole. It contains the pole-star, 
which is situated in the extremity of the tail. — Olmsted. 
UR'SI-FORM, a. [L. ursa, bear, and form.] In the shape of 

a bear. 
UR'SINE,a. [L.ursinus.] Pertaining to or resembling a bear. 
UR'SU-LINE, a. Denoting an order of nuns, so called from 
their institutress, St. Ursula, who devot-; themselves to the 
succor ol poverty and sickness, and the education of the 
young. Used, also, as a noun. — Cyc. 
U'RUS, )n. [L. urus.) 1. The wild bull.— 2. In natural his- 
URE, 5 f-ory, the trivial or specific name of the species ot 
bos or taurus to which the common bull or ox and cow 
belong. 
US, pron.. objective case of we. 
U. S. An abbreviation for United States. U. S. A., for United 

States of America. 
U'SA-BLE, a. That may be used. 

U'SAGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Treatment; an action or series of ac- 
tions peribnned by one person toward another, or which 
directly affect him. 2. Use, or long-contiinu-d use ; cus- 
tom ; practice ; prescription. 3. Manners : b; havior : [obs.] 
tU'SAG-ER, n. [Fr.] One who has the use of any thing in 

trust for another. Dan id. 
U'SANCE ^yu'zans), n. [Fr.] 1. Use; proper employment. 
2. Usury ; interest paid for money. — 3. In commerce, the 
time which, by usage or custom, is allowed in certain coun- 
tries for the payment of a bill of exchange. Tim time may 
be one, two, or three months after the date of the bill, ac- 
cording to the custom of the places between which the 
exchanges run.- Bouvier. 
USE (yuse), n. [L. usus ; It. uso ; Fr. us, pi.] 1. The act oi 
handling or employing in any manner and for any pur- 
pose, but especially for a profitable purpose ; pr; elite. 2. 
Employment; application of any thing to a purpose, good 
or bad. 3. Usefulness; utility; advantage; service ; pro- 
duction of benefit. 4. Need of employment, or oec. sion 
to employ. 5. Power of receiving advai.t -sre ; | unusual.] 
6. Continued practice cr employment. 7. Custom ; com- 
mon occurrence; [unusttal.] 8. Interest; the piv mium 
paid for the possession and employment of borrowed 
money. South. — 9. In law, the ben: fit or profit oi' lands 
and tenements — In use. 1. In employme nt. 2. In cus- 
tomary practice or observance. 
USE (yuze), ?'. t. [Fr. user; It. vsare; Sp. vsar ; L. utor, 
usus.] 1. To employ; to handle, hold, occupy, or move 
for some purpose. 2. To waste, consume, or exhaust by 
employment. 3. lo accustom: to habituate: to render 
familiar by practice. 4. To treat. 5. To practi e cus- 
tomarily. — To use one's self, to behave. — Shak. ; fobs } 
USE, v. i. 1. To be accustom d to ; to practice < lutomari- 

ly. 2. To be wont. 3. To frequent ; to Inhabit. 
US£D (yuzd), pp. Employed ; occupied ; treated. 
USE'FUL (yuse'fulL, n. Producing or having power to pro 
duce good ; beneficial ; profitable ; helpful toward advan- 
cing any purpose. 
USE'FUL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to produce or ad- 
vance some end. 
USE'FUL-NESS, n. Conduciveness to some end, properly 

to some valuable end. 
USE'l.ESS, a. Having no use; unserviceable: producing 
no good end ; answering no valuable purpose : not ad- 
vancing the end proposed. — Gay. 
USE'LESS-LY, ndc. in a useless manner ; without profit 

or advantage.— Locke. 
USE'LESS-NESS, n. Un. c erviceablrne.« : unfitness for any 

valuable purpose, or for the purpose intend! d. 
US'ER (yuz'er), n. One who uses, treats, or occupies. 
USU'ER, n. [Yr. huL-sitr : It. nscio.] 1. Properly, one who 
has the care of the door of a court or hall. &c. : l.eire, an 
officer whose business is to introduce strangers, or to walk 
before a person oi r nk. 2. An under-tea. her or assistant 
to the pr. ceptor of a school. 
U-^E'ER, v. t. To introduce, as a forerunner or harbinger; 

to forerun. — Mil't.n. 
USEI'ERED. pp. Introduced. 
U^E'EK-ING.TTJr. Introdu inff, as a forerunner. 
USH'ER--'HI f, n Tie office of an usher. 
* U^'QUE-PiAFGtl (us'kwe-baw). n. [Ir. uisge, water, and 
baah life.] A i ompound dist lied spirit. From this word, 
by CDntraction, we have whisky. 



DOVE :— BULL. UNITE ;— AN'GF.R, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K ; <J aa J ; S as Z : cH as 3H ; TH as hi tUis. i Obsoleu 



UTI 



1100 



V 



DSTiON (ust'yun), re. [Fr. uslinn; L. ustio.] The act of 
burning ; the state of being burned. 

US-To'Ri-OUS, a. Having the quality of burning. 

US-TU-LaTION, re. [L. ustulatus.} 1. The act of burning 
or searing.— 2. In metallurgy, ustulation is the operation 
of expelling one substance from another by heat. — 3. In 
pharmacy, the roasting or drying of moist substances so as 
to prepare them for pulverizing. 

US'U-AL (yu'zhu-al), a. [Fr. usuel; from use.] Customary ; 
common ; frequent; such as occurs in ordinary practice, 
or in the ordinary course of events. 

US'U-AL- LY (yu'zhu-al-le), adv. Commonly ; customarily ; 
ordinarily. 

US'U-A L-N ESS (yu'zhu-al-), n. Commonness; frequency. 

U-SU-CAPTION, re. [L. usus and capio.] In the civil law, 
the same as prescription in the common law ; the acquisi- 
tion of the title or right to property by the uninterrupted 
and undisputed possession of it for a certain term pre- 
scribed by law. 

B'SU-FRUCT, 7i. [L. usus and fructus.] In law, the right of 
enjoying a thing which belongs to another, and of deriving 
from it all the profit or benefit it may produce, provided it 
be without altering the substance of the thing.— Bouvier. 

U-SU-FRUCT'U-A-RY, n. A person who has the use and 
enjoyment of property for a time, without having the title 
of property.— Johnson. 

US'URE, v. i. To practice usury. — Shdk. 

US'U-RER (yu'zhu-rer), n. 1. Formerly, a person who lent 
money and took interest for it.— 2. In present usage, one 
who lends money at a rate of interest beyond that estab- 
lished by law. 

U-SL)'Rl-OU.-\ a. 1. Practicing usury; taking exorbitant in- 
terest for the use of money. 2. Partaking of usury ; con- 
taming usury. 

U-St/Rl-OUS-LY, adv. In a usurious manner. 

U-Su'R l-OUS-N ESS, re. The state or quality of being usurious. 

U-SURP', v. l. [Fr. usurper; L. usurpo.] To seize and hold 
in possession by force or without right.— Syn. To arro- 
gate; assume; appropriate. 

U-SURP-A'TION, n. The act of seizing or occupying and 
enjoying the power or property of another without right. 

USU RP'A-TU-RY, a. Usurping; marked by usurpation. 

U-SURPED' (yu zurpt'), pp. or a. Seized or occupied and 
eitioyed by violence, or without right. 

USURP'EK. re. One who seizes or occupies the power or 
property of another without right. — Drydeu. 

U-SUKI"1NG, ppr. or a. Seizing or occupying the power or 
property of another without fight.— Pope. 

U-SURi \N T G-LY, adv. By usurpation ; without just right 
or claim. — Shah. 

US'U-RY (yd'zhu-re), n. [Fr. usure ; L. usnra.] 1. Former- 
ly, interest: or a premium paid, or stipulated to be paid, 
for the use of money.— 2. In present usage, illegal interest ; 
a premium or compensation paid, or stipulated to be paid, 
for the use of money borrowed, beyond the rate of inter- 
est e : tablished by law. 3. The practice of taking interest ; 
\o'>s.\ 

ITSUS LO-qUEN-DI. [L.] The usual mode of speaking. 

UT. The first note in Guido's musical scale ; now usually 
superseded bv do. 

U'TAS. n. See Utis. 

*U-TEN'SIL, n. [Fr. utens He.] An instrument : that which 
is used; particularly, an instrument or vessel used in a 
kit. hen, or in domestic and farming business. 

UTER-INE (yfi'ter-:n), a. [Fr. uterin ; L. uterinus.] Pertain- 
ing to the womb. — Uterine brother or sister is one born of 
the same mother, but by a different father. 

U'TE-RO-gES-Ta'TION. re. Gestation in the womb from 
conception to birth. — Pritchard. 

UTE-RIM n. [L.J The womb. 

U'TI-LE. n. [L.J Something useful, as opposed to some- 
th 'i'g ornamental. 

tU'TlbE (vj'til), n. Profitable; useful. 

UTILE hUL'CT. [L.] The useful with the agreeable. 

U-T! L-!-.Ta'R[-AN, a. Con-isting in, or pertaining to, utility ; 
pertalninsi to utilitarianism. 

U-TII.-I-Ta'RI-AN. re. One who holds the doctrine of utili- 
tarianism. 

U-TiE-l-T.VRI-AN-!SM, re. 1. The doctrine that the great- 
est happinesj? of the greatest number, should be the end 
an 1 aim of all social and political institutions.— J. Bentham. 
2. The term has also been applied to the doctrine of Hume, 
that utility is the sole standard of moral conduct; or that 
every thin » U right which appears to be useful, irrespect- 
ive of God's datei ion on the subject in his Word. 3. The 
term Ins also, -om^times, been applied to the doctrine that 
virtue is founded in utility ; or that the practice of virtue 
is i njoined by Go I solely on the ground of its tendency to 
promote the highest happiness of the universe. 

C-TIL'I-TY (yu-til'i-te). n. [Fr. utilite ; L. ntilitas.] Useful- 
ness ; production of good ; profitableness to some valua- 
ble end.— Syn\ Advantage; benefit; service; avail; use. 

fJ-TIE-!-Z VTiON, re. A making profitable ; a gaining. 



U'TIL-lZr.,. v. l. [It. utilizzare; Sp. utilizar.] 1. To gain prof 
it ; to acquire. — Journ. of Science. 2. To turn to profitable 
account or use. 

UTIL-lZED,£p. Made profitable. 

U'TIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Rendering profitable ; gaining. 

UTI POS-SI-DE'TIS. [L. as you possess.] In politics, the 
basis nr principle of a treaty which leaves belligerents mu 
tually in possession of what they have acquired by their 
arms during the war. — Brande. 

t U'TIS, n. [Fr. hui.t.\ 1. An ancient law term, signifying the 
eighth day after any festival ; it also denoted "the festival 
itself.— Too ne. 2. Bustle; stir.— Shak. 

UT'MoST, o. [Sax. utmast, utmest.] 1. Extreme ; being at 
the furthest point or extremity. 2. Being in the greatest 
or highest degree. 

UT'MoST, re. The most that can be ; the greatest power, 
degree, or effort. — Shak. 

U-To'PI-A, re. A term invented by Sir T. More (from the 
Gr. ovroTtoi, no place), and applied to an imaginary isle, 
which he represents as enjoying the greatest perfection in 
politics, laws, &c. The word is now used in all the Ian 
guages of Europe, to signify a state of ideal perfection. 
Brande. 

U-TO'PI-AN, a. [from More's Utopia.] Ideal ; chimerical , 
fanciful ; not well founded. 

U-To'PJ-AN-ISM, re. Chimerical schemes in theory or prac- 
tice. — Chalmers. 

UTR1-CLE (yu'tre-kl), re. [L. utriculus.] 1. A little bag or 
bladder ; a little cell ; a reservoir in plants to receive the 
sap. 2. A membranous capsule of one cell, and contain- 
ing a solitary seed. 

U-TR1CU-LAR, a. Containing utricles ; furnished witb 
glandular vessels like small bags, as plants. — Lee. 

UTTER, a. [Sax. ; that is, oute*.] 1. Situated on the out- 
side, or remote from the center. 2. Placed or being be 
yond any compass ; out of any place. 3. Extreme ; ex- 
cessive ; utmost. 4. Complete ; total ; final. 5. Peremp- 
tory ; absolute, f>. Perfect; mere; quite.— Utter Barrister, 
one recently admitted as barrister, who was accustomed 
to plead without the liar, as distinguished from the bench- 
ers, who were permitted to plead within the bar. — -Coioel. 

UTTER, v. t. 1. To speak; to pronounce; to express. 2, 
To disclose ; to discover ; to divulge ; to publish.— 3. In 
the law style, to sell ; to vend. 4. To put or send into cir- 
culation ; to put off, as currency, or cause to pass in com- 
merce. 

UTTER- A-BLE, a. That may be uttered, pronounced, or 
expressed. 

UT'TER-ANCE, re. 1. The act of uttering words; pronun- 
ciation ; manner of speaking. 2. Emission from the 
mouth ; vocal expression. 3. [Fr. outrauce.] Extremity, 
furthest part ; [obs.] 

UTTERED, pp. Spoken ; pronounced ; disclosed ; publish- 
ed ; put into circulation. 

UTTER-ER, re. 1. One who utters ; one who pronounces. 
2. One who divulges or discloses. 3. One who puts into 
circulation. 4. A seller ; a vender. 

UTTER ING, ppr. Pronouncing; disclosing; putting into 
circulation ; selling. 

UTTERLY, adv. To the full extent; fully; perfectly; to- 
tally. 

UTTER-MoST, a. [utter and most.] Extreme ; being in the 
furthest, greatest, or highest degree. 

UTTER-MOST, re. The greatest.— To the uttermost, in the 
most extensive degree ; fully. 

U'VE-OUS, a. [L. uva.] Resembling a grape.— Bay. The 
uveous coat of the eye, or uvea, is the posterior lamina of 
the iris ; so called by the ancients, because in beasts it is 
of the color of unripe grapes. — Forsyth. 

U'VU-LA, it. [L.J A soft, Conical, spongy body, suspended 
from the palate near the foramina of the nostrils, over the 
glottis. 

UX-O RI-OUS, a. [L. uxorius.] Submissively fond of a wife. 
— Bacon. 

UX-o'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With fond or servile submission to 
a wife. — Drydeu. 

UX-o'RI-OUS-NESS, re. Connubial dotage ; foolish fondnese 
for a wife.- -More. 



V. 



Vis the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, and 
a labial articulation, formed by the junction of the up 
per teeth with the lower lip, as in pronouncing av, cv, ov^ 
vain. It is not a close articulation, but one that admits oi 
some sound. It is nearly allied to/, bein,' formed by the 
same organs; but v is vocal, and /is aspirate, and this con- 
stitutes the principal difference between them. Kaud u 
were formerly the same letter, derived, no doubt, from the 
oriental van or waw ; but they have now as distinct use,? 
as any two letters in the alphabet, and are therefore to hr 



See Synopns. a, £, I, &c, long— a, K, I, <fcc, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BIRD ;— ^'3VE. BOOK 



VAG 



1101 



VAJ 



considered as different letters. Fhas one sound only, as 
in very, vote, lavish. 

Is a numeral. V stands for 5. With a dash over it, in old 
books, V, it stands for 5000. 

/a'CAN-CY n. (L. vacans ; Fr. vacance ; It. vacanza ; Sp. 
vacantia.] 1. Empty space ; vacuity. 2. Chasm ; void 
space between bodies or objects. 3. The state of being 
destitute of an incumbent; want of the regular officer to 
officiate in a place. Hence, 4. The situation, post, office, 
&c, which is without an incumbent. 5. Time of leisure ; 
freedom from employment ; intermission of business. 6. 
Listlessness ; inanity ; emptiness of thought. 7. A place 
or office not occupied, or destitute of a person to rill it ; as, 
a vacancy in a school. 

Ca'CANT, a. [Fr. ; from L. vacans]. 1. Not filled; void of 
every substance except air. 2. Exhausted of air. 3. Un- 
engaged with business or care. 4. Not tilled or occupied 
with an incumbent or possessor. 5. Being unoccupied 
with business. 6. Without thought ; thoughtless ; not oc- 
cupied with study or reflection. 7. Indicating want of 
thought. — 8. In law, abandoned ; having no heir. — Syn. 
Empty ; void ; devoid ; free ; unencumbered ; uncrowd- 
ed; idle. 

v*A'€ANT-LY, adv. In a vacant manner. 
Va'CaTE, v. t. 1. To annul ; to make void ; to make of no 
authority or validity. 2. To make vacant ; to quit posses- 
sion and leave destitute. 3. To defeat ; to put an end to ; 
[unusual.] 

Va.'€a-TED, pp. Annulled; made void; made vacant. 

Va'Ca-TING, ppr. Making void; making vacant. 

VA-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. vacatio.] 1. The act of making 
void, vacant, or of no validity ; [ubs.] 2. Intermission ot 
judicial proceedings ; the space of time between the end 
of one term and the beginning of the next ; non-term. 3. 
The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of a 
college or other seminary, when the students have a re- 
cess. 4. Intermission of a stated employment. 5. The 
time when a see or other spiritual dignity is vacant. 6. 
Leisure; freedom from trouble or perplexity; [little used.] 

VA.CCA-RY, ??. [L. vacca.] An old word signifying a cow- 
house, dairy-house, or a cow-pasture. — Bailey. 

^AcH'EE.-Y, n. [Fr. vache, a cow]. A pen or inclosure for 
cows.— Flint. 

VAC'IL-LAN-CY, n. [L. vacillans.] A state of wavering ; 
fluctuation ; inconstancy. — More. 

VACTL-LA.NT, a. Wavering ; fluctuating ; unsteady. 

VAC'IL-LIFE (vas'il-late), v. i. [L. vacillo.] 1. To waver; 
to move one way and the other ; to reel or stagger. 2. To 
fluctuate in mind or opinion ; to waver ; to be unsteady or 
inconstant. 

VAC'IL-La-TING, ppr. 1. Wavering ; reeling; fluctuating. 
2. a. Unsteady ; inclined to fluctuate. 

VAC'IL-La-TING-LY, adv. Unsteadily. 

f AC-IL-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. vacillatio.] 1. A wavering ; a 
moving one way and the other ; a reeling or staggering. 
2. Fluctuation of mind ; unsteadiness ; change from one 
object to another. 

7A€'CIN-aTE (vak'sin-ate), v. t. [L. vacca, a cow.] To in- 
oculate with the cow-pox, or a virus taken from cows, 
called vaccine matter. — Cow-pox is small-pox modified by 
the fact of its having been communicated to & cow. 

VA€'CIN-a-TED. pp. Inoculated with the cow-pox. 

VA€'CIN-A-TING, ppr. Inoculating with the cow-pox. 

VAC-CIN-a'TION, n. The act, art, or practice of inocula- 
ting persons with the cow-pox. 

VAC'CIN-a-TOR, (7?. One who inoculates with the cow- 

VACC1N-1ST. 5 pox. 

VACCINE (vak'sin), a. [L. vaccinus.] Pertaining to cows; 
derived from cows. 

VA€'U-aTE, v. t. [L. vacuo.] To make void.— Secular 
Priest exposed. 

VAC-U-1TION, n. [L. vacuo.] The act of emptying. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

VACU-IST, n. [from vacuum.] One who holds to the doc- 
trine of a vacuum in nature ; opposed to a plcnist. 

VA-€u'I-TY, n. [L. vacuitas.] 1. Emptiness; a state of be- 
ing unfilled. 2. Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occupied 
with an invisible fluid only. 3. Emptiness ; void. 4. In- 
anity ; emptiness ; want of reality. 5. Vacuum, which 
see. 

VAC'U-OUS, a. Empty ; unfilled ; void.— Milton. 

VAC'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being empty. 

VA€'U-UM, n. [L.] Space empty or devoid of all matter or 
■ body. — Torricellian vacuum, see Torricellian. 

' VaDE. v. i. [ E. vado.] To vanish ; to pass away. — Wotton. 

Va'DE-Me'CUM, n. [L. go with me.] A book or other thing 
that a person carries with him as a constant companion ; 
;-a manual. 

fA'FROUS, a. [L. vafer.] Crafty ; cunning.— Afore. 
7 AG'A-BOND, a. <L.vagabundus.] 1. Wandering; moving 
from place to place without any settled habitation. 2. 
Wandering ; floating about without any certain direction ; 
driven to and fro. 



VAG'A-BOND, n. A vagrant ; one who wandc. s from place 
to place, having no certain dwelling, or not abiding in it, 
and usually without the means of honest livekhooU. 
VAG'A-BOND-AgE,) . . . e , . , . . 

VAG'A-BOND-ISM l"-* 8tflte of watering about Ml 
VAG'A-BOND-RY, $ idleness. 

VAG'A-BOND-lZE, v. t. To wander about in idleness. 
VA-Ga'RY, n. [L. vagus.] A wandering of the thoughts, 

a wild freak ; a whim ; a whimsical purpo.-e. 
t VA-Ga'RY, v. i. [Old Fr. vaguer.] To wander; to gad; 
to range ; to roam ; to remove often from place to place. 
— Cotgrave. 
t Va'61-ENT. a. [L. vagiens.] Crying like a child.— More. 
VA-<il'NA, n. [L. a sheath.] 1. hi anatomy, the canal which 
leads from the external orifice to the uterus or womb. 
Forsyth. — 2. In botany, the leaf-stalk of tho.se plants in 
which it becomes thin and rolls round the stem, to which 
it then forms a sheath. — liraude. 
* VAO'1-NAL (vaj'e-nal), a. [L. vagina.] 1. Pertaining to a 
sheath, or resembling a sheath. 2. Pertaining to the va- 
gina. 
VA(i'l-NANT, a. [L. vagina.] In botany, sheathing. 
VAG'1-Na-TED, a. In botany, sheathed ; invested by the In 

bular base of the leaf, as a stem.— Martyn. 
VAg-1-NO-PEN'NOUS, a. [L. vagina and penna.] Having 
the wings covered with a hard case or sheath, as certain 
insects ; sheath-winged. 
Va'GOUS, a. [L. vagus; Fr. vague.] Wandering: unset- 
tled.— Ayliffe. [Lttle used.] 
Va'GRAN-CY, n. [from vagrant.] A state of wandering 

without a settled home. 
Va'GRANT, a. [L. vagor.] 1. Wandering from place to 
place without any settled habitation, 2. Wandering; un- 
settled ; moving without any certain direction. 
Va'GRANT, n. [Norm, vagarant.] An idle wanderer; a 
vagabond ; one who strolls from place to place ; a sturdy 
beggar ; one who has no settled habitation, or who doea 
not abide in it. 
Va'GRANT-LY, adv. In a wandering, unsettled manner. 
VaGUE (vag), a. [Fr. ; L. vagus.] 1. Wandering ; vagrant , 
vagabond^ [obs.] 2. Not settled, definite, or precise ; as, 
a vague conception. 3. Proceeding from no known au- 
thority; as, a vague report. — Syn. Unsettled; indefinite; 
undetermined ; unfixed ; loose ; lax ; uncertain ; flying. 
VIIL, n. [Fr. voile; It. velo ; L. velum] 1. Any kind ol 
cloth which is used for intercepting the view and hiding 
something. 2. A piece of thin cloth or silk etutr) used by 
females to hide their faces. 3. A cover; that which con- 
ceals. — 4. In botany, the membranous covering of the 
germen in the musci and hepaticce ; the calypter. — Vails, 
money given to servants. — Dryden. 
VaIL, v, t. [L. velo.] To cover; to hide from the sight, 
t VaIL, v. t. [Fr. avahr.] 1. To let fall.— Carcw. 2. To let 

fall : to lower. 3. To let fall ; to sink.— Shak. 
tVaIL, v. i. To yield or recede; to give place; to shew 

respect by yielding. — South. 
VaILED, pp. or a. Covered ; concealed, 
t VaIL'ER, n. One who yields from respect. — Ovcrbury. 
VaIL'ING, ppr. Covering; hiding from the sight. 
VAIN, a. [Fr. vain; It. vano ; L.vauus.] 1. Having no sub- 
stance, value, or importance; a<, a earn -distinction. 2. 
Without effect ; as, a vain attempt. 3. Proud of petty 
things, or of trifling attainments ; elated with a high opin- 
ion of one's own accomplishments, or with things more 
showy than valuable ; conceited. 4. Without reality ; as, 
a vain chimera. 5. Full of ostentation ; as, a vain show. 
6. Without stability or constancy ; us, vain persons. — 
Prov., xii. 7. Not adapted to satisfy ; as, vain are all the 
enjoyments of life. 8. Not genuine ; spurious — James, L 
9. Not effectual ; having no efficacy. — In rain, to no pur- 
pose ; without effect; ineffectual. — To take, the name of 
God in vain, to use the name of God with levity or pro- 
faneness. — Syn. Empty; worthless ; fruitless ; in> ftectual; 
idle; unreal; shadowy: showy; ostentatious: unsatisfy- 
ing; light; inconstant; false ; deceitful ; delusive ; unim 
portaiit; trifling. 
VaIN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [vain and glorious.] 1. Vain to ex- 
cess of one's own achievtmLiits ; elafed beyond due meas- 
ure : boastful. 2. Boastful; proceeding from vt nity. 
VaIN-GLo'RI-OUS-LY. adv. With empty pride.— Milton. 
VaIis'-GLOTiY, 7/. [vain and glory.] Exclusive vanity ex 
cited by one's own performances; empty pride; undue 
elation of mind. 
VaIN'LY, adv. 4. Without effect; to no purpose ; ineffect- 
ually ; in vain. 2. Bonstingly ; with vaunting ; proudly, 
arrogantly. 3. Idly : foolishly. 
VaIN'NESS, n. 1. The state of being vain; inefficacy ; in- 

cffcctualness. 2. Empty pride ; vanity. 

VaIR, ". In heraldry, a kind of fur. represented by little 

bell-shaped pieces alternately of two colors, and usually 

white and blue. 

VaIR, )a. In heraldry, charged with vair ;. variegated 

VaIR'Y, \ with argt nt and az» »e colors, v\ m the term it 



D(WE ;— BULL, UJSiTE ;— ANGER, Vi"CJ(JL)ti.— U ash.; ii as J ; SasZ; cilasSII; TH £j in this t Obsolete 



VAL 



1102 



VAJN 



vairy proper ; and with other colors, when it is voir or 
vairy composed. — Todd. 

VaI'VODE, n. [Sclav.] A prince of the Dacian provinces ; 
an inferior Turkish officer ; usually written waywode. 

VAL'ANCE, n. [qu. Fr. avalant, falling Norm, valaunt.] A 
piece of drapery hanging round the tester and head of a 
bed, and also from the head of window-curtains. — Swift. 

VAL'ANCE, v. t. To decorate with hanging fringes. 

VAL ANCED (-anst), pp. Decorated with a valance. 

VILE, n. [Fr. val ; It. valle ; L. vallis.] 1. A tract of low 
ground or of land between hills ; a valley. [ Vale is used 
in poetry, and valley in prose.] 2. A little trough or canal. 
— 3. Vales, [avails,] money given to servants; [not used in 
America.] — Syn. Valley; dingle; dell. 

VAL-E-DI€'TION, n. [L. valedico.] A farewell; a bidding 
farewell. 

VAL-E-DI€-To'RI-AN, n. The student of a college who 
pronounces the valedictory oration at the annual com- 
mencement 

VAL-E-DICTO-RY, a. Bidding farewell. 

VAL-E-DIC'TO-RY, n. In American colleges, an oration or 
address spoken at commencement by a member of the 
class which receive the degree of bachelor of arts, and 
take their leave of college and of each other. 

VAL'EN-TrNE, n. 1. A sweetheart or choice made on Val- 
entine's day. 2. A letter containing professions of love or 
affection sent by one young person to another on Valen- 
tine's day. 

VAL'EN-i iNE'S-DaY, n. A day sacred to St. Valentine, 
the 14th of February. It was a very old notion, alluded 
to by Shakspeare, that on this day birds begin to couple. 
Hence, perhaps, arose the custom of sending on this day 
letters containing professions of love and affection. 

VA-LK'RI-AN, n. A plant of the genus Valeriana. The root 
of the officinal valerian has a strong smell, is v<»ry attract- 
ive to cats and rats, and is much used in medicine. 

* VAL'ET (val'let or valla), n. [Fr.] 1. A waiting-servant ; 
a servant who attends on a gentleman's person. — 2. In the 
manege, a kind of goad or stick armed with a point of iron. 

VAL'ET DE CHAM'BRE (valla de sham'br), n. [Fr.] A 
body servant or personal attendant. 

VAL-E-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN, \a. [L. valetudinarius.] Sickly; 

VAL-E-TO'DI-NA-RY, 5 weak; infirm; seeking to re- 
cover health. 

VAL-E-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN, In. A person of a weak, infirm, 

VAL-E-Tu'DI-NA-RY, > or sickly constitution ; one who 
is seeking to recover health. 

VAL-E-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN-ISM, n. A state of feeble health ; 
infirmity. — Cli. Spectator. 

YAL-HAL'LA, n. In the Scandinavian mythology, the pal- 
ace of immortality, inhabited by the souls of heroes slain 
in battle. — Brande. 
VAL'IANCE (val'yans), n. Bravery; valor. — Spenser. 

VALIANT (val'yant), a. [F. vaillant.] 1. Primarily, strong; 
vigorous in body. 2. Brave ; courageous ; intrepid in 
danger ; heroic. 3. Performed with valor ; bravely con- 
ducted ; heroic. 

VAL'IANT-LY, adv. 1. Stoutly; vigorously; with person- 
al strength. 2. Courageously ; bravely ; heroically. 

VAI/IANT-NESS, n. 1. Stoutness ; strength.— 2. Most gen- 
erallii, valor ; bravery ; intrepidity in danger. 

VAL'ID, a. [Fr. valide. ; L. validus.] 1. Having sufficient 
strength or force ; founded in truth ; sound ; that can be 
supported ; not weak or defective. 2. Having legal 
strength or force ; efficacious ; executed with the proper 
formalities ; that can not be rightfully overthrown or set 
aside ; supportable by law or right. 3. Strong ; power- 
ful : [obs.] — Syn. Prevalent ; available ; efficacious ; just ; 
weighty : good ; sufficient. 

VAL-ID- a'TION, n. The act of giving validity to. — Knowles. 

rA-LID'I-TY, ?i. [Fr. validite.] 1. Strength or force to con- 
vince ; justness ; soundness. 2. Legal strength or force ; 
that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in law 
or equity. 3. Value. — Shah. ; [not in use.] 

VAL'ID-LY, adn. In a valid manner ; in such a manner or 
decree as to make firm or to convince. 

VAL'ID-NESS, n. Validity, which see. 

VAL'INCH. n. A tube for drawing liquors from a cask by 
the bung hole. 

VA-LYSE', n. [Fr.] A small leather sack or case, opening on 
the side, for containing the clothes, &c, of a traveler. 

VAL-LAN'CY. n. [from valance.] A large wig that shades 
the face. — Dryden. 

VAL-L a'TION, n. [L.vallatus.] An entrenchment. — Warton. 

VAL'LEY, n. ; pi. Valleys. [Fr. vallee; L. vallis.] 1. A 
hollow or low tract of land between hills or mountains. 
2. A low, extended plain, usually alluvial, penetrated or 
washed by a river. — 3. In building, the gutter or internal 
angle formed by two inclined sides of a roof. Brande. — 
Syn. Vale ; dale ; dingle ; dell ; hollow. 

VAL'LUM. n. f.L.] A rampart, trench, or wall.— Warton. 
VA-Lo'N'i'-A,«. A species of acorn, produced in the Morea 
and the Levant, and used by tanners. — M'Culloch. 



VAL'OR, n. [L. valor • Fr. valeur.] Strength of mind in re- 
gard to danger ; that quality which enables a man to en- 
counter danger with firmness. — Syn. Bravery ; courage , 
intrepidity ; prowess ; gallantry ; boldness ; fearlessness. 

VAL'OR-OUS, a. Brave; courageous; stout; intrepid. 

VAL'OR-OUS-LY, ado. In a brave manner; heroically. 

VAL'U-A-BLE, a. [Fr. valable.] 1. Having value or worth ; 
having some good qualities which are useful and esteemed. 
2. Deserving esteem. -Syn. Precious; costly; estimable. 

VAL'U-A-BLE-NESS, n. Preciousness ; worth. — Johnson* 

VAL-U-a'TION, n. [from value.] 1. The act of estimating 
the value or worth ; the act of setting a price. 2. Ap- 
prizement. 3. Value set upon a thing ; estimated worth. 

VAL-H-A.TOR, n. One who sets a value ; an apprizer. 

VAL'UE (val'yu), n. [Fr. valoir ; valu; It. valore ; Sp. valor.) 
1. That property or those properties of a thing which ren- 
der it useful or "estimable ; or the degree of that property 
or of such properties. 2. Price ; the rate of worth set 
upon a commodity, or the amount for which a thing is 
sold. 3. Worth; [applied to persons.] 4. High rate or es- 
timation. 5. Importance ; efficacy in producing effects. 
6. Import; precise signification. 

VAL'UE (val'yu), v. t. 1. To estimate the worth of ; to rate 
at a certain price ; to apprize. 2. To rate at a high price ; 
to have in high esteem. 3. To esteem ; to hold in respect 
and estimation. 4. To take account of. 5. To reckon or 
estimate with respect to number or power. 6. To con- 
sider with respect to importance. 7. To raise to estima- 
tion ; [obs.] 8. To be worth; [obs.] — Syn. To compute; 
rate ; esteem ; respect ; regard ; prize. 

VAL'UED (val'yude), pp. or a. Estimated at a certain rate , 
apprized: esteemed. 

VAL'UE-LESS, a. Being of no value ; having no worth. 

VAL'U-ER, n. One who values ; an apprizer ; one who 
holds in esteem. 

VAL'U-ING, ppr. Setting a price on ; estimating the wortl> 
of; esteeming. 

VALV'ATE, a. Having or resembling a valve ; valvular -, 
consisting of valves. 

VALVE (valv), n. [L. valva-.] 1. A folding-door. 2. A lid 
or cover to an aperture, so formed as to open a commu- 
nication in one direction, and close it in the other. — 3. In 
anatomy, a membranous partition within the cavity of a 
vessel, which opens to allow the passage of a fluid in one 
direction, and shuts to prevent its regurgitation. — 4. In 
botany, a name given to the pieces into which a pericarp 
naturally separates when it bursts ; also to similar parts 
in other organs, as the anther. — Brande. 5. One of the 
pieces or divisions in bivalve and multivalve shells. 

VALV.ED, a. Having valves ; composed of valves. 

VALV'LET, }n. A little valve ; one of the pieces which 

VALVULE, ) compose the outer covering of a perl 
carp. 

VALV'U-LAR, a. Containing valves.— Med. Diet. 

t VAM'BRaCE, n. [Fr. avant-bras.] Inplate armor, the pieo 
which protected the arm below the elbow.— Brande. 

VAMP, n. [W. gwam.] The upper -leather of a shoe. 

VAMP, v. t. To piece an old thing with a new part; to -re- 
pair. — Swift. 

VAMPED (vampt), pp. Pieced ; repaired. 

VAMP'ER, n. One who pieces an old thing with something 
new. 

VAMPING, ppr. Piecing with something new. 

VAM'PIRE, n. [G. vampyr.] 1. In mythology, an lu.agin. 
ary demon, which was fabled to suck the blood of persciw 
during the ni<rht.— 2. In zoology, a name applied to ptertt 
pus Edwardsii, or the great bat of Madagascar ; also to 
phyllostoma spectrum, or the vampire bat of New Spain , 
also of the genus of bats named vampyrus. The vampire 
bat of New Spain has been accused of causing the death 
of men and brute animals by sucking their blood. It is 
about six inches long, makes a very small wound, and 
therefore can hardly do serious injury.— 3. Figuratively, 
one who lives upon another ; a bloodsucker. 

VAM'PIlt-ISM, n. The actions of a vampr.e; the practic* 
of blood-sucking; figuratively, the practice of extortion. 

VAM'PLITE, n. A round plate of iron on a tilting spear 
to protect the hand. — Fosbroke. 

VAN, n. [Fr. avant, avancer.] 1. The froit of an army ; of 
the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in sail 
ing or in battle.— 2. Among farmers, a fan for winnowing 
grain ; [this, in New England, is always pronounced fan, 
which see.] — 3. In mining, the cleansing of ore or tin atufl 
by means of a shovel. 4. A wing with which the air is 
beaten. 5. A large light-covered wagon, for transporting 
goods, &c. 

t VAN. v. t. [Fr. vanncr.] To fan. See Fan. 

* VAN-€oU'RI-ERS (-koo're-erz), n.pl. [Fr. avant-courcurs.] 
In armies, light-armed soldiers sent before armies to beat 
the road upon the approach oi an enemy ; precursors.— 

VAN'-FOSS, n. A ditch on the outside of the counter- 



scarp. 



* Sf, Synopsis, i, 2, 1, &c., long— a, K, 1, &c„ short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M(JV£, BOOK, 



VAP 



1103 



VAR 



VAN'-GUaRD (-gard), n. [van and guard.] The troops who 
inarch in front of an army ; the first line. 

VAN'A-DaTE, ? n. A compound of vanadic acid and a 

VA-Na'DI-ATE, 5 hase. 

VA-NADTG ACID, n. A compound of vanadium and oxy- 
gen in the proportion of one equivalent of vanadium and 
three of oxygen. — Berzelius. 

VA-NAD'IN-iTE, n. The mineral vanadate of lead, occurring 
in yellowish and brownish hexagonal crystals. — Dana. 

VA-Na'DI-UM, n. [from Vanadis, a Scandinavian deity.] A 
metal discovered by Sefstrom in 1830. It considerably re- 
sembles silver in appearance. It is extremely brittle, and 
is not oxydized either by air or water. 

VAN DAL, n. [It signifies a wanderer.] 1. The name of one 
of the most barbarous of the northern nations, that in- 
vaded Home in the 5th century, notorious for destroying 
the monuments of art and literature. Hence, 2. One hos- 
tile to the arts and literature ; one who is ignorant, bar- 
barous, and ferocious. 

VAN-DAL'f€, a. Pertaining to the Vandal3 ; ferocious ; 
rude ; barbarous. 

VAN'DAL-ISM, n. The spirit or conduct of Vandals ; fero- 
cious cruelty ; hostility to the arts and literature.— Ram- 
say. 

VAN-DYKE', n. A small round covering for the neck, worn 
by females, as seen in the portraits painted by Vandyke, in 
the reign of Charles I. 

PaNE, n. [D. vaan.) 1. A plate or thin slip of metal wool, 
&c, placed on a spindle, at the top of a spire, for the pur- 
pose of showing, by its turning and direction, which way 
the wind blows. 2. The thin, membranous part or web 
of a leather on the side of the shaft. — Paley. 

7ANG, n. The vangs of a ship are a sort of braces to steady 
the peak of a gaff. 

FA-NIL'LA, n. A genus of orchidaceous plants, natives of 
tropical America. The capsule of vanilla aromatica is re- 
markable for its fragrant odor, and for the volatile odorif- 
erous oil extracted from it. 

1/AN'ISH, v. i. [L.vanesco; Fr. cvanouir.] 1. To disappear; 
to pass from a visible to an invisible state. 2. To disap- 
pear ; to pass beyond the limit of vision. 3. To disap- 
pear ; to pass away ; to be annihilated or lost. 

VAN'ISH, n. A sound that gradually becomes weaker till 
it ceases. — Rush. 

VAN'lSfLED (van'isht), a. Having no perceptible existence. 
— rope. 

VAN'ISH-ING, ppr. Disappearing ; passing from the sight 
or possession ; departing forever. — Vanishing line, in per- 
spective, the intersection of the parallel of any original 
plane and the picture. — Vanishing point, the point to 
which all parallel lines in the same plane tend in the rep- 
rcsen tation. — Gwilt. 

VANTSH-MENT, n. A vanishing.— Quincy. 

VAN'1-TY, n. [Fr. vanite; L.vanitas.] 1. Emptiness; want 
of stibstance to satisfy desire ; uncertainty ; inanity. 2. 
Fruitless desire or endeavor. 3. Trifling labor that pro- 
duces no good. 4. Emptiness; untruth. 5. Empty pleas- 
ure ; vain pursuit ; idle show ; unsubstantial enjoyment. 
6. Ostentation ; arrogance. — Raleigh. 7. Inflation of mind 
upon slight grounds ; empty pride, inspired by an over- 
weening conceit of one's personal attainments or decora- 
tions. 

VAN'QUISH (vank'wish), v. t. [Fr. vaincre ; L. vinco ; It. 
vivcere ; Sp. vincer.] 1. To subdue in battle, as an enemy. 
2. To defeat in any contest ; to refute in argument. — Syn. 
To conquer; surmount; overcome; confute; silence. 

VAN'QUISH, n. A disease in sheep, in which they pine 
away. 

VAN'QJJISH-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered.— Gayton. 

VAN'QUISHI?D (vank'wisht), pp. or a. Overcome in bat- 
tle : subdued. 

VAN'Q.UiSH-ER, a. A conqueror ; a victor.— Milton. 

VAN'QUISH-ING, ppr. Conquering ; subduing ; defeating ; 
refutina. 

VAN'SIRE, n. A small carnivorous quadruped, somewhat 
resembling a weasel, inhabiting Madagascar and the Isle 
of France. 

VXNT. v. ?'. [Fr. vanter.] To boast. -See Vaunt. 

VANTAGE, n. [Sp. ventaja.] 1. Gain; profit; [obs.] 2. 
Superiority ; state in which one has better means of ac- 
tion or defense than another ; [used only in the compound 
vantageground.) 3. Opportunity ; convenience ; [obs.] 
VANTAGE, v. t. To profit. 

VAN'TAGE-G ROUND, n. Superiority of state or place; 
the place or condition which gives one an advantage over 
another. 

t VANT'BRISS, n. [Fr. avant-bras.] Armor for the arm. 

VAPTD, a. [L. vapidus.] 1. Having lost its life and spirit; 
dead ; spiritless ; flat. 2. Dull ; unanimated. 

VAP'ID-LY, adv. In a vapid manner. 

VAP'ID-NESS, In. 1. The state of having lost its life or 

VA-P1D'I-TY. 5 spirit; deadness ; flatness. 2. Dullness; 
want of life or spirit. 



Va'POR n. [L., Sp. vapor ; Fr. vapeur ; It. vaporc.] 1. In a 
general sense, an invisible, elastic fluid, rendered aeriform 
by heat, and capable of being condensed, or brought back 
to the liquid or solid state, by cold. 2. A visible fluid 
floating in the atmosphere. 3. Substances resembling 
smoke, which sometimes till the atmosphere, particularly 
in America during the autumn. 4. Wind ; flatulence. 5. 
Mental fume; vain imagination ; unreal fancy. — (5. Vapors, 
a disease of nervous debility, in which a variety of strange 
images float in the brain, or appear as if visible. 7. Some- 
thing unsubstantial, fleeting, or transitory. — James, iv. 

Va'POR, v. i. [L. vaporo.] 1. To pass olf in fumes or a 
moist, floating substance ; to steam ; to be exhaled ; to 
evaporate. 2. To emit fumes ; [liulc used.] 3. To bully ; 
to boast or vaunt with a vain, ostentatious display of 
worth ; to brag. 

VI'POR, v. t. To emit, cast off, or scatter in fumes or 
steam. 

Va'POR-BaTH, n. 1. The application of vapor to the body 
in a close place ; also, the place itself. — 2. In chemistry, an 
apparatus for heating bodies by the vapor of water. — Cyc. 

VAP-O-RA-BILl-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
vaporization. — Dispensatory. 

VAP'O-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into vapor 
by the agency of caloric. 

VAP'O-RaTE, v. i. To emit vapor. See Evaporate. 

VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. [L. vapora-.io.] The act or process ol 
converting into vapor, or of passing off in vapor. 

Va'POR-ED, a. 1. Moist ; wet with vapors. 2. Splenetic.; 
peevish. — Green. 

Va'POR-EPc, n. A boaster ; one who makes a vaunting dis- 
play of his prowess or worth ; a braggart. 

VAP-O-RIFTG, a. [L. vapor and facio] Forming into va- 
por ; converting into steam, or expelling in a volatile 
form, as fluids. 

Va'POR-ING, ppr. Boasting ; vaunting ostentatiously and 
vainly. 

Va'POR-ING-LY, adv. In a boasting manner. 

Va'POR-ISH, a. 1. Full of vapors. 2. Hypochondriac, 
affected by hysterics. — Syn. Splenetic ; peevish ; humor 
some. 

VAP'O-Rl-ZA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into 
vapor. 

VAP-O-RI-ZITION, n. The artificial formation of vapor. 

VAP'OR-TZE, v. t. To convert into vapor by the applica 
tion of heat or artificial means. 

VAP'OR-iZE, v. i. To pass oft* in vapor. 

VAP'OR-IZSD, pp. Expelled in vapor. 

VAP'OR IZ-ING, ppr. Converting into vapor. 

Va'POR-OUS, a. [Fr. vaporeux.] 1. Full of vapors or eat 
halations. 2. Vain ; unreal ; proceeding from the vapors 
3. Windy; flatulent 

Va'POR-OUS-NESS, n. State of being full of vapors. 

Va'POR- Y, a. 1. Vaporous; full of vapors.— Thomson. 2 
Hypochondriac; splenetic; peevish.— Thomson. 

tVAP-U-LA'TION, n. [L. vapulo.] The act of beating « 
whipping. 

IVaRE, n. [Sp. vara.] A wand or staff of justice. 

VAR'EC, n. The French name for kelp or incinerated sea 
weed; wrack. — Ure. 

Va'Ri, n. A species of lemur found in Madagascar. 

Va'RI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. See Vary] I. That may vary or 
alter; capable of alteration in any manner. 2. Susccpti 
ble of change ; liable to change. — 3. In mathematics, sub- 
ject to continual increase or decrease. — Syn. Changeable ; 
mutable ; fickle ; wavering ; unsteady ; versatile ; incon- 
stant. 

Va'RI-A-BLE, n. In mathematics, a quantity which is in a 
state of continual increase or decrease. 

Va'RI-A-BLE-NESS, In. 1. Susceptibility of change; lia- 

Va-RI-A-BIL'I-TY, 5 bleness or aptness to alter ; change- 
ableness. 2. Inconstancy ; fickleness ; unsteadiness j 
levity. 

Vl'RI-A-BLY, adv. Changeably ; with alteration ; in an in- 
constant or fickle manner. 

Va'RI-ANCE, n. 1. In law, an alteration of something for- 
merly laid in a writ ; or a difference between a declara- 
tion and a writ, or the deed on which it is grounded. 2. 
Any alteration or change of condition. 3. Difference that 
produces dispute or controversy ; disagreement ; dissen- 
sion ; discord. — At variance. 1. In disagreement ; in a 
state of difference. 2. In a state of dissension or of en- 
mity. 

VaIU-ANT, a. Different ; diverse.— Rawle. 

Va'RI-aTE, v. t. 1. To alter ; to make different. — King. 2. 
To vary ; [a bad word] 

Va-RI-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. varia'io.] 1. Alteration ; a par- 
tial change in the form, position, stat^, or qualities of the 
same thing. 2. Difference ; change from one to another. 
— 3. In grammar, change of termination of nouns and ad- 
jectives, constituting what is called case, number, and gen~ 
der. 4. Deviation. — 5. In astronomy, the variation of the 
moon is an inequality of the moon's motion depending oo 



DOVE -.-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.—€ as K ; <> as J ; S aa Z *H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



VAR 



1104 



VA.U 



eae angular distance of the moon from the sun. Brandt. 
—6. In geography and navigation, the deviation of the mag- 
netic needle from the true north point ; called also decli- 
nation. — 7. In music, the different manner of singing or 
playing the same air or tune, by subdividing the notes Into 
several others of less value, or by adding graces, yet so 
that the tune itself may be discovered through all its em- 
bellishments. — Calculus of variations, a branch of mathe- 
matics, whose principal object is to solve cervain classes 
of questions respecting maxima and minima, which .an not 
be solved by the ordinary processes of the differen.ial cal- 
culus, bran de. — Svn. Change; vicissitude; variety; mu- 
tation ; deviation. 

VAR'I-€0-CkLE. n. [L. varix, and Gr. Kn\n.] In surgery, a 
cirsocele ; a varicose enlargement of the veins of the sper- 
matic cord ; or, more, rarely, a like enlargement of the 
veins of the scrotum. 

VAR'l-CoSE, \a. [L. varicosus.] Preternatu rally enlarged 

VAR'l-€OUS, 5 or permanently dilated; [applied only to 
the veins.] 

Va'RI ED, pp. or a. [from wry.] Altered; partially changed ; 
changed._ 

Va'RI-E-GaTE, v. t. [It. varieggiare ; L. vario, varius.] To 
diversify in external appearance ; to mark with different 
colors.— Syn. To vary ; streak ; stripe ; freak ; checker ; 
dapple. 

Va'RJ-E-Ga-TED. pp. or a. Diversified in colors or exter- 
nal appearance. 

Va'RI-E-Ga-TING, ppr. Diversifying with colors. 

Va-RI-E-Ga'TION, n. The act of diversifying, or state of 
being diversified by different colors ; diversity of colors. 

VA-Rl'E-TY, n. [Fr. variete ; L. varietas.] 1. Intermixture 
of different things, or of things different in form ; or a suc- 
cession of different things. 2. One thing of many which 
constitute variety. 3. Difference; dissimilitude; diversi- 
ty. 4. Variation ; deviation ; change from a former state. 
5. Many and different kinds ; a medley. — 6. In natural 
history, a difference not permanent or invariable, but oc- 
casioned by an accidental change. It is subordinate to 
species. 7. Different sort. 

Va'RI-FORM, a. Having different shapes or forms. 

Va'RI-FORMED, a. Formed with different shapes. 

Va'RI-FORM-ING, ppr. Making of different forms. 

Va'RI-O-LiTE, n. [L. varius, and Gr. XiOj^.] A kind of por- 
phyritic rock, having a spotted appearance. 

Va'RI-O-LOID, n. [L. variola, and Gr. eifios, form.] A 
name recently given to a particular variety of the small- 
pox. 

VA-Rl'O-LOUS. a. [L. variola, from vario.] Pertaining to 
or designating the smallpox ; having pits or sunken im- 
pressions like those of the small-pox. 

VA-RI-O'RUM. [L.J Variorum editions of the classics are 
those containing the notes of various commentators, cum 
not is variorum. — Brande. 

Va'RI-OUS, a. [L. varius.] 1. Different; several; manifold. 
2. Changeable ; uncertain ; unfixed. 3. Unlike each other; 
diverse. 4. Variegated ; diversified. 

Va'R1-OUS-LY, ado.~ In different ways ; with change; with 
diversity. 

Va'RIX, n. [L.] An uneven dilatation of a vein. 

VXR'LET, n. [OldFr. See Valet.] 1. Anciently, a servant 
or footman. — Ttisser, 2. A scoundrel ; a rascal. 

\ VXR'LET-RY, n, The rabble : the crowd.— SAafc. 

VaR'NISH, n. [Fr. verms ; Sp. barniz ; Port, verniz ; Jtver- 
nice.] 1. A thick, viscid, glossy liquid, consisting of a so- 
lution of resinous matter, laid on work by painters and 
others, to give it a smooth, hard surface and a beautiful 
gloss. 2. An artificial covering to give a fair appearance 
to any act or conduct. 

VaR'NISH, v. t. [Fr. vernisser, vernir.] 1. To lay varnish 
on ; to cover with a liquid, for giving any thing a glossy 
surface. 2. To cover with something that gives a fair ex- 
ternal appearance. 3. To give a fair external appearance 
in words ; to i,uve. a fair coloring to ; to gloss ; to palliate. 

VaR'NISH-TREE, n. A large shrub or small tree of Japan, 

the rhus veruicifera. nearly resembling the swamp sumach. 

VaR'NISHED (var'nisht). pp. 1. Covered with varnish ; 

made glossy. 2. Rendered fair in external appearance. 

VAR'NISH-ER, n. 1. One who varnishes, or whose occu- 
pation is to varnish. 2. One who disguises or palliates ; 
one who sires a fair external appearance. — Pope. 
VaR'NISH-ING, ppr. Laying on varnish; giving a fair ex- 
ternal appearance. 

VaR'NISH-ING. 7i. The act of laying on varnish. 

VaRT'A-BED, n. One of an order of ecclesiastics in the Ar- 
menian Church. They differ from the priests by living in 
seclusion and in cel.bacy. They also preach, while the 
priests do not. The bishops are all taken from the order 
of Variabeds. and are ordained by them. — Coleman. 
VTXR'VELS, > n. pi. [Fr. vervcl.] Silver rings about the legs 
VER'VELS, j of a hawk, on which the owner's name is 

engraver!. 
VaR'VI-CiTE, n. An ore of manganese. — Brande 



Va'RY, v. t. [L. vario; Fr. varier ; Sp. variar ; It. vanareJ 
1. To alter in form, appearance, substance, or position; 
to make different by a partial change. 2. To change Ui 
something else. 3. To make of different kinds. 4. To di- 
versify ; to variegate. 

Va'RY, v. i. 1. To alter or be altered in any manner; to 
sutler a partial change. 2. To be changeable ; to alter. 3. 
To differ or be different ; to be unlike. 4. To be changed ; 
to become different. 5. To become unlike one's self; to 
alter. 6. To deviate ; to depart. 7. To alter or change in 
succession. 8. To disagree ; to dissent; to be at variance. 

t Va'RY, n. Alteration ; change. — Shah. 

Va'RY-ING, ppr. Altering ; changing ; deviating. 

VAS'€U-LAR, a. [L. vasculum, a vessel, from was.-] 1. Per 
taining to the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies. !£. 
Full of vessels ; consisting of animal or vegetable vessels, 
as arteries, veins, &c. 

VAS-€U-La.'ReS, n. pi. Plants which have stamers, pistils 
and spiral vessels, and bear proper dowers. — Liudley. 

VAS-CU-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of beins vascular. 

VAS-€U-LIF'ER,OUS, a. [L. vasculum and J 'era.] Vasculif 
erous plants are such as have seed-vessels divided intt 
cells. — Cyc. 

* VaSE, n. [Fr., from L. vas, vasa; It. vaso.] 1. A vessel 
for domestic use, or for use in temples. 2. An ancient 
vessel dug out of the ground or from rubbish, and kept ae 
a curiosity.— 3. In architecture, an ornament of sculpture, 
placed on socles or pedestals, representing one of the ves- 
sels of the ancients, as incense-pots, flower-pot-', &-c. 4. 
The body or naked ground of the Corinthian and Compos- 
ite capital; called, also, the tambour or drum.— 5. Among 
florists, the calyx of a plant. — 6. Amon? goldsmiths, the 
middle of a church candlestick. 7. A solid piece of orna- 
mental marble. [Down to the time of Walker, this word 
was made to rhyme with base, case, <fcc, and is still so pro- 
nounced, to a great extent, in the United States. In En- 
gland it is more commonly pronounced, as Walker givee 
it, vaze, though by some vaz, and by a few, vawz. — Ed.] 

VAS'SAL, n. [Fr. vassal ; It. vassallo ; Sp. vasallo.] 1. A 
feudatory ; a tenant ; one who holds land of a superior, 
and who vows fidelity and homage to him. 2. A subject; 
a dependent. 3. A servant. — 4. In common language, a 
bondman ; a political slave. 

VAS'S/iL, v. t. To subject to control; to enslave. 

VAS'SAL- A6E, n. [Fr. vasselage; Sp. vasnlage.] 1. The 
state of being a vassal or feudatory. 2. Political servitude ; 
dependence ; subjection ; slavery. 

VAS'SAL£D, pp. or a. Enslaved ; subjected to absolute 
power; as, a vassaled land. — Trumbull. 

VAST, a. [L. vastus ; Fr. vaste ; It. vasto.] 1. Being of sreat 
extent; very spacious or large. 2. Huge in bulk and ex- 
tent; as, the vast mountains of Asia. 3. Very great in 
numbers or amount. 4. Very great in force. 5. Very 
great in importance. — Syn. Enormous ; huge ; immense : 
mighty. 

VAST, n. An empty waste. — Milton. 

VAS-Ta'TION, n. [L. vaslatio.] A laying waste ; waste, 
depopulation. [Devastation is generally used.] 

VAS-TID'I-TY, n. Vastness ; immensity.— Shah. [Not En- 
glish.] 

VXST'I-TUDE, n. Vastness; immense extent. — Foster. 

VASTLY, adv. Very great ; to a great extent or degree. 

VXST'NESS, n. 1. Great extent ; immensity. 2. Immense 
bulk and extent. 3. Immense magnitude or amount 4 
Immense importance. 

VaSTY, a. Being of a great extent ; very spacious. [Rare.\ 

VAT, n. [D. vat; Sax. fat; G.fass.] 1. A large vessel or 
cistern for holding liquors in an immature state. 2. A 
square box or cistern in which hides are laid for steeping 
in tan. 3. An oil measure in Holland ; a wine measure. 
4. A square, hollow place on the back of a calcining fur- 
nace, where tin ore is laid to dry. 

VAT'I-CAN, n. [L. votes.] In Rome, a magnificent palace of 
the pope on the Vatican Hill, adjoining the celebrated 
Church of St. Peter, containing vast repositories of the 
arts, &c. 

VAT'I-ClDE, n. [L. votes and cado.] The murderer of a 
prophet. — Pope. 

VA-TIC'1-NAL (va-tis'e-nal), a. [L. vaticinor.] Containing 
prophecy. — TVarton. 

VA-TIC'1-NaTE, v. i. [L. vaticinor.] To prophesy ; to foro- 
tell ; to practice prediction.— Hoioell. [Little used.] 

VA-TIC-I-Na'TION, n. Prediction; prophecy.- Bzntley. 

VAUDE'VIL (vode'vil), v. [Fr. vaudeville.] A song common 
among the vulgar, and sung about the streets ; a ballad ; 
a trivial strain. — In the French theatre, a vaudeville is a 
piece whose dialogue is intermingled with light or comic 
songs. — Diet, de I Acad. 

* VAULT, n. [Fr. voute ; It. volta.] 1. A continued arch, or 
an arched roof. — Vaults are of various k'nds circular, el- 
liptical, single, double, cross, diagonal, Gothic, <fec. 2. A 
cellar. 3. A cave or cavern. 4. A repository for the dead. 
— 5. In the manege, the leap of a horse. 



** Synopsis. A , E, I, &c, long.- 1, K, 1 , &c. short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;- -Ho V'E. BOOK. 



VEG 



1105 



VEL 



VAULT, v. t. To arch ; to form with a vault ; or to cover 

with a vault. 
/AULT, v. i. [Sp. voltear ;• It voltare; Fr. vautrer.] 1. To 

leap ; to bound ; to jump ; to spring. 2. To tumble ; to 

exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping. 
VAULTAgE, n. Vaulted work ; an arched cellar. 
VAULTED, pp. or a. 1. Arched ; concave. 2. Covered with 

an arch or vault.— 3. a. In botany, arched like the roof of 

the mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers. 
VAULTER, n. One who vaults ; a leaper ; a tumbler. 
VAULTING, ppr. 1. Arching; covering with an arch. 2. 

Leaping; tumbling; exhibiting feats of leaping. 
» VAULT Y, a. Arched ; concave.— Skak. 
' VaUNT (vant), v. i. [Fr. ranter; It. vantarsi.] To boast; 

te make a vain display of one's own worth, attainments, or 

decorations ; to talk with vain ostentation ; to brag. 

* VaUNT, v. l. To boast of; to make a vain display of. 

* VaUNT, n. Boast ; glory ; a vain display of what one is, 
or has, or has done ; ostentation from vanity. — Milton. 

'■ VaUNT, n. [Fr. avant.} The first part.— Shak. 
VaUNT-€oU'RI-ER (vant-koo're-er), n. [Fr. avant-coureur.) 

A precursor. — Skak. See * Van-courieks. 
VaUNT'-MuRE, ». [Fr. avant-mur.] A false wall : a work 

raised in front of the main wall.— Camden. 

* V aUNT'ED, pp. or a. Vainly boasted of or displayed. 

* VaUNTER, n. A vain, conceited boaster; a brasgart; a 
man given to vain ostentation.— Spenser. 

* VaUNT'FUL, a. Boastful; vainly ostentatious. 

* VAUNTING, ppr. Vainly boasting ; ostentatiously setting 
forth what one is or has. 

* VAUNTING, n. Vainglorious boasting. 

* VaUNTTNG-L-Y, adv. Boastfully ; with vain ostentation. 
VAUQUE'LIN-ITE (vokelin-ite), n. Chromate of copper 

and lead, green of various shades. — Ure. 

VAV'A-SOfC n. [This word, in old books, is variously writ- 
ten, valvasor, vavasour, valvasour.] Camden holds that the 
vavasor was next below a baron. 

VAV'A-SO-RY. n. The quality or tenure of the fee held by 
avavasor. — Cue. 

rjA'WARD, n. '[van and ward.] The fore-part.— Shak. 

V. D. M. An abbreviation for L. verbi Dei minister, minis- 
ter of God's Word. 

VeAL, n. [Fr. veau.) The flesh of a calf killed for the table. 

fVECK, n. [It. vecchia; L.vetuln.] An old woman. — Chaucer. 

(■ VE€TION (vek'shun), n. [L. vectio.] The act of carrying, 
or state of being carried 

1 VEC-TI-Tl'TION, n. [L. vectito.] A carrying.— Arbuthnot. 

VECTOR, n. [L.J In astronomy, commonly called radius 
vector, which see. 

LECTURE, n. [L. vectura.) A carrying ; carriage ; con- 
veyance by carrying.— Bacon. [Little used.] 

Ve'Da, n. r The generic name of the four oldest sacred 
books of" the Hindoos, viz. : Rig, Yajust. Saman, and Ath- 
arvan, which were considered as directly revealed by 
Brahma. The word is sometimes written vedam. — Sir 
TV. Jones. 

VE-DETTE', n. [Fr. vedette : It. vedette.] A sentinel on horse- 
back, employed to reconnoitre. 

VEER, v. i. [Fr. virer ; Sp. birar ; D. vieren.] To turn ; to 
change direction. — To veer and haul, as wind to alter its 
direction. 

VEER, v. t. To turn. In this sense, wear is the word now 
used; as, to wear ship. Totten. — To veer out, to suffer to 
run, or to let out to a greater length. — To veer away, to let 
out ; to slacken and let run, as a cable. Totten. — To veer 
and haul, to pull tight and slacken alternately. 

1 VEERA-BLE, a. Changeable ; shifting.— Randolph. 

VEERED, pp. Turned ; changed in direction ; let out. 

VEERTNG, ppr. Turning ; letting out to a greater length. 

VEER'ING-LY, adv. Changingly ;" shiftingly. 

VEG-E-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [from vegetable.] Vegetable nature ; 
the quality of growth without sensation. — Brown. 

VEG'E-TA-BLE, n. [Fr.] 1. A plant ; an organized body 
destitute of sense and voluntary motion, deriving its nour- 
ishment through pores on its outer surface or vessels, in 
most instances adhering to some other body, as the earth, 
and, in general, propagating itself by seeds. — 2. In a more 
limited sense, vegetables are such plants as are used for cu- 
linary purposes, and cultivated in gardens, or are destined 
for feeding cattle and sheep. 

VEG'E-TA-BLE, a. 1. Belonging to plants. 2. Consisting 
of plants. 3. Having the nature of plants. — Vegetable-mar- 
row, the fruit of a species of gourd, cucurbila ovifcra. a na- 
tive of Persia. It is used for culinary purposes, and is 
named from the peculiar tenderness and softness of its 
flesh. Farm. Encyc. — Vegetable Ivory, a close-grained and 
very hard vegetable substance, resembling the finest ivory 
in texture and color, and often wrought into ornamental 
work. It is the product of a species of palm, the phyte- 
lephas macrocarpa, in the form of a nut called ivory nut, 
often as large as a hen's egg. — Silliman. 

\ VEG'E-TAL, n. A vegetable. — Ben Jonson. 

VEG'E-TAL, a. Having power to cause growth. 



VEA'E-TaTE, o. i. [L. vegeto; Fr. vegeter.] To sprout ; to 
germinate ; to grow, as plants ; to grow and be enlarged 
by nutriment imbibed from the earth, air, or water, by 
means of roots and leaves. 

VEg'E-Ta-TLNG, ppr. Germinating; spouting; crowing. 

VEG-E-TI'TION, 7i. [Fr.j 1. The process of growing, us 
plants, by means of nourishment derived from the earth, 
or from water and air, and received through the roots and 
leaves. _ 2. Vegetables or plants in general! 

VEg'E-Ta-TIVE, a. [Fr. vegetatif.] I. Growing, as plants. 
2. Having the power to produce growth in plants. 

VEg'E-Ta-Ti VE-NESS, n. The quality of producing growth 

VE-GETE', a. [L. vegetus.] Vigorous; active. — Hare. 

VEG'E-TlVE, a. [L. vegeto, vigeo.] Vegetable; having th« 
nature of plants ; as, vegetive life. — Tusser. [Little used.] 

i VEG'E-TlVE, n. A vegetable.— Sandys. 

VEG'E-TO-ANI-MAL, a. Partaking of the nature both of 
vegetable and animal matter. — Vegeto-animal matter is a 
term formerly applied to vegetable gluten. 

t VEg'E-TOUS, a. Vigorous ; lively ; vegete. — Ben Jonson. 

Ve'HE-MENCE. )n. [Fr. vehemence; L. vchemens.] 1. Vio 

Ve'HE-MEN-CY, $ lence ; great force ; properly, force de 
rived from velocity. 2. Violent ardor ; great heat ; ani- 
mated fervor. 

Ve'HE-MENT, a. [Fr. vchemens.] 1. Acting with great force 
or violence ; very forcible. 2. Very eager or urgent ; very 
fervent. — Syn. Furious ; violent ; impetuous ; passionate ; 
ardent; hot. 

Ve HE-MENT-LY, adv. 1. With great force and violence. 
2. Urgently ; forcibly; with great zeal or pathos. 

Ve'HI-€L2 (ve'he-kl), n. [Fr. vehicule ; L. vehiculum.] 1. 
That in which any thing is or may be carried: any kina 
of carriage moving on land, either on wheels or runners, 
particularly on wheels. 2. That which is used as the in- 
strument of conveyance ; as. the vehicle of thought. 3. A 
substance in which medicine is taken. 4. A menstruum in 
which paints, gums, &c, are dissolved and prepared for use. 

Ve'HI-CL-ED (ve'he-kld), a. Conveyed in a vehicle. 

VE-HICU-LAR. a. Pertaining to a vehicle. 

VEII'MIC, a. Vehmic courts were the tribunals of a secret 
society in Germany during the Middle Ages, which for a 
time held a powerful sway" over the people by their terri- 
ble executions. — Brande. 

VEIL (vale), n. [L. velum.] 1. A cover ; a curtain ; some 
thing to intercept the view and hide an object. 2. A cov 
er ; a disguise ; see Vail. 

VEIL (vale), v. t. To cover with a veil ; to conceal. 2. T-, 
invest ; to cover. 3. To hide ; see Vail. 

VEIN (vane), n. [Fr. veine; L. vena.] 1. A vessel in anima! 
bodies, which receives the blood from the extreme arte- 
ries, and returns it to the heart — 2. In plants, a tube, or au 
assemblage of tubes, through which the sap is transmitted 
along the leaves ; one of the ramifications of the petiole 
among the cellular tissue of the leaf. — 3. In geology, a seam 
of any substance, more or less wide, intersecting a rock of 
stratum, and not corresponding with the stratification. — 
Dana. 4. A streak or wave of different color, appearing 
in wood, marble, and other stones ; variegation. 5. A cav 
ity or fisnure in the earth or in other substance. 6. Ten- 
dency or turn of mind ; a particular disposition or cast of 
genius. 7. Current. 8. Humor ; particular temper. 9 
Strain ; quality. 

VEIN'-SToNE, n. The rock or mineral material which ac- 
companies or incloses ores in veins ; the gangue. — Ure. 

VEINED (vand), a. 1. Full of veins ; streaked ; variegated 
— 2. In botany, having vessels branching over the surface 
as a leaf. 

VEIN'ING (van'ing), a. Forming veins. 

VEIN'LESS, a. In botany, having no veins. — Barton. 

VEIN'Y, a. Full of veins ; as, veiny marble. — Thomson. 

VE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. velum and fero.] Bearing or carry- 
ing sails. — Evelyn. 

t VEL-I-TaTION, n. [L. velitatio.] A dispute or contest; a 
slight skirmish. — Burton. 

VE-LIVO-LANT, a. [L. velum and volo.] Passing under 
full sail. 

VELL, n. [qu. fell, a skin.] A rennet bag. [Local.] 

VELL, y.t. To cut ofl* the turf or sward of land. [Local.] 

VEL-Le'I-TY, n. [Fr. velleite ; L. vellc.] A term by which 
the schools express the lowest decree of desire. 

VEL'LETand VEL'LUTE, n. See Velvet. 

VEL'LI-CaTE, v. t. [L. vcllico.] To twitch; to stimulate ; 
applied to the muscles and fibres of animals ; to cause to 
twitch convulsively. — Cyc. 

VEL'LI-€a-TED, pp. Twitched or caused to twitch. 

VEL'LI-€a-TING, ppr. Twitching ; convulsing. 

VEL-LI-Ca'TION, 7i. 1. The act of twitching, or of causing 
to twitch. 2. A twitching or convulsive motion of a mus- 
cular fibre. 

VEL'LI-€A-TlVE, a. Having the power of velhcating. 
plucking, or twitching. 

\'EL'LUM. 7i. [Fr. velin ; D. vel.] A finer kind of parch- 
ment or skin, rendered clear and white for writing. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 
4 A 



YEN 



1106 



YEN 



VEL'LUM-PoST, n. A particular sort of superior writing 

paper. 
VEL'LUM-Y, a. Resembling vellum. 
VE-LO'CE (ve-16'cha), n. [It.] In music, quick. 
VE-LOC'I-P P2DE, n. [L. velox, swift, and. pes, foot.] A car- 
riage having two wheels, one before the other, in a line, 
connected by a beam, on which the person sits astride, and 
propels the vehicle by striking the tips of his toes against 
the earth . 
VE-LOC'I-TY (ve-los'e-te), n. [Fr. velocite ; L. velocitas.] 1. 
A moving with great rapidity ; as, the velocity of wind. 
We apply celerity to animals ; as, a horse or an ostrich 
runs with celerity, and a stream runs with rapidity or ve- 
locity ; but bodies moving in the air or in ethereal space, 
move with greater or less velocity, not celerity. — 2. In phi- 
losophy, velocity is that aifection of motion by which a body 
moves over a certain space in a certain time. — Syn. Swift- 
ness , celerity ; rapidity ; fleetness ; speed. 
fVEI/URE, n. [Ft. velours.] Velvet.— Shak. 
VEL'VET, n. [It. velluto ; Sp. velluda.] A rich silk stuff, 
covered with a close, short, fine, soft snag or nap. — Cotton 
velvet, an imitation of velvet, made of cotton ; also called 
velveteen. 
VEL'VET, v. t. To paint velvet.— Peacham. 
VEL'VET, > a. Made of velvet ; or soft and delicate, like 
VEL'VET-ED, $ velvet. 
VEL'VET-PIV.ED, a. Paved with velvet. 
VEL-VET-EEN', n. A kind of cloth made of cotton, in im- 
itation of velvet ; cotton velvet. 
VEL'VET-ING, n. The fine shag of velvet.— Cyc. 
VEL'VET- Y, a. Made of velvet, or like velvet ; soft ; smooth ; 

delicate. — Med. Repos. 
VK'NAL, a. [L. vena.] Pertaining to a vein or to veins ; con- 
tained in the veins ; as, venal blood. 
VERNAL, a. [L. venalis.] 1. Mercenary ; prostitute ; that may 
be bought or obtained for money or other valuable consid- 
eration. 2. That may be sold ; set to sale. 3. Purchased. 
VE-NAL'I-TY, n. Mercenariness ; the state of being influ- 
enced by money ; prostitution of talents, offices, or serv- 
ices for money or reward. 
VEN'A-RY, a. [L. venor, to hunt.] Relating to hunting. 
VE-NAT'I€, \a. [L. venaticus, from venor.] Used in 
VE-NAT1€-AL, $ hunting. 
vE-Na'TION, n. [L. venatio.] 1. The act or practice of 

hunting. 2. The state of being hunted. 
VE-Na'TION, n. In botany, the manner in which the veins 

of leaves are arranged. — Lindley. 
VEND, v. t. [L. vendo ; Fr. vendre; It. vendere; Sp. vender.] 
To sell ; to transfer a thing, and the exclusive right of pos- 
sessing it, to another person for a pecuniary equivalent. 
Vending differs from barter. We vend for money ; we 
barter for commodities. 
* VEND'ED, pp. Sold ; transferred for money, as goods. 
VEND-EE', n. The person to whom a thing is sold. 
VEND'ER, 7i. [Fr. vendeur.] A seller ; one who transfers 
the exclusive right of possessing a thing, either his own, 
or that of another as his agent. 
VEND-I-EIL'I-TY, \n. The state of being vendible or 
VEND'1-BLE-NESS, J salable. 
VEND'I-BLE, a. [L. vendibilis.] Salable ; that may be sold ; 

that can be sold ; as, vendible goodo. 
VEND'I-BLE, n. Something to be sold or offered for sale. 
VEND'I-BLY, adv. In a salable manner. 
! \ VEN-DI-TA'TION, n. [L. venditatio.] A boastful display. 
VEN-Dl"TION (ven-dish'un),n. [Fr.; L.venditio.] The act 

of selling; sale. 
VEND-OR', n. A vender ; a seller. 
VEN-DuE', n. [Fr. vendu, sold.] Auction ; a public sale of 

any thing by outcry to the highest bidder. 
VEN-DOE'-MaS-TER, n. One who is authorized to make 
sale of any property to the highest bidder, by notification 
and public outcry ; an auctioneer. 
VE-NEER, v. t. [G. furnieren.] To lay, or fix firmly, thin 
leaves of a fine or superir i wood over a coarse or inferior 
wood, so as to give the latter the appearance of a solid 
mass of the former. — Hebert. 
VE-NEER', n. A thin leaf of a superior wood for overlay- 
ing an inferior wood. 
VE-NEER.ED', pp. Overlaid with a thin leaf of a superior 

wood. 
VE-NEER'ING, ppr. Overlaying with a thin leaf of a supe- 
rior wood. 
VE-NEER'ING, n. The act or art of overlaying a coarse or 
inferior wood with thin leaves of superior wood ; the cov- 
ering thus laid on. 
\ VEN'E-FlCE, n. [L.veneficium.] The practice of poisoning. 
VEN-E-FI"CIAL (ven-e-fish'al), )a. [L.venejlcium.] Acting 
VEN-E-FI"CIOUS (ven-e-fish'us), 5 by poison ; bewitching. 

J Little used.] 
VEN-E-FI"CIOUS-LY, adv. By poison or witchcraft. [Rare.] 
VENOMOUS, a. See Venomous. 

VEN'E-NaTE, v. t. [L. veneno.] To poison ; to infect with 
poison. — Harvey. 



VEN-E-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of poisoning. 2. Poison. 
t VE-NeNE', \a. [Fv.veneneux.] Poisonous ; >enomoas 
t VEN'E-NoSE, 5 —Harvey. 

t VEN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being venerable. 
VEN'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. venerabilis.] 1. Worthy of ven- 
eration or reverence ; deserving of honor and respect. 2 
Rendered sacred by religious associations, or being conse- 
crated to God and to his worship ; to be regarded with 
awe and treated with reverence. 
VEN'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being venerable 
VEN'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite reverence. 
VEN'ER-aTE, v. t. [Fr. venerer ; L. veneror.] To regard 
with respect and reverence. — Syn. To reverence ; revere : 
adore. 
VEN'ER-a-TED, pp. or a. Reverenced ; treated with honcw 

and respect. 
VEN'ER-a-TING, ppr. Regarding with reverence. 
VEN-ER-a'TION, n. [Ft.; L. veneratio.] The highest de 
gree of respect and reverence ; respect mingled witti 
some degree of awe. 
VEN'ER-a-TOR, n. One who venerates and reverences. 
VE-Ne'RE-AL, a. [L. venereus, from Venus.] 1. Pertaining 
to sexual intercourse. 2. Connected with sexual inter 
course. 3. Adapted to the cure of venereal diseases. 4 
Adapted to excite venereal desire ; aphrodisiac. 5. Con 
sisting of, or pertaining to, copper, formerly called bj 
chemists Venus; [obs.] 
t VE-Ne'RE-AN, a. VeneTeal-Howell 
VE-NE'RE-OUS, a. [L. venereus.] Lustful ; libidinous 
t VEN'ER-OUS, for venereous. 
VEN'ER-Y, n. [from Venus.] Sexual intercourse. 
VEN'ER-Y, n. [Fr. venerie ; L. venor.] The act or exercis* 

of hunting ; the sports of the chase. 
VEN-E-SECTION, n. [L. vena and sectio.] The act of open 

ing a vein for letting blood ; blood-letting ; phlebotomy. 
VE-Ne'TIAN, a. Belonging to Venice. — Venetian chalk, 8 
white compact talc or steatite, used for marking on cloth, 
&c. Dana. — Venetian door, a door having long, narrow 
windows on the sides. — Venetian window, one consisting 
of a main window with a long and narrow window on 
each 6ide. — Venetian blind, a blind for windows, doors, 
&c, made of thin slats set in a frame, movable on end 
pins, and so disposed as to overlap each when close, and 
to show a series of open spaces for the admission of ah 
and light when in the other position, 
t VEN'EY, n. [Fr. venez, from venir.) A bout ; a thrust ; a 
hit; a turn at fencing. — Shak. [Sometimes spelled venetc.) 
t VENGE (venj), v. t. [Fr. venger.] To avenge ; to punish, 
t VENdE'A-BLE, a. Revengeful— Spenser. 
VENgE'ANCE, n. [Fr.] The infliction of pain on brother, 
in return for an injury or offense.— With a vengeance, iu 
familiar language, signifies with great violence or vehe- 
mence. 
VENGE'FUL, a. 1. Vindictive ; retributive. 2. Revengeful 
VENgE'FUL-LY, adv. Vindictively. 
VENoE'MENT, n. Avengement; penal retribution, 
f VENG'ER, n. An avenger. — Spenser. 
t VE'NI-A-BLE, a. Venial; pardonable. — Brown. 
t VE'NI-A-BLY, adv. Pardonably ; excusably. — Brown. 
VE'NI-AL, a. [ltveniale; Sp. venial ; Fr. venieh] 1. That 
may be forgiven; pardonable; as, a venial fault. — 2. In 
familiar language, excusable ; that may be allowed or 
permitted to pass without censure. 3. Allowed. — Venial 
sin, in the Roman Catholic Church, a sin which weakens, 
but does not wholly destroy, sanctifying grace, like mortal 
ur deadly sins. It does not, therefore, exclude from abso- 
lution and communion, when there is evidence of repent- 
ance. — Brande. — Encyc. Am. 
VeOT-AL-LY, adv. Pardonably. 

Ve'NI-AL-NESS, n. State of being excusable or pardonable. 
VE-NI'RE, )n. [L.] In law, a writ or precept 

VE-Ni'RE Fa'CI-AS, £ directed to the sheriff, requiring 
him to summon a person indicted for some criminal act 
to appear in court ; also, a writ requiring him to summon 
jurors in a particular case. — Bouvier. 
* VEN'I-SON (ven'e-zn or ven'zn), n. [Fr. venaison; L. ve- 
natio.] The flesh of edible beasts of chase. — In England, 
the word is now especially applied to the flesh of deer, 
hares, and certain birds called game. — Booth. It is, in the 
United States, applied exclusively to the flesh of the deer. 
VE'NI, Vl'Dl, Vl'CI. [L.] I came, I saw, I conquered 
These were the words which Cesar used when he in 
formed the Roman Senate of his victories in Gaul. 
VEN'OM, n. [Fr. venln; It. veneno; L. venenum.] 1. Poison; 
matter fatal or injurious to life.— Venom is generally used 
to express noxious matter that is applied externally, or 
that is discharged from animals, as that of bites and 6ting8 
of serpents, scorpions, <fcc. ; and poison, to express sub 
stances taken into the stomach. 2. Spite ; malice. 
VEN'OM, v. t. m o poison ; to infect with venom. 
VEN'OM£D, pp Poisoned ; infected with poison. 
VEN'OM-OUS, a. 1. Poisonous ; noxious to animal life. 
2. Infected with renom ; as, a venomous brood.— 3. Figu- 



See Synopsis. 1. f, I, Sue., long.—&, f t &c, short F X R FAU- WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— Mo VE, BOOK 



VEN 



1107 



VEB 



ratixely, full of malignity ; as, a venomous writer. — Syn. 
Mischievous ; malignant ; spiteful. 

VEN'OM-OUS-LY, adv. Poisonously ; malignantly. 

VEN'OM-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Poisonousness ; noxiousness to 
animal life. 2. Malignity ; spitefulness. 

Ve'NOUS, a. [L. venosus.] 1. Pertaining to a vein or to 
veins ; contained in veins. — 2. In botany, veined. 

VENT, n. [Fr. vente; Sp. venta.] 1. A small aperture; a 
hole or passage for air or other fluid to escape. 2. The 
opening in a cannon or other piece of artillery, by which 
lire is communicated to the charge, '-i Passage from 
secrecy to notice; publication. 4. The act of opening. 
5. Emission ; passage ; escape from confinement 6. Dis- 
charge ; utterance ; means of discharge. 7. Sale ; as, the 
vent of commodities.— Burke. 8. Opportunity to sell ; de- 
mand. 9. [Sp. venta.] An inn ; a baiting-place ; [obs.] — 
10. In birds, the place for the discharge of excrement. 
P. Cyc. — To give vent to, to suffer to escape; to let out; 
to pour forth. 

VENT, v. t. 1. To let out at a small aperture. 2. To let 
out; to suffer to escape from confinement; to utter; to 
poxir forth. 3. To utter; to report; [obs.] 4. To pub- 
lish ; [obs.] 5. To sell ; [obs.] 

t VENT, v. i. To snuff— Spenser. 

f VENTAdE, n. A small hole.— Shah. 

VENT'aIL, n. [Fr.] That part of a helmet made to be lift- 
ed up ; the part intended for the admission of air, or for 
breathing ; the visor of a helmet 

VEN-TAN'NA, n. [Sp. ventana.] A window.— Dry den. 

VENT'ER, n. One who utters, reports, or publishes. 

VENT'ER n. [L.] 1. In anatomy, the abdomen, or lower 
belly. — Parr. 2. The womb ; and hence, mother. 3. The 
belly of a muscle. 

VENTI-DU€T, n. [L. ventus and ductus ; It. ventidotti.] In 
building, a passage for wind or air ; a passage or pipe fox- 
ventilating apartments. 

VENTI-LaTE, v. t. [L. veiuilo ; Fr. ventiler.] 1. To fan 
with wind ; to open and expose to the free passage of air 
or wind. 2. To cause the air to pass through. 3. To 
winnow ; to fan. 4. To examine ; to discuss ; that is, to 
agitate ; Jobs.] 

VENTI-La-TED, pp. Exposed to the action of the air ; 
fanned; winnowed; discussed. 

VENTI-La-TING, ppr. Exposing to the action of wind; 
fanning ; discussing. 

VEN-TI-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. ventilatio.] 1. The act of 
ventilating ; the act of exposing to the free passage of air. 
2 The act of fanning or winnowing, for the purpose of 
separating chafl' and dust. 3. Vent ; utterance : [obs.] 4. 
Refrigeration ; [obs.] 

VEN'TI-La-TOR, n. A contrivance or machine for draw- 
ing oft' or expelling foul or stagnant air from any close 
place or apartment, and introducing that which is fresh 
and pure. 

v'ENTING, ppr. Letting out; uttering. 

VEN-TOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. ventosite ; from L. ventosus.] Wind- 
iness ; flatulence. — Bacon. 

VENTRAL, a. [L. venter.] Belonging to the belly. 

VEN'TR1-€LE (ven'tre-kl), n. [L. ventriculus.] In a general 
sense, a small cavity in an animal body ; applied particu- 
larly to certain cavities in the heart and brain. 

VENTRI-C5SE, \a. [L. ventricosus.] In natural history, 

VENTRI-COUS, > bellied ; distended ; swelling out in the 
middle. 

VEN-TRICU-LAR, a. Pertaining to a ventricle.— Tully. 

VEN-TRIC'U-LOUS, a. Somewhat distended in the middle. 

VEN-TRI-LO-€u'TION, n. A speaking aftur the manner of 
a ventriloquist 

VEN-TRI-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to < entriloquism. 

VEN-TRIL'O-QUISM, In. [L. venter and loquor.) The act 

VEN-TRIL'O-QUY, > of speaking in such a manner that 
the voice appears to come, not from the person, but from 
some distant place. 
VEN-TRIL'O-QUIST, n. One who speaks in such a manner 

that his voice appears to come from some distant place. 
VEN-TRIL'O-QUOUS, a. Speaking in such a manner as to 
make the sound appear to come from a place remote from 
the speaker. 
VENTURE (venfyur), n. [Fr. aventure; It, Sp. ventura.] 
1. A hazard; an undertaking of chance or danger; the 
risking of something upon an event which can not be 
foreseen with tolerable certainty. 2. Chance ; hap ; con- 
tingency ; luck ; an event that is not or can not be fore- 
seen. 3. The thing put to hazard ; particularly, some- 
thing sent to sea in trade. — At a venture, at hazard ; with- 
out seeing the end or mark. 
VENTURE, v. i. 1. To dare ; to have courage or presump- 
tion to do, undertake, or say. 2. To run a hazard or risk. 
— To venture at, or to venture on or upon, to dare to engage 
in ; to attempt without any certainty of success. 
VENTURE, v. t. 1. To expose ; to hazard ; to risk. 2. 

To put or send on a venture or chance. 
VENTURED, pp. Put to the hazard ; risked 



VENTUR ER, n. One who ventures or puts to hazards. 

VENTURE-S6ME, a. Bold ; daring ; intrepid. 

VENTURE-S6ME-LY, adv. In a bold, daring manner. 

VENTUR-ING, n. The act of putting to risk; a hazarding. 

VENTUR-ING, ppr. Putting to hazard ; daring. 

VENTUROUS, a. Daring ; bold ; hardy ; fearless ; intrep 
id-, adventurous.— M ilto n. 

VENTUR-OUS-LY, adv. Daringly ; fearlessly ; boldly. 

VENTUR-OUS-NESS, n. Boldness ; hardiness ; fearless- 
ness ; intrepidity. 

VEN'UE, \n. [L. vicinia; Norm, mane.] In law, a neigh- 

VlSNE, > borhood or near place ; the place where an ac- 
tion is laid. 

VEN'UE, n. A thrust See Veney. 

t VEN'U-LlTE, n. A petrified shell of the genus Venus. 

VE'NUS, n. [L.] 1. In mythology, the goddess of beauty and 
love ; that is, beauty or love deified. — 2. In astronomy, one 
of the inferior planets, whose orbit is between the Earth 
and Mercury. As morning star, it was called by the an- 
cients Lucifer ; as evening star, Hesperus. — 3. In the old 
chemistry, a name given to copper. — 4. In conchology, a 
genus of bivalve mollusks, including the common clam. 

VE'NUS'S €o.MB, n. An annual plant of the genus scandix. 

VE'NUS'S FLY'-TRAP, *. A plant dionaa muscipula. It 
seizes and holds fast insects which brush against its leavee. 

Ve'NUS'S LOOKTNG-GLaSS, n. An annual trailing plant 
of the genus campanula, allied to the bell-flower. 

VE'NUS'S Na'V£L-W6RT. n. A plant of the genus om- 
phalodes or cynoglossum, sc named from the shape of its 
seeds. — Loudon. 

t VE-NUST', a. [L. venustus.] Beautiful. 

VE-Ra'CIOUS (-shus), a. [L. verar. ] 1. Observant of truth , 
habituallv disposed to speak truth. 2. True ; [little used.] 

VE-Rl'CIOUS-LY, adv. Truthfully. 

VE-RAC'1-TY (ve-ras'e-te), n. [It veracita.] 1. Habitual ob- 
servance of truth, or habitual truth. Truth is applicable 
to men and to facts ; veracity to men only, or to sentient 
beings. 2. Invariable expression of truth. 

YE-RAN'DA, n. An Oriental word denoting a kind of open 
portico, formed by extending a sloping roof beyond the 
main building. 

VE-Ra'TRiNE, ~i n. [L. veratrum.] A vegetable alkaloid, 

VE-RAT'RI-NA, \ obtained from asagraa officinalis, and 

VE-RITRI-A, ) called veratrine, from a mistake in sup- 
posing that the substance analyzed belonged to a plant 
of the genus veratrum. — Tully. 

VE-RaTRUM, n. A genus of very poisonous plants. 

VERB, n. [L. verbum ; Fr. verbe; Sp., It verbo ; Ir. fearb.] 
1. In grammar, a part of speech that expresses action, mo- 
tion, being, suffering, or a request or command to do or 
forbear any thing. 2. A word. — South. 

VERB'AL, a. [Fr. ; L. verbalis.] 1. Spoken ; expressed to 
the ear in words ; not written. 2. Oral ; uttered by the 
mouth. 3. Consisting in mere words. 4. Respecting 
words only. 5. Minutely exact in words, or attending to 
words only. 6. Literal : having word answering to word. 
— 7. In grammar, derived from a verb. 8. Verbose ; 
abounding with words. — Shak. 

VERB'AL, n. In grammar, a noun derived from a verb. 

VERB'AL-ISM, n. Something expressed orally. 

VERB-AL'I-TY, n. Mere words ; bare literal expressions. 

VERB'AL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a verb. 

VERB'AL-LY, adv. 1. In words spoken ; by words uttered; 

orally. 2. Word for word. — Dryden. 
VER-BA'TJM.adv. [L.] Word for word ; in the same words 

t VER'BER-aTE, v. t. [L. vcrbero.] To beat ; to strike. 
VER-BER-1TION, n. 1. A beating or striking ; blows. 2 

The impulse of a body, which causes sound, — Cyc. 
VER-Be'NA, n. Vervain ; a genus of plants. Two sorts 
are extensively cultivated, one for its lemon-scented foli- 
age, and the other for the great beauty of its flowers.- 
Mead. 
VER'BEN-aTE, v. t. [L. verbena, vervain.] Strewed with 

vervain. 
VER'BEN-a-TED, pp. Strewed or sanctified with vervain, 

according to a custom of the ancients. 
VER'BEN-A-TING. ppr. Strewing with vervain.— Drake. 
VERB'I-AtiE, n. [Fr.] Verbosity ; use of many words with 

out necessity ; superabundance of word3. 
VEB.-B6SE', a. [L. verbosus.] Abounding in words ; using 
or containing more words than are necessary; prolix; 
tedious by a multiplicity of words. 
VER-BoSE'LY, adv. Wordily. 

VER-BOS'I-TY, )n. 1. Employment of a superabund 
VER.-BoSE'NESS, j ante of words ; the use of more 
words than are necessary. 2. Superabundance of words 
prolixity. 
VER'DAN-CY, n. Greenness.— Norris. 
VERDANT, a. [Fr. vcrdoyont ; L. viridans.] 1. Green , 
fresh ; covered with growing plants or grass. 2. Flour 
ishing. 
VERD-AN-T'fQUE' (verd-an-teek'), n. [Fr.] 1. Ancient 
green ; a term given to a green incrustation on ancient 



D3VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS.— ■€ asK; GasJ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



VER 



1108 



VEK 



coins, brass or copper.— Turner. 2. A mottled-green ser- 
pentine marble ; also, a green porphyry, used as marble, 
and called Oriental verd-antique. — Dana. 

VER'DANT-LY, adv. Freshly ; flourishingly. 

VER'DER-ER, In. [Fr. verdier ; Low L. viridarius.) An 

VER'DER-OR, > officer in England who has the charge of 
the king's forest. 

VER'DI€T, n. [L. verum dictum.] 1. The answer of a jury 
given to the court concerning any matter of fact in any 
cause, civil or criminal, committed to their trial and ex- 
amination. 2. Decision; judgment; opinion pronounced. 
— Special verdict ; see Special. 

VER'DI-GRiS, n. [Fr. verd and gris.] Disacetate of cop- 
per. In an impure state it is much used as a green pig- 
ment. In a pure state it is employed in medicine. 

VER'DI-TER, n. [Fr. verde-terre.] A blue pigment formed 
from a sulphate or nitrate of copper by lime, the precip- 
itate being ground up with an excess of lime. Green ver- 
diter is formed by sea-salt and blue vitriol, or sulphate of 
copper. 

\ VERDI-TURE, n. The faintest and palest green. 

VEPlD'URE (verd'yur), n. [Fr. ; L. vireo.] Green ; green- 
ness ; freshness of vegetation. 

VERD'tJR-OUS, a. Covered with green; clothed with the 
fresh color of vegetables. — Phillips. 

VER'E-€UND, a. [L. verecundus.] Bashful ; modest.— Wot- 
ton. [Not much used.] 

VER-E-€UND'I-TY, n. Bashfulness ; modesty ; blushing. 
[Not in much use.] 

VERgE (verj), n. [Fr. ; It. verga ; L. virga.] 1. A rod, or 
something in the form of a rod or staft', carried as an em- 
blem of authority ; the mace of a dean. 2. The stick or 
wand with which persons are admitted tenants, by hold- 
ing it in the hand, and swearing fealty to the lord. — 3. In 
law, the compass or extent of the king's court, within 
which is bounded the jurisdiction of the lord-steward of 
the king's household. 4. The extreme side cr end of any 
thing which has some extent of length. — 5. Among gar- 
deners, the edge or outside of a border. 6. A part of a 
time-piece.— Syn. Border ; edge ; rim ; brim ; margin ; 
brink. 

VERGE, v. i. [L. vergo.] 1. To tend downward ; to bend; 
to slope. 2. To tend ; to incline ; to approach. 

VERg'ER, n. 1. He who carries the mace before the bish- 
op, dean, &c. 2. An officer who carries a white wand be- 
fore the justices of either bench in England 3. A pew- 
opener or attendant at a church. 

VERGING, ppr_. Bending or inclining ; tending. 

VER'GOU-LEuSE, n. A variety of pear ; contracted to 
vcrgaloo. Written, also, vergalieu. 

\ VE-RID'I€-AL, a. [L. veridicus.] Telling truth. 

VER'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be verified; that may be 
proved or confirmed by incontestable evidence. 

VER-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of verifying or prov- 
ing to be true. 

VER'I-FlJED (ver'e-f ide), pp. Proved ; confirmed by com- 
petentevidence. 

VER'I-Fl-ER, n. One who proves or makes appear to be 
true. 

VER'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. verifier.] 1. To prove to be true ; to 
confirm. 2. To fulfill, as a promise ; to confirm the truth 
of a prediction ; to show to be true. 3. To confirm or 
establish the authenticity of any thing by examination or 
competent evidence. 

VER'I-FY-1NG, ppr. Proving to be true ; confirming ; es- 
tablishing as authentic. 

VER'I-LY, adv. 1. In truth ; in fact ; certainly. 2. Really ; 
truly ; with great confidence. 

VER-I-SIM'I-LAR, a. [L. verisimilis.] Having the appear- 
ance of truth ; probable ; likely. — White. 

VER-I-SI-MLL'I-TUDE, n. [L. verisimilitudo.] The appear- 
ance of truth ; probability ; likelihood. — Glanville. 

♦ VER-I-SI-MIL'I-TY, for verisimilitude. 
VER'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.] True ; agreeable to fact.— Shak. 

[Little used.] 

\ VER'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a true manner. 

VER1-TY, n. [Fr. verite ; L. Veritas.] 1. Truth ; conso- 
nance of a statement, proposition, or other thing to fact. 
2. A true assertion or tenet. 3. Moral truth ; agreement 
of the words with the thoughts. 

VER'JfJICE, n. [Fr. verjus.] A liquor expressed from crab 
apples, sour grapes, &c, used in sauces, ragouts, and the 
like. 

VER'MElL, n. See Vermilion. 

VER-ME-OL'O-gIST, n. One who treats of vermes. 

VER-ME-OL'O-GY, n. [L. vermes, and Gr. \oyos.] A dis- 
course or treatise on vermes, or that part of natural his- 
tory which treats of vermes ; helminth ology. [Not used.] 

VERMES, n. pi. [L.] Worms. 

* VER-MI-CEL'Ll (ver-me-chelly or ver-me-seHy), n. [It. 

vermicello ; L. vermiculus.] In cookery, little rolls or 
threads of paste, or a composition of flour, eggs, sugar, 
and saffron ; used in soups and pottages. 



| VER-Ml"CEOUS 0'«»r-mish'us), a. [L. vermes.] Pertaining 
to worms ; wormy. 

VER-MI€'U-L AR, a. [L. vermiculus.] Pertaining to a worm -, 
resembling a worm ; particularly, resembling the motion 
of a worm. — Vermicular work ; see Veiimiculated. 

VER-MI€'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. vermiculatus.] To inlay ; to 
form work by inlaying, which resembles the motion or 
the tracks of worms. 

VER-MI€'U-La-TED, pp. or a. Formed in the likeness oi 
the motion of a worm. — Vermiculated work, rustic work 
so wrought as to have the appearance of having been eat- 
en into or tracked by worms.— Gwilt. 

VER-M1€'U-LI-TING, ppr. Forming so as to resemble the 
motion of a worm. 

VER-MI€-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of mov 
ing in the form of a worm. 2. The act of forming so as 
to resemble the motion of a worm. 

VERM'I-€ULE, n. [L. vermiculus.] A little worm or grub. 

VER-MI€17-LdSE, )a. [h.vermicuhsus.] 1. Full of worms 

VER-MI€'U-LOUS, $ or grubs. 2. Resembling worms. 

VERM'I-FORM, a. [L. vermis and forma.] Having the form 
or shape of a worm. 

VERM-IF'U-GAL, a. Tending to prevent or destroy vermin, 
or to expel worms. — Lindley. 

VER'MI-FUgE, n. [L. vermis and fugo.] A medicine or 
substance that expels worms from animal bodies ; an an- 
thelmintic. 

t VER'MIL, n. [Fr. vermeil.] Vermilion. — Spenser. 

VER-MIL'ION (ver-mil'yun), n. [Fr. vermeil, vermilion ; It 
vermiglione.] 1. A bright red sulphuret of mercury. It 
is sometimes found native, of a red or brown color, and ia 
then called cinnabar. It is used as a pigment. 2. The 
cochineal, a small insect found on a particular plant ; [im- 
proper or obsolete.] 3. Any beautiful red color. 

VER-MIL'ION (ver-mil'yun), v. t. To dye red ; to cover 
with a delicate red. 

VER-MIL'ION-ED, pp. or a. Dyed or tinged with a bright red. 

VERMIN, n. sing, and pi. ; used chiefly in the plural. [Fr., 
It. vermine.] 1. All sorts of small animals which are de 
structive to grain or other produce ; all noxious little an- 
imals or insects, as squirrels, rats, mice, worms, grubs, 
flies, &c. 2. Used of noxious human beings in contempt. 

VERM'IN-aTE, v. i. [L. vermino.] To breed vermin. . 

VERM-IN-a'TION, n. 1. The breeding of vermin.— Derhdm 
2. A griping of the bowels. 

VERM'IN-LY, a. Like vermin ; of the nature of vermin. 
Gauden. 

VERM'IN-OUS, a. Tending to breed vermin.— Harvey. 

VER-MIP A-ROUS, a. [L. vermes and pario.] Producing 
worms. — Brown. 

VER-MIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. vermes and voro.] Devouring 
worms ; feeding on worms. 

VER-NAC'U-LAR, a. [L. vernaculus.] 1. Native ; belong- 
ing to the country of one's birth. 2. Native ; belonging to 
the person by birth or nature. — Milner. 

VER-NA€'U-LAR-ISM, n. A vernacular idiom. 

VER-NA€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In agreement with the vernac- 
ular manner. 

t VER-NA€'U-LOUS, a. Vernacular; also, scoffing.— Spenser. 

VER'NAL, a. [L. vernalis.] 1. Belonging to the spring ; 
appearing in spring. 2. Belonging to youth, the spring of 
life. 

VER'NANT, a. [L. vernans.] Flourishing, as in spring ; as 
vernant flowers. — Milton. 

f VER'NaTE, v. i. To become young again. 

VER-Na'TION, n. [L. verno.] In botany, the disposition of 
the nascent leaves within the bud. — Martyn. 

VER'NIkR, n. [from the inventor.] A contrivance attached 
to the graduated limb of an instrument for the purpose of 
measuring aliquot parts of the smallest spaces into which 
the instrument is divided. — Olmsted. 

t VER-NIL'I-TY, n. [L. vernilis.] Servility; fawning be- 
havior, like that of a slave. — Bailey. 

VE-RON'I-€A, n. [vera-icon.] 1. A portrait or representa- 
tion of the face of our Savior on handkerchiefs. — 2. In hot 
any, a genus of plants, speedwell. 

f VER/RU-€oSE, \a. [L. verruca, verrucosus.] Warty; hav 

VERRUCOUS, J ing little knobs or warts on the sur 
face. _ 

VER-Ru'€U-LoSE, a. Having minute wart-like promi 
nences. 

t VERS-A-BIL'I-TY, \n. fL. versabilis.] Aptness to h? 

t VERSA -BLE-NESS, $ turned round.— Diet. 

t VERS'A-BLE, a. That may be turned. 

VERS'AL, for universal. [Not used, or very vulgar.] 

VERSA NT, a. Familiar. 

VERSA-T?LE, a. [L. versatilis.] 1. That may be turned 
round. 2. Liable to be turned in opinion ; changeable . 
variable ; unsteady. 3. Turning with ease from one thing 
to another ; readily applied to a new task, or to various 
subjects. — 4. In natural history, capable of revolving; free 
ly movable ; as, a versatile anther, which is fixed at ont 
point, but freely movable. — Lindley. 



* Su Synopsis I, E, I, &c, long.—l, % I, &c, short.— F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;-~Mo VE, BOOK. 



VER 



1109 



VES 



VERS'A-Tf LE-LY, adv. In a versatile manner. 
VERS'A-TILE-NESS, n. See Versatility. 
VERS-A-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being versatile ; 
aptness to change ; readiness to be turned ; variableness. 
2. The faculty of easily turning one's mind to new tasks 
or subjects. 

VERSE (vers), n. [L. versus ; Fr. vers.] 1. In poetry, a line, 
consisting of a certain number of long and short syllables, 
disposed according to the rules of the species of poetry 
which the author intends to compose. 2. Poetry ; met- 
rical language. 3. A short division of any composition, 
particularly of the chapters in the Scriptures. 4. A piece 
of poetry. 5. A portion of an anthem to be performed by 
a single voice to each part. 

VERSE, v. t. To tell in verse ; to relate poetically. — To be 
versed [L. versor], to be well skilled ; to be acquainted with. 

VERSE-HON'OR-ING, a. Doing honor to poetry.— Lamb. 

VERSE'-MAN, \ n. [verse and man.] A writer of vers- 

VERSE'-M6N"GER, 5 es ; [in ludicrous language.]— Prior. 

VERSED (verst), pp. Skilled.— Versed sine ; see Sine. 

VERS'ER, n. A maker of verses ; a versifier. — Ben Jonson. 

fVERS'I-CLE (vers'e-kl), n. [L. versiculus.] A little verse. 

VERS'I-€6L-OR (-kul'lur), ) a. [L. versicolor.] Having va- 

VERS'I-€6L-OR.ED, $ rious colors; changeable in 

color. 

VER-SI€'U-LAR a. Pertaining to verses ; designating dis- 
tinct divisions of a writing. 

VER-SI-FI-€aTION, n. [Fr. from versifier.] The act, art, 
or practice of composing poetic verse. 

VERS'I-FI-€a-TOR, n. A versifier. [Little used.] 

VERS'1-Fl.ED, pp. Formed into verse. 

VERS'I-Fl-ER, n. I. One who makes verses. 2. One who 
converts into verse ; or one who expresses the ideas of 
another L written in prose. 

VERS'I-FY, v. i. To make verses.— Dryden. 

VERS'I-FY, v. t. 1. To relate or describe in verse. — Daniel. 
2. To turn into verse. 

VERS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Converting into verse. 

VER'SION (ver'shun), n. [Fr., from L. versio.] 1. A turn- 
ing ; a change or transformation ; [unusual.] 2. Change 
of direction ; [unusual.] 3. The act of translating ; the 
rendering of thoughts or ideas expressed in one language, 
into words of like signification in another language. 4. 
Translation ; that which is rendered from another lan- 
guage. 

VERST, n. A Russian measure of length, containing 1166§ 
yards, or 3500 feet ; about two thirds'of an English mile. 

VERSUS. [L.] Against ; as, John Doe versus Richard Roe. 

VER-SuTE', a. Crafty ; wily. 

VERT, n. [Fr. verd ; L. viridis.] 1. In the forest laws, every 
thing that grows and bears a green leaf within the forest. 
— 2. In heraldry, a green color. 

VERT'E-BER, > „ Tr 

verte-bre! I See Vektebra - 

VERTE-BRA, n. ; pi. Vertebrje. [L. vertebra.] A joint of 
the spine or backbone of an animal. 

VERT'E-BRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the joints of the spine 
or backbone. 2. Having a backbone or spinal joints. 

VERT'E-BRAL, n. An animal of the class which have a 
backbone. 

VERT'E-BRaTE, ) a. [L. vertcbratus.] Having a back- 

VERT'E-BRa-TED, > bone, or vertebral column, contain- 
ing the spinal marrow, as an animal. 

VERT'E-BRaTE, n. An animal having a spine with joints. 

VERT'E-BRXTES, \ ft. pi. Vertebrated animals, including 

VERT-E-BRa'TA, I mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes. 

VERTE-BRE, n. See Vertebra. 

VERT'EX, n. [L.] 1. The crown or top of the head. 2. 
The top of a hill or other thing ; the point of a cone, pyra- 
mid, angle, or figure ; the pole of a glass, in optics. — Vertex 
of a curve, the extremity of the axis or diameter, or the 
point where the diameter meets the curve. — 3. In astrono- 
my, the zenith ; the point of the heavens perpendicularly 
over the head. 

VERTI-CAL, a. [Fr. ; L. vertex.] 1. Placed or being in the 
zenith, or perpendicularly over the head. 2. Being in a 
position perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. — Verti- 
cal angles, in geometry, the opposite angles formed by two 
intersecting straight lines. — Vertical circle, in astronomy, a 
great circle of the sphere, passing through the zenith and 
nadir of a place ; an azimuth circle. The prime vertical is 
that vertical circle which passes through the east and west 
points. — Vertical plane, in conies, a plane passing through 
the vertex and axis of a cone. 

f VERT-I-€AL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the zenith. 

VERT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the zenith. 

VERT'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being in the zenith, or 
perpendicularly over the head. 

VERT'I-CIL, n. [L. veriicillus.] In botany, a little whorl ; a 
mode of inflorescence, in which the flowers surround the 
6tem in a kind of ring. 

VER-TIC'IL-LATE, a. In botany, whorled ; growing in 
rings or whorls. — Verticillate flowers are such as grow in a 



whorl, or round the stem hi rings, one above another, at 
each joint. 

VER-TIC'I-TY, n. [from vertex.] 1. The power of turning ; 
revolution ; rotation. 2. That property of the loadstone 
by which it turns to some particular point. 

VER-TIG'IN-OUS, a. [L. vertiginosus.] 1. Turning round ; 
whirling ; rotary. 2. Giddy ; affected with vertigo. 

VER-TKJ'IN-OUS-LY, adv. With a whirling or giddiness. 

VER-TI61N-OUS-NESS, «. Giddiness ; a whirling, or sense 
of whirling ; unsteadiness. — Taylor. 

* VERTI-GO, 11. [L.] Giddiness ; dizziness or swimming 
of the head ; an affection of the head, in which objects ap- 
pear to move in various directions. IThis word is also 
pronounced by some verti'go, and by others vertigo.] 

VER'VaIN, ii. A plant of the genus verbena. 

VER'VaIN-MAL'LoW, n. A species of mallow. 

VER'VELS. n. pi. [Fr. vervelle.] Labels tied to a hawk. 

VER'Y, a. [Fr. vrai : L. verus.] True ; real. 

VER'Y, adv. As an adverb, or modifier of adjectives and aa- 
verbs, very denotes in a great degree, an eminent or high 
degree, but not generally the highest ; as, a very cold day. 

VESICANT, n. A blistering application ; an epispastic. 

VES'I-CITE, v. t. [L. vesica.] To blister ; to raise little 
bladders, or separate the cuticle by inflaming the skin. 

VES'I-€a-TED, pp. Blistered. 

VES'I-€a-TING, ppr. Blistering. 

VES-I-€a'TION, n. The process of raising blisters or little 
cuticular bladders on the skin. 

VES'I-€A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. vesicatoire.] A blistering applica- 
tion or plaster ; an epispastic. 

VES'I-CLE (ves'e-kl), n. [L. vesicula.] 1. A little bladder, 
or a portion of the cuticle separated from the skin and 
filled with some humor. 2. Any small membranous cav- 
ity in animals or vegetables. 

VE-SICU-LAR, ? a. 1. Pertaining to vesicles ; consisting 

VE-SIC'U-LOUS, > of vesicles. 2. Hollow; full of inter- 
stices. 3. Having little bladders or glands on the surface, 
as the leaf of a plant. 

VE-SICU-LATE, a. Bladdery ; full of bladders. 

VESTER, n. [L.] The evening star ; Venus ; also, the 
evening. 

VES'PERS, ra. pi. The evening song or evening service hi 
the Roman Catholic Church. See, also, Sicilian Vespers. 

VES'PER-TTNE, a. [L. vespertinus.] Pertaining to the even- 
ing ; happening or being in the evening. 

VES'PI-A-RY, ft. The nest or habitation of wasps, hornets, Sec. 

VES'SEL, n. [It. vasello ; Fr. vaisseau ; Sp. vasija.] 1. A 
cask or utensil proper for holding liquors and other things. 
— 2. In anatomy, any tube or canal in which the blood and 
other humors are contained, secreted, or circulated, as the 
arteries, veins, &c. — 3. In the physiology of plants, a canal 
or tube of very small bore, in which the sap is contained 
and conveyed ; also, a bag or utricle, filled with pulp, and 
serving as a reservoir for sap ; also, a spiral canal, usually 
of a larger bore. 4. Any structure made to float upon the 
water, for purposes of commerce or war, whether im- 
pelled by wind, steam, or oars. — Totten. 5. Something 
containing. 

t VES'SEL, v. t. To put into a vessel. — Bacon. 

VES'SETS, h. A kind of cloth. Qu. 

VES'SI€-NON, ft. [L. vesica.] A soft swelling on a horse s 
leg, called a wind-gall. 

VEST, «. [Fr. veste ; It. vesta ; L. vestis.] 1. An outer gar- 
ment. — 2. A waistcoat or body garment for men, worn 
next under the coat. [This word, in the latter sense, has 
passed from France into the United States, and has chief- 
ly taken the place of waistcoat. — In England, the latter 
word alone is used. — Ed.] 

VEST, v. t. 1. To clothe ; to cover, surround, or encompass 
closely. 2. To dress ; to clothe with a long garment. — 3. 
In law, to give an immediate fixed right of present or fu- 
ture enjoyment ; as, an estate is vested in possession. Bou- 
vier. — To vest with, to clothe ; to furnish with ; to invest 
with. — To vest in. 1. To put in possession of; to furnish 
with ; to clothe with. 2. To clothe with another form ; to 
convert into another substance or species of property. 

VEST, v. i. To come or descend to ; to be fixed ; to take 
effect, as a title or right. 

VES'TA, n. [L.] 1. In mythology, the virgin goddess of the 
hearth or fire. — 2. In astronomy, one of the asteroids, dis- 
covered by Dr. Olbers in 1807. 

VESTAL, a. [L. vestalis.] 1. Pertaining to Vesta, the god- 
dess. 2. Pure ; chaste. 

VESTAL, n. A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the serv- 
ice of watching the sacred fire. There were six in all. 

VESTED,^. 1. Clothed; covered; closely encompassed. 
2. a. Fixed ; not in a state of contingency or suspension ; 
as, vested estates, legacies, <fec 

VEST'I-A-RY, ft. A wardrobe. 

VES-TIB'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to or like a vestibule. 

VES'TI-BULE, n. [Fr. ; L. vestibulum.] 1. The porch or en- 
trance into a house, or a large open space before the door, 
but covered. 2. A little antechamber before the entrance 



D6VE ;— BU L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt'CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



VEX 



1110 



VIC 



of an ordinary apartment. 3. An apartment in large build- 
ings, which leads into a hall or suit of rooms or offices. — 4. 
In anatomy, a cavity belonging to the labyrinth of the ear. 

VESTI-GaTE. See Investigate. [Not in use.] 

VESTI6E (ves'tij), n. [Fr. ; L. vestigium.} A track or foot- 
step ; the mark of the foot left on the earth ; but mostly 
■used for the mark or remains of something else. 

VESTING, ppr. Clothing ; covering ; closely encompass- 
ing ; descending to and becoming permanent, as a right or 
title; converting into other species of property, as money. 

VESTING, n. Clotn for vests ; vest patterns. [U. States.] 

VESTMENT, n. [L. vcstimentum ; Fr. vetement.] A cover- 
ing or garment ; some part of clothing or dress; especially 
some part of outer clothing ; but it is not restricted to any 
particular garment. 

VJSSTRY, n. [L. vestiarium ; Fr. vestiaire.] 1. A room ap- 
pendant to a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments 
and sacred utensils are kept, and where parochial meet- 
ings are held. — 2. In the Church of England, a parochial 
assembly, so called because ield in a vestry ; also, in some 
parishes, a smaller body called a select vestry, representing 
the larger one. Brande. — 3. In the Episcopal Church of the 
United States, a committee chosen annually by the parish, 
who, in conjunction with the church-wardens, manage its 
temporal concerns. — Croswell. 

VESTRY-CLERK, n. An officer chosen by the vestry, who 
keeps the parish accounts and books. 

VESTRY-MAN, n. In the Episcopal Church, one belonging 
to a select number of persons in each parish, who manage 
its temporal concerns. See Vestry. 

VESTURE, n. [Fr. veture.} 1. A garment; a robe. 2. 
Dress ; garments in general ; habit ; clothing ; vestment. 
3. Clothing ; covering. — 4. In old law books, the corn with 
which land was covered. — 5. In old books, seizin ; [obs.] 

VE-Su'Vl-AN, a. Pertaining to the volcano Vesuvius. 

VE-Su'Vl-AN, n. The same mineral with idocrase, which see. 

VETCH, n. [Fr. vesce ; It. veccia ; L. vicia.] A name given 
to most of the leguminous plants of the genus vicia. Some 
species are much used for feeding cattle. There are also 
leguminous plants of other genera called chickling vetch, 
milk vetch, &c. 

VETCH'LING, n. [from vetch.} In botany, a name of a legu- 
minous plant, the lathyrus aphaca, expressive of its dimin- 
utive size. 

VETCH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of vetches or of pea straw. — 
Spenser. 2. Abounding with vetches. 

VETERAN, a. [L. veteranus.] Having been long exercised 
in any thing ; long practiced or experienced. 

VETER-AN, n. One who has been long exercised in any 
service or art, particularly in vfzz ; one who has grown 
old in service, and has had much experience. 

VET-ER-I-NI'RI-AN, n. [L. veterinarius.] One skilled in 
the diseases of cattle or domestic animals. — Brown. 

* VETER-I-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of healing or 
treating the diseases of domestic animals, as oxen, horses, 
sheep, &c. 

Ve'TO, n. ; pi Vetoes (ve'toze). [L. veto, I forbid.] 1. The 
power possessed by the executive branch of a legislative 
body, as a king, president, governor, &c, to negative a bill 
which has passed the other branches of the legislature. 
Also, the act of exercising this power. Bouvier. — 2. In a 
looser sense, any authoritative prohibition. 

Ve'TO, v. t. To withhold assent to a bill for a law, and thus 
prevent its enactment ; to interpose a veto. 

Ve'ToED (-tode), pret. and pp. of veto, which see. 

Ve'TO-ING, ppr. Withholding assent to and preventing the 
enactment of. 

VET-TU'RA, n. [It.] An Italian four-wheeled carriage. 

VET-TU-Ri'NO, n. [It.] In Italy, one who carries travelers 
from one place to another in a vettura, or four-wheeled 
carriage, at a price agreed on. 

\ VE-TUST, a. [L. vetustus.] Old ; ancient. — Cockcram. 

VEX, v. t. [L. vexo ; Fr. vexer ; It. vessare ; Sp. vexar.] 1. 
To irritate ; to make angry by little provocations. 2. To 
plague ; to torment ; to harass ; to afflict. 3. To disturb ; 
to disquiet ; to agitate. 4. To trouble ; to distress ; to 
chagrin. 5. To persecute. — Acts, xii. 6. To stretch, as by 
hooks ; [obs.] 

VEX, v. i. To fret ; to be teased or irritated. — Chapman. 

VEX-A'TION, n. [Fr., from L. vexatio.] 1. The act of irri- 
tating, or of troubling, disquieting, and harassing. 2. State 
of being irritated or disturbed in mind. 3. Disquiet ; great 
uneasiness. — Temple. 4. The cause of trouble or disquiet, 
"v Afflictions ; great troubles ; severe judgments. 6. A 
narassing by law. 7. A slight, teasing trouble. — Syn. 
Chaarin : agitation ; mortification ; uneasiness ; trouble ; 
grief; sorrow; distress. 

rEX-A'TIOTJS (vek-sa'shus), a. 1. Irritating ; disturbing or 
agitating to the mind ; causing disquiet ; afflictive. 2. Dis- 
tressing ; harassing. 3. Full of trouble and disquiet. 4. 
Teasing; slightly troublesome; provoking. — Vexatious 
suit, a suit at law instituted maliciously, and without prob- 
able cause. — Bouvier. 



VEX-aTIOUS-LY, adv. In a mannei to give great trouoie. 

VEX-A'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality ci giving great trouble 
and disquiet, or of teasing and provoking. 

VEXifD, pp. or a. Teased ; provoked ; irritated ; troubled . 
agitated; disquieted; afflicted. 

VEX'ER, n. One who vexes, irritates, or troubles. 

VEX'IL, ~in. [L. vexillum.] A flag or standard. — la 

VEX-IL'LUM, 5 botany, the upper petal of a papiliona* 
ceous flower. 

VEX'IL-LA-RY, n. A standard-bearer. 

VEX'IL-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to an ensign or standard. 

VEX-IL-La'TION, n. [L. vexillatio.] A company of troops 
under one ensign. 

VEXTNG, ppr. Provoking; irritating; afflicting. 

VEXTNG-LY, adv. So as to vex, tease, or irritate. — Toiler. 

Vl'A, n. [L.] A way. — Via Albany, by the way of Albany. 

Vl'A-BLE, a. [Fr. vie ; L. vivo.] Capable of living, as an in- 
fant. 

Vl'A-DUCT, n. A structure for conveying a carriage way 
or rail- way, either by perforating hills or by raising mounds 
jor a series of arched supports. 

Vl'AdE, n. See Voyage. 

Vl'AL, n. [Fr. viole; Gr. (pia'Xn; L.phiala.] A phial; a small 
bottle of thin glass, used particularly by apothecaries and 
druggists. 

Vl'AL, v. t. To put in a vial. — Milton. 

Vl'AL^D, pp. Put in a vial. 

Vl'AL-ING, ppr. Inclosing in a vial. 

Vl'AND, n. [Fr. viande ; It. vivanda.] Meat dressed ; food 
—Pope. [ Used mostly in the plural.] 

t Vi'A-RY, a. [L. vicyius.] Happening in the way or on the 
roads. — Feltham. 

VI-ATIC, a. [L. viaticum.} Pertaining to a journey or to 
traveling. 

Vl-ATI-CUM, n. [L.] 1. Provisions for a journey.— 2. 
Among the ancient Romans, an allowance to officers who 
were sent into the provinces to exercise any office or per- 
form any service ; also to the officers and soldiers of the 
army. — 3. In the Roman Catholic Church, the communion 
or eucharist given to persons in their last moments. 

Vi'BRaTE, v. i. [L. vibro ; It. vibrare.] 1. To swing ; tu 
oscillate ; to move one way and the other ; to play to and 
fro. 2. To quiver. 3. To pass from one state to an- 
other. 

Vl'BRITE, v. t. 1. To brandish ; to move to and fro ; to 
^wing. 2. To cause to quiver. 

VI'BRa-TED, pp. Brandished; moved one way and the 
other. 

Vl'BRA-TILE, a. Adapted to or used in vibratory motion , 
_as, the vibratile organs of certain insects. — Say. 

Vi-BRA-TIL'I-TY, n. Disposition to preternatural vibration 
ox motion. — Rush. [Not much used.] 

Vi'BRa-TING, ppr. Brandishing ; moving to and fro, as a 
pendulum or musical chord. 

Vl-BRITION, n. [Fr. ; L. vibro.] 1. The act of brandish 
ing ; the act of moving or state of being moved one way 
and the other in quick succession. — 2. In mechanics, a reg- 
ular reciprocal motion of a body suspended ; a motion 
consisting of continual reciprocations or returns, as of the 
pendulum of a chronometer ; oscillation. — 3. In physics, al- 
ternate or reciprocal motion ; as, the vibrations of the nerv- 
ous fluid. — 4. In music, the motion of a chord, or the un 
dulation of any body, by which sound is produced. 

Vl-BRI'TI-UN-CLE, n. A small vibration.— Chambers. 

Vi'BRA-TlVE, a. That vibrates.— Newton. 

Vl'BRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Vibrating ; consisting in vibration or 
oscillation. 2. Causing to vibrate. 

VICAR, n. [Fr. vicaire; It. vicario ; L. vicarius.] 1. In a 
general sense, a person deputed or authorized to perform 
the functions of another ; a substitute' in office. — 2. In the 
canon law, the priest of a parish, the predial tithes of which 
are impropriated or appropriated. — Apostolic vicar, in the 
Roman Catholic Church, is an officer of high standing, who 
has received power from the pope to decide in certain 
cases without instructions. — Encyc. Am. 

VICAR-6EN'ER-AL, n. A title given by Henry VIII. to the 
Earl of Essex, with power to oversee all the clergy. It is 
now the title of an office, which is united in the chancel- 
lor of the diocese. 

VICAR-AGE, n. The benefice of a vicar. A vicarage by 
endowment becomes a benefice distinct from the par- 
sonage. 

Vi-€a'R1-AL, a. [from vicar.] Pertaining to a vicar ; small. 

Vl-€I'RI-ATE, a. Having delegated power, as a vicar.— 
Barrow. 

Vl-CVRI-ATE, n. A delegated office or power —Lord 
North. 

Vl-CI'RI-OUS, a. [L. vicarius.] 1. Deputed ; delegated. 
2. Acting for another ; filling the place of another. 3. 
Substituted in the place of another ; as, a vicarious sacri 
fice. 

Vl-CI'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In the place of another ; by sub 
8titution.— Burke. 



See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



VIC 



1111 



VIE 



The office of a vicar ; the ministry of a 



VICAR-SHU 
vicar. 

VlCE, n. [Fr. vice ; It. vizio ; Sp. vicio ; L. vitium.] 1. Prop- 
erly, a spot or defect ; a fault ; a blemish ; imperfection. — 
2. In ethics, any voluntary action or course of conduct 
which deviates from the rules of moral rectitude. Vice 
differs from crime, in being less enormous. 3. Depravity 
or corruption of manners. 4. A fault or bad trick in a 
horse. — 5. In the old English drama (the mysteries, &c), 
a buffoon wearing a cap with ass's ears, whose office was 
to torment and belabor another buffoon who represented 
the devil. — P. Cyc. 6. An iron press with a screw, for 
holding articles fast when filed, <fec. [This would more 
properly be written vise, like the French vis, a screw.] 7. 
A gripe or grasp. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

t VICE, v. t. To press or screw up to a thing by a kind of 
^violence. — Shak. 

VlCE [L. vice, in the tarn or place] is used, in composition, 
to denote one qui vicem gerit, who acts in the place of an- 
other, or is second in authority. 

VlCE-AD'MI-RAL, n. 1. In the navy, the officer next in 
rank and command to an admiral. 2. A civil officer, in 
Great Britain, appointed by the lords commissioners of 
the admiralty, for exercising admiralty jurisdiction within 
their respective districts. 

ViCE-AD'MI-RAL-TY, n. The office of a vice-admiralty ; a 
jice-admiralty court. 

ViCE-a'GENT, n. [vice and agent.] One who acts in the 
place of ar.rther. — Hooker. 

ViCE-CHaM'BER-LAIN (-lin), n. An officer in court, next 
in command to the lord-chamberlain. [England.) 

ViCE-CHaN'CEL-LOR, n. An officer in a university in En- 
gland, a distinguished member, who is annually elected to 
manage, the affairs in the absence of the chancellor. — Cyc. 

VlCE-CON'SUL, n. One who acts in the place of a con- 
sul. 

VICE-DOGE', n. A counselor at Venice, who represented 
^he dose when sick or absent. — Cyc. 

VlCE-LEG'ATE, n. An officer of the pope, who acts as 
spiritual and temporal governor in certain cities, where 
_there is no legate or cardinal. — Cyc. 

VlCE-PRES'I-DEN-CY, n. The office of vice-president— 
Story. 

ViCElPRESI-DENT, n. An officer next in rank below a 
president. [United States.] 

ViCE-Rk'GAL, a. Pertaining to a viceroy, or vice-royalty. 

VlCE-SUP-PRESS'ING, a. Adapted to suppress vice." 

f VICED (vist), a. Vitious ; corrupt.— Shak. 

VlCE-GE'REN-CY, n. The office of a vicegerent; agency 
underanother ; deputed power ; lieutenancy. 

VlCE-GE'RENT, n. [L. vicem ger ens.] A lieutenant , a vicar ; 
an officer who is deputed by a superior or by proper au- 
thority to exercise the powers of another. 

ViCE-GK'E,ENT. a. Having or exercising delegated power ; 
acting by substitution, or in the place of another. 

VIC'E-NA-RY, a. [L. vicenarius.] Belonging to twenty. 

ViCE'PlOY, n. [Fr. viceroi.] The governor of a kingdom or 
country, who rules in the name of the king with regal au- 
thority, as the king's substitute. 

VlCE-ROY'AL-TY, n. The dignity, office, or jurisdiction 
of a viceroy. 

VICE'ROY-SHIP, n. The dignity, office, or jurisdiction of a 
viceroy. 

J Vl'CE-TY, n. Nicety ; exactness. — Ben Jon-son. 

VI' CE VERSA. [L.] The. terms or the case being re- 
versed. 

Vt'CIlTE (vish'ate), v. t. [L. vido. This verb is usually 
written vitiate.] 1. To injure the substance or properties 
of a thing so as to impair its value, and lessen or destroy 
its use ; to make less pure or wholly impure ; to deprave. 
2. To render defective, and thus destroy the validity of; to 
invalidate by defect. 

VI"CII-TED (vish'a-ted), pp. or a. Depraved ; impaired in 
substance or quality ; rendered defective and void. 

Vl"ClA-TING, ppr. Injuring in substance or properties ; 
rendering defective ; making void. 

Vi"CI-a'T10N, n. Depravation ; corruption. 

VIC'IN-AGE, n. [from L. vicinia, vicinus.] Neighborhood ; 
the place or places adjoining or near. 

* VIC'I-NAL, ) a. Near ; neighboring. — Glanville. [Little 

* VIC'lNE, 5 used.] 

VI-CIN'I-TY, n. [L. vicinitas.] 1. Nearness in place. 2. 
Neighborhood. 3. Neighboring country. 

VI"CI-OS'I-TY, 7?. Depravity ; corruption of manners. 

Vr'CIOUS (vish'us), a. [Fr. vicieux ; L. vitiosus.] ] . Defect- 
ive ; imperfect. 2. Addicted to vice ; corrupt in princi- 
ples or conduct ; depraved ; wicked ; profligate ; habitu- 
ally transgressing the moral law. 3. Corrupt ; contrary 
to moral principles or to rectitude. 4. Corrupt, in a phys- 
ical sense ; foul ; impure ; insalubrious. 5. Corrupt ; not 
genuine or pure. 6. Unruly ; refractory ; not well tamed 
or broken ; as, a vicious horse. — Smart. 

VJ"CIOUS-LY (vish'us-le), adv. 1. Corruptly ; in a manner 



contrary to rectitude, moral principles, propriety, or purt» 
ty. 2. Faultily ; not correctly. — Burnet. 
Vi"CIOUS-NESS, 7i. 1. Addictedness to vice ; corruptness 
of moral principles or practice ; habitual violation of the 
moral law, or of moral duties ; depravity in principles or 
in manners. 5J. Unruliness ; refractoriness, as of a beast 
VI-CIS'SI-TUDE, n. [L. vicissitudo.] 1. Regular change or 
succession of one thing to another. 2. Change ; variation ; 
revolution, as in human aft'airs. 
VI-CIS-SI-TO'DI-NA-RY, a. Changing in succession.— Donne, 
Vl-CON'TI-EL, a. [vice-comitalia.] In old law books, pertain- 
ing to the sheriff. — Vicontiel rents are certain rents foi 
which the sheriff pays a rent to the king.— Vicontiel torits 
are such as are triable in the county or sheriff court. — Cyc. 
VI-CONTI-ELS, 72. pi. Things belonging to the sheriff; par- 
ticularly, farms for which the sheriff pays rent to the king. 
Vl'COUNT, n. [vice-comes.] 1. In law books, the sheriff. 2. 
A degree of nobility next below a count or earl : see Vis- 
count. 

VICTIM, 7i. [L. victima ; Fr. victime.) 1. A living being sac- 
rificed to some deity, or in the performance of a religious 
rite ; usually, some beast slain in sacrifice. 2. A person 
or thing destroyed ; a person or thing sacrificed in the 
pursuit of an object 

VICTIM-aTE, v. t. To sacrifice.— Bullokar. 

VIC'TIM-IZE, v. t. To make a victim of; to make the ob 
ject of extreme infliction or exaction. [A cant, but con. 
men word.] 

VICTOR, 7i. [L.] 1. One who conquers in war; a van 
quisher ; one who defeats an enemy in battle. Victor dif- 
fers from conqueror. We apply conqueror to one who sub- 
dues countries, kingdoms, or nations ; as, Alexander was 
the conqueror of Asia or India, or of many nations, or of 
the world. In such phrases we can not substitute victor. 
But we use victor when we speak of one who overcomes 
a particular enemy, or in a particular battle ; as, Cffisar 
was victor at Pharsalia. 2. One who vanquishes another 
in private combat or contest. 3. One who wins, or gains 
the advantage. 4. Master ; lord ; [rare.] 

VICTOR-ESS, n. A female who vanquishes. — Spenser. 

VI€-To'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. victorieux.] 1. Having conquered 
in battle or contest ; having overcome an enemy or antag 
onist ; conquering ; vanquishing. 2. That produces con- 
quest. 3. Emblematic of conquest ; indicating victory. 

VI€-T5'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With conquest ; with defeat of an 
enemy or antagonist ; triumphantly. 

VIC-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being victorious. 

VICTO-RY, 7i. [L. victoria ; Fr. victoire.] 1. Conquest; the 
defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in contest ; 
a gaining of the superiority in war or combat. 2. The ad- 
vatage or superiority gained over spiritual enemies. — 1 
Cor., xv. 

VICTRESS, 7i. A female who conquers.— Shak. 

VICTUAL (viftl), n. See Victuals. 

VICTUAL (vittl), v. t. 1. To supply with provisions for 
subsistence. 2. To store with provisions. 

VICTUALED (vit'tld), pp. Supplied with provisions. 

VICTUAL-ER (vit'tl-er), n 1. One who furnishes Drovi 
sions. 2. One who keeps a house of entertainment 3. 
A provision-ship. 

VICT'UAL-ING (viftl-ing), ppr. Supplying with provisions. 

VICT'UAL-ING-HOUSE (vit'tl-ing-), n. A house where pro- 
vision is made for strangers to eat 

VICTUALS (vit'tlz), n. pi. [Fr. viciuailles ; It. vettovaglia ; 
Sp. vitualla.] Food for human beings, prepared for eating; 
that which supports human life ; provisions ; meat ; sus- 
tenance 

Vl-DAinE', n. In French feudal jurisprudence, a name giv- 
en to a class of officers who represented the bishops, and 
who subsequently erected their offices into fiefs, and be- 
came feudal nobles. — Brande. 

VT'DE. [L.] See. 

VI-DEL'I-CET, adv. [L. for videre licet.] To wit; namely 
An abbreviation for this word is, viz. 

Vl'DE UT SV'PRA. [L.] See as above. 

tVID'U-AL, a. [L. viduus.] Belonging to the state of a 
widow. 

t yi-Dul-TY, n. [L. viduitas.] Widowhood. 

VIE, v. i. [Sax. wigan.] To strive for superiority ; to con- 
tend ; to use effort in a race, contest, competition, rival- 
ship, or strife. 

t VIE, v. t. 1. To show or practice in competition. 2. To 
urge ; to press. 

Vi'-ELLE' (ve-yel 7 ), n. [Fr.] A stringed instrument played 
upon with a wheel ; a hurdy-gurdy. — Buchanan. 

VI ET aRMIS. [L.] In law, with force and arms ; words 
expressive of a trespass. 

VIEW (vu), v. t. [Fr.vue; L. videre; Russ. viju.] 1. To 
survey : to examine with the eye ; to look on with atten- 
tion, or for the purpose of examining ; to inspect ; to ex- 
plore. View differs from look, see, and behold, in express- 
ing more particular or continued attention to the thing 
which is the object of 6ight. 2. To see ; to perceive by 



D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN'GER, VFCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z • cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



V1L 



me 



V1N 



the eye. 3. To survey intellectually; to examine with 
the mental eye ; to consider. 

VIEW (vu), n. 1. Prospect; sight; reach of the eye. 2. 
The whole extent seen. 3. Sight ; power of seeing, or 
limit of sight. 4. Intellectual or mental sight. 5. Act of 
seeing. 6. Sight; eye. 7. Survey; inspection; examina- 
tion by the eye. 8. Intellectual survey ; mental examina- 
tion. 9. Appearance ; show. 10. Display ; exhibition to 
the sight or mind. 11. Prospect of interest. 12. Inten- 
tion ; purpose ; design. 13. Opinion ; manner of seeing 
or understanding. — Point of view, the direction in which a 
thing is seen. 

v'L^WjBD (vude), pp. Surveyed; examined by the eye; 
inspected; considered. 

*> IK W'ER (vu'er), n. 1. One who views, surveys, or exam- 
ines.— 2. In New England, a town officer whose duty is to 
inspect something ; as, a viewer of fences. 

VIEWING (vu'ing),_£>p\ Surveying; examining by the eye 
or by the mind ; inspecting ; exploring. 

VIEWING (vu'ing), n. The act of beholding or surveying. 

VIEWLESS (vu'les), a. That can not be seen : not being 
perceivable by the eye : invisible. — Pope. 

\ VIEW'LY_(vu'le), a. Sightly ; striking to the view. 

VI-6ES-I-Ma'TION, n. [L. vigesimus.] The act of putting 
to death every twentieth man. — Bailey. 

^l(J'IL, n. [h.vigilia; Fr.vigile; L. vigil.] 1. Watch: de- 
v otion performed in the customary hours of rest or sleep. 
2. In Church affairs, the eve or evening before any feast ; 
a religious service performed in the evening preceding a 
holiday. 3. A fast observed on the day preceding a holi- 
day ; a wake. 4. Watch ; forbearance of sleep. 

VlG'I-LANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. vigilans.] 1. Forbearance of 
sleep ; a state of being awake. 2. Watchfulness ; circum- 
spection ; attention ot the mind in discovering and guard- 
ing against danger, or providing for safety. 3. Guard ; 
watch; [unusual] 

\ VWI-LAN-CY, for vigilance. 

VIg'I-LANT, a. [Fr. ; L. vigilans.] Watchful ; circum- 
spect ; attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to pro- 
vide for safety. 

VId'I-LANT-LY, adv. Watchfully; with attention to dan- 
ger and the means of safety; circumspectly. 

Vl-GIN-TIVI-RATE, n. [L. viginti and viri.] A body of of- 
ficers of government, consisting of twenty men. — Murphy. 

VIG-NETTE' (commonly pronounced vin'yet), n. [Fr. vig- 
nette.] A name given to small engraved embellishments 
with which books, bank-notes, &c, are ornamented. Such 
embellishments were originally painted on the margins of 
manuscripts, usually in the form of small vines {vignettes), 
whence the name. Properly, therefore, a vignette is a de- 
sign which is not surrounded, like ordinary pictures, with 
a border. — Lunier. — Landseer on Engraving. 

VIG'OR, n. [L.] 1. Active strength or force of body in an- 
imals ; physical force. 2. Strength of mind ; intellectual 
force ; energy. 3. Strength or force in animal or vegeta- 
ble motion. 4. Strength ; energy ; efficacy. 

f VIG'OR, y. t. To invigorate.— Feltham. 

VJG-O-RO'SO. [It.] In music, with energy. 

VIG'OR-OUS, a. 1. Full of physical strength or active force. 
2. Powerful; made by strength, either of body or mind. — 
Syn. Strong ; forcible ; active ; agile ; alert ; brisk ; nim- 
ble ; sedulous ; diligent. 

VIG'OR-OUS-LY, adv. With great physical force or strength ; 
forcibly ; with active exertions. 

VIG'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being vigorous or 
possessed of active strength. 

\ VIlS'd, I a - Vile.-^erasef. 

VILE, a. [L.vilis; Fr., Sp. w7; It. vile.] 1. Base; mean; 
worthless ; despicable. 2. Morally base or impure ; sin- 
ful ; depraved by sin ; wicked. 

\ VlLED, a. Abusive ; scurrilous ; defamatory. 

VlLE'LY, adv. 1. Basely ; meanly ; shamefully. 2. In a 
cowardly manner. — 2 Sam., i. 

VILE'NESS, n. 1. Baseness; meanness; despicableness. 
2. Moral baseness or depravity ; degradation by sin ; ex- 
treme wickedness. — Prior. 

VIL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of vilifying or defaming. 

VIL'1-Fl.ED (-fide), pp. Defamed ; traduced ; debased. 

VIL'I-Fl-ER, n. One who defames or traduces. 

VIL'I-FY, v. t. 1. To make vile ; to debase ; to degrade. 2. 
To accuse falsely ; to attempt to degrade by slander. — Syn. 
To defame ; traduce ; calumniate ; asperse ; slander. 

VIL'I-FS-ING, ppr. Debasing; defaming. 

f VIL1-FEND, v. t. [L. vilipendo.] To despise. 

f VIL-I-PEND'EN-CY, n. Disesteem ; slight. 

^VIL'I-TY, n. Vileness ; baseness. — Kennet. 

VILL, n. [L. villa; Fr. ville.] A village; a small collection 
of houses. — Hale. 

VIL'LA, n. [L. villa ; Fr. ville.] A country seat ; usually one 
for the residence of a wealthy person. 

V1L/LA6E, n. [Fr. ; villa.] A small assemblage of houses, 
less than a town or city. 



VIL'LA-<JER, n. An inhabitant of a village.— Milton. 

VIL'LA-6ER-Y, n. A district of villages.— Shak. 

VIL'LAIN (-lin), n. [Fr. vilain ; It, Sp. villano.] 1. In feud- 
al law, a villain or villein is one who holds lands by a base 
or servile tenure, or in villenage. 2. A vile, wicked per- 
son ; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of 
great crimes. 

VIL'LAIN-OUS, a. [from villain.] 1. Base ; very vile. 2. 
Wicked; extremely depraved. 3. Proceeding from ex- 
treme depravity. 4. Sorry ; vile ; mischievous. 

VIL'LAIN-OUS-LY, adv. Basely ; with extreme wickedness 
or depravity. 

VIL'LAIN-OUS-NESS, n. Baseness ; extreme depravity. 

VIL'LAIN-Y, n. 1. Extreme depravity; atrocious wicked 
ness. 2. A crime ; an action of deep depravity. 

VIL'LAN-AGE, n. 1. The state of a villain ; base servitude. 
2. A base tenure of lands ; tenure on condition of doing 
the meanest services for the lord ; usually written villen 
age. 3._Baseness ; infamy ; see Villany. 

VIL'LAN-iZE, v. t. To debase ; to degrade ; to defame ; to 
revile.— Dryden. [Little used.] 

VIL'LAN-lZ£D, pp. Defamed; debased. [Little xised.] 

t VIL'LAN-lZ-ER, n. One who degrades, debases, or de 
fames. 

VIL'LAN-IZ-ING, ppr. Defaming ; debasing. [Little used.] 

VIL'LAN-OUS, a. [It is desirable that this and the three 
following words should be spelt with i (villainous, &c), 
as given above, being regularly derived from villain.] 1. 
Base ; very vile. 2. Wicked ; extremely depraved. 3. 
Proceeding from extreme depravity. 4. Sorry ; vile ; mis- 
chievous. 

VIL'LAN-OUS-LY, adv. Basely ; with extreme wicked- 
ness or depravity. 

VIL'LAN-OUS-NESS, n. Baseness ; extreme depravity. 

VIL'LAN-Y, n. 1. Extreme depravity ; atrocious wicked- 
ness. 2. A crime ; an action of deep depravity. 

VIL-LAT'I€, a. [L. villaticus.] Pertaining to a village. 

VIL'LEI'N, n. See Villain, No. 1. 

VIL'LEN-A<JE, n. [from villain.] A tenure of lands and 
tenements by base services. — Blackslone. 

VIL'Ll, n. pi. [L.] In anatomy, fine small fibres ; in botany, 
fine hairs on plants. 

VIL'LOUS, a. [L. villosus.] 1. Abounding with fine hairs 
or woolly substance ; nappy ; shaggy ; rough. — 2. In bota- 
ny, covered with soft hairs. 

VIM'IN-AL, a. [L. viminalis.] Pertaining to twigs ; consist 
ing of twigs ; producing twigs. 

Vl-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. vimineus.] Made of twigs or shoots 

VI-Na'CEOUS (vi-na'shus), a. [L. vinaceus.] 1. Belonging 
to wine or grapes. — White. 2. Of the color of wine. 

VIN-aI-GRETTE, n. [Fr.] A small box of silver, &c. 
with perforations on the top, for holding aromatic vinegai 
contained in a sponge, and used like a smelling-bottle. 

VIN'CI-BLE. a. [from L. vinco.] Conquerable ; that may 
be overcome or subdued. — Hayward. 

VIN'CI-BLE-NESS, \ n. The capacity of being conquered ; 

VIN-CI-BIL'I-TY, 5 conquerableness.— Diet. 

i VIN€'TtJRE, n. [L. vinctura.] A binding. 

VIN€1J-LUM, n. [L.] A bond of union; particularly, in math- 
ematics, a straight mark placed over several members oi 
a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the 
8ame_ operation. — Day. 

VIN-De'MI-AL, a. [L. vindemialis.] Belonging to a vintaga 
or grape harvest. 

VIN-De'MI-aTE, v. i. To gather the vintage.— Evelyn. 

VIN-DE-MI-a'TION, n. The operation of gathering grapes, 

VIN-DI-€A-BIL'I-T Y, n. The quality of being vindicable, oi 
capable of support or justification. 

VIN'DI-€A-BLE, a. That may be vindicated, justified, oi 
supported. — Dwight. 

VIN'DI-€aTE, v. t. [L. vindico.] 1. To defend ; to justify , 
to support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, 
censure, or objections. 2. To assert ; to defend with suc- 
cess ; to maintain ; to prove to be just or valid. 3. To de- 
fend with arms or otherwise ; to protect. 4. To avenge ; 
to punish ; [obs.] 

VIN'DI-€a-TED, pp. Defended ; supported ; maintained , 
proved to be just or true. 

VIN'DI-€ A-TING, ppr. Defending; supporting ; proving to 
be true or just ; defending by force. 

VIN-DI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.; \ vindico.] 1. The defense oi 
any thing, or a justification against denial or censure, or 
against objections or accusations. 2. The act of support 
ing by proof or legal process ; the proving of any thing to 
be just. 3. Defense by force or otherwise. 

* VIN'DI-€a-TiVE, a, 1. Tending to vindicate. 2. Re 
vengeful. 

VIN'DI-€a-TOR, n. One who vindicates ; one who justifies 
or maintains ; one who defends. — Dryden. 

VIN'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. 1. Punitory ; inflicting punishment ; 
avenging. 2. Tending to vindicate ; justificatory. 

VIN-DI€TlVE, a. [Fr, vindicatif] Revengeful ; given to 
revenge. — Dryden. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, <fcc, long.— a, k, 1, &c., short.— FaR, F ALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



VTO 



1113 



V1R 



VlN-Df€'TiVE-LY, adv. With revenge; revenzefully. 

VTN-Dl€TlVE-NESS, n. 1. A revengeful temper. 2. Re- 
vengefulness. 

VINE, n. [L. vinea ; Fr. vigne; It. vigna; Sp. vifia.] 1. A 
woody climbing plant that produces grapes, of the genus 
vitis. 2. The long, slender stem of any plant that trails on 
the ground, or climt s and supports itself by winding round 
a fixed object, or by seizing any fixed thing with its ten- 
drils or clampers. — Forby. 

VlNE'-CLAD, a. Clad or covered with vines.— Coleridge. 

VlNE'-DRESS-ER, n. [vine and dresser.] One who dress- 
es, trims, prunes, and cultivates vines. 

VTNE'-FRET-TER, n. [vine nn&fret.] A small insect that 
injures vines, an aphis or puceron. 

VlNE'-GRUB, n. [vine and grub.) A little insect that in- 
fests vines ; the vine-fretter or puceron. — Cyc. 

VTNED, a. Having leaves like those of the vine. — Wotton. 

VIN'E-GAR, n. [Fr. vin and aigre.} 1. An acid liquor ob- 
tained from wine, cider, beer, &c, by the acetous ferment- 
ation. The acid of vinegar is the acetic. 2. Any thing 
really or metaphorically sour ; [obs.] 

VTN'ER, n. An orderer or trimmer of vines. — Huloet. 

VTNER-Y, n. In gardening, an erection for supporting 
vines and exposing them to artificial heat, consisting of a 
wall with stoves and flues. 

VINE'YARD (vin'yard), n. [Sax. vingeard ; Ir. fionghort.] 
A plantation of -sines producing grapes ; properly, an in- 
closure or vard for grape-vines. 

t VIN-NEWED. a. [Sa^fynig.] Moldy ; musty.— Newton. 

tVIN'NEWiJD-NESS, n. Mustiness; moldiness.— Barret. 

\ VIN'NY, a. Moldy ; musty. 

\ VIN'O-LEN-CY, n. [L. vinolentia.] Drunkenness. 

i" yiN'O-LENT, a. Given to wine. 

Vi-NOS'I-TY, n. State or quality of being vinous. — Scott. 

Vl'NOUS, a. [Fr. vineux ; L. vinum.] Having the qualities 
of wine ; pertaining to wine. 

VINTAGE, n. [Fr. rendange.] 1. The produce of the vine 
for the season. 2. The time of gathering the crop of 
grapes. 3. The wine produced by the crop of grapes in 
one season. 

VINTAGE-SPRING, n. A wine-fount. 

VINTAGER n. One who gathers the vintage. 

VINTNER, n. One who deals in wine ; a wine-seller. 

VINTRY, n. A pTace where wine is sold. — Ainswortk. 

Vl'NY, a. 1. Belonging to vines ; producing grapes. 2. 
Abounding in vines. — P. Fletcher. 

Vl'OL, n. [Fr. viole ; It., Sp. viola ; Ir. biol.] 1. A stringed 
musical instrument, of the same form as the violin, but 
larger, and having formerly six strings, to be struck with 
a bow. — 2. Among seamen, a large rope sometimes used in 
weighing anchor; also written voyol. — Totten. 

VI-O'LA, n. [It] A larger kind of violin ; a tenor violin. 

Vl'O-LA-BLE, a. [L. violabilis.] That may be violated, 
broken, or injured. 

Vl-O-L a'CEOUS, a. [L. viola.} Resembling violets. 

Vi'O-LaTE, v.t. [Fr. violer ; L. violo ; It. violare ; Sp. vio- 
lar.] 1. To break in upon in a violent manner ; as, to vi- 
olate the sanctity of private rights. 2. To set aside in a 
violent manner ; as. to violate a treaty, laws, &c. 3. To 
injure ; to do violence to. 4. To treat with irreverence. 
5. To ravish ; to compress by force.— Syn. To injure ; dis- 
turb ; interrupt; infringe; transgress ; profane; deflower. 

Vi'O-La-TED, pp. or a. Injured ; transgressed ; ravished. 

VI'O-La-TING, ppr. Injuring; infringing; ravishing. 

Vl-O-LI'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of violating or injuring; 
interruption, as of sleep or peace. 2. Infringement ; trans- 
gression ; non-observance. 3. Act of irreverence ; profa- 
nation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things. 4. 
Ravishment ; rape. 

Vi'0-La.-TiVE, a. Violating, or tending to violate. 

Vi'O-La-TOR, n. 1. One who violates, injures, interrupts, or 
disturbs. 2. One w T ho infringes or transgresses. 3. One 
_who profanes or treats with irreverence. 4. A ravisher. 

Vl'O-LENCE, n. [L.violc?itia.] 1. Physical force ; strength 
of action or motion. 2. Moral force; highly excited feel- 
ing ; as, to inveigh with violence. 3. Unjust force ; crimes 
of all kind*. 4. Highly excited action ; as, the violence of 
a disease. 5. The act of breaking in upon or infringing ; 
as, violence to the laws of decorum. 6. Ravishment; rape. 
-To do violence to, or on, to attack; to murder. — To do 
violence to, to outrage; to force; to injiire. — Syn. Vehe- 
mence ; outrage ; fierceness ; eagerness ; violation ; in- 
fraction ; infringement ; transgression ; oppression. 

VT'O-LENCE, v. t. To assault; to injure ; also, to bring by 
violence. — Ben Jonson. [Little used.] 

VTO-LENT, a. [Fr. ; L. violentus.] 1. Forcible ; moving or 
acting with physical strength ; urged or driven with force. 
2. Characterized by great force or violence. 3. Produced 
or continued by force ; not spontaneous or natural. 4. 
Produced by violence ; not natural. 5. Acting by vio- 
lence ; assailant ; not authorized. 6. Extorted ; not vol- 
untary. — Violent presumption, in law, is presumption that 
arises from circumstances which necessarily attend such 



facte.— Syn. Fierce; vehement; outrageous; boisterous 
turbulent ; furious ; impetuous ; passionate ; severe ; ea 
treme. 

t Vi'O-LENT, n. An assailant. 

t yi'O-LENT, v. t. To urge with violence.— Fuller. 

Vl'O-LENT-LY, adv. With force ; forcibly ; vehemently 

Vl-O-LES'CENT, a. Tending to a violet color. 

Vl'O-LET, n. [Fr. violate ; It. violctto ; L. viola.] A plant 
and flower of the genus viola, of many species. They are 
generally low herbaceous plants, and the flowers of many 
of the species are of some shade of blue. 

Vl'O-LET, a. Dark blue, inclining to red. 

Vl-O-LIN', n. [It. violino ; Fr. violon.) A musical instru 
ment with four strings, played with a bow ; a fiddle ; one 
of the most perfect and most powerful instruments that 
has been invented. 

Vl-O-LIN'IST, n. A person skilled in playing on a violin. 

Vi'O-LIST, n. A player on the viol.— Todd. 

VI-O-LON-CEL'LIST, n. One who plays on a violoncello. 

* Vi'-O-LON-CEL'LO (ve-o-lon-chel'lo or ve-o-lon-sello), n 
[It] A stringed instrument of music ; a bass-viol of four 
strings, or a bass-violin with long large strings, giving 
sounds an octave lower than the tenor violin. 

Vi'-O-Ld'NE, n. A large bass- violin, called a double base, 
whose strings he an octave below the violoncello.— 
Bvande. 

Vl'PER, n. [L. vipera; Fr. vipere.) 1. A European serpent 
whose bite is venomous. Two harmless American ser- 
pents are improperly called vipers. 2. A person or thing 
mischievous or malignant 

VT'PER-lNE, a. [L. viperinus.] Pertaining to a viper or to 
vipers. 

Vl'PER-OUS, a. [L. vipereus.] Having the qualities of a vi- 
per: malignant; venomous. — Shak. 

Vi'PER'S Bu'GLOSS, n. A plant of the genus echium. 

Vl'PER'S GRISS, n. A plant of the genus scorzon era, pop- 
ularly esteemed in Spain a remedy for the bite of the vi- 
per. — Loudon. 

t Vi-RA-GIN'I-AN, a. -Having the qualities of a virago. — 
Milto7i. 

VI-RA-GINI-TY, n. The qualities of a virago. 

Vi-Ra'GO, n. [L. from r jr.] 1. A woman of extraordinary 
stature, strength, and courage ; a female who has the ro- 
bust body and masculine mind of man ; a female warrior. 
— 2. In common language, a bold, impudent, turbulent 
woman ; a termagant. 

t ViiRE, n. [Sp. vira.] An arrow. — Gower. 

VIR'E-LaY, n. [Fr. virelal] An ancient Fiench song or 
short poem, derived from Provence, of a peculiar meas 
ure, and usually of a sportive character. — Diet, del' Acad. 

Vl'RENT, a. [L. virens.] Green ; verdant ; fresh. 

Vl-RES'CENT, a. Slightly green ; beginning to be green. 

VIR'GaTE, a. [L. virga.] In botany, having the shape of a 
rod or wand. 

VtR'GXTE, n. A yardland.— Warton. 

ViRgE, n. See Vekge. 

ViR-GlL'I-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poci 

2. Resembling the style of Virgil. — Young. 

ViR'GlN (vurijin), n. [It. virgine ; Sp. virgen ; Fr. merge , 
L. virgo.] 1. A woman who has had no carnal knowl- 
edge of man. 2. A woman not a mother. 3. A person ol 
either sex who has not been married. — 1 Cor., viL, 25. 4. 
The sign Virgo ; see Virgo. 

ViR'GlN, a. 1. Pure ; untouched. 2. Fresh ; new ; unused 

3. Becoming a virgin; maidenly; modest; indicating mod 
esty. 4. Pure ; chaste. 

ViR'GlN, v. i. To play the virgin.— Shak. [A cant word.] 

ViR/GlN-AL. a. Pertaining to a virgin; maidenly. — Ham 
mond. 

ViR'GIN-AL, n. A keyed instrument of one string, jack and 
quill to each note, like a spinet, but in shape resembling 
the piano-forte. — Burney ; [out of use.] 

ViR'GlN-AL, v. i. To pat ; to strike as on a virginal. — Shak. 
[A cant word.] 

ViR-GlN'I-TY, n. [L. virginitas.} Maidenhood ; the state ol 
having had no carnal knowledge of man. 

YiR'GIN'S BOW'ER, n. A climbing plant of the genus 
clematis. 

ViR'GO, n. [L.] A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters 
in August ; a constellation of the zodiac. — Cyc. 

YiR/GO-LEtiSE, n. [Fr.] A variety of pear ; with us pro- 
nounced virgoloo, or vergoloo. See Vekgoulecse, the 
^■orrect orthography. 

VT-RID'I-TY, n. [L. viriditas.] Greenness ; verdure ; the 
color of fresh vegetables. — Evelyn. 

tVl'RlLE, a. [L. virilis.] 1. Pertaining to a man, in the 
eminent sense of the word ; belonging* to the male sex. 2 
Masculine ; not puerile or feminine. 

Vl-RIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. virilUe ; L. virilitas.] 1. Manhood ; 
the state of the male sex, which has arrived to the matu- 
rity and strength of a man, and to the power of procrea- 
tion. 2. The power of procreation. 3. Character of man 
[unusual.] 



D6 VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ?H as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsolM. 



VIS 



1114 



VIS 



ViR-MILION (vur-mil'yun), n. [properly vermilion.] A red 
color. — Roscommon. 

* ViRTU, n. [It.] A love of the fine arts ; a taste for curi- 
osities. — Chesterfield. 

ViRTU-AL (virtyu-al), a. [Fr. virtuel] 1. Potential ; hav- 
ing the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the 
material or sensible part. 2. Being in essence or effect, 
not in fact. — Virtual focus, in optSps, the point from which 
rays, having been rendered divergent by reflection or re- 
fraction, appear to issue.— Virtual velocity, in mechanics, 
the velocity which a body in equilibrium would actually 
acquire during the first instant of its motion in case of the 
equilibrium being disturbed. — Brande. 

V1R-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Efficacy.— Brown. 

ViRTU-AL-LY, adv. In efficacy or effect only ; by means 
of some virtue or influence, or the instrumentality of some- 
thing els_e. 

I VIR'TU-aTE, v. t. To make efficacious.— Harvey. 

VIRTUE (vurf yu), n. [Fr. vertu ; It. virtu ; Sp. vertud ; L. 
virtus.] 1. Strength ; that substance or quality of phys- 
ical bodies by which they act and produce effects on oth- 
er bodies. 2. Bravery ; valor. This was the predom- 
inant signification of virtus among the Romans. {Nearly 
obs.] 3. Moral goodness ; the practice of moral duties 
and the abstaining from vice, or a conformity of life and 
conversation to the moral law. 4. A particular moral ex- 
cellence. 5. Acting power; something efficacious. 6. Se- 
cret agency ; efficacy without visible or material action. 

7. Excellence ; or that which constitutes value and merit. 

8. One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy. — Milton. 

9. Efficacy ; power. — Addison. 10. Legal efficacy or pow- 
er ; authority. — In virtue, in consequence ; by the efficacy 
or authority. 

VIRTUE-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of virtue. 2. Destitute of 
efficacy or operating qualities. — Fairfax. 

VIR-TU-o'SO, n. [It.] A man skilled in the fine arts, par- 
ticularly in music, or a man skilled in antiquities, curiosi- 
ties, and the like. 

VIR-TU-O'SO-SHIP, n. The pursuits of a virtuoso. 

V1RTU-OUS (vurfyu-us), a. 1. Morally good; acting in 
conformity to the moral law. 2. Being in conformity to 
the moral or divine law. 3. Chaste ; [applied to women.] 
4. Efficacious by inherent qualities ; [obs.] 5. Having 
great or powerful properties ; [obs.] 6. Having medicinal 
qualities ; [obs.] 

ViRTU-OUS-LY, adv. In a virtuous manner; in conform- 
ity with the moral law or with duty. — Addison. 

ViRTU-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being virtuous. 

VIR'U-LENCE, In. 1. That quality of a thing which ren- 

VIR'U-LEN-CY, 5 ders it extremely active in doing injury ; 
acrimony ; malignancy. 2. Acrimony of temper ; ex- 
treme bitterness or malignity. 

VIR'U-LENT, a. [L. virulentus.] 1. Extremely active in 
doing injury ; very poisonous or venomous. 2. Very bit- 
ter in enmity ; malignant. 

VTR'U-LENT-ED,a. Filled with poison.— Feltham. 

VIR'U-LENT-LY, adv. With malignant activity ; with bit- 
ter spite or severity. 

VT'RUS, n. [L.] Active or contagious matter of an ulcer, 
pustule, &c. ; poison. 

VIS, 72. [L.] Force; power; as, vis vita, the vital power. 
The term, however, is used chiefly in mechanics, 

VISA6E, n. [Fr. ; It. visaggio.] The face ; the countenance 
or look of a person, or of other animals ; [chiefly applied 
to human beings.] 

VISA.G.ED, a. Having a visage or countenance. — Milton. 

VIS'-A-ViS' (viz'-a-ve'), n. [Fr. opposite, face to face.] A 
carriage in which two persons sit face to face. 

VIS'CE-RA, n. ; pi. of Viscus. [L.J The bowels ; the con- 
tents of the abdomen, thorax, and cranium. 

VIS'CE-RAL, a. [L. viscera.] 1. Pertaining to the viscera, 
2. Feeling; having sensibility ; [unusual.] 

VIS'CER-aTE, v. t. To exenterate; to embowel; to de 
prive of the entrails or viscera. 

VIS'CID, a. [L. viscidus.] Glutinous ; sticky ; tenacious 
not readily separating. 

VIS-CID'TTY, n. 1. Glutinousness ; tenacity ; stickiness 
2. Ghr ins concretion. — Floyer. 

VIS-CO. ; -.-TY, )a. Glutinousness ; tenacity ; viscidity 

VIS'COUS-NESS, 5 that quality of soft substances which 
makes them adhere so as not to be easily parted. 

VlS'€OUNT (vi'kount), n. [L. vice-comes ; Fr. vicomte.] 1 
An officer who formerly supplied the place of the count 
or earl ; the sheriff of the county ; [England.] 2. A de 
gree or title of nobility next in rank below an earl ; [Engl 

VfS'€OUNT-ESS (vi'kount-es), n. The lady of a viscount' 
a peeress of the fourth order. — Johnson. 

ViS'COUNT-SHIP (vi'kount-ship), \ n. The quality and of- 

VlS'€OUNT-Y (vl'kount-e), 5 fice of a viscount. 

VIS'€OU8, a. [Fr. visqueux ; from L. viscus.] Glutinous 
clammy ; sticky ; adhesive : tenacious. 

VIS'€US, n. ; pi. Vis'cera. [L.] An entrail ; one of the 
contents of the cranium, thorax, or abdomen 



VISE, n. [Fr. vis.] See Vice. 

Vi'-SE' (vee-za'). [Fr.J Literally, seen ; an indorsement 
made by the police-officers in large towns of France, Bel- 
gium, &.C., on the back of a passport, denoting that it has 
been examined, and that the person who bears it is per- 
mitted to proceed on his journey. Hence, travelers speak 
of getting their passports visaed. 

VISH'NU, n. In the Hindoo mythology, the name of one of 
the chief deities of the trimurti or triad ; the preserver. 

VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. visibilite.] 1. The state or quality 
of being perceivable to the eye. 2. The state of being dis- 
coverable or apparent ; conspicuousness. 

VIS'I-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. visibilis.] 1. Perceivable by the eye ; 
that can be seen. 2. Discovered to the eye. — 3. Visible 
church, see Church, n., No. 2. — Visible horizon, see Hori- 
zon, No. 1. Open to observation ; easy to be discerned; 
as, his designs now became visible. — Syn. Apparent ; ob- 
vious ; manifest ; clear ; distinct ; evident ; plain ; discern- 
ible ; conspicuous ; notorious. 

VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of being visible ; visi- 
bility. 

VIS'I-BLY. adv. In a manner perceptible to the eye. 

VIS'I-GOTH, n. The name of the western Goths, or that 
branch of the Gothic tribes which settled in Dacia, as dis- 
tinguished from the Ostrogoths, or eastern Goths, who had 
their seats in Pontus. — Encyc. Am. 

VIS-I-GOTH'IC, a. Pertaining to the Visigoths. 

VIS IN-ERTIjE, n. [L.J 1. The resistance of matter to a 
commencement of motion when at rest, and also to a ces 
sation or change of motion when moving. — Vis inertia and 
inertia are not strictly synonymous. The former implies 
the resistance given, while the latter implies the property 
by which it is given. Gravitation is exactly proportioned 
to inertia. 2. Inertness ; inactivity. 

Vl"SION (vizh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. visio. 1. The act of seeing 
external objects ; actual sight. 2. The faculty of seeing , 
sight. 3. Something imagined to be seen, though not real ; 
an apparition ; a phantom ; a spectre. — 4. In Scripture, a 
revelation from God. 5. Something imaginary ; the pro- 
duction of fancy. 6. Any thing which is the object of 
sight. 

Vt'"SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a vision. — Waterland. 

VI"SION-A-RI-NESS (vizh'un-a-re-nes), n. The quality of 
being visionary. 

VI"SION-A-RY (vizh'un-a-re), a. [Fr. visionnaire.] 1. Af- 
fected by phantoms ; disposed to receive impressions on 
the imagination. 2. Imaginary ; fantastical ; existing in 
imagination only ; not real ; having no solid founda- 
tion. 

Vi"SION-A-RY, 7i. 1. One whose imagination is disturbed. 
2. One who forms impracticable schemes ; one who is 
confident of success in a project which others perceive to 
be idle and fanciful; an enthusiast. — [Visionist, in a like 
sense, is not used.] 

Vl"SION-LESS (vizh'un-les), a. Destitute of visions. 

VISIT, v. t. [L. visito ; Fr. visiter ; It. visitare.] 1. To go or 
come to see ; to attend. 2. To go or come to see for in- 
spection, examination, correction of abuses, &c. 3. To 
salute with a present. 4. To go to and to use. — 5. In naval 
affairs, to enter on board a vessel for the purpose of ascer- 
taining her character without searching her.— 6. To visit. 
in the Scriptures, denotes to bestow good or evil, according 
to the tenor of the passage ; as, to visit in mercy or in 
wrath. 

VISIT, v. i. To keep up the interchange of civilities and 
salutations ; to practice going to see others. 

VISIT, n. 1. The act of going to see another or of calling 
at his house ; a waiting on. 2. The act of going to see. 3. 
A going to see or attending on. 4. The act of going to 
view or inspect. 

VIS'IT-A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to be visited. 

VIS'IT-ANT, n. One who goes or comes to see another ; 
one who is a guest in the house of a friend ; a visitor. 

VIS-IT-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. visito.] 1. The act of visiting. 
2. Object of visit ; [unusual.] — 3. In law, the act of a su- 
perior or superintending officer, who visits a corporation, 
college, church, or other house, to examine into the man- 
ner in which it is conducted.— 4. In Scripture, and in a re- 
ligious sense, the sending of afflictions and distresses on 
men to punish them for their sins, or to prove them. 5. 
Communication of Divine love ; exhibition of Divine good- 
ness and mercy. Hooker. — 6. In naval affairs, the act of 
a naval commander who visits or enters on board of a 
vessel belonging to another nation, for the purpose of as- 
certaining her character and object, but without claiming 
or exercising a right of searching the vessel. 7. A church 
festival in honor of the visit of the Virgin Mary to Eliza- 
beth, celebrated on the second of July. — Brande. 

VIS-I-TA-To'PJ-AL, a. Belonging to a judicial visitor or su- 
perintendent. See Visitorial. 

VIS'IT-ED, pp. Waited on ; attended ; inspected ; subject 
ed to suffering ; favored with relief or mercy. 

VIS'IT-ING, ppr. 1. Going or coming to see ; attending on, 



■ ::tc 



Synopsis. A 



E. T. &c, long.— A, K, 1, &c~ short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;- MARINE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK 



V1T 



1115 



VI V 



«ta a physician ; inspecting officially ; afflicting ; showing 
mercy to. 2. a. Authorized to visit and inspect 

VISITING, n. The act of going to see or of attending ; vis- 
itation. 

VIS'IT-OR, n. [Fr. visiteur.) 1. One who conies or goes to 
see another, as in civility or friendship. 2. A superior or 
person authorized to visit a corporation or any institution, 
for the purpose of seeing that the laws and regulations are 
observed. 

VIS-I-To'RI-AL, a. [from visitor ; written, improperly, visi- 
tatorial.] Belonging to a judicial visitor or superintendent. 

Vl'SlYE, a. [from L. visits.) Pertaining to the power of 
seeing ; formed in the act of seeing. — Brown. 

VISNE (veen), n. [Norm. ; L. vicinia.) Neighborhood. 

f VIS'NO-MY, n. [a barbarous contraction of physiognomy.) 
Face ; countenance — Spenser. 

VTS'OR, n. [Fr. visiere; It. visiera; from L. visus, video; 
written, also, visard, visar. vizard.) 1. A perforated part 
of a helmet. 2. A head-piece or mask used to disfigure 
and disguise. 

VIS'OR-ED, a. Wealing a visor ; masked; disguised. 

VISTA, n. [It., from L. visus.) A view or prospect through 
an avenue, as between rows of trees : hence, the trees or 
other things that form the avenue. 

VIS'U-AL (vizh'u-al), a. [Fr. visuel; It. visuale.) Pertaining 
to sight ; used in sight ; serviug as the instrument of see- 
ing.— Visual angle, in optics, the angle under which an ob- 
ject is seen ; the angle formed at the eye by the rays of 
light coming from the extremities of the object. Brande. 
— Visual point, in perspective, a point in the horizontal line 
in which the visual rays unite. — Visual ray, a line of light 
supposed to come from a point of the object to the eye. — 
Gicilt. 

VISIJ-AL-lZE (vizh'u-al-ize). v. t. To make visual. 

VIS'U-AL-lZi: D (vizh'u-al-izd), pp. Rendered visual.— Cole- 
ridge. 

Vl'TAL, j.. [L. vitalis.) 1. Pertaining to life, either animal 
or vegetable. 2. Contributing to life ; necessary to life. 
3. Containing life. 4. Being the seat of life ; being that on 
which life depends. 5. Very necessary ; highly important ; 
essential. 6. So disposed as to live; [rare.) — Vital air, 
oxygen gas, which is essential to animal life. 

Vl-TAL'I-TY, 7i. [from vital.) 1. The principle of anima- 
tion, or of life. 2. The act of living ; animation. 

Vi-TAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act or process of infusing the 
vital principle.— Caldwell. 

VTTAL-IZE, v. t. 1. To Give life.— Trans. Pausanias. 2. 
To furnish with the vital principle.— Caldwell. 

VTTAL-lZE D. pp. or a. Supplied with the vital principle. 

Vl'TAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Furnishing with the vital principle. 

Vi'TAL-LY, adv. 1. In such a manner as to give life. 2. 
_Essentially. 

Vl'TALS, n. pi. 1. Parts of animal bodies essential to life, 
such as the viscera, dependent on the great sympathetic 
nerve. 2. The part essential to life, or to a sound state. 

VITEL-LA-RY, n. [L. vitellus.) The place where the yelk 
of an egg swims in the white. [Little used.) 

VTTIaTE (vish'ate), v. t. [L. vitio.) 1. To injure the sub- 
stance or qualities of a thing, so as to impair or spoil its 
use and value. 2. To render defective ; to destroy, as the 
validity or binding force of an instrument or transaction. 
— Syn. To contaminate ; taint ; defile ; pollute ; infect ; 
sophisticate ; deprave ; embase. 

Vf'TII-TED (vish'a-ted), pp. or a. Depraved ; rendered 
impure ; rendered defective and void. 

Vl'TJ I-TING, ppr. Depraving ; rendering of no validity. 

VI'TI-a'TION (vish-e-a'shun), n. 1. The act of vitiating. 
2. A rendering invalid. — Syn. Contamination ; corruption ; 
pollution; depravation; taint; vitiositv. 

f VIT-I-LITT-GaTE, v. i. [L. vuiosus and litigo.) To con- 
tend in law litigiously or cavilously. 

f VIT-I-LIT-I-G1TION, n. Cavilous litigation.— Hudibras. 

Vl"TI-OS'I-TY (vish-e-os'e-te), n. A corrupted state ; depra- 
vation. 

Vi'TIOUS, f 

Vi"TIOUS-LY. > See Vicious and its derivatives. 

VlTlOUS-NESS. ) 

VIT'RE-0-E-LE€TRI€, a. Containing or exhibiting posi- 
tive electricity, or that which is excited by rubbing glass. 

VITRE-OUS, a. [L. vitrcus.) 1. Pertaining to glass. 2. 
Consisting of glass. 3. Resembling glass ; as, the vitreous 
humor, which is the interior humor of the eye, occupying 
the part behind the crystalline lens, or f ths of the eye. 

VITRE-OUS-NES3, n. The quality or state of being vitre- 
ous : resemblance of glass. 

VI-TRES'CENCE, n. [L. varum.) Glassiness ; or the qual- 
ity of being capable of conversion into glass ; susceptibil- 
ity of being formed into glass. 

VI-TRES'CENT, a. Capable of being formed into glass ; 
tending to become glass. 

VI-TRESCI-BLE, a. "That can be vitrified.— Encyc. 

VIT-RI-FAC'TION, n. The act, process, or operatian of 
conrerting into glass by heat. 



| VITRI-Fi-A-BLE a. Capable of being converted into glass 
by heat and fusion. 

t VI-TRIF'I-€A-BLE, for ritrifiable. 

t VIT'RI-FI-CaTE. for vitrify .—Bacon. 

YIT-RI-FJ-€a'TIOX, n. Yitrifaction. 

VITRI-Fl£ D, pp. or a. Converted into glass. 

VIT'RI-FORM, a. [L. thrum, and form.) Ilaving the form 
or resemblance of glass. — Fourcroy. 

VITRI-FY, v. t. [L. vitrum and facio.) To convert into 
glass by fusion or the action of heat. 

VIT'RI-FY, v. i. To become glass ; to be converted into 
glass. — Arbuthnot. 

VITRI-FY-ING, ppr. Converting into glass. 

VIT'RI-OL, n. [Fr. vitriol; It. vitriuolo ; Sp. titriolo.) A 
soluble sulphate of either of the metals. Copperas or 
green sulphate of iron is called green vitriol ; a red sul- 
phate of iron is red vitriol, or vitriol of Mars ; sulphate of 
copper has a blue color, and is called blue vitriol ; a white 
sulphate of zinc is called white vitriol ; a sulphate of cobalt 
is cobalt vitriol. — Oil of vitriol is sulphuric acid. — Dana. 

VITTU-O-LaTE, v. t. To convert into a vitriol or sulphate. 

VITRI-O-La-TED, pp. Converted into a sulphate or a vit- 
riol. 

VITRI-O-La-TING, ppr. Turning into a sulphate or a vit- 
riol. 

VIT-RI-O-LX'TION, n. The act or process of converting 
into a sulphate or a vitriol. 

VIT-RI-OL'I€, a. Pertaining to vitriol ; having the qualities 
of vitriol, or obtained from vitriol. — Vitriolic acid, or oil 
of vitriol, is sulphuric acid. 

VI'PRI-OL-IZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into 
vitriol or a sulphate. 

VIT-RI-OL-1-Za'TION, n. See Vitriolation. 

VIT'RI-OL-lZE, v. t. See Vitriolate. 

VIT'RI-OL-lZ£D, pp. See Vitriolated 

VITTU-OL-lZ-ING, ppr. See Vitriolating. 

\TTtJ-LlNE, a. [L. vitulinus.) Belonging to a calf, or tn 
veal._ 

t Vl-Tu'PER-A-BLE, a. Blameworthy ; censurable. 

Vi-Tu'PER-aTE, v. t. [L. vitupcro.) To blame ; to censure. 
[Little used.) 

Vl-TU-PER-A'TION, n. [L. vituperatio.) Blame; censure. 
[Little used.) 

Vl-Tu'PER-A-TlVE, a. Uttering or writing censure ; con 
tabling censure. — Pope. 

Vi-Tu'PER-A-TlVE-LY, adv. With vituperation. 

VY-Va'CE (ve-va'cha). [It.] In music, brisk and lively. 

Vi-Va'CIOUS (-shus), a. [L. vivax.) 1. Having great liveli- 
ness and activity; sprightly in temper or conduct. 2. 
Long-lived ; [obs.) 3. Having vigorous powers of life. — 
Syn. Sprightly ; active ; animated ; sportive ; gay ; merry 
jocund: light-hearted. 

VI-Va'CIOUS-LY, adv. With vivacity, life, or spirit 

Vi-Va'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Activity; liveliness ; sprightli 
ness of temper or behavior ; vivacity. 2. Power of iv 
big ; also, long life ; [obs.) 

Vl-VAC'I-T Y, n. [Fr. vivacite ; L. vivacitas.) 1. Liveliness 
sprightliness of temper or behavior. 2. Air of life and 
activity. 3. Life ; animation ; spirits. 4. Power of living 
Jobs.) 5. Longevity ; [obs.) 

Vl'VA-RY. n. [L. vivarium.) A warren ; a place for keep 
ing living animals, as a pond, a park, &c. 

Vl'VAT RE-6VNA. [L.] Long live the queen. 

Vl'VAT ReS-PUB'LI-CA. [L.J Long live the republic. 

Vl'VAT REX. [L.] Long live the king. 

Vl'VA VO'CE. [L.] By word of mouth ; as, to vote viva 
voce. 

Vi'VE (veev). [Fr.] Long live ; success to ; as, vive le rci 
long live the king; vive la bagatelle, success to trifles or 
sport. 

tVlVE, a. [Tr.vif; L. vivus.) Lively; forcible.— Bacon. 

t Yi YE'LY, adv. In a lively manner. 

t Vl'VEN-C Y, n. [L. vivens, from vivo.) Manner of support- 
ing life or vegetation. — Brown. 

YlYES, n. A disease of brute animals, particularly of hoi- 
ses, seated in the glands under the ear.— Cyc. 

VIV'I-AN-lTE, 7i. A phosphate of iron, of various shades 
of blue and green. — Phillips. 

VIVID, a. [L. vividus.) Literally, full of life. 1. Exhibit- 
ing the appearance of life or freshness : as, vivid colore, 
vivid representations. 2. Forming brilliant images, or 
painting in lively colors ; as, a vivid imagination. — Syn. 
Clear; lucid; bright; strong; striking; lively ; quick, 
sprightly; active. 

VIV'ID-LY, adv. 1. With life ; with strength. 2. With 
brightness ; in bright colors. 3. In glowing colors ; with 
animated exhibition to the mind. 

VIV'ID-NESS, \ n. 1. Life ; strength ; sprightlines?. 2 

VI-VID'I-TY, ) Strength of coloring ; brightness. 

Vl-VIFTG, I a. [L. vicificus.] Giving life ; reviving ; en 

Vl-VIF'I€-AL, 5 livening.— Bailey. 

VI-VIF1-C1TE, v. t. [L. vivifico.) 1. To give life to ; to an 
imate. More.— 2. In chemistry, to give to natural bodies 



DoVE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS.— 6 as K ; d as J • S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. * ObsoleU 



vol 



1116 



VOL 



new lustre, force, and vigor; [rare.] See Revive and 
.Reduce, the terms now used. 
/IV-I-FI-CI'TION, n. 1. The act of giving life ; revival.— 
2. Among chemists, the act of giving new lustre, force, and 
vigor.— Cue. See Revivification, which is more used. 

VIV'I-FI-€a-TiVE, a. Able to animate or give life. 

VIV'l-FlED, pp. Revived; endued with life. 

VIV'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. vivijier; L. vivijico.] To endue with 
life ; to animate ; to make to be living. 

VIV'I-FY-ING,^r. Enduing with life ; communicating life to. 

VT-V1PA-ROUS, a. [L. vivus and pario.] 1. Producing 
young in a living state, as all mammifers ; opposed to 
oviparous. — 2. In botany, producing its offspring alive, 
either by bulbs instead of seeds, or by the seeds them- 
selves germinating on the plant, instead of falling. 

/IV-I-SECTION, n. [L. vivus and seco.] The dissection of 
an animal while alive, for the purpose of making some 
physiological discovery. 

VIX'EN, n. [vixen is a she-fox, or a fox's cub.] A froward, 
turbulent, quarrelsome woman.— Skak. 

VIX'.EN-LY, a. Having the qualities of a vixen. — Barrow. 

VIZ. A contraction of videlicet ; to wit, that is, namely. 

VIZ'ARD, n. A mask. See Visoa. 

VIZ'ARD, v. t. To mask. 

*VIZTER (viz'yer), n. [Ax.] A counselor of state. The 
grand vizier is the chief minister of the Turkish Empire. 
[Sometimes spelled visier or vizer. — Brande.] 

VIZ'IER-ATE, n. The office of vizier. 

VIZ-Ie'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to or issued by the vizier. 

Vo'€A-BLE, n. [L. vocabulum; It. vocabolo.] A word; a 
term ; a name. — Asiat. Res. 

VO-€AB'U-LA-RY, n. [Fr. vocabulaire, from L. vocabulum.] 
A list or collection of the words of a language, arranged 
in alphabetical order and explained ; a dictionary or lexi- 
con. We often use vocabulary in a sense somewhat dif- 
ferent from that of dictionary, restricting the signification 
to the list of words ; as when we say, the vocabulary of 
Johnson is more full or extensive than that of Entick. 
We rarely use the word as synonymous with dictionary ; 
but in tbe other countries the corresponding word is so 
used, and this may be so used in English. 

YO-C AB'U-LIST, n. The writer or former of a vocabulary ; 
a lexicographer or linguist. — Gliddon. 

Vo'CAL, a. [Fr. ; L. vocalis.] 1. Having a voice. 2. Ut- 
tered or modulated by the voice. — Vocal music, music 
made by the voice, or composed to be sung, in distinction 
from instrumental music. 

Vo'CAL, n. Among the Roman Catholics, a man who has 
a right to vote in certain elections — Cyc. 

VO-€AL'IC, a. Consisting of the voice or vowel sounds. 

Vo'CAL-IST, n. A public smgor, distinguished for excel- 
lence of voice. 

VQ-C A L'1-TY, n. [L. vocahtas.] Quality of being utterable 
by the voice. — Holder. 

Vo'€AL-lZE, v. t. To form into voice; to make vocal. 

Vo'CAL-iZED, pp. Made vocal; formed into voice. 

Vo'€AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Forming into voice or sound. 

Vo'€AL-LY, adv. 1. With voice; with an audible sound. 
2. In words ; as, to express desires vocally. — Hale. 

VO-Ca'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. vocatio.] 1. Among divines, a 
calling by the will of God ; or the bestowment of God's 
distinguishing grace upon a person or nation, by which 
that person or nation is put in the way of salvation. 2. 
Summons ; call ; inducement. 3. Designation or desti- 
nation to a particular state or profession. 4. Employ- 
ment ; calling ; occupation ; trade ; a word that includes 
professions as well as mechanical occupations. 

VOCA-TlVE, a. [Fr. vocatif ; L. vocativus.] Relating to 
calling ; denoting that case of the noun in which a person 
is addressed. 

VO€'A-Tl VE, n. In grammar, the fifth case or state of 
nouns in the Latin language ; or the case, in any language, 
in which a wordis placed when the person is addressed. 

VO-CIF'ER-ITE, v. i. [L. vocifero.] To cry out with ve- 
hemence. — Syn. To exclaim ; bawl ; bellow ; roar ; hoot ; 
mouth ; clamor. 

VO-CIF'ER-ITE, v. t. To utter with a loud voice. 

VO-CIF'ER.-A-TING, ppr. Crying out with vehemence ; 
uttering with a loud voice. 

VO-CIF-ER-A'TION, n. A violent outcry ; vehement utter- 
ance of the voice. — Syn. Exclamation ; clamor ; bawling ; 
bellowing; mouthing. 

VO-CIF'ER-OUS, a. Making a loud outcry ; clamorous ; 
noisy. 

VO-CIF'ER-OUS-LY, adv. With great noise in calling, 
shouting, <fec. 

VO-CIF'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Clamorousness. 

VoGUE (vog), n, [Fr. vogue ; It., Sp. voga.] The way or 
fashion of people at any particular time ; temporary mode, 
custom, or practice ; popular reception for the time. 

VOICE, v. [Fr. voix; L. vox; It. voce; Sp. voz.] 1. Sound 
or audible noise uttered by the mouth. 2. Any sound 

_made by the breath. 3. A vote ; suffrage ; opinion or 



choice expressed. 4. Language ; words ; expression. — 5 
In Scripture, command ; precept. 6. Sound. 7. Lan 
guage ; tone ; mode of expression. — 8. In grammar, a par- 
ticular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs. 

VOICE, v. t. 1. To rumor; to report; [little used.) 2. To 
fit for producing the proper sounds; to regulate "tho tone 
of. 3. To vote. 

t VOICE, v. i. To clamor ; to exclaim. — Bacon. 

VOICED (voist), pp. 1. Fitted to produce the proper tones 
2. a. Furnished with a voice. — Denham. 

VOICE'LESS (vois'les), a. Having no voice or vote. — Coke. 

VOICING, ppr. Fitting the pipe of an organ for producing 
its proper quality of tone. 

VOICING, n. The act of giving to an organ-pipe its proper 
quality of tone. 

VOID, a. [Fr. vuide. ; It. voto ; L. viduus.] 1. Not occupied 
with any visible matter. 2. Without inhabitants or fum: 
ture. — Gen., i. 3. Having no legal or binding force ; null ; 
not effectual to bind parries, or to convey or support a 
right ; not sufficient to produce its effect. 4. Free ; clear ; 
as, void of offense. 5. Destitute ; as, void of reason. 6. 
Having no incumbent, as an office. 7. Unsubstantial , 
vain. — Void space, in physics, a vacuum. — To make void. 1. 
To violate ; to transgress. — Psa. cxix. 2. To render use 
less or of no effect. Rom., iv. — Syn. Empty ; vacant ; de- 
void; wanting; unfurnished; unsupplied; unoccupied. 

VOID, n. An empty space ; a vacuum. — Pope. 

VOID, v. t. 1. To quit; to leave. 2. To emit; to send out, 
to evacuate. 3. To vacate ; to annul ; to nullify ; to ren- 
der of no validity or effect. 4. To make or leave vacant. 

VOID, v. i. To be emitted or evacuated. — Wiseman. 

VOIDA-BLE, a. 1. That may be annulled or made void, or 
that may be adjudged void, invalid, or of no force. 2. 
That may be evacuated. 

VOIDANCE, n. 1. The act of emptying. 2. The act of 
ejecting from a benefice ; ejection. 3. Vacancy ; want of 
an incumbent. 4. Evasion ; subterfuge. 

VOID'ED, pp. 1. Thrust out; evacuated. — 2. a. In heraldry, 
an ordinary is said to be voided when the inner part is cut 
away, and only the outside strips left. — E. H. Barker. 

VOID'ER, n. 1. A basket in which broken meat is carried 
from the table. 2. One who evacuates. 3. One who nul- 
lifies. — 4. In heraldry, one of the ordinaries, whose figure 
is much like that of the flanch or flask. — 5. In agricul- 
ture, a provincial name of a kind of shallow basket of open 
work. [England.] 

VOIDING, ppr. 1. Ejecting; evacuating. 2. Making or 
declaring void, or of no force. 3. Quitting ; leaving. 4. 
a. Receiving what is ejected. 

VOID'NESS, n. 1. Emptiness; vacuity; destitution. 2 
Nullity ; inefficacy ; want of binding force. 3. Want oi 
substantiality. 

VOIRE DIRE' (vwor-deer'), n. [Law L. verum dicere.] In 
law, an oath to a person intended as a witness, under 
which he is interrogated as to preliminary or collateral 
points, before being alio wed to testify as to the points in- 
volved in the issue. — Bouvier. 

VOI'TURE, n. [Fr. ; It. vettura.] Carriage. 

VO-LI'CIOUS (-shus), a. [L. volo.] Apt or fit to fly. 

VOL-AL'KA-LI (-11 or -II), n. Volatile alkali ; [by contrac- 
tion.] — Kirwan. 

Vo'LANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Flying; passing through the air. 
2. Nimble ; active. — 3. In heraldry, represented as flying 
or having the wings spread. 

VOL'A-TILE, a. [Fr. ; L. volatilis.] 1. Flying; passing 
through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the 
atmosphere. 2. Having the power to fly. 3. Capable of 
wasting away, or of easily passing into the aeriform state ; 
fugacious. 4. Lively ; gay ; full of spirit ; airy : hence, 
nighty ; fickle ; apt to change. — Volatile alkali, an old name 
for ammonia. — Volatile salt, carbonate of ammonia ; often 
applied to a spirituous solution of carbonate of ammonia, 
flavored with aromatics. — Brande. 

VOL'A-TiLE, n. A winged animal. — Brown. [Little used.] 

VOL'A-TlLE-NESS, \n. [Fr. volatility.] 1. Disposition to 

VOL-A-TIL'I-TY, J exhale or evaporate ; the quality 
of being capable of evaporation. 2. Great sprightliness 
of mind ; whence, mutability of mind or feeling.— Syn. 
Lightness ; levity ; giddiness ; flightiness ; changeableness ; 
fickleness ; instability. 

VOL'A-TIL-TZ-A-BLE, a. That may be volatilized. 

VOL-A-TIL-I-ZI'TION, n. The act or process of rendering 
volatile ; or, rather, of causing to rise and float in the air. 

VOL'A-TIL-lZE, v. t. [Fr. volatiliser.] To render volatile ; 
"to cause to exhale or evaporate ; to cause to pass oft in 
vapor or invisible etnuvia, and to rise and float in the air. 

VOL'A-TIL-TZED, pp. Rendered volatile ; caused to rise 
and float in air. 

VOL'A-TIL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering volatile ; causing to 
rise and float in air. , 

VOL-CAN'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to volcanoes. 2. Produced 
by a volcano. 3. Changed or affected by the heat ot a 
volcano. 



See Synopsis. 1, 8, T, &c, long.— I, e, 1, &c. short. -FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



vol. 



1117 



VOK 



/OL.-CAN-ICI-TY (ise-te), n. State of being volcanic; 
volcanic power. — Humboldt. 

/OL'CA-NIST, n. 1. One versed in the history and phe- 
nomena of volcanoes. 2. One who believes-in the effects 
of eruptions of tire in the formation of mountains. 

VOL-€AN'I-TY, n. The state of being volcanic or of vol- 
canic origin. 

VOL-€AN-I-Za'TION, n. The process of undergoing vol- 
canic heat and being affected by it. 

VOL'€AN-IZE, v. t. To subject to. or cause to undergo, 
volcanic heat, and to be affected by its action. 

VOL'CAN-lZin), pp. Affected by volcanic heat. 

VOL-Ga'NO, n. [It. from Vulcan.] 1. In geology, an open- 
ing in the surface of the earth or in a mountain, from 
which smoke, flames, stones, lava, or other substances are 
ejected. It is vulgarly called a burning mountain. 2. 
The mountain that ejects fire, smoke, &c. 

VoLE, n. [Fr.] A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. 

VO-LEE' (vo-la 7 ), n. [Fr. a flying.] A rapid flight of notes 
in music. 

Vo;LER-Y, n. [Fr. volerie.] 1. A flight of birds. 2. [Fr. vo- 
Ifere.] A large bird-cage, in which the birds have room to 
fly. — Cyc. 

VOL-1-Ta'TION, n. [L. volito.] The act of flying ; flight. 

VO-LI"TION (vo-lish'un), n. [L. volitio.) 1. The act of will- 
ing; the act of determining choice, or forming a purpose. 
2. The power of willing or determining. 

VOL'I-TlVE, a. Having'the power to will.— Hale. 

VOL'LEY, n. ; pi. Volleys. [Fr. volet.] 1. A flight of shot ; 
the discharge of many small arms at once. 2. A burst or 
emission of many things at once. 

VOL'LEY, v. t. To discharge with a volley. 

VOL'LEY, v. i. To throw out or discharge at once. — 
Skak. 

VOL'LEy£D (vollid), a. [from volley.] Disploded; dis- 
charged with a sudden burst. — Milton. 

VoLT.^ra. [Fr. volte; It. volta; L. volutus.] 1. A round or 
circular tread ; a gait of two treads, made by a horse go- 
ing sideways round a center. — 2. In fencing, a sudden 
movement or leap to avoid a thrust. 

VOUTA, in Italian music, signifies that the part is to be re- 
peated one, two, or more times. 

VOL-Ta'I€, a. Pertaining tc Volta, the discoverer of volta- 
ism. — Voltaic apparatus, apparatus for accumulating volta- 
ic or galvanic electricity. — Voltaic pile, a pile or column 
composed of metallic plates, as of zinc and silver, each 
pair of plates being separated from the adjoining pairs by 
a piece of cloth moistened. — Voltaic battery, voltaic appa- 
ratus of considerable size. — Voltaic electricity, the kind of 
electricity which i& evolved by voltaic apparatus. 

VOL'TA-ISM, n. [from Volta, an Italian.] That branch of 
electrical science which has its source in the chemical ac- 
tion between metals and different liquids. It is more 
properly called galvanism, from Galvani, who first proved 
or brought into notice its remarkable influence on animals. 

VOI.-TAM'E-TER, n. [Volta, and uerpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the voltaic electricity passing through it. 

VOL'TY. [It.] In music, turn over. 

VOLTI-6EUR (-zhur). n. A light-horseman or dragoon. In 
the army of the United States, each dragoon or horseman 
has a foot-soldier attached to him, who, in case of neces- 
sity, mounts behind on the same horse ; thus presenting, 
whenever they meet the enemy, a line of infantry and of 
dragoons in the same regiment. — Crittenden. 

VOL'Tl SU'BT-TO. [It] Turn over quickly. 

VO-Lu'BIL-ATE, >a. In gardening, a volubilate stem is 

VOL'U-BiLE, 5 one mat climbs by winding or twining 
round another body. 

VOL-U-BIL'I-TY, n. "[Fr. volubilite; L. volubilitas.] 1. The 
capacity of being rolled ; aptness to roll. 2. The act of 
rolling. 3. Ready motion of the tongue in speaking ; flu- 
ency of speech. 4. Mutability ; liableness to revolution. 

FOL'U-BLE, a. [L. volubilis.] 1. Formed so as to roll with 
ease, or to be easily set in motion ; apt to roll. 2. Roll- 
ing j having quick motion. 3. Nimble ; active ; moving 
with ease and smoothness in uttering words. 4. Fluent ; 
flowing with ease and smoothness, "o. Having fluency of 
speech. 

VOL'U-BL Y, adv. In a rolling or fluent manner.— Hudibras. 

' VOL'UME (vol'yum), n. [Fr. ; L. volumen.] 1. Primarily, 
a roll, as the ancients wrote on long strips of bark, parch- 
ment, or other material, which they formed into rolls or 
folds. 2. A roll or turn ; as much as is included in a roll 
or coil. 3. Dimensions ; compass ; space occupied. 4. A 
swelling or spherical body. 5. A book ; a collection of 
sheets of paper, usually printed or written paper, folded 
and bound, or covered. — 6. In music, the compass of a 
voice from grave to acute, or the contrary ; the tone or 
power of voice. 

VOL'UM.ED (vol'yumd), a. Having the form of a volume 
or roll. 

VO-Lu'MIN-OUS, a. 1. Consisting of many coils or com- 
plications. 2. Consisting of many volumes or books. 3. 



Having written much, or made many volumes. 4. Copt 
ous^ diffusive ; [obs.] 
VO-Lu'MIN-OUS-LY, adv. In many volumes; very copi- 
ously. 
VO-L£'MIN-OUS-NESS, n. totate of being bulky or in many 

volumes. 
t VOL'U-MIST, n. One who writes a volume ; an author. — 
Milton. 

VOL'UN-TA-RI-L Y, adv. Spontaneously ; of one's own will ; 
without being influenced or impelled by others. 

VOL'UN-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being voluntary or 
optional. 

VOL'UN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. volontaire ; L. voluntarius. Volun- 
tary is applicable only to beings that have will ; spontane- 
ous is applicable to physical causes as well as to the will ol 
an agent.] 1. Acting by choice or spontaneously ; acting 
without being influenced or impelled by another. 2. Free, 
or having power to act by choice ; not beins; under re- 
straint. 3. Proceeding from choice or free-will. 4. Will- 
ing ; acting with willingness. 5. Done by design ; pur- 
posed ; intended. 6. Done freely, or of choice ; proceed- 
ing from free-will. 7. Acting of his own accord ; sponta- 
neous. 8. Subject to the will.— Voluntary conveyance, in 
law, is the transfer of property without any adequate con- 
sideration, and whenever made, a presumption of fraud 
properly arises.— Bouvier. 

VOLTIN-TA-B.Y, n. 1. One who engages in any affair of hid 
own free will ; a volunteer. — 2. In music, a piece played 
by a musician, often extemporarily, according to his fan 
cy. 3. A composition for the organ. 

VOL-UN-TEER', n. [Fr. volontaire.] A person who enters 
into military or other service of his own free-will. 

VOL-UN-TEER', a. Entering into service of free-will. 

VOL-UN-TEER', v. t. To offer or bestow voluntaril)', oi 
without solicitation or compulsion. 

VOL-UN-TEER', v. i. To enter into any service of one'a 
free-will, without solicitation or compulsion. 

VO-LUP'TU-A-RY (vo-lupfyu-a-re), n. [L. voluptuarius.] A 
man addicted to luxury, or the gratification of the appe- 
tite, and to other sensual pleasures. — Syn. Sensualist ; epi 
cure. 

VO-LUP'TU-OUS (vo-luptyu-us), a. [Fr. vnluptueux ; L. vo- 
luptuosus.] Given to the enjoyments of luxury and pleas- 
ure ; indulging to excess in sensual stratifications. 

VO-LUPTU-OUS-LY, adv. Luxuriously; with free indul 
gence of sensual pleasures. 

VO-LUP'TU-OUS-NESS, n. Luxuriousness ; nddictedness 
to pleasure or sensual gratification. — Donne. 

VOL-U-Ta'TION, n. [L. volutaiio.] A wallowing; a roll- 
ing of the body on the earth. See Wallow. 

VO-LuTE', n. [Fr. volute ; It. voluta ; L. volutus.] 1. In ar- 
chitecture, a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic ana 
Composite capitals, of which it is a principal ornament. — 
2. In natural history, a name given to the mollusks of the 
genus voluta. They have spiral, unilocular shells, with 
the pillar or columella plaited and are prized for their 
beauty and rarity. — P. Cyc. 

VO-LuT'ED, a. Having a volute or spiral scroll. 

VO-LuTION, n. A spiral turn or wreath. 

t VOL'U-TlTE, n. A petrified shell of the genus voluta 

VOM'I-€A, n. [L.] An abscess in the lungs. 

VOM'I€-NUT, n. [L. vomica, emetic, and nux, a nut.] The 
seed of the strychnos nux-vomica, a tree in India, com- 
monly called nux-vomica. They are not emetic, however, 
as then- name implies. 

VOM'IT, v. i. [L. vomo ; Fr. vomir ; It. vomire.] To ejec\ 
the contents of the stomach by the mouth. 

VOM'IT, v. t. 1. To throw up or eject from the stomach ; 
to discharge from the stomach through the mouth. 2. To 
eject with violence from any hollow place. 

VOM'IT, n. 1. The matter ejected from the stomach. 2. 
That which excites the stomach to discharge its contents ; 
an emetic. See, also, Black vomit. 

VOM'IT-ED, pp. Ejected from the stomach through the 
mouth, or from any deep place through an opening. 

VOM'IT-ING, ppr. Discharging from the stomach through 
the mouth, or ejecting from anv deep place. 

VOM'IT-ING, n. 1. The act of ejecting the contents of the 
stomach through the mouth. 2. The act of throwing out 
substances with violence from a deep hollow, as a volca- 
no, <fec. 

VO-Ml"TION (vo-mish'un), n. The act or power of vomit- 
ing. — Grew. 

VOM'I-TIVE, a. [Fr.vomitif.] Causing the ejection of mat- 
ter from the stomach ; emetic. — Brown. 

VO-Ml'TO, n. [Sp.] The yellow fever in its worst form, 
when it is usually attended with the black vomit. 

VOM'I-TO-RY, a. [L. vomitorius.] Procuring vomiting ; 
causing to eject from the stomach; emetic. 

VOM'1-TO-RY, n. 1. An emetic— Harvey. 2. A principal 
door or entrance of a large building, as of an amphithea- 
tre. — Gibbon. 

VO-Ra'CIOUS (-shusl, a. [Fr, It. vorace ; L. vorax.] 1 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as 7 ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete 



TOU 



1118 



VYl 



Greedy for eating ; ravenous ; very hungry. 2. Rapa- ] 
cious ; eager to devour. 3. Ready to swallow up. 

VO-Ra'CIOUS-LY, adv. With greedy appetite ; ravenously. | 

VO-Ra'CIOUS-NESS, n. Greediness of appetite ; raven- J 
ousness; eagerness to devour ; rapaeiousness. 

VO-RAC'I-TY, n. Greediness of appetite; voraciousness. 

VO-RAd'IN-OUS, a. [L. voraginosus.} Full of gulfs.— Scott. 

VORTEX, n.; pi. Vortices or Vortexes. [L.] 1. A 
whirlpool ; a whirling or circular motion of water, form- 
ing a kind of cavity in the center of the circle. 2. A 
whirling of the air; a whirlwind. Cyc. — 3. In the Cartesian 
system, a collection of particles of matter forming an ether 
or fluid, endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an 
axis. — Brande. 

VOR'TI-€AL, a. Whirling ; turning.— Newton. 

VOR'TI-CEL, n The name of certain wheel-animalcules, 
which, by the rapid rotary motion of the organs round the 
mouth, create a vortex in the water, and obtain their food. 
—Kirby. 

Vo'TA-RESS, n. A female devoted to any service, worship, 
or state of life. — Cleaveland. 

Vo'TA-PJST, n. One devoted or given up to any person or 
thing, to any service, worship, or pursuit. 

V5TA-RY, a. [from L. votus.] Devoted ; promised ; con- 
secrated by a vow or promise ; consequent on a vow. 

Vo'TA-RY, it. One devoted, consecrated, or engaged by a 
vow or promise ; hence, more generally, one devoted, giv- 
en, or addicted to some particular service, worship, study, 
or state of life. 

V5TE, n. [It., Sp. voto; L. votum.] 1. Suffrage; the ex- 
pression of a wish, desire, will, preference, or choice, either 
viva voce or by ballot, &c, in regard to any measure pro- 
posed, in which the person voting has an interest in com- 
mon with others. 2. That by which will or preference is 
expressed in elections, or in deciding propositions ; a bal- 
lot ; a ticket, &c. ; as, a written vote. 3. Expression of 
will by a majority ; legal decision by some expression of 
the mind3 of a number. 4. United voice in public prayer. 

VoTE, v. i. To express or signify the mind, will, or prefer- 
ence, either viva voce or by ballot, &c, in electing men to 
office, or in passing laws, regulations, and the like, or in 
deciding on any proposition in which one has an interest 
with others. 

VoTE, v. t. 1. To choose by suffrage ; to elect by some ex- 
pression of will. 2. To enact or establish by vote or some 
expression of will. 3. To grant by vote or expression of will. 

VOTED, pp. Expressed by vote or suffrage. 

VoTER, n. One who has a legal right to" vote or give his 
suffrage. 

VoT'ING, ppr. Expressing the mind, will, or preference in 
election, or in determining questions proposed. 

VOTING, n. The act of expressing the mind, will, or pref- 
erence by vote or suffrage. 

V5TIVE, a. [Fr. votif; L. votivus.] Given by vow ; devo- 
ted. — A votive medal is one struck in grateful commemo- 
ration of some auspicious event ; a votive offering is a tab- 
let, picture, &c, dedicated in consequence of the vow of 
a worshiper. 

Vo'TI V E J , Y. adv. By vow. 

VOUCH, v. t. [Norm, voucher ; L. voco.] 1. To call upon 
solemnly to witness. 2. To maintain by affirmations ; as, to 
vouch the truth of a declaration. 3. To establish proof; 
as, this vouches it to be worthy of the apostle. Locke. — 4. 
In law, to call into court to warrant and defend, or to make 
good a warranty of title. — Syn. To obtest ; declare ; af- 
firm ; attest ; warrant ; confirm ; asseverate ; aver ; pro- 
test; assure. 

VOUCH, v. i. To bear witness ; to give testimony or full 
attestation. 

VOUCH, 77. Warrant ; attestation.— Shak. 

VOUCH ED (voucht), pp. Called to witness; affirmed or 
fully attested ; called into court to make good a warranty. 

VOUCH-EE', n. In law, the person who is vouched or called 
into court to support or make good his warranty of title 
in the process of common recovery. 

VOUCHER, n. 1. One who gives witness or full attesta- 
tion to any thing. — 2. In law, the act of calling in a person 
to make good his warranty of title. 3. A book, paper, or 
document which serves to vouch the truth of accounts, or 
to confirm and establish facts of any kind. 

VOUCH'ER, } n. In law, the tenant in a writ of right ; one 
OUCH-OR', ) who calls in another to establish his war- 
ranty of title. 

VOUCH'ING, ppr. Calling to witness ; attesting by affirma- 
tion ; calling in to maintain warranty of title. 

VOUCHSAFE', v. t. [vouch and safe.] 1. To permit to be 
done without danger. 2. To condescend to grant. 

VOUCH-SaFE'. v. i. To condescend ; to deign; to yield. 

VOUCH-SAF.ED' (-safe), pp. Granted in condescension. 

VOUCH-SaFE'MENT, n. Grant in condescension. 

VOUCH-SaFTNG, ppr. Condescending to grant; deigning. 

V6USSOIR' (voos'warO, n. [Fr.] A wedge-like stone foi-m- 
ing part of an arch. — Gwilt. 



VOW, n. [Fr. voeu ; It voto; L. votum.} 1. A solemn prom- 
ise made to God, or by a pagan to his deity. 2. A solemn 
promise. 

VOW, v. t. [Fr. vouer; L. voveo.] 1. To give, consecrate, or 
dedicate to God by a solemn promise. 2. To devote. 

VOW, v. i. To make vows or solemn promises. 

VOW'-FEL-LoW.rt. One bound by the same vow. [Rare.] 

VOW.ED (vowd), pp. Solemnly promised to Gcdf given 
or consecrated by solemn promise. 

VOWEL, n. [L. vocalis ; Fr. voyelle; It. vocale.] 1. In 
grammar, a simple sound ; a sound uttered by simply 
opening the mouth or organs, as the sound of a, e, o. 2. 
The letter or character which represents p simple sjund. 

VOWEL, a. Pertaining to a vowel ; vocal. 

VOW'ELJED, a. Furnished with vowels. 

VOW'ER, n. One who makes a vow. 

VOWING, ppr. Making a vow. 

VOX, n. [L.] A voice. — Vox populi, the voice of the people. 
— Vox Dei, the voice of God. 

VOY'AOE, n. [Fr., from voie; Eng. way; Sax. w<zg, weg.\ 
1. A passing by sea or water from one place, port, or coun- 
try to another, especially a passing or journey by water to 
a distant place or country. 2. The practice of traveling. 
— Bacon ; [obs.] 

VOY'AGE, v. i. To sail or pass by water. — Pope. 

VOY'AdE, v. t. To travel ; to pass over.— Milton. 

VOY'A-dER, n. One who sails or passes by sea or water. 

VOY'A-6EUR (vwa'ya-zhur'), n. [Fr.] Literally, a traveler ; 
the Canadian name of a class of men employed by the Fur 
Companies, <fec, in transporting goods by the rivers and 
across the land, to and from the remote stations at tho 
Northwest. 

VOY'OL, n. Among seamen, a large rope sometimes used 
in weighing the anchor ; also written viol. — Totten. 

VUL'CAN. n. [L. Vulcanus.) In mythology, the god who pre- 
sided over the working of metals. The husband of Venus. 

VUL-€a'NI-AN, n. Pertaining to Vulcan, or to works in 
iron, &c. — As an epithet, in geology, the same as Plutoni- 
an, which see. — Smart. 

VUL'CAN-IST, n. See Volcanist. 

VUL-€a'NO, n. See Volcano. 

VUL'GAR, a. [Fr. vulgaire ; It. vulgare ; L. vulgaris.} 
Pertaining to the common, unlettered people. 2. Used or 
practiced by common people. 3. Vernacular; national. 
4. Common ; used by all classes of people. 5. Public. 6 
Mean ; rustic ; rude ; low ; unrefined. 7. Consisting ot 
common persons. — Vulgar fraction, in arithmetic, a frac- 
tion written with a numerator and denominator, as % . 

VUL'GAR, n. The common people. 

VUL'GAR-ISM, n. 1. Grossness of manners ; vulgarity , 
[rare.] 2. A vulgar phrase or expression. 

VUL-GAR'I-TY, \ n. 1. Mean condition in life ; the state 

VUL'GAR-NESS, $ of the lower classes of society. 2. 
Grossness or clownishness of manners or language. 

VUL'GAR-lZE, v. t. To make vulgar.— Foster. 

VUL'GAR-lZ£D, pp. Made vulgar. 

VUL'GAR-lZ- ING, ppr. Rendering vulgar. 

VUL'GAR-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; in the ordinary man- 
ner among the common people. 2. Meanly ; rudely , 
clownishly. 

VUL'GATE, n. A very ancient Latin version of the Scrip 
tures, and the only one which the Roman Catholic Church 
admits to be authentic. 

VUL'GATE, a. Pertaining to the old Latin version of tho 
Scriptures. 

VUL-NER-A-BILI-TY, n. The state of being vulnerable. 

VUL'NER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. vulnero.] 1. That may be 
wounded ; susceptible of wounds or external injuries. 2. 
Liable to injury ; subject to be affected injuriously. 

VUL'NER-A-RY, a. [Fr. vulneraire; L. vulnerarius.] Use- 
ful in healing wounds ; adapted to the cure of externa) 
injuries. 

VUL'NER-A-RY, n. Any plant, drug, or composition use 
ful in the cure of wounds. 

tVUL'NER-ATE, v. t. [L. vulnero.] To wound ; to hurt 

t VUL-NER-a'TION, n. The act of wounding.— Pearson. 

VUL'PiNE, a. [L. vulpinus.] Pertaining to the fox ; cun 
ning ; crafty ; artful. 

VUL'PIN-lTE, n. [from Vulpivo.] A variety of anhydrite, 
containing some silica, and presenting a grayish white 
color and high lustre. — Dana. 

VULTURE, n. [L. vultur.] An accipitrine bird of the go 
nus vultur. Vultures have a large and strong beak, the 
nostrils pierced transversely to its base, the head and neck 
without feathers or caruncles, and a collar of long feathers 
or down at the root of the neck. Proper vultures have 
hitherto been found only on the eastern continent. — Cuvier 

VULTUR-lNE, a. [L. vulturinus.] Belonging to the vul- 
ture ; having the qualities of the vulture ; resembling the 
vulture ; rapacious. 

VUL'TUR-ISH, a. Like a vulture. 

VUL'TUR-OUS, a. Like a vulture ; rapacious. 

Vy'ING, ppr. Competing; emulating. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, 1, &c, short.—- FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK 



WAG 



1119 



WA1 



w. 



Wis the twenty-third letter of the English alphabet. It 
takes its written form and its name from the union of 
two V's, this being the form of the Roman capital letter 
which we call U. Wis, properly, a vowel, a simple sound, 
formed by opening the mouth with a close, circular con- 
figuration of the lips. It is precisely the on of the French, 
and the u of the Spaniards, Italians, and Germans. With 
the other vowels it forms diphthongs, which are of easy 
pronunciation ; as in well, want, will, dwell, pronounced 
ooell, ooant, oill, dooell. In English it is always followed 
by another vowel, except when followed by h or r, as in 
when, wreck. — W, at the end of words, is often silent after 
a and o, as in law, saw, low, sow. In many words of this 
kind, w represents the Saxon g ; in other cases, it helps 
to form a diphthong, as in now, vow, new, strew. As an ab- 
breviation, W. stands for west ; W.N.W. for west-north- 
west ; W.S.W. for west-southwest, &c. 

WAB'BLE, v. i. [W. gwibiaw.] To move from one side to 
the other ; to vacillate, as a turning or whirling body. 

WAB'BLE, n. A hobbling, unequal motion. 

WAB'BLING, ppr. or a. Having an irregular motion, back- 
ward and forward. 

WA€K'E, ) n. A rock nearly allied to basalt, of which it 

WA€K'Y, J may be regarded as a soft and earthy variety. 
See, also, Graywacke. 

WAD, n. [G. watte ; Dan. vat.] 1. A little mass of some soft 
or flexible material, used for keeping down the charge in 
a gun. 2, A little mass, tuft, or bundle, as of hay or peas. 

WAD, \n. In mineralogy, an earthy oxyd of manganese. 

WADD, > The name, in some places, is given to plumbago 
or black-lead. 

VVAD'DED, a. Formed into a wad or mass. 

WADDING, n. [G. watte.] 1. A wad, or the materials for 
wads. 2. A kind of soft stuff of loose texture, used for 
stuffing garments ; also, sheet3 of carded cotton, prepared 
for the same purpose. 

WAD'DLE (wod'dl), v. i. [L.vado ; G. waten.] 1. To move 
one way and the other in walking ; to deviate to one side 
and the other ; to vacillate. 2. To walk with a waddling 
motion. 

WAD'DLER (wod'dler), n. One who waddles. 

WAD'DLING, ppr. or a. Moving from side to side in walk- 
ing. 

WAD'DLING-LY, adv. With a vacillating gait. 

WaDE, v. i. [Sw. vada ; D. waaden ; G. waten ; Dan. vader.] 

1. To walk through any substance that yields to the feet. 

2. To move or pass with difficulty or labor. 
WaDE, v. t. To pass by walking on the bottom. 
WaD'ER, n. One who wades. An order of birds that 

wade in water for their prey are called waders, or wading 

birds. 
W3BTNG, ppr. or a. Walking through a substance that 

yields to the feet, as through water or sand. — Wading bird ; 

see Wader. 
WAP'SETT, n. In Scottish law, a kind of pledge or mort- 
gage. Hence, a wadsetter is one who holds such a pledge. 

— Brande. 
WAD'SETT-ER, n. Oris who holds by wadsett. 
WAD'Y, n. [Ax.] The channel of a water-course, which is 

dry except in the rainy season. — Robinson. 
WA'FER, n. [D. wafel; G. wafel; Dan. vaffel; Fr. gauffre.] 

1. A thin cake, as of bread or paste, especially that given 
at the eucharist in the Roman Catholic Church. 2. A 
thin leaf of dry, colored paste, used in sealing letters. 

Wa'FER, v. t. To seal or close with a wafer. 

Wa'FER£D, pp. Sealed with a wafer. 

WAF'FLE (wof'rl), n. [G. vajed.] A cake baked on coals 
in an iron instrument. 

WAF'FLE-I-RON (-i'urn), n. A utensil for baking waffles. 

WAFT, v. t. 1. To bear through a fluid or buoyant medi- 
um ; to convey through water or air. 2. To convey, as 
ships. 3. To buoy ; to cause to float ; to keep from sink- 
ing. 4. To beckon ; to give notice by something in mo- 
tion ; [obs.] 

WAFT, v. i. To float ; to be moved or to pass in a buoyant 
medium. — Dry den. 

WaFT, n. A floating body; also, a signal displayed from a 
ship's stem, by hoisting an ensign furled in a roll to the 
head of the staff. 

t WAFT'A6E, n. Conveyance or transportation through a 
buoyant medium, as air or water. — Shah. 

WAFTED, pp. Borne or conveyed through air or water. 

W AFTER, n. 1. He or that which wafts; a passage-boat. 

2. The conductor of vessels at sea ; [an old word.] 
vVAFTING, ppr. Carrying through a buoyant medium. 
WAFTING, n. A bearing or floating in a fluid. 

1 WAFTURE, n. The act of waving.— Shak. 
WAG, v. t. [Sax. wagian and wocgan ; G. bewegen ; D. be- 
roecgen ; G. wagen ; Sw. vaga ; Dan. vajcr.] To move 



one way and the other with quick turns ; to move a Iittla 
way, and then turn the other way ; as, to wag the hoad, 8 
motion frequently of sport or derision. 
WAG, v.i. 1. To be quick in ludicrous motion ; to stir. 2. 
To go ; to depart ; to pack off. 3. To be moved one way 
and the other. 
WAG, n. [from the verb.] A droll ; a man full of low sport 

and humor ; a ludicrous fellow. — Drydcn. 
Wa6E. v. t. [G. wagen ; D. waagcn ; Sw. vaga ; Fr. gager, 
for guager.] 1. To lay ; to bet ; to throw down, as a 
pledge ; to stake ; to put at hazard on the event of a con- 
test. 2. To venture ; to hazard. 3. To make ; to begin , 
to carry on ; that is, to go forward or advance to attack, 
as in invasion or aggression ; used in the phrase, to wage 
war. 4. To set to hire ; [obs.] 5. To take to hire ; to 
hire for pay ; to employ for wages ; [obs.] — To waga one's 
law, to give security to make one's law. 
Wa6ED, pp. Laid ; deposited, as a pledge ; made or begun, 

as war. 
Wa'GER, n. 1. Something deposited, laid, or hazarded on 
the event of a contest or some unsettled question ; a bet. 
2. Subject on which bet3 are laid. — 3. In law, an offer to 
make oath of innocence or non-indebtedness ; or the act 
of making oath, together with the oaths of eleven com- 
purgators, to fortify the defendant's oath. — Wager of bat- 
tle is when the tenant in a writ of right offers to prove his 
right by the body of his champion, and, throwing down 
his glove as a gage or pledge, thus wages or stipulates bat- 
tle witb the champion of the demandant, who, by taking 
up the glove, accepts the challenge. It has long been dis- 
used, and was abolished by law in England in 1820. — Wade. 

Wa'uER, v. t. To lay ; to bet ; to hazard on the issue of a 
contest, or on some question that is to be decided, or on 
some casualty. 

WA'GER, v. i. To offer a wager. — Shak. 

Wa'6ER.ED, pp. Laid ; pledged, as a bet. 

Wa'GER-ER, n. One who wagers or lays a bet. 

Wa'(iER-ING, ppr. Laying; betting. — Wagering policy, a 
policy of insurance made when the insured has no insura- 
ble interest. 

Wa'6ES, n. [Fr. gage, gages.] 1. That which is paid or 
stipulated for services, but chiefly for services by' manual 
labor, or for military and naval services. We speak of 
servants' wages, a laborer's wages, or soldiers' wages ; but 
we never apply the word to the rewards given to men in 
office, which are called fees or salary. 2. Recompense ; 
that which is given or received in return. — Syn. Hire ; 
reward ; stipend ; salary ; allowance ; pay ; fruit. 

WAG'GEL, ) ft. A name given in Cornwall to the young of 

WAG'EL, J the great black-backed gull. — Jardinc. 

WAG'GER-Y, ft. [from wag.] Mischievous merriment; 
sportive trick or gayety ; sarcasm in good humor. 

WAG'GING, ppr. Moving the head one way and the other 
with quick turns. 

WAG'GISH, a. 1. Mischievoiis in sport ; roguish in merri- 
ment or good humor ; frolicsome. — L' Estrange. 2. Done, 
made, or laid in waggery or for sport. 

WAG'GISH-LY, adv. In a waggish manner ; in sport 

WAG'GISH-NESS, n. Mischievous sport; wanton merri- 
ment. 

WAG'GLE (wag'gl), v. i. [D. waggelen ; G. wackeln ; L. va- 
ciilo.] To waddle ; to reel or move from side to side 
L' Estrange. 

WAG'GLE, v. t. To move one way and the other. 

WAG'ON, n. [D., G. wagen ; Sw. vagn ; Sax. wcegn, wam.\ 
I. A vehicle moved on four wheels, and usually drawn by 
horses ; used for the transportation of commodities, and 
frequently of persons. 2. A chariot ; [obs.] 

WAG'ON, v. t. To transport in a wagon. 

WAG'ON, v. i. To practice the transportation of goods in a 
wagon. 

WAG'ON-AdE, n. Money paid for carriage in a wagon. 

WAG'ONi?D, pp. Transported in wagons. 

WAG'ON-ER, ft. 1. One who conducts a wagon. 2. A con 
stellation, Charles's Wain. 

WAG'ON-ING, ppr. Transporting in a wagon. 

WAG'ON-ING, ft. The business of transporting in a wag- 
on. 

WAG'TIIL, ft. A small bird of several species, belonging 
to the genus motacilla (Linn.), and named from the inces 
sant motion of its long tail. 

WA-HA'BEE, n. A follower of Abdel Wahab, a reformer 
of Mohammedanism, about 1760. His doctrines prevail 
particularly among the Bedouins, and the sect, though 
checked hi its influence, extends to most parts of Arabia 
— Brande. 

tWIID, a. Crushed.— Shak. 

WaIF, 7i. [Norm, wef weif; from waive.] Goods found, of 
which the owner ia not known. — In law. stolen goods 
waived or scattered by a thief in his flight in order to ef 
feet his escape. — Bouvier. 

WaIL, v. t. [Ice. viEla ; It. guaiolarc ; Gaelic guilam o» 
iLaill.] To lament ; to moan ; to bewail. — Pope. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;- -AN"GER VI"CIOUS.— € as K : 6 as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



WAK 



1 120 



WAL 



WaIL, v. i. To weep ; to express sorrow audibly. 

WI1L', n. Loud weeping; violent lamentation. 

WaIT/FUL, a. Sorrowful; mournful. — Skalc. 

WaIL'ING, ppr. Lamenting with audible cries. 

WILLING, n. Loud cries of sorrow ; deep lamentation. 

WaIL'ING-LY, adv. In a wailing manner. 

WaIL'MENT, n. Lamentation.— Hacket. 

WaI'N, 11. [Sax. wan ; W. gwain.] 1. A wagon ; a carriage 
for the transportation of goods" on wheels. 2. A constel- 
lation, Charles's Wain. 

WaIN'-BoTE. n. Timber for wagons or carts. [Eng. law.} 

WaIN'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed for wagons and carts. 
— Cyc. [Local.] 

WaIN'-RoPE, n. A rope for binding a load on a wagon ; 
a cart-rope. — Shah. 

WaIN'A<1E, n. A finding of carriages. — Ainswortk. 

" WaIN'SCOT, n. [D. wagenschot.] In building, a wooden 
lining or boarding of walls made in panels. 

' WaIN'SCOT, v. t. 1. To line with boards ; as, to wainscot 
a hall. 2. To line with different materials. — Addison. 

* WaIN'S€OT-ED, pp. Lined with boards or panels. 

* WaIN'SCOT-ING, ppr. Lining with boards. 

WaIR, n. A piece of plank two yards long and a foot 

broad. — Smart. 
WaIST, n. [W. gwdsg.] 1. That part of the human body 

which is immediately below the ribs or thorax, or the 

small part of the body between the thorax and hips. 2. 

That part of a ship which is between the quarter-deck and 

forecastle. 
WaIST'BAND, n. The band or upper part of breeches, 

trowsers, or pantaloons, which encompasses the waist. 
WIIST'CLOTHS, n. pi. Coverings of canvas or tarpauling 

for the hammocks, stowed on the gangways, between the 

quarter-deck and forecastle. 

* WaIST'CoAT, n. [waist and coat.] A short coat or gar- 
ment for men, extending no lower than the hips, and cov- 
ering the waist ; a vest. 

WaIST'ER, n. In ships, waisters are men who are stationed 
in the waist in working the ship. — Mar. Diet. 

WaIT, v. i. [Fr. guettcr ; It. guatare ; W. gweitiaic] 1. To 
stay or rest in expectation ; to stop or remain stationary, 
till the arrival of some person or event. 2. To stay pro- 
ceedings, or suspend any business, in expectation of some 
person, event, or the arrival of some hour. 3. To rest in 
expectation and patience. 4. To stay ; not to depart. 5. 
To stay ; to continue by reason of hinderance. 6. To lie 
in ambush, as an enemy. — To wait on or upon, to attend, 
as a servant ; to perform menial services for. — To wait on. 
1. To attend ; to go to see ; to visit on business or for cer- 
emony. 2. To pay servile or submissive attendance. 3. 
To follow, as a consequence ; to await; [disused.] 4. To 
look watchfully ; [rare.] 5. To attend to ; to perform. 6. 
To be ready to serve ; to obey. — Ps. xxv. — To wait at, to 
attend in service ; to perform service at. — 1 Cor., ix. — To 
wait for, to watch, as an enemy. — Job, xv. 

WaIT, v.t. 1. To stay for ; to rest or remain stationary in 
expectation of the arrival of. 2. To attend ; to accompa- 
ny with submission or respect. — Dryden. 3. To attend as 
a_consequence of something ; [obs.] 

WaIT, n. Ambush. — As a noun, this word is used only in 
certain phrases. — To lie in wait, is to lie in ambush. — To 
lay wait, to set an ambush. — Jer., ix. 

VVaIT'ED, pp. Stayed for ; attended. 

WaIT'ER, n. 1. One who waits ; an attendant ; a servant 
in attendance. 2. A server or salver ; a vessel on which 
tea-furniture, &c, is carried. 

WaITTNG, ppr. or a. Staying in expectation. 

WaIT'ING, n. The act of staying in expectation ; attend- 
ance. 

WaIT'ING-MaID, ) n. An upper servant who attends 

WaIT'ING-WoM-AN, 5 a lady. 

WaIT'ING-LY, adv. By waiting. 

WaITS, n. pi. [Goth, wahts.] These were formerly min- 
strels or musical watchmen, who attended on great men 
and sounded the watch at night. They have now degen- 
erated into itinerant musicians, who give notice of the ap- 
proach of Christmas. — Fosbroke. 

WaIVE, n. A woman put out of the protection of the law. 
—Cyc. 

WaIVE, v. t. To put off.— 2. In law, to relinquish ; not to 
insist upon, as a right, claim, or privilege. See Wave. 

WaIV_ED (wavd), pp. Relinquished, as a claim. 

WaIV'ER, n. In law, the act of waiving or not insisting on 
some right, claim, or privilege. 

WaIVTNG, ppr. Relinquishing, as a claim. 

WaI'WODE. See Waywode. 

WaKE, v. i. [Goth, wahan ; Sax. wtscan ; G. wachen ; D. 
vsaaken, wekken.] 1. To be awake ; to continue awake ; 
to watch ; not to sleep. 2. To be excited or roused from 
sleep ; to awake ; to be awakened. 3. To cease to sleep ; 
to awake. 4. To be quick ; to be alive or active. 5. To 
be excited from a torpid state ; to be put in motion. 

WaKE, v. t. 1. To rouse from sleep. 2. To arouse ; to ex- 



cite ; to put in motion or action. 3. To bring to life again, 
as if from the sleep of death. 

WaKE, n. 1. The annual commemoration of the dedication 
of a church, formerly kept by watching all night. 2. Vig- 
ils ; state of forbearing sleep. 3. The sitting up of persons 
with a dead body, usually attended with drinking ; [Ire- 
land.] 4. Act of waking ; [old song.] — Wake of a ship, the 
track it leaves in the water, formed by the meeting of the 
water behind. 

WXKE'-ROB-IN, n. A European plant, arum maculatum. 

WaK£D (wakt), pp. Roused from sleep ; put in action. 

WaKE'FUL, a. 1. Not sleeping ; indisposed to sleep— Dry 
dm. 2. Watchful; vigilant; observant. 

WaKE'FUL-LY, adv. With watching or sleeplessness. 

WaKE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Indisposition to sleep. 2. For 
bearance of sleep ; want of sleep. — Bacon. 

WIK'IN (wak'n), v. i. [This seems to be the Saxon infini- 
tive retained.] To wake ; to cease to sleep ; to be awak- 
ened. 

WaK'M (wak'n), v. t. 1. To excite or rouse from sleep. 
2. To excite to action or motion. 3. To excite ; to pro 
duce ; to rouse into action. 

WXK'.ENi?D, pp. Roused from sleep ; excited into action. 

WaK'JSN-ER, n. One who rouses from sleep. — Feltham. 

WaK'.EN-ING, ppr. Rousing from sleep or stupidity. 

WaK'ER, n. One who watches ; one who rouses fron 
sleep. 

WaKTNG, ppr. 1. Being awake ; not sleeping. 2. Rousinj 
from sleep ; exciting into motion or action. — Waking 
hours, the hours when one is awake. 

WaK'ING, n. 1. The period of being awake. 2. Watch 
[obs.] 

WAL-DEN'SeS, n. pi. A sect of Christians professing sub 
stantially Protestant principles, who never submitted tr 
the Roman Catholic Church. They reside in the valleyf 
of Piedmont. 

WaLE, n. 1. In cloth, a ridge or streak rising above th 
rest. 2. A streak or stripe ; the mark of a rod or whij 
on animal flesh. — Wales of a ship, an assemblage of strong 
planks, extending along a ship's sides throughout the whoh 
length. 

WaLE, v. t. To mark with stripes. — Smart. 

WILED, pp. or a. Marked with stripes. 

WALK (wawk), v. i. [Sax. wealcan ; D. walken ; G. wdlken 
Sw. valkare; Dan. valker.] 1. To move slowly on thf 
feet; to step slowly along; to advance by steps moder 
ately repeated, as animals. 2. To move or go on the feel 
for exercise or amusement. 3. To appear, as a spectre 
4. To act on any occasion ; [obs.] 5. To be in motion, as 
a clamorous tongue ; [obs.] 6. To act or move on th< 
feet in sleep. 7. To range ; to be stirring ; [unusual.] 8 
To move off; to depart; [not elegant.] — 9. In Scripture 
to live and act or behave ; to pursue a particular coursf 
of life. 

WALK (wawk), v. t. 1. To pass through or upon. 2. T< 
cause to walk or step slowly ; to lead, drive, or ride witr 
a slow pace. 

WALK (wawk), n. 1. The act of walking; the act of mov 
ing on the feet with a slow pace. 2. The act of walkin? 
for air or exercise. 3. Manner of walking ; gait ; step ' 
carriage. 4. Length of way or circuit through which om 
walks, or a place for walking. 5. An avenue set with 
trees. 6. Way ; road ; range ; place of wandering. 7 
Region; space. 8. Course of life or pursuit. 9. Thf 
slowest pace of a horse, ox, or other quadruped. 10. P 
fish. — 11. In the West Indies, a plantation of canes, &c. — P 
sheep-walk, so called, is high and dry land where sheep 
pasture. 

WALK'-MILL (wawk'-mill), n. A fulling-mill.— Cyc. [Lo 
cal] 

WALK'A-BLE (wawk'a-bl), a. Fit to be walked on. [Littlt 
used.] 

WALK'ER (wawk'er), n. 1. One who walks. — 2. In oui 
mother tongue, a fuller.— 3. In law, a forest officer appoint 
ed to walk over a certain space for inspection ; a forester 
4. One who deports himself in a particular manner. 5. / 
fulling-mill ; [not in use, or local.] 

WALKING (wawk'ing), ppr. Moving on the legs with 
slow pace ; moving ; conducting one's self. 

WALKING (wawk'ing), n. The act of moving on the fee 
with a slow pace. 

WALK'ING-STaFF, \ n. A staff or stick carried in thf 

WALK'ING-STICK, > hand for support or amusement ir 
walking. 

WALL, n. [L. vallum ; Sax. weal ; D. wal ; G. wall ; Rusa 
vol ; W. gwal.] 1. A work or structure of stone, brick, oi 
other materials, raised to some height, and intended for 
defense or security. — 2. Walls, in the plural, is used foi 
fortifications in general ; works for defense. 3. A defense 
means of security or protection. 1 Sam., xxv. — To tak 
the wall, to take the upper or most honorable place. 

WALL, v. t. 1. To inclose with a wall. 2. To defend bj 
walls. 3. To fill up with a wall. 



See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c, long.— a, e, £ &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— M5 VE. BOOK. 



WAM 



1121 



WAN 



WALL'-€REEP-ER, n. A small bird of the genus certkia 
(Linn.), which frequents rocks and walls, and feeds on in- 
sects. 

WALL'-GRESS, n. [wall and cress.] 1. The name of plants 
of the genus arabis. They grow on walls and in dry, stony 
places. — P. Cyc. 2. A plant of the genus turritis. — Lee. 

WALL'-EYE, n. In horses, an eye in which the iris is of a 
very light gray or whitish color — Booth. [Johnson has 
detinedwall-cije to be " a disease in the crystalline humor 
of the eye ; glaucoma." But glaucoma is not a disease of 
the crystalline humor, nor is wall-eye a disease at all, but 
merely a natural blemish. Tully. — In the North of En- 
gland, as Brockett states, persons are said to be wall-eyed 
when the white of the eye is very large and distorted, or 
<>n one side. Richardson derives wall in this case, and also 
whall, wholly, whally-eyed, from the Anglo-Saxon hwclan, to 
wither, to pine away, in allusion to the faded color or un- 
natural appearance of such eyes. — Ed.] 

WALL'-EYED (-ide), a. 1. In horses, having an eye of a very 
light gray or whitish color. — Booth. 2. Shakspeare. in 
using wall-eyed as a term of reproach, as "wall-eyed rage," 
a " wall-eyed wretch," alludes probably to the idea of un- 
natural or distorted vision ; see Wall-eye. It is an eye 
which is utterly and incurably perverted, an eye that 
knows no pity. 

WALL'-FLOW-ER, n. [wall and flower.} A plant of the 
genus cheiranthus, which grows on old walls, &c. ; a stock 
gillyflower. 

WALL'-FRuIT (-frute), n. [wall and fruit.] Fruit which, 
to be ripened., must be planted against a wall. 

WALL'-KNOT (-not), n. Among seamen, a knot formed at 
the end of a rope by untwisting the strands and interweav- 
ing them in a particular manner. — Totten. 

WALL -LOUSE, n. An insect or small bug. 

WALL -MOSS, n. A species of moss growing on walls. 

WALL'-PEL'LI-TO-RY, n. A plant, parietaria officinalis, 
growing on old walls, &c, in Europe ; formerly esteemed 
medicinal. — P. Cyc. 

WALL'-PEN'NY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus cotyledon. 

WALL'-PEP-PER, ?i. A plant of the genus sedum. 

WALL'-PlE, n. A plant ; a species of asple?iium. 

WALL'-PLaTE, n. A piece of timber placed horizontally 
upon a wall, on which joists, <fcc, rest. 

WALL'-RuE, n. An herb, asplenium ruta-muraria. — Loudon. 

WALL'-SlD-ED, a. Having sides nearly perpendicular. 

WALL'-SPRING, n. A spring of water issuing from strati- 
fied rocks. 

WALL'-WORT, n. A plant ; the dwarf-elder, or dane-wort. 

WALLED, pp. or a. Inclosed or fortified with a wall. 

WALL'ER,_?i. One who builds walls in the country. 

WAL'LER-lTE, n. A mineral, or variety of clay. [Not 
used.] 

WAL'LET (wollet), n. 1. A bag for carrying the necessa- 
ries for a journey or march ; a knapsack. Also, a pocket- 
book. 2. Any thing protuberant and swagging. 

WALL'ING, n. Walls in general; materials for walls. 

WALL'ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with a wall. 

WAL'LOP (wollop), v. i. [Ger. wallen ; Sax. wealan.] 1. To 
boil with a continued -bubbling or heaving and rolling of 
the liquor, with noise. — Brocket. 2. To move in a rolling, 
cumbersome manner. — Forby. 

WAL'LOP-ING, ppr. or a. Boiling with a heaving and 
noise ; moving in a cumbersome manner. 

WAL'LoW (wollo), v. i. [Sax. wealwian ; Svr.valfva; Goth. 
walugan ; Ger. walzen.] 1. To roll one's body on the 
earth, in mire, or on other substance ; to tumble and roll 
in water. 2. To move heavily and clumsily. 3. To hve 
in filth or gross vice. 

WAL'LoW, v. t. To roll one's body.— J&r., vL 

WAL'LoW, n. A kind of rolling walk. 

WAL'LoWED, pp. Rolled in the mire. 

WAL'LoW-ER, n. 1. One who rolls in mire. 2. A wheel 
that turns the trundle-head in a mill. 

WAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Rolling the body on any thing. 

tWAL'LoW-ISH, a. Filthy.— OverMiry. 

WAL'NUT, n. [D. walnoot ; Sax. walh and hnuta.] A tree 
and its fruit, of the genus juglans. Three species are na- 
tives of the United States, viz., the black walnut, butter- 
nut, and ash-leaved walnut Several species of carya, or 
hickory, are also known in America by the name of wal- 
nut. 
WAL'RUS, n. [G. wall and ross.] The morse or sea-horse, 
an amphibious carnivorous mammal of the Arctic 6eas. 
It attains the length of twenty feet, and is sought for on 
account of its oil and tusks. The skin is used for coach- 
braces. 
WAL'TRON, n. Another name of the walrus.- -Woodward. 
WALTZ, n. [Ger. walzen.] A German national dance, and 

also the species of music by which it is accompanied. 
WALTZ, v. i. To dance a waltz. 
WALTZ'ER, n. A person who waltzes. 
WALTZING, n. The act of dancing a waltz. 
WAM'BLE (wonrhl), v. i. [D. wemelen ,• Dan, vamler.] To 



be disturbed with nausea; as, a wambling stomach - 

L' Estrange ; [vulgar. A 
WAM'BLE-CROPPE D, a. Sick at the stomach. [ Vulgar.} 
WAM-PEE', n. A tree, of the genus Cookia, and its fruit 

The fruit is about the size of a pigeon's egg, grows in 

bunches, and is much esteemed in China. — Louden. 
WAM'PUM. n. Small heads made of different colored shells, 

used by the North American Indians as money, and also 

wrought into belts, &c, as an ornament. — Trumbull. 
WAN, a. [Sax. wan, wann.] Pale ; pallid ; having a sickly 

hue ; languid of look. — Spenser. 
t WAN, for won ; pret. of win. 
WAND, n. [D. vaand.} 1. A small stick ; a rod. 2. A stalt 

of authority. 3. A rod used by conjurers or diviners. 
WAN'DER v. i. [Sax. wandrian ; D. wandelcn ; G. wandeln.] 

1. To ramble here and there without any certain course 
or object in view. 2. To leave home ; to depart ; to mi- 
grate. 3. To depart from the subject in discussion. — 4. In 
a moral sense, to depart from duty or rectitude. 5. To be 
delirious ; not to be under the guidance of reason. — Syn. 
To rove ; roam ; range ; stroll ; gad ; stray ; straggle ; err ; 
swerve; deviate; depart. 

WAN'DER, v. t. To travel over without a certain course. 

WANDERED, pp. Rambled; traveled over rovingly ; de- 
viated from duty. 

WAN'DER-ER, n. A rambler ; one who roves ; one who 
deviates from duty. 

WAN'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Roving; deviating from duty. 
— Syn. Devious ; erratic ; vagrant ; itinerant ; rambling ; 
excursive. 

WAN'DER-ING, n. 1. Peregrination; a traveling without 
a settled course. 2. Aberration ; mistaken way ; devia- 
tion from rectitude. 3. A roving of the mind or thoughts 
from the point or business in which one ought to be en- 
gaged. 4. The roving of the mind in a dream. 5. The 
roving of the mind in delirium. 6. Uncertainty ; want of 
being fixed. 

WANDER.-LNG-LY, adv. In a wandering or unsteady man- 
ner. 

WAN-DER-OO', n. A baboon of Ceylon and Malabar, with 
a' long beard or mane of a grayish or whitish color sur 
rounding the face. — P. Cyc. 

WAND'Y, a. Long and flexible, like a wand.— Brockett. 

WaNE, v. i. [Sax. wanian.] 1. To be diminished ; to de- 
crease ; particularly applied to the illuminated part of the 
moon. 2. To decline ; to fail ; to sink. 

t WaNE, v. t. To cause to decrease. — Ben Jonson. 

WaNE, n. 1. Decrease of the illuminated part of the moon, 
to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline ; failure ; diminu- 
tion ; decrease ; declension. 

WINED, pp. Caused to decrease; diminished. 

WANG, n. [Sax. wang, weng, wong.] 1. The jaw, jaw-bone, 
or cheek-bone ; [little used.] 2. [Sax. scco-thicang.] The 
latchet of a shoe ; [obs.] 

WANG'-TOOTH, u. A jaw-tooth.— Cyc. 

WAN-GEE', n. A kind of tough, flexible cane, imported 
from China, sometimes called the Japan cane. — M'Culloch. 

f WAN'HoPE, n. Want of hope. 

WAN'HORN, n. A plant of the genus kaempferia. — Lee. 

WaN'ING, ppr. Decreasing ; failing ; declining. 

WANK'LE (wonk'l), a. Weak ; unstable ; changeable ; not 
to be depended upon. — Grose. 

WAN'L Y, adv. In a pale manner ; palely. 

WANNED, a. Made wan or pale.— Shak. 

WAN'NESS, n. Paleness ; a sallow, dead, pale color. 

WAN'NISH, a. Somewhat wan ; of a pale hue. — Fairfax* 

WANT, n. [Sax. wan, wanian ; Goth, wan.] 1. The absence 
of that which is necessary or useful. 2. Need ; necessity ; 
the effect of deficiency. 3. Poverty ; penury ; indigence. 
4. The state of not having. 5. That which is not possessed, 
but is desired or necessary for use or pleasure. 6. A 
mole; [obs.] — Syn. Deficiency; defect; destitution; lack; 
failure ; dearth ; scarcity ; scarceness. 

WANT, v. t. 1. To be destitute ; to be deficient in ; not to 
have. 2. To be defective or deficient in. 3. To fall short; 
not to contain or have. 4. To be without 5. To need ;. 
to have occasion for, as useful, proper, or requisite. 6. To 
wish for; to desire. 

WANT, v. i. 1. To be deficient ; not to be sufficient. 2. To 
fail ; to be deficient ; to be lacking. 3. To be missed ; not 
to be present 4. To fall short ; to be lacking. 

WANT- WIT, n. [want and wit.] One destitute of wit a? 
sense ; a fool. — Shak. [Not in much use.] 

WANTAGE, n. Deficiency ; that which is wanting. 

WANTED, pp. Needed ; desired. 

WANTING, ppr. 1. Needing ; lacking ; desiring. 2. a. Ab- 
sent; deficient. 3. Slack; deficient. 

WANTLESS, a. Having no want; abundant; fruitful 

WAN'TON, a. [W. gwantan.} 1. Wandering or roving in 
g'ayety or sport; darting aside, or one way and the other. 

2. Moving or flying loosely ; playing in the wind. 3. Wan- 
dering from moral rectitude ; indulging in sensuality with- 
out restraint— 4. More appropriately, deviating from the 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as 
4B 



K; 6 as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



WAR 



1122 



WAR 



ruies of chastity ; lewd. 5. Disposed to unchastity ; indi- 
cating wantonness. — Isa., iii. 6. Loose; unrestrained; 
running to excess. 7. Luxuriant; overgrown. 8. Ex- 
travagant; superfluous. 9. Not regular; not turned or 
formed with regularity. — Syn. Sportive ; frolicsome ; airy ; 
skittish; frisky; coltish; lecherous; lascivious; libidinous. 

WANTON, n. 1. A lewd person ; a lascivious man or 
woman. — South. 2. A trifler; an insignificant flutterer. 
3. A word of slight endearment. — Ben Jonson ; [little used.] 

WANTON, v. i. 1. To rove and ramble without restraint, 
rule, or limit ; to revel ; to play loosely. 2. To ramble in 
lewdness ; to play lasciviously. 3. To move briskly and 
irregularly. 

f WANTON, v. t. To make wanton.— Fetiham. 

WANTON-IN G, ppr. Roving; flying loosely ; playing with- 
out restraint ; indulging in licentiousness. 

t WANTON-lZE, v. i. To behave wantonly. 

WANTON-LY, adv. Loosely ; without regularity or re- 
straint; sportively; gayly; playfully; lasciviously. 

WANTON-NESS, n. 1. Reckless sport. 2. Licentious- 
ness ; negligence of restraint. 3. Lasciviousness ; lewd- 
ness. Pet., ii. — Syn. Levity ; frolic ; frolicsomeness ; 
eportiveness ; gayety ; waggery ; toyishness ; extrava- 
gance ; lechery ; lecherousness. 

WANTY, n. [D. want.] A broad strap of leather, used for 
binding a load on the back of a beast. — Tusser. [Local.] 

WAP'A-€UT, n. The spotted owl of Hudson's Bay, a noc- 
turnal bird of prey, about two feet long. 

1W7LFED (wapt), a. Dejected; cast down; crushed by 
misery. 

WAP'EN-TIKE, In. [Sax. wcepen-tac] In some northern 

WAP'EN-TA-G, 5 counties of England, a division or dis- 
trict, answering to the hundred or cantred in other coun- 
ties. Yorkshire is divided into wapentakes instead of hun- 
dreds. — Blackstone. 

WAP'IN-ScHAW, n. An exhibition of arms, according to 
the rank of the individual, made at certain seasons in each 
district.— Jamicson. — W. Scott. [Scottish.] 

WAP'I-Tl, 7i. A name used in books for the North Ameri- 
can stag, in America incorrectly called elk. 

WAPP, 72. In a ship, the rope with which the shrouds are 
set taught in wall-knots. — Cyc. 

WAP'PE, n. A species of cur, so called from his voice. 

WAP'PjENJED, a. The wappened widow, in Timon of 
Athens, is one who, though her charms have been en- 
joyed by another, can wed again because she has gold. — 
Stevens. 

WAPTER, 7t. A fish ; a name given by 6ome to the smaller 
species of the river-gudgeon. — Cyc. 

WAP'PER, 7i. See Whapper. 

WAR, n. [Sax. war; Fr. guerre; It, Sp., Port, guerra.] 1. 
A contest between nations or states, carried on by force. 
When war is commenced by attacking a nation in peace, 
it is called an offensive war, and such attack i3 aggressive. 
When war is undertaken to repel invasion or the attacks 
of an enemy, it is called defensive. — 2. In poetic language, 
instruments of war. — 3. Poetically, forces ; army. 4. The 
profession of arms ; art of war. 5. Hostility ; state of op- 
position or contest ; act of opposition. 6. Enmity ; dis- 
position to contention. — Man-of-war, in naval affairs, a 
national armed ship of large size. 

WAR, v. i. 1. To make war ; to invade or attack a nation 
or state with force of arms ; to carry on hostilities ; or to 
be in a state of contest by violence. 2. To contend ; to 
strive violently; to be in a state of opposition. 

WAR v.t. 1. To make war upon ; [obs.] 2. To carry on 
a contest. 

WAR'-BeAT, \a. [war and beat.] Worn down in war. 

WAR'-BeAT'£N, 5 —J. Barlow. 

WAR'-BE-Re AY ED', a. Bereaved by war.— Howitt. 

WAR'-€OUN-CIL, n. A council of war. 

WAR'-FIeLD (-feeld), n. Field of war or battle. 

WAR-HOOP, n. [war and hoop.] The savage yell of war ; 
a yell uttered on entering into battle. 

WAR'-IN-SuR'ANCE, n. Insurance on vessels in time of 
war, which enhances premiums. — Jefferson. 

WAR'-OF-FlCE, 7i. An office in which the military affairs 
of a country are superintended and managed. 

WAR'-PLuME, n. A plume worn in war. . 

WAR'-PROOF, n. [war and proof] Valor tried by war. 

WAR'-TORCH, n. The torch that kindles war. 

WAR'-WIST-ED, a. Wasted by wax.— Coleridge. 

WAR'-WHOOP, n. The Indian yell in war. See War- 
hoop. 

WAR'-WoRN, a. Worn with rnilitary service. 

WAR'BLE (woi-Tri), v. t. [Ger. wirbeln ; Dan. hvirvler.] 1. 
To quaver a sound or the voice ; to modulate with turns 
or variations. 2. To cause to quaver. 3. To utter music- 
ally ; to be modulated. 

WAR'BLE, v. i. 1. To be quavered or modulated. 2. To 
be uttered melodiously. 3. To sing. 

WAR'BLE, 7i. A quavering modulation of the voice, as in 
birds ; a song. 



WAR'BLED, pp. Quavered; modulated; uttered tvusie 
ally. 

WAR/BLER n. 1. A singer; a songster; [used of birds] 
2. The common name of a group of birds, generally small, 
incessantly active, sprightly, and melodious songsters. 

WAR'BLES (wor / blz),7i.;;Z. In farriery, small, hard tumors 
on the backs of horses, from the heat of the saddle. Also, 
small tumors on the bodies of cattle, caused by the growth 
of a larva from the egg of a fly. 

WAR'BLING, ppr. 1. Quavering the voice ; modulating 
notes ; singing. 2. a. Filled with musical notes, as a grove 

WAR'BLING, n. The act of shaking or modulating notes 
singing. 

WAR'BLING-LY, adv. In a warbling manner. 

WARD, in composition, as in toward, homeward, is the Sax 
weard, from the root of L. verto, &c. It corresponds to 
the L. versus. 

WARD, v. t. [Sax. weardian ; Sw. varda , Dan. vcerger.] L 
To guard ; to keep in safety ; to watch ; [obs.] 2. To de- 
fend ; to protect ; [obs.] 3. To fend off; to repel ; to turn 
aside any thing mischievous that approaches. 

WARD, v. i. 1. To be vigilant ; to keep guard ; [obs.] 2. 
To act on the defensive with a weapon. 

WARD, n. 1. Watch ; act of guarding. 2. Garrison ; troops 
to defend a fort ; [obs.] 3. Guard made by a weapon in 
fencing. 4. A fortress; a strong hold. 5. One whose 
business is to guard, watch, and defend ; as, a fire-ward 
6. A certain district, division, or quarter of a town or city, 
committed to an alderman. 7. Confinement under guard. 
8. A minor or person under the care of a guardian. 9 
The state of a child under a guardian. 10. Guardianship , 
right over orphans. 11. The division of a forest. 12. The 
division of a hospital. 13. The part of a lock which cor 
responds to its proper portion of the key. — Syn. Custo- 
dy; imprisonment; guardianship. 

WARD'-MoTE, n. [ward, and Sax. mote.] In London, a 
meeting of the ward ; also, a court of the ward, whose 
province is to present defaults in matters relating to the 
watch, police, &c. — P. Cyc. — Brande. 

WARD'-ROOM, n. [ward and room.] In a ship, a room 
over the gun-room, where the lieutenants and other prin 
cipal officers sleep and mess. 

WARD'-STaFF, 7i. A constable's or watchman's staff. 

WARD'ED, .pp. Guarded.— Warded off, fended off; repel- 
led ; turned aside from injuring. 

WARDEN, 7i. A keeper ; a guardian. 2. An officer who 
keeps or guards ; a keeper. 3. A large pear. — Warden of 
the Cinque Ports, in England, an officer who has the juris- 
diction of the Cinque Ports, with a salary of £3000 a year- 
— Warden of a college is the master or president 

WARD'£N-SHIP, ? n. The office or jurisdiction of a ward- 

WARD'jEN-RY, 5 en. 

WARD'ER, n. 1. A keeper ; a guard. 2. A truncheon by 
which an officer of arms forbade fight. Shak. — Warden 
of the Tower, in England, are officers who attend state 
prisoners. 

WARDING, ppr. Guarding; defending. 

WARD'RoBE, 7i. [ward and robe ; Fr. garde-robe.] 1. A 
room or apartment where clothes or wearing apparel ia 
kept. 2. A portable closet for hanging up clothes. 3. 
Wearing apparel in general. 

WARD'SHIP, 71. 1. Guardianship ; care and protection of 
a ward. 2. Right of guardianship. 3. Pupilage ; state of 
being under a guardian. 

t WaRE, pret. of wear. It is now written wore. 

t WaRE, a. [Sax. war ; Dan. veer. We never now usp 
ware by itself; but we use it in aware, beware, and in wary.] 

1. Being in expectation of; provided against— 2 Tim., iv 

2. Wary ; cautious.— Milton. 

t WaRE, v. i. To take heed oi.—Dryden. 

WaRE, v. t. In seamanship. See Weak. 

WaRE, n. ; pi. Wares. [Sax. ware ; D. waar ; G. waare ; Sw. 
vara ; Dan. vare.] Goods ; commodities ; merchandise : 
commonly in the plural, except in the compounds, earth 
en-ware, &c. — Sea-ware, a marine plant, a species offucus 
—Lee. 

t WaRE'FUL, a. Wary ; watchful ; cautious. 

t WaRE'FUL-NESS, n. Weariness ; cautiousness. 

WIRE'HOUSE, n. A store-house for goods.— Addison. 

WIRE'HOUSE (-houz), v. t. I. To deposit or secure in a 
warehouse. 2. To place in the warehouse of the govern- 
ment or custom-house stores, to be kept until duties are 
paid. 

WaRE'HOUSID (-houzd), pp. Placed in a store for safe- 
keeping. 

WaRE'HOUS-ING, ppr. Repositing in a store for safe- 
keeping. 

WIRE'HOUS-ING, n. The act of placing goods in a ware- 
house, or in a custom-house store. — Warehousing system, 
an arrangement for lodging imported articles in the ens 
tom-house stores, without payment of duties, until thej 
are taken out for home consumption. If reexported 
they are not charged with a duty. — P. Cyc. 



• * See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— I, E, i, &c„ short— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5 VE, BOOK. 



WAR 



1123 



WAR 



IWaRE'LESS, a. 1. Unwary ; incautious. 2. Suffered un- 
awares. 
tWIRE'LY, adv. Cautiously. See Warily. 
WAR'FIRE, n. [war and fare, Sax. faran.] 1. Military 
service ; military life ; war. 2. Contest ; struggle with 
spiritual enemies. 
WAR'FaRE, v. i. To lead a military life ; to carry on con- 
tinual wars. — Camden. [Little used.'] 
. WARHA-BLE, a. [war, and L. habilis.] Fit for war.— 

Spenser. 
vVa'RI-LY, adv. [from wary.] Cautiously ; with timorous 

prudence or wise foresight — Hooker. 
WAR'iNE, n. A South American monkey of the sapajou 

group. 
Wa'RI-NESS, n. Prudent care to foresee and guard against 
evil. — Syn. Caution ; watchfulness ; circumspection ; fore- 
sight ; care ; vigilance ; scrupulousness. 

WaRING, ppr. Turning a ship by her stern to the wind. 

VVARK, n. Work; a building. — Spenser. [It is obsolete, ex- 
cept in bulwark.] 
TVAR'LlKE, a. 1. Fit for war; disposed for war. 2. Mil- 
itary ; pertaining to war. 3. Having a martial appear- 
ance. 4. Having the appearance of war. — Syn. Martial ; 
hostile; soldierly; soldier-like. 

WAR'LlKE-NESS, n. A warlike disposition or character. 
— Sandys. [Little used.] 

I WAR'LING, 7i. One often quarreled with ; a word coined, 
perhaps, to rhyme with darling. — Camden. 

f WARLOCK, \ n. [wcer-loga ; Icel. vard-lookr.] A male 

t WARXUCK, 5 witch ; a wizard.— Dryden. 

WARM, a. [Goth., D., G. warm ; Sax. wearm ; Sw., Dan. 
varm.) _ 1. Having heat in a moderate degree ; not cold. 
2. Subject to heat ; having prevalence of heat, or little or 
no winter. — 3. Figuratively, having a lively interest ; ar- 
dent ; as, warm in his attachments. 4. Habitually ardent 
or passionate. 5. Easily excited or provoked ; irritable. 
6. Characterized by great ardor and activity ; as, a warm 
engagement 7. Busy in action; heated in action; ardent. 
8. Fanciful ; enthusiastic. 9. Vigorous ; sprightly. — 10. 
Warm colors, in painting, are those which have yellow or 
yellow-red for their basis, and are opposed to cold colors, 
which are blue and its compounds. Jocelyn. — Syn. Ar- 
dent ; zealous ; fervent ; glowing ; cordial ; keen ; violent ; 
furious. 

WARM, v. t. [Sax. wearmian ; Goth, warmyan.] 1. To com- 
municate a moderate degree of heat to. 2. To make en- 
gaged or earnest ; to interest ; to engage. 

WARM, v. i. 1. To become moderately heated. 2. To be- 
come ardent or animated. 

WARM'-HEaRT-ED, a. Noting lively interest or affection ; 
cordial ; sincere ; hearty. 

WARMED, pp. Moderately heated ; made ardent ; excited. 

WARMTNG, ppr. Making moderately hot ; making ardent 
or zealous. 

WARMING-PAN, n. A covered pan with a long handle 
for warming a bed with ignited coals. 

WARM'ING-SToNE, n. [warm and stone.] A stone dug in 
Cornwall, which retains heat a great while. 

WARM'LY, adv. 1. With gentle heat— Milton. 2. Eager- 
ly; earnestly; ardently. 

fVARM'NESS, in. 1. Gentle heat 2. A state of lively and 

WARMTH, > excited interest ; as, the warmth of her af- 
fection. 3. Some degree of anger or resentment ; as, to 
inveigh with warmth. 4. Fancifulness ; enthusiasm. — 5. 
In painting, that glowing effect which arises from the use 
of warm colors [see Warm] ; and also from the use of 
transparent colors in the process of glazing ; opposed to 
leaden coldness. — Jocelyn. Syn, Zeal ; ardor ; fervor ; fer- 
vency ; heat ; glow ; earnestness ; cordiality ; animation ; 
eagerness; excitement; vehemence. 

WARN, v. t. [Sax. warnian ; Sw. varna ; G. warnen.] 1. To 
give notice of approaching or probable danger or evil, 
that it may be avoided ; to caution against any thing that 
may prove injurious. 2. To caution against evil practices. 
-1 Thess., v. 3. To admonish of any duty. 4. To inform 
previously ; to give notice to. 5. To notify by authority ; 
to summon. 6. To ward off; [obs.] 

WARNED, pp. Cautioned against danger ; admonished of 
approaching evil ; notified. 

WARNER n. An admonisher. 

WARNING, ppr. Cautioning against danger ; admonishing ; 
giving notice to ; summoning to meet or appear. 

WARNING, n 1. Caution against danger, or against faults 
or evil practices which incur danger ; admonition. 2. 
Previous notice. 

WARP, n. [Sax. wearp ; D. werp.] 1. In manufactures, the 
threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and 
crossed by the woof. — 2. In a ship, a rope employed in 
drawing, towing, or removing a ship or boat ; a towing- 
line. — 3. In agriculture, a slimy substance deposited on 
land by marine tides, by which a rich alluvial soil is form- 
ed. — Lyell ; [local.]— 4. In cows, a premature casting of the 
young; [local.] 



WARP, v. i. [Sax. wcorpan, wurpan, wyrpan ; G. werfen ; U 
werpen.] 1. To turn, twist, or be twisted out of a straight 
direction. 2. To turn or incline from a straight true,~or 
proper course ; to deviate. 3. To tiy with a bending or 
waving motion ; to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or 
insects. 4. To sink; to cast the young prematurely, as 
cows; [local] 
WARP, v. t. 1. To turn or twist out of shape, or out of a 
straight direction, by contraction. 2. To turn aside from 
the true direction ; to cause to bend or incline ; to pervert 
— 3. In seamen's language, to tow or move with a line or 
warp, attached to buoys, to anchors, or to other ships, <fec, 
by which means a ship is drawn, usually in a bending 
course or with various turns. — 4. In rural economy, to cast 
the young prematurely ; [local.] — 5. In agriculture, to let 
in the tide for the purpose of fertilizing the ground by a 
deposit of warp or slimy substance.— Eng. ; [local.]— 6 
In rope-making, to run the yarn off the winches into hauls 
to be tarred. — To warp water, in Shakspeare, for freeze it, 
is forced and unusual. 
WARP .ED (warpt), pp. Twisted by shrinking or seasoning ; 
perverted ; moved with a warp ; enriched with warp, as 
land. 
WARPING, ppr. Turning or twisting ; causing to incline , 
perverting ; moving with a warp ; enriching with warp, 
as land. 
WARP'ING-HOOK, n. A hook used by rope-makers for 
hanging the yarn on, when warping into hauls for tarring 
WARP'ING-PoST, n. A strong post used in warping rope 

yarn. 
WAR'RANT (wor'rant), v. t. [Gaelic barantas, baranta ; W. 
gwarantu, gwarant ; Norm, garranty ; Fr. garantir.] L 
To authorize ; to give authority or power to do or forbear 
any thing, by which the person authorized is secured or 
saved harmless from any loss or damage by the act 2. 
To maintain ; to support by authority or proof. 3. To 
justify. 4. To secure ; to exempt ; to privilege. 5. To 
declare with assurance. — 6. In law, to secure to a grantee 
an estate granted ; to assure. 7. To secure to a purchaser 
of goods the title to the same ; or to indemnify him against 
loss. 8. To secure to a purchaser the good quality of the 
goods sold ; see Warranty. 9. To assure that a thins: is 
what it appears to be, which implies a covenant to make 
good any defect or loss incurred by it. 
WAR'RANT, n. 1. An act, instrument, or obligation, by 
which one person authorizes another to do something 
which he has not otherwise a right to do ; an act or in- 
strument investing one with a right or authority. 2. A 
precept authorizing an officer to seize an ollender and 
bring him to justice. 3. Authority ; power that author- 
izes or justifies any act. 4. A commission that gives au- 
thority, or that justifies. 5. A voucher; that which at- 
tests or proves. 6. Right ; legality ; [obs.] 7. A writing 
which authorizes a person to receive money or other 
thing. — Warrant of attorney, a written authority given by 
a client to his attorney to appear for him in court and to 
suffer judgment to pass against him by confession. Bon- 
vier. — Land warrant, a warrant issued at the local land- 
offices of the United States to purchasers of public lands, 
on the surrender of which at the general land-office at 
Washington, they receive a conveyance from the govern- 
ment. 
WAR'RANT-OF'FI-CER, n. In the navy, an officer next 
below a commissioned officer, acting under a warrant 
from the navy department, as a midshipman, master, 
boatswain, &c. — Totten. 
WAIt'RANT-A-BLE, a. Authorized by commission, pre- 
cept, or right ; justifiable ; defensible. 
WAR'RANT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being justifia- 
ble. — Sidney. 
WAR'RANT-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be justi- 
fied ; justifiably. — Wake. 
WAR'RANT-ED, pp. Authorized; justified; secured; as- 
sured by covenant or by implied obli°-ation. 
WAR-RAN-TEE', n. The person to whom land or other 

thing is warranted. — Ch. Justice Parsons. 
WAR'RANT-ER n. 1. One who gives authority, or legally 
empowers. 2. One who assures, or covenants to assure ; 
one who contracts to secure another in a right °r to make 
good any defect of title or quality. 
WAR/RANT-ING, ppr. 1. Authorizing; empowering. 2. 
Assuring ; securing to another a right or covenanting to 
make good a defect of title in lands, or of quality in goods. 
tWAR'RAN-TlSE, n. Authority; security.— Shak. 
WAR-RANT-OR', n. One who warrants. 
WARTIAN-TY, n. 1. In law, a promise or covenant by 
deed, made by the bargainer for himself and his heirs, to 
warrant or secure the bargainee and his heirs against ai. 
men in the enjoyment of an estate or other thing granted. 
A warranty may also relate to personal chattels, as to the 
title to them, their quality, &.c. In the contract of insur- 
ance there are also certain warranties, which induce the 
insurer to enter into it, as that the vessel is seaworthy, &e 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS ;— € asK;<JasJ;SasZ;eHasSH;TFasinzAw. t Obsolete. 



vvAS 



1124 



WAS 



- Bouvicr. 2. Authority ; justificatory mandate or pre- 
cept ; warrant ; [disused.] 3. Security. 

WAR'RAN-TY, v. t. To warrant ; to guaranty. 

[WAR.RaY,«J. [Fr. guerroyer.] To make war upon. 

f WARRE, a. [Sax. warra, for wcersa.] Worse. — Spenser. 

WARRE*N, n. [Fr. garenne ; D. waarande.] 1. A piece of 
ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of 
rabbits.— 2. In law, a franchise or place privileged by pre- 
scription or grant from the king, for keeping certain beasts 
and fowls, as hares, rabbits, partridges, and pheasants. 3. 
A place for keeping fish in a river. — Cyc. 

WAR'REN-ER, n. The keeper of a warren. — Johnson. 

WAR'RI-AN"GLE (-ang'gl), n. A hawk.— Ainsworth. 

* WARRIOR (war'yur), n. [from war; Fr. guerrier ; It. 
guerriere.] 1. In a general sense, a soldier; a man en- 
gaged in military life. — 2. Emphatically, a brave man ; a 
good soldier. 

WAR'RIOR-ESS, n. A female warrior.— Spenser. 

WART, n. [Sax. weart ; D. wrat ; G. wane ; Sw. varta.] 1. 
A firm, arid, harsh, insensible extuberance of the common 
integuments, found chiefly on the hands. Good.— 2. In 
horses, warts are spongy excrescences on the hinder pas- 
terns, which suppurate. — Cyc. 3. A sessile gland or pro- 
tuberance on trees. — Lindley. 

WART'ED, a. In botany, having little knobs on the surface ; 
verrucose ; as, a warted capsule. — Martyn. 

WART'LESS, a. Having no wart. 

WARTW6RT, n. A plant having a warty surface, of the 
genus euphorbia and others. 

WARTT, a. 1. Having warts ; full of warts ; overgrown 
with warts. 2. Of the nature of warts. 

Wa*RY, a. [Sax. war ; Ice. var.] Avoiding danger ; care- 
fully watching and guarding against deception, artifices, 
and dangers ; timorously prudent. — Syn.- Cautious ; cir- 
cumspect ; watchful ; guarded ; vigilant ; scrupulous. 

WAS, the past tense of the substantive verb ; Sax., Goth, we- 
san ; L. esse, for vesse, to be, to exist ; whence Eng. is, in 
the present tense, and was in the past ; as, I was. 

WaBE, n. A wreath of straw or cloth upon the head to re- 
lieve the pressure of burdens. — Cooper. 

WASH (wosh), v. t. [Sax. wczscan ; G. waschen ; D. wass- 
chen.] 1. To cleanse by ablution, or by rubbing in water. 
2. To wet ; to fall on and moisten. 3. To overflow. 4. 
To overflow or dash against ; to cover with water. 5. To 
scrub in water. 6. To separate extraneous master from. 
— 7. In water-color painting, to spread or float colors thin- 
ly over broad masses or spaces of a picture. — Jocelyn. 8. 
To rub over with some liquid substance. 9. To squeeze 
and cleanse in water. 10. To cleanse by a current of 
water. 11. To overlay with a thin coat of metal. 12. To 
purify from the pollution of sin. 

WASH, v. i. 1. To perform the act of ablution. — 2 Kings, 
v. 2. To perform the business of cleansing clothes in 
water. — To wash off, in calico-printing, to soak and rinse 
printed calicoes, to dissolve and remove the gum and paste. 

WASH, re, 1. Alluvial matter; substances collected and 
deposited by water. 2. A bog; a marsh; a fen. 3. A 
cosmetic. 4. A lotion ; a medical liquid preparation for 
external application. 5. A superficial stain or color. 6. 
Waste liquor of a kitchen for hogs. 7. The act of wash- 
ing the clothes of a family ; or the whole quantity washed 
at once.— 8. With distillers, the fermented wort from which 
the spirit is extracted.— Ure. 9. The shallow part of a 
river, or arm of the sea. 10. The blade of an oar; the 
thin part, which enters the water, and by whose impulse 
the boat is moved. 11. A color spread or floated thinly 
over broad masses or spaces of a picture. 12. A substance 
laid on boards or other work, for beauty or preservation. 
13. A thin coat of metal. 14. In the West Indies, a mixture 
of dunder, molasses, water, and scummings, for distillation. 

WASH, a. Weak ; washy. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

WASH-BALL, n. [wash and ball.] A ball of soap, to be 
used in washing the hands or face. 

WASH'-BoARD, n. 1. A broad, thin plank, fixed occasion- 
ally on the top of a boat or other small vessel's side, to 
prevent the sea from breaking over ; also, a piece of plank 
on the sill of a lower deck port, for the same purpose. 2. 
A board in a room next to the floor. 

WASH'-LeATH-ER, n. The same as shammy ; a prepa- 
ration of leather which will bear to be washed. — Francis. 

WASH-POT, n. A vessel in which any thing is washed. 
— Cowley. 

WASH-STAND, n. A small table or frame on which a 
vessel is placed to be used in washing the hands or face. 

WASH-TUB, n. A tub in which clothes are washed. 

WASHED (wosht), pp. 1. Cleansed in water; purified. 
2. Overflowed; dashed against with water. 3. Covered 
over with a thin coat, as of metal. 

WASHER, n. 1. One who washes. 2. An iron ring be- 
tween the nave of a wheel and the linch-pin. 3. A piece 
of iron, leather, &c, at the base of a screw or nut, to pre- 
vent the surfaces from being injured, or to render the 
junction tight. — Brande. 



Wsr 
A 



WASH'ER-WoM-AN, n. A woman who washes clothes 
for others or for hire. 

WASHING, ppr. Cleansing with water ; purifying ; over 
flowing; overspreading. 

WASHING, n. 1. The act of cleansing with water ; ablu- 
tion. — Heb., ix. _ 2. A wash ; or the clothes washed. 

WASHING-MA-cHlNE', n. A machine used in washing 
clothes, &c. 

WASH'Y (wosh'e), a. 1. Watery ; damp ; soft. 2. Weak , 
not solid. 3. Weak ; not firm or hardy ; liable to sweat 
rofusely with labor. [New England.] 
ASP (wosp), n. [Sax. wasp or weeps ; B.wesp; G.wespe, 
L. vespa.] The popular name of certain hymenopteroiis 
insects, of the genus vespa. The abdomen of wasps is 
joined to the thorax by a thread-like pedicle, and the sting 
is concealed. 

WASP'-BlTE, n. The bite of a wasp. 

WASPISH (wosp'ish), a. 1. Quick to resent any trifling 
affront. — Pope. 2. Having a very slender waist, like a 
wasp. — Syn. Snappish; petulant; irritable; irascible, 
peevish; captious. 

WASP'ISH-LY, adv. Petulantly ; in a snappish manner. 

WASP'ISH-NESS, n. Petulance ; irascibility ; snappishness. 

WAS'SAIL (wos'sil), n. [Sax. w<zs-hal, health be to you.J 
1. A liquor made of apples, sugar, and ale, formerly much 
used by English good-fellows. 2. A drunken bout. 3. A 
merry song. 

WAS'SAIL, v. i. To hold a merry, drinking meeting. 

WAS'SAIL-BoWL, n. A bowl for holding wassail. 

WAS'SAIL-€UP (wos'sil-kup), n. A cup in which wassail 
was carried to the company. — Cyc. 

WAS'SAIL-ER, n. A toper ; a drunkard.— Milton. 

WAST (wost), past tense of the substantive verb, in the second 
person ; as, thou wast. 

WaSTE, v. t. [Sax. westan, awestan ; G. verwusten : D. ver 
woesten ; L. vasto.] 1. To diminish by gradual dissipation 
or loss. 2. To cause to be lost ; to destroy by scattering 
or by injury. 3. To expend without necessity or use ; to 
destroy wantonly or luxuriously ; to cause to be lost 
through wantonness or negligence. 4. To destroy in en- 
mity. 5. To suffer to be lost unnecessarily ; or to throw 
away. 6. To destroy by violence. 7. To impair strength 
gradually. 8. To lose in idleness or misery ; to wear out. 
9. To spend ; to consume. — 10. In law, to damage, impair, 
or injure, as an estate, voluntarily, or by sutt'ering the 
buildings, fences, &c, to go to decay. 11. To exhaust ; to 
be consumed by time or mortality. 12. To scatter and 
lose for want of use or of occupiers. — Syn. To squander ; 
djssipate; lavish; desolate. 

WaSTE, v. i. l. To dwindle ; to be diminished ; to lose 
bulk or substance gradually. 2. To be diminished or lost 
by slow dissipation, consumption, or evaporation. 3. T< 
be consumed by time or mortality. 

WaSTE, a. I. Destroyed; ruined. 2. Desolate; unculti- 
vated. 3. Destitute ; stripped ; as. lands laid waste. 4. 
Superfluous ; lost for want of occupiers. 5. Worthless ; 
that which is rejected, or used only for mean purposes. 
6. That of which no account is taken, or of which no 
value is found ; as, waste paper. 7. Uncultivated ; un- 
filled ; unproductive. — Laid waste, desolated ; ruined. 

WaSTE, n. 1. The act of squandering ; the dissipation of 
property through wantonness, ambition, extravagance, 
luxury, or negligence. 2. Useless expense; any loss or 
destruction which is neither necessary nor promotive of 
a good end. 3. A desolate or uncultivated country. 4. 
Landuntilled, though capable of tillage. 5. Ground, space, 
or place unoccupied. 6. Region ruined and deserted. 7. 
Mischief; destruction. — 8. In law, spoil, destruction, or 
injury done to houses, woods, fences, lands, &c, by a ten- 
ant for life or for years, to the prejudice of the heir, or of 
him in reversion or remainder. — Syn. Prodigality ; dimi- 
nution ; loss ; dissipation ; destruction ; devastation ; hav- 
oc; desolation; ravage. 

WaSTE'-BOOK, n. Among merchants, a book in whicl 
rough entries of transactions are made, previous to then 
being carried into the journal. 

WaSTE'-GaTE, n. A gate to let the water of a pond pasi 
o_ff when it is not wanted. — Cyc. 

WaSTE'-PiPE, n. A pipe for conveying off waste wa 
ter, &c. 

WaSTE'- WeIR, n. An overfall or weir for the superfluou 
water of a canal. — Cyc. 

WaST'ED, pp. 1. Expended without necessity or use ; losv 
through negligence ; squandered. 2. Dhninished ; dissi 
pated; evaporated; exhausted. 3. Desolated; ruined 
destroyed. 

WISTE'FUL, a. 1. Expending property, or that which ii 
valuable,"without necessity or use. 2. Destructive to prop 
erty. 3. Desolate; unoccupied; unfilled ; uncultivated 
[obs.]— Syn. Lavish ; profuse ; prodigal ; extravagant. 

WISTE'FUL-LY, adv. In a lavish manner ; with prodigal- 
ity ; in useless expenses or consumption. — Dryden. 

WISTETUL-NESS, n. Lavishness ; prodigality ; the ac. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— X, fi, I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; ~ MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



WAT 



1125 



WAT 



or practice of expending what is valuable without neces- 
sity or use. 
WAS'TEL (wos'-), n. A particular sort of bread; fine bread. 
WASTELESS, n. A desolate state ; solitude. 
WIST'ER, n. 1. One who wastes; one who squanders 
property ; one who consumes extravagantly or without 
use. 2. A kind of cudgel. 
WASTETHRIFT, n. [waste and thrift.} A spendthrift. 
WaSTING, ppr. 1. Lavishing prodigally ; expending or 
consuming without use ; diminishing by slow dissipation ; 
desolating; laying waste. 2. a. Diminishing by dissipa- 
tion or by great destruction. 
WIST'REL, n. A state of waste or common. [Local] 
WIST'REL, \n. Waste substances ; any thing cast away 
WiSTO-REL, 5 as bad— Cyc. [Local] 
WAT, n. A Siamese term for a sacred place, within which 

are pagodas, monasteries, idols, tanks, &c. — Malcom. 
WATCH (wotch), n. [Sax. wescca ; Sw. vacht, or vakt, vachta ; 
Dan. vagt.] 1. Forbearance of sleep. 2. Attendance with- 
out sleep. 3. Attention ; close observation. 4. Guard ; 
vigilance for keeping or protecting against danger. 5. A 
watchman or watchmen set for a guard. 6. Among sea- 
men, a certain number who attend together to the working 
of the ship. When there are but two divisions of the kind, 
they are said to take it watch and watch. 7. The place 
where a guard is kept. 8. Post or office of a watchman. 
9. A period of the night in which one.person or one set of 
persons stand as sentinels ; or the time from one relief of 
sentinels to another. 10. A small time-piece or chronom- 
eter, to be carried in the pocket or about the person, in 
which the machinery is moved by a spring. — 11. At sea, 
the space of time during which one set or division of the 
officers and crew remain on deck to perform the necessa- 
ry duties. This is different in different nations. — To be on 
the watch, to be looking steadily for some event. 
WATCH (wotch), v. i. [Sax. wacian, wacan ; G. wachen.] 1. 
To be awake ; to be or continue without sleep. 2. To be 
attentive ; to look with attention or steadiness. 3. To look 
with expectation. 4. To keep guard ; to act as sentinel ; 
to look for danger. 5. To be attentive ; to be vigilant in 
preparation for an event or trial, the time of whose arrival 
is uncertain. 6. To be insidiously attentive ; as, to watch 
for an opportunity to injure another. 7. To attend on the 
sick during the night. — To watch over, to be cautiously ob- 
servant of. 
WATCH, v. t. 1. To guard ; to have in keeping. 2. To ob- 
serve in ambush ; to he in wait for. 3. To tend; to guard. 
4. To observe in order to detect or prevent, or for some 
particular purpose. 
WATCH'-GLaSS, n. 1. In ships, a half-hour glass, used to 
measure the time of a watch on deck. 2. A concavo-con- 
vex glass for covering the face or dial of a watch. 
WATCH-HOUSE, n. [watch and house.] A house in which 

a watch or guard is placed. — Gay. 
WATCH'-LlGHT, n. A candle with a rush wick.— Addison. 
WATCH'-MaK-ER, n. [watch and maker.] One whose oc- 
cupation is to make and repair watches. 
WATCH'-TOW-ER, n. A tower on which a sentinel is 

placed, to watch for enemies or the approach of danger. 
WATCH'-WoRD (wotch'-wurd), n. The word given to 
sentinels, and to such as have occasion to visit the guards, 
used as a signal by which a friend is known from an ene- 
my, or a person who has a right to pass the watch from 
one who has not. 
WATCHED (wotcht),£>p. Guarded; observed with steady 

vigilance. 
WATCHER, n. 1. One who sits up or continues awake ; 
particularly, one who attends upon the siqk during the 
night. 2. A diligent observer ; [obs.] 
t WATCHET, a. [Sax. wceced.] Pale or light blue.— Drydcn. 
WATCHFUL, a. Careful to observe ; guarding with cau- 
tion.— Syn. Vigilant; attentive; cautious; observant; cir- 
cumspect; wakeful; heedful. 
WATCH'FUL-LY, adv. Vigilantly ; heedfully ; with careful 

observation of the approach of evil, or attention to duty. 

WATCH'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Vigilance ; needfulness ; heed ; 

suspicious attention ; careful and diligent observation. 2. 

Wakefulness ; indisposition or inability to sleep. 

WATCHING, ppr. Being awake ; guarding ; attending the 

sick; carefully observing. 
WATCHING, n. Wakefulness ; inability to sleep. 
WATCHMAN, n. 1. One set for a guard in an armed place, 
especially by night ; a sentinel. 2. One who guards the 
streets of a city or a large building by night. — A watch- 
man's rattle is an instrument having at the end of a handle 
a revolving arm, which, by the action of a strong spring 
upon cogs, produces, when in morion, a loud, harsh, rat- 
tling sound. To spring a rattle is to put this instrument 
in motion for the sake of calling in the aid of other watch- 
men. 
WATER, n. [Sax. water, was ; D. water ; G. wasser ; Dan. 
voter ; Sw. vatten ; Goth, wato.} 1. A fluid, the most abund- 
ant and most necessary for living beings of any in nature, 



except air. Water, when pure, is colorless, destitute of 
taste and smelL ponderous, transparent, and, in a very 
small degree, compressible. Chemically considered, it is 
a compound of oxygen and hydrogen. 2. The ocean ; a 
sea ; a lake ; a river ; any great collection of water ; as in 
the phrase, to go by water. 3. Urine. 4. The color or lus- 
tre of a diamond or pearl, sometimes, perhaps, of other 
precious stones; as, a diamond of the first water, tbat is, 
perfectly pure and transparent. 5. Water is a name given 
to several liquid substances or humors in animal bodies. — 
To hold water, to be sound or tight ; [obsolete, or vulgar.] — 
Water of crystallization, the water forming a constituent 
of many salts, so called because considered essential to 
their crystallization. The term is going out of use. — Dana. 

WATER, v. t. 1. To irrigate ; to overflow with water, or 
to wet with water ; as, to water land. 2. To supply with 
water. 3. To supply with water for drink. 4. To diversi 
fy ; to wet and calender ; to give a wavy appearance to. 

WATER, v. i. 1. To shed water or liquid matter. 2. To 
get or take in water. — The mouth waters, a phrase denoting 
that a person has a longing desire. 

WA'TER-BIILTFF, n. An officer of the customs, in En- 
gland, for se_arching ships. 

WATER-BEaR'ER, n. [water and bearer.] In astronomy, 
a sign of the zodiac ; called, also, Aquarius. 

WA'TER-BeAT'£N, a. Beaten by water or waves. 

WA'TER-BEL'LOWS, n. [water and bellows.} A machine 
for blowing air into a furnace by means of a column ol 
water falling through a vertical tube. 

WATER-BoRNE, pp. Borne by the water ; floated ; hav- 
ing water sufficient to float. — Smollett. 

WA'TER-CALA-MINT, n. A species of mint or mentha. 

WATER-CAR'RIAGE, n. 1. Transportation or convey- 
ance by water; or the means of transporting by water 
2. A vessel or boat ; [obs.] 

WATER-CART, n. A cart bearing a large cask of water, 
which is conveyed into a cylinder full of holes, by means 
of which the water is sprinkled upon the ground. 

WATER-CEM'ENT, n. A cement made of a peculiar kind 
of lime, which hardens beneath water. 

WA^IrISrD'lId, \ a - Surrounded by water.-***. 

WATER-CLOCK, n. The clepsydra; an instrument oi 
machine serving to measure time by the fall of a certain 
quantity of water. 

WATER-CLOS'ET, n. 1. A closet for easing nature, hav- 
ing a contrivance for carrying off the discharges by a 
stream of water through a waste-pipe below. — 2. In steam- 
boats, a privy. 

WATER-COL'OR (-kullur), n. Water-colors, in painting, 
are colors mixed with gum-water and made up into small 
cakes. 

WATER-GoURSE, n. [water and course.} 1. A stream of 
water ; a river or brook. — Is., xliv. 2. A channel or canal 
for the conveyance of water, particularly in draining lands. 

WATER-CRaFT, n. Vessels and boats plying on water. 

WATER-CRESS, n. [water and cress.] A small creeping 
plant growing in watery places ; applied particularly to 
the nasturtium officinale, a plant of an agreeable flavor, 
much cultivated in Europe as a relish for breakfast.- 
Loudon. 

WATER-CRoW'FOOT, n. [water and crowfoot.] A plant, 
the ranunculus aquatilis, on which cows are said to be 
fond of feeding. — Loudon. 

WATEPc-DRIIN, n. A drain or channel for water to run off 

WATER-DRAINAGE, n. The draining off of water. 

WATER-DROP, n. [water and drop.} A drop of water. 

WATER-DROPW6RT, n. A plant of the genus cenanthe. 
— Lee. 

WATER-EL'E-PHANT, n. A name given to the hippopot- 
amus. 

WATER-EN'6lNE, n. [water and engine.] An engine to 
raise water ; or an engine moved by water. 

WATER-FALL, n. A fall or perpendicular descent of the 
water of a river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendic- 
ular ; a cascade ; a cataract. But the word is generally 
used of the fall of a small river or rivulet. 

WATER-FLAG, n. Water flower-de-luce. 

WATER-FL66D (-flud), n. [water and flood.] A flood of 
water; an inundation. 

WATER-FLY, n. [water and fly.] An insect that is seen 
on the water. 

WATER-FOWL, n. A bird that frequents the water, or 
lives about rivers, lakes, or on or near the sea ; an aquat- 
ic fowl. 

WATER-FOX, n. [water and fox.] A name given to the 
carp, on account of its cunning. — Walton. 

WATER-FUR'RoW, n. In agriculture, a deep furrow made 
for conducting water from the ground and keeping it dry. 

WATER-FUR'RoW, v. t. To plow or open water-furrows. 

WATER-GALL, n. 1. A cavity made in the earth by a tor 
rent of water. 2. An appearance in the rainbow. 

WATER-6ER-MAN'DER, n. A plant— Cyc. 



D(WE ;— BULL, UNITE •— AN"GER. Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



WAT 



1126 



WAV 



WATER-GILDING, ft. The gilding of metallic surfaces 
by covering them with a thin coating of amalgam of gold 
and then volatilizing the mercury by heat. — Brande. 

WATER-GOD, ra. [water and god.} A deity that presides 
over the water. 

WATER-GRu'E u, ft. A liquid food, composed of water 
and a small portion of meal or other farinaceous substance 
boiled. 

WATER-GaUgE, )n. An instrument for measuring or 

WATER-GagE, > ascertaining the depth or quantity of 
water. 

WATER- HAM'MER, n. A column of water in a vacuum, 
which, not being supported as in the air, falls against the 
end of the vessel with a peculiar noise. 

WATER-HaIR'GRaSS, n. A species of grass.— Cyc. 

WATER-HEMP-AG'RI-MO-NY, n, A plant.— Lee. 

WATER-HEN, n. [water and hen.] A water-fowl, named 
from its quaint resemblance to the common domestic 
fowl ; the gallinule. — Nuttall. 

WATER-HOG, n. A rodent quadruped of South America, 
nearly allied to the Guinea-pig. It is about three feet long. 

WATER-LASHED (-lasht), a. Lashed by the water. 

WATER-LAU'REL, n. [water and laurel] A plant. 

VVA'TER-LeAF. ft. [water and leaf.] An American plant 
of the genus hydrophyllum. — Lee. 

WATER-LEVEL, n. [water and level] The level formed 
by the surface of still water. 

WATER-LIL'Y, n. [water and lily.] The common name 
of the aquatic plants of the genera nymphaa and nuphar, 
distinguished for their beautiful flowers and large, floating 
leaves. — P. Cyc. 

WATER-LlNE, n. A horizontal line supposed to be drawn 
about a ship's bottom, at the surface of the water. 

WATER-LOGGED, a. Lying like a log on the water. A 
ship is water-logged when, having received much water 
into the hold by leaking, &c, she has lost much of her 
buoyancy, and yields to the effect of the waves. 

WATER-MAN, n. [water and man.] A boatman ; a ferry- 
man ; a man who manages water-craft. — Gay. 

WATER-MaRK, n. [water and mark.] The mark or limit 
of the rise of a flood. — Dryden. 

WATER-MeAS'URE (-mezh'ur), n. A measure for articles 
brought by water, as coals, oysters, &c. This bushel is 
larger than the Winchester measure. 

WATER-MEL'ON, n. [water and melon.] A plant and its 
fruit, of the genus cucurbita or cucumis (C. citrullus), much 
cultivated for the cooling qualities of the fruit. 

WATER-MILL, n. A mill whose machinery is moved by 
water, and thus distinguished from a wind-mill. 

WATER-MINT, n. Sec Water-calamint. 

WATER-NEWT, n. An animal of the lizard tribe, the la- 
certa aquatica of Linnaeus. 

WATER-ORTJE-AL. n. A judicial trial of persons accused 
of crimes, by means of water ; [formerly in use among il- 
literate and superstitious nations.] 

WATER-OU'SEL, n. A bird allied to the thrushes. It fre- 
quents streams of water. 

WATER-PaRS'NEP, n. An umbelliferous aquatic plant of 
the genus sium. 

WATER-PLANT, n. A plant that grows in water ; an 
aquatic plant. 

WATER-Po-A, ft. A valuable species of grass, the poa 
aquatica, which is cultivated in England for fodder. — 
Loudon. 

WATER-POISE, n. A hydrometer, or instrument for 
ascertaining the specific gravity of different liquids. — 
Francis. 

WATER-POT, n. A vessel for holding or conveying wa- 
ter, or for sprinkling water on cloth in bleaching, or on 
plants, &c. 

WATER-PROOF, a. [water and proof] Impervious to wa- 
ter ; so firm and compact as not to admit water. 

WATER-RAD'ISH, n. A species of sisymbrium. 

WATER-RaIL, n. A wading bird of the genus rallus. 

WATER-RAM, n. A machine by which water is raised 
much above its level by the momentum of a larger stream 
than the one which is raised. — Francis. 

WATER-RAT, ft. A species of rat which frequents the 
banks of i-ivers and ponds. 

WATER-ROOKED (-rokt), a. Rocked by the waves. 

WATER-ROCK'ET, n. 1. A species of sisymbrium. 2. A 
kind of fire-work to be discharged in the water. 

WATER-ROT, v. t. To rot by steeping in water. 

WATER-ROT-TED, pp Rotted by being steeped in water. 

WATER-ROT-TING, pp . Rotting in water. 

WA'TER.-SaIL, n. [water and sail] A small sail used un- 
der a studding-sail or driver-boom. — Mar. jyict. 

WATER-SAP-PHIRE (-saf'fire or -saf'fer), n. Iolite, a 

kind of blue precious stone. 
WATER-SHED, ft. A range of high land, that casts the 

water in different directions.— Robin son. 
WATER-SHOOT, ft. [water and shoot.] A sprig or shoot 
from the root or stock of a tree. [Local] 



WATER-SNaKE, n. A snake that frequents the water. 

WATER-SoAK, v. t. [water and soak.] To soak or fill thf 
interstices with water. 

WATER-SOAKED (-sokt), pp. or a. Soaked or having its 
interstices filled with water ; as, water-soaked wood. 

WATER-S5L-DIER (-sol-jer), n. An aquatic plant with 
long, sword-like leaves, and flowers resembling plumes of 
white feathers. — Loudon. 

WATER-SPAN-IEL (-span-yel), n. A dog so called.- 
Sidney. 

WATER-SPOUT, n. A remarkable natural phenomenon 
usually observed over the sea, but sometimes over the 
land. It usually consists of a dense black cloud, depend- 
ing from the sky in a conical form toward the earth. 
Sometimes it unites with a corresponding portion ascend- 
ing from below, thus forming a continuous column from 
the surface of the earth to the cloud. It often discharges 
great quantities of water, whence its name. — Olmsted. 

WATER-STAND'ING, a. Wet with water.— Shak. 

WATER-Ta-BLE, n. [water and table] In architecture, a 
string-course, molding, or other projection in the wall of 
a building, to throw oft' the water. 

WATER-TATH, n. In England, a species of coarse grasa 
growing in wet grounds. — Cyc. 

WATER-THER-MOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascer 
taining the precise degree of cold at which water cease* 
to be condensed, or attains its maximum density. This ia 
about 40° of Fahrenheit. 

WATER-TIGHT (-tite), a. So tight as to retain or not to 
admit water. 

WATER-TRK-FOIL, n. A plant, menyanthes trifol'mta. 

WATER-Vi'O-LET, n. [water and violet.] An aquatic plant 
of the genus Hottonia. — Loudon. 

WATER-WIY, n. In a ship's deck, a piece of timber, form- 
ing a channel for conducting water to the scuppers. 

WATER-WHEEL, «. 1. A wheel moved by water. 2. 
An engine for raising water in large quantities. 

WATER-WIL-LoW, n. [water and willow.] A plant. 

WATER-WINGS, ft. pi Walls erected on the banks of 
rivers, next to bridges, to secure the foundation from the 
action of the current. — Francis. 

WATER-WITH, n. [water and with.] A plant. 

WATEIt-WORK (-wurk), n. Water-works are hydraulic 
machines or engines, particularly such as form artificial 
fountains, spouts, and the like. 

WATER- WORN, a. Worn by the force of water. 

WATER-W6RT, n. An aquatic plant of the genus elatine. 

WATER-AGE, ft. Money paid for transportation by water. 

WATERED, pp. or a. Overspread or sprinkled with wa- 
ter ; made wet ; supplied with water ; made lustrous by 
being wet and calendered. 

WATER-ER, ft. One who waters.— Carets. 

WATER-I-NESS, ft. [from watery.] Moisture ; humidity ; 
a state of abounding with water. — Arbuthnot. 

WATER-ING, ppr. Overflowing; sprinkling or wetting 
with water ; supplying with water. 

WATER-ING, tc. 1. The act of overflowing or sprinkling 
with water ; the act of supplying with water. 2. The 
place where water is supplied. 

WATER-ING-PLaCE, ft. 1. A place where water may be 
obtained, as for a ship, for cattle, &c. 2. A place to which 
people resort for mineral water. 

WATER-ING-TROUGH (-trauf ), n. A trough in which cat 
tie and horses drink. 

WATER-ISH, a. 1. Resembling water ; thin, as a liquor. 
—Dryden. 2. Moist ; somewhat watery. — Hale. 

WATER-ISH-NESS, n. Thinness, as of a liquor ; resem- 
blance to water. — Floyer. 

WATER-LESS, a. Destitute of water.— Mi) ford. 

WATER- Y, a. 1. Resembling water ; thin or transparent, 
as a liquid. 2. Tasteless ; insipid ; vapid ; spiritless. 3. 
Wet ; abounding with water. 4. Pertaining to water. 5. 
Consisting of water. — Syn. Aqueous ; humid ; damp ; 
dark ; washy. 

WATTLE (wot'tl), ft. [Sax. watel) 1. Properly, a twig or 
flexible rod ; and hence, a hurdle uiade of such rods. 2. 
The fleshy excrescence that grows under the throat of a 
cock or turkey, or a like substance on a fish. 3. A rod 
laid on a roof to support the thatch. 

WATTLE, v. t. 1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or in- 
terweave twigs one with another ; to plat ; to form a kind 
of net-work with flexible branches. 

WATTLED, pp. Bound or interwoven with twigs. 

WATTLING, ppr. Interweaving with twigs. 

WAUL, v. i. To cry, as a cat. 

WAUL'ING, pp. Crying, as a cat. 

WAVE, ft. [Sax. weg, wag; G. woge; Sw. vag ; Ir. buaice.\ 
1. A moving swell or volume of water ; usually, a swell 
raised and driven by wind. 2. Unevenness ; inequality 
of surface. 3. The line or streak of lustre on cloth water 
ed and calendered.—SvN. Billow ; surge ; breaker. 

WIVE, v. i. [Sax. wafian.] 1. To play loosely ; to mov* 
like a wave, one way and the other ; to float; to undulate 



See Synopsis, a, e, I, &c. long.— I, e, i, &c, short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, 



WAX 



1127 



WEA 



2. To be moved, as a signal. 3. To fluctuate ; to waver ; 
to be in an unsettled state ; [obs.] 

WaVE, v. t. [See Waver.] 1. To raise into inequalities of 
surface. 2. To move one way and the other ; to brandish. 

3. To waft ; to remove any thing floating. 4. To beckon ; 
to direct by a waft or waving motion. 

WaVE, v. t. [Norm, weyver, waive.} 1. To put off; to cast 
off; to cast away; to reject: usually written waive. 2. 
To quit ; to depart from. 3. To put off ; to put aside for 
the present, or to omit to pursue. 4. To relinquish, as a 
right, claim, or privilege : usually written waive. 

WaVE'-LiKE, a. Resembling a wave ; undulating. 

WaVE'-LoAF, n. A loaf for a wave-oflerins:. 

WaVE'-OF'FER-ING, n. An offering made with waving 
toward the four cardinal points. — Numb., xviii. 

WaVE'-SUB-JE€TED, a. Subject to be overflowed. 

WaVE'-WoRN, a. [wave and worn.] Worn by the waves. 

VVaV£D, pp. 1. Moved one way and the other ; brandish- 
ed. 2. Put off ; omitted. — 3. a. In heraldry, indented. 4. 
Variegated in lustre. — 5. In natural history, having on the 
margin a succession of arched segments or incisions. — 
Humble. 

WaVE'LESS, a. Free from waves ; undisturbed ; unagi- 
toted. 

Wa'VEL-LiTE, ti. [from Wavel, the discoverer.] A phos- 
phate of alumina, occurring usually in hemispherical con- 
cretions, consisting of fine radiated fibres. 

WA'VER v. i. [Sax. wafian ; Dan. svtzver,] 1. To play or 
move to and fro ; to move one way and the other. 2. To 
be unsettled in opinion ; to be undetermined. 3. To tot- 
ter ; to reel ; to be in danger of falling.— Syn. To hesi- 
tate ; fluctuate ; vacillate. 

Wa'VER, n. A name given to a sapling or young timber- 
free in England. [Local] 

WVVEB.-ER, n. One who wavers ; one who is unsettled 
in doctrine, faith, or opinion. 

Wa'VER-ING, ppr. or a. Fluctuating ; being in doubt ; un- 
determined. 

Wa'V£R-ING-LY, adv. In a fluctuating, doubtful manner. 

Wa'VER-ING-NESS, n. State or quality of being wavering. 

VVaVE'SON, n. A name given to goods which after ship- 
wreck appear floating on the sea. — Bouvier. 

WAVING, ppr. or a. Moving as a wave ; playing to and 
fro ; brandishing. 

vVaVURE, n. The act of waving or putting off— R. Peel. 

Wa'VY, a. [from wave.] 1. Rising or swelling in waves ; 
full of waves. 2. Playing to and fro ; undulating. 3. Un- 
dulating on the border or on the surface. 

I WAWES } 

f WAES \ (wawz), for waves. — Spenser. 

WAWL, v. i. [Ice. vaele, if not formed from the sound.] To 

cry ; to howL — Shak. 
WAX, n. [Sax. wax, wex; G. wachs ; D. wasch ; Sw. vax.] 
1. A thick, viscid, tenacious substance, excreted by bees 
from their bodies, and employed in the construction of 
their cells ; usually called bees' wax. 2. A thick, tenacious 
substance excreted in the ear.. 3. A substance secreted 
by certain plants, forming a silvery powder on the leaves 
and fruit, as in the wax-palm and wax-myrtle. 4. A sub- 
stance used in sealing letters ; called sealing-wax, or Span- 
ish wax. 5. A tbick substance used by shoemakers for 
rubbing their thread. — Wax, mineral. See Ozocerite. 
WAX, v. t. To smear or rub with wax. 
WAX, v. i. ; pret waxed ; pp. waxed or waxen. [Sax. wcax- 
an ; G. wachsen ; Sw. vaxa.] 1. To increase in size ; to 
grow ; to become larger. 2. To pass from one state to 
another ; to become. \ 

WAX'-€AN-DLE, n. A candle made of wax. 
WAX-CHaND-LER n. A maker of wax-candles. 
WAX -END, In. A thread pointed with a bristle and 
WAXED'-END, j covered with shoemaker's wax ; used 

in sewing shoes. — Brockett. 
WAX'-MOTH, n. The bee-moth, which see. 
WAX'-MYR-TLE, n. A North American shrub, from whose 
berries a substance resembling tallow or wax is obtained ; 
also called candleberry-tree and bayberry. 
WAX'-PALM (-pam), n. A large South American species 
of palm, whose stem is covered with a thick coating of 
resin and wax. 
WAX'-W6RK (-wurk), n. Figures formed of wax, in imi- 
tation of real beings. 
\VAX£D (wakst), pp. Smeared or rubbed with wax. 
WAX'EN, a. 1. Made of wax ; as, waxen cells.— Milton. 2. 

Resembling wax. — Edin. Encyc. 
WAXING, ppr. Growing ; increasing ; becoming ; smear- 
ing with wax. 
WAX'WING, n. A bird of the genus bombycilla, about 6 or 
8 inches long. There are several beautiful species so 
named, because most of them have small oval horny ap- 
pendages on the secondaries of the wings, of the color of 
red sealing-wax.— P. Cyc. — Jardine. 
WAXY, a. Soft like wax ; resembling wax ; viscid ; ad- 
hesive. , 



WaY, n. [Sax. wag, weg ; G., D. weg ; Dan. vej , Sw. vag 
L., It. via ; Fr. voie.] 1. Literally, a passing ; hence, a 
passage ; the place of passing ; hence, a road of any kind 
a highway ; a private road ; a lane ; a street ; any placo 
for the passing of men, cattle, or other animals. 2. Length 
of space ; as, a great way. 3. Course ; direction of mo 
tion or travel ; route. 4. Passage ; room for passing. 5 
Course, or regular course. 6. Tendency to any meaning 
or act. 7. Sphere of observation. 8. Manner of doing 
any thing ; method , means of doing. 9. Method ; sys- 
tem ; scheme of management. 10. Manner of thinking or 
behavior ; particular turn of opinion ; determination or 
humor. 11. Manner ; mode. 12. Method ; manner of 
practice. 13. Method or plan of life and conduct ; as, in 
struct your children in the right way. 14. Course ; pro- 
cess of things, good or bad. 15. Right method to act or 
know. 16. General scheme of acting. 17. Sect ; denom- 
ination of a particular faith, creed, or worship. — Acts, xix., 
23. — 18. Way, among seamen, progress ; as, a ship has way. 
19. Ways, pi., the timbers on which a ship is launched. — 
To make way, to give room for passing, or to make a va- 
cancy. — To give way, to recede ; to make room, or to 
yield. — To make one's way, to advance in life by eftbrts. — 
By-the-way, en passant, as we proceed. — To go ones way 
or to come ones way, to go or come along. Shak. — In the 
way, a phrase noting obstruction. — To be under way, in sea- 
men's language, to be in motion, as when a ship begins to 
move. — Milky Way, in astronomy, the galaxy. — Ways and 
means, in legislation, means for raising money ; resources 
for revenue. 

WaY-BAG'GA6E, n. The baggage or luggage of a way 
passenger on a rail-road, &c. 

WXY'-BILL, 72. A list of the passengers in a stage-coach, 
&c. [ United States.] 

WaY'-BPwEAD, n. The herb plantain, plantago major. 
Loudon. 

WaY'-LeAVE, n. The ground purchased for a wagon-way 
between coal-pits and a river. — Cyc. [Local.] 

WaY'-MaK-ER, ti. One who makes a way ; a precursor. 
— Bacon. 

WaY'-MaRK, n. A mark to guide in traveling. 

WaY'-PaNE, n. A slip left for cartage in watered land 
[Local.] 

WaY'-PAS'SEN-6ER, n. A passenger on a rail-road or in 
a stage-coach, taken up at some intermediate place be- 
tween the principal stopping places. 

WIY'-THIS-TLE (-this'l), n. A troublesome plant or pe- 
rennial weed. — Cyc. 

WaY'-WARD-EN, n. In local usage, the surveyor of a 
road. [England.] 

WaY'-WiS-ER, n. An instrument for measuring the dis- 
tance which one has traveled on the road ; called, also, 
perambulator and pedometer. — Hutton. 

WIY'FaR-ER, ti. [way and fare; Sax. faran.] A traveler; 
a passenger. — Carew. 

WaY'FIRJNG, a. Traveling ; passing ; being on a journey. 
— Judges, xix. 

WaY'FaR-ING-TREE, n. A shrub allied to the laurestine 
and the snow-ball. 

* WaY'LaID, pp. Watched in the way. 

* WaY'LaY, v. t. [way and lay.] To watch insidiously in 
the way with a view to seize, rob, or slay ; to beset in am- 
bush. — Dryden. [In this word there is little difference of 
accent.] _ 

* WaY'LaY-ER, n. One who waits for another in ambush 

with a view to seize, rob, or slay him. 

WaY'LESS, a. Having no road or path; pathless ; track 
less. — Drayton. 

t WaY'MENT, v. i. [Sax. wa.] To lament.— Spenser. 

WaYWARD, a. [way and ward.] Froward ; peevish ; per 
verse ; liking his own way. 

WaY'WARD-LY, adv. Frowardly ; perversely.— Sidney. 

WaY'WARD-NESS, n. Frowardness ; perverseness. 

WaYWODE, }n. [Slav, voyna, war, and vodit, to lead.] A 

WaI'WODE, > name originally given to military com- 
manders in various Slavonic countries, and afterward to 
governors of towns or provinces. It was assumed for a 
time by the rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia, who are 
now called hospodars, and has also been given to some in- 
ferior Turkish officers.— P. Cyc. 

WaY'WODE-SHIP, n. The province or jurisdiction of 8 
waywode. — Eton. 

WaY'WoRN, a. Wearied by traveling. 

WE, pron. ; pi. of I ; or, rather, a different word, denoting 
the person speaking and another or others with him. 

WEAK (week), a. [Sax. waac, wace; G. weich, schwach; D. 
zicak ; Dan. vecg, vceg ; Sw. vek.] 1. Having little phys- 
ical strength ; feeble. 2. Infirm ; not healthy ; enfeebled ; 
enervated ; debilitated. 3. Not able to bear a great weight. 
4. Not strong ; not compact ; easily broken. 5. Not ablo 
to resist a violent attack. 6. Soft; pliant; not stiff. 7. 
Low ; small ; feeble. 8. Feeble of mind ; wanting spirit , 
wanting vigor or understanding. 9. Not much inipregna 



D6VE ;— BULL, tJNITE ;— AN"GER Vi"CIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



WEA 



1128 



WEA 



ted with ingredients, or with things that excite action, or 
with stimulating and nourishing substances. 10. Not po- 
litically powerful. 11. Not having force of authority or 
energy. 12. Not having moral force or power to convince ; 
not well supported by truth or reason. 13. Not well sup- 
ported by argument. 14. Unfortified ; accessible ; im- 
pressible. 15. Not having full conviction or confidence.— 
16. Weak land is land of a light, thin soil. — Cyc. 

\ WeAK, v. t. To make weak. 

\ WeAK, v 1 i. To become weak. — Chaucer. 

WeAK'-EYjED (-Ide), a. Having weak eyes. 

WeAK'-HeAD-ED (-hed-ed), a. Having a weak intellect. 

WeAK'-HEaRT-ED, a. Having little courage. 

WeAK-SiDE, n. Foible ; deficiency ; failing ; infirmity. 

WSAK'-SlGHT-ED, a. Having weak sight. 

WeAK-SPiR'IT-ED, a. Having weak spirits. 

WeAK'^EN (wee'kn), v. t. [Sax. wacan.] 1. To lessen the 
strength of, or to deprive of strength ; to debilitate ; to en- 
feeble. 2. To reduce in strength or spirit. 

WeAK'jBNJJD, pp. Debilitated ; enfeebled ; reduced in 
strength. 

WeAK'-EN-ER, n. He or that which weakens. 

WE AK'-EN-ING, ppr. Debilitating ; enfeebling ; reducing the 
strength or vigor of any thing. 

WEAKLING, n. A feeble creature. — Shah. 

WeAKLY, adv. 1. Feebly ; with little physical strength ; 
faintly ; not forcibly. 2. With want of efficacy. 3. With 
feebleness of mind or intellect ; indiscreetly ; injuriously. 
4. Timorously ; with little courage or fortitude. 

WE AK'LY, a. Not strong of constitution ; infirm. — Raleigh. 

WEAK'NESS, n. 1. Want of physical strength ; want of 
force or vigor. 2. Want of sprightliness. 3. Want of 
steadiness. 4. Want of health ; unhealthiness. 5. Want 
of moral force or effect upon the mind. 6. Want of judg- 
ment ; feebleness of mind ; foolishness. 7. Defect ; foible ; 
failing ; fault ; [with a plural.] — Syn. Feebleness ; debility ; 
languor; imbecility; unfirmness; infirmity; decrepitude; 
frailty; faintness. 

WEAL, n. [Sax. wela ; G. wohl ; Dan. vel.] 1. A sound state 
of a person or thing ; a state which is prosperous, or at 
least not unfortunate ; not declining ; prosperity ; happi- 
ness. 2. Republic ; state ; public interest. 

WeAL, n. The mark of a stripe. See Wale. 

WEALD, ] in Saxon and other Teutonic dialects, signifies a 

WALD, I a wood or forest. It is found in names, as in 

WALT, j Walt-ham, wood-house ; corruptly pronounced 

WOLD, J Wal-tham. 

We ALD'jEN, a. A term applied in England to certain strata 
of the upper part of the oolitic series. — Mantell. 

WE ALS'MAN, n. [weal and man.] A name given sneeringly 
to a politician. — Shah. 

WEALTH (welth), n. [from weal ; Sax. welega, wclga, rich.] 
1. Prosperity ; external happiness ; [obs.] 2. Large pos- 
sessions of money, goods, or land ; that abundance of 
worldly estate which exceeds the estate of the greater 

{>art of the community. — Syn. Riches ; affluence ; opu- 
ence ; abundance. 
WeALTH'-GIV-ING (welth'-), a. Yielding wealth. 
WeALTH'I-LY (welth'e-le), adv. Richly.— Shak. 
WeALTH'I-NESS, n. State of being wealthy ; richness. 
WEALTHY (welth'e), a. Rich ; having large possessions 

in lands, goods, money, or securities, or larger than the 

generality of men ; opulent ; affluent. 
WeAN, v. t. [Sax. wenan, gewcenan.] 1. To accustom and 

reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or 

deprivation of the breast. 2. To detach or alienate, as the 

affections, from any object of desire ; to reconcile to the 

want or loss of any thing. 
WeANJSD, pp. or a. Accustomed or reconciled to the want 

of the breast or other object of desire. 
WeAN'EL, \n. A child or other anim;il newly weaned. 

weanling, 5 —MUton. 

WeAN'ING, ppr. Accustoming or reconciling, as a young 
child or other animal, to a want of the breast ; reconciling 
to the want of any object or desire. 

We AP'ON (wep'n), n. [Sax. wapn, wepn : D., G. wapen ; Dan. 
vaaben ; Sw. vapen.] 1. Any instrument of offense ; any 
thing used or designed to be used in destroying or annoy- 
ing an enemy. 2. An instrument for contest or for com- 
bating enemies. 3. An instrument of defense. — 4. Weapons, 
in botany, arms ; thorns, prickles, and stings, with which 
plants are furnished for defense. 

' WeAP'ON-SaLVE (wep'n-sav), n. A salve which was 
supposed to cure the wound by being applied to the weap- 
on that made it. 

We AP'ON .ED (wep'nd), a. Armed ; furnished with weap- 
ons or arms ; equipped. — Hayward. 

WeAP'ON-LESS, a. Unarmed ; having no weapon. — Milton. 

WEaR (ware), v. t. ; pret. wore ; pp. worn. [W. gwariaw ; 
Sax. weran, werian.] 1. To waste or impair by rubbing 
or attrition ; to lessen or diminish by time, use, or instru- 
ments. 2. To carry appendant to the body, as clothes or 
weapons. 3. To have or exhibit an appearance ; to bear. 



4. To affect by degrees. — To wear away, to consume , to 
impair, diminish, or destroy by gradual attrition or decay. 
— To wear off, to diminish by attrition or slow decay. — To 
wear out. 1. To consume ; to render useless by attrition 
or decay. 2. To consume tediously. 3. To harass ; to 
tire. 4. To waste the strength of. — 5. In navigation, to 
wear (originally veer), is to put the ship on the other tack 
by turning her round, stern toward the wind. — Brande. 
WEaR (ware), v. i. 1. To be wasted; to be diminished by 
attrition, by use, or by time. 2. To be tediously spent 
3. To be consumed by slow degrees. — To wear off, to pass 
away by degrees. 
WEIR (ware), n. 1. The act of wearing ; diminution by 
friction. 2. The thing worn. Wear and tear, the loss bj 
wearing, as of machinery in use. 
WEAR (were), n. [Sax. war, wer ; D. waaren or weeren.] ]. 
A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for conduct- 
ing it to a mill, for taking fish. 2. A fence of stakes or 
twigs set in a stream for taking fish. Spelled, also, weir 
and wier. 
WEaR'A-BLE, a. That can be worn.— Swift. 
WEARD, [Sax.] a warden, in names, denotes watchfulness 
orcare ; but it must not be confounded with ward in toward 
WEaR'ER, n. 1. One who wears or carries as appendan 

to the body. 2. That which wastes or diminishes. 
WeA'RLED (we'rid), #p. or a. Tired; fatigued. 
WeA'RI-LY, adv. In a tired or weary manner. 
WeA'RI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being weary or tired 
that lassitude or exhaustion of strength which is induced 
by labor ; fatigue. 2. Lassitude ; uneasiness proceeding 
from continued waiting, disappointed expectation, or ex- 
hausted patience, or from other cause. 
WEaPi/ING, ppr. 1. Bearing on or appendant to the per 
son ; diminishing by friction ; consuming. 2. a. Denoting 
what is worn. 
WEARING, n. Clothes ; garments.— Shak. 
t WEaR'ISH, a. 1. Boggy ; watery. 2. Weak ; washy. 
WeA'RI-SOME (we're-sum), a. [from weary.] Causing wea- 
riness. — Syn. Tiresome ; tedious ; fatiguing ; irksome ; an- 
noying; vexatious. 
WeA'RI-S6ME-LY, adv. Tediously ; so as to cause weari- 
ness. — Raleigh. 
We A'RI-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of exhausting strength 

or patience ; tiresomeness ; tediousuess. 
WeA'RY (we're), a. [Sax. werig.] 1. Having the strength 
much exhausted by toil or violent exertion ; [this word 
expresses less than tired.] 2. Having the patience ex- 
hausted, or the mind yielding to discouragement. 3. Caus 
ing weariness. — Syn. Tired ; fatigued ; tiresome ; irksome , 
wearisome. 
WeA'RY, v. t. 1. To reduce or exhaust the physical strength 
of the body. 2. To make impatient of continuance. 3. To 
harass by any thing irksome. — To weary out, to subdue or 
exhaust by fatigue.— Syn. To tire ; fatigue ; jade ; fag ; 
vex; dispirit. 
WeA'RY-ING, ppr. Exhausting the strength ; fatiguing. 
WeA'SAND, )n. [Sax. wasend, wcesend.] The wind-pipe or 
We'SAND, i trachea ; the canal through which air pass- 
es to and from the lungs. 
WeA'S^EL 1 (we'zl), n. [Sax. wesle ; Dan. vesel ; G. wiesel ; 
WEE'S.EL 3 D. weezel.] A small quadruped of the genus 
mustela, which feeds on small birds, but particularly on 
mice. It has a long slender body, with short legs. 
We AS.EL-FaC.ED (taste), a. Having a thin, sharp face like 

a weasel. Spelled, also, weezel and weazen. 
WeATH'ER, (wefli'er), n. [Sax. vjeder, wader, or wether; G, 
wetter4 D. weder or weer.] 1. The state of the air or at- 
mosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dry- 
ness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, or any other 
meteorological phenomena ; as, warm weather. 2. Change 
of the state of the air. — Bacon. 3. Storm ; tempest. Dry den; 
[rare.] — Stress of weather, violent winds ; force of tempests. 
WeATH'ER (wefli'er), v. t. 1. To air ; to expose to the air. 
Spenser ; [rarely used.] — 2. In seamen's language, to sail to 
the windward of something else. 3. To bear up against and 
resist, though with difficulty ; as, to weather the storm. — To 
weather a point, to gain or accomplish it against opposition, 
— To weather out is the same as to weather ; as, to weather out 
a storm. Addison. — Weather is used with several words, 
either as an adjective, or as forming part of a compound 
word. So, in other words, weather signifies toward the 
wind or windward ; as, in weather-bow, weather-braces, 
weather-gage, weather-hfts, weather-quarter, weather-shrouds, 
weather-side, weather-shore,. &c. 
We ATH'ER-Be AT'£N, (wefh'er-beefn), a. Beaten or har- 
assed by the weather. 
WeATH'ER-BIT, n. A turn of the cable about the end of 

the windlass, without the knight-heads. — Cyc. 
WEATH'ER-BoARD, n. 1. That side of a ship which is to- 
ward the wind ; the windward side. 2. A board forming 
a close junction between the shingling of a roof iind tha 
side of the building beneath, usually at the ends where 
there is no cornice. 



See Synopvj. a, E, I, &c. long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK 



WED 



1129 



WEE 



WEATHER -Bo ARD, v. t. To nail boards lapping one over 
another, in order to exclude rain, snow, &c. — Gwilt. 

WEATH'ER-BoARD'ING, n. The act of nailing up boards 
lapping one over another ; or the boards themselves. 

W£ATH'ER-Bo ARDS, n. pi. Pieces of plank placed in the 
ports of a ship when laid up in ordinary. — Mar. Diet. 

WEATHER-BOUND, a. Delayed by bad weather. 

WeATH'ER-Bo W, n. See Weather-board. 

WEATHER-CLOTHS, n. pi. Long pieces of canvas or 
tarpauling used to preserve the hammocks from injury by 
the weather when stowed, or to defend persons from the 
wind and spray. 

We ATH'ER-€0€K, n. 1. A vane or weather-vane ; some- 
thing, originally in the shape of a cock, placed on the top 
of a spire, which, by turning, shows the direction of the 
wind. 2. Any thing or person that turns easily and fre- 
quently ; a tickle, inconstant person. 

WEATHER-DRIV-.EN, a. [weather and driven.] Driven by 
winds or storms ; forced by stress of weather. 

WEATHER-FEND, v. t. [weather and fend.] To shelter. 

WEATH'ER-GaGE, n. A ship is said to have the weather- 
gage of another when she is at the windward of her, and 
thus has the advantage. Hence, in Hudibras, "to veer 
and tack, and steer a cause against the weathergage of 
laws," is to evade their force by dextrous shifts, &c. 

WEATHER-GALL, n. A secondary rainbow, said to be a 
sign of bad weather. [North of England.] 

WEATHER-GLaSS, n. [weather and glass.] An instru- 
ment to indicate the state of the atmosphere. This name 
is given to the barometer, also to the thermometer, hy- 
grometer, &.c. — Brande. 

WEATHER-HELM, n. A ship is said to carry a weather- 
helm when she is inclined to come too near the wind. 

WEATH'ER-MoST, a. Being furthest to the windward. 

WEATHER-PROOF, a. Proof against rough weather. 

WEATH'ER-RoLL, n. [iceather and roll.] The roU of a 
ship to the windward ; opposed to lee-lurch. 

WEATHER-SPY , n. [weather and spy.] A star-gazer ; one 
who 'foretells the weather. — Donne. [Little used.] 

WEATH'ER-TlDE, n. The lide which sets against the lee 
side of a ship, impelling her to the windward. 

WEATH'ER-TINT-ED, a. Tinted by the weather. 

WEATHER-WISE, a. [weather and wise.] Skillful in fore- 
seeing the changes or state of the weather. 

f WEATHER-WlS-ER, n. Something that foreshows the 
weather. — Derham. 

WEATHERED, pp. 1. Passed to the windward ; passed 
with difficulty. — 2. a. In geology, rocks are said to he 
weathered when their surface i3 altered in color, texture, 
or composition, or then- edges are rounded off by expo- 
sure to the elements. — Dana. 

WEATH'ER-ING, n. The action of the elements in alter- 
ing the surface of rocks in respect to color, texture, or 
composition, or by rounding off their edges. 

WeATH'ER-ING, ppr. Passing or sailing to the windward ; 
passing with difficulty. 

WeAVE (weev), v. t. ; pret. wove ; pp. woven, wove. The 
regular form, weaved, is rarely or never used. [Sax. we- 
fan ; Ger. weben ;.D. tceeven.] 1. To unite threads of any 
kind in such a manner as to form cloth. 2. To unite any 
thing flexible. 3. To unite by intermixture or close con- 
nection. 4. To interpose ; to insert. . 

WeAVE, v. i. To practice weaving; to work with a loom. 

WEAVER, n. 1. One who weaves ; one whose occupation 
is to weave. .2. The common name of the passerine birds 
of the genus plocens, natives of Africa and the East Indies ; 
so called because they construct curious and often pensile 
nests, by interweaving twigs and fibres. 

WEAVER-FISH, n. A fish of the perch family. See 
Weever. 

WEAVING, ppr. Forming cloth by intertexture of threads. 

WEAVING, n. 1. The act or art of forming cloth in a 
loom, by the union or intertexture of threads. 2. The 
task or work to be done in making cloth. 

WeA'Z£N, a. Thin ; sharp ; as, a weazen face. — Dickens. 

WEB, n. [Sax. web; Sw. vaf] 1. Texture of threads; 
plexus ; any thing woven. — 2. Locally, a piece of linen 
cloth ; [England.] 3. A dusky film that forms over the 
eye and hinders the sight ; suffusion. 4. Some part of a 
sword. — 5. In ship-building, the thin partition on the in- 
side of the rim, and between the spokes of a sheave. Cyc. 
— 6. In ornithology, the membrane which unites the toes of 
manv water-fowls. — Web of a coulter is the thin, sharp part. 

WEB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having webbed feet ; palmiped. 

WEBB.ED (webd), a. Having the toes united by a mem- 
brane or web ; as, the webbed feet of aquatic fowls. 

WEB'BING, n. A strong fabric of hemp, two or three 
inches wide, made for supporting the seats of stuffed 
chairs, sofas, &c. 
WEB'STER, n. [Sax. webstre.] A weaver.— Camden. [The 

old word is webber.] 
WED, v. i. To marry ; to contract matrimony. — Shah. 
WED, n. A pledge. 



WED, v. t. [Sax. weddian ; Sw. vudja ; Dan. xedder.] 1. To 
marry ; to take for husband or for wife. 2. To join in 
marriage. 3. To unite closely in affection ; to attach 
firmly. 4. To unite forever. 5. T» espouse ; to take part 
with; [obs.] 

WEDTJED, pp. or a. Married ; closely attached. 

WEDTJING. ppr. Marrying; uniting with in matrimony. 

WED'DING, n. Marriage ; nuptials ; nuptial ceremony , 
nuptial festivities.— Shak. 

WED'DING-CLoTHES, n. pi. Garments for a bride or a 
bridegroom, to be worn at marriage. 

WEDTjING-DaY, n. The day of marriage. 

WED'DING-FeAST, n. [wedding and feast.] A feast or 
entertainment prepared for the guests at a wedding. 

WEDGE (wej), n. [Sax. wecg, wcecg ; Dan. veg ; Sw^vigg , 
D. wig.] 1. A mass of metal.— Josh., vii. 2. A piece of 
metal, particularly iron, thick at one end and sloping to a 
thin edge at the other, used in splitting woods, rocks, &c. 
The wedge is one of the mechanical powers. — 3. In geom- 
etry, a solid of five sides, viz., a rectangular base, two rhom- 
boidal sides meeting in an edge, and two triangular ends. 
— Day. 4. Something in the form of a wedge. 

WEDGE, v. t. 1. To cleave with a wedge ; to rive ; [rare.] 
2. To drive as a wedge is driven ; to crowd or compress 
closely. 3. To force, as a wedge forces its way. 4. To 
fasten with a wedge or with wedges. 5. To fix in the 
manner of a wedge. 

WEDGE'-SHaPED (wej'-shapt), a. [wedge and shape.] 
Having the shape of a wedge ; cuneiform. — Smith. 

WEDGED (wejd), pp. Split with a wedge ; fastened with 
a wedge ; closely compressed. 

WEDGE'WOOD-WaRE, n. [from the name of the invent- 
or.] A kind of semi-vitrified pottery, without much super- 
ficial glaze, but capable of receiving all kinds of colors by 
means of metallic oxyds and ochres. Admirable imita- 
tions of Etruscan and other vases have been executed in 
this way. — Tire. 

WEDGING, ppr. Cleaving with a wedge ; fastening with 
wedges ; compressing closely. 

WED'LOCK, n. [qu. wed and lock ; or Sax. lac, a gift] 
Marriage ; matrimony. — Addison. 

WED'LO€K, v. t. To marry.— Milton. [Little used.] 

WED'LOGK-ED (-lokt), pp. United in marriage.— Milton. 

WEDNES'DAY (wenz'de), n. [Sax. Wodensdag, Woden's 
day ; Sw. Odensdag or Onsdag ; from Wodin, or Odin, a 
deity or chief.] The fourth day of the week ; the next 
day after Tuesday. 

t WEE, a. [contracted from G. wenig.] Small ; little. 

WEECHELM, ? A , . 

WITCH'-ELM \ n ' species ol elm. — Bacon. 

WEED, n. [Sax. weod.] 1. The general name of any plant 
that is useless or troublesome. 2. Any kind of unprofit- 
able substance among ores in mines, as mundic or marca- 
site ; [local.] 

WEED, n. [Sax. weed, weeda.] 1. Properly, a garment, as in 
Spenser, but now used only in the plural, weeds, for the 
mourning apparel of a female ; as, a widow's weeds. 2. An 
upper garment ; [obs.] 

WEED, v. t. [Sax. weodian ; D. weeden.] 1. To free from 
noxious plants. 2. To take away, as noxious plants. 3. 
To free from any thing hurtful or offensive. 4. To root 
out vice. 

WEED -GRoWN, a. Overgrown with weeds. 

WEED'-HOOK, \n. [weed and hook.] A hook used for 

WEED'ING-HOOK, j cutting away or extirpating weeds. 

WEEDED, pp. Freed from weeds or whatever is noxious. 

WEED'ER, n. One who weeds or frees from any thing 
noxious. 

WEED'ER- Y, n. Weeds ; a place for the growth of weeds. 

WEEDING, ppr. Freeing from weeds or whatever is nox- 
ious to growth. 

WEEDING, n. The operation of freeing from noxious 
weeds, as a crop. — Cyc. 

WEEDTNG-CHIS'EL, n. A tool with a divided chisel point; 
for cutting the roots of large weeds within the ground. 

WEEDTNG-FOR'CEPS, \ n. An instrument for talon g up 

WEEDTNG-TONGS, 5 some sorts of plants in weed- 
ing. 

WEEDTNG-FORK, n. A strong, three-pronged fork, used 
in cleaning ground of weeds. 

WEED'ING-RHIM, n. An implement somewhat like the 
frame of a wheel-barrow, used for tearing up weeds on 
summer fallows, &c. ; [used in Kent, Eng.] — Cyc. 

WEED'LESS, a. Free from weeds or noxious matter. 

W X EED'Y, a. 1. Consisting of weeds ; as, weedy trophies.— 
Shak. 2. Abounding with weeds ; as, weedy corn. 

WEEK, n. [Sax. weoc; D. week; G. woche ; Dan. ugc; Sw. 
vecka.] 1. The space of seven days. — 2. In Scripture, a pro- 
phetic week is a week of years, or seven years:— Dan., ix. 

WEEK'-DaY, n. [week and day.] Any day of the week ex- 
cept the Sabbath. — Pope. 

WEEK'LY, a. Coming, happening or done once a week j 
hebdomadary. — Swift. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VF'CIOUS.— € asK;GasJ;SaaZ;cHasSH;THasintAfc. \ Obsolete. 



WEI 



1130 



WEL 



WEEK'L Y, adv. Once a week ; by hebdomadal periods ; as, 
each performs service weekly. — Ayliffe. 

fWEEL, n. [Sax. wal.] A whirlpool. 

WEEL, 7 7i. A kind of twiggen trap or snare for fish. — 

WEEL'Y, 5 Carew. 

WEEN, v. i. [Sax. wenan.] To think ; to imagine ; to fan- 
cy. — Milton. [Obsolete, except in burlesque.] 

t WEENING, ppr. Thinking ; imagining. 

WEEP, v. i. ; pret. and pp. wept. [Sax. wepan.] 1. To ex- 
press sorrow, grief, or anguish by outcry. 2. To shed tears 
from any passion. 3. To lament ; to complain. 

WEEP, v. t. 1. To lament ; to bewail ; to bemoan. 2. To 
shed moisture. 3. To drop. 4. To abound with wet. 

f WEEP.ED (weept),#p. Lamented; bewailed; shed tears. 

WEEP'ER, n. 1. One who weeps ; one who sheds tears. 
2. A white border on the sleeve of a mourning coat. 3. A 
South American species of monkey of the sapajou group. 

WEEPTNG, ppr. or a. Lamenting ; shedding tears. 

WEEPTNG, n. Lamentation. 

WEEP'ING-RO€K, n. [weep and rock.] A porous rock from 
which water eradually issues. 

WEEPING-SPRING, n. A spring that slowly discharges 
water. 

WEEPTNG-WIL'LoW, n. A species of willow, whose 
branches grow very long and slender, and hang down 
nearly in a perpendicular direction. 

WEEP'ING-LY, adv. With weeping ; in tears.— Wotton. 

tWEERTSH, a. Insipid; weak; washy; surly. — Ascham. 

WEE'S EL, the more proper spelling of weasel. 

T WEET, v. i. ; pret. wort. [Sax. witan ; D. weeten ; Sw. veta ; 
G. wissen.] To know. 

fWEET'LESS, a. Unknowing. 

WEE'VER, n. A fish of several species belonging to the 
perch family. They inflict wounds with the spines of 
their first dorsal fin, which are much dreaded. Their 
flesh is esteemed. 

WEE'V/L, n. [Sax. wejl ; G. wibel.] A small insect of the 
beetle tribe with a long snout. It is destructive to many 
buds and fruits, and also to magazines of grain. — E. C. 
Herrick. 

WEE'VJL-Y, a. Infested with weevils. 

WEE'ZJEL, a. Thin ; sharp ; as, a weszel face. — Smart. 
[Local.] See Weasel. 

{■ WEFT, eld pret. of wave. — Spenser. 

WEFT n. [from weave.] 1. The woof of cloth; the threads 
that cross the warp from selvedge to selvedge. 2. A web ; 
a thing woven. 

t WEFT, n. A thing waved, waived, or cast away. 

fWEFTAoE, n. Texture.— Grew. 

WEIGH (wa), v. t. [Sax. watg, weg, wcegan ; L. veho ; D. 
weegen, wikken ; G. wagen.] 1. To examine by the bal- 
ance ; to ascertain the weight, that is, the force with which 
a thing tends to the center of gravity. 2. To be equiva- 
lent to" in weight, that is, according to the Saxon sense of 
the verb, to lift to an equipoise a weight on the other side 
of the fulcrum. 3. To raise ; to lift, as an anchor from 
the ground, or any other body. 4. To pay. allot, or take 
by weight. 5. To ponder in the mind ; to consider or ex- 
amine for the purpose of forming an opinion or coming to 
a conclusion. 6. To compare by the scales. 7. To regard ; 
to consider as worthy of notica — To weigh down. 1. To 
overbalance. 2. To oppress with weight ; to depress. 

WEIGH (wa), v i. 1. To have weight 2. To be consid- 
ered as important ; to have weight in the intellectual bal- 
ance. 3. To bear heavily ; to press hard. — To weigh down, 
to sink by its own weight. 

WEIGH (wa), n. A certain quantity. See Wey. 

WEIGH'A-BLE (wa'a-bl), a. That may be weighed. 

WEIGHAgE, n. A duty or toll paid for weighing mer- 
chandise. — Bouvier. 

WEIGHED (wade), pp. 1. Examined by the scales ; hav- 
ing the weight ascertained. 2. Considered. 3. a. Expe- 
rienced; [obs.] 

WEIGHER (wa'er), n. 1. One who weighs. 2. An officer 
whose duty is to weigh commodities. 

WEIGHING, ppr. Examining by scales ; considering. 

WEIGHING, n. 1. The act of ascertaining weight. 2. As 
much as is weighed at once. 

WEIGHTNG-€agE, n. A cage in which small living ani- 
mals may be conveniently weighed. — Cyc. ' 

WEIGHTNG-HOUSE, n. A building furnished with a dock 
and other conveniences for weighing commodities and as- 
certaining the tonnage of boats to be used on a canal. 

WEIGHING -MA cIIlNE' (wa'ing-ma-sheen'), n. 1. A ma- 
chine for weighing heavy bodies, and particularly wheel- 
carriages, at turnpike-gates ; [England.] 2. A machine 
for weighing cattle, &c. 

WEIGHT (w&te). n. [Sax. wiht; Sw. vigt.] 1. The quan- 
tity of a body, ascertained by the balance ; gravity. — In 
a strictly pMlosopMSal sense, weight is the measure of the 
force of gravity, and not gravity itself; but the above is 
the popular use. 2. A mass of iron, lead, brass, or other 
met al, to be used for ascertaining the weight of other bod- 

* See Sy?iopsis. a 



ies. 3. A standard of weight ; as, troy weight, apothecaries' 
weight, &c. — 4. In mechanics, that which receives motion; 
opposed to the power which gives motion. 5. A ponderous 
mass ; something heavy. 6. That which weighs down 
and overburdens ; as, a weight of care. 7. That -which is 
highly important, or worthy of consideration ; as, his re- 
marks had great weight. — Syn. Ponderousness ; gravity , 
heaviness ; pressure ; burden ; load ; importance ; power ; 
influence ; efficacy ; consequence ; moment ; impressive 
ness. 

WEIGHTI-LY (wafe-le), adv. 1. Heavily ; ponderously. 
2. With force or impressiveness ; with moral power. 

WEIGHT'I-NESS (wafe-nes), n. 1. Ponderousness ; grav- 
ity ; heaviness. 2. Solidity ; force ; impressiveness ; pow- 
er of convincing. 3. Importance. 

WEIGHTLESS, a. Having no weight ; fight.— Dryden. 

WEIGHTY (ware), a. 1. Having great weight. 2. Import- 
ant ; adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to con- 
vince. 3. Rigorous ; severe ; [obs.] — Syn. Heavy ; pon- 
derous ; burdensome ; onerous ; forcible ; momentous ; 
efficacious. 

WeIR, n. [Sax. war, wer ; D. waaren or weeren.] 1. A dam 
in a river, to stop and raise the water for conducting it to 
a mill, for taking fish, &c. 2. A fence of stakes or twigs, 
set in a stream for taking fish. See, also, Weak. 

WeIRD (weerd), n. A spell. 

WeIRD, a. Skilled in witchcraft.— Shale. 

t WEIVE, for waive.— Gower. 

WELA-WaY, an exclamation expressive of grief or sor- 
row, equivalent to alas. 

WEL'€6ME (wel'kum), a. [Sax. wil-cuma ; well and come.] 
1. Received with gladness ; admitted willingly ; as, a wel- 
come guest. 2. Producing gladness in its reception ; as, a 
welcome present. 3. Free to have or enjoy gratuitously. — 
To bid welcome, to receive with professions of kindness. — 
Syn. Acceptable; agreeable; grateful; pleasing. 

WEL'-GoME is used elliptically for you are welcome. — Wei 
come to our hov-se, an herb. 

WEL'CoME, n. 1. Salutation of a new-comer. 2. Hind re 
ception of a guest or new-comer. — South. 

WEL'COME, v. t. [Sax. wilcumian.] To salute a new-com- 
er with kindness ; or to receive and entertain hospitably, 
gratuitously, and cheerfully. 

WEL'€6Mi?D, pp. Received with gladness and kindness. 

WEL'€6ME-LY, adv. In a welcome manner. — Brown. 

WEL'€6ME-NESS, n. Gratefulness ; agreeableness ; kind 
reception. — Boyle. 

WEL'€6M-ER, n. One who salutes or receives kindly a 
new-comer. — Shak. 

WEL'€6M-ING, ppr. Saluting or receiving with kindness 
a new-comer or guest. 

WELD, In. A plant, the reseda luteola, used by dyers to 

WoLD, > give a yellow color, and sometimes called dyers' 
weed. 

t WELD, v. t. To wield.— Spenser. 

WELD, v. t. [Sw. valla; G.wellen; D. wellen.] To unite 
or hammer into firm union, as two pieces of iron, when 
heated almost to fusion. — Ure. 

WELD'ED, pp. Forged or beat into union in an intense 
heat. 

WELD'ER, n. 1. One who welds iron. 2. A manager ; an 
actual occupant. — Swift ; [obs.] 

WELDTNG, 7i. The* act or process of uniting iron by in- 
tense heat. 

WELD'ING, ppr. Uniting in an intense heat. 

WELD'ING-HeAT, n. The heat necessary for welding 
iron bars. 

WEL'FaRE, n. [well and fare; G. wohlfahrt ; D. welvaart.] 
1. Exemption from misfortune, sickness, calamity, or evil; 
the enjoyment of health and the common blessings of life ; 
[applied to persons.] 2. Exemption from any unusual evil 
or calamity ; the enjoyment of peace and prosperity, or 
the ordinary blessings of society and civil government ; 
[applied to states.] — Syn. Well-being ; prosperity ; happi- 
ness. 

t WEEK, v. i. [G., D. welken.] To decline ; to fade ; to de 
cay ; to fall. 

t WELK, v. t. To contract ; to shorten. — Spenser. 

t WELK.ED (welkt), pp. or a. Contracted into wrinkles or 
ridges. 

WEL'KIN, n. [Sax. wolc, woken ; G. wolke.] The visible 
regions of the air; the vault of heaven. — Milton. [Obso- 
lete, except in poetry.] 

WEL'KIN EYE, in Shakspeare, is interpreted by John-son, a 
blue eye, from welkin, the sky ; by Todd, a rolling eye 
from Sax. wealcan, to roll ; and by Entick, a languishing 
eye. 

WELK'ING, ppr. Fading; declining; contracting 

WELL, 7i. [Sax. well ; D. wel, wellen.] 1. A spring ; a fount 
ain ; the issuing of water from the earth ; [obs.] 2. A pil 
or cylindrical hole, sunk perpendicxilarly into the earth tc 
such a depth as to reach a supply of water, and walled 
with stone to prevent the earth from caving in. — 3. Ir 



I, &c, long.— A, E, t, &c. f short.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE.. BtP.D ;— MoVE, EOOK, 



WEL 



1131 



WEN 



amps, an inclosure in the middle of a ship's hold, around 
the pumps, from the hottom to the lower deck, to pre- 
serve them from damage. — 4. In & fishing vessel, an apart- 
ment in the middle of the hold, made tight at the sides, 
but having holes perforated in the bottom to let in fresh 
water for the preservation of the fish while they are trans- 
ported to market. — 5. In the military art, a hole or exca- 
vation in the earth, in mining, from which run branches 
or galleries. — Cyc. 

WELL'-BoAT, n. A fishing-boat having a well in its hold 
for the reception of fish. 

WELL'-DRaIN, n. A drain or vent for water, somewhat 
like a well or pit, serving to discharge the water of wet 
land. 
WELL'-DRaIN, v. t. To drain land by means of wells or 
pits, which receive the water, and from which it is dis- 
charged by machinery, 
f WELL'-HeAD (-hed), n. A source, spring, or fountain. 

WELL'-HOLE, n. 1. In a flight of stairs, the open space in 
the middle, beyond the ends of the stairs. — Gwilt. 2. A 
cavity which receives a counterbalancing weight in cer- 
tain mechanical contrivances, and also for other purposes. 
— Buchanan. 
WELL-ROOM, 7i. In a boat, a place in the bottom where 
the water is collected, and whence it is thrown out with 
a scoop. 
WELL -SPRING, n. A source of continual supply. 
WELL'-WA-TER, n. The water that flows into a well 

from subterraneous springs ; water drawn from a well. 
WELL, v. i. [Sax. wellan.] To spring; to issue forth, as 

water from the earth. — Dryden. [Little used.] 
f WELL, v. t. To pour forth.— Spenser. 

WELL, a. [Sax. wel or well ; G. wohl ; D. wel ; Sw. val ; 
Dan. vel ; W. gwell.) 1. Being in health ; having a sound 
body, with a regular performance of the natural and prop- 
er functions of all the organs. 2. Fortunate ; convenient ; 
advantageous ; happy. 3. Being in favor. 

WELL, adv. 1. In a proper manner ; justly ; rightly ; not 
ill or wickedly. 2. Skillfully ; with due art. 3. Sufficient- 
ly ; abundantly. 4. Very much ; to a degree that gives 
pleasure. 5. Favorably ; with praise. 6. Conveniently ; 
suitably ; advantageously. 7. To a sufficient degree ; per- 
fectly. 8. Thoroughly ; fully. 9. Fully ; adequately. 10. 
Far. — As well as, together with ; not less than ; one as 
much as the other ; as, a sickness long as well as severe. 
— Well enough, in a moderate degree ; so as to give satis- 
faction, or so as to require no alteration. — Well is him 
seems to be elliptical for well is to him. — To be well of, to 
be in a good condition, especially as to property. — Well is 
prefixed to many words, expressing what is right, fit, laud- 
able, or not defective ; as, zoeZZ-affected ; well-ordered. — 
Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is well, and as an 
expression of satisfaction with what has been said or done ; 
and sometimes it is merely expletive ; as, well, the work 
is done. 

7VELL-A€-€oU'TERED > (-ak-koo'terd), a. Fully furnish- 

WELL-A€-€0U'TR.ED $ ed with arms or dress. 

tVELL-AD-JUSTED, a. Rightly adjusted. 

WELL-IIMED', a. Rightly aimed. 

WELL-ANCH'OREJD, a. Safely moored ; well established. 
— Allen. 

WELL-AP-POINT'ED, a. Thoroughly equipped or pro- 
vided ; as, a ice.ll-appointcd army. 

WELL-AU-THENTIC-A.-TED, a. Supported by good au- 
thority. 

WELL-BAL'ANCED (-bal'anst), a. Rightly balanced. 

WELL'-Be-ING, n. [well and bein g.] Welfare ; happiness ; 
prospei-ity. 

WELL'-BE-L6VJTD' (-luvd' or luv'ed), a. Greatly beloved. 
— Mark, xii. 

WELL'-BORN, a. [well and born.'] Born of a noble or re- 
spectable family ; not of mean birth. — Dryden. 

WELL'-BRED, a. [well and bred.] Educated to polished 
manners ; polite. — Roscommon. 

WELL'-BUILT (-bilt), a. Built in a substantial manner. 

WELL-COM-PLEX'IONED, a. Having a good complexion. 

WELL-€ON-Di"TION.ED, a. Being in a good state. 

WELL-COUCHED' (-kouchf). a. Couched in proper terms. 

WELL-DE-FlNED', a. Truly denned. 

WELL-DE-SCRlBED', a. Truly described. 

WELL-DE-VIS.ED', a. Rightly devised. 

WELL-DI-GEST'ED, a. Fully digested. 

WELL-DIS-CERNED' (-diz-zerndO, a. Rightly discerned. 

WELL-DIS-P0S.ED', a. Rightly disposed. 
WELL'-Do'ER, n. One who performs his moral and social 

duties. 
WELL'-Do'ING, n. A doing well ; performance of duties. 
WELL-DONE' (-dun'), exclam. [well and done.] A word of 

praise ; bravely ; nobly ; in a right manner. 
WELL'-DRAWN, a. Truly drawn. 
WELL-DRESSED' (-dresf), a. Handsomely dressed. 
WELL-ED'U-€a-TED, a. Having a good education. 
WELL-ES-TAB'LISHED (-lisht). a. Firmly established. 



WELL-Fa'VORED, a. Handsome ; well-formed beaua 

ful ; pleasing to the eye. — Gen., xxix. 
WELL-FLa'VORED, a. Having a high flavor. 
WELL-FORMED', a. Formed well. 

WELL-FOUND'ED, a. Founded on good and valid rea- 
sons, or on strong probabilities. 
WELL-GROUND'ED, a. [well and ground.] Well found- 
ed ; having a solid foundation. 
WELL-HUS'BAND-ED, a. Husbanded properly 
WELL-IN-FORM£D', a. Correctly informed. 
WELL-IN-STRUCT'ED, a. Rightly or fully instructed 
WELL-IN-TEND'ED, a. Intended for a good purpose Of 

with upright motives. 
WELL-IN-TENTION.ED, a. Having upright intentions or 

purposes. — Milner. 
WELL'-KNoWN, a. Fully known. 

WELL-MANNERED, a. [well and manner.] Polite ; well- 
bred ; complaisant. — Dryden. 
WELL'-MeAN-ER, n. One whose intention is good. 
WELL'-MeAN-ING, a. Having a good fhtention. 
WELL'-MeANT (-ment), a. Rightly intended. 
WELL-MET', exclam. A term of salutation denoting joy at 

meeting. 
WELL-MIND'ED, a. [well and mind.] Well-disposed; 

having a good mind. 
WELL-MOR'AL-lZ.ED, a. Regulated by good morals. 
WELL'-NI-TURED, a. Good-natured ; kind. 
WELL'-NlGH, adv. Almost ; nearly. 
WELL-OR'DERED, a. Rightly ordered. 
WELL-PUNTED, a. Painted well. 
WELL-POL'1-Ci.ED (-pol'e-sid), a. Having a good pohev. 
WELL-POL'ISHED (-pol'isht), a. Highly polished. 
WELL'-ReAD (-red), a. Having extensive reading. 
WELL-REG'U-LX-TED, a. Having good regulations. 
WELL-SET, a. Having good symmetry of parts. 
WELL'-SET-TLED, a. Fully settled ; well married. 
WELL'-SINK-ER, n. One who digs wells. 
WELL'-SPED, a. Having good success. 
WELL'-SPENT. a. Spent or passed in virtue.— Pope. 
WELL'-SPoK-.EN, a. [well and speak.] 1. Speaking well , 
speaking with fitness or grace ; or speaking kindly. 2. 
Spoken with propriety. 
WELL-ST5R.ED', a. Fully stored. 
WELL'-SWEEP, n. See Sweep. 
WELL-TEMTER.ED, a. Having a good temper. 
WELL-TlMJSD', a. Done at a proper time. 
WELL-TRaINED', a. Correctly trained. 
WELL-TRI.ED', a. Having been fully tried.— Soulhey 
WELL-WILL'ER, n. One who means kindly. 
WELL-WISH', n. A wish of happiness. — Addison. 
WELL-WISHER, n. One who wishes the good of anothei. 

— Addison. 
WELL'A-DaY, alas, Johnson supposes to be a corruption of 

welaway, which see. — Gay. 
WELL'FIRE is now written welfare. 

WELSH, a. [Sax. weallisc] Pertaining to the Welsh nation. 

WELSH, n. 1. The language of Wales or of the Welsh. 

2. The general name of the inhabitants of Wales. The 

word signifies foreigners or wanderers, and was given to 

this people by other nations, probably because they came 

from some distant country. 

WELSH-RAB'BIT, n. [properly rare-bit.] Cheese melted 

into a mass, and usually spread over slices of toasted 

bread. 

WELT, n. [W. gwald.] A small cord covered with cloth 

and sewed, on seams or borders to strengthen them 
WELT, v. t. To furnish with a welt. 
WELTED, pp. or a. Furnished with a welt. 
WEL'TER, v. i. [Sax. wceltan ; Sw. valtra ; G. waken ; Dan. 
vcelter.] To roll, as the body of an animal ; but usually, to 
roll or wallow in some foul matter. — Dryden. 
WEL'TER-ING, ppr. Rolling ; wallowing, as in mire, blood, 

or other filthy matter. 
WELTING, n. The act of putting on a welt, or the welt 

put on. 
t WEM, m. [Sax.] A spot; a scar. — Brercwood. 
t WEM, v. t. [Sax. wemman.] To corrupt. 
WEN, n. [Sax. wenn ; D. wen.] An encysted tumor, which 

is movable, pulpy, and often elastic to the touch. 
WENCH, n. [Sax. wenclc.] 1. A young woman. — Sidney ; 
[rare.] 2. A young woman of ill fame. Frior. — 3. In 
America, a black or colored female servant ; a negress. 
WENCH, v. i. To frequent the company of women of ill 

fame. 
WENCH'-LlKE, a. After the manner of wenches.— Huloet. 
WENCH'ER, n. A lewd man.— Grew. 
WENCHING, ppr. Frequenting women of ill fame. 
WEND, v. i. [Sax. wendan.] 1. To go ; to pass to or from ; 

[obsolete, except in poetry.] 2. To turn round ; [obs.] 
tWEN'NEL, n. A weanel. See Weanel. 
WEN'NISH, )a. [from wen.] Having the nature of a 
WENNY, 3 wen. 
WENT, pret. of the obsolete verb wend. We now arrange 



D6VE —BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



WEZ 



1132 



WHL 



went, in grammar, as the preterit of go, but in origin it has 
no connection with it 

f WENT, n. Way ; course ; path. — Spenser. 

WEPT, pret. and pp. of weep. 

*WERE (wer, but prolonged, when emphatic, into ware). 
This is used as the imperfect tense plural of be ; as, we 
were, you were, they were ; and in some other tenses. It 
is the Danish verb varer, to be, to exist ; Sw. vara, and in 
origin has no connection with be, nor with was. It is unit- 
ed with be, to supply its want of tenses, as went is with go. 

WERE, n, A dam. See Wear. 

WeRE'GILD, n. [Sax. wer, and gild, geld.] Formerly, the 
price of a man's head ; a compensation paid for a man 
killed, partly to the king for the loss of a subject, and 
partly to the lord of the vassal, and partly to the next 
of kin. 

WER-Ne'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to. Werner, the German 
mineralogist and geologist, who classified minerals ac- 
cording to their external characters, and advocated the 
theory that the Strata of the earth's crust were formed by 
depositions from water. 

WER'NER-iTE, n. The same mineral with scapolite, 
which see. 

WERT, the second person singular of the subjunctive im- 
perfect tense of be. See Were. 

WERTH, ) in names, signifies a farm, court, or village, from 

WORTH, 5 Sax. weorthig.—Lye, Diet. 

f We'SIL, for weasand. 

WES'LEY-AN, n. One belonging to the sect of Arminian 
Methodists, founded by John Wesley. 

WES'LEY-AN, a. Belonging to the Wesleyans, or to Wes- 
leyanism. 

WES'LEY-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine and discipline of the 
Wesleyan Methodists, a sect founded by John Wesley. 

WEST, n. [Sax., D., G. west ; Dan. vest ; Sw. vester ; Fr. 
ouest] 1. In strictness, that point of the horizon midway 
between the north and south points, on the side where 
the heavenly bodies set ; opposed to east. In a looser sense, 
the part of the hemisphere near this point. ■ 2. A country 
situated in the region toward the sunsetting, with respect 
to another. 

WEST, a. 1. Being in a line toward the point in the hori- 
zon midway between the north and south points, on the 
side where the sun sets ; or, m a looser sense, being in the 
region near the line of direction toward that point, either 
on the earth or in the heavens. 2. Coming or moving 
from the west or western region ; as, a west wind. 

WEST, adv. To the western region ; at the westward ; 
more westward ; as, Ireland lies west of England. 

f WEST, v. i. To pass to the west ; to set, as the sun. 

S WEST'ER-ING, a. Passing to the west.— Milton. 

WEST'ER-LY, a. 1. Being toward the west; situated in 
the western region. 2. Moving from the westward, as 
a wind. 

WEST'ER-LY, adv. Tending toward the west. 

WEST'ERN, a. [west, and Sax. am.] 1. Being in the west, 
or in the region nearly in the direction of west ; being in 
that quarter where the sun sets. 2. Moving in a line to 
the part where the sun sets. 

WESTTNG, n. Space or distance westward, or departure 
westward. 

WEST'WARD, adv. [Sax. westweard ; west and weard.] 
Toward the west. 

WEST'WARD-LY, adv. In a direction toward the west. 

WET, a. [Sax. wcet ; Sw. vaXa ; Dan. vade.] 1. Containing 
water ; as, wet land ; or having water or other liquid upon 
the surface ; as, a wet table. 2. Rainy. 

WET, n. 1. Water or wetness ; moisture or humidity in 
considerable degree. 2. Rainy weather ; foggy or misty 
weather. 

WET, v. t. ; pret. and pp. wet ; but wetted is sometimes used. 
[Sax. watan ; Sw. vita ; Dan. vader.] 1. To fill or moist- 
en with water or other liquid ; to sprinkle or humectate ; 
to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to the sur- 
face ; to dip or soak in liquor. 2. To moisten with 
drink. 

WET'-NTJRSE, n. A nurse who suckles a child. 

WET'-SHOD, a. Wet over the shoes.— Mirror for Magis- 
trates. 

WETH'ER, n. [Sax. wether or wedder.] A ram castrated. 

WETNESS, n. 1. The state of being wet, either by being 
soaked or filled with liquor, or by having a liquid adherent 
to the surface. 2. A watery or moist state of the atmo- 
sphere ; a state of being rainy, foggy, or misty. 

WETTISH, a. Somewhat wet ; moist ; humid. 

WEX, v. t. or i. To grow ; to wax. See Wax. [Not to be 
used.] 

WEY, n. [from weigh.] A certain quantity. — In England, 
a weigh of wool is 6$ tods, or 182 lbs. ; a weigh of butter or 
eheese varies from 2 to 3 cwt. ; a weigh of corn or salt is 
40 bushels ; a weigh of oats or barley, 48 bushels, &c. — 
M'Culloch.— Cyc. 

WE'ZAND, for we.asand. See the latter. 



[Note. — In words beginning with wh, the letter tx. or aspirate, 
when both letters are pronounced, precedes the sound oj w. 
Thus, what, when, are pronounced hwat, hwen. So they 
were written by our ancestors, and so they ought to be written 
still, as they are by the Danes and Swedes.} 

WHACK, v. t. To strike. [A vulgar word.} 

WHaLE (hwale), n. [Sax. hwal, hwal ; G. wallfisch : D. wal 
visch ; Sw., Dan. hval] The general name of an order of 
animals inhabiting the ocean, arranged in zoology under 
the name of cete, or cetacea, and belonging to the class mam- 
malia, in the Linnasan system. The Greenland whale is of 
the genus bala.ua. When fully grown, it is from 50 to 65 
or 70 feet in length, and from 30 to 40 feet in its greatest 
circumference. It is valued for the oil and whalebone ob 
tamed from it. 

WHaLE'-BoAT, n. A long and sharp-built boat used by 
whalemen. 

WHXLE'-FISH-ER-Y, n. The fishery or occupation of tak 
ing whales. 

WHaLE'BoNE, n. A firm, elastic substance taken from the 
upper jaw of the whale. 

WH ILE'MAN, n. A man employed in the whale-fishery. 

WHaL'ER, n. A ship employed in the whale-fishery. 

WHILTNG, n. The business of taking whales. 

WHALL, \n. A greenish white state of the eyes. See 

WHAUL, 5 Wall-eye. 

WHALL' Y, a. Having greenish white eyes. SeeWALL-EYB. 

WHaME, n. A species of fly, tabanus, the burrel-fly. 

t WHANG, n. [Sax. thwang.} A leather thong. 

WHANG, v. t. To beat. — Grose. [Not in use, or local.} 

WHAP, n. A blow. See Awhap. [ Vulgar.] 

WHAP'PER (hwop'per), n. Something uncommonly large 
of the kind ; applied particularly to an enormous lie.- 
Brockett. [ Vulgar.] 

WHARF (hworf), n. [Sax. hwarf, hweorf; D. werf; Dan 
verf; Russ. vorph. In the plural, wharfs and wharves are 
both used.] A perpendicular bank or mound of timber, 
or stone and earth, raised on the shore of a harbor, river, 
canal, &c., or extending some distance into the water, for 
the convenience of lading and unlading ships and other 
vessels. 

WHARF, v. t. To guard or secure by a wharf or firm wall 
of timber or stone. 

WHARF' AGE, n. The fee or duty paid for the privilege of 
using a wharf for loading or unloading goods, &c. 

WHARF'ING (hworf 'ing), n. Wharfs in general. 

WHARF'IN-GER, n. A man who has the care of a wharf 
or the proprietor of a wharf. 

WHAT (hwot), pronoun relative, or substimte. [Sax. hwat , 
Goth, waiht ; D. wat ; G. was ; Dan., Sw. hvad ; Scot, quhat.] 
1. That which ; as, do what you will. 2. Which part ; he 
knows not what to choose. 3. What is the substitute for a 
sentence or clause of a sentence. 4. What is used as an 
adjective of both genders, often in specifying sorts or par- 
ticulars ; as, see what colors this silk exhibits. 5. What is 
much used in asking questions. 6. What time, at the time 
or on the day when. 7. To how great a degree. 8. What- 
ever. 9. Some part, or some. 10. What is sometimes 
used elliptically for what is this ? or how is this ? 11. What 
is used interrogatively and elliptically, as equivalent to 
what will be the consequence ? — What though, that is, grant 
this or that ; allow it to be so. — What ho, an exclamation 
of calling. 

t WHAT, n. Fare ; things ; matter. — Spenser. 

WHAT-E V'ER, pron. [what and ever.} 1. Being this or that , 
being of one nature or another ; being one thing or anoth- 
er ; any thing that may be ; as, whatever is read, let it be 
read with attention. 2. All that ; the whole that ; all par- 
ticulars that. 

WHAT-SO-EV'ER. a compound of what, so, and ever, has the 
sense of whatever, and is less used than the latter. Indeed, 
it is nearly obsolete. — Whatso, in a like sense, is entirely 
obsolete. 

WHeAL, n. A pustule. See Weal. 

WHeAT, n. [Sax. hwate ; Goth, hwit ; G. weitzen ; Sw.hvete, 
Dan. hvede ; D. weit.] A plant of the genus triticum, and 
the seed of the plant, which furnishes a white flour for 
bread, and, next to rice, is the grain most generally used 
bythe human race. 

WHeAT-BiRD, n. A bird that feeds on wheat. 

WHeAT'-eAR, n. A small bird common in Europe, allied 
to the stonechat and whinchat ; called, also, white-tail and 
fallow-finch. 

WHeAT'-FLy, n. A name given to several insects injuri- 
ous to wheat, including the Hessian fly, wheat-moth, &c— 
E. C. Herrick. 

WHe AT'-MOTH, n. An insect whose grubs devour wheat 
chiefly after it is harvested. 

WHeAT'-PLUM, n. A sort of plum. 

WHeAT'.EN (hweef n), a. Made of wheat.— Pope. 

WHEE'DLE (hwee'dl), v. t. To entice by soft words.— Syv 
To flatter ; coax ; cajole. 

WHEE'DLE, v. i. To flatter ; to coax. 



See Synopsis jL.2,1, &c„ hng.—l, E, 1 , &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiNE. BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK, 



WHE 



1133 



WH1 



WHEEDLED, pp. Flattered ; enticed ; coaxed. 
WHEE1)LE]l, n. One who wheedles. 
WHEE'DLING, ppr. Flattering ; enticing by soft words. 
WHEEDLING, n. The act of nattering or enticing. 
WHEEL, n. [Sax. hweol, hweohl, hweogl, hweogul ; D. wiel ; 
Sw. hiul.] 1. A circular frame of wood, iron, or other 
metal, consisting of a nave or hub, into which are inserted 
spokes, which sustain a rim or felly, or of a solid circular 
piece of wood or metal, the whole turning on an axis. 
The wheel and axle, or wheel and axis, constitute one of 
the mechanical powers. See Axis, No. 4. 2. A circular 
body. 3. A carriage that moves on wheels. 4. An instru- 
ment for torturing criminals. 5. A machine for spinning 
thread of various kinds. 6. Rotation ; revolution ; turn. 
7. A turning about ; a compass. — 8. In pottery, a round 
board turned by a lathe in a horizontal position, on which 
the clay is shaped by the band. — 9. In ships, a large circu- 
lar frame having handles on the periphery, and connected 
by tiller-ropes with the. rudder for the purpose of steering 
the ship. 
WHEEL, v. t. 1. To convey on wheels. 2. To put into a 

rotary motion ; to ciuse to turn round. 
WHEEL, v. i. 2. To torn on an axis. 2. To turn ; to move 

round. 3. To fetch a compass. 4. To roll forward. 
WHEEL'-AN-I-MAL, \n. One of a class of animal- 

WHEEL'-AN-LMAL'GULE, 3 cules, with arms for taking 

their prey, resembling wheels ; a rotifer. 
WHEEL'-BAR-RoW, n. [wheel and barrow.} A light frame 
with a box for conveying articles, supported by one wheel 
and rolled by a single man. 
WHEEL' EoAT, n. [wheel and boat.] A boat with wheels, 

to be used either on water or upon inclined planes. 
WHEEL'-CAR-RIAGE, n. [wheel and carriage.} A carriage 

moved on wheels. 
WHEEL'-RaCE, n. The place in which a water-wheel is 
placed. — Francis. 
YHEEL'-SHaP£D (hweel'-shapte), a. In botany, rotate ; 
monopetalous, expanding into a flat border at top, with 
scarcely any tube. 
VHEEL'-WRlGHT (hweel'-rite), n. [wheel and wright.] A 
man whose occupation is to make wheels and wheel-car- 
riages, as carts and wagons. 
VHEEL£D, pp. Conveyed on wheels ; turned ; rolled 
round 

WHEEL'ER, n. A maker of wheels. 
WHEELING, ppr. Conveying on wheels or in a wheel- 
carriage ; turning. 
vVHEEL'ING, n. 1. The act of conveying on wheels. 2. 
The act of passing on wheels, or convenience for passing 
on wheels. 3. A turning or circular movement of troops 
imbodied. 
WHEEL'Y, a. Circular ; suitable to rotation. — Phillips. 
WHEEZE, v. i. [Sax. hweosan ; Sw. hes ; Dan. hvceser.} To 
breathe hard and with an audible sound, as persons af- 
fected with asthma. — Swift. 
WHEEZ'ING, ppr. Breathing with difficulty and noise. 
WHEEZING, n. The act of breathing with difficulty and 

noise. 
WHELK (hwelk), n. 1. A wrinkle ; inequality on the sur- 
face ; protuberance ; a pustule. 2. A mollusk, the bucci- 
num undatum, with a shell univalvular, spiral, and gibbous, 
and an oval aperture ending in a short canal or gutter. 
Whelks are much used for food in England. 
WHELK£D (hwelkt). .See Welked. 
WHELK'Y, a. Protuberant ; embossed ; rounded. — Spenser. 
WHELM, v. t. [Sax. ahwylfan ; Goth, hulyan ; Ice. wilma or 
hwilma.] 1. To cover with water or other fluid ; to cover 
by immersion in something that envelops on all sides. 2. 
To cover completely ; to immerse deeply ; to overburden. 
3. To throw over so as to cover ; [obs.] 
WHELMED, pp. Covered, as by being immersed. 
.WHELMING, ppr. Covering, as by immersion. 
WHELP, n. [Dan. hvalp ; Sw. valp ; D. welp.] 1. The young 
of the canine species, and of several other beasts of prey, 
as lions, bears, &c. ; a puppy. 2. A son ; [in contempt.] — 
Shah. 3. A young man ; [in contempt.] — Addison. 
WHELP, v. i. To bring forth young, as the female of the 

canine species and some other beasts of prey. — Boyle. 
WHEN, adv. [Goth, hwan ; Sax. hwtznne ; G. wenn.] 1. At 
the time. 2. At what time ; [interrogatively.] 3. Which 
time. 4. Alter the time that. 5. At what time. — When as, 
at the time when ; what time. — Milton ; [obs.] 
WHENCE, adv. [Sax. hwanon] 1. From what place. 2. 
From what source. 3. From which premises, principles, 
or facts. 4. How ; by what way or means. Mark, xii.— 
5. In general, from which person, cause, place, principle, 
or circumstance. — From whence may be considered as 
tautological, from being implied in whence ; but the use is 
well authorized. — Of whence is not now used. 
WHENCE-EV'ER, adv. See Whensoever. 
WHENCE-SO-EV'ER, adv. [whence, so, and ever.} From 

what place soever ; from what cause or source soever. 
WHEN-EV'ER, adv. [when and ever.} At whatever time. 



WHEN-SO-EV'EE, adv. [when, so, and ever.] At v bat time 

soever ; at whatever time. — Locke. 
WHERE (hware), adv. [Sax.hwar; Goth, hwar; Sw.hvar, 
D. waar.) 1. At which place or places. 2. At or in what 
place. 3. At the place in which. 4. Whither ; to what 
place, or from what place. — Any where, in any place. 
WHERE-A-BOUT', adv. [where and about.} 1. Near what 
place. 2. Near which place. — Shah. 3. Concerning which. 
Whereabouts is also used. 
WHERE-AS' (hware-az'), adv. [where and as.} 1. When in 
fact or truth; [implying opposition to something that pre- 
cedes.} 2. The thing being so that ; considering that things 
are so ; [implying an admission of facts.} 3. Whereat ; at 
which place.— Spenser ; [obs.] 4. But on the contrary. 
WHERE-AT', adv. [wlierP&nd at.] 1. At which. 2. At what . 

[interrogatively.] 
WHERE-BY', adv. [where and by.] 1. By which.— Shak. 2 

By what. — Luke, i. ; [interrogatively.] 
*WHERE'FORE, adv. [where and for.} 1. For which rea 
son. 2. Why ; for what reason. 

WHERE-IN', adv. [where and in.} 1. In which ; in which 
thing, time, respect, book, &c. 2. In what. 

t WHERE-LN-To', adv. [where and into.] Into which.— 
Bacon. 

f WHERE'NESS, n. Ubiety ; imperfect locality. 

WHERE-OF', adv. [where and of] 1. Of which ; as, we are 
not guilty of the crime whereof we are accused. 2. Of 
what; [obs.] 

WHERE-ON',' adv. [where and on.] 1. On which. 2. On 
what; [obs.] 

t WHERE'SO, adv. See Wheresoever. 

WHERE-SO-E VER, adv. [where, so, and ever.] In what place 
soever ; in whatever place, or in any place indefinitely. 

t WHERETHROUGH (-throo), adv. Through which. 

WHERE-To', adv. [where and to.] 1 To which. 2. Tc 
what ; to what end ; [little used.] 

WHERE-UN-TO', adv. The same as whereto. [Little used: 

WHERE-UP-ON', adv. Upon which.— Clarendon. 

WHERE-EV'ER, adv. [where and ever.] At whatever place. 

WHERE- WITH', adv. [where and with.] 1. With which. 2 
With what ; [interrogatively.] 

WHERE-WITH-AL', adv. The same as wherewith. 

WHERN, 7i. Probably a variation of quern. — Dr. Clarke. 

WHER'RET, v. t. [G. wirren. Qu.] To hurry ; to trouble 
to tease ; to give a box on the ear. [Low.] 

t WHER'RET, n. A box on the exr.—Beaum. and Fletcher 

WHER'RY, n. [a different orthography of ferry.} A shallow 
light boat, built very sharp at both ends, for fast rowing ot 
sailing, especially in tide rivers. — Herbert. The term has 
also been applied to some decked vessels used in fishing 
2. A liquor made from the pidp of crabs after the verjuice 
is expressed ; sometimes called crab-wherry ; [local.] 

WHET (hwet) v. t. ; pret. and pp. whetted or whet. [Sax. hwct- 
tan ; D. wetten.] 1. To rub for the purpose of sharpening, 
as an edge tool ; to sharpen by attrition. 2. To provoke ; 
to excite ; to stimulate. 3. To provoke ; to make angry 
or acrimonious. — To whet on, or whet forward, to urge on ; 
to instigate. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

WHET, n. 1. The act of sharpening by friction. 2. Some- 
thing that provokes or stimulates the appetite.— Spectator. 

WHETHER, pronoun or substitute. [Sax. hwather.] 1. 
Which of two. 2. When classed among adverbs, it retains 
its original character, and denotes which of two alterna- 
tives, expressed by a sentence or the clause of a sentence, 
and followed by or ; as, " resolve whether you will go or 
not ;" that is, you will go or not go ; resolve which. 

WHETH'ER-LNG, n. The retention of the after-birth in 
cows. — Gardner. 

WHETSTONE, n. [whet and stone.] A stone used for 
sharpening edged instruments by friction. 

WHETSToNE-SLITE, ) n. Novaculite, a variety of slate 

WHET'-SLaTE, 5 used for sharpening instru- 

ments of iron. The best are brought from Turkey, and 
called hone-stones. 

WHETTED, pp. Rubbed for sharpening ; sharpened ; pro- 
voked ; stimulated. 

WHETTER, n. He or that which whets or sharpens. 

WHETTING, ppr. Rubbing for the purpose of making 
sharp ; sharpening ; provoking ; inciting. 

WHEW'ER, n. Another name of the widgeon. [Local.] 

WHEY (hwa), n. [Sax. hwteg ; D. wei or hui.] The serum 
or watery part of milk, separated from the more thick or 
coagulable part, particularly in the process of making 
cheese. 

WHEY'-TUB, n. A tub in which whey stands for yielding 
cream, &c. — Cyc. 

WHEYTEY, a. Partaking of whey ; resembling whey. 

WHEY'ISH, a. Having the qualities of whey.— Phillips. 

WHICH (hwich), pron. relative, or substitute, [qu. Sax 
hwile ; G. welcher ; D. welk.] 1. A pronoun or word of in 
terrogation in all genders ; as, which man is it ? which 
woman was it? which is the house? '£ In reference to 
things, or in the neuter gender, it is a relative referring tc 



Do VE -—BULL UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



WHI 



1134 



WHI 



something before mentioned ; as, " God rested on the sev- 
enth day from all his work which he had made." — Gen., ii, 
2. In some phrases, the relative may precede the noun to 
which it refers. — 3. Which, like other pronouns, may be 
used as a substitute for another word or for a sentence. 
" We are bound to obey all the Divine commands, which 
we can not do without Divine aid." Here which is a sub- 
stitute for obey all the Divine commands. The man was 
said to be innocent, which he was not. Here which is a 
substitute for innocent. 4. That which ; those which ; as, 
take which you will. — The which, by the which, &c, are ob- 
solete. 

WfflCH Jo-EV'ER, \p ron - Whether one or the other. 

WHIFF (hwif), n. [W. cwif] 1. f*sudden expulsion of air 
from the mouth ; a puff.— 2. In ichthyology^ a flat-fish of 
the turbot groups. 

WHIFF, v. t. To puff; to throw out in whiffs ; to consume 
in whiffs. 

WHIF'FLE (hwiffl), v. i. [D. weifelen ; G. zweifeln.} To 
start, shift, and turn ; to change from one opinion or course 
to another ; to use evasions ; to prevaricate ; to be fickle 
and unsteady. 

WHIF'FLE, v. t. To disperse with a puff; to scatter. 

WHIF'FLE, n. Anciently, a file or small flute. 

WHIF'FLER, n. 1. One who whiffles or frequently changes 
his opinion or course ; one who uses shifts and evasions 
in argument. 2. An officer who went before processions 
to clear the way by blowing the horn or trumpet. 3. A 
young man who goes before a company in London on oc- 
casions of public solemnity. — Cyc. 

WHIF'FLING, ppr. Shifting and turning ; prevaricating ; 
shuffling. 

WHIF'FLING, n. Prevarication. 

WHIG (hwig), n. [Sax. hwtzg. See Whey.] Acidulated 
whey, sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs ; 
used as a cooling beverage. [Local.] 

WHIG, n. [Ash, in his dictionary, informs us that this word 
is from whiggam, a term used in Scotland in driving horses ; 
whiggamor, one who drives horses. In 1648 a party of 
these people marched to Edinburgh to oppose the king and 
the Duke of Hamilton, and hence the name of whig was 
given to the party opposed to the court.] One of a polit- 
ical party which had its origin in England in the seven- 
teenth century, in the reign of Charles I. or II. Those 
who supported the king in his high claims were called to- 
nes, and the advocates of popular rights were called whigs. 
During the revolution in the United States, the friends and 
supporters of the war and the principles of the revolution 
were called whigs, and those who opposed them were 
called tories and royalists. 

WHIG, a. Pertaining to or composed of whigs. 

WHIG'GaR-CHY, n. Government by whigs.— Swift. [Cant.] 

WHIG'GER-Y, n. The principles of a whig. 

WHIG'GISH, a. Pertaining to whigs ; partaking of the prin- 
ciples of whisrs. — Swift. 

WHIG'GISM, n. The principles of a whig.— Swift. 

WHILE (while), n. [Sax. hwile; Goth, hweila ; G. weil ; Dan. 
hvile.] Time ; space of time, or continued duration. — 
Worth while, worth the time which it requires ; worth the 
time and pains, ; hence, worth the expense. 

WHILE, adv. 1. During the time that. 2. As long as. — 
Watts. 3. At the same time that. — Pope. 

WHILE, v. t. [W. cwylaw; Dan. hviler; Sw. hvila.] To 
while away, as time, in English, is to loiter ; or, more gen- 
erally, to cause time to pass away pleasantly, without irk- 
someness. 

WHILE, v. i. To loiter.— Spectator. 

\ WHiL'ERE, adv. [while and ere.] A little while ago. 

WHlL'ING, ppr. Loitering ; passing time agreeably, with- 
out impatience or tediousness. 

WHILK, n. A kind of shell or shell-fish. See Whelk. 

t WHi'LOM, adv. [Sax. hwilon.] Formerly ; once ; of old. 
— Spenser. 

WHILST, adv. The same as while, which see. Whiles is 
not used. 

WHIM, n. [Ice. hwima ; W. cwim.] 1. Properly, a sudden 
turn or start of the mind ; a capricious notion. 2. A low 
wit ; [a cant word.] 3. A machine worked by horses, for 
raising water from the bottom of mines. — Syn. Whimsey ; 
freak ; caprice; fancy. 

WHIM'-WHAM, n. [a ludicrous reduplication of whim.] A 
plaything ; a toy ; an odd device ; a strange fancy. 

WHIM'BREL, n. A bird closely allied to the curlew, and re- 
sembling it in its appearance and habits. — P. Cyc. 

WHIM'PER, v. i. [G. wimmern.] To cry with a low, whin- 
ing, broken voice ; as, a child whimpers. — Locke. 

WHIM'PER-ING, ppr. Crying with a low, broken voice. 

WHIM'PER-ING, n. A low, muttering cry. 

WHIM'PLED, a. A word used by Shakspeare, perhaps a 
mistake for whimpered , distorted with crying. 

WHIM'SE Y (hwim'ze), n. A whim ; a freak ; a capricious 
notion ; as, the whimseys of poets. — Swift 



WHIM'SEY, v. t. To fill with whims.— Eeaum. and FL 
WHIM'SI-CAL, a. Full of whims ; having odd fancies. 
Addison. — Syn. Freakish ; capricious ; fanciful ; fantaa 
tical. 

WHIM'SI-€AL-LY, adv. In a whimsical manner; freak 
ishly. 

WHIM'SI-GAL-NESS, 7 n. Freakishness ; whimsical dispo- 

WHIM-SI-€AL'I-TY, 5 sition ; odd temper. 

WHIN, n. [In W. cwyn is a weed ; L. genista spinosa.] 
Gorse ; furze ; a plant of the genus ulex. — Lee. 

WHIN -AX, n. [whin and ax.] An instrument used for ex- 
tirpating whin from land. — Cyc. 

WHIN'-CHAT, n. A small singing bird, a species of war- 
bler common in Europe. 

WHIN'-SToNE, n. [whin and stone; Scot, quhyn-stane.] 
Whin-stone, or whin, is a provincial name given to basaltic 
rocks, and applied by miners to any kind of dark-colored 
and hard, unstratified rock, which resists the pick. 

WHIN'- YARD, n. A sword ; [in contempt.] — Hudibras. 

WHiNE (hwine), v. t. [Sax. wanian and cwanian ; Goth. 
hwainon ; Dan. hviner.] To express murmurs by a plain- 
tive cry ; to moan with a puerile noise ; to murmur 
meanly. 

WHiNE, n. A plaintive tone ; the nasal, puerile tone of 
mean complaint ; mean or affected complaint. — Rowe. 

WHlN'ER, n. One who whines. 

WHiNTNG, ppr. or a. Expressing murmurs by a mean, 
plaintive tone or cant. 

WHlN'ING-LY, adv. In a whining manner. 

WHIN'NY, v. i. [L. hinnio.] To utter the sound of a horse ; 
to neigh. 

WHIN'NY, a. Abounding in whins. — Nicolson and Burn. 

WHIN'OCK.n. [G.wenig.] The small pig of a litter. [Ne* 
England.] 

WHIP (hwip), v. t. [Sax. hweopan ; D. wippen, zweepen ; Dan, 
vipper.] 1. To strike with a lash or sweeping cord. 2. 
To sew slightly. 3. To drive with lashes. 4. To punish 
with the whip. 5. To lash with sarcasm. 6. To strike ; 
to thrash ; to beat out, as grain, by striking. — To whip about 
or round, to wrap ; to inwrap. Moxon. — To whip out, to 
draw nimbly ; to snatch. — To whip from, to take away sud- 
denly. — To whip into, to thrust in with a quick motion.— 
To whip up, to seize or take up with a quick motion. 

WHIP, v. i. To move nimbly ; to start suddenly and run ; 
or to turn and run. 

WHIP, n. [Sax. hweop.] 1. An instrument for driving horses 
or other teams, or for correction, consisting of a lash tied 
to a handle or rod. 2. A coachman or driver of a car- 
riage ; as, a good whip. B. D' Israeli. — 3. In ships, a small 
tackle with a single rope, used to hoist light bodies.— Whip 
and spur, with the utmost haste. 

WHIP'-CORD, n. A kind of hard twisted or braided cord 
of which lashes have sometimes been made. 

WHIP'-GRXFT, v. t. To graft by cutting the cion and stock 
in a sloping direction, so as to fit each other, and by in- 
serting a tongue on the cion into a slit in the stock. 

WHIP'-GRXFT-ING, n. The act or practice of grafting by 
cutting the cion and stock with a slope, to fit each other. 

WHIP'-HAND, n. Advantage over. — Dry den. 

WHIP'-LASH, n. The lash of a whip.— Tusser. 

WHIP'-SAW, n. A saw usually set in a frame for dividing 
timber lengthwise, and commonly worked by two pel suns. 

WHIP'-STaFF, n. [whip and staff.] In ships, a bar by which 
the rudder is turned. 

WHIP'-STITCH, v. t. [whip and stitch.] In agriculture, to 
half plow or to rafter land. 

WHIP'-STOCK, n. [whip and stock.] The rod or staff to 
which the lash of a whip is fastened. 

WHIPPJSD (hwipt), pp. Struck with a whip; punished; 
inwraped ; sewed slightly. 

WHIP'PER, n. One who whips ; particularly, an officer 
who inflicts the penalty of legal whipping. 

WHIP'PER-IN, n. 1. Among huntsmen, one who keeps the 
hounds from wandering, and whips them in, if necessary, 
to the fine of chase. — Hence, 2. In the British House of 
Commons, one who enforces party discipline among the 
supporters of the ministry, and urges their attendance on 
all questions of importance to the government. 

WHIP'PER-SNAP'PER, n. A diminutive, insignificant per- 
son. — Brockett. 

WHIP'PING, ppr. Striking with a whip ; punishing with a 
whip ; inwrapping. 

WHIP'PING, n. The act of striking with a whip, or of pun- 
ishing ; the state of being whipped. 

WFIIP'PING-PoST, n. [whipping and post.] A post to 
which offenders are tied when whipped. 

WHIP'PLE-TREE, n. [whip and tree ; but qu., is it not 
whiffle-tree ?] The bar to which the traces or tugs of a 
harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plow, o 
harrow, or other implement is drawn. — Forby. 

WHIP'PO-WIL, n. The popular name of an American 
bird, allied to the night-hawk and night-jar, so called fron; 
its note, or the sounds of its voice. [Not whip-poor-will] 



See Synopsis, a, K, T, &c, long.— X, E, 1, &.c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARZNE, BIRD ;— MS VE, BOOK. 



WHI 



1135 



WHI 



WHIP'STER, n. A nimble fellow.- Prior. 
WHIPT, pp. of whip; sometimes used for whipped. 
WHIR, (whur), v. i. To whir round with noise ; to fly with 

noise. 
WHiR, v. t. To hurry. 

WHIRL (hwurl), v. t. [Sax. hwyrfan ; D. wervelen ; G. wir- 
beln ; Dan. hvirveler.] To turn round rapidly ; to turn 
with velocity. — Syn. To turn ; twirl ; revolve ; wheel. 
WHtRL, v. i. 1. To he turned round rapidly; to move 

round with velocity. 2. To move hastily. — Dryden. 
VVHiRL, n. [G. wirbel ; Dan. hvirvel] 1. A turning with 
rapidity or velocity ; rapid rotation or circumvolution ; 
quick gyration. 2. Any thing that moves or is turned 
with velocity, particularly on an axis or pivot. 3. A hook 
used in twisting. — 4. In botany and conchology, see Whorl. 
WHiRL'-BAT, n. [whirl and bat.] Any thing moved with 
a whiil as preparatory for a blow, or to augment the force 
of it. 
WHIRL'-BL AST, n. A whirling blast of wind. 
WHiRL'-BoNE, n. [whirl and bone.} The patella ; the cap 

of the knee ; the knee-pan. — Ainsworth. 
tWHiRL'-PIT, n. A whirlpool. 

WHtRLJED (hwurld), pp. Turned round with velocity. 
WHtRL/I-GIG, n. [whirl and gig.} 1. A toy which children 
spin or whirl round. — 2. In military antiquities, an instru- 
ment for punishing petty offenders, as sutlers, brawling 
women, &c. ; a kind of wooden cage turning on a pivot, 
in which the offender was whirled round with great ve- 
locity. 
WHIRLING, ppr. Turning or moving round with velocity. 
WHiRLTNG-Ta-BLE, n. A machine contrived for repre- 
senting several phenomena of centrifugal force, by giving 
bodies a rapid rotation. — Brande. 
WHiRL'POOL, n. [whirl and pool.] An eddy of water ; a 

vortex or gulf where the water moves round in a circle. 
WHiRL'WIND, n. [whirl and wind.] A violent wind mov- 
ing in a circle round its axis. 
WHiR/RING, n. The sound of a partridge's or pheasant's 

wings. 
WHISK, n. [G., D. wisch.] 1. A small bunch of grass, straw, 
hair, or the like, used for a brush ; hence, a brush or small 
besom. 2. A small culinary instrument for whisking cer- 
tain articles, as the whites of eggs, &c. 3. Part of a wom- 
an's dress ; a kind of tippet. 
WHISK, v. t. 1. To sweep, brush, or agitate with a light, 
rapid motion. 2. To move with a quick, sweeping motion. 
WHISK, v. i. To move nimbly and with velocity. 
WHISK'ER, n. Long hair growing on the human cheek. 
WHISK'ER-ED (hwisk'erd), a. Formed into whiskers ; fur- 
nished with whiskers. 
WHISK'ET, a. A basket. [Local] 
WHISKING, ppr. Brushing; sweeping along ; moving with 

velocity along the surface. 
WHIS'KY, n. [Ir. uisge, water, whence usquebaugh; W. 
wysg.] 1. A spirit distilled from grain. 2. A light car- 
riage for rapid motion. 
WHIS'PER (hwis'per), v. i. [Sax. hwisprian ; Dan. hvisker ; 
Sw. hvisha.] 1. To speak with a low, hissing, or sibilant 
voice. 2. To speak with suspicion or timorous caution. 
3. To plot secretly ; to devise mischief. 
WHIS'PER, v.t. 1. To address in a low voice. 2. To ut- 
ter in a low, sibilant voice. 3. To prompt secretly. 
WHIS'PER, n. 1. A low, soft, sibilant voice ; or words ut- 
tered with such a voice. 2. A cautious or timorous 
speech. 3. A hissing or buzzing sound. 
WHISTER.ED (hwis'perd), pp. Uttering in a low voice ; 

uttered with suspicion or caution. 
WHIS'PER-ER, 7i. 1. One who whispers. 2. A tattler; 
one who tells secrets ; a conveyer of intelligence secretly. 
3. A backbiter ; one who slanders secretly. — Prov., xvi. 
WHIS'PER-ING, ppr. or a. Speaking in a low voice ; tell- 
ing secretly ; backbiting. — A whispering gallery, or dome, 
is one in which whispers or feeble sounds are conveyed 
to a greater distance than under ordinary circumstances. 
— Brande. 
WHIS'PER-ING, 7?.. The act of speaking with a low voice ; 
the telling of tales, and exciting of suspicions ; a back- 
biting. 
WHIS'PER-ING-LY, adv. In a low voice. 
WHIST, a. [Corn, huist.] Silent ; mute ; still ; not speak- 
ing ; not making a noise. — Milton. 
i WHIST, v. t. To hush or silence. Spenser. — Wlrist is used 

for be silent. Whist, whist, that is, be silent. 
WHIST, n. A game at cards, so called because it requires 

silence or close attention. 
WHISTLE (hwis'l), v. i. [Sax. hwistlan ; Sw. hvissla ; Dan. 
hvidsler.] 1. To utter a kind of musical sound, by press- 
ing the breath through a small orifice formed by contract 
ing the lips. 2. To make a sound with a small wind in- 
strument. 3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe. 
WHIS'TLE, v. t. 1. To form, utter, or modulate by whis- 
tling. 2. To call by a whistle. 
WHIS'TLE, n. [Sax. hwistle ; L. fistula.] 1. A small wind 



instrument. 2. The sound made by a small wind instru- 
ment. 3. Sound made by pressing the breath through a 
6mall orifice of the lips. 4. The "mouth; the organ of 
whistling; [vulgar.] 5. A small pipe, used by a boat- 
Bwain to summon the sailors to their duty ; the boat- 
swain's call. 6. The shrill sound of wind3 passing among 
trces or through crevices, &c. 7. A call, 6uch as sports- 
men use to their dogs. 

WHISTLE-FISH, n. A local name of a species of the cod 
family, called the three-bearded rockling or sea-loach. 

WHISTLED (hwisld), pp. Sounded with a pipe ; uttered . 
in a whistle. 

WHISTLER, n. One who whistles. 

WHISTLING, ppr. or a. Uttering a musical sound through 
a small orifice of the lips ; sounding with a pipe , making 
a shrill sound, as wind. 

WHISTLING, n. A shrill sound of the lips or wind. 

WH1STLING-LY, adv. In a whistling manner. 

WHIST'LY, adv. Silently. 

WHIT, n. [Sax. wiht] A point ; a jot ; the smallest part or 
particle imaginable. 

WHITE (hwite), a. [Sax. hwit ; Sw. hviX ; Dan. hvid ; D. 
wit ; G. weiss.] 1. Being of the color of pure snow ; 
snowy ; not dark. 2. Pale ; destitute of color in the 
cheeks, or of the tinge of blood color. 3. Having the 
color of purity ; pure ; clean ; free from spot. 4. Gray ; 
as, white hair. 5. Pure ; unblemished. — 6. In a Scriptural 
se?ise, purified from sin ; sanctified. Ps. li.— To show the 
white feather, see Featheh. 

WHITE, n. 1. One of the natural colors of bodies, but not 
strictly a color, for it is said to be a composition of all the 
colors ; destitute of all stain or obscurity on the surface ; 
whiteness. 2. A white spot or thing ; the mark at which 
an arrow is shot. — White of the eye, that part of the ball 
of the eye surrounding the iris or colored part. — White of 
an egg, the albumen, or pellucid, viscous fluid which sur- 
rounds the vitellus or yolk. See, also, Spanish-white and 
Flake-white. 

WHITE, v. t. To make white ; to whiten ; to whitewash. 

WHiTE'-BaIT, ti. A very small, delicate fish, of the her. 
ring kind. 

WHiTE'-BeAM, n. The common beam-tree of England.— 
P. Cyc. 

WHiTE'-BEaR, n. [white and bear.] The bear that inhab. 
its the polar regions, a large, fierce quadruped, of a white 
color. 

WHlTE'-BOY, n. A name given, in Ireland, to certain ii* 
turbers of the peace by night; so called from the color of 
their clothes. 

WHlTE'-BRANT, n. A species of the goose kind. 

WHlTE'-€AM'PI-ON, n. A grassy-looking plant, silent tttl 
lata. 

WHlTE'-CENTAU-RY, n. An annual weed in woods, the 
centaurea alba. 

WHlTE'-CLo'VER, n. A small species of perennial clover, 
bearing white flowers. 

WHlTE'-€OP'PER, n. An alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc, 
sometimes with a little iron; German silver. — Ure. 

WHlTE'-GROP, n. A term, in England, for crops of grain, 
as wheat, rye, &c, which turn from green to white in ri- 



pening. 
WHITE'-DaR'NEL, n 



A troublesome weed. 
A bird, the fallow-finch or wheat-ear. 



WHITE'-eAR, 

WHITE'-TaIL, 

WHiTE'-FaCE, ? n. A white mark in the forehead of a 

WHiTE'-BLaZE, ) horse, descending almost to the nose. 

WHlTE'-FILM, ti. A white film growing over the eyes ol 
sheep. 

WHITE'-FISH, n. 1. A small fish, allied to the herring, 
caught in immense quantities, and used for manuring 
land on the southern border of Connecticut, along the 
Sound. 2. A fish of the salmon family, found in the lakes 
of North America. — Storer. 

WHITE'-FOOT, 7?. A white mark on the foot of a horse. 

WHlTE'-HORSE'-FISH, n. In ichthyology, a fish of the ray 
kind, the raia fullonica of Linnasus. — Cyc. 

WHlTE'-LAND, n. A name which the English give to a 
tough, clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry. 

WHlTE'-LEAD (hwite'-led), n. A carbonate of lead, much 
used in painting white. It is usually prepared by expos- 
ing sheets of lead to the joint action of the vapor of acetic 
acid, air, and carbonic acid. 

WHiTE'-LlIvLED, a. Whitewashed, or plastered with 
lime. 

WHlTE'-LlNE, ti. Among printers, a void space, broader 
than usual, left between lines. 

WHlTE'-LIV'ER£D, a. 1. Having a pale look; feeble, 
cowardly. 2. Envious; malicious. 

WHiTE'-MAN*GA-NeSE', n. An ore of manganese; car 
bonate of manganese. 

WHiTE'-MeAT, n. [white and meat.] Meats made of milk, 
butter, cheese, eggs, and the like. — Spenser. 

WHlTE'-POP'L AR, n. A tree of the poplar kind ; the abele- 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



WHI 



1136 



WHO 



tree, populus alba. It is one of the largest of European 
trees. 

WHlTE'-POFPY, n. A species of poppy, papaver somnif- 
erum, from which opium is obtained. 

WHITE'-POT, n, [white and pot.] A kind of food made of 
milk, cream, eggs, sugar, &c, baked in a pot.— King. 

WHITE'-PRE-CIPT-TATE, n. A compound of ammonia 
and corrosive sublimate. It is a white, insoluble powder, 
much used in medicine as an external application. 

WHiTE'-Py-Ri'TeS, n. A sulphuret of iron of a pale 
bronze-yellow color, occurring in prismatic crystals. — 
Dana. 

WHTTE'-RENT, n. In Devon and Cornwall, a rent or duty 
of eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner to the Duke 
of_Cornwall, as lord of the soil. 

WHlTE'-ROOT, n. The colic or pleurisy ro.ot, asclepias 
tuberosa. 

WHITE'-SALT, n. Salt dried and calcined ; decrepitated salt. 

WHlTE'-SToNE, n. A granite abounding in white feld- 
spar. — Brande. 

WHITE'-SWELL-ING, n. A strumous or scrofulous inflam- 
mation aj^und the knee-joint. The term is vulgarly applied 
to_a lingering chronic tumor of almost any kind. — Tully. 

WHlTE'-TIIL, n. A bird, the wheat-ear. 

WHITE'-THORN, n. The hawthorn.— Gardner. 

WHlTE'-THRoAT. n. A small singing-bird, a species of 
warbler, common in Europe, and named from the color 
of its throat. 

WHITE'- VIT'RI-OL, n. Sulphate of zinc— Brande. 

WHITE'-WA-TER, n. A disease of sheep. 

WHITE'-WAX, n. Bleached wax. 

WHITE'-WlNE, n. Any wine of a clear, transparent color, 
bordering on white, as Madeira, Lisbon, &c. 

t WHlTE'STER, n. A bleacher ; a whitster. 

WHITEWASH, n. 1. A wash or liquid composition for 
whitening something; a wash for making the skin fair. 

2. A composition of lime and water, or of whiting, size, 
and water, used for whitening the plaster of walls, &c. 

WHlTE'WASH, v. t. 1. To cover with a white liquid com- 
position, as with lime and water, &c. 2. To make white ; 
-to give a fair external appearance. 

WHITEWASHED (hwite'wosht), pp. or a. Covered or 
overspread with a white liquid composition. 

WHITE'WASH-ER, n. One who whitewashes the walls 
or plastering of apartments. 

WHITE'WASH-ING, ppr. Overspreading or washing with 
a white liquid composition. 

WHITE'WOOD, n. A species of timber -tree growing in 
North America, the liriodendron, or tulip-tree. — Mease. 

WHlT'ED, pp. or a. Made white ; whitened. 

f WHITE'LY, adv. Coming near to white. — Shale. 

WHlT'EN (hwit'n), v. t. To make white ; to bleach ; to 
blanch. 

WHlT'EN, v. i. To grow white ; to turn or become white. 

WHITENED, pp. Made white ; bleached. 

WHlT'EN-ER, n. One who bleaches or makes white. 

WHlTE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being white ; white color, 
or freedom from any darkness or obscurity on the sur- 
face. 2. Paleness ; want of a sanguineous tinge in the face. 

3. Purity ; cleanness ; freedom from stain or blemish. 

WHITES, n. The fluor albus, a disease of females. 

WHITH'ER adv. [Sax. hwyder.] 1. To what place ; [in- 
terrogatively.] 2. To what place; [absolutely.] 3. To 
which place; [relatively.] 4. To what point or degree. 
5. Whithersoever. 

WHITH-ER-SO-EV'ER, adv. To whatever place. 

WHlTTNG, n. [from white.] 1. Asea-fish, allied to the cod, 
and valued on account of its delicacy and lightness as an 
article of food. — P. Cyc. 2. Ground chalk, carefully cleaned 
from all stony matter ; Spanish white. — Brande. 

WHITISH, a. Somewhat white ; white in a moderate de- 
cree. — Boyle. 

VVHlT'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat white. 
— Boyle. 

WHIT'LeATH-ER (hwifleth-er), n. 1. Leather dressed 
with alum, salt, &c, remarkable for its pliability and 
toughness. 2. A name popularly given to a broad, tough, 
white ligament on the neck of quadrupeds, which sup- 
ports the weight of the head. — Tully. 

WHIT'LoW, n. [Sax. hwit, white, and low, a flame. Qu.] 
1. An inflammation commonly terminating in suppuration, 
and seated about the root of the nail of a finger, or in the 
periosteum, or in the bone of the last joint ; sometimes, 
also, applied to an inflammation of a tendon of a finger ; 
paronychia. Tully. — 2. In sheep, the whitlow is a disease 
of the feet, of an inflammatory kind. 

WHIT'LoW-GRiSS, n, 1. Mountain knot-grass.— Cyc. 2. 
A herbaceous plant of the genus draba. — Lee. 

WHIT'SOUR, n. A sort of apple. 

t WHIT'STER, n. A whitener ; a bleacher.— ShaJc. 

WHIT'SUL, n. A provincial name of milk, sour milk, cheese- 
curds, and butter. — Carew. 

WHIT'SUN, a. Observed at Whitsuntide.— Shak. 



WHIT'SUN-D AY, \ n. [white, Sunday, and tide.] The sev 

WHIT'SUN-TIDE, 5 enth Sunday after Easter; a festival 
of the Church in commemoration of the descent of the 
Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost; so called, it is said, 
because, in the primitive Church, those who had been 
newly baptized appeared at church between Easter and 
Pentecost in white garments.— Cyc. 

WHIT'TEN-TREE, n. A sort of tree.— Ainsworth. 

WHIT'TLE (hwit'tl), n. [Sax. hwitel, hwitle.] 1. A small 
pocket-knife. 2. A white dress for a woman. 

WHIT'TLE, v. t. 1. To pare or cut off the surface of a thing 
with a small knife. 2. To edge ; to sharpen ; [obs.] 

WHITTLED, pp. Cut with a small knife. 

WHITTLING, ppr. Cutting with a small knife. 

WHTTY-BRO WN, a. Of a color between white and brown. 
— Pegge. [Local in England.] 

WHIZ, v. i. [allied to hiss.] To make a humming or 
hissing sound, like an arrow or ball flying through the air. 

WHIZ, n. A hissing sound. 

WHIZ'ZING, ppr. or a. Making or denoting a humming oi 
hissing sound. 

WHIZ'ZING-LY, adv. With a whizzing sound. 

WHO (hoo), pron. relative. [Sax. hwa ; D. wie ; L. qui ; Fr. 
que.] 1. Who is a pronoun relative, always referring to 
persons. 2. Which of many. 3. It is much used in ask- 
ing questions ; as, who art thou ? 4. It has sometimes a 
disjunctive sense. — 5. Whose is of all genders ; as, whose 
book is this 1 — As who should say, elliptically for, as one 
who should say. — Collier. 

WHo-EV'ER, pron. [who and ever.] Any one without ex- 
ception ; any person whatever. 

WHoLE (hole), a. [In Sax. walg, onwalg ; D. heel, geheel ; 
G. heil ; Sw. hel ; Dan. heel.] 1. Containing the total 
amount or number, or the entire thing ; as, the whole 
earth. 2. Not defective or imperfect ; as, a whole orange. 
3. Not impaired, injured, or broken ; as, a whole skin. 4. 
Sound; not hurt or sick. 5. Restored to health and 
soundness ; sound ; well. — Syn . All ; total ; complete , 
entire ; integral ; undivided ; uninjured ; unimpaired ; un- 
broken ; healthy. 

WHoLE, n. 1. The entire thing; the entire or total assem. 
blage of parts. 2. A system ; a regular combination of 
parts. Pope. — Syn. Totality; amount; aggregate; gross. 

WHOLE'-HOOFED, a. Having an undivided hoof. 

WHoLE'NESS, n. Entireness; totality; the state of being 
whole, entire, or sound. 

WHoLE'SaLE, n. [whole and sale.] 1. Sale of goods by 
the piece or large quantity, as distinguished from retail. 
2. The whole mass. 

WHoLE'SaLE, a. 1. Buying and selling by the piece or 
quantity. 2. Pertaining to the trade by the piece or 
quantity. 

WHoLE'SoME (hole'sum), a. [whole and some ; G.heilsam.] 
1. Tending to promote health ; favoring health ; salubri- 
ous ; as, wholesome air. 2. Sound ; contributing to the 
health of the mind ; favorable to morals, religion, or pros- 
perity. 3. Useful ; salutary ; conducive to public happi- 
ness, virtue, or peace. 4. That utters sound words. 5. 
Kindly ; pleasing. 

WHoLE'S6ME-LY, adv. In a wholesome or salutary man- 
ner ; salubriously. 

WHoLE'SoME-NESS, n. 1. The quality of contributing to 
health ; salubrity. 2. Salutariness ; conduciveness to the 
health of the mind or of the body politic. 

WHoL'LY, adv. 1. Entirely; completely; perfectly. 2. To- 
tally ; in all the parts or kinds. — Addison. 

WHOM (hoom), the objective of who, coinciding with the 
L. quern and quam. 

WHoM-SO-EV'ER, pron. [whom and soever.] Any person, 
without exception. 

tWHOO'BUB, for hubbub.— Shak. 

WHOOP (hoop). [This is the same as hoop, but aspirated , 
Goth, wopyan ; Sax. hweopan.] 1. A shout of pursuit. 2. 
A shout of war ; a particular cry of troops when they rush 
to the attack. 3. The bird called hoopoe or upupa. 

WHOOP, v. i. To shout with a particular voice. — Shak 

WHOOP, v. t. To insult with shouts.— Dryden. 

WHOOP'ING-COUGH, n. See Hooping-cough. 

WHOOT (hoot), v. i. See Hoot. 

WHOP, n. [the vulgar pronunciation oiwhap or awhap.] A 
sudden fall, or the suddenness of striking in a fall. 

WHOPTER, n. Any thing uncommonly large; applied 
particularly to a monstrous lie. — Forby. [Sometimes heard 
in America^] 

WHoRE (hore), n. [Sax. hor-cwen, hore-woman ; Sw. hora, 
hor-kana ; Dan. hore, hore-kone ; G. hure ; D. hocr.] A 
woman who practices unlawful commerce with men ; 
particularly one who does it for hire. — Syn. Harlot ; cour- 
tesan ; prostitute ; concubine. 

WHoRE, v. i. To have unlawful sexual commerce to 
practice lewdness. 

WHoRE, v. t. To corrupt by lewd intercourse. [Rare.] 

WHoRE'DoM (hore'dum), n. 1. Lewdness ; fornication ; 



* See Synopsis. I, E, I &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



WID 



1137 



WIL 



practice of unlawful commerce with the other sex. — 2. In 
Scripture, idolatry ; the desertion of the worship of the 
true God for the worship of idols. 

WHoRE'MaS-TER, n. One who practices lewdness. 

*VHoRE'MaS-TER-L Y, a. Having the character of a whore- 
master. — Shak. 

WHoRE'M6N"GER, n. The same as whoremaster. 

WHoRE'S6N, n. A bastard ; [used in contempt.] — Shak. 

vVHoR'ISH, a. Lewd ; unchaste ; addicted to unlawful 
sexual pleasures ; incontinent. 

WHoRISH-LY, adv. In a lewd manner. 

WHoRTSH-NESS, n. The practice of lewdness ; the char- 
acter of a lewd woman. — Hale. 

WH6RL (hwurl), n. 1. In botany, an arrangement of a 
number of leaves or flowers around a stem, in the same 
plane with each other. Lindley. — 2. In conchology, a vo- 
lution or turn of the spire of a univalve. — Humble. 

WH6RL.ED, a. Furnished with whorls. 

WH6RT, n. The fruit of the whortleberry ; or the shrub. 

WH6RTLE-BER-RY, n. [Sax. heort-berg.] A plant or 
shrub and its fruit, of the genus vaccinium, called, more 
commonly, huckleberry, and much esteemed for food. 

WHoSE (hooz). The possessive or genitive case of who 
or which ; applied to persons or things. 

WHoSE-SO-EV'ER, pron. [whose and soever.] Of any per- 
son whatever. — John. xx. 

?WHo'SO (hoo'so), pron. Any person whatever. 

WHo-SO-EV'ER, pron. [who t so, and ever.] Any one ; any 
person whatever. 

WHUR (hwur), v. i. To pronounce the letter r with too 
much force. 

WHUR, n. The sound of a body moving through the air 
with velocity. See Whir. 

WHURT, n. A whortleberry or bilberry. See Whort. 

WHY, aolv. [Sax. hwi, and for hwi, or for hwig, for why. 
So pourquoi, in French, is the same ; pour, and L. quid, 
quod, for what] 1. For what cause or reason, [interroga- 
tively.] 2. For which reason or cause, [relatively.] 3. For 
what reason or cause ; for which ; [relatively.] 4. It is 
used, sometimes, emphatically, or rather as an expletive. 

WHY'NOT, n. A cant word for violent and peremptory 
procedure. — Hudibras. 

WI, from the Gothic weiha, signifies holy. It is found in 
some names, as in Wibert, holy-bright, or bright-holy. 

WIG, > a termination, denotes jurisdiction, as in bailiwick. 

WI€K, ) Its primary sense is a village or mansion, L. vi- 
cus ; Sax. wic or wye ; hence it occurs in Berwick, Harwich, 
Norwich, &c. It signifies, also, a bay or a castle. — Gibson. 

WI€K, n. [Sax. toeoc ; Sw. veke ; Ir. buaic] A number of 
threads of cotton or some similar substance, loosely twist- 
ed into a string, round which wax or tallow is applied, 
and thus forming a candle or torch. 

VI€K'ED, a. [Sw. vika, to decline, to err ; Sax. wican, to 
recede, to slide, to fall away.] 1. Evil in principle or 
practice ; deviating from the divine law ; addicted to vice. 

2. A word of slight blame, in sport ; as, the wicked urchin. 

3. Accursed and baneful in its eflects ; as, the wicked weed, 
vtcked dew. — Shak. ; [obs.] — The wicked, in Scripture, per- 
sons who live in sin. — Syn. Sinful ; criminal ; guilty ; im- 
moral ; unjust ; unrighteous ; iniquitous ; unholy ; irre- 
ligious ; ungodly ; profane ; vicious ; pernicious. — Wicked 
in a high degree, atrocious ; nefarious ; heinous ; flagrant ; 
profligate ; flagitious ; abandoned. 

WI€K'ED-LY, adv. In a manner or with motives and de- 
signs contrary to the divine law ; viciously ; corruptly. 

WI€K'ED-NESS, n. Departure from the rules of the di- 
vine law ; evil disposition or practices ; corrupt manners. 
— Syn. Sin ; sinfulness ; criminality ; guilt ; iniquity ; im- 
morality ; vice ; baseness ; villainy ; irreligion ; impiety ; 
unholiness ; ungodliness ; atrocity ; flagitiousness. 

WI€K'EN, )n. The pyrus or sorbus aucuparia, 

WI€K'EN-TREE, 5 mountain-ash, or roan-tree. 

WI€K'ER, a. [Dan. vien, probably contracted from vigen.] 
Made of twigs or oziers ; as, a wicker basket. 

WIGK'ET, n. [Fr. guichet ; W. gwiced.] 1. A small gate or 
door. 2. A little gate by which the chamber of canal locks 
is emptied. 3. A bar or rod used in playing cricket. 

WI€K'LIFf5tE \ n - A follower of Wiclif or Wickliffe. 

WID'DY, n. See Withy. 

WIDE, a. [Sax. wid, wide ; D. wyd ; G. weit ; Dan. vid.] 1. 
Broad ; having a great or considerable distance or extent 
between the sides ; opposed to narrow ; as, wide cloth. 2. 
Broad ; having a great extent each way. 3. Remote ; dis- 
tant. 4. Broad to a certain degree. 

WIDE, adv. 1. At a distance ; far. 2. With great extent ; 
used chiefly in composition ; as, Tcz'de-skirted meads. 

WIDE'-BRaNCHED (-brancht), a. Having spreading 
branches. 

WIDELY, adv. 1. With great extent each way. 2. Very 
much ; to a great distance ; far. 

WlD'EN, v. t. To make wide or wider ; to extend in 
Dreadth. 



WID'EN, v. i. To grow wide or wider ; to enlarge ; to ex- 
tend itself. — Pope. 
WIDENED, pp. Made wide ; extended in breadth. 
WlDE'NESS, n. 1. Breadth ; width ; great extent between 

the sides. 2. Large extent in all directions. 
WlD'£N-ING, ppr. Extending the distance between the 

sides ; enlarging in all directions. 
WID'gEON (wij'un), n. A water-fowl of the duck kind, 

somewhat smaller than the common duck. 
WID'oW, n. [Sax. widew ; G. wittwe; D. weduwe; Dan. vid- 

ne ; L. vidua.] A woman who has lost her husband by 

death. — Luke, ii. 
WID'oW, v. t. 1. To bereave of a husband ; [but rarely used 

except in the participle.] 2. To endow with a widow's right ; 

[unusual.] 3. To strip of any thing good. 
WID'oW-BENCH, n. [widow and bench.] In Sussex, that 

share which a widow is allowed of her husband's estate, 

besides her jointure. 
WID'oW-HUNT'ER, n. [widow and hunter.] One who 

seeks or courts widows for a jointure or fortune. 
WID'oW-MaK'ER, n. [widow and maker.] One who makes 

widows by destroying lives.— Shak. 
WID'oW-WaIL, n. In botany, a plant of the genus cneo- 

rum. — Lee. 
WID'oWED, pp. or a. 1. Bereaved of a husband by death. 

2. Deprived of some good ; stripped. — Phillips. 
WID'oW-ER, n. A man who has lost his wife by death. 
WID'oW-HOOD, n. 1. The state of being a widow. 2. 

Estate settled on a widow. — Shak. , [obs.] 
WID'oW-ING, ppr. Bereaving of a husband; depriving, 

stripping. 
WIDTH, n. [from wide ; G.weite; ~D.wydie.] Breadth; 

wideness ; the extent of a thing from side to side. 
WIeLD (weeld), v. t. [Sax. wealdan, waldan ; Goth, ga- 

waldan.] 1. To use with full command or power, as a 

thing not too heavy for the holder to manage. 2. To use 

or employ with the hand. 3. To handle ; [in an ironical 

sense.] — To wield the sceptre, to govern with supreme com- 
mand. 
WIkLD'ED, pp. Used with command ; managed. 
WIELDING, ppr. Using with power ; managing. 
WIeLD'LESS, a. Unmanageable. — Spenser. 
WIeLDT, a. That may be wielded; manageable. 
Wl'ER-Y. a. 1. Made of wire ; having the properties ot 

wire. 2. [Sax. war, a pool.] Wet; marshy. — Shak. ; 

[obs.] 
WIFE, ti. ; pi. Wives. [Sax. wif; D. wyf] 1. The lawful 

consort of a man ; a woman who is united to a man in 

the lawful bonds of wedlock ; the correlative of husband. 

2. A woman of low employment ; as, strawberry-awes ; 

[obs.] 
WlFE'HOOD, n. State and character of a wife.— Beaumont 

and Fletcher. 
WIFELESS, a. Without a wife ; unmarried.— Chaucer. 
WlFE'LY, a. Becoming a wife. — Dryden. 
WIG, in Saxon, signifies war. It is found in some names. 
WIG, re. [G. week.] 1. A covering for the head, consisting 

of hair interwoven or united by a kind of net- work, for- 

merly much worn by men. 2. A sort of cake ; [obs.] 
WIg'EON, n. See Widgeon. 

WIGGJED, a. Having the head covered with a wig. 
WIGHT (wite), 7i. [Sax. wiht; G. wicht ; Goth, waiht.] A 

being; a person. [It is obsolete, except in irony or bur 

lesque.] 
t WIGHT, a. [Sax. hwcet.] Swift ; nimble.— Spenser. 
t WlGHT'L Y, adv. Swiftly; nimbly.—- Spenser. 
WIGWAM, n. An Indian cabin or hut, so called in Amen^ 

ca. It is sometimes written iceekwam. 

WILD, a. [Sax., D., G. wild ; Sw., Dan. vild.] 1. Roving;, 
wandering ; inhabiting the forest or open field ; hence, 
not tamed or domesticated ; as, a wild boar. 2. Growing 
without culture ; as, wild parsnep. 3. Desert ; not inhab- 
ited. 4. Savage ; uncivilized ; not refined by culture. & 
Turbulent; tempestuous: irregular. 6. Licentious; un 
governed. 7. Inconstant ; mutable ; fickle. 8. Inordi- 
nate ; loose. 9. Uncouth; loose. 10. Irregular ; disor- 
derly; done without plan or order. II. Not well digest 
ed; not framed according to the ordinary rules of rea- 
son ; not being within the limits of probable practicability ; 
imaginary ; fanciful. 12. Exposed to the wind and era. 
13. Made or found in the forest.— Wild is prefixed to the 
names of many plants, to distinguish them from such ol 
the name as are cultivated in gardens ; as. wild basil, wild 
olive, &c. 

WILD, n. A desert; an uninhabited and uncultivated tract 
or region ; a forest or sandy desert 

WlLD'-BoAR, n. An animal of the hog kind (sus scrofa, 
Linnaeus), from which the domesticated swine are (te- 
scended. Wild boars have their lair in solitary places in 
the depths of forests, and were formerly held in high e»- 
timation as beasts of chase. — P. Cyc. 

WILD'-BORN, a. Born in a wild state. 

WILD'-€AT, n. 1. The cat supposed to be the original 



D6VE 



-BULL UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl'CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete 
4C 



WIL 



1138 



WIN 



stock of the domestic cat, said to exist still in Europe. — 2. 
In America, the felis rufa, a quadruped allied to the do- 
mestic cat, but larger. 

WTLD'-CHER'RY, n. A large American tree, the cerasus 
Virginiana, bearing a small astringent fruit resembling a 
cherry. The wood is much used for cabinet-work, being 
of a light red color, and a compact texture. — Browne. 

WILD-EY.ED (-ide), a. Having eyes appearing wild. 

WlLD'-FlRE, n. [wild and^re.] 1. A composition of in- 
flammable materials. 2. A disease of sheep, attended with 
inflammation of the skin ; a kind of erysipelas. 

WlLD'-FOWL, n. Fowls of the forest, or untamed. 

WlLD'-GOOSE, n. [wild and goose.] An aquatic fowl of 
the genus anser, a bird of passage. The common wild- 
goose of America is the anser Canadensis. — Wild-goose 
chase, the pursuit of something as unlikely to be caught as 
the wild-goose. — SJiak. 

WILD'-HON-EY (-hun-ne), n. [wild and honey.'] Honey 
that is found in the forest, in hollow trees or among rocks. 

WlLD'-lN'DI-GO, n. A plant, Baptisia tinctoria, growing 
in the woods, with a yellow flower, yielding a small quan- 
tity of indigo. 

WILD'-LAND, n. [wild and land.] 1. Land not cultivated, 
or in a state that renders it unfit for cultivation.— 2. In 
America, forest ; land not settled and cultivated. 

WILD oATS, n. pi. A tall, oat-like kind of soft grass ; the 
holcus avenaceus. — To sow one's wild oats, is to pass through 
a season of wild and thoughtless dissipation. — Halliwell ; 
[commonly applied to youth.] 

WILD'-SERVlCE, n. A tree of the genus cratcegus, or 
hawthorn kind. 

WIL'DER, v. t. [Dan. vilder.] To lose or cause to lose the 
way or track ; to puzzle with mazes or difficulties ; to be- 
wilder. — Pope. 

WIL'DERSD, pp. Lost in a pathless tract ; puzzled. 

WIL'DER-ING, ppr. Puzzling. 

WIL'DER-NESS, n. [from wild.] 1. A desert ; a tract of 
land or region uncultivated and uninhabited by human 
beings, whether a forest or a wide, barren plain. — In the 
United States, it is applied only to a forest. — In Scripture, 
it is applied frequently to the deserts of Arabia. 2. The 
ocean. 3. A state of disorder; [obs.] 4. A wood in a 
garden, resembling a forest. 

WlLD'ING, n. 1. A wild crab-apple. — Spenser. 2. A young 
tree that is wild, or growing without cultivation. — Scott. 

WILDLY, adv. 1. Without cultivation— More. 2. With- 
out tameness. 3. With disorder; with perturbation or 
distraction ; with a fierce or roving look. 4. Without at- 
tention ; heedlessly. 5. Capriciously ; irrationally ; ex- 
travagantly. 6. Irregularly. 

WlLD'NESS, n. 1. Rudeness ; rough, uncultivated 8tate. 

2. Inordinate disposition to rove ; irregularity of manners. 

3. Savageness ; brutality. 4. Savage state ; rudeness. 5. 
Uncultivated state. 6. A wandering ; irregularity. 7. 
Alienation of mind. 8. State of being untamed. 9. The 
quality of being undisciplined, or not subjected to method 
or rules. 

WlLDS, n. Among farmers, the part of a plow by which 

it is drawn. [Local.] 
WILE. n. [Sax. wile ; Ice. wul; W.fel] A trick or strata- 
gem practiced for insnaring or deception ; a sly, insidious 
artifice. 
WlLE, v. t. To deceive ; to beguile. — Spenser. [Rare.] 
Wl'LI-LY, adv. By stratagem ; with insidious art 
Wl'LI-NESS, n. [from wily.] Cunning; guile. 
WILK, In. [Ger. welken, to wither or cause to wither.] 
WHILK, > A species of mollusk. See Whelk. 
WILL, n. [Sax. willa; Goth, wilja; D. wil or wille; Ger. 
wille.] 1. That faculty of the mind by which we determ- 
ine either to do or forbear an action ; the faculty which 
is exercised in deciding, among two or more objects, 
which we shall embrace or pursue. The will is directed 
or influenced by the judgment. The understanding, or 
reason, compares different objects, which operate as mo- 
tives ; the judgment determines which is preferable, and 
the will decides which to pursue. 2. Choice ; determina- 
tion. 3. Choice ; discretion ; pleasure. 4. Command ; 
direction. 5. Disposition ; inclination ; desire. 6. Power ; 
arbitrary disposal. 7. Divine determination ; moral pur- 
pose or counsel. 8. Testament ; the disposition of a man's 
estate, to take effect after his death. — Good-will. 1. Favor ; 
kindness. — Shak. 2. Right intention. Phil., i. — Ill-will, 
enmity j unfriendliness. It expresses less than malice. — 
To have one's will, to obtain what is desired. — At will. To 
hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy the posses- 
sion at his pleasure. — Will-with-a-wisp, Jack-with-a-lantern ; 
ignis fatuus. 
WILL, v. t. [Sax. willan ; Goth, wilyan ; D. willen ; Ger. 
wollen ; Sw. vilja ; Dan. ville ; L. volo, velle ; Fr. vouloir ; 
It. volere.] 1. To determine ; to decide in the mind that 
something shall be done or forborne ; implying power to 
carry the purpose into effect. 2. To command ; to direct. 
3. To be inclined or resolved to have. 4. To wish ; to de- 



sire. 5. To dispose of estate and effects by testament 
6. It is sometimes equivalent to mmj he. 7. Will is used 
as an auxiliary verb, and a sign of the future tense. It haa 
different significations in different persons. 1. 7" will go, 
is a present promise to go ; and, with an emphasis on will, 
it expresses determination. 2. Thou wilt go, you will go, 
express foretelling; simply stating an event that is to 
come. 3. He will go, is also a foretelling. The use of wiU 
in the plural is the same. We will, pr< mises ; ye will, they 
will, foretell. 

WILLED (wild), pp. 1. Determined; resolved; desired. 
2. Disposed of by will or testament. 

WIL'LEM-lTE, n. A mineral of resincus lustre and yel- 
lowish color, a silicate of zinc. 

WILL'ER, n. One who wills. 

WILL'FUL, a. 1. Governed by the will without yielding 
to reason ; obstinate ; stubborn ; perverse ; inflexible. 2. 
Stubborn ; refractory ; as, a willful horse. 

WILL'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Obstinately; stubbornly. 2. By 
design ; with set purpose. 

WILL'FUL-NESS, n. Obstinacy, stubbornness; perverse- 
ness. — Perkins. 

WILLING, ppr. 1. Determining ; resolving ; desiring. 2. 
Disposing of by will. 

WILLING, a. [Sw., Dan. villig.] 1. Free to do or grant •, 
having the mind inclined ; disposed ; not averse. 2. 
Pleased ; desirous ; as, willing to show the Jews a pleas- 
ure. — Acts, xxiv. 3. Ready ; prompt ; as, with willing 
feet. 4. Chosen ; received of choice or without reluct- 
ance ; as, held in willing chains. 5. Spontaneous. 6. 
Consenting. 

WILL'ING-HEiRT-ED, a. Well-disposed; having a free 
heart. — Ex., xxxv. 

WILLTNG-L Y, adv. 1. With free-will ; without reluctance 
cheerfully. 2. By one's own choice. 

WILLTNG-NESS, n. Free choice or consent of the will , 
freedom from reluctance ; readiness of the mind. 

WIL'LoW, n. [Sax. welig ; D. wilge.] A well-known tree, 
of the genus salix. There are many species of willow. 

WIL'Lo W-GALL, n. A protuberance on the leaves of wil 
lows. — Cyc. 

WIL'LoW-HERB, n. The name of a number of plants, as 
the French willow, of the genus epilolium ; also, the pur- 
ple loose-strife, of the genus lythrum. 

WILLoW-TUFT-ED, a. Tufted with willows. 

WIL'LoW-WEED, n. A weed growing on wet, light lands, 
with a seed like buckwheat; the polygonum lapathifolium . 

WIL'Lo W-W6RT, n. A plant— Miller. 

WIL'LoWiSD, a. Abounding with willows. — Collins 

WIL'Lo W-ISH, a. Like the color of the willow. 

WIL'LoW- Y, a. Abounding with willows. — Gray. 

WIL'SOME, a. Obstinate ; stubborn. 

WILT, v. i. [Ger., D. welken.] To begin to wither ; to lose 
freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed to 
great heat in a dry day, or when first separated from its 
root. — Holloway. [ Used in many parts ofEng. and the U. S.] 

WILT, v. t. 1. To cause to begin to wither ; to make flac- 
cid, as a green plant. 2. To cause to languish ; to depress 
or destroy the vigor and energy of. — Dwight. 

WILTED, pp. or a. Having become flaccid and lost it« 
freshness, as a plant. 

WILTING, ppr. Beginning to fade or wither. 

Wl'LY, a. Using craft or stratagem to accomplish a pur 
pose ; mischievously artful. — Syn. Cunning ; sly ; subtle , 
crafty; insidious; fraudulent. 

WIM'BLE (wim'bl), n. [W. guimbill.] An instrument for 
boring holes, turned by a handle. 

t WIM'BLE, a. Active ; nimble. — Spenser. 

WIM'BREL, •». A bird of the curlew kind. See Whimmiel 

tWIM'PLE (wim'pl), n. [Ger. wimpel; Dan. vimpel.] A 
hood or vail. 

t WIMTLE, v. t. To draw down, as a vail. — Spenser. 

WIN, v. t. ; pret. and pp. won. [Sax. winnan ; D. winnen 
Ger. gewinnen ; Sw. vinna.] 1. To gain by success in 
competition or contest. 2. To gain by solicitation 01 
courtship. 3. To obtain ; to allure to kindness or compli 
ance ; as, to win the favor of all. 4. To gain by persuasioi 
or influence. — Syn. To gain ; get ; procure ; earn. 

WIN, v. t. To gain the victory. Milton. — To win upon. 1. 
To gain favor or influence. — Dryden. 2. To gain ground 
— To win of, to be conqueror. — Shak. 

WINCE, v. i. [Fr. guincher ; W. gwing ; gwingaw.] 1. To 
shrink, as from a blow or from pain ; to start back. 2. 
To kick or flounce when uneasy or impatient of a rider ; 
as, a horse winces. 

WIN'CER, n. One who winces, shrinks, or kicks. 

WINCH, n. [Sax. wince ; Fr. guincher.] The crank or han- 
dle by which the axis of machines is turned,, as in the 
grindstone, &c. Also, an instrument with which to turn 
or strain something forcibly. The term has also been 
popularly applied to the windlass. 

t WINCH, n. A kick of a beast, impatient of the rider or 
of pain. — Shelton. 



' See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c., long.— A, t, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD :-~Mo VE, BOQK, 



WIN 



1139 



WIN 



WINCH, v. i. To wince; to shrink; to kick with impa- 
tience or uneasiness. 

WIN'CHES-TER BUSHEL, n The original English stand- 
ard measure of capacity, established by Henry VII., and 
ordered to be kept in the town-hall of Winchester. It 
contains 2150 cubic inches, and is the one generally used 
in the United States. 

W1N'CING, G ' \ ppr - Flincnin D; shrinking; kicking. 
WIN'CO-PIPE, n. The name of a little flower that, when it 
opens in the morning, bodes a fair day. — Bacon. This is 
probably the anagallis arvensis, or poor man's barometer, 
which opens in the morning and closes toward night, except 
when there is much moisture, when it remains shut. — Tully. 
* WIND, n. [Sax., D., Ger. wind ; Sw., Dan. vind.] 1. Air in 
motion with any degree of velocity, indefinitely ; a current 
of air. When the air moves moderately, we call it a light 
■wind, or a breeze ; when with more velocity, we call it a 
fresh breeze ; and when with violence, we call it a gaie 1 
storm, or tempest. The word gale is used by the poets for 
a moderate breeze, but seamen use it as equivalent to 
storm. — 2. The four winds, the cardinal points of the heav- 
ens. 3. Direction of the wind from other points of the 
compass than the cardinal, or any point of the compass. 
—Heylin; [obs.] 4. Breath; power of respiration. 5. Air 
in motion from any force or action ; as, the wind of a can- 
non ball. 6. Breath modulated by the organs or by an in- 
strument. 7. Air impregnated with scent. 8. Any thing 
insignificant or fight as wind. 9. Flatulence ; air genera- 
ted in the stomach and bowels. 10. The name given to a 
disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with 
air, or, rather, aifected with a violent inflammation. Cyc. 
— Down the wind, decaying; declining; in a state of de- 
cay ; [obs.] — To take or have the wind, to gain or have the 
advantage. — To take wind, or to get wind, to be divulged ; 
to become public— In the wind's eye, in seamen's language, 
toward the direct point from which the wind blows. — Be- 
tween wind and water, denoting that part of a ship's side 
or bottom which is frequently brought above water by the 
rolling of the ship or fluctuation of the water's surface. — 
Trade-wind. See in its place. 
WIND'-BOUND, a. [wind and bound.] Prevented from sail- 
ing by a contrary wind. — Mar. Diet. 
WIND'-DRLED, a. Dried in the wind. 
WIND -DROP-SY, n. [wind and dropsy.] A swelling of the 

belly from wind in the intestines ; tympanites. 
WIND'-EGG, n. [wind and egg.] An addle egg. 
WIND'-FALL-.EN, a. Blown down by the wind. 
WIND'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant ; the anemone. 
WIND'-FUR-NACE, n. A furnace in which the air is sup : 

plied by an artificial current, as from a bellows. 
WIND'-GagE, n. [wind and gage.] An instrument for as- 
certaining the velocity and force of wind. — Cyc. 
WIND'-GALL, n. [wind and gall] A soft tumor on the fet- 
lock joints of a horse. 
WIND'-GUN, n. An air-gun ; a gun discharged by the force 

of compressed air. 
WIND'-HATCH, n. In mining, the opening or place where 

the ore is taken out of the earth. 
WIND'-HoV-ER (-huv-er), n. A species of hawk ; called, also, 

the stannel, but more usually the kestrel. — Cyc. — Jar dine. 
WIND'-IN'STRU-MENT, n. An instrument of music, played 

by wind, chiefly by the breath, as a flute. 
WIND'-MILL, n. A mill turned by the wind. 
VVIND'-PUMP, n. [wind and pump.] A pump moved by 

wind, useful in draining lands.— Cyc. 
WIND'-RoDE, n. A term used by seamen to signify a ship 
when riding with wind and tide opposed to each other, 
driven to the leeward of her anchor. 
WIND'-SaIL, n. A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to 
convey a stream of air into the lower apartments of a ship. 
WIND-SEED, n. A plant of the genus arctotis. 
WIND'-SHOCK, n. A sort of bruise or shiver in a tree. 
WIND'-TlGHT (-tite), a. [wind and tight.] So tight as to 

prevent the passing of wind. — Hall. 
WlND, v. t. ; pret. and pp. wound. [Sax. windan ; G., D. 
winden.] 1. To blow ; to sound by blowing ; as, to wind 
the horn. [The present notion of winding a horn is not 
so much that of filling it with wind, as of giving a pro- 
longed and varied sound, like that described by Milton 
when speaking of " a winding bout of linked sweetness." — 
Smart.] 2. To turn ; to move, or cause to turn. 3. To 
turn round some fixed object ; to bind, or to form into a 
ball or coil by turning. 4. To introduce by insinuation. 
5. To change ; to vary. 6. To entwist ; to infold ; to en- 
circle. Shak. — To wind off, to unwind. — To wind out, to 
extricate. — 1. To wind up, to bring to a small compass, as 
a ball of thread.— Locke. 2. To bring to a conclusion or 
settlement 3. To put in a state of renovated or contin- 
ued motion. 4. To raise by degrees. 5. To straiten, as 
a string ; to put in tune. 6. To put in order for regular 
action. 
WIND, v. t. 1. To nose ; to follow by the scent 2. To 



ventilate ; to expose to the wind. 3. To drive [a horset 
hard so as to render scant of wind. Also, to rest [a horse] 
in order to recover wind. Smart.— To wind a ship is to 
turn it end for end, so that the wind strikes it on the op- 
posite side. 

WlND, v. i. 1. To turn ; to change. 2. To turn around 
something. 3. To have a circular direction. 4. To crook , 
to bend. 5. To move round.— To wind out, to be extrica- 
ted ; to escape. — Milton. 

WIND'AgE, n. [Sp. viento.] The difference between the 
diameter of the bore of a gun or other piece and that of a 
ball or shell 

WIND'ER, v. t. To fan ; to clean grain with a fan. [Local] 

WlND'ER, 7i. One who winds. 

WIND'ER-MEB. n. A bird of the gull kind.— Cyc 

WIND'FALL, n. [wind and fall] 1. Fruit blown off the 
tree by wind. 2. An unexpected legacy or other gain. 

WIND'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being windy or tempestu- 
ous. 2. Fullness of wind; flatulence. 3. Tendency to gen- 
erate wind. 4. Tumor ; pufliness. 

WlNDTNG, ppr. 1. Turning ; binding about ; bending. 2, a. 
Bending ; twisting from a direct line or an even surface. 

WlND'ING, n. 1. A turn or turning ; a bend ; flexure , 
meander. 2. A call by the boatswain's whistle. 

WiNDlNG-EN'GlNE, n. An engine employed in mining 
to draw up buckets from a deep pit. — Cyc. 

WlND'ING-SHEET, n. [winding and sheet.] A sheet in 
which a corpse is wrapped. — Bacon. 

WIND'ING-TACK'LE, n. A tackle consisting of one fixed 
triple block, and one double or triple movable block. 

WlNDTNG-LY, adv. In a winding or circuitous manner. 

tWIND'LACE, \v. i. To go warily to work; to act indi- 

tWIND'LASS, > rectly.— Hammond. 

WiND'LASS, n. 1. A machine for raising weights, in which 
a rope or chain, with the weight attached, i3 wound about 
a cylinder or roller moved by a crank, shifting levers, or 
similar means. — Gwilt. 2. A handle by which any thing 
is turned. — Shak. ; [less correct.] 

WIN'DLE (win'dl), n. A spindle ; a kind of reel. 

WIN'DLE-STRAW, n. A reed ; a stalk of grass ; a small, 



■Fairfax. 



slender straw. [North of England.] 
'IND'LESS, a. Wanting wind ; out of breath.- 



WIND _ 

WIN'DoW, 7i. [Dan. vindue ; Sp. ventana.] 1. An opening 
in the wall of a building for the admission of fight, and o? 
air when necessary. 2. An aperture or opening. 3. The 
frame or other thing that covers the aperture. 4. An ap 
erture ; or, rather, the clouds or water-spouts. 5. Lattice 
or casement ; or the net- work of wire used before the in- 
vention of glass. 6. Lines crossing each other. 

WIN'DoW, v. t. 1. To furnish with windows.— Pope. 2. 
To place at a window ; [unusual] 3. To break into 
openings ; [unusual] 

WIN'DoW-BLIND, n. [window and blind.] A blind to in- 
tercept the light of a window. 

WIN'DoW-FRaME, n. [window and frame.] The frame of 
a window which receives and holds the sashes. 

WIN'DoW-GLaSS, n. Panes of glass for windows. 

WIN'DoW-SASH, n. [window and sash.] The sash or light 
frame in which panes of glass are set for windows. 

WIN'DoWPD, pp. Furnished with windows. 

WIN'DoW-Y, a. Having little crossings like the sashes of a 
window. — Donne. 

WIND'PlPE, n. [wind and pipe.] The passage for the 
breath to and from the lungs ; the trachea. 

WIND'RoW, n. 1. A line or row of hay ready to be rolled 
into cocks. 2. A row of peats for drying ; [Eng.] 3. 
The untilled border of a field. — Gardner ; [Eng.] 

WIND'WARD, 7i. [wind and ward.] The point from which 
the wind blows ; as, to ply to the windward. — To lay an an- 
chor at the windward, to adopt previous measures for suc- 
cess or security. 

WIND'WARD, a. [wind and ward.] Being on the side to- 
ward the point from which the wind blows. 

WIND'WARD, adv. Toward the wind. 

WIND'Y, a. 1. Consisting of wind. 2. Next the wind. 3. 
Tempestuous ; boisterous. 4. Puffy ; flatulent ; abound- 
ing with wind. 5. Empty ; airy. 

WlNE, n. [Sax. win ; G. wein ; D. wyn ; Sw., Dan. vin ; 
Russ. vino ; L. vinum ; It, Sp. vino ; Fr. vin.] 1. The fer- 
mented juice of grapes. 2. The juice of certain fruits, pre 
pared with sugar, sometimes with spirits, &c. 3. Intoxi 
cation. 4. Drinking. 

WINE'-BIB-BER, n. One who drinks much wine ; a great 
drinker. — Prov., xxiii. 

WTNE'-CiSK, n. [wine and cask] A cask in which wine is 
or has been kept. 

WINE'-GLaSS, 72. [w ine and glass.] A small glass in which 
wine is drank. 

WINE'-MeAS-URE (-mezh'ur), n. [See Measure.] The 
measure by which wines and other spirits are sold, small- 
er than beer measure. 

WINE'-MER-CHANT, n. A merchant who deals in wines. 

WlNE'-PRESS, n. A place where grapes are pressed. 



D6VE ;■— BULL, UNTTE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in Ms. t Obsolete. 



WIN 



1140 



W1R 



Wt N E'-SToNE, n The deposit of crude tax tar, or argal, on 
the interior of wine-casks. — Ure. 

WlNE'LESS, a. Destitute of wine ; as, wineless life. 

WING, n. [Sasi. gehwing ; Sw., Dan. vinge.] 1. The limb 
of a bird by which it flies, and under which it protects its 
young. Hence, 2. Figuratively, care and protection. 3. 
The limb of an insect by which it flies. 4. In botany, [L. 
ala,] a leaf-like appendage. Wings, pi, [L. alee,] the two 
lateral petals of a papilionaceous flower, which stand op- 
posite to each other and immediately before the vexillum, 
and which usually have the carina between them. — Tally. 
5. Flight ; passage by the wing. 6. Means of flying ; ac- 
celeration. 7. Motive or incitement of flight. 8. The flank 
or extreme body or part of an army. 9. Any side-piece. — 
10. In gardening, a side-shoot— 11. In architecture, a side- 
building, less than the main edifice. — 12. In fortification, 
the longer sides of horn- works, crown- works, &c. — 13. In 
a fleet, the ships on the extremities, when ranged in a line, 
or when forming the two sides of a triangle. — 14. In a ship, 
the wings are those parts of the hold and orlop deck 
which are nearest the sides. — 15. In Scripture, protection ; 
[generally in the plural.] — Ps. lxiii. 

WING, v. t. 1. To furnish with wings ; to enable to fly or 
to move with celerity. 2. To supply with side bodies. 
3. To transport by flight. — To wing a flight, to exert the 
power of flying. 

WING'-CXSE, ? n. The case or shell which covers the 

WING'-SHELL, ) wings of coleopterous insects, as the 
beetle, &c. — Booth. 

WING-€6V'ER-ING (-kuv'er-), a. Covering the wings. 

WING'-FOOT-ED, a. [wing and foot.} Having wings at- 
tached to the feet ; as, wing-footed Mercury. Hence, swift ; 
fleet.— Dray ton. 

WING-SHELL. See Wing-case. 

WING-ED, pp. 1. Furnished with wings ; transported by 
flying. 2. a. Having wings. 3. Swift ; rapid. 4. Wound- 
ed ; hurt. — 5. In botany, furnished with a leaf-like append- 
age ; the same as alate, which is more used. — 6. In herald- 
ry, represented with wings, or having wings of a different 
color from the body. 7. Fanned with wings ; swarming 
with birds. 

WINGED'-PeA, n. A plant.— Miller. 

WINGLESS, a. Having no wings ; not able to ascend 
or fly. 

WING'LET, »i. A little wing. 

WING'Y, a. Having wings ; rapid ; as, wingy speed. 

WINK, v. i. [Sax. wincian; D. wenken ; G. winken ; Sw. 
vinka ; Dan. vinker.] 1. To shut the eyes quickly ; to 
close the eyelids with a quick motion. 2. To close and 
open the eyelids quickly. 3. To give a hint by the motion 
of the eyelids. 4. To close the eyelids and exclude the 
light. 5. To be dim. — To wink at, to connive at ; to seem 
not to see ; to tolerate ; to overlook, as something not per- 
fectly agreeable. 

WINK, 7i. 1. The act of closing the eyelids quickly. 2. A 
hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. 

WINK'ER, n. 1. One who winks. — Pope. 2. A horse's 
blinder. — Booth. 

WINKING, ppr. Shutting the eyes quickly ; shutting and 
opening the eyelids quickly ; hinting by closing the eye ; 
conniving at ; overlooking. 

WINK'ING"-LY, adv. With the eye almost closed. 

WIN'NER, n. [from win.] One who gains by success in 
competition or contest. 

WIN'NING, ppr. [from win.] 1. Gaining by success in com- 
petition or contest 2. a. Attracting; adapted to gain fa- 
vor ; charming. 

WIN'NING, n. The sum won or gained by success in com- 
petition or contest. 

WIN'NING-LY, adv. In a winning manner. 

WIN'NoW, v. t. [L. evanno ; D., G. wannen.] 1. To sepa- 
rate and drive off the chaff from grain by means of wind. 
2. To fan ; to beat, as with wings. 3. To examine ; to sift 
for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth. 4. To 
separate, as the bad from the good. 

WIN'NoW, v. i. To separate chaff from corn. — Ecclus. 

WIN'No WED, pp. Separated from the chaff by wind ; sift- 
ed; examined. 

WIN'NoW-ER, n. One who winnows. 

WIN'NoW-ING, ppr. or a. Separating from the chaff by 
wind ; examining. 

WIN'NoW-ING, 7i. The act of separating from chaff by 
wind. 

* WIN'SoME, a. Merry ; cheerful. 

WINTER, n. [Sax.. G., D., Sw., Dan. winter.] 1. The cold 
season of the year. — Astronomically considered, winter 
commences, in northern latitudes, when the sun enters 
Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21st of December, 
and ends at the equinox in March ; but in ordinary dis- 
course, the three winter months are December, January, 
and February. 2. The part of a printing-press which sus- 
tains the carriage. 
ATIN'TER, v. i. To pass the winter. 



WINTER, v. t. To feed or manage during the winter. 

WINTER-APPLE (-ap'pl), n. [winter and apple.] An apple 
that keeps well in winter. 

WINTER-B AR'LEY, n. [winter and barley.] A kind of bar- 
ley which is sowed in autumn. 

WINTER-BE AT-EN, n. [winter and beat.] Harassed by 
the severe weather of winter. — Spenser. 

WINTER-BER'RY, n. A low shrub of the genus prinos. 
Loudon. 

WINTER-BLOOM, n. A plant of the genus azalea.— Lee. 

WINTER-CHERRY, n. A plant of the genus physdis, and 
its fruit. — Lee. 

WINTER-CITRON, n. A sort of pear. 

WINTER-CRESS, n. A plant of the genus barbarea. 

WINTER-CROP, n. A crop which will bear the winter, 
or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. 

WINTER-FAL'LoW, n. [winter and fallow.] Ground that 
is fallowed in winter. 

WINTER-GARDEN, ti. [winter and garden.] An orna- 
mental garden for winter. 

WINTER-GREEN, n. A plant of the genus pyrola ; also 
applied to plants of the genera chimaphila and gaultheria. 
Winter-green is used as a tonic and astringent. 

WINTER-KILL, v. t. [winter and kill] To kill by means 
of the weather in winter. [America.] 

WINTER-KILLED, pp. Killed by the winter, as grain. 

WINTER-KlLL-ING,^r. Killing by the weather in winter 

WINTER-LODgE, \n. In botany, the hybernacle of 

WINTER-LODG'MENT, 5 a plant, which protects the em- 
bryo or future shoot from injuries during the winter. 

WINTER-PE aR, n. [winter and pear.] Any pear that keeps 
well in winter. 

WINTER-QUARTERS, n. pi. The quarters of an army 
during the winter ; a winter residence or station. 

WINTER-RIG, v. t. [winter and rig.] To fallow or till in 
winter. [Local.] 

WIN'TER-SOL'STfCE (-stis), n. The solstice of the win- 
ter, which takes place when the sun enters Capricorn, De- 
cember 21st 

WINTERED, pp. or a. Kept through the winter ; lived 
through the winter. 

WINTER-IN G, ppr. Passing the winter ; keeping in winter 

WINTER-LY, a. Such as is suitable to winter.— Shak 
[Rare.] 

WINTER- Y, a. Suitable to winter ; brumal ; hyemal ; cold 
stormy. — Dryden. 

Wl'NY, a. Having the taste or qualities of wine. 

WINZE, n. In mining, a small shaft sunk from ore levo 1 
to another for the purpose of ventilation. — Francis. 

WlPE, v. t. [Sax. wipian.} 1. To rub with something soft 
for cleaning ; to clean by rubbing. 2. To strike off gently 

3. To cleanse from evil practices or abuses ; to overturn 
and destroy what is foul and hateful. 4. To cheat; to 
defraud. — To wipe away, to cleanse by rubbing or tersion. 
— To wipe off, to clear away. — To wipe out, to efface ; to 
obliterate. 

WlPE, n. 1. The act of rubbing for the purpose of cleaning. 
2. A blow; a stroke. 3. A gibe; a jeer; a severe sarcasm. 

4. A bird. 

WiPED (wipt), pp. Rubbed for cleaning ; cleaned by rub 

bing ; cleared away ; effaced. 
WlP'ER, n. 1. One who wipes. 2. The instrument used 

for wiping. — 3. In mills, a piece generally projecting from 

a horizontal axle, for the purpose of raising stampers or 

heavy pistons, and leaving them to fall by their own weight. 

— Brande. 
WIPING, ppr. Rubbing with a cloth or other soft thing for 

cleaning ; clearing away ; effacing. 
WlRE, n. [Sw. vir ; Ice. wijr.] A thread of metal; any 

metallic substance drawn to an even thread. 
WIRE, v. t. To bind with wire ; to apply wire to, as in bot- 
tling liquors. 
WlRE'-DRAW, v. t. [wire and draw.] 1. To draw a metal 

into wire, which is done by drawing it through a hole in 

a plate of steel. 2. To draw into length. 3. To draw by 

art or violence. 4. To draw or spin out to great length 

and tenuity. 
WlRE'-DRAW-ER, n. One who draws metal into wire. 
WlRE'-DRAW-ING, ppr. 1. Drawing a metal into wire. 

2. Drawing to a great length or fineness. 
WlRE'-DRAWN, pp. Drawn into wire ; drawn out to 

great length or fineness. 
WlRE'-GAUZE, 7i. A texture of finely interwoven wire 

resembling gauze. 
WlRE'-GRITE, 7i. A grate or contrivance of fine wiro 

work to keep insects out of vineries, hot-houses, &c. 
WlRE'-HEEL, n. [wire and heel] A defect and disease i* 

the feet of a horse or other beast. — Cyc. 
WlRE'-PULL-ER, n. One who pulls the wires, as of a pup 

pet ; hence, one who operates by secret means ; an in 

triguer. 
WlRE'-PU LL-ING, n. The act of pulling the wires, as of i 

puppet ; hence, secret influence or management ; intrigue 



* See Synopsis. I, £, I, &c, long.— 1, E\ I, &c. short — FaR, FALL, WHAT:~PREY;— MARINE, BIRD;- MOVE, BOOK. 



WIS 



1141 



WIT 



WIRE'-WokM (-wurm), n. [wire and worm.] 1. A 
given to the larvae of various beetles from their slender- 
ness and uncommon hardness. They destroy the roots 
of plants. 2. The American wire-worm is a species of 
lulus, with numerous feet. — E. C. Herrick. 
WlR'Y, a. Made of wire ; like wire. 
t WIS, v. t. ; pret. wist. [G. wissen : D. weeten.] To think ; 

to suppose ; to imagine. — Spenser. 
WIS'ARD, n. See Wizabd. 

WIS'DoM (wiz'dum), n. [Sax. ; wise and dom ; G. weisheii ; 
D. wysheid; Sw. visdom and vishet; Dan. visdom or viis- 
dom.] 1. The right use or exercise of knowledge ; the 
choice of laudable ends, and of the best means to accom- 
plish them. Wisdom, or practical wisdom, is nearly synon- 
ymous with discretion. It differs somewhat from pru- 
dence, in this respect ; prudence is the exercise of sound 
judgment in avoiding evils ; wisdom is the exercise of 
sound judgment either in avoiding evils or attempting 
good.— 2. In Scripture, human learning; erudition; knowl- 
edge of arts and sciences. 3. Quickness of intellect ; read- 
iness of apprehension ; dexterity in execution. 4. Natural 
instinct and sagacity. Job, xxxix. — In Scripture theology, 
wisdom is true religion ; godliness ; piety.— Ps. xc. 6. 
Profitable words or doctrine. — Ps. xxxvii. 
^VlSE, a. [Sax. wis, wise ; G. weise ; D. wys ; Sw. vis ; Dan. 
viis.] 1. Properly, having knowledge ; hence, having the 
power of discerning and judging correctly, or of discrim- 
inating between what is true and what is false ; between 
what is fit and proper and what is improper ; as, a wise 
prince. 2. Discreet and judicious in the use or application 
of knowledge ; choosing laudable ends and the best means 
to accomplish them. 3. Skillful ; dextrous. 4. Learned ; 
knowing. 5. Skilled in arts, science, philosophy, or in 
magic and divination. 6. Godly; pious. — Prov., xiii. 7. 
Skilled in hidden arts ; [a sense somewhat ironical] 8. 
Dictated or guided by wisdom ; containing wisdom ; ju- 
dicious ; well adapted to produce good effects ; [applica- 
ble to things ; as, a wise saying.] 9. Becoming a wise man ; 
grave ; discreet ; as, wise deportment. 
WISE, n. [Sax. wise ; G. weise ; D. wys ; Sw. ois.] Manner ; 
way of being or acting. — Spenser. [In the foregoing form, 
this word is obsolete. The use of it is now very limited. It 
is common in the following phrases : 1. In any wise. 2. On 
this wise. 3. In no wise. It is used in composition, as in 
likewise, otherwise, lengthwise, Sec] 
WiSE'-HEaRT-ED, a. [wise and heart.] Wise ; knowing ; 

skillful.— Ex., xxviii. 

WiSE'-SaY-ER, n. [G. weise, wise, and sagen, to say, to tell ; 

Vieissager, a foreteller.] 1. A foreteller ; one who is noted 

for predicting the weather. 2. One who Snakes preten- 

. sioas to great wisdom; hence, in contempt, a simpleton ; 

a dunce. 
WlSE'I-CRE (wlze'a-ker), n. [G. weise, wise, and sagen, to 
say ; G. weissager. The proper English word would be 
wise-sayer.] One who makes pretensions to great wis- 
dom; hence, in contempt, a simpleton; a dunce. — Ad- 
dison. 
WlSE'LING, n. One who pretends to be wise. — Bonne. 
WlSE'LY, adv. 1. Prudently ; judiciously ; discreetly ; with 

wisdom. 2. Craftily ; with art or stratagem. 
\ WlSE'NESS, n. Wisdom.— Spenser. 

WISH, v. i. [Sax. wiscan ; Cimbric oska.] 1. To have a de- 
sire, or strong desire, either for what is or is not supposed 
to be obtainable. It usually expresses less than long ; 
but sometimes it denotes to long or wish earnestly. 2. 
To be disposed or inclined. 3. It sometimes partakes of 
hope or fear. 
WISH, v. t. 1. To desire. 2. To long for ; to desire eager- 
ly or ardently ; to hanker after. 3. To recommend by 
wishing. 4. To imprecate. 5. To ask ; to express desire. 
WISH, n. 1. Desire ; sometimes eager desire. — Job, xxxiii. 
2. Desire expressed. 3. Thing desired. — The difference 
between wish and desire seems to be, that desire is direct- 
ed to what is obtainable, and a wish may be directed to 
what is obtainable or not. — Karnes. 
WISHED (wisht), pp. Desired ; or ardently desired. 
\ WISH'ED-LY, adv. With longing ; wishfully.— Mirror for 

Magistrates. 
WISHER, n. One who desires ; one who expresses a 

wish. 
WISHFUL, a. 1. Having desire, or ardent desire. 2. Show- 
ing desire. 3. Desirable ; exciting wishes ; [bad.] 
WIPH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With desire, or ardent desire. 2. 

With the show of desiring. 
WISHING, ppr. Desiring. 

tWISH'LY, adv. According to desire. — Knolles. 
WISK'ET, n. A basket.— Ainsworth. 
WISP, n. [Dan. visk.] A small bundle of straw or other 

like substance. 
tWIST, pret. of wis. 

WIST'FUL, a. Full of thoughts ; earnest ; attentive. 
WIST'FUL-LY, adv. Attentively ; earnestly.— Hudibras. 
WIS'TIT, n. The striated monkey, a small South Ameri- 



can monkey, with sharp claws and squirrel-like hablta , 
the ouistiti of Buffon. — Cuvier. 
t WISTLY, adv. Earnestly.— Shak. 
WISTON-WISH, n. A rodent quadruped of America, th* 

prairie-dog, which see. — Pike. 
WIT, v. i. [Sax., Goth, witan ; D. weeten ; G. wissen, to 
know.] To know. This verb is used only in the infini 
tive, to wit, namely, that is to say. [L. videlicet, i. e., vidert 
licet.] 
WIT, n. [Sax. wit or ge-wit ; G. witz ; Dan. vid.] 1. Prima- 
rily, the intellect ; the understanding or mental powers. 
2. The association of ideas in a manner natural, but unue- 
ual and striking, so as to produce surprise joined with 
pleasure. 3. The faculty of associating ideas in a new 
and unexpected manner. 4. A man of genius. 5. A man 
of fancy or wit. 6. Sense ; judgment. 7. Faculty of the 
mind. — 8. Wits, in the plural, soundness of mind ; intellect 
not disordered ; sound mind. 9. Power of invention > 
contrivance. — Syn. Ingenuity ; humor ; satire ; sarcasm ; 
irony; burlesque. 
tWIT'-CRACK-ER, n. [wit mi cracker.] One who breaks 

jests; a joker. — Shak. 
t WIT'-CRaFT, n. Contrivance ; invention, 
t WIT'-SNAP-PER, n. One who affects repartee.— Shak. 
Wir-STARV£D, a. Barren of wit ; destitute of genius, 
t WIT-W6RM, n. [wit and worm.] One who feeds on wit 
WITCH, n. [Sax. wicca.] 1. A woman who, by compact 
with the devil, practices sorcery or enchantment. 2. A 
woman who is given to unlawful arts. 3. [Sax. wic] A 
winding, sinuous bank. — Spenser ; [obs.] 4. A piece of 
conical paper which, placed in a vessel of lard and lighted, 
answers the purpose of a taper. [Qu. wick.] [Local.] 
WITCH, v. t. To bewitch ; to fascinate ; to enchant.— Shak. 
WITCH'-ELM, n. A kind of elm, the ulmus montana, prop- 
erly wychrelm. 
WITCH'-Ha-Z-EL, n. 1. A shrub, the hamamelis Virginica, 
which flowers in autumn when its leaves are falling. 2. 
The witch-elm or wych-elm. 
WITCHCRAFT, n. [witch and craft.] 1. The practices of 
witches ; sorcery ; enchantments ; intercourse with the 
devil. 2. Power more than natural. 
WITCHED (wicht), pp. Bewitched ; fascinated. 
WITCH'ER-Y, n. 1. Sorcery ; enchantment. 2. Fascination. 
WITCHING, a. Suited to enchantment or witchcraft ; as, 

the witching time of night. — Shak. 
WITCHING, ppr. Fascinating; enchanting, 
t WlTE, v. t. [Sax. witan.] To reproach ; to blame. 
t WlTE, n. Blame ; reproach. 
t WlTE'LESS, a. Blameless.— Spenser. 
WITE-NA-GE-MoTE', n. [Sax. witan, to know, and gemot, 
a meeting, a council.] A meeting of wise men ; the na- 
tional council or legislature of England, in the days of the 
Saxons, before the Conquest. 
WITH, prep. [Sax. with.] 1. By, noting cause, instrument, 
or means. 2. On the side of, noting friendship or favor. 
3. In opposition to ; in competition or contest. 4. Noting 
comparison. 5. In company. 6. In the society of. 7. In 
connection, or in appendage. 8. In mutual dealing or in- 
tercourse. 9. Noting confidence. 10. In partnership. 11. 
Noting connection. 12. Immediately after. 13. Among. 
14. Upon. 15. In consent, noting parity of state. — With, 
in composition, signifies sometimes opposition, privation ; 
or separation, departure. 
WITH-AL', adv. [with and all] 1. With the rest ; together 
with ; likewise ; at the same time. 2. It is sometimes 
used for with. 
WITH'AM-iTE, n. A variety of epidote of a red or yellow 

color, found in Scotland. — Dana. 
WITH-DRAW, v. t. [with and draw.] 1. To take away what 
has been enjoyed ; to take from ; as, to withdraw supplies. 
2. To take back ; to recall or retract ; as, to withdratc 
charges. 3. To recall ; to cause to retire or leave ; to call 
back or away. 
WITH-DRAW, v. i. To quit a company or place.— Syn. 

To retire ; retreat ; recede ; retrograde ; go back. 
WITH-DRAW'ER, n. One who bereaves.— Outred. 
WITH-DRAW'ING, ppr. Taking back ; recalling ; retiring. 
WITH-DRAW'ING-ROOM, n. A room behind another 

room for retirement ; a drawing-room. — Mortimer. 
WITH-DRAW'MENT, \n. The act of withdrawing ; the 
WITH-DRAW AL, 5 act of taking back ; a recalling.— 

Ch. Obs. " 
WITH-DRAWN', pp. of withdraw. Recalled ; taken back. 
WITHE, n. [Sax. withig.] 1. A willow twig. 2. A band 

consisting of a twig, or twigs twisted. 
WITH.ED (witht), a. Bound with a withe. 
WITHER, v. i. [W. gwiz ; Sax. gewitherod.] 1. To fade ; 
to lose its native freshness ; to become sapless ; to dry. 
2. To waste ; to pine away, as animal bodies. 3. To lose 
or want animal moisture. 
WITHER v.t. 1. To cause to fade and become dry. 2. 
To cause to shrink, wrinkle, and decay, for want of ani- 
mal moisture. 



D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE •— AN"GER VI"CIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; THasin this, t Obsolete. 



WIT 



1142 



WOL 



WITH'ER-BAND, n. A piece of iron laid under a saddle 
near a horse's withers, to strengthen the bow. 

WITH'ER-WRUNG (-rung), a. Injured or hurt in the with- 
ers, as a horse. — Cyc. 

WITHERED, pp. or a. Faded ; dried ; shrunk. 

WITH'ER-ED-NESS, n. The state of being withered. 

WITH'ER-ING, ppr. Fading ; becoming dry. 

WITH'ER-ING-LY, adv. In a manner tending to wither, or 
cause to shrink. 

WITH'ER-lTE, n. [from Dr. Withering.] In mineralogy, a 
native carbonate of baryta. 

WITH'ER-NAM, n. [Sax. wither and naman.] In law, a sec- 
ond or reciprocal writ or distress, in lieu of a first dis- 
tress which has been eloigned ; reprisal. 

WITHERS, n. The juncture of the shoulder-bones of a 
horse, at the bottom of the neck. 

WITHHELD', pret. and pp. of withhold. 

WITH-HoLD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. withheld, [with and hold.] 

1. To hold back ; to restrain ; to hinder ; to keep from 
action. 2. To retain ; to keep back ; not to grant. 

WITH-H5LD'.EN, pp. The old participle of withhold ; now 
obsolete. We use withheld. 

VVITH-HoLD'ER, n. One who withholds. 

WITH-HoLD'ING, ppr. Holding back ; restraining ; retain- 
ing ; not granting. 

WITH-HoLD'MENT, n. Act of withholding. 

WITH-IN', prep. [Sax. withinnan.] 1. In the inner part. 2. 
In the limits or compass of ; not beyond ; used of place 
and time. 3. Not reaching to any thing external. 4. In 
the compass of; not longer ago than. 5. Not later than. 
6. In the reach of. 7. Not exceeding. 8. In the heart or 
confidence of; [inelegant.] 9. In the house ; in any in- 
closure. 

WITH-IN', adv. 1. In the inner part ; inwardly ; internally. 

2. In the mind. 

WITH-IN'SlDE, adv. [within and side.] In the inner parts. 
— Sharp. [Bad.] 

WITHOUT, prep. [Sax. withutan ; with and out.] 1. Not 
with. 2. In a state of destitution or absence from. 3. In 
a state of not having, or of destitution. 4. Beyond ; not 
within. 5. Supposing the negation or omission of. 6. In- 
dependent of; not by the use of. 7. On the outside of. 
8. With exemption from. 9. Unless ; except. In this 
sense, it has been classed among conjunctions, but is truly 
a preposition, followed by a member of a sentence, in- 
stead of a single noun. This use of without is nearly su- 
perseded by unless and except, among good writers and 
speakers; but is common in popular discourse. 

W1TH-OUT', adv. 1. Not on the inside; not within. 2. 
Out of doors. 3. Externally ; not in the mind. 

i WITH-OUT'-EN, for withutan, the Saxon word for with- 
out. — Spenser. 

WITHSTAND', v. t. [with and stand.] To oppose ; to re- 
sist, either with physical or moral force. 

WITH-STAND'ER, n. One who opposes ; an opponent ; a 
resisting power. — Raleigh. 

WITH-STAND'ING, ppr. Opposing ; making resistance. 

WITH-STOOD', pp. Opposed; resisted. 

WITH'-ViNE, \n. A local name for the couch-grass. — 

WITH'-WINE, 5 Cyc. 

WITHWlND, n. [L. convolvulus.] A plant. 

WITH'Y, n. [Sax. withig.] A large species of willow ; a 
withe or twig. 

WITHT, a. Made of withes ; like a withe ; flexible and 
tough. 

WITLESS, a. [wit and less.] 1. Destitute of wit or under- 
standing ; inconsiderate ; wanting thought. 2. Indiscreet ; 
not under the guidance of judgment. 

WITLESS-LY, adv. Without the exercise of judgment. 

f WIT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of judgment.— Sandys. 

WITLING, n. [dim. from wit.] A person who has little wit 
or understanding ; a pretender to wit. — Pope. 

WIT'NESS, n. [Sax. witnesse.} 1. Testimony; attestation 
of a fact or event. 2. That which furnishes evidence or 
proof. 3. A person who knows or sees any thing ; one 
personally present. 4. One who sees the execution of an 
instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirm- 
ing its authenticity by his testimony. 5. One who gives 
testimony. — With a witness, effectually ; to a great degree ; 
with great force ; [not elegant.] 

WIT'NESS, v. t. 1. To see or know by personal presence. 
— Watts. — Robert Hall. 2. To attest ; to give testimony to ; 
to testify to something. 3. To see the execution of an in- 
strument, and subscribe it for the purpose of establishing 
its authenticity. — In the imperative mode, see, in evidence 
or proof; as, witness the habeas corpus, the independence 
of judges, &c. — Ames. 
WITNESS, v. i. 1. To bear testimony. 2. Tc give evi- 
dence. 

WITNESSED (wifnest), pp. Seen in person ; testified ; 

subscribed by persons present. 
WITNESS-ING, ppr. Seeing in person ; bearing testimony ; 
giving evidence, 



WIT'TED, a. Having wit or understanding. 
WITTI-CISM, n. [from wit.] A sentence or phrase whicn 

is affectedly witty ; a low kind of wit. — Addison. 
WIT'TI-LY, adv. 1. With wit ; with a delicate turn or phrase, 

or with an ingenious association of ideas. 2. Ingeniously 

cunningly ; artfully. 
WIT'TI-NESS, n. The quality of being witty.— Spenser. 
WITTING-LY, adv. Knowingly ; with knowledge ; by de- 
sign. — More. See Wit. 
WIT'TOL, n. [Sax. from witan.] A man who knows his 

wife's infidelity and submits to it ; a tame cuckold. 
WIT'TOL-LY, adv. Like a tame cuckold.— Shak. 
WITTY, a. 1. Possessed of wit ; full of wit. 2. Judicious , 

ingenious ; inventive. 3. Sarcastic ; full of taunts. — Syn. 

Acute ; smart ; sharp ; arch ; keen ; facetious ; satirical ; 

ironical; taunting. 
WIT'WALL, n. A bird, the golden oriole ; also, the great 

spotted woodpecker. — P. Cyc. 
t WiVE, v. i. [from wife.] To marry.— Shah. 
WlVE, v.t. ] . To match to a wi£e.—Shak. 2. To take for 



-Shak.; [obs.] 
ena 



a wife.- 
t WlVE'HOOD, n. Behavior becoming a wife. — Spenser. 
WlVE'LESS, a. Not having a wife. 
WlVE'LY, a. Pertaining to a wife.— Sidney. 
WlVER } 
WTV'ERN \ n ' A k" 1 ^ °f heraldic dragon. — Thynne. 

WIVES, pZ. of Wife. 

WIZ'ARD, n. [from wise.] A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a 
sorcerer. — Lev., xx. — Dryden. 

WIZ'ARD, a. 1. Enchanting ; charming. — Collins. 2- 
Haunted by wizards. — Milton. 

WIZ'-EN, v. i. [Sax. wisnian.] To wither ; to dry. [Local.] 

Wo AD, n. [Sax. wad or waad ; G. waid, weid ; D. weede.] A 
plant of the genus isatis, formerly much used for giving a 
permanent blue dye, but now chiefly superseded by in- 
digo. — Ure. 

WoAD'-MILL, n. A mill for bruising and preparing woad. 

Wo'BE-GONE (-gawn), a. [wo, be, and gone.] Overwhelmed 
with woe ; immersed in grief and sorrow. — Fairfax. 

Wo'DEN, n. An Anglo-Saxon deity supposed to correspond 
to Mercury of the ancients, from whom Wednesday de- 
rives its name. — Brande. 

W5E, 7i. [Sax. wa ; L. va , Gr. ovai ; W gwae ; G. weh ; D. 
wee ; Sw. ve.] 1. Grief; sorrow ; misery ; a heavy calam 
ity. 2. A curse. — 3. Woe is used in denunciation, and in 
exclamations of sorrow; as, "woe is me." Is., vi. — " Woe 
worth the day," woe be to the day ; Sax. wurthan, weorthan, 
or wyrthan, to be, to become. 

WoE'-SHiK'-EN, a. Shaken by woe. 

f WoE'S6ME (wo'sum), a. Woeful. — Langhorne. 

WoE'FUL, la. 1. Sorrowful; distressed with grief or ca- 

Wo'FUL, 5 lamity; afflicted. 2. Sorrowful; full of dis- 
tress. 3. Bringing calamity, distress, or affliction. 4. 
Wretched ; paltry ; pitiful. — Syn. Mournful ; calamitous ; 
afflictive ; piteous ; miserable ; doleful ; rueful. 

WoE'FUL-LY, > adv. 1. Sorrowfully ; mournfully ; in a 

Wo'FU L-LY, ) distressing manner. 2. Wretchedly ; ex 
tremely. 

t WOFT, for waft.— Shak. 

WoLD, in Saxon, is the same as wald and weald, a wood ; 
sometimes, perhaps, a lawn or plain. Wald signifies, also, 
power, dominion, from waldan, to rule. These words oc- 
cur in names. 

WOLF (wulf), n. [Sax. wulf; G., D. wolf] 1. A ravenous 
animal of the genus canis, a beast of prey that kills sheep 
and other small domestic animals ; called, sometimes, the 
wild dog. 2. A small white worm or maggot, which in- 
fests granaries. 3. An eating ulcer. 

WOLF'-DOG, n. 1. A dog of a large breed, kept to guard 
sheep. 2. A dog supposed to be bred between a dog and 
a wolf. 

WOLF'-FISH, n. A fierce, voracious fish, the anarrhicas 
lupus ; called, also, sea-wolf and sea-cat. — Jardine } s Nat. Lib 

WOLF'-NET, n. A kind of net used in fishing, which take* 
great numbers. — Cyc. 

WOLFISH, a. Like a wolf ; having the qualities or form 
of a wolf. 

WOLF'ISH-LY, adv. In a wolfish manner.— Borrow. 

WOL'FRAM, n. A brownish or grayish-black ore of tung 
sten. 

WOLF'S'-BINE, n. 1. A poisonous plant; aconite. 9 
The winter aconite, or helleborus hyemalis. — Lee. 

WOLF'S'-€LAW, n. A cryptogamous plant of the genti 
lycopodium, or club-moss kind. 

WOLF'S'-MILK, n. An herb.— Ainsworth. 

WOLF'S'-PeACH, n. A plant, the tomato or love-apple. 

WOL'LAS-TON-ITE, n. [from Dr. Wollaston.] A variety 
of tabular spar. — Dana. 

WOL-VER-KNE', \ n. A carnivorous quadruped, the gula 

WOL-VER-lNE', 5 luscus, closely allied to the glutton, 
and inhabiting the coasts of the Arctic Sea. 



* See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &,c.,long.—l, 1, 1, &c. ( short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;--MARiNE, BiRD ;— MoVE, BOOK, 



woo 



1143 



WOO 



WOL- VER-INE', n. A cant term given to an inhabitant of 

Michigan. 
WOL'VISH, a. More properly wolfish, which see. 
WOM'AN, n. ; pi. Women, [a compound of womb and man.] 

1. The female of the human race, grown to adult years. 

2. A female attendant or servant. 
WOMAN, v. t. To make pliant.— Shak. 
WOMAN-HXT'ER, n. [woman and hater.] One who has 

an aversion to the female sex. — Swift. 

WoM'AN-LiKE, a. Like a woman. 

\ WoM'AN-ED, a. Accompanied or united with a woman. 

WOMAN-HOOD, a. [woman and hood.] The state, charac- 
ter, or collective qualities of a woman. — Spenser. 

f WOMAN-iZE, v. t. To make effeminate. 

WOMAN-ISH, a. Suitable to a woman ; having the quali- 
ties of a woman ; feminine. — Dry den. 

WOMAN-ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a woman.— Com- 
mentary on Chaucer. 

WOMAN-ISH-NESS, n. State or quality of being woman- 
ish. — Hammond. 

WOMAN-KIND, n. [woman and kind.] The female sex ; 
the race of females of the human kind. — Addison. 

WOMAN-LY, a. Becoming a woman ; feminine. — Donne. 

WOMAN-LY, adv. In the manner of a woman. 

WOMB (woom). n. [Sax. wamb ; Goth, wamba ; Sw. vamb , 
Dan. vom.] 1. The uterus of a female ; that part where 
the young of an animal is conceived and nourished till its 
birth. 2. The place where any thing is produced. 3. 
Any large or deep cavity. 

f W6MB, v. t. To inclose ; to breed in secret— Shak. 

WOM'BAT, n. A marsupiate quadruped, of the opossum 
family. It is about the size of the badger, and inhabits 
New Holland 

t WOMBY (woom'y), a. Capacious.— Shak. 

WOM'EN (wim'en), n. ; pi. of Woman. It is supposed the 
word is from Sax. wifman. 

W6N (wan), pret.zxid.pp. of win; as, victories won. 

t WON, > v. i. [Sax. wwnian ; G. wohnen ; D. woonen.] To 

f WoNE, j dwell ; to abide. Its participle is retained in 
wont, that is, woned. — Milton. 

f W6N, n. A dwelling. — Spenser. 

WONDER (wun'der), n. [Sax., G.wunder ; D. wonder.] 1. 
That emotion which is excited by novelty, or the present- 
ation, to the sight or mind, of something new, unusual, 
strange, great, extraordinary, or not well understood ; 
something that arrests the attention by its novelty, grand- 
eur, or inexplicableness. Wonder expresses less than as- 
tonishment, and much less than amazement. It differs from 
admiration, in not being necessarily accompanied with 
love, esteem, or approbation, nor directed to persons. But 
wonder sometimes is nearly allied to astonishment. 2. 
Cause of wonder ; that which excites surprise ; a strange 
thing; a prodigy. 3. Any thing mentioned with surprise. 
4. A miracle. — Ex., iii. 

WON'DER (wun'der), v. i. [Sax. wundrian.] To be affected 
by surprise or admiration. — Swift. 

WONDER-STRUCK, a. [wonder and struck.] Struck with 
wonder, admiration, and surprise. — Dryden. 

WON'DER-WORK'ING (wun'der-wurk'ing), a. Doing won- 
ders or surprising things. 

WONTJER-ER n. One who wonders. 

WON'DER-FUL, a. Adapted to excite wonder or admira- 
tion ; exciting surprise ; strange ; astonishing. 

WONT)ER-FUL-LY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder 
or surprise. 

WON'DER-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being wonderful. 

WON'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Indulging or feeling wonder. 

WON'DER-ING-LY, adv. In a wondering manner. 

WON'DER-OUS, adv. See Wondrous. 

WON'DER-MENT, n. Surprise; astonishment; a wonder- 
ful appearance. [ Vulgar.] 

WON'DROUS, a. Admirable ; marvelous ; such as may 
excite surprise and astonishment; strange. 

WON'DROUS, adv. In a wonderful or surprising degree ; 
as, a place wondrous deep. [Burlesque style.] 

WON'DROUS-LY, adv. In a strange or wonderful manner 
or degree. — Glanville. 

WON'T, a contraction of woll not, that is, will not. 

WONT, a. [wont is strictly the participle passive of won, 
wone ; Sax. wunian, to dwell, to consist ; G. wohnen ; D. 
woonen.] Accustomed ; habituated ; using or doing cus- 
tomarily. 
WONT, n. Custom; habit; use. — Hooker. 

\ WONT, v. i. To be accustomed or habituated ; to be 
used. 

WONTED, pp or a. 1. Accustomed ; used. — Spenser. 2. 
Accustomed ; made familiar by use. — L'Estrange. 

W^tNT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being accustomed. 

fWONT'LESS, a. Unaccustomed; unused. — Spenser. 

WOO, v. t. [Sax. wogan.] 1. To court ; to solicit in love. 
2. To court solicitously ; to invite with importunity. 

WOO, v. i. To court ; to make love. — Dryden. 

f WOOD, a. [Sax. wod.] Mad ; furious. — Spenser. 



WOQD, n. [Sax. wuda, wudu ; D. woud ; W. gttyz.] 1. A 
large and thick collection of trees ; a forest. 2. The sub- 
stance of trees, or the solid part which lies beneath the 
bark. 3. Trees cut or sawed for the fire. 4. Timber ; 
trees cut for architectural purposes. 5. An idol. — Hab^ ii. 

WOOD, v. i. To supply or get supplies of wood. 

WOOD-A-NEM'O-NE, n. A plant, anemone nemorosa. Set 
Anemone. 

WOOD'-aNT, n. [wood and ant.] A large ant living in so- 
ciety in woods and forests, and constructing large nests. — 
E. C. Herrick. 

WOOD'-ASH-ES, n. pi. [wood and ashes.] The remains of 
burned wood or plants. 

WOOD'-BOUND, a. [wood and bound.] Encumbered with 
tall, woody hedgerows. 

WOOD'-CHAT, n. A species of butcher-bird or shrike. 

WOOD-CHOIR (kwire), n. Songsters in a wood. 

WOOD'-CoAL, n. [wood and coal] Charcoal ; also, lignite 
or brown coal. 

WOOD'-CRaFT, n. Skill and practice in shooting and oth 
er sports in the woods. 

WOOD'-CUT, n. An engraving on wood. 

WOOD'-CUT-TER, n. A person who cuts wood. 

WOOD'-CUT-TING, a. Cutting wood. 

WOOD'-CUT-TING, n. The act or employment of cutting 
wood. 

WOOD'-DRINK, n. [wood and drink.] A decoction or in- 
fusion of medical woods. 

WOOD'-ECH'O (-ek'o), n. An echo from the wood. 

WOOD-EN-GRaV'ING, n. 1. Xylography ; the act or art 
of engraving on wood. — Ci/c. 2. An engraving on wood. 

WOOD'-FRET-TER, n. [wood and fret.] An insect or worm 
that eats wood. — Ainsworth. 

WOOD'-GOD, n. A pretended sylvan deity. — Spenser. 

WOOD'-H6LE, n. A place where wood is laid up. 

WOOD'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed in which wood ia 
deposited and sheltered from the weather. [ U. States.] 

WOOD-LAND, n. 1. Land covered with wood ; [Amer- 
ica.] — 2. In England, a soil which, from its humidity and 
color, resembles the soil in woods. 

WOOD'-LAND, a. Covered with woods ; belonging to the 
woods. — Dryden. 

WOOD'-LaRK, n. A bird, a species of lark, the alauda 
arborea, which, like the sky -lark, utters its notes while on 
the wmg.—Jardine. 

WOOD'-LaY-ER, n. A young oak or other timber-plant, 
laid down in a hedge among the white thorn or other 
plants used in hedges. 

WOOD'-LOCK, n. In ship-building, a piece of elm, close- 
fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score 
of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising. 

WOOD'-LOUSE, n. An insect, the mffleped. 

WOOD'-MEIL, n. A coarse, hairy stuff made of Iceland 
wool, used to line the ports of ships of war. — Cyc. 

WOOD'-MITE, 7i. A small insect found in old wood. 

WOOD'-M0N"GER, n. A wood-seller. 

WOOD'-MoTE, n. In England, the ancient name of the 
forest court ; now the court of attachment. 

WOOD'-NiGHT'SHaDE, n. A plant ; woody nightshade. 

WOOD'-NOTE, n. [wood and note.] Wild music. 

WOOD-NYMPH (-nimf), n. [wood and nymph.] A fabled 
goddess of the woods ; a dryad. — Milton. 

WOOD'-OF'FER-ING, n. Wood burned on the altar. 

WOOD'-o-PAL, n. _ A striped variety of coarse opal, hav 
ing some resemblance to wood. — Dana. 

WOOD'-PIO-EON, n. The ring-dove.— Ed. Encyc.—P. Cyc 

WOOD-Pu'CE-RON, n. A small insect which penetrates 
into wood. 

WOOD'-REEVE, n. [wood and reeve.] In England, the 
steward or overseer of a wood. 

WOOD'-ROCK, n. A compact variety of asbestus. — Dana 

WOOD'-ROOF, \ n. [wood and roof or ruff.] A plant of the 

WOOD'-RUFF, > genus asperula. — Loudon. 

WOOD'-SIOE, n. [wood and sage.] A plant found in 
woods, teucrium scorodonia, having the smell of garlic. — 
Loudon. 

WOOD'-SIRE, n. A kind of froth seen on herbs ; froth 
spit ; cuckoo-spit. — Booth 

WOOD'-SCREW, n. The ordinary screw made of iron, 
for uniting pieces of wood. 

WOOD'-SeRE, n. The time when there is no sap in a tree. 

WOOD'-SHOCK, n. A North American quadruped, of the 
weasel tribe ; also called pekan. fisher-weasel, &c. 

WOOD'-SOOT, n. [wood and soot.] Soot from burned 
wood, which has been found useful as a manure. 

WOOD'-SOR-REL, n. A plant of the genus oxalis, having 
an acid taste. 

WOOD'-SPlTE. n. [wood and spite.] A name given in some 
parts of England to the green woodpecker.— Ed. Encyc. 

WOOD'-STONE, n. A striped variety of horn-stone, some 
what resembling wood in appearance. — Dana. 

WOOD-TIN, n. A nodular variety of oxyd of tin, of a 
brown color, found in Cornwall. — Brandt. 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsotei 



woo 



1144 



WOR 



♦VQQD -WARD, n. [wood and ward.] An officer of the for- 
est whose duty is to guard the woods. [England.] 

WOOD'- WASH, ^ 7i. Names applied to dyer's broom, 

WOOD-WAX, v or dyer's weed, genista tinctoria.— 

VVOOD'-WAX-j;N, > Cyc— Booth. 

WOOD'-W6RK, n. That part of any structure which is 
wrought of wood. 

WOOD'-WoRM (-wurm), n. A worm that is bred in wood. 

WOOD'BlND, ) n. A name given to the honeysuckle, a 

WOODBINE, 3 species of caprifolium or lonicera. — Lee. 

WOOD'CHUCK, n. [wood, and Persian chuk, a hog.] The 
popular name, in New England, of a rodent burrowing 
quadruped, a species of the marmot, the arctomys monax ; 
also called ground-hog. 

WOOD'GOCK, n. [wood and cock.) A bird allied to the 
snipes, but with a more robust bill. Its flesh is esteemed 
a delicacy. 

WOOD'GOCK SHELL, n. A name given by English nat- 
uralists to the shells of certain mollusks of the genus mu- 
rex, which have a very long tube with or without spines. 
— Rces' Cyc. — P. Cyc. 

WOOD'ED, a. Supplied or covered with wood. 

WOOD'iSN, a. [from wood.] 1. Made of wood ; consisting 
of wood. 2. Clumsy ; awkward. — Collier. 

WQOD'ING, ppr. Getting or supplying with wood.— Wash- 
ington. 

WOOD'LESS, a. Destitute of wood.— Mitford. 

WOOD'LESS-NESS, n. State of being destitute of wood. 

WQOD'LY, adv. Madly.— Huloet. 

WOOD'MAN, n. 1. A forest officer, appointed to take care 
of the king's wood ; [England.] 2. A sportsman ; a hunt- 
er. — Pope. 3. One who cuts down trees. 

fWOOD'NESS, n. Anger; madness; rage. — Fisher. 

WOOD'PEGK-ER, n. [wood and peck.] A name of numer- 
ous species of scansorial birds, of the genus picus, which 
have strong bills, and peck holes in the wood or bark of 
trees, in pursuit of insects. 

WOOD'Y, a. 1. Abounding with wood. 2. Consisting of 
wood; ligneous. 3. Pertaining to woods ; sylvan. — Woody 
fibre consists of slender membranous tubes, tapering at 
each end, in the tissue of plants. 

WOOD'Y-NIGHT'SHaDE, n. A plant; bitter-sweet, sola- 
num dulcamara. 

WOO'ER, n. One who courts or solicits in love. — Syn. 
Suitor; lover; paramour. 

WOOF, n. [Sax. weft; Sw. vaf.\ 1. The threads that cross 
the warp in weaving ; the weft. 2. Texture ; cloth. 

WOOFY, a. Having a close texture ; dense ; as, a woofy 
cloud. — Miss J. Baillie. 

WOOING, ppr. Courting ; soliciting in love. 

WOO'ING-LY, adv. Enticingly ; with persuasiveness ; so 
as to invite to stay. — Shak. 

WOOL (wul), n. [Sax. wul; Ger. wolle; D. wol ; Sw. ull ; 
Dan. uld.] 1. That soft species of hair which grows on 
sheep and some other animals, which in fineness some- 
times approaches to fur. 2. Short, thick hair. — 3. In bot- 
any, a sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling 
hairs, on the surface of certain plants. 

WOOL'-BALL, n. A ball or mass of wool found in the 
stomach of sheep. — Cyc. 

WOOL'-€oMB-ER (-kom-er), n. One whose occupation is 
to comb wool. 

WOOL'-DRlV-ER, n. [wool and driver.] One who buys 
wool and carries it to market. 

WOOL'-GATH-ER-ING, a. or n. A term applied to a va- 
grant or idle exercise of the imagination, often leading to 
a neglect of present objects. — Burton. 

WOOL'-GRoW-ER, n. [wool and grow.] A person who 
raises sheep for the production of wool. 

WOOL'-GRoW-ING, a. Producing sheep and wool. 

WOOL'-PACK, n. [wool and pack.] 1. A pack or bag of 
wool. 2. Any thing bulky without weight. — Cleaveland. 

WOOL-SACK, n. [wool and sack.] 1. A sack or bag of 
wool. 2. The seat of the lord chancellor of England, in 
the House of Lords, being a large square bag of wool, 
without back or arms, covered with red cloth. — Brande. 

WOOL'-STa-PLE, 72. [wool and staple.] A city or town 
where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for 
sale. 

WOOL'-STa-PLER, n. One who deals in wool. 

WOOL'-TRXDE, n. [wool and trade.] The trade in wool. 

WOOL'-WiND-ER, n. A person employed to wind or make 
up wool into bundles, to be packed for sale. 

WOOLD, v. t. [D. woelen, bewoelen ; G. wuhlen.] To wind ; 
particularly, to wind a rope round a mast or yard, where 
it has been fished or secured. 
WOOLD'ED, pp. Bound fast with ropes ; wound round. 
WOOLD'ER, n. A stick used in woolding.— Mar. Diet. 
WOOLD'ING, ppr. Binding fast with ropes ; winding round. 
WOOLD'ING, 7i. 1. The act of winding, as a rope round a 
mast. 2. The rope used for binding masts and spars. 

WOOL'EN, a. 1. Made of wool ; consisting of wool. 2. 
Pertaining to wool ; as, woolen manufactures. 



WOOL'EN, 7i. Cloth made of wool.— Pope. 

WOOL'EN-DRI-PER, 7i. One who deals in woolen goods 

WOOL'FEL, 7i. [wool and/eZ.] A skin with the wool. 

WOOL'I-NESS, 7i. The state of being woolly. 

WOOL'LY, a. 1. Consisting of wool. 2. Resembling wooL 
3. Clothed with wool. — 4. In botany, clothed with a pubes- 
cence resembling wool. 

WOOL'LY-PAS'TI-NUM, n. A name given in the East In- 
dies to a species of red orpiment or arsenic. — Cyc. 

t WOOL'WARD, adv. In wool. — To go woolward, was to 
wear woolen next the skin, as a penance. — Toone. — Shak. 

WOOP, 7i. A bird. 

WO OS, 7i. A plant ; a sea- weed. 

WOOTZ, 7i. A kind of steel imported from Bengal, pecul- 
iarly excellent for some cutting instruments. — Brande. 

W6RD (wurd), n. [Sax. word or wyrd ; G. wort ; D. woord , 
Dan., Sw. ord.] 1. An articulate or vocal sound, or a 
combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the 
human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; 
a single component part of human speech or language ; a 
term. 2. The letter or letters, written or printed, which 
represent a sound or combination of sounds. 3. A short 
discourse. 4. Talk; discourse. 5. Dispute; verbal con- 
tention. 6. Language ; living speech ; oral expression. 
7. Promise ; engagement. 8. Signal ; order ; command. 
9. Account; tidingj , message. 10. Declaration; purpose 
expressed. 11. Declaration ; affirmation. 12. The Scrip- 
ture ; divine revelation, or any part of it. Tins is called 
the word of God. 13. Christ. — John, i. 14. A motto ; u 
short sentence ; a proverb. Spenser. — A good word, com- 
mendation ; favorable account. Pope. — In word, in decla- 
ration only. — 1 John, iii. 

W6RD (wurd), v. i. To dispute. — L'Estrange. [Little used.] 

WORD, v. t. To express in words.— Addison. 

W6RD'-CATCH-ER, n. One who cavils at words.— Pope. 

W6RD'ED (wurd'ed), pp. Expressed in words. 

t W6RD'ER, 7i. A speaker.— Whitlock. 

W6RD1-LY adv. In a verbose or wordy manner. 

W6RD'I-NESS, 7i. [from wordy.] The state or quality ot 
abounding with words. — Ash. 

WORDING (wurd'ing), ppr. Expressing in words. 

WoRD'ING, 7i. 1. The act of expressing in words. 2. Tho 
manner of expressing in words. 

t WORD'ISH, a. Respecting words. — Sidney. 

t WoRD'ISH-NESS, n. Manner of wording. 

WoRD'LESS, a. Not using words ; not speaking ; silent. 

W6RDY (wurd'e), a. 1. Using many words ; verbose.— 
Spectator. 2. Containing many words ; full of words.— * 
Phillips. 

WoRE, pret. of wear ; as, he wore gloves. 

WORE, prft. of wear ; as, they wore ship. 

W6RK (wurk), v. i.; pret. and pp. worked or wrought 
[Sax. weorcan, wircan, wyrcan; Goth, waurkyan; D. werk* 
en ; Ger. wirken.] 1. In a general sense, to move, or to 
move one way and the other ; to perform. 2. To labor ; 
to be occupied in performing manual labor, whether se- 
vere or moderate. 3. To be in action or motion. 4. To 
act ; to carry on operations. 5. To operate ; to carry on 
business ; to be customarily engaged or employed in. 6. 
To ferment. 7. To operate ; to produce effects by action 
or influence. 8. To obtain by diligence ; [little used.] 9. 
To act or operate on tbe stomach and bowels, as a cathar- 
tic. 10. To labor; to strain; to move heavily. 11. To be 
tossed or agitated. 12. To enter by working. — To work on, 
to act on ; to influence. — To work up, to make way. — To 
work to windward, among seamen, to sail or ply against the 
wind ; to beat.— Mar. Diet. 

W6RK (wurk), v. t. 1. To move ; to stir and mix ; as, to 
work mortar. 2. To form by labor; to mold, shape, or 
manufacture. 3. To bring into any state by action. 4. To 
influence by acting upon ; to manage ; to lead. 5. To 
make by action, labor, or violence. 6. To produce by 
action, labor, or exertion. 7. To embroider. 8. To direct 
the movements of, by adapting the sails to the wind. 9. 
To put to labor ; to exert. 10. To cause to ferment, as 
liquor. — To work out. 1. To effect by labor and exertion. 
2. To erase ; to efface ; [obs.] 3. To solve, as a problem. 
— To work up. 1. To raise; to excite. 2. To expend in 
any work, as materials. 

W6RK (wurk), 71. [Sax. weorc ; D., Ger. werk.] 1. An ex- 
ertion of strength for accomplishing some end or object ; 
particularly, in man, manual labor. 2. State of labor. 3. 
Awkward performance ; as, •what work you make. 4. 
That which is made or done. 5. Embroidery ; flowers or 
figures wrought with the needle. 6. Any fabric or manu- 
facture. 7. The matter on which one is at work. 8. Some 
important deed ; as, the works of bloody Mars. 9. Opera- 
tion. 10. Effect ; that which proceeds from agency. 11. 
Management ; treatment. 12. That which is produced by 
mental labor ; a compositi-on ; a book. — 13. Works, in the 
plural, walls, trenches, and the like, made for fortifica- 
tions.— 14. In theology, moral duties or external perform 
ances, as distinct from grace.— To set to work, or to set on 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARifNE, B IRD ;— MOVE, BOOK. 



WOR 



1145 



won 



work, to employ ; to engage in any business. Hooker. — 
8tn. Labor ; employment ; occupation ; performance ; 

W production ; action ; toil ; drudgery ; feat ; acbievement. 
ORK'-BAG, n. A lady's reticule, or bag for holding work. 
WORK'-DIY, n. See Working-day. 
WORK'-FEL-LoW (wurk'-fel-lo), n. One engaged in the 
same work with another. — Rom., xvi. 
WORK'-FoLK, n. pi. Persons that labor.— Beaum. and Fl. 
WORK'-HOUSE, ? n. 1. A house where any manufac- 
WORKTNG-HOUSE, j ture is carried on.— 2. Generally, 
a house in which idle and vicious persons are confined to 
labor. 
WORK'-MXS-TER (wurk'-), n. [work and master.} The 

performer of any work. — Spenser. 
WORK-SHOP, n. [work and shop.] A shop where any 

manufacture is carried on. 
WORK'-Ta BLE, n. A small table, containing drawers and 
other conveniences for ladies, in respect to their needle- 
work. 
WORK'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who performs any work ; 

or one skilled in needle-work. — Spenser. 
W6RK'A-BLE (wurk'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being worked, 
as a metal.— Ure. 2. That can be worked, or that is worth 
working-, as, a workable mine. — Hitchcock. — Conybeare. 
WORKED (wurkt), pp. Moved ; labored ; performed ; 

managed; fermented. 
WORKER, n. One who works ; one who performs. 
WORKING (wurk'ing), ppr. or a. Moving ; operating ; la- 
boring; fermenting. 
WORKTNG, iu 1. Motion ; the act of laboring. 2. Fer- 
mentation. 3. Movement; operation. 
WORKING-DaY, n, [work and day.] 1. A day on which 
work is performed, as distinguished from the Sabbath, 
festivals, &c. 2. a. Plodding ; hard-working ; as, this work- 
ing-day world.— Sliak. 
WORKMAN, n. [work and man.] 1. Any man employed in 
labor, whether in tillage or manufactures.— 2. By way of 
eminence, a skillful artificer or laborer. 
WORK'MAN-LiKE, a. Skillful ; well performed. 
WORK'MAN-LY, a. Skillful ; well performed. 
WORK'MAN-LY, adv. In a skillful manner; in a manner 

becoming a workman.— Tusser. 
WORKMAN-SHIP (wurk'-), n. 1. Manufacture ; something 
made, particularly by manual labor.— .Ex., xxxi. 2. That 
which is effected, made, or produced.— Eph., ii. 3. The 
skill of a workman ; or the execution or manner of mak- 
ing any thing. 4. The art of working. 
WORKY-DaY, n. [corrupted from working-day.] A day 

not the Sabbath.— Shak. 
W6RLD (wurld), n. [Sax. weorold, woruld ; D. waereld; 
Sw. verld.] 1. The universe ; the whole system of created 
globes or vast bodies of matter. 2. The earth ; the terra- 
queous globe. 3. The heavens ; as, the upper world. 4*. 
System of beings ; or the orbs which occupy space, and 
all the beings which inhabit them.— Heb., xi. 5. Present 
state of existence. 6. A secular life ; the attractions, en- 
joyments, and cares of the present life. 7. Public life, or 
society. 8. Business or trouble of life. 9. A great multi- 
tude or quantity. 10. Mankind ; people in general ; [in 
an indefinite sense.] 11. Course of life; as, to begin the 
world. 12. Universal empire. 13. The customs and man- 
ners of men ; the practice of life ; as, knowledge of the 
world. 14. All the world contains. 15. The principal 
nations or countries of the earth. 16. The Roman empire ; 
[Scripture.] 17. A large tract of country ; a wide com- 
pass of things. 18. The inhabitants of the earth ; the 
whole human race. — John, iii. 19. The carnal state or 
corruption of the earth. — Gal., i. 20. The ungodly part 
of the world. 21. Time ; as in the phrase, world without 
end. 22. A collection of wonders ; [obs.] — hi the world. 
in possibility.— For all the world. 1. Exactly.— Sidney ; 
[little used.] 2. For any consideration. 
WORLD'-HaRD-ENED, a. Hardened by the love of 

worldly things. 
WORLD'LI-NESS (wurld'le-nes), n. A predominant pas- 
sion for obtaining the good things of this life ; covetous- 
ness ; addictednes3 to gain and temporal enjoyments. 
WORLDLING, n. A person whose soul is set upon gaining 
temporal possessions ; one devoted to this world and its 
enjoyments. 
W6RLD'LY (wurldle), a. 1. Pertaining to this world or 
life, in contradistinction to the life to come. 2. Devoted 
to this life and its enjoyments ; bent on gain. 3. Belong- 
ing to the world. — Syn. Secular; temporal; human; 
common. 
WORLDLY, adv. With relation to this life. 
WORLD'LY-MlND'ED, a. Devoted to the acquisition of 

property and to temporal enjoyments. 
WoRLDLY-MlND'ED-NESS, n. 1. A predominating love 
and pursuit of this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety 
and attention to spiritual concerns. 2. State of being 
worldly-minded. 
W6RM (wurm), n. [Sax wyrm ; G. wurm ; D. worm ; Dan. 



orm.] 1. In common usage, any small, creeping animal oi 
reptile, either entirely without feet or with very short 
ones, including a great variety of animals of different 
classes and orders, as the blind-worm, grubs, caterpillars, 
and other larvae of insects, the glow-worm, the tape-worm, 
and other intestinal worms or entozoa, the earth-worm, 
&c. Worms, pi, is popularly used for intestinal worms. 
— 2. In zoology, the term vermes, or worms, has been ap 
plied to different divisions of invertebral animals, by dif- 
ferent naturalists. 3. Remorse; that which incessantly 
gnaws the conscience ; that which torments. — Mark, ix. 
4. A being debased and despised. — Psa. xxii. 5. A spira. 
instrument or iron screw, used for drawing wads and 
cartridges from cannon or small arms. 6. Something 
spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm, as the threads 
of a screw. Moxon. — 7. In chemistry and distilleries, a 
spiral, metallic pipe placed in a tub of water, through 
which the vapor passes in distillation, and in which it is 
cooled and condensed. 8. A small, worm-like part, situ- 
ated beneath a dog's tongue. — Cyc. 
W6RM, v. i. To work slowly, gradually, and secretly. 
W6RM, v. t. 1. To expel or undermine by slow and secret 
means. 2. To cut something, called a worm, from under 
the tongue of a dog. 3. To draw the wad or cartridge 
from a gun ; to clean by the worm. 4. To wind a rope 
6pirally round a cable, between the strands ; or to wind a 
smaller rope with spun-yarn. Mar. Diet. — To worm one's 
self into, to enter gradually by arts and insinuations. 
W6RM'-eAT-.EN (wurm'-et-n), a. [worm and eat.] 1 

Gnawed by worms. 2. Old ; worthless. — Raleigh. 
tWORM'-EAT-EN-NESS, n. State of being worm-eaten; 

rottenness. 
WORM'-FENCE (wurm'-fense), n. A zigzag fence, made 
by placing the ends of the rails upon each other ; some- 
times called a stake-fence. 
WORM'-GRaSS, n. A plant of the genus spigelia, used as 

a vermifuge. 
WORM'-HoLE, n. A hole made by the gnawing of a worm. 
WORM'-LlKE, a. Resembling a worm ; spiral ; vermicular 
WORM'-POW-DER, n. A powder used for expelling worms 

from the stomach and intestines. 
WORM'-SEED, n. 1. A seed which has the property ol 
expelling worms ; the seed of an Asiatic species of arte- 
misia. 2. A plant, a species of chenopodium. — Lee. 
WORM'-TINC-TURE, n. A tincture prepared from earth- 
worms dried, pulverized, and mixed with oil of tartar, 
spirit of wine, saffron, and castor. — Cyc. 
WORMED (wurmd), pp. Cleared by a worm or screw. 
WORMING, n. The act or operation of cutting a worm- 
like ligament from under a dog's tongue. — Brande. 
WORM'ING (wurm'ing), ppr. Entering by insinuation , 
drawing, as a cartridge ; clearing, as a gun ; cutting out 
the worm from under a dog's tongue. 
WORMWOOD, 7i. [Sax. wermod ; G. wermuth.] A plant, 
the artemisia absinthium. It has a bitter, nauseous taste. 
WORMY (wurm'e), a. 1. Containing a worm ; abounding 

with worms. 2. Earthy ; groveling. 
WORN, pp. of wear ; as, a garment long worn. 
WORN'-OUT, pp. or a. Consumed or rendered useless by 

wearing. 
WOR'NIL, n. A maggot that infests the backs of cows. 
WOR'RAL, n. An animal of the lizard kind found in Egypt. 
W0R'RI£D (wur'rid), pp. [from worry.] Harassed ; fa- 
tigued. 
WORHI-ER, n. One who worries or harasses. 
WOR'RY (wurre), v. t. [Sax. werig, werigan, wcrian.] 1. 
To tease ; to trouble ; to harass with importunity, or with 
care and anxiety. — Burke. 2. To fatigue ; to harass with 
labor; [a popular sense of the word.] 3. To harass by pur- 
suit and barking. 4. To tear ; to mangle with the teeth. 
5. To vex ; to persecute brutally. 
WOR'RY-ING, ppr. Teasing ; troubling ; harassing ; f. 

tiguins: ; tearing. 
WORTtY-ING-LY, adv. Teasingly ; harassingly. 
WORSE (wurse), a. [Sax. wcerse, wyrse ; Dan. vcrre ; Sw 
varre. This adjective has the signification of the compara- 
tive degree, and as bad has no comparative and superla- 
tive, worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although 
radically they have no relation to bad.] 1. More evil ; 
more bad or ill ; more depraved and corrupt ; [in a moral 
sense.] — 2. In a physical sense, in regard to health, more 
sick. 3. More bad ; less perfect or good. — The worse. 1. 
The loss ; the disadvantage. 2. Something less good. 
WORSE, adv. In a manner more evil or bad. 
t WORSE, to put to disadvantage, is not in use. See Worst. 
t WORSEN, v. t. To worse.— Milton. 
WORS'EN, v. i. To become worse. [Craven dialect.} 
WORS'ER, for worse, is a vulgar word, and not used in 

good writing or speaking. 
WOR'SHIP (wur'ship), n. [Sax. weorthscype ; worth and 
ship.} 1. Excellence of character ; dignity ; worth ; wor- 
thiness. 2. A title of honor, used in addresses to certain 
magistrates and others of respectable character. 3. A 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN/'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € asK; 6 as J ; SasZ; cHasSH; TH as In this, t Obsolete. 



wou 



1146 



WRA 



term of ironical respect. Pope. — 4. Chiefly and eminently, 
the act of paying divine honors to the Supreme Being ; 
or the honors thus paid. 5. The homage paid to idols or 
false gods, by pagans. 6. Honor; respect; civil defer- 
ence. 7. Idolatry of lovers ; obsequious or submissive 
respect. 

WOR'SHIP (wur'ship), v. t. 1. To pay divine honors to ; 
to reverence with supreme respect and veneration. 2. 
To respect ; to honor ; to treat with civil reverence. 3. 
To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission, 
as a lover. — Syn. To adore ; revere ; reverence ; bow to ; 
honor. 

WoR'SHIP (wur'ship), v. i. 1. To perform acts of adora- 
tion. 2. To perform religious service. — John, iv. 

WORSHIPED (wur'shipt), pp. Adored; treated with di- 
vine honors ; treated with civil respect. 

WdR'SHIP-ER (wur'ship-), n. One who worships ; one 
who pays divine honors to any being ; one who adores. — 
South. 

WOR'SHIP-FUL (wur'ship-), a. 1. Claiming respect ; wor- 
thy of honor from its character or dignity. — Shak. 2. A 
term of respect ; [sometimes ironically.] 

W6RSHIP-FUL-LY (wur'ship-), adv. Respectfully.— Shak. 

WdR'SHIP-ING (wur'ship-). ppr. Adoring ; paying divine 
honors to ; treating with supreme reverence ; treating 
with extreme submission. 

WORST (wurst), a. [superl. of worse.] 1. Most bad ; most 
evil. 2. Most severe or dangerous ; most difficult to heal. 
3. Most afflictive, pernicious, or calamitous. 

W6RST (wurst), n. 1. The most evil state. 2. The most 
severe or aggravated state ; the height. 3. The most ca- 
lamitous state. 

?V6RST (wurst), v. t. To get the advantage over in con- 
test ; to defeat ; to overthrow. 

•VoRST'ED (wurst'ed), pp. Defeated; overthrown. 

/VORST'ED (wust'ed), n. [The origin of this word is un- 
certain. It is usually supposed to take its name from a 
town in England or in Flanders.] Yarn made of wool 
drawn out into long filaments by passing it, when oiled, 
through heated combs. It is used for stockings and va- 
rious other fine fabrics. — Ure. 

WORSTED (wust'ed), a. Consisting of worsted. 

WORT (wurt), n. [Sax. wyrt ; G. wurz ; Sw. ort.] 1. A 
plant ; an herb ; [now used chiefly or wholly in compounds.] 

2. A plant of the cabbage kind. 3. New beer, unferment- 
ed, or in the act of fermentation ; the sweet infusion of 
malt. — Bacon. 

W6RTH (wurth), a termination, signifies a (arm or court ; 
as in Wordsworth. 

W6RTH (wurth), v. i. [Sax. weorthan.] This verb is now 
used only in the phrases, woe worth the day. woe worth the 
man, &c, in which the verb is in the imperative mode, 
and the noun in the dative ; woe be to the day. 

W6RTH (wurth), n. [Sax. weorth, wurth, wyrth ; G. werth; 
D. waarde ; Sw. vArd.] 1. That quality of a thing which 
renders it useful, or which will produce an equivalent 
good in some other thing. 2. Value of mental qualities ; 
virtue ; usefulness. 3. Comparative importance ; valua- 
ble qualities. — Syn. Desert ; merit ; excellence ; price ; 
rate. 

WORTH (wurth), a. 1. Equal in value to. 2. Deserving 
of; [in a good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense.] 

3. Equal in possessions to ; having estate to the value ot. 
— Worthiest of blood, an expression in law, denoting the 
preference of sons to daughters in the descent of estates. 

WOR'THI-LY (wur'fhe-le), adv. 1. In a manner suited to. 
—Ray. 2. Deservedly ; according to merit. 3. Justly ; 
not without cause. — South. 

WOR'THI-NESS (wur'fhe-nes), n. 1. The state of being 
worthy or excellent. 2. The quality or state of deserving. 
— Syn. Desert ; merit ; excellence ; dignity ; virtue ; 
meritoriousness. 

W6RTH'LESS (wurthles), a. 1. Having no value. 2. 
Having no value of character or no virtue. 3. Having no 
dignity or excellence. 

W6RTH'LESS-LY, adv. In a worthless manner. 

WORTH'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Want of value ; want of use- 
ful qualities. 2. Want of excellence or dignity. 

WOP/THY (wur'fhe), a. [G.wurdig ; D.waardig; Sw. var- 
dig.] 1. Deserving ; meritorious ; such as merits ; hav- 
ing worth or excellence ; equivalent. 2. Possessing worth 
or excellence of qualities ; virtuous ; estimable. 3. Suit- 
able ; having qualities suited to ; [either in a good or bad 
sense ;] equal in value. 4. Suitable to any thing bad. 5. 
Deserving of ill. — Luke, xii. 

WORTHY (wur'flie), n. A man of eminent worth ; a man 
distinguished for useful and estimable qualities ; a man of 
valor. A word much used in the plural ; as, the worthies 
of the Church.] 

\ W6R'THY, v. t. To render worthy ; to exalt.— Shak. 

tWOT, v. i. [originally, wat ; the preterite of Sax. witan.] 
To know ; to be aware. — Spenser. 

WOULD (wood), prct. of will, G. wollen, L. volo. — Would is 



used as an auxiliary verb in conditional forms ot apeecn , 
as, " I would go, if I could." This form of expression de 
notes will or resolution, under a condition or supposition. 
— You would go, or he would go, denotes simply an event, 
under a condition or supposition. — Would has the sense 
of wish, or pray, particularly in the phrases, " would to 
God," "would God we had died in Egypt." — Would is 
used, also, for wish to do or to have ; as, what wouldsl thou? 
t WOULDTNG (wud'ding), n. Motion of desire.— Hammond. 

* WOUND (wound or woond), n. [Sax. wund ; D. wond , 

G. wunde.] 1. A breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, 
or of the bark and wood of a tree, or of the bark and sub- 
stance of other plants, caused by violence or external 
force. 2. Injury ; hurt. [Walker condemns the pronun- 
ciation woond as a " capricious novelty." It is certainly 
opposed to an important principle of our language, viz., 
that words in ou, of Saxon origin, retain the regular Sax- 
on sound of ow, as sound, ground, found, &c, while words 
derived from the French have the sound of ou in that lan- 
guage, as so up, group, &c. It is very undesirable to break 
in upon this rule, though woond is undoubtedly the fash- 
ionable pronunciatiun. — Ed.] 

* WOUND (wound or woond), v. t. To hurt by violence ; as 
to wound the head or the arm ; to wound a tree. — Is., liii 

WOUND, pret. and pp. of wind. 

* WOUND'-WORT, n. A name of various plants supposed 

to be efficacious in healing wounds. 

* WOUND'ED, vp. or a. Hurt ; injured. 

* WOUND'ER, n. One who wounds. 

* WOUNDING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. 

* WOUNDING, n. Hurt; injury.— Gen., iv. 

* WOUND'LESS, a. Free from hurt or injury. 
WOUND'Y, a. Excessive.— Gay. [Vulgar.] 
WoVE, pret. of weave ; sometimes the participle. 
WoV'jBN, pp. or a., from weave. 



twox, 

t WOX'£N, 



■ for waxed. 



Note. — W before r is always silent. 

WRACK (rak), n. A marine plant, the fucus vesiculosus, out 
of which kelp is made. It is also valuable for manure. 

WRACK and To WRACK. See Wreck. 

WRACK'FUL. a. Ruinous ; destructive. 

WRaIN'-BoLT, n. See Wring-bolt. 

WRaITH, n. [perhaps a corruption of swarih or swairth.] 
The apparition of a person in his exact likeness, seen be- 
fore death or a little after. — Jamieson. [Scottish.] 

WRAN"GLE (rang'gl), v. i. [from the root of wring, Sw. 
vranga.] To dispute angrily ; to quarrel peevishly and 
noisily ; to brawl ; to altercate. 

WRAN"GLE, v. t. To involve in contention. [Little used.] 

WRAN"GLE, n. An angry dispute ; a noisy quarrel. Swift. 
— Syn. Bickering ; brawl ; jar ; jangle ; altercation ; con- 
test; controversy. 

WRAN"GLER (rang'gler), n. An angry disputant ; one who 
disputes with heat or peevishness. Watts. — Senior wran- 
gler, in the University of Cambridge, in England, the stu- 
dent who passes the best examination in the senate-house 
Then follow the second, third, &c, wranglers. 

WRAN"GLE-SoME, a. Contentious ; quarrelsome. — Moor. 

WRAN"GLING, ppr. or a. Disputing or contending angrily. 

WRAN'GLING, n. The act of disputing angrily. 

WRAP (rap), v. t. ; pret. and pp. wrapped or wrapt. 1. To 
wind or fold together. — John, xx. 2. To involve ; to cov- 
er by winding something round : often with up. 3. To in- 
volve ; to hide. 4. To comprise ; to contain. 5. To in- 
volve totally. 6. To inclose. 7. To snatch up ; to trans 
port ; [in this sense, rap and rapt are more proper.] 

WRAP'-RAS-CAL, n. An old cant term for a coarse upper, 
coat.— Smart. 

WRAPT AGE, n. That which wraps. 

WRAPT^' \PP' Wound ; folded; inclosed. 

WRAP'PER, n. 1. One who wraps. 2. That in which auy 
thing is wrapped or inclosed. 3. A loose garment; ap- 
plied sometimes to a lady's undress, and sometimes to a 
loose overcoat. 

WRAP'PING, ppr. 1. Winding; folding; involving ; in- 
closing. 2. a. Used or designed for wrapping or covering. 

WRASSE, n. The English name of a number of fishes in- 
habiting the rocky parts of the coast, and belonging to the 
family labrida (genus labrus, Linn.). They are prickly 
spined, hard-boned fishes, with oblong, scaly bodies, and a 
single dorsal fin. Many of them present vivid colors.— P 
Cyc. 

* WRATH (rath), n. [Sax. wrath, wrath ; Sw., D. vrede.] 1. 

Violent anger ; vehement exasperation. 2. The effects ot 
anger. — Prov., xxvii. 3. The just punishment of an of- 
fense or crime. Rom., xiii. — God's wrath, in Scripture, is 
his holy and just indignation against sin. Rom., i. — Syn. 
Fury ; rage ; ire ; vengeance , indignation ; resentment ; 
passion. 

* WRATHFUL, a. 1. Very angry ; greatly incensed. 2 



* Sec Synopsis. 1, £, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE BOOK 



WRE 



1147 



WR1 



Springing from wrath, or expressing it. — Syn. Furious ; 
raging; indignant; resentful; passionate. 

* WRaTH'FUL-LY, adv. With violent anger.— Skak. 

* WRaTHFUL-NESS, n. Vehement anger. 

* WRATHI-LY, adv. Very angrily. 

* WRaTHLESS, a. Free from anger.— Waller. 

* WRaTH'Y (rath'e), a. Very angry. [A colloquial word.] 
f WR AWL, v. i. [Sw. vrala.] To cry, as a cat. 
WReAK (reek), v. t. [Sax. wracan, wrceccan ; D. wreeken ; 

G. rd'cken.] 1. To execute ; to inflict ; to hurl or drive. 2. 

To revenge. — Fairfax ; [nearly obs.] 
WREAK, for reck, to care, is a mistake. — Sha/c. 
IWReAK, n. Revenge; vengeance; furious passion. 
WReAK'FUL, a. Revengeful'; angry.— Shak. 
WReAK'LESS, a. Unrevengeful ; weak.— Shak. 

* WREATH (reeth), n. [Sax. wrath, wreoth.] 1. Something 

twisted or curled. 2. A garland ; a chaplet. 
WReATHE, v. t. ; pret. wreathed ; pp. wreathed, wreathen. 
1. To twist ; to convolve ; to wind one about another. 2. 
To interweave ; to entwine. 3. To encircle, as a garland. 

4. To encircle as with a garland ; to dress in a garland. 
WReATHE, v. i. To be interwoven or entwined. 
WREATHED, pp. or a. Twisted; entwined; interwoven. 
WREATHING, ppr. Twisting; entwining; encircling. 
WReATH'LESS, a. Destitute of a wreath. 
WReATHY (reefh'e), a. Twisted ; curled ; spiral. 
WRECK (rek), n. [Dan. way, a wreck, shipwreck ; Sw. 

vrak ; Sax. wrcec, wrtzcca ; D. wrak.] 1. Destruction ; prop- 
erly, the destruction of a ship or vessel on the shore. 2. 
The ruins of a ship stranded; a ship or vessel dashed 
against rocks or land and broken, or otherwise rendered 
useless by violence and fracture. — 3. In law, goods, &c, 
which, after a shipwreck, are cast upon land by the sea. 
— Bouvier. 4. Dissolution by violence ; ruin ; destruction. 

5. The remains of any thing ruined; dead weeds and 
grass. — 6. In metallurgy, the vessel in which ores are 
washed the third time. — 7. Wreck, for wreak, is less prop- 
er ; [see, also, Rack.] 

WRECK, v. t. [Sw. vrdka.] 1. To strand ; to drive against 

the shore, or dash against rocks, and break or destroy. 2. 

To rein.— 3. Wreck, for wreak, is improper. — Shak. 
WRE€K, v. i. To suffer wreck or ruin. — Milton. 
WRECK'-M aS-TER, n. A person appointed by law to take 

charge of goods, &c, thrown on shore after a shipwreck. 
WRECKED" (rekt), pp. Dashed against the shore or on 

rocks. 
WREGK'ER, n. One who seeks the wrecks of ships. 
WRECK'FUL, a. Causing wreck. 
WRECKING, ppr. Stranding ; running on rocks. 
WREN, n. [Sax. wrenna; Ir. drean.] One of a group of 

small insessorial birds. Wrens feed on insects, &c, and 

are often very familiar with man. 
WRENCH (rench), v. t. [G. verrenken ; D. verwringen.] 1. 

To pull with a twist ; to twist or force by violence. 2. 

To strain ; to sprain ; to distort. 
WRENCH (rench), n. 1. A violent twist, or a pull with 

twisting. 2. A sprain ; an Injury by twisting, as in a joint. 

3. An instrument for screwing or unscrewing iron-work. 

4. Means of compulsion ; [obs.] — 5. In the plural, sleights ; 
subtilties ; [obs.] 

WRENCHED (rencht), pp. Pulled with a twist; sprained. 
WRENCHING, ppr. Pulling with a twist; wresting vio- 
lently ; spraining. 
WREST (rest), v. t. [Sax. wrastan ; G. reissen ; Dan. vrister.] 
1. To twist or extort by violence ; to pull or force from 
by violent wringing or twisting. 2. To take or f*«-ce from 
by violence. 3. To distort ; to turn from truth, or twist 
from its natural meaning, by violence ; to pervert. 

WREST (rest), n. 1. Distortion ; violent pulling and twist- 
ing ; perversion. 2. Active or moving power ; [obs.] 3. 
An instrument to tune. 

WRESTED (resf ed), pp. Pulled with twisting ; distorted ; 
perverted. 

WRESTER, n. One who wrests or perverts. 

WRESTING, ppr. Pulling with a twist ; distorting. 

WRES'TLE (resl), v. i. [Sax. wrcestlian or wraxlian ; D. 
worstelen.] 1. To strive with arms extended, as two men, 
who seize each other by the collar and arms, each en- 
deavoring to throw the other by tripping up his heels and 
twitching him off his center. 2. To struggle ; to strive ; 
to contend. 

\ WRES'TLE, v. t. To overcome in wrestling. — Spenser. 

WRESTLER, n. One who wrestles ; or one who is skill- 
ful in wrestling. 

WRESTLING, ppr. Striving to throw ; contending. 

WRESTLING, n. Strife ; struggle ; contention. 

WRETCH (retch), n. [Sax. wrcecca.] 1. A miserable per- 
son; one sunk in the deepest distress. 2. A worthless 
mortal. 3. A person sunk in vice. 4. It is sometimes 
used by way of slight or ironical pity or contempt. 5. It 
is sometimes used to express tenderness. 

WRETCHED, a. 1. Very miserable ; sunk into deep afflic- 
tion or distress, either from want, anxiety, or grief. 2. Ca- 



lamitous ; very afflicting. 3. Worthless ; paltry; very poor 

or mean. 4. Despicable ; hatefully vile and contemptible. 

WRETCHED-LY, adv. 1. Most miserably; very poorlj. 

2. Unhappily. 3. Meanly ; despicably. 
WRETCH'ED-NESS, n. 1. Extreme misery or unhappi 

ness, either from want or sorrow. 2. Meanness ; despi- 
cableness ; as. the wretchedness of a performance. 

WRETCH'LESS, for reckless, } ^ !„__-.. 

WRETCHLESS-NESS, for recklessness, j arc im P r0 P er - 

t WRIG, for wriggle. 

WRIGGLE (rig'gl), v. i. [W. rhuglaw ; D. wriggelen.] To 
move the body to and fro with short motions. — Swift. 

WRIGGLE (rig'gl), v. t. To put into a quick, reciprocating 
motion ; to introduce by a shifting ruction.— Hudibras. 

WRIGGLER, 7i. One who wriggles. 

WRIGGLING, ppr. or a. Moving the body one way and 
the other with quick turns. 

WRIGHT (rite), n. [Sax. wryhta.] An artificer ; ono whose 
occupation is some kind of mechanical business ; a work- 
man ; a manufacturer. This word is now chiefly used in 
compounds, as in shipicright, wheelwright. 

WRING (ring), v. t. ; pret. and pp. wringed and wrung. The 
latter is chiefly used. [Sax. wringan ; G. ringen ; D. wrin- 
gen ; Dan. ringer.] 1. To twist ; to turn and strain with 
violence. 2. To squeeze ; to press ; to force by twisting. 

3. To writhe. 4. To pinch ; [obs.] 5. To distress ; to 
press with pain. 6. To distort; to pervert. 7. To per- 
secute with extortion. 8. To bend or strain out of its po- 
sition. Mar. Diet.— To wring of, to force off or separate 
by wringing. — To wring out. 1. To force out ; to squeeze 
out by twisting. 2. To free from a liquor by wringing.- 
To wring from, to force from by violence ; to extort. 

WRING (ling), v. i. To writhe ; to twist, as with anguish 
— Shak. 

WRING, n. Action of anguish.— Hall. 

WRING'-BoLT, n. A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend 
and secure the planks against the timbers till they are 
fastened by bolts, spikes, and tree-nails. 

WRING'-STa VES, n. pi. Strong bars of wood used in ap- 
plying wring-bolts. — Mar. Diet. 

WRINGED, pp. Twisted; pressed; distressed; extorted. 

WRING'ER, n. One who wrings ; one who forces water 
out of any thing by wringing. 

WRINGING, ppr. Twisting ; writhing ; extorting. 

WRINGTNG-WET (ringing-), a. So wet as to require 
wringing, or that water may be wrung out. 

WRINK/LE (rinkl), n. [Sax. wrincle ; Sw. rynka ; Dan. 
rynke.] 1. A small ridge or prominence, or a furrow, 
formed by the shrinking or contraction of any smooth 
substance ; corrugation ; a crease. 2. A fold or rumple 
in cloth. 3. Roughness ; unevenness. 

WRINK/LE, v. t. [Sax. wrinclian ; Sw. rynka ; Dan. rynker.] 

1. To contract into furrows and prominences ; to corru- 
gate. 2. To make rough or uneven. 

WRlNK'LE, v. i. To shrink into furrows and ridges. 

WRINK'LED, pp. or a. Contracted into ridges and furrows 

WRINK'LING, ppr. Shrinking ; contracting into furrows 
and ridges. 

WRIST (rist), n. [Sax. wrist.] 1. The joint by which the 
hand is united to the arm. — 2. In the manege, the bridle- 
wrist is that of the cavalier's left hand. 

WRISTBAND, n. [wrist and band.] That band or part of a 
shirt sleeve which covers the wrist 

WRISTLET, n. An elastic band worn by ladies around the 
wrist, to confine the upper part of a glove. 

WRIT (rif), n. [from -write.] 1. That which is written ; [in 
this sense, writ is particularly applied to the Scriptures ; as, 
holy writ.] — 2. In law, a precept issued from the proper 
authority to the sheriff, his deputy, or other subordinate 
officer, commanding him to perform some act, as to sum- 
mon a defendant into court to answer, and the like. 3. A 
legal instrument. 

t WRIT, pret. of write, is not now used. 

fWRl'TA-TlVE, a. Disposed to write.— Pope. 

WRITE, v. t. ; pret. wrote ; pp. writ, written. [Sax. writan, 
awritan, gewritan ; Ice. rita.) 1. To form by a pen on pa- 
per or other material, or by a graver on wood or stone. 

2. To express by forming letters and words on paper or 
stone. 3. To engrave. 4. To impress durably. 5. To 
compose or produce, as an author. 6. To copy ; to ti an- 
scribe. 7. To communicate by letter. 

WRITE, v. i. 1. To perform the act of forming characters, 
letters, or figures, as representatives of sounds or ideas. 
2. To be employed as a clerk or an amanuensis. 3. To 
play the author. 4. To recite or relate in books. 5. To 
send letters. G. To call one's self; to be entitled; to use 
the style of. 7. To compose ; to frame or combine ideas 
and express them in words. 

WRITER, n. 1. One who writes or has written. 2. An 
author. 3. A clerk or amanuensis ; a penman ; a scribe.— 
Writer to the signet, one of a class of lawyers in Scotland, 
answering to the highest class of attorneys in England. — 
Brande. 



DOVE —BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



WRY 



1148 



WRITHE (rifhe), v. t. [Sax. writhan; Sw. vrida; Dan. vri- 
der.] 1. To twist ; to distort. 2. To twist with violence. 
3. To wrest ; to distort ; to torture ; [obs.] 

WRITHE, v. i. To twist ; to be distorted.— Addison 

WRITHED, pp. Twisted ; distorted. 

WRlTHTNG, ppr. Twisting; distorting. 

fWRITH'LE (rifh/1), v. t. [from writhe.] To wrinkle.— 
Spenser. 

WRITING, ppr. 1. Forming, as characters, with a pen, 
style, or graver. 2. a. Used or intended for writing. 

WRITING, n. 1. The act or art of forming letters and 
characters, for the purpose of recording or communica- 
ting ideas. 2. Any thing written or expressed in letters ; 
hence, any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, &c. 3. 
A book ; any written composition ; a pamphlet ; as, the 
writings of Addison. 4. An inscription. John, xix. — 5. 
Writings, pi., conveyances of lands ; deeds ; or any official 
papers. 

WRlTING-BOOK, n. A book for practice in penmanship. 

WRIT'ING-MIS-TER, n. One who teaches the art of pen- 
manship. 

WRiTING-SCHOOL, n. A school for instruction in pen- 
manship. 

WRITTEN, pp. or a. Expressed in letters.— Written laws, 
statutes ; laws enacted by the supreme power and record- 
ed ; as contradistinguished from unwritten or common law. 

f WRIZ'ZL ED, for writhled.— Spenser. 

tWRo'KZSN, for wreaked. — Spenser. 

WRONG (rong), a. [Sw. vrang ; Dan. vrang ; Sw. vranga ; 
Dan. vranger.] 1. Not physically right; not fit or suita- 
ble ; not appropriate for use ; as, the wrong side of a gar- 
ment. 2. Not morally right ; that deviates from the line 
of rectitude prescribed by God ; not just or equitable ; 
not right or proper ; not legal. 3. Not according to truth. 
— Syn. Injurious ; unjust ; faulty ; detrimental ; incorrect ; 
erroneous ; unfit ; unsuitable. 

WRONG, n. Whatever deviates from moral rectitude ; any 
injury done to another ; a trespass ; a violation of right. — 
Wrongs are private or public. Private wrongs are civil in- 
juries, immediately affecting individuals ; public wrongs are 
crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community. 

WRONG, adv. Not rightly ; amiss ; morally ill ; erroneously. 

WRONG, v. t. 1. To injure ; to treat with injustice ; to de- 
prive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice 
from. 2. To do injustice to by imputation ; to impute 
evil unjustly. 

VVRONG'-DO-ER, n. 1. One who injures another, or does 
wrong. — 2. In law, one who commits a tort or tresp ass. — 
Bouvier. 

WRONG'-Do-ING, n. Evil or wicked act or action. 

WRONG'-HE AD (rong'-hed), n. A person of a perverse un- 
derstanding. 

WRONG'-HeAD-ED, a. Wrong in opinion or principle ; 
having a perverse understanding ; perverse. 

WRONG'-HeAD-ED-NESS, n. Perverseness ; erroneous- 
ness. 

WRONG'-TlMED, a. Done at an improper time. 

WRONGED (rongd), pp. Treated unjustly ; injured. 

WRONG'ER, n. One who injures another. 

WRONGFUL, a. Injurious ; unjust. 

WRONG'FU L-LY, adv. Unjustly ; in a manner contrary to 
the moral law or to justice. 

WRONGING, ppr. Injuring ; treating with injustice. 

»• WRONG'LESS-LY, adv. Without injury to any one. 

WRONGLY, adv. In a wrong manner ; unjustly ; amiss. 

WRONG'NESS, n. Wrong disposition ; error.— Butler. 

WRoTE, pret. of wrde ; as, he wrote a letter yesterday. 
WROTH (rawfh), a. [Sax. wrath, wrath.] Very angry; 
much exasperated. 

WROUGHT (rawt), pret. and pp. or a., from work. [Sax. 
wohrte, the pret. and pp. of wircan, wcorcan, to work.] 1. 
Worked ; formed by work or labor. 2. Effected ; per- 
formed. 3. Effected ; produced. 4. Used in labor. 5. 
Worked; driven. 8. Actuated. 7. Worked; used; la- 
bored in. 8. Formed ; fitted. 9. Guided; managed; [obs.] 
10. Agitated; disturbed. — Wrought iron, iron deprived of 
its carbon, usually by the process called puddling, which 
see. Wrought iron is tough, flexible, malleable, and duc- 
tile. — Wrought on or upon, influenced ; prevailed on. — 
Wrought to or up to, excited; inflamed. 

WRUNG (rung), pret. and pp. of wring. 

WRY (ry), a. "[Goth, wraicwa, or Dan. vrier.] 1. Twisted ; 
turned to one side ; distorted. 2. Deviating from the right 
direction. 3. Wrested; perverted. 
WRf, v. i. To be writhed or distorted. 

- WRY, v. t. To distort ; to wrest. 

WRY'-NECK, n. [wry and neck.] 1. A twisted or distorted 
neck ; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one side, 
and at the same time somewhat forward. 2. A disease of 
the spasmodic kind, in sheep, in which the head is drawn 
to one side. — 3. In ornithology, a small bird of the eastern 
continent, related to the woodpeckers, and named from a 
habit of twisting its neck in a singular manner. — Enc. Am. 



WRY-NECK.ED (-nekt), a. Having a distorted neck. 
WRY'NESS, n. The state of being wry or distorted. 
WYCH-ELM, n. A species of the elm, the ulmus montana 
WyND, n. A narrow lane or alley. [Scottish.] 
WY'VERN, n. A kind of flying serpent, sometimes repre- 
sented in coats of arms. — Buchanan. 



X. 



Xthe twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, is box 
j rowed from the Greek. In the middle and at the end 
of words it has the sound of ks, as in wax, lax, luxury. At 
the beginning of a word it has precisely the sound of z. 

It is used as an initial, in a few words borrowed from the 
Greek. 

As a numeral, X stands for ten. It represents one V, which 
stands for five, placed on the top of another. When laid 
horizontally, thus £*$, it stands for a thousand, and with 
a dash over it, thus X, it stands for ten thousand. 

As an abbreviation, X. stands for Christ, as in Xn., Christian , 
Xm., Christmas. 

XAN'THIC (zan'thik), a. [Gr. lavdos, yellow.] Tending to- 
ward a yellow color. 

XAN'THIC ACID, n. An acid consisting of bisulphuret of 
carbon, water, and oxyd of ethyl or ether. — Graham. 

XAN'THIC OXYD, n. A brown substance composing u 
urinary calculus. — Graham. 

XAN'THID (zan'thid), n. A supposed compound of xantho- 
gen and some element. — Henry. 

XANTHINE, n. The yellow dyeing matter contained in 
madder. — lire. 

XANTHO-6EN (zan'tho-jen), n. [Gr. tyvQoS and ytwaw.] 
A supposed acidifying and basifying compound principle, 
considered to be analogous to cyanogen, and believed to 
consist of sulphur and carbon. 

Xe'BEC (zeTaek), n. A small three-masted vessel, used in 
the Mediterranean Sea. — Mar. Diet. 

XE-NOD'O-GHY (ze-nod'o-ke), n. [Gr. tyvoSoxt-a.] Recep- 
tion of strangers; hospitality. — Cockeram. 

XEN'O-TlME, n. [Gr. tyvos.] A native phosphate of yttria, 
having a yellowish-brown color. — Dana. 

XE-RO-COL-LYR'I-UM (ze-ro-), n. [Gr. typos and KoMvpiov.] 
A dry collyrium or eye-salve. — Coxe. 

XE-Ro'De_S, n. Any tumor attended with dryness. 

XE-RO-My'RUM, n. [Gr. typos, dry, and /ivpov, ointment.] 
A dry ointment. — Coxe. 

XE-ROPHA-6Y (ze-rof 'a-je), n. [Gr. typos and <h a yw.) The 
eating of dry meats, a sort of fast among the primitive 
Christians. 

XE-ROPH'THAL-MY (ze-rof'thal-me), n. [Gr. typos and 
o<p&akiiia.] A dry, red soreness or itching of the eyes. 

XE-Ro'TeS (ze-ro'tez), n. A dry habit or disposition. 

XIPH'I-AS (zif'e-as), n. [Gr. from l«t>os.] 1. The sword- 
fish ; a genus of fishes including the sword-fish. 2. A 
comet shaped like a sword. 

XIPH'OID, a. [Gr. \i(pos and tiSos-] The xiphoid or ensU 
form cartilage is a small cartilage placed at the bottom of 
the breast-bone. 

XY'LITE, n. [Gr. ty\ov.] A liquid which exists in commer- 
cial pyroxylic spirit. — Graham. 

Xf -LO-BAL'SA-MUM, n. The wood of the balsam-tree. 

XY-LO- GRAPHIC, a. Belonging to xylography, or wood- 
engraving. 

Xf-LOG'RA-PHY (zl-log'ra-fe), n. [Gr. ty\ov and ypa<pu.) 
Wood-engraving ; the act or art of cutting figures in wood, 
in representation of natural objects. 

Xf-LOPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. ty\ov, wood, and <p a yw, to eat] 
Eating or feeding on wood. 

XYST (zist), I n. [Gr. tyaros-] In ancient architecture, a 

XYS'TOS (zis'-), 5 long and open, or sometimes covered, 
court, with porticoes, for athletic exercises, as wrestling, 
running, &c. — Brande. 

XYSTER (zis'ter), n. [Gr. tyarpov, from tyw, to scrape.] 
A surgeon's instrument for scraping bones 



Y. 



Ythe twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, is taken 
} from the Greek u. At the beginning of words, it is 
called an articulation or consonant, and with some pro- 
priety perhaps, as it brings the root of the tongue in clost 
contact with the lower part of the palate, and nearly in 
the position to which the close g brings it. Hence it has 
happened that, in a great number of words, g has been 
changed into y ; as the Sax. gear, into year ; gcornian, into 
yearn ; gyllan, into yell ; gealew, into yellow. 
In the middle and at the end of words, y is precisely the 
same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in 
defy, rely ; and as i short, when unaccented, as in vanity 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, Sue, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT —PREY ;- MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE, BQOK. 



YAW 



1149 



YEL 



glory, synonymox.i. This latter sound is a vowel. At the 
beginning of words, y answers to the German and Dutch j. 

Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and, with a dash over it, Y, 
for 150,000. 

YACHT (yot), n. [D.jagt ; G.jacht] A light and elegantly- 
furnished vessel, used either for private parties of pleas- 
ure, or as a vessel of state to convey princes, &c., from 
one place to another. 

YACHTING (yofing), n. Sailing on pleasure excursions in 
a yacht. 

YACHT'ER, n. One engaged in sailing a yacht. 

YA'GER (yaw'ger), ti. [G.jdger.] One belonging to a body 
of light-infantry armed with rifles. — Brande. 

Va'HOO, 7i. A name given by Swift, in one of his imaginary 
voyages, to a race of brutes having the form and all the 
degrading passions of man. They are set in contrast with 
the Houyhnhnms, or horses endowed with reason, and the 
whole is designed as a satire on our race. 

VAK, n. A species of ox found in central Asia ; the grunt- 
ing ox of Pennant. It has a tail like that of a horse. 

YAM, n. A large esculent tuber or root of various climbing 
plants, of the genus dioscorea, growing in tropical climates, 
and forming, when roasted or boiled, a wholesome, palat- 
able, and nutritious food. The yam sometimes grows to 
the length of three feet, and weighs thirty pounds. — Loudon. 

YAN'KEE (yank'e), ti. [A corrupt pronunciation of the 
word English by the native Indians of America, or more 
probably of the French word Anglois. — Heckewelder.] The 
popular name for the citizens of New England, but applied, 
among foreigners, to all the inhabitants of the United 
States indiscriminately. 

YAN'O-LlTE, n. A mineral, called, also, axinite, whose crys- 
tals resemble an ax. — Urc. 

YAP, to bark, is not a legitimate word. 

Ya/PON or YA'PON, n. The cassine or South Sea tea. An 
evergreen plant of the genus ilex, an infusion of whose bit- 
ter leaves a tea is sometimes used medicinally. 

YiRD, n. [Sax. geard, gerd, gyrd.] 1. A measure of three 
feet or thirty-six inches. 2. [Sax. gyrdan, to inclose.] An 
inclosure ; usually, a small, inclosed place in front of or 
around a house or barn. — 3. In ships, a long, slender piece 
of timber, nearly cylindrical, suspended upon the mast, by 
which a sail is extended. — Yard of land, a quantity of 
land, in old English books, different in different counties, 
15, 20, or 30 acres. — Dock-yard, a place where ships are 
/aid up. — Prison-yard, primarily, an inclosure about a pris- 
on, o/attached to it. Hence, liberty of the yard is a liberty 
granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the 
yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law ; [U. 
States.] 

f IRD, v. t. To confine cattle to the yard. [A farmer's word.] 

i'ARD'-XRM, n. [yard and arm.] Either half of a ship's 
yard, from the center or mast to the end. Ships are said 
to be yard-arm and yard-arm when so near as to touch or 
interlock their yards. 

YaRD'-L AND, ti. See yard of land, under Yard. 

YaRD'-STICK, tc. [yard and stick.] A stick three feet in 
length, used as a measure of cloth, &c. 

YXRD'-WAND, 7i. A measure of a yard ; now yard-stick. 

!' YaRE, a. ' [Sax. gearw.] Ready ; dextrous ; eager. 

t YIRE'LY, adv. Readily ; dextrously ; skillfully.— Shak. 

YaRK. See Yerk. 

YaRN, n. [Sax. gearn ; G., Ice., Sw. gam.] 1. Spun wool ; 
woolen thread ; but it is applied also to other species of 
thread, as to cotton and linen. — 2. In rope-making, one of 
the threads of which a rope is composed. — 3. Among sea- 
men, a story spun out by a sailor for the amusement of 
his companions. — Marryatt ; [low.] 

f YaRR, v. i. [Low L. hirrio; Celtic gar.] To growl or 
snarl, as a dog. — Ainsworth. 

YAR'RISH, a. Having a rough, dry taste. [Local.] 

YAR'RoW, n. [Sax. gearwe ; Sp. yaro.] A plant of the ge- 
nus achillea ; the milfoil, or plant of a thousand leaves. 

YATA-GHAN, n. A long Turkish dagger. -See Ataghan. 

f YaTE, 7i. A gate. — Spenser: still used in the north of En- 
gland. 

YAULP, ? v. i. To yelp ; to cry out like a child. — Jamieson. 

Y^UP, 5 — Brockett. [Scottish, and sometimes used in 
America.] 

YAW, v. i. 1. To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as 
cane-juice in the sugar- works. [ West Indies.] — 2. In naviga- 
tion, to steer wUd or out of the line of her course, as a ship. 

tAWL, 7i. A small boat, resembling a pinnace, belonging 
to a ship or other vessel, and usually rowed by four or six 
oars. — Mar. Diet. 
YAWL, v. i. To cry out or howl, like a dog ; usually pro- 
nounced yowl. See Yell. 
YAWN, v. i. [Sax. geonan, gynian ; G. gahnen.] 1. To gape ; 
to oscitate ; to have the mouth open involuntarily, through 
drowsiness or dullness. 2. To open wide. 3. To express 
desire by yawning. 
YAWN, 7i. 1. A gaping ; an involuntary opening of the 
mouth from drowsiness ; oscitation. 2. An opening wide. 



YAWNED, pp. Gaped ; opened wide. 

YAWNING, ppr. or a. 1. Gaping; opening wide. 2. a 
Sleepy ; drowsy ; dull.— Shak. 

YAWNING, 7i. The act of gaping or opening wide. 

YAWN'ING-LY, adv. In a yawning manner. — Irving. 

YAWS, 7i. [African yaw, a raspberry.] A disease charac 
terized by cutaneous tumors, numerous and successive, 
gradually increasing from specks to the size of a rasp- 
berry, one, at length, growing larger than the rest ; core 
a fungous excrescence ; fever slight. One variety of thie 
disease occurs in Africa and another in America. — Good. 

Y-CLAD' (e-klad'), pp. Clad. [Obsolete, except in poetry, and 
perhaps in burlesque only.] 

Y-€LEP£D' (e-klepf), pp. of Sax. ge-clypian, clcpan, to call. 
Called ; named. [It is obsolete, except in burlesque.] 

t Y-DRAD' (e-drad'), pp. Dreaded.— Spenser. 

YE, ^ro7i. [Sax. ge.] The nominative plural of the second 
person, of which thou is the singular. It is now super- 
seded by you, except in the solemn style. 

* YEA (ye or ya), adv. [Sax. gea, geac ; G., D., Dan. ja.] 1 

Yes ; a word that expresses affirmation or assent. 2. It 
sometimes enforces the sense of something preceding; 
not only so, but more. — 3. In Scripture, it is used to de- 
note certainty, consistency, harmony, and stability ; as, 
" all the promises of God in him are yea, and in him are 
amen." 2 Cor., \.—Yea is used rarely except in the sacred 
and solemn style. See Yes. 

t YeAD, V . „ _ 

t GkAd! \ v - *• To S°-— Spenser. 

YeAN, v. i. [Sax eanian.] To bring forth young, as a goat 
or sheep ; to lamb. [ Obsolete, or local] 

Ye AN .ED (yeend), pp. Brought forth. 

YeAN'LING, 7i. The young of sheep ; a lamb. [Obsolete, 
or local] 

YEAR, ti. [Sax. gear; G. jahr ; D.jaar; Sw. it.] 1. The 
space or period of time in which the sun moves through 
the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and re- 
turns to the same point. This is the solar, tropical, or 
equinoctial year, and comprehends what are called the 
twelve calendar months, or i65 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 
and 49^ seconds. But, in popular usage, the year consists 
of 365 days, and every fourth year [bissextile or leap-year] 
of 366, a day being added to February on that year, on ac- 
count of the excess above 365 days. — Anomalistic year, the 
time occupied by the sun in passing from apogee to apo- 
gee, or from perigee to perigee. — The embolismic or inter 
calory lunar year consists of 13 lunar months, or 384 days. 
See, also, Civil, No. 12; Gregorian ; Julian; Lunar 
Yeah; Sabbatical; Siderial. 2. The time in which 
any planet completes a revolution. 3. The time in which 
the fixed stars make a revolution is called the great year. 
— 4. Years, in the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age or 
old age ; as, a man in years. 

YeAR'-BOOK, ti. [year and book.] A book containing an- 
nual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England. 

t YEAR.ED (yeerd), a. Containing years. — Ben Jonson. 

YeAR'LING, 7i. A young beast one year old. 

YeAR'LING, a. Being a year old ; as, a yearling heifer. 

YeAR'LY, a. 1. Annual; happening, accruing, or coming 
every year. 2. Lasting a year. 3. Comprehending a 
year. 

YeAR'LY, adv. Annually ; once a year. 

YEARN (yern), v. i. [Sax. geornian, gicrnan, gyrnan, ear- 
nian.] 1. To be strained ; to be pained or distressed ; to 
suffer. — 2. Usually, to long ; to feel an earnest desire ; that 
is, literally, to have a desire or inclination stretching to 
ward the object or end. 

t YeARN, v. t. To pain; to grieve ; to vex. — Shak 

tYEARN'FUL, a. Mournful; distressing. 

YeARNING, ppr. or a. Longing ; having longing desire. 

YeARN'ING, ti. Strong emotions of desire, tenderness, or 
pity. 

YeARNING-LY (yern'ing-le), adv. With yearning, 

* Ye AST (yeest), n. [Sax. gist; G. gascht; D.^gist] 1. 

Barm ; the foam, froth, or flower of beer or other liquor 
in fermentation ; any preparation used for raising dough 
for bread, &c. 2. Spume or foam of water ; [obs.] 
*YeAST'Y, r ^rothy; foamy; spumy; like yeast 

* YELK (often, but less correctly, written yolk), n. [Sax. 
gealew; G. gelb.] The yellow part of an egg; the vi 
tellus. 

YELL, v. i. r Sax. giellan, gyllan; D. gillen ; Sw. galla^ 
To cry out with a hideous noise ; to cry or scream, as 
with agony or horror. 

YELL, n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. — Phillips. 

YELLED, pp. Uttered hideous cries ; shrieked. 

YELLING, ppr. or a. Uttering hideous outcries ; shriek- 
ing. 

YELL'ING. 7i. The act of screaming hideously. 

YEL'LoW, a. [Sax. gealew ; G. gelb ; D. geel] Being of a 
bright color ; of the color of gold, sulphur, &c. — Newtotu 

YEL'LoW, ti. A bright color like that of gold, sulphur, &c 
It reflects the most light of any color, after white. 



D6VE .-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHaaSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



YEX 



1150 



YOU 



tfEL'LoW-BiRD n. A small singing bird of a rich yellow 
color, common in the United States. 

YEL'LoW-BLOS'SOM.ED, a. Furnished or adorned with 
yellow flowers. — Goldsmith. 

YEL'LoW-BOY, n. A gold coin. [Vulgar.] 

YEL'LoW-eARTH (-erth), n. A yellowish clay, colored 
by iron. — Ure. 

YEL'LoW-FE'VER, «. A malignant febrile disease of 
warm climates, which is often attended with yellowness 
of the skin, and often, also, with what is called black vomit. 

YEL'LoW-GoLDS, n. A flower.— Ben Jonson. 

YEL'LoW-HaIRM), a. Having yellow hair. 

YEL'LoW-HAM'MER, n. A European bird of the genus 
emberiza ; also called the yellow bunting. Its principal 
colors are shades of gamboge yellow, and brown. — Jar dine. 

YEL'LoW-THRoAT, n. A small North American singing 
bird, a species of warbler. — Peabody's Mass. Rep't. 

YEL'LoW-ISH, a. Somewhat yellow.— Woodward. 

YEL'LoW-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat 
yellow. — Boyle. 

YEL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being yellow. 2. 
Jealousy. — Shak. ; [obs.] 

fEL'LoWS, n. 1. A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, 
and sheep, causing yellowness of eyes. 2. A disease of 
peach-trees in the United States, causing them to produce 
abortive, yellow sprouts on the trunk and limbs, and soon 
destroying them. — Prof. E. Ives. 

YELP, v. i. [Sax. gealpan ; Dan. gylper.] To bark, as a 
beagle-hound after his prey, or as other dogs. 

YELPING, ppr. Barking in a particular manner. 

Ye'NITE, n. A black or brownish-black mineral of a sub- 
metallic lustre, inclining to resinous, occurring massive, 
and in prismatic crystals. It consists of oxyd of iron, 
lime, and silica. It was called Jenite, in commemoration 
of the battle of Jena. — Dana. 

YEo'MAN (yo'man), n. [Sax. gemtene ; Sw. gemen ; Dan. 
gemeen.] 1. A common man, of the first or most respect- 
able class, next below the gentry ; a freeholder ; a man 
free born. 2. An officer in the king's household, of a mid- 
dle rank between a gentleman and a groom. — 3. In ships, 
an inferior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or car- 
penters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribu- 
tion of the stores. — 4. Yeomen of the guard, are a body- 
guard of the English sovereign, consisting of 100 men, 
armed with partisans, and habited in the costume of the 
16th century. — P. Cyc. 

YEo'MAN-LlKE, a. Like a yeoman. — Scott. 

YEo'MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to a yeoman. — Ben Jonson. 

YEo'MAN-RY, n. The collective body of yeomen. 

YERK, v. t. To throw or thrust with a 6udden, 6mart 
spring.— Far. Diet. 

YERK, n. A sudden or quick thrust or motion. 

YERK'ING, ppr. Thrusting with a quick spring. 

YERN. See Yearn. 

YaR'-NTJT I * - " An eartn " nut > a pig-nut.— Wilbraham. 

YES, adv. [Sax. gise.] A word which expresses affirma- 
tion or consent: opposed to no. [Walker's pronuncia- 
tion of this word as yis, is now considered vulgar, and no 
polite speaker, as Jameson remarks, would so pronounce 
it on his authority.] 

YE ST, n. See Yeast. 

YES'TER a. [G. gestern ; Sax. gystern ; L. hesternus.] 
Last; last past; next before the present; as, y ester sun. 
— [Note. This is seldom used, except in the compounds 
which follow.] 

r r ES'TER-DAY, n. [Sax. gyrsian-dag, gyrsternlic dceg.] 1. 
The day last past ; the day next before the present— 2. 
Yesterday is used generally without a preposition ; as, I 
went to town yesterday. 

YES'TERN, a. Relating to the day last past. 

YESTER-NlGHT (-nite), n. [yester and night.] 1. The 
last night. 2. It is used without a preposition ; as, he came 
yesternight. 

YEST'Y, a. See Yeastt. 

YET, conj. [Sax. get,gyt; Gr. en.] Nevertheless ; notwith- 
standing; however. 

YET, adv. 1. Besides , over and above. 2. Still ; the state 
remaining the same. 3. At this time ; so soon. 4. At 
least ; at all. 5. It is prefixed to words denoting exten- 
sion of tune or continuance. 6. Still ; in a new degree. 
7. Even ; after all ; a kind of emphatical addition to a 
negative. 8. Hitherto. 

1 YEV'22N, for given. — Spenser. 

YEW (yu), n. [Sax. iw ; W. yw or ywen ; Fr. if] An ever- 
green tree, of the genus taxus, allied to the pines, valued 
for its wood or timber. The yew frequently occurs in 
British church-yards. 

YEW, v. i. To rise, as scum on the brine in boiling et the 
salt-works. — Cyc. See Yaw. 

YEW'EN, a. Made of yew.— Hubberd. 

YEX, n. [Sax. geocsa.\ A hiccough. {Littk utud.] 

YEX, v. i. To hiccough. 



YEZ'I-DEES, n. pi. A small nation bordering on tlit, fiw 
phrates, whose religion is said to be a mixture of the woi 
ship of the devil, with some of the doctrines of the Magi 
Mohammedans, and Christians. — P. Cyc. 

t Y-FeRE' (e-fereO, adv. Together.— Spenser. 

YIELD (yeeld), v. t. [Sax. gieldan, gildan, gyldan.] 1. T«i 
produce, as land, stock, or funds ; to give in return for la- 
bor, or as profit. 2. To produce, in general. 3. To afford ; 
to exhibit. 4. To allow ; to concede ; to admit to be true. 
5. To give, as claimed of right. 6. To permit ; to grant 
7. To emit ; to give up ; as, to yield up the ghost. 8. To 
resign ; to give up : sometimes with up or over. 9. To 
surrender ; to give up. 

YIELD, v. i. 1. To give up the contest ; to submit. 2. To 
comply with. .3. To give way; not to oppose. 4. To 
give place, as inferior in rank or excellence. 

YIELD, n. Amount yielded ; product; applied particularly 
to products resulting from growth or cultivation. 

t YIeLD'A-BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to comply. 

tYlELD'ANCE, n. Act of producing ; concession. 

YIeLD'ED, pp. Produced; afforded; conceded; allowed, 
resigned; surrendered. 

YIeLD'ER, n. One Who yields. 

YIELDING, ppr. 1. Producing ; affording ; conceding , 
resigning ; surrendering ; allowing. 2. a. Inclined to give 
way or comply ; flexible ; accommodating. 

YIELDING, n. Act of producing; act of surrendering; 
submission. — Shak. 

YIeLDTNG-LY, adv. With compliance. 

YIeLDTNG-NESS, n. Disposition to comply; quality ot 
yielding. — Paley. 

Yo'JAN, n. In the East Indies, a measure or distance oi 
five miles. — Asiat. Res. 

YoKE, n. [Sax. geoc, or ioc ; D.juk; G. joch ; Fr.joug.] 
1. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving near each 
end, and fitted with bows for receiving the necks of oxen ; 
by which means two are connected for drawing. 2. A 
frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying 
a pail, &c, suspended on each side. 3. A mark of servi- 
tude ; slavery ; bondage. 4. A chain ; a link ; a bond of 
connection. 5. A couple ; a pair ; as, a yoke of oxen. 6. 
Service. — Matt., xi. 7. A frame at right angles to tho 
head of a boat's rudder, from the end of which are lines 
by which the boat is steered. — Totten. 

YoKE, v. t. 1. To put a yoke on ; to join in a yoke. 2. To 
couple ; to join with another. 3. To enslave ; to bring 
into bondage. 4. To restrain ; to confine. 

YOKE'-ELM, to. A tree. 

YoKE'-FEL-LoW, ) n. [yoke and fellow or mate.] 1. Anas 

YoKE'-MaTE, ) sociate nr companion. 2- A mate ; a 

fellow. — Spectator. 

YoKjBD (yokt), pp. Confined in a yoke ; joined ; coupled. 

YoK'ING, ppr. Putting a yoke on ; joining ; coupling. 

t YoLD, for yielded. — Spenser. 

* Y5LK, n. 1. The yelk of an egg ; [see Yelk.] 2. The 
unctuous secretion from the skin of sheep, consisting of a 
peculiar kind of potash soap, which renders the pile soft 
and pliable. — Ure. 3. The vitellus, a part of the seed of 
plants, so named by Gasrtner, from its supposed analogy 
to the yelk of an egg. 

YOLP. See Yelp. 

YOND \ a ' t Sax - g eond -] Being at a distance within 

YONDER, J yieVT -- Bacon - 

YON, ) 

YOND, > adv. At a distance within view. 

YON'DER S 

t YOND, a. Mad ; furious, or alienated in mind. — Spenser. 

Y6NK'ER (yunk'er), n. A young fellow.— Walter Scott. 

tYoRE, ads. [Sax. geara.] Long. Spenser. — Of yore, of 
old time ; long ago ; as, in times or days of yore. 

YOU (yu). [Sax. eow, iu, inch ; G. euch ; Arm. chuy ; D. gu, 
yu, thou.] 1. The pronoun of the second person, in the 
nominative or objective case. — In familiar language, it is 
applied to an individual, as thou is in the solemn style. In 
the plural, it is used in the solemn style in the objective 
case. 2. You is used, like on in French, for any one ; as, 
"this at a distance looks like a rock; but as you approach 
it, you see a little cabin." 

Y6UNG (yung), a. [Sax. iong, geong ; G.jung; D.jong, 
Sw., Dan. ung.] 1. Not having been long born ; being 
in the first part of life ; not old ; [used of animals ;] as, a 
young child. 2. Beinj in the first part of growth ; as, a 
young plant. 3. IgnorattS ; weak ; or, rather, having little 
experience. 

YoUNG, n. The offspring of «^ilmals, either a single ani- 
mal, or offspring collectively. 

Y6UN"GER (yung'ger), a. cemp. Not so old as another. 

Y6UN"GEST (yung'gest), a. superl. Having She least age. 

YOUNGISH (yung'ish), a. Somewhat youog. - Tatter. 

Y6UNG'LING (yungling), n. [Sax. geongling.] Any am 
mal in the first part of life. — Dryden. 

t Y6UNG'LY, a. Y'outhful.— Gower. 



See Synojms. A, E, I, &c, long.— L E, t, &c, short.— F Ah, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MAR5CNE, BIRD •— M*W, BOOK, 



ZAX 



1151 



ZET 



JTOU-NU'LY (yungle), adv. 1. Early in life.— Shah. 2. Ig- 
norantly ; weakly ; [little used.] 

YOUNG'STER (yung'ster), re. A young person; a lad.— 
Shaft. [A colloquial word.] 

\ Y6UNGTH, for youth.— Spenser. 

Y6UNK'ER re. A young fellow or a stripling. — Shah. 

YOuR (yure), a. pronom. [from, you; Sax. eower ; G. euer.] 
1. Belonging to you. 2. It is used indefinitely ; as, " Ev- 
ery true man's apparel fits your thiei." —Shak. 3. Yours 
is used as a substitute for a noun in the nominative or ob- 
jective. 

YOvR-SELF', pron. ; pi. Yourselves, [your and self.] 1. A 
word added to you, to express distinction emphatically 
between you and other persons ; as, this work you must 
do yourself. 2. It is used as the reciprocal pronoun. 

YOuTH (yiith), re. [Sax. iuguth, iugoth, iogoth, geogath; 
G.jugend; B.jougd.] 1. The part of life that succeeds 
to childhood. — In a general sense, youth denotes the whole 
early part of life, from infancy to manhood ; but it is not 
unusual to divide the stages of life into infancy, childhood, 
youth, and manhood. 2. A young man. 3. A young per- 
son, male or female. 4. Young persons collectively. 

YOUTHFUL, a. 1. Young. 2. Pertaining to the early part 
of life. 3. Suitable to the first part of life. 4. Fresh ; vig- 
orous, as in youth. 

YOuTH'FUL-LY, adv. In a youthful manner. 

YOuTHFUL-NESS, n. Fullness of youth. 

I- YOuTHHOOD, re. The state of youth.— Cheyne. 

f YOuTH'LY, a. Young ; early in life.— Spenser. 

f YOuTH'Y, a. Young.— Spectator. [Bad, and not used.] 

YOWL, v. i. To cry out or howl like a dog.— John Wilson. 
[Scottish, and local in England.] 

Y-PlGHT (e-plte'), a. Fixed, that is, pitched.— Spenser. 

YT'TRI-A, n. [so called from Ytterby, a quarry in Sweden.] 
A metallic oxyd, discovered in 17&4 by Prof. Gadolin. It 
is a white powder, insipid, insoluble in water, and infu- 
sible. 

YT'TRI-OUS. a. Pertaining to yttria ; containing yttria. 

YTTRI-UM (it're-um), n. The metallic base of yttria. 

YTTRO-Ce'RiTE, n. A rare mineral, of a violet-blue col- 
or, inclining to gray and white, sometimes white. It con- 
sists of the fluorids of calcium, yttrium, and cerium. 

YT'TRO-CO-LUM'BlTE, \n. An ore of columbium and 

YTTRCV-TAN'TA-LITE, 5 yttrium, found in Sweden. It 
occurs of yellow, brown, and black colors. — Dana. 

YUCK, v x To itch.— Grose. [Local] 

YUFTS, a Russia leather, prepared from ox-hides in a 
peculiai ,uanner. — Toohe. 

YUG, > re. Tu the mythology of India, an age ; one of the 

YOG, 5 a,gi s into which the Hindoos divide the duration 
or existent : of the world. 

Yu'LAN, re. ii beautiful flowering tree of China ; the mag- 
nolia yulan 

YuLE, n. [Sav iule, geohol, gehul, geol ; Arm. gouel, gouil.] 
The name ai-cjently given to Christmas. [Still used in 
Scotland.] 

I YUX, n. A hiccangh. 

f YUX, v. i. To hii, :ough. 



Z. 



Zthe last letter tA She English alphabet, is a sibilant artic- 
• ulation, and is werely a vocal S. It bears the same 
relation to s as v does to / With us, it has not a com- 
pound sound, nor is it a double consonant, as in the Italian 
and German. It is as simple in its sound as S. _ 

As a numeral, Z stands for 2000, and, with a dash over it, Z, 
for 2,000,000. 

Za'BA-ISM, n. See Sabianism. 

ZACCHO, n. The lowest part of the pedestal of a col- 
umn. 

ZAF'FER, n. The residuum of cobalt, after the sulphur, 
arsenic, and other volatile matters have been expelled ; 
impure oxyd of cobalt. 

ZAM'BO, n. The child of a negro and a mulatto ; some- 
times, also, the child of an Indian and a negro. — Humboldt. 

Zi'Ml-A, n. A genus of plants, possessing nearly equal 
affinities with palms and tree-ferns, and bearing heads of 
flowers 'like pine cones. — P. Cyc. 

Za'MITE, n. A fossil plant of the genus zamia. — Brande. 

Za'NY, re. [It. xanni.] A merry-andrew ; a buffoon. 

Za'NY, v. t. To mimic. — Beaumont and Fletcher. 

Za/NY-ISM, n. The state or character of a zany. 

ZAPHA-RA, n. A mineral used by potters to produce a 
sky color in their wares ; zaffer from cobalt. 

ZAP'OTE, n. In Mexico, the general name of fruits which 
are roundish and contain a hard stone. 

ZiR'NICH (zar'nik), n. A name applied to the native sul- 
phurets of arsenic, sandarach or realgar, and orpiment. — 
Rees' Cyc. 

ZAX, re. An instrument for cutting slate. —Brande. 



ZA'YAT, n. A Burman caravansary, or resting-plac* tor 
travelers. 

Ze'A, n. The generic name of maize. — Zea mays i*» com- 
mon Indian corn. 

ZeAL (zeel), n. [Gr. fyXos ; L. zelus.] Passionate ardor in 
the pursuit of any thing ; enthusiasm. 

t ZeAL, v. i. To entertain zeal. — Bacon. 

t ZeALJSD, a. Filled with zeal.— Fuller. 

ZeAL'LESS, a. Wanting zeal— Hammond. 

* ZeAL'oT (zel'ut), n. One who engages warmly in any 

cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor ; 

one whose ardor is intemperate and censurable. 
ZEA-LOT1C-AL, a. Ardently zealous.— Strype. [Rare.] 
*t ZSAL'6T-RY, n. Behavior of a zealet— Bp. Taylor. 

* ZeAL'OUS (zel'us), a. Warmly engaged or ardent in the 

pursuit of an object Law. — Syn. Ardent ; eager ; ear- 
nest ; fervent ; hearty ; strenuous ; solicitous ; anxious ; 
warm; vehement; enthusiastic. 
* ZeAL'OUS-LY (zel'us-le), adv. With passionate ardor, 
with eagerness. — Gal., iv. 

* ZEAL'OUS-NESS (zel'us-nes), n. The quality of being 

zealous; zeal. 

ZE'BRA, re. A quadruped of Southern Africa, allied to the 
horse, and nearly as large. It is white, with numerous 
brownish-black bands, of greater or less intensity, and 
lighter down the middle of each band. 

ZE'BU, n. A bovine quadruped, ordinarily furnished with 
a fatty excrescence or hump on the shoulders, said to be 
sometimes of the weight of fifty pounds. It is found in 
India and Northern Africa, and is often cahed the Indian 
bull or ox, and cow. 

* ZE'CHIN (zeTrin), n. [It, zecchino.] An Italian gold coin ; 

usually written sequin, which see. 

ZE-GH'STeIN, n. [Ger.j A magnesian limestone, inferior 
in relative position to the has. — Brande. 

ZED, n. A name of the letter Z.— Shale. 

ZED'O-A-RY, n. A medicinal root, belonging to a plant, 
curcuma zedoaria, growing in the East Indies. It is a 
warm stomachic. 

ZeTN, n. The gluten of maize ; a substance of a yellowish 
color, soft, insipid, and elastic, procured from Indian corn. 

ZEM-IN-DaR', n. In India, the holder of a large portion of 
land under the government, with the right of underletting, 
and certain other privileges leading to much oppression. 
— Malcom. 

ZEM'IN-DA-RY, n. The jurisdiction of a zemindar. 

ZEND, n. A language that formerly prevailed in Persia. 

ZEND'A-VES-TA, re. A sacred book of the Guebres or Par- 
sees, ascribed to Zoroaster, and reverenced as a bible or 
6ole rule of faith and practice. It is often called Zend, by 
contraction. 

*Ze'NITH, n. [Fr. ; It zenit ; Sp. zenit or cenit.] That 
point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical 
to the spectator, and from which a direct perpendicular 
line, passing through the spectator, and extended, would 
proceed to the center of the earth. It is opposed to 
nadir. 

ZE'NITH-SECT'OR re. An astronomical instrument for 
measuring with great accuracy the distances from the ze- 
nith of stars which pass near that point. — Brande. 

ZE'O-LlTE, re. [Gr. ^ew, to boil.] A mineral, or, in modern 
mineralogy, a family of minerals, including stilbite, natro- 
lite, apophyllite, scolecite, Laumonite, &c. These minerals 
are hydrous silicates of alumina, with some of the earths 
or alkalies. They are most abundant in the cavities of 
amygdaloids, basalts, and lavas, though occasionally found 
in granite or gneiss.— Dana. 

ZE-O-LIT'IC, a. Pertaining to zeolite ; consisting of or like 
zeolites. 

ZE-O-LITI-FORM, a. Having the form of zeolite. 

ZEPHYR (zef'er), re. [L. zephyrus, Gr. fy(pvpos.] The west 
wind ; and, poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze. 

ZEPHY-RUS, re. [L.] The west wind or zephyr.— Spenser. 

ZERDA, re. [African.] A canine quadruped of Africa, with 
large ears. It bears some resemblance to the fox and 
jackal. — C. H Smith. 

ZE'RO, n. [It] Cipher ; nothing. The point of a ther- 
mometer from which it is graduated. Zero, in Reaumur's 
and the centigrade thermometer, is at the freezing point 
of water ; in Fahrenheit's thermometer, it is placed 32° 
below this, at about the temperature of a mixture of salt 
and snow. 

ZEST, re. [Perg.] 1. A piece of orange or lemon-peel, used 
to give flavor to liquor ; or the fine, thin oil that spurts out 
of it when squeezed ; also, the woody, thick skin quarter- 
ing the kernel of a walnut. — Cyc. 2. Relish ; something 
that gives a pleasant taste ; or the taste itself. 

ZEST, v. t. 1. To give a relish or "flavor to; to heighten 
taste or relish. 2. To cut the peel of an orange or lemon 
from top to bottom into thin slips ; or to squeeze the peel 
over the surface of any thing. — Cyc. 

Ze'TA, re. 1. A Greek letter, EJ or g, corresponding to our 
Z. 2. A little closet or chamber, with pipes running along 



DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GEfl, VX"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



zoo 



1152 



ZYT 



the walls, to convey hito it fresh air, or warm vapor from 
below.— Cyr- 

ZE-TETIG, a. [Gr. yjrcw.l That seeks; that proceeds by 
inquiry. — The zetetic method, in mathematics, is that used 
in investigating or solving a problem. — Hutton ; [rare.] 

ZE-TIG'U-LA, re. A small withdrawing room. 

ZEOG'MA (zug'ma), re. [Gr. tyvyua.] A figure in grammar, 
'>y which an adjective or verb which agrees with a nearer 
word is, by way of supplement, referred also to another 
more remote. 

ZIB'ET, 7i. A small carnivorous quadruped of India and 
Africa, closely allied to the civet, and somewhat resem- 
bling a weasel. 

ZIG'ZAG, a. Having short turns. 

ZIG'ZAG, re. 1. Something that has short turns or angles. 
— 2. In architecture, a molding running in a zigzag line.— 
Gwilt. 

ZIG'ZAG, v. t. To form with short turns. 

ZIG'ZAGG_ED, pp. Formed with short turns. 

ZIG'ZAG-GING, ppr. Forming with short turns. 

ZIM'ENT WATER, In. A name given to water found in 

GOP'PER WATER, j copper mines ; water impregnated 
_with copper. 

Zl'MOME, re. See Zymome. 

ZING, re. [Ger., Sw., Dan. zink.] A metal of a brilliant 
white color, with a shade of blue. It has a lamellated 
crystalline texture. 

ZIN-CIF'ER-OUS, ? a. [zinc, and L. fero.] Containing or 

ZIN€K-IF'ER-OUS, j affording zinc. 

ZING'ODE, re. The positive pole of a galvanic battery. — 
Graham. 

ZINC'OUS, a. Pertaining to zinc, or to the positive pole of 
a galvanic battery.— Graham. 

ZIN€K'Y,_<z. Pertaining to zinc, or having its appearance. 

ZINK'EN-lTE, n. [from M. Zinken.] A steel-gray ore of 
antimony and lead. — Dana. 

Zl'ON, re. 1. A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture 
of that city, became the royal residence of David and his 
successors. Hence, 2. The theocracy, or Church of God. 
— Kitto. 

ZIR'GON, re. A mineral, containing the earth zirconia and 
silica, occurring in square prisms, with pyramidal termin- 
ations, of a brown or gray color (occasionally red, and 
then called hyacinth), and often nearly transparent. — Dana. 

ZlR-€o'NI-A, re. An oxyd of the metal zirconium, resem- 
bling alumina in appearance. It is so hard as to scratch 
glass. When pure, it is a white powder. 

ZiR'GO-NlTE, re. A variety of the zircon. 

ZtR-€o'NI-UM, re. The metallic base of zirconia. It was 
first obtained by Berzelius, in 1824. It is commonly in 
the form of a black powder. 

ZIZ'EL, re. The suslik or earless marmot. — Cuvier. 

ZO-G'GO 1 

7o'GLF' L 7L [I t - 20CC0 ^)fr° m L.socczis.] A socle, which 

ZOG'GO-LO, ) see - 

Zo'DI-AG, re. [Fr. zodiaque ; It., Sp. zodiaco ; L. zodiacus.] 
1. A broad circle in the heavens, containing the twelve 
signs through which the sun passes in its annual course. 
The_ ecliptic divides it in the middle. 2. A girdle. 

ZO-Dl'A€-AL, a. Pertaining to the zodiac. — Zodiacal light, 
a luminous track, of an elongated triangular figure, lying 
nearly in the ecliptic, its base being on the horizon and its 
apex at varying altitudes. 

Zo'HXR, re. [Heb.] A Jewish book of cabalistic comment- 
aries on Scripture. — Brande. 

ZOIS ITE, re. [from Van Zois.] A grayish variety of epidote. 

ZoNE, re. [L. zo?za; Gr. ^lovn.) 1. A girdle. Dryden. — 2. In 
geography, a division of the earth, with respect to the 
temperature of different latitudes. There are five zones ; 
viz., the torrid, two temperate, and two frigid zones. — 3. 
In natural history, a band or stripe running round any ob- 
ject. — Gardner. 4. Circuit; circumference. 

ZoNJJD, a. 1. Wearing a zone.— Pope. 2. Having zones 
or concentric bands. 

ZoNE'LESS, a. Not having a zone.— Cowper. 

ZON'NIR, re. A belt or girdle, which the Christians and 
Jews in the Levant are obliged to wear, to distinguish 
them from the Mohammedans. — Gyc. 

ZO-OG'RA-PHER, re. One who describes animals, their 
forms and habits. 

ZO-O-GRAPH'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to the description of 
animals. 

ZO-OG'RA-PHY, re. [Gr. $wov and ypa#w.] A description 
of animals, their forms and habits ; zoology. [Little used.] 

ZO-OL'A-TRY, re. [Gr. i,wov and Xarpua.] The worship ol 
animals. 

Zo'O-LTTE, re. [Gr. ^wov and ~SidoS-] An animal substance, 
petrified or fossil. — Morin. [Not in use.] 

20-O-LOG'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to zoology. 



ZO-0-LOg'I€J-AL-LY, adv. According to the principles of 
zoology. — Lawrence. 

ZO-OL'O-GlST, re. One who is well versed in the natural 
history of animals, or who describes animals. 

ZO-OL'O-GY, re. [Gr. ^wov and Xoyo;.] That part of natural 
history which treats of the structure, habits, classification, 
and habitations of all animals, from man to the lowest of 
all the tribes. 

ZO-ON'I€, a. [Gr. JJwov.] Pertaining to or obtained from 
animals. 

ZO-ON'O-MY, re. [Gr. £Jwoi/ and vo/xog.] The laws of animal 
life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of ani- 
mal life, their causes and relations. 

ZO-OPH'A-GAN, re. [Gr. tJwoi> and 0ay«.] An animal that 
teeds on animal food ; a carnivorous quadruped. 

ZO-OPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on animals.— Kirby. 

Zo'O-PHiTE, n. See Zoophyte. 

ZO-O-PHOR'IG, a. [Gr. fyov and <popea.] The zoophone 
column is one which supports the figure of an animal. 

ZO-OPH'O-RUS, n. In ancient architecture, the. same with 
the/riezein modern architecture ; a part between the arch- 
itrave and cornice ; so called from the figures of animals 
carved upon it. 

Zo'O-PHyTE, re. [Gr. \wov and ipvrov.] A general term ap- 
plied to simple polyps, and compound individuals consist- 
ing of many polyps united together, as in most corals. 
They often branch like vegetation, and the polyps resem- 
ble liowers in form. The term formerly included sponges 
and corallines, in addition to the above. — Dana. 

ZO-0-PHYT'I€, a. Pertaining to zoophytes. 

Zo-O-PHy-TO-LOg'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to -oophytology. 

Zo-O-PHy-TOL'O-gY, n. [zoophyte, and Gr. \oyos.] The 
natural history of zoophytes. — Ed. Mncyc. 

ZO-0-TOM'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to zootomy. 

ZO-OT'O-MIST, n. One who dissects the bodies of anl 
mals ; a comparative anatomist. 

ZO-OT'O-M Y, n. [Gr. foov and tcixvw.] The anatomy of all 
animals ; the dissection of all animals for the purpose of 
discovering their structure, the functions of their several 
parts, <fcc. 

ZOR'IL, re. A South American variety of the skunk. 

ZOUNDS, n. An exclamation, contracted from "God's 
wounds ;" used formerly as an bath, and an expression 
of anger or wonder. — Smart. 

ZUF'FO-LO, re. [It. zufulo.] A little flute or flageolet, espe- 
cially that which is used to teach birds. 

Zu'MATE, re. See Zymate. 

Zu'MIC, a. See Zymic. 

ZU-MO-LOG'I€-AL, a. [this should be written zymological.] 
Pertaining to zumology. 

ZU-MOL'O-gIST, n. [properly zymologist.] One who is 
skilled in the fermentation of liquors. 

ZU-MOL'O-GY, re. [properly zymology ; Gr. typr] and \oyo(.) 
A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine 
of fermentation. 

ZU-MO-SIM'E-TER, ) n. [properly zymosimcter or zyvwmctcr , 

ZU-MOM'E-TER, ) Or. Z^jjuoois, or ^vjiij, and ixtrptu).] 
An instrument proposed by Swammerdam for ascertain 
ing the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture 
of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they ac- 
quirein fermentation. 

ZUR'LlTE, re. A Vesuviah mineral. 

ZYG-O-DAC-TYL'IC, \a. [ Gr. Ivyow and SuktvXos.] 

ZYG-O-DACTYL-OUS, 5 Having the toes disposed in 
pairs ; applied to those birds, as parrots, woodpeckers, 
cuckoos, &c, whose feet have two anterior and two pos- 
terior toes. — Partington. 

ZYG-O-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. ^evyna.] Pertaining to a bone of 
the head, called, also, osjugale, or cheek-bone ; or to the 
bony arch under which the temporal muscle passes, called 
the zygomatic arch. — Zygomatic bone, the cheek-bone. — 
Zygomatic muscles, two muscles of the face, which rise 
from the zygomatic bone, and are inserted into the corner 
of the mouth. — Zygomatic processes, the processes of the 
temporal and cheek bones, which unite to form the zygo- 
matic arch. — Zygomatic suture, the suture which joins the 
zygomatic processes of the temporal and cheek bones.— 
Parr. 

Zy'MATE, \ re. A supposed compound of the imaginary 

Zu'MATE, 5 zymic acid with a base. 

ZY'MIG ACID, ? re. [Gr. ^viirj, ferment.] A supposed pecul- 

Zu'MIG ACID, 5 iar acid obtained by the acetous ferment 
jition of vegetable substances. No such acid exists. 

ZY'MOME, 7 re. [Gr. ^v^rj-l One of the supposed proximate 

Zl'MOME, 5 principles of the gluten of wheat. It is a 
Jough substance, insoluble in alcohol. 

ZY-THEP'SA-RY, re. A brewery or brew-house. 

ZY'THUM, re. [Gr. fyu, to boil.] A beverage ; a liquor made 
from malt and wheat. 



* See Synopsis. I, E, T, &c, long.— A, K, f , &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; 
D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € aa K ; G as J; S as Z ; CH 



-MARINE, BIRD;— MOVE, BOOK, 
iSH, TH as in this, t Obsolete 



A KEY 



CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION 



GREEK, LATIN, AND SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES; 



THE WORDS ARE ACCENTED AND DIVIDED INTO SYLLABLES EXACTLY AS THEY OUGHT 

TO BE PRONOUNCED, ACCORDING TO RULES DRAWN FROM 

ANALOGY AND THE BEST USAGE. 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 

TERMINATIONAI VOCABULARIES 



HEBREW, GREEK, AND LATIN PROPER NAMES, 

IN WHICH 

THE W3RDS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR FINAL SYLLABLES, AND CLASSED ACCORDING 

TO THEIR ACCENTS, BY WHICH THE GENERAL ANALOGY OF PRONUNCIATION 

MAY BE SEEN AT ONE VIEW, AND THE ACCENTUATION OF 

EACH WORD MORE EASILY REMEMBERED. 



BY JOHN WALKER, 

AUTHOR OF THE "CRITICAL PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY," ETC. 

ENLARGED AND CORRECTED, 

BY CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, 

PROFESSOR IN YALE COLLEGE. 

NEW-YORK: 

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 

NOS. 329 AND 331 PEARL STREET 

(FRANKLIN SQUARE.) 

18 53. 



DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss. 

Re it remembered, That on the tenth day of July, in the fifty -fourth year of the Independence of the United States ol 
America, Noah Webster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the 6aid district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, 
the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit : 

"An American Dictionary of the English Language ; exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definitions 
of Words : by Noah Webster, LL.D. : abridged from the Quarto Edition of the Author : to which are added, a Synopsis 
of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists ; and Walker's Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, 
Latin, and Scripture Proper Names." 

In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by secu- 
ring the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein men- 
tioned ;" and also to the act, entitled, " An Act supplementary to an act, entitled, ' An Act for the encouragement of learning, 
by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein 
mentioned ;' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints. ,; 

CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, 
Clerk of the District of Connecticut 



DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, to wit: 

District Clerk's Qffke. 
Be it remembered, That on the thirteenth day of July, A.D. 1829, in the fifty-fourth year of the Independence of the 
United States of America, Noah Webster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the said district, have deposited in this office 
the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit: 

" An American Dictionary of the English Language ; exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definitions 
of Words : by Noah Webster, LL.D. : abridged from the Quarto Edition of the Author : to which are added, a Synopsis 
of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists ; and Walker's Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, 
Latin, and Scripture Proper Names." 

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by 
securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein 
mentioned;" and also to an act, entitled, "An Act supplementary to an act, entitled, 'An Act for the encouragement of 
learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the time3 
therein mentioned ;' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other 
prints." 

JNO. W. DAVIS. 
Clerk of the District of Massachusetts, 



Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, by 

CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Connecticut 



EDITOR'S PREFACE. 



Walker's Key was inserted for the first time, as an appendix to an English Dictionary, in 
the edition of this work published in 1829 ; and it is proper that whatever improvements have 
since been made in respect to the pronunciation of classical or scripture proper names, should 
be introduced into this Revised Edition. These improvements are contained chiefly in a 
revised edition of Walker's Key by the Rev. W. Trollope, M.A., late of Pembroke College, 
Cambridge, and one of the masters of Christ's Hospital, and in the " Classical Pronunciation 
of Proper Names," by Thomas S. Carr, of King's College School, London. The revision of 
Trollope is made the basis of the Key as here presented. It contains more than five hundred 
additional words, which were inserted by Trollope, and which are here indicated by a f pre- 
fixed. Carr's work contains nearly twenty-five hundred words which are not found in Walker 
or Trollope. These, also, have been inserted, and are indicated by an asterisk prefixed. The 
whole work has been carefully revised, and no efforts have been spared to render it accurate 
in every respect. 

There are some words in regard to which Carr differs from Walker. This is owing, in part, 
to the deference which he uniformly pays to classical authority, and his rejection of all modern 
innovations in respect to accent and quantity. Some of the words, also, as given in Carr, are 
the names of different persons or things from those contained in Walker. That the reader 
may have the advantage of both modes of pronunciation, that of Carr is usually inserted in 
connection with that of Walker and Trollope. 

It has not been thought necessaiy or desirable to carry the notation of the preceding Diction 
ary into this Key, but to leave the subject, in this respect, where it was left by Walker and 
Trollope. The rules for pronouncing Latin and Greek, as laid down by Walker, are easily 
understood and applied ; and if the words are properly accented and divided into syllables, 
nothing more seems necessaiy as a guide to the student. 



AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 



The Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language naturally suggested an idea of 
the present work. Proper names from the Greek and Latin form so considerable a part of 
every cultivated living language, that a dictionaiy seems to be imperfect without them. Polite 
scholars, indeed, are seldom at a loss for the pronunciation of words they so frequently meet 
with in the learned languages ; but there are great numbers of respectable English scholars, 
who, having only a tincture of classical learning, are much at a loss for a knowledge of this 
part of it. It is not only the learned professions that require this knowledge, but almost every 
one above the merely mechanical. The professors of painting, statuaiy, music, and those who 
admire their works — readers of history, politics, poetry — all who converse on subjects ever so 
little above the vulgar — have so frequent occasion to pronounce these proper names, that what- 
ever tends to render this pronunciation easy, must necessarily be acceptable to the public. 

The proper names in Scripture have still a higher claim to our attention. That every thing 
contained in that precious repository of divine truth should be rendered as easy as possible to 
the reader, can not be doubted ; and the very frequent occasions of pronouncing Scripture 
proper names, in a country where reading the Scripture makes part of the religious worship, 
seem to demand some work on this subject more perfect than any we have hitherto seen. 

I could have wished it had been undertaken by a person of more learning and leisure 
than myself, but we often wait in vain for works of this kind from those learned bodies which 
ought to produce them, and at last are obliged, for the best we can get, to the labors of some 
necessitous individual. Being long engaged in the instruction of youth, I felt the want of a 
work of this kind, and have supplied it in the best manner I am able. If I have been happy 
enough to be useful, or only so far useful as to induce some abler hand to undertake the sub- 
ject, I shall think my labor amply rewarded. I shall still console myself with reflecting, that 
he who has produced a prior work, however inferior to those that succeed it, is under a very 
different predicament from him who produces an after work inferior to those that have gone 
before. J. W. 



ADVERTISEMENT 



THE SECOND EDITION. 



The favorable reception of the first edition of this work has induced me to attempt to make 
it still more worthy of the acceptance of the public, by the addition of several critical observa 
tions, and particularly by two Terminational Vocabularies, of Greek and Latin, and Scripture 
Proper Names. That so much labor should be bestowed upon an inverted arrangement of 
these words, when they had already been given in their common alphabetical order, may be 
matter of wonder to many persons, who will naturally inquire into the utility of such an 
arrangement. To these it may be answered, that the words of all languages seem more 
related to each other by their terminations than by their beginnings ; that the Greek and Latin 
languages seem more particularly to be thus related ; and classing them according to their 
endings seemed to exhibit a new view of these languages, both curious and useful ; for, as 
their accent and quantity depend so much on their termination, such an arrangement appeared 
to give an easier and more comprehensive idea of their pronunciation than the common classi- 
fication of their initial syllables. This end was so desirable as to induce me to spare no pains, 
however dry and disgusting, to promote it ; and if the method I have taken has failed, my 
labor will not be entirely lost, if it convinces future prosodists that it is not unworthy of then- 
attention. J. W 



CONTENTS 



THE INTRODUCTION. 



The pronunciation of Greek and Latin not so difficult as 
that of our own language Page 5 

The ancient pronunciation of Greek and Latin a subject 
of great controversy among the learned 5 

The English, however faulty in their pronunciation of 
Greek and Latin, pronounce them, like other European 
nations, according to the analogy of their own language 5 

Sufficient vestiges remain to prove that the foreign pro- 
nunciation of the Greek and Latin letters is nearer to 
the ancient than the English — (Note) 6 

The English pronunciation of Greek and Latin injurious 
to quantity 6 



No sufficient reason for altering the present pronuncia 

tion on these accounts Page 

Rule for accenting Latin words 7 

Rule for accenting Greek proper names 7 

Probable conjecture why the terminations tia and tio, in 
Greek appellatives, have not the same sound as in 

Latin — (Note) 7 

Importance of settling the English quantity with 
which we pronounce Greek and Latin proper 
names, and particularly that of the unaccented syl- 
lables 8 



INTRODUCTION. 



The pronunciation of the learned languages is much more easily acquired than that ot our 
own. Whatever might have been the variety of the different dialects among the Greeks and 
the different provinces of the Romans, their languages, now being dead, are generally pro- 
nounced according to the respective analogies of the several languages of Europe, where those 
languages are cultivated, without partaking of those anomalies to which the living languages are 
liable. 

Whether one general, uniform pronunciation of the ancient languages be an object of suffi- 
cient importance to induce the learned to depart from the analogy of their own language, and 
to study the ancient Latin and Greek pronunciation, as they do the etymology, syntax, and 
prosody of those languages, is a question not very easy to be decided. The question becomes 
still more difficult when we consider the uncertainty we are in respecting the ancient pronun- 
ciation of the Greeks and Romans, and how much the learned are divided among themselves 
about it.* Till these points are settled, the English may well be allowed to follow their own 
pronunciation of Greek and Latin, as well as other nations, even though it should be confessed 
that it seems to depart more from what we can gather of the ancient pronunciation than either 
the Italian, French, or German.f For why the English should pay a compliment to the learned 
languages, which is not done by any other nation in Europe, it is not easy to conceive ; and as 
the colloquial communication of learned individuals of different nations so seldom happens, and 
is an object of so small importance when it does happen, it is not much to be regretted that 
when they meet they are scarcely intelligible to each other.J 

But the English are accused not only of departing from the genuine sound of the Greek and 



* Middleton contends that the initial c before e and i ought 
to be pronounced as the Italians now pronounce it ; and that 
Cicero is neither Sisero, as the French and English pronounce 
it, nor Kilcero, as Dr. Bentley asserts, but Tchitchero, as the 
Italians pronounce it at this day. This pronunciation, how- 
ever, is derided by Lipsius, who affirms that the c among the 
Romans had always the sound of k. Lipsius says, too, that 
of all the European nations the British alone pronounce the 
i properly ; but Middleton asserts that, of all nations, they 
pronounce it the worst. — Middleton, Be Lot. Liter. Pronun. 
Dissert. 

Lipsius, speaking of the different pronunciation of the let- 
ter G in different countries, says : 

Nos hodie qu&m peccamus ? Italorum enim plerique ut 
Z exprimunt, Galli et Belgse ut Jconsonantem. Itaque illo- 
rum est Lezere, Fuzere ; nostrum, Leiere, Fuiere (Lejere, Fu- 
jere). Omnia imperite, inepte. Germanos saltern audite, 
quorum sonus hie germanus, Legere, Tegere; ut in Lego, 
Tego, nee unquam variant : at nos ante I, E, JE, Y, semper 
dicimusque Jemmam, Jcetulos, Jinjivam, Jyrum ; pro istis, 
Gemmam, Gcetulos, Gingivam, Gyrum. Mutemus aut vapu- 
lemus. — Lipsius, De Rect. Pron. Ling. Lot., p. 71. [That Lip- 
sius is correct, see note on Rule 9, infra. — Trollope.] 

Hinc factum est, ut tanta in pronunciando varietas extite- 
ret, ut pauci inter se in literamm sonis consentiant. Quod 
quidem mirum non esset, si indocti tantum a doctis in eo, ac 
non ipsi etiam alioqui eruditi inter se magna contentione dis- 
6iderent. — Adolph. Meher., De Lin. Grac. vet. Pronun., cap. 
li.,"p. 15. 

t Monsieur Launcelot, the learned author of the Port Roy- 
al Greek Grammar, in order to convey the sound of the long 
Greek vowel rj, tells us it is a sound between the e and the a, 
and that Eustathius, who lived toward the close of the twelfth 
century, says that (Srj, /??j is a sound made in imitation of the 
bleating of sheep ; quoting to this purpose this verse of an 
ancient writer called Cratinus : 

'O <5' r)\iOios woircp npoSaTOV, (Srj, (Sri, /Siyiov (SaSifyi. 

Is fatuus perinde ac ovis, be, be, dicens, incedit. 

He, like a silly sheep, goes crying baa. 
Caninius has remarked the same, Hellen., p. 26. E longum, 
cujus sonus in ovium balatu sentitur, ut Cratinus et Varro 
tradiderunt. The sound of the e long may be perceived in the 
bleating of sheep, as Cratinus and Varro have handed down 
to us. 

Eustathius likewise remarks upon the 499 v. of Iliad, i., 
that the word BAdi/' iariv 6 rr)s icXeiiipvSpaS >)xo? niur)TiKu>s 
Kara. tovS naXaiovS ' (Srj exet uinnoiv npobarcov ^ui'i;?. Kpa- 
twos. BAo^ est Clepsydrae sonus, ex imitatione secundum 
veteres ; et Brj imitatur vocem ovium. Blops, according to 
the ancients, is a sound in imitation of the Clepsydra, as baa is 



expressive of the voice of sheep. It were to be wished that the 
sound of every Greek vowel had been conveyed to us by as 
faithful n testimony as the rjra ; we should certainly have had 
a better idea of that harmony for which the Greek language 
was so famous, and in which respect Quintilian candidly 
yields it the preference to the Latin. 

Aristophanes has handed down to us the pronunciation of 
the Greek diphthong du aZ, by making it expressive of the 
barking of a dog. This pronunciation is exactly like that 
preserved by nurses and children among us to this day in 
bow wow. This is the sound of the same letters in the Latia 
tongue ; not only in proper names derived from Greek, but 
in every other word where this diphthong occurs. Most na- 
tions in Europe, perhaps all but the English, pronounce au- 
dio and laudo as if written owdio and lowdo ; the diphthong 
sounding like ou in loud. Agreeable to this rule, it is pre- 
sumed that we formerly pronounced the apostle Paul near- 
er the original than at present. In Henry the Eighth's time 
it was written St. Poule's, and sermons were preached at 
Poule's Cross. The vulgar, generally the last to alter, eithei 
for the better or worse, still have a jingling proverb with this 
pronunciation, when they say, As old as Poules. 

The sound of the letter u is no less sincerely preserved in 
Plautus, in Menaech. (page 622, edit. Lambin), in making use 
of it to imitate the cry of an owl : 

" MEN. Egon' dedi ? PEN. Tu, tu, istic, inquam, vin' afferri 
noctuam, 

Quaa tu, tu, usque dicat tibi ? nam nos jam nos defessi su- 
mus." 

" It appears here," says Mr. Forster, in his Defense of the 
Greek accents, page 129, " that an owl's cry was tu, tu to a 
Roman ear, as it is too, too to an English." Lambin, who 
was a Frenchman, observes on the passage : " Alludit ad 
noctuae vocem seu cantum, tu, tu, seu tou, ton." He here al- 
ludes to the voice or noise of an owl. It may be further ob- 
served, that the English have totally departed from this sound 
of the u in their own language, as well as in their pronunci- 
ation of Latin. 

| Erasmus se adfuisse olim commemorat, cum die quo- 
dam solemn complures principum legati ad Maximilianum 
Imperatorem salutandi causa advenissent ; singulosque, Gal- 
ium, Germanum, Danum, Scotum, &c, orationem Latinam 
ita barbare ac vaste pronunciasse, ut Italis quibusdam nihil 
nisi risum moverint, qui eos non Latine, sed sua quemque 
lingua, locutos jurassent. — Middleton, De Lit. Lat. Pronun. 

The love of the marvelous prevails over truth ; and I ques- 
tion if the greatest diversity in the pronunciation of Latin ex- 
ceeds that of English at the capital, and in some of the coun- 
ties of Scotland^ and yet the inhabitants of both have no 
great difficulty in understanding each other. 



vi INTRODUCTION. 

Latin vowels, but of violating the quantity of these languages more than the people of any other 
nation in Europe. The author of the Essay upon the Harmony of Language gives us a detail 
of the particulars by which this accusation is proved ; and this is so true a picture of the En- 
glish pronunciation of Latin, that I shall quote it at length, as it may be of use to those who 
are obliged to learn this language without the aid of a teacher. 

" The falsification of the harmony by English scholars in their pronunciation of Latin, with 
regard to essential points, arises from two causes only : first, from a total inattention to the 
length of vowel sounds, making them long or short merely as chance directs ; and, secondly, 
from sounding double consonants as only one letter. The remedy of this last fault is obvious. 
"With regard to the first, we have already observed, that each of our vowels hath its general long 
sound and its general short sound totally different. Thus the short sound of e lengthened is 
expressed by the letter a, and the short sound of i lengthened is expressed by the letter e , 
and, with all these anomalies usual in the application of vowel characters to the vowel sounds 
of our own language, we proceed to the application of vowel sounds to the vowel characters of 
the Latin. Thus, in the first syllable of sidus and nomen, which ought to be long, and of miser 
and onus, which ought to be short, we equally use the common long sound of the vowels ; but 
in the oblique cases, sideris, nominis, miseri, oneris, &c, we use quite another sound, and that 
a short one. These strange anomalies are not common to us with our southern neighbors, the 
French, Spaniards, and Italians. They pronounce sidus, according to our orthography, seedus, 
and in the oblique cases preserve the same long sound of the i ; nomen they pronounce as we 
do, and preserve in the oblique cases the same long sound of the o. The Italians, also, in their 
own language, pronounce doubled consonants as distinctly as the two most discordant mutes of 
their alphabet. Whatever, therefore, they may want of expressing the true harmony of the 
Latin language, they certainly avoid the most glaring and absurd faults in our manner of pro- 
nouncing it. 

" It is a matter of curiosity to observe with what regularity we use these solecisms in thi 
pronunciation of Latin. When the penultimate is accented, its vowel, if followed but by a sin 
gle consonant, is always long, as in Dr. Forster's examples. When the antepenultimate is ac 
cented, its vowel is, without any regard to the requisite quantity, pronounced short, as in mi 
rab'ile, frig'idus ; except the rowel of the penultimate be followed by a vowel, and then the 
vowel of the antepenultimate is, with as little regard to true quantity, pronounced long, as in 
maneo, redeat, odium, imperium. Quantity is, however, vitiated to make i short, even in this 
case, as in oblivio, vinea, virium. The only difference we make in pronunciation between 
vinea and venia is, that to the vowel of the first syllable of the former, which ought to be long, 
we give a short sound; to that of the latter, which ought to be short, we give the same sound, 
but lengthened. U accented is always, before a single consonant, pronounced long, as in hu- 
merus, fugiens. Before two consonants no vowel sound is ever made long, except that of the 
diphthong au ; so that whenever a doubled consonant occurs, the preceding syllable is short.* 
Unaccented vowels we treat with no more ceremony in Latin than in our own language." — 
Essay upon the Harmony of Language, p. 224. Printed for Robson, 1774. 

This, it must be owned, is a very just state of the case ; but though the Latin quantity is 
thus violated, it is not, as this writer observes in the first part of the quotation, merely as 
chance directs, but, as he afterward observes, regularly, and he might have added, according 
to the analogy of English pronunciation, which, it may be observed, has a genius of its own 
and which, if not so well adapted to the pronunciation of Greek and Latin as some other mod 
ern languages, has as fixed and settled rules for pronouncing them as any other. 

The learned and ingenious author next proceeds to show the advantages of prwouncing oui 
vowels so as to express the Latin quantity. " We have reason to suppose," says he, " that 
our usual accentuation of Latin, however it may want of many elegances in the pronunciation 
of the Augustan age, is yet sufficiently just to give, with tolerable accuracy, that part of the 
general harmony of the language of which accent is the efficient. We have, also, pretty full 
information from the poets what syllables ought to have a long, and what a short quantity. To 
preserve, then, in our pronunciation, the true harmony of the language, we have only to take 
care to give the vowels a long sound or a short sound, as the quantity may require ; and, when 
doubled consonants occur, to pronounce each distinctly." — 76., p. 228. f 

In answer to this plea for alteration, it may be observed, that if thig mode of pronouncing 
Latin be that of foreign nations, and were really so superior to our own, we certainly must 

* This corruption of the true quantity is not, however, pe- and divided into Man-nus ; and Pannus, as if written Pay 

miliar to the English ; for Beza complains, in his country : mis, or as we always hear the word Panis (bread) ; for in 

" Hinc enim fit ut in Grseca oratione vel nullum, vel prorsus thie sound of Pannus there seems to be no necessity for pro 

corruptum numerum inte.lligas, dum multse breves produ- nouncing the two consonants distinctly, or separately, whicr 

cuntur, et contra plurimss longa? corripiuntur." — Beza, Be he seems to mean by distinctly, because the quantity is show* 

Germ. Pron. Gr&ctz Lingua, p. 50. by the long sound of the vowel ; but if by distinctly he mean? 

t By what this learned author has observed of our vicious separately, that is, as if what is called in French the sheva, or 

pronunciation of the vowels, by the long and short sound of mute e, were to follow the first consonant, this could not be 

them, and from the instances he has given, he must mean done without adding a syllable to the word ; and the word 

that length and shortness which arises from extending and Pannus would, in that case, certainly have three syllables, 

contracting them, independently of the obstruction which as if written Pan-eh-nus. — See Observations on the Greek and 

two consonants are supposed to occasion in forming the long Latin Accent and Quantity, sect 24. 
quantity. Thus we are to pronounce Manns as if written 






INTRODUCTION. n\ 

perceive it in the pronunciation of foreigners when we visit them or they us ; but I think 1 
may appeal to the experience of every one who has had an opportunity of making the experi- 
ment, that, so far from a superiority on the side of the foreign pronunciation, it seems much 
inferior to our own. I am aware of the power of habit, and of its being able, on many occa- 
sions, to make the worse appear the better reason ; but if the harmony of the Latin language de- 
pended so much on a preservation of the quantity as many pretend, this harmony would surely 
overcome the bias we have to our own pronunciation ; especially if our own were really so de- 
structive of harmony as it is said to be. Till, therefore, we have a more accurate idea of the 
nature of quantity, and of that beauty and harmony of which it is said to be the efficient in the 
pronunciation of Latin, we ought to preserve a pronunciation which has naturally sprung up 
in our own soil, and is congenial to our native language. Besides, an alteration of this kind 
would be attended with so much dispute and uncertainty as must make it highly impolitic to 
attempt it. 

The analogy, then, of our own language being the rule for pronouncing the learned lan- 
guages, we shall have little occasion for any other directions for the pronunciation of the Greek 
and Latin proper names than such as are given for the pronunciation of English words. The 
general rules are followed almost without exception. The first and most obvious powers of 
the letters are adopted, and there is scarcely any difficulty but in the position of the accent ; 
and this depends so much on the quantity of the vowels, that we need only inspect a dictionary 
to find the quantity of the penultimate vowel, and this determines the accent of all the Latin 
words, and, it may be added, of almost all Greek words likewise.* Now, in our pronunciation 
of Latin words, whatever be the quantity of the first syllable in a word of two syllables, we 
always place the accent on it ; but in words of more syllables, if the penultimate be long, we 
place the accent on that ; and if short, we accent the antepenultimate. 

The Rules of the Latin Accentuation are comprised in a clear and concise manner by Sant 
tius within four hexameters : 

Accentum in se ipsa" monosyllaba dictio ponit. 
Exacuit sedem dissyllabon omne priorem. 
E tribus, extollit primam penultima curta : 
Extollit seipsam quando est penultima longa. 

These Rules I have endeavored to express in English verse ■ 

Each monosyllable has stress, of course ; 
Words of two syllables, the first enforce ; 
A syllable that's long, and last but one, 
Must have the accent upon that or none ; 
But if this syllable be short the stress 
Must on the last but two its force express. 

The only difference that seems to obtain between the pronunciation of the Greek and Latin 
languages is, that in the Latin ti and si, preceded by an accent and followed by another vowel 
forming an improper diphthong, are pronounced, as in English, like sh or zh; as, natio, na- 
tion ; persuasio, persuasion, &c ; and that, in the Greek, the same letters retain their pure 
sound, as ^CKavria, ayvuala, irpoBdnov, k. r. X.f This difference, however, with very few excep- 
tions, does not extend to proper names ; which, coming to us through, and being mingled with, 
the Latin, fall into the general rule. In the same manner, though in Greek it was an estab- 
lished maxim, that if the last syllable was long, the accent could scarcely be higher than the 
penultimate ; yet in our pronunciation of Greek, and particularly of proper names, the Latin 

* That is, in the general pronunciation of Greek ; for, the corruption of t in the Gothic pronunciation of the Latin 

let the written accent be placed where it will, the quantita- language. 

tive accent, as it may be called, follows the analogy of the It is highly probable that in Lucian's time the Greek r, 

Latin. when followed by i and another vowel, had not assumed the 

t "The Greek language," says the learned critic Ainsworth, sound of a ; for the Sigma would not have failed to accuse 
on the letter T, "was happy in not being understood by the him of a usurpation of her powers, as he had done of her 
Goths, who would as certainly have corrupted the t in alrin, character ; and if we have preserved the r pure in this situa- 
wtiov, &c, into aiola, waiov, &c, as they did the Latin motio tion when we pronounce Greek, it is, perhaps, rather to be 
and doceo into moshio and dosheo." This, however, may be placed to the preserving power of the accented L in so great 
questioned ; for if, in Latin words, this impure sound of J a number of words than any adherence to the ancient rules 
takes place only in those words where the accent is on of pronunciation ; which invariably affirm that the conso- 
le preceding vowel, as in natio, facio, &c, but not when the nants had but one sound ; unless we except the y before y, 
accent follows the t, and is on the following vowel, as in so- k, x> I 5 as, dyyeXoS, ayicvpa, dyxiara, k. t. A., where the y is 
tietas, societas, &c, why should we suppose any other mode sounded like v ; but this, says Henry Stephen.?, is an error 
of pronunciation would have been adopted by the Goths in of the copyists, who have alittle extended the bottom of the 
their pronouncing the Greek? Now, no rule of pronuncia- v, and made a y of it ; for, says he, it is ridiculous to sup- 
tion is more uniform in the Greek language than that which pose that v was changed into y, and at the same time that y 
places an acute on the iota at the end of words when this should be pronounced like v. On the contrary, Scaliger 
letter is succeeded by a long vowel ; and. consequently, if the says that where we find an v before these letters, as avKvpa, it 
accent be preserved upon the proper letter, it is impossible is an error of the copyists, who imagined they better ex- 
the preceding t and s should go into the sound of sh ; why, pressed the pronunciation by this letter, which, as Vossius 
therefore, may we not suppose that the very frequent ac- observes, should seem to demand something particular and 
centuation of a penultimate i before a final vowel preserved uncommon. 

the preceding r from going into the sound of sh, as it was a It is reported of Scaliger, that when he was accosted by a 

difference of accentuation that occasioned this impure sound Scotchman in Latin, he begged his pardon for not understand- 

of t in the Latin language ? for though i at the end of words, ing him, as he had never learned the Scotch language. If 

when followed by a long vowel, or a vowel once long and this was the case with the pronunciation of a Scotchman, 

afterward contracted, had always the accent on it in Greek, which is so near that of the Continent, what would he have 

in Latin the accent was always on the preceding syllable in saki to the Latin pronunciation of an Englishman ? I take it. 

words of tliis termination , and hence seems to have arisen however, that this diversity is greatly exaggerated. 



vin INTRODUCTION. 

analogy of the accent is adopted ; and though the last syllable is long in Demosthenes, Arts 
(ophanes, Theramenes, and Deiphobe, yet, as the penultimate is short, the accent is placed on 
the antepenultimate, exactly as if they were Latin.* 

As these languages have been long dead, they admit of no new varieties of accent like the 
living languages. The common accentuation of Greek and Latin may be seen in lexicons and 
graduses ; and where the ancients indulged a variety, and the moderns are divided in their 
opinions about the most classical accentuation of words, it would be highly improper, in a work 
intended for general use, to enter into the thorny disputes of the learned : and it may be truly 
said, in the rhyming adage, 

When doctors disagree, 
Disciples then are free. 

This, however, has not been entirely neglected. Where there has been any considerable 
diversity of accentuation among our prosodists, I have consulted the best authorities, and have 
sometimes ventured to decide ; though, as Labbe says, '* Sed his de rebus, ut aliis multis, mata. 
doctiorum judicium expectare, quam meam in medium proferre sententiam." 

But the most important object of the present work is settling the English quantity (see 
Rules 20, 21, 22) with which we pronounce Greek and Latin proper names, and the soundi 
of some of the consonants. These are points in a state of great uncertainty, and are to be set- 
tled, not so much by a deep knowledge of the dead languages as by a thorough acquaintance 
with the analogies and general usage of our own tongue. These must, in the nature of things, 
enter largely into the pronunciation of a dead language ; and it is from an attention to these 
that the author hopes he has given to the public a work not entirely unworthy of their ac- 
ceptance. 

[1T There is, unquestionably, much sound sense and solid argument in the remarks contained 
in our author's Introduction ; and the affectation with which the Greek and Latin languages 
are sometimes pronounced is, to say the least, extremely ridiculous. At the same time, it 
would not be amiss to adopt some uniform mode of pronunciation, by which the true quantity 
of the words, and some portion at least of their ancient character, might be retained. The 
chief defect in the English pronunciation consists in the false analogy of the vowel sounds and 
the corrupt inflection of the consonants C, G, S, T before some of the vowels. This can not, 
of course, be remedied without departing, in some slight degree, from the general rules of oui 
own language, but if no sounds are introduced but those which are familiar to an English ear, 
though not perfectly in accordance with the usage of the English tongue, the trifling appear- 
ance of harshness or formality which a closer approximation to the correct pronunciation might 
possess would gradually wear away, and be amply compensated by its greater accuracy. Now, 
in order to attain this end, it will only be necessary to affix to each vowel its distinctive long 
and short quantity, and to confine the above-named consonants invariably to the same sound. 
The precise rules for the pronouncing these letters will be given in their proper places, with- 
out interfering, however, with those of Mr. Walker, which, with the exception alluded to, are 
clear, correct, and explicit, and, for those who prefer to adhere to the English pronunciation, 
the best, without any exception, that can be adopted. — Trollope.] 

* This, however, was contrary to the general practice of nouns turned into Latin are pronounced with the same let 

the Romans ; for Victorinus, in his Grammar, says, Graca ters, they have the Greek accent ; for, when we say Thyas, 

nomina, si iisdem Uteris proferuntur (Latine versa), Grcecos Nais, the latter syllable has the acute accent; and when we 

acccntus habebunt : nam cum dicimus Thyas, Nais, acutum pronounce Themistio, Calypso, Theano, we see the last sylla- 

habebit posterior accentum ; et cum Themistio, Calypso, ble is circumflexed ; neither of which is ever seen in Latie 

Theano, ultimam circumflecti videbimus, quod utrumque words, or very rarely." — Servius, Forstefs Reply, page 31 

T atinus sermo non patitur, nisi admodum raro. " If Greek note 32, bot 



RULES 

FOR PRONOUNCING THE VOWELS 

OF 

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



1. Kverk vowel with the accent on it at the end of a syl- 
Jable is pronounced as in English, with its first, long, open 
sound: thus, Ca'to* Philome'la, Orion, Pho'cion, Lu'cifer, &c, 
have the accented vowels sounded exactly as in the English 
words pa'per, me'ter, spi'der, no'ble, tu'tor, &c. 

2. Every accented vowel not ending a syllable, but fol- 
lowed by a consonant, has the short sound, as in English : 
thus, Man'lius, Pen'theus, Pin'darus, Col'ckis, Cuftius, &c, 
have the short sound of the accented vowels, as in man'ner, 
plen'ty, prin'ter, collar, cur'few, &c. 

3. Every final i, though unaccented, has the long, open 
sound : thus, the final % forming the genitive case, as in 
Magis'tri) or the plural number, as in De'cii, has the long, 
open sound, as in vi'al ; and this sound we give to this vowel 
in this situation, because the Latin i final in genitives, plurals, 
and preterperfect tenses of verbs is always long ; and con- 
sequently, where the accented i is followed by i final, both 
are pronounced with the long diphthongal i, like the noun 
eye, as Achi'vi.f 

4. Every unaccented i ending a syllable not final, as that 
in the second of Alcibiades, the Hernici, &c, is pronounced 
like e,{ as if written Alcebiades, the Hcrneci, &c. So the last 
syllable but one of the Fabii, the Horatii, the Curiatii, &c, is 
pronounced as if written Fa-be-i, Ho-ra-ske-i, Cu-re-a-she-i ,■§ 
and therefore, if the unaccented i and the diphthong e con- 
clude a word, they are both pronounced like e,|| as Harpyice, 
Har-py'e-e. 

5. The diphthongs a and ce, ending a syllable with the ac- 
cent on it, are pronounced exactly like the long English e, 
as Casar, (Eta, &c, as if written Cedsar, Ee'ta, &c. ; and like 
the short e, when followed by a consonant in the same syl- 
lable, as Dadalus, (Edipus, &c.,T[ pronounced as if written 
Deddalus, Eddipus, &c. The vowels ei are generally pro- 
nounced like long i.** — For the vowels eu in final syllables, 



* The pronunciation of Cato, Plato, Cleopatra, &c, has 
been but lately adopted. Quin, and all the old dramatic 
school, used to pronounce the a in these and similar words 
like the a in father. Mr. Garrick, with great good sense, as 
well as good taste, brought in the present pronunciation, and 
the propriety of it has made it now universal. 

t This is the true analogical pronunciation of this letter, 
when ending an accented syllable ; but a most disgraceful 
affectation of foreign pronunciation has exchanged this full 
diphthongal sound for the meager, squeezed sound of the 
French and Italian i, not only in almost every word derived 
from those languages, but in many which are purely Latin, 
as Faustina, Messalina, fee. Nay, words from the Saxon 
have been equally perverted, and we hear the i in Elfrida, 
Edwina, &c, turned into Elfreeda, Edweena, &c. It is true, 
this is the sound the Romans gave to their i ; [This is by no 
means certain. — Trollope.] ; but the speakers here alluded to 
are perfectly innocent of this, and do not pronounce it in 
this mannei *br its antiquity, but its novelty. 

J This arises from the more rapid pronunciation of the 
vowel, which is short. — Trollape. 

§ See below on Rule 10.— trollope. 

|| The i is rapidly pronounced, the voice resting upon the 
final diphthong. — Trollope. 

IT This is certainly incorrect. Diphthongs are pronounced 
long wherever they occur, as Deedalus, Eedipus, &c. The 
Latins doubtlessly distinguished between the sound of a and 
ffi, as the Greeks between the corresponding diphthongs ai 
and oi ; but this difference can not be readily accommodated 
to the English pronunciation. — Trollope. [By those who 
endeavor to mark long and short quantity in pronouncing 
Latin and Greek, the remark of Walker will undoubtedly be 
considered as incorrect. But the great majority of scholars, 
both in England and America, do not attempt this. They 
conform their pronunciation, in this respect, to English anal- 
ogy, and adopt the principle laid down by Walker!— Ed.] 

** See Elegeia, Hygeia, &c, in the Terminational Vocab- 
ulary of Greek and Latin Proper Names. [Here Walker, 
In thus referring to the Terminational Vocabulary, intends 



see the word Idomeneus ; and for the ou in the same sy^a- 
bles, see the word Antinous, and similar words, in the Term- 
inational Vocabulary. 

6. Y is exactly under the same predicament as i. It is 
long when ending an accented syllable, as Cy'rus ; or when 
ending an unaccented syllable, if final, as JE'gy, AE'py, &c. : 
short when joined to a consonant in the same syllable, as 
Lydidas; and sometimes long and sometimes short, when 
ending an initial syllable not under the accent, as Lycur'gus, 
pronounced with the first syllable like lie, a falsehood ; and 
Lysim'achus with the first syllable like the first of legion, or 
nearly as if divided into Lys-lm'a-chus, &c— See Principles 
of English Pronunciation prefixed to the Critical Pronoun 
cir.g Dictionary, No. 117, 118, &c, and 185, 186, 187. 

7. A, ending an unaccented syllable, has the same obscure 
sound as in the same situation in English words ; but it is a 
sound bordering on the Italian a, or the a in father, as Dia'na, 
where the difference between the accented and unaccented 
a is palpable. — See Principles of English Pronunciation pre- 
fixed to the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, No. 92, and the 
letter A. 

8. E final, either with or without the preceding consonant 
always forms a distinct syllable, as Penelope, Hippocrene, 
Evoe, Amphitrite, &c. When any Greek or Latin word is 
Anglicized into this termination, by cutting off a syllable o p 
the original, it becomes then an English word, and is pro- 
nounced according to our own analogy : thus, Acidalius, al- 
tered to Acidale, has the final e sunk," and is a word of three 
syllables only. Proserpine, from Proserpina, undergoes the 
same alteration. Thebes and Athens, derived from the Greek 
Qrj6ai and Adrjvai, and the Latin Thebce and Athena, are per- 
fectly Anglicized ; the former into a monosyllable, and the 
latter into a dissyllable : and the Greek Kprjrt) and the Latin 
Creta have both sunk into the English monosyllable Crete : 
Hecate likewise, pronounced in three syllables when Latin, 
and in the same number in the Greek word 'EKdrrj, in En- 
glish is universally contracted into two, by sinking the final e 
Shakspeare seems to have begun, as he has now confirmed, 
this pronunciation, by so adapting the word in Macbeth : 

" Why, how now, Hecat' ? you look angerly." — Act IV. 
Perhaps this was no more than a poetical license to him ; 
but the actors have adopted it in the songs in this tragedy : 

" He-cate, He-eate, come away." 
And the play-going world, who form no small portion oi 
what is called the better sort of people, have followed the 
actors in this word ; and the rest of the world have followed 
them. 

The Roman magistrate, named Aildilis, is Anglicized by 
pronouncing it in two syllables, M'dile. The capital of Sici- 
ly, Syracuse, of four syllables, is made three in the English, 
Syda-cuse ; and the city of Tyrus, of two syllables, is reduced 
to a monosyllable in the English Tyre. 

Rules for Pronouncing the Consonants of Greek 
and Latin Proper Names. 

9. C and G are hard before a, o, and u, as Cato, Comus. 
Cures, Galba, Gorgon, &c. ; and soft before e, i, and y, as 
Cebes, Cinna, Cycnus, Geryon, Geta, Gillus, Gyges, Gymnos- 
ophistce, &c* 



apparently to say, that in certain terminations the ei is to be 
pronounced like e followed by y. Thus, Elegeia, he says 
should be pronounced as if written Elcjdya. — Ed.] 

* That this general rule should be violated by smatterers 
in the learned languages, in such words as Gymnastic, Hete- 
rogeneous, &c, is not to be wondered at ; but that men of 
real learning, who do not want to show themselves off to the 
vulgar by such innuendos of their erudition, should give in to 
this irregularity, is really surprising. We laugh at" the ped- 
antry of the age of James the First, where there is scarcely 
a page in any English book that is not sprinkled with twenty 
Greek and Latin quotations : and yet do not see the similar 



10 



RULES FOR PRONOUNCING 



10. C." S, and T, before ia, ie, ii, io. iu, and eu, preceded 
by the accent, in Latin words, as in English, change into sh 
and zh, as Accius, Caduceus, Helvetii, Hesiod, Masia, Portia, 
Portius, Sodas, Statius, Tatian, pronounced Aksheus, Cadu- 
sheus, Helveshei, Hezheod, Mezhea, Porshea, Porsheus, Sosheas, 
Stasheas, Tashean, &c. — See Principles of English Pronun- 
ciation prefixed to the Pronouncing Dictionary, No. 357, 450, 
451, 459, 463. But when the accent is on the first of the 
diphthongal vowels, the preceding consonant does not go 
into sh, but preserves its sound pure, as Miltiades, Antiates, 
&c. See the word Satiety, in the Crit. Pron. Diet. 

11. Proper names ending in tia, sia, cyon, and sion, pre- 
ceded by the accent, change the t, s, &c, into sh and zh. 
Thus, Phocion, Sicyon, and Cercyon, are pronounced exactly 
in our own analogy, as if written Phoshean, Sichtan, and 
Sershean. Artemisia and Aspasia sound as if written Arte- 
mizhea and Aspazhea ; Galatia, Aratia, Alotia, and Batia, as 
if written Galashea, Arashea, Aloshea, and Bashea ; and if 
Ada, the town in Campania, is not so pronounced, it is to 
distinguish it from Asia, the eastern region of the world. 
But the termination tion (of which there are not even twen- 
ty examples in proper names throughout the whole Greek 
and Latin languages) seems to preserve the t from going 
into sh, as the last remnant of a learned pronunciation ; and 
to avoid, as much as possible, assimilating with so vulgar an 
English termination: thus, though JEsion, Iasion, Dionysion, 
change the s into z, as if written JEzion, Iazion, Dionizion, 
the z does not become zh; but Philistion, Gration, Eurytion, 
Dotion, Androtion, Hippotion, Iphition, Ornytion, Metion, 
Poly tion, Stration, Sotion, AHantion, Pallantion, JEtion, Hip- 
pocration, and Amphyction, preserve the t in its true sound. 
Hephastion, however, from the frequency of appearing with 
Alexander, has deserted the small class of his Greek com- 
panions, and joined the English multitude, by rhyming with 
question ; and Tatian and Theodotion seem perfectly Angli- 
cized. With very, very few exceptions, therefore, it may 
be concluded that Greek and Latin proper names are pro- 
nounced alike, and that both of them follow the analogy of 
English pronunciation. 

12. Ch. These letters before a vowel are always pro- 



pedantry of interlarding our pronunciation with Greek and 
Latin sounds ; which may be affirmed to be a greater per- 
version of our language than the former. In the one case, 
the introduction of Greek and Latin quotations does not in- 
terfere with the English phraseology ; but in the other, the 
pronunciation is disturbed, and a motley jargon of sounds 
introduced, as inconsistent with true taste as it is with neat- 
ness and uniformity. 

[This censure is more severe than just It is certain that 
these consonants were uniformly pronounced hard by the 
Latins before all the vowels indifferently ; C like K, and G 
like the English G in Gun. This is proved with respect to 
C by the Greek writers, who always spell Latin names in 
which it occurs with K; as, Kacipuv, Y,Knriwv.. for Cicero, 
Scipio. On the other hand, the Romans express the Greek 
K by C; as, Cimon for Kiiiiov. Hence, Quinctilian observes : 
G est litera, qua. ad omnes vocales vim suam perferat. The 
hard sound of G is also apparent from words derived from 
the Greek, where y is always represented by G ; and that 
the analogy of sound is strictly preserved, is especially man- 
ifest in such words as angelus, from the Greek ayyeXoS- In 
these words, the first y was always pronounced like v ; and 
as this sound is preserved in the Latin by a change of letter, 
it follows that the g, which represents the second y, agrees 
with it in sound also. Since, therefore, the true pronuncia- 
tion of these letters, C and G, correspond with their English 
pronunciation before certain vowels, there is no great vio- 
lence done to the harmony of language by adopting it, in 
Latin proper names, before all. — Trollope.] 

* The uniform and single sound of C has been noted in 
the note in the preceding rule : that of S and T were doubt- 
less also single and uniform. That S had but one sound, 
like that of the English Sun, is evident from the Greek usage 
of the letter, and from the silence of all the old grammarians 
as to any variety in its pronunciation : a remark which, by- 
the-way, will apply to all the consonants generally. With 
respect to T, the only difficulty regards the syllable Ti, when 
followed by a vowel, as in the examples given in the rule. 
There is no doubt that Ti was always pronounced alike by 
the Latins, whatever was the place of the accent ; so that it 
was the same in Miltiades and Tatian, except that in the 
former it was long, and in the latter short, and therefore ut- 
tered with greater rapidity. This is evident from words 
common both to the Greeks and Romans, with the former 
of whom the pronunciation of ti never varies. In Latin 
names, also, the Greeks always retain the same letters ; and 
vice versa. Thus, we have TirioS, Titius ; and Ueaaivvvriav 
S-edv, Pessinuntiam Deam, Herod., i., 11. It does not appear, 
indeed, that any sound like sh or zh was known to the Ro- 
mans ; nor is it likely that they pronounced the same letter 
differently in declining the same word ; as, nom. pi. artes, 
genit. arshium, dat. artihus, &c. These observations are 
squally applicab 1 ^ to the next rule. — Trollope. 



nounced like k, as Chabrias, Cholchis, &c. ; but when they 
come bef.'.-e a mute consonant at the beginning of a word, 
as in Chthonia, they are mute, and the word is pronounced 
as if written Thonia. Words beginning with Sche, as Sche- 
dius,^ Scheria, &c, are pronounced as if written Skedius, 
Skeria, &c. ; and c before n in the Latin prsenomen Cneun 
or Gnaus is mute : so in Cnopus, Cnossus, &c, and before 
t in Cteatus, and g before n in Gnidus, pronounced Nopus, 
Nossus, Teatus, and Nidus* 

13. At the beginning of Greek words, we frequently find 
the uncombinable consonants MN, TM, &c. ; as, Mnemosyne, 
Mnesidamus, Mneus, Mnesteus, Tmolus, &c. These are to 
be pronounced with the first consonant mute, as if written 
Nemosyne, Nesidamus, Neus, Nesteus, Molus, &c, in the same 
manner as we pronounce the words Bdellium, Pneumatic, 
Gnomen, Mnemonics, &c, without the initial consonant. 
The same may be observed of the C hard, like K, when it 
comes before T; as, Ctesiphon, Ctesippus, &c. Some of 
these words we see sometimes written with an e or i after 
the first consonant, as Menesteus, Timolus, &c, and then the 
initial consonant is pronounced. 

14. Ph, followed by a consonant, is mute, as Phthia, Phthi- 
otis, pronounced Thia, Thiotis, in the same manner as the 
naturalized Greek word Phthisic, pronounced Tisic. 

15. Ps. P is mute, also, in this combination, as in Psyche, 
Psammetichus, &c, pronounced Sykc, Sammetichus, &c. 

16. Pt. P is mute in words beginning with these letters, 
when followed by a vowel, as Ptolemy, Pterilas, &c, pro- 
nounced Tolcmy, Terilas, &c. ; but when followed by I, the 
t is heard, as in Tleptolemus ; for, though we have do words 
of our own with these initial consonants, we have many 
words that end with them, and they are certainly pronounced. 
The same may be observed of the Z in Zmilaces. 

17. The letters S, X, and Z require but little observation, 
being generally pronounced as in pure English words. It 
may, however, be remarked, that s, at the end of words pre- 
ceded by any of the vowels but e, has its pure, hissing sound ; 
as, mas, dis, os, mus, Sic. ;t but, when e precedes, it goes into 
the sound of z ; as pes, Thersites, votes, &c. It may also be 
observed that, when it ends a word preceded by r or n, it 
has the sound of z. Thus the letter s in mens, Mars, mors, 
&c, has the same sound as in the English words hens, stars, 
wars, &c. X, when beginning a word or syllable, is pro- 
nounced like z ; as, Xerxes, Xenophon, are pronounced Zerk- 
zes, Zenophon, &c. Z is uniformly pronounced as in En- 
glish words : thus, the Z in Zeno and Zeugma is pronounced 
as we hear it in zeal, zone, &c. 

Rules for ascertaining the English Quantity oj 
Greek and Latin Proper Names. 

18. It may at first be observed that, in words of two sylla- 
bles, with but one consonant in the middle, whatever be the 
quantity of the vowel in the first syllable in Greek or Latin, 
we always make it long in English. Thus, Crates, the phi- 
losopher, and crates, a hurdle ; decus, honor, and dedo, to give ; 
ovo, to triumph, and ovum, an egg ; Numa, the legislator, and 
Numen, the divinity, have the first vowel always sounded 
equally long by an English speaker, although in Latin the 
first vowel in the first word of each of these pairs is short. j 



* These letters are not absolutely mute, being accompanied 
with a small, guttural tone, sufficient to indicate their effect 
upon the pronunciation, So in the next rule ; the remark 
at the end of which proves that the guttural sound was so 
as to have nearly the same effect as the insertion of a vowel. 
Rules 14, 15, 16 are subject to the same remark. The word 
Tleptolemus, in Rule 16, can hardly be considered of the 
same class. — Trollope. 

t Not only so, but in all cases, as before remarked ; neither 
with e, r, nor n preceding, is S necessarily pronounced Eke z. 
— Trollope. 

X The only word occurring to me at present, where this 
rule is not observed, is Canon, a rule, which is always pro- 
nounced like the word Cannon, a piece of ordnance. 

[Considerable difference, however, was made by the Ro- 
mans between the long and short vowels, by pronouncing 
the latter more rapidly than the former. Probably a kind 
of double emphasis was placed upon the long vowels, which 
the English pronunciation does not recognize. We make 
no difference, for instance, in the sound of the verb morcr 
whether it signifies to delay, or to be foolish. In the first sig- 
nification it is short, in the latter long; and that the Romans 
marked this difference in their pronunciation is evident from 
the sarcasm of Nero, pointed against his predecessor Clau- 
dius (Suet., Ner., 33) : Morari eum inter homines desiisse, pro- 
ducta syllaba prima. The anomaly would be removed by 
regularly pronouncing the long vowels as in the English 
words tame, scene, wine, bone, tune, and the short ones as in 
can, send, win, bond, tun, added to the single sound of the 
consonant already described. The application of this rulo 
to the examples produced in the following sections, if the 
quantity of the syllables be duly attended to, will sufficiently 
prove the advantages arising from this method of pronun 
ciation. — Trollope.] 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



11 



19. On the contrary words of three syllables, with the ac- 
cent on the first, and with but one consonant after the first 
■yllable, have that syllable pronounced short, let the Greek 
or Latin quantity be what it will. Thus, rcgulus and remora, 
mimicus and minium, are heard with the first vowel short in 
English pronunciation, though the first two words of each 
pair have their first syllables long in Latin ; and the u in 
fumigo and fugito is pronounced long in both words, though 
in Latin the last u is short. This rule is never broken but 
when the first syllable is followed by e or i, followed by an- 
other vowel : in this case, that vowel in the first syllable is 
long, except the vowel be i ; thus, lamia, genius, Libya, do- 
ceo, cupio have the accent on the first syllable, and this sylla- 
ble is pronounced long in every word but Libya, though in 
the original it is equally short in all. 

20. It must have frequently occurred to those who in- 
struct youth, that though the quantity of the accented sylla- 
ble of long proper names has been easily conveyed, yet that 
the quantity of the preceding unaccented syllables has occa- 
sioned some embarrassment. An appeal to the laws of our 
own language would soon have removed the perplexity, and 
enabled us to pronounce the initial unaccented syllables with 
as much decision as the others. Thus every accented ante- 
penultimate vowel but u, even when followed by one con- 
sonant only, is, in our pronunciation of the Latin, as well as 
in English, short : thus, fabulo, separo, diligo, nobilis, cucumis 
have the first vowels pronounced as in the English words 
capital, celebrate, simony, solitude, luculent, in direct opposi- 
tion to the Latin quantity, which makes every antepenulti- 
mate vowel in all these words but the last, long ; and this 
we pronounce long, though short in Latin. But if a semi- 
consonant diphthong succeed, then every such vowel is long 
but i, in our pronunciation of both languages ; and Euga- 
neus. Eugenia, filius, folium, dubia have the vowel in the 
antepenultimate syllable pronounced exactly as in the En- 
glish words satiate, menial, delirious, notorious, penurious ; 
though they are all short in Latin but the i, which we pro- 
nounce short, though in the Latin it is long. 

21. The same rule of quantity takes place in those sylla- 
bles which have the secondary accent ; for as we pronounce 
lamentation, demonstration, diminution, domination, lucubra- 
tion, with every vowel in the first syllable short but u, so we 
pronounce the same vowels in the same manner in lamen- 
tatio, demonstralio, dhninutio, dominatio, and lucubratio ; but 
if a semi-consonant diphthong succeed the secondary accent, 
as in Heliodorus, Gabinianus, Herodianus, and Volusianus, 
every vowel preceding the diphthong is long but i; just as 
we should pronounce these vowels in the English words 
amiability, mediatorial, propitiation, excoriation, centuriator, 
&.c. For the nature of the secondary accent, see Principles 
prefixed to the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, No. 544. 

22. But to reduce these rules into a smaller compass, that 
they may be more easily comprehended and remembered, 
it may be observed, that as we always shorten every ante- 
penultimate vowel with the primary accent but u, unless fol- 
lowed by a semi-consonant diphthong, though this antepe- 
nultimate vowel is often long in Greek and Latin, as JEschy- 
lus, JEschiues, &c. , and the antepenultimate i, even though 
it be followed by such a diphthong, as Eleusinia, Ocrisia, 
&c. ; so we shorten the first syllable of Msculapius, Mno- 
barbus,* &c, because the first syllable of both these words 
has the secondary accent, but we pronounce the same vow- 
els long in /Ethiopia, jEgialeus, Haliartus, &c, because this 
accent is followed by a semi-consonant diphthong. 

23. This rule sometimes holds good where a mute and 
liquid intervene, and determines the first syllable of Adrian, 
Adriatic, &c, to be long like ay, and not short like add ; and 
it is on this analogical division of the words, so little under- 
stood or attended to, that a perfect and a consistent pronun- 
ciation of them depends. It is this analogy that determines 
the first u to be long in stupidus, and the y short in clypea. 
though both are short in the Latin ; and the o in the first 
syllable of Coriolanus, which is short in Latin, to be long in 
English. 

24. The necessity of attending to the quantity of the vow- 
el in the accented syllable has sometimes produced a divi- 
sion of words in the following vocabulary, that does not seem 
to convey the actual pronunciation.! Thus the words Sul- 
■piiius, Anicium, Artemisium, &c, being divided into Sul- 
pitfi-us, A-nic'i-um, Ar-te-mis'i-um, <fcc, we fancy the syllable 
after the accent deprived of a consonant closely united with 
it in sound, and which, from such a union, derives an aspi- 
rated sound equivalent to sh. But as the sound of t, c, or s, 
in this situation, is so generally understood, it was thought 
more eligible to divide the words in this manner, than into 
Sal-pi'ti-us, A-ni'ci-um. Ar-te-mi'si-um, as in the latter mode 



* It is more correct to pronounce these diphthongs long 
universally, which may be done without any violence to the 
ear of an Englishman. — Trollope. [Undoubtedly, if we in- 
:ended to mark the quantity in our pronunciation, but not 
otherwise. See remarks on note 6, p. 9. — Ed.] 

t This Is not the case, if the correct method of pronuncia- 
tion is adopted. — Trollope. 



the i wants its shortening consonant, and might, by some 
speakers, be pronounced, /as it generally is in Scotland, like 
ee. The same may be observed of c and g when they end a 
syllable, and are followed by e or i, as in Ac-e-ra'tus, Ac-i- 
da'li-a, Tig-el-li'nus, Teg'y-ra, &c, where the c and g ending 
a syllable, we at first sight think them to have their hard 
sound ; but by observing the succeeding vowel, we soon 
perceive them to be soft, and only made to end a syllable, in 
order to determine the shortness of the vowel which pre- 
cedes. 

25. The general rule, therefore, of quantity indicated by 
the syllabication adopted in the vocabulary, is, that, when a 
consonant ends the syllable, the vowel is always short, wheth- 
er the accent be on it or not ; and that, when a vowel ends 
a syllable with the accent on it, it is always long ; that the 
vowel u, when it ends a syllable, is long* whether the ac- 
cent be on it or not, and that the vowel i (3) (4), when it ends 
a syllable without the accent, is pronounced like e ,• but if the 
syllable be final, it has its long, open sound, as if the accent 
were on it ; and the same may be observed of the letter y. 

Rules for placing the Accent of Greek and 
Latin Proper Names. 

26. "Words of two syllables, either Greek or Latin, what- 
ever be the quantity in the original, have, in English pronun- 
ciation, the accent on the first syllable ; and if a single con- 
sonant come between two vowels, the consonant goes to the 
last syllable, and the vowel in the first is long, as Cato, Ceres, 
Comusf &c. See Principles of English Pronunciation pre- 
fixed to the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, No. 503, and 
the word Drama. 

27. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or Latin 
into English, have generally the accent of the Latin ; that is, 
if the penultimate be long, the accent is on it, as Severus, 
Democedes, &c. ; if short, the accent is on the antepenulti- 
mate, as Demosthenes, Aristophanes, Posthumus, &c. See In- 
troduction. 

28. When Greek or Latin Proper Names are Anglicized 
either by an alteration of the letters or by cutting otf the 
latter syllables, the accent of the original, as in appellatives 
under the same predicament, is transferred nearer to the be 
ginning of the word. Thus, Proserpina has the accent on the 
second syllable ; but when altered to Proserpine, it transfers 
the accent to the first. The same may be observed of Ho- 
merits, Virgilius, Horatius, &c, when Anglicized to Homer 
Virgil, Horace, &c. See the word Academy, in the Criticai 
Pronouncing Dictionary. 

29. As it is not very easy, therefore, so it is not necessary 
to decide where doctors disagree. When reasons lie deep 
in Greek and Latin etymology, the current pronunciation 
will be followed, let the learned do all they can to hinder it. 
Thus, after Hyperion has been accented by our best poets 
according to our own analogy, with the accent on the ante- 
penultimate, as Shakspeare : 

" Hyperion's curls, the front of Jove himself." — Hamlet 
" that was to this 

Hypdrion to a Satyr." — Ibid. 
" next day after dawn, 

Doth rise and help Hypefrion to his horse." — Henry Vth. 

So Cooke, in his translation of Hesiod's Theogony, followa- 
the accentuation of Shakspeare : 

Hyperion and Japhet, brothers, join : 
Thea and Rhea of this ancient line 
Descend ; and Themis boasts the source divine. 
The fruits of Thia and Hyperion rise, 
And with refulgent lustre light the skies. 
After this established pronunciation, I say, how hopeiess, as 
well as useless, would it be to attempt the penultimate ac 
centuation, which yet ought undoubtedly to be preserved in 
.reading or speaking Greek or Latin compositions ; but, in 
reading or speaking English, must be left to those who would 
rather appear learned than judicious. J But Acrion, Arion, 
Amphion, Echion, Orion, Ixion, Pandion, Asion, Alphion, 
jErion, Ophion, Methion, Axion, Eion, Thlexion, and Sandion 
preserve their penultimate accent invariably ; while Etha- 

* Not according to the above method. — Trollope. 

t There is no "doubt, as before observed, that the Latins- 
made a difference in this respect. In dissyllables the analo 
gy of the English language will admit of this less readily 
than in polysyllables ; but still an accelerated pronunciation 
may be employed to mark the distinction. — Trollope. 

\ Shakspeare's deviation from classical authority, in one 
word, does not invalidate the general propriety of classical 
pronunciation. The penultima of Hyperion (Y-tpiwv) is long 
in Horn., II., t. 398, and Shakspeare evidently sacrificed quan- 
tity to the harmony of his versification. The sanction of art 
English poet will scarcely justify the translator of Hesiod in 
following his irregularities. The word Ethalion u not i* 
point — Trollope 



2 RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



Aon, a word of the same form and origin, is pronounced 
with the accent on the antepenultimate, like Deucalion and 
Pygmalion ; and this, if I mistake not, is the common pro- 
nunciation of a ship in the British navy, so called from the 
name of the Argonauts, who accompanied Jason on his ex- 
pedition to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece. 

30. The same difficulty of deciding between common 
usage and classical propriety appears in words ending in ia, 
as Alexandria, Antiochia, Seleucia, Samaria, Iphigenia* and 
peveral others, which were pronounced by our ancestors, 
as appears from their poetry, according to our own analogy, 
with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable ; and there 
is no doubt but every word of this form would have fallen 
into the same accentuation, if classical criticism had not 
stepped in and prevented it. A philosophical grammarian 
would be apt to think we are not much obliged to scholars 
for this interruption of the vernacular current of pronuncia- 
tion ; but, as there is so plausible a plea as that of reducing 
words to their original languages, and as a knowledge ot 
these languages will always be an honorable distinction 
among men, it is strongly to be suspected that these words 
will not long continue in their plain, homespun, English 
dress. This critical correction, however, seems to have 
come too late for some words, which, as Pope expresses it, 
have " slid into verse," and taken possession of our ears, and 
therefore, perhaps, the best way of disposing of them will 
be to consider them as the ancients did the quantity of cer- 
tain doubtful syllables, and to pronounce them either way. 
Some, however, seem always to have preserved the accent 
of their original language, as Thalia and Sophia ; but Iphi- 
genia, Antiochia, Seleucia, and Samaria have generally yield- 
ed to the English antepenultimate accent, and Erythia, Dei- 
damia, Laodamia, Hippodamia, Apamia, Ilithyia, and Orithyia, 
from their seldom appearing in mere English composition, 
have not often been drawn aside into plain English pronun- 
ciation. The same may be observed of words ending in 
nicus or nice: if they are compounded of the Greek viktj, the 
penultimate syllable is always long, and must have the ac- 
cent, as Stratonicus, Berenice, &c. ; if this termination be 



* These words are written in Greek with the diphthong 
ti ; but in Latin the penultima may be considered common, as 
that in Academia, which is spelled with u in Greek, but made 
short by Juvenal. In English, therefore, it would be the 
worst of affectation to accent them otherwise than long-es- 
tablished usage warrants. A characteristic anecdote is re- 
lated of the late eccentric Dr. Parr, in reference to the mod- 
ern pronunciation of them. Being one day consulted by an 
amiable professor as to the propriety of accenting the pe- 
nultima of the word Alexandria, he surprised him with the 
following satisfactory admonition : I must call it Alexandria ; 
but I would advise you to call it Alexandria. — Trollopc. 



what is called a gentile, signifying a man by his country, the 
penultimate is short, and the accent is on the antepenulti- 
mate, as Macedonicus, Sardonicus, Britannicus, &c. See An- 
dkonicus. 

31. Thus we see many of these proper names are of du- 
bious accentuation ; and the authorities which may be pro- 
duced on both sides sufficiently show us the inutility of crit- 
icising beyond a certain point. It is in these as in many 
English words : there are some which, if mispronounced, 
immediately show a want of education ; and there are oth 
ers which, though not pronounced in the most erudite man 
ner, stamp no imputation of ignorance or illiteracy. To have 
a general knowledge, therefore, of the pronunciation of these 
words, seems absolutely necessary for those who would ap 
pear respectable in the more respectable part of society 
Perhaps no people on earth are so correct in their accentu 
ation of proper names as the learned among the English 
The Port Royal Grammar informs us that, " notvvithstandinp 
all the rules that can be given, we are often under the ne 
cessity of submitting to custom, and of accommodating our 
pronunciation to what is received among the learned, ac 
cording to the country we are in." " So we pronounce," 
says the grammarian, " Aristo'bulus* Basi'lius, Ido'lium, with 
the accent on the antepenultimate, though the penultimate is 
long, because it is the custom ; and, on the contrary, we pro- 
nounce Andre'as, ide'a, Maria, &c, with the accent on the 
penultimate, though it is short, because it is the custom of 
the most learned. The Italians," continues he, " place the 
accent on the penultimate of antonomasi'a, harmoni'a, philot- 
ophi'a, thcologi'a, and similar words, according to the Greek 
accent, because, as Fdcciolius observes, it is the custom oi 
their country. Alvarez and Gretser think we ought alwayr 
to pronounce them in this manner, though the custom not 
only of Germany and Spain, but of all France, is against it ; 
but Nebrissensis authorizes this last pronunciation, and say* 
that it is better to place the accent of these vowels on th<? 
antepenultimate syllable, which shows," concludes the gram 
marian, " that when we once depart from the ancient rules, 
we have but little certainty in practice, which is so differen. 
in different countries." 

But however uncertain and desultory the accentuation of 
many words may be, it is a great satisfaction to a speaker tc 
know that they are so. There is a wide difference betweei 
pronouncing words of this kind ignorantly and knowingly 
A person who knows that scholars themselves differ in tha 
pronunciation of these words can always pronounce with 
security ; but one who is unacquainted with the state of the 
accent is not sure that he is right when he really is so, and 
always pronounces at his peril. 



* Our author properly accents Aristobu'lus ; but the erroi 
of the grammarian does not affect the argument. — Trollope. 



%* It is hoped the candid peruser of this work will make 
allowances for an occasional error in dividing a syllable or 
placing an accent, when he reflects on the difficulty with 
which such a work must necessarily be attended. The au- 



thor flatters himself, however, that such attention has beer 
paid both to the compilation and the proofs, that the fewest 
errors imaginable have escaped him. 



PRONUNCIATION 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



INITIAL VOCABULARY. 



The figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules pre- 
fixed to the work. Thus, the figure 3 after Ached refers to 
Rule the 3d for the pronunciation of the final i ; and the fig- 
ure 4 after Abii refers to Rule the 4th for the pronunciation 
of the unaccented i, not final ; and so of the rest. 

When the letters Eng. are put after a word, it is to show 
that this word is the preceding word Anglicized. Thus, 



Lu'can, Eng., is the Latin word Lucanus. changed into the 
English word Lucan. 

The words to which an * is prefixed are introduced from 
Carr's Classical Pronunciation of Proper Names. 

The words to which a t is prefixed are those which 
were added by Trollope, in his revised edition of Walker. 
X Words from Freund , P. from Pauly. 



AB 
A'BA and A'bae 1 
Ab'a-a 
Ab'a-ba 

* A-bac'e-na 
Ab-a-ce'ne 8 
t A-ba3'a 
Ab'a-ga 

* A-bag'a-rus 
fAb'a-la 
Ab'a-lus 20 
A-ba'na2 7 
A-ban'tes 
Ab-an-ti'a-des 1 
A-ban'ti-as 10 
A-ban'ti-das 4 
A-ban'tis 
Ab-ar-ba're-a 7 
Ab'a-ri 3 
A-barl-mon 4 
Ab'a-ris 7 
A-ba'rus 1 
AT)as 1 
A-ba'6a 1 7 

* Ab'a'-sa 
Ab-a-si'tis 7 1 
Ab-as-se'na 1 7 
Ab-as-se'ni 
A-bas'sus 7 
Ab'a-tos 7 
Ab-da-lon'i-mus 4 
Ab-de'ra 1 7 
Ab-de'ri-a 14 7 
Ab-de-ri'tes 1 
Ab-de'rus 1 
A-be-a'tae 7 15 

* Ab-e-a'taB 
A-bella 7 

\ Ab-el-la'ni 
( Ab-el-li'num 
A.b-el-li'nus 

* A-belus 
fAb'e-lux 
A-ben'da 7 

* Ab-es-salon 
Ab'ga-rus or A-bag'£ 
A'bi-a 14 7 

Abi-i 4 
Ab'i-la 4 7 
A-bis'a-res 7 
A.-bis'a-ris 7 
Ab-i-son'tes 4 

* A-ble'rus 
i-ble'tes 1 

Ab'no-ba 

* Ab'no-bi 



AC 
A-bob'ri-ca 4 
A-bo'bus 
A-bcec'ri-tus 4 
Ab-o-la'ni 3 
A-bolus 7 1 
A-bon-i-tei'chos 5 
Ab-o-ra'ca 1 7 

* Ab'o-ras 
Ab-o-rigl-nes 4 
A-bor'ras 7 

* Ab'o-tis 
Ab-ra-da'tas 
Ab-ra-da'tes 

* A-braTia-mus 
A-bren'ti-us 10 
A-broc'o-mas 
Ab-ro-di-as'tus 4 
t AlDron 
A-broni-us 4 
A-bron'y-cus 6 
Ab'ro-ta 7 
A-brofo-num 
tA'brus 
A-bryp'o-lis 6 
Ab-se'us 
Ab-sin'thi-i 4 
Ab'so-rus 

t Ab-syr'ti-des 
Ab-syr'tos 6 
Ab-syr'tus 6 

* Ab'u-la 
Ab-u-li'tes 1 
t A'bus 
Ab-y-de'ni 6 
Ab-y-de'nus 6 
A-by'di 6 
A-by'dos 6 
A-by'dus 
Ab'y-la 6 
Ab'y-lon 6 
Ab-ys-si'ni 1 
Ab-ys-sin'i-a 6 
Ac-a-callis 7 
Ac-a-ce'si-um 10 
A-ca'ci-us 10 

t Ac'a-cus 
Ac-a-de'mi-a 7 
Ac-a-de'mus 

* A-csen'i-tus 
Ac-a-lan'drus 
A-calle 8 
A-ca-mar'chis 7 
Ac'a-mas 7 
A-camp'sis 7 
A-can'tha 7 



AC 

* A-can'thi-ne 
A-can'thus 7 
Ac'a-ra 7 
A-ca'ri-a 7 

* Ac-ar-na'nes 
Ac-ar-na'ni-a 7 
A-car'nas 7 
A-cas'ta 7 
A-cas'tus 7 
Ac-a-than'tus 7 

* Ac'a-ton 
fAc'ca Lau-ren'ti-; 
Ac'ci-a 10 7 
Ac'ci-la 7 
Ac'ci-us 10 

t Ac'co 
Ac'cu-a 7 
A'ce 7 

Ac-e-di'ci 3 24 
Ac'e-la 

* Ac'e-le 
tAc'e-lum 24 

* A-ceph'a-li 
Ac-e-ra'tus 27 
A-cerTms 
Ac-e-ri'na 1 
A-cer'raa 4 
Ac-er-sec'o-mes 
A'ces 7 
A-ce'si-a 10 
Ac-e-si'nes 1 
Ac-e-si'nus 1 
A-ce'si-us 10 
A-ces'ta 7 
A-ces'tes 
A-ces'ti-um 10 
Ac-es-to-do'rus 
A-ces-torl-des 
A-ce'tes 

Ach-a-by'tos3 12 
A-chas'a 7 
A-chae'i 3 
A-chas'i-um 
A-chsem'e-nes 
Ach-83-me'ni-a 
Ach-se-men'i-des 
A-chse'us 
A-cha'i-a 7 

* A-cha'is 
Ach'a-ra 7 
Ach-a-ren'ses 
A-char'naa 4 
A-cha'tes 
Ach-e-lo'i-des 4 
Ach-e-lo'ri-um 



AC 
Ach-e-lo'us 

* A-chelus 

* A-che'ras 
A-cher'dus 
A-chert-mi 3 4 

* Ach'e-ro 
Ach'e-ron 
Ach-e-ron'ti-a 10 
Ach-e-ru'si-a 11 
Ach-e-ru'si-as 11 
A-che'tus 

* A-chilas 
A-chillas 
Ach-il-le'a 7 
A-chil-lei-en'sea 
t Ach-il-le'is 
A-chilles 
Ach-il-le'um 
A-chilleus 

* Ach-il-li'des 
A-chi'vi 4 
Ach-la-das'us 

* Ach'o-la 
Ach-o-la'i 3 or 

t Ach-o-ali 
Ach-o-lo'e 

* A-cho're-u9 

* A-cho'rus 
Ach-ra-di'na 7 

* Ach'ra-dos 
Ac-i-cho'ri-us 
Ac-i-dali-a 8 
Ac-i-da'sa 

* A-crla 
A-cil'i-a 
Ac-i-Ug'e-na 
A-cil'i-us 
A-cilla 7 

* Ac-in-dy'nus and 

* A-cin'dy-nus 
A'cis 
Ac'mon 
Ac-mon'i-des 4 

* Ac-ce-me'taa 
A-cce'tes 

* Ac-o-ly'ti 
A-co'nas 4 

* Ac'o-na3 
A-con'tes 
A-con'te-us 
A-con'ti-us 10 

* Ac-on-tob'o-li 
A-con-to-bulus 
A-co'rie 

* Ac'o-rus 



AC 
A'cra 

Ac-ra-di'na 
A'craa 
A-craa'a 7 
A-craeph'ni-a 7 
Ac-ra-gal-h'da3 4 
Ac'ra-gas 7 
A-cra'tus 
t A'cri-ae 
A'cri-as 4 
Ac-ri-doph'a-gi 3 
A-cri'on 11 
A-cris'e-us 
Ac-ris-i-o'ne 
A-cris-i-o-ne'us 
A-cris-i-o-ni'a-de3 
tA-cris'i-us 10 
A-cri'tas 1 
Ac-ro-a'thon 

* A-cro'a-thos 

* Ac-ro-ce-rau'ni-a 
Ac-ro-ce-rau'ni-um 

* Ac-ro-ce-re'te3 

* A-croc'o-mas 
Ac-ro-co-rin'thus 

* A-cro'ma 
A'cron 1 

* A-crop'a-thos 
Ac-ro-pa'tos 
A-crop'o-lis 

* Ac-ro-re'a 

* Ac-ro-re'i 
Ac'ro-ta 
A-crofa-tus 

* Ac-ro-tho'i 

* Ac-ro-tho'on 
Ac-roth'o-os 

* Ac-ro-tho'um 
Ac'ta 7 
Ac-tae'a 7 
Ac-tae'on 4 
Ac-ta3'us 4 
Ac'te 8 
Ac'ti-a 10 
Ac'tis 

Ac-tis'a-nes 
Ac'ti-um 10 
Ac'ti-us 10 
Ac'tor 
Ac-tort-des 
Ac-to'ris 

* Acf o-ris 
t A-cule-o 
A-cu'phis 
A-cu-si-la'us 



1 Aba. — Every a ending a syllable, with the accent upon 
it, is pronounced like the a in the English words fa-vor, 
la-bor, ta-per, &c. See Rule the 1st, prefixed to this Vocab- 
ulary. 

2 Abana. — Every unaccented a, whether initial, medial, or 
final, ending a syllable, has an obscure sound, bordering on 



the a in father. See Rule the 7th, prefixed to this Vocabu- 
lary. 

3 Achabytos.—Ch, in this and all the subsequent words, 
have the sound of k. Thus, Achabytos, Achma, Achates, &c, 
are pronounced as if written Akabytcs, Akaa, Akates. &e 
See Rule the 12th. 



14 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



A-cu'ti-cus 

* A-cy'rus 

* Ac'y-tus 
Ada 7 
A-dae'us 

Ad-a-man-taB'a 7 
Ad'a-mas 
Ad-a-mas'tus 

* A-da'mus 
Ad'a-na 

A-das'pi-i 4 

Ad'a-tha 

Ad-de-pha'gi-a 

Ad'du-a 7 

A-del'phi-us 

A-de'mon 

* A-deph'a-gus 
A'des or Ha'des 
Ad-gan-des'tri-ua 
Ad-herbal 
Ad-herTjas 

■ A-di-a-be'ne 

A-di-an'te 8 

A-di-afo-rftc 

Ad-i-man'tus 

Ad-i-me'te 

Ad-me'ta 7 

Ad-me'tus 

* A-do'ne-us oi 

* Ad-o-ne'us 
A-do'ni-a 
A-don'i-cus 
A-do'nis 

Ad-ra-myfti-um 
A-dra'na 7 1 

* A-dra'ne 
A-dra'num 
4-dras'ta 
Adras'ti-a or 

t Ad-ras-ti'a 

* Ad-ras-ti'i Cam'pi 

* Ad-ras-ti'ne 
A-dras'tus 

* A-dre'ne 
A'dri-a 23 
A-dri-an-op'o-lis 
A-dri-a'num 
A-dri-a'nus 
A'dri-an (Eng.) 
A-dri-afi-cum 
Ad-ri-me'tum 
Ad-u-atfi-ci 4 

* A-du'la 

* A-dulas 

* A-dulis 

* Ad-u-li'ton 
A-dyr-ma-chi'da3 or 

* Ad-yr-mach'i-ds9 
M-b> 7 

jE-a-ce'a 

jE-ac'i-das 

J5-ac'i-des 

* iE-a-ci'um 
yE'a-cus 
M'ee 
JE-ss'a. 
^E-a-me'ne 
iE-an-te'um 
iE-an'ti-des 
iE-an'tis 
.<E'as 
iE'a-tus 
iEch-mac'o-ras 
jEch'mis 
iE-dep'sum 



M 

jE-des'sa 
iE-dic'u-la 

* iEdl-la 

iE-di'les 8 

* jE-dilis 

* Mdile (Eng.) 

* jEd'i-lus 
jE-dip'sus 
jE'don 

* A-e-do'nis 
.<Ed'u-i or Hed'u-i 
jE-ello or A-el'lo 
iE-e'ta or t iE-e'tes 
jE-e'ti-as 10 
iE'ga 

M'g& 

^E-gse'se 

iE-gae'on 

iE-gse'um 

iE-gse'us 

iE-gale-os 

iE-gale-um 

jE'gan 

iE'gas 5 

jE-ga'tes 

iE-ge'as or * JE'ge-as 

M-gele-on 

* M-geli 
jE-ge'ri-a 
iE-ges'ta 
iE-ge'us 
iE-gi'a-le 
iE-gi-ale-us 22 
jE-gi-ali-a 22 4 
iE-gi'a-lus 

* iEgic'o-res 
iE-gi'des 

^E-gila or *iEg'i-la 
iE-gil'i-a 

* iEg'i-lips 
iE-gim'i-ua 
iEg-i-mo'rus or 

* iE-gim'o-rua 

* ^E-gim'u-rus 
iE-gi'na 
iEg-i-ne'ta 
iEg-i-ne'tea 
jE-gi'o-chus 

* jE'gi-on 

iE-gi'pan of * iEgl-pan 

* jEg-i-pa'nes 
^E-gi'ra 
iE-gir-o-es'sa 
iE'gis 2 
iE-gis'thus 
iE-gi'tum 
iE'gi-um 
Mgle 
JEg^es 
Mg-le'tes 
iEglo-ge 
iE-gob'o-lua 
iE-goc'e-ros 
iE'gon 

iE-go ne 

iEg-o-ne'a 

jE-go'nes 
iEg-o-sa'gaa 
jEg-os-pofa-moa 
iE-gos'the-na 
^E'gus 
iE'gy 6 
' jEg'y-la 
^g-y-pa'ne3 
iE-gyp'sus 



M 
t jE-gyp'ta 
jE-gyp'ti-i 4 10 
iE-gyp'ti-um 10 
jE-gyp'tus 
^Eli-a 
iE-li-a'nus 
JE'li-an (Eng.) 

* iEl'i-nos 
iEOi-us and jETi-a 
iE-lu'rus 

t iE-ma'thi-a 

jE-mu'i-a 

iEm-il-i-a'nus 

iE-mil'i-us 

iEm-nes'tus 

iE'mon 

iEm'o-na 

* iE-mo'na 
iE-mo'ni-a 
jE-mon'i-des 

* 2Em'o-nis 
^E'mus 
iE-myl'i-a 
iEm-yl-i-a'nus 
^E-myl'i-i 4 
^E-myl'i-us 
iE-na'ri-a 

t iE-na'si-us 

.E-ne'a or t ^E-nel-a 

iE-ne'a-daj 

iE-ne'a-des 

iE-ne'as 

iE-ne'i-a 

iE-ne'i-des 

* iE-ne-i'des 
^E-ne'is and * iE'ne-b 
iE-nes-i-de'mus 
iE-ne'si-us 10 
iE-ne'tus 

jE'ni-a 
iE-ni'a-cus 

* ^En'i-cus 

* jE-ni'dae 
jE-ni'o-chi 12 
.En-o-barTjus 22 
iEn'o-cles 
^E'nos 
^E'num 

t iE'nus 

jE-ny'ra 

^E-oli-a 

iE-oli-89 

iE-ol'i-da 

^E-ol'i-des 

iE'o-lis 

iE'o-lus 

* jE-o'nes 
jE-o'ra 
iE-pa'li-us 
iE-pe'a 
iEp'u-lo 21 
iE'py 6 
iEp'y-tus 
iE-qua'na 7 
jE'qui 3 
2E-quic'o-li 
iEq-ui-meli-um 
iE'ri-as 
jEr'o-pe 

* A-er'o-pe 
iEr'o-pus 

* A-er'o-pus 

* jEs'a-cos 
^Es'a-cus 

* iE-sa'ge-a 



AG 

-ffi-sa'pus 

iE'sar or iE-sa'ras 

* iE-sa'rus and iEs'a rus 
^Es'chi-nes 22 
iEs'chi-ron 
jEs'chri-on 12 
iEs-chy-li'des 
iEs'chy-lus 21 
^Es-cu-la'pi-us 22 
^E-se pus 
iE-ser'ni-a 

^E-si'on 11 

iE'son 

iE-son'i-des 

* iEs-o-pe f us 
iE-so'pus 
JE'sop (Eng.) 
^Es'tri-a 
-(Es'u-a 

T iEs'u-la 

* iEs'u-lse 
jE-sy'e-tes 

* ^E-sy'me 

* ^Es-ym-ne'tas 
jEs-ym-ne'tes 21 
iE-sym'nus 

* iEth'a-le 
iE-thal'i-des 

* jEth-a-H'a 

* iE-thali-os 

* iE-thi'ces 

* iEtii'i-cus 
t ^E-thi'on 

* iE-thi'o-pes 
^E-thi-o'pi-a 22 
iEthli-us 
iE'thon 
iE'thra 
iE-tbu'sa 
^E'ti-a 10 

iE'ti-on 11 or E-e'ti-on 

* iE-ti-o-ne'a 

* jE-ti'tes 
iE'ti-us3 10 

* A-e'ti-us 
-■Et'na 

* jE-toli 
TE-toli-a 
^E-tolus 

* A-ex-o'ne 
A-fer 
A-fra'ni-a 
A-fra'ni-us 
Af'ri-ca 7 
Af-ri-ca'nus 
Af'ri-cum 

* Af ri-cus 

* Ag'a-bus 

* A-gacly-tns 
A-ga-gri-a'nse 
Ag-a-las'ses 
A-galla 7 

* Ag'a-me 

* Ag-a-me'de 
Ag-a-me'des 
Ag-a-mem'non 
Ag-a-mem-no'ni-ua 
Ag-a-me'tor 
A-gam'ma-tee 
Ag-am-nes'tor 

* Ag'a-mus 
Ag-a-nip'pe 

* Ag-a-nip-pe'us 
A-gan'za-ga 



AG 

* Ag'a-psB 
Ag-a-pe'nor 

* Ag-a-pe'tus 
t Agar 
Ag-a-re'ni 3 
Ag-a-ris'ta 
A-gas'i-cles 

* A-ga'so 
A-gas'sae 
A-gas'tbe-nes 
A-gas'thus 
A-gas'tro-pbus 
t Ag'a-sus 
Ag'a-tba 

Ag-ath-ar'cbi-da* 
Ag-ath-ar'chi-dea 
Ag-atb-ar'cbus 

* Ag'a-tbi Daem'o> w 

* Aga-tbi'a 
A-ga'tbi-as 

* Ag-a-tbi'nus 
Ag'a-tbo 
Ag-a-tho-cle'a 
A-gatb'o-cles 
Ag'a-thon 
Ag-a-tho-ny'mus 

* Ag-a-thon'y-mv/ 1 

* A-gatb'o-pus 
Ag-a-thos'tbe-n^s 
Ag-a-thyr'num 
Ag-a-tbyr'si 3 

t Ag-a-tby'rus 
A-gau'i 3 
A-ga've 
A-ga'vus 

* Ag-baf a-na 
Ag-des'tis 
Ag-e-e'na 

* Ag-e-la'das 
Ag-e-las'tus 
Ag-e-la'us 

* Ag-e-le'a 

* Ag'e-les 
A-gen'a-tba 
Ag-en-di'cnm ■ 
A-ge'nor 
Ag-e-nor'i-dea 
Ag-e-ri'nus 
Ag-e-san'der 
A-ge'si-as 10 

* A-ges-i-da'mx 
A-ges-i-la'us 
Ag-e-sip'o-lis 
Ag-e-sis'tra-ta 
Ag-e-sis'tra-tm? 

* A-ge'tor 

* A-ge'tus 

* Ag-ge'nus 
Ag-gram'mes 
Ag-gri'nse 

t Agg-thyllus 

Ag'i-daB 

Ag-i-la'us 

A'gis 

Ag-la'i-a 

Ag-la-o-ni'ce 

Ag-la'o-pe 

* Ag-la'o-pes 
Ag-la-o-pbge'ne 
Ag-la'o-phon 
Ag-la-os'tbe-nfs 
Ag-lau'ros 
Ag-la'us 

' Agla-us 
Ag'na 



1 JEa. — This dipbtbong is merely ocular, for the a has no 
share in the sound, though it appears in the type. Indeed, as 
"we pronounce the a, there is no middle sound between thatlet- 
ter and e, and therefore we have adopted the last vowel and 
relinquished the first. This, among other reasons, makes it 
probable that the Greeks and Romans pronounced the a as 
we do in water, and the e as we hear it in where and there ; 
the middle or mixed sound then would be bke a in father, 
which was probably the sound they gave to this diphthong. 
[In resolving the diphthong a, the old Latin poets employed 
ai, as if from the Greek ai. Thus, aulai, for aula, and the 
bke. Hence it appears that both the vowels in the diphthong 
were sounded, but the latter more faintly than the former. 
In English, of course, we can do no better than retain the 
Vernacular sound of double e.—Trollope.] 

8 Mgis. — This diphthong, though long in Greek and Latin, 



is in English pronunciation either long or short, according to 
the accent or position of it. Thus, if it immediately precedes 
the accent, as in Mgeus, or with the accent on it, before a 
single consonant, in a word of two syllables, it is long, as in 
JEgis ; before two consonants it is short, as in Mglts ; or 
before one only, if the accent be on the antepenultimate, as 
JEropus. For the exceptions to this rule, see Rule 22 ; [and 
Note. — Trollope.] 

3 Mtius. — One of the generals of Valentinian the Third, 
which, Labbe tells us, ought properly to be written Aetius, 
that is, without the diphthong. We may observe, that, aa 
this word comes from the Greek, but is Latinized, it is pro- 
nounced with the t bke sh, as if written JEshius ; but the pre- 
ceding word, Mtlon, being pure Greek, does not conform to 
this analogy. See Rule the 11th and 20th. [See, also, note 
on Rule 10.— Trollope.] 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



io 



AL 

Ag"no 

Ag-nod'i-ce 

Ag'non 

* Ag-no-ni'a 
Ag-non'i-des 

* Ag-no'tes 

* Ag-noth'e-tas 
Ag-o-nali-a and A-go'ni-: 
A-go'nes 

Ag'o-nis 

* A-go'nis 
A-go'ni-us 

* A-go'nus 

* Ag'o-ra 
Ag-o-rac'ri-tua 
Ag-o-raB'a 
Ag-o-ra'nis 
Ag-o-ran'o-mi 3 

* Ag-o-re'sus 
A'gra 1 

f A'graB-a 

A-grae'i or t A-gren ses 

Agra-gas 

A-graule 

A-grauli-a 

A-graulos 

A-grau-o-ni'tae 

A-gri-a'nes 

A-gric'o-la 

Ag-ri-gen'tum 

A-grin'i-um 

* A-gri'o-dos 
A-gri-o'ni-a 
A-gri'o-pas 
A-gri'o-pe 

* A-gri-oph'a-gi 
A-grip'pa 

* Ag-rip-pe'um 
Ag-rip-pi'na 
A-gria'o-pe 8 
A'gri-us 
Ag / ro-la3 
A'gron 
A-gro'tas 
A-grofer-a 
tA-gyi'e-us 5 
A-gyl'e-us 
A-gylla 
Ag-yl-laB'us 
A-gyrl-um and 

A-gyrl-us 
A-gyrtes 
A-g^rus 
A-hala 7 
Ai-do'ne-us 5 

* A-ila 
A-im'y-lus 
Ai'us Lo-cu'ti-us 
A'jax 
Al-a-ban'da 

t Al-a-ban di or 
t A-la-ban-den'ses 

* Al-a-ban'di-cus 
Al'a-bus 
A-lae'a 

A-lse'i 3 
A-lae'sa 
t A-Isb'sus 
A-Isb'us 
Al-a-go'ni-a 
A-lala 

Al-al-com'e-nse 
A-lalia 7 or t Al'a-lia 
Al-a-ma'nes 
Al-a-man'ni or 
Al-e-man'ni 
A-la'ni 
Al'a-res 
Al-a-ri'cus 
Al-a-ro'di-i 3 4 
A-las'tor 

* A-las'to-res 



AL 
t A-lau'daB 
t Al'a-zon 

* A-la'zon 

* Al-a-zo'nes 

t AYba Lon'ga 

ATba Syl'vi-us 

t Al-ba'ni or Al-ben'se 

Al-ba'ni-a 

Al-ba'nus 

t AlTn-a Te-ren'ti-a 

Al-bi'ci 3 4 

Al-bi-e'tee 4 

t Al-bi-gau'num 

Al-bi'ni 3 

Al-bi-no-va'nus 

Al bin-te-meli-um 

Al-bi'nu3 

Allri-on 

* Al-bi'o-nes 
t Artus 
AVbi-ua 
Al-bu-cilla 
Alt>u-la 

* Al-bu'na 
Al-bu'ne-a 
Al-bur'nus 
Al'bus Pa'gus 
Al-bu'ti-us 10 

* Al-casn'e-tus 
Al-cas'us 
Al-cam'e-nes 
Al-can'der 
Al-can'dre 
Al-ca'nor 
Al-cath'o-e 
Al-cath'o-us 
Al'ce 
Al-ce'nor 

Al-ces'te or Al-ces'tis 
Al'ce-tas 
Al'€hi-das 12 
Al-chim'a-chus 
Al-ci-bi'a-des 

Al-ci'dae 
Al-cid'a-mas 
Al-ci-da-me'a 
Al-ci-dam'i-das 
Al-cid'a-mus 

Al-ci-da'mus 
Al-ci'das 
Al-ci'des 
Al-cid'i-ce 

Al-cid'o-cua 
Al-cim'e-de 
Al-cim'e-don 
Al-cim'e-nes 

Al-cim'o-us 
Al'ci-mus 
Al-cin'o-e 
Al'ci-nor 
Al-cin'o-us 1 

Al'ci-nus 
Al-ci-o'ne-us 5 
Al'ci-phron 
Al-cip'pe 
Al-cip'pus 
Al'cis 
Al-cith'o-e 
Alc-mae'on 
Alc-mae-on'i-dae 
Alc'man 
Alc-me'na 
f Al'con 

Al'co-ne 
Al-cy'o-na 
Al-cy'o-ne 
Al-cy-o'ne-us 5 
Al-des'cus 
Al-du'a-bis 
Alc-a 1 7 
A-le'bas 
A-leTji-on 



AL 


AM 


AM 


A-lec'to 


* Al-lo-phylus 


A-mas'tris 


A-lec'tor 


Al-lofri-ges 


A-maa'trus 


A-lec'try-on 


Al-lu'ti-us 10 


A-ma'ta 


A-lec'tus 


* Al-me'ne 


Am-a-the'a 


* A-le'i 


t Al'mo 


t Am-a-thel 


A-le'i-us Cam'pus* 


t Al'mon 


Am'a-thua or 


Al-e-man'ni 


* Al-mo'pes 


* A-ma'thus 


* Al-e-ma'nu8 


* Al-my-ro'de 


A-max-am-pe'us 


A-le'mon 


A-lo'a 


* A-max-an-ti'a 


Al-e-mon'i-de8 


t A-lo'as or t A-lo'is 


A-max'i-a 


Al-e-mu'si 4 


Al-o-e'us 


A-max-i'ta 


Alens 


* A-lo'e-us 


* Am-ax-o^i-i 


Ale-on 


Al-o-i'dae or Al-o-i'des 


Am-a-ze'nea or 


* A-le'ris 


A-lo'ne or f A-lo'na 


t Maz'e-nes 


t A-le'sa or t A-loe'sa 


* A-lo'nis 


A-maz'o-nes 


A-le'se 


Al'o-pe 


Am'a-zons (Eng.) 


A-le'si-a 10 or A-lex'i-a 


* A-lop'e-ca • 


Am-a-zo'ni-a 


A-le'si-um 10 


A-lop'e-ce 


* Am-a-zon'i-cus 


* A-le'sus 


A-lop'e-ces 


Am-a-zon'i-des 


A-le'tes 


* A-lop-e-con-ne'su8 


Am-a-zo'ni-um 


A-le'thes 


A-lo'pi-us 


Am-a-zo'ni-us 


A-le'thi-a 


* A-lo'rus 


Am-bar'ri 3 


A-leti-das 


Alos 


* Am-bar-vales Hoaties 


* A-le'tis 


A-lo'ti-a 10 


Am-bar-vali-a 


t Al-e-tri-na'tes 


Al-pe'nus 


* Am-ba'tas 


A-le'tri-um 


Al'pes 


Am'be-nus 


A-le'tum 


Al-phe'a 


Am-bi-a-li'tes 


Al-eu-a'dse 


Al-phe'i-a 


Am-bi-a'num 


* A-leu'a-dae 


Al-phe'nor 


Am-bi-a-ti'num 


A-le'us 


Al-phe'nus 


* Am-bi-bar'e-ti 


* Al'e-U3 


Al-phe-si-boe'a 5 


* Am-bi'cua 


Alex 1 


Al-phe-si-bce'us 


Am-bi-ga'tus 


A-lex-a-me'nus 


Al-phe'us 


t Am-bi-o'rix or 


Al-ex-an'der 3 


Al-pbi'on 


Am-bi'o-rix 


Al-ex-an'dra 


Al'phi-us 


Am'bla-da 


Al-ex-an'dri-a or 


Al-pi'nus 


Am-bra'ci-a 10 


Al-ex-an-dri'a 4 


Al'pis 


Am-bra'ci-ua 10 


Al-ex-an'dri-des 


* Al-po'nus 


Am'bri 3 


Al-ex-an-dri'na 


Al'si-um 10 


* Am-bro'dax 


Al-ex-an-drop'o-lia 


Al'sus 


Am-bro'nes 


Al-ex-a'nor 


Al-thEe'a 


Am-bro'si-a 10 


Al-ex-ar'chua 


Al-thsem'e-nes 


Am-bro'si-us 10 


A-lex'as 


* Al-the'pus 


Amb'rose (Eng.1 


A-lex'i-a 


Al-ti'num 


Am-bry'on 


Al-ex-ic'a-cus 


Al'tis 


Am-brys'sus 


Al-ex-i'nus 


t Al'tus 


t Am-bu-ba'J£B 


A-lex'i-o 


A-lun'ti-um 10 


Am-bulli 3 


\ A-lex'i-on 


Alus or Al'u-U3 


* Am'bu-li 


Al-ex-ip'pua 


A-ly-aftes 


Am'e-lea 


Al-ex-ir'a-es 


Al'y-ba 6 


Am-e-na'nua 


Al-ex-irlio-e 


* Al-y-bi'da 


Am-e-ni'des 


A-lex'is 


Al-y-cse'a 


A-men'o-cles 


A-lex'on 


Al-y-ca3'us 


* Am-e-no'phis 


Al-fa-ter'na 


1" Al'y-mon or * A-ly'mon 


A-me'ri-a 


Al-fe'nus 


* A-ly'pus 


A-mes'tra-tus 


Al'gi-dum 


A-lys'sus 


A-mea'tria 


* Al-go'num 


Al-yx-oth'o-e 


* Am-i-a'nua 


A-li-ac'mon 


* Al-y-ze'a 


A-miclas 


A-li-ar'tum 


A-mad'o-ci 3 


Am-i-clse'us 


A-li-artus 


A-mad'o-cus 


A-mic'taa 


Al'i-cis 


Am'a-ge 


A-mi'da 3 


A-li-e'nus 21 


Am-al-thse'a 


A-mil'car 


Al'i-fae or t A-li'fa 


Am-al-the'um 


Am'i-loa 4 


Al-i-lse'i 3 4 


Am'a-na or t Am a-nus 


A-mim'o-ne or 


Al-i-men'tus 


i Am-an'dus 


A-mym o-ne 


* A-lim'e-nus 


* A-man'i-cas 


A-min'e-a or Am-min'e-8 


A-lin'dae 


A-man'tes or 


A-min'i-as 


Al-in-do'i-a 


Am-an-ti'ni 3 


A-min'i-ua 


* A-li'pha9 


A-ma'nus or t O-ma'nus 


A-min'o-clea 


* Al-i-pba'nus 


A-mar'a-cua 


Am-i-se'na 


Al-i-phe'ri-a or 


A-mar'di 3 


t Am-i-ai'a 


* Al-i-phe'ra 


A-mar'tus 


A-mis'i-as 10 


* Al-i-pbe'rus 


Am-a-rylTia 


A-mis'saa 


Al-ir-ro'thi-us 


Am-a-ryn'ce-us 5 


A-mi'aum or A-mi'sus 


* Al-i-son'ti-a 


\ Am-a-ryn-thi'a 


Am-i-ter'num 


* A-li'sum 


Am-a-ryn'thus 


Am-i-tba'on or 


Al-le'di-us 


1- Am-a-rys'i-a 


Am-y-tba'on 


Alli-a 


A'mas 


Am-malo 


Al-li-e'nos 


* Am-a-se'a 


Am-mi-a'nus 


* Al-lifsB 


Am-a-se'nus 


t Am-mo-chos'toa 


Al-lob'ro-ges 


A-ma'si-a 10 


Am'mon or Ham'mon 


Al-lob-ry'ges 


A-ma'sis 


Am-mo'ni-a 



i Alcinous. — There are no worda more frequently mispro- 
nounced, by a mere English scholar, than those of this term- 
ination. By such a one we sometimes hear Alcinous and 
Antinous pronounced in three syllables, as if written Al-ci- 
nous and An-ti-nous, rhyming with vows ; but claasical pro- 
nunciation requires that these vowels should form distinct 
eyllables. 

3 Aldus Campus. — 

Lest from this flying steed unrein'd (as once 



Bellerophon, though from a lower clime) 
Dismounted, on th' Aldan field, I fall, 
Erroneous there to wander, and forlorn. 

Milton's Par. Lost, b. vii., v. 17. 

3 Alexander. — This word is aa frequently pronounced with 
the accent on the firat aa on the third syllable. 

4 Alexandria.— The above accentuation denotea the true 
claasical pronunciation; but see note on Rule 30. — Trol 
lope. 



\6 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



AM 
Am-mo'ni-i 3 
Am-mo'ni-us 
Ara-mo'thc-a 
" Am-nem'o-nes 
Am'ni-as 
Ara-ni'sus 3 

* Am-ni'tes 
Am-ce-bse'us 5 
Am-o-me'tus 

* Am-om-phar'e-tus 
A'mor 1 
A-mor'ges 
A-mor'gos 
Am'pe-lus 
Am-pe-lu'si-a 
Am-phe'a 7 
Am-phi-a-la'us 

* Am-phi'a-lus 
Arn-phi'a-nax 

f Am-phi-a-ra'i-des 
Am-phi-a-ra'us 

* Am-phi-ar-a-e'um 
Am-phi-cle'a 
Am-phic'ra-tes 
Am-phic'ty-yn 

t Am-phic-ty'o-nes 
Am-phic-ty'ons (Eng.) 
Am-phid'a-mus 

* Am-phid'o-li 
Am-phi-dro'mi-a 
Am-phi-ge'ni-a or 

Am-phi-ge-ni'a 1 29 
Am-phil'o-chus 
Am-phil'y-tus 
Am-phim'a-chus 
Am-phim'e-don 
Ara-phLn'o-me 
Am-phin'o-mus 
Am-phi'on 28 

* Am-phip'a-gus 
Am-phip'o-les 
Am-phip'o-lis 
Am-phip'y-ros 
Am-phi-re'tus 
Am-phir'o-e 
Am'phis 

* Am-phi'sa 
Am-phis-bse'na 
Am-phis'sa 
Am-phis-se'ne 
Am-phis'sus 
Am-phis'the-nes 
Am-phis-ti'des 
Am-phis'tra-tua 

* Am-phi'sus 
Am-phitfe-a 

* Am-phi-the-a'trum 
Am-phith'e-mis 
Am-phith'o-e 
Am-phi-tri'te 8 
Am-phitYy-on 
Am-phit-ry-o-ni'a-des 
Am'phi-tus 

* Am-phi'us 
Am-phofe-rus 
Am-phry'sus 

* Am'py-cus 
Amp'sa-ga 
Amp'sa-gas 

* Am-pyc'i-des 
Am-pys'i-des 
Am'pyx 
Am-sanc'tus 
A-muTi-us 
A-my'cla 



A-my'clae 
t Am-y-clae'us 
t A-my'clas 

* Am-y-cli'des 
Am'y-cus 
Am'y-don 
Am-y-mo'ne 
A-myn'tas 
A-myn-ti-a'nus 
A-myn'tor 

* Am-y-ri'cus Cam'pus 
A-my'ris 
A-myr'i-us 
Am'y-rus 

A-mys'tis 

Am-y-tha'on 

t Am-ytha-o'ni-us 

Am'y-tis 

A-nab'a-sis 

A-nab'a-tsB 
t An-a-ce'i-a 
An'a-ces or f A-nac'tes 
An-a-char'sis 
A-na'ci-um 10 or 

* An-a-ci'um 

* An-a-cle'tus 
A-nac're-on or 

A-na'cre-on 23 
An-ac-to'ri-a or 

An-ac-to'ri-um 
A-nac'to-rum 
An-ac-to'ri-e 
An-a-dy-om'e-ne 2 
A-nag'ni-a 
An-a-gy-ron'tum 

* A-nag'y-rus 
An-a-i'tis 

t An-a-ni'as 
An'a-phe 
An-a-phlys'tus 
t A-na'pi-us 
A-na'pus 

* A-nar'gy-ri 
A-nar'tes 
A'nas 1 

* A-nath'e-ma 
A-nafo-le 
A-nau'chi-das 12 
A-nau'rua 
A-nau'sis 
A'nax 1 
An-ax-ag'o-ras 
An-ax-an'der 
An-ax-an'dri-des 
An-ax-ar'chus 12 
An-ax-ar'e-te 
An-ax-e'nor 
A-nax'i-as 10 
An-ax-ib'i-a 
An-ax-ic'ra-tes 
An-ax-id'a-mus or 

A-nax-i-da'mus 
A-nax'i-las or 

A-nax-i-la'ua 
An-ax-iTi-des 
A-nax-i-man'der 
An-ax-im'e-nes 
An-ax-ip'o-lis 
An-ax-ip'pus 
An-ax-ir'rho-e 
A-nax'is 
A-nax'o 
An-cae'us 
An-ca-li'tes 
An-ca'ri-us 



AN 

* An-cha'res 
An-cha'ri-a 7 
An-cha'ri-us 

* An-cha'tes 
An-chem'o-lus 
An-che-si'tes 
An-ches'mus 
An-cbi'a-la or 

An-chi'a-le 

* An-chi-a-li'a 
An-chi'a-lus 
An-chi-mo1i-us 
An-chin'o-e 

t An-chi'sa 

t An-chi'se 

An-cbi'ses 

An-cbis'i-a 11 

An-chi-si'a-des 

An'cho-e 

f Anch'o-ra 

An-chu'rus 

An-cile 

An'con or An-co'na 

An'cus Mar'ti-us 

An-cyle 

t An-cy'ra 

An-cy'rae 

* An-cy'ron 
An'da 

* An-dab'a-lis 
An-dab'a-tae 

* An-da'na 
An-da'ni-a 
An-de-ca'vi-a 

* An-de-ga'vum 

* An-de'ra 
An'des or 

t An-de-ca'o-nes 
An-doc'i-des 
An-dom'a-tis 
An-drae'mon 
An-dra-ga'thi-us 
An-drag'a-thus 
An-drag'o-ras 
An-dram'y-les 
An-dre'as 

An'di-e-as 
An'drew (Eng.) 
■*■ An'dre-us 

An-dre'mon 
An'dri-a 
An'dri-clus 
An'dri-on 
An-dris'cus 
An-drolji-us 
An-dro-cle'a 
t An-dro'cles 
An'dro-cles 
An-dro-cli'dea 
An-dro'clua 
An-dro-cy'des 
An-drod'a-mus 
t An-dro'dus 
An-dro'ge-os 
An-dro'ge-us 
An-drog^y-na? 

An-drog'y-nus 
An-drom'a-che 
An-dro-ma-cbi'daa 
An-drom'a-chus 
An-drom'a-das 
An-drom'e-da 

An-drom'e-de3 
An'dron 
An-dro-ni'cus 3 28 



AN 
An-droph'a-gi 3 
An-dro-pom'pus 
An'dros 

An-dros'the-nes 
An-dro'ti-on 
An-e-lon'tis 
An-e-moli-a 
An-e-mo'sa 
An-e-ras'tus 

* A-ne'tor 
An-fin'o-mus or 

t Am-p>>in'o-mu 

* An ga-n 
An-geli-a 
An-geli-on 
An'ge-lus 
An-gi'tes 

t Angli 
t An-gli'a 
An'grus 

An-gu-ifi-a 11 24 
A'ni-a 7 
An-i-ce'tus 
A-nic'i-a 
A-nic'i-um 24 
A-nic'i-us Gallus 

* A-ni'gros 
An'i-grus 
A'ni-o, A'ni-en 

* An'i-sus 
An-i-tor'gis 
A'ni-us 
An'na 

t An'na Com-ne'na 
An-ni-a'nus 
An'ni-bal 
An'ni-bi 
An-nic'e-ris 24 

* An-ni-cho'ri 

t An'ni-us Scap'u-la 

* A-nolus 
An'non or Han'no 

* An'o-nus 
An-o-pae'a 
An'ser 
An-si-ba'ri-a 
An-tae'a 
An-taa'as 

t An-toe-op'o-lis 

An-tse'us 

An-tag'o-ras 

An-tal'ci-das 

An-tan'der 

An-tan'dros 

* An-te'a 
An-tei'us 
An-tem'na 
An-te'nor 
An-te-nor'i-des 
An-ter-bro'gi-U3 
An'te-ros 

* An'te-rus 
An-the'a 
An'the-as or 

t An-the'a3 
An-tbe'don 
An-thela 
An'tbe-mis 
An'the-mon 
An'the-mus 
An-the-mu'si-a 10 
An-the'ne 
An-tber'mus 

* An-the'rus 
An'tbes 



AN 
An-tbes-pho'ri-a 
An-thes-te'ri-a 
An-the'us 
An-thi'a 
An-thi'as or 
* An'thi-as 

* An'tbi-na3 
An'tbi-um 
An'thi-us 
An'tho 
An-tho'res 
An-thra'ci-a 10 
An-thro-pi'nus 

* An-thro-po-raor-pbi't 
An-thro-pophVgi 
An-thylla 
An-ti-a-ni'ra 
An'ti-as 10 

* An-ti-bac-chi'us 
* | An-tic'a-nis 

* An-tic'a-to 

* An-tich'tho-nes 

* An-tic-i-nolis 
An-ti-cle'a 
An'ti-cles 
An-ti-cli'des 
An-tic'ra-gufl 
An-tic'ra-tes 
An-tic'y-ra 
An-tid'o-mus 
An-tid'o-tus 
An-tig'e-nes 
An-ti-gen'i-das 

* An-ti-ge-ni das 
An-tig'o-na 
An-tig'o-ne 
An-ti-go'ni-a or f-ne'a 

* An-ti-go-ni'a 
An-tig'o-nus 
An-til'co 
An-ti-Ub'a-nus 
An-til'o-chus 
An-tim'a-cbus 
An-tim'e-nes 

t An-tin'o-e 

* An-tin-o-e'e 
An-ti-no3'i-a 5 
An-ti-nop'o-lis 
An-tin'o-us 
An-ti-o'cbi-a or 

An-ti-o-cbi'a A 29 
An'ti-och (Eng.) 
An-ti'o-chis 
An-ti'o-cbus 

* An-ti'o-pa 
An-ti'o-pe 8 
An-ti-o'rus 

t An-ti-pa'ros 

* An-tip'a-ros 
An-tip'a-ter 
An-ti-pa'tri-a 

* An-ti-pa-tri'a 
An-ti-pat'ri-das 
An-tip'a-tris 
An-tiph'a-nes 
An-tiph'a-tes 
An-tiph'i-lu3 
An'ti-pbon 
An-tipb'o-nus 
An'ti-phus 

An-tip'o-de3 
An-ti-pce'nus 
An-tip'o-Us 

An-tir'rhi-um 

An-tir'rbo-dos 



1 Amphigenia. — See Iphigenia, and Rule 30, prefixed to 
this Vocabulary. 

2 Anadyomene. — This epithet, from the Greek dvaSvw, 
emergens, signifying rising out of the water, is applied to the 
picture of Venus rising out of the sea, as originally painted 
by Apelles. I doubt not that some, who only hear this word, 
without seeing it written, suppose it to mean Anno Domini, 
the year of our Lord. 

3 Andronicus. — This word is uniformly pronounced by 
our prosodists with the penultimate accent ; and yet, so 
averse is an English ear to placing the accent on the penult- 
imate i, that by all English scholars we hear it placed upon 
the antepenultimate syllable. That this was the pronuncia- 
tion of the word in Queen Elizabeth's time, appears plainly 
from the tragedy of Titus Andronicus, said to be written by 
Shakspeare, in which we every where find the antepenult- 



imate pronunciation adopted. It may, indeed, be questioned 
whether Shakspeare's learning extended to a knowledge of 
the quantity of this Grasco-Latin word ; but, as Mr. Stevens 
has justly observed, there is a greater number of classical 
allusions in this play than are scattered over all the rest oi 
the performances on which the seal of Shakspeare is indu- 
bitably fixed; and therefore it may be presumed that the 
author could not be ignorant of the Greek and Latin pro 
nunciation of this word, but followed the received English 
pronunciation of his time ; and which, by all but professed 
scholars, is still continued. — See Sophronicus. [The anal 
ogy of the language, with which Shakspeare's authority can 
have nothing to do, is decisive in favor of the penultimate 
accentuation. — Trollope.] 

4 Antiochia.— For words of this termination, see Iphigenia 
and No. 30 of the Rules prefixed to this Vocabulary. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES, 



17 



AP 

An-tie'sa 

An-tie'the-nes 

An-tis'ti-us 

An-tith'e-us 

An'ti-um 10 

An-tom'e-nes 

An-to'ni-a 

An-to'ni-i 3 4 

An-to-ni'na 

An-to-ni'nus 

An-to-ni-op'o-lis 

An-to'ni-us 

An-torl-des 

A-nu'bia 

An'xi-us 

An'xur 

* Anx'u-rus 
An'y-ta 
An'y-tus 
An-za'be 8 

\ A-ob'ri-ca or 
t A-bob'ri-ca 
A-olli-us 
A'on 
A'o-nes 
t A-o'ni-a 
f A-on'i-des 
A-o'ris 

A-or'nos or t A-or'nia 
f A-or'si 

* A-o'rus 
A-o'ti 

* A-o'us 
A-pa'i-tas 
A-pa'nia 7 
A-pa'me 8 
Ap-a-me'a or Ap-a-mi'a 

* Ap-a-me'ne 

* A-pa'mi-a 
A-par'ni 
Ap-a-tu'ri-a 
A-pe-au'ros 

* A-pe-li-o'tes 
A-pella 
A-pelles 

* Ap-el-le'ua 
A-pelli-con 
Ap-en-ni'nua 
A'per 

* Ap-e-ran-ti'a 
Ap-e-ro'pi-a 
ap'e-sus, t Ap'e-sas, or 

t Ap'e-san-tes 
Aph'a-ca 

* Aph'a-ce 
A-phse'a 
A'phar 
Aph-a-re'tug 
Aph-a-re'us 

* A-pha're-ua 
A'phaa 1 
A-pheHas 
Aph'e-saa 
Aph'e-tae 

17 A-phe'tor 



Aph'i-daa 4 or * A-phi'daa 

A-phid'na 

A-phid'nua 

* Aph-ne'um 
Aph-ce-be'tua 
A-pbri'cea 1 

* Aph-ro-dia'e-us 
Aph-ro-dis'i-a 

t Aph-ro-dis'i-aa 
Aph-ro-di'aum 1 
Aph-ro-di'te or 
* Aph-ro-di'ta 
t Aph-ro-di-tx)p'o-lia 
A-phy'te 8 or t A-phy'tis 
A'pi-a 14 7 
A-pi-a'nus 
Ap-i-ca'ta 
A-pic'i-ua 24 
A-pid'a-nus 

* A-pid'o-nea 
Ap'i-na or t A'pi-nas 
A-pi'o-la or t A-pi'o-las 
A'pi-on 1 

A'pis 
A-pifi-ua 24 

* A-poc'o-pa 

* Ap-o-do'ti 
A-pol-li-na'rea 
A-pol-li-na'ris 
Ap-ol-lin'e-ua 
Ap-ol-lin'i-dea 
A-polli-nis 
A-pollo 
Ap-ol-loc'ra-tes 
A-pol-lo-do'rus 
Ap-ol-lo'ni-a 
A-pol-lo-ni'a-dea 
Ap-ol-lo'ni-a3 
Ap-ol-lon'i-de8 
Ap-ol-lo'ni-us 
Ap-ol-loph'a-nes 

* A-polly-on 
A-po-my-i'os 
A-po-ni-a'na 7 
A-po'ni-us 
Ap'o-nus 
Ap-os-tro'phi-a 
Ap-o-the-o'sis 1 
Ap-pi'a-des 
Ap-pi-a'nua 
Ap'pi-a Vi'a 
Ap'pi-i Fo'rum 
Ap'pi-us 
Ap'pu-la 

A'pri-ea or A'pri-U3 
Ap-sin'thi-i 4 
Ap'si-nus 

t Ap'sus 
Ap'te-ra 20 
Ap-u-le'i-a 
Ap-u-le'i-us 
A-puli-a 

* Ap'u-lus 
Ap-u-scid'a-mus 

* Ap'y-ri 



AR 

A-qua'ri-us 

* Aq'ui-la 
Aq-ui-la'ri-a 
Aq-ui-le'i-a or 

t Aq-ui-le'gi-a 
A-quil'i-us 
A-quilli-a 
Aq'ui-lo 
4.q-ui-lo'ni-a 

A-qui'nas 
*.. ^uin'i-us 
A-qui'num 
Aq-ui-ta'ni-a 

* Aq-ui-tan'i-cus 

* Aq'ui-tes 
A'ra 17 
Ar-a-bar'ches 

* Ar'a-bes 
A-ra'bi-a 
A-rab'i-cus 
Ar'a-bis or ArTjis 
A'rabs or Ar'a-bus 
A-rac'ca or A-rec'ca 
A-rach'ne 

* Ar-ach-ne'a 
Ar-a-cho'si-a 
Ar-a-cho'tae or Ar-a-cho'ti 
A-rac'tbi-as 
Ar-a-cillum 
Ar-a-co'si-i 4 
Ar-a-cyn'thua 4 
Ar'a-dus 

A'rae 17 

* Ar-a-pbi'a 
A'rar 17 

* Ar'a-ris 
Ar'a-rua 

* Ar-a-te'ua 
Ar-a-thyr'e-a 
A-ra'tua 

* A-rau'ri-cus 

* A-ra'vus 

* Ar-ax-e'nus 
A-rax'es 

Ar-ba'cea or Artia-ces 2 
Ar-bela or Arlae-la 3 

* Ar-belus 
Alibis 
Ar-bo-cala 

* Ar-bo'na 
Ar-bus'cu-la 

* Ar'ca-des 
Ar-ca'di-a 
Ar-ca'di-us 
Ar-ca'num 
Ar'caa 

t Ar'ce 

Ar'ce-na 

Ar'cena 

* Ar-cea'i-las 
Ar-ces-i-la'ua 
Ar-ce'si-ua 10 
Ar-chae'a 
Ar-chae'a-nax 
Ar-chse-at'i-daa 



AR 

Ar-ckag'a-tb.ua 
Ar-chan'der 
Ar-cban'dros 
A^che 12 

* Ar-cbed'i-cua 
Ar-cheg'e-tea 24 
Ar-che-la'us 
Ar-chem'a-chus 
Ar-chem'o-rus or 

O-phel'tes 
Ar-chep'o-lis 
Ar-chep-tol'e-mus 
Ar-ches'tra-tus 
Ar-che-ti'mus 
Ar-che'ti-u8 10 
Ar'chi-a 
Ar'chi-aa 
Ar-chi-bi'a-dea 4 
Ar-chib'i-us 

* Ar-chid'a-mas 
Ar-chi-da'mi-a 29 

* Ar-chi-da-mi'a 
Ar-cbi-da'mu3 or 

Ar-chid'a-mus 4 
Ar'chi-das 
Ar-chi-de'mua 
Ar-chi-de'ua 
Ar-chid'i-um 
Ar-chi-gallu3 
Ar-chig^e-nea 
Ar-chil'o-cbua 
Ar-cbi-me'des 
Ar-chi'nus 
Ar-ehi-pel'a-gus 
Ar-ehip'o-lis 
Ar-ehip'pe 
Ar-ehip'pus 
Ar-ehi'tis 
Ar'chon 
Ar-chon'tes 
Ar'chons (Eng.) 
Ar'chy-lus 6 
Ar-chy'tas 
t Ar-cif e-nes 
Arc-ti'nus 
Arc-toph'y-lax 
Arc'tos 
Arc-to'us 
Arc-tu'ms 
Ar'da-lus 
Ar-da'ni-a 
Ar-dax-a'nue 
Ar'de-a 
Ar-de-a'tes 
Ar-de-ric'ca 
Ar-di-ae'i 4 
Ar-dis'cus 

* Ar'do-ne 
Ar-do'ne-a 
t Ar-du'a 
Ar-du-en'na 
Ar-du-i'ne 
Ar-dy-en'sea 
Ar'dys 
A're 



AR 

A-re'a 

A-re-ac'i-daj 

A-re'as 

* A-re'gon 
A-reg'o-nis 

* Ar'e-las 
Ar-e-la'tum 

* Ar-e-la'tus 
A-relli-ua 
Ar-e-mor'i-ca 

t A-re'na or f A :e'm 

* A-re'ne 
A-ren'a-cum 
A-re-o-pa-gi'taa 
A-re-op'a-gus* 

* A-re'oa 
t A'rea 
A-res'tse 
A-res'tha-nas 
A-rea'tor 
Ar-es-torf-des 
Ar'e-ta 
Ar-e-tae'us 
Ar-e-tales 
Ar-e-taph'i-la 

* Ar'e-tas 
A-re'te 

* Ar'e-te 
A-re'tes 

* Ar'e-thon 
Ar-e-tbu'sa 
t Ar-e-ti'ni 
Ar-e-ti'num 
Ar'e-tus 

t A-re'tus 
A're-U8 
Ar-gae'us 
Ar'ga-lus 

* Ar-gan-tho'na 

* Ar-gan-tho-ni'um 
Ar-gath'o-na 
Ar-ga-tho'ni-us 
Ar-ge 3 

Ar-ge'a 

Ar-ge-a'thee 

Ar-gen'num 

Ar'ges 

Ar-ges'tra-tus 

Ar-ge'us 

Ar-gi 9 3 

Ar-gfa 

Ar'gi-as 

Ar-gi-le'tuin 

Ar-gil'i-us 

Ar-gil'lus 

Ar'gi-lus 

* Ar-gi'nus 
Ar-gi-nu'sas 
Ar-gi'o-pe 
Ar-gi-phon'tes 
Ar-gip'pe-i 3 

* Ar-gith'e-a 
Ar-gi'va 
Ar-gi'vi 6 3 
A/gives (Eng.) 



1 Apotheosis. — When we are reading Latin or Greek, this 
word ought to have the accent on the penultimate syllable ; 
but in pronouncing English we should accent the antepenult- 
imate: 

Allots the prince of his celestial line 
An Apotheosis, and rites divine. — Garth. 

[The Greek word is anodiuois. If the true pronunciation 
*rere retained, the word would necessarily be excluded from 
ICnglish poetry. But this is no reason that an almost solitary 
instance of poetic license should be a rule in reading prose. 
— Trollope.] 

2 Arbaces. — Lempriere, Gouldman, Gesner, and Littleton 
accent this word on the first syllable, but Ainsworth and 
Holyoke on the second ; and this is so much more agreeable 
to an English ear that I should prefer it, though I have, out 
of respect to authorities, inserted the other, that the reader 
may choose which he pleases. Labbe has not got this word. 
[See Arsaces. — Trollope.] 

3 Arbela. — Arbcla, the city of Assyria, where the decisive 
battle was fought between Alexander and Darius, and the 
city in Palestine of that name, have the accent on the penult- 
imate ; but Arbela, a town in Sicily, has the accent on the 
antepenultimate syllable. 

* Archidamus. — Ainsworth, Gouldman, Littleton, and Hol- 
voke place the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of 
4E 



this word ; but Lempriere and Labbe on the penultimate 
I have followed Lempriere and Labbe, though, in my opin 
ion, wrong; for, as every word of this termination has the 
antepenultimate accent, as Polydamas, Theodamas, &c, J 
know not why this should be ditferent : though Labbe telli- 
us that the learned are of his opinion. 

5 Areopagus. — Labbe tells us that the penultimate syllable 
of this word is, beyond all controversy, short— quidquid non 
nulli in tantd luce etiamnum cacutiant. Some of these blind 
men are Gouldman, Holyoke, and Littleton ; but Lempriert 
and Ainsworth, the best authorities, agree with Labbe. [There 
is no authority for the word in full ; but, from the quantity 
of the word Trdyoi, Labbe is unquestionably correct. — Trol 
lope.] 

6 Argivi. — I have observed a strong propensity in school- 
boys to pronounce the g in these words hard, as in the En 
glish word give. This is, undoubtedly, because their mas 
ters do so ; and they will tell us that the Greek gamma 
should always be pronounced hard in words from that lan- 
guage. What, then, must we alter that long catalogue of 
names where this letter occurs, as in Genesis, genius, Diog- 
enes, Mgyptus, <fcc. I The question answers itself. [Our 
good author has a mighty antipathy to any approach toward 
the classical pronunciati m in Anglicized proper names. 
Perhaps the reasons already given for a different prejudice- 
may be thought satisfactory. Trollope.] 



18 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



AR 


AR 


AR 


AS 


AT 


*Ar-gi'vus 


A-ris-to-bulus 


Ar-sac'i-dsB 


Ar-visl-um or Ar-vi'sus 


* As-ta-ge'ni 


Artji-us 


A-ris-to-cle'a 


Ar-sam'e-nes 


A-ry-an'des 


As'ta-pa 
As'ta-pus 
As-tar'te 8 


Ar'go 


A-ris'to-cles 


Ar-sam'e-tes 


Ar'y-bas 


* Ar-go'da 
Ar-gol'i-cus 


A-ris-to-cli'des 


Ar-sam-o-sa'ta 


Ar-yp-tss'ws 


Ar-is-toc'ra-tes 


* Ar-sa-mos'a-tu 


t A-ryx'a-ta 


* As-tel'e-be 


Ar'go-lis 


Ar-is-to'cre-on 


Ar-sa'nes 


A-san'der 


As'ter 


Ar'gon 


Ar-is-toc'ri-tus 


Arsa'ni-as 


As-ba-me'a 


As-te'ri-a 


Ar-go-nau'tse 


* A-ris-to-da'ma 


Ar-se'na 


As-bes'taB or As-bys't33 


As-te'ri-on or As-teri-tu 


Ar'gos 


A-ris-to-de'mus 


Ar'ses 


As'bo-lus 


* As'te-ris 


Ar-go'us 


Ar-is-tog'e-nes 


" Ar-se'sa 


* As-bo'tus 


As-te-ro'di-a 


Ar'gus 


A-ris-to-gi'ton 
A-ris-to-la'us 


Arti-a 


* As-by'te 


As-ter-o-pas'us 


Ar-gyn'nis 


Ar-si-dse'us 


As-cal'a-phus 


As-ter'o-pe or 


\ Ar-gyn'nus 


Ar-is-tom'a-cbe 


Ar-sin'o-e 


As'ca-lon 


* As-ter-o-pa3 8 
As-te-ru'si-us 11 


Ar-gy'ra 


Ar-is-tom'a-chus 


t Ar-si'tes 


As-ca'ni-a 


Ar-gy-ras'pi-des 


A-ris-to-me'des 


Ar-ta-ba'nus 


As-ca'ni-us 


As-tin'o-me 


Ar'gy-re 


Ar-is-tom'e-nes 


t Ar-ta-ba-za'nes or 


* As'che-tus 


As-ti'o-chus 


Ar-gyrt-pa 


A-ris-to-nau'tse 


t Ar-tam'e-nes 


* As-che'um 


As'to-mi 3 


* Ar-gy-ri'pa 


A-ris-to-ni'cus 


Ar-ta-ba'zus 


As-ci'i 3 


As-trae'a 


" Ar-gy-rop'o-lis 


Ar-is-ton'i-des 


Ar'ta-bri 3 or 


As-cle'pi-a 


As-trse'us 


A'ri-a 


* Ar-is-ton'o-ua 


Ar-ta-bri'tse 


* As-cle-pi'a 


As'tu 


A-ri-ad'ne 


A-ris'to-nus 


Ar-ta-cse'as 


As-cle-pi'a-des 


As'tur 


A-ri-a3'us 


Ar-is-ton'y-mus 


Ar-ta-cse'na 


As-cle-pi-o-do'rus 


As'tu-ra 


A-ri-am'nes 


Ar-is-toph'a-nes 


Ar'ta-ce 


As-cle-pi-o-do'tus 


As'tu-res 


A-ri-a'ni or A-ri-e'ni 


A-ris-to-phi-li'des 


Ar-ta-ce'ne 


* As-cle-pi-od'o-tus 


* As-tu'ri-cus 


A-ri-an'tas 


A-ris'to-pbon 


Ar-ta'ci-a 


As-cle'pi-us 


As-ty'a-ge 


* A-ri-a-ra-the'a 


* A-ris-to-phy'li 


Ar-tas'i 3 


As-cle-ta'ri-on 


As-ty'a-ges 


A-ri-a-ra'thes 


A-ris'tor 


* Ar-ta-ge'ras 


As'clus 


As-ty'a-lus 


* A-ri-as'me-nus 


Ar-is-tort-des 


Ar-tag'e-ras or 


As-coli-a 


As-ty'a-nax 


Ar-ib-bas'us 5 


Ar-is-tofe-les 


t Ar-tag-i-certa 


As-co'ni-us Lalae-o 


* As-ty-cra-te'a 


* Art-bes 


Ar'is-to-tle (Eng.) 


Ar-ta-gertes 


As'cra 


As-ty-cra'ti-a 10 


A-ric'i-a 24 


A-ris-to-ti'mus 


Ar-ta'nes 


As'cu-lum 


As-tyd'a-mas 


Ar-i-ci'na 


Ar-is-tox'e-nus 


* Ar-ta'o-zu3 


As'dru-bal 


As-ty-da-mi'a 30 


Ar-i-dse'us 


A-ris'tus 


* Ar-ta-pa'nus 


* A'se-a 


As'ty-lus 


A-ri-e'nis 


Ar-is-tyllus 


Ar-ta-pher'nes 


A-selli-o 


As-tym-e-du sa 


* A-ri'e-tis 


A'ri-us (tbe heretic) 


Ar-ta'tus 


* A-se'us 


As-tyn'o-me 


Ar-i-gae'um 


* A-ri'us or Ar'i-as 


Ar-ta-vas'des 


A'si-a 10 11 


As-tyn'o-mi 


* Ar-ig-no'tus 


* A-ri'us 


Ar-tax'a or Ar-tax'i-as 


* A-si-ag'e-nes 


As-tyn'o-us 


A-ri'i 4 


* A-ri'i 


t Ar-tax'a-res 


A-si-afi-cus 


As-ty'o-che or 


Art-ma 


* Ar'ine-ne 


* Ar-tax-as'a-ta 


* A-si-a-ge'tes 


As-ty-o-chi'a 30 


Ar-i-mas'pi 3 


Ar'me-nes 


Ar-tax'a-ta 


A-srlas 


As-ty-pa-te'a 


Ar-i-mas'pi-as 


Ar-me'ni-a 


Ar-tax-erx'es 


* A-silus 


As-typh'nus 


Ar-i-mas'tbae 


Ar-men-ta'ri-us 


Ar-tax'i-as 


As'i-na or As'i-ne 


t As-ty'ra 


* Ar-i-ma-tbe'a 


Ar-milla-tus 


Ar-ta-yc'tes 


As-i-na'ri-a 


* As'ty-ron 


Ar-i-ma'zes 


Ar-mi-lus'tri-um 


Ar-ta-yn'ta 


As-i-na'ri-us 


As-ty'ron 


Ar'i-mi 3 


Ar-min'i-us 


Ar-ta-yn'tes 


As'i-nes 


As'y-chis 


A-rim'i-num 


Ar-mort-ca? 


* Arte-mas 


A-sin'i-us Gallus 


A-sylas 


A-rim'i-nus 


* Ar-morl-cus 


Ar-tem-ba'res 


A'si-us 11 


A-syllus 


\i--im-pb8e'i 


* Artno-zon 


Ar-tem-i-do'rus 


As-na'us 


* A-syn'cri-tus 


Art-mus 


Artie 8 


Ar'te-misa 


A-so'phis 


A-tab'u-lus 


* Art-nes 


Arni 3 


Ar-te-mia'i-a 11 


A-so'pi-a 


At-a-by'ris 


A-ri-o-bar-za'nes 


t Ar-ni-en'sis 


Ar-te-mis'i-um 


As-o-pi'a-des 


* A-tab'y-ris 


A-ri-o-man'des 


Ar-noTai-us 


Ar-te-mi'ta 3 


A-so'pis 


At-a-by-ri'te 6 


A-ri-o-mar'dus 


Artius 


Ar'te-mon 


A-so'pus 


Atfa-ce 


A-ri-o-me'des 


Ar'o-a 


t Ar-te-mo'na 


* As-pal-a-thi'a 


tAta-ces 8 


A-ri'on 28 


* Ar'o-e 


Ar-te'na 


As-pam'i-thres 


At-a-lan'ta 


A-ri-o-vis'tus 21 


Ar'o-ma 


Arth'mi-us 


As-pa-ra'gi-um 


* At-a-ly'da 


* Ar-i-pi'thes 


* A-ro'ma 


Ar-tim'pa-sa 


As-pa'si-a 11 


At-a-ran'tes 


A'ris 


* A-rom'a-ta 


Ar-to-bar-za'nes or 


As-pa-si'rus 


A-tar'be-chis 1J 


A-ris'ba 


t A-rom'a-tum 


t Ar-to-bar'za-nes 


As-pa'si-us 


A-tar'ga-tis 


Ar-is-tsen'e-tus 


* Ar'o-tse 


Ar-tocb'mes 


As-pas'tes 


A-tartie-a 


Ar-is-tae'um 


* Ar-o-te'res 


Ar-to'na 


* As-pa-the'sis 


A'tas and A'thap 


Ar-is-tae'us 


* A-rofre-bee 


Ar-to'ni-us 


As-pa-thi'nes 


A'tax 


Ar-is-tag'o-ras 


Ar'pa-ni 


Ar-ton'tes 


As-pen'dus 


A'te 8 


Ar-is-tan'der 


Ar-pi 3 


* Ar-to-tro'gus 


* As-phal-ti'tes La'cus 


A-tella 


Ar-is-tan'dros 


* Ar'pi-nas 


Ar-tox'a-res 


As'pis 


Afe-na 


Ar-is-tar'cbe 


Ar-pi'num 


Ar-tu'ri-us 


As-ple'don 


At-e-no-ma'rus 


Ar-is-tar'cbus 


* Artjui-tus 


Ar-ty'nes 


As-po-re'nus 4 


* A-ter'ga-tis 


A-ris-ta-za'ncs 


* Ar-ra-bo'na 


Ar-tyn'i-a 


As'sa 


Ath-a-ma'nes 


A-ris'te-as 


* Ar-ra-chi'on 


Ar-tys'to-na 


As-sa-bi'nus 


A.th'a-mas 


A-ris'te-rse 


Ar-ree'i 3 


Ar'u-se 


As-sar'a-cus 


Ath-a-man-ti'a-des 


A-ris'te-us 


* Ar-re'chi 


Ar-vales or 


* As-se'ra 


Ath-a-na'si-us 10 


A-ris'tbe-nes 


Ar-rha-bge'us 


t Am-bar-vales 


As-se-ri'ni 3 


* A-tban'a-ti 


A-ris'thus 


Arti-a 


A-ru'ci or t A-ruc'ci 


* As-se'sus 


Ath'a-nis 


Ar-is-ti'bus 


Ar-ri-a'nus 


A-ru'e-ris 


t As-so'rus 


A'the-as 


Ar-is-ti'des 


Ar'ri-an (Eng.) 


A'runs 1 


As'sos 


A-the'na 


Ar-is-tillus 


Ar'ri-us or A'ri-us 


A-run'ti-us 10 


* As-su-e'rus 


A-the'nae 8 


Ar-is-tip'pus 


Ar-run'ti-us 10 


* Ar-u-pi'num 


As-syr'i-a 


A'thens (Eng.) 


A-ris'ti-us 


Ar-sa'bes 


Ar-u-pi'nus 


As'ta 


Ath-e-nse'a 


\ A-ris'to or 


Ar'sa-ces or 


* Ar-vales 


t As-tab'o-ras 


Ath-e-nas'um 


A-ris'ton 


Ar-sa'ces 1 


Ar-ver'ni 


As-ta-cce'ni 5 


Ath-e-nse'us 


i-ris-to-bula 


Ar-sa'ci-a 


Ar-vir'a-gus 


As'ta-cus 


Atb-e-nag'o-ras 



1 Arsaccs. — Gouldman, Lempriere, Holyoke, and Labbe 
accent this word on the first syllable, and unquestionably 
not without classical authority; but Ainsworth, and a still 
greater authority, general usage, have, in my opinion, de- 
termined the accent of this word on the second syllable. 
[The quantity of the word is sufficiently marked by its deriv- 
atives. Martial, Epigr. : Scis quid in Arsacia, &c. Lucan., 
I'har., viii., 409. : Nascitur Ars icides. Hence, perhaps, by 
analogy, wc may obtain the tru •. pronunciation of Arbaces ; 
q. v — Trollope.] 



2 Artemis.- 



" The sisters to Apollo tune their voice, 
And Artemis to thee whom darts rejoice." 
Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., 



17 



3 Artemita. — Ainsworth places the accent on the antope 
nultimate syllable of this word ; but Lempriere, Gouldman 
and Holyoke, more correctly, in my opinion, on the penult 
imate. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



19 



AU 
Ath-e-na'is 
A-the'ni-on 
V then'o-cles 
A-then-o-do'rus 
Y'the-os 
Ath'e-sis 
' Ath'mo-num 
A'thos 1 

* A-tho'us 
A-thrulla 
A-thym'bra 
v Ath'y-ras 
A'ti-a 11 
A-til'i-a 
A-til'i-us 
A-tilla 
A-ti'na 
A-ti'nas 
A-tin'i-a 
At-lan'tes 
At-lan-ti'a-des 
At-lan'ti-des 
Atlas 

* At'mo-ni 
A-tos'sa 
Afra-ces 
At-ra-mytfti-um 
Afra-pes 
A'trax 1 
At-re-ba'tae 
At-re-ba'tes l 
A-tre'ni 
A'tre-us 
A-tri'dae 
A-tri'des 
A-tro'ni-us 
At-ro-pa-te'ne 
At-ro-pa'ti-a 11 

* A-trop'a-tus 
AtVo-pos 19 
At'ta 

* At-tac'o-raj 

* At-ta-li'a 
At-tali-a 
At'ta-lus 
At-tar'ras 

f At-teg'u-a 

At-te'i-us Cap'i-to 

Aftes 

At'this 

Afti-ca 

Afti-cus 

At-ti-da'tes 

Afti-la 

At-til'i-us 

At-ti'nas 

At'ti-us Pe-lig'nus 

^t-u-atfi-ci 4 

4f u-bi 3 

* Afu-rus 
A-ty'a-das 
A'tys 1 

* Au-cha'tee 

* Au-de'ra 
Au-fe'i-a A'qua 
Au-fi-de'na 
Au-fid'i-a 
Au-fid'i-us 
Au'fi-dus 
Au'ga, 

Au'ge, and Au-ge'a 
Au'ga-rus 
Au'ge-ae 

* Au-gi'as 

Au'gi-as and Au'ge-as 

Au'gi-la3 

Au-gi'nus 

Au'gu-res 

Au-gus'ta 

Au-gus-tali-a 

Au-gus-ti'nus 

Au-gus'tin (Eng.) 



AX 

* Au-gus-to-nem'e-tum 
Au-gus'tu-lus 
Au-gus'tus 
Au-les'tes 

Au-le'tes 
Aulis 

* Au-lo-cre'ne 
Au'lon 
Au-lo'ni-us 
Aulus 
Au'ras 
Au-reli-a 
Au-re-li-a'nus 
Au-re'li-an (Eng.') 
Au-reli-us 
Au-re'o-lus 
Au-ri'ga 
Au-rin'i-a 
Au-ro'ra 
Au-run'ci 8 
Au-run-cu-le'i-us 
Aus-chi'sas 12 
Aus'ci 3 
Au'ser or 

Au'se-ris 
Au'ses 
Au'son 

* Au'eo-nes 
Au-so'ni-a 

* Au-son'i-daa 
Au-so'ni-us 
Aus'pi-ces 

* Aus-ta-ge'na 
Aus'ter 
Aus-te'si-on 
Au-ta-ni'tis 
Au-to-bu'lus or 

At-a-bulus 

* Au-toc'a-nes 
Au-toch'tho-nes 
Au'to-cles 
Au-toc'ra-tea 
Au-to-cre'ne 

* Au-tol'e-mus 
Au-tol'o-lae 

* Au-tol'o-les 
Au-tol'y-cus 
Au-tom'a-te 
Au-tom'e-don 
Au-to-me-du'sa 
Au-tom'e-nes 
Au-tom'o-li 
Au-ton'o-e 

* Au-ton'o-us 
Au-toph-ra-da'tea 

* Au-tri'cum 
Au-trig'o-nes 
t Au-tu'ra 
Aux-e'si-a 11 

* Aux'i-mon 
Av-a-ri'cum 

* A-varl-cus 

* AVa-ses 
A-vella 
Av-en-ti'nus 
A-verinus or A-ver'na 
A-ves'ta 
A-vid-i-e'mis 
A-vid'i-us Cas'si-us 
A-vi-e'nus 

* A-vi'tus 
A'vi-um 
Ax'e-nus 
Ax-i'o-chus 
Ax-i'on 29 
Ax-i-o-ni'cus 

* Ax-i-o'tse 
Ax-i-o'te-a 
Ax-i-o'the-a 
t Axis 
Axl-us 

* Ax'o-na 



BA 

* Ax-o'nes (a people) 

* Ax'o-nes (tablets) 
Ax'ur and An'xur 
Ax'us 

* A-zam'o-ra 
A'zan 1 

* A-za'ni 

* A-ze'ca 

* A-zi'des 

* A-zilis 
A-zi'ris 
Az'o-nax 
A-zo'rus 11 
A-zo'tus 



B. 



BA-BIL'I-US 

Babl-lus 

Bab'y-lon 

Bab-y-lo'ni-a 

Bab-y-lo'ni-i 4 

Ba-byr'sa 

Ba-byfa-ce 

Bac-a-ba'sus 

Bac'chaa 

* Bac-cha'nal 
Bac-cha-nali-a 
Bac-chan'tes 

* Bac-che'is 

* Bac-che'us 
Bac'chi 3 
Bac-chi'a-dae 

* Bae-chi'das 
Bac'cbi-des 
Bac'chis or t Balus 
Bac'chi-um 

* Bac-chi'um 
Bac'chi-us, *Bac-chi'us 
Bac'chus 
Bac-chyll-des 

* Ba-celus 
Ba-ce'nis 
Ba'cis 

* Bac'o-rus 
Bac'tra 
Bac'tri and 

Bac-tri-a'ni 
Bac-tri-a'na or 

Bac'tri-a 
Bac'tros 
t Ba-cun'ti-us 
Bad'a-ca 
Ba'di-a 

* Bad-i-cho'ra 
Ba'di-us 
Bad-u-hen'naB 
Baeln-us 

* Bae-sola 

* Bae-tho'ron 
Baa'tis 
Bae'ton 

* Bag-a-da'o-nes 

* Ba-ge'sus 
Ba-gis'ta-me 

* Ba-gis'ta-na 
Ba-gis'ta-nes 
Ba-go'as and Ba-go'sas 
Bag-o-da'res 
Ba-goph'a-nes 

* Ba-go'us 
Bag'ra-da 
Bai'33 
Bala 

Ba-la'crus 
Bal-a-na'grae 
Ba-la'nus 
Ba-la'ri 

* Bal'a-rus 
Bal-billus 



BA 
Bal-bi'nus 
Ball)us 

* Bal-ce'a 
Ba-le-a'res 
Ba-le'tus 

* Bal-is-be'ga 
Ba-lis'ta 
Bali-us 
Bal-lon'o-ti 3 
Bal-ven'ti-us 10 

* Bal'y-ra 
Bal'y-ras 

* Bam-by'ce 

* Ba-mu'rae 
Bara-u-ru'83 

* Ba-ni-u'bae 
Ban'ti-ae 4 
Ban'ti-us 1C 
Baph'y-rus (! 
Bap'tae 

* Bar'a-do 
Ba-rae'i 
Bar'a-thrum 
Bar'ba-ri 

Bar-ba'ri-ans (Eng.) 
Bar-ba'ri-a 

* Bar-ba'tus 
Bar-bos'the-nes 
Bar-byth'a-ce 
Bar'ca 

Bar-cae'i or Bar-ci'taa 

Bar'ce 

Baricha 

* Bar'ci-no 

* Bar-ci'nus 
Bar-dae'i 

* Bar-da'nes 
Bar'di 

t Bar-di'ne 
Bar-dyllis 
Ba-re'a 

* Ba're-a 

Ba're-as So-ra'nus 
Ba'res 

* Bar'go-se 
Bar-gu'si-i 3 
Ba-ri'ne 

* Barl-sas 
Ba-ris'ses 
Ba'ri-um 
Bar'nu-us 

Bar-si'ne and Bar-se'ne 

Bar-za-en'tes 

Bar-za'nes 

* Ba-se'ra 
Bas-i-le'a 

* Bas-i-li'a 
Bas-i-li'dae 
Bas-i-li'des 

* Bas-i-li'i 
Pa-sil-i-o-pot'a-mos or 

* Ba-sil-i-o-pot'a-mus 
Bas'i-lis 
Ba-siTi-us (a person) 31 

* Bas-i-li'us (a river) 
Bas'i-lus 

Bas'saB 
Bas-sa'ni-a 
Bas-sa're-us 
t Bas-sarl-des 
Bas'sa-ris 
Bas'sus Au-fid'i-us 
Bas-tarinae and 

Bas-ter'nsB 
Bas'ti-a 
Ba'ta 

* Bat-a-no'chus 
Ba-ta'vl 

t Ba-ta'vi-a 

* Ba-ta'vus or * Bat'a-vus 
Ba'tbos 

Bath'y-cles 



BE 
Ba-thyllus 
Ba-ti'a or Ba'ti-a 
Ba-ti-a'tus 

* Ba-ti-e'a 

Ba-ti'na and Ban-tit* 

* Bafi-na 
Ba'tis 
Ba'to 
Ba'ton 

B at-r a-cho-my-o- 
raa'chi-a 

* Bafra-chus 

* Bafta-rus 
Bat-ti'a-des 
Baftis 
Battus 
Bafu-lum 
Bafu-lua 
Ba-tyllus 
Bau'bo 
Bau'cis 
Bauli 3 
Ba'vi-us 

* Bav'o-ta 
Baz-a-en'tes 
Ba-za'ri-a 

* Be-a'trix 
Be'bi-us 
Be-bri'a-cum 
Beb'ry-ce 6 
Beb'ry-ces and 

Be-bryc'i-i 4 
Be-bryc'i-a 

* Be-chi'res 

* Be-chi'ri 

* Bel'a-tes 
Bel-e-mi'na 

* Bel'e-nus 
Bel-e-phan'tes 
Bel'e-sis 
Bel'gae 
Bel'gi-ca 
Bel'gi-um 
Bel'gi-us 

* Be'li-as 
Bel'i-des, pi. 
Be-li'des, sing. 
Be-lis'a-ma 
Bel-i-sa'ri-us 
Bel-is-ti'da 
Bel'i-ta3 

* Bel-lagl-nes 
Bel-ler'o-pho 
Bel-le'rus 2 

* Belle-rus 
Bel-li-e'nus 
Bel-lo'na 
Bel-lo-na'ri-i 4 
Bel-lov'a-ci 

* Bel-lo-o-va'cuin 
Bel-lo-ve'sus 
Be'lon 

* Bel'phe-gor 
Belus 

* Bem-bi'na 
Be-na'cus 

* Ben-<Ii-di'a 
Ben-did'i-um 
Ben'dis 

Ben-e-did'i-um 
Ben-e-ven'tum 
Ben-the-sic'y-me 
Be-pol-i-ta'nus 
Beribi-cae 
Ber-e-cyn'thi-a 

t Ber-e-cyn'thus 
Ber-e-ni'ce 30 or 

Be-re-ni'ce 
Ber-e-ni'cis 

* Ber'gi-ne 
Ber'gi-on 
Ber-gis'ta-nl 



1 Atrebates. — Ainswortb accents this word on the antepe- 
nultimate syllable ; but Lempriere, Gouldman. Holyoke, and 
Labbe on the penultimate ; and this is, in my opinion, the 
better pronunciation. [There is a line in the Christian poet 
Sidonius Apollinaris, who flourished A.D. 432, which favors 
the accentuation of Ainsworth : Atrebatum terras, &c. — Trail- 
lope.] 

a Bellerus. — All our lexicographers unite in giving this 
•vord the antepenultimate accent ; but Milton seems to have 



sanctioned the penultimate, as much more agreeable tc En- 
glish ears, in his Lycidas : 

Or whether thou to our moist vows denied 

Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old. 
Though it must be acknowledged that Milton has in this 
word deserted the classical pronunciation, yet his authority 
is sufficient to make us acquiesce in this accentuation in the 
above-mentioned passage. r True ; but not elsewhere 
Trollope.} 



au 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



BO 

* Ber'go-mum 
Bo'ris and Ba'ris 
Ber'mi-us 
Ber'o-e 
Be-rcB'a 
Ber-o-ni'ce 30 
Be-ro'sus 
Ber-rhoe'a 

* Be-ryb'ra-ces 
Ber'y-tus 

* Be-ry'tus 

* Bes'a-ra 
\ Bes'a-ro 
Be-sid'i-ge 
Be-sip'po 
Bes'si 3 
Bes'sus 
Bes'ti-a 

* Bes-yn-ge'ti 

* Be-tar'mo-nes 
t Bef a-si 

* Be-tho'ron 

* Bet'i-ra 
Be'tis 
Be-tu'ri-a 
Bi'a 

Bi-a'nor 1 
Bi'as 

Bi-bac'u-lus 
Bib'a-ga 

Bibli-a and BDli-a 

t Bibli-na 

Bib-li'na 

Biblis 

Biblus 

Bi-brac'te 

Bib'u-lus 

Bi'ces 

Bi'con 

Bi-cor'ni-ger 

Bi-cor'nis 

* Bi-e'phi 
Bi-for'mis 
Bi'frons 
Bir"bi-lis 
Bi-ma'ter 
Bin'gi-um 
Bi'on 

* Bi-o-ne'us 
Bir'rhus 
Bi-sal'tse 
Bi-sal'tes 
Bi-sal'tis 
Bi-san'the 
Bis'ton 
Bis'to-nes 

t Bis-to'ni-a 
JBis'to-nis 

* Bis-to'nis 
Bi'thus 

. Bith'y-ae 
' Bi-thyn'i-a 

* Bi-thy'ni 
Bit'i-as 
Bi'ton 
Bit-u-i'tus 
Bi-tun'tum 
Bi-tu'ri-cum 
Bi-tu'ri-ges 

* Bif u-rix 
Biz'i-a 

* Bi-zo'ne 
BliB'na 
Blee'si-i 4 
Blse'sus 
Blan-de-no'na 
Blan-du'si-a 
Blas-to-phcB-ni'ces 

* Ble'my-Ee 
Blem'my-es 
Ble-ni'na 
Blit'i-us 10 
Blu'ci-um 10 
t Bo-ad-i-ce'a 
Boa-dic'e-a 
Bo'8e and Bo'e-a 
Bo-a'gri-us 



BR 

* Bob-o-ne'a 
Bo-cali-as 
Boc'car 
Boc'cho-ris 
Boc'chus 
Bo-du-ag-na'tua 
Bo-du'ni 
Boe-be'is 
Boe'bi-a 
Bo-e-dro'mi-a 
Boe-or-o-bis'tas 
Bce-o-tar'chae 

* Boe-o'ti 
Boe-o'ti-a 
Boe-o'tus 
Bo-e'thi-us 

* Bo-e'thus 
Bo'e-tus 
Bo'e-us 
Bo'ges 
Bo'gud 
Bo'gus 
Boi-i 3 
Bo-joc'a-lus 
Bo1a 
Bol'be 

* Bol-be'ne 
Bol-bi-ti'num 
Bol'gi-us 
Bo-li'na 
Bol-i-nee'us 
Bo-lis'sus 
Bol-la'nus 
Bolus 

Bo-mi-en'ses 
Bo-mil'car 
Bom-o-iri'cae 30 
Bo-no'ni-a 
Bo-no'si-us 

t Bo-os'u-ra 

Bo-o-su'ra 

Bo-o'tes 

Bo-o'tus or Boe-o'tus 

Bo're-a 

Bo-re'a-des 

Bo're-as 

Bo-re-as'mi 3 

Bo-re'on 
Bo're-us 
Bor'ges 
Bor-go'di 

* Bo-ri'nus 
Bor'nos 
Bor-sip'pa 
Bo'rus 

Bo-rys'the-nes 
Bos'pho-rus or 

t Bos'po-rus 

* Bos-tre'nus 

* Bo-tro'dus 
Bofti-a 
Bot-ti-ae'is 
Bo-vi-a'num 
Bo-villaB 

* Brac'a-ra 

* Brac-ca'ti 
Brach-ma'nes 
Brah'mins (Eng.) 

* Brach-ma'ni 
Bra3'si-a 
Bran-chi'a-des 
Bran'chi-dae 

t Brai-'chus 

Bran-cLylli-des 

Bra'si-8B 

Bras'i-das 

Bras-i-de'i-a 

t Bras'i-las 

Brau're 

Brau'ron 

Bren'ni and Breu'ni 

* Bren'ni-cus 
Bren'nus 
Bren'tbe 
Bres'ci-a 
Brefti-i 4 
Bri-a're-us 



BU 
Bri'as 
Bri-gan'tes 
Brig-an-ti'nus 
f Bri-gan'ti-um 
t Bri-les'sus 
Bri'mo 
t Bri'na 
Bri-se'is 
Bri'ses 
Bri-se'us 
Bri-tan'ni 
Bri-tan'ni-a 
Bri-tan'ni-cus 30 
Brit-o-mar'tis 
Brit-o-ma'rus 
Brifo-nes 2 

* Brifo-nes or 

Bri-to'nes 
Brix-ellum 
Brix'i-a 

* Brix'i-no 
Bri'zo 

Bi-oc-u-belus 
Bro'mi-us 
Bro'mus 

t Bron'gus 

Bron'tes 

Bron-ti'nus 

Bro'te-as 

Bro'the-us 

Bruc'te-ri 4 

Bru-mali-a 

Brun-du'si-um 

Bru-tid'i-us 

Bru ti-i or JBrutfti-i 

Bru'tu-lus 

Bru'tus 

Bry'as 

Bry-ax'is 

Bry'ce 

Bruges 

Bry'gi 3 5 

Bry6'e-a 

* Brys'e-a3 

* Bry-se'se 
Bu-ba-ce'ne 
Bu-ba'ces 
Bul>a-ris 
Bu-bas-ti'a-cus 
t Bu-bas'tis 
BuTm-sus 
Bul)on 
Bu-ceph'a-la 
Bu-ceph'a-lus 

* Bu'che-ta 
Bu-col'i-ca 
Bu-col'ics (Eng.) 
Bu-ool'i-cum 
Bu-coli-on 
Bu'co-lus 

Bu-de'a 
Bu-de'um 
Bu'di-i 3 or Bu-di'ni 

* Bu-do'ris 
Bu-do'rum 

* Bu'ge-nes 
Bulis 
Bul-la'ti-us 10 

Bul-li'o-nes 
Bu'ne-a 
Bu-ni'ma 

* Bu-no-me'a 
Bu'nus 
Bu'pa-lus 
Bu'pha-gus 
Bu-pho'ni-a 
Bu-pra'si-um 
Bu'ra or t Bu'ris 
Bu-ra'i-cus 

* Bur-dig'a-la 
Burrhus 
Bur'sa 
Bur'si-a 
Bu'sae 
Bu-si'ris 
Bu'ta 
Bu'te-o 



Bu'tes 

* Bu'tho-e 
Bu-thro'tum 
t Bu-thro'tus 
Bu-thyr'e-us 
Bu-to'a 

* Bu'to-nes 
Bu-tor'i-des 
Bu'tos 
Bu-tun'tum 
Bu'tus 

* Bu'zy-ges 
Bu-zy'ges 
Byb-le'si-a and 

By-bas'si-a 
Bybli-a 
Bybli-i 4 
ByWis 
Byl-li'o-nes 
ByrYhus 
Byr'sa 
By-za'ci-um 
Byz-an-ti'a-cus 

* By-zan'ti-on 
By-zan'ti-um 
By'zas 
By-ze'nus 
Byz'e res 

* By-ze'res 
By'zes 
Byz'i-a 



C. 



CA-AN'THUS 
Cab'a-des 20 
t Cab'a-la 
Cab'a-les 20 
Ca-bali-i 5 
Cab-a-li'nus 

* Ca-balis 

t Ca-balla-ca 
Cab-al-li'num 

* Cab-al-li'nus 
Ca-balli-o 
Ca-bar'ni 
Ca-bar'nos 
Ca-bas'sus 

* Ca-beles 

* Ca-be'sus 
Ca-bi'ra 
Ca-bi'ri 3 
Ca-birl-a 
Ca-bu'ra 7 
Cab'u-rus 20 
Ca'ca 
Cach'a-les 20 

* Cac-o-daem'o-nes 
Ca'cus 
Ca-cu'this 
Ca-cyp'a-ris 
Ca'di 3 
Cad-me'a 
Cad-me'is 
Cad'mus 

Cff.'dra 7 

* Cad're-ma 
Ca-du'ce-us 10 
Ca-dur'ci 3 
Ca-dus'ci 

* Ca-du'si 
Cad'y-tis 
Cee'a 7 

Cse-ce'ti-us 10 
Ces'ci-as 10 
Cge-cil'i-a 
Cse-cil-i-a'nus 
Caj-cil'i-i 4 
Caa-cil'i-us 
Csec'i-lus 
Cae-ci'na Tus'cus 
Casc'u-bum 

* Csec'u-bus 
Caec'u-lus 
Ca3-dic'i-ue 10 



GA 

Csed'i-cus 
Cffili-a 

CEel'i-nus 
Ceeli-us 
Ceem'a-ro 

CsB'ne or t Cae-nop'o-lia 
Cae'ne-us 
t Cae-ni'des 
Ceen'i-des 
CeB-ni'na 
Cae'nis 

Cae-notfro-pae 
Cae'pi-o 
Cae-ra'tus 
Cae're or Cae'res 
Cser'e-si 3 

Caerl-tes 
Cae'sar 

aes-a-re'a 

Cae-sa're-us 
Ca3-sa'ri-on 
Cae-sa-ro-du'num 
t Cses-a-rom'a-gus 
Cae-se'na 
Ca3-sen'ni-us 
Cse'si-a 10 
Cae'si-us 10 
Cae'so 
Ca3-so'ni-a 
Cae-so'ni-us 
Caet'o-brix 
Caetfu-lum 
Cae'yx 
Ca-ga'co 
Ca-i-ci'nus 
Ca-i'cus 
Ca-i-e'ta 

* Ca'i-phas 
Ca'i-us and Ca'i-a 

* Ca-je'ta 
Cal'ab-er 
Ca-lal/ri-a 
Cal'a-brus 
Cal-a-gur-rifa-ni 

t Cal-a-gur-ri-ta'ni 

* Cal-a-gu'ris 
Ca-lag'u-tis 
Cal'a-is 
Cal'a-mis 20 
Cal-a-mi'sae 
Cal'a-mos 
Cal'a-mus 20 
Ca-la'nus 
Cal'a-on 

* Ca-lapb'a-tes 
Cal'a-ris 

* Ca-la'rus 
Cal'a-tes 
Cal-a-tha'na 
Ca-la'thi-on 
Cal'a-thus 
Ca-la'ti-a 
Ca-la'ti-ae 10 

* Ca-lau're-a 
Cal-au-re'a and 

Cal-au-ri'a 
Ca-la'vi-i 4 
Ca-la'vi-us 
Calais 
t Cal-ca'gus 
Cal'ce 
Cal'chas 
Cal-che-do'ni-a 
Cal-chin'i-a 12 
Cal'dus Caeli-us 
Cale, Calis, or 

t Ca-le'num 

* Ca-led'o-nes 
Cal-e-do'ni-a 

t Ca-len'tum 
Ca-le'nus 

* Ca-le'rus 
Cales 

Ca-le'si-us ]0 
Ca-le'ta3 

* Cal'e-ti 
Cal'e-tor 20 



1 Bianor. — Lempriere accents this word on the first sylla- 
ble ; but Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke on the 
Ocond ; and these agree with Virgil, Eel. ix., v. 60. 

8 Britones. — Labbe tells us that this word is sometimes 



pronounced with the penultimate accent, but more frequent- 
ly with the antepenultimate.— [Qua nee terribiles Cimbri, n&. 
Britones unquam, &c. Juv., Sat. xv., 124.— Trolhpe.] 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



21 



CA 

Ca-le'tor 
Calex 
Ca-li-ad'ne 
Cal-i-ce'ni 
Ca-lid'i-us 
Ca-lig'u-la 

Ca-lip'e-des 
Cal'i-pus 
Calis 

Cal-laes'chrus 
Cal-la'i-ci 4 

* Cal-la'i-nus 
Callas 
Cal-la-telms 
t Calle 
Cal-le'ni 
Cal-le-te'ri-a 
Calli-a 
Cal-li'a-des 

* Cal-li-a-ni'ra 

* Cal-li'a-rus 
Calli-as 
Cal-lib'i-us 
Cal-li-ce'rus 
Cal-lich'o-rus 
CalTi-cles 
Cal-li-co-lo'na 

* Cal-li-co-lo'ne 
Cal-lic'ra-tes 
Cal-li-crat'i-das 

" Cal-li-dam'a-tea 
Cal-lid'i-us 
Cal-lid'ro-mus 
Cal-li-ge'tus 

* Cal-h-gi'tua 
Cal-Hm'a-chus 12 
Cal-lim'e-don 
Cal-lim'e-le8 

* Cal-li-ni'cus 
Cal-li'nus 

" Cal-li-o-do'rus 

* Cal-li'o-pas 
Cal-li'o-pe 8 
Cal-li-pa-ti'ra 30 
Calli-phon 
Cani-phron 
Cal-lip'i-dae 
Cal-lip'o-lis 

Calli-pua or t Ca-lip'pus 
Cal-lip'y-ges or 

* Cal-i-py'ges 
Cal-lir'ho-e 8 
Cal-lis'te 
Cal-lis-te'i-a or 

* Cal-lis-ti'a 
Cal-lis'the-nes 
Cal-lis'to 
Cal-lis-to-ni'cus 
Cal-lis'tra-tus 
Cal-lix'e-na 
Cal-lix'e-nus 
Calon 

* Cal'o-pus 
Calor 
Cal'pe 

* Cal'pe-tua 
Cal-phur'ni-a 
Cal-phur'ni-us 
Cal-pur'ni-a 
Cal-u-sid'i-us 
Cal-u'si-um 10 
Cal'vi-a 
Cal-vi'na 

* Cal-vi'nus 
Cal-vis'i-us 10 
\ Cal'vus 

Cal'y-be 8 or t Ca-byle 
Cal-y-cad'nus 
Cal'y-ce 8 
Ca-lyd'i-um 
Ca-lyd'na 
Cal'y-don 6 
Cal-y-do'nis 
Cal-y-do'ni us 
Ca-lym'ne 
Ca-lyn'da 
Ca-lyp'so 
C a-ma-lo-du'num 



CA 
Ca-man'ti-um 10 
t Ca-mar'a-cum 
Cam-a-ri'na 

* Cam-a-ri'taB 
Cam-baules 
Cam'bes 
Cam'bre 
Cam-bu'ni-i 4 
Cam-by'ses 
Cam-e-la'ni 3 
Cara-e-li'tae 
Cam'e-ra 7 

* Cam-e-ra'cum 
Cam-e-ri'num and 

Ca-mer'ti-um 
Cain-e-ri'nus 
Ca-mer'tes 
Ca-milla 

Ca-milli and Ca-millaa 
Ca-mil'lus 
Ca-mi'ro 

Ca-mi'rus and Ca-mi'ra 
Cam-is-sa'rea 
Cam'ma 
Ca-moe'naB 
Cam-pa'na Lex 
Cam-pa'ni-a 

* Cam-pa'nus 
Cam-pas'pe or 

t Pan-cas'te 
Cam'pe 8 

* Cam'pe-sus 
Camp'sa 

Cam'pus Marti-us 
Cam-u-lo-gi'nus 
Ca'na 

Can'a-ce 

Can'a-ehe 12 

Can'a-chua 

Ca'naa 

t Ca-na'ri-a 

Ca-na'ri-i 

Can'a-thus 

Can'da-ce 1 

Can-da'vi-a 

Can-daules 

Can-di'o-ni 
Can-di'o-pe 
Ca'nens 
Can-e-pho'ri-a 
Can'e-thum 
Ca-nic-u-la'res Di-es 
Ca-nid'i-a 
Ca-nid'i-us 
Ca-nin-e-fa'tes 
Ca-nin'i-ua 
Ca-nis'ti-us 10 
Ca'ni-us 
Can'nae 

Ca-no'bus 
Ca-nop'i-cum 
Ca-no'pus 

Can'ta-ber 
Can'ta-bra 
Can'ta-bri 3 
Can-talari-a 4 
Can-ta^ri-SB 

* Can-tha-rol'e-thron 
Can'tha-rus 20 

* Can-thela 
Can'thus 
Can'ti-um 10 
Can-u-lel-a 
Can-u-lel-us 
Ca-nuli-a 
Ca-nu'si-um 10 
Ca-nu'si-ua 
Ca-nu'ti-us 10 
Ca-pa'ne-us 
Ca-pella 
Ca-pe'na 
Ca-pe'nas 
Ca-pe'ni 3 
Ca'per 
Ca-pe'tus 

* Cap'e-tus 
Ca-pba're-us 

* Caph-e'ris 



CA 
Ca'phy-as 4 

* Caph'y-e 
Ca'pi-o 4 

t Ca-pis'sa 

Cap-is-se'ne 

Cap'i-to 

Cap-i-to-li'nus 

Cap-i-toli-um 

* Cap-nob'a-tae 

* Cap-pad'o-ces 
Cap-pa-do'ci-a 10 
Cap'pa-dox 
Ca-pra'ri-a 
Ca'pre-a3 
Cap-ri-cor'nus 
Cap-ri-fic-i-alia 
Ca-pri'ma 
Ca-prip'e-dea 
Ca'pri-as 
Ca'pri-us 
Cap-ro-ti'na 
Ca'prus 
Cap'sa 
Cap'sa-ge 
Cap'u-a 
Ca'pys 

Ca'pys Syl'vi-us 

tCar 

Car-a-bac'tra 

Car'a-bis 20 

Car-a-calla 

Ca-rac'a-tes 

Ca-rac'ta-cus 

Ca'rae 

Ca-rae'us 

Car'a-lis 

* Car-a-inalus 
t Ca-ramTm 

* Ca-ran'to-nus 
Car'a-nus 20 
Ca-rau'si-us 10 
CarTso 

* Car-bo'nea 

* CarTju-la 
Car-che'don 12 
Car-ci'nus 

* Car'ci-nus 
Car-da'ces 

* Car-da-me'ne 
Car-dam'y-le 

* Car-de'sus 
Car-di-a 

Car'du-ffl 
Car-du'cbi 12 3 

* Car-dy'tus 
Ca'res 
Car'e-sa 

* Ca-re'sus 
Ca-res'sus 
Car-fin'i-a 
Ca'ri-a 
Ca'ri-as 
Ca-ri'a-te 

t Ca-rilla 

Ca-ri'na 

Ca-ri'naB 

Car'i-ne 

Ca-ri'nus 

* Ca-ri'on 
Ca-ris'sa-num 
Ca-ris'tum 

* Car-ma'ni 
Car-ma'ni-a 
Car-ma'nor 
Car'me 
Car-melus 
Car-men'ta and 

Car-men'tis 
Car-men-tales 
Car-men-talis 
Car'mi-des 6 20 
Car'na and Car-din'e-; 
Car-na'si-us 10 
Car-ne'a-dea 
Car-ne'i-a 
t Car'ne-us 
Car'ni-on 

* Car'no-nes 



CA 

Car'nus 
Car-nu'tes 

* Car-nu'tum 

* Car-os-ce'pi 
Car-pa'si-a 11 and 

Car-pa'si-um 11 
t Car'pa-tes 
Car'pa-thus 

* Car-pe'i-a 
Car'pi-a 7 

* Car-pi'a 
Car'pis 
Car'po 

Car-poph'o-ra 
Car-poph'o-rus 
Car'ras and CarYhae 
Car-ri-na'tes 
Car-ru'ca 
Car-se'o-li 3 
Car-tali-as 

* Car'ta-re 
Car-te'i-a 

* Car'te-nua 
Car-thae'a 
Car-thag-i-ni-en'sea 
Car-tha'go 
Cafihage (Eng.) 

* Car-thalo 
Car'tha-sis 

* Car-tbe'a 
Car-vil'i-us 
Ca'rus 
Ca'ry-a 6 7 

* Ca'ry-ae 
Ca-ry-a'ta3 
Ca-ry-a'tis 

* Ca-ry'o-nes 

* Car-ys-te'us 
Ca-rys'ti-us 
Ca-rys'tua 
Ca'ry-um 

* Ca-sale 
Cas'ca 
Cas-celli-us 
Cas-i-li'num 
Ca-si'na or Ca-si num 

* Cas'i-na 
Ca'si-us 10 

* Cas'me-na 
Cas'me-naB 
Cas-milla 
Cas-pe'ri-a 
Cas-per'u-la 
Cas-pi-a'na 
Cas'pi-i 4 

* Cas-pi'ra 
Cas'pi-um Ma're 
Cas-san-da'ne 
Cas-san'der 
Cas-san'dra 
Cas-san'dri-a, % dre'a 

* Cas-san-dri'a 
Cas'si-a 10 

t Cas-si-o-do'rua 
Cas-si'o-pe or 
Cas-si-o-pe'a 

* Cas-sife-ra 
Cas-si-ter'i-des 
Cas'si-ua 10 
Cas-si-ve-lau'nua 

* Cas-so'pe 
Cas-so'tis 
Cas-tab'a-la 
Cas'ta-bus 
Cas-tali-a or 

Cas-ta'li-us Fona 

* Cas'ta-lis 
Cas-ta'ne-a 

t Cas-the'nea 
Cas-ti-a-ni'ra 

* Cas-tolus 
Cas'tor and Pollux 

* Cas'to-rea (pi.) 
Cas-tra'ti-us 10 

* Cas'tri-cua 
Cas'tu-Io 

* Cat-a-ba'nes 

* Cat-a-clo'thea 



CE 

Cat-a-du'pa 

* Cat a-du'pi 

* Cat-a-ke-kau'me-ne 
Cat-a-men te-les 
Cafa-na 20 

* Ca-ta'on-es 
Cat-a-o'ni-a 

* Ca-taph'ry-ges 
Cat-a-rac'ta 
Cat-a-rac'tea 

* Ca-tar'rby-tua 
Cafe-nea 
Ca-thas'a 
Cath'a-ri 3 
Ca'ti-a 11 
Ca-ti-e'na 
Ca-ti-e'nua 
Cat-i-li'na 
Cafi-line (Eng.» 
t Ca-til'i-us 
Ca-tilli 3 

Ca-tiHua or Catl-lua 
Ca-ti'na or * Catl-n» 
Ca'ti-us 10 
Cat-i'zi 3 

Ca'to 1 
Ca'tre-us 
Carta 
Cafti 3 
Cat-u-li-a'na 
Ca-tunu3 
Cafu-lua 20 
t Ca-tu'ri-ges 
Cau'ca-aus 

* Ca-u'ci 
Cau'con 

* Cau-co'nes 
Cau'co-nes 

Cau'di and Cau'diuia 

* Cau-di'nua 
Cau-lo'ni-a 

t Cau'ni-i 

Cau'ni-us 

Cau'nus 

Cau'ros 

Cau'rus 

Ca'us 

t Cav'a-res 

Cav-a-rillus 

Cav-a-ri'nus 

Ca'vi-i 3 

Ca-y'ci 3 6 or ChaucI 

Ca-y'cus 

Ca-ys'ter or Ca-ys'tru* 

* Caz'e-ca 

Ce'a, Ce'os, or Cos 
Ce'a-des 
t Ce'ba 
Ceb-al-li'nus 
Ceb-a-ren'ses 
Ce'bes 
CeTaren 
Ce-bre'ni-a 
Ce-bre'nis 
Ce-bri'o-nes 
t CeTDrua 
Cec'i-das 
Ce-cil'i-us 
t Ce-ci'na 
Cec'i-na 
Ce-cin'na 
Ce-cro'pi-a 
Ce-crop'i-daa 

* Cec'ro-pis 
Ce'crops 

* Cc-cryph-a-le'a 
Ce'don 

Ce-dre'a 
Ce-dre-a'tis 
Ce-dru'si-i 3 
Ceglu-sa 
Cel 3 
Cel'a-don 
Cel'a-dua 

Ce-lae'nas or t Ce-le'no 
Ce-lae'no 
Cele-as 4 
Ce-le'i-a and Cela 



i Candace.— Lempriere, Labbc, and Ainsworth accent thia 
word on the first syllable, but Gouldman and Holyoke on the 
second ; and I am much mistaken if the general ear has not 



sanctioned this latter pronunciation, and given it the prefer 
ence. 



22 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



CE 
Cel-e-la'tes 
Ce-len'drse, Ce-len'dris, 

and Ce-len'de-ris 
Ce-le'ne-us 
Ce-len'na or Ce-lae'na 
Celer 
Cel'e-res 
Cel'e-trum 
Cele-us 
Cel'rnus 
Cel'o-nee 
Cel'sus 
Cel'tEB 

* Cel'ti-ber 

* Cel-ti-be're3 
Cel-ti-be'ri 
Cel'ti-ca 
Cel'ti-ci 
Cel-tiTlus 

* Cel-to-gal'a-tse 
Cel-to'ri-i 4 
Cel-tos'cy-thgB 

f Ce'ma 
Cem'me-nus 
Cemp'si 3 
Cen'a-bum (P.) or 

Gen'a-bum 
Ce-nae'um 
Ccn'chre-aB 12 
Cen'chre-is 
Cen'chre-us 

* Cen-chre'us 
Cen'cbri-us 
Ce-nes'po-lis 
Ce-ne'ti-um 10 
Ce'ne-us 
Cen-i-mag'ni 
Ce-ni'na 

' Ce-ni'nes 

Cen-o-ma'ni 

Ce'non 

Cen-so'res 

Gen'sors (Eng.) 

Cen-so-ri'nus 

Cen'sus 

Cen-ta-re'tua 

Cen-tau'ri 3 

* Cen-tau'ri-cus 
Cen-tau'rus 

* Cen-tim'a-nus 
Cen-tob'ri-ca 
Cen'to-res 20 
Cen-torl-pa or 

t Cen-tu'ri-pa 

* Cen-tu'ri-pe 
Cen-tri'tes 

t Cen-tro'nes 
Cen-tro'ni-us 
Cen-tum'vi-ri 4 
Cen-tu'ri-a 
Ce'os and Ce'a 
Ceph'a-las 
Ceph-a-le'di-on 
Oe-phallen, 

Ceph-a-le'na, and 

Ceph-al-le'ni-a 

* Ceph-al-le'ni 
Ceph'a-lo 
Ceph-a-lce'dis 5 and 

Ceph-a-lu'di-um 
Ceph'a-lon 
Ceph-a-lot'o-mi 
Ceph'a-lus 
f Ce-phe'is 
Ce-phe'nes 
Ce'phe-us 
Ce-phis'i-a 10 20 
Ceph-i-si'a-des 
Ce-phis-i-do'rus 
Ce-phis'i-on 10 
Ceph-i-sod'o-tus 
Ce-phi'sus or Ce-phis'sus 
Ce'phi-en 

Ce'pi-o or t Cse'pi-o 
Ce'pi-on 
Cer'a-ca 



CH 

Ce-rac'a-tes 

Ce-ramlDUs 

Cer-a-mi'cus 

Ce-ra'mi-um 

Cer'a-mus 20 

Ce'ras 

Cer'a-sus 

Cer'a-ta 

* Ce-ra'thus 

* Ce-ra'ton 
Ce-ra'tus 
Ce-rau'ni-a 
Ce-rau'ni-i 4 
Ce-rau'nus 
Ce-rau'si-us 10 
t CerTja-lua 
Cer-be'ri-on 
CerTje-rus 
Cer'ca-phus 
Cer-ca-so'rum 
Cer-ce'is 
Cer-ce'ne 
Cer-ces'tes 

* Cer'ce-taB 
Cer'ci-des 
Cer'ci-i 4 

Cer-ci'na or Cer-cin'na 
Cer-cin'i-um 
Cer'ci-us 10 
Cer-co'pes • 
Cer'cops 
Cer'cy-on 10 or 
Cer-cy'o-nes 

* Cer-cy^n 

t Cer-cyph'a-lss 
Cer-cy'ra or Cor-cy'ra 

* Cer-do'us 
Cer-dyl'i-um 
Ce-re-alia 
Ce'res 
Ce-res'sus 
Cer'e-tae 

* Ce-re'tes 
Ce-ri-alis 
Ce'ri-i 4 
tCe-rilTi 
Ce-rillum 
Ce-rin'thus 

* Cerf-tes 
Cer-ma'nus 
Cer'ne 
Cer'nes 
Ce'ron 

Cer-o-pas'se-das 
Ce-ros'sus 
Cerphe-res 

t Cer-re-ta'ni 
Cer-rhae'i 3 
Cer-sob-lep'tes 
Cer'ti-ma 
Cer-to'ni-um 
Cer-va'ri-us 
t Cer'vi-us 
Cer'y-ces 6 20 

Ce-ry'ces 
Ce-ryc'i-us 
Cer-y-mi'ca 

* Cer-y-ne'a 
Cer-y-ni'tes 
Ce-sel'li-us 
Ce-sen'ni-a 
Ces'ti-us 10 
Ces-tri'na 
Ces-tri'nus 

Ce-te'i 
Ce'tes 
Ce~the'gus 
Ce'ti-i 4 10 
Ce'ti-ua 10 
Ce'to 

Ce'us and Cse'ua 
Ce'yx 

Cha-be'rus 1 
Chafes 
Cba-bi'nus 
t Cha-bo'ras 



CH 

Cha^ri-a 
Cba'bri-a3 
Cha'bry-ia 6 
Chse-an'i-tae 4 

* Cha3're-a 
Chge're-as 
Chasr-e-de'mua 
Chee-re'mon 
Chser'e-phon 
Cha3-res'tra-ta 
Chee-rin'thus 
Cha3-rip'pu3 
Chse'ro 
Chaer-o-ne'a and 

Cher-ro-ne'a 
Cha-lse'on 
Chal-cee'a 
Chal'ce-a 

* Chal-ce'a 
Chal-ce'don and 

Chal-ce-do'ni-a 

* Cbal-cet'o-res 
Chal-ci-de'ne 
Chal-ci-den'ses 
Chal-cid'e-us 
Chal-cid'i-ca - 
Chal-cid'i-cus 
Chal-ci-ce'cus 
Chal-ci'o-pe 
Chal'cis 

* Chal-ci'tes 
Chal-ci'tis 3 
Chal'co-don 
Chal'con 
Chal'cus 
Chal-dae'a 
Chal-das'i 3 
Chal-da'ans (Eng.) 
Cha-le3'tra 

* Chal'e-tos 
Chal-o-ni'tis 
Chal'y-bes and 

Cal'y-bes 
t Chal'y-bon 
Chal-y-bo-ni'tis 
Cba'lybs 
Cha-ma'ni and 

Cha-ma'vi 
Cha'ne 
Cha'on 
Cba'o-nes 
Cha-o'ni-a and 

Cha-o-ni'tis 
Cha'os 

Char-ac-mo'ba 

Char-a-co'ma 
Char'a-dra 
Char'a-dros 
t Cha-ra'drus 

Char'a-drus 
Cha-rae'a-das 
Char-an-dae'i 
Cha'rax 
Cha-rax'es and 

Cha-rax'us 
Cha'res 
Char'i-cles 
Char-i-cli'des 
Char'i-clo 
Char-i-de'mus 
Chart-la 
Char-i-la'us and 

Cha-riHus 
Cha-ri'ni and Ca-ri'ni 3 
Cha'ris 
Cha-ris'i-a 
Char'i-tes 
Char'i-ton 
t Char'ma-das 
Chartne and Cartno 
Char'mi-das 
Char'mi-des 
Char-mi'nus 
Char-mi'o-ne 2 
Char'mis 
Char-mos'y-na 



CH 
Char'mo-tas 
Char'mus 
Cha'ron 
Cha-ron'das 
Char-o-ne'a 
Cha-ro'ni-um 
Cha'rops and 
Char'o-pes 

* Char'o-pus 
Cha-ryb'dis 

* Chat'ra-mis 
Chau'bi and Chau'i 
Chaula 7 
Chau'rus 

* Chav'o-nea 

* Cha-y'ci 

* Cha-ze'ne 
t Che'a 12 
Chelae 
Che'les 
Chel-i-do'ni-a 
Chel-i-do'ni-83 
Che-lid'o-nis 

t Che-lid-o-ni'sum 

Chel'o-ne 

Chel'o-nis 

Chel-o-noph'a-gi 

Chel-y-do'ri-a 

Chem'mis 

Che'na 7 

Che'nse 

Che'ni-on 

Che'ni-us 

* Che'o-pes 
Che'ops and Che-o 
Che'phren 
Cher-e-moc'ra-tes 
Che-ris'o-phus 
Cher'o-phon 
Cher'si-as 10 
Cher-sid'a-mas 
Cher'si-pho 

t Cher'si-phron 

* Cher-so'na 
Cher-so ne'sus or 

Cher-ro-ne'sus 
Che-rus'ci 3 
Chid-nas'i 3 
t Chi-do'rus 
Chil-i-ar'chus 
Chil'i-us and 

Chil'e-us 
Chilo 
Chi-lo'ni3 
Chi-ma3'ra 
Chim'a-rus 

* Chim'e-ra 
Chi-me'ri-um 
Chi-om'a-ra 
Chi'on 1 
Chi'o-ne 8 
Chi-on'i-des 
Chi'o-nis 
Chi'os 
Chi'ron 
Chifo-ne 

* Chi-to'ne 

t Chit'ri-um 
Chlo'e 
Chlo're-us 
Chlo'ris 
Chlo'rus 
Cho-a-ri'na 
Cho-as'pes 
Cho'a-traB 
Cho'bus 
Chcer'a-dea 
Chca're-se 
Choer'i-lus 

* Chol-on-ti'chus 
Chon'ni-das 

t Cho-nu'phis 

* Cho-ra'gus 
Cho-ras'mi 3 
Cho-rin'e-us 
Cho-rce'bus 



'pes 



CI 

Chor-om-nEe'i 3 

* Chor'o-ne 
Chos'ro-es 
Chre'mes 
Chrem'e-tes 
Chres'i-phon 
Chres-phon'tea 
Chrea'tus 
Chro'mi-a 
Chro'mi-os 
Chro'mis 
Chro'mi-ua 
Chro'ni-us 
Chro'noa 
Chry'a-sus 
Chry'sa and ChrjTse 
Chrys'a-me 
Chry-san'tas 
Chry-san'thi-us 
Chry-san'tia 
Chry-sa'or 3 

* Chrys'a-or 
Chrys-a-o're-ua 
Chry-sa'o-ris 
Chry'sas 

* Chry-sas'pi-des 
Chry-ae'ia 
Chry-ser'mus 

* Chrys'e-rus 
Chry'ses 
Chry-aip'pe 
Chry-sip'pu3 
Chry'ais 
Chrya-o-as'pi-dea 

* Chry-soc'e-ro3 
k Chrys'o-chir 
Chry-sog'o-nus 
Chrys-o-la'us 

* Chrys-o-lo'ras 

t Chyr-son'di-um 
Chry-sop'o-Us 
Chry-sor'rho-se or 
Chry-sorYho -as 

* Chry-sos'to-mua 
Chrys'os-tom 
Chry-fioth'e-mis 
Chryx'us 
Chtho'ni-a 12 
Chtho'ni-us 12 

Chthon-o-phyle 

Ci-a-gi'si 
t Cib'a-lc6 
Cib-a-ri'tis 

* Ci-bo'tus 
Cib'y-ra 
Cic'e-ro 

t Cich'y-ris 

Cic'o-nes 

Ci-cu'ta 

* Cic-y-ne'thua 

* Cil'i-cea 

Ci-lic'i-a 10 and CViis'iie 

Cilix 

Cilia 

Cilles 

Cillus 

Cil'm-us 

Crlo 

Cim'ber 

Cim-be'ri-ua 

Cim'bri 3 

Cim'bri-cum 

Cim'bri-cus 
Cim'i-nus 
Cim-me'ri-i 4 
Cim'me-ris 
Cim-me'ri-um 
Ci-molis and Ci-nolia 
Ci-molus 
Ci'mon 
Ci-n<e'thon or Ci-ne'thnn 

Cin'a-ra 
Ci-nar'a-daa 
Cin'ci-a 10 
Cin-cin-na'tua 
Cin'ci-ua 10 



1 Chaberus. — The ch in thia, and all words from the Greek 
end Latin, must be pronounced like k. 

2 Charmione. — Dryden, in his tragedy of All for Love, has 
Anglicized this word into Charmion ; the ch pronounced as 

charm. 



Chrysaor — 

Then started out, when you began to bleed, 
The great Chrysaor, and the gallant steed. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Thtog. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



23 



CL 
Cin'e-as 
Ci-ne'si-as 11 
Cin'e-thon 
Cin'ga 
Cin-getfo-rix 
t Cin'gu-la-ni 
Cin'gu-lum 
Cin-i-a'ta 
Ci-nith'i-i 4 
Cin'na 
Cin'na-doii 
Cin'na-mus 
Cin-ni'a-na 
Cinxl-a 

Ci'nyps and Cin'y-phus 
Cin'y-ras 
Ci'os 

* Ci-pe'rus 
Cip'pus 

f Cir-cfie'um 

Cir'ce 

Cir-cen'ses Lu'di 

Cir'ci-us 10 

Cir'cus 

Ci'ris 

Cir-rae'a-tum 

Cir'rha and Cyr'rha 

Cirtha and Cir'ta 

Cis-al-pi'na Galli-a 

Cis'pa 

Cis'sa 

Cis'se-is 

Cis-se'us 

Cis'si-a 

Cis'si-se 

Cis'si-des 

Cis-soes'sa 

f Cis-so-es'sa 

Cis'sus 

Cis-su'sa 

Cis-te'nas 

* Cis-the'ne 

* Cis-to-bo'ci 
Ci-thae'ron 
Cith-a-ris'ta 

* Ci-thelas 

* Cith'e-rom 
Citl-um 10 
Ci'us 
Ci-vilis 

Ciz'y-cum or t Cyz'i-cus 

Cla'de-us 

Cla'nes 

Cla'nis 

Cla'ni-us or t Cla'nis 

* Cla-ra'nus 
Cla'rus or t Cla'ros 
Clas-tid'i-um 
Clau'di-a 
Clau'di-ae A'quae 
Clau-di-a'nus 
Claudi-an (Eng.) 
Clau-di-op'o-lis 
Clau'di-ua 
Clau'sus 
Cla-vi-e'nus 
Clav'i-ger 
Cla-zom'e-nse and 

Cla-zom'e-na 
Cle'a-das 

* Cle-ser'e-ta 
Cle-an'der 
Cle-an'dri-das 
Cle-an'thes 
Cle-ar'chus 
Cle-arl-des 
Cle'mens 
Cle'o 
Cle'o-bis 
Cle-o-bula 



CL 

Cle-ob-u-li'na 

Cle-o-bulus 

Cle-o-cha'res 

Cle-o-cha'ri-a 

Cle-o-dte'us 

Cle-od'a-mus 

Cle-o-de'mus 

Cle-o-do'ra 

Cle-o-dox'a 

Cle-og/e-nes 

Cle-o-la'us 

Cle-om'a-chus 

Cle-o-man'tes 

Cle-om'bro-tus 

Cle-o-me'des 

Cle-om'e-nes 1 

Cle'on 

Cle-o'nae and Cle'o-na 

Cle-o'ne 

Cle-o-ni'ca 

Cle-o-ni'cus 30 

Cle-on'nis 

Cle-on'y-mus 

* Cle'o-pas 

Cle-op'a-ter 

Cle-o-pa'tra 2 

Cle-op'a-tris ~ 

Cle-oph'a-nes 

Cle-o-phan'thu3 

Cle'o-phes 

Cle-opb'o-lus 

Cle'o-phon 

Cle-o-phylus 

Cle-o-pom'pu3 

Cle-op-tol'e-mus 

Cle'o-pus 

Cle-o'ra 

Cle-os'tra-tus 

Cle-ox'e-nus 

Clep'sy-dra 

Cle'ri 3 

Cles'i-des 

Cle'ta 

Clet-a-be'ni 
Clib'a-nus 
Cli-de'mus 
t Cli'max 
Cb'm'e-nus 
Cli'nas 
Clin'i-as 
Cli-nip'pi-des 
Cli'nus 
Cli'o 

Cli-sith'e-ra 
Clis'the-nes 
Cli'taa 

Cli-tar'chu3 
Cli'te 

Cli-terini-a 
Clit-o-de'mus 
Cli-tom'a-chus 
Cli-ton'y-mus 
Clifo-pbon 
Cli'tor 
Cli-to'ri-a 
Cli-tum'nus 
Cli'tus 

Clo-a'ca 
Clo-a-ci'na 
Clo-an'thus 
Clo'di-a 
Clo'di-us 
Clceli-a 
Cloeli-se 
Clooli-us 
Clo'nas 
Clon'di-cua 
Clo'ni-a 
Clo'ni-us 
Clo'tho 



CO 
Clu-a-ci'na 
Clu-en'ti-us 10 
Clu'pe-a and Clyp'e-a 23 
Clu'si-a 11 
Clu-si'ni Fon'tes 
Clu-si'o-lum 
Clu'si-um 10 
Clu'si-us 10 
Clu'vi-a 

Clu'vi-us Ru'fus 
Clym'e-ne 
Clym-e-ne'i-des 
Clym'e-nus 
Cly-son'y-mus 
Cly-son-y-mu'sa 
Clyt-em-nes'tra 
Clyfi-a or Clyti-e 
Clyfi-us 10 
Cly'tus 

Cna-ca'di-uni 3 13 
Cnac'a-lis 

* Cnac'a-lus 
Cna'gi-a 
Cne'mus 

Cne'us or Cnse'us 
Cni-din'i-um 
Cni'dus or Gni'dus 
Cno'pus 13 
Cnos'si-a 11 

t Cnos'sus 

Cno'sus 

Co-a-nia'ni 

Co-as'trae and Co-ac'tra? 

Cob'a-res 

Coc'a-lus 

Coc-ce'i-us 

Coc-cyg'i-us 

Co'cles 

* Cocli-tes 
Coc'ti-ae and Cofti-ae 
Co-cy'tus 

t Co-da'nus Si'nus 

Co-dom'a-nus 

Cod'ri-dae 

Co-drop'o-lis 

Co'drus 

Cos-cil'i-us 

Coela 

Cce-lal'e-tSB 

tCoele 

Coel-e-syrl-a and 

Coolo-syr'i-a 
Coe1i-a 
CoBl-i-ob'ri-ga 
CceTi-us 
Coelus 
Coe'nus 
Coer'a-nus 
Co'es 

Coas'y-ra 
Coe'us 
Cog'a-mus 
Cog-i-du'nus 
Co'bi-bus 
Co'hors 
Co'kort (Eng.) 

* Col-a-ce'a 
Co-lae'nus 

* Co-lan'co-rum 
Co-lax'a-is 
Co-lax'es 
Col'chi 12 3 
Col'chis and Col'chos 
Co-len'da 

Co'li-as 

Col-la'ti-a 

Col-la-ti'nus 

Col-li'na* 

Col-lu'ci-a 

Colo 



CO 
Co-lo'nae 
Co-lo'ne 
t Co-lo'ni-a 
Co-lo'nos 
Col'o-phon 

Co-los'se and Co-los'sis 
Co-los'sus 
t Col-o'tes 5 
Col'pe 

* Col-the'nc 

t Col-u-bra'ri-a 

Co-lum'ba 

Col-u-mella 

t Col-um'nsj Her'cu-lis 

Co-lu'thus 

Co-lyttus 

Com-a-ge'na 

Com-a-ge'ni 

Co-ma'na 

Co-ma'ni-a 

t Co-ma're-a 

Com'a-ri 3 

Com'a-rus 

Co-mas'tus 

* Co-ma'ta 
Corn-balms 
Com'be 
Com^i 3 
Com-bre'a 
Conrbu-tis 

* Co-me'dae 
Co-me'tes 
Com'e-tho 
Co-min'i-us 2 
Co-mit'i-a 10 
Co'mi-us 

* Com-ma-ge'nus 
Com'mo-dus 
Co'mon 
Com-pi-tali-a 

* Com-plu'tum 
Comp'sa-tus 
Com-pu'sa • 
t Co'mum 
Co'mus 
Con'ca-ni 
Con-cor'di-a 
Con'da-lus 
Con'da-te 

* Con-da'te 

t Con-di-vic'num 
Con-do-cha'tes 
Con-dru'si 3 
Con-dyl'i-a 

* Con-dylus 
Co'ne 7 
Con-e-to-du'nus and 

t Cot-u-a'tus 
Con-fu'ci-us 10 
Con-ge'dus 
t Co-ni'a-ci 3 
Co'ni-i 

t Co-nim'bri-ca 
Con-i-sal'tus 
Co-nis'ci 
Con-ni'das 
Co'non 

* Co-no'pe 

* Con-o-pe'um 

* Co-no'pe-um 
Con-sen'tes 
Con-sen'ti-a 
Con-sidl-us 
Con-si-li'num 
Con'stans 
Con-stan'ti-a 11 

* Con-stan-ti'a (a city) 
Con-stan-ti'na 
Con-stan-ti-nop'o-lia 
Con-stan-ti'nus 



CO 

Con' stan-tine (Eng.) 
Con-stan'ti-us 10 
f Con'su-les 
Con'suls (Eng.) 
Con'sus 
Cou-syg'na 
Con-ta-des'dus 

* Con-to-po-ri'a 
Con-tu'bi-a 7 

' Co'nus Con-col'o rua 

v Con've-nae 

Co'on 

Co'os, Cos, Ce'a, and Co 

Co'pae 

* Cop'a-is 
Co'phas 
Co-phon'tia 
Co'pi-a 7 
Co-pillus 
Co-po'ni-us 
Cop'ra-tes 
Co'pre-us 
Cop'tus or Cop'tos 
Co'ra 
Cor-a-ce'si-um or 

Cor-a-cen'si-um 
Cor-a-co-na'sus 

* Cor-a-co-ne'sus 
Co-ral'e-tae 

* Co-ra'li 
Co-ral'li 3 
Co-ra'nus 
Co'ras 
Co'rax 
Co-rax'i 3 
Corlje-us 

Cordis and t Or'su-a 
Corlm-lo 

Cor'co-ba 

Cor'co-raa 
Cor-cy'ra 
Cor'du-ba 
Cor-du-e'ne 8 

* Cor-dyla 
Co're 8 
Co-res'sus 
Cor'e-sus 

* Co-re'sus 
Cor'e-tas 
Cor-fin'i-um 
Co'ri-a 7 

Co-ri'a 
Co-rin'e-um 
Co-rin'na 
Co-rin'nus 
Co-rin'thus 
Cor'inth (Eng.) 
Co-ri-o-la'nus 23 
Co-ri'o-li and.£o-ri-olla 
Co-ris'sus 

Co-ri'tha 
Cor'i-tus 
Cor'ma-sa 
Cor'mus 
Cor-neli-a 
Cor-neli-i i 
Cor-nic'u-i-um 
Cor-ni-fic'i-us 10 
Cor'ni-ger 
Cor-nu'tus 
Co-roe l>us 
Co-ro'na 
Cor-o-ne'a 
t Co-ro'ni-a 

Cor-o-ni'des 
Co-ro'nis 
Co-ron'ta 
Co-ro'nus 

* Co-ro'pe 
Cor-iba'sfi-um 



i Cleomenes. — There is an unaccountable caprice in Dry- 
den's accentuation of this word, in opposition to all prosody ; 
for, through the whole tragedy of this title, he places the ac- 
cent on the penultimate instead of the antepenultimate syl- 
lable. — [This observation is perfectly just ; but is there not 
something equally capricious in our author's note on the 
tjvord Andronicus, compared with thi3 charge against Dry- 
den ? — Trollope. So, also, Carr.] 

* Cleopatra. — The learned editor of Labbe tells us this 
word ought to be pronounced with the accent on the ante- 
penultimate. Cle-opa-tra • though the penultimate accentua- 



tion, he says, is the more common. — [I know of no authority 
for the penultimate accentuation. — Trollope. So, also, Carr.] 

3 Cnacadium. — C before n, in this and the succeeding 
words, is mute ; and they must be pronounced as if written 
Nacadium, Nacalis, &c. — [See note on Rule 13. — Trollope.'] 

* Collina. — Lempriere accents this word on the antepe- 
nultimate ; but Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke, more 
properly, on the penultimate. 

5 Colotes. — Ainsworth and Lempriere accent this word on 
the antepenultimate syllable ; but Labbe, Gouldman, and Ho 
lyoke, more agreeably to the general ear, on the penultimate 



24 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMEk. 



CR 

* Cor-se'a 
Cor'si 3 
Cor'si-a 
Cor'si-ca 7 
Cor'so-te 
tCor-su'ra 7 
f Cor-to'na 
Cor-to'naj 

+ Cor-ty'na 
Cor-un-ca'nus 
Co'rus 
Cor-vi'nus 
Cor-y-ban'tes 6 
Cor'y-baa 
Cor-y-bas'ea 
Cor'y-bus 
Co-ryc'i-a 24 
Co-ryc'i-des 
Co-ryc'i-us 10 
Cor'y-cus 6 

* Co-ry'cua 
Cor'y-don 

Cor'y-la or Cor-y-le'um 
Co-rym'bi-fer 
Cor'y-na 
Cor-y-ne'ta or 
Cor-y-ne'tea 
Cor-y-pha'si-um 
\ Cor'y-phe 

* Co-ry'tha 
Cor-y-then'ses 
Cor'y-thus 
Co-ry'tus 6 
Cos 

Co'ea, Cos'sa, Co'sa3 

Cos-co'ni-us 

Co-sin'gas 

Co'sis 

Cos'mus 

Cos'se-a 7 

Cos'sus 

Cos-su'ti-i 4 

* Cos-to-bo'ci 
Cos-to-bce'i 3 
Co-sy'ra 

Co'tes or Cof tea 
Co'thon 
Co-tho'ne-a 7 

* Cot-i-nu'sa 
Cofi-so 
Cofta 

Cot'ti-se ATpea 
Cot-to'nis 
Coftus 
Co-ty-se'um 6 

* Co-ty-a-i'on 
Cot-y-lae'us 
Co-tyl'i-us 
Co-ty'o-ra 

* Co-ty'o-ru9 
Co'tys 

v Co-ty'to 
Co-tyt'to 
Cra'gus 
Cram-bu'sa 

* Cramlm-tia 

* Cran'a-e 
Cran'a-i 3 
Cran'a-pes 
Cran'a-us 
Cra'ne 

v Cra-ne'a 

Cra-ne'um 

Cra'ni-i 4 

Cra'non or Cran'non 

Cran'tor 

* Crap'a-thua 

\ Cras'si-pes 

Crae-sit'i-us 10 

Cras'sus 

i Jras-ti'nua 

' Cras'ti-nus 



CR 

Crat'a-is 

Cra-tae'us 

Crater 

Crat'e-nis 20 

Cra'tes 

Crat-es-i-cle'a 

Crat-e-sip'o-lis 

Crat-e-sip'pi-das 

t Cra'te-us 

Cra-te'vas 

Cra'this 

Cra-ti'nus 

Cra-tip'pus 

Crat'y-lus 6 

Crau'si-ae 11 

Crau'eis 

Cra-ux'i-das 

Crem'e-ra 

Crem'i-des 

Crem'ma 

Cre'my-on 
Crem'my-on or 

Crom'my-on 
Crem'ni or Crem'nos 
Cre-mo'na 
Cre-mu'ti-us 10 

Cre-na'cua 
Cre'on 

Cre-on-ti'a-des 
Cre-oph'i-lua 

Cre-o-phylus 

Cre-o-polus 
Cre-pe'ri-us 

Creph-a-ge-ne'tus 
Crea 

Cre'sa or Cres'sa 
t Cres'sas 
Cre'ei-us 11 
Cres-phon'tea 
Cres'si-us 11 
Cres'ton 

Cres-to'ne 
Cre'sus 
Cre'ta 8 
Crete (Eng.) 
Cre'tse-us 
Cre'te 
Cre'te-a 7 
Cre'tes 
Cre'te-ua 
Cre'the-ia 
Cre'the-us 

* Cre-thi'des 
Cre'thon 
Creth'o-na 
Cret'i-cus 
Cre-u'sa 7 
Cre-u'sis 
Cri'a-sus 
Cri-nip'pua 
Cri'nia 

Cri-ni'aus or Cri-mi'sua 
Cri'no 

* Cri-o'a 
Cri'son 
Cris-pi'na 
Cris-pi'nua 
Crifa-la 

t Cri-the'is 
Cri-tbo'te 
Crit'i-as 10 
Cri'to 

Crit-o-bulus 
t Crit-o-de'mus 
Crit-og-na'tus 
Crit-o-la'us 

* Cri-u-Me-to'pon 
Cri'ua 
Cro-bi'a-lus 
Crob'y-zi 3 
Croc'a-le 
Cro'ce-aa 



CY 

* Croc-o-dilon 
Croc-o-di-lop'o-lis 
Cro'cus 

* Croc-y-le'a 
Crce'sus 
Cro-i'tes 
Cro'mi 3 

t Cro-mi'tis 

Crom'my-on 

Crom'na 

Cro'mus 

Cro'ni-a 7 

Cron'i-des 

Cro'ni-um 

Cro'phi 3 

Cros-saa'a 

* Crot'a-le 
Crot'a-lus 
Cro'ton 
Cro-to'na 7 

t Crot-o-ni'a-tse 

* Cro-to-ni-a't8B 
Crot-o-ni'a tia 
Cro-to'pi-as 
Cro-to'pus 

t Cro'tus 
Cru'nos 
Cru'si3 
Crus-txi-me'ri 4 

* Crus-tu'me-ri 
Crus-tu-me'ri-a or 

Crus-tu-me'ri-um 
Crus-tu-mi'num 
Crus-tu'mi-um, 
Cnia-tu'nus, and 
Crus-tur-ne'ni-u3 
Cry'nis 

* Cryp-te'a 
Cte'a-tus 
Ctem'e-ne 13 
Cte'nos 
Cte'si-a8 
Cte-sib'i-us 
Ctes'i-cles 
Cte-sil'o-chus 
Ctes'i-phon 13 
Cte-sip'pus 
Ctim'e-ne 

* Cu'cu-fas 
Cula-ro 

Cu'ma or Cu'maa 
Cu-nax'a 7 

* Cu-ni'na 
Cu-pa'vo 
Cu-pen'tua 
Cu-pi'do 
Cu-pi-en'ni-ua 
Cu'rea 
Cu-re'tea 
Cu-re'tis 
Cu'ri-a 
Cu-ri-a'ti-i 4 
Cu'ri-o 

* Cu-ri-o'nea 
Cu-ri-o-sol'i-taa 
Cu'ri-um 

Cu'ri-us Den-ta'tu8 
Cur'ti-a 10 
Cur-tillus 
Cur'ti-us 10 
Cu-rulis 
Cus-sse'i 3 

t Cu'sus 
Cu-til'i-um 
Cy-am-o-so'rus 
Cy'a-ne 6 8 
Cy-a'ne-ae 4 
Cy-a'ne-e or 
j Cy-a'ne-a 
Cy-a'ne-us 
Cy-a-nip'pe 
I Cy-a-nip'pus 



CY 
Cy-a-rax'es or 

Cy-ax'a-rea 

Cyb'a-le 
Cy-be^e 

Cyb-ela and Cy-bela 
Cyb'e-le 
Cyb'e-lus 
Cyb'i-ra 
t Cy-bis'tri-a 
Cy-ce'si-um 11 
Cych're-us 12 
Cyc'la-dea 

Cy-clob'o-rua 

* Cy-clo-ps8-di'a 
Cy-clo'pea 
Cyclops (Eng.) 

* Cyc-lo-pe'us 
Cyc'nus 
Cy'da 

t Cy'daa 6 
Cyd'i-as 

Cyd'i-moa 
Cy-dip'pe 
Cyd'nus 
Cy'don 

Cyd-o-ne'a 

Cy-do'nes 

Cyd-o-ne'us 
Cy-do'ni-a 

Cy-do'ni-us 
Cyd'ra-ra 

* Cy-drelus 
Cyd-ro-la'us 
Cyg'nus 
Cyl'a-bua 

t Cyl-bi-a'ni 
Cyl'i-ces 
Cy-lin'dua 
Cyl-lab'a-ris 
Cylla-rus 
Cyllen 
Cyl-le'ne 
Cyl-le-ne'i-U8 
Cyl-le-ne'us 
Cyl-lyr'i-i 3 4 
Cylon 

* Cyl-o-ni'um 
Cy'ma or Cy'msa 

Cy-melus 

Cym'i-nus 
Cy-mod'o-ce 
Cy-mod-o-ce'a 
Cy-mod-o-ce'as 
Cy'me or Cy'mo 
Cy-molua or Ci-molus 
Cym-o-po-li'a 1 
Cy-moth'o-e 
Cyn-8B-gi'rus 
Cy-nae'thi-um 
Cy-na'ne 
Cy-na'pes 
Cyn'a-ra 
Cy-nax'a 
Cyn'e-aa 
'* Cy-neg'e-tae 

* Cyn-e-gi'rus 
Cy-ne'si-i 4 or Cyn'e-tae 

* Cy-ne'tae 

* Cyn-e-te'a 
Cyn-e-thus'sa 
Cyn'i-a 
Cyn'i-ci 3 
Cyn'ics (Eng.) 

* Cyn'i-cus " 
Cy-nis'ca 
Cy'no 6 
Cyn-o-ceph'a-le 
Cyn-o-cepb'a-li 
Cyn-o-phon'tis 

* Cy-nop'o-lis 
Cy-nortas 
Cy-nor'ti-on 11 



DA 
Cy'nos 

Cyn-o-sar'ges 

Cyn-os-se'ma 

Cyn-o-su'ra 

Cyn'o-sure (Eng.) 

Cyn'thi-a 

Cyn'thi-us 

Cyn'thus 

Cyn-u-ren'ses 

Cy'nus 

Cyp-a-ris'si or 

Cyp-a-ris'si-a \Z 
Cyp-a-ris'sus 
Cyph'a-ra 
Cyp-ri-a'nus 
Cy'prus 

Cyp-sela 
Cyp-sel'i-des 
Cyp'se-lus 
Cy-rau'nis 
Cy're 

Cyr-e-na'i-ca 
Cyr-e-na'i-ci 3 
Cy-re'ne 8 

* Cy-res'cha-ta 
Cy-ri'a-des 
Cy-rillus 
Cyr'il (Eng.) 
Cy-ri'nus 
Cyr'ne 
Cyr'nus 

Cy-ro-pa3-di'a 
Cyr-ra3'i 3 
Cyr'rha-dae 
Cyr'rhes 
t Cyr-rhes'ti-ca 
Cyr'rhus 
Cyr-ri-a'na 
t Cy-rop'o-lis 
Cyr-si'lus 

* Cyr'si-lus 

* Cyr-to'na 
Cy'rus 
Cy'ta 
Cy-tae'is 
Cy-the'ra 
Cyth-e-rae'a or 

Cyth-e-re'a 2 
Cyth'e-ris 3 

* Cy-the'ris 
Cy-the're-us 
Cy-the'ri-us 
Cy-the'ron 
Cy-the'run 
Cyth'e-rus 
Cyth'nos 
Cy-tin'e-um 
Cyt-is-so'rus 

Cy-to'ri-us 
Cy-to'rus 
Cyz-i-ce'ni 
Cyz'i-cum 
Cyz'i-cus 



D. 



Dk'M or Da'hiB 
Da'ci or Da'caR 
Da'ci-a 11 
t Da'ci-us 
Dac'ty-li 3 4 
Dad'i-cee 

* Da-du'chua 
Daad'a-la 

* Daed-a-le'a 
Dae-dali-on 
Da?d'a-lus 
Daj'mon 

* Daem'o-nes 

* Daem'o-num 



'• Cymopolia. — See Iphigenia. 

Neptune, who shakes the earth, his daughter gave, 
Cymopolia, to reward the brave." 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v., 1132. 
* Cytherea. — 

,! Behold a nymph arise, divinely fair, 
Whom to Cythera first the surges bear ; 
And Aphrodite, from the foam, her name. 



Among the race of gods and men the same ; 
And Cytherea from Cythera came." 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v., 201 



Cytheris. — 



-Mere poetry - 



Your Roman wits, your Gallus and TibUllus, 
Have taught you this from Cytheris and Delia. 

Dryden, All for Lov&. 



UREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



21 



DA 
Da'i 4 

Da'i-cles 1 
t Da'i-cles 
Da'i-dis 
Da-im'a-chus 
Da-im'e-nes 
Da'i-phron 1 
Da-i'ra 1 
Dal'di-a 

* Dal'ma-tae 
Dal-ma'ti-a 10 
Dal-ma'ti-us 10 
f" Dal'mi-um 
Dam-a-ge'tus 
Dam'a-hs 

* Da-mar'e-tua 
Da'mas 1 
Dam-as-ce'na 

* Dam-as-ce'ne 
Da-mas'ci-us 10 
Da-mas'cus 
Da-ma'si-a 
Dam-a-sic'thon 
Dam-a-sip'pus 
Dam-a-sis'tra-tus 

* Dam-a-si-thy'mus 
Dam-a-sith'y-nu3 

* Dam-a-si'ton 
Da-mas'tes 

* Dam'a-sus 

* Da'me-as 
Da'mi-a 
Da-mip'pus 
Da'mis 

\ Dam-no'ni-i or 
f Dum-no'ni-i 
Dam'no-rix 
Da'mo 
Dam'o-cles 
Da-moc'ra-tes 
Da-moc'ri-ta 
Da-moc'ri-tus 

* Da-mom'e-les 
Da'mon 

* Dam-o-ni'cus 
Dam-o-pban'tus 
Da-moph'i-la 
Da-moph'i-lus 
Dam'o-phon 
Da-mos'tra-tus 
Da-mox'e-nus 
Da-myr'i-aa 
Da'na 7 
Dan'a-e 
Dan'a-i 3 
Da-na'i-des 4 
Dan'a-la 
Dan'a-us 
Dan'da-ri or 

Dan-darl-das 
Dan'don 
Da-nu'bi-us 
Dan'ube (Eng.) 
Da'o-chus 12 

* Da'o-nes 
Daph'na? 
Daph-nae'us 
Daph'ne 

Daph-ne-pho'ri-a 
Daph'nis 
Daph'nus 
Dar'a-ba 

* Dar'a-bes 

f Dar-an-ta'si-a 

Da'raps 

Dar'da-ni 3 

Dar-da'ni-a 

Dar-dan'i-des 

Dar'da-nis 

Dar'da-nus 

* Da-re'i-um 
Da'res 
Da-re'tis 

* Da-re'us 
Da-ri'a 
Da-ri'a-ves 



DE 
Da-ri'tae 
Da-ri'us 
Das'con 

* Das-cy-le'um 
Das-cy-li'tis 
Das'cy-lus 
Da'se-a 
Da'si-us 11 
Das-sar'e-tae or 

Das-sa-ri'taB 
Das-sa-re'ni or 

Das-sa-rifi-i 3 
Dat'a-mes 
Dat-a-pher'nes 
Da'tis 

Da'tos or Da'ton 
Daulis 
Dau'ni 3 
Dau'ni-a 
Dau'nus 

Dau'ri-fer or Dau'ri-i 
Dav'a-ra 7 

* Deb'o-rus 

* Dec-a-du'chi 

* De-cap'o-lis 
De-ceb'a-lus 

* Dec-e-le'a 
De-cele-um 

* Dec-e-li'cum 
Dec'e-lus 
De-cem'vi-ri 4 
De-ce'ti-a 10 

* De-«i-a'tum 
De-cid'i-us Sax'a 

* Dec'i-mus 
De-cin'e-us 
De'ci-us 10 

Dec'u-ma 

Dec-u-ma'tes 
De-cu'ri-o 
Ded-i-tam'e-nes 
De-ic'o-on 
De-id-a-mi'a 30 
De-i-le'on 

De-il'e-on 
De-il'o-cbus 12 
De-im'a-cbus 

De-i'o-ces 
De-i'o-chus 
De-i'o-ne 
De-i-o'ne-us 
De-i-o-pe'i-a 

De-i-ofa-rus 
De-iph'i-la 
De-iph'o-be 
De-iph'o-bus 
De'i-pbon 
De-i-phon'tes 
De-ip'y-le 6 7 
De-ip'y-lus 
De-ip'y-ru8 
Dej-a-ni'ra 
Dej'o-ces 
De-jofa-nis 
Del'don 
Deli-a 
De-li'a-des 
Deli-urn 
Deli-us 

Del-ma'ti-us 10 
Del-min'i-um 
Delos 
Del'phii 
Del'pbi-cus 
Del-phin'i-a 
Del-phin'i-um 
Del'phus 
Del-pby'ne 6 
Del'ta 

Del-to'ton 
Dem'a-des 
De-masn'e-tus 
De-mag'o-ras 
Dem-a-ra'ta 
Dem-a-ra'tus 
De-mar'cbus 



DI 
Dem-a-re'ta 
Dem-a-ris'te 
t De-ma'tri-a 
De'me-a 

* De-me'ter 
De-me'tri-a 
De-me'tri-as 
De-me'tri-us 
De'rao 

Dem-o-a-nas'sa 
Dem-o-ce'des 
De-moch'a-res 
Dem'o-cles 
De-moc'o-on 
De-moc'ra-tes 
De-moc'ri-tus 
De-mod'i-ce 4 8 
De-mod'o-cus 

* Dem-o-do'rus 
De-mole-on 
De-mo'le-us 
De'mon 
Dem-o-nas'sa 
De-mo'nax 
Dem-o-ni'ca 1 
Dem-o-ni'cus 
Dem-o-phan'tus 
De-moph'i-lus 
Dem'o-phon 
De-moph'o-on 
De-mop'o-lis 
De'mos 

De-mos'the-nes 18 
De-mos'tra-tus 

* De-mu'chus 
Dem'y-lus 

* Den-se-le'tee 
De-od'a-tus 
De-o'is 
tDerTje 
DerTn-ces 

Der-bi'ces 
Der'ce 

Der-ceTji-i 
Der-cen'nus 
Der'ce-to or Der'cetis 
Der-cylli-das 
Der-cyl'lus 

* Der'cy-los 
Der'cy-nus 
Der-sa3'i 3 

t Der-tho'na 
De-ru-si-ael 3 

Des'po-ta 
De-su'da-ba 
Deu-cali-on 28 
Deu-ce'ti-us 10 
Deu'do-rix 

* Deu-ri'o-pus 
Dev'o-na 

Dex-am'e-ne 

Dex-am'e-nus 

Dex-ip'pus 

Dex-ith'e-a 

Dex'i-us 

Di'a 1 7 

Di-ac-o-pe'na 

Di-a-cre'a 

Di'a-cris 
Di-ac-tor'i-des 

* Di-a-du'me-nus 
Di-a-du-me-ni-a'nus 
Di-se'us 

Di'a-gon or Di'a-gum 

t Di-a-gon'das 

Di-ag'o-ras 

Di-alis 

Di-allus 

Di-a-mas-ti-go'sis 

Di-a'na 7 

Di-an'a-sa 

t Di-a'ni-um 

* Di-apb'a-nes 
Di-a'si-a 11 

t Dib'i-o 
Di-cae'a 



DI 

* Di-cae-ar-che'us 

* Di-cae-ar-chi'a 

Di-C83'US 

Di'ce 8 

Dic-e-ar'chus 

Di-ce'ne-ua 

Dic'o-mas 

Dic't83 

Dic-tam'num or 

Die tyn'na 
Dic-ta'tor 
Dic-tid-i-en'ses 
Dic-tyn'na 
Dic'tys 
Did'i-us 
Di'do 
Did'y-ma 
Did-y-mae'us 
Did-y-ma'on 
Did'y-me 
Did'y-mum 
Did'y-mus 
Di-en'e-ces 
Di-es'pi-ter 

* Di-ge'na 
Di-gen'ti-a 10 

* Di-ge'ri 
Dig'ma 

* Di-i-po-li'a 
Di'i 3 4 
Di-mas'sus 
Di-nar'chus 12 

* Din'dy-ma 

* Din-dy-me'ne 
Din'dy-mus 
Din'i-a 
Din'i-as 
Din'i-cbe 12 
Di-noch'a-res 
Di-noc'ra-tes 
Di-nod'o-cbus 

* Din-o-ge-ti'a 
Di-nol'o-chus 
Di-nom'e-nes 
Di'non 

Di-nos'the-nes 
Di-nos'tra-tus 

* Di-o-cses-a-re' 
Di-o-cle'a 
Di'o-cles 
Di-o-cle-ti-a'nus 
Di-o-cle'ti-an (En 
Di-o-do'rus 
Di-o'e-tas 
Di-og'e-nes 
Di-o-ge'ni-a 
Di-og'e-nus 
Di-og-ne'tus 

* Di-o-me'a 
Di-o-me'da 

* Di-om-e-de'a 

* Di-om-e-de'33 
Di-o-me'des 2 
Di-o-me'don 

* Di-o'mus 
Di'on 3 
Di-o-naa'a 
Di-o'ne 

* Dion-y-se'us 
Di-o-nys'i-a 11 
Di-o-nysi'a-det 
Di-o-nys'i-as 11 
Di-o-nys'i-des 
Di-o-nys-i-o-doVus 
Di-o-nys'i-on 11 
Di-o-ny-sip'o-li3 
Di-o-nys'i-us 11 

* Di-o-ny'sus 
Di-oph'a-nes 
Di-o-phan'tu3 
Di-o-pas'nus 

* Di-o-pi'te8 or 
* Di-o-pi'thes 

Di-op'o-bs 

Di-o'res 

Di-o-ryc'tus 



DO 
Di-o-scorl-des 

* Di-os'co-rum 
Di-os'co-rus 
Di-os-cu'ri 3 
Di-os'pa-ge 
Di-os'po-bs 
Di-o-ti'me 1 8 
Di-o-ti'mus 
Di-ofre-phes 
Di-ox-ip'pe 
Di-ox-ip'pus 
Di-pae'te 
Diph'i-las 
Diph'i-lus 
Di-phorl-dag 

* Dipb'ry-ges 
Di-pce'na3 

t Dip'o-lis 
Dip'sas 

* Dip'y-lum 
Di'rae 
Dir'ce 
Dir-cen'na 
Dir'pbi-a 

t Dir-pbyl-a 
Dis-cor'di-a 

* Dis'co-rum 

* Dis'o-ras 
Dith-y-ram'bus 

* Dit-i-o'nes 
Dit'ta-ni 3 

t Di'um 
Div-i-ti'a-cus 
t Di-vo-du'run 

* Div'o-na 
Di'vus Fid'i-ui, 
Di-yllus 

* Di-ze'rus 
Do-be'res 

* Do-be'rus 
Doc'i-lis 

* Doc-i-me'urr 
Doc'i-mus 24 
Do'cle-a 
Do-do'na 
Dod-o-naa'us 
Do-do'ne 
Do-don'i-des 
Do'i-i 4 
Dol-a-bella 
Dol-i-cha'on 
Dol'i-che 1 j 

* Dol'i-chos 
Do-li'on 
Do-li'o-nes 

* Do-li'o-nis 
Doli-us 
Dol-o-me'na 

Dol-o-ine'r. 
Dolon 
Do-lon'ci 3 
Dol'o-pes 
Do-lo'pbi-on 
Do-lo'pi-a 

Dol-o-pi'on 
Dolops 

* Dom-i-du'ca 
Dom-i-du'cus 
Do-min'i-ca 
Do-mifi-a 10 
Do-mi t-i-a'nus 
Do-mi'ti-an (Eng.) 
Do-mi-til1a 
Do-mitl-us 10 

Dom-notl-num 

* Dom-nofi-nus 
Do-na'tus 
Don-i-la'us 
Do-nu'ca 
Do-ny'sa 
Do-rac'te 

* Dor-ce'a 
Do'ree 

t Do'ri, Dor'i-ca 4 i 
Dorl-cus 

* Dorl-das 



i Delphi. — This word was, formerly, universally written 
Delphos ; till Mr. Cumberland, a gentleman no less remark- 
able for bis classical erudition than his dramatic abilities, in 
his Widow of Ddphi, rescued it from the vulgarity in which 
it had been so long involved. 



2 Diomedes. — All words ending in edes have the same ao 
centuation^ as, Archimedes, Diomedes, &c. The same may be 
observed of words ending in icles and odes ; as, Iphicles 
Damocles, Androcles, &c.- See the Terminational Vocabu 



2U 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 



DU 
Do-ri-en'ses 
\ Do-ri-e'us 
Dorl-las 
Dor-i-la'us 
Do'ri-on 
Do'ris 
Do-ris'cus 
Do'ri-um 
Do'ri-us 

* Do-ros'to-lum 
Do-ros'to-rum 
Dor-sen'nus 
Dor'so 
Do'rus 
Do-ry'a-sus 6 

v Dor'y-clus 
Do-ry'clus 
Dor-y-liB'um or 

Dor-y-las'us 
Dor'y-las 
Dor-y-la'us 

* Do-ryph'o-ri 
Do-rys'sus 
Dos'ci 

\ Do-si'a-das 
Do-si'a-des 

* Do-sith'e-us 
Do-se'nus 

\ Do'son 

Dofa-das 

Do'to 

Do'tus 

Dox-an'der 

Dra-ca'nus 

* Drac'a-nus 
Dra'co 
Dra-con'ti-des 

* Drac'o-num 
Dra'cus 

* Dra-ho'nus 
Dran'ces 
Dran-gi-a'na 
Dran-gi'na 
Dra'pes 
Drep'a-na or 

Drep'a-num 
Drim'a-chus 

* Dri-od'o-nes 
Dri-op'i-des 
Dri'os 

Dro'i 3 

* Dro-mach'e-tus 
Dro-mse'us 
Drop'i-ci 4 
Dro'pi-on 
Dru-en'ti-us or 

Dru-en'ti-a 10 

* Dru-ge'ri 
Dru'ge-ri 3 
Dru'i-das 
Druids (Eng.) 
Dru-sMa Liv'i-a 
Dru'so 
Dru'sus 
Dry'a-des 
Dry'ads (Eng.) 
Dry-an-ti'a-des or 

Dry-an'ti-des 

* Dry-an-ti'des 
Dry-ma3'a 
Dry'mo 

* Dry-mo'des 
Dry'mus 

* Dry-ngem'e-tum 
Dry'o-pe 
Dry-o-pe'i-a 5 
Dry'o-pes 

Dry'o-pis or Dry-op'i-da 

Dry'ops 

Dryp'e-tis 

f Du-bis 

f Du'bris 

Du-ce'ti-us 10 

Du-illi-a 

Du-illi-us Ne'pos 

Du-lich'i-um 

* Du-lop'o-lis 
Dum'no-rix 
Du'nax 



ED 

* Du'ra-nus 
Du-ra'ti-us 10 

* Du'ra-to 
Du'ri-us 

* Du-ro-cor'to-rum 
Du-ro'ni-a 
Du-um'vi-ri 
Dy-a-gon'das 
Dy-ar-den'ses 
Dy'mae 
Dy-mas'i 3 
Dy'mas 
Dym'nug 
Dy-nam'e-ne 
Dy-nas'te 

Dy'ras 6 

Dy-ras'pes 

tDy'ris 

Dy-ra'chi-um 

Dy-sau'les 

Dys-ci-ne'tus 

Dy-so'rum 

* Dy-so'rus 
Dys-pon'ti-i 4 



E. 



E'A-NES 

E-a'nus 

E-ar'i-nus 

E-a'si-um 

Eb'do-me 

* Eb'o-da 
tE'bon 

t Eb'o-ra 

E-bor'a-cum , -ra'cnm(P.) 

* Eb'o-rum 

* Eb-ro-i'ces 
tE-bu'dae 

* Eb'u-ra 

* Eb'u-ro 
Eb-u-ro'nes 

* Eb-u-ro-vi'ces 
Eb'u-sus 
Ec-a-me'da 
Ec-bafa-na 
Ec-e-chir'i-a or 

Es-e-kir'i-a 
t E-ce'tra 

* E-che'ee 
E-chec'ra-tes or 

E-kek'ra-tes 

* Ech'e-dae 
Ech-e-da'mi-a 30 

* Ech-e-da-mi'a 
E-chel'a-tus 
E-chel'ta 
Ech'e-lus 
E-chem'bro-tus 
E-che'mon 
Ech'e-mus 
Ech-e-ne'us 
Ech'e-phron 
E-chep'o-lis 

* Ech-e-polus 
E-ches'tra-tus 

* Ech'e-tla 

* Ech'e-tra 

* Ech'e-tus 
E-chev-e-then'ses 
E-chid'na 
Ech-i-do'ru9 
E-chin'a-des 
E-chi'non 
E-chi'nus 
Ech-i-nus'sa 
E-chi'on 29 
E-chi-on'i-des 
E-chi-o'ni-us 

* E'chius 
E'cho 

t Ec-no'mos 
E-des'sa or E-de'sa 
E-dis'sa 
E'don 

* E-do'nes 
*Ed'o-nes 



EM 

E-do'ni 3 

* E-du'sa 
E-dyl'i-us 
E-e'ti-on 10 

* E-gale-os 
E-gel'i-dus 
E-ge'ri-a 
E-ges-a-re'tus 
Eg-e-si'nus 
E-ges'ta 

* E-ge'ta 
Eg-na'ti-a 10 
Eg-na'ti-us 10 
E-i'on 26 
E-i'o-nes 
E-i-o'ne-us or E-jo'ne-us 

* E-i-zelus 
El-a-bon'tas 
E-lse'a 
E-laa'us 

* E-laMi-ti'chus 
El-a-ga-balus or 

El-a-gab'a-lus 

* E-la'is 
El-a-i'tes 
E-la'i-us 
El-a-phe-boli-a 
El-a-phi-as'a 
El'a-phus 
El-ap-to'ni-us 
E-la'ra 
El-a-te'a 
E-la'tus 

* El'a-tus 
E-la'ver 
E1e-a 
E-le-a'tes 
E-lec'tra 
E-lec'trge 
E-lec'tri-des 
E-lec'try-on 

* El-e-gi'a 
E-le'i 
El-e-le'us 
Ele-on 
E-le-on'tum 

* El-e-phan'ti-ne 
El-e-phan'tis 
El-e-phan-toph'a-gi 

* El-e-phan-to-the'raJ 
El-e-pne'nor 
El-e-po'rus 

* El-eu-chi'a 
Ele-us 
El-eu-sin'i-a 22 

* El-eu-si'nus 
E-leu'sis 
E-leu'ther 
E-leu'tbe-ra3 
El-eu-the'ri-a 
E-leu-ther-o-cil'i-ces 

* E-leu-tbe-ro-la-co'nes 

* E-leu'the-rus 
E-leu'tho 

t E-leu'the-ros 
E-lic'i-us 10 24 
E4i-en'sis or E-li'a-ca 
El-i-me'a 
El-i-pha'si-i 4 
Elis 

* E-li'sa 
E-lis'sa 
E-lis'sus 

* E-lo'ne 
El-lo'pi-a 
E-lo'rus 
Elos 
El-pe'nor 
El-pi-ni'ce 
El-u-i'na 
El'y-ces 
El-y-ma'is 
Ely-mi 
El'y-mus 
El'y-rus 

* El'y-sa 
E-lys'i-um 
E-ma'thi-a 
E-ma'thi-on 



EP 
Em'ba-tum 
Em-bo-li'ma 
E-mer'i-ta 

E-mes'sa or E-mis'sa 
E-mo'da or E-mo'dus 

* E-mo'di 
Em-ped'o-cles 

* Em'pe-dus 
Era-pe-ra'mu3 
Em-po'clus 
Em-po'ri-a 

t Em-po'ri-EB 
Em-pu'sa 

* Em-pyr'i-um 

* E-nses'i-mus 
En-cel'a-dus 
En-chele-ae 12 
En'de-is 
En-de'ra 

* En-de'rum 
En-dym'i-on 
E-ne'ti 

* En'e-ti 

* En-gon'a-sis 
En-gy'um 
E-ni-en'ses 
E-ni-o'pe-us 
E-ni'pe-us 
E-nis'pe 8 
En'na 
En'ni-a 
En'ni-us 
En'no-mus 
En-nos-i-gee'us 
En'o-pe 
E'nops 
E'nos 

En-o-sic'thon 
E-not-o-coa'tsu 
En-tella 
En-tel'lus 
E-ny-ali-us 
E-ny'o 6 
E'o-ne 

E'os 
E-o'us 

* E-psen'e-tus 
E-pa'gris 
E-pam-i-non'das 
Ep-an-teli-i 4 
E-paph-ro-di'tus 
Ep'a-phus 
Ep-as-nac'tu3 
E-peb'o-lus 
E-pe'i 3 

* Ep-e-tri'mi 
E-pe'us 

* E-phelai 
Eph'e-sus 
Eph'e-tae 
E-phi-al'tes 
Eph'o-ri 3 
Eph'o-rus 

* Eph'ra-ta 
Eph'y-ra 

* Eph'y-re 

* Ep-i-ca'rus 
Ep-i-cas'te 
Ep-i-cer'i-des 
Ep-i-cha'i-des 
E-pich'a-ris 
Ep-i-char'mus 
Ep'i-cles 
Ep-i-cli'des 

* Ep-ic-ne-mid'i i 
E-pic'ra-tes 

* Ep-i-cre'ne 
Ep-ic-te'tus 

* Ep-i-cu-ro'i 
Ep-i-cu'rus 
E-pic'y-des 24 

* Ep-i-cy-di'des 

* Ep-i-dam-ne'us 
Ep-i-dam'nus 
Ep-i-daph'ne 
E-pi-dau'ri-a 
Ep-i-dau'rus 

t Ep-id'i-um 
E-pid'i-us 



EK 
Ep-i-do'tse 

* E-pid'o-tus 
E-pig'e-nes 
E-pig'e-us 
E-pig'o-ni 3 
E-pig'o-nus 

t Ep-i-gra'ne-a 

E-pi'i or E-pe'i 

E-pil'a-ris 

Ep-i-mel'i-des 

E-pim'e-nes 

Ep-i-men'i-des 

Ep-i-me'the-us 

Ep-i-me'this 

E-pi'o-chus 12 

E-pi'o-ne 8 

t Ep-i-pha'ne-a, j-ne'a 

* Ep-i-pha-ni'a 
E-piph'a-nes 
Ep-i-pha'ni-us 
f E-pip'o-lae 
E-pi'rus 

f E-pis-co-pi'um 

E-pis'tro-phus 

E-pit'a-des 

* Ep-i-the'ras 

* Ep'i-tos 
E'pi-um 
Ep'o-na 

* E-pon'y-mus 

* E-po'pe 
E-po'pe-u3 
Ep-o-red'o-rix 
Ep'u-lo 
E-pyfi-des 
Ep'y-tus 
Eq-ua-jus'ta 
E-quic'o-lus 
E-quirl-a 

* Eq'ui-tes 
Eq-uo-tu'tf cum 
Er'a-con 
E-ra3'a 
Er-a-se'nus 

* Er-a-si'nus , 
Er-a-sip'pus 
Er-a-sis'tra-tus 
Er'a-to 

Er-a-tos'the-nea 
Er-a-tos'tra-tus 
E-ra'tus 
Er-bes'sus 

t Er-chi'a 
Er'e-bus 

* Er-ech-the'um 
E-rech'the-us 

* Er-ech-thi'da) 
E-rech'thi-des 
E-rem'bi 3 
E-re'mus 
Er-e-ne'a 
E-res'sa 

E-re'sus or * Er'e-sua 
E-re'tri-a 
E-re'tum 
Er-eu-tha'li-on 29 
Er'ga-ne 

Er-gan'i-ca 
Er-gen'na 
Er'gi-as 
Er-gi'nus 
Er-gin'nus 
Er-i-boe'a 

Er-i-bo'tes 

Er-i-ca'tes 

Er-i-ce'a 
Er-i-ce'tes 
E-rich'tho 
Er-icli-tho'ni-us 
Er-i-cin'i-um 
Er-i-cu'sa 
E-rid'a-nus 1 

* Er-ig-du'pu3 
E-rig'o-ne 

t E-rig-o-ne'i-ua 

E-rig'o-nus 

Er-i-gy'us 

E-rillus 

E-rin'des 



£ridcn.us. — 

Alpheus and Eridanus the strong, 



That rises deep, and stately rolls along. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v. 520 



GREEK AND LA/TIN PROPER NAMES. 



EU 

* E-rin'e-os 
E-rin'na 
E-rin'nys 
E-ri'o-pis 
E-riph'a-nia 
E-riph'i-das 
Er-i-phyle 
E'ris 

Er-tsich'tlion 
Erl-thus 
E-rix'o 
E-ro'chus 

E-ro'pus and ^r'o-; 
E'ros 

E-ros'tra-tua 
E-ro'ti-a 10 
Er-ru'ca 

Er'se 

Er'xi-as 

\ E-ry'a-lus 

E-ryb'i-um 

Er-y-ci'na 

Er-y-man'this 

Er-y-man'thus 

Er'y-mas 

E-rym'na 

E-rym'ne-us 

Ery-mus 

* Er-ys-the'a 
Er-y-the'a 1 

* Er-y-thi'a 
Er-y-thi'ni 4 

\ Er-y-thse'um 
Er'y-thra 

* E-ryth-ra-bo'lus 
Ery-thrse 
Er'y-thras 
E-ryth'ri-on 
E-ryth'ros 
E'ryx 

E-ryx'o 
E-ser'nus 
Es-quil'i-ae and 
Es-qui-li'nus 
Es-sed'o-nes 
Es'sen-es 
Es'su-i 3 
\ Es-ti-ae-o'tis 
Es-ti-ai'a 7 
Es'u-la 
Et-e-ar'chus 
E-te'o-cles 
E-te'o-clus 
Et-e-o-cre'tss 
E-te'o-nes 
E-te-o'ne-us 
E-te-o-ni'cus 30 

* E-te-o'nus 
E-te'si-ee 11 
E-thali-on 20 
E-theae-um 

* E-thelus 
E-the'mon 
Eth'o-da 
E'ti-as 10 
E'tis 
E-tru'ri-a 

\ E-trus'ci 

Efy-lus 

Eu'ba-ges 

Eu-ba'tas 

EuIdi-us 

Eu-boe'a 

Eu-bo'i-cus 

Eu'bo-te 

Eu'bo-tes 

Eu-bule 8 

Eu-buTi-des 

Eu-bulus 



EU 
Eu-ce'rus 
Eu-che'nor 
Eu'chi-des 
Eu-cli'des 
Eu'clid (Eng.) 
Eu'clus 
Eu'cra-te 
Eu'cra-tes 
Eu'cri-tus 
Euc-te'mon 
Euc-tre'si-i 4 
Eu-dae'mon 
Eu-dam'i-das 
Eu'da-mus or 
* Eu-da'mus 
Eu-de'mus 
Eu-do'ci-a 
Eu-doc'i-mus 
Eu-do'ra 
Eu-do'rus 
Eu-dox'i-a 
Eu-dox'ua 

* Eu-el-ge' 
Eu-e-mer'i-daa 

* Eu-es'pe-ris 
Eu-ga'ne-i 3 
Eu-ge'ni-a 

t Eu-ge'ni-um 

Eu-ge'ni-us 

Eu'ge-on 

* Eu-gi'a 
Eu-hem'e-rus 

* Eu'hy-dra 
Eu'hy-drum 
Euliy-us 
Eu-lim'e-ne 
Eu-ma'chi-us 12 
Eu-mae'us 

* Eu-ma'ras 

* Eu-me'ces 
Eu-me'des 
Eu-melis 
Eu-melus 
Eu'me-lus 
Eu'me-nes2 
Eu-me'ni-a (a woman) 

* Eu-me-ni'a (a city) 
Eu-men'i-des 
Eu-me-nid'i-a 
Eu-me'ni-us 
Eu-mol'pe 
Eu-mol'pi-dae 
Eu-mol'pus 
Eu-mon'i-des 

* Eu'ne-os 
Eu-nas'us 
Eu-na'pi-us 

* Eu-ni'ce 
Eu-no'mi-a 
Eu'no-mus 

* Eu-nu'chus 
Eu'nus 

* Eu'o-dus 

t Eu-on'y-mos 
Eu'o-ras 
Eu-pa'gi-um 
Eu-pal'a-mon 

* Eu-pal'a-mos 
Eu-pal'a-mus 
Eu'pa-tor 
Eu-pa-to'ri-a 

* Eu-paf o-ris 
Eu-pei'thes 
Eu'pha-es 
Eu-phan'tus 
Eu-phe'me 
Eu-pbe'raus 
Eu-phorTms 
Eu-pho'ri-on 



EU 
t Eu-pbra'nor 
Eu-phra'tes 
Eu'phi on 
Eu-phros'y-ne 

* Eu-pi'tbes 
Eu-plas'a or Eu-ploe'a 
Eu'po-lis 

* Eu-polus 
Eu-pom'pus 
Eu-ri-a-nas'sa 
Eu-rip'i-des 
Eu-ri'pus 

* Eu-ro-aq'ui-lo 

* Eu-rocly-don 
Eu-ro'mus 

* Eu-ron'o-tus 
Eu-ro'pa 
Eu'rope (Eng.) 
Eu-ro-pae'us 
Eu'rops 

* Eu-ro'pus 
Eu-ro'tas 
Eu-ro'to 

* Eu-ro'us 
Eu'rus 
Eu-ry'a-le 8 
Eu-ry'a-lus 
Eu-ryb'a-tes 
Eu-ryb'i-a 
Eu-ry-bi'a-des 
Eu-ryb'i-us 

* Eu-ryb'o-tus 
Eu-ry-cle'a 
Eu'ry-cles 
Eu-ry-cli'des 
Eu-ryc'ra-tes 
Eu-ry-crat'i-das 
Eu-ryd'a-mas 
Eu-ryd'a-me 
Eu-ry-dam'i-das 
Eu-ryd'i-ce 

* Eu-ry-elus 
Eu-ry-ga'ni-a 
Eu-ryl'e-on 
Eu-ryl'o-chus 
Eu-rym'a-chus 
Eu-rym'e-de 
Eu-rym'e-don 
Eu-rym'e-nes 
Eu-ryn'o-me 
Eu-ryn'o-mus 
Eu-ry'o-ne 
Eu'ry-pon 

* Eu-ry-pon'ti-aaa 
Eu-ryp'y-le 
Eu-ryp'y-lus 
Eu-rys'the-nes 
Eu-rys-then'i-das 
Eu-rys'the-us 
Eu'ry-te 
Eu-ryt'e-» 
Eu-ryfe-le 

t Eu-ry-tbe'mis 
Eu-ryth'i-on and 

Eu-ryt'i-on 
Eu'ry-tis 
Eu'ry-tus 

* Eu'se-bes 
Eu-selji-a (a woman) 

* Eu-se-bi'a (a city) 
Eu-se'bi-us 

* Eu-sem'a-ta 
Eu'se-pus 
Eu-sta'thi-us 
Eu-stoli-a 
Eu-stoli-us 
Eu-tEB'a 
Eu-tel'i-das 
Eu-ter'pe 



FA 

Eu-thali-a 3 
Eu-thali-us 

* Eu-the'nae 
Eu-tbyc'ra-tes 
Eu-tby-de'mus 
Eu-tby'mus 

* Eu-tbyn'o-ns 
Eu-trap'e-lus 

* Eu-tre'sis 
Eu-tro'pi-a 
Eu-tro'pi-us 
Eu'ty-ches 
Eu-tycb'i-de 
Eu-tych'i-des 

* Eu'ty-cbus 
Eux-an'thi-us 
Eux'e-nus 

* Eux yn'the-tus 
Eux-i'nus Pon'tua 
Eux-ip'pe 
E-vad'ne 
Ev'a-ges 

* Ev'a-gon 
E-vag'o-ras 
E-vag'o-re 
EVan 
E-van'der 
E-van'ge-lus 
Ev-an-gorl-des 
E-van'thes 
E-var'chus 
E'vas 

E'vax 

E-vel'tbon 

E-vem'e-rus 

* E-ve'nor 
E-ve'nus 
Ev-e-phe'nus 
Ev'e-res 
E-ver'ge-tce 
E-ver'ge-te3 

t Ev-es-per'i-des 

E-vip'pe 8 

E-vip'pus 

Ex-a'di-us 

Ex-as'thes 

Ex-ag'o-nus 

* Ex-om'a-tse 
Ex-ona'a-tras 

* Ex-qnil'i-a 



t FA-BATtl-A 
Fab'a-ris 
FaTn-a 7 
Fa-bi-a'ni 4 
FaTai-i 3 
Fa'bi-us 
Fab-ra-te'ri-a 
Fa-bric'i-us 24 
Fa-bulla 
f Fa-cel'i-na 
* Fac-e-li'na 
Fa'dus 
Faes'u-la3 
Fal-cid'i-a 
t Fa-le'ri-a 
Fa-le'ri-i 4 
Fal-e-ri'na 
Fa-ler'nus 
Fa-lis'ci 3 
Fa-lis'cus 
Fa'ma 
Fan'ni-a 
Fan'ni-i 4 
Fan'ni-us 



FO 

Farfa-rus 

* Far'si-na 
Fas'ce-lis 
Fas-celli-uit 

* Fa-tic'a-nus 
Fau-cu'la 
Faula 
Fau'na 
Fau-naTi-a 
Fau'ni 3 
Fau'nus i 
Faus'ta 
Fau-sti'na 3 

* Fau-sti'nus 
Faus'ti-tas 
Faus'tu-lua 
Faus'tus 
Fa-ven'ti-a 10 
Fa-ve'ri-a 
Fa'vo 

t Fav-o-ri'nus 
Feb'ru-a 
Fe-ci-a'les 
Fel'gi-rias 

* Fe-lic'i-taa 

* Fel'si-na 
Fen-es-tel'la 
f Fen'ni 
Fe-rali-a 
Fer-en-ti'num 
Fe-ren'tum or 

t Fo-ren'tum 
Fe-re'tri-us 
Fe-ro'ni-a 
Fes-cen'ni-a 

* Fes-cen-ni'nus 
t Fes'cu-lre 
Fes'tus 
Fi-bre'nus 
Fi-cul'ne-a 
Fi-de'na or Fi-de'ntM 
t Fid-e-na'tes 
Fi-den'ti-a 

* Fid-en-ti'mi3 
Fi'des 
Fi-dic'u-las 
Fim'bri-a 
Fir'mi-us 
Fis-cerlus 
Flac'cus 
Fla-celli-a 
Fla-cil'la 
Fla-cilla ^'li-a 

* Flam'i-nes 
Fla-min'i-a 
Fla-min'i-us or 

Flam-i-ni'nus 
Fla'vi-a 
Fla-vi-a'num 

* Fla-vi'na 
Fla-vin'i-a 
Fla-vi-ob'ri-ga 
Fla'vi-ns 

* Fla-vo'na 
Flo'ra 
Flo-rali-a 

* Flo-ralis 

t Flo-ren'ti-a 

Flo-ri-a'nus 

Flo'rus 

Flu-o'ni-a 

Foli-a 

* Fon-ta'nus 
Fon-te'i-a 5 
Fon-te'i-us Cap'i-to 
For'mi-ae 
For-mi-a'num 
For'nax 
For-tu'na 



■ Erythea.— 
Chrysaor, Love tbe guide, Callirrhoe led, 
Daughter of Ocean, to tbe genial bed, 
Whence Geryon sprung, fierce with his triple head ; 
Whom Hercules laid breathless on the ground 
In Erythea, which the waves surround. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v. 523. 
[The Greek is 'EpvOda.— Trollope.] 

2 Eumenes.—lt is not a little surprising that so elegant a 
writer as Hughes should, throughout the whole tragedy of 
the Siege of Damascus, accent this word on the penultimate 
syllable ; especially a£ there is not a 3ingle proper name of 



more than two syllables in tbe Greek or Latin languages, ol 
this termination, which has the penultimate syllable long. 
Lee has done the same in the tragedy of Alexander, which 
would lead us to suppose there is something naturally re- 
pugnant to an English ear in the antepenultimate accentua- 
tion of these words, and something agreeable in the penult- 
imate. 

3 Eutkalia. — Labbe observes, that this word does not come 
from the muse Thalia, as some suppose, but from the mas- 
cuUne Euthalius, as Eulatia, Eumenia, Eustolia, Eutropia, 
Emmelia, Sec, which are professedly accented on the ante- 
penultimate. — See Rule 29. 



28 



GREEK AJND LATIN PROPER NAMEb. 



GA 

For'u-li 

Fo'rum Ap'pi-i 
Fran'ci 3 
Fre-gella 7 
Fre-ge'nae 
Fren-ta'ni 3 
Frig'i-dus 
Fris'i-i 4 
Fron'ti-nus 

* Fron-ti'nus 
Fron'to 
Fru'si-no 
Fu-ci'na 
Fu-ci'nus 

*•' Fu'ci-nus 
Fu-fid'i-us 
Fu'fi-us Gem'i-nus 
t Fu-gali-a 
Ful-gi-na'tes 
Ful-gi'nus 
Ful'li-num and 

Ful-gi'num 
Ful'vi-a 
Ful'vi-us 
Fun-da'nus 
Fun'di 3 
Fu'ri-a 
Fu'ri-ae 
Fu'ri-i 4 
Fu-ri'na 
Fu-ri'naB 
Fu'ri-us 
Fur'ni-us 
Fus'cus 

* Fus-ci'na 
Fu'si-a 11 
Fu'si-us 10 



G. 



GAB'A-LES 
' Gab'a-lus 

* Gab'a-rus 
Gab'a-za 
Ga-be'ne and Ga-bi-e 
Ga-bi-e'nus 
Ga1)i-i 4 

Ga-bi'na 
Ga-bin'i-a 
Ga-bin-i-a'nus 20 
Ga-bin'i-us 
•" Ga-bi'nus 

* Gad'a-ra 

Ga'des and t Ga-di'ra 

Gad-i-ta'nus 

Gae-sa'tas 

* Gee-tali 
Gee-tuTi-a 
Gas-tuli-cus 
Ga-laTm-i 4 
Gal-ac-toph'a-gi 3 
Ga-laj'sus 
Ga-lan'this 
Gal'a-ta 7 
Gal'a-tae 
Gal-a-tae'a and 

Gal-a-thae'a 

* Gal-a-te'a 
Ga-la'ti-a 10 
Ga-lax'i-a 
Gal'ba 

* Gal'bu-la 
Ga-le'nus 
Ga-le'o-lae 

* Ga-le-o'taB 
Ga-le'ri-a 
Ga-le'ri-us 
Ga-le'sus 
Gal-i-lae'a 
Ga-lin-thi-a'di-a 
Gal'li 3 



GE 
Galli-a 
Gaul (Eng.) 
Gal-li-ca'nus 

* Gal-lic'i-nus 

* Galli-cus 
Gal-li-e'nus 
Gal-li-na'ri-a 
Gal-lip'o-lis 

* Gal-li'ta 
Gal-lo-grsB'ci-a 
Gal-lo'ni-us 
Gal'lus 
Ga-max'us 

* Gam-bre'um 
Ga-meli-a 
Gan-da-ri't89 
Gan'ga-ma 
Gan-gar'i-dse 

* Gan-gar'i-des 
Gan'ges 

* Gan-ge'tis 
Gan-nas'cus 
Gan-y-me'de 
Gan-y-me'des 
Gan'y-mede (Eng.) 
Ga-rastfi-cum 
Gar-a-man'tes 
Gar-a-man'tis 
Gar'a-mas 
Gar'a-tas 
Ga-re'a-tae 
Ga-re-ath'y-ra 
Gar-ga'nus 1 
Gar-ga'phi-a 
Gar'ga-ra 7 

Gar-gar'i-dae 

Gar'ga-ris 

t Gar'ga-rus 

| Gar-getftus 

Gar-git'ti-us 

Ga-ril'i-us 

Ga-ri'tes 

Ga-rum'na 

Gas'tron 

Ga'the-se 4 

Ga-the'a-tas 
'ne 1 1 Gau-ga-mela 

I Gau'lus or Gaule-on 
I* Gau-ra'nus 

Gau'rus 

Ga'us or Ga'os 

* Ga-zo'rus 
Ge-ben'na 9 

* Ge-dro'si 
Ge-dro'si-a 11 
Gc-ga'ni-i 4 
Gela 
Ge-la'nor 
GeHi-a 
Gelli-as 
Gelli-us 
Gelo or Gelon 
Gel'o-i 

* Ge-lo'i 

Gel'o-nes or Ge-lo'ni 
Gelos 

* Gem'i-ni 
Ge-min'i-us 
Gem'i-nus 

* Ge-mi'nus 
Ge-na'bum 
Ge-nau'ni 

* Ge-ne'tes 
Ge-ne'va, Ge-na'va, (P.) 

* Gen'e-va 
Ge-ni'sus 
Ge'ni-us 

* Gen-na'i-des 

* Ge-no'ni 
Gen'se-ric 
Gen'ti-us 10 
Gen'u-a 
Ge-nu'ci-us 10 



GN 
Ge-mi'sus 

* Gen'u-sus 
Ge-nu'ti-a 11 

* Gen'y-sus 

* Ge-om'o-ri 
Ge-or'gi-ca 
Geofgics (Eng.) 
Ge-phy'ra 
Geph-y-rae'i 

* Ge-phy'res 

* Geph-y-ro'te 

* Gep'i-dae 
Ge-raes'tus 

* Ger-a-ne'a 
Ge-ra'ni-a 
Ge-ran'thrae 

* Ger'a-sa 

* Ge-re'a 
Ge-res'ti-cus 
Ger'gi-thum 9 
Ger-go'bi-a 
Ge'ri-on 
Ger-ma'ni-a 
Gefma-ny (Eng.) 

* Ger-man-i-ci'a 
Ger-man'i-cus 
Ger-ma'ni-i 4 

* Ger-ma'nus 

* Ger-on-te'us 
Ge-ron'thrae 
Ger'rhae 

Ge'rus and GerWius 
Ge'ry-on 9 and 
Ge-ry'o-nes 

* Ge-sith'o-us 
Ges'sa-tae 

t Ges-so-ri'a-cum 
Ges'sos 
Ges'sus 
Ge'ta 9 
Ge'tse 

Ge-thos'y-ne 

Geth-sem'a-ni 

Gefi-cus 
Ge-tuli-a 
Gi-gan'tes 

Gig-an-te'us 
Gi-gartum 
Gi'gis 

Gi-go'nus 
Gil'do 
Gillo 

Gin-da'nes 
Gin'des 
Gin'ge 
Gin-gu'num 
Gip'pi-us 
Gis'co 
Gla-di-a-to'ri-i Lu'di 

Glan-do-me'rum 
Gla'nis 
Gla'nura 
Glaph'y-re and 

Glaph'y-ra 
Glaph'y-rus 
Glau'ce 
Glau'ci-a 
Glau-cip'pe 
Glau-cip'pus 
Glau'con 
Glau-con'o-me 
Glau-co'pis 
Glau'cus 
Glau'ti-as 
Gli'con 
Glis'sas 
Glyc'e-ra 
Gly-ce'ri-um 
Gly'con 
Glym'pes 
Gna'ti-a 13 10 
Gni'dus 
Gnos'sia 10 or Gnos'sis 



GY 

Gnos'sus 

Gob-a-nifi-o 10 

Go'bar 

Gob'ares 

Go'bry-as 

Gol'gi 

* Gom'o-ra 
Gom'phi 
Go-na'tas 
Go-ni'a-des 
Go-nip'pus 
Gon'ni 
Go-noes'sa 
Go-nus'sa 
Gor-di-a'nus 

* Gor-di-e'um 

* Gor-di-u-co'mon 
Goi-'di-um 
Gor'di-us 

* Gor-di-u-ti'chus 
Gor-ga'sus 
Gor'ge 
Gor'gi-as 
Goi-'go 
Gor'go-nes 

* Gor-go'ne-us 
Gor-go'ni-a 
Gor-go'ni-us 
Gor-goph'o-ne 
Gor-goph'o-ra 

Gor-go'pis 
Gor'gus 
Gor-gyth'i-on 
Gortu-ae 
Gor'tyn, Gor'tys, or 

Gor-ty'na 
Gor-tyn'i-a 

Go-tho'nes 
Got'thi 3, Go'thi (P.) 
Grac'chus 12 
Gra-di'vus 
Gras'ci 3 
Grae'ci-a 11 
Grae'ci-a Mag'na 
Grae-ci'nus 

Gra5-cos'ta-sis 
Grae'cus 
Gra'i-us 

Gra-ju'ge-na3 
Gra-ni'cus or Gran'i-cus 2 
Gra'ni-us 

Gra-te'ae In'su-lae 
Gra'ti-aa 10 
Gra-ti-a'nus 21 
Gra-tid'i-a 
Gra'ti-on 11 
Gra'ti-us 10 
Gra'vi-i 4 
Gra-vis'cae 
Gra'vi-us 
Gre-go'ri-us 
Greg'o-ry (Eng.) 
Grin'nes 

Gro-ne'a 
Gros'phus 
GryHus 
Gry-ne'um 
Gry-ne'us 
Gry-ni'um 

Gy'a-ra 
Gy'a-rus and Gy'a-ros 
Gy'as 
Gy-gae'us 
Gy'ge 
Gy'ges 9 or Gy'ea 

Gyl-a-ce'a 
Gy-lip'pus 
Gym-na'si-a 11 
Gym-na'si-um 
Gym-ne'si-ae 11 
Gym'ne-tes 

Gym-ne'tes 

Gym-no-pai-di'a 



HA 
Gym-nos-o-phis'taa 
Gym-nos'o-phists (Eng.) 
Gy-naa'ce-as 
Gy-nas-co-thoe'nas 
Gyn'des 
* Gyr-to'na 
Gy-the'um 



H. 



HA'BIS 

Ha-dri-a-nop'o-lla 
Ha-dri-a'nus 23 
Ha-dri-afi-cum 

* Had-y-le'um 
Hae'mon 
Hae-mo'ni-a 

83m'o-U,'9 

Hae'mus 

Ha'ges 

Hag-nag'o-ra 

Hag'no 

Ha-lae'sus and Ha-le's-u* 

Hal'a-la 

Hal-cy'o-ne 8 

t Ha-len'tum 

t Hal'e-sa, $ Ha-le'sa 

Ha-le'si-us 11 

Ha-le'sus 
Hali-a 
Ha-li-ac'mon 21 

Ha-li-ae'e-tus 
Ha-li-ar'tus 21 

Hal-i-car-nas'se-iw 
Hal-i-car-nas'sus 
Ha-lic'y-33 1] 24 
Ha-li'e-is 
Ha-lim'e-de 
Hal-ir-rho'ti-us 10 
Hal-i-ther'sus 

* Ha-li'iim 
Hali-us 20 
Hal-i-zo'nes 21 

Hal-mo'nes 
Hal'mus 
Hal-my-des'sus 

Hal'my-ris 

Hal-my-ro'tes 

Ha-lo'a 
Ha-loc'ra-tes 
Ha-lo'ne 
Hal-on-ne'sus 
Ha-lo'ti-a 10 
Ha-lo'tus 
Haaus 
Ha-ly-ae'tus 
Ha-ly-aftes 
f Ha-ly'cus 
Halys 

Ha-lyz'i-a 11 
Ham-a-dry'a-des 

* Ha-mad'ry-as 
Ham-ar-tolus 

Ha-max'i-a 

Ha-max'i-tus 

Ham-ax-o'bi-i 
Ha-mil'car 
Ha-millus 
Ham'mon 
Han'ni-bal 
Har'ca-lo 
Har-ma-te'li-a 
Har'ma-tris 

Har'ma-tus 

Har-men-o-pulus 
Har-mo'di-us 
Har-mo'ni-a 
Har-mon'i-des 

* Har-mos'y-ni 
Har'mo-zon 
Har-pa'gi-a 



' Garganus. — 

And high Garganus, on th' Apulian plain, 
Is mark'd by sailors on the distant main. 

Wilkie, Epigoniad. 
LVirg., ^n., xi, 247, Victor Gargani, &c.—Trollope.] 
2 Granicus. — As Alexander's passing the River Granicus 
te a common subject of history, poetry, and painting:, it is 



not wonderful that the common ear should have given in 
to a pronunciation of this word more agreeable to English 
analogy than the time classical accent on the penultimate 
syllable. The accent on the first syllable is now so fixed 
as to make the other pronunciation savor of pedantry. — 
[That is, if correct speaking is pedantry.— Trollope]—Sefl 
Andronicus. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



29 



HE 

* Har-pag'i-des 
Har'pa-gus 
Har-pal'i-ce 
Har-pali-on 
Har'pa-lus 
Har-pal'y-ce 1 
Har-pal'y-cus 
Har'pa-sa 
Har'pa-sus 
Har-poc'ra-tes 

* Har-py'i-a 
Har-py'i-ae 4 
Har'pies (Eng.) 
i Har'u-des 

* Ha-ru'des 
Ha-rus'pex 

* Has-by'te 
Has'dru-bal 
Ha-te'ri-us 
Haus'ta-nes 

* He-au-ton-ti-mo-ru'- 
me-nos 

Heb'do-le 

* Heb'do-me 
HeTae 8 
He-be'sus 

* Heb'ri-nus 

* He-brom'a-gum 
' He-brom'a-nus 
He^rus 

* He-bu'des 
Hec'a-le 
Hec-a-le'si-a 
Hec-a-me'de 
f Hec'a-tfe 
Hec-a-tae'us 
Hec'a-te 8 
Hcc'ate (Eng.) 
Hec-a-te'si-a 11 
r Hec'a-to 
Hec-a-tora-bo'i-a 
Hec-a-tom-pho'ni-a 
Hec-a-tom'po-lis 
Hec-a-tom'py-los 

* Hec-a-tom'py-lus 

* Hec-a-ton-ne'si 

* Hec-te'nae 
Hector 
Hec'u-ba 

* Hec'y-ra 
Hed'i-la 

t Hed-o-nas'um 

* Hed'u-es 
Hed'u-i 3 

* Hed'y-lus 
He-dym'e-les 
He-gel'o-chus 
He-ge'mon 1 
Heg-e-si'a-nax 
He-ge'si-as 
Heg-e-sil'o-chus 
Heg-e-sin'o-us 
Heg-e-si'nus 
Heg-e-sip'pus 
Heg-e-sip'y-le 
Heg-e-sis'tra-tus 
Heg-e-syp'e-le 
Heg-e-tor'i-des 
Hel'e-na 7 
He-le'ni-a 

* Hel-e-ni'us 
He-le'nor 
Hel'e-nus 

* He'le-on 
He-ler'ni Lu'cus 

f Heles or t Ha'les 

* Heli-a 
He-li'a-des 



HE 

He-li-as'ta3 

Hel-i-ca'on 

Hel'i-ce 

Hel'i-con 

Hel-i-co-ni'a-des 

Hel-i-co'nis 

* Hel-i-me'na 

* Hel'i-mus 
He-li-o-do'rus 21 
He-li-o-gab'a-lus 2 

* He-li-o-ga-balus 
He-li-op'o-lis 
He-lis'son 

* He-li'um 
Hell-us 
He-lix'us 

* Hella-da 
Hel-lan'i-ce 
Hel-lan'i-cus 
Hel-la-noc'ra-tea 

* Hel-la-nod'i-cae 
Hellas 

Helle 8 
Hellen 
Hel-le'nes 
Hel-les-pon'tus 

* Hello-pes 
Hel-lo'pi-a 
Hel-lo'ti-a 10 
He-lo'ris 
He-lo'rum and 

He-lo'rus 
Helos 

He-lo'tse and He-lo'tes 
Helum 
Hel-ve'ti-a 10 
Hel-ve'ti-i 4 

* Hel-ve'tum 
Hel'vi-a 

t Hel-vid'i-a 

Hel'vi-i 4 

t Hel-vu"lum 

Hel-vi'na 

Hel'vi-us Cin'na 

Hel'y-mus 

He-ma'thi-on 

* Hem-e-ros-co-pi'um 

* He-mic'y-nes 
He-mith'e-a 

* He-mo'dus 
He'mon 

* He-mo'na 
He'mus 
Hen'e-ti 3 
He-ni'o-chi 3 

* He-ni-o-chi'a 
He-phaes'ti-a 

* Hepb-ses-ti'a 

t He-phaes-ti'a-dea 
He-phass'ti i 
He-phaes'ti-o 
He-phees'ti-on 11 
Hep-ta-pho'no3 
Hep-tap'o-lis 

* Hep-tap'o-rus 
Hep-tap'y-los 

* Hep-ta-yd'a-ta 
He'ra 7 
Her-a-cle'a 
Her-a-cle'i-a 

* Her'a-cles 
He-racle-um 
He-rac-le-o'tes 
Her-a-cli'da? 
Her-a-cli'des 
Her-a-cli'dis 
Her-a-cli'tus 3 
He-racli-us 



HE 

* Her-a-cli'us 
He-rse'a 
He-rse'um 

* Her-be'sus 
Her-bes'sus 
t Her-bi'ta 
Her-ce'i-us 

* Her-ce'us 
Her-cu-la'ne-um 

* Her-cu-la'ne-us 
Her'cu-les 
Her-cule-um 
Her-cule-us 
Her-cy'na 
Her-cyn'i-a 

* Her-cyn'i-us 
Her-do'ni-a 
Her-do'ni-us 
He're-a 

* He-re'a 

He-ren'ni-us Se-ne'ci-o 
He're-us 

He-ril'lus 
Her'i-lus 

* He-ri'us and * He'ri-us 
Her'ma-cbus 
Her'mae 

Her-mae'a 

Her-mse'um 

Her-mag'o-ras 

t Her-man'di-ca 

Her-man-du'ri 

Her-man'ni 

Her-maph-ro -di'tus 

t Her'mas 

Her-ma-the'na 

Her-me'as 

Her-me'i-as 

Her'mes 

Her-me-si'a-nax 

Her-mi'as 

Her-min'i-us 

Her-mi'o-ne 

* Her-mi'o-nes 
Her-mi-o'ni-a3 
Her-mi-on'i-cus Si'nus 

* Her-mi'o-nis 
Her-mip'pus 

* Her-mo-cop'i-dae 
Her-moc'ra-tes 
Her-mo-do'rus 
Her-mog'e-nes 
Her-mo-la'us 

* Her-mo'nax 

* Her-mon'do-ri 
t Her-mop'o-lis 
Her-mo-ti'mus 
Her-mun-du'ri 
Her'mus 

* Her'ni-ci 
Her-ni'ci 4 
He'ro 
He-ro'des 
Her'od (Eng.) 
He-ro-di-a'nus 21 
He-rod'i-cus 

* Her-o-di'um 
He-rod'o-tus 

* Her-o-dulus 
Her'o-es 

*t He-ro'es 
He-ro'is 
He'ron 
He-roph'i-la 

* He-ropb'i-le 
He-roph'i-lus 
He-ros'tra-tus 
Her 'pa 



HI 
Her'se 
Her-sil'i-a 
Her'tha and Her'ta 
Her'u-U 

* Her'u-lua 
He-sae'nus 
He-si'o-dus 10 
He'si-od (Eng.) 
He-si'o-ne 

* He-si'o-nes 
Hes-pe'ri-a 
Hes-perf-des 
Hes'pe-ris 

t Hes-per-i'tis 
Hes'pe-rus 
Hes'ti-a 
t Hes-ti'a 
Hes-ti-se'a 

* Hes-ti-o'nes 
He'sus 
He-sych'i-a 
He-sycM-us 
He-tric'u-lum 
He-tru'ri-a 
Heu-rip'pa 
Hex-ap'y-lum 

t Hi-ar'baa or I-arTjas 
Hi-ber'ni-a and 
Hy-ber'ni-a 

* Hi-be'rus 
Hi-bril'des 
Hic-e-ta'on 24 

* Hic'e-tas 
Hi-ce'tas 
Hi-emp'sal 
Hi'e-ra (an island) 

* Hi-e'ra (a person) 

* Hi-e-ra-co'me 
Hi-e-rap'o-lis 
Hi'e-rax 

* Hi'e-ri 

* Hi-erf-chus 
Hi'e-ro 
Hi-e-ro-ce'pi-a 

* Hi-e-ro-ce'pis 
Hi-er'o-cles 

* Hi-e-ro-cses-a-re'a 

* Hi-e-ro-duli 
Hi-e-ro-dulum 

* Hi-e-ro-ke'ryx 

t Hi-er-om-ne'mon 

* Hi-er-om-nem'o-nes 
Hi-e-ro-ne'sos 
Hi-e-ron'i-ca (Lex) 30 

* Hi-e-ro-ni'ca3 
Hi-er-o-ni'ces 
Hi-e-ron'i-cus 
Hi-e-ron'y-mus 
Hi-e-ropb'i-lus 
Hi-e-r o-sol'y-m a 
Je-ru'sa-lem, (Eng.) 

* Hi-gi'nus 
Hig-na'ti-a Vi'a 
Hi-la'ri-a 
Hi-la'ri-us 
Hil'a-ry (Eng.) 

* Hi-man-top'o-des 
Hi-inerla 
Him'e-ra 
Hi-mil'co 
Hip-pag'o-ras 

* Hip-pag're-tus 
Hip-pal'ci-mus 
Hip'pa-lus 
Hip-par'chi-a 12 
Hip-par'chus 
Hip-pa-ri'nus 
Hip-pa'ri-on 



HI 

* Hip'pa-ris 
Hip'pa-sus 
Hip'pe-us 
Hip'pi 3 
Hip'pi-a 
Hip'pi-as 
Hip'pia 
Hip'pi-us 
Hip'po 
Hip-pob'o-tes 

* Hip-pob'o-tum 
Hip-pob'o-tus 
Hip-po-cen-tau'rl 

* Hip-po-co'rae 
Hip-poc'o-on 
Hip-po-cor-ys'tea 
t Hip-poc'ra-te 
Hip-poc'ra-tes 
Hip-po-cra'ti-a 11 
Hip-pc-cre'ne* 7 
Hip-pod'a-mas 
Hip-pcd'a-me and 

Hip-po-da-mi'a 30 
Hip-pod'a-mus 
Hip-pod'i-ce 

* Hip-po-do'rus 
Hip-pod'ro-mua 
Hip'po-la 
Hip-pol'o-chus 
Hip-pol'y-te 8 
Hip-pol'y-tus 
Hip-pom'a-cbus 
Hip-pom'e-don 

t Hip-pom-e-du'sa 

Hip-pora'e-ne 

Hip-pom'e-nea 

Hip-po-mol'gi 

Hip'pon and Hip'pu 

Hip-po'na 

*t Hip-po'nax 

Hip-po-ni'a-tes 

* Hip-po-ni'cua 
Hip-po'ni-um 
Hip-pon'o-us 

* Hip-popb'a-gi 
Hip-pop'o-dea 
Hip-pos'tra-tus 
Hip-pot'a-des 
Hip'po-tas or Hip'po l< a 
Hip-potb'o-e 
Hip-poth'o-on 
Hip-potb-o-on'tia 
Hip-poth'o-us 
Hip-po'ti-on 11 

* Hip-po-tox'o-tsft 
Hip-pu'ris 

* Hip-pu'rus 
Hip'pus 
Hip'si-dea 
Hi'ra 

Hir-pi'ni 4 
Hir-pi'nus 
Hir'ti-a (Lex) 
Hir'ti-us Aulus 
Hir'tus 
HisTjon 

t His'pa-lis 
His-pa'ni-a 

* His-pa'nus 
His-pel'him 
His'po 
His-pul'la 
His-tas'pes 
His'ter Pa-cu'vi-U8 
His-ti-ai'a 
His-ti-aj'o-tis 
His-ti-ai'us 
His'tri-a 



1 Hegemon. — Gouldman and Holyoke accent this word on 
Jne antepenultimate syllable ; but Labbe and Lempriere, 
nore classically, on the penultimate. 

2 Heliogdbalus. — This word is accented on the penultimate 
syllable by Labbe and Lempriere ; but, in my opinion, more 
igreeably to the general ear, by Ainsworth, Gouldman, and 
Holyoke, on the antepenultimate. 

3 Heraclitus. — This name of the weeping philosopher is so 
frequently contrasted with that of Democritus, the laughing 
philosopher, that we are apt to pronounce both with the 
same accent ; but all our prosodists are uniform in giving the 
antepenultimate accent to the latter, and the penultimate to 
the lormer word. 



* Hippocrene. — Nothing can be better established than the 
pronunciation of this word in four syllables, according to its 
original ; and yet such is the license of English poets, that 
they not unfrequently contract it to three." Thus, Cooke, 
Hesiod, Theog., v., 9. 

And now to Hippocrene resort the fair , 

Or, Olmius, to thy sacred spring repali. 
And a late translator of the Satires of Perseus : 

Never did I so much as sip, 

Or wet with Hippocrene a lip. 
This contraction is inexcusable, as it tends to taibarraac 
pronunciation and lower the language of poetry. 



30 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



1IY 

Ho'di-us 

* Hol-mi'um 
Hol'o-cron 

* Honi-e-re'us 

* Ho-mer'i-dee 

t Ho-me-ro-mas'tix 

* Ho-me-ro-mas-ti'ges 
Ho-me'rus 

Ho'mer (Eng.) 

' Ho-mi'la3 

Hom'o-le 

Ho-mole a 

Ilom-o-lip'pus 

Hom-o-lo'i-des 

Ho-mon-a-den'ses 

* Hom-o-ti'mi 
f Hon'or 
Ho-no'ri-us 

* Ho-ple'tes 
Ho'ra 

Flo-rac'i-tse 24 
Ho'rse 
Hor-a-pollo 

\ Ho-ra'ti-a 
Ho-ra'ti-us 
Hor'ace (Eng.) 
Hor'ci-as 10 

* Ho-ri'zon 
Hor-mis'da9 
Hor-ra'tus 

{■ Hor'ta 

Hor-ten'si-a 10 

Hor-ten'si-us 10 

Hor-ti'num 

Hor-to'na 

Ho'rus 

Hos-til'i-a 

Hos-til'i-us 

Hun-ne-ri'cus 

i Hun'ni or Hun-ni'a-des 

[Iy-a-cin'thi-a 

Hy-a-cin'thus 

Hy'a-des 

Hy-ag'nis 

Hy'a-la 

* Hy'a-le 

* Hy-a-me'a 

* Hy-am-pe'a 
Hy-am'po-lis 
Hy-an'thes 
Hy-an'tis 

* Hy-a-pe'a 
Hy-arTji-ta 

* Hy-ar-bi'ta 
Hy'as 
*Hyb'e-la 
HylDla 

Hy-bre'as or Hyb're-as 1 

Hy-bri'a-nes 

Hyc'ca-ra 



HY 

Hy'da and Hy'de 

Hyd'a-ra 

Hy-dar'nes 

Hy-das'pes 

Hy'dra 

Hy-dra'mi-a 

Kyd-ra-o'tes 

* Hyd're-a 

* Hy-drela 
Hy-droch'o-us 
Hyd-ro-pho'ri-a 
Hy'drus 
Hy-dru'sa 
Hy'e-la 

* Hy'e-le 
Hy-emp'sal 
Hy-et'tus 

* Hy-ge'a 
Hy-ge'i-a 
Hy-gi'a-na 
Hy-gi'nus 
Hyla 

Hy-lac'i-des 
Hy-lac'tor 
Hy'laj 

* Hy-le'a 
Hy-lai'us 
Hylas 
Hy'lax 
Hyl'i-as 
Hyl-la'i-cus 
Hyl'lus 
Hy-lon'o-me 
Hy-loph'a-gi 3 
Hym-e-naj'us anc 

H^men 
Hy-met'tus 

* Hy-o'pe 
Hy-pae'pa 
Hy-pas'si-a 44 
Hyp'a-nis 
Hyp-a-ri'nus 

* Hyp'a-ta 
Hy-pa'tes 
Hyp'a-tha 

* Hyp'a-tus 
Hy-pe'nor 
Hyp-e-ra'on 

* Hy-perlDa-tus 
Hy-perln-us 
Hyp-er-bo're-i 
Hy-pe're-a and 

Hy-pe'ri-a 
Hyp-e-re'si-a 11 

* Hyp-e-ri'a 
Hy-per'i-des 
Hyp-e-ri'on 29 
Hyp-erm-nes'tra 
Hy-per'o-chus 
Hyp-er-och'i-des 



| Hy-phae'us 

I * Hyph-an-te'on 

| * Hyp-o-theTjse 

* Hyp-o-the'cse 
Hyp'sa 
Hyp-se'a 

* Hyp-sela 
Hyp-se'nor 
Hyp-se'us 
Hyp-si-cra-te'a 
Hyp-sic'ra-tes 
Hyp-sip'y-le 
Hyr-ca'ni-a 
Hyr-ca'num Ma're 
Hyr-ca'nus 
Hyr'i-a 

* Hyr'i-e 

Hy-ri'e-us and Hyr'< 
Hyr-mi'na 

* Hyr-nii'ne 
Hyr'ne-to and 

Hyr'ne-tho 
Hyr-nith'i-um 
Hyr'ta-cus 
Hys'i-a 11 
Hys'pa 

Hys'sus and Hys'si 
Hys-tas'pes 
Hys-ti-e'us 



I. 



FA 

I-ac'chus 
I-a'der 
I-a-le'mus 

* I-al'me-nu9 
I-al'y-sus 
I-am'be 
I-am'bli-cus 
I-am'e-nus 
I-am'i-dse 
I-a-ni'ra 
I-an'the 
I-an'the-a 

* I-an-the'a 

* I-a'on 

* I-a'o-nes 
I-ap-e-ron'i-des 
I-a-pefi-des 

t I-ap-et-i-on'i-des 

I-ap'e-tus 2 

I-a'pis 

* I-ap'o-des 
t I-a-pyd'i-a 

* I-a-py'ges 
I-a-pyg'i-a 
I-a'pyx . 



ID 
I-arlias 

* I-ar-bi'ta 

I-ar'chas and Jar'chas 
I-ar'da-nus 
I-aa'i-des 

I-a'si-on 11 and I-a'si-us 

* I-a'sis 
I'a-sus 

* I-ax-am'a-tre 
t I-ax'ar-tes 
I-be'ri 
I-be'ri-a 

* I-berl-cus 
I-be'rus 
I'bi 3 

I'bis 

Ib'y-cus 

I-ca'ri-a 

I-ca'ri-us 

Ic'a-rus 

Ic'ci-us 10 

Ic'e-los 

* Ic'e-lus 
I-ce'ni 
Ic'e-tas 
Ich'nae 

* Ich-nob'a-tes 
Ich-nu'sa 
Ich-o-nu'phis 
Ich-thy-oph'a-gi 3 
Ich'thys 
I-cil'i-us 

Ic'i-us 10 

t I-co'ni-um 

I'cos 

Ic-ti'nus 

t Ic-u lis'ma 

I'da 

I-dae'a 

I-dte'us 

t I-dalis or * Id'a-lis 

Id'a-lus 

Id-an-thyr'sus 

I-dar'nes 

I'das 

Id'e-a? 28 

* I-de'ra 
I-des'sa 
tl'dex 

t I-dist-a-vi'sus 
Id'mon 
I-dom'e-ne 8 
I-dom-e-ne'us* or 
t I-dom'e-neus 
I-do'the-a 
I-dri'e-us 
I-du'be-da 

I-du'me and Id-u-me'a 
I-dy'a 
I-dy'i-a 



IN 
I-e'tse 
Ig'e-ni 
Ig-na'ti-us 10 

* Ig-ne'tes 

t I-gu'vi-um 

Il-a-i'ra 

IFba 

* Il-e-a'tes 
Il-e-ca'o-nes and 

Il-e-ca-o-nen'ses 
I-ler'da 

* Il-er-ge'tes 
Il'i-a or Rbe'a 
Mi'a-ci Lu'di 3 
J-li'a-Gus 
I-li'a-des 
Il'i-as 

Hi-ad (Eng. 
t Il-i-en'ses 
Il'i-on 
I-li'o-ne 
Il-i-o'ne-us» o- 
t I-li'o-neus 
I-lis'sus 

I-lith-y-i'a or * Il-thyia 
Il'i-um or Il'i-on 

* Il-lib'a-nus 
U-lib'e-ris 
H-lip'u-la 
Il-li-tur'gis 
11-lyr'i-cum, Illy-rls, 

and Il-lyr'i-a 
Il-lyrf-cus Si'nu9 
Il-lyr'i-us 
Il'u-a 7 
I'lus 

* 11-ur-ge'a 
1-lyr'gis 
I-man-u-en'ti-us 10 

* I-ma'on 
Im'a-us 6 
Im'ba-rus 
Im-brac'i-des 
Im-brasl-des 
Im'bra-sus 
ImlDre-us 
Im'bri-us 
Im-briv'i-um 
ImTaros 

* Im'o-la 
In'a-chi 3 12 
I-na'chi-a 
I-nach'i-da3 
I-nach'i-des 
1-na'chi-um 
In'a-chus 12 
I-nam'a-mes 
I-nar'i-me 8 
In'a-rus 
In-ci-ta'tus 



1 Hybreas. — Lempriere accents this word on the penulti- 
mate syllable; but Labbe, Gouldman, and Holyoke, more 
properly, on the antepenultimate. 

2 Iapctus. — 

Son of Iapetus, o'er-subtle, go, 
And glory in thy artful theft below. — Cooke's lies. 
[Herat., Od., 1. 3, 28 : Audax Iapeti genus. — Trollope.] 

3 Idea. — This word, as a proper name, I find in no lexi- 
cographer but Lempriere. The English appellative, signi- 
fying an image in the mind, has uniformly the accent on the 
second syllable, as in the Greek Idea, in opposition to the 
Latin, which we generally follow in other cases, and which, 
in this word, has the penultimate short in Ainsworth, Labbe, 
and our best prosodists ; and, according to this analogy, idea 
ought to have the accent on the first syllable, and that sylla- 
ble short, as the first of idiot. But when this word is a 
proper name, as the daughter of Dardanus, I should sup- 
pose it ought to fall into the general analogy of pronouncing 
Greek names, not by accent, but by quantity, and, therefore, 
that it ought to have the accent on the first syllable ; and, 
according to our own analogy, that syllable ought to be 
short, unless the penultimate in the Greek is a diphthong, 
tind then, according to general usage, it ought to have the 
accent.— [The fact is, that the Greek in this case is a diph- 
thong, the name being 'I<5<na , and therefore, in Latin and En- 
glish, Ida'a. In the beginning of the note, there is some 
confusion in our author's statements. The penultimate in 
ISia is short ; in the Latin idea, long. Aurel. Vic, Animos 
idea fatigat.— Trollope.] 

4 Idomeneus. — The termination of nouns in eus was, among 
the ancients, sometimes pronounced in two syllables, and 



sometimes as a diphthong in one. Thus, Labbe tells us, that 
Achilleus, Argyleus, Phalareus, Apsirteus are pronounced 
commonly in four syllables, and Nereus, Orpheus, Perteus, 
Tereus in three, with the penultimate syllable short in all ; 
but that these words, when in verse, have generally the 
diphthong preserved in one syllable : Eumenidum veluti 
demens videt agmina Pentheus. — Vir. The Latin poets fre- 
quently dissolved the diphthong into two syllables : 

Naiadum ccetu, tantum non Orpheus, Hebrum 
Poenaque respectns, et nunc manet Orpheus in te. 

The best rule, therefore, that can be given to an English 
reader is, to pronounce words of this termination always 
with the vowels separated, except an English poet, in imita- 
tion of the Greeks, should preserve the diphthong; but, in 
the present word, I should prefer Idom'e-neus to I-doni-e-ne'us, 
whether in verse or prose. — [The reverse of this is decided- 
ly the best rule ; viz., to preserve the diphthong invariably, 
except where an English poet, after the example of the Latin, 
dissolves it. Idom-ene'us must be incorrect, as the Greek 
name is always spelled with an e ; so that the resolved diph- 
thong would be pronounced Idomen'e-us. — Trollope. Carr 
would, in most cases, make the eus one syllable in poetry 
and two in prose.] 

5 Ilioneus. — See Idomeneus. 

6 Imaus. — All our prosodists make the penultimate sylla 
ble of this word short : and, consequently, accent it on the 
antepenultimate ; but Milton, by a license he was allowed to 
take, accents it on the penultimate syllable : 

As when a vulture on Imaus bred, 

Whose snowy ridge the roving Tartar bounds. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



31 



IP 

in-da-thyr'sufl 

In'di-a 

f In-dib'i-lis 

* In'di-cu8 
In-dig'e-tes 

* In-di-ge'tes (a people) 
In-dig'e-ti 4 

In'dus 

* In-gaev'o-nes 

* In-ne'sa 
I'no 1 
I-no'a 7 
I-no'pus 
l-no'res 
I-no'us 
In'su-bres 

t In-suTjii-a 
f In-ta-meli-um 
In-ta-pher'nes 
In-te-ram'na 
[n-ter-ca'ti-a 11 
[n'u-us 
[-ny'cus 
I'o 1 
C-ob'a-tes and 

Jo-ba'tes 
t'o-bes 
[-o-la'i-a 

I'o-las or I-o-la'us 
[■ol'chos 
I'o-le 1 8 

* I-olum 
Ton 

I-o'ne 8 
I-o'nes 
I-o'ni-a 

* I-on'i-cus 
I-o'pas 

I'o-pe and Jop'pa 
l'o-phon 

* I-o'pis 
I'os 

* I-o-taph'a-ta 
Ip'e-pae 
Iph-i-a-nas'sa 
Ipb'i-clus or Iph'i-cles 
I-phic'ra-tes 

* Iph-i-crati-des 

* Iph-i-da-mi'a 
[-phid'a-mus 
Jph-i-de-mi'a 
Iph-i-ge-ni'a 1 



IS 
Iph-i-me-di'a 2 
I-phim'e-don 
Iph-i-me-du'sa 
I-phin'o-e 8 
I-pbin'o-us 
I'phis 

I-phitfi-on 11 
Iph'i-tus 
Ipb'thi-me 
Ip-se'a 29 
f Ip'sus 
I'ra 1 7 

* I-ra'is 

* Ir-a-phi-o'tea 
Ir-e-nae'us 
I-re'ne 
I-re'sus 

I'ris 
I'rus 

* I-sa'cus 
Is'a-das 
I-saVa 7 
I-sse'us 
Is'a-mus 
I-san'der 
I-sa'pis 

I'sar and Is'a-ra 
I'sar and I-sa?'us 
I-sar'chus 12 
I-sau'ri-a 
I-sau'ri-cus 
I-sau'rus 
Is-che'ni-a 12 
Is-cbo-la'us 

* Is-chom'a-che 
Is-cbop'o-lis 

* Is-chy'ras 
rs-com'a-chus 
Is-de-gerides 

* I-se'a 

* I-se'pus 
Is'i-a 10 

* I-si'a-ci 

* I-si'a-cus^ 
Is-i-do'rus" 
Is'i-dore (Eng.) 
I'sis 

* Is-ma-ela 
Is'ma-ras and Is'n 
Is-me'ne 8 
Is-me'ni-as 
Is-men'i-des 



IX 

Is-me'nus 

I-soc'ra-tes 

Is'sa 7 

Is'se 8 
Is-se'don 
Is-sed'o-nes 

Is'sus 

* Is-taev'o-nes 
Is'ter and Is'tms 
Isth'mi-a 
Isth'mi-us 
Isth'mus 
Is-ti-ae'o-tis 

* Is-to'ne 
Is'tri-a 
Is-trop'o-lis 
I'sus 

It'a-li 
I-tali-a 7 
Ita-ly (Eng.) 
I-tal'i-ca 
I-tal'i-cus 
It'a-lus 
I-tar'gris 
Ife-a 20 
I-tem'a-les 
Ith'a-ca 
t Ith'a-ce-si-aB 
I-thob'a-lus 
I-tho'me 
Itb-o-ma'i-a 

* Ith-o-ma'tas 
t I-thom'a-tes 

* 1-th o'me 
I-tho'inus 

* I-tho'ne 

* Ith-u-re'i 
Ith-y-pharlus 
I-to'ni-a 7 
I-to'nus 

* Ifo-rum 
t If u-na 
It-u-ras'a 
I-tu'runi 
Ify-lus 
It-y-rae'i 3 
I'tys 

* I-u-le'us 
I-u-li'a-cum 

1-ulus 

Ix-ib'a-t8B 

Ix-i'on 



JU 

* Ix-i-o'ne-us 
Ix-i-on'i-dea 



J. 



JA-CCBUS 

* Jad'e-ra 

Jam'ni-a or * Jam-ni'i 
Ja-nic'u-lum 

Ja-no'ca 
Ja'nus 
Ja-pefi-des 
Jap'e-tus 
Jar'chas 
Ja'son 

* Jaz'y-ges 
Jen'i-sus 
Je'ra 

t Jer'ne 
Je-ro'mus and 
Je-ron'y-mus 
Je-ru'sa-lem 

* Je'sus 
Jo-ba'tes 
Jo-cas'ta 
Jop'pa 
Jor-da'nes 

Jor'da-nes 
Jor-nan'des 
Jo-se'phus, Fla'vi-us 
Jo-vi-a'nus 

Jo-vi'nus 

Jo'za 
Ju'ba 
Ju-dse'a 
Ju-galis 
Ju-gan'tes 
Ju-ga'ri-us 
Ju-guritha 
Juli-a 7 
Ju-li'a-des 
Ju-li-a'nus 
Juli-i 4 

Ju-li-o-bo na 
Ju-li-o-ma'gus 
Ju-li-op'o-li3 
Julis 

JuTi-us Cas'sar 
Ju'ni-a 7 
Ju'no 



LA 
Ju-no-nali-a 
Ju-no'nes 
Ju-no'ni-a 
Ju-no'nis 
Ju'pi-ter 
* Ju'ra 
Jus-ti'nus 
Ju-tur'na 
Ju-ve-nalia 
Ju've-nal (Eng.) 
Ju-ven'tas 
Ju-ver'na or Hi-beruvh 



LA-AN'DER 

La-ar'chus 

Lab'a-ris 

* Lab'a-rus 
Lab'da 

t Lab-dac'i-des 

Lab'da-cus 

Lab'da-lon 

LaTje-o 

La-be'ri-us 

* La-be'rus 
La-bi'ci 4 
La-bi'cum 

* La-bi'cus 
La-bi-e'nus 
Lab-i-ne'tus 
La-bo'bi-us 
La-bob'ri-gi 

Lab-o-ri'ni 

* La-bo'tas 
La-bra'de-us 
t La'bron 

* La-b/cas 
Lab-y-rin'thus 
La-cas'na 
Lac-e-dre'mon 

* Lac-e-dae-mon'i-cua 
Lac-e-dse-mo'ni-i or 

Lac-e-daem'o-nes 
La-ce-de-mo'ni-ans (Enc 
t Lac-e-de-mo'ni-us 
La-cer'ta 
t Lac-e-ta'ni-a 
Lach'a-res 
La'ches 1 12 



1 Iphigenia. — The antepenultimate syllable of this word 
had been in quiet possession of the accent for more than a 
century, till some Greeklings of late have attempted to place 
the stress on the penultimate, in compliment to the original 
'lcpiyeveia. If we ask our innovators on what principle they 
pronounce this word with the accent on the i, they answer, 
because the i stands for the diphthong a, which, being long, 
must necessarily have the accent on It. But it may "be re- 
plied, this wa3 indeed the case in the Latin language, but 
not in the Greek, where we find a thousand long penulti- 
mates without the accent. It is true, one of the vowels 
which composed a diphthong in Greek, when this diphthong 
was in the penultimate syllable, generally had an accent on 
it, but not invariably ; for a long penultimate syllable did 
not always attract the accent in Greek as it did in Latin. 
An instance of this, among thousands, is that famous line 
of dactyls in Homer's Odyssey, expressing the tumbling 
down of the stone of Sisyphus : 

AiriS enetTa -iSovde kv\IvSzto Aaaj a.vaii/}S. 

Odyss., b. 11. 
Another striking instance of the same accentuation ap- 
pears in the first two verses of the Iliad : 

MrjviV azifo Qea Tl^XTjidSeu) 'Ax^rjoS 
Ov\onevr]v, J) fjLvpi 'A%ato<? aXyt' WrjKt. 
I know it may be said that the written accents we see on 
Greek words are no kind of authority, and that we ought 
always to give accent to penultimate long quantity, as the 
Latins did. Not here to enter into a dispute about the au- 
thority of the written accents, the nature of the acute, and 
its connection with quantity, which has divided the learned 
of Europe for so many years — till we have a clearer idea 
of the nature of the human voice, and the properties of 
speaking sounds, which alone can clear the difficulty — for 
the sake of uniformity, perhaps it were better to adopt the 
prevailing mode of pronouncing Greek proper names like 
the Latin, by making the quantity of the penultimate syllable 
the regulator of the accent, though contrary to the genius 
of Greek accentuat : on, which made the ultimate syllable its 



regulator ; and if this syllable was long, the accent could 
never rise higher than the penultimate. Perhaps in lan- 
guage, as in laws, it is not of so much importance that the 
rules of either should be exactly right, as that they should 
be certainly and easily known ; so the object of attention in 
the present case is not so much what ought to be done as 
what actually is done ; and as pedantry will always be more 
pardonable than illiteracy, if we are in doubt about the prev- 
alence of custom, it will always be safer to lean to the side 
of Greek or Latin than of our own language.— [Enough has 
been said on the pronunciation of words of this class in 
Rule 30.— Trollope.) 

2 Iphimedia. — This and the foregoing word have the ac 
cent on the same syllable, but for what reason can not be 
easily conceived. That Iphigenia, having the diphthong ei 
in its penultimate syllable, should have the accent on that 
syllable, though not the soundest, is at least a plausible rea- 
son ; but why should our prosodists give the same accent to 
the i in Iphimedia? which, coming from «p t and fieSeu), has 
no such pretensions. If they say it has the accent in the 
Greek word, it may be answered, this is not esteemed a suf- 
ficient reason for placing the accent in Iphigenia; besides, 
it is giving up the sheet-anchor of modern'prosodists, the 
quantity as the regulator of accent. We know it was ar. 
axiom in Greek prosody that, when the last syllable was 
long by nature, the accent could not rise beyond the penult- 
imate ; but we know, too, that this axiom is abandoned in 
Demosthenes, Arisloteles, and a thousand other words. The 
only reason, therefore, that remains for the penultimate ac- 
centuation of this word is, that this syllable is long in some 
of the best poets. Be it so. Let those who have more 
learning and leisure than I have find it out In the interim, 
as this may perhaps be a long one, I must recur to my ad' 
vice under the last word; though Ainsworth has, in my 
opinion, very properly left the penultimate syllable of both 
these words short, yet those who affect to be thought 
learned will always find their account in departing as far as 
possible from the analogy of their own language, in favor 
of Greek and Latin. 



32 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER, NAMEb. 



LA 
Lach'e-sis ] 
Eac'i-das 
t Lac'i-des 
La-cin'i-a 
La-cin-i-en'sia 
La cin'i-um 
Lac'mon 
La'co 1 
La-cob'ri-ga 

* La-co'nes 
La-co'ni-a and 

La-con'i-ca 
Lac'ra-tes 
Lac'ri-nes 
Lac-tan'ti-us 10 
Lac'ter 
Lac'y-des 

* La-cy'des 
Lac'y-dus 24 
La'das 
La'de 8 
La'des 

f Lad-o-ce'a 
La'don 

* La-e'a 
Laslaps 
La3li-a 
Lse-li-a'nus 
Laeli-us 

Lse'na and Le-ee'na 
Lae'nas 
Lte'ne-us 
Lte'pa Mag'na 
La-ertes 

* La-er-ti'a-des 
La-er'ti-us, Di-og'e-nes 
" Lass-try 'gon 
Laa-stryg'o-nes 
Lae'ta 

Lae-to'ri-a (Lex> 
Lae'tus 
Lse'vi 3 
La3-vi'nus 
La-ga'ri-a 

* La-ge'us 
La'gi-a 
Lag'i-des 
La-gin'i-a 

* Lag-i-ni'a 
La'gus 
La-gu'sa 
La-gy'ra 6 
La-i'a-des 3 
La'i-as 
La'is 
La'i-us 
Lal'a-ge 
La-las'sis 
Lam'a-chus 
La-mal'mon 

* Lam-be'ca 
Lam-bra'ni 3 
Lam'brus 
La'mi-a 

La-mi'a-cum Bellum 
La'mi-se 

La'mi-as iE'li-us 
La-rni'ru8 
Lam'pe-do 
Lam-pe'ti-a (a female) 

* Lam-pe-ti'a (a city) 

* Lam-pe-ti'um 
Lam'pe-to and 

* Lam-pe'do 

* Lam'pe-tus 

* Lam-pe'us, Lam-pi'a 
Lam'pon, Lam'pos, or 

Lam'pus 



LA 
Lam-po-ne'a, 

Lam-po'ni-a, and 

Lam-po'ni-um 
Lam-po'ni-us 
Lam-prid'i-us jEIi-us 
Lam'pro-cles 
Lam'prus 
Lamp'sa-cus and 

Lamp'sa-chum 
Lamp-te'ri-a 
Lam'pus 
La'mus 

* Lam'y-ra 

* Lam'y-ros 
Lam'y-rus 
La-nas'sa 
Lan'ce-a 10 

* Lan-ce'a 
Lan'ci-a 10 
Lan'di 
Lan'gi-a 

* Lan-gi'a 
Lan-go-bar'di 3 
La-nu'vi-um 
La-o-bo'tas or Lab'o-tas 
La-oc'o-on 
La-od'a-mas 
La-od-a-mi'a 33 
La-o-da'mi-a 
La-od'i-ce 8 
La-od-i-ce'a 
La-od-i-ce'ne 
La-od'o-chus 
La-og'o-nus 
La-og'o-ras 
La-og'o-re 8 
La-o-me-di'a 2 30 
La-om'e-don 

* La-om-e-don-te'us 
L a-om-e-don-ti'a-das 

* La-om-e-don-ti'a-des 

* La-om-e-don'ti-us 

* La-on'i-cus 
La-on'o-me 
La-on-o-me'ne 
La-oth'o-e 8 
La'o-us 
Lap'a-thus 

* La-pe'thus 
Laph'ri-a 

* La-phy'ra 
La-phys'ti-um 
La-pid'e-i 
La-pid'e-us 
Lap'i-thaj 
Lap-i-thse'um 
Lap'i-tho 
Lap'i-thus 

La'ra or La-ran'da 
La-ren'ti-a and 

Lau-ren'ti-a 10 
La'res 
Lar'ga 
Lar'gus 
La-ri'des 
La-ri'na 
La-ri'num 
La-ris'sa 
La-ris'sus 
La'ri-us 
Lar'nos 
La-ro'ni-a 

t Lars To-lum'ni-us 
Lar'ti-us, Fla'vi-us 
Lar-to-lsefa-ni 
LarVee 
La-rym'na 
La-rys'i-um 11 



LE 
Las'si-a 

Las'sus or La'sus 
Las'the-nes 
Las-the-ni'a 3 
Lat'a-gus 

Lat-e-ra'nus Plau'tus 
La-te'ri-um 

* Lath'u-rus 
La-ti-a'lis 
La-ti-a'ris 
La-ti'ni 3 4 
La-tin'i-us 
La-ti'nus 
La'ti-um 
La'ti-us 10 
Lat'mus 
La-to'i-a 

t La-to'bi-us 
t La-tob'ri-gi 
La-to'is 

* Laf o-is 
La-to'na 
La-top'o-lis 

* Lat-o-re'a 
La-to'us 
La'tre-us 

t La-tu'mi-se or 
t La-to'mi-SB 
t Lau-da'mi-a 
Lau-do'ni-a 
Lau-fella 
Lau'ra 

t Lau-re'a-cum 
Lau-ren-tali-a 
Lau-ren'tes A'gri 
Lau-ren'ti-a 10 
Lau-ren-ti'ni 4 
Lau-ren'ti-us 
Lau-ren'tum 

* Lau-re'o-lus 
Lau'ri-on or Lau-ri'on 
Lau'ron 

t La'us 

La'us Pom-pe'i-a 
Lau'sus 
Lau'ti-um 10 
La-ver'na 
t La-ver'ni-um 
La-vi-a'na 7 
La-vin'i-a 
La-vin'i-um or 
La-vi'num 

* Laz'a-rus 
Le'a-des 
Le-a3'i 3 
Le-as'na 
Le-an'der 
Le-an'dre 
Le-an'dri-as 

* Le-an'dri-us 
Le-ar'chus 12 
Leb-a-de'a 

* Leb-a-di'a 

Leb'e-dus or Leb'e-dos 
Le-be'na 
Le-bin'thos and 

Le-byn'thos 
Le-chse'um 
Lec'tum 
Lec'y-thus 
Le'da 
Le-dae'a 
Le'dus 
Le'gi-o 

Le'gi-on (Eng.) 
Le'i-tus 4 
Lelaps 
Lel'e-ges 



LE 

Lelex 
Le-man'nus 

Le-ma'nus 
Lem'nos 
Le-mo'vi-i 3 

Lem-o-vi'ces 
Lem'u-res 
Le-mu'ri-a and 
Lem-u-rali-a 
Le-nse'us 
Len'tu-lus 
Le'o 

* Le-ob'o-tes 
Le-o-ca'di-a 

* Le-och'a-roa 
Le-o-co'ri-on 
Le-oc'ra-tes 
Le-od'a-mas 
Le-od'o-cus 
Le-og'o-ras 
Le'on 
Le-o'na 
Le-o-na'tus 4 

* Le-on'i-da 
Le-on'i-das 
Le-on'ti-um and 

Le-on-ti'ni 4 

* Le-on-to-ceph'a-le 
Le-on-to-ceph'a-lus 
Le-on'ton or 

Le-on-top'o-lis 
Le-on-tych'i-des 

* Le-oph'o-ra 

* Le'o-phron 

* Le-op're-pes 

* Le-o-prep'i-des 
Le'os 

Le-os'the-nes 
Le-o-tych'i-des 
Le-phyr'i-um 
Lep'i-da 
Lep'i-dus 
Le-pi'nus 
Le-pon'ti-i 4 
Le'pre-os * 
Le'pri-um 
Lep'ti-nes 
Lep'tis 

Le'ri-a 

Le-ri'na 

Ler'na 

Le'ro 

Le'ros 

* Les-bo-ni'cas 
LesTsos 

* Les-bo'us 
Les'bus or LesTsos 
Les'ches 12 
Les-tryg'o-nes 

' Les'u-ra 

Le-ta'num 

Le-thge'us 

Le'the 

Le'tus 

Leu'ca 

Leu-ca'di-a 

Leu-ca'ni 
Leu'cas 

Leu-ca'si-on 11 
Leu-cas'pis 
Leu-ca'tes 
Leu'ce 
Leu'ci 3 
Leu-cip'pe 
Leu-cip'pi-des 
Leu-cip'pus 

Leu-co-ge'i 
Leu'co-la 



LI 

Leu'con 
Leu-co'ne 8 
Leu-co'nes 

* Leu-con'i-cu8 
Leu-con'o-e 

* Leu-con'o-tus 
Leu-cop'e-tra 

* Leu-co-phry'ne 
Leu'co-phrys 
Leu-cop'o-lis 
Leu'cos 
Leu-co'si-a 11 

* Leu-cos'y-ri 
Leu-co-syr'i-i 4 
Leu-coth'o-e or 

Leu-co'the-a 
Leuc'tra 
Leuc'trum 
Leu'cus 
Leu cy-a'ni-as 
Leu-tych'i-des 
Le-va'na 7 
Le-vi'nus 
Lex-o'vi-i 4 

* Lib'a-nae 
Li-ba'ni-us 
Lib'a-nus 
Lib-en-ti'na 
LiTjer 
Lib'e-ra 20 
Lib-e-rali-a 
Li-bertas 
Li-be'thra 
Li-beth'ri-des 
Lib'i-ci or Li be'ci-1 
Lib-i-ti'na 

Li'bo 1 
LiTion 

* Li-bon'o-tus 
Lib-o-phce-ni'cea 
Li'bri 4 

Libs 

Li-bur'na 

Li-bur'ni-a 

Li-bur'ni-des 

Li-bur'num Ma're 

Li-bur'nus 

Lib'y-a 

Lib'y-cum Ma're 

Lib'y-cus and Li-bys'tis 

Li'bys 

Li-bys'sa 

* Lib-ys-si'nus 
Lic'a-tes 
Li'cha 

* Lich'a-des 
t Li-cha'dea 
Li'chas 
Li'ches 
Li-cin'i-a 
Li-cin'i-us 

* Lic'i-nus 
Li-ci'nus 
Li-cym'ni-us 
Li'de 18 
Li-ga'ri-us 
Li-ge'a 
Li'ger 

Li'ger or Ligfe-ris 

Lig'o-ras 

Lig'u-res 

Li-gu'ri-a 

Lig-u-ri'nus 

Li'gus 18 

t Li-gus'ti-cum Ma'ro 

Ligy-es 

Li-gyr'gum 

Li-laB'a 



1 Lachesis. — 

Clotho and Lachesis, whose boxvndless sway, 
With Atropos, both men and gods obey. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v. 335. 
Laomedia. — 

Evagore, Laomedia join, 

And thou, Polynome, the num'rous line. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v. 399. 
— See Iphigenia. 

3 Lasthenia. — All the prosodists I have consulted, except 
Ainsworth, accent this word on the penultimate syllable ; 
and though English analogy would prefer the accent on the 
antepenultimate, we must necessarily yield to such a decid- 



ed superiority of votes for the penultimate, in a word so lit 
tie Anglicized by use. — See Iphigenia. 

* Leonatus. — In the accentuation of this word I have fol- 
lowed Labbe and Lempriere ; the former of whom says, 
Quanquam de hac voce amplius cogitandum cum eruditis viris 
existimem. Till, then, these learned men have considered 
this word, I think we may be allowed to consider it as 
formed from the Latin leo and natus, lion-born, and as the c 
in natus is long, no shadow of reason can be given why i 
should not have the accent. This is the accentuation con 
stantly given to it in the play of Cymbeline, and is, in mj 
opinion, the best— [Unquestionably ; and therefore the ao. 
cent has been so placed. — TrollopeA 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



33 



LO 
Lil-y-baB'um 

* Lil'y-be 
Li-mae'a 
Li-me'ni-a 

* Li-me'ra 
Lim'nsB 
Lirn-nae'um 
Lim-na-tid'i-a 
Lim-ni'a-ce 

* Lim-ni'a-des 
Lim-ni-o'tae 
Lim-no'ni-a 

* Lim-no-re'a 
Li'mon 

* Li-mo'ne 

r Li-mo'num 
t Li-my'ra 
Lin-ca'si-i 4 

* Lin'di-us 
f Lin'dum 
Lin'dus 
Lin'go-nes 

* Lin-gon'i-cus 
Lin-ter'na Palus 
Lin-ter'num 
Li'nus 
Li'o-des 
Lip'a-ra 

* Lip'a-re 

* Lip-a-re'us 
Lip'a-ris 
LiphTum 
Lip-o-do'rus 
Li-quen'ti-a 
Lir-cee'us 
Li-ri'o-pe 
Li'ris 
Li-sinl-as 
Lis'son 
Lis'sus 
Lis'ta 
Lifa-brum 
Lifa-na 
Li-taVi-cus 
Li-ter'num 
Lith-o-boli-a 
Li'tbrus 
Li-thu'bi-um 
Li-tu'bi-um 
Lit-y-er'sas 
Livl-a Dru-siTla 
Li-villa 
Liv-i-ne'i-us 
Li'vi-us, Lixfy (Eng.) 
t Lix'u3 

Lo'bon 
Lo'ce-us 10 
Lo'cba 

* Lo-cha'gus 
Lo'cbi-as 

* Loc'o-zus 
Lo'cri 
Lo'cris 
Lo-cus'ta 
Lo-cu'ti-u3 10 

* Lo-gi'um 
Lolli-a Pau-h'na 
Lol-li-a'nus 
Lolli-us 
Lon-di'num 
Lon'don (Eng.) 
Lon-ga-re'nus 
Lon-gim'a-nus 
Lon-gi'nus 
Lon-go-bar'di 

* Lon-go'ne 
Lon'gu-la 
hon-gun'ti-ca 
t Lon'gus 
Lor'di 3 
Lory-ma 



LY 
Lo'tis or Lo'tos 
Lo-topb'a-gi 3 
Lo'us or A'o-us 

* Lox'i-as 
Lu'a 7 
Lu'ca 

Lu'ca-gus 20 
Lu-ca'ni 3 
Lu-ca'ni-a 

* Lu-can'i-cus 
Lu-ca'ni-us 

Lu-ca'nus, Lu'can (Eng 
Lu-ca'ri-a or Lu-ce'ri-a 
Luc-cel-us 
Lu'ce-res 
Lu-ce'ri-a 

t Lu-ce'ri-us 

Lu-ce'ti-us 10 

Lu'ci-a 1 

Lu-ci-a'nus 

Lu'ci-an (Eng.) 

Lu'ci-fer 

Lu-cil'i-us 

Lu-ciHa 

Lu-ci'na 

* Lu-ci'o-lu9 
Lu'ci-us 10 
Lu-cre'ti-a 10 
Lu-cretfi-lis 
Lu-cre'ti-us 10 
Lu-cri'num 
Lu-cri'nus 
Luc-ta'ti-us 10 
Lu-culle-a 

t Lu-culli Horti 

Lu-cullus 

Lu'cu-mo 20 

Lu'cus 

Lug-du'num 

Lu'na 7 

Lu'pa 

Lu-per'cal 2 

Lu-per-cali-a 

Lu-per'ci 3 

Lu-per'cus 

Lu'pi-as or Lu'pi-a 

* Lu-po-du'num 
Lu'pus 
Lu-si-ta'ni-a 

* Lu-si-ta'nus 
Lu-so'nes 
Lus'tri-cu3 
Lu-ta'ti-us 
Lu-te'ri-us 
Lu-te'ti-a 10 
Lu-to'ri-us 
Ly-ae'us 
LyTjas 

* Ly-bo'tus 
Lyb'y-a or Ly-bis'sa 
Lyc'a-bas 
Lyc-a-be'tus 
Ly-ces'a 
Ly-cee'um 
Ly-cee'us 
Ly-cam'bes 

Lyc-am-be'us 
Ly-ca'on 
Lyc-a-o'ni-a 
' Ly-ca'o-nes 
Ly'cas 
Ly-cas'te 
Ly-cas'tum 
Ly-cas'tus 
Ly^ce 8 

* Lye e-as 
Ly'ces 
Ly-ce'um 

Ly-ce'us 
Lych-ni'des 
Lych-ni'dus 



LY 
Lyc'i-a 10 
Lyc'i-das 
Ly-cim'na 
Ly-cim'ni-a 
Ly-cis'cus 

* Ly-ci'us 
Lyc'i-us 10 

* Lyc'o-a 
Lyc-o-me'des 20 
Ly'con 
Ly-co'ne 8 

* Ly-co'pes 
Lyc'o-pbron 
Ly-cop'o-lis 
Ly-co'pus 

t Lyc-o-re'a 

t Lyc-o-re'us 

Ly-co'ri-as 

Ly-co'ris 

Ly-cor'mas 

Ly-cor'tas 

* Ly-cos'tbe-ne 
Lyc-o-su'ra 

* Ly-co'tas 

* Lyc-o-ze'a 
Lyc'tus 
Ly-cur'gi-des 

* Lyc-ur-gi'de3 
Ly-cur'gus 
Ly'cus 
Ly'de 8 
Lyd'i-a 
Lyd'i-as 
Lyd'i-us 
Ly'dus 
Lyg'da-mis or 

Lyg'da-mus 
Lyg'i-i 4 
t Lyg-o-des'ma 
Ly'gus 
Ly-mi're 

* Lym'i-re 
Ly'max 
Lyn-ces'tae 
Lyn-ces'tes 
Lyn-ces'ti-us 
Lyn-ce'us 

t Lyn'ceus 
Lyn-ci'des 
Lyn'cus, Lyn-cse'us, or 

Lynx 
Lyre 33 
Lyr-cse'us 
Lyr-ce'a 

* Lyr-ci'us 
Lyr'cus 

* Lyrl-ce 
Lyr-nes'sus 

* LyrVi-pe 
Ly-san'der 
Ly-san'dra 
Ly-sa'ni-aa 
Lyse 8 
Ly-si'a-des 
Lys-i-a-nas'sa 
Ly-si'a-nax 
Lys'i-as 11 
Lys'i-cles 
Ly-sid'i-ce 
Ly-sim'a-cbe 
Lys-i-ma'chi-a 

Ly-sim-a-cbi'a 
Lys-i-mach'i-des 
Ly-sim'a-cbus 
Lys-i-meli-a 

* Lys-i-me-li'a 
Ly-sin'o-e 8 
Ly-sip'pe 
Ly-sip'pu3 
Lysis 
Ly-sis'tra-tus 



BUB 

* Lys-i-thi'des 
Ly-sith'o-us 
Ly'so 

t Lys'tra 
Ly-tae'a 

* Lyx-e'a 
Ly-za'ni-as 



M. 



MA'CjE 
Ma'car 

* Mac-a-re'ia 
Ma-ca're-us 
Ma-ca'ri-a 
Mac'a-ris 

* Mac'a-ron 

* Ma-carta-tiis 
Ma-ced'nus 
Mac'e-do 
Mac-e-do'ni-a 
Mac-e-don'i-cus 30 
Ma-cella 
Ma'cer iE-myl'i us 

* Ma-ce'ris 

* Mac'e-tea 
Ma-chad'ra 

* Ma-chag'e-ni 
Ma-cban'i-da3 
Ma-cha'on 

* Ma-cha'o-nes 

* Ma-che'rus 
Ma'cra 
Ma-cri-a'nus 
Ma-cri'nus 

* Mac'ri-tus 
Ma'cro 
Ma-croTn-i 4 
Ma-cro"bi-U3 
Mac'ro-chir 
Ma-cro'nes 

* Mac-ron-ti'cbus 

* Mac-rop-o-go'nes 

* Mac-ry-ne'a 
Mac-to'ri-um 
Mac-u-lo'nus 
t Ma-dau'ra 
Ma-des'tes 
Ma-de'tes 

* Ma-dre'ni 

t Mad-u-af e-ni 

Ma'dy-es 

Mas-an'der 

Mee-an'dri-a 

Mas-ce'nas 

Mas'di 3 

* Mae-dob-i-thy'iii 
Mseli-us 
Meem-ac-te'ri-a 
Maen'a-des 
Meen'a-la 
Msen'a-lus 
Mas'ni-us 

* Mgen-o-bo'ra 

* Mae-nom'e-na 
Mge'non 
Mse'nus 
Mae-o'ni-a 

* Mae'o-nes 
Mse-on'i-daa 
Mee-on'i-des 
Mee'o-nis 
Ma3-o't33 

Ma3-ofi-cu3 

Mse-ofi-de3 
Mee-o'tis Palus 
Mee'si-a Syl'va l 1 

Mse-soTi 

Ma3fo-na 



MA 

Mee'vi-a 

Mae'vi-us 

Ma'gas 

* Mag-dolua 
Ma-gella 
Mag'e-tffl 
Ma'gi 

* Ma'gi-a 
Ma'gi-us 
Mag'na Grae'ci-a 
Mag-nen'ti-u8 10 
Mag'nes 
Mag-ne'si-a 11 

* Mag-ne'te3 
Ma'go 
Ma'gon 

Mag-on-ti'a-cum 
Ma'gus 
Ma-her'bal 
Ma'i-a 

* Ma-i-u'ma 

* Ma'i-u-mas 
Ma-jes'tas 
Ma-jor'ca 
Ma-jo-ri-a'nus 
t Mak'a-reus 

* Mal'a-ca or Mal'a-chn 

* Mal-acb-belus 
Mala For-tu'na 

* Mal'cbi-on 
Ma-le'a 

* Male-a 

* Ma-leT)a 

* Ma-le'os 

t Mal-e-ven'tum 

MaFho or Ma'tho 

Mali-a 

Mali-i 4 

Malis 

Malle-a or MalTi-a 

Malli-us 

* Mal-loph'o-ra 
t Mal-lo-pho'ra 
Marios 

* Ma-lo'des 
Mal'thi-nus 

* Mal-thi'nu? 

* Ma-lu'ca 
Mal-va'na 
Ma-ma'us 
Ma-mer'cus 
Ma-mer'thes 
Mam-er-ti'na 
Mam-er-ti'ni 4 3 

* Mam-er-ti'nus 
Ma-mil'i-a (Lex) 
Ma-mil'i-i 4 
Ma-mil'i-us 
Mam-mae'a 
Mam-me'a 

* Mam-mo'nas 

* Ma-mu-ri-a'nus 
Ma-mu'ri-us 
Ma-mur'ra 

* Ma-nse'thon 
Ma-nas'ta-bal 
Man-ci'nus 
Man-da'ne 8 
Man-da'nes 
Man-dela 
Man-do'ni-us 
Man'dro-cles 
Man-drocli-das 
Man'dron 
Man-duTu-i 4 
Mun-du-bra'ti-us 
t Man-du'ri-a 

Man'e-ros 
Ma'nes 

* Man'e-tbo 
Ma-ne'tbo 



i Lucia. — Labbe cries out loudly against those who accent 
this word on the penultimate, which, as a Latin word, ought 
to have the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. If 
once, says he, we break through rules, why should we not 
pronounce Ammia, Anastatia, Cecilia, Leocadia, Natalia, &c, 
with the accent on the penultimate likewise ? This ought 
to be a warning against our pronouncing the West India 
island St. Lu'cia as we sometimes hear it, St. Lucia. 

2 Lupercal— This word is so little interwoven with our 
language that it ought to have its true Latin accent on the 
4 F 



penultimate syllable. But wherever the antepenultimate ac 
cent is adopted in verse, as in Shakspeare's Julius Caesar 
where Antony says, 

You all did see that on the Lu'percal 
I thrice presented him a kingly crown, 

we ought to preserve it Mr. Barry, the actor, who was in- 
formed by some scholar of the Latin pronunciation of thif 
word, adopted it in this place, and pronounced it Luper'cal 
which grated every ear that heard him. 



34 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



MA 
Ma'ni-a 

Ma-niTi-a (Lex) 
Ma-nil'i-us 
Man'i-mi 4 
Manli-a (Lex) 
Manli-us Tor-qua'tus 
Man'nus 
Man-sue'tus 

* Man-te'um 
Man-ti-ne'a 
Man-ti-ne'us 
Man'ti-us 10 
Man'to 
Man'tu-a 
Mar-a-can'd8 
Mar'a-tha 
Mar'a-thon 
Mar'a-thos 

* Mar'a-thus 
Mar-cella 
Mar-cel-li'nus, Am-mi-i 

nus 
Mar-cellus 
Mar'ci-a 10 
Mar-ci-a'na 
Mar-ci-a-nop'o-lis 
Mar-ci-a'nus 10 

* Mar'ci-on 

* Mar-ci'ta 
Mar'ci-us Sa-bi'nus 

* Mar-com'a-ni 
Mar-co-man'ni 

* Mar-com'e-T'es 
Mar'cus 
Mar'di 3 
Mar'di-a 

* Mar'do-nes 
Mar-do'ni-us 
Marthas 

* Ma're-a or Ma-re-o'ti 

* Ma-re-of i-cus 

* Mar-ga-ri'ta 
Mar-gin'i-a and 

Mar-gi-a'ni-a 
Mar-gi'tes 
Ma'ri-a 1 (Lex) 

* Mari'a 
Ma-ri'a-ba 
Ma-ri-am'ne 
Ma-ri-a'nae Fos'sa 

* Ma-ri-an-dy'ni 
Ma-ri-an-dy'num 
Ma-ri-a'nus 
Ma-ri'ca 
Ma-ri'ci 3 
Marl-cus 
Ma-ri'na 
Ma-ri'nus 
Ma'ri-on 
Ma'ris 
Ma-ris'ea 
Marl-sus 
Ma-ri'ta (Lex) 

* Ma-rifi-ma 
Ma'ri-us 
Mar'ma-cus 
Mar-ma-ren ses 
Mar-marl-ca 
Mar-marl-dee 
Mar-ma'ri-on 
Ma'ro 1 
Mar-o-bu'du-i 3 
Ma'ron 
Mar-o-ne'a 
Mar-pe'si-a 10 
Mar-pes'sa 
Mar-pe'sus 
Martes 

* Mar-ruti-l 
Mar-ru-ci'ni 
Mar-ru'vi-um or 

Mar-ru/bi-um 



ME 
Mars 

Mar-sa3'u8 
Mar'sa-la 
Mar'se 8 
Martd 3 
Mar-sigtoi 3 

* Mars'pi-ter 
Mar-sy'a-ba 

* Mar'sy-as 
Mar'tha 
Marti-a 10 
Mar-ti-alis 
Mar'ti-al (Eng.) 
Mar-ti-a'nus 

* Mar-tig'e-na 
Mar-ti'na 
Mar-tin-i-a'nu8 
Marti-us 10 
Ma-rullus 
Mas-se-syl'i-i 4 

* Mas-ce'zel 

* Mas'cli-on 

* Mas-i-gi'ton 
Mas-i-nis'sa 
Mas'sa 
Mas'sa-ga 
iMas-sagVtse 
Mas-sa'na 7 
Mas-sa'ni 3 
Mas'si-cus 
Mas-sil'i-a 7 
Mas-syla 

Mas-syli 

* Mas-syl'i-a 
' Mas-syl'i-us 

Mas-tram'e-la 
Ma-su'ri-us 

Ma-thi'on 
Ma'tho 
Ma-ti-e'ni 
Ma-ti'nus 
Ma-tis'co 
Ma-trali-a 
a'tre-as 

* Matfro-na 
Ma-tro'na (a river) 
Mat-ro-nali-a 
Mat-ti'a-ci 3 

* Ma-tu'ce-tae 
Ma-tu'ta 
*Mat-uti'nus 
Mau'ri 3 

* Mau'ri-cus 
Mau-ri-ta'ni-a 
Mau'rus 

t Mau-ru'si-a 
Mau-ru'si-i 4 11 

* Mau-so-le'um 

* Mail-soli 
Mau-solus 
Ma'vors 
Ma-vorti-a 10 
Max-en'ti-us 10 

* Max-e'rsB 
Max-im-i-a'nus 
Max-i-mil-i-a'na 
Max-i-mi'nus 
Maifi-min (Eng.) 
Max'i-mus 
Maz'a-ca 

* Maz'a-ces 
Ma-za'ces 
Ma-zse'us 
Ma-za'res 

* Maz'a-res 
Maz'e-ras 

Ma-zi'ces and Ma-zy'ges 

* Me'a-rus 

Me-cse'nas or Me-coe'nas 
Me-cha'ne-us 
Me-cis'te-us 

* Mec-oa-na'tes (pi.) 



ME 
Mec'ri-da 
Me-de'a 

Me'de-on 
Me-des-i-cas'te 8 
Me'di-a 7 
Me'di-as 
Med'i-cus 
Me-di-o-la'num 

Me-di'o-lum 
Me-di-o-ma-tri'ces or 

Me-di-o-ma-tri'ci 

Me'di-on 
Me-di-ox'u-mi 
Med-i-tri'na 
Me-do'a-cus or 

Me-du'a-cus 
Med-o-bith'y-ni 
Me-dob'ri-ga 
Me'don 
Me-don'ti-as 10 

Me-do'res 
Med-u-a'na 

Med'u-li 

Me-dulli-a 
Med-ul-li'na 
Me'dus 
Me-du'sa 
Me-gab'i-zi 

* Meg-a-by'si 
Meg-a-by'zus 
Meg'a-cles 
Me-gacli-dea 
Me-gae'ra 
Me-gale 
Me-gale-as 
Meg-a-le'si-a 11 
Me-gali-a 
Meg-a-lop'o-lis 
Meg-a-me'de 8 
Meg-a-ni'ra 
Meg-a-pen'tbes 
MegVras 

* Meg'a-reus 3 or 
Me-ga're-us 

* Meg-a-re'us (adj.) 
Meg'a-ris 
Me-gar'sus 
Me-gas'tbe-nes 
' Meg-a-ti'chus 



Me-gilla 
Me-gis'ta 
Me-gis'ti-a 
f Me-gis'ti-as 
" Te-lae'nss 

Mel-am-pe'a 
Me-lara'pus 
Mel-am-py'ges 

* Mel-am-py'gus 
Mela, Pom-po'ni-U3 
t Mel-an-cha3'te3 
Mel-an-chlas'ni 
Me-lan'chrus 
Mel'a-ne 

* Mel'a-nes 
Mel'a-neus 
Me-la'ne-us 

* Me-la'ni-a 
Me-lan'i-da 
Me-la'ni-on 
Mel-a-nip'pe 
Mel-a-nip'pi-des 
Mel-a-nip'pus 
Mel-a-no'pus 
Mel-a-nos'y-ri 
Me-lan'thi-i 

* Me-lan'thi-on 
Me-lan'tbi-us 
Me-lan'tho 
Me-lan'thus 
Melas 

* Mel-com'a-ni 



ME 
Me-le-a'ger 
' Me-le'a-ger 
Me-le-ag'ri-des 
Mel-e-san'der 
Meles 
Mel'e-se 
Mel-e-sig'e-nes or 

Mel-e-sig'e-na 

Mel'e-te 
Meli-a 

Me-lib'o-cus 
t Mel-i-bce'a 
Mel-i-boe'us 
Mel-i-cer'ta 

Mel'i-cbus 

Meli-e 
Mel-i-gu'nis 
Me-li'na 

Mel'i-nus 
Me-li'sa 7 

Mel'i-se 
Me-lis'sa 
Me-lis'sus 
Mel'i-ta or Mel'i-te 

Mel-i-te'na 
Mel-i-te'ne 

Mel'i-to 
Mel'i-tus 
Meli-us 
Mel-ix-an'drus 
t Mella An-naB'ua 
Me-lob'o-sis* 
Melon 
Melos 
Mel'pi-a 
Mel-pom'e-ne 
Me-mac'e-ni 
Mem'mi-a Sul-pit'i-a 
Mem'mi-us 
Mem'non 

* Mem'no-nes 

* Mem-no-ni'um 

* Mem-no'ni-us 
Mem'phis 

* Mem-phi'tes 
Mem-phi'tis 
Me'na or Me'nes 
Me-nal'cas 
Me-nal'ci-das 
Men-a-lip'pe 
Men-a-lip'pus 
Me-nan'der 

* Men-an-dre'us 

* Men'a-pi 
Me-na'pi-i 
Men'a-pis 
Me'nas 
Men-che'res 
Men'des 
Me-ne'cles 
Men-e-cli'des 

* Men-e-colus 
Me-nec'ra-tes 
Men-e-de'mus 
Me-neg'e-tas 
Men-e-la'i-a 

* Men-e-la-i'a 
Men-e-la'us 
Me-ne'ni-us A-grip'pa 
Men'e-phron 
Me'nee 

Men-es-tbel Portus 
Me-nes'tbe-us, 

Mnes'the-us, or 

Me-nes'te-us 
Me-nes'thi-us 
Men'e-tas 
Me-nip'pa 
Me-nip'pi-des 
Me-nip'pus 
Me'ni-us 
Men'nis 



ME 
Me-nod'o-tus 
Me-nce'ce-us 
Me-nce'tes 

* Men-oe-ti'a-deB 
Me-noe'ti-us 
Me'non 
Me-noph'i-lus 
Men'ta or Min'the 
Men'tes 
Men-tis'sa 
Men'to 
Men'tor 

Men'to-rea 
Me-nyl'lus 

Me-pbi'tis 
Me'ra 
Me'ra or Mce'ra 

Mer-ce-di'nus 
Mer-cu'ri-us 
Mer'cu-ry (Eng.; 
Me-ri'o-nes 
Mer'me-ros 
Mertne-rus 
Merm'na-diB 

Mer'mo-das 
Mer'o-e 8 
Mer'o-pe 8 

* Mer'o-pia 
Me'rops 
Me'ros 

Merti-la, Cor-neli-us 

Me-sab'a-tes 

Me-saln-us 

Me-sa'pi-a 

Me-sau'bi-us 

Me-seml)ri-a 

Me-se'ne 

* Me-sob'o-a 
Mes-o-me'des 
Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a 

* Mes-sab'a-tae 
Mes-sala 

Mes-sa-li'na Va-le'ri-a 
Mes-sa-li'nus, M.Va-le'ri« 

us 
Mes-sa'na 
Mes-sa'pi-a 

* Mes-sa'pus 
Mes'sa-tis 
Mes'se 
Mes-se'is 

Mes-se'ne or Mes-se'na 
Mes-se'ni-a 

* Mes'o-a 

* Mes-so'gis 
Mes'tor 
Me-sula 
Mefa-bus 
Met-a-gifni-a 

* Mef a-gon 

* Met-a-mor-pho'sis 
Met-a-ni'ra 

* Met-a-pon-ti'ni 
Met-a-pon'tum 
Met-a-pon'tus 
Me-tau'rus 

* Me-telis 
Me-tella 
Me-telli 

* Me-temp-sy-cho'sis 

* Met-e-re'a 

* Meth'a-na 
Me-thar'ma 
Me-thi'on 29 
Me-tho'di-us 
Me-tho'ne 

* Meth'o-ra 
Me-thyd'ri-um 
Me-thym'na 
Me-ti-a-du'sa 21 
Me-til'i-a Lex 
Me-til'i-i 



1 Maria. — Tbis word, says Labbe, derived from tbe He- 
brew, has the accent on the second syllable ; but when a 
Latin word, the feminine of Marius, it has the accent on the 
first. 

2 Megara. — I have, in this word, followed Labbe, Ains- 
worth, Gouldman, and Holyoke, by adopting the antepenult- 
imate accent, in opposition to Lempriere, who accents the 
yenultimate syllable. 

3 Megareus. — Labbe pronounces this word in four sylla- 



bles when a noun substantive ; but Ainsworth marks it as a 
trisyllable when a proper name, and, in my opinion, incorrect- 
ly. [Ainsworth is right See Ovid, Met., x., 600'.— Trollope.] 
See Idomeneus. 

* Melobosis. — In this word I have given the preference to 
the antepenultimate accent, with Labbe, Gouldman, and 
Holyoke, though the penultimate, which Lempriere has 
adopted, is more agreeable to the ear. [In both the second 
and third syllables, the o is the Greek omicron.— Trollope 1 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



35 



MI 

* Me-tilis 
Me-tiTi-us 
Me-ti'o~chus 
Me'ti-on 
Me'tis 
Me-tis'cus 
Me'ti-us 
Me-toe'ci-a 
Me'ton 
Mefo-pe 8 

* Me-to'pe 

* Mef o-res 
Me'tra 
tMe-tra-gyr'te 

* Me-tro'a 
Me-tro'bi-ua 
Mefro-cles 
Met-ro-do'rus 
Me-troph'a-nes 
Me-trop'o-lis 
Mefti-us 10 

f Me-tulum 
Me-va'ni-a 
Me'vi-us 
Me-zen'ti-us 

* Mi-a-co'rus 

* Mic-co-tro'gU8 
Mi-ce'a 

* Mi-celffl 
Mi-cip'sa 

* Mic'i-te 
Mi-cy'thua 

* Mid-a-i'on 
Mi'das 
Mi-de'a 
Mid'e-a 

* Mi'e-za 
Mi-la'ni-on 
Mi-le'si-i 4 11 
Mi-le'si-ua 10 
Mi-le'ti-a 10 
Mi-le'ti-um 10 
Mi-le'tus 
Mil'i-as 
Mil'i-chus 
Mi-li'nus 
Mil-i-o'ni-a 

* Mil-iz-i-ge'ri8 
Milo 

Mi-lo'ni-u3 
Mil-ti'a-des 
Mil'to 
Mil'vi-us 
Mil'y-as 
Mi-maTlo-nea 
Mi'mas 

* Mim-ne'dus 
Mim-ner'mus 
Min'ci-us 
Min'da-rus 
Mi-ne'i-des 
Mi-nerVa 
Min-er-vaTi-a 
Min'i-o 
Min-nse'i 3 
Mi-no'a 
Mi-no'is 
Mi'nos 

Min-o-tau'rus 
Min'the 
Min-tur'nse 10 
Mi-nu'ti-a 

Mi-nu'ti-us Au-gu-ri'nus 
Min'y-se 

Min'y-as 

Min'y-cus 

Mi-ny'i-a 

Min'y-tus 

Mir'a-ces 



MO 

* Mis'ce-ra 
Mi-se'num 

Mi-se'nus 

* Mis-ge'tes 
Mi-sith'e-us 

t Mith-ra-cen'ses 

Mith-ra-da'tes 

Mi'thras 

Mi-thre'nea 

Mith-ri-da'tes 

Mith-ri-da'tis 

Mith-ro-bar-za'nea 

Mit-y-le'ne 

Mit-y-le'nae 

Mi'tys 

Mi-zae'i 

Mna-sal'ces 

* Mna'se-as 11 
Mnas'i-cle8 
Mna-sip'pi-das 
Mna-sip'pus 
Mna-sith'e-us 
Mna'son 

t Mna-sylus 
Mna-syrl-um 

* Mne-mi'um 
Mne'mon 
Mne-mos'y-ue 3 
Mne-sar'chus 

* Mnes-i-bulus 
Mne-sid'a-mus 

* Mnes-i-da'mus 
Mne6-i-la'us 
Mne-sim'a-che 
Mne-sim'a-chus 

* Mne-sith'e-us 
Mnes'ter 
Mnes'the-us 
Mnes'ti-a 
Mnes'tra 
Mne'vis 
Mo-a-pher'nes 

* Mo-cor'e-tiB 
Mo-des'tus 
Mo'di-a 

* Mod'o-nus 
Moe'ci-a 5 10 
Moe'nus 
Moe'di 
Mce'on 
Moe-on'i-de8 
Moe'ra 

Mce-rag'e-tes 
Mce'ris 
Moe'si-a 

* Mo-gun'ti-a 
Mo-gy'ni 
Mo-le'i-a 

* Mo-li'a 
t Mo-li'on 
Mo-li'o-ne 
Molo 
Mo-loe'is 
Mo-lor'chus 12 
Mo-los'si 3 

Mo-los'sia or Mo-los'sis 
Mo-los'sus 
Mol-pa'di-a 

Mol'pus 
Molus 

* Mol-y-cre'um 

* Mo-lyc'ri-a 
Mo-lyc'ri-on 

* Mo-ly'rus 
Mo-mem'phis 
Mo'mus 
Mo'na 

* Mon'a-cbi 

* Mon-a-chi'um 



MU 
Mo-nae'ses 

* Mo-ne'ses 
Mo-ne'sus 
Mo-ne'ta 

* Mon'i-ca 
Mon'i-ma 
Mon'i-mus 

* Mon-o-dac'ty-lus 
Mon'o-dus 
Mo-noe'cus 
Mo-nole-us 

* Mon'o-mus 
Mo-noph'a-ge 
Mo-noph'i-lus 

* Mo-nos'ce-li 

* Mo-no-the-li'tsB 
Mon-ta'nus 
Mon'y-chus 6 12 
Mon'y-mus 
Mo'phis 
Mop'si-um 
Mop-so'pi-a 

* Mop'eo-pus 

* Mop-su-es'ti-a 
Mop'su9 
Mor-gan'ti-utn 10 

* Mor-ge'tes 

* Mor-i-me'ne 
Mori-ni 
Mo-ri-tas'gus 
Mo'ri-us 
Mor'phe-us 
Mors 
Mo'rys 
Mo'sa 
Mos'cha 
Mos'chi 3 12 
Mos'chi-on 

* Mos-cho-pu'lus 
Mos'chus 
Mo-sella 
Mo'ses 
Mo-sychlus 
Mos-y-nae'ci 3 

* Mo-sy'ni 
Mo-tho'ne 

* Mo-ti-e'ni 
Mo-ty'a 

* Mo'y-ses 
Mu-ci-a'nus 
Mu'ci-us 10 
Mu'crae 
Mul'ci-ber 
Mu-lu'cha 1 
MuTvi-us Pons 
Mum'rai-us 
Mu-na'ti-us 10 
Mun'da 
Mu-ni'tus 
Mu-nych'i-a 
Mu-nych'i-a3 
Mu-rae'na 
Mur'cus 
Mu-re'tua 
Mur-gan'ti-a 10 

* Mur-ra'nus 
Mur-rhe'nus 
Mur'ti-a 10 
Mus 

Mu'sa An-to'ni-us 

Mu'sse 

Mu-sae'us 

* Mu-sag'e-tes 

* Mu-se'a 

* Mu-se'um 
Mu-so'ni-us Ru'fus 
Mus-tela 

t Mu'ta 
Mu-thullus 



MY 

Mu'ti a 10 

t Mu-ti'ca 

Mu-til'i-a 

Mu'ti-na 

Mu-ti'na 

Mu-ti'nea 

Mu-ti'nus 

Mu'ti-us 10 

Mu-tu'nus 

Mu-tus'csB 

t Mu-ze'ris 

My-a'grus or My'o-des 

Myc'a-le 

Myc-a-les'sus 

My-ce'naa 

Myc-e-ri'nus 

Myc-i-ber'na 

Mycl-thus 

My'con 

Myc'o-ne or 

t Myc'o-nos 2 
My'don 
My-ec'pho-ris 
My-e'nus 

* Myg'a-le 
Myg'don 

* Myg"do-nes 
Myg-do'ni-a 
Myg'do-nus 

t Myg-do'nus 

* My-i'a-grus 
My-las'sa 
Myle or Mylas 
Myles 
My-lifta 

* Myn'do-nes 
Myn'dus 
My'nes 
Myn'i-se 4 

* My'o-nes 

* My-o-ne'sus 
My-o'ni-a 

t My*ra 

* Myr'a-ces 

* Myr'ge-taB 

* My-ri'ca 

* My-ri'ce 
My-ri'cus 
My-ri'na 
My-ri'nus 3 

* Myr'i-nus 
Myri-oe 

* Myr-i-on'y-ma 

* Myr-le'a 
Myr-mec'i-des 

* Myr-me'ci-um 
Myr-mid'o-nea 
My'ron 
My-ro-ni-a'nua 
My-ron'i-des 
My-ro'nus 
Myr'rba 

* Myrrhi-nus 
Myr'si-lus 
Myr'si-nua 
Myr'sus 
Myr'ta-le 
Myr'te-a 
Myr'ti-lus 
Myitis 

Myr-to'um Ma*re 
Myr-tun'ti-um 10 
Myr-tu'sa 
My-scellus 
Mysi-a 11 
My-so-ma-ced'o-ne8 
My'son 

Myg'tes 
Myth'e-cus 



Myt-i-le'ne 
My'us 



NA 



N. 



NAB-AR-ZA-NES 
Nab-a-thse'a 

Nab'a-thes 
NaT>is 

Nac'o-Ie 

Nac'o-ne 
Na-dag'a-ra 
Nae'ni-a 

* Nae'vi-a 
Nae'vi-ua 
Naev'o-lua 

* Na-ge'ri 
Na-harVa-li 3 
Nal-a-dea 
tNa-i'a-des 

* Na'i-a3 

* Na'i-cus 
Nals 

t Na-is'sus or Nes'au* 

* Nam-ne'tes 
Na-pae'ae 

* Na-pe'a* 
Na-pa'ta 

* Na-pe'gua 
Naph'i-lus 
Nar 
Nai^bo 

* Nar-bo'na 
Nar-bo-nen'sis 
Nar-cae'us 

t Nar-ce'a 
Nar-cis'sus 
Nar'ga-ra 
Na-ris'ci 3 
Nar'ni-a or Nar'ua 
Nar'ses 
Nar-the'ci3 
Na-ryc'i-a 10 

* Nas'a-mon 
Nas-a-mo'nes 
Nas'ci-o or Na'ti o 

* Na-si'ca 4 
Na-sid-i-e'nus 
Na-sidl-ua 
Na'so 

Nas'sus or Na'sus 

Nas'u-a 10 

Na-tali-a 

Na-ta'lis 

Nafta 

Nau'bo-lus 

Nau'cles 

Nau'cra-tes 

Nau'cra-tia 

* Nau-cy / de8 
Naulo-chus 
Nau-pac'tus or 

Nau-pac'tum 
Nau'pli-a 
Nau-pli'a-des 
Nau'pli-us 
t Nau-por'tus 
Nau'ra 
Nau-sic'a-a 

* Naxi-sic'a-o 
Nau'si-cles 
Nau-sim'e-nes 

Nau-si-ni'cua 
Nau-sith'o-e 
Nau-sith'o-us 
Nau'tes 17 
Na'va 



i Mulucha.— This word is accented on the antepenultimate 
syllable by Labbe, Lempriere, and Ainsworth ; and on the pe- 
nultimate by Gouldman and Holyoke. Labbe, indeed, says 
ut volueris ; and I shall certainly avail myself of this permis- 
sion to place the accent on the penultimate ; for when this 
syllable ends with u, the English have a strong propensity 
to place the accent on it, even in opposition to etymology, 
as in the word Arbutus. 

2 Myconos. — An English ear seems to have a strong predi- 
lection for the penultimate accent on the words Mycale and 
Mycone ; but all our prosodists accent them on the antepenul- 
timate. The same may be observed of Mutina.— See note on 



Oryus. [Ovid, Met, xii., 263 : Mater erat Mycale, &.c. — m., 
463 : Hinc humilem Myconon, Sec. — xv., 823 : Victa peteru 
Mutina, &c. — Trollope.) 

3 Myrinus. — Labbe is the only prosodist I have met with 
who accents this word on the antepenultimate syllable ; and as 
this accentuation is so contrary to analogy, I have followed 
Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke, with the ac- 
cent on the penultimate. See the word in the Terminalionai 
Vocabulary. [This may be true of the epithet of Apollo, bo 
called from the town Myryna, but not of the name of a glad- 
iator mentioned in Mart., Epig., xii., 29 : Nuper cum Myrine 
peteretur, &c— Trollope.] * This is the true accent.— Ed 



36 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



NE 
Na'vi-us Ac'ti-us 
Nax'os 
Ne-sa'ra 
Ne-ee'thus 
Ne-al'ces 
Ne-al'i-ces 

* Ne-an-dri'a 
Ne-an'thes 

Ne-ap'a-phos 
Ne-ap'o-lis 
Ne-ar'chus 
Ne-bro'des 
Ne-broph'o-nos 

* Ne-broph'o-nus 

* Neb'u-la 
Ne'chos 

* Ne-crop'o-lis 
Nec-ta-neTms and 

Nec-tan'a-bis 

* Nec-ti-be'res 
Ne-cys'i-a 10 
Ne'ia 

* Ne-i'tee 
Nele-us 

* Ne-li'dea 
Nelo 

Ne-mse'a (games) 
Ne'me-a (town) 
Ne-me-si-a'nua 21 
Nem'e-sis 
Ne-me'si-us 
Nem'e-tes 
Ne-me'us 
Nem-o-ra'li-a 
Ne-mos'sus 
Ne-o-bule l 
Ne-o-caas-a-re'a 
Ne-och'a-bis 
Ne'o-cles 

* Ne-o-cli'des 

* Ne-o-co'rus 
Ne-og'e-nes 

* Ne-om'a-gus 

* Ne-o-me'ni-a 
No-om'o-ris 
Ne'on 
Ne-on-ti'chos 12 

* Ne-on-ti'chus 

* Ne'o-phron 
Ne-op-tol'e-mus 
Ne'o-riss 

* Ne-o'the-us 
Ne'pe 

* Nep'e-te 
Ne-phali-a 

Neph'e-le, * Neph-e-le'is 
Neph-e-ri'tes 
Ne'phus 
Ne'pi-a 
Ne'pos 

Ne-po-ti-a'nus 12 
Nep'thys 
Nep-tu'ni-a 

* Nep-tu-ni'ne 
Nep-tu'ni-um 
Nep-tu'ni-us 
Nep-tu'nus 
Nep'tune (Eng.) 
Ne-re'i-des 
Ne're-ids (Eng.) 

* Ne-re'is or 

* Ne're-is 
Ne-re'i-us 



NI 
Ne're-us 3 
t Ne-ri-e'ne 
Ne-ri'ne 
Nerl-phus 

Ne-ri'ta3 
Nerl-tos 
Ne'ri-us 
Ne'ro 
Ne-ro'ni-a 
Ner-to-brigl-a 
Ner'u-lum 
Ner'va Coc-ce'i-us 
Nei"vi-i 3 
Ne-sa3'a 

Ne-si'des « 
Ne-sim'a-chus 12 
Ne>si-o'pe 
Ne'sis 
Ne-so'pe 

* Nes'pe-tos 

* Nes-so'nis 
Nes'sus 
Nes'to-cles 
Nes'tor 

* Nes-tor'i-des 
Nes-to'ri-us 
Nes'tus or Nes'sus 
Ne'tum 
Ne'u-ri 
Ni-cae'a 

Ni-csen'e-tus 
Ni-cag'o-ras 
Ni-can'der 
Ni-ca'nor 
Ni-carichus 

* Ni-car'e-te 
Nic-ar-thi'des 
Ni-ca'tor 

* Ni-cafo-ris 
Ni'ce 8 

* Nic'e-a 
Nic-e-pho'ri-um 
Nic-e-pho'ri-us 
Ni-ceph'o-rus 
Ni'cer 

* Ni-cer'a-tus 
Nic'e-ros 

Ni-ce'tas 

Nic-e-te'ri-a 

Nic'i-a 10 

Nic'i-as 

Ni-cip'pe 

Ni-cip'pus 

Ni'co 

Nic-o-bulus 
Ni-coch'a-res 
Nic'o-cles 
Ni-coc'ra-tes 
Ni-co'cre-on 

* Nic-o-da'mus 
Nic-o-de'mus 
Nic-o-do'rus 
Ni-cod'ro-mus 
Nic-o-la'us 

* Ni-cole-os 
Ni-com'a-cha 
Ni-com'a-chus 
Nic-o-me'des 

* Nic-o-me-di'a 
Ni-co-me'di-a 
Ni'con 
Ni-co'ni-a 
Ni-coph'a-nes 



NO 

Nic'o-phron 

Ni-cop'o-lis 

Ni-cos'tra-ta 

Ni-cos'tra-tus 

Nic-o-tele-a 

Nic-o-te-le'a 
Ni-cot'e-les 
Ni'ger 
Ni-gid'i-us Fig'u-lus 

Ni-gre'tes 
Ni-gri'tae 

Ni-la'mon 
Nil'e-us 

* Ni-li'a-cus 

* Ni-lo'tis 
Nilus 

* Nin'i-ve 
Nin'i-as 
Nin'ni-us 

Nin'o-e 
Ni'nus 
Nin'y-as 
Ni'o-be 
Ni-phse'us 
Ni-pha'tes 
Ni'phe 
NirVus 
Ni'sa 
Ni-sse'a 
Ni-ste'e 
Ni-se'i-a 
Nisl-bis 

Ni-so'pe 
Ni'sus 
Ni-sy'ros 

* Ni-sy'rus 
Ni-te'tis 

* Nit-i-ob'ri-ges 
Ni-to'cris 
Nifri-a 

t Ni-va'ri-a 
No'as 
Noc'mon 
Noc-ti-lu'ca 
No-di'nus 

* No-e'mon 
No'la 

* No-la'nus 
Noia'a-dea 
No'mae 

Nom-en-ta'nu3 
No-men'tum 
No'mi-i 3 

* No-mi'on 
No'mi-us 

* No-moph'y-lax 

* No-moth'e-tse 

* Non-a cri'nus 

* Non'a-cris 
No-na'cris 4 - 
No'ni-us 
Non'ni-us 
Non'nus 

t No'nus 

No'pi-a or Ci-no'pl- 

No'ra 

No'rax 

NorTja 

Nor-ba'nus 

* No-ric'i-i 
Nor'i-cum 
Nor-thip'pus 
Nor'ti-a 10 



NY 

* Nos-o-co-mi'um 

* Nos'o-ra 
No'thus 
No-ti'um 10 
No'tus 
No-va'ri-a 
No-va'tus 

* Nov-em-pa'gi 

* Nov-em-pop'u-lis 

* No-vem'si-les 

* Nov'e-rus 

t No-ve'si-um 
No-vi-o-du'num 
No-vi-om'a-gum 
No-vi-om'a-gus 
t No'vi-um 
No'vi-us Pris'cus 

* Nov-o-co'mura 

* No-vom'a-gus 
Nox 

Nu-ce'ri-a 
Nu-ith'o-nes 
Nu'ma Mar'ti-us 
Nu'ma Pom-pil'i-us 
Nu-ma'na 
Nu-man'ti-a 
Nu-man-ti'na 

* Nu-man-ti'nus 
Nu-ma'nus Rem'u-lus 
Nu'me-nes 
Nu-me'ni-a or 

Ne-o-me'ni-a 
Nu-me'ni-us 
t Nu-me'ri-a 
Nu-me-ri-a'nus 
Nu-me'ri-us 

* Nu-mic'i-us 
Nu-mi'cus 5 
Nu'mi-da 

* Nu'mi-dse 
Nu-mid'i-a 
Nu-mid'i-us 
t Nu-mis'tro 
Nu'mi-tor 
Nu-mi-to'ri-us 
Nu-mo'ni-us 
Nun-co're-us 
Nun'di-na6 
Nur'saa 
Nur'sci-a 
Nur'si-a 19 
Nu'tri-a 
Nyc-te'is 

t Nyc-teli-a 
Nyc-teli-us 
Nyc'te-us 

* Nyc'ti-lus 
Nyc-tim-e-ne 
Nyc'ti-mus 
Nym-bae'um 
Nym'phae 
Nymphs (Eng.) 
Nym-phaVum 
Nym-phBe'us 
Nym-pbid'i-us 
Nyra'pais 
Nym-pho-do'rus 
Nym-pho-lep'tes 

* Nym-phom'a-nes 
Nym'phon 
Nj r p'si-us 

Ny'sa or Nys'sa 
iNy-sse'us 



OD 

Ny'sas 

* Ny-se'um 

Ny-se'i-um 

Ny-si'a-des 

Nys'i-ae Por'tae 
Nys'i-as 
Ny-sig'e-na 

Ny-si'ros 

t Nys'i-us 

Nys'sa 



O. 



O-ATtl-ON 
O-ar'ses 
O'a-rus 

O'a-ses 
O'a-sis 
O-ax'es 
O-ax'us 

Ob'o-da 

Ob'ri-mo 

Ob'se-quens 
Ob-ul-tro'ni-us 
O-cale-a or O-cali-a 
O-ce'a-na 7 
O-ce-an'i-des and 
O-ce-an-it'i-des 

* O-ce-an-i'tis 
O-ce'a-nus 
O-ce'i-a 

O-celis 
O-cellus 

Oc'e-lum 
O'cha 

* O-che'ni-us 
O-che'si-us 11 

* Och'ro-na 
O'chus 12 

* Och-y-ro'ma 
Oc'nus 

* O-colum 

* O-cric'o-1 
O-cric'u-lum 
O-crid'i-on 
O-cris'i-a 
Oc-ta-cilli-us 
Oc-ta'vi-a 
Oc-ta-vi-a'nus 
Oc-ta'vi-us 

t Oc-to-ge'sa 

Oc-tol'o-phum 

O-cy'a-lus 

O-cyp'e-te 8 

O-cyr'o-e 

Od-e-na'tus 

O-des'sus 

* O-de'um 
O-di'nus 
Odin (Eng.) 
O-di'tes 

* O-do'a-cer 
Od-o-a'cer 

* O-do'ca 
Od-o-man'ti 3 
Od ; o-nes 
Od'ry-sa? 
O-dys'se-a 
Od-ys-se'a 
Od'ys-sey (Eng.) 

* Od-ys-se'um 



1 Neobule. — Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, Littleton, and 
Holyoke give this word the penultimate accent, and therefore 
I have preferred it to the antepenultimate accent given it by 
Lempriere, not only from the number of authorities in its fa- 
vor, but from its being more agreeable to analogy. [Compare 
Hor., Od. hi., 13, 5.—Trollope.] 

2 Neoris.— The authorities are nearly equally balanced be- 
tween the penultimate and antepenultimate accent; and 
therefore I may say, as Labbe sometimes does, ut volueris ; 
but I am inclined rather to the antepenultimate accent, as 
more agreeable to analogy, though I think the penultimate 
more agreeable to the ear. 

3 Nereus. — Old Nereus to the sea was born of earth — 
Nereut, who claims the precedence in birth 
To their descendants ; him old god they call, 
Because sincere and affable to all. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v., 357. 

* Nonafiris.— Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke 



give this word the antepenultimate accent ; but Lempriere, 
Littleton, and the Graduses place the accent, more agreeably 
to analogy, on the penultimate. [The latter is correct. Sf*> 
Ovid, Met., viii., 426.— Fast., v., 97.— Trollope.} 

5 Numicus. — 

Our fleet Apollo sends 
Where Tuscan Tyber rolls with rapid force, 
And where Numicus opes his holy source. 

Dryden. 

6 Nundina. — Lempriere places the accent on the penulti- 
mate syllable of this word ; but Labbe, Gouldman, and Hol- 
yoke on the antepenultimate. Ainsworth marks it in the 
same manner among the appellatives, nor can there be any 
doubt of its propriety. 

7 Oceana. — So prone are the English to lay the accent on 
the penultimate of words of this termination, that we scarce- 
ly ever hear the famous Oceana of Harrington pronounced 
otherwise. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



3? 



OL 

CE-ag'a-rus and 
CE'a-geri 5 

* CE'a-grus 
CE-an'thse and 

CE-an'thi-a 

* 03-an-the'a 
CE'ax 5 
CE-bali-a 
(Eb'a-lus 5 
CEb'a-res 

* CE-bo'tas 
CE-chali-a 
CE'cle-us 
CE-cli'des 
CEc-u-me'ni-ua 
CEd-i-po'di-a 

* CEd-i-po-di'on 
CEdi-pus 5 
CE'me 8 
CE-nan'thes 
CE'ne 
Oi'ne-a 

* CE-ne-o'ne 
CE'ne-us 
(E-ni'des 
(En'o-e 
CE-nom'a-us 
QE'non 
CE-no'na 7 
CE-no'ne 8 
CE-no'pi-a 
CE-nop'i-des 
CE-no'pi-on 
*t CE-no'tri 3 
CE-no'tri-a 
(E-no'trus 
CE-nu'sae 
CE'o-nus 
CEr-o-e 8 

* CE-sy'me 
CE'ta 7 

CEt'y-lus or CEfy-lum 

O-fellus 

O'fi 3 

Og-dol'a-pis 

Og-do'rus 

* Og'e-nos 
i O-glo'sa 
Og'mi-us 
Og'o-a 7 

* O-go'a 
O-gul'ni-a 
Og>ges2 
O-gygl-a 

* O-gyg-i-daa 
Og'y-ris 
O-icle-us 
O-il'e-us 
O-i-li'des 
Ol'a-ne 8 
O-la'nus 
Olha or Ol'bus 

* Ol-belus 
OVhi-a 
Ol'bi-us 
Ol-chin'i-um 
O-le'a-ros or Ol'i-ros 20 
O-le'a-trum 

Olen 

* Ol'e-nos 

Ol'e-nus or Ol'e-nura 20 
O-le-o'rus 

* Ol'e-rus 
Ol'ga-sys 
OH-gyrtis 
O-lin'i-ae 
O-lin'thus 



OP 

* Ol-i-si'po or -ip'po 
Ol-i-tin'gi 

* O-li'zon 
OlTi-us 
Ol-loVi-co 
Ol'mi-ae 
Ol'mi-us 

* Ol-mi'us 

* Ol-mo'nes 
Ol-o-phyx'us 

* Ol'o-rus 

* Ol-ym-pe'ne 
O-lym'pe-um 
O-lym'pi-a 

* Ol-ym-pi'a-des 
O-lym'pi-as 

* O-lym'pi-cus 

* O-lym-pi-e'um 
O-lym-pi-o-do'rus 

* O-lym-pi-o-ni'ces 
O-lym'pi-us 
0-lym'pu8 
Ol-ym-pu'sa 
O-lyn'thus 
O-ly'ras 

* O-lys'si-po 
O-ly'zon 
O-ma'ri-us 
Om'bi 3 
OmTni 3 

* Omlm-ci 

* Om^ri-os 

* Om-bro'nes 
Om'o-le 
Om-o-pha'gi-a 

Om'pha-ce 
Om'pha-le 3 
Om'pha-los 
t Om'pbis 
O-nae'um or O-ae'ne-um 

On'a-ger 
O-na'rus 
O-nas'i-mus 
O-na'tas 

On-ce'um 
On-ches'tus 

On'cho-e 
O-ne'i-orf 
On-e-sic'ri-tus 
O-nes'i-mus 
On-e-sip'pus 
0-ne'si-u3 10 
On-e-torl-des 
O'ni-um 

O-ni'on 

O-ni'um 
On'o-ba 

On-o-cho'nus 
On-o-mac'ri-tus 
On-o-mar'chus 
On-o-mas-torl-des 
On-o-mas'tus 
On'o-phas, On'o-phis 
On-o-san'der 

O-nugna-thus 

* O-ny'thes 
0-pa1i-a 

* O-pel'i-cus 
O-phe'as 
O-phelas 
O-pbel'tes 
O-phen'sis 
O'pbi-a 
O-phi'a-des 
O'phi-as 

O-phi-o'des 
O-phi-og'e-nes 



OR 

O-phi'on 

* O-phi'o-nes 
O-phi-o'ne-us 
t O'phis 

* Oph-i-te'a 

* O-phi'tes 

* O-phi-u'chus 
O'phi-us 
O-pbi-u'sa 

* O-phlo'nes 

* Oph-ry-ne'um 
Op'i-ci 
O-pig'e-na 
O-pil'i-us 

* O-pi'ma Spoli-a 

* O-pim-i-a'nus 
O-pim'i-us 
O'pis 

* Op-is-thoc'o-mae 
Op'i-ter 
Op-i-ter-gi'ni 
O-pi'tes 

* Op'o-is 

* O-po'pe-us 

* O-pori-nus 
Op'pi-a 
Op-pi-a'nus 
Op-pid'i-us 
Op'pi-us 
tOps 
Op-ta'tus 
Op'ti-mus 

* O-pun'ti-a 
O'pus 
O'ra 7 
O-rac'u-lum 
O-rae'a 
Or'a-sus 
Or-belus 
Or-biTi-us 
Or-bo'na 
Or'ca-des 
Or-chaTis 
Or'cha-mus 

* Or-chis-te'ne 
Or-chom'e-nus or 

Or-chom'e-num 

* Or-cbom'e-nos 

* Or-ci'nus 
Or'cus 
Or-cyn'i-a 
Or-des'sus 

Or-do-vi'ces 
O-re'a-des 
art-ads (Eng.) 
O're-as' 

O're-os 

* Or-e-sifro-phus 
O-res'tse 
O-res'tes 
O-res'te-um 
Or-es-ti'dee 

Or-es-ti'des and 
* O-res'ti-des 

Or-es-tilla 

Or'e-tae 

Or-e-ta'ni 3 

Or-e-til'i-a 

O-re'um 
O're-us 

Or'ga or Or'gas 

* Or'ga-na 
Or-ges'sum 
Or-get'o-rix 
Or'gi-a 
O-rib'a-sus 

* Or'i-cos 



OS 

Orl-cum or Orlrcus 

O'ri-ens 

Or'i-gen 

* O-rig'e-nes 
O-ri'go 

* O-ri'ne 
O-ri'nus 
0-ri-ob'a-te8 
O-ri'on 28 
O-ris'sus 
Or-i-sul'la Liv'i-a 
O-ri'tae 5 

* O-rith'i-as 
O-rith-y-i'a 

* Or-i-thy'oa 
O-rifi-as 10 
O-ri-un'dus 
x O-ri'us 
Or'me-nus 20 

* Or'me-nos 
Or'ne-a 

* Or'ne-ae 
Or'ne-us 

* Or-ne'us 
Or-ni'thon 
Or'ni-tus 
Or-nos'pa-des 
Or-nyt'i-on 11 
t Or-o-an'da 

* Or'o-ba 
O-roT^i-a 
O-rolDi-i 

* Or'o-bis 
O-ro'des 
O-roe'tes 
O-rom'e-don 
O-ron'tas 
O-ron'tes 

* Or-on-te'us 
Or-o-pher'nes 
O-ro'pus 

* Or'o-sa 
O-ro'si-us 11 

* O-ros'pe-da 
Or'phe-us or Or'pheus* 

* Or'pbi-tus 
Or-sed'i-ce 
Or-se'is 
Or-sillus 
Or-sil'o-cbua 
Or-si'nes 4 
Or-sip'pus 
Or'ta-lus 
Or-thee'a 
Or-thag'o-ras 
Or'the 8 
Or'thi-a 4 7 

Or-tho'si3 
Or'thms 

Or-to'na 
Or-tyg'i-a 
Or-tyg'i-us 
O'rus 

O-ry-an'der 
O-ry'us 5 
O'ryx 
t O-sa'ces 
Os-cho-pho'ri-a 
Os'ci 3 
Os'ci-us 10 
Os'cus 
t O'si 
O-sin'i-us 
O-si'ris 
O-sis'mi-i 
Os'pha-gus 
Os-rho-e'ne 



PjE 
Os'sa 

Os-te-o'des 
Os'ti-a 

* Os-ti-o'nes 
Os-to'ri-us 
Os-tra-ci'ne 
Os-trog'o-thi 
Os-y-man'dy-na 

* Of a-ces 
Ot-a-cil'i-us 
O-ta'nes 
Oth'ma-rus 
O'tho, M. Sal'vi-us 

* O-thro'nus 

* O-thry'a-dea 
Oth-ry-o'ne-us 
O'thrys 

* O-thrys'i-us 
O'tre-us 
0-tro3'da 

* Ot-ryn-ti'des 

* Ot-to-roc'o-raa 
O'tus 

O'tys 
O-vid'i-us 
Oifid (Eng.) 
O-vin'i-a (Lex) 
O-vin'i-us 
Cx-ar'tes and 
* Ox'a-tres 
Ox-a'thres 

* Ox-i'a3 
Ox-id'a-tes 
Ox'i-mes 
Ox-i'o-nss 
Ox'us 
Ox-y'a-res 
Ox-y-ca'nus 
Ox-yd'ra-csei 
Ox'y-lus 

* Ox-y-ne'a 

* Ox-y-o'pum 
Ox-yn'thes 
Ox-yp'o-rus 
Ox-y-ryn-chi'tce 
Ox-y-iyn'chus 
O-zi'nes 
Oz'o-l83 or Oz'o-li 



P. 



PA-CA-TI-ATJUS 21 
Pac'ci-us 10 
Pa'ches 12 
Pa-cbi'nus 

Pa-chy'nus 
Pa-co'ni-us 
Pac'o-rus 

Pac'ti-a 
Pac-tolus 
Pac'ty-as 
Pac'ty-es 
Pa-cu'vi-us 
Pa-dae'i 3 

Pa-de'i 
Pad'u-a 
Pa'dus 
Pa-du'sa 
Pa3'an 

Ppa-a'nea 

Pss-dar'e-tus 
Pss'di-us 
P33-ma'ni 3 
'on 
'o-nes 



1 (Eagarus. —This diphthong, like ce, is pronounced as the 
single vowel e. If the conjecture concerning the sound of a: 
was right, the middle sound between the o and e of the an- 
cients must, in all probability, have been the sound of our a 
in water. See the word Ma. 

2 Ogxjgcs. — This word is by all our prosodists accented on 
the first syllable, and consequently it must sound exactly as 
if written Odd'je-jes ; and this, however odd to an English 
ear, must be complied with. [Og'gy-ges is the most correct 
pronunciation. The quantity is marked in the derivative 
Ogygius in Lucan, Phars., 1, 675 : Edonis Ogygio decurrit 
plena Lyao.—Trollope.] 

3 Omphale.— The accentuation which a mere English speak- 
er would give to this word was experienced a few years ago 



by a pantomime called Hercules and Omphale ; when tbe 
whole town concurred in placing the accent on the secona 
syllable, till some classical scholars gave a check to this pro 
nunciation by placing the accent on the first. This, how 
ever, was far from banishing the former manner, and dis 
turbed the public ear without correcting it. Those, how 
I ever, who would not wish to be numbered among the vul 
gar must take care to avoid the penultimate accent 

4 See Idomeneus. 

5 Oryus. — 

And, at once, Broteas and Oryus slew : 

Oryus 1 mother, Mycale, was known, 

Down from her sphere to draw the lab'ring moon. 

Garth's Ovid, Met. 



38 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



PA 
Pae-o'ni-a 
Pee-on'i-des 

* Pse'o-plsB 
Paa'os 
Psb'sos 
Pees'tum 
Pee-to'vi-um 
Partus Cae-cin'na 

* Pa-ga'ni 

Pag/a-sae or Pag'a-sa 
t> ag / a-su8 

t Pa'gree 
Pa'gus 
Pa-la'ci-um or 

Pa-la'ti-um 
Pa-las'a 
Pa-lffl-ap'o-lis 

* Pa-laeb'y-blus 
Pa-lse'mon, t Pal'e-mon 
Pa-leep'a-pho3 

* Pa-laBph-ar-salus 
Pa-lseph'a-tus 
Pa-leep'o-lis 
Pa-lees'te 
Pal-aes-ti'na 
Pal-aes-ti'nus 

* Pa-lsetf y-rus 
Pal-a-me'des 
Pa-lan'ti-a 10 
Pa-lan'ti-um 10 
Pal-a-ti'nus 

* Pa-le'a 
Pale-is or Palae 
Pales 
Pal-fu'ri-us Su'ra 

* Pa-lib'o-thra 

* Pa-li'ce 

Pa-li'ci or Pa-lis'ci 
Pa-lil'i-a 

* Pa-lilis 

* Pa-lin'dro-mos 
Pal-i-nu'rus 
Pal-i-sco'rum or 

Pal-i-co'rum 
Pa-li-u'rus 

* Pal-lac'o-pas 
Palla-des 
Pal-la'di-um 
Pal-la'di-us 
Pal-lan-te'um 
Pal-lan'ti-as 
Pal-lan'ti-des 
Pal-lan'ti-on 
Pallas 
Pal-le'ne 8 
Pal'ma 

\ Pal'me 

Pal-mi'sos 

Pal-my'ra 1 

* Pal'pe-tus 
Pal-phu'ri-us 

f Pal-um-bi'num 

Pam'me-nes a 

Pam'mon 

Pam'pa 

Pam'phi-lus 

Pamphos 

Pam'phy-la 

Pam-phyl'i-a 

* Pam-phyli3 



PA 
Pan 
Pan-a-ce'a 

* Pan'a-cra 
Pa-nae'ti-us 10 
Pan'a-res 

Pa-nar'e-tus 
Pan-a-ris'te 
Pan-ath-e-nes'a 
Pan-chee'a, Pan-che'a, or 

Pan-cha'i-a 

* Pan'che-a 

* Pan-cra'ti-um 
Pan'da 
Pan'da-ma 
Pan-da'ri-a 
Pan'da-ni3 

t Pan-da-ta'ri-a 
Pan'da-tes 
t Pan-de'mi-a 
Pan-de'mus 
t Pan-di'a 

Pan-di'on 

Pan-di'o-nis 

Pan-do-chi'um 
Pan-do'ra 
Pan-do'si-a 11 
Pan'dro-sos 

Pa'ne-as 

Pa-neg'y-ris 

Pan'e-lus 

Pan'e-mus (river) 

* Pa-ne'mus (man) 
Pan'e-nus or Pa-natfnus 
Pan-gae'us 

Pan-hel-le'nes 
Pa'ni-a 
Pa-ni'a-sis 

* Pan-i-ge'ris 
Pa-ni-o'ni-um 
Pa'ni-us 20 
Pan-no'ni-a 

* Pan'no-nes 
Pan-om-phae'us 
Pan'o-pe or Pan-o-pe'a 

* Pa-no'pe-se 
Pan'o-pes 
Pa-no'pe-us 
Pa-no'pi-on 

* Pan'o-pis 
Pa-nop'o-lis 
t Pa-nop'tes 
Pa-nor'mus 
Pan'sa 

* Pan-taen'e-tus 

* Pan-tag'a-thus 

* Pan-ta'gi-a 
Pan-tag-nos'tus 
Pan-ta'gy-as 
Pan-tale-on 
Pan-tau'chus 
Pan'te-us 
Pan-the'a 

Pan'the-on 3 * the'on 
Pan'the-us or 

Pan'thus 
Pan-thi-ca-paa'um 
Pan'tbi-des 
Pan-tho'i-des 4 

* Pan'tbo-us 
Pan-tic'a-pes 



PA 

Pan-till-us 

Pan-tol'a-bus 
Pa-ny'a-sis 
Pa-ny'a-sus 
Pa-pge'us 
Pa-pha'ges 
Pa'phi-a 

Pa'pbi-us 

Paphla-gon 
Paph-la-go'ni-a 
Pa'pbos 
Pa'phus 
Pa-pi-a'nus 
Pa'pi-as* 
Pa-pin-i-a'nus 
Pa-pin'i-us 
Pa-pirl-a 
Pa-pirl-us 
Pap'pus 
Pa-pyrl-us 
Par-a-bys'ton 

Par-a-chel-o-i'tas 

Par-a-cli'tus or -e'tus 

Pa-racly-tus 
Par-a-di'sus 
Pa-raetfa-cae 

Par-se-to'ni-i 
Par-ae-to'ni-um 
Par'a-li 3 

Par-a-li-pom'e-na 
Par'a-lus 

Par-a-po-ta'mi-a 
Pa-ra'si-a 11 
Pa-ra'si-us 11 
Par'caB 

Par'e-dri 
Pa-ren-tali-a 

Pa-refro-nea 
Pa'ris 
Pa-ris'a-des 
Pa-ris'i-i 4 
Parl-sus 
Pa'ri-um 

* Pa'ri-U3 
Parana 1 

* Par'me-nas 
Par-men'i-de3 
Par-me'ni-o 

* Par'me-no 

* Par-na'sus 
Par-nas'sus 
Par'nes 
Par-nes'sus 
Par'ni 3 
Pa'ron 

* Par-o-pam'i-sus 
Par-o-re'i-a 
Pa'ros 
Par-rha'si-a 10 

* Par'rha-sis 
Par-rha'si-us 10 
Par4ha-mis'i-ris 
Par-tba'on 
Par-the'ni-a 
Par-the'ni-33 and 

Par-the'ni-i 4 
Par-the'ni-as 

* Par-then'i-ce 
Par-the'ni-on 
Par-the'ni-us 



PE 

Parthe-non 

Par-then-o-pae'us 

Par-then'o-pe 8 

Partbi-a 

t Par-thi'ni 

Par-thy-e'ne 

Pa-ry'a-dres 
Pa-rys'a-des 
Par-y-sa'tis 5 
Pa-sar'ga-da 

Pa-sar'ga-dae 
Pa'se-as 
Pasl-cles 
Pa-sic'ra-tes 

Pas-i-pe'da 
Pa-siph'a-e 

Pa-siph'i-le 
Pa-sith'e-a 

Pa-sith'o-e 
Pa-sifi-gris 

as'sa-ron 

Pas-se-ri'nus 

as-si-e'nus 
Pas'sus 

Pafa-ge 

* Pafa-lus 
Pat'a-ra 

* Pat-a-vi'nus 
Pa-ta'vi-um 

Pa-te'ra3 
Pa-ter'cu-lus 
Pa-tiz'i-thes 

Pat-i-zi'tbes 
Pafmos 
Pa'traa 
Pa'tro 

* Pat'ro-bas 
Pa-tro'cle3 
Pa-tro'cb 
Pat-ro-cli'des 
Pa-tro'clus 6 
Pa'tron 

Paf ro-us or * Pa-tro'us 

Pa-tul'ci-us 10 

Paula 

Pau-li'na 7 

Pau-li'nus 

Paulus iE-myl'i-us 

Pau-sa'ni-as 

Pau'si-as 11 

* Pau-si-li'pon 
Pa'vor 

Pax 

Pax'os 

Pe'a3 

Pe-da'ci-a 10 

Pe-dae'us 

Pe-da'ni 

Pe-da'ni-us 

t Ped'a-sa 

Ped'a-sus 

Pe-di'a-dis 

Pe-di-a'nus 

Pe'di-as 

Pe'di-us Blse'sus 

Pe'do 

Pe'dum 

t Pe'gse 

Pe-gasl-des 

Peg'a-sis 



PE 

Peg'a-sus 

* Pe-Ia'gi-us 
Pel'a-gon 

Pe-lag'o-nes 
Pe-lar'ge 
Pe-laa'gi 3 
Pe-las'gi-a or 

t Pe-la3-gi-o'tis 
Pe-las'gus 

Pel'a-tes 

Pe-le'ces 

Pe-len'do-nea 
Pel-e-thro'ni-i 4 

Pe-lefro-nes 
Pele-us 
Pe-li'a-des 
Peli-as 
Pe-li'des 
Pe-lig'ni 
Pe-lig'nus 
Pel-i-nae'um 
Pel-i-na3'us 
Peli-on 
Peli-um 
Pel'la 
Pel-la'naj 
Pel-le'ne 

* Pel'o-pe 

Pel-o-pe'a or Pel-o-pl'a 
Pel-o-pe'i-a 

* Pel-o-pe'us 
Pe-lop'i-das 

* Pe-lo'pi-us 
Pel-o-pon-ne'sus 
Pelops 

Pelor 

Pe-lo'ri-a 

Pe-lo'rum or Pe-lo'nw 

Pe-lu'3i-um 

Pe-na'tes 

Pen-dali-um 

Pe-ne'i-a or Pe'ne-ia 

* Pe-ne'i-us 

* Pe-nele-U3 
Pe-neli-us 
Pe-nel'o-pe 
Pe'ne-us or Pe-ne'us 
Pen'i-das 
Pen-tap'o-lis 

* Pen-tap'yion 

* Pen-ta'tblum 

* Pen-te-dac'ty-lon 

* Pen'te-le 

t Pen-tel'i-cus 
Pen-the-si-le'a 
Pen'the-us 

* Pen-thi'des 
Pen'thi-lus 
Pen'thy-lus 
Pep-a-re'thos 
Pe-phre'do 
Pe-rae'a 7 
Per-a-sip'pus 

* Per'a-tus 
Per-co'pe 

* Per-co'si-a 
Per-co'si-us 11 
Per-co'te 
Per-dic'cas 
Per-dix 



1 Palmyra. — Nothing can be better fixed in an English ear 
than the penultimate accentuation of this word: this pro- 
nunciation is adopted by Ainsworth and Lempriere. Gould- 
man and Holyoke seem to look the other way ; but Labbe 
says the more learned give this word the antepenultimate 
accent, and that this accent is the more agreeable to the 
general rule. Those, however, must be pedantic coxcombs 
who should attempt to disturb the received pronunciation 
when in English because a contrary accentuation may pos- 
sibly be proved to be more agreeable to Greek or Latin. 

2 Pammenes. — I find this word nowhere but in Lempriere, 
who accents it on the penultimate ; but as all words of this 
termination have the antepenultimate accent, till this ap- 
pears an exception I shall venture to alter it. 

3 Pantheon. — This word is universally pronounced with 
the accent on the second syllable in English, but in Latin it 
has its first syllable accented ; and this accentuation makes 
so slight a difference to the ear, that it ought to have the 
preference. 

* Papias. — This is the name of an early Christian writer, 
who first propagated the doctrine of the millennium ; and it 



is generally pronounced with the accent on the second sylla- 
ble ; but I believe corruptly, since Labbe has adopted the an- 
tepenultimate accent, who must be well acquainted with 
the true pronunciation of ecclesiastical characters. 

5 Parysatis. — Labbe tells us that some prosodists contend 
that this word ought to be accented on the antepenultimate 
syllable, and we find Lempriere has so accented it ; but so 
popular a tragedy as Alexander, which every where accents 
the penultimate, has fixed this pronunciation in our country 
beyond a doubt. 

6 Patroclus. — Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Hol- 
yoke accent the penultimate syllable of this word, but Labbe 
the antepenultimate ; our Graduses pronounce it either way ; 
but I do not hesitate to prefer the penultimate accent ; and, 
till some good reason be given for the contrary, I think Pa- 
trocles, the historian, and Patrocli, a small island, ought to be 
pronounced the same as the friend of Achilles. [The o is 
the Greek omicron, and the name should, therefore, be pro- 
nounced Patrodlus rather than Patro'clus ; but the penulti 
mate is almost invariably long [by position]. See Homer 
passim. — Trollope.] 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



39 



PE 
?e-ren'na 
Pe-ren'nis 
Pe're-us or Pe'reus 
Per'ga 

* Per-ga'me-us 
Per'ga-mus 

* Per'ga-se 
Per'ge 8 
Per'gus 
Pe-ri-an'der 
Pe-ri-ar'chus 
Per-i-boa'a 

* Pe-rib'o-lus 
Per-i-bo'mi-us 
Per'i-cles 
Per-i-clym'e-nua 
Pe-rid'i-a 

* Per-i-di'a 
Pe-ri-e-ge'tes 
Pe-ri-e'res -^ 
Te-rig'e-nes 
Pe-rig'o-ne 
Perf-la-us 
Per-i-le*us 
Pe-ril'la 

* Pe-rilli-us 
Pe-rillus 
Per-i-me'de 8 
Per-i-mela 

* Per-i-mele 

* Per-i-mel'i-de3 
Pe-rin'thus 
Per-i-pa-tefi-ci 3 
Per-i-pa-tet'ics (Eng.) 

* Pe-rip'a-tus 
Pe-riph'a-nes 
Peri-phas 
Pe-riph'a-tus 
Per-i-phe'mus 

* Per-i-phe'tes 
Per-i-pho-re'tas 
Pe-ris'a-des 

* Pe-ris'te-re 
Pe-ris'the-nes 

* Per-i-stylum 

* Pe-ris'ty-lum 
Pe-ritfa-nus 
Per'i-tas 
Per-i-to'ni-um 
Per-mes'sus 
Pe'ro or t Pe-ro'ne 
Per'o-e 8 ' 
Per'o-la 
Per-pen'na 
Per-pe-re'ne 
Per-pho-re'tua 
Per-ran'the9 
Per-rhaeTn-a 
Per'sa or Per-se'is 
Per'sae 
Per-sae'us 
Per-se'e 
Per-se'is 
Per-seph'o-ne 
Per-sep'o-lis 
Per'ses 
Per'se-us 
Per'si-a 

Per'sis 

Per'si-us Flac'cua 
Per'ti-nax 
Pe-ru'si-a 10 

* Per-u-si'nus 
Pes-cen'ni-us 
Pes-si'nus 

* Pef a-le 
Pe-ta'li-a 
Pefst-lus 
Pe-teli-a 
Pet-e-li'nus 

* Pe'te-on 
Pe'te-us 
Pe-til'i-a 



PH 

Pe-til'i-i 

Pe-til'i-us 

Pet-o-si'ria 

Pe'tra 

Pe-trae'a 

Pe-tre-i'us 

Pe-tri'num 

Pe-tro'ni-a 

Pe-tro'ni-us 

Pet'ti-us 

Peu'ce 8 

* Peu-ced'a-no3 
Peu-ces'tes 
Peu-ce'ti-a 10 

* Peu-ce'ti-i 
Peu-ci'ni 4 
Peu-co-la'ua 
Pex-o-do'rus 
Phas'a 

* Phae-a'ces 
Phaa-a'ci-a 10 
Phae'ax 
Phaed'i-nius 
Phae'don 
Phae'dra 
Phae'di-i-a 
Phae'drus 
Ph33d'y-ma 5 
Phae-mon'o-e 

Phae-nag'o-re 

Phse-nar'e-te 
Phaen-a-re'te 
Phae'ni-as 
Phaen'na 
Phaen'nis 

Phgen-o-me'ris 
Phae-oc'o-mea 
Phaes'a-na 
Phaes'tum 

Pha'e-thon 

Pha-e-thon-te'ua 

Pha-e-thon'ti-us 
Pha'e-ton 
Pha-e-ton-ti'a-des 
Pha-e-tu'sa 
Phae'us 
Pha-ge'si-a 10 

Pha'i-nus 
t Phal-a-cri'ne 
Phalae 
Pha-lae'cus 
Pha-lae'si-a 11 
Pha-lan'thus 

* Pha-la'ra 
Phal'a-ris 
Phal'a-rus 

Pha-la'rus 
Phal'ci-don 
Phale-as 
Pha-le're-us 1 
Pha-le'ri-a 
Pha-le'ris 
Pha-le'ron or 
Phal'e-rum 
Pha-le'rus 
Phali-as 
Phalli-ca 

Pha-lo're 
Pha-lys'i-us 10 

Pham-e-no'p 

Pha-na'ces 
Pha-nae'us 

Pha-nag'o-ra 
Phan-a-rae'a 
Pha'nas 

* Pha-na'tes 
Pha'nes 

Pha'ni-um 
Phan'o-cles 
Phan-o-de'mus 

Phan'o-tis 
Phan-ta'si-a 10 
Pha'nus 



PH 

Pha'on 
Pha'ra 

Pha-rac'i-des 24 
Pha'rae or Phe'rte 

* Phar-a-o 
Pha-ras'ma-nes 
Pha'rax 

* Phar-belus 

* Phar-ce'don 
Pha'ris 

* Pha'ri-us 
Phar-me-cu'sa 
Phar-na-ba'zus 
Phar-na'ce 
Phar-na'ce-a 
Phar-na'ces 2 

* Phar-na'ci-a 
Pbar-na-pa'tes 
Phar-nas'pes 
Phar'nus 
Pha'ros 
Phar-sali-a 

* Phar-salus 
Phar'te 
Pha'rus 
Pha-ru'si-i or 

Phau-ru'si-i 4 
Phar'y-bus 
Pha-ryc'a-don 
Phar'y-ge 

* Phas-a-eTis 
Pha-selis 
Pha-si-a'na 
Pha'si-as 
Pha'sis 
Phas'sus 
Phau'da 
Phav-o-ri'nus 
Pha-yllus 
Phe'a or Phe'i-a 
Phe-ca'dum 

* Phe-ge'a 

Phe'ge-us or Phle'ge-us 
Phelli-a 

Phel'lo-e 
Phellus 

* Phe'mi-ae 
Phe'mi-us 
Phe-mon'o-e 8 

Phen-e-be'tbi3 
Phe-ne'um 
Phe-ne'us (a man) 

* Phe'ne-us (a lake) 
Phe'rae 
Phe-rae'us 
Phe-raules 
Phe-re'clus 
Phe-rec'ra-tes 

* Pher-e-cy'a-daB 
Pher-e-cy'des 
Pher-en-da'tes 
Pher-e-ni'ce 

t Phe-repb'a-te 

Phe'res 

Phe-re'ti-as 10 

Pher-e-ti'ma 

Pherl-num, t -i'num 

Phe'ron 

Phi'a-le 

Phi-aTi-a or Phi-gaTi-a 

Phi'a-lus 

* Phi-ce'on 
Phic'o-res 
Phid'i-as 
Phid'i-le 
Phi-dip'pi-des 
Phi-difi-a 10 

* Phi-dolas 
Phi'don 
Phid'y-le 

* Phig-a-le'a 
Phi-gale-i 
Phila 



PH 

Phil-a-del'phi-a 

* Phil-a-del-phi'a 
Phil-a-del'phus 
PhHaB 
Phi-lae'ni 
Phi-lae'us 

* Phi-la'mon 
Phi-lam'mon 
Phi-lar-chus 12 

* Phi-lar'e-tus 

* Phi-lar'gy-rus 

* Phil'e-as 
Phi-le'mon 
Phi-le'ne 8 
Pbi-le'ris 
Phi]'e-ros 
Phi-le'si-us 19 
Phil-e-tae'rua 
Phi-le'tas 
Phi-le'ti-us 10 
Phil'i-das 
Phil'i-des 
Phi-lin'na 
Phi-li'nus 
Pbi-lip'pe-i 

* Phil-ip-pe'us 
Phi-lip'pi 
Phi-lip'pi-des 
Phil-ip-pop'o-lis 
Phi-lip'pus 
Phi-lis'cus 

Phil-is-ti'des 

Phi-lis'ti-o 
Phi-lis'ti-on 11 
Phi-lis'tus 
Hullo 
Philo 

t Phil-o-bce-o'tua 
Phi-loch'o-rus 
Phil'o-cles 
Phi-loc'ra-tes 
Phil-oc-te'tes 
Phil-o-cy'prus 
Phil-o-da-me'a 
PhO-o-de'mus 
Phi-lod'i-ce 

Phil-o-dulus 
Pbil-o-la'us 
Phi-lol'o-gus 
Phi-lom'a-che 
Phi-lom'bro-tus 
Phil-o-me'di-a 3 
Phil-o-me'dus 
Phil-o-mela 
PhiLo-melus 

Phil-o-me'tor 

Phil-o-mu'sus 
Philon 
Phi-lon'i-des 
Phil'o-nis 
Phi-lon'o-e 8 
Phi-lon'o-me 
Phi-lon'o-mus 
Phil'o-nus 
Phi-lop'a-tor 
t Phi-lo'phi-on 
Phil'o-phron 
Phil-o-poe'men 

* Phi-lop'o-nus 
Phil-o-ro'mus 
Phil-o-steph'a-nus 

Phi-los'tra-tus 

Phi-lo'tas 

Phi-lofe-ra 
Phi-lo'the-a 
Phil-o-the'rus 
Phil-o-ti'mus 

Phi-lo'tis 

Phi-lox'e-nus 

Phi-Iylli-U9 

Phil'y-ra 

Phil'y-res 

Phi-lyrl-des 



PH 

* Pbi-ne'um 
Phin'e-us [e'us, adj. ] 

* Phi-ni'dea 
Phin'ta 
Phin'ti-a 
Phin'ti-as 10 
Phla 

Phleg'e-las 
Phleg'e-thon 
Phle'gi-as 
Phle'gon 
Phlo'gra 

Phle'gy-a or as (j tf 
Phle'gy-as 
Pbli'as 
Phli-a'si-a 
Phli'us 

Phlce'us 

* Phlo'gi-us 
Pho-be'tor 
t Phohos 
Pho-cre'a 

* Pho-ca'i-cus 

* Phoc'a-is 
Pho-cen'ses and 

Phoc'i-ci 3 10 
Pho-cil'i-dea 
Pho'ci-on 10 
Pho'cis 
Pho'cus 
Pho-cyl'i-des 
Phoe'be 
t Phoa-be'um 

* Phoe-be'us 
Phceb'i-das 
Phce-big'e-na 
Phoe'bus 
Phoe'mos 
Phoe-ni'ce 29 or 

Phce-nic'i-a 10 
Pboe-ni'ces 
Phce-nic'e-us 
Pho3-nic'i-des 
Phceni'cus 
Phosn-i-cu'sa 
Phoe-nis'sa 
Phce'nix 

* PhcB'te-um 
Phol'o-e 
Pholus 

* Pho-mo'this 
PhorTjas 
Phor'cus or Phor'cya 

* Phor-cy'nis 
Phormi-o 
Phor'mis 
Pbo-ro'ne-us, adj. 

Phor-o-ne'us 

Phor-o-ni'daB 
Pho-ro'nis 
Pho-ro'ni-um 

* Phos'pho-rus 
Pho-ti'nus 
Pho'ti-us 10 
Phox'us 
Phra-a'tes 
Phra-art-ces 
Phra-da'tes 

t Phra-gan'd* 

Phra-ha'tes 

Phra-nic'a-tes 

Phra-or'tes 

Phras'i-cles 

Phras'i-mus 

Phra'si-us 10 

Phrat-a-pher'nes 

* Phre-ge'na 
Phri-a-pa'ti-us 10 

* Phricl-on 
Phrix'us 
Phron'i-ma 
Phron'tis 

* Phru-gun-di'o-nes 



i Phalereus. — There is some doubt among the learned 
whether this word ought to be pronounced in three or four 
syllables, that is, as Phal-e-reits or Pha-le-re-us. The latter 
mode, however, with the accent on the antepenultimate, 
seems to be the most eligible. [See Idomeneus. — Trollope.] 

2 Pharnaces. — All our prosodists accent the antepenulti- 
mate syllable of this word ; but an English ear is strongly 
Inclined t) accent the penultimate, as in Arbaces and Arsaces, 



which see. [The antepenultimate accentuation is more prob 
ably correct — Trollope.] 
3 Philomedia. — 

Nor less by Philomedia known on earth ; 
A name derived immediate from her birth. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v, 311 
[This name of Venus is properly Phi-lo-mefdes, which 
Cooke has converted into Philomedia.— Trollope.] 



40 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 



pi 

Phru'ri 3 
Phry'ges 6 
Phrygl-a 

* Phrygl-us 
Phry'ne 6 8 
Phryn'i-cus 
Phry'nis 
Phry'no 

* Phryx-e'us 
Phryx'us 
Phthi'a 14 
Phthi-o'tia 
Phy-a 

* Phy-a'ces 
Ph^cus 

* Phyg'e-la 
Phyl'a-ce 

* Phyl-a-ce'us 
Phyl'a-cua 
Phy-lar'chus 
Phylas 
Phyle 
Phyl'e-is 20 
Phy-le'us 

* Phy-li'des 
Phyl'i-ra 
Phylla 
Phyl-lali-a 
Phyl-le'i-us 
Phyllis 
Phylli-us 
Phyl-lod'o-ce 
Phyllos 
Phyllus 
Phy-rom'a-chus 
Phys-cella 
Phys'co-a 
Phys'con 
Phys'cos 
Phys'cus 

* Phys-i-og-no'mon 
Phy-tal'i-des 
Phyt'a-lus 

* Phy-te'um 
Phy'ton 
Phyx'i-um 
Pi'a or Pi-ali-a 
Pi'a-sus 
Pi-ce'ni 3 
Pi-cen'ti-a 10 
Pic-en-ti'ni 4 
Pi-ce'num 



PI 
Pi'cra 

Pic'tae or Pic'ti 
Pic-ta'vi or Pic'to-nes 
Pic-ta'vi-um 

* Pic'to-nes 
Pic'tor 
Pi'cus 
Pi-do'rus 
Pid'y-tes 

* Pi-dy'tes 
Pi'e-lus 
Pi'e-ra 
Pi-e'rl-a 
Pi-erl-des 
Pi'e-ris 
Pi'e-rus 
Pi'e-tas 
Pi'gres 

* Pi-la'tus 

* Pi-le'sus 

* Pi-lo'rus 
Pi-lum'nus 
Pim'pla 

* Pim-ple'a 
Pim-ple'i-des or 

t Pim-ple'a-des 
Pim-pra'na 
Pin'a-re 
Pi-na'ri-us 

* Pin'a-rus 
Pin'da-rus 
Pin'da-sus 
Pin-de-nis'sus 
Pin'dus 

t Pin'gus 
Pin'na 
Pin'thi-as 
t Pi'o-ne 
Pi-o'ni-a 

* Pi'o-nis 

Pi-rae'us or Pi-rae'e-us 
Pi-re'ne 

* Pi-ri'cus 
Pi-rith'o-us 

* Pi-ro'mis 
Pi'rus 

t Pi-rus'tae 
Pi'sa 

Pi'S£8 
Pi-S83'U8 

Pi-san'der 

* Pi-sa'nua 



PL 
Pi-sa'tes or Pi-sse'i 
Pi-sau'rus 
Pi-se'nor 
Pis'e-us 
Pis'i-as 10 

* Pis'i-daa 
Pi-sid'i-a 
Pi-sid'i-ce 
Pi'sis 

Pis-is-trafi-dee 
Pis-is-trat'i-des 
Pi-sis'tra-tus 

Pi'so, * Pi-so'nes (pi.) 

Pi-so'nis 

Pis'si-rus 

Pis'tor 

Pi'sus 

Pi-suth'nes 

Pifa-ne 

* Pi-the'con Col'pos 
Pith-e-cu'sa 

* Pith-e-cu'sse 
Pith'e-us 
Pi'tho 
Pith-o-la'us 
Pi-thole-on 
Pi'thon 
Pi'thys 
Pifta-cus 
Pifthe-a 
Pit-the'is 
Pifthe-us 
Pit-u-a'ni-ua 
Pit-u-la'ni 3 
Pit-y-se'a 
Pit-y-as'sus 
Pit-y-o-ne'sus 
t Pify-us 
Pit-y-u'sa 
Pla-cen'ti-a 10 
Pla-cid-e-i-a'nus 
Pla-cid'i-a 
Pla-cid'i-us 
Pla-na'si-a 10 
Plan-ci'na 
Plan'cus 
Pla-tee'a 
Pla-tee'ee 

* Plafa-ge 

* Plat-a-mo'des 
Pla-ta'ni-us 

* Plaf a-nus 



PO 

* Pla-te'a 

* Pla-te'ae 
Pla'to 

* Pla-ton'i-ci 
Plau'ti-a (Lex) 
Plau-ti-a'nus 
Plau-tirla 
Plau'ti-us 
Plau'tus 

t Pla'vis 

* Pleb-is-ci'tum 
Plei'a-des 1 or Ple-i'a-des 

* Ple'i-as 
Plei'o-ne 
Plem-myr'i-um 
Plem'ne-us 29 
t Pleu-mo'si-i 
Pleu-ra'tus 
Pleu'ron 
Plex-au're 
Plex-ip'pus 
Plin'i-us 
Plin'y (Eng.) 
Plin-thi'ne 

* Plin'thi-ne 
Plis-tar'chus 
Plis'tha-nus 
Plis'the-nes 
Plis-ti'nus 
Plis-to'a-nax or 

Plis-to'nax 
Plis-to-ni'ces 

* Plis-to-ni'cus 
Plo'tse 

* Plo-the'a 
Plo-ti'na 
Plot-i-nop'o-lis 
Plo-ti'nua 
Plo'ti-us 10 
Plu-tar'chus 
Plu'ti-a 10 
Plu'to 

Plu-to'ni-um 
Plu'tus 
Plu'vi-us 
Plyn-te'ri-a 

* Pneb'e-bis 
Pnig'e-us 13 
tPnyx 
Po-blic'i-us 24 

* Pod-a-le'a 
Pod-a-lir'i-us 



PO 
Po-dar'ce 8 
Po-dar'ces 
Po-da'res 
Po-dar'ge 
Po-dar'gus 
Pce'as 
Pcec'i-le 24 

* Pcem'e-nis 
Poe'ni 3 

* Poen'i-cus 
Pce'on 
Pce-o'ni-a 
Pce'us 
Po'gon 
Pola 

Pol-e-mo-cra'ti a 
Pol e-mon 
Po-le'nor 
Poli-as 

t Po-li-ei'a 

* Po-li-e'um 

* PoTi-eiis 
Po-li-or-ce'tes 
Po-lis'ma 
Po-lis'tra-tus 

* Pol-i-te'a 
Po-li'tes 
Pol-i-to'ri-um 
Pol-len'ti-a 10 
Pol-lin'e-a 
PoVli-o 
Pollis 

Polli-us Felix 
Pol-lu'ti-a 10 
Pollux 

t Pol'tis 

Polus 

Po-lus'ca 

Po-ly-ae-mon'i-des 

Po-ly-ae'nus 

* Po-ly-a-ra'tus 
Po-ly-ar'cbus 

* Pol-y-be'tes 
Po-lyb'i-das 

Po-lyb'i-us or Pol'y-bu» 
Pol-y-boe'a 
Pol-y-bce'tes 
Pol-y-bo'tes 

* Po-lyb'o-tiun 

* Pol'y-bus 
Pol-y-ca'on 
Pol-y-car'pus 



1 Pleiades. — 
When with their domes the slow-paced snails retreat, 
Beneath some foliage from the burning heat 
Of the Pleiades, your tools prepare ; 
The ripen'd harvest then deserves your care. 

Cooke's Hesiod, Works and Days. 
The translator has adhered strictly to the original, Yl\r)'ia- 
5tS, in making this word four syllables. Virgil has done the 
same: 

Pleiades, Hyadas, claramque Lycaonis Arcton. 

Georgia I. 

But Ovid has contracted this word into three syllables : 
Pleiades incipiunt humeros relevare paternos. 

Fasti, iv., p. 169. 

The later translators of the classics have generally con- 
tracted this word into three syllables. Thus, in Ogilby's 
translation of Virgil's Georgics, b. i. : 

First let the Eastern Pleiades go down, 
And the bright star in Ariadne's crown. 

The Pleiades and Hyades appear ; 

The sad companions of the turning year. 

Creech's Manilius. 
But Dryden has, to the great detriment of the poetical 
Bound of this word, Anglicized it, by squeezing it into two 
syllables : 

What are to him the sculpture of the shield, 
Heav'n's planets, earth, and ocean's wat'ry field ; 
The Pleiads, Hyads, less and greater Bear, 
Undipp'd in seas, Orion's angry star ? 

Ovid's Met, b. xii. 

This unpleasant contraction of Dryden' s seems not to have 
been much followed. Elegant speakers are pretty uniform 
Oi preferring the trisyllable ; but a considerable variety ap- 
pears in the sound of the diphthong ei. Most speakers pro- 
nounce it like the substantive eye ; and this pronunciation is 



defended by the common practice in most schools of sound 
ing the diphthong ti in this manner in appellatives ; but, 
though Greek appellatives preserve the original sound of 
their letters, as (piXavria, irpoSdnov, k. t. A., where the t doea 
not slide into sh, as in Latin words, yet proper nameaj which 
are transplanted into all languages, partake of the soil into 
which they are received, and fall in with the analogies of the 
language which adopts them. There is, therefore, no more 
reason for preserving the sound of ci in proper names, than 
for pronouncing c like k in Phocion, Lacedcemon, &c. But 
perhaps it will be said that our diphthong ei has the sound 
of eye as well as the Greek «. To which it may be an- 
swered, that this is an irregular sound of these vowels, and 
can scarcely be produced as an example, since it exists not 
in either, neither, height, and sleight. The first two words 
are more frequently and analogically pronounced eether and 
neether; height is often pronounced so as to rhyme with 
weight, and would, in all probability, be always so pro- 
nounced, but for the false supposition that the abstract must 
preserve the sound of the verb or adjective from which it ia 
derived; and, with respect to sleight, though Dr. Johnson 
says it ought to be written slight, as we sometimes see it, 
yet, if we observe his authorities, we shall find, that several 
respectable authors spell the word in this manner, and, if wtf 
consult Junius and Skinner, particularly the last, we shai 
see the strongest reason from etymology to prefer this spell 
ing, as in all probability it comes from sly. The analogical 
pronunciation, therefore, of this diphthong in our own Ian 
guage is either as heard in vein, rein, &c, or in perceive, re 
ceive, &c. The latter is adopted by many speakers in the 
present word, as if written Pleeades ; but Plyades, though 
less analogical, must be owned to be the more polite and lit- 
erary pronunciation. — See note on JElegia, in the Termina- 
tional Vocabulary. [The diphthong u in Greek word? 
should always be pronounced like eye. The varying sound 
of the English ei can scarcely be produced as an analogy 
with the Greek. Of the other pronunciations alluded to in 
this note, the reader ia referred to Rules 9, 10, and 11.— 
Trollope.} 



OrRlSEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES, 



4] 



PO 

Pol-ycas'te 

Po-lych'a-res 

Pol-y-cle'a 

Pol'y-cles 

Pol-y-cle'tus 

Po-lyc'ra-tes 

Pol-y-cre'ta or 

Pol-y-cri'ta 
Po-lyc'ri-tus 
Po-lyc'tor 
Pol-y-dae'mon 
Po-lyd'a-mas 
Pol-y-dam'na 
Pol-y-dec'tes 
Pol-y-deu-ce'a 
Pol-y-do'ra 
Pol-y-do'rus 
Pol-y-gi'ton 
Po-iygl-us 
Pol-yg-no'tus 
Po-lyg'o-nus 
Po-ly-hym'ni-a or 

Po-lym'ni-a 
Po-ly-id'i-us 

* Po-ly-i'dus 
Pol-y-la'us 
Po-lym'e-nes 
Pol-y-me'de 
Po-lym'e-don 
Pol-y-mela 
Pol-ym-nes'tes 
Pol-ym-nes'tor 
Pol-y-ni'ces 
Po-lyn'o-e 
Pol'y-nus 
Pol-y-pe'mon 
Pol-y-per'chon 
Pol-y-phe'mus 
Pol'y-pheme (Eng.) 
Pol-y-phon'tes 
Pol'y-phron 
Pol-y-poe'tes 

* Pol'y-ren 

* Pol-y-steph'a-nus 
Po-lys'tra-tus 
Pol-y-tech'nus 

* Po-ly'tes 
Pol-y-ti-me'tus 

* Pol-y-ti'mus 
Po-lyfi-on 10 
Po-lyfro-pus 
Po-lyx'e-na 
Po-lyx'e-nus 
Po-lyx'o 
Pol-y-zelus 
Pom-ax-se'thres 
Po-me'ti-a 10 or 

Po-me'ti-i 3 
Pom-e-ti'na 
Po-mo'na 
Pom-pe'i-a 5 
Pom-pe-i-a'nu3 
Pom-pe'i-i or 

Pom-pe'i-ura 
Pom-pe-i-op'o-lis 
Pom-pe'i-us 
Pom'pe-lon (-o'na) 
Pom-pil'i-a 
Pom-pil'i-us Nu'ma 
Pom-pilus 
Pom-pis'cus 
Pom-po'ni-a 
Pom-po'ni-us 
Pom-po-si-a'nus 
Pomp-ti'na 
Pomp-ti'ne 
Pomp-ti'nus 



PR 

Pom'pus 
Pon'ti-a 10 
Pon'ti-cum Ma're 
Pon'ti-cus 
Pon-ti'na 
Pon-ti'nus 
Pon'ti-us 10 

* Pon-to-po-ri'a 
Pon'tus 

Pon'tus Eu-xi'nus 
Po-pil'i-us Lae'nas 1 
Po-plic'o-la 
Pop-pse'a Sa-bi'na 
Pop-pae'us 
Pop-u-lo'ni-a 

* Por'a-ta 
Por'ci-a 10 
Por'ci-us 10 

* Por-do-se-le'ne 
Po-red'o-rax 
Po-ri'na 
Por-o-se-le'ne 
Por-phyrl-on 
Por-phyrl-us 

* Por-phy-rog-en-ni'tus 
Por'ri-ma 

Por-sen'na or Por'se-na 
Porti-a and Porti-us 10 
Porfmos 
Por-tum-nali-a 
Por-tum'nus 

* Por-tu'nus 
Po'rus 

* Po-sid'e-on 
Po-si'des 
Pos-i-de'um 
Po-si'dou 
Pos-i-do'ni-a 
Pos-i-do'ni-us 
Po'si-o 10 

t Pos-si-do'ni-um 

Post-hu'mi-a 

Post-hu'mi-us 

* Postfhu-mus 
Pos-tu'mi-us 
Post-ver'ta 
Po-tam'i-des 
Pofa-mon 

* Pof a-mus 
Po-thi'nus 
Po'thos 
Pot-i-dse'a 
Po-ti'na 
Po-tifi-us 24 

* Pot-ni'a-des 
Pofni-se 
Prac'ti-um 10 
Prse'ci-a 10 
Prae-nes'te 

Praen-es-ti'ni 
Prae'sos 
PraBS'U 3 
Prse'tor 
Prse-to'ri-us 
Prse-tu'ti-um 10 

Pram'ni-um, adjective 
[-i'um, n.] 
t Pra'si-i 

* Pras'i-nus 
Prafi-nas 
Prax-ag'o-ras 
Prax'i-as 

* Prax-i-bu'lus 
Prax-id'a-ma3 
Prax-id'i-ce 
Prax'i-la 
Prax-iph'a-nes 



PR 

Prax'is 
Prax-ife-les 
Prax-ith'e-a 
t Preli-us 

* Pres-byt-e-ri'um or 
* Pres-by-te'ri-um 

Pre-u'ge-nes 

Prex-as'pes 

Pri-am'i-des 

Pri'a-mus 

Pri-a'pus 

Pri-e'ne 

Pri'ma 

* Prim-i-pilus 

* Pri'o-la 
Pri'on 

* Pri-o-no'tus 

* Pris-ci-a'nus 
Pris-cilla 
Pris'cus 
Pris'tis 
Pri-ver'num 
Pri-ver'nus 
ProTja 
ProOjus, M. 
Pro'cas 
Proch'o-rus 
Proch'y-ta 
Pro-cil'i-us 
Pro-cilia 
Pro-cillus 
Pro'eJe-a 
Pro'cles 
Pro-cli'dse 
Proc'ne 
Proc-on-ne'sus 
Pro-co'pi-us 
Pro'cris 
Pro-crus'tes 
Proc'u-la 
Proc-u-le'i-us 5 

* Proc-u-li'na 
Proc'u-lus 
Pro'cy-on 
Prod'i-cus 

* Prod'ro-mus 

* Pro'e-dri 
Pro-er'na 
Prcefi-des 
Proe'tus 
Prog'ne 
Pro-la'us 
Prom'a-chus 
Pro-math'i-das 
Pro-ma'thi-on 
Prom'e-don 
Prom-e-nae'a 
Pro-me'tbe-i 
Pro-me'the-us 29 
Pro-me'this and 

Prom-e-thi'des 
Prom'e-thus 
Prom'u-lus 
Pro-nap'i-des 

* Pro-na'um 
Pro'nax 
Pron'o-e 
Pron'o-mus 
Pron'o-us 
Pron'u-ba 
Pro-per'ti-us 

* Pro-pbe'ta 
Pro-pee t'i-des 
Pro-pon'tis 
Prop-y-le'a 
Pros-cbys'ti-us 10 

Pros-e-le'ni 



PU 

* Pro-se?'y-tus 
Pro-ser'pi-na 28 
Proper-pine (Eng.) 

* Pro-so'pis 

t Pros-o-pi'tes 

Pros-o-pi'tis 

Pro-sym'na 

Pro-tag'o-ras 

Prot-a-gort-des 

Pro'te-i Co-lum'nge 

Pro-tes-i-la'us 

Pro'tc-us 

Pro'the-us 

Protb-o-e'nor^ 

Proth'o-us 

Pro'to 

Prot-o-ge-ne'a 

Pro-tog'e-nes 

Prot-o-ge-ni'a 3 

Prot-o-me-di'a 4 

Prot-o-me-du'sa 

* Pro-tofy-pon 

* Prot-ry-ge'a 
Prox'e-nus 
Pru-den'ti-us 10 
Prum'ni-des 
Pru'sa 
Pru-sae'us 
Pru'si-as 10 

* Prym-ne'si-a 
Prym'no 
Piyt'a-nes 
Pryt-a-ne'um 
Pryt'a-nis 
Psam'a-the 15 
Psam'a-tbos 
Psam-me-ni'tus 
Psam-mefi-chus 
Psam'mis 
Psa'pbis 
Psa'pho 15 

* Pse-bo'a 
Pse'cas 

* Pse-ne'rus 

* Pseu-do-celis 

* Pseu-do-man-ti'a 

* Pseu-dos'to-ma 

* Psifta-ce 

* Psif ta-cus 
Pso'phis 
Psy'che 12 15 

* Psy-cho-man-te'um 
Psy'cbrus 

PsylOi 3 15 

* Psyt-ta-li'a 

* Pte'le-os 
Ptele-um 16 

* Pter'e-las 
Pter-ela'us 
Pte'ri-a 

* Pte'ri-on 

* Pto-cbi'um 
Ptol-e-der'ma 
Ptol-e-nia?'um 
Ptol-e-mae'us 16 
Ptol'e-my (Eng.) 
Ptol-e-ma'is 
Ptol'y-cus 
Pto'us 

Pub-lic'i-a (Lex) 24 
Pub-lic'i-us 10 
Pub-lic'o-la 
Publi-us 

* Pu-di'ca 
Pul-cbe'ri-a 12 
Pul'chrum 

t Pullus 



PY 

Pu'ni-cum Bellum 

Pu'pi-us 

Pu-pi-e'nus 

Pup'pi-us 

Pu-te'o-li 3 

Py-a-nep'si-a 10 

Pyd'na 

Pyg'e-la 

Pyg-mae'i 

t Pyg-mae'on 

Pyg-malion 22 

Pyl'a-des 

PylaB 

Py-laem'e-nes 

Py-lag'o-raj 

Py-lag'o-ras 

Py-la'on 

Py-lar'ge 

Py-lar'tes 

Py^as 

Py-le'ne 

Pyl'e-us 

* Pyli-us 
Pylle-on 
Pylo 
Pylos 
Pylus 

* Pym'a-tus 
Py'ra 

Py-rac'mon 
Py-rac'mos 
Py-reecb'mes 

* Py-rae'eus or Py-raj'us 

* Py-ram'i-des 
PyPa-mus 

* Pyr'a-sus 

* Py-re'i-cus 
Pyr-e-nae'i 
Pyr-e-nss'us 
Py-re'ne 

* Py-re'tus 

* Pyr'e-tus 
Pyr-gi 3 
Pyr'gi-on 
Pyr-go 
Pyr-gofe-les 
Pyr'gus 
Py-rip'pe 
Py'ro 

t Pyr'o-des 

Pyr'o-eis 

Pyr-o-ge'n 
Pyr'o-is 
Py-ro'ni-a 

Py-ro-phleg'e-thon 
Pyr-rba 
PyrYhi-as 
Pyr'rbi-ca 
Pyr'rbi-cus 
Pyr'rhi-dfp 
Pyr-rho 
Pyr'rbus 

Pyr'ri-cha 
Pys'te 

* Py-tbasn'e-tus 
Py-tbagfo-ras 

Py-tha-go-re'i 

* Py-than'ge-lus 
Pytb-a-ra'tus 
Pytb'e-as 
Py'tbes 
Pyth'e-us 
Pyth'i-a 
Pyth'i-a9 
Pytb'i-on 

Pytb-i-o-ni co 
Pyth-i-o-ni'ces 



i Popilius Lcenas. — Nothing can show the dignity of the 
Roman commonwealth and the terror of its arms more than 
the conduct of this man. He was sent as an embassador to 
Antiochus, king of Syria, and was commissioned to order 
that monarch to abstain from hostilities against Ptolemy, 
king of Egypt, who was an ally of Rome. Antiochus, who 
was at the head of his army when he received this order, 
wished to evade it by equivocal answers ; but Popilius, with 
a stick which he had in his hand, made a circle round him 
on the sand, and bade him, in the name of the Roman senate 
and people, not to go beyond it before he spoke decisively. 
This boldness intimidated Antiochus : he withdrew hi3 gar- 
risons from Egypt, and no longer meditated a war against 
Ptolemy. 



2 Prothoenor. — 

" The hardy warriors whom Bcaotia bred, 
Peneleus, Leitus, Prothoenor led." 

Pope's Horn. Iliad. 

3 Protogenia. — See Iphigenia. 

4 Protomedia. — 

" Nisaea and Actasa boast the same, 
Protomedia from the fruitful dame, 
And Doris, honor'd with maternal name." 

Cooke's Hesiod, Theog., v. 483. 
-See Iphigenia. 



12 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



RE 


RI 


SA 


SA 


SA 


Pyth'i-um 


Re'sus 


Ri-pha3'i 3 


Sab'ra-ta 


Sam-ni'tes 


Pyth'i-us 


t Re-ti'na 


Ri-phe'us 


Sa-bri'na 


Sam'ni-um » 


Py'tho 


Re-u-dig'ni 3 


* Riq-ue-belus 


Sab'u-ra 


t Sam-o-cho-ni'toa 


Py-thocha-ris 


tRha 


* Rix'a-msB 


Sab-u-ra'nus 


* Sa-mon'i-cus 


Pyth'o-cles 


* Rhab-du'chi 


Rix-am'a-rae 


Sa'bus 


Sa-mo'ni-um 


* Pyth-o-delus 


* Rha-celus 


Ro-bi'go or Ru-bi'go 
Rod-e-ri'cus 


Sac'a-das 


Sa'mos 


Pyth-o-do'rua 


Rha'ci-a 10 


Sa'caB 


Sa-mos'a-ta 


Pyth-o-la'us 


Rha'ci-us 


Ro'ma 


* Sac-a-pe'ne 


Sam-o-thra'ce or 


Py'thon 


* Rha-co'tes 


Rome (Eng.) 


Sa'cer 


Sam-o-thra'ci-a 


* Py-tho'nes 


Rha-co'tis 


Ro-ma'ni 3 


* Sach-a-H'tae 


* Sam-o-thra'ces 


Pyth-o-ni'ce 30 


Rhad-a-man'thus 


Ro-ma'nus 


Sach-a-li'tes 


Sa'mus 


* Py-thon'i-ci 


Rhad-a-mis'tus 


Ro-mil'i-us 


Sa-cra'ni 


* Sa-myl'i-a 


* Pyth-o-ni'cus 


* Rhad'i-ne and 


Rom'u-la 


Sa-cra'tor 


Sa'na 


Pyth-o-nis'sa 


Le-on'ti-chus 


Ro-muli-dae 


Sa-crafi-vir 


San'a-os 


Pyt'na 


Rha'di-us 


Rom'u-lus 


* Sac'ro-ne 


San-cho-ni'a-thoa 


Pyfta-lus 


* Rhaes'e-na 


Ro'mus 


Sad'a-les 


San-da'ce 1 


* Pyx-ag'a-thus 


Rhse'te-um 


Ros'ci-us 10 


Sa'dus 


* San-dal-i-o'tis 




RhaB'ti or Rse'ti 
Rhae'ti-a 10 


Ro-silla-nus 
Ro'si-us 11 


Sa-dy-a'tes 
* Sa3g-i-me'rus 


San-dali-um 




San'da-nis 


a 


* Rha-ge'a 


Ro-tom'a-gus [Rouen] 


* Ssefa-bes 


San'da-nus 


* Rha-melus 


Rox-a'na 


t Sag-a-las'sus 


San-di'on 


QUA-DER'NA 
Qua'di 3 

* Quad-ra'ta 
Qua-dra'tus 
Quad'ri-frons or 

Quad'ri-ceps 
Quaes-to'res 
Qua'ri 3 
Qua'ri-us 
Quer'cens 
Qui-e'tus 
Quinc-ti-a'nus 10 
Quinc-til'i-a 
Quinc'ti-us T. 
" Quin'da 
Quin-de-cem'vi-ri 
Quin-qoa'tri-a 

* Quin'qua-trus 
Quin-quen-nales 

* Quin-quev'i-ri 

* Quin-til'i-a 
Quin-til-i-a'nus 


Rham-nen'ses 


Rox-o-la'ni 3 


Sag'a-na 


* San-do'ces 


Rham'nes 


Ru-berli-us 


Sag'a-ris 


San-dro-coftus 


Rham-8i-ni'tus 


Rul)i 3 


Sa-gifta 


San'ga-la 


Rham'nus 


RuTji-con 


Sa-gun'tum or 


San-ga'ri-us or San'ga-ria 


* Rham-nu'si-a 


Ru-bi-e'nus Lap'pa 


Sa-gun'tus 


San-guin'i-us 


Rha'nis 


Ru-bi'go 


* Sag-un-ti'nus 


San-nyrl-on 


* Rha-phe'a 


RuTara Sax'a 


Sa'is 


San'to-nes and 


* Rhap-so'di 


* Ru-bre'nus 


* Sa-i'tse 


San'to-na3 


* Rha'ri-us 


RuTm-us 


Sala 


* San-ton'i-cus 


Rha'ros 


Ru'di-se 


* Sa-la'ci-a 


* Sa-o'ce 


* Rhas-cu'po-lis 


Ru'fse 


Sal'a-con 


* Sa-oc'o-ras 


Rhas-cu'po-ris 


Ru-fiHus 


* Sal-a-gi'sa 
Sal-a-min'i-a 


Sa'on 


* Rha-to'us 


Ruf-fi'nus 


* Sa-o'tes 


Rhe'a 


Ruf'fus 


Sal'a-mis 


Sa-pae'i or Sa-phaBl 


Rheljas or Rhe'bus 


Ru-fi'nus 


Sal-a-mi'na 


* Saph'a-rua 


Rhed'o-nes 


* Ru'fi-us 


t Sa-lam'ti-ca 


t Sap-i-re'ne 


Rhe'gi-um 


Ru'fus 


Sa-la'pi-a or Sa-la'pi-ae 


* Sa-pi'res 


Rhe-gus'ci 3 


Ru'gi-i 4 


Sal'a-ra 


Sa'por 


Rhe'mi 3 


* Ru'mi-na 


t Sa-lart-ca 


Sa-po'res 3 


Rhe'ne 


Ru'mi-nus 


Sa-las'ci 3 


Sap'pho (saffcrt 


* Rhe-ne'a 


Run-ci'na 


Sa-le'i-us 5 


* Sap-pho'us 


Rhe'ni 3 


Ru-pil'i-us 


Sa-le'ni 3 


Sap'ti-ne 


Rhe'nus 


* Rus'ci-no 


Sal-en-ti'ni 3 


Sar-a-ce'ne 


Quin-til'i-an (Eng.) 
* Quin-tilis 
Quin-til'i-us Va'rus 
Quin-til'la 
Quin-tillus 
Quin'ti-us 10 


Rhe-o-mi'tres 


Rus'ci-us 10 


Sa-ler'num 


* Sar-a-ce'ni 


Rhe'6us 


Rus-co'ni-a 


Sal-ga'ne-us or 


Sa-rac'o-ri 3 


Rhefi-co 


Ru-sellae 


Sal-ga'ne-a 


* Sar-a-me'ne 


Rhe tog'e-nes' 


Rus'pi-na 


t Sali-a 


Sa-ran'ges 


Rheu'nus 


Rus'ti-cus 


* Sa-li-a'ris 


Sar-a-pa'ni 3 


Rhex-e'nor 


Ru-te'ni 


Sali-i 3 4 


Sar'a-pus 
Sar'a-sa 


Quin'tus or Quinc'ti-us 


Rhex-ib'i-us 


* Ru-the'ni 


Sal-i-na'tor 


Quin'tus Cur'ti-us 


Rhi-a'nus 


Ru'ti-la 


Sali-us 


Sa-ras'pa-des 


Quir-i-nali-a 


Rhid'a-go 


Ru'ti-lus 


Sal-lus'ti-us 


* Sa-ra'vus 


Quir-i-na1is 
Qui-ri'nus 


Rhi-mofa-cles 


Ru-til'i-us Ru'fus 


Sal'lust (Eng.) 


Sar-da-na-palus 


* Rhi-noc-o-lu'ra 


Ru'tu-ba 


Sal'ma-cis 


* Sar-de'ne 


Qui-ri'te8 1 


Rhi'on 


Ru'tu-bus 


Sal-mo'ne 


Sar-di 3 




Rhi'pha or Rhi'phe 


Ru'tu-li 3 


Sal-mo'ne-us 


Sar'di-ca 




R. 


Rhi-phse'i 


Ru'tu-pse 


* Sal-mo'nis 


Sar-din'i-a 


Rhi-phe'us 


Ru-tu-pi'nus 


Sal'mus 


Sar'dis or Sar'de* 


RA-BIR1-US 


Rhi'um 
* Rho-be'a 




Sal-my-des'sus 
Salo 


* Sar'do-nes 
Sar-don'i-cus 




Ra-cil'i-a 


* Rhod'a-lus 


S. 


Sa-lo'me 8 


* Sar'do-nyx 


Rse-sa'ces 


Rhod'a-nus 


* Sal'o-mon 


* Sar-dop'a-tris 


Ra-mi'ses 


Rho'de 




Salon 


* Sar-do'us 


Ram'nes 


Rho'di-a 


SA'BA 


Sa-lo'na or Sa-lo'nse 


Sar'dus 


Ran'da 


* Rho'di-i 


Sab'a-chus or Sab'a-con 


* Sal-o-ne'a 


Sa-ri-as'ter 


* Ra-pha'ne-se 


Rhod-o-gy'ne or 


Sa'baB 


Sal-o-ni'na 


* Sar'ma-tae 


Ra'po 


Rhod-o-gu'ne 


t Sa-bse'i 


Sal-o-ni'nus 


Sar-ma'ti-a 10 


Ra-scip'o-lis 


Rhod'o-pe or Rho-do'pis 


Sa-ba'ta 


Sa-lo'ni-us 


Sar-men'tus 


* Ra-tu'me-na 


Rho'dus 


t Sa-ba'tha 


* Sal-pi'nas 


Sar'ni-us 


Rau-ra'ci or Rau-ri'ci 


Rhodes (Eng.) 


* Sab'a-thae 


Sal'pis 


Sa'ron 


Ra-ven'na 


RhceTms 


t Sa-ba'tra 


* Sal-tu-a'res 


Sa-ron'i-cus Si'nus 


* Rav-en-na'tes 


Rhoa'cus 


Sa-ba'zi-us 


Sal'vi-an 


* Sa-ro'nis 


Rav'o-la 


Rhce-te'um 


SabTjas 


Sal-vid-i-e'nus 


Sar-pe'don 


Re-a'te 8 


Rhoe'tus 


Sa-bella 


Sal'vi-us 


t Sar-ra 


Re-dic'u-lus 


* Rhoni-bi'tes 


Sa-belli 3 


* Saly-es 


* Sar-ra'nus 


Red'o-nes 


Rho-sa'ces 


t Sa-bellus 


Sa-ma'ri-a 


* Sar'ra-pis 


Re-gilla? 


Rho'sus 


* Sa-bid'i-us 


* Sam-a-ri'a 


Sar-ras'tes 


Re-gil-li-a'nus 


Rhox-a'na or Rox-a'na 


Sa-bi'na 


* Sam-a-ri'ta 


tSars 


Re-gillus 


Rhox-a'ni 3 


Sa-bi'ni 3 4 


* Sam'a-tae 


Sar'si-na 


* Re-gi'na 


Rhu-te'ni and Ru-the'ni 


Sa-bin-i-a'nus 21 


Sam-bulos 


Sar-san'da 


f Re-gi'num 


Rhyn'da-cus 


Sa-bi'nus Aulus 


t SamTius 


Sa'son 


Reg'u-lus 


Rhyn'thon 


* Sa-bi'ra 


Sa'me or Sa'mos 


* Sas'o-nes 


Re'mi 3 


Rhy'pa3 


Sains 


* Sa-me'ni 


* Sas'i-na 


Rem'u-lus 


* Rhytl-us (rish'e-us) 


* Sa-bo'ci 


Sa'mi-a 


* Sat-a-gy'taa 


Re-mu'ri-a 


* Ric'i-mer 


* Sa-bo'tha 


* Sa'mi-us 


* Saf a-nas 


Re'mus 


* Rin-gi-be'ri 


Sab'ra-caB 


Sam-ni'tse 


Sa-tas'pes 



1 Sandace.—A sister of Xerxes, which I find in no lexi- 
cographer but Lempriere, and in him with the accent on the 
first syllable ; but from its Greek original ZavSavKT} it ought 



certainly to be accented on the second. [It should be writ 
ten San-dau'ce.— Trollope.] 

2 Sapores. — This word, says Labbe, is by Gavantus and 
others, ignorant of the Greek, accented on the first syllabi" 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



43 



sc 

Sati-se 

Sat-i-bar-za'nes 
3a-tic'u-la and 
Sa-tic'u-lus 
Sa'ti3 

* Sa-tra'i-dse 

* Sat-ra-pe'a 
Sat-ra-pe'ni 

* Safra-pes 
Sa-tri'cum 
Sa-trop'a-ces 
Safu-ra 
Sat-u-re'i-um or 

Sa-tu're-um 
Sat-u-re'i-us 
Sat-ur-nali-a 
Sa-tur'ni-a 
Sat-ur-ni'nua 
Sa-tur'ni-ua 
Sa-turtiua 
Sat'u-rum 
Sat'y-ri 
Satfy-rus 

Sau-fe'i-us Tro'gus 
Sau-rom'a-tae 
Sau'rus 
Sav'e-ra 

Sa'vo or Sa-vo'na 
Sa'vus 

* Sax'o-nes 
Saz'i-ches 12 
Scae'a or Se'a 
Scae'va or Se'va 
ScaeVo-la or Sev'o-la 
Scal'pi-um 
Sca-man'der 
Sca-man'dri-us 
Scan-da'ri-a 

* Scan-de'a 
Scan-di-na'vi-a 
Scan-tilla 
Scap-tes'y-le 
Scap'ti-a 10 
Scap'ti-ua 10 
Scap'u-la 
Scardi-i 3 4 

* Scar-phe'a 
Scar-phi'a or Scar'phe 
Scau'rus 
3ced'a-sus 
Scel-e-ra'tus 

* Sce-ni'ta3 
Sche'di-a or Ske'di-a 
Sche'di-us 12 
Sche'ri-a 

* Schce-ne'is 
Schoe'ne-us 
Schoe'nus or Sche'no 

* Sci ap'o-des 
Sci'a-this or Si'a-this 
Sci'a-tho3 
Sci'dros 

Scillus 
Sci'nis 
Scin'thi 3 
Sci-o'ne 
Sci-pi'a-dae 

* Sci-pi'a-des 



SE 
Scip'i-o 3 
Sci'ra 7 
Sci-ra'di-um 
Sci'ras 3 
Sci'ron 

* Sci-ron'i-des 
Sci'rus 

* Scol'o-ti 
Scolus 
Sconvhrus 
Sco'pas 

* Scop'e-los 
Sco'pi-um 
Scor-dis'ci and 

Scor-dis'cae 
Sco-ti'nus 
Sco-tus'sa 
Scri-bo'ni-a 
Scri-bo-ni-a'nus 
Scri-bo'ni-ua 

* Scyl'a-ce 
Scyl-a-ce'um 9 
Scylax 
Scylla 
Scyl-lge'um 
Scylli-as 
Scyllis 
Scyllus 
Scy-lu'rus 
Scyp'pi-um 
Scy'ras 

* Scy-ri'a-des 
Scy'ros 

t Scyr'pi-um 

* Scyfa-le 
Scy'thse 

* Scy-the'ni 
Scy'thes or Scy'tha 
Scyth'i-a 
Scyth'i-des 
Scy-thi'nus 
Scy'thon 
Scy-tbop'o-lis 
Se-bas'ta 

Seb-as-te'a 

Seb-as-te'ni 

e-bas'ti-a 

Seb-as-top'o-lis 

Seb'e-da 
Seb-en-ny'tus 
' Se-be'tbis 

Se-be'tos 
Se-be'tus 
Se-bu-si-a'ni or 

Se-gu-si-a'ni 

Sec'e-la 
Sec-ta'nus 

Se-digl-tus 
Sed-i-ta'ni or 

Sed-en-ta'ni 3 
Se-du'ni 3 
Se-du'si-i 3 
Se-ges'ta 
Se-ges'tes 
t Se-ge'ti-a 
Seg'ni 3 
Se-gob'ri-ga 
Seg^o-nax 



SE 

Se-gon'ti-a or 

Se-gun'ti-a 10 
Seg-on-ti'a-ci 3 
Se-go'vi-a 
Se-gun'ti-um 10 
Se-gu-si-a'ni 
t Se-gu'si-o 
Se-ja'nus jETi-us 

* Se-i-sach-tbi'a 
Sel-us Stra'bo 

* Sel-do'mus 
Se-lem'nus 
Se-le'ne 
Sel-eu-ce'na or 

Se-leu'cis 
Se-leu'ci-a 1 29, *-ci'a 
Se-leu'ci-dae 
Se-leu'cis 

* Se-leu-co-belus 
Se-leucus 
Sel'ge 
Se-lim'nus 
Se-li'nuns or Se-li'nua 

* Seli-us 
Sel-la'si-a 
Sel-le'is 
Selli 3 
Se-lynrbri-a 
Sem'e-le 

* Sem-en-ti'nus 

* Se-mid'e-i 
Sem-i-ger-ma'ni 
Sem-i-gun'tus 
Se-mir'a-mis 
Sem'no-nes 

* Sem-no'the-i 
Se-mo'nes 
Sem-o-sanc'tus 
Sem-pro'ni-a 
Sem-pro'ni-us 
Se-mu'ri-um 
Se'na 

Se-na'tor 

e-na'tus 
Sen'ate (Eng.) 
Sen'na or Se'na 
Sen'e-ca 
t Se'ni-a 
Sen'o-nes 

Se-no'nes 
Sen'ti-us 10 

2'pi-as 
t Se'pi-us 

Se-pla'si-a 

Sep-tem'pe-da 

Sep-tem'trio 
Sep-te'ri-on 
Sep-tim'i-us 
Sep-ti-mu-le'i-us 
Sep'y-ra 
Seq'ua-na 
Seq'ua-ni 

Se-quan'i-cus 
Se-quin'i-us 

Se-ra'pes 

Ser-a-pe'um 
Se-ra'pi-o 

Se-ra'pi-on 



SI 
Se-ra'pis 2 
Se'res 
Ser-bo'nis 
Se-re'na 
Se-re-ni-a'nus 
Se-re'nus 
Ser-ges'tus 
Ser'gi-a 
Ser-gi'o-lus 3 
Ser'gi-us 

* Serl-cus 
Se-ri'phus 
Ser'my-la 
Se'ron 
Ser-ra'nus 

* Ser-re'um 
Ser-to'ri-us 
Ser-va3'us 
Ser-vi-a'nus 
Ser-vil'i-a 
Ser-vil-i-a'nus 
Ser-vil'i-us 
Ser'vi-us Tulli-us 

* Ses-a-me'ni 

* Ses'a-mum 
Ses'a-ra 

* Ses-a-re'thus 

* Ses-o-os'tris or 

Se-sos'tris 
Ses'ti-us 

Ses'tos or Ses'tus 
Se-su'vi-i 2 
Sefa-bis 
Se'thon 
Se'ti-a 3 
Seu'thea 
Se-ve'ra 
Se-ve-ri-a'nu8 
Se-ve'rus 4 
t Se'vo 
Sex'ti-a 
Sex-til'i-a 

Sex-tilis 
Sex-til'i-us 
Sex'ti-us 
Sex'tus 
Si-bi'ni 3 

Sib'o-tes 
Si-bur'ti-us 
Si-byrlaB 

Sib-yl-li'nu3 
Si'ca 
Si-cam'bri or 

Sy-ganrhri 3 
Si-ca'ni 3 
Si-ca'ni-a 

* Si ca'nus 
Sic'a-nus 

Sic'e-lis or Si-cel'i-des 
Si-ce'mus and Si-ce'ma 

* Si-ce'nua 
Si-cbae'us 
Si-cil'i-a 

Si-cin'i-us Den-ta'tua 
Si-ci'nus 

Sic'o-ris 
Sic'o-rus 
Sic'u-li 3 



SI 

* Sic'u-lua 
Sic'y-on 
Sic-y-o'ni-a 

* Sid-a-ce'np 
Si'de 8 

* Si-dele 

* Si-de'ne 
Si-de'ro 
Sid-i-ci'num 
Si'don 

* Si-do'nes 

* Sid'o-nis or Si-do'nlfl 
Si-do'ni-us 

Si'ga 

Si-gae'um or Si-ge'um 

Sig"ni-a 

* Sig-ni'nus 
Sig-o-ves'sua 
Sig'u-nae, Si-gy'ni, or 

Si-gyn'na3 
Sila or Syla 

* Si-la'i 
Si-la'na Juli-a 
Si-la'nus 
Sil'a-rus 
Si-le'ni 
Si-le'nus 
Sil-i-cen'se 
Sil'i-us I-tal'i-cuB 
Sil'phi-um 

t Sil'pi-a 
Sil-va'nuH 

* Si-man'ge-lus 
Sim-briv'ius or 

Sim-bru'vi-ua 

* Si-me'na 
Si-me'tbus or 

Sy-me'tbus 
Sim'i-lae 
Sim'i-lis 
Sim'mi-as 
Si'mo 

* Sim'o-eis 
Sim'o-is 
Sim-o-is'i-us 10 
Si'mon 
Si-mon'i-des 
Sim-plic'i-us 24 
Sim'u-lus 
Si'mus 
Sim'y-ra 

t Sin'das 
Sin'di 

* Si-ne'ra 
Sin-ga3'i 3 

Sin-gu-lo'nea 
t Sin'gus 
Si'nis 
Sin'na-ces 
Sin'na-cha 
Sin'o-e 
Si'non 
Si-no'pe 
Si-no'pe-us 
Sin'c-rix 
t Sin-ti'ce 
Sin'ti-i 3 4 
Sin-u-es'sa 



1 Seleucia. — Lempriere and Labbe accent this word on the 
penultimate, but Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke on tbe 
antepenultimate. As this word, according to Strabo, had its 
penultimate formed of the diphthong £<, ZeXeviceia, this syl- 
lable ought to have tbe accent ; but as the antepenultimate 
accent is so incorporated into our tongue, I would strongly 
recommend the pronunciation which an English scholar 
would give it at first sight, and that is, placing the accent on 
the u. This is the accent Milton gives it : 

Eden stretch'd her line 
From Auran eastward to the royal tow'ra 
Of great Seleucia, built by Grecian kings. 

Par. Lost, b. 4. 

If, however, the English scholar wishes to shine in the clas- 
sical pronunciation of this word, let him take care to pro- 
nounce the c like s only, and not like sh, which it necessarily 
has if the accent be on the antepenultimate syllable. — See 
Rules 10 and 30. [And notes. The c should properly be 
pronounced like k, and the next word should also have the 
accent -m the penultimate. — Trollope.] 
« Serapis. — There is not a dissenting voice among our 



prosodists for the pronouncing of this word with the accent 
on the penultimate syllable ; and yet, to show the tendency 
of English pronunciation, when a ship of this name had a 
desperate engagement with one of the French, which at- 
tracted the attention of the public, every body pronounced 
it with the accent on the first syllable. Milton has done the 
same in his sublime description of the grandeurs of Pande- 
monium : 

Not Babylon, 
Nor great Alcairo, such magnificence 
Equal'd in all their glories, to enshrine 
Belus or Serapis their gods ; or seat 
Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove 
In wealth and luxury. 

Par. Lost, b. i., v. 717. 

3 Sergiolus. — I find this word in no dictionary but Lem- 
priere'8, and here the accent is placed upoo the penultimate 
instead of the antepenultimate syllable. [ uv., Sat., vl, 105 : 
Sergiolus jam radere guttur. — Trollope.'] 

4 Severus. — This word, like Serapis, is universally mispro- 
nounced by the mere English scholar, with the accent en 
the first syllable. 



44 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



so 

* Sin-u-es-sa'nus 

* Si-o'pe 
Siph'nos 

Si-pon'tum or Si'pus 
Sip'y-lum and Sip'y-lus 
tSirT>o 

* Sir-bo'nis 

* Si-red'o-nes 
Si-re'nes 
Si'rens (Eng.) 
Si'ris 
Sirl-us 
Sir'mi-um 

* Si-ro'mus 

* Sir-o-pa3'o-nes 

* Sis'a-pon 
Si-sam'nes 
Sis'a-pho 

* Sis'a-ra 
\ Sis-ci'a 
Sis'e-nes 
Si-sen'na 
Sis-i-gamlris or 

Sis-y-gamtris 
Sis-o-cos'tus 
Sis'y-phus 
Si-tal'ces 

* Si-the'ni 
Sith'ni-des 
Si'thon 

* Sith'o-nes 

* Sith'o-nis 
Si-tho'ni-a 
Sifi-us 10 24 
Sifo-nes 

* Sit-te-be'ris 

* Siz'y-ges 

\ Sma-rag'dus 

Sme'nus 

Smer'dis 

Smilax 

Smilis 

Smin-dyr'i-des 

Smin'the-us 1 

Smyr'na 

So-a'na 

So-an'da 

So-a'nes 

Soc'ra-tes 

* Sod'o-ma 
Soe'mi-as 
Sog-di-a'na 
Sog-di-a'nus 

* So-la'nus 

* Sol'e-nus 
t So-li'mus 

* So-li'nus 

* Sol-le'um 
Sol'o-e or Soli 
So-los'is 
Solon 
So-lo'ni-um 
Solus 

f Sol'va 

* Sol-y-ge'a 
Sol'y-ma and Sol'y-mae 

* Sol'y-mi ' 
Som'nus 
Son'chis 12 
Son-ti'a-tes 
Sop'a-ter 
So'phax 



SP 
So-phe'ne 8 

* So-phsen'e-tus 

* So'phi-a 
Soph'o-cles 
Soph-o-nisl>a 
So'phron 

* Soph'ro-na 
So-phro'ni-a 
So-phron'i-cus 2 
Soph-ro-nis'cus 

* So-phro'ni-us 
So-phros'y-ne 

* So-pi'thes 
Sop'o-lis 
So'ra 

So-rac'tes and So-rac'te 
So-ra'nus 

* Sor'di-ce 
So'rex 
So-rifi-a 10 
So'si-a Galla 10 
So-sib'i-us 
Sos'i-cles 
So-sic'ra-tes 
So-sig'e-nes 
So'si-i 3 10 
Sos'i-lus 
So-sip'a-ter 

* So-sip'o-lis 
So'sis 
So-sis'tra-tus 

* So-sith'e-us 
So'si-us 10 

t Sos'pi-ta 

Sos'the-nes 

Sos'tra-tus 

* Sos'xe-tra 
Sofa-des 
So'ter 

* So-te'res 
So-te'ri-a 
So-terl-cus 
So'this 

t So-ti-a'tes 
So'ti-on 11 

* So-ti'ra 
So'ti-us 10 
So'us 

* Sox'o-tae 
Soz'o-men 

* So-zom'e-nus 
Spa'co 

* Spal'e-thra 

* Spar-ga-pi'thes 
Sparta 
Spar'ta-cus 
Spar'tae or Spar'ti 
Spar-ta'ni or 

Spar-ti-a'tse 22 

* Spar-ta'nus 
Spar-ti-a'nus 

* Spar-tolus 

* Spaf a-le 
Spe'chi-a 12 
Spen'di-us 
Spen'don 

* Sper-cbi'a 
Sper-chi'us 12 
Sper-ma-toph'a-gi 
Speu-sip'pus 
Sphac-te'ri-se 

* Spbe-ce'a 



ST 
Sphe'rus 
Sphinx 
Spho'dri-as 
Sphra-gid'i-um 
Spi-cillus 
Spin'tha-rus 
Spin'ther 
Spi'o 

Spi-tam'e-nes 
Spi-thob'a-tes 
Spith-ri-da'tes 
Spo-le'ti-um 10 

* Spo-le'tum 
Spor'a-desa 20 
Spu-ri'na 
Spu'ri-us 
Sta-be'ri-us 
Stal)i-se 

* Stab'u-lum 
Sta-gi'ra 1 
Sta'i-us 

* Stam'e-ne 
Staph'y-lus 
Sta-san'der 
Sta-sil'e-us 29 
t Sta-te'nus 
Sta-til'i-a 
Sta-til'i-us 
Stafi-nae 
Sta-ti'ra 
Sta'ti-us 10 
Sta-se'as 
Sta-sic'ra-tes 
Sta'tor 

* Steg'a-nos 
Stel-la'tes 
Stelli-o 
Ste'na 
Sten-o-boe'a 
Ste-noc'ra-tes 
Sten'tor 

* Sten'to-ris 

* Sten-y-cle'rus 
Steph'a-na 
Steph'a-nus 
Ster'o-pe 
Ster'o-pes 
Ster-sich'o-rus 
Ster-tin'i-us 
Ste-sag'o-ras 

* Ste-sich'o-rus 
Stes-i-cle'a 

t Stee-i-le'us 
Ste-sim'bro-tus 

* Sthen-e-la'i-das 
Sthen'e-le 
Sthen'e-lus 
Sthe'nis 
Sthe'no 
Stiien-o-bce'a 
Stil'be or Stilln-a 
Stil'i-cbo 
Stil'po 
Stim'i-con 
Stiph'i-lus 

* Sti-ri'tse 
Sto-bae'us 
Stcech'a-des 
Sto'i-ci 
Sto'ics (Eng.) 

* Sto'i-cus 
Straljo 



SU 

Stra-tar'chas 

* Stra-te'gus 
Stra'to or Stra'ton 
Strat'o-cles 

* Strat-o-cli'a 
Strat-o-ni'ce 

* Stra-ton-i-ce'a 
Strat-o-ni'cus 30 

* Stro-gola 
Stron'gy-le 
Stroph'a-des 
Stro'phi-us 

* Stru-thi'a 
Stru-thoph'a-gi 
Stru'thus 
Stry'ma 
Strym'no 
Stry'mon 

* Strym'o-nis 

* Styg'i-us 
Styg'ne 

* Sty-lob'a-tes 
Stym-pha'li-a or 

Stym-phalis 

* Stym'pha-lis 
Stym-phalus 
Sty'ra 
Sty'rus 
Styx 

* Su-a'da 

* Su-ag'e-la 
t Su-a'na 
Su-ar-do'nes 

* Sub-al-pi'nus 
Su-ba'tri-i 3 4 

* Subla-cum 
Su-blic'i-os 24 

t Sub-mon-to'ri-um 
Su-bo'ta 

* Su-bu'ra 
Su-bur'ra 
Su'cro 

* Su-de'ti 

* Su-elDUS 
Su-es'sa 

* Su-es-sa'nus 

* Su-es-si'o-nes or -o'nes 
Su-es'so-nes 
Sue-to'ni-us 

Sue'vi, * Su-e'vi 
Sue'vi-us 

* Sue'vus, * Su-e'vus 
Suf-fe'nus 

* Suf-fe'tes 

Suf-fe'ti-us or Su-fe'ti-us 
Sui'das* 

* Su-il-la'res 
Su-il'i-us 
Su-i-o'nes 
Sul'chi 
Sul'ci-us 
t Sul'ga 

Sul'mo or Sul'mo-na 
Sul-pifi-a 
Sul-pit'i-us or 

Sul-pic'i-us 24 
Sum-ma'nus 
Su'ni-ci 
Su'ni-des 
Su'ni-um 

* Su-od'o-na 
Su-o-ve-tau-ril'i-a 



SY 
Su'pe-rum Ma're 
Su'ra iE-myl'i-us 
Su-re'na 

* Su-re'nas 
t Su'ri-um 
Sur-ren'tum 
Su'rus 
Su'sa 
Su'sa-na 
Su-sa'ri-on 
Su-si-a'na or Su'sis 
t Su'tbul 
Su'tri-um 
Sy-a'grus 
Syb'-a-ris 
Syb-a-ri'ta 
Syb'a-rite (Eng.j 

* Syb'e-rus 

* Syb'o-ta 
Syb'o-tas 
Sy-cin'nus 
Sy'e-dra 
Sy'e-ne 8 
Sy-e-ne'si-us 1U 
Sy-e-ni'tes 
Sy-en'ne-sis 
Sy-le'a 

* Sy-le'um 
Syl'e-us 

* Sy-li'o-nes 
Sylla 
Syl'lis 
Syl'o-es 
Syl'o-son 
Syl-va'nus 
Syl'vi-a 
Syl'vi-us 
Sy'ma or Sy'me 

* Sym'bo-la 

* Sym-bo-lo'rum 
Symlao-lum 
Sym'ma-chus 
Sym-pleg'a-des 

* Sym-ple'gas 
S/mus 
Syn-cellus ' 
Syn'ge-lus 

* Syn'e-dri 

* Syn-e-phelrt 
Sy-ne'si-us 10 

* Synlia-lus 

* Syn'na-da 
Syn-na-lax'is 
Syn'nas 
Syn'nis 

* Syn'no-on 

* Syn'o-dus 
Sy-no'pe 
Syn'ty-che 
Sy-phae'um 
Sy'phax 
Syr'a-ces 
Syr-a-co'si-a 
Syr-a-cu'see 8 
Syfa-cuse (Eng.) 
Syrl-a 
Sy'rinx 

* Syr'ma-tse 

* Syr-ne'tho 

* Syr-o-cil'i-ces 

* Syr-o-me'di-a 
Syr-o-phoe'nix 



1 Smintheus. — This word, like Orpheus, and others of the 
same form, has the accent on the first syllable ; but poets 
often contract the last two syllables into one ; as Pope : 

O, Smintheus, sprung from fair Latona's line, 
Thou guardian power of Cilia the divine ! 
- -See Idom.cne.us ; [and Note. — Trollope.] 

2 Sopkronicus. — I find this word in no prosodist but Labbe ; 
and he places the accent on the penultimate syllable, like 
most other words of this termination, unless, says he, any 
one thinks it more likely to be derived from Sophron than 
from victory ; that is, by uniting a general termination to the 
root of the word, than combining it with another word sig- 
nificant of itself. But as there is a Greek adjective Ywtypovi- 
Kog, signify ng ordained by nature to temperance, it is much 
more prob ble that Sopkronicus is this adjective used sub- 
stantively, han that it should be compounded of Sw^/Jwv 
and vikos, conquering temperance; and, therefore, the ante- 
penultimate accent seems preferable. 

3 Sporades. — This word has the accent placed on the first 



syllable by all our prosodists ; but a mere English ear is not 
only inclined to place the accent on the second syllable, but 
to pronounce the word as if it were a dissyllable, Spo'rades ; 
but this is so gross an error, that it can not be too carefully 
avoided. 

4 Suidas. — This word is generally heard, even among the 
learned, in two syllables, as if written Sui-das. Labbe, how- 
ever, makes it three syllables, and accents the first ; although, 
says he, by what right I know not, it is generally pronounced 
with the accent on the penultimate. It may be observed, 
that if we place the accent on the first syllable, the i in the 
second must be pronounced like e ; and that the general 
pronunciation which Labbe complains of, that of placing 
the accent on the second syllable, must, in our English pro- 
nunciation of Greek and Latin words, preserve the i in its 
long, open sound, as in idle ; if, therefore, we pronounce 
the i in this manner, it is a sufficient proof that we place the 
accent on the penultimate syllable ; which, though com- 
mon, is, as Labbe observes, without good authority. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



45 



TA ■ 
3yr-o-phoe-ni'ces 
Syros 
Syrtes 
Syrus 

Sys-i-gam'bis 
Sy-aim'e-thres 
Sys'i-nas 
Sy'thas 



TA-AU'TES 

* Tab'a-nus 

* Ta-be'ni 
f Ta^or 
Tab'ra-ca 
i.Ta-bu'da 
Ta-bur'nus 
f Ta-ca'pe 

* Tac-a-pho'ris 
f Tac-a-tu'a 
Tac-fa-ri'nas 
Ta-champ'so 

* Tach'o-ri 
Ta'chos or Ta'chus 
Tac'i-ta 24 
Tac'i-tus 24 
*Tac'o-la 
Tse'di-a 

* Tae-dife-ra 

* Tsen'a-roa 
Taen'a-rus 
Tae'ni-as 

* Ta-e'pa 
Ta'ges 
Ta-go'ni-us 
Ta'gus 

Ta-la'si-us 10 
Tal'a-us 
Ta-la'y-ra 6 
Tal'e-tum 
Tal-tbyb'i-us 
Talus 
Tam'a-rus 
Ta-ma'se-a 

* Tam'e-sis 
Ta-me'sis 
Ta'mos 
Tam'pi-us 
Tam'y-raa 
Tam'y-ris 
Tan'a-gra 

* Tan-a-gre'us or 
* Tan-a-grae'us 

Tan'a-grus or Tan'a-ger 
Tan'a-is 
Tan'a-quil 
Ta-ne'tum 
f- Ta'nis 
Tan-tal'i-dea 
Tan'ta-lua 

Ta-nu'si-us Ger'mi-nus 
iO 

* Ta-o'ca, Ta-o'ci 
Ta'phi-ae 

* Ta'phi-i 
Ta'phi-us or 

Ta-phi-as'sus 
« Tap'o-ri 

* Tap-o-si'ris 
Ta-prob'a-ne 
Tap'sus 
Tap'y-ri 3 
Tar'a-nis 
Ta'ras 
Ta-ras'co 
Tar-ax-ip'pus 
Tar-belli 3 

* Tar-beM-cus 
Tar-che'ti-us 10 

* Tar'chi-a 
Tar'chon 



TE 

* Tar-chon-dim'o-tua 

* Tar-en-ti'nus 
Ta-ren'tum or Ta-ren'tua 

* Tar-i-che'a 

* Ta-rich'e-a 
Tar'ns 
Tar-pa 
Tar-pe'i-a 5 
Tar-pe'i-us 5 
Tar-quin'i-i 3 
Tar-quin'i-a 
Tar-quin'i-ua 
Tar-quifi-ua 27 
Tar'qui-tus 
Tar-ra-ci'na 
Tar'ra-co 
Tar-ru'ti-us 10 
Tar-sa 
Tar'si-us 10 
Tar'sus or Tar'soa 

* Tar-tarl-nua 
Tar'ta-rus 

* Tar-te'sus 
Tar-tes'sus 
Ta-run'ti-ua 
t Ta'rus 

t Tar-vig'i-um 
Tas-ge'ti-us 

* Tas'si-to 
Ta'ti-an 
Ta-ti-en'ses 

* Ta'ti-i 
Ta'ti-us 10 
Tafta 

* Tau-chi'ra 
Tau-lan'ti-i b 
Tau'nus 
Tau-ra'ni-a 
Tau-ran'tes 
Tau'ri 3 

* Tau-ri'a 

Tau'ri-ca Cher-so-ne'sus 
Tau'ri-ca 7 
Tau-ri'ni 3 
Tau-ris'ci 3 
Tau'ri-um 

Tau'ri-us 

Tau-rob'o-lus 

Tau'ro-is 

Tau-rom'e-nos 
Tau-ro-min'i-um 

Tau-ro-po-li'a 

* Tau-rop'o4u8 
Tau-m/bu-lae 

Tau'rus 
Tax'i-la 

Tax'i-li 
Tax'i-lus or Tax'i-les 
Tax-i-maq'ui-lus 
Ta-yg-e-te or Ta-y-ge'ta 
Ta-yg'e-tus orTa-ygVta 1 
Te-a'num 
Te'a-rus 
Te-a'te-a, * Te-a'te, or 

Te-ge'a-te 
t Te'ches 
Tech-mes'sa 
Techfna-tis 
Tec'ta-mua 
Tec-tos'a-ges or 

Tec-tos'a-ga? 

* Tec'to-sax 
Te'ge-a or Te-gae'a 

Te-ge-a'tes 
Teg'u-la 
Teg'y-ra 7 
Te'i-os 5 
Te'i-um 

* Te'i-ua 
tTela 
Tel'a-mon 
Tel-a-mo-ni'a-des 
Tel-chi'nes 
Tel-chin'i-a 



TE 

Tel-chin'i-us 
Tel'cbis 
Tele-a 7 19 

* Tel'e-ba 
Te-leb'o-as 

Te-leb'o-8B or Te-leb'o-e§ 
Tel-e-bo'i-des 
Te-le'cles or Te-le'clus 
Tel-e-cli'des 
Te-leg-o-nus 
Te-lem'a-chus 
Tel'e-mua 
Tel-e-phas'sa 
Tel'e-phus 

Te-le'si-a 10 

Te-les'i-clas 

Te-les'i-cle8 

Tel-e-silla 

Tel-e sin'i-cua 

Tel-e-si'nua 

Tel-e-sip'pus 

Te-les'pho-nua 

Tel-e-stag'o-ras 

Te-les'tas 

Te-les'tes 

Te-les'to 

Tel'e-thus 

Te-le-tbu'sa 

Te-leu'ri-as 

t Te-leu'te 

Te-leu'ti-as 

* Tel'i-nus 
Tel-le'ne 
Telles 
Telli-as 
Tellis 
Tellus 

* Tel'me-ra 
Tel-mes'sus or 

Tel-mis'sua 
Te'lon 
Tel-tbu'sa 
Telys 26 
Te-ma'tbe-a 

* Tem'bri-um 

* Tem-e-ni'a 
Tem-e-ni'tes 
Te-me'ni-um ■ 

* Tem'e-nos 
Tem'e-nus 
Tem-e-rin'da 
Tem'e-sa or Tem'e-se 

* Tem'i-sus 

* Tem-mi'ces 
Tem'nes 
Tem'nos 
Tera'pe 

* Tem'pe-a 

* Tencb-te'ri 
t Te'ne-a 

* Te-ne'ee 
Ten'e-dos 

* Ten'e-rua 
Te'nes 26 
Ten'e-sis 

* Te-ne'um 
Ten'nes 
Te'nos 26 

Ten'ty-ra (in Egypt) 
Ten-ty'ra or * Tem-py'ra 
Te'oa or Te'i-os 
Te-re'don 
Te-ren'ti-a 
Te-ren-ti-a'nus 
Te-ren'ti-us Pub1i-us 
Te-ren'tus 

Te're-us 2 

* Ter-gem'i-nua 
Ter-ges'te and 

Ter-ges'tum 
Te'ri-aa 19 
Ter-i-ba'zus • 
Te-rid'a-e 19 
Ter-i-da'tea 



TH 

Ter'i-gum 

* Te-ri'na 
Ter-men'ti-a 10 

* Ter'me-ra 
Tefme-rua 27 
Ter-me'sua 27 
Ter-mi-nali-a 
Ter-mi-nalia 
Ter'mi-nus 
Ter'mi-sus or 

Ter-mes'sua 
Ter-pan'der 
Terp-sich'o-re 8 
Terp-sic'ra-te 
Ter-ra 
Ter-ra-ci'na 
Ter-ra-sid'i-ua 
Ter-ti-a 10 
Ter'ti-us 10 
Ter-tul-li-a'nua 
Te'thys 26 

* Tet-ra-co'mum 

* Tet-ra-go'nis 
Te-trap'o-lis 
Tefri-cus 
Teu'cer 

* Teu-chi'ra 
Teu'cri 3 
Teu'cri-a 
Teuc'te-ri 3 

* Teu-me'sos 
Teu-mes'sus 

* Teu-o'cbis 
Teu'ta 
Teu-ta'mi-as or 

Teu'ta-mis 
Teu'ta-mua 
Teu'tas or Teu-ta'tes 
Teu'thras 

* Teu-thro'ne 
Teu-tom'a-tus 
Teu'to-ni and Teu'to-nes 

* Teu-ton'i-cua 
Tha-ben'na 

* Thac'co-na 
Tba'is 
Thala 
Thal'a-me or -mse 

* Tba-las'si-o 
Tha-las'si-ua 
Thalea 
Tha-les'tri-a or 

Tba-les'tria 
Tha-le'tea 27 

* Tha-le'ua 
Tha-li'a 30 

* Thali-ua 
tThal'lo 
Thal'pi-us 

t Tbam'u-da 
Tham'y-raa 
Tham'y-ris 

* Than'a-tus 
Tbap'sa-cua 
Thar-geli-a 

* Thar-gib'u-lua 
Tha-ri'a-des 
Tha'rops 26 
Tba'si-us or Thra'si-us 10 
Tba'sos 26 

Tba'sus 

Tbau-ma'ci-a 
Tbau-man'ti-as and 

Thau-man'tia 
Thau'mas 
Thau-ma'si-ua 
The'a 

The-ae-te'tus 
The-ag'e-nes 
Tbe-a'ges 
The-a'no 
The-a'num 
The-arl-das 
The-ar'nua 



Ttt 

The-a-te'tes 
The'baa 8 
Thebes* (Eng.) 
Theb'a-is 

* The-ba'nua 
The-be 

* Theg-a-nu'aa 
The'i-a 
The'i-aa 5 

* Thel-a-i'ra 
Thel-e-phaa'aa 

* Thel-e-si'nua 

* Thel'i-ne 
Thel-pu'sa 
Thelx-i'on 29 
Thelx-i'o-pe 
Them'e-nua 
The-me'si-on 11 
The'mi8 
The-mia'cy-ra 
Them'i-son 
Tbe-mis'ta 
The-mis'ti-us 
The-mis'to-cles 
Thera-i-stog'e-nefl 
The-o-cle'a 
The'o-cles 
The'o-clus 
The-o-clym'e-nus 

* The-ocay-tus 
The-oc'ri-tus 
The-od'a-maa or 

Thi-od'a-mas 

* The-o-da'mus 

* The-od'a-tua 
The-o-dec'tes 
t The-o-do'nis 
The-o-do'ra 
The-o-do-re'tus 
The-od'o-ret (Eng.) 

* Tbe-o-do-ri'cus 
The-o-do-ri'tus 
The-o-do'rus 
Tbe-o-do'si-us 10 
The-od'o-ta 
The-o-do'ti-on 11 
The-od'o-tus 

* The-o-dulus 

* The-o-gi'ton 
The-og-ne'tes 
The-og'nis 
The-om-nes'tus 
The'on 
Tbe'on O-che'ma 

* The-o'nas and 
* The-o-ni'cus 

The-on'o-e 8 

The'o-pe 

The-oph'a-ne 

The-oph'a-nes 

The-o-pba'ni-a 

* The-oph-a-ni'a 

* The-oph'i-la 
The-oph'i-lus 
The-o-phras'tus 
The-o-pby-lac'tus 
The-oph'y-lact (Eng.) 
The-o-pol'e-mus 
The-o-pom'pus 

* The-op'ro-pus 

* The-o'ris 
The-o'ri-us 
The-o-ti'mus 
The-ox'e-na 
The-ox-e'ni-a 
The-ox-e'ni-us 
Tbe'ra 
The-ramTjus 
The-ram'e-nes 
Tbe-rap'ne or 

Te-rap'ne 
The'ras 

* Tbe-rid'a-mas 
Tbe-rim'a-cbus 



1 Taygeta. — All our prosodists but Lempriere accent these 
words on the penultimate syllable, as if divided into Ta-yg'e- 
tus and Ta-yg'e-te. I am, therefore, rather inclined to suppose 
the quantity marked in his dictionary an error of the press. 
The lines in Lily's Qua Genus will easily call to the recol- 
lection of every scholar how early he adopted the antepe- 
nultimate pronunciation : 



Tartara, Taygetus, sic Taenera, Massica, et altus 
Gargarus. 

2 Tereus. — For words of this termination, see Idomeneus. 

3 Thebes. — Thebes in Egypt was called Hecatom'pylos, from 
having a hundred gates ; and Thebes in Greece Heptap'yloi 
from its seven gales. 



46 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



TH 

* Therl-nus 
The-rip'pi-das 
Ther'i-tas 
Ther'ma 
Ther-mo'don 
Ther-mop'y-la 
) Ther'mum 
Ther'mua 
The-rod'a-mas 
The'ron 
Ther-pan'der 
Ther-san'der 
Ther-ail'o-chus 
Ther-sip'pus 
Ther-si'tes 1 
Thes-bi'tes 

* The-se'a 
The-se'i-da3 
The-se'is 

* The-se'um 
The'se-us, The'seC* 
The-si'dsB 
The-si'des 

* Thes-moph'o-ra 
Thes-mo.pho'ri-a 
Thes-moth'e-tae 

* Thes'o-a 

* Thes-pe'a 
Thes-pi'a 
Thes-pi'a-dae 
Thes-pi'a-des 
Thea'pi-ae 
Thes'pis 

Thes'pi-us or Thes'ti-us 

* Thes-pro'ti 
Thes-pro'ti-a 10 
Thes-pro'tua 
Thes-sali-a 
Thes-sali-on 29 
Thes-sa-li'o-tes 
Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca l 30 
Thes'sa-lus 
Thes'ta-lus 
Thes'te 
Thes'ti-a 
"Vhes-ti'a-dae and 

Thes-ti'a-des 
Thes'ti-as 

* Thes-ti-di'um 
Thes'ti-us 
Thes'tor 
Thes'ty-lis 

* Thes'ty-lus 
The'tis 

* Theu'do-tus 
Theu'tis or Teu'this 
Thi'a 

* Thi-al-lela 
Thi'as 
Thim'bron 
Thi-od'a-mas 
t Thir-midl-a 
This'be 
This'i-a3 10 
This'o-a 

* Tho-an-te'us 
Tho-an'ti-um 10 
Tho'as 

Tho'e 8 
Tholua 
Thom'y-ris 19 
Thon2 
Tho'nis 

* Tho-ni'tes 
Tho'on 
Tho'o-sa 
Tho-o'tes 
Tho-ra'ni-us 
Tho'rax 
Tho'ri-a (Lex) 
Thor'nax 
Thor-sus 
fiThoth 
Tho'us 



TI 
Thra'ce 
Thra'ces 
Thra'ci-a 
Thrace (Eng.) 
Thrac'i-dBB 19 
Thra'cis 
Thra'se-as 11 
Thra-sid'e-ua 
Thra'si-us 
Thra'so 
Thras-y-bulua 
Thraa-y-dae'us 
Thra-syllus 
Thra-sym'a-chus 
Thras-y-me'des 

Thras-y-me'nus 
Thre-ic'i-us 24 
Thre-is'sa 
Threp-sip'pas 
Thri-am'bus 
Thro'ni-um 
Thry'on 
Thry-us 
Thu-cyd'i-dea 
Thu-is'to 
Thule 8 

Thu'ri-83 or Thu'ri-um 
Thu'ri-nus or 

±*Thu-ri'nu3 
Thus'ci-a 
Thy'a 
Thy'a-des 

* Thy-a-mi'a 
Thy'a-mis 
Thy'a-na 
Thy-a-ti'ra 
Thy-bar'ni 
Thy-es'ta 
Thy-es'tes 

* Thy-es-te'us 

* Thy'i-aa 
Thymlira 
Thym-brse'ua 

Thymlari-a 
ThymOma 
Thym'bron 
Thym'e-le 
Thy-mi'a-this 
Thy-moch'a-res 
Thy-moa'tes 
Thy-od'a-maa 
Thy-o'ne 
Thy-o'ne-us 
Thy'o-tes 
Thy're 
Thyr'e-a 

* Thyr-e-a'tis 
Thyr-e-ua 

* Thyrl-des 
Thyr'i-on 
Thyr-sag'e-tae 

* Thyr-sag'e-tes 
Thys'so8 
Thy'us 

* Ti-a'ra 
Ti'a-sa 1 
Tib-a-re'ni 
Ti-be'ri-as 
Tib-e-ri'nus 
Tib'e-ris 
Tiber (Eng.) 
Ti-be'ri-ua 

* Ti-be'rus 
Ti-be'sis 

* Tib-i-ae'nua 

* Tib'u-la 
Ti-bul'lus 
TTbur 

* Tib-ur-ti'nus 
Ti-bur'ti-ua 10 
Ti-bur'tus 

t Ti'chis 
Tich'i-us 12 
Tic'i-da 



TI 
Ti-ci'nus (a river) 

* Tic'i-nus (a man) 
Tid'i-ua 

Ti-es'sa 

t Ti-fa'ta 

aTi-fer'num 

Tig'a-sis 

Tig-el-li'nus 24 

Ti-gelTi-us 

Ti-gra'nes 

Tig-ran-o-cer'ta 

Ti'grea 

Ti'gris 

Tig-u-ri'ni 3 

Til-a-tae'i 4 

t Til-a-vemp'tus 

t Til-phus'sus 

Ti-mae'a 

Ti-maen'e-tus 
Ti-mae'us 
Ti-mag'e-nes 

Tim-a-ge'tes 
Ti-mag'o-ras 
Ti-man'dra 
Ti-man'dri-des 

* Ti-man'ge-lua 
Ti-man'thes 
Ti-mar'chua 12 
Tim-a-re'ta 
Ti-raa'si-on 11 
Tim-a-sith'e-ua 
Ti-ma'vu3 

* Tim'e-aa 
Ti-me'si-ua 11 
Ti-moch'a-ris 12 
Tim-o-cle'a 

* Tim'o-clea 
Ti-moc'ra-tea 
Ti-mo'cre-on 
Tim-o-de'mua 
Tim-o-la'us 
Ti-mole-on 
Ti-molus 13 
Ti-mom'a-cbua 
Ti'mon 

* Ti-mo'nax 
Ti-moph'a-ne8 
Ti-mo'the-us 
Ti-mox'e-nus 
Tin'gis 

t Tin'i-a 

Ti'pha 

Ti'phy8 

Tiph'y-sa 

Ti-re'si-aa 10 

Tir-i-ba'ses 

Tir-i-da'tes 

Ti'ris 18 

Ti'ro 

Ti-ryn'tbi-a 

Ti-ryn'thua 

Ti-sse'um 

Ti-sag'o-ras 

Ti-Ham'e-nes 

* Ti-sam'e-nus 
Ti-san'drua 
Ti-sar'chus 

t Tis'dra 
Ti-si'a-rua 
Tis'i-aa 10 

* Ti-sim'a-nes 
Ti-sipb'o-ne 
Ti-siph'o-nua 

* Tis'o-bis 
t Tis'sa 
Tis-sam'e-nua 
Tis-sa-pher'nea 
Ti-tae'a 

Ti'tan or Ti-ta'nua 
Tifa-na 
Ti-ta'nes 
Ti'tans (Eng.) 

* Tit-a-ne'ua 
Ti-ta'ni-a 



! TR 

I Ti-tanl-dee 

t Ti-ta'nua (a giant) 

t Tif a-nus (a river) 

Tit-a-re'si-us 

Tit-a-re'sus 10 

Tife-nua 

Tith-e-nid'i-8 

Ti-tho'nus 
Ti-tho're-a 

Ti-thraua'tes 

Tifi-a 19 

Tit-i-a'na 21 

Tit-i-a'nue 

* Tif i-ea 
Tif i-i 3 19 
Ti-tin'i-ua 
Tifi-ua 10 19 
Ti-tor'mus 

* Tit-the'um 
Ti-tu'ri-us 
Ti'tua 
Tify-rua 
Tify-us 19 
Tle-pol'e-mus 16 
Tma'rua 
Tmolus 13 

* Toch'a-ri 
To-ga'ta 

t To-le'tum 

* Tol-is-toTri-i 
Tol'mi-des 

* Tol'o-phon 
To-lo'sa 
To-lum'nus 
To1us 
To-mae'um 
Tom'a-rua 19 
Tom'i-sa 

* To-mi'ta3 

* Tom'o-ri or * To-mu' 
To'moa or To'mis 
Tom'y-ris 

* Ton-do'ta 
To'ne-a 
Ton-giMi-us 

* To-ni'a 
To-pa'zos 

* To-pa'zus 
Top'i-ris or Top'rus 

* Tor'e-tae 
Torl-ni 3 
To-ro'ne 
Tor-qua'ta 
Tor-qua'tue 
Tor'tor 
To'rua 
Tor'y-ne 

* To-ry'ne 
Tox-a-rid'i-a 19 
Tox'e-u8 
Tox-ici-a-te 

* Tox'i-U 

* To-yg'e-ni 
Tra'be-a 
Trach'a-lus 12 
Tra'chas 

* Tra-che'a 
Tra-chinl-a 
Trach-o-ni'tis 

* Tra-goe'di-a 
Tra'gus 
Traj-a-nop'o-lis 
Tra-ja'nua 
Tra'jan (Eng.) 
Tralles 

* Trans-al-pi'nus 

* Trana-pa-da'nua 
Trana-tib-er-i'na 

* Trana-tib-e-ri'nus 

* Trap'e-za 

* Trap'e-zon 
Tra-pe'zua 

* Trap'e-zua 

* Tra-phe'a 



* TR 
Tras-i.me'nus 
Tra-sullus 
t TreTja 
Tre-ba'ti-us 10 
Tre-belJi-a'nus 
Tre-bel-li-e'nus 
Tre-belli-us 
Tre'bi.a 
TreTri-us 
Tre-bo'ni-a (Lex) 
Tre-bo'ni-us 
Treb'u-la 19 
Tre'rua 

* Trea'vi-rl 
Trev'e-ri 3 
Tri-a'ri-a 
Tri-a'ri-ua 
Tri-balli 3 
Trib'o-ci 
Tri-bu'ni 

t Tri-cas'ses 
Tric-as-ti'ni 3 
Tric'csB 

* Trich'i-nas 

* Tri-cho'iris 
Tri-cla'ri-a 

* Tric-o-lo'ni 

* Tri-cor'y-thus 

* Tri-cra'na 
Tri-cre'na 

t Tri-den'tum 

* Tri-e'res 
Tri-e-terf-ca 

Tri-e-te'ris 
Trif-o-li'nua 
t Tri-gem'i-na 

* Tri-go'num 

* Tri-go'nus 
Tri-na'cri-a or 

Trin'a-cria 

* Tri-ne'me-is 
Trin-o-ban'tes 
Tri-oc'a-la or Tri'o-cl 

* Tri'o-dua 

* Tri-o'nes 
Tri'o-pas or Tri'ops 

* Tri-o-pe'i-us 
Tri-phillis 
Tri-philus 
Tri-phyl'i-a 

* Tri-phylis 

* Trip'o-di 
Trip'o-lis 19 
Trip-tol'e-mua 
Triq'ue-tra 
Tris-me-gis'tup 

* Tri-te'a 

Triti-a (trish'e-a) 10 
Trit-o-ge-ni'a 30 
Tri'ton 

* Tri-to'nei 
Tri-to'nis 

* Tri-to'nua 
Tri-um'vi-ri 4 
Tri-ven'tum 
TrM-a 

Triv'i-ae An'trum 
Triv'i-se Lu'cua 
Tri-vi'cum 
Tro'a-des 
Tro'as 
Troch'a-ri 
Troch'o-ia 12 
Tros-ze'ne 
Trogl-lus 24 
Trog-lod'y-tae 

* Trog-lod'y-tes , 
Tro'gus Pom-pe'i-us 
Tro'ja 

Troy (Eng.) 
Tro'i-lus 3 

* Tro-ju'ge^nae 
Trom-en-ti'na 
Tropb'i-mus 



1 Thessalonica.— This word, like every other of a similar 
termination, is sure to be pronounced by a mere English 
scholar with the accent on the third syllable ; but this must 
be avoided on pain of literary excommunication. 

2 Thon. — Milton spells this word with the fin% *, making 
it one syllable only, and, consequently, pronouncing it bo as 
to rhyme with tone 



" Not that Nepenthe, which the wife of Thone, 
Tn TCgypt, gave to Jove-born Helena, 

such pow'r to stir up joy as this." — Comas. 



Troilus.— This word is almost always heard as if it were 
two syllables only, and as if written Troy'lus. This is a cor- 
ruption of the first magnitude : the vowels should be keot 
separate, as if written Tr&e-lus.— See Zoilus. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



47 



TY 


UR 


VE 


Tro-pho'ni-us 


Tym-pa'ni-a 


U'ri-a 


Tros 


Tym-phae'i 3 


* U-ri'on 


* Tros'su-li 


Tyn-dar'i-des 


U'ri-tes 


Tros'su-lum 


Tyn'da-ris 


Ur-sid'i-us 


Trotfi-lum 


Tyn'da-rus 


* Ur-si'nus 


rru-en'tum or 


Tyn'ni-chus 


Us-ca'na 


Tru-en-ti'num 


Ty-phoe'us or Ty'phon 


* Us'ce-num 


* Tryg-o-dsem'o-nes 


* Ty.pho'e-us 


U-sip'e-tes or 


Tryph'e-rus 


* Typh-o-e'us 


U-sip'i-ci 3 


Tryph-i-o-do'rus 


* Ty-pho'nis 


Us'pi-i 


Try'phon 


* Tyr-an-gi'tas 


Us-ti'ca 


Try-pho'sa 


t Ty-ran'ni-on 


t Us'ti-cas 


TVbe-ro 19 


Ty-ran'nus 


U'ti-ca 


Tuc'ci-a 10 


Ty'ras or Ty'ra 


* Ux'a-ma 


* Tuc-cifo-ra 


Ty'res 


t Ux-an'tis 


Tu'ci-a 10 


Tyr-i-da'tes 


Ux-el-lo-du'num 


Tu'der or Tu-derti-a 10 


Tyr'i-i 4 


Ux'i-i 3 


Tu'dri 3 


Ty-ri'o-tes 


Ux-is'a-ma 


Tu-gi'ni or Tu-ge'ni 


* Tyrl-us 


U'zi-ta or t U-zi'ta 


Tu-gu-ri'nus 22 
Tu-is'to 


Ty'ro 
Ty-rogly-phus 






Tu-lin'gi 3 


Ty'ros 


V. 


Tulla 


Tyr-rhe'i-dae, 


Tulli-a 


Tyr-rhe'i-des 




* Tul-li-a'num 


Tyr-rhe'ni 


t Vac'ca 


Tul-li'o-la 


Tyr-rhe'num 


Vac-cae'i 3 


TulOi-us 


Tyr-rhe'nus 


Va-cu'na 


Tullus Hos-til'i-us 


Tyr'rhe-us 


* Va-dav'e-ro 


Tu-ne'ta or Tu'nis 


Tyr-rhi'dae 


* Vad-i-mo'nis 


Tun'gri 


* Tyr-se'ta 


Va'ga 


Tu-ra'ni-us 


Tyr'sis 


Vag-e-dru'sa 


TurTjo 


Tyr-tee'us 


Va-gelli-us 


Tur-de-ta'ni 


Ty'ras or Ty'ro3 
Tyre (Eng.) 


Va-ge'ni 3 


♦Tur'du-li 


* Va-ge'sus 


Tu-re'sis 


Tys'i-as 


* Va'ha-lis 


* Tu-ri-a'80 


* Tzac'o-nes 


* Va-i'cus 


Tu'ri-us 




Va'la 


Tur'nus 




* Val-a-mi'rus 


Tu'ro-nes 


U. 


Valens 


Tu'ro-ni (Gauls) 


Va-len'ti-a 10 


* Tu-ro'ni (Germans) 




Va-len-tin-i-a'nus 


rur'pi-o 


U-BI-I 4 


Va-len-tin'i-an (Eng.) 


Tu-rulli-us 


U-cal'e-gon 


* Val-en-ti'nus 


Tus-ca'ni-a and 


U'cu-bis 


Va-le'ri-a 


Tus'ci-a 10 


U'fens 


Va-le-ri-a'nus 


Tus'ci 3 


U-fen-ti'na 


Va-ldri-an (Eng.) 


Tus-cu-la'num 


Ul-pi-a'nus 


Va-le'ri-us 


Tus'cu-lum 


Ul'pi-an (Eng ) 


Val'e-rus 


Tus'cus 


Ulu-brae 


Val'gi-us 

* Val-leb'a-na 


Tu'ta 


U-lys'ses 


* Tu-ta'nus 


Um'ber 


* Van'da-li 


* Tu'tho-a 


Um'bra 


Van-dali-i 3 4 


Tu'ti-a 10 


* Um-bre'nus 


Van-gi'o-nes 


* Tu-ti-ca'nus 


Um'bri-a 


Van'ni-us 


Tu'ti-cum 


Um-brig'i-us 24 


Va-ra'nes 


* Tu-tu-h'na 


Um'bro 


Var-dse'i 


Ty'a-na 


Un'ca 


Va'ri-a 


Ty-a'ne-us 1 or 


Un'chae 


* Varl-cus 


Ty-a-nae'us 


Un-de-cem'vi-ri 3 


Va-ri'ni 3 or Va-ris'tl 


Ty-a-ni'tis 


U-nelli 3 


Va'ri-us 


TyTms 


Unx'i-a 


VarYo 


lybur 


t U'pis 


Va'rus 


Ty'che 12 


* Up-salum 


* Va-sa'tse 


Tych'i-cus 12 


* U-ra'ca 


*t Vas'co-nes 


Tych'i-us 12 


* U-ra'gus 


Vat-i-ca'nus 


Tytte 


U-ra'ni-a 


Va-ti-e'nus 


Tyd'e-us2 


U-ra'ni-i or U'ri-i 


Va-tin'i-us 


Ty-di'des 


U'ra-nus 


* Va-tre'nus 


Ty-e'nis 


Ur-bic'u-a 


* Ve-chi'res 


tTylos 


Ur'bi-cus 


Vec'ti-us 10 


TymTjer 


* U-re'um 


* Vec-to'nes 


Ty-molus 


* LVge-num 


Ve'di-us Polli-o 



VE 
Ve-ge'ti-us 10 
Vel-a 
Ve-i-a'nus 
Ve-i-en'tes 
Ve-i-en'to 
Ve'i-i 3 
Vej'o-vis 
Ve-laTjrum 
Ve-la'crum 
Ve-la'ni-us 

* Vel'e-da 
Veli-a 

* Ve-lib'o-ri 
Vel'i-ca 
Ve-li'na 
Ve-li'num 
Ve-li-o-cas'ai 3 
Vel-i-ter'na, Ve-li'trse, or 

* Vel'i-tra3 

* Vel'i-tes 
VeMa-ri 3 
Velle-da 

Vel-lel-us Pa-ter'cu-lus 
Ve-na'fram 3 

* Ven'e-daB 
Ven'e-di 
Ven'e-li 
Ven'e-ti 3 
Ve-ne'ti-a 10 
Ven'ice (Eng.) 
Ven'e-tus 
Ve-nil'i-a 

t Ve-no'nea 
Ve-no'ni-ua 
Ven-tid'i-us 
Ven'ti 3 
Ven-u-le'i-us 
\ Ve-nulus or * Ven'u-lus 
Ve'nus 
Ve-nu'si-a or 
Ve-nu'si-uin 10 

* Ve-pi'cus 
Ve-ra'gri 
Ve-ra'ni-a 
Ve-ra'ni-us 
Ver-big'e-nus 
Ver-cellae 
Ver-cin-gefo-rix 
Ve-re'na 

* Ve-re'tum 
Ver-gas-i-lau'nus 
Ver-gellus 
Ver-gil'i-a 
Ver-gil'i-a? 
Ver-gin'i-us 
Ver'gi-um 

* Ver-gob're-tus 
Vert-tas 

Ver-o-doc'ti-us 10 
Ver-o-man'du-i 
Ve-ro'na 
Ve-ro'nes 
Ver-o-ni'ca 
Ver-re-gi'num 
Vei-'res 
Ver'ri-tus 
Ver'ri-us 
Ver-ra'go* 

* Verta-gus 
Ver'ti-co 
Ver-ri-cor'di-a 
Ver-tis'cus 



VI 
Ver-tum'nus 
Ver-u-la'nus 
Ve'rus 

* Ves'a-gus 

Veslji-us or Ve-su'Di-ue 
Ves-ci-a'num 
Ves-cu-la'ri-us 

* Ve-se'vus 
Ves-pa-si-a'nus 
Vespa'sian (Eag.) 
Ves'e-ris 
Ve-se'vi-us and 

Ve-se'vus 
Ves'ta 
Ve8-ta1e3 
Ves-taai-a 

* Ves-talis 
Ves-tic'i-us 24 
Ves-til'i-us 
Vea-tilla 
Ves-ti'ni 3 
Ves-ti'nus 
Ves'u-lus 
Ve-su'vi-ua 

* Ves'vi-us 
Vefti-us 

Vet-to'nes or * Ve-to'u** 

Vet-u-lo'ni-a 

Ve-tu'ri-a 

Ve-tu'ri-us 

Ve'tus 

Vi-a'drus 

* Vi-alis 
Vi-bid'i-a 
Vi-bid'i-us 
Vib'i-us 

* Vib-i-o'nes 
Vrao 

Vib-u-le'nus 
Vi-bulli-us 
Vi'ca Po'ta 
Vi-celli-us 

Vi-cen'ta or Vi-ce'ti-a 
Vic'tor 

Vic-to'ri-a 

Vic-to-ri'na 

Vic-to-ri'nus 

Vic-to'ri-us 

Vic-tum'vi-ae 

Vi-en'na 

VUli-a (Lex) 

Villi-us 

Vim-i-nalis 

Vin-cen'ti-us Id 

Vin'ci-us 

Vin-dali-us 

Vin-del'i-ci 

Vin-de-mi-a'tor 

* Vin-dem'i-tor 
Vin'dex Juli-us 
Vin-dic'i-us 10 
Vin-do-nis'sa 
Vi-nic'i-us 10 
Vi-nid'i-us 
Vin'i-us 
Vin'ni-us 
Vip-sa'ni-a 

* Vi-ra'go 
Vir-bi-us 

* Vir-du'ma-rus 
Vir-gil'i-us 
Vir'gil (Eng.) 



1 Tyaneus. — This word is only used as an adjective to 
Apollonius. the celebrated Pythagorean philosopher, and is 
formed from the town of Tyana, where he was born. The 
natural formation of this adjective would undoubtedly be 
Tyaneus, with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. 
Labbe, at the word Tyana, says, " et inde deductum Tyane- 
us ; quidquid sciam reclamare nonnullos, sed immerito, ut 
satis norunt eruditi." The numberless authorities which 
might be brought for pronouncing this word either way, 
sufficiently show how equivocal is its accent, and of how 
little importance it is to which we give the preference. My 
private opinion coincides with Labbe ; but, as we generally 
find it written with the diphthong, we may presume the 
penultimate accent has prevailed, and that it is the safest to 
follow. [Unquestionably. — Trollope.] 

2 Tydeus. — This word, like several others of the same 
termination, was pronounced by the Greeks sometimes in 
three and sometimes in two syllables, the eu considered as 
a diphthong. When it was pronounced in thn-e syllables, 



the penultimate syllable was long, and the accent was on it 
as we find it in a verse of Wilkie's Epigoniad : 

Venus, still partial to the Theban arms, 
Tydeus' son seduced by female charms. 
But the most prevailing pronunciation was that with the ante- 
penultimate accent, as we generally find it in Pope's Homer • 
Next came Idomeneus and Tydeus' son, 
Ajax the less, and Ajax Telamon. — Horn., ii., 50. 
— See Idomeneus. 

3 Venafrum. — Though the accent may be placed either on 
the antepenultimate or the penultimate syllable of this word, 
the latter is by far the preferable, as it is adopted by Lem- 
priere, Labbe, Gouldman, and other good authorities 
[Mart., Epig., xiii., 101, 1 : Bacca Venufri. So Hos., Od., ii., 
6, 16.— TroUope.] 

4 Verrugo. — I have given this word the penultimate accent 
with Lempriere, in opposition to Ainsworth, who adopts the 
antepenultimate. 



48 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



vo 


XE 


ZA 


ZE 


ZY 


Vir-ginl-a 


Vol-u-se'nus 


Xe-nag'o-ras 


Zab'u-lus 


Ze'thes or Ze'tua 


Vir-gin'i-us 


Vo-lu-si-a'mis 


Xe-nar'chus 


* Zac'o-rus 


Zeu-gi-ta'na 


Vir-i-a'thus 


Vo-lu'si-us 


t Xen'a-les 


Za-cyn'thus 


Zeug*ma 


Vir-i-dom'a-rus 


Vol'u-sus 


Xen'e-tus 


Za-grae'us 


Ze'us 


Vi-ripla-ca 


Volux 


Xe'ne-us 


Za'grus 


Zeux-id'a-mus 


* Vir-i-pla'ca 


Vo-ma'nus 


Xe-ni'a-des 


Zal'a-tes 19 


* Zeux-i-da'mua 


Virto 


Vo-no'nes 


Xe'ni-us 


Za-leu'cus 


Zeux'i-das 


Virtus 


Vo-pis'cus 


Xen-o-cle'a 


Za'ma or Zagma 


Zeux-ip'pe 
Zeux'is 


Vi-selli-us 


Vo-ra'nus 


Xen'o-cles 


Za'me-is 


Vi-sellus 


* Vos'e-gus or Vo-se'gus 


Xen-o-cli'des 


Za-molx'is 


Zeux'o 


1 Vis'tu-la 


Vo-ti-e'nus 22 


Xe-noc'ra-tes 


Zan'cle 


Zi-gi'ra 
* Zi-ela 


Vi-sur'gis (the Weser) 


Vul-ca-nali-a 


Xe-nod'a-mus or -a'mus 


Zan'the-nes 


Vi-telli-a 


Vul-ca'ni 


Xe-nod'i-ce 


Zan'thi-cles 


Zil'ia or Ze'Iis 


Vi-telli-us 


Vul-ca'ni-us 


Xe-nod'o-chus 


Za'rax 


Zi-ma'ra 


Vifi-a 10 


Vul-ca'nus 


Xen-o-do'rus 


Zar-bi-e'nus 


Zi-my'ri 
Zi-ob'e-ris 


* Vi-tis'a-tor 


Vul'can (Eng.) 


t Xe-nod'o-tes 


* Zar-do'ces 


Vifri-cus 


Vul-ca'ti-us 


Xe-nod'o-tus 


* Zar'e-taB 


Zi-pse'tes 


Vi-tru'vi-us 


Vul-si'num 


Xe-noph'a-nes 


Za-ri-as'pes 


Zi'tba 


Vitu-la 


Vul'so 


Xe-noph'i-lus 


* Zar-inan-o-che'gas 


Zmil'a-ces 


Vo-co'ni-a (Lex) 


Vul'tur 


Xen'o-phon 


Za'thes 


* Zo-di'a-cus 


Vo-co'ni-us 


Vul-tu-re'i-us 


Xen-o-phon-ti'us 


* Za-ve'ces 


Zo'i-lus2 29 


Vo-con'ti-a 


Vul-turtmm 


Xen-o-pi-thi'a 


Ze-bi'na 


Zo-ip'pus 


Vog'e-sus 


Vul-tur'nus 


* Xer-o-lib'y-a 


Zela or Zeli-a 


* Zo-i-te'um 


Vol-a-gin'i-us 


t Vul-tur'ti-us 


* Xerx-e'ne 


* Ze-le'a 


Zo'na 


Vo-la'na 
Vo-lan'dum 




Xerx'es 17 


Zeles 


Zon'a-ras 




Xeux'es 


Ze-lofy-pe 


Zoph'o-rus 


Vol-a-terta 


X. 


* Xi-me'ne 


Zelus 


Zo-pyr'i-o 
Zo-pyrt-on 


Vol'cae or Vol'gaB 


* Xi-phe'ne 


Ze'no 


* Vol'e-sus 




Xu'thus 


Ze-no'bi-a 


Zop'y-rus 


Vo-log'e-ses 


XANTHE 17 


Xy'chus 


t Ze-noTji-i 


Zor-o-as'ter 


Vo-log'e-sus 


Xan'thi 


Xynl-as 


Zen'o-cles 


* Zor-o-as-tre'us 


Vol'scens 


Xan'thi-a 


Xyn-o-ich'i-a 


Zen-o-cli'des 


Zos'i-mus 


Vol'sci or Vol'ci 


* Xan'thi-as 


* Xyp'e-te 


Zen-o-do'rus 


Zos'i-ne 


Vol-sin'i-um 


Xan'thi-ca 


* Xys'ti-ci 


Zen-o-do'ti-a 


Zos-te'ri-a 


Vol-tin'i-a 

f Vo-lum'na and 


Xan-thip'pe 




Ze-nod'o-tus 1 


Zo-thraus'tes 


Xan-thip'pus 




Ze-noph'a-nes 


Zy-gan'tes 


Vo-lum'nus 


Xan'tho 


z. 


* Zen-o-po-si'don 


Zyg'e-na 


Vo-lum'nae Fa'num 


* Xan-tho-pulus 


Ze-noth'e-mis 


Zyg'i-a 


Vo-lum'ni-a 


Xan'thus 




Ze-phyrt-um 


* Zygi-i 


Vo-lum'ni-us 


Xan'ti-cles 


ZA-BATUS 19 27 


Zeph'y-rum 


Zy-gom'e-la 


Vo-lum'nus 


Xan-tip'pe 


Zab-di-ce'ne 


Zeph'y-rus 


Zy-gop'o-lis 


Vo-lup'tas and Vo-lu'pi-a 


Xan-tip'pus 


Za-bir'na 


Ze-ryn'thus 


Zy-gri'teb 



1 Zenodotus. — All our prosodists but Lempriere give this 
word the antepenultimate accent, and, till a good reason is 
given why it should differ from Herodotus, I must beg leave 
to follow the majority. 

2 Zoilus. — The two vowels in this word are always sep- 



arated in the Greek and Latin, but in the English pronuncU 
tion of it they are frequently blended into a diphthong, as is 
the words oil, boil, &c. This, however, is an illiterate pro 
nunciation, and should be avoided. The word should have 
three syllables, and be pronounced as if written Zo'e-luf 



%* By inspecting the foregoing Vocabulary, we see that, notwithstanding all the barriers with which 
the learned have guarded the accentuation of the dead languages, still some words there are which 
despise their laws, and boldly adopt the analogy of English pronunciation. It is true the catalogue 
of these is not very numerous ; for, as an error of this kind incurs the penalty of being thought illiterate 
and vulgar, it is no wonder that a pedantic adherence to Greek and Latin should, in doubtful cases, be 
generally preferred. 

But as the letters of the dead languages have insensibly changed their sound by passing into the liv- 
ing ones, so it is impossible to preserve the accent from sliding sometimes into the analogies of our own 
tongue ; and when once words of this kind are fixed in the public ear, it is not only a useless, but a 
pernicious pedantry to disturb them. Who could hear, without pity, of Alexander's passing the River 
Grani'cus* or of his marrying the sister of Parys'atis ? These words, and several others, must be looked 
upon as planets shot from their original spheres, and moving round another center. 

After all the care, therefore, that has been taken to accent words according to the best authorities, 
some have been found so differently marked by different prosodists, as to make it no easy matter to 
know to which we shall give the preference. In this case I have ventured to give my opinion without 
presuming to decide, and merely as an 'Uvutlkov, or Interim, till the learned have pronounced the final 
sentence, t 



* This is the common pronunciation, and is so marked by Walker himself in the Vocabulary — Ed. 

t It will have appeared that the editor has not deemed it necessary to follow, in all cases, the opinion of the author. 



PREFACE TO THE TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY. 



Taking a retrospective view of language, or surveying it in its terminations, affords not only 
a new, but an advantageous view of all languages. The necessity of this view induced me, 
several years ago, to arrange the whole English language according to its terminations; and 
this arrangement I found of infinite use fb me in consulting the analogies of our tongue. A 
conviction of its utility made me desirous of arranging the Greek and Latin proper names in the 
same manner, and more particularly as the pronunciation of these languages depends more on 
the termination of words than any other we are acquainted with. Of such utility is this ar- 
rangement supposed to be in the Greek language, that the son of the famous Hoogeven, who 
wrote on the Greek particles, has actually printed such a dictionary, which only waits for a 
preface to be published. The labor of such a selection and arrangement must have been pro- 
digious; nor is the task I have undertaken in the present work a slight one; but the idea of 
rendering the classical pronunciation of proper names still more easy, encouraged me to per- 
severe in the labor, however* dry and fatiguing. 

I flattered myself I had already promoted this end by dividing the proper names into sylla- 
bles upon analogical principles ; but hoped I could still add to the facility of recollecting their 
pronunciation by the arrangement here adopted ; which, in the first place, exhibits the accent 
\nd quantity of every word by its termination. 

»In the next place, it shows the extent of this accentuation, by producing, at one view, all the 
words differently accented, by which means may be formed the rule and the exception. 

Thirdly, when the exceptions are but few, and less apt to be regarded, by seeing them con 
trasted with the rule, they are imprinted more strongly on the memory, and are the more 
easily recollected. Thus, by seeing that Sperchius, Xenophontius, and Darius are the only 
words of that very numerous termination which have the accent on the penultimate, we are at 
perfect ease about all the rest. 

Fourthly, by seeing that all words ending in enes have universally the antepenultimate accent, 
we easily recollect that the pronunciation of Eumenes with the accent on the penultimate is 
radically wrong, and is only tolerated because adopted by some respectable writers. Thus, 
too, the numerous termination in ades is seen to be perfectly antepenultimate ; and the am- 
biguous termination in ides is freed in some measure from its intricacy, by seeing the extent 
of both forms contrasted. This contrast, without being obliged to go to Greek etymologies, 
shows at one view when this termination has the accent on the penultimate i. as in Tydides, 
and when it transfers the accent to the antepenultimate, as in Thucydides ; which depends en- 
tirely on the quantity of the original word from which these patronymics are formed. 

And, lastly, when the number of words pronounced with a different accent are nearly equaL 
we can at least find some way of recollecting their several accentuations better than if they 
were promiscuously mingled with all the rest of the words in the language. By frequently re- 
peating them as they stand together, the ear will gain a habit of placing the accent properly, 
without knowing why it does so. In short, if L abbe's Catholici Indices, which is in the hands 
of all the learned, be useful for readily finding the accent and quantity of proper names, the 
present Index <?an not fail to be much more so, as it not only associates them by their accent 
and quantity, but according to their termination also ; and by this additional association it must 
necessarily render any diversity of accent more easily perceived and remembered. 

To all which advantages it may be added, that this arrangement has enabled me to point out 
the true sound of every termination ; by which means those who are totally unacquainted with 
the learned languages will find themselves instructed in the true pronunciation of the final let- 
ters of every word, as well as its accent and quantity. 

It need scarcely be observed, that, in the following Index, almost all words of two syllables 
are omitted; for, as dissyllables in the Greek and Latin languages are always pronounced with 
the accent on the first, it was needless to insert them. The same may be observed of such 
words as have the vowel in the penultimate syllable followed by two consonants; for, in this 
case, unless the former of these consonants was a mute, and the latter a liquid, the penultimate 
vowel was always long, and, consequently, always had the accent. This analogy takes place 
in our pronunciation of words from the Hebrew; which, with the exception of some few that 
have been Anglicized, such as Bethlehemite, Nazarene, &c, have the accent, like the Greek 
and Latin words, either on the penultimate or antepenultimate syllable. 

It might have been expected that I should have confined myself to the insertion of proper 
names alone, without bringing in the gentile adjectives, as they are called, which are derived 
from them. This omission would, undoubtedly, have saved me immense trouble ; but these 
adjectives, being sometimes used as substantives, made it difficult to draw the line ; and, as the 
analogy of accentuation was, in some measure, connected with these adjectives, I hoped the 
tronble of collecting and arranging them would not be entirely thrown away. 

4G 



TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY 

OF 

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



Af AA,* Nausicaa. 



AA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 



BA 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ababa. Desudaba, Alaba, Allaba. Aballaba, Cillaba, Adeba, 
Abnoba, Onoba, Arnoba, Ausoba, Hecuba, Gelduba, Corduba, 
Noluba, Rutuba. 

ACA ECA ICAt OCA UCA YCA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cleonica, Thessalonica, Veronica, Noctiluca, Donuca. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ithaca, Andriaca, Malaca, Tabraca, Mazaca, Seneca, Cyre 

naica, Belgica, Georgica, Cabalica, Italica, Maltilica, Bellica 

Laconica, Leonica, Mai-ica, Marmarica, Conimbrica, Merob 

rica, Mirobrica, Cetobriea, Anderica, America, Africa, Ar 

borica, Areraorica, Armorica, Norica, Tetrica, Asturica, II 

lyrica, Nasica,t Esica, Corsica, Athatica, Boetica, Ceretica 

Anaitica. Celtica, Salmantica, Cyrrhestica, Ustica, Utica, En- 

?ravica, Qboca, Amadoca, iEsyca, Mutyca. 

DA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Abdeda, Hecameda, Diomeda, Amida, Actrida. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aada, Adada, Symada, Bagrada, Suada, Idubeda, Androm- 
eda, Ceneda, Agneda, Voneda, Candida, Egida, Anderida, Flor- 
la,t Pisida. 

MA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Dicaea, Nicaea, and all words of this termination. 
EA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
L,aodicea, Stratonicea, Cymodocea, Medea, Ligea, Argea,, 
Amathea, Alphea, Erythea, Ethalea, Malea, Heractea, Am- 
phiclea, Theoclea, Agathoclea, Androclea, Euryclea, Penthe- 
ailea, Achillea, Asbamea, Alcidamea, Cadmea, Elimea, jEnea, 
Mantinea, Maronea, ChaBronea, ^Epea, Barea, Csesarea, Neo- 
caesarea, Cytherea, Ipsea, Hypsea, Galatea, Platea, Myrtea 
Ca city). 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pharnacea, Ardea, Tegea, .(Ethea, Dexithea, Leucotbea, 
Alea, Doclea, Dioclea, Elea, Marcellea, Demea, Castanea, 
Aminea, Ficulnea, Albuuea, Boea, Clapea or Clypea, Abar- 
barea, Ohaerea, Verrea, Laurea, Tbyrea, Rosea, Odyssea, 
Etea, Tritea, Myrtea (a name of Venus), Butea, Abazea. 
(EA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Meliboea, Eubcea, and all words of this termination. 
GA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abaga, Bibaga, Ampsaga, Aganzaga, Noega, Arabriga, Aob- 
riga, Segobriga, Cceliobriga, Flaviobriga. 
HA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Malacha, Pyrrhica, Adatha, Agatha, Badenatha, Abaratha, 
Monumetha. 

* As the accent is never on the last syllable of Greek or 
Latin proper names, the final a must be pronounced as in 
English words of this termination ; that is, nearly as the in- 
terjection ah ! — See Rule 7, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

t Of all the words ending in ica, Cleonica, Veronica, and 
Thessalonica are the only three which have the penultimate 
accent. [To these Nas-i'ca should be added. — See Initial 
Vocabulary. — Ed.) See Rule the 29th, prefixed to the Initial 
Vocabulary, and the words Andronicus and Sophronicus. 

t Labbe tells us that some of the most learned men pro- 
nounce this part of America with the accent on the penulti- 
mate syllable. 



AIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Achaia,* Panchaia, Aglaia, Maia. 

BIA 

Accent tlie Antepenultimate. 

Arabia, Trebia, Contrebia, Albia, Balbia, Olbia, Corymola, 

Zenobia, Cornubia. 

CIAt 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Nicacia, Dacia, Salacia, Wormacia, Thaumacia, Connacia, 
Ambracia, Thracia, Samothracia, Artacia, Accia, Gallacia, 
Graecia, Voadicia, Vindelicia, Cilicia, Libyphcenicia, Aricia, 
Chalcia, Francia, Provincia, Cappadocia, Porcia, Muscia, As- 
cia, Iscia, Thuscia, Boruscia, Seleucia,j Tucia, Lycia. 

DIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Iphimedia,§ Laomedia, Protomedia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Badia, Arcadia, Leucadia, Media, Iphimedia, Nicomedia, 
Polymedia, Eporedia, Corsedia, Suedia, Fordicidia, Numidia, 
Canidia, Japidia, Pisidia, Gallovidia, Scandia, India, Burgun 
dia, Ebodia, Clodia, ^Erodia, Longobardia, Cardia, Verticor- 
dia, Concordia, Discordia, Herephordia, Claudia, Lydia. 

El A 
Accznt tSe Penultimate. 
Elegeia,[| Hygei% Antheia, Cartheia, Aquileia, Pompela 
Deiopela, Tarpeia, Carteia. 

GIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sphagiaj Lagia. Athanagia, Norvigia, Cantabrigia, Ortlgla, 



* The vowels in this termination do not form a diphthong. 
The accent is upon the first a, the i is pronounced like y con- 
sonant in year, and the final a nearly like the a in father, or 
the interjection ah ! — See Rule 7. 

t Words of this tern^nation have the cia pronounced as 
if written she-a. — See Riile 10, prefixed to the Initial Vocab- 
ulary. 

X See Rule 30, and the word in the Initial Vocabulary , 
[but see the subsequent note. — Ed.] 

§ See Iphigenia, in the Initial Vocabulary. [On this 
subject Carr has the following observation : " Proper names 
or epithets ending in damia, genia, as Iphigenia, Protogenia, 
IphicUmla, Laodamia, &c, have the penultimate long. The 
same remark applies to names of towns formed from the 
names of individuals, as Antiochia from Antiochus, Alexan- 
dria from Alexander, Cassandria from Cassander, Philadel- 
phia from Philadelphus, Seleucia from Seleucus, &c." 
Editor.] 

|| The ancients sometimes separated the vowels ei in this 
termination, and sometimes pronounced them as a diph- 
thong. The general mode of pronouncing them, with us, is 
to consider them as a diphthong, and to pronounce it a9 
long or double e; which, from its squeezed sound, approach- 
es to the initial y, and makes these words pronounced as if 
written El-e-je'yah, Hy-je'yah, &c. This is the pronunciation 
which ought to be adopted ; but scholars, who are fond of 
displaying their knowledge of Greek, will be sure to' pro- 
nounce Elegeia, Hygeia, or, rather, HygUia, Antheia, and Deic- 
peia, with the diphthong like the noun eye ; while Cartheia, 
or Carteia, Aquileia, Pompeia, and Tarpeia, of Latin original, 
are permitted to have their diphthongs sounded like double 
e, or, which is nearly the same thing, if the vowels are sep- 
arated, to sound the e long as in equal, and the i as y conso- 
nant, articulating the final a. — See note on Achaia. 

For a more complete idea of the sound of this diphthong, 
see the word Pleiades, in the Initial Vocabulary. To 
which observations we may add, that, when this diphthong 
in Greek is reduced to the single long i in Latin, as in Iphi- 
genia, Elegia, &c, it is pronounced like single i, that is, like 
the noun eye. 



52 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



Langia, Eningia, Finnhigia, Lotharingia, Turingia, Sergia, 
Orgia, Pelasgia, Fugia, Rugia, Ogygia, Jopygia, Phrygia, 
Zygia. 

HIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

bophia, Anthia, Erythia, Xenopithia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Valachia, Lysimachia, Centauromachia, Inachia, Xynsi- 
chia, Antiochia, Amphilochia, Munychia, Philadelphia, Apos- 
trophia, Scarphia, Acryphia, Emathia, JEmathia, Alethia, Hy- 
acynthia, Carinthia, Tyrinthia, Cynthia, Tyrynthia, Parthia, 
Scythia, Pythia. 

LIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Thalia, Aristoclia, Basilia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

(Ebalia, Fornicalia, Lupercalia, Acidalia, Vandalia, Poda- 
lia, Megalia, Robigalia, Fugalia, CEchalia, Westphalia, iEtha- 
lia, Alalia, Vulcanalia, Paganalia, Bacchanalia, Terminalia, 
Fontinaha, Vertumnaha, Portumnalia, Agonalia, Anger onalia, 
Saturnalia, Faunalia, Portunaha, Opalia, Liberalia, Feralia, 
Floralia, Lemuralia, Salia, Pharsalia, Thessaha. iEtalia, Itaha, 
Compitalia, Carmontaha, Laurentalia, Castaha, Attalia, Psy- 
taha, Mambha, JEilia, Ccelia, Belia, Celia, Decelia, Agelia, He- 
lia, Cornelia, Clcelia, Aspelia, Cereha, Aurelia, Velia, Anglia, 
Cascilia, Siciha, JEgilia, Cingilia, Pahlia, ZEmilia, iEnilia, Ve- 
nilia, Parilia, Basilia, Absilia, Hersilia, Massiha, Atiha, Anatilia, 
Petilia, Antilia, Quintilia, HostiUa, CutiUa, Aquiha, Servilia, 
Elaphobolia, Ascolia, PadoUa, iEolia, Folia, Natolia, Anatolia, 
iEtolia, Naupha, Daulia, Figuha, Juha, Apuha, Gaetulia, Getu- 
lia, Triphylia, Pamphyha. 

MIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Deidamia,* Laodamia, Hippodamia, Astydamia, Apamia, 
Hydramia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lamia, Mesopotamia, Cadmia, Academia, Archidemia. Eu- 
demia, Isthmia, Holmia, Posthumia. 

NIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Amphigenia, Iphigenia,t Tritogenia, Lasthenia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Albania, Sicania, Hyrcania, Arcania, Lucania, Dania, Co- 
dania, Dardania, Epiphania, Alania, Mania, Carmania, Ger- 
mania, Normania, Cinnania, Acarnania, Campania, Hispania, 
Pomerania, Afrania, Urania, Bassania, Actania, Edetania, Lal- 
etania, Occitania, Ossigitania, Mauritania, Lusitania. Titania, 
Sexitania, Aleutania, Contestania, Mevania, Lithuania, Trans- 
ylvania, Azania, iEnia, Actamia, Aberdenia, Ischenia, Tyr- 
rhenia, Parthenia, Diogenia, Menia, Achaemenia, Armenia, 
Nenia, Noenia. Poenia, Cebrenia, Senia, Arnagnia, Signia, Al- 
binia, Lacinia, Dinia, Sardinia, Fulginia, Virginia, Bechinia, 
Machlinia, Ciminia, Eleusinia, Tinia, Lavinia, Mervinia, Lam- 
nia, Lycemnia, Polyhymnia, Alemannia, Britannia, Fesccn- 
nia, Aonia, Lycaonia, Chaonia, Catalonia, Laconia, Glasco- 
nia, Adonia, Macedonia, Marcedonia, Caledonia, Mygdonia, 
Aidonia, Asidonia, Posidonia, Abbendonia, Herdonia, Laudo- 
nia, Cydonia, Ma3onia, Pgeonia, Pelagonia, Paphlagonia, Ara- 
gonia, Antigonia, Sithonia, Ionia, Agrionia, Avalonia, Aquilo- 
nia, Apollonia, Colonia, Polonia, Populonia, Vetulonia, Baby- 
lonia, Acmonia, iEmonia, Hsemonia, Tremonia, Ammonia, 
Hai-monia, Codanonia, Sinonia, Pannonia, Bononia, Lampo- 
nia, Pomponia, Cronia, Feronia, Sophronia, Petronia, Antro- 
nia, Duronia, Turonia, Csesonia, Ausonia, Latonia, Tritonia, 
Boltonia, Ultonia, Hantonia, Vintonia, Wintonia, Bistonia, Plu- 
tonia, Favonia, Sclavonia, Livonia, Arvonia, Saxonia, Exonia, 
Sicyonia, Narnia, Sarnia, Dorebernia, Hibernia, Cliternia, Lin- 
disfornia, Vigornia, Wigomia, Liburnia, Calphurnia, Saturnia, 
Pornia, Daunia, Ceraunia, Acroceraunia, Junia, Clunia, Nep- 
tunia, Ercynia, Bithynia, Macrynia. 
OIA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Latoia. 

PIA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Apia, Salapia, Manapia, Messapia, Asclipia, Lampia, Olym- 
pia, Ellopia, Dolopia, CEnopia, Cecropia, Mopsopia, Appia, 
Lappia, Oppia, Luppia, Antuerpia. 
RIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Daria. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aria, Baria, Fabaria, Columbaria, Barbaria, Caria, Ficaria, 



Calcaria, Sagaria, Megaria, Hungaria, Pharia, Salaria Hi: aria 
Allaria, Mallaria, Sigillaria, Anguillaria, Samaria* Palmaria. 
Planaria, Enaria, Msenaria, Gallinaria, Asinaria, Carbonaria, 
Chaunaria, Colubraria, Agraria, Dioca3saria, Pandataria, Co- 
taria, Nivaria, Antiquaria, Cervaria, Petuaria, Argentuaria, ' 
Calabria, Cantabria, Cambria, Sicambria, Fimbria, Mesem 
bria, Umbria, Cumbria. Selymbria, Abobria, Amagctobria 
Trinacria, Teucria, Molycria, Adi%, Hadria, Geldria, Aiidrit. 
Scamandria. Anandria. Cassandria, Alexandria, iEria, Ege 
ria, Aeria, Faberia. Iberia, Celtib^ria, Luceria. Nuceria, ^Ege 
ria, iEtheria, Elutheria, Pieria, Aleria, Valeria, Ameria, Nu 
meria, Neria, Casperia, Cesperia, Hesperia, Hyperia, Serie 
Fabrateria, Compulteria, Asteria, Anthesteria, Faberia, Lhoe 
gria, Iria, Liria, Equiria, Oschoforia, Daphnephoria, Themo 
phoria, Anthesphoria, Chilmoria, Westmoria, Eupatoria, An 
actoria, Victoria, Prsetoria, Arria, Atria, Eretria, Feltria, Con 
ventria, Bodotria, CEnotria, Cestria, Cicestria, Circestria, Tha 
lestria, Istria, Austria, Industria, Tublustria, Uria, Calauria 
Isauria, Curia, Duria, Manduria, Furia, Liguria, Remuria, 
Etruria, Hetruria, Turia, Apaturia, Bceturia, Beturia, AstH 
ria, Syria, Ccelesyria, Ccalosyria, Leucosyria, Assyria. 

SIAf 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Asia, Chadasia, Lasia. Seplasia, Amasia. Aspasia, Therasia, 
Agirasia, Austrasia, Anastasia, Arbsia, iEsia, Ca3sia, Massia, 
^Edesia, Artemesia, Magnesia, Mcesia, Merpesia, Ocresia, Eu 
phratesia, Artesia, Suesia, Bisia, Calisia, Provisia, Hortensia, 
Chenobosia, Leucosia, Pandosia, Theodosia, Arachosia, Or- 
thosia, Rosia, Thesprosia, Sosia, Lipsia, Nupsia, Persia, Nur- 
sia, Tolassia, Cephissia, Russia, Blandusia, Clusia, Ampelusia, 
Anthemusia, Acherusia, Perusia, Bysia, Sicysia, Mysia, T)io 
nysia. 

TIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sabatia, Ambatia, Latia, Calatia, Galatia, Collatia, Dalma- 
tia, Sarmatia, Egnatia, Aratia, Alsatia, Actia, Csetia, Rheetia, 
Anastia, Vicetia, Peucetia, Pometia, Anetia, Clampetia, Lu- 
cretia, Cyretia, Setia, Lutetia, Helvetia, Uzetia, Phiditia, An- 
gitia, Androlitia, Sulpitia, Naritia, Delgovitia, Baltia, Bantia, 
Brigantia, Murgantia, Almantia, Numantia, Aperantia, Con- 
stantia, Placentia, Picentia, Lucentia, Fidentia, Digentia, Mor- 
gentia, Valentia, Pollentia, Poientia, Terentia, Florentia, Lau- 
rentia, Consentia, Potentia, Faventia, Confluentia, Liquentia, 
Druentia, Quintia, Pontia, Acherontia, Alisontia, Moguntia, 
Scotia, Bceotia, Scaptia, Martia, Tertia, Sebastia, Bubastia, 
Adrastia, Bestia, Modestia, Segestia, Orestia, Charistia, Ostia, 
Brattia, Acutia. Minutia, Cossutia, Tutia, Clytia, Narytia. 

VIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Candavia, Blavia, Flavia, Menavia, Scandinavia, Aspavia 

Moravia, Warsavia, Octavia, Juvavia, ^via, Cendevia, Me- 

nevia, Suevia, Livia, Trivia, Urbesalvia, Sylvia, Moscovia, 

Segovia, Gergovia, Nassovia, Cluvia. 

XIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Brixia, Cmxia; 

YIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ilithyia,t Orithyia. 

ZIA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sabazia, Alyzia. 

ALA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ahala, Messala. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abala, Gabala, Castabala, Onobala, Triocala, Crocala, Ab« 
dala, Dasdala, Bucephala, Abliala, Msenala, Astyphala, Avala 

CLA 

Accent either the Penultimate or Antepenultimate Syllable. 
Amicla. 

ELA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Arbela (in Persia), Acela, Adela, Suadela, Mundela, Philt 
mela, Amstela. 



* See Rule 30. 

t See this word in the Initial Vocabulary. 



* For the accent of this word and Alexandria, see Rule 3C 
prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

t The s, in this termination, when preceded by a vowel 
ought always to be sounded like zh. as if written Amazhk 
Aspazhia, &c. Asia, Theodosia, and Sosia, seem to be th 
only exceptions. 

X The vowels ia, in these words, must be pronounced di. 
tinctly in two syllables, as if written 7l-ith-e-i'a>\. O-rith-e-i'ah 
the penultimate syllable pronounced ss the noun eye. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



53 



Accent the Antepenultimate 
Arbela (in Sicily). 

OLA 
Acarnt the Antepenultimate. 
Publicola, Anionicola, Junonicola, Neptunicola, Agricola, 
Baticola, Leucola, jEo»a, Abrostola, Scsevola. 
ULA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abula, Trebula, Albula, Carbula, Callicula, Saticula, Adu- 
la, Acidula, iEgula, Caligula, Arrigula, Longula, Ortopula, 
Merula, Casperula, Asula, .^Esula, Fcesula, Sceptesula, Scep- 
tensula, Insula, Vitula, Vistula. 

YLA 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Idyla, Massyla. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abyla. 

AMA EMA IMA OMA UMA YMA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cynossema, Aroma, Narracustoma. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pandama, Abderama, Asama, Uxama, Acema, Obrima, 
Perrima, Certima, Boreostoma, Decuma, Didyma, Hierosol- 
yma, ilsyma. 

ANA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Albana, Pandana, Trajana, Marciana, Diana, Sogcuana, 
Drangiana, Margiana, Aponiana, Pomponiana, Trojana, Co 
piana, Mariana, "Drusiana, Susiana, Statiana, Glottiana, Via 
na, Alana, Crococatana, Eblana, iElana, Amboglana, Vindo 
lana, Querculana, Querquetulana, Amana, Almana, Comana 
Mumana, Barpana, Clarana, Adrana, Messana, Catana, Acci 
tana, Astigitana, Zeugitana, Meduana, Malvana, Cluana, No 
vana, Equana. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abana, Fricana, Concana, Adana, Cispadana, Sagana, Acha- 
na, Leuphana, Hygiana, Drepana, Barpana, Ecbatana, Cata- 
na. Sequana, Cyane, Tyana. 

ENA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Labena, Characena, Medena, Fidena, Aufidena, Ageena, 
Comagena, Dolomena, Capena, Cessena, Messena, Artena. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Phoebigena, Graphigena, Aciligena, Ignigena, Junonigena, 
Opigena, Nysigena, Bcetigena, Trojugena, iEgosthena, Ale- 
na, Helena Pellena, Porsena, Atena, Pblyxena, Theoxena. 

DIA* 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Arabina, Acina, Cloacina, Tarracina, Cluacina, Ccecina, Pd- 
cina, Runcina, Cercina, Lucina, Erycina, Acradina, Achradi- 
na, JEgina, Bacbina, Acantbina, Messalina, Catalina, Fasceli- 
na, Mechlina, Tellina, Callina, Medullina, Cleobubna, Tutu- 
Una, Csenina, Cenina, Antonina, Heroina, Apina, Cisalpina, 
Transalpina, Agrippina, Abarina, Carina, Larina, Camarina, 
Sabrina^ Phalacrina, Acerina, Lerina, Camerina, Terina, Jam- 
phorina, Caprina, Myrina, Casina, Felsina, Abusina, Elusina, 
Atina, Carina, Metina, Libitina, Maritina, Libentina, Adru- 
mentina, Ferentina, Aventina, Aruntina, Potina, Palgestina, 
Mutina, Flavina, Levina. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acina, Fascellina, Proserpina, Asina, Sarsina. 
ONA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Abona, Uxacona, Libisocona, Usocona, Saucona, Dodona, 
Scardona, Adeona, Aufona, Salona, Bellona, Duellona, ^Erao- 
na, Cremona, Artemona, Salmona, Homona, Pomona, Flano- 
na, iEnona, Hippona, Narona, Aserona, Angerona, Verona, 
Matrona, ^sona, Latona, Antona, Dertona, Ortona, Cortona, 
Alvona, Axona. 

UNA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ituna. 

OA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Aloa. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ancboa, 

IPA OPA UPA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Argyripa, Europa, Catadupa. 



* Every word of this termination with the accent on the 
penultimate syllable has the i pronounced as the noun eye. — 
fee lluJes 1, 3, and 4, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 



ARA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Abdara. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abara, Acara, Imacara, Accara, Cadara, Gadara, Abdara, 
Megara, Machara, Imachara, Phalara, Cinara, Cynara, Lip» 
ra, Lupara, Isara, Patara, Mazara. 

CRA DRA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lepteacra, Charadra, Clepsydra. 

ERA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abdera, Andera, Cythera (the island Cerigo, near Crete,i. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Libera, Glycera, Acadera, Jadera, Abdera, Andera, Ahpba 
ra, Cytherae (the city of Cyprus), fliera, Cremera, Cassera 

GRA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Tanagra, Beregra. 

HRA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Libethra. 

IRA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Daira, Thelaira, Stagira, ^gira, Deianira, Metanira, TTif 
atira. 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Cybira. 

ORA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Pandora, Aberdora, Aurora, Vendesora, IVJades ti 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Ebora. 

TRA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cleopatra. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Excetra, Leucopetra, Triquetra. 
URA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cabura, Ebura, JEbura, Balbura, Subura, Pandura, Baniu- 
ra, Asura, Lesura, Isura, Cynosura, Lactura, Astura. 

YRA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ancyra, Cercyra, Corcyra, Lagyra, Palmyi-a,* Cosyra 
Tentyra. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Laphyra, Glaphyra, Philyra, Cebyra, Anticyra 
ASA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abasa, Banasa, Dianasa, Harpasa. 
ESA ISA OSA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ortogesa, Alesa, Halesa, Namesa, Alpesa, Berresa, Mente« 
sa, Amphisa, Elisa, Tolosa, iErosa, Dertosa, Cortuosa 

USA YSA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Pharmacusa, Pithecusa, Nartecusa, Phoenicusa, Celadusa, 
Padusa, Lopadusa, Medusa, Eleusa, Creusa, Lagusa, Elaphu 
sa, Agathusa, Marathusa, ^Ethusa, Phoethusa, Arethusa, Ophi 
usa, Elusa, Cordilusa, Drymusa, Eranusa, Ichnusa, Colpusa 
Aprusa, Cissusa, Scotusa, Dryusa, Donysa. 

ATA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Braccata, Adadata, Rhadata, Tifata, Tiphata, Crotoniona 

ta, Alata, Amata, Acmata, Comata, Sarmata, Napata, Dema 

rata, Quadrata, Orata, Samosata, Armosata, Congavata, Ar 

taxata. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Chsrestrata. 

ETA ITA OTA UTA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

.33ta, Caieta, Moneta, Demareta, Myrteta, Herbita, Areopa- 

gita, Mehta, Abderita, Artemita, Stagirita, Uzita, Phthiota, Ep- 

irota, Contributa, Cicuta, Alutt., Matute. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Damocrita, Emerita. 



Palmyra.— See this word in the Initial Vocabulary 



54 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



AVA EVA IVA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Clepidava, Abragava, Calleva, Geneva, Areva, Atteva, Lu- 
teva, Galliva. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Batava. 

UA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Accua, Addua, Hedua, Heggua, Annua, Capua, Februa, 
Achrua. Palatua, Flatua, Mantua, Agamzua. 

YA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Libya, Zerolibya, iEthya, Carya, Marsya. 

AZA EZA OZA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Aftaraza, Mieza, Baragoza. 

AE 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Nausicae, Pasiphae. 

x>xE C-aE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Maricse 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Colubae, Vaginiacae, Carmocas, Oxydracae, Gallicae, Hieron- 
icae, Coricae, Anticae, Odrycae. 

ADM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

iEneadae, Baccbiada3, Scipiadae, Battiadae, Thestiadae. 

ID^E UDJE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Proclidse, Basilidae, Orestidae, JEbudae, Ebudae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Labdacidae, Selucidae, Adrymachidae, Branchidae, Pyrrbi- 
dae, Basilidae, Romulidae, Numidae, Dardanidas, Borysthenidae, 
Ausonidae, Cecropidae, Gangaridae, Marmaridae, Tyndaridae, 
Druidae. 

MM EM ¥M GM UM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Acbaeae, Plataeae, Napaeae, Allifae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Diomedeae, Cyaneae, Cencbreae, Capreae, Plateae, Callifae, 
Latobrigae, Lapithae. 

IM* 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Baiae, Graiae, Stabiae, CiUciae, Cercias, Besidiae, Rudiae, 
Tapbiae, Versaliae, Ficebae, Encbeliae, Cloeliae, Cutibae, Esqui- 
liae, Exquiliae, Formiae, Volcaniae, Arania?, Arraeniae, Britan- 
niaB, Boconias, Cbelidoniae, Pioniag, Gemoniae, Xyniae, Ellopiae, 
Herpiae, Caspiae, Cuniculariae, Canariae, Purpurariae, Cha- 
briae, Feriae, Laboriae, Emporiae, Caucasiae, Vespasiae, Cora- 
Biae, Prasiae, Ithacesiae, Gymnesiae, Etesiae, Gratiae, Venetiae, 
Piguntiae, SebnuntiaB, Sestiae, Cottiae, Landaviae, Harpyiae. 

1,M M^E 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pialae, Agagamalae, Apsilas, Apenninicolae, iEquicolae, Apio- 
lae, Epipolae, Bolbulae, Anculae, Fulfulae, Fesulae, Carsulae, 
Latulae, Tbermopylae, Acrocomae, Acbomae, Solymae. 

ANJE EN.3E 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Africanae, Clodianae, Valentinianae, Marianae, Valentianae, 
Sextianae, Cumanae, Adiabenae, Mycenae, Fregenae, Sophenae, 
Atbenae, Hermathenae, Mitylenae, Achmenae, Acesemenae, 
Olaesomenae, Camoenae, Convenae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Faunigenae, Ophiogenae, Apenninigenae. 

INJE ON.E UNJE ZCLE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Salinae, Calaminae, Agrippinae, Carinae, Taurines, Philisti- 

tise, Cleonae, Vennonae, Oonae, Vacunae, Androgunae, Abzoae. 

IP.E UPJE 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Centuripae, Rutupae. 
ARiE ERM UBR^E YTffitiE ORM KTRM ITR.E 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Adiabarae, Andarae, Ulubrae, Budorae, Alachora?, Coatrae, 
Velitrae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ele*Cfterae, Bliterae, Erythrae, Pylagorae. 

* See Rule 4 of tbe Initial Vocabulary. 



ASM T&SM US^E 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Syracusae, Pitbecusae, Pityusae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Pagasae, Acesae. 

KTM ET^E 
Accent the Penultimate. 
MeeataB, Abrincatae, Lubeatae, Docleatae, Pbeneatae, Acape 
atae, Magatae, Olciniatae, Galatae, Arelatae, Hylatae, Arnatea, 
Iaxamatae, Dalmatae, Sauromatae, Exomatae, Abrinatae, For- 
tunatae, Crotoniatae, Asampatae, Cybiratae, Vasatae, Circetse, 
jEsymnetae, Agapetae, Aretae, Diaparetae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Tbyroagetae, Massagetae, Alphetae, Denseletae, Coeletas, 
Demetae. 

IT.E OT^E UT,E YT.E 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ascitae, Abraditae, Acbitae, Aboniteicbitae, Accabacotichitse, 
ArsagaUtae, Avalitae, Pbaselitae, Brullitae, Hierapolitae, Anto 
niopolitae, Adrianapobtae, Metropolitaa, Dionysopolitae, Adu- 
litae, Elamitae, Bomitae, Tomitae, Scenitae, Pionifcae, Agravoni* 
tae, Agonitas, Sybaritae, Daritae, Opharitae, Dassaritae, Nigritae, 
Oritae, Aloritae, Tentyritae, Galeotae, LimniotaB, Estiotae, Am- 
preutae, Alutae, Troglodytae or Troglod'ytas. 

IV.E OVJE VM YM* 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Durcabrivae, Elgovse, Durobrovse. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Mortuae, Habcyae, Phlegyae, Bithyas, Ornithyae, Milv»- 
Minyae. 

OBE 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Deipbobe, Niobe. 

ACE ECE ICE OCE YCE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Phcenice, Berenice, Aglaonice, Stratonice. — See Rule 30. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Candace, Phylace, Canace, Mirace, Artace, Allebece, Aloj. 

ece, Laodice, Agnodice, Eurydice, Pyrrhice, Helice, Gallice 

IUice, Demodice, Sarmatice, Erectice, Getice, Cymodoc* 

Agoce, Harpalyce, Eryce. 

EDE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Agamede, Perimede, Alcimede. 

JEE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
iEaee. 

NEE AGE 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Cyanee, Lalage. 

ACHE ICHE YCHE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Iscbomacbe, Andromache, Canache, DoUche, Eutyche. 

PHE THE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Anapbe, Psamatbe. 

IE 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gargapbie,t Uranie, Meminie, Asterie, Hyrie, Parrhaeie 
Clytie. 

ALE ELE ILE OLE ULE YLE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Neobule, Eubule, Cberdule, Eriphyle. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acale, Hecale, Mycale, Megale, Omphale, ^tbale, Noven 
diale, ^Egiale, Ancbiale, Ambarvale, Myrtale, Hyale, Euryale, 
Cybele, Nephele, Alele, Semele, Perhnele, Pcecile, Affile 
(Emphile, Iole, Omole, Homole, Phidyle, Strongyle, Chtbo 
nopbyie-j Deipyle, Eurypile. 

AME IME OME YME. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Apame, Inarime, Ithome, Amymome, CEnome, Amphino 
me, Laonome, Hylonome, Eurynome, Didyme. 

* The termination of yce, with the accent on the precedin j 
syllable, must be pronounced as two similar letters ; that is, 
as if spelled Halic-e-e, Min-e-e, &c. — See Rule 4 of the Initiai 
Vocabulary. 

t The i in the penultimate syllable of these words, not bar- 
ing the accent, must be pronounced Uke e. This occasions a 
disagreeable hiatus between this and the last sy iable, and a 
repetition of the same sound ; but, at the same time, is strictly 
according to rule.— See Rule 4 of the Initial Vocabulary 



liREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



55 



ANE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Mandane, Mane, Anthane, Achriane, Anane, Drepane, Ac- 
rabatane, Eutane, Roxane. 

Accent the AntepenuUimote. 
Taprobane, Cyane, Pitane. 

ENE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Acabene, Bubacene, Damascene, Cbalcidene, Cistbene, 
Alcistbene, Partbiene, Priene, Poroselena, Pallene, Tellene, 
Cyllene, Pylene, Mitylene, ^Emene, Laonomene.Ismene, Din- 
dymene, Osrhoene, Troene, Arene, Autocrene, Hippoc""3ne, 
Pirene, Cyrene, Pyrene, Capissene, Atropatene, Corduene, 
Syene. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Helene, Depamene, Dynamene, Nyctimene, Idomene, Mel- 
pomene, Anadyomene, Armene. 

INE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Sabine, Carcine, Tracbine, Alcantbine, Neptunine, Larine, 
Nerine, Irine, Barsine, Bolbetine. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Asine. 

ONE YNE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Metbone, Itbone, Dione, Porpbyrione, Acrisione, Alone, 
Halone, Corone, Torone, Thyone, Byzone, Delpbyne. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Mycone, Erigone, Persephone, Tisiphone, Deione, Pleione, 
Chione, Ilione, Hermione, Herione, Commone, Mnemosyne, 
Sophrosyne, Eupbrosyne. 

OE (in two syllables) 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Amphirhoe, Alcatboe, Alcithoe, Ampbitboe, Nausithoe, La- 
otboe, Leucothoe, Cymotboe, Hippotboe, Alyxothoe, Myrioe, 
Pboloe, Soloe, Sinoe, JEnoe, Arsinoe, Lysinoe, Antinoe, Leu- 
conoe, Tbeonoe, Pbilonoe, Pbaemonoe, Autonoe, Polynoe, 
Ocyroe, Beroe, Meroe, Peroe, Abzoe. 
APE OPE 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
lotape, Rbodope, Chalciope, Candiope, iEthiope, Calliope, 
Liriope, Cassiope, Alope, Agalope, Penelope, Parthenope, 
Sinope, JErope, Merope, Dryope. 

ARE IRE ORE YRE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Lymire. 

Accent tlie Antepenultimate. 

Becare, Tamare, iEnare, Terpsichore, Zephyre, Apyre. 

ESE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Melese, Tenese. 

ATE ETE ITE OTE YTE TYE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ate, Reate, Teate, Arelate, Admete, Arete, Aphrodite, Am- 
phitrite, Atabyrite, Percote, Pactye. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Hecate, Condate, Automate, Taygete, Nepete, Anaxarete, 
Hippolyte. 

AVE EVE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Agave. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Nineve. 

LAI* NAI (in two syllables) 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Acholai. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
DanaL 

BI 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acibi, Abnobi, Attubi. 

ACI 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Segontiaci, Mattiaci, Amaci, iEnaci, Bettovacl. 
ACI ICI OCI UCI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Rauraci, Albici, Labici, Acedici, Palici, Marici, Medoma- 
trici, Raurici, Arevici, Triboci, Aruci. 



* For ths final i in these words, see Rule the 4th of the 
?nitial Vocabulary. 



Accent the Antepcr, .dtimate. 

Callaici, Vendelici, Academici, Arecomici, Hernici, Cynici 

Stoici, Opici, Nassici, Aduatici, A'ruatici, Peripatetici, Cettici, 

Avantici, Xystici, Lavici, Triboci, Amadoci, Bibroci. 

ODI YDI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Borgodi, Abydi. 

Ml 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Sabsei, Vaccaei, and so of all words which have a diphthong 
in the penultimate syllable. 

EI (in two sylables) 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lapidei, Candei, Agandei, Amathei, Elei, Canthlei, Euga- 
nei, CEnei, Mandarei, Hyperborei, Carastasei, PrateL 
GI 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acridophagi, Agriophagi, Chelanophagi, Andropophagi, 
Anthropophagi, Lotophagi, Strutophagi, Ichthyophagi, De 
cempagi, Novempagi, Artigi, AlostigL 

CHI THI 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Heniochi, ^Enochi, Henochi, Ostrogoth! 

n* 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abii, Gabii, and all words of this termination. 
ALI ELI ILI OLI ULI YLI 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abali, VandaU, Acephah, Cynocephali, Macrocephali, At 
tali, Alontegeceli, Garoceli. Monosceli, Igilgih, ^Equicoli, Car 
seoh, Puteoli, Corioli, Ozoli, Atabub, Graecub, Pediculi, Sicu- 
li, Puticuh, Ancub, Barduli, Vardub, Turdub, Forub, Gaetuli 
Bastub, Rutub, Massesyb, Dactyb. 
AMI EMI 
* Accent the Penultimate. 
Apis ami, Charidemi. 

OMI UMI 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Cephalotomi, Astomi, Medioxumi. 
ANI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Albani, Cerbani, iEcani, Sicani, Tusicani, &c, and all 
words of this termination, except Choani and Sequani. oj 
such as are derived from words terminating in anus, with 
the penultimate short, which see. 
ENI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Agabeni, Adiabeni, Sarceni, Iceni, Laodiceni, Cyziceni, 
Uceni, Chaldeni, Abydeiii, Comageni, Igeni, Quingeni, Ce- 
pheni, Tyrrheni, Rutbeni, Labieni, Alheni, Cileni, Cicimeni, 
Alapeni, Hypopeni, I'ibareni, Agareni, Rufreni, Caraseni. 
Volseni, Bateni, Cordueni. 

Acctnt the Antepenultimate. 

Origeni, Apartheni, Antixeni 

INIt 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Gabbii, Sabini, Dulgibini, Basterbini, Peucini, Marrucini, 

Lactucini, Otadini, Bidini, Udini, Caudbii, Budini, Rhegini, 

Triocabni, Triumpibni, Magelbni, EnteUini, Canini, Mena- 

nmi, Anagnini, Amiternini, Saturnini, Centuripini, Paropini, 

Irpbai, Hirpini, Tibarini, Carini, Cetarini, Citarini, Ilbberini, 

Acherini, Elorini, Assorini, Feltrini, Sutrini, Eburini, Tigui-i- 

ni, Cacyrini, Agyrini, Halesini, Otesini, Mosini, Abissini, 

Mossini, Clusini, Arusmi, Reatini, Latini, Calatini, Collatini, 

Calactini, Ectini, ^Egetmi, Ergetini, Jetini, Aletini, SpoledDi, 

Netini, Neretini, Setini, Bantini, Murgantini, Fallantini, Aman- 

tini, Numantmi, Fidentini, Salentini, Colentini, Carentini. 

Verentini, Florentini, Consentini, Potentini, Faventini, Leon- 

tini, Acherontini, Saguntini, Haluntini, ^gyptini, Mamertini, 

Tricastini, Vestini, Faustini, Abrettini, Enguini, Inguini, La- 

nuvinL 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lactucini, Gemini, Memini, Morini,f Torrini 

* See Rules 3 and 4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 

t When the accett is on the penultimate syLable, the i in 
the last two syllabbs is pronounced exactly Ane the noun 
eye ; but, when the accent is on the antepenultimate, the first 
i is pronounced like e, and the last like eye. — See Rules 3 and 
4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 

X " Extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis." 
Vikg., ^73., vii., 727. 

" The Danes, unconquer'd offspring, march behind, 
And Morini the last of human kind." — Dbyden. 



16 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



ONI UNI YNI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Edoni, Aloni, Nemaloni, Geloni, Aqueloni, Abroni, Gordu- 
ni, Mariandyni, Magyni, Mogyni. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Epigoni, Theutoni. 

UPI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Catadupi. 

ARI ERI mi ORI URI YRI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Babari, Chomari, Agactari, Iberi, Celtiberi, Doberi, Algeri, 
Palemeri, Monomeri, Hermanduri, Dioscuri, Banceri, PaBSuri, 
Agacturi, Zimyri. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abari, Tochari, Acestari, Cavari, Calabri, Cantabri, Digeri, 
Drugeri, Eleutheri, Crustumeri, Teneteri, Brueteri, Suelteri, 
Treveri, Veragri, Treviri, Ephori, PastophorL 

USI YSI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Hormandusi, Condrusi, Nerusi, Megabysi 

ATI ETI OTI UTI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abodati, Capellati, Ceroti, Thesproti, CarnutL 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Athanati, Heneti, Veneti. 

AVI EVI IVI AXI UZI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Andecavi, Chamavi, Batavi, Pictavi, Suevi, Argivj, Acbivi, 
Coraxi, Abruzi. 

UI 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abascui, .lEdui, Hedui, Vermandui, Bipedimui, Inui, Cas- 
Cruminui, Essui, Abrincatui. 

IBAL UBAL NAL QUIL 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Pomonal. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Annibal, Hannibal, Asdrubal, Hasdrubal, Tanaquil. 

AM IM UM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Adulam, iEgipam, Aduram, Gerabum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abarim. 

UBUM ACUM ICUM OCUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cornacum, Tornacxim, Baracum, Camericum, Labicum, 
Avaricum, Antricum, Trivicum, Nordovicum, Longovicurn, 
Verovicum, Norvicum, Brundivicum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ctecubum, Abodiacum, Tolpiacum, Bedriacum, Gessoria- 
cum, Magontiacum, Mattiacum, Argentomacum, Olenacum, 
Arenacum, Bremetonacum, Eboracum, Eburacum, Lampsa- 
cum, Nemetacum, Bellovacum, Agedicum, Agendicum, Gly- 
conicum, Canopicum, Noricum, Massicum, Adriaticum, Sa- 
benneticum, Balticum, Aventicum, Mareoticum, Agelocum. 

EDUM IDUM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Manduessedum, Algiduna. 

MUM. 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Lilvbseum, Lycasuim, and all words of this termination. 

EUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Syllaceum, Lyceum, Sygeum, Amatheum, Glytheum, Did- 
Tmeum, Prytaneum, Palanteum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Herculeum, Heracleum, Rataneum, Corineum, Aquineum, 
Dictynneum, Panticapeum, Rhoeteum. 

AGUM IGUM OGUM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Nivomagum, Noviomagum, Adrobigum, Dariorigum, Al- 
Sobrogum. 



IUM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Albium, Eugubium, Abrucium, and all words of this term. 
ination. 

ALUM ELUM ILUM OLUM ULUM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Anchialum, Acelum, Ocelum, Corbilum, Clusiolum, Orao- 

ulum, Janiculum, Corniculum, Hetriculum, Uttriculum. A* 

culum, Tusculum, Angulum, Cingulum, Apulum, Trossulum, 

Batulum. 

MUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Amstelodamum, Novocomum, Cadomum, Amstelroda- 
mum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lygdamum, Cisamum, Boiemum, Antrimum, Auximum, 
Bergomum, Mentonomum. 

ANUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Albanum, Habcanum, Arcanum, jEanum, Teanum, Trifa- 
num, Stabeanum, Ambianum, Pompeianum, Tullianum, For- 
mianum, Cosmianum, Boianum, Appianum, Bovianum, Me- 
diolanum, Amanum, Aquisgranum, Trigisanum, Nuditanum, 
Usalitanum, UcaUtanum, Acoletanum, Acharitanum, Abziri- 
tanum, Argentanum, Hortanum, Anxanum. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Apuscidanum, Hebromanum, Itanum. 
ENUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Picenum, Calenum, Durolenum, Misenum, Volsenupi, 
Darvenum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Olenum. 

INUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Urbinum, Sidicinum, Ticinum, Pucinum, Tridinum, Lon 
dinum, Aginum, Casibnum, Crustuminum, Apenninum, 
Sepinum, Arpinum, Aruspinum, Sarinum, Lucrinum, Ocri- 
num, Camerinum, Laborinum, Petrinum, Taurinura, Casi- 
num, Nemosinum, Cassinum, Atinum, Batinum, Ambiatinum, 
Petinum, Altinum, Salentinum, Tollentinum, Ferentinum, 
Laurentinum, Abrotinum, Inguinum, Aquinum, Nequinum. 

ONUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cabillonum, Garianonum, Duronum, Cataractonum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ciconum, Vindonum, Britonum. 

UNUM YNUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Segedunum, Lugdunum, Marigdunum, Moridunum, Arcal 
dunum, Rigodunum, Sorbiodunum, Noviodunum, Melodu- 
num, Camelodunum, Axelodunum, Uxellodunum, Branno- 
dunum, Carodunum, Csesarodunum, Tarodunum, Tbeodoro- 
dunum, Eburodunum, Nernantodunum, Belunum, Antema 
tunum, Andomatunum, Maryandynum. 

OUM OPUM YPUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Myrtoum, Europum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pausilypum. 

ARUM 
Accent the Penultimate, 
Agarum, Belgarum, Nympharum, Convenarum, Rosarum 
Adulitarum, Celtarum. 

ABRUM UBRUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Velabrum, Vernodubrum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Artabrum. 

ERUM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Caucobberum, Tuberum. 

AFRUM ATHRUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Venafrum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Barathrum. 

IRUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Muzirum. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



57 



' ORUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cermorum, Ducrocortorum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Dorostorum. 

ETRUM 

Accent either the Penultimate or Antepenultimate. 
Celetrum. 

URUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Alaburum, Ascurum, Lugdurum, Marcodurum, Lactodu- 
.urn, Octodurum, Divojurum, Silurum, Saturum. 
Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Tigurum. 

ISUM OSUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Alisum, Amisum, Janosum. 

ATUM ETUM ITUM OTUM UTUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Atrebatum, Calatum, Argentoratum, Mutristratrum, Elo- 
cetum, Quercetum, Caletum, Spoletum, Vallisoletum, Tole- 
tum, Ulmetum, Adrumetum, Tunerum, Eretum, Accitum, 
Durolitum, Corstopitum, Abritum, Neritum, Augustoritum, 
Naucrotitum, Complutum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sabbatum. 

AVUM IVUM YUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Gandavum, Symbrivum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Coccyum, Engyum. 

MIN AON ICON 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Helicaon, Lycaon, Machaon, Dolicbaon, Amithaon, Didy- 
maon, Hyperaon, Hicetaon. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Salamin, Rubicon, Helicon. 

ADON EDON IDON ODON YDON 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Calcedon, Cbalcedon, Carcbedon, Anthedon, Aspledon, 
Sarpedon, Thermodon, Abydon. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Celadon, Alcimedon, Ampbimedon, Laomedon, Hippome- 
don, Oromedon, Antomedon, Annedon, Eurymedon, Caly- 
don, Amydon, Corydon. 

EON EGON 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Pantheon, Deileon, Achilleon, Aristocreon. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aleon, Pitboleon, Demoleon, Timoleon, Anacreon, Timo- 
creon, Ucalegon. 

APHON EPHON IPHON OPHON 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Agalaphon, Chaerephon, Ctesiphon, Antipbon, Colophon, 
Demophon, Xenophon. 

THON 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Agathon, Acroathon, Marathon. Phaeton, Phlegethon, Py- 
riphlegithon, Arethon, Acrithon. 
ION 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Pandion, Sandion, Echion, Alphion, Amphion, Ophion, 
Methion, Arion, Oarion, jErion, Hyperion, Orion, Asion, Me- 
cion, Axion, Ixion. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Albion, Phocion, Cephaledion, ^Egion, Brigion, Brygion, 
Adobogion, Moschion, Emathion, Amethion, Anthion, Ero 
chion, Pythion, Deucalion, Dsedalion, Sigalion, Calathion 
Ethahon, Eruthahon, Pigmalion, Pygmahon, Cemelion, Pe 
lion, Ptelion, Dion, Bryllion, Cromion, Endymion, Milanion 
Athenion, Boion, Apion, Dropion, Appion, Noscopion, Asele 
larion, Acrion, Chimerion, Hyperion, Asterion, Dorion, Eu 
phorion, Porphyrion, Tbyrion, Jasion, ^sion, Hippocration 
fetration, Action, ^tion, Metion, iEantion, Pallantion, Dotion 
Theodotion, Erotion, Sotion, Nephestion, Philistion, Polytion 
Or ny li on, Eurytion, Dionizion. 

LON MON OON PON RON PHRON 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Philemon, Criumetopon, Caberon, Dioscoron, Cacipron. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ascalon, Abylon, Babylon, Telamon, Ademon, JEgemon, 



Polemon, Ardemon, Hieromnemon, Artemon, Abaionon, 
Oromenon, Alcamenon, Tauromenon, Deicooh, Democoon, 
Laocoon, Hippocoon, Demophoon, Hippothoon, Acaron, Ac- 
caron, Paparon, Acheron, Apteron, Daiptoron, Chersephron. 
Alciphron, Lycophron, Euthyphron. 

SON TON YON ZON 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Theogiton, Aristogiton, Polygiton, Deltoton. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Thenuson, Abaton, Aciton, Aduhton, Sicyon, Cercyon, 
^Jgyon, Cremmyon, Cromyon, Geryon, Alcetryon, Amphit- 
ryon, Amphictyon, Acazon, Amazon, Olizon, Amyzon. 

ABO ACO ICO EDO IDO 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Lampedo, Cupido. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Arabo, Tarraco, Stihco, Macedo. 

BEO LEO TEO 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Labeo, Aculeo, Buteo. 

AGO IGO UGO 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Carthago, Origo, Verrugo. 

PHO THO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Clitipho, Agatho. 

BIO CIO DIO GIO LIO MO NIO RIO SIO TIO VIO XIO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arabio, Corbio, Navilubio, Senecio, Diomedio, Regio, 

Phrygio, BambaMo, Balho, Caballio, Ansellio, Pollio, Sirmio, 

Formio, Phormio, Anio, Parmenio, Avenio, Glabrio, Acrio, 

Curio, Syllaturio, Vario, Occasio, Aurasio, Secusio, Vercln- 

sio, Natio, Ultio, Derventio, Versontio, Divi^ Obhvio, Peto- 

vio, Alexio. 

CLO H.0 ULO UMO 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Charielo, Corbilo, Corbulo, ^pulo, Bsetulo, Castulo, Anu- 
mo, Lucumo. 

ANO ENO INO 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Theano, Adramitteno. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Barcino, Ruscino, Fruscino. 

APO IPO 
Accent the Antepenultimate 
Sisapo, Olyssipo. 

ARO ERO 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Vadavero. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Bessaro, Civaro, Tubero, Cicero, Hiero, Acimero, Cessero 

ASO ISO 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Carcaeo, Agaso, Turiaso, Ahso, Natiso. 

ATO ETO ITO YO XO 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Enyo, Polyxo. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Erato, Derceto, Siccilissito, Capito, Amphitryo. 
BER FER GER TER VER 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Meleager, Elaver. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Calaber, Mulciber, Noctifer, Tanager, Antipater, Marspater, 
Diespiter, Marspiter, Jupiter. 

AOR NOR POR TOR ZOR 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Chrysaor, Alcanor, Bianor, Euphranor, Alcenor, Agenoc 
Agapsenor, Elpenor, Rhetenor, Antenor Anaxenor, Vind» 
miator, Rhobetor. Aphetor. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Marsipor, Lucipor, Numitor, Albumazor or Albuniazar 

BAS DAS EAS GAS PHAS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Alebas, Augeas (king of Ehs), JEneaa, Oreas, Symplegi». 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Dotadas, Cercidas, Lucidas, Timaichidas, Charmidas, JA 



58 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMEfe. 



cidamidas, Leonidas, Aristonidas, Mnasippidas, Pelopidas, 
Thearidas, Diagoridas, Diphoridas, Antipatridas, Abantidas, 
Suidas, Crauxida&, Ardeas, Augeas (the poet), Eleas, Cineas, 
Cyneas, Boreas, Broteas, Acraphas, Periphas, Acyphas, Ae- 
ragas. 

IAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ophias. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Caecias, Nicias, Oephalaedias, Phidias, Hercdias, Cydias, 
Ephyreas, Minyeias, Pelasgias, Antibacchias, Acrolochias 
Archias. Adarchias, Arcathias, Agathias, Pythias, Pleias, Peli 
as, Ilias, Damias, Soemias, Areanias, Pausanias, Olynipias 
Appias, Agrippias, Chabrias, Tiberias, Terias, Lycorius, Pe 
lorias, Demetrias, Dioscurias, Agasias, Phasias, Acesias, Age 
eias, Hegesias, Tiresias, Ctesias, Cephisias, Pausias, Prusias 
Lysias, Tysias, iEetias, Bitias, Critias, Abantias, Thoantias 
Phaethontias, Phsestias, Thestias, Phaestias, Sestias, Livias 
Artaxias, Loxias. 

LAS MAS NAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Acilas, Adulas, Mascenas, Moecenas (or, as Labbe says it 
ought to be written, Meccenas), Fidenas, Arpinas, Larinas, 
Atinas, Adunas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Amiclas, Amyclas, Agelas, Apilas, Arcesilas, Acylas, Dory- 
las, Asylas, Acamas, Alcidamas, Iphidamas, Chersidamas, 
Praxidamas, Theodamas, Cleodamas, Therodamas, Thyoda- 
mas, Astydamas, Athamas, Garamas, Dicomas, Sarsinas, 
Sassinas, Pitinas. 

OAS PAS RAS SAS TAS XAS YAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Bagoas, Canopas, Abradaras, Zonaras (as Labbe contends 
it ought to be), Epitheras, Abradatas, Jetas, Philetas, Damce- 
tas, Acritas, Eurotas, Abraxas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Teleboas, Chrysorrhoas, Agriopas, Triopas, Zonaras, Gya- 
ras, Chrysoceras, Mazeras, Chaboras, Orthagoras, Pythago- 
ras, Diagoras, Pylagoras, Demagoras, Timagoras, Hermago- 
ras, Athenagoras, Xenagoras, Hippagoras, Stesagoras, Tisag- 
oras, Telestagoras, Protagoras, Evagoras, Anaxagoras, Prax- 
agoras, Ligoras, Athyras, Thamyras, Cinyras, Atyras, Ape- 
sas, Pietas, Felicitas, Liberalitas, Lentuhtas, Agnitas, Oppor- 
tnnitas, Claritas, Veritas, Faustitas, Civitas, Archytas, Phle- 
gyas, Milyas, Marsyas. 

BES 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Chalybes, Armenochalybes. 

CES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Arbaces, Pharnaces, Samothraces, Arsaces, Phcenices, Lib- 
yphoenices, Olympionices, Plistonices, Polynices, Ordovices, 
Lemovices, Eburovices. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Axl&ces, Astaces, Derbices, Ardices, Eleutherocilices, Cap- 
padoces, Eudoces, Bebryces, Mazyces. 

ADES 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Icades, Olcades, Arcades, Orcades, Carneades, Gorgades, 
Stoechades, Lichades, Strophades, Laiades, Naiades, Alci- 
biades, Pleiades, Branchiades, Deliades, Heliades, Peliades, 
Oiliades, NaupUades, Juhades, Memmiades, Cleniades, Xen- 
iades, Hunniades, HeUconiades, Acrisioniades, Telamoniades, 
Limoniades, Acheloiades, Asclepiades, Asopiades, Crotopi- 
ades, Appiades, Thespiades, Thariades, Otriades, Cyriades, 
Scyriades, Anchisiades, Dosiades, Lysiades, Nysiades, Dion- 
ysiades, Mencetiades, Miltiades, Abantiades, Dryantiades, At- 
lantiades, Laomedontiades, Phaetontiades, Laertiades, He- 
phaastiades, Thestiades, Battiades, Cyclades, Pylades, De- 
mades, Nomades, Maenades, Echinades, Cispades, Choerades, 
Sporades, Perisades, Hippotades, Sotades, Hyades, Thyades, 
Dryades, Haraadryades, Othryades. 

EDES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Democedes, Agamedes, Palamedes, Archimedes, Nicome- 
des, Diomedes, Lycomedes, Cleomedes, Ganymedes, Thras- 
ymedes. 

IDES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Alcides, Lyncides, Tydides, .ffigides, Promethides, Nicar- 
tbides, Heraclides, Telechdes, Epiclides, Anticlides, Andro- 
clidesL Menechdes, OSchdes, Cteseclides, Xenoclides, Charicli- 
des, ratrochdes, Aristoclides, Euclides, Eurychdes, Belides 
(singular), Basilides, Nelides, Pelides, iEschylides, ^Enides, 
Antigenides, OEnides, Lychnides, Amanoides, Japeronides, 
I.'arides, Abderides, Atrides, Thesides, Aristides. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Epichaides, Danaides, Lesbides, Labdacides, iEacides, Hy- 
lacides, Phylacides, Pharacides, Imbracides, Myrmecides, 
Phcenicides, Antalcides, Lyncides, Andocides, Ampycides' 
Thucydides, Lelegeides, Tyrrheides, Pimpleides, Clymenei- 
des, Mineides, Scyreides, Minyeides, Lagides, Harpagides, 
Lycurgides, Ogygides, Inachides, Lysimachides, Agatharchi- 
des, Timarchides, Leulychides, Leontychides, Leotychides, 
Sisyphides, Erecthides, Promethides, Crethides, Scythides, 
CEbaUdes, iEthahdes, Tantalides, Castalides, Mystalides, Phy- 
talides, Teleclides, Meneclides, CEclides, Ctesiclides, Androc- 
lides, Euclides, Eurychdes, Belides (plural), Sicelides, Epi- 
melides, Cypselides, Anaxilides, jEolides, Eubulides, Phocyl- 
ides, Priamides, Potamides, Cnemides, iEsimides, Tolmi- 
des, Charmides, Dardanides, Oceanides, Amanides, Titanides, 
Olenides, Achsemenides, Achimenides, Epimenides, Parmeni- 
des, Ismenides, Eumenides, Sithnides, Apohinides, Prumni- 
des, Aonides, Dodonides, Mygdalonides, Calydonides, Moeon- 
ides, G5dipodionides, Deionides, Chionides, Echionides, Sper- 
chionides, Ophionides, Japetionides, Ixionides, Mimalloni- 
des, Philonides, Apollonides, Acmonides, ^Emonides, Poly- 
pemonides, Simonides, Harmonides, Memnonides, Cronides, 
Myronides. ^Esonides, Aristonides, Praxonides, Liburnides, 
Sunides, Teleboides, Panthoides, Acheloides, Pronopides, 
Lapides, Callipides, Euripides, Driopides, OEnopides, Cecropi- 
des, Leucippides, Phihppides, Argyraspides, Clearides, Tasnar- 
ides, Hebrides, Timandrides, Anaxandrides, Epicerides, Pi- 
erides, Hesperides, Hyperides, Cassiterides, Anterides, Peris- 
terides, Libethrides, Dioscorides, Protogorides, Methorides, 
Antenorides, Actorides, Diactorides, Polyctorides, Hegetori- 
des, Onetorides, Antorides, Acestorides, Thestorides, Aristori- 
des, Electrides, G3notrides, Smindyrides, Philyrides, Pegasi- 
des, Iasides, Imbrasides, Clesides, Dionysides, Cratides, Pro- 
pcetides, Prcetides, Oceantides, ^antides, Dryantides, Dra- 
contides, Absyrtides, Acestides, Orestides, Epytides 

ODES UDES YDES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
jEgilodes, Acmofts, Nebrodes, Herodes, Orodes, Haebudes 
Harudes, Lacydes, Pherecydes, Androcydes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sciapodes, GMipodes, Antipodes, Hippopodes, Himantop- 
odes, Pyrodes, Epycydes. 

AGES EGES IGES OGES YGES 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Theages, Tectosages, Astyages, Leleges, Nitiobriges, Durofc- 
riges, Caturiges, Allobroges, Antobroges, Ogygef , Cataphry- 
ges, Sazyges. 

ATHES ETHES YTHES IES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ariarathes, Alethes. 

Accent ike Antepenultimate. 
Onythes, Aries. 

ALES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Novendiales, Geniales, Compitales, Arvales. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Carales. 

ACLES ICLES OCLES 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Daicles, Mnasicles, Iphicles, Zanthicles, Charicles, Theri 
cles, Pericles, Agasicles, Pasicles, Phrasicles, Ctesicles, Sosi 
cles, Nausicles, Xanticles, Niocles, Empedocles, Theocles, 
Neocles, Eteocles, Sophocles, Pythocles, Diodes, Phiocles 
Damocles, Democles, Phanocles, Xenocles, Hierocles, An 
drocles, Mandrocles, Patrocles, Metrocles, Lamprocles, Ce- 
phisocles, Nestocles, Themistocles. 

ELES ILES OLES ULES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ararauceles, Hedymeles, Pasiteles, Praxiteles, Pyrgoteles. 

Demoteles, Aristoteles, Gundiles, Absiles, Novensiles, Pisat- 

iles, Taxiles, ^Eoles, Autololes, Abdimonoles, Hercules. 

AMES OMES 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Priames, Datames, Abrocomes. 

ANES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Jordanes, Athamanes, Alamanes, Brachmanes, Acamanes 
^gipanes, Tigranes, Actisanes, Titanes, Ariobarzanes 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Diaphanes, Epiphanes, Periphanes, Paxiphanes, Dexipb- 
anes, Lexiphanes, Antiphanes, Nicophanes, Theophanes, Di 
ophanes, Apollopianes, Xenophanes, Aristophanes, Agrianea 
Pharrsmanes, Prytanes. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAxMES. 



5y 



ENES* 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Timagenc-s, Metagenes, Sosigenes, Epigenes, Melesigenes, 
Antigenes, Theogenes, Diogenes, Oblogenes, Hermogenes, 
Rhetogenes, Themistogenes, Zanthenes, Agasthenes, Las- 
thenes, Clisthenes, Callisthenes, Peristhenes, Cratisthenes, 
Antisthenes, Barbosthenes, Leosthenes, Demosthenes, Di- 
nosthenes, Androsthenes, Posthenes, Eratosthenes, Borys- 
thenes, Alcamenes, Theramenes, Tisamenes, Deditamenes, 
Spitamenes, Pylemenes, Althemenes, Achaemenes, Philopoe- 
menes, Daimenes, Nausimenes, Numenes, Antimenes, An- 
aximenes, Cleomenes, Hippomenes, Heromenes. Ariotome- 
<ies, Eumenes, Polymenes, Geryenes. 

1NES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Telchines, Acesines. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aborigenes, iEschines,t Asines 
ONES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
oalucones, Agones, Antechthones, Iones, Helleviones, Vo- 
lones, Nesimones, Verones, Centrones, Eburones, Grisones, 
Auticatones, Statones, Vectones, Vetones, Acitavones, Ingce- 
I'ones, Istaevones, Axones, iExones, Halizones. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lycaones, Chaones, Frisiabones, Cicones, Vernicones 
Francones, Vascones, Mysomacedones, Rhedones, Essedo 
nes, Myrinidones, Pocones, Paphlagones, Aspagones, Lee 
strigones, Lingones, Lestrygones, Vangiones, Nuithones, 
Sithones, Baliones, Hermiones, Biggeriones, Meriones, Sui 
ones, Mimallones, Senones, Memnones, Pannones. Ambrones 
Suessones, Ansones, Pictones, Teutones, Amazones. 

OES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Heroes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Chorsoes, Chosroes. 

APES OPES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cynapes, Cecropes, Cyclopes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Panticapes, Crassopes, Esubopes, ,Ethiopes, Hellopes, Dol- 
)pes, Panopes, Steropes, Dryopes. 

ARES ERES IRES ORES URES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cab&res, Balcares, Apollinares, Saltuares, Ableres, Byzeres, 
Bechires, Diores, Azores, Silures. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Leochares, iEmochares, Demochares, Abisares, Cavares, 
insures, Lucere3, Pieres, Astabores, Musagores, Centores, 
Imures. 

ISES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Anchises. 

ENSES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

(Jcubenses, Leonicenses, and all words of this termination. 

OCES YSES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cambyses. 

ATES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Phraates, Atrebates, Cornacates, Ceracates, Adunicates, 
Nisicates, Barsabocates, Leucates, Teridates, Mithridates, At- 
tidates. Osquidates, Oxydates, Ardeates, Eleates, Bercorea- 
tes, Caninefates, Casicenufates, iEgates, Achates, Niphates, 
Deciates, Attaliates, Mevaniates, Cariates, Quariates, Asser- 
iates, Euburiates, Antiates, Spartiates, Celelates, Hispellates, 
Stellates, Suillates, Albulates. Focimates, Auximates, Flana- 
tes, Edenates, Fidenates, Suffenates, Fregenates, Capenates, 
Senates, Ccesenates, Misenates, Padinates*, Fulginates, Meri- 
nates, Alatrinates, JSsinates, Agesinates, Asisinates, Sassina- 
tes, Sessinates, Frusinates, Antinates, Altinates, Tollentina- 
tes, Ferentinates, Interamnates, Chelonates, Casmonates, Ar- 
aate?, Tifernates, Infernates, Privernates, Oroates, Euphra- 
tes, Orates, Vasales, Cocosates, Tolosates, Antuates, Nantua- 
tes, Sadyates, Caryates. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Spithobates, Eurybates, Antiphates, Trebiates, Zalates, 



* All the words of this termination have the accent on the 
antepenultimate. — See Eumenes in. the Initial Vocabulary. 

fLabbe says, that a certain anthologist, forced by the ne- 
cessity of his verse, has pronounced this wor 1 with the ac- 
cent on the per ultimate. 



Sauromates, Attinates, Tornates, Hypates, Menecrates,* Pho 
recrates, Iphicrates, Callicrates, Epicrates, Pasicrates, Stasic 
rates, Sosicrates, Hypsicrates, Nicocrates, Halocrates, Da 
mocrates, Democrates, Cheremocrates, Timocrates, Her 
mocrates, Stenocrates, Xenocrates, Hippocrates, Harpocra 
tes, Socrates, Isocrates, Cephisocrates, Naucrates, Eucrates 
Euthycrates, Polycrates. 

ETES ITES OTES UTES YTES YES ZES 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Acetes, Ericetes, Cadetes, jEetes, Mocragetes. Caletes, Phi 
locletes, jEgletes, Nemetes, Cometes, Ulmanetes, Consuanc 
tes, Gymnetes, iEsymnetes, Nannetes, Serretes, Curetes 
Theatetes, Andizetes, Odites, Belgites, Margites, Memphiteri 
Ancalites, Ambialites, Avalites, Cariosuelites, Polites, Apol 
lopohtes, Hermopolites, Latopolites, Abulites, Stylites, Bo 
rysthenites, Temenites, Syenites, Carcinites, Samnites, Dei 
opites, Garites, Centrites, Thersites, Narcissites, Asphaltites, 
Hydraotes, Heracleotes, Bceotes, Helotes, Bootes, Thootes, 
Anagnutes, Arimazes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Dercetes, Massagetes, Indigetes, llergetes, Euergetes Au- 
chetes, Eusipetes, Abalites, Charites, Cerites, Praestites, An 
dramytes, Dariaves, Ardyes, Machlyes, Blemmyes. 

AIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Achais, Archelais, Homolais, Ptolemais, Elymaifl 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Thebais, Pbocais, Aglais, Tanais, Cratais. 
BIS CIS DIS 
Accent the Pemdtimate. 
Berenicis, Cephaledis, Lycomedis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acabis, Carabis, Setabis, Nisibis, Cleobis, Tucrobis, Tiso- 
bis, Ucubis, Curubis, Salmacis, Acinacis, Brovonacis, Athra- 
cis, Agnicis, Carambucis, Cadmeidis. 

ElSt ETHIS ATHIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Medeis, Spercheis, Pittheis, Crytheis, Nepheleis, Eleieis, 
Achilleis, Pimpleis, Cadmeis, iEneis, Schoeneis, Peneis, Acri- 
soneis, Triopeis, Patereis, Nereis, Cenchreis, Theseis, BriBeis. 
Perseis, Messeis, Chryseis, Nycteis, Sebethis, Epimethis 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Thymiathis. 

ALIS ELIS ILIS OLIS ULIS YLIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Andabalis, Cercalis, Regalis, Stymphalis, Diahs, Latialis, 
SeptimontiaUs, Martiahs, Manalis, Juvenalis, Quirinalis, Fon- 
tinalis, Junonalis, Avernalis, Vacunalis, Abrupahs, Florahs, 
Quietalis, Eumehs, Phaselis, Eupihs, Quinctihs, Aduhs. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Q2balis, Hannibalis, Acacalis, Fornicalis, Androcalis, Lu 
percalis, Vahalis, Ischalis, Caralis, Thessalis, Italis, Facelis, 
Sicelis, Fascelis, Vindelis, Nephelis, Bibilis, Incibilis, Lucreti- 
lis, Myrtilis, Indivilis, jEeohs, Argolis, Cimolis, Decapolis, 
NeapoHs (and all words ending in polis), Herculis, Thestyli3 
AMIS EMIS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Calamis, Salamis, Semiramis, Thyamis, Artemis. 

ANIS ENIS INIS ONIS YNIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Mandanis, Titanis, Bacenis, Mycenis, Philcnis, Cyllenis, Is 
menis, Cebrenis, Adonis, Edonis, iEdonis, Thedonis, Sidonis, 
Dodonis, Calydonis, Agonis, Alingonis, Colonis, Corbulonis, 
Cremonis, Salmonis, Junonis, Ciceroni?, Scironis, Coronis, 
Phoronis, Turonis (in Germ.), Tritonis, Phorcynis, Gortynis. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sicanis, Anticanis, Andanis, Hypanis, Taranis, Prytanis, Po 
emanis, Eumenis, Lycaonis, Asconis, M«onis, Pa^onis, Sith- 
onis, Memnonis, Pannonis, Turonis (in France), Bitonis, Ger 
yonis. 

OIS+ 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Minois, Herois, Latois. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Symois, Pyrois. 

APIS OPIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
lapis, Colapis, Serapis,§ Isapis, Asopis. 



* All words ending in crates have the accent on the ante- 
penultimate syllable. 

t These vowels form distinct syllables. — See the termina 
tion EIUS. $ These vowels form distinct syllables 

§ Serapis.—See the word in the Initial Vocabulary. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acapis, Minapi3, Cecropis, Meropis. 

ARIS ACR1S ATRIS ERIS IGRIS IRIS ITRIS ORIS 
URIS YRIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Balcaris, Apollinaris, Nonacris, Cimmeris, Aciris, Osiris, 
Petosiris, Busiris, Lycoris, Calaguris. Gracchuris, Hippuris. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abaris, Fabaris, Sybaris, Icaris, Andaris, Tyndaris, Sagaris, 
Angaria, Phalaris, Elaris, Caularis, Tsenaris, Liparis, Araris, 
Biasaris, Cassaris, Abisaris, Achisaris, Bassaris, Melaris, Au- 
taris, Trinacris, Illiberis, Tiberis, Zioberis, Tyberis, Nepheris, 
Cytheris. Pieris, Trieris, Auseris, Pasitigris, Coboris, Sicoris, 
N T eoris, Peloris, Antipatris, Absitris, Pacyris, Ogyris, Porphy- 
ris, Amyris, Thamyris, Thomyris, Tomyris. 

ASIS ESIS ISIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Amasis, Magnesis, Tuesis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Bubasis, Pegasis, Parrhasis, Paniasis, Acamasis, Engonasis, 
Grajcostasis, Lachesis, Athesis, Tbamesis, Nemesis, Tibisis. 

ENSIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Genubensis. Cordubensis, and all words of tins termina- 
tion. 

OSIS USIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Diamastigosis, Enosis, Eleusis. 

ATIS ETIS ITIS OTIS YTIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Tegeatis, Sarmatis, Caryatis, Miletis, Limenetis, Curetis. 
Acervitis, Chalcitis, Memphitis, Sopbitis, Arbelitis, Fascelitis 
Dascylitis, Comitis, iEanitis, Cananitis, Circinitis, Sebennitis 
Chaonitis, Trachonitis, Chalonitis, Sybaritis, Daritis, Calen 
deritis, Zephyritis, Amphaxitis, Rhacotis, Estieeotis, Mseotis, 
Tracbeotis, Mareotis, Phthiotis, Sandaliotis, Ehmiotis, Isca- 
riotis, Casiotis, Philotis, Nilotis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Atergatis, Calatis, Anatis, Naucratis, Dercetis, Eurytis. 

OVIS UIS XIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Amphaxis, Oaxis, Alexis, Zamolxis, Zeuxis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Vejovis, Dijovis, Absituis. 

ICOS EDOS ODOS YDOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Abydos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Oricos, Tenedos, Macedos, Agriodos. 
EOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Spercheos, Achilleos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Androgeos, Egaleos, iEgaleos, Hegaleos. 

IGOS ICHOS OCHOS OPHOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Melampigos, Niontichos, Macrontichos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Nerigos, iEgiochos, Oresitropbos. 

ATHOS ETHOS ITHOS IOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Sebetbos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sciatbos, Aritbos, Ilios, Ombrios, Topasios. 

LOS MOS NOS POS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Stympbalos, iEgilos, Pacbinos, Etbeonos, Eteonos, Hepta- 
phonos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Haegalos, iEgialos, Ampelos, Hexapylos, Sipylos, Hecatom- 
pylos, Potamos, iEgospotamos, Olenos, Orchomenos, Anapau- 
omenos, Epidicazomenos, Heautontimorumenos, Antropos. 

ROS SOS TOS ZOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Meleagros, Hecatoncheros, iEgimiros, Nisyros, Pityonesos, 



Hieronesos, Cepbesos, Sebetos, Halieeetos, Mietos, Polytima 
tos, Aretos, Butbrotos, Topazos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sygaros, iEgoceros, Anteros, Meleagros, Myiagros, Abso 
ros, Amyros, Pegasos, Jalysos, Abatos, Aretos, Neritos, Acytoa. 

IPS OPS 
Accent the Antepenultimate 
iEgilips, iEthiops. 

LAUS MAUS NAUS RAUS (in two syllables.; 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Arcbelaus, Menelaus, Aglaus. Agesilaus. Protesilaus, Nic* 

laus, Iolaus, Hermolaus, Critolaus, Aristolaus, Dorylaus, An* 

phiaraus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Imaus,* Emmaus, GEnomaus, Danaus. 

BUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Agabus, Alabus, Arabus, Melabus, Setabus, Erebus, Cteef 

bus, Deiphobus, Abubus, Polybus. 

ACUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abdacus, Labdacus, Rbyndacus, iEacus, Itbacus. 

IACUSt 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ialciacus, Phidiacus, Alabandiacus. Rhodiacus, Calchlacus, 

Corinthiacus, Deliacus, Peliacus, Iliacus, Niliacus, Titaniacus, 

Armeniacus, Messeniacus, Salaminiacus, Lemniacus, Ionia- 

cus, Sammoniacus, Tritoniacus, Gortyniacus, Olympiacus, 

Caspiacus, Mesembriacus, Adriacus, Iberiacus, Cytheriacus, 

Siriacus, Gessoriacus, Cytoriacus, Syriacus, Phasiacus, Me- 

galesiacus, Etesiacus, Isiacus, Gnosiacus, Cnossiacus, Pausia- 

cus, Amatbusiacus, Pelusiacus, Prusiacus, Actiacus, Divitia- 

cus, Byzantiacus, Thermodontiacus, Propontiacus, Hellespon- 

tiacus, Sestiacus. 

LACUS NACUS OACUS RACUS SACUS TACUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Benacus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ablacus, Medoacus, Armaracus, Assaracus, iEsacus, Lamp 
sacus, Caractacus, Spartacus, Hyrtacus, Pittacus. 

ICUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Caiciis, Numicus, Demonicus, Granicus, Andronicus, Stra 
tonicus, Callistonicus, Aristonicus, Alaricua, Albericus, Rode 
ricus, Rudericus, Romericus, Hunnericus, Victoricus, Ama 
tricus, Henricus, Tbeodoricus, Ludovicus, Grenovicus, Var 
vicus. 

Accent the . 



Thebaicus, Phocaicus, Chaldaicus, Bardaicus, Judaic us 
Achaicus, Lechaicus, Panchaicus, Thermiiicus, Naicus, Pana 
thenaicus, Cyrenaicus, Arabicus, Dacicus, Samotbracicus. 
Turcicus, Areadicus, Sotadicus, Threcidicus, Chalcidicus 
Alabandicus, Judicus, Clondicus, Cornificus, Belgicus, Alio 
brogicus, Georgicus, Colchicus, Delphicus, Sapphicus, Par 
thicus, Scythicus, Pytbicus, Stymphalicus, Pharsalicus, Thes 
salicus, Italicus, Attalicus, Gallicus, Sabellicus, Tarbellicua 
Argolicus, Getulicus. Camicus, Ceramicus, Academicus, Grae 
canicus, Cocanicus, Tuscanicus, jEanicus, Hellamcus. Glar. 
icus, Atellanicus, Amanicus, Romanicus, Germanicus, Hispan 
icus, Aquitanicus, Sequanicus, Pcenicus, Alemannicus, Bri- 
tannicus, Laconicus, Leuconicus, Adonicus, Macedonicus 
Sandonicus, Ionicus, Hei-mionicus, Babylonicus, Samouicus 
Pannonicus, Hieronicus, Platonicus,Santonicus, Sophronicus 
Teutonicus, Amazonicus, Hernicus, Liburnicus, Euboicus 
Troicus, Stoicus, Olympicus, iEthiopicus, Pindaricus, Bale 
aricus, Marmaricus, Bassaricus, Cimbricus, Andricus, Iberi 
cus, Trietericus, Trevericus, Africus, Doricus, Pytbagoricus, 
Leuctricus, Adgandestricus, Istricus, Isauricus, Centauricus 
Bituricus, Illyricus, Syricus, Pagasicus, Mcedcus, Marsicus. 
Persicus, Corsicus, Massicus, Issicus, Sabbaticus, Mithridati 
cus, Tegeaticus, Syriaticus, Asiaticus, Dalmaticus, Sarmati 
cus, Cibyraticus, Rhaeticus, Geticus, Gangeticus, ^Egineticus 
Rbceticus, Creticus, Memphiticus, Sybariticus, Abderiticus. 
Celticus, Atlanticus, Garamanticus, Alenticus, Ponticus, Sco 
ticus, Mreoticus, Boeoticus, Heracleoticus, Mareoticus, Phtbi 
oticus, Niloticus, Epiroticus, Syrticus, Atticus. Alyatticus 
Halyatticus, Mediastuticus. 

OCUS UCUS YCUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ophiucus, Inycus. 

* Imaus. — See the word in the Initial Vocabulary. 
t All words of this termination have the accent on the t 
pronounced like the noun eye. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



(5] 



Acctnt the Antepenultimate. 
liauodocus, Ainodocus, Amphilocus, Ibycus, Libycus, Bes- 
•ycus, Autolycus, Amycus, Glanycus, Corycus. 

ADUS EDUS IDUS ODUS YDU3 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Lebedus, Congedus, Alfredus, Alurcdus, Emodus, An- 
Irodus. 

Accent the Ante-penultimate. 

Adadus, Enceladus, Aradus, Antaradus, Aufidus, Algidus, 

\ spidus, Hesiodus, Commodus, Monodus, Lacydus, Polydus. 

^US CEUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Niobaeus. Melibceus, and all words of these terminations. 

EUS* 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Lycambeus, Thisbeus, Bereniceus, Lynceus (the brother 
jf . Idas), Simonideus, Euripideus, Pherecydeus, Piraeus, 
fhiegeus, Tegeus, Sigeus, Ennosigeus, Argens, Baccheus, 
Hotorcheus, Cepheus, Rhipheus, Alpheus, Orpheus (adjec- 
tive), Erectheus, Prometheus (adjective), Cleantheus, Rha- 
damantheus, Erymantheus, Pantheus (adjective), Daidaleus, 
Sophocleus, Themistocleus, Eleus, Neleus (adjective), Oileiis 
(adjective), Apelleu3, Achilleus, Perilleus, Luculleus, Ai-gyl- 
leus. Pimpleus, Ebuleus, Asculeus, Masculeus, Cadmeus, Aris- 
iophaneus, Cananeus, GEneus (adj. 3 syll.), CEneus (sub. 2 
syll.), Idomeneus, Schceneus, Peneus, Phineus, Cydoneus, 
Androgeoneus, Bioneus, Deucalioneus, Acrisioneus, Salmo- 
nella (adjective), Maroneus, Antenoreus, Phoroneus (adjec- 
tive), Thyoneus, Cyrneus, Epeus, Cyclopeus, Penelopcus, 
Phillipeus, Aganippeus, Menandreus (adjective), Nereus, Za- 
greus, Boreus, Hyperboreus, Polydoreus, Atreus (adjective), 
Centaureus, Nesseus, Cisseus, CEteus, Rhceteus, Anteus, Aban- 
teus, Phalanteus, Therodamanteus, Polydamanteus, Thoan- 
teus, Hyanteus, Aconteus, Laomedonteus, Thermodonteus, 
Phaethonteus, Phlegethonteus, Oronteus, Thyesteus, Phryx- 
eus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gerionaceus, Menceceus, Lynceus (adjective), Dorceus, 
Caduceus, Asclepiadeus, Paladeus, Sotadeus, Tydeus, Orphe- 
us (substantive), Morpheus, Tyrrheus, Prometheus (substan- 
tive), Cretheus, Mnesitheus, Dositheus, Pentheus (substan- 
tive), Smintheus, Timotheus. Brotheus, Dorotheus, Menes- 
theus, Eurystheus, Pittheus, Pytheus, Daedaleus, iEgialeus, 
Maleus, Tantaleus, Heracleus, Celeus, Eleleus, Neleus, Pele- 
us, Nileus, Oileus (substantive), Demoleus, Romuleus, Per- 
gameus, Euganeus, Melaneus, Herculaneus, Cyaneus, Tya- 
neus, Ceneus, Dicaneus, Pheneus, CEneus, Cupidineus, Apol- 
lineus, Enn.eus, Adoneus, Aridoneus, Gorgoneus, Deioneus, 
Ilioneu3, Mimalloneus, Salmoneus (substantive), Acroneus, 
Phoroneus (substantive), Albuneus, Empeus, Sinopeus, Hip- 
peus, Aristippeus, Areus, Macareus, Tyndareus, Megareus 
(substantive), Caphareus (substantive), Briareus, JSsareus, 
Patareus, Cythereus, Phalereus, Nereus (substantive), Tere- 
us, Adoreus, Mentoreus, Nestoreus, Atreus (substantive), 
Caucaseus, Pegaseus, Theseus, Perseus, Nicteus, Argenteus, 
Bronteus, Proteus, Agyeus. 

AGUS EGUS IGUS OGUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cethegus, Robigus, Rubigus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
^gophagus, Osphagus, Neomagus, Rothomagus, Nioma- 
gus, Noviomagus, Caesar omagus, Sitomagus, Areopagus, Har- 
pagus, Arviragus, Uragus, Astrologus. 

ACHUS OCHUS UCHUS YCHUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Daduchus, Ophiuchus. 



* It may be observed, that words of this termination are 
sometimes both substantives and adjectives. When they 
are substantives, they have the accent on the antepenulti- 
mate syllable, as Ne'leus, Promdtheus, Salmo'neus, &c. ; and 
when adjectives, on the penultimate, as Nele'us, Promethe'us, 
Salmone'us, &c. Thus, CEneus, a king of Calydonia, is pro- 
nounced in two syllables; the adjective CEneus, which is 
formed from it, is a trisyllable ; and CEneius, another forma- 
tive of it, is a word of four syllables. But these words, when 
formed into English adjectives, alter their termination with 
the accent on the penultimate : 

" With other notes than to the Orphean lyre." 

Milton. 
a The tuneful tongue, the Promethean band." 

Akenside. 
And so'wethB'es on the antepenultimate ; as, 

"The sun, as from Thyestian banquet turn'd." 

Milton. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Telemachus, Daimachus, Deimachus, Alcimachus, Callim 
achus, Lysimachus, Antimachus, Symmachus, Andromachus 
Clitomachus, Aristomachus, Eurymachus, Inachns, Iambli 
chus, Demodochus, Xenodochus, De'iochus, Antiochus, L>e 
ilochus, Archilochus, Mnesilochus, Thersilochus, Orsilochus, 
Antilochus, Naulochus, Eurylochus, Agerochus. Polyochus, 
Monychus, Abronychus. 

APHUS EPHUS IPHLS OPHUS YPHUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Josephus, Seriphus. 

Accent tlie Antepenultimate. 
Ascalaphus, Epaphus, Palaepaphus, Anthropographus, Te. 
ephus, Absephus, Agastrophus, Sisyphus. 

ATHUS iETHUS ITJHUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Simasthus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Archagathus, Amathus, Lapathus, Carpathus, M chithus. 

AIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Caius, Laius, Graius. — See Achaia. 

ABIU8 IBIU3 OBIUS UBIU8 YBIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Fabius, Arabius, Bsebius, Vibius, Albius, Amobius, Macro 
bhis, Androbius, Tobius, Virbius, Lesbius, Eubius, Danubius 
Marrhubius, Talthybius, Polybius. 

CIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acacius, Ambracius, Acracius, Thracius, Athracius, Samo 
thracius, Lampsacius, Arsacius, Byzacius, Accius, Siccius, 
Decius, Threicius, Cornificius, Cilicius, Numicius, Apicius, 
Sulpicius, Fabricius, Oricius, Cincius, Mincius, Marcius, Cir 
cius, Hircius, B.oscius, Albucius, Lucius, Lycius, Bebrycius 

DIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Leccadius, Icadius, Arcadius, Palladius, Tenedius, Albidius, 
Didius, Thucydidius, Fidius, Aufidius, Eufidius, jEgidius, Ni- 
gidius, Obsid'ius, Gratidius, Brutidius, Helvidius, Ovidius. 
Rhodius, Clodius, Hannodius, Gordius, Claudius, Rudius. 
Lydius. 

EIUS* 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Daneins. Cocceius, Lyrceius, ^Eacideius, Lelegius, Sigems, 
Baccheius, Cepheius. Typhceeius, Cretheius, Pittheius, Sa 
leius, Semeleius, Neleius, Stheneleius, Proculeius, Septimu 
leius, Canuleius, Venuleius, Apuleius, Egnatuleius, Sypyleius 
Priameius, Cadmeius, Tyaneius, iEneius, Clymeneius, CEne- 
ius, Autoneius, Schceneius, Lampeius, Rhodopeius, Delope- 
ius, Priapeius, Pompeius, Tarpeius, Cynareius, Cythereius, 
Nereius, Satureius, Vultureiua, Cinyreius, Nyseius, Teius. 
Hecateius, Elateius, Rhoeteius, Atteius, Minyeius. 

GIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Valgius, Belgius, Catangius, Sergius, Asceburgius, Oxy 
gius. 

CHIUS PfflUS TH1US 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Sperchius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Inachius, Bacchius, Dulichius, Telechius, Munychius, He- 
sychius, Tychius, Cyniphius, Alphius, Adelphius, Sisyphius, 
Einathius, Simtethius, Acithius, Melanthius, Erymanthiua 
Corinthius, Zerynthius, Tirynthius. 

ALIUS .ELIUS ELIUS ILIUS ULIUS YLIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

CEbalius, Idahus, Acidalius, Paltephalius, Stymphalius, Ma»- 



* Almost all the words of this termination are adjectives, 
and in these the vowels ei form distinct syllables ; the oth- 
ers, as Cocodns, Saleius, Proculeius, Canuleius, Apuleius, 
Egnatuleius, Schceneius, Lampeius, Vultureius, Atteius, and 
Mmyeius, are substantives, and which, though sometime* 
pronounced with the ei forming a diphthong, and sounded 
like the noun eye, are more generally heardlike the adjec- 
tives ; so that the whole list may be fairly included under 
the same general rule, that of sounding the e separately, and 
the i like y consonant, as in the similar terminations in eta 
and ia. This is the more necessary in these words, as the 
accented e and the unaccented i are so much alike, as to re 
quire the sound of the initial or consonant y, in order to pre 
vent the hiatus, by giving a small diversity to the two vow 
els.- -See Achaia. 



62 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



nalius, Opalius, Thessalius, Castalius, Publius, Heraclius* 
.ffilius, Caelius, Laelius, Delius, Melius, Cornelius, Ccelius, 
Clcelius, Aurelius, Nyctelius, Praxitelius, Abilius, Babilius, 
Carbilius, Orbilius, Acilius, Ceecilius, Lucilius, iEdilius, Vir- 
gilius. iEmilius, Manilius, Pompilius, Turpilius, Atilius, Basil- 
ius,t Cantilius, Quintilius, Hostilius, Attilius, Rutilius, Duili- 
us, Sterquilius, Carvilius, Servilius, Callius, Trebellius, Cas- 
cellius, Gellius, Arellius, Vitellius, Tullius, Manlius, Tenolius, 
Nauplius, Daulius, Julius, Amulius, Pamphyllius, Pylius. 

MIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Samius, Ogmius, Isthmius, Decimius, Septimius, Rhem- 
mius, Memrnius, Mummius, Nomius, Bromius, Latmius, 
Posthumius. 

ANIUS ENIUS INIUS ENNIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Anius, Libanius, Canius, Sicanius, Vulcanius, Ascanius, 
Dardanius, Clanius, Manius, Afranius, Granius, JEnius, Mse- 
nius, Genius, Borysthenius, Lenius, Valenius, Cyllenius, Ole- 
nius, Menius, Achaemenius, Armenius, Ismenius, Poenius, Si- 
renius, Messenius, Dossenius, Polyxenius, Troezenius, Gabin- 
ius, Albinius, Licinius, Sicinius, Virginius, Trachinius, Minius, 
Salaminius, Flaminius, Etiminius, Arminius, Herminius, Ca- 
ninius, Tetritinius, Asinius, Eleusinius, Vatinius, Flavinius, 
Tarquinius, Cilnius, Tolumnius, Annius, Fannius, Elannius, 
Ennius, Fescennius, Dossenius. 

ONIUS UNIUS YNIUS OIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Aonius, Lycaonius, Chaonius, Machaonius, Amytbaonius, 
Trebonius, Hebconius, StiUconius, Asconius, Macedonius, 
Chalcedonius, Caledonius, Sidonius, Alchandonius, Mandoni- 
us, Dodonius, Cydonius, Calydonius, Maeonius, Paeonius, Ago- 
nius, Gorgonius, Laestrygonius, Lestrygonius, Trophonius, 
Sophonius, Marathonius, Sithonius, Ericthonius, Aphtbonius, 
Arganthonius, Titbonius, Ionius, CEdipodionius, Echionius, 
Ixionius, Salonius, Milonius, Apollonius, Babylonius, iEmo- 
nius, Lacedaemonius, Hasmonius, Palaemonius, Ammonius, 
Strymonius, Nonius. Memnonius, Agamemnonius, Cranno- 
nius. Vennonius, Junonius, Pomponius, Acronius, Sophronius, 
Scironius, Sempronius, Antronius, iEsonius, Ausonius, Lato- 
nius, Suetonius, Antonius, Bistonius, Plutonius, Favonius, 
Amazonius, Esernius, Calphurnius, Saturnius, Daunius, Ju- 
nius, Neptunius, Gortynius, Typhoius, Archeloius. Minoius, 
Trohis. 

APIUS OPIUS IPIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Agapius, iEsculapius, jEsapius, Messapius, Grampius, Pro- 
copius, CEnopius, Cecropius, Eutropius, iEsopius, Mopsopius, 
Gippius, Puppius, Caspius, Tbespius, Cispius. 

ARIUS ERIUS IRIUS ORIUS URIUS YRIUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Darius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arius, Icarius, Tarcundarius, Ligarius, Sangarius, Corinthi- 
arius, Larius, Marius, Hierosolymarius, jEnarius, Taenarius, 
Asinarius, Isinarius, Varius, Januarius, Aquarius. Februarius, 
Atuarius, Imbrius, Adrius, Evandrius, Laberius, Biberius, 
Tiberius, Celtiberius, Vinderius, Acberius, Valerius, Nume- 
rius, Hesperius, Agrius, CEagrius, Cenchrius, Rabirius, Poda- 
iirius, Sirius, Virius, Bosphorius, Elorius, Florius, Actorius, 
Anactorius, Sertorius, Caprius, Cyprius, Arrius, Feretrius, 
GSnotrius, Adgandestrius, Caystrius, Epidaurius, Curius, 
Mercurius, Durius, Furius, Palfurius, Thurius, Mamurius, 
Purius, Masurius, Spurius, Veturius, Asturius, Atabyrius, 
Scyrius. Porphyrius, Assyrius, Tyrius. 

ASIUS ESIUS ISIUS OSIUS USIUS YSIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Asius, Casius, Thasius, Jasius, iEsius, Acesius Coracesius, 
Arcesius, Mendesius, Cbesius, Ephesius, Milesius, Theume- 
8ius, Teumesius, iEnesius, Magnesius, Proconnesius, Cher- 
sonesius, Lyrnesius, Marpesius, Acasesius, Melitesius, Adyli- 
sius, Amisius, Artemisius, Simoisius, Charisius, Acrisius, Hor- 
tensius, Syracosius, Theodosius, Gnosius, Sosius, Mopsius, 
Cassius, Thalassius, Lyrnessius, Cressius, Tartessius, Syra- 
cusius, Fusius, Agusius, Amathusius, Opbiusius, Ariusius, 
Volusius, Sebnusius, Acherusius, Maurusius, Lysius, Elysi- 
us, Dionysius, Odrysius, Amphrysius, Othrysius. 

* Labbe places the accent of this word on the penultimate, 
i, as in Heraclitus and Heraclida ; but the Roman emperor 
of this name is so generally pronounced with the antepenult- 
imate accent, that it would 'savor of pedantry to alter it. Nor 
do I understand the reason on which Labbe founds his ac- 
centuation. 

t This word, the learned contend, ought to have the ac- 
cent on the penultimate ; but that the learned frequently de- 
part from this pronunciation, by placing the accent on the 
antepenultimate, may be seen, Rule 31, prefixed to the Initial 
Vocabulary. 



ATIUS ETIUS ITIUS OTIUS UTIUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Xenophontius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Trebatius, Catius, Volcatius, Achatius, Latius, Csecenatius 
Egnatius. Gratius, Horatius, Tatius, Luctatius, Statius, Acti- 
us, Vectius, Quinctius, Aetius, iEtius, Panaetius, Prastius, Ce- 
tius, Cseetius .Vegitius, Metius, Mcenetius, Lucretius, Helve- 
tius, Saturnalitius, Floralitius, Compitalitius, Domitius, Beri- 
tius, Neritius, Crassitius, Titius, Politius, Abundantius, Paean- 
tius, Taulantius, Acamantius, Teuthrantius, Lactantius, Hy- 
antius, Byzantius, Terentius, Cluentius, Maxentius, Mezen- 
tius, Quintius, Acontius, Vocontius, Laomedontius, Leon- 
tius, Pontius, Hellespontius, Acherontius, Bacuntius, Opunti- 
us, Aruntius, Maeotius, Thesprotius, Scaptius, jEgyptius, Mar 
tius, Laertius, Propertius, Hirtius, Mavortius, Tiburtius, Cur- 
tius, Thestius, Themistius, Canistius, Salhistius, Crustius, Ca- 
rystius, Hymettius, Bruttius, Abutius, Ebutius, ^Ebutius, Al- 
butius, Acutius, Locutius, Stercutius, Mutius, Minutius, Pre- 
tutius, Clytius, Bavius, Flavius, Navius, Evius, Mtevius, Nae- 
vius, Ambivius. Livius, Milvius, Fulvius, Sylvius, Novius, 
Servius, Vesvius. Pacuvius, Vitruvius, Vesuvius, Axius, 
Naxius, Alexius, Ixius, Sabazius. 

ALUS CLUS ELUS ILUS OLUS ULUS YLIJS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Stymphalus, Sardanapalus, Androclus, Patroclus, Dory 
clus, Orbelus, Philomelus, Eumelus, Phasaelus, Phaselus, 
Crysilus, Cimolus, Tomolus, Tmolus, Mausolus, Pactolus, 
iEtolus, Atabulus, Praxibulus, Cleobulus, Critobulus, Acon- 
tobulus, Aristobulus, Eubulus, Thrasybulus, Getulus, Bargy- 
lus, Massylus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abalus, Heliogabalus, Corbalus, Bubalus, Cocalus, DaBda 
lus, Idalus, Acidalus, Megalus, Trachalus, Cephalus, Cyno- 
cephalus, Bucephalus, Anchialus, Maenalus, Hippalus, Harpa 
lus, Bupalus, Hypalus, Thessalus, Italus, Tantalus, Crotalus, 
Ortalus, Attalus, Euryalus, Doryclus, Stiphelus, Stbenelus, 
Eutrapelus, Cypselus, Babilus, Diphilus, Antiphilus, Pamphi- 
las, Theophilus, Damophilus, Troilus, Zoilus, Chcerilus, Myr- 
tilus, ^Egobolus, Naubolus, Equicolus, iEolus, Laureolus, An 
chemolus, Bibulus, Bibaculus, Caeculus, Graeculus, Siculus, 
Saticulus, jEquiculus, Paterculus, Acisculus, Regulus, Rom- 
ulus, Venulus, Apulus, Salisubsulus, Vosulus, Catulus, GaB- 
tulus, Getulus, Opitulus, Lentulus, Rutulus, ^Eschylus, Deiph- 
ylus, Demylus, Deipylus, Sipylus, Empylus, Cratylus, As- 
tylus. 

AMUS EMUS IMUS OMUS UMUS YMUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Callidemus, Chai-idemus, Pethodemus, Philodemus, Phan 
odemus, Cbtodemus, Aristodemus, Polyphemus, Theotimus, 
Hermotimus, Aristotimus, Ithomus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lygdamus, Archidamus, Agesidamus, Apusidamus, Anax 
idamus, Zeuxidamus, Androdamus, Xenodamus, Cogamus, 
Pergamus, Orchamus, Priamus, Cinnamus, Ceramus, Abdira- 
mus, Pyramus, Anthemus, Telemus, Tlepolenras, Theopole- 
mus, Neoptolemus, Phaedimus, Abdalonimus, Zosimus, Max- 
imus, Antidomus, Amphinomus, Nicodramus, Didymiis, Din- 
dymus, Helymus, Solymus, Cleonymus, Abdalonymus, Hie- 
ronymus, Euonymus, iEsymus. 

ANUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Artabanus, Cebanus, Thebanus, Albanus, Nerbanus, Ver- 
banus, Labicanus, Gallicanus, Africanus, Sicanus, Vaticanus, 
Lavicanus, Vulcanus, Hyrcanus, Lucanus, Transpadanus, 
Pedanus, Apidanus, Fundanus, Codanus, Eanus, Garganus, 
Murhanus, Baianus, Trajanus, Fabianus, Accianus, Priscia- 
nus, Roscianus, Lucianus, Seleucianus, Herodianus, Claudi- 
anus, Saturcianus, Sejanus, Carteianus, ^Elianus, Afflianus, 
Lucilianus, Virgilianus, Petilianus, Quintilianus, Catullianus, 
TertulUanus, Julianus, Ammianus, Memmianus, P'ormianus, 
Diogenianus, Scandinianus, Papinianus, Valentianus, Justin- 
ianus, Trophonianus, Othonianus, Pomponianus, Maronia- 
nus, Apronianus, Thyonianus, Trojanus, Ulpianus, ^Esojiia- 
nus, Apianus, Oppianus, Marianus, Adrianus, Hadrianus, Ti- 
berianus, Valerianus, Papirianus, Vespasianus, Hortensianus, 
Theodosianus, Bassianus, Pclusianus, Diocletianus, Domitia- 
nus, Antianus, Scantianus, Terentianus, Quintianus, Sestia- 
nus, Augustianus, Sallustianus, Pretutianus, Sextianus, Flavi- 
anus, Bovianus, Pacuvianus, Alanus, Elanus, Silanus, Fregel- 
lanus, Atellanus, Regillanus, Lucullanus, Sullanus, Syllanui, 
Carseolanus, Pateolanus, Coriolanus, Ocriculanus, ^scula- 
nus, Tusculanus, Carsulanus, Fassulanus, Querquetulanus, 
Amanus, Lemanus, Summanus, Romanus, Rhenanus, Ame- 
nanus, Pucinanus, Cinnanus, Campanus, Hispanus, Sacranus, 
Venafranus, Claranus, Ulubranus, Seranus, Lateranus, Co- 
ranus, Soranus, Serranus, Suburranus, Gauranus, Subura^ 
nus, Ancyranus, Cosanus, Sinuessanus, Syracusanus, Sata- 
nus, Laletanus, Tunetanus, Abretanus, Cretanus, Setabita- 
nus, Gaditanus, Tingitanus, Caralitanus, Neapolitanus, Anti- 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



63 



politanud, Toraitanus, Taurominitanus, Sybaritanus, Lipari- 
tanus, Abderitanus, Tritanus, Ancyritanus, Lucitanus, Pan- 
tanus, Nejentanus, Nomentanus, Beneventanus, Montanus, 
Spartanus, Paestanus, Adelstanus, Tutanus, Sylvanus, Albi- 
novanus, Adeantuanus, Mantuanus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Libanus, Clibanus, Antilibanus, Oxycanus, Eridanus, Rhod- 
anus, Dardanus, Oceanus, Longimanus, Idumanus, Dripa- 
nus, Caranus, Adranus, Coeranus, Tritanus, Pantanus, Se- 
quanus. 

ENUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Characenus, Larapsacenus, Astacenus, Picenus, Damasce- 
nus, Suffenus, Alfenus, Alphenus, Tyrrhenus, Gabienus, La- 
bienus, Avidenus, Amenus, Pupienus, Garienus, Cluvienus, 
Calenus, Galenus, Silenus, Pergamenus, Alexamenus, Isme- 
nus, Thrasymenus, Trasymenus, Diopoenus, Capenus, Ce- 
brenus, Fibrenus, Serenus, Palmyrenus, Amasenus, Tibise- 
nus, Misenus, Evenus, Byzenus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ambenus, Helenus, Olenus, Tissamenus, Dexamenus, Di- 
adumenus, Clymenus, Periclymenus, Axenus, Callixenus, 
Philoxenus, Timoxenus, Aristoxenus. 

INUS YNUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Cytainus, Gabinus, Sabinus, Albinus, Sidicinus, Aricinus, 
Sicinus, Ticinus, Mancinus, Adminocinus, Carcinus, Cosci- 
nus, Marrucinus, Erycinus, Acadinus, Caudinus, Rufinus, 
Rheginus, Erginus, Opiturginus, Auginus, Hyginus, Pachi- 
nus, Echinus, Delphinus, Myrrhinus, Pothinus, Facelinus, 
Velinus, Stergilinus, Esquilinus, iEsquilinus, Caballinus, Mar- 
cellinus, Tigellinus, Sibyllinus, Agyllinus, Solinus, Capitoli- 
nus, Geminus * Maximinus, Crastuminus, Anagninus, Signi- 
nus, Theoninus, Saloninus, Antoninus, Amiterninus, Satur- 
ninus, Priapinus, Salapinus, Lepinus, Alpinus, Inalipinus, Ar- 
pinus, Hirpinus, Crispinus, Rutupinus, Lagarinus, Charinus, 
Diocharinus, Nonacrinus, Fibrinus, Lucrinus, Leandrinus, 
Alexandrinus, Iberinus, Tiberinus, Transtiberinus, Ameri- 
nus, iEserinus, Quirinus, Censorinus, Assorinus, Favorinus, 
Phavorinus, Taurinus, Tigurinus, Thurinus, Semm-inus, Cy- 
rinus, Myrinus, Gelasinus, Exasinus, Acesinus, Halesinus, 
Telesinus, Nepesinus, Brundisinus, Nursinus, Narcissinus, 
Libyssinus, Fuscinus, Clusinus, Venusinus, Perusinus, Susi- 
nus, Ardeatinus, Reatinus, Antiatinus, Latinus, Collatinus, 
Cratinus, Soractinus, Aretinus, Arretinus, Setinus, Bantinus, 
Murganlinus, Phalantinus, Numantinus, Tridentinus, Ufen- 
tinus, Murgentinus, Salentinus, Pollentinus Polentinus, Ta- 
rentinus, Terentinus, Surrentinus, Laurentinus, Aventinus, 
Truentinus, Leontinus, Pontinus, Metapoutinus, Saguntinus, 
Martinus, Mamertinus, Tiburtinus, Crastinus, Palasstinus, 
Prsenestinus, Atestinus, Vestinus, Augustinus, Justinus, La- 
vinus, Patavinus, Acuinus, Elvinus, Corvinus, Lanuvinus, 
Vesuvinus, Euxinus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Phainus, Acinus, Alcinus, Fucinus, iEacidinus, Cyteinus, 
Barchinua, Morinus,t Myrrhinus. Terminus, Rurninus, Eari- 
nus, Asinus, Apsinus, Myrsinus, Pometinus, Agrantinus, 
Acindynus. 

ONUS UNUS YNUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Drachonus, Onochonus, Ithonus, Tithonus, Myronus, Nep- 
tunus, Portunus, Tutunus, Bithynus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Exagonus, Hexagonus, Telegonus, Epigonus, Erigonus, 
Tosigonus, Antigonus, Laogonus, Chrysogonus, Nebropho- 
nus, Aponus, Carantonus, Santonus, Aristonus, Dercynus. 

OUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Aoiis, Laoiis, Sardoiis, Eoiis, Geloiis, Acheloiis, Inoiis, Mi- 
noiis, Naupactoiis, Arctoiis, Myrtous. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Hydrochoiis, Aleathoiis, Pirithoiis, Nausithoiis, Alcinoiis, 
Sphinous, Antinoiis. 

APUS EPUS IPUS OPUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Priapus, Anapus, iEsapus, Messapus, Athepus, ^sepus, 



* This is the name of a certain astrologer mentioned by 
Petavius, which, Labbe says, would be pronounced with the 
accent on the antepenultimate by those who are ignorant of 
Greek. 

t The singular of Morini. — See the word. 

As the i in the foregoing selection has the accent on it, it 
ought to be pronounced like the noun eye ; while the unac- 
cented i in this selection should be pronounced like e. — See 
Rule 4th. prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 



Euripus, Lycopus, Melanopus, Canopus, Inopus, Paropus, 
Oropus. Europus, Asopus, jEsopus, Crotopus. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sarapus, Astapus, CEdipus, Agriopus, iEropus. 
ARUS ERUS IRUS ORUS URUS YRUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Cimarus, jEsarus, Iberus, Doberus, Homerus, Severua. 
Noverus, Meleagrus, OZagrus, Cynaegirus, Camirus, Epirua, 
Achedorus, Artemidorus, Isidorus, Dionysidorus, Theodo- 
rus, Pythodorus, Diodorus, Tryphiodorus, Heliodorus, As- 
clepiodorus, Athesiodoms, Cassiodorus, Apollodorus, De- 
modorus, Hermodorus, Xenodorus, Metrodorus, Polydorus, 
Alorus, Elorus, Helorus, Pelorus, iEgimorus, Assorus, Cyto 
rus, Epicurus, Palinurus, Arcturus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abarus, Imbarus, Hypobarus, Icarus, Pandarus, Pindarua, 
Tyndarus, Tearus, Farfarus, Agarus, Abgarus, Gargarus, 
Opharus, Cantharus, Obiaiiis, Uliarus, Silarus, Cyllarus, Ta- 
mai'us, Absimarus, Comarus, Vindomarus, Tomarus, Isma- 
rus, Ocinarus, Pinarus, Cinnarus, Absarus, Bassarus, Deio- 
tarus, Tartarus, Eleazarus, Artabrus, Balacrus, Charadme, 
Cerberus, Bellerus, Mermerus, Termerus, Hesperus, Crate 
rus, Icterus, Anigrus, Glaphirus, Deborus, Pacorus, Stesicho- 
rus, Gorgophorus, Telesphorus, Bosphorus, Phosphorus, 
Heptaporus, Euporus, Anxurus, Deipyrus, Zopyrus, Leucos 
yrus, Satyrus, Tityrus. 

ASUS ESUS ISUS OSUS IISUS YSUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Parnassus, Galesus, Halesus, Volesus, Termesus, Theume 
sus, Teumesus, Alopeconnesus, Proconnesus, Arconnesus 
Elaphonnesus, Demonesus, Cherronesus, Chersonesus, Arc- 
termesus, Myonnesus, Halonesus, Cephalonesus, Peloponne- 
sus, Cromyonesus, Lyrnesus, Marpesus, Titaresus, Alisus, 
Paradisus, Amisus, Paropamisus, Crinisus, Amnisus, Bero- 
sus, Agrosus, Ebusus, Amphrysus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Oribasus, Bubasus, Caucasus, Pedasus, Agasus, Pegasus 
Tamasus, Harpasus, Imbrasus, Cerasus, Doryasus, Vogesus 
Vologesus, Ephesus, Anisus, Genusus, Ambrysus. 

ATUS ETUS ITUS OTUS UTUS YTUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Rubicatus, Baeticatus, Abradatus, Ambigatus, Viriatus, Ela- 
tus, Pilatus, Catugnatus, Cincinnatus, Odenatus, Leonatus, 
Aratus, Pytharatus, Demaratus, Acratus, Ceratus, Sceleratus, 
Serratus, Dentatus, Duatus, Torquatus, Februatus, Achetus, 
Polycletus, iEgletus, Miletus, Admetus, Tremetus, Diogne 
rus, Dyscinetus, Capetus, Agapetus, Iapetus, Acretus, Oretus, 
Hermaphroditus, Epaphroditus, Herachtus, Munitus, Agapi- 
tus, Cerritus, Bituitus, Polygnotus, Azotus, Acutus, Stercu- 
rus, Cornutus, Cocytus, Berytus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Deodatus, Palaepharus, Inatus, Acratus, Dinocratus, Eches- 
tratus,* Amestratus, Menestratus, Amphistratus, Callistratuaj 
Damasistratus, Erasistratus, Agesistratus, Hegesistratus, Pi- 
sistratus, Sosistratus, Lysistratus, Nicostratus, Cleostratus, 
Damosti-atus, Demostratus, Sostratus, Philostratus, Dinos- 
tratus, Herostratus, Eratostratus, Polystratus, Acrotatus, Tft- 
ygerus, Demsenetus, Iapetus, Tacitus, Iphitus, Onomacritua, 
Agoracritus, Onesicritus, Cleocritus, Damocritus, Democri 
tos, Aristocritus, Antidotus, Theodotus, Xenodorus, Herodo- 
tus, Cephisodotus, Libanotus, Leuccmotus, Euronotus, Age* 
simbrotus, Stesimbrotus, Theombrotus, Cleombrotus, Hip- 
polytus, Anytus, ^Epytus, Eurytus. 

AVUS EVUS IVUS UUS XUS YUS ZUS XYS U • 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Agavus, Timavus, Saravus, Batavus.t Versevus, Siievna, 
Gradivus, Argivus, Briaxus, Oaxus, Araxus, Eudoxus, Tra- 
pezus, Charaxys. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Batavus, Inuus, Fatuus, Tityus, Diascoridus. 

DAX LAX NAX RAX RIX DOX ROX 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ambrodax, Demonax, Hipponax. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Arctophylax, Hegesianax, Hermesianax, Lysianax, Asty* 
nax, Agonax, Hierax, Caetobrix, Eporedorix, Deudorix, Am- 
biorix, Dumnorix, Adiatorix, Orgetorix, Biturix, Cappadox 
Allobrox. 

* All words ending in stratus have the accent on the ante 
penultimate syllable. 

t This word is pronounced with the accent either on th 
penultimate or antepenultimate syllable ; the former, how 
ever, is the most general, especially among the poets 



i • 



BOLES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION 






SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



The true pronunciation of the Hebrew language, as Dr. Lowth observes, is lost. To reiar 
us for assistance to the Masoretic points, would be to launch us on a sea without shore or bot- 
tom : the only compass by which we can possibly steer on this boundless ocean is the Septu- 
agint version of the Hebrew Bible ; and as it is highly probable the translators transfused the 
sound of the Hebrew proper names into the Greek, it gives us something like a clew to guide 
us out of the labyrinth. But even here we are often left to guess our way ; for the Greek 
word is frequently so different from the Hebrew as scarcely to leave any traces of similitude 
between them. In this case custom and analogy must often decide, and; the ear must some- 
times solve the difficulty. But these difficulties relate chiefly to the accentuation of Hebrew 
words ; and the method adopted in this point will be seen in its proper place. 

I must here acknowledge my obligations to a very learned and useful work — the Scripture 
Lexicon of Mr. Oliver. As the first attempt to facilitate the pronunciation of Hebrew proper 
names, by dividing them into syllables, it deserves the highest praise ; but, as I have often dif- 
fered widely from this gentleman in syllabication, accentuation, and the sound of the vowels, 1 
iiave thought it necessary to give my reasons for this difference, which will be seen under the 
Rules ; of the validity of which reasons the reader will be the best judge. 

N.B. — As there are many Greek and Latin proper names in Scripture, particularly in the 
New Testament, which are to be met with in ancient history, some of them have been omit- 
ted in this selection; and therefore, if the inspector does not find them here, he is desired to 
seek for them in the Vocabulary of Greek and Latin Names. 



EDITOR'S ADVERTISEMENT. 



In the following Vocabulary, the letter s is marked as 2 in a few words, as, Israel, etc., 
according to Walker's principles, and the best usage as given by Smart, Knowles, and other 
orthoepists 



RULES FOR PRONOUNCING 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES, 



1. In the pronunciation of the letters of the Hebrew proper 
names, we find nearly the same rules prevail as in those of 
Greek and Latin. Where the vowels end a syllable with the 
accent on it, they have their long, open sound, as Na'lal, Je'hu, 
Si'rach, Go'shen, and Tu'bal. (See Rule 1st prefixed to the 
Greek and Latin Proper Names.) 

% When a consonant ends the syllable, the preceding vow- 
el is short, as Sam'u-el, Lem'u-el, Sim'e-on, Sol'o-mon, Sucfcoth, 
Syrta-gogue. (See Rule 2d prefixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper Names.) I here differ widely from Mr. Oliver ; for I 
can not agree with him that the e in Abdiel, the o in Arnon, 
and the u in Ashur are to be pronounced like the ee in seen, 
the o in tone, and the u in tune, which is the rule he lays 
down for all similar words. 

3. Every final i, forming a distinct syllable, though unac- 
cented, has the long open sound, as A'i, A-ris'a-i. (See Rule 
4th prefixed to the Greek arid Latin Proper Names.) 

4. Every unaccented i, ending a syllable, not final, is pro- 
nounced hke e, as A'ri-el, Ab'di-el, pronounced A're-el, Ab'deel. 
(See Rule 4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper Names.) 

5. The vowels ai are sometimes pronounced in one sylla- 
ble, and sometimes in two. As the Septuagint version is our 
chief guide in the pronunciation of Hebrew proper names, 
it may be observed, that when these letters are pronounced 
as a diphthong in one syllable, like our English diphthong in 
the word daily, they are either a diphthong in the Greek 
word, or expressed by the Greek t or i, as Ben-ai'ah, Bavaia ; 
Hu'shai, Xovai ; Hu'r'ai, Ovpl, &c ; and that when they are 
pronounced in two syllables, as Sham'ma-i, Shash'a-i, Ber-a-i'- 
ah, it is because the Greek words by which they are trans- 
lated, as Yaual "Zeau, Bapata, make two syllables of these 
vowels. Mr. Oliver has not always attended to this distinc- 
tion : he makes Sin'a-i three syllables, though the Greeks 
made it but two in Yiva. That accurate prosodist, Labbe, 
indeed, makes it a trisyllable; but he does the same by 
Aaron and Canaan, which our gr«at classic Milton uniform- 
ly reduces to two syllables, as well as Sinai. If we were to 
pronoimce it in three syllables, we must necessarily make 
the first syllable short, as in Shim'e-i ; but this is so contrary 
to the best usage, that it amounts to a proof that it ought to 
be pronounced in two syllables, with the first i long, as in 
Shi'nar. This, however, must be looked upon as a general 
rule only : these vowels in Isaiah, Grsecized by 'Haaiai , are 
always pronounced as a diphthong, or, at least, with the ac- 
cent on the a, and the i like y articulating the succeeding 
vowel ; in Caiaphas, likewise, the ai is pronounced li£<j a 
diphthong, though divided in the Greek Katyaas ; which di- 
vision can not take place in this word, because the i must 
then necessarily have the accent, and must be pronounced 
as in Isaac, as Mr. Oliver has marked it ; but I think contra- 
ry to universal usage. The only point necessary to be ob- 
served in the sound of this diphthong is, the slight difference 
we perceive between its medial and final position : when it 
is final, it is exactly like the English ay without the accent, 
as in holiday, roundelay, galloway ; but when it is in the mid- 
dle of a word, and followed by a vowel, the i is pronounced 
as if it were y, and as if this y articulated the succeeding 
vowel : thus Ben-ai'ah is pronounced as if written Ben-a'yah. 

6. Ch is pronounced like k, as Chebar, Cliemosh, Enoch, 
Sec, pronounced Kebar, Kemosh, Enoch, Sec Cherubim and 
Rachel seem to be perfectly Anglicized, as the ch in these 
words is always heard as in the English words cheer, child, 
riches, &c. (See Rule 12th prefixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper Names.) The same may be observed of Cherub, sig- 
nifying an order of angels ; but when it means a city of the 
Babylonish Empire, it ought to be pronounced Kef-rub. 

7. Almost the only difference in the pronunciation of the 
Hebrew, and the Greek and Latin proper names, is in the 
sound of the #• before e and i : in the last two languages, this 
consonant is always soft before these vowels, as Gellius, Gip- 
vius, Sec, pronounced Jellius, Jippius, &c. ; and in the first 
It is hard, as Gera, Gerizim, Gideon, Gilgal, Megiddo, Megid- 
don, Sec This difference is without all foundation in ety- 
mology ; for both g and c were always hard in the Greek 
and Latin languages, as well as in the Hebrew , but the lat- 
ter language being studied so much less than the Greek and 
Latin, it has not undergone that change which familiarity is 



sure to produce in all languages ; and even the solemn ins- 
tance of this language has not been able to keep the letter 
from sliding into s before e and i, in the same manner as in 
the Greek and Latin : thus, though Gehazi, Gideon, Sec, have 
the g hard, Cedrom, Cedron, Cisai, and Cittern have the t 
soft, as if written Sedrom, Sedron, Sic The same may be 
observed of Igeabarim, Igeal, Nagge, Shage, Pagicl, with the 
g hard ; and Ocidelus, Ocina, and Pharacion, with the c soft 
like s. 

8. Gentiles, as they arc- called, ending in ines and ites, as 
Philistines, Hivites, Hittites, Sec, being Anglicized in the trans- 
lation of the Bible, are pronounced like fonnatives of our 
own, as Philistins, Whitfieldites, Jacobites, Sec 

9. The unaccented termination ah, so frequent in Hebrew 
proper names, ought to be pronounced like the a in father 
The a in this termination, however, frequently falls into the 
indistinct sound heard in the final a in Africa, JEtna, Sec ; 
nor can we easily perceive any distinction in this respect be- 
tween Elijah and Elisha : but the final h preserves the other 
vowels open, as Colhozeh, Shiloh. Sec, pronounced Colhozee, 
Shilo, Sec (See Rule 7th prefixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper Names.) The diphthong ei is always pronounced like 
ee : thus Sa-mei'us is pronounced as if written Sa-mee'us. But 
if the accent be on the ah, then the a ought to be pronounced 
like the a in father ; as, Tah'e-ra, Tah'pe-nes, Sec 

10. It may be remarked, that there are several Hebrew 
proper names, which, by passing through the Greek of the 
New Testament, have conformed to the Greek pronuncia- 
tion ; such as Aceldama, Genesareth, Bethphage, Sec, pro- 
nounced Aseldama, Jenezareth, Bethphaje, Sec This is, in my 
opinion, more agreeable to the general analogy of pronounc- 
ing these Hebrew-Greek words than preserving the c and g 
hard. [In Genesareth the g is now usually made hard, as in 
give. — Ed.] 

Rules for ascertaining the English Quantity of the 
Vowels in Hebrew Proper Names. 

11. With respect to the quantity of the first vowel in dis- 
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, I have fol- 
lowed the rule which we observe in the pronunciation of 
such dissyllables when Greek or Latin words (see Rule 18th 
prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper Names) ; and that is, 
to place the accent on the first vowel, and to pronounce that 
vowel long, as Ko'rah, and not Kofah, Mo'loch, and not 
Mol'och, as Mr. Oliver has divided them, in opposition both 
to analogy and the best usage. I have observed the same 
analogy in the penultimate of polysyllables ; and have not 
divided Balthasar into Bal-thas'ar, as Mr. Oliver has done, 
but into Bal-tha'sar. 

12. In the same manner, when the accent is on the ante- 
penultimate syllable, whether the vowel end the syllable, or 
be followed by two consonants, the vowel is always short, 
except followed by two vowels, as in Greek and Latin prop- 
er names. (See Rules prefixed to these names, Nos. 18, 19, 
20, &c.) Thus Jehoshaphalhas the accent on the antepenulti- 
mate syllable, according to Greek accentuation by quantity 
(see Introduction to this work) ; and this syllable, according 
to the clearest analogy of English pronunciation, is short, as 
if spelled Je-hosh'a-phat. The secondary accent has the same 
shortening power in Othonias, where the primary accent is 
on the third, and the secondary on the first syllable, as if 
spelled Oth-o-ni'as; and it is on these two fundamental prin- 
ciples of our own pronunciation, namely, the lengthening 
power of the penultimate, and the shortening power of the 
antepenultimate accent, that I hope I have been enabled to 
regulate and fix many of those sounds which were floating 
about in uncertainty, and which, for want of this guide, are 
differently marked by different orthoepists, and often differ- 
ently by the same orthoepisL 

Rules for placing the Accent on Hebrew Proper 
Names. 

13. With respect to the accent of Hebrew words, it can 
not be better regulated than by the laws of the Greek lan- 
guage. I do not mean, however, that every Hebrew word 
which is Grsecized by the Septuagint should be accented ex 



6$ 



RULES FOR PRONOUNCING SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



actly according to the Greek rule of accentuation ; for, if 
this were the case, every word ending in el would never 
have the accent higher than the preceding syllable ; because 
it was a general rule in the Greek language, that, when the 
last syllable was long, the accent could not be higher than 
the penultimate ; nay, strictly speaking, were we to accent 
these words according to the accent of that language, they 
ought to have the accent on the last syllable, because A6Sifi\ 
and laparjX, Abdiel and Israel, have the accent on that sylla- 
ble. It may be said, that this accent on the last syllable is 
the grave, which; when on the last word of a sentence, or 
succeeded by an enclitic, was changed into an acute. But 
here, as in words purely Greek, we find the Latin analogy 
prevail ; and, because the penultimate is short, the accent is 
placed on the antepenultimate, in the same manner as in 
Socrates, Sosthe?ies, Sec, though the final syllable of the Greek 
words Xw/c/)«rr/f, HwaGLvrji, Sec, is long, and the Greek ac- 
cent on the penultimate. (See Introduction prefixed to the 
Rules for pronouncing Greek and Latin Proper Names.) It 
is this general prevalence of accenting according to the Latin 
analogy that has induced me, when the Hebrew word has 
been Grsecized in the same number of syllables, to prefer 
the Latin accentuation to what may be called our own. 
Thus Cathua, coming to us through the Greek Kadovd, I 
have accented it on the penultimate, because the Latins 
would have placed the accent on this syllable on account of 
its being long, though an English ear would be better pleased 
with the antepenultimate accent. The same reason ha3 in- 
duced me to accent Chaseba on the antepenultimate, because 
it is Grsecised into XaaeSd. But when the Hebrew and Greek 
word does not contain the same number of syllables, as Mes'- 
<>-bah, Mcv(i>6ta, Id'u-el, l6ovr]\ot, it then comes under our 
ewn analogy, and we neglect the long vowel, and place the 
accent on the antepenultimate. The same may be observed 
of Mordecai, from Mapdoxalos. 

14. As we never accent a proper name from the Greek 
on the last syllable (not because the Greeks did not accent 
the last syllable, for they had many words accented in that 
manner, but because this accentuation was contrary to the 
Latin prosody) ; so, if the Greek word be accented on any 
other syllable, we seldom pay any regard to it, unless it co- 
incide with the Latin accent. Thus in the word Gede'rah, I 
have placed the accent on the penultimate, because it is 
Grsecized by Yabnpa, where the accent is on the antepenult- 
imate ; and this because the penultimate is long, and this 
long penultimate has always the accent in Latin. (See this 
further exemplified, Rule 18th, prefixed to the Greek and 
Latin Proper Names, and Introduction, near the end.) Thus, 
though it may seem at first sight absurd to derive our pro- 
nunciation of Hebrew words from the Greeks, and then to 
desert the Greek for the Latin, yet, since we must have 
some rule, and, if possible, a learned one, it is very natural 
to lay hold of the Latin, because it is nearest at hand. For 
as language is a mixture of reasoning and convenience, if 
the true reason lie too remote from common apprehension, 
another more obvious one is generally adopted ; and this last, 
by general usage, becomes a rule superior to the former. It 
is true, the analogy of our own language would be a rule 
the most rational! but, while the analogies of our own lan- 
guage are so little understood, and the Greek and Latin lan- 
guages are so justly admired, even the appearance of being 
acquainted with them wDl always be esteemed reputable, 
and infallibly lead us to an imitation of them, even in such 
points as are not only insignificant in themselves, but incon- 
sistent with our vernacular pronunciation. 

15. It is remarkable that all words ending in ias and iah 
have the accent on the i, without any foundation in the 
analogy of Greek and Latin pronunciation, except the very 
vague reason that the Greek word places the accent on this 
syllable. I call this reason vague, because the Greek accent 
has no influence on words in ael, iel, ial, Sec, as l<jpafi\, 
A6$irj\ BfAi'aA, k. r. A. 

Hence we may conclude the impropriety of pronouncing 
Messias with the accent on the first syllable, according to 
Labbe, who says we must pronounce it in this manner if we 
wish to pronounce it like the French, with the os rotundum 
tt facundum ; and, indeed, if the i were to be pronounced in 



the French manner, like e, placing the accent on the first syl 
lable seems to have the bolder sound. This may serve as 
an answer to the learned critic, the editor of Labbe, who 
says, " the Greeks, but not the French, pronounce ore rotun- 
do ;" for though the Greeks might place the accent on the i 
in McGciaS, yet, as they certainly pronounced this vowel as 
the French do, it must have the same slender sound, and 
the accent on the first syllable must, in that respect, be pref- 
erable to it ; for the Greek i, like the same letter in Latin, 
was the slenderest of all the vowel sounds. It is the broad 
diphthongal sound of the English i with the accent on it 
which makes this word sound so much better in English 
than it does in French, or even in the true ancient Greek 
pronunciation. 

16. The termination aim seems to attract the accent on 
the a only in words of more than three syllables, as E'phra- 
im and Miz'ra-im have the accent on the antepenultimate ; 
but Ho-ro-na'im, Ram-a-tha'im, Sec, on the penultimate sylla- 
ble. This is a general rule ; but if the Greek word have the 
penultimate long, the accent ought to be on that syllable, as 
Phar-va'im, tyapovin, Sec 

17. Kemuel, Jemuel, Nemuel, and other words of the same 
form, having the same number of syllables as the Greek 
words into which they are translated, ought to have the ac- 
cent on the penultimate, as that syllable is long in Greek ; 
but Emanuel, Samuel, and Lemuel are irrecoverably fixed in 
the antepenultimate accentuation, and show the true analo- 
gy of the accentuation of our own language. 

18. Thus we see what has been observed of the tendency 
of Greek and Latin words to desert their original accent, and 
to adopt that of the English, is much more observable in 
words from the Hebrew. Greek and Latin words are fixed in 
their pronunciation, by a thousand books written expressly 
upon the subject, and ten thousand occasions of using them; 
but Hebrew words, from the remote antiquity of the lan- 
guage, from the paucity of books in it, from its being origin- 
ally written without points, and the very different style ol 
its poetry from that of other languages, afford us scarcely 
any criterion to recur to for settling their pronunciation, 
which must, therefore, often be irregular and desultory. 
The Septuagint, indeed, gives us some light, and is the only 
star by which we can steer ; but this is so frequently ob- 
scured as to, leave us in the dark, and force us to pronounce 
according to the analogy of our own language. It were to 
be wished, indeed, that this were to be entirely adopted in 
Hebrew words, where we have so little to determine us ; 
and that those words which we have worn into our own 
pronunciation were to be a rule for all others of the same 
form and termination ; but it is easier to bring about a rev 
olution in kingdoms than in languages. Men of learning wjJJ 
always form a sort of literary aristocracy ; they will ba 
proud of the distinction which a knowledge of languages 
gives them above the vulgar, and will be fond of showing 
this knowledge, which the vulgar will never fail to admire 
and imitate. 

The best we can do, therefore, is to make a sort of com- 
promise between this ancient language and our own; to 
form a kind of compound ratio of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, 
and English, and to let each of these prevail as usage has 
permitted them. Thus Emanuel, Samuel, Lemuel, which, ac- 
cording to the Latin analogy and our own, have the accent 
on the antepenultimate syllable, ought to remain in quiet 
possession of their present pronunciation, notwithstanding 
the Greek E/^avour/A, £a//ou>jA, AefxovrjX ; but Elishua, Es' 
drelon, Gederah, may have the accent on the penultimate, 
because the Greek words into which they are translated, 
EXtaovi, EoSpr/Xu/x, Td6rjpa, have the penultimate long. Ii 
this should not appear a satisfactory method of settling the 
pronunciation of these words, I must entreat those who dis- 
sent from it to point out a better. A work of this kind was 
wanted for general use ; it is addressed neither to the learned 
nor the illiterate, but to that large and most respectable part 
of society who have a tincture of letters, but whose avoca- 
tions deny them the opportunity of cultivating them. To 
these a work of this kind can not fail of being useful ; 
and by its utility to these the author wishes to stand of 
falL 



PRONUNCIATION 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



INITIAL VOCABULARY. 



*«* When a word is succeeded by a word printed in 
Italics, this latter word is merely to spell the former as 
tt ought to be pronounced. Thus, As'e-fa is the true pro- 
nunciation of the preceding word Adi-pha ; and so of the 
rest 

*** The figures annexed to the words refer to the rules 
prefixed to the Vocabulary. Thus, the figure 3 after Ab'di 
refers to Rule the 3d for the pronunciation of the final i ; 
and the figure 5 after A-bish'a-i refers to Rule the 5th for 



the pronunciation of the unaccented ai ; and so of the 
rest. 

%* For the quantity of the vowels indicated by the syl- 
labication, see Nos. 18 and 19 of the Rules for Greek and 
Latin Proper Names. 

%* [In a few instances, the pronunciation of Perry, Trol- 
lope, Carr, or Fulton and Knight, is given below; but in 
general it has been thought undesirable to multiply diversi- 
ties of pronunciation. — Ed.] 



AB 


AC 


AD 


AD 


AH 


A'A-LAR 


Ab'i-dan 


Ac'cad 


Ad'a-da or Ad'a-dah 9 


A-don-i-be'zek 


Aa'ron 1 5 


AT>i-el* 4 12 


Ac'ca-ron 


Ad-ad-e'zer 


Ad-o-ni'jah 15 


Ab 


A-bi-e'zer 12 


Ac'cho 6 


Ad-ad-rim'mon 


A-don'i-kam 


Ab'a-cue 


A-bi-ez'rite 


Ac'cos 


A'dah 


A-don-i'ram 


Ab'a-dah 


Ab'i-gail 


Ac'coz 


Ad-a-i'ah 9 15 


A-don-i-ze'dek 


A-bad'don 


Ab'i-gal 


A-cel'da-ma 10 


Ad-a-li'a 15 


A-do'ra 9 


Ab-a-di'as 15 


Ab-i-ha'il 


A-sel'da-ma 


Ad'am 


Ad-o-ralm 16 


A-bag'tha 


A-biTiu 


A'chab 6 


Ad'a-ma or Ad'a-mah 


A-do'ram 


Al>al 


A-bilmd 


A'chad 


Ad'a-mi 3 


A-dram'e-lech 


Ab'a-na 2 9 


A-bi'jah 9 


A-chal-a 5 


Ad'a-mi Ne'keb 


A'dri-a 2 9 12 


Ab'a-rim 3 


A-bi'jam 


A-cha'i-chua 


A'dar 1 


A'dri-el 13 


Ab'a-ron 


Ab-i-le'ne 


A'chan 6 


Ad'a-sa 9 


A-du'el 13 


Ab'ba 9 


A-bim'a-el 13 


A'char 


Ad'a-tha 9 


A-dullam 


AVda 


A-bim'e-lech 8 


A'chaz 6 


Ad'be-el 13 


A-dum'mim 


Ab'di 3 


A-bin'a-dab 


Aclrhor 


Ad'dan 


A-e-di'as 12 15 


Ab-di'as 15 


A-bin'o-am 


A-chi-ach'a-rus 6 12 


Ad'dar 


jE'gypt 


Ab'di-el 4 13 


A-bi'ram 


A'chim 6 


Ad'di 3 


iE-ne'as.— Virgil. 


Ab'don 


A-bi'rom 


A-chim'e-lech 6 


Ad'din 


iE'ne-as.T— Acts, 9 


A-bed'ne-go 


A-bis'a-i 5 


A'chi : or 


Ad'do 


jE'non 


ATjel 1 


Ab-i-se'i 


A-chi'ram 


Ad'dus 


iE'nos 


ATjel Beth-ma'a-cah 


Ab'i-shag 
A-bish'a-har 


A'chish 


A'der 1 


Ag'a-ba 


ATjel Ma'im 


Ach'i-tob or Achl-tub 


Ad'i-da 


Ag'a-bus 


ATjel Me-holath 


A-bish'a-i 5 


A-chifo-phel 


A'di-el 13 


A'gag 1 11 


AT)el Miz'ra-im 16 


A-bish'a-lom 


A-kito-fel 


A'din 


A'gag-ite 


A'bel Shif tim 


A-bish'u-a 13 


Ach'me-tha 


Adl-na 9 


A'gar 


Ab'e-san 11 


Ab'i-shur 


A'chor 


Ad'i-no 


Ag-a-renes' 


Ab'e-sar 13 


Ab'i-sum 


Ach'sa 9 


Ad'i-nus 


Age-e 7 


A'bez 


Ab'i-tal 


Ach'shaph 


Ad'i-tha 9 


Ag-ge'us 7 


Ab'ga-rus T? 


Ab'i-tub 


Ach'zib 6 


Ad-i-thalm 16 


Ag-noth-ta'bor 


Kbi 3 


A-bi'ud 


Ac'i-pha 


Adla-i 5 


A'gur 
ATiab 


A-bi'a or A-bi'ah 


Ab'ner 


As'e-fa 7 


Ad'mah 


A-bi-aVbon 12 


A'bram or ATsra-ham 5 


Ac'i-tho 


Ad'ma-tha 


A-har'ah 9 


A-bi'a-saph 


Ab'sa-lom 


A-cu'a 13 


Ad'na 9 


A-har'al 


A-bi'a-thar 


A-buTjus 


A'cub 11 


Ad'nah 9 


A-has'a-i 5 


A'bib 


Ac'a-ron 


Ada 


Ad'o-nai 6 5 


A-has-u-e'rus 


A-bi'dah 9 


Ac'a-tan 


A'dad 


Ad-o-ni'as 15 


A-ha'va 



i Aaron. — This is a word of three syllables in Labbe, who 
«ays it is used to be pronounced with the accent on the pe- 
nultimate ; but the general pronunciation of this word in 
English is in two syllables, with the accent on the first, and 
as if written A'ron. Milton uniformly gives it this syllabica- 
tion and accent : 

" Till by two brethren (those two brethren call 
Moses and Aaron) sent from God to claim 
His people from inthralment" — Par. Lost, b. xii., v. 170. 
a [A-ba'na.— P.] 

3 Abarim. — This and some other words are decided in 
their accentuation by Milton in the following verses : 

41 From Aroar to Nebo, and the wild 
Of southmost Abarim, in Hesebon, 
And Horonaim, Seon's realm, beyond 
The flowery dale of Sibma, clad with vines, 
And Eleale, to th' Asphaltic pool." 

Par. Lost, b. i., v. 407. 
" Yet his temple high 
Rear'd in Azotus, dreaded through the coast 



Of Palestine, in Gath and Ascalon, 
And Accaron and Gaza's frontier bounds." — lb., 465. 
* [A-bi'el— P.] 

5 Abram or Abraham. — The first name, of two syllables, 
was the patriarch's original name, but God increased it to 
the second, of three syllables, as a pledge of an increase in 
blessing. The latter name, however, from the feebleness 
of the h in our pronunciation of it, and from the absence 
of the accent, is liable to such a hiatus, from the proximity 
of two similar vowels, that, in the most solemn pronuncia- 
tion, we seldom hear this name extended to three syllables. 
Milton has but once pronounced it in this manner, but has 
six times made it only two syllables ; and this may be looked 
upon as the general pronunciation. 

6 Adonai. — Labbe, says his editor, makes this a word of 
three syllables only ; which, if once admitted, why, says he, 
should he dissolve the Hebrew diphthong in Sadai, Sinai, 
Tolmai, &c, and at the same time make two syllables of the 
diphthong in Casleu, which are commonly united into one ? 
In this, says he, he is inconsistent with himself. — See S*vu 

i [M-ne-as.— P.] 



70 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



AL 


AN 


AR 


AR 


A/haz 


A-le'meth 


An-a-i'ah 5 15 


Ar-a-bat'ti-ne 


A-haz'a-i 5 


Al-ex-an'dri-a 


A'nak 


A-ra'bi-a 


A-ha-zi'ah 15 


Al-ex-an'dri-on 


An'a-kims 


A'rad 


AhT>an 


A-li'ah 


A-nam'e-lech 6 


A'rad-ite 8 


ATier 


A-li'an 


An'a-mim 


Ar'a-dus 


Alii 3 


Al-le-lu'jah 


A'nan 


A'rah 1 


A-hi'ah 


Al-le-lu'yah 5 


Anra'ni 


A'ram 


A-hi'am 


Al'lom 


An-a-ni'ah 15 


A'ran 


A-hi-e'zer 


AHon BacTiuth 


An-a-ni'as 


Ar'a-rat 


A-hinud 


Al-mo'dad 


A-nan'i-el 13 


A-rau'nah 


A-hi'jah 


Al'mon Dib-la-lhalm 15 


A'nath 


ArTia or ArT)ah 


A-hi'kam 


Al'na-than 


A-nath'e-ma 2 


Artal 


A-hilud 


Aloth 


An'a-thoth 


Ar-baftis 


A-him'a-az 


Al'pha 


An'a-thoth-ite 8 


Ar-bela (in Syria) 


A-hi'man 


Al-phe'us 


An'drew 


Arabella 


A-him'e-lech 


Al-ta-ne'us 


An-dro-ni'cus or 


ArT)ite 8 


A-hwie-lek 


Al-tas'chith 6 


An-dron'i-cus 


Ar-bo'nai 5 


A-hi'moth 


Al'te-kon 


A'nem or A'nen 


Ar-cbe-la'us 


A-hin'a-dab 


Alush 


A'ner 


Ar-ches'tra-tus 


A-hin'o-am 


Al'vah or Al'van 


A'nes 


Ar'che-vites 8 


A-hi'o 


A'mad 


A'neth 


Ar'chi 3 


A-hi'ra 9 


A-mad'a-tha 


A'ni-am 


Ar-ehi-atfa-roth 


A-hi'ram 


A-mad'a-thus 


A'nim 


Ar-€hip'pns 


A-hi'ram-ites 8 


A'mal 


An'na 9 


Arch'ites 8 


A-his'a-mach 6 


A-mal'da 


An'na-as 


Ard 


A-hish'a-hur 


Am'a-lek 


An'nas 


Ar'dath 


A-hi'sham 


Am'a-lek-ites 8 


An-nu'us 13 


Ard'ites 8 


A-hi'shar 


A'man 


An-ti-lib'a-nua 


Ar'don 


A-hi'tob 


Aai'a-na 


An'ti-och 6 


A-reli 3 


A-hifo-pfael 


Am-a-ri'ah 15 


An-ti'o-chis 


A-relitea 


A-hi'tub 


Am'a-sa 


An-ti'o-chus 


A-re-op'a-gite 8 


A-hi'ud 


A-mas'a-i 5 


An'ti-pas 


A-re-op'a-gus 3 


Ahlah 


Am-a-shi'ah 15 


An-tip'a-tris 


A'res 


AMai 5 


Am-a-the'ia 


An'ti-pha 


Ar-e'tas 


A-ho'e or A-ho'ah 


Am'a-this 


An-to'ni-a 


A-re'us 


A-ho'ite 8 


Am-a-zi'ah 


An-to-thi'jah 15 


Ar'gob 


A-holah 


A'men' 1 


An'toth-ite 8 


Ar-gol 
A-nd'a-i 5 


A-horba 


A'mi 3 


A'nub 


A-hol'bah 


A-min'a-dab 


A'nus 


A-rid'a-tha 


A-hoTi-ab 


A-mit'tai 5 


Ap-a-me'a 


A-ri'eh 9 


A-hol'i-bah 9 


A-miz'a-bad 


Aph-a-ra'im 16 


A'ri-el 4 12 


A-ho-lib'a-mah 


Am-mad'a-tha 


A-phar'sath-cbites 


Ar-i-ma-the'a 


A-hu'ma-i 5 


Am'mah 


A-phar'sites 8 


A'ri-och 4 


A-hu'zam 


Am'mi 3 


A'phek 


A-ris'a-i 5 


A-huz'zah 


Am-midl-oi 4 


A-pheftah 


Ar-ia-to-bulua 


A1 3 


Am'mi-el 4 


A-pher'e-ma 


Ark'ites 


A-i'ah 15 


Am-mrnud 


A-pher'ra 


Ar-ma-ged'don 


A-i'ath 


Am-mi-shad'da-i 5 


A-phi'ah 15 


Ar-mi-shad'a-i 


A-i'ja 


Am'mon 


Aph'rah 


Ar'mon 


A-i'jah 


Am'mon-ites 


Apb'ses 


Ar'nan 


Ai'ja-lon 


Am'non 


A-poc'a-lypse 


Ar'ne-pher 


Ad'ja-lon 


A'mok 


A-poc'ry-pha 


Ai^non 


Aij'e-leth Similar 


A'mon 


A-pollos 


A'rod 


Ad'je-leth 


Am'o-rites 8 


A-polly-on 


Ar'o-di 3 


A'in 5 


A'mos 


A-pol'yon 


Ar'o-er 


A-i'oth 


Am'pli-as 


Ap'pa-im 15 


A'rom 


A-i'rus 


Am'ram 


Ap'phi-a 3 


Ar*pad or Ar*phad 


Aj'a-lon 


Am'ram-ites 8 


Aphe-a 


Ar-pbax'ad 


Aklcub 


Am'ran 


Ap'phus 


Ar'sa-cea 


Ak-rab'bim 


Am'ra-phel 


Aph'us 


Ar'te-maa 


A-lam'e-lech 6 


Am'zi 3 


Aq'ui-la 


Ar'u-both 


Al'a-meth 


A'nab 


Ar 


A-ru'mah 13 


ATa-moth 


An'a-el 11 


Vra 


ArVad 


Al'ci-mus 


A'nah 


A'rab 


ArVad-ites 8 


Al'e-ma 


An-a-ha'rath 


Ar'a-bah 


Ar'za 



AS 



A'sa 

As-a-di'as 

As'a-el 13 

As'a-hel 

As-a-i'ah 5 

As'a-na 

A'saph 

As'a-pbar 

As'a-ra 

A-sar'e-el 11 

As-a-relah 

As-baz'a-reth 

As'ca-lon 

A-se'as 

A-seb-e-bi'a 15 

As-e-bi'a 

As'e-nath 

A'ser 

A-se'rar 

Ash-a-bi'ah 15 

A'shan 

Aslrbe-a 

AshT^el 

Ashnbel-ites 8 

Ash'dod 

Ash'doth-ites 8 

Ash'dotb Pis'gah 

A'she-an 

Asb'er 

Ash'i-math 

Ash'ke-naz 

Ash'nah 

A'shon 

Ash'pe-naz 

Asb'ri-el 13 

Asb'ta-rotb 

Ash'ta-roth-ites 8 

Ash'te-moth 

A-shu'ath 

Ash'ur 

A-sbu'rim 13 

Ash'ur-ites 8 

A'si-a 

A'she-a 

As-i-bi'as 15 

A'si-el 13 

As'i-pba 

AsTte-lon 

As'ma-dai 4 5 

As'ma-veth 

As-mo-de'us 

As-mo-ne'ans 

As'nah 

As-nap'per 

A-so'ehis 6 

A'som 

As'pa-tba 

As'pbar 

As-phar'a-sus 

As'ri-el 13 

As-sa-bi'as 15 

As-saTi-mofh 

Aa-sa-ni'as 15 

As-si-de'ans 13 

As'sir 



1 Amen. — The only simple word in the language which 
aa8 necessarily two successive accents. 

2 Anathema. — Those who are not acquainted with the pro- 
found researches of verbal critics would be astonished to ob- 
serve what waste of learning has been bestowed on this word 
by Labbe, in order to show that it ought to be accented on 
the antepenultimate syllable. This pronunciation has been 
adopted by English scholars ; though some divines have been 
heard, from the pulpit, to give it the penultimate accent, 
which so readily unites it in a trochaic pronunciation with 
Maranatha, in the first Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians : 
"If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be 
Anathema maranatha" 

3 Areopagus.— There is a strong propensity in English 
readers of the New Testament to pronounce this word with 
the accent on the penultimate syllable ; and even some 
foreign scholars have contended that it ought to be so pro- 
nounced, from its derivation from "ApeioS iraydv, the Doric 
dialect for nriyfiv, the fountain of Mars, which was on a hill 
in Athens, rather than from "Apzios -Kayos, the hill of Mars. 
But Labbe very justly despises this derivation, and says that, 
of all the ancient writers, none have said that the Areopagus 
was derived from a fountain, or from a country near to a 
fountain ; but all have confessed that it came from a hill, 
or the summit of a rock, on which this famous court of 
judicature was built. Vossius tells us that St. Augustine, De 



Civ. Dei, 1. x., cap. 10, calls this word pagum Martis, the Vil 
lage of Mars, and that he fell into this error because the Lat- 
in word pagus signifies a village or street ; but, says he, the 
Greek word signifies a hill, which, perhaps, was so called 
from -Kay a or irtiyfj (that is, fountain), because fountains usu- 
ally take their rise on hills. Wrong, however, as this deri 
vation may be, he tells ue it is adopted by no less scholars 
than Beza, Budasus, and Sigonius. And this may show us 
the uncertainty of etymology in language, and the security 
of general usage ; but in the present case, both etymology 
and usage conspire to place the accent on the antepenulti- 
mate syllable. Agreeably to this usage, we find the pro 
logue to a play observe, that 

41 The critics are assembled in the pit, 
And form an Areopagus of wit." 
* Asmadai. — Mr. Oliver has not inserted this word, trot 
we have it in Milton : 

■"On each wing 
Uriel and Raphael his vaunting foe, 
Though huge, and in a rock of diamond arm'd, 
Vanquish'd, Adramelech and Asmadai." 

Par. Lost, b. vL, v. 365. 
Whence we may guess the poet's pronunciation of it in three 
syllables ; the diphthong sounding like the ai in daily— See 
Rule 5, and the words Sinai and Adonai. 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



71 



BA 

tls'sos 

As'ta-rotb 

As-tar'te 

Aa'tath 

A-sup'pim 

A-syn'cri-ttL8 

A'tad 

Afa-rah 

A-tar'ga-tis 

Afa-roth 

A'ter 

At-e-re-zi'as 15 

A'thack 

Ath-a-i'ah 15 

Ath-a-li'ah 15 

Ath-a-ri'as 15 

Ath-e-nolu-us 

Ath'ens 

Athlai 5 

Afroth 

Atftai 5 

At-ta-li'a 15 

Afta-lus 

At-fhar'a-tes 

Au'gi-a 4 

Au-ra-ni'tis 

Au-ra'nus 

Au-te'ua 

A'va 

Av'a-ran 

A'ven 

A'vim 

A'vims 

A'vites 8 

A'vith 

Az-a-elua 

A'zah 

A'zal 

Az-a-li'ah 15 

Az-a-ni'ah 15 

A-za'phi-on 

Az'a-ra 

A-za're-el 

Az-a-ri'ah 15 

Az-a-ri'as 15 

A'zaz 

A-za'zel 1 

Az-a-zi'ah 15 

Az-baz'a-reth 

Azlmk 

A-zeltah 9 

A'zel 

A'zem 

Az-e-phu'rith 

A'zer 

A-ze'tas 

Az*gad 

A-zi'a 15 

A-zi'e-i 

A'zi-el 13 

A-zi'za 

Az'ma-veth 

A.z'mon 

Az'noth TaT)or 

A'zor 

A-zo'tus 

Az'ri-el 13 

Az'ri-kam 

A-zu'bah 

A'zur 

Az'u-ran 

Az'y-mites 

Az'zah 

Az'zan 

Az'zur 



B. 



BA'AL or Bel 
Ba'al-ah 



BA 


BE 


BE 


CA 


Ba'al-ath 


Ba'ahan or Bas'san 


Be-ro'thath 


Be'zer or Boz'ra 


Ba'al-ath Be'er 


Ba'sban Ha'voth Fa'ir 


Beryl 


Be'zeth 


Ba'al Be'rith 


Baab'e-matb 


Ber-zelus 


Bi'a-taa 


Ba'al Gad 


Baslith 


Be'zai 5 


Bich'ri 3 6 


Ba'al Ham'on 


Bas'math 


Bes-o-dei'ah 9 15 


Bidlcar 


Ba'al Han'an 


Baa'sa 


Be'sor 


Bigtha 


Ba'al Ha'zor 


Baa'ta-i 5 


Be'tah 


Big'than 


Ba'al Her'non 


Bafa-ne 


Be'ten 


Big'tha-na 


Ba'al-i 3 


Bath 


Beth-ab'a-ra 


Big'va-i 5 
BU'dad 


Ba'al-lm. — Milton. 


Bath'a-loth 


Beth-ab'a-rah 9 


Ba'al-is 


Bath-rabTjim 


Beth'a-nath 


Bil'e-am 


Ba'ai-le 


Bath'abe-ba 


Beth'a-noth 


BO'gah 


Ba'al Me'on 


Bath'ahu-a 13 


Beth'a-ny 


Bil'ga-i 5 


Ba'al Pe'or 


Bav'a-i 5 


Beth'a-ne 


BilTia or BilTiah 


Ba'al Per'a-zim 


Be-a-li'ah 15 


Beth-afa-bah 9 


Billian 


Ba'al Shal'i-sha 


Be'a-loth 


Beth'a-ram 


Bil'shan 


Ba'al Ta'mar 


Be'an 


Beth-ar'bel 


Bimlial 


Ba'al Ze'bub 


Beb'a-i 5 


Beth-a'ven 


Bin'e-a 9 


Ba'al Ze'phon 


Be'cher 


Beth-az'ma-veth 


Bin'nu-i 3 14 


Ba'a-na 


Be'ker 6 


Beth-ba-al-me'on 


Bir'sha 


Ba'a-nah 


Bech-o'rath 


Beth-ba'ra 


Bir'za-vith 


Ba'a-nan 


Bech'ti-leth 


Beth-ba'rah 9 


Bishlam 


Ba'a-nath 


Be'dad 


Beth'ba-ai 3 


Bi-thi'ah 15 


Ba-a-ni'as 15 


Bed-a-i'ah 15 


Beth-bir'e-i 3 


Bith'ron 


Ba'a-ra 


Be-el-i'a-da 


Beth'car 


Biz-i-jo-thi'ah 15 


Ba'a-sha* 9 


Be-el'sa-rus 


Beth-da'gon 


Biz-i-jo-thi'jah 


Ba'a-shah 


Be-el-teth'mus 


Beth-dib-la-tha'iin 


Biz'tha 


Ba-a-si'ah 15 


Be-el'ze-bub* 


Beth'el 


Blaa'tua 


Ba'bel 


Be'er 


Beth'el-ite 


Bo-a-ner'gea 


Bain 3 


Be-e'ra 


Beth-e'mek 


Bo'az or Bo'oz 


Bab'y-lon 


Be-e'rah or Be'rah 


Be'ther 


Boc'caa 


Ba'ca 


Be-er-elim 


Be-thes'da 


Boch'e-ru 6 


Bac-cbu'rus 


Be-e'ri 3 


Beth-e'zel 


Bo'chim 6 


Bacb'ritea 8 


Be-er-la-ha'i-roi 


Beth-ga'der 


Bolian 


Bacb'uth Allon 


Be-e'roth 


Beth-ga'mul 


Bos'cath 


Ba-go'as 


Be-e'roth-itea 8 


Beth-hac'ce-nm 7 


Bo'aor 


Bag'o-i 3 5 
Ba-ha'rum-ite 8 


Be-er'she-ba 5 


Beth-kakfser-im 


Bos'o-ra 


Be-e8h'te-rah 


Beth-ha'ran 


Bos'rah 9 


Ba-bu'rim 


Be'he-moth 


Beth-hoglah 9 


Bo'zez 


Ba'jitb 


BeTiah 9 


Beth-ho'ron 


Boz'rah 


Bak-bak'er 


Bela 


Beth-jea'i-moth 


Brig'an-dine 


Bakl>uk 


Belah 


Beth-leb'a-oth 


Buk'ki 3 


Bak-buk-i'ah 15 


Bela-ites 8 


Bethle-hem 


Buk-ki'ah 15 


Balaam 16 


Bel'e-mua 


Bethle-hem Eph'ra-tah 


Bui, rhymes dull 


Ba'lam* 


Bel'ga-i 5 


Bethle-hem Ju'dah 


Bu'nah 


Bal'a-dan 


Beli-al 13 


Bethle-hem-ite 8 


Bun'ni 3 


Balah 9 


Bel'ma-im 16 


Beth-lo'mon 


Buz 


Balak 


Bel'men 


Beth-ma'a-cah 9 


Bu'zi 3 


Bal'a-mo 


Bel-shaz'zar 


Beth-m ar'ca-both 


Buz'ite 8 


Bal'a-nus 


Bel-te-ahaz'zar 


Beth-me'on 




Bal-tha'sar 11 
Ba'mah 


Ben 

Be-nalah (-a'yah) 5 


Beth-nim'rah 9 
Beth-o'ron 






Ba'moth 


Ben-am'mi 3 


Beth-palet 


C. 


Ba'motb Ba'al 


Ben-eb'e-rak 


Beth-paz'zer 


Ban 


Ben-e-ja'a-kam 


Beth-pe'or 




Ban-a-i'as 15 


Ben'ha-dad 


Beth'pha-ge6 12 
Beth'fa-je 10 


CAB 


Ba'ni 3 


Ben-ha'il 


Cab'bon 


Ba'nid 


Ben-ha'nan 


Beth'phe-let 


Cab'ham 


Ban'nus 


Ben'i-nu 


Beth'ra-bah 9 


CalraL— See But, 


Ban'u-as 


Ben'ja-min 


Beth'ra-pha 9 


Cad'dis 


Ba-rabl)as 


Ben'ja-mite 8 


Beth're-hob 


Ca'dea 


Bar'a-chel 6 


Ben'ja-mites 


Beth-sa'i-da 7 9 


Ca'deah 


Bar-a-cbi'ah 15 


Be-nu'i 3 14 


Beth'aa-moa 


Cai'a-phas 5 


Bar-a-ehi'as 


Be'no 


Beth'shan 


Cain 


Ba'rak 


Be-no'ni 3 


Beth-ahe'an 


Ca-i'nan 9 


Bar-ce'nor 


Ben-zolieth 


Beth'ahe-mesh 


Cai'ritea 8 


Bar'go 


Be'on 


Beth-shiftah 9 


Calah 


Bar-hu'mites 8 


Be'or 


Beth'si-moa 


Cal-a-mol'a-luB 


Ba-ri'ah 15 


Be'ra 


Beth-su'ra 14 


Cal'a-mua 


Bar-je'sus 


Ber'a-chah 6 9 


3eth-tap'pu-a 


Cal'col 


Bar-jo'na 


Ber-a-ehi'ah 15 


Be-thu'el 14 


Cal-deea' 


Barkos 


Ber-a-i'ah 15 


3e'thul 


Caleb 


Bar'na-baa 


Be-re'a 


3eth-u-li'a 5 


Caleb Eph'ra-tah 


Ba-ro'dia 


Be'red 


Beth'zor 


Cal'i-taa 


Bar'aa-bas 


Be'ri3 


Beth'zur 


Cal'neth 


Bar'ta-cus 


Be-ri'ah 15 


3e-toli-us 


Cal'no 


Bar-thol'o-mew 


Be'rites 8 


3et-o-mea'tham 


Cal'phi 3 


Bar-ti-me'us 


Be'rith 


Befo-nim 


Cal'va-ry 


Ba'rucb 6 


3er-ni'ce 


Be-ulah 


Cal'va-re 


Bar-zilla-i 5 


3ero'dach Bal'a-dan 


Je'zai 5 


2a'mon 


Bar-zti'lai (Eng.) 


3e'roth 


Je-zal'e-el 8 


Ua'na 


Bas'ca-ma 


3er'o-thai 5 


Be'zek | 


Ca'naan 10 (ka'na») 



- Azazel— This word is not in Mr. Oliver's Lexicon ; but 
Milton makes use of it, and places the accent on the second 
syllable : 

" That proud honor claim'd 
Azazd as his right; a cherub tall." 

Par. Lost, b. i., v. 534. 
« [Ba-a'sha.— P., T.] 
s See Canaan, Aaron, and Israel. 
* \Beel'iebui.— F. & K.] 5 [BcerSheba — F. & K.] 



6 Bethphage. — Thia word is generally pronounced by the 
illiterate in two syllables, and without the second h, as U 
written Beth'page. [Perry makes but two syllables of thia 
word (Beth'phage), sounding the h. — Ed.] 

7 [Beth-sai'da.— P.] a [Beta-lcel—P., F. <fc K.l 
» [Cai'nan.— P.] 

10 Canaan. — This word is not unfrequently pronounced 
in three syllables, with the accent on the second. But Mil 
ton, who in hia Paradise Lost haa introduced this word si* 



P2 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES, 



CH 

Ca'naan-ites 8 
Can'da-ce or 

Can'dace (P.) 
Can'neh 9 
Can'nee 
Can'veh 9 
Can'vee 

Ca-per'na-umi i 
Caph-ar-sal'a-ma 
Ca-phen'a-tha 9 
Ca-phi'ra 9 
Caph'tor 
Caph'to-rim 
Caph'to rims 
Cap-pa-do'ci-a 
Cap-pa-d(/she-a 
Car-a-ba'si-on 
Car-a-ba'ze-on 
Car'cha-mis 6 
Car'che-mish 6 
Ca-re'ah 9 
Ca'ri-a 
CarTcas 
Car-ma'ni-ans 
Car'me 
Car'mel 
Car'mel-ite 8 
Car'mel-it-ess 
Car'mi 3 
Car'mitea 3 
Car'na-im 15 
Car'iri-on 
Car'pus 
Car-she'na 
Ca-siph'i-a 
Casleu 
Caslu-bim 
Cas'phor 

Cas'pis or Cas'phin 
Ca-thu'ath 13 
Ce'dron 7 
Ceilan 
Ce-le-mi'a 9 
Cen'chre-a 6 
Cen-de-be'us 
Cen-tu'ri-on 
Ce'phas 
Ce'rae 
Ce'teb 
Cha^ris* 6 
Cha'di-as 
Chae're-as 
Chal'ce-do-ny 
Chal'col 
Chal-de'a 
Cha'nes 
Chan-nu-ne'us 
Char-a-ath'a-lar 
Char'a-ca 
Char'a-sim 
Char'cus 
Cha're-a 
Cbar'mia 
Char'ran 
Chas'e-ba 13 
CheTjar 6 
Ched-er-la'o-mer 3 
Chelal 
Chel'ci-aa 
Kel'she-as 
Chel1i-ana 
Chellub 
Chellua 
Cheaod 
Chelub 
Che-lu'bai 5 
Che-hYbar 



CO 


DI 


EL 


EL 


Chem'a-rims 


Co'sam 


Diklah or Dil'dah 


E-le-aleh 9 


Che'mosh 


Cou'tha 


DiTe-an 


E-le-a'le.~ Milton. 


Che-na'a-nah 9 


Coz 


Dim'nah 


E-le'a-sah 9 


Chen'a-ni 3 


CozTai 3 


Di'mon 


E-le-a'zer 


Chen-a-ni'ah 15 


Cres'cens 


Di-mo'nah 9 


E-le-a-zu'rus 


Che'phar Ha-am'mo- 


Cre'tans 


Di'nah 9 


El-eJoTie Is'ra-el 


nai 5 


Crete 


Di'na-itea 8 


E-leu'the-rus 


Che-phi'rah 6 9 


Cretes 


Dinlia-bah 9 


El-eu-za'i 3 5 


Che'ran 


Cre'ti-ans 


Di-otfre-phes 6 


El-ha'nan 


Che're-as 


Cre'she-ans 


Di'shan 


Eli 3 


Cher'eth-ims 


CuTrit 


Di'shon 


E-li'ab 


Cher'eth-ites 8 


Cush 


Diz'a-hab 


E-U'a-da 


Che'rith or Che'rish 


Cu'shan 


Do'cus 


E-li'a-dat 


Cher'ub (tsher'ub) 6 


Cu'shanRish-a-thalm 15 


Dod'a-i 5 


E-li'a-dun 


Che'rub (a town) 


Cu'shi 3 


Dod'a-nim 


E-h'ah 9 


Ke'rub 


Cuth or Cuth'ah 


Dod'a-vah 9 


E-li'ah-ba 9 


Cher'u-bim 6 


Cu'the-an8 


Do'do 


E-li'a-kim 


Ches'a-lon 


CyVmon 


Do'eg 


E-li'a-li 3 


Che'sed 


Cy-re'ne 


DophTsah 9 


E-li'am 


Che'sil 


Cy-re'ni-us 


Dor 


E-h'as 15 


Che'sud 
Che-suWoth 




Do'ra 


E-li'a-saph 
E-li'a-shib 




Dor'cae 


Cheftim 


D. 


Do-rym'e-nes 


E-li'a-sis 


Che'zib 


Do-sith'e-ua 


E-h'a-tha or E-li'a-fhat 


Chi'don 




Do'tha-im or Do'than 16 


E-li-a'zar 


Chi-li'on* 


DAB'A-REH 9 


Du'mah 9 


E-li'dad . 


Chille-ab 


Dab'ba-sheth 


Du'ra 


Eli-el 13 


Chil'mad 
ChimTiam 


Dab'e-rath 
Da'bri-a 




E-li-e'na-i 5 
E-li-e'zer 




Chisleu, Cas'leu, or 


Da-coTri 3 


E. 


E-Mia-ba 


Cisleu 


Dad-de'us 


El-i-hse'na 5 


Chislon 


Da'gon 




El-i-ho'reph 


Chisloth Ta^or 


Dai'san 5 


E'A-NAS 


E-liliu (Eng. El'i-hu/ 


Chiftim 


Dal-a-i'ah 5 


E'bal 


E-li'jah 9 


Chi'un 


Dal'i-lah 


Eted 


El'i-ka 


Chlo'e 


Dal-ma-nu'tha 


E-bed'me-lech 


Elim 


Cho'ba 


Dal'phon 


Eb-en-e'zer 


E-hm'e-lech 6 


Cbo-ra'sin, or Chora'- 


Dam'a-ria 


E1)er 


E-li-oe'na-i 5 


ehan, or Cho-ra'zin 


Dam-a-scenes' 


E-bi'a-saph 


E-li-o'nas 


Chos-a-me'u8 


Dan 


E-bro'nah 


El'i-phal 


Cho-ze'ba 


Danl-el 13 


E-ca'nus 


E-liph'a-leh 9 


Christ 


Dan'ites 8 


Ec-bafa-na 


E-li'phaz? 


Chub 6 


Dan-ja'an 


Ec-cle-si-as'teB 


E-liph'e-let 


Kub 


Dan'nah 


Ec-cle-si-as'ti-cuB 


E-hs'a-beth 


Chun 


Dan'o-brath 


Ed 


El-i-Bse'ua 


Chu'sa or Chu'za 


Da'ra 


E'dar 


El-i-Be'us 


Chush'an Rish-a-tha'- 


Dar'da 


E'den 


E-li'sha 9 


im 15 


Da'ri-an 


E'der 


E-li'shah 


Chu'si 


Darlcon 


E'des 


E-lish'a-ma 


Cin'ner-eth or Cin'ner- 


Da'than 


E'di-ae 


E-liBh'a-mah 


oth 


Dath'e-mah or 


Ed'na 


E-lish'a-phat 


Cir'a-ma 


Dath'mah 


E'dom 


E-Ush'e-ba 


Ci'sai 5 


Da'vid 


E'dom-itea 8 


El-i-shu'a 13 


Cisleu 


DeTrir 


Ed're-i 3 


E-lie'i-mua 


Cith'e-rus 


Deb'o-rah 9 


Eglah 


E-li'u 


Ciftims 


De-cap'o-lis 


Egla-im 16 


E-li'ud 


Clau'da 


De'dan 


Eglon 


E-hz'a-phan 


Cle-a'sa 


Ded'a-nim 


a$ 


E-li'zur 


Clem'ent 


Ded'a-nim9 


EVka-nah 


Cle'o-phas 


De-ha'vites 8 


ETmd 


El'ko-shite 8 


Clo'e 


DeTrar 


E1cer 


Ella-aar 


Cni'dus 


Del-a-i'ah 5 


Ek're-bel 


El'mo-dam 


Nidus 


Del'i-lah 


Ek'ron 


El'na-am 


Col-ho'zeh 9 


De'mas 


Ek'ron-ites 8 


El'na-than 


Colli-us 


DerTje 


Ela 


Elon 


Co-los'se 


Des'sau 


El'a-dah 


E'lon Bethlia-nor 


Co-los'8i-an8 


De-u'el 17 


Elah 


Elon-itea 8 


Co-losh'e-ans 


Deu-ter-on'o-my 


Elam 


Eloth 


Co-rii'ah 15 


DiMa-im 16 


Elam-ites 8 


El'pa-al 


Con-o-ni'ah 


DiMath 


El'a-sah 9 


El'pa-let 


Co'os 


Di'bon 


Elath 


El-pa'ran 


Cor 


DrT)on Gad 


El-beth'el 


El'te-keh 9 


Corlsan 


Dib'ri 3 


El'ci-a 


El'te-keth 


Cor'be 


Dib'za-hab or Diz'a-hab 


El'she-a 


El'te-kon 


Co're 


Di'drachm 


El'da-ah 


El'to-lad 


Corinth 


Di'dram 


El'dad 


Elul 


Co-rin'thi-ans 


Did'y-mus 6 


Ele-ad 


E-lu'za-i 5 



times, has constantly made it two syllables, with the accent 
on the first. This is perfectly agreeable to the syllabication 
and accentuation of Isaac and Balaam, which are always 
heard in two syllables. This suppression of a syllable in 
the latter part of these words arises from the absence of ac- 
cent : an accent on the second syllable would prevent the 
hiatus arising from the two vowels, as it does in Baal and 
Baalim, which are always heard in two and three syllables 
respectively. — See Adonai. [Both Perry and Fulton and 
Knight make but two syllables of this word.— Ed.] 

1 Capernaum. — This word is often, but improperly, pro- 
nounced with the accent on the penultimate. 

3 Ckabris.-*-Ch is pronounced like k, unless marked to 
the contrary. 



3 [Ched-er-la-o'mer.— P.] 

4 [Chil'i-on.— T.] 

5 Deborah.— The learned editor of Labbe tells us that thla 
word has the penultimate long, both in Greek and Hebrew, 
and yet he observes that our clergy, when reading the 
Holy Scriptures to the people in English, always pronounce 
it with the accent on the first syllable ; " and why not," says 
he, " when they place the accent on the first syllable of ora- 
tor, auditor, and successor ?" " But," continues he, " I sup- 
pose they accent them otherwise when they speak Latin H 
Who doubts it? 

e [Di-o-treph'es.— P.] 
' [El'i-phaz.—?.— Sm.] 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



73 






ET 


GA 


GI 


HA 


HA 


El-y-mals 


E'than 


Ga'za 


Gi'nath 


Hal-le-lu'jah 


EVy-mas 


Eth'a-nim 


Gaz'a-bar 


Gin'ne-tho 


Hal-le-lu'yah 
Hal-lo'esh 


El'za-bad 


Ethlia-al 


Ga-za'ra 


Gin'ne-thon 


El'za-phan 


Ether 


Ga'zath-ites 8 


Gir'ga-shi 3 


Ham 


Em-al-cu'el 17 


Eth'ma 


Ga'zer 


Gir'ga-shitea 8 


Ha'man 


E-man'u-el 17 


Eth'nan 


Ga-ze'ra 13 


Gia'pa 9 


Ha'math or He'm&th 


E'mims 


Eth'ni 3 


Ga'zez 


Gittah He'pher 


Ha'math-ite 8 


Em'ma-us 1 


Eu-as'i-bus 


Gaz'ites 8 


Gifta-im 15 


Ha'math Zoliah 


Em'mer 


Eu-bulus* 


Gaz'zam 


Giftite 


Ham'math 


E'mor 


Eu'na-than 


Gelja 7 


Gif titea 8 


Ham-med'a-tha 


E'nam 


Eu-ni'ce or Eu'nlce 


Gel>al 


Giftith 


Ham'e-lech 6 


E'nan 


Eu-o'di-as 


Geljar 


Gi'zo-nite 8 


Ham'i-tal 


En'dor 


Eu-pol'e-mu8 


Gelier 


Glede 


Ham-mol'e-keth 


E'ne-as* 


Eu-rocly-doD 


Geljim 


Gni'dua 


Ham'mon 


En-eg-lalm 16 


Eu'ty-chus 


Ged-a-li'ah 15 


Nidus 


Ham'o-nah 


En-e-mes'sar 


Eve 


Ged'dur 


Go'ath 


Ha'mon Gog 


E-ne'ni-as 


E'vi 3 


Ge'der 


Gob 


Ha'mor 


En-gan'nim 


E'vil Mer-o'dacb 5 


Ge-de'rah 14 


Gog 
Golan 


Ha'moth 


En'ge-di 7 or 


Ex'o-dus 


Ged'e-rite 8 


Ha'moth Dor 


En-gedl (O.) 
En-had'dah 9 


E'zar 


Ge-de'roth 13 


Gol'go-tha 


Ha-mu'el 17 


EzTja-i 3 5 


Ged-e-roth-a'im 16 


Go-h'ah 9 


Ha'mul 


En-hakko-re 


EzTjon 


Ge'dir 


Go-U'ath 


Ha'mul-ites 8 


En-ha'zor 


Ez-e-cbi'as 


Ge'dor 


Go'mer 


Ha-mu'tal 


En-mi8h'pat 
E'noch 6 


Ez-e-ki'aa 


Ge-ha'zi 7 13 


Go-mor'rah 


Ha-nam'e-el 13 


E-ze'ki-el 13 


Gel'i-loth 


Go'pher wood 


Ha'nan 


E'nock 


E'zel 


Ge-malli 3 


Gor'gi-aa 


Ha-nan'e-el 13 


E'non 


E'zem 


Gem-a-rfah 15 


Gofje-as 


Han'a-ni 3 


E'nos 


E'zer 


Gen-ne'ua 


Gor'ty-na 


Han-a-ni'ah 15 


E'nosh 


Ez-e-ri'as 15 


Ge-ne6'a-reth 7 


Go'shen 


Ha'nea 


En-rim'mon 


E-zi'as 15 


Gen'e-sis 


Go-thonl-el 13 


Hanl-el 13 


En-ro'gel 13 


E'zi-ou GeTaar or 


Jen'e-sis 


Go'zan 


Han'nah 9 


En'ehe-mesh 


E'zi-on-ge'ber 


Ge-ne'zar 13 


Gral)a 


Han'na-thon 


En-tap'pu-ah 9 


Ez'nite 8 


Gen'tiles 8 


Gre'ci-a 9 


Han'ni-el 13 


Ep'a-phras 


Ez'ra 


Jen'tiles 


Gre'she-a 


Ha'noch 


E-paph-ro-di'tus 


Ez'ra-bite 8 


Gen-uljath 


Gud'go-dah 


Ha'noch-itea 8 


E-pen'e-tus 


Ez'ri 3 


Ge'on 


Gu'ni 3 


Ha'nun 


E'phah 


Ez'ri-el 13 


Ge'ra 


Gu'nitea 8 


Haph-a-ralm 15 


E'phai 5 


Ez'ril 


Ge'rah 9 


Gur 


Ha'ra 


E'pher 


Ez'ron or Hez'ron 


Ge'rar 


Gur-ba'al 


Har'a-dah 9 


E'phes-dam'min 


Ez'ron-ites 8 


Ger'a-sa 9 




Har-a-i'ah 15 


Ephlal 
E'phod 




Ger'ga-shi 3 




Ha'ran 
Ha'ra-rite 8 




Ger'ga-shites 8 


H. 


E'phor 


G.' 


Ger-ge-senes' 8 


Har-bo'na 


Eph'pha-tha 


Gerl-zim 7 




Har-bo'nah 


E'phranm 16 




Ger'rae-ans 


HA-A-HASHTA-RI 


Ha'reph 


E'phra-im-ites 8 


GA'AL 


Ger'rin-i-ans 


Ha-balah 5 


Ha'reth 


Eph'ra-tah 3 


Ga'ash ■ 


Ger'shom 


Hab'ak-kuk» 


Harlias 


Eph'rath 


GaTia 


Ger'shon 


Hab-a-zi-ni'ah 15 


Harlia-ta 9 


Eph'rath-ites 8 
E*phron 


Gab'a-el 13 


Ger / 8hon-itea 8 


Ha-ber'ge-on 


Harliur 


Gab'a-tha 


Ger'shur 


Hal»or 


Ha'rim 


Er 


Gabljai or -al 5 


Ge'sem 


Hach-a-li'ah 15 


Ha'riph 


E'ran 


Gabl)a-tha 


Ge'shan 


Hachl-lah 


Har'ne-pher 


E'ran-itea 8 


Gal>ri-a8 


Ge'shem 


Hach'mo-ni 3 


Ha'rod 


E-ras'tus 


Ga-bri-el 13 


Ge'shur 


Hach'mo-nite 8 


Ha'rod-ite 8 


E'rech 6 


Gad 


Gesh'u-ri 3 


Ha'da 


Har'o-eh 9 


E'ri 3 


Gad'a-ra 


Gesh'u-ritea 8 


Ha'dad 


Ha'ro-rite 8 


E'sa 


Gad-a-renes* 8 


Ge'thur 


Had-ad-e'zer 


Har'o-sheth 


E-salas (E-zcfyas) 5 


Gad'des 


Geth-o-h'a8 15 


Ha'dad Rim'mon 


Har'sha 9 


E'sax-had'don 


Gad'di-el 13 


Geth-sem'a-ne 


Ha'dar 


Ha'rum 


E'sau 


Ga'di 3 


Ge-u'el 17 


Had'a-ehah 


Ha-ru'maph 


Es'dras 


Gadltea 8 


Ge'zer 


Ha-das'8a 9 


Ha-ru'phite 8 


Es-drelon 13 


Gali am 


Ge'zer-itea 8 


Ha-das'sah 


Ha'ruz 


Es'e-bon 


Galiar 


Gi'ah 


Ha-daftah 9 


Has-a-di'ah 15 


E-seTn-i-as 


Gal-us 


Gibl>ar 


Ha'did 


Has-e-nu'ah 13 


E'sek 


Gdyus 


Giblie-thon 


Hadla-i 5 


Hash-a-bi'ah 15 


Esb/ba-a] 


Gal'a-ad 


Gib'e-a 9 


Ha-do'ram 


Hash-ab'nah 9 


Esh'ban 


Galal 


Gib'e-ah 9 


Ha'drach 6 


Hash-ab-ni'ah 15 


Esh'col 


Gal'e-ed 


Gib'e-ath 


Ha'gab 


Hash-bad'a-na 9 


E'she-an 


Gal'ga-la 
Gall-lee 


Gib'e-on 


HagVbah 9 


Ha'shem 


E'shek 


Gib'e-on-itea 8 


Hag-a-i 5 


Hash-mo'nah 9 


Esb/ka-lon 


Gallim 


Giblitea 8 


Ha'gar 


Ha'shum 


Eeh'ta-ol 


Galli-o 


Gid-dal'ti 3 


Ha-gar-enes' 8 


Ha-shu'pha 9 


Esh'tau-lites 8 


Gam'a-el 13 


Gid'del 


Ha'gar-ites 8 


Has'rah 


Esh-tem'o-a 


Ga-mali-el 13 


Gid'e-on 7 


Hag-ga-i 5 


Has-se-na'ah 9 


Eah'te-moth 


Gam'ma-dim8 


Gid-e-o'ni 3 


Hag-ge-ri 3 


Ha-su'pha 9 
Ha'tach 6 


Esh'ton 


Ga'mul 


Gi'dom 


Hag*gi3 


Esli 3 


fear 


Gi'er Ea'gle 


Hag-gi'ah 15 


Ha'tack 


Es-ma-chi'ah 15 


Ga'reb 


Jrfcr Eagle 


Hag-gites 8 


Ha'thath 


E-so'ra 


Garl-zim 


GiTion 


Hag'gith 
Hal 5 


Hatl-ta 


Es'ril 


Garlnitea 8 


Gil'a-lai 5 


Haftil 


Es'rom 


Gash'mu 


Gill)0-a8 


Haklta-tan 


Hatti'pha 


Es-senea' 8 


Ga'tam 


Gil'e-ad 


Hakltoz 


Haftush 


Estfha-ol 


Gath 


Gil'e-ad-ite 8 


Ha-ku'pha 13 


Hau'ran 


Es'ther 


Gath He'pher 


GU'gal 7 


Halah 9 


HaVi-lah 9 


Es'ter 


Gath Rim'mon 


Giloh 9 


Halac 


Ha'voth Jalr 


E'tam 


Gaulan 


Gilo-nite 8 


Hali 3 


Ha'za-el 13 


E'tham 


Gaulon 


Gim'zo 


Hallul 


Ha-zai'ah 5 



i Emmaus. — This word is often very improperly pro- 
nounced in two syllables, aa if divided into Em'maus. 
a [E-ne'as.— P.] 
» \Eph-raltah.— P.] 



* [Eu'bu-lus.— P.] * [Evil Me/o-dach.—?.] 

6 The letter G has the hard sound, aa in give, except wheL 
marked as soft. 

7 [Gil-bo'a.— -P.] • [Ha-baWltuk is more commnn.l 



74 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



HE 
Ha'zar Ad'dar 
Ha'zar E'nan 
Ha'zar Gad'dah 
Ha'zar Hafti-con 
Ha'zar Ma'veth 
Ha-za'roth 
Ha'zar Shu'el 
Ha'zar Su'sah 
Ha'zar Su'sim 
Ha'zel El-po'ni 3 
Ha-ze'rim 
Ha-ze'roth 
Ha'zer Shu'sim 
Haz'e-zon Ta'mar 
Ha'zi-el 13 
Ha'zo 
Ha'zor 
Haz'u-bah 9 
HeTjer 
HeTser-ites 8 
Hebrews 
He'bron 
HeT)ron-ite8 8 
Hega-i 5 
He'ge 7 
Helah 9 
Helam 
Hel1>ah 9 
HelTion 
Hel-chi'ah 15 
Hel'da-i 5 
Heleb 
Heled 
Helek 
Helek-ites 8 
Helem 
Heleph 
Helez 
Heli3 
Helka-i 5 
Helkath 

Hel'kath Haz'zu-rim 
Hel-ki'as 15 
Helon 
He'man 

He'math or Ha'math 
Hem'dan 
Hen 
He'na 9 
Hen'a-dad 
He'noch 6 
He'pher 
He'pher-ites 8 
Heph'zi-bah 9 
He'ram 
He'res 
He'resh 
Her'maa 
Her-mog'e-nea 
Her'mon 
Her'mon-ites 8 
Her'od 
He-ro'di-an 
He-ro'di-ans 
He-ro'di-aa 
He'seb 
He'sed 
HeshTjon 
Hesh'mon 
Hetb 
HetMon 
Hez'e-M 3 
Hez-e-ki'ah 15 
He'zer or He'zir 
He-zi'a 
He'zi-on 
Hez'ra-i 5 
Hez'ro 
Hez'ron 



HU 


IS 


JA 


JE 


Hez'ron-ites 8 


Huz 


Is'ra-el 1 


Jable-el-ites 8 


Hid'da-i 5 


Hu'zoth 


Is'ra-el-ites 8 


Jah'ma-i 5 


Hid'de-kel 


Huz'zab 


Is'sa-char 


Jah'zab 9 


Hi'el 


Hy-das'pea 


Is-tal-cu'rua 13 


Jab'ze-el 13 


Hi-er'e-el 13 


Hy-e'na 9 


Is'u-i 3 13 


Jab'ze-el-ites 8 


Hi-er'e-moth 


Hy-men-e'ua 


Is'u-itea 8 


Jah'ze-rah 9 


Hi-er-i-elus 




Ifa-ly 


Jah'zi-el 13 


Hi-er'mas 




Itb'a-i or If a-i 5 


Ja'ir 


Hi-er-on'y-mua 


I. 


Itb'a-mar 


Ja'ir-ites 8 


Hig-ga'ion 5 
Hilen 


Ith'i-el 13 


Ja'i-rus2 (Ja'e+ug) 
Ja'kan 




Ith'mah 9 


HU-ki'ah 15 


IB'HAR 


Ith'nan 


Ja'keh 9 


HiHel 


Ible-am 


Ith'ra 9 


Ja'kun 


Hin 


Ib-nei'ah 9 


Ith'ran 


JakTrim 


Hin'nom 


Ib-ni'jah 9 


Itb're-am 


Jalon 


Hi'rah 


Ib'ri 3 


Ith'rites 8 


Jam'brea 


Hi'ram 


Ib'zan 


Iftah Ka'zin 


Jam'bri 3 


Hir-ca'nus 


Ieb'a-bod 


Ifta-i5 


James 


His-ki'jah 15 


I-co'ni-nm 


It-u-re'a 13 


Ja'min 


Hiftites 8 


Id'a-lan 9 


I'vah 


Ja'min-itea 8 


Hi'vites 8 


Id'baab 


Iz'e-har 13 


Jamlecb 6 


Holja or HoTjab 


Id'do 


IzTiar 


Jam'na-an 


Ho'bab 


Id'u-el 13 


IzTiar-ite 8 


Jam-ni'a 9 


Hod 


Id-u-mse'a 9 


Iz-ra-hi'ah 15 


Jam'nites 8 


Hod-a-i'ah 15 


Id-u-maa'ana 


Iz'ra-hite 


Jan'na 9 


Hod-a-vi'ah 15 


I'gal 


Iz-ra-i'ah or Is-ra-i'ah 9 


Jan'nes 


Ho-de'va 9 


Ig-da-li'ah 15 


Iz're-el 13 


Ja-no'ah 9 


Ho-de'vah 9 


Ig-e-ab'a-rim 7 


Iz-ri 3 


Ja-no'bah 9 


Ho-di'ah 15 


Ig'e-al 7 


Iz'ritea 8 


Ja'num 


Ho-di'jah 15 
Ho'dish 


I'jon 
Ikkesh 




Ja'phet 




Ja'phetb 


Hoglah 


Ilai 5 


J. 


Ja-phi'ah 15 


Holiam 


Im 


Japhlet 


Holen 


Imlah 9 




Japhle-ti 3 


Hol-o-fer'nea 


Im'mah 9 


JA'A-KAN 


Ja'pbo 


Holon 


Im-man'u-el 17 


Ja-ak'o-bah 9 


Jar 


Ho'man or He'man 


Im'mer 


Ja-ala 


Ja'rah 9 


Ho'mer 


Im'na or Im'nab 


Ja-alah 9 


Ja'reb 


Hopb'ni 3 


Im'rab 


Ja-a1am 


Ja'red 


Hoph'rah 


Im'ri 3 


Ja'a-nai 5 


Jar-e-si'ah 15 


Hor 


I-o'ta 9 


Ja-ar-e-or'a-gim 


Jarlia 9 


Hor-a-gid'dad 


Iph-e-dei'ah 15 


Ja-aa-a-ni'a 


Ja'rib 


Ho'ram 


Ir 


Ja'a-sau 


Jar'muth 


Ho'reb 


I'ra 


Ja-a'si-el 13 


Ja-ro'ah 9 


Ho'rem 


I'rad 


Ja-a'zah 9 


Jas'a-el 13 


Ho'ri 3 


['ram 


Ja-az-a-ni'ah 15 


Ja'sbem 


Ho'rima 


I'ri 3 


Ja-a'zar 


Ja'sben 


Ho'rites 8 


[-ri'jah 15 


Ja-a-zi'ah 15 


Ja'sher 


Hor'mah 


[r'na-hash 


Ja-a'zi-el 13 


Ja-sbo'be-am 


Hor-o-nalm 15 


I'ron 


JaToal 


Jasb'ub 


Hor'o-nitea 8 


Ir-pe-el 13 


Jab'bok 


Jasb'u-bi Leliem 


Ho'sa or Has'ah 


Ir-sbe'misb 


Ja^esb 


Jash'ub-ites 8 


Ho-aan'na 


I'ru 


Ja*bez 


Ja'si-el 13 


Ho-se'a, Ho-ie'a 9 


['sa-ac 


JaTjm 


Ja-suTras 


Hoab-a-i'ah 15 


Tidk 


Jab'ne-el 13 


Ja'tal 


Hosb'a-ma 


[-sa'iah (Lza'yah) 5 


Jab'neh 9 


Jatb'ni-el 13 


Ho-abe'a 8 


[a'cah 


Ja'chan 


Jaftir 


Ho'tham 


[a-cai^i-ot 


Ja'cbin 


Ja'van 


Ho'than 


[a'da-el 13 


Ja'cbin-itea 8 


Ja'zar 


Ho'thir 


Isbljah 9 


Ja'cob 


Ja'zer 


Hukkok 


IsM>ak 


Ja-co'bua 13 


Ja'zi-el 13 


Hul 


Ish'bi Be'nob 


Ja'da 


Ja'ziz 


Hul'dah 9 


[shljo-sbetb 


Jad-du'a 9 


Je'a-rim 


Hum'tab 


I'shi 3 


Ja'don 


Je-at'e-rai 5 


Hu'pham 


I-sbi'ah 15 


Ja'el 


Je-ber-e-cbi'ah 15 


Hu'pham-itea 8 


I-8bi'jah 15 


Ja'gur 


JeTjua 


Hup'pah 


Isb'ma 9 


Jab 


Je-bu'ai 3 


Hup'pim 


Isb'ma-el 13 


Ja-hale-el 13 


Jeb'u-site8 8 


Hur 


Ish'ma-el-itea 8 


Ja-hal'e-lel 13 


Jec-a-mi'ah 15 


Hu'rai 5 


Iab-ma-i'ab 15 


JaTiatb 


Jec-o-U'ah 15 


Hu'ram 


Isb'me-rai 5 


Ja'haz 


Jec-o-ni'ah 15 


Hu'ri 3 


1'shod 


Ja-ha'za 


Je-da'ia 5 9 


Hu'shab 9 


Ish'pan 


Ja-ha'zah 9 


Je-da'iah 5 


Hu'shai 5 


Isb'tob 


Ja-ha-zi'ab 15 


Jed-de'us 


Hu'sham 


Isb'u-a 9 


Ja-ha'zi-el 13 


Jed'du 


Hu'abatb-ite 8 


Isb'u-ai 5 


Jab'da-i 5 


Jed-e-dT'ab 


Hu'shhn 


Is-ma-cbi'ah 15 


Jah'di-el 13 


Je-dei'ah 9 


Hu'shub 


Is-ma-i'ab 15 


Jah'do 


Je-di'a-el 13 


Hu-shu'bah 9 


Is'pab 


Jable-el 


Jed'i-ah * 



1 Israel. — Thia word is colloquially pronounced in two 
syllables, and not unfrequently heard in tbe same manner 
from the pulpit. The tendency of two rowels to unite, when 
there is no accent to keep them distinct, is the cause of this 
corruption, aa in Canaan, Isaac, &c. ; but aa there is a 
greater difficulty in keeping separate two unaccented vow- 
els of tbe same kind, so the latter corruption is more excus- 
able than the former ; and, therefore, in my opinion, this 
word ought always in public pronunciation, eepecially in 
Teading the Scripture, to be heard in three syllables. Mil- 
ton introduces thia word four timea in hia Paradise Lost, and 
constantly makes it two syllables only. But those who un- 



derstand English prosody know that we have a great num- 
ber of words which have two distinct impulses that go for 
no more than a single syllable inverse, such as heaven, given, 
&c. : higher and dyer are always considered as dissyllables; 
and hire and dire, which have exactly the same quantity to 
the ear, but as monosyllables. Israel, therefore, ought al- 
ways, in deliberate and aolemn speaking, to be heard in 
three syllables. The same may be observed of Raphael and 
Michael. 
3 [Ja-i'rus.— Carr and Trollope, the Greek being 'Idtt 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



7b 



JE 

Je'di-el 13 

Jed'u-tbun 

Je-eli 3 

Je-e'zer 

Je-e'zer-itea 8 

Je'gar Sa-ha-du'tha 

Je-hale-el 13 

Je-hal'e-lel 13 

Je-ha'zi-el 13 

Jeh-dei'ah 9 

Je-hei'el 9 

Je-hez'e-kel 

Je-hi'ah 9 

Je-hi'el 

Je-hi'e-li 3 

Je-hish'a-i 5 

Je-his-ki'ah 15 

Je-ho'a-dah 

Je-ho-ad'dan 

Je-ho'a-haz 

Je-ho'ash 

Je-ho'ha-dah 9 

Je-holia-nan 

Je-hoi'a-chin 6 

Je-hoi'a-da 

Je-hoi'a-kim 

Je-hoi'a-rib 

Je-hon'a-dab 

Je-hon'a-than 

Je-ho'ram 

Je-ho-shab'e-ath 

Je-hosh'a-phat 12 

Je-hosh'e-ba 

Je-hosh'u-a 

Je-ho'vah 

Je-ho'vah Ji'reth 

Je-ho'vah Nis'si 

Je-ho'vah Shallom 

Je-ho'vah Sham'mah 

Je-ho'vah Tsidte-nu 

Je-hoz'a-bad 

JeTm 

Je-hubljah 

Jeliu-cal 

JeTiud 

Je-hu'di 3 13 

Je-hu-di'jah 15 

JeTmsh 

Je-i'el 

Je-kab'ze-el 13 

Jek-a-me'am 

Jek-a-mi'ah 15 

Je-ku'thi-el 13 

Jem'i-ma 1 

Je-mu'el 17 

Jeph'thah 

Je-phun'neh 

Je'rah 

Je-rahm'e-el 13 

Je-rahm'e-el-ites 

Jer'e-chua 6 

Je'red 

Jer'e-mai 5 

Jer-e-mi'ah 15 

Jer'e-moth 

Jer'e-mouth 

Je-ri'ah 15 

Jerl-bai 5 

Jerl-cho 6 

Je'ri-el 13 

Je-ri'jah 15 

Jerf-moth 

Je'ri-oth 

Jer-o-bo'am 

JerVdon 

Jer'o-ham 

Je-rubTja-al 

Je-rub'e-sheth 

Jer'u-el 17 

Je-ru'sa-lem 

Je-ru'sha 13 

Je-salah 5 

Jesh-a-i'ah 5 

Jesh'a-nah 

Jesh-ar'e-lah 

Jesh-eb'e-ab 

Jesh-eb'e-ah 9 

Je'sher 

Jesh'i-moD 

J«-shish'fr4 5 



JO 
Jesh-o-ha-i'ah 15 
Jesh'u-a 13 
Jesh'u-run 
Je-si'ah 15 
Je-sim'i-el 
Jes'se 
Jea'u-a 13 
Jes'u-i 3 
Je'sus 
Je'ther 
Je'theth 
Jethlah 
Je'thro 
Je'tur 
Je'u-el 13 
Je'ush 
Je'uz 
JeWry 
Jez'a-bel 
Jez-a-ni'ah 15 
Je-zelus 
Je'zer 

Je'zer-ites 8 
Je-zi'ah 15 
Je'zi-el 11 
Jez-li'ah 15 
Jez'o-ar 
Jez-ra-hi'ah 15 
Jez're-el 13 
Jez're-el-ite 8 
Jez'-re-el-i-tess 
Jib'sam 
Jidlaph 
Jim 

Jimla or Imla 
Jim'na or Jim'nah 
Jim'nites 8 
Jiph'tah 
Jiph'thah-el 
Jo'ab 
Jo'a-chaz 
Jo-a-da'nus 
Jo'ah 
Jo'a-haz 
Jo'a-kim 
Jo-an'na 
Jo-an'nan 
Jo'ash 
Jo'a-tham 
Jo-a-zab'dus 
Job 
Jobe 
Jolaab 

Joch'e-bed 6 
Jo'da 9 
Jo'ed 
Jo'el 

Jo-elah 9 
Jo-e'zer 
JogT)e-ah 
JogTi 
JoTia 9 
Jo-ha'nan 
John 
Jon 

Joi'a-da 9 
Joi'a-kim 
Joi'a-rib 
Jok'de-am 
JoTiim 
Jok'me-an 
Jok'ne-am 
Jok'shan 
Jok'tan 
Jok'the-el 13 
Jo'na 9 
Jon'a-dab 
Jo'nah 9 
Jo'nan 
Jo'nas 
Jon'a-than 
Jo'nath Elim Re-cho'- 

chim 6 
Jop'pa 
Jo'ra 
Jo'ra-i 5 
Jo'ram 
Jor'dan 
Jort-bas 
Jo'rim 



KI 


LO 


MA 


Jor'ko-am 


KirTie-reBh 


Lo'ia 


Jos'a-bad 


Kir'i-eth or Kir'jath 


Lo Ruha-mah 


Jos'a-phat 


Kirl-oth 4 


Lot 


Jos-a-phi'as 15 


Kir'jath Art»a 


Lo'tan 


Jo'8e 


Kir'jath A'im 


Loth-a-su'bua 13 


Jos'e-dech 6 


Kir'jath A'rim 


Lo'zon 


Jo'se-el 13 


Kir'jath A'ri-U3 


Lu'bim 


Jo'seph 


Kirjath Ba'al 


Lu'bima 


Jo-ee'phua 


Kir'jath Hu'zoth 


Lu'cas 


Jo'ses 


Kir'jath Je'a-rim 


Lu'ci-fer 


Josh'a-bad 


Kir'jath San'nah 


Lu'ci-us 


Jo'shah 9 


Kir'jath Se'pher 


Lud 


Josh'a-phat 


Kish 


Lu'dim 


Josh-a-vi'ah 15 


Kish'i 3 


Lu'hith 


Josh-bek'a-sha 


Kish'i-on 4 


Luke 


Josh'u-a 9 


Ki'shon or Ki'son 


Luz 


Jo-si'ah 15 


Kithaish 


Lyc-a-o'ni-a 


Jo-si'as 


Kifron 


Lyc'ca 


Jos-i-bi'ah 15 


Kiftim 


Lyd'da 


Jos-i-phi'ah 


Ko'a 9 


Lyd'i-a 


JotT)ah 9 


Ko'hath 


Ly-sa'ni-aa 


Jofbath 


Koliath-itea 


Lyal-a 9 


Jort>a-tha 


Kol-a-i'ah 15 


Lish'e-a 


Jo'tham 


Ko'rah 14 


Lys'i-ae 


Joz'a-bad 


Ko'rah-itea 8 


Lysh'e-as 


Joz'a-char 6 


Ko'rath-ites 


Lys'tra 


Joz'a-dak 
Ju'bal 


Ko're 
KorOiite 






Ju'cal 


KorTiites 


M 


Ju-dae'a 


Korttes 8 


Ju'dah 9 


Koz 




Ju'daa 


Kush-ai'ah 5 


MA'A-CAH 9 


Jude 




Ma'a-chah 6 


Ju'dith 




Ma-ach'a-thi 3 




Ju'el 


L. 


Ma-ach'a-thites 8 


Juli-a 


Ma-ad'ai 5 


Ju'ni-a 




Ma-a-di'ah 15 


Ju-shabTie-sed 


LA'A-DAH 9 


Ma-a'i 5 


Jus'tus 


La'a-dan 


Ma-al'eh A-crabljim 


Juftah 9 


La'ban 


Ma'a-nai 5 




Lab'a-na 9 

La'chish 


Ma'a-rath 
Ma-a-sei'ah 9 




K. 


La-cu'nus 13 


Ma-a-si'ah 15 


La'dan 


Ma'ath 




La'el 


Ma'az 


KAB 


LaTiad 


Ma-a-zi'ah 15 


Kab'ze-el 13 


La-hai'roi 


Mab'da-i 5 


Ka'des 


Lah'man 


Mac'a-lon 


Ka'desh or Ca'deah 


Lah'ma8 


Mac-ca-bge'ua 


Ka'desh Bar'ne-a 


Lah'mi 3 


Mac'ca-beea 


Kad'mi-el 13 


La'ieh 


Mach'be-nah 


Kad'mon-ites 8 


La'kum 


MachTje-nai 5 


Kalla-i 5 


La'mech 6 


Mach-heloth 


Ka'nah 9 


Lapl-doth 


Ma'chi 3 6 


Ka-re'ah 9 


La-se'a 9 


Ma'chir 


KarTia-a 9 


La'shah 


Ma'chir-ite3 8 


Kartor 


La-sha'ron 


Mach'maa 


Kar'na-im 16 


Las'the-nes 


Mach-na-deljai a 


Kar'tah 9 


Laz'a-rus 


Mach-pelah 6 


Kar'tan 


Le'ah 9 


Ma'cron 


Ke'dar 


Leb'a-nah 9 


Mad'a-i 5 


Ked'e-mah 9 


Leb'a-non 


Ma-di'a-bun 


Ked'e-moth 


I.eb'a-oth 


Ma-di'ah 15 


Ke'desh 


Leb-be'us2 13 


Ma'di-an 


Ke-hel'a-thah 9 


Le-bo'nah 9 


Mad-raan'nah 


Keilah 9 


Le'chah 


Mad-me'nah 


Ke-la'iah 5 


Le'ha-bim 


Ma'don 


Kel'i-ta 


Lelii 


Ma^lus 13 


Kel-kath-ha-zu'rim 


Lem'u-el 17 


MagT)ish 


Ke-mu'el 13 17 


Le'shem 


Magtfa-la 9 


Ke'nah 9 


Leftus 


Mag'da-len 


Ke'nan 


Le-tu'shim 


Mag-da-le'ne 3 


Ke'nath 


Le-um'mim 


Mag'di-el 13 


Ke'naz 


Le'vi 3 


Ma'gog 


Ken'ites 8 


Le-vi'a-than 


Ma'gor Mis'sa-bib 


Ken'niz-zites 


Le'via 


Mag'pi-ash 4 


Ker-en-hap'puch 


Le'vitea 8 


MaTia-lah 9 


Ker-en-hap'puk 


Le-vifi-cua 


Malia-lath Le-an'ttoth 


Ke'ri-oth 


Lib'a-nua 


Malia-lath Maa'chil 6 


Ke'ros 


Lib'nah 9 


Ma-hale-el 13 


Ke-tu'ra 


Lib'ni 3 


Ma'ha-li 3 


Ke-tu'rah 9 


Lib'niteB 8 


Ma-ha-na'im 16 


Ke-zi'a 1 9 


Lib'y-a 9 


Malia-neh Dan 


Ke'ziz 


Lig-nal'oea 


Ma'ha-nem 


Kib'roth HaMa'a-vah 


Li'gure 1 


Ma-har'a-i 5 


Kib'za-im 16 


Likhi 3 _ 


Ma'hath 


Kid'ron 


Lo-am'mi 3 


Malia-vitea 8 


Ka'nah 9 


Lod 


Maliaz 


Kir 


Lod'e-bar 


Ma-ha'zi-oth 


Kir-har'a-seth 


Log 


MaTier-shal al-hash'b*& 



f Jem-i'ma.— P F. & K. r T.] 



a [Leb'be-us.— P.] 



[Mag'darlcne.- P.] 



76 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



ME 


ME 


MO 


Mahlah 


Me'dad 


Mi'a-min 


Mahli 3 


Med'a-lah 9 


MibTiar 


Mahlites 8 


Me'dan 


Mib'sam 


Mahlon 


Med'e-ba 9 


Mib'zar 


Mai-an'e-as 


Medes 


Mi'cah 9 


Ma'kas 


Me'di-a 


Mi-calah 5 


Mailed 


Me'di-an 


Mi-ka'ya 


Ma-keloth 


Me-e'da 


Mi'cha 9 


Mak-ke'dah 13 


Me-gid'do 7 


Mi'cha-el 15 


Mak'tesh 


Me-gid'don 7 


Mi'chah 9 


Mal'a-chi 3 6 


Me-hali 3 


Mi-cha'iah 


Mal'cham 


Me-hefa-bel 


Mi'chel 


Mal-chi'ah 15 


Me-hi'da 


Mich'mas 6 


Mal'chi-el 13 


Meliir 


Mik'mas 


Mal'chi-el-ites 8 


Me-hol'ath-ite 8 


Mich'mash 


Mal-chi'jah 


Me-hu'ja-el 13 


Mich'me-thah 9 


Mal-chi'ram 


Me-hu'man 5 


Mich'ri 3 


Mal-chi-shu'ah 12 


Me-hu'nim 


Mich'tam 


Mal'chom 


Me-hu'nims 


Mid'din 


Mal'chus 6 


Me-jarTton 


Mid'i-an 


Mal'las 


Mek'o-nah 9 


Mid'i-an-itea 8 


Mallo-thi 3 


Mel-a-ti'ah 15 


Mig'da-lel 


Marluch 6 


Mel'chi 3 6 


Mig'dal Gad 


Ma-ma'ias 5 


Mel-chi'ah 6 9 


Mig'dol 


Mam'mon 


Mel-chi'as 15 


Mig'ron 
Mij'a-min 


Mam-ni-ta-nai'mus 


Mel'chi-el 13 


Mam're 


Mel-chis'e-dek 


Mikloth 


Ma-mu'cus 


Mel-ehi-shu'a 13 


Mik-nei'ah 9 


Man'a-en 


Me-le'a 


Mil-a-la'i 5 


Man'a-hath 


Melech 6 


Mil'cah 9 


Man'a-hem 


Mel'i-ta 


Mil'cha 9 


Ma-na'heth-ites 8 


Melli-cu 


Mil'chah 9 


Man-as-se'as 12 


Mel'zar 


Mil'com 


Ma-nas'seh 9 


Mem'phis 


Millo 


Ma-nas'sites 8 


Me-mu'can 13 


Mi'na 9 


Ma'neh 9 


Men'a-hem 


Mi-ni'a-min 


Man-ha-na'im 16 


Me'nan 


Min'ni 3 


Ma'ni 3 


Me'ne 


Min'nith 


Man'na 


Me'nith 


Miph'kad 


Ma-no'ah 


Men'o-thai 5 


Mir'i-am 


Ma'och 6 


Me-on'e-Dem 


Mir'ma 9 


Ma'on 


Meph'a-ath 


Mis'gab 


Ma'on-ites 8 


Me-phib'o-sheth 


Mish'a-el 13 15 


Ma'ra 9 


Me'rab 


Mi'shal 3 


Ma'rah 9 


Mer-a-i'ah 15 


Mi'sham 


Mar'a-lah 


Me-ra'ioth 5 


Mi'she-al 


Mar-a-nath'a 


Me'rart 


Mish'ma 9 


Mar-do-ehe'us 


Mer'a-ri 3 


Mish-man'na 


Ma-re'shah 


Mer'a-rites 8 


Mish'ra-itea 8 


Mark 


Mer-a-tha'im 16 


Mis'par 


Marf-sa 9 


Me'red 


Mis'pe-reth 


Mar'moth 


Mer'e-moth 


Mis'pha 9 


Ma'roth 


Me'res 


Mis'phah 9 


MarYe-kah 9 


Merl-bah 9 


Mis'ra-im 16 


Mar'se-na 9 


Mer'i-bah Ka'desh 


Mis're-photh-ma'im 16 


Mar'te-na 


Me-ribTja-al 


Mith'cah 9 


Martha 


Merf-moth 4 


Mith'nite 8 


Ma'ry 


Me-ro'dach 11 


Mith'ri-dath 


Ma'sa 9 


Bal'a-dan 


Mi'zar 


Mas'chil 6 


Me'rom 


Miz'pah 9 


Mas'e-loth 


Me-ron'o-thite 8 


Miz'peh 9 


Mash 


Me'roz 


Miz'ra-im 16 


Ma'shal 


Me'nith 


Miz'zah 9 


Mas'man 


Me'sech 6 


Mna'son 


Mas'moth 


Me'sek 


Na'son 


Mas're-kah 9 


Me'sha 


Mo'ab 


Mas'sah 9 


Me'shach 6 


Mo'ab-ites 8 


Mas-si'as 15 


Me'shech 6 


Mo-a-di'ah 15 


Ma'tred 


.Metshek, 


Mock'mur 


Ma'tri 3 


Mesh-el-e-mi'ah 


Mock'ram 


Mat'tan 


Me-shez'a-bel 


Mo'din 


Maftan-nah 


Me-shez'a-be-el 


Mo'eth 


Mat-ta-ni'ah 


Me-shil-la'mith 


Mol'a-dah 9 


Mafta-tha 


Me-shille-moth 


Mo'lech 6 


Mat-ta-thi'as 


Me-sho'bah 9 


Mo'lek 


Mat-te-na'i 5 


Me-shullam 


Mo'li 3 


Matfthan 


Me-shulle-mith 


Molid 


Mafthat 


Mes'o-bah 13 


Moloch 6 


Mat-thelaa 


Mes'o-ba-ite 8 


M&lok 


Matfthew (math'ew) 


Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a 


Mom'dis 


Mat-thi'as 15 


Mes-si'ah 15 


Mo-o-si'as 13 


Mat-ti-thi'ah 15 


Mes-si'as 15 


Mo'rash-ite 8 


Maz-i-ti'as 15 


Me-te'rus 13 


Mo'ras-thite 


Maz'za-roth 


Me'theg Am'mah 


Mor'de-cai 5 13 


Me'ah 


Meth're-dath 


Mo'reh 9 


Me-a'ni 3 


Me-thu'sa-el 


Mor'esh-eth Gath 


Me-a'rah 


Me-thu'se-la 


Mo-ri'ah 15 


Me-bu'nai 5 


Me-thu'ee-lah 9 


Mo-se'ra 9 


Mech'e-rath 13 


Me-u'nim 13 


Mo-se'rah 9 


Mech'e-rath-ite 8 


IMez'a-hab 


Mo'ses (M(/zes) 


i ' 


Na-a'man — P.] 


1 



[ NE 


OC 


Mo-sollam 


Ne'cho 6 


Mo-so'roth 


Ne-co'dan 


Mo-sulla-mon 


Ned-a-bi'ah 15 


Mo'za 9 


Ne'e-mi'as 


Mo'zah 


Neg^-noth 7 
Ne-hel'a-mite 


Mup'pim 


Mu'shi 3 


Ne-he-mi'ah 9 15 


Mu'shites 8 


Ne-he-mi'as 


Muth-lab'ben 


NeTium 


Myn'dus 


Ne-hush'ta 9 


My'ra 9 


Ne-hush'tah 


Myt-e-le'ne 


Ne-hush'tan 




Ne'i-el ]3 




NeTteb 




Ne-ko'da 


N 


Ne-mu'el 13 17 


Ne-mu'el-ites 8 




Ne'pheg 


NA'AM 


Ne'phi 3 


Na'a-mah 9 


Ne'phis 


Na'a-man 1 15 


Ne'phish 


Na'a-ma-thites 8 


Ne-phish'e-sin» 


Na'a-mites 8 


Neph'tha-li 3 


Na'a-rah 9 


Nep'tho-ah 


Na'a-rai 5 


Neph'tu-im 


Na'a-ran 


Ne-phu'sim 13 


Na'a-rath 


Ner 


Na-ash'on 


Ne're-us 


Na'a-thus 


Ner-gal 


Na-bal 


Ner'gal Sha-re'zei 


Nab-a-ri'aa 


Ne'ri 3 


Na-ba-thc'ans 


Ne-ri'ah 15 


NaT>ath-ites 8 


Ne-than'e-el 13 


NaTDOth 


Neth-a-ni'ah 


Na'chon 6 


Neth'i-nims 


Na'chor 6 


Ne-to'phah 9 


Na'dab 


Ne-toph'a-thi 3 


Na-dab'a-tha 


Ne-toph'a-thites 


Nag'ge 7 
Na-haTsi 3 


Ne-zi'ah 15 


Ne'zib 


Na-hali-el 13 


Nib'baa 


Na-hallal 


Nib'shan 


Nalia-lol 


Nic-o-de'mus 


NaTiam 


Nic-o-la'i-tans 


Na-ham'a-ni 3 


Nic'o-laa 


Na-har'a-i 5 


Nim'rah 


NaTiash 


Nim'rim 


NaTiath 


Nim'rod 


Nah'bi 3 


Nim'shi 3 


Nalior 


Nin'e-ve 


Nah'shon 


Nin'e-veh 9' 


NaTium 


Nin'e-vites 8 


Na'i-dus 5 


Ni'san 


Na'im 


Nis'roch 6 


Na'in 


Niz'rok 


Na'ioth 5 


No-a-di'ah 15 


Na-ne'a 9 


No'ah or No'e 


Na'o-mi 2 3 


Nob 


Naph'i-si 3 


NolDah 9 


Naph'tha-li 3 


Nod 


Naph'thar 


No'dab 


Naph'tu-him 11 


No'e-ba 9 


Na'pish 


No'ga or No'gah 


Nasljas 


Noliah 9 


Na'shon 


Nona 


Na'sith 


Nom'a-dea 


Na'sor 


No-me'ni-us 


Na'than 


Non 


Na-than'a-el 13 


Noph 


Nath-a-ni'aa 15 


Noff , . n 


Na'than Melech 6 


No'phah 9 


Na'um 


Nun (the father cf 


Na've 


Joshua) 


Naz-a-rene' 


Nym'phas 


Naz-a-renes' 8 
Naz'a-reth 






Naz'a-rite 8 
Ne'ah 


0. 


Ne-a-ri'ah 15 




Neb'a-i 5 


OB-A-DI'AH 15 


Ne-bai'oth 5 


01)al 


Ne-ba'joth 


Cbed 


Ne-ballat 


O'bed E'dom 


Neljat 


Cbeth 


Nel)o 


OT)U 


Neb-u-chad-nez'zar 


Cboth 


Neb-u-chad-rez'zar 


(ychi-el 13 


Neb-u-chod-on'o-sor 


Oc-i-delus 7 


Neb-u-chaeljan 


Os-vdeflus 


Neb-u-zar'a»dan 


Oc'i-na 7 (Ort-no) 



2 [Na-&mi.— P.] 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



77 



PA 
Ocran 
O'ded 
O-doHam 
Cd-on-arkes 

ofiad 

OTiel 

Ol'a-mus 

Ol'i-vet 

O-lym'phas 

Om-a-e'rus 13 

O'mar 

O-me'ga 9 

O'mer 

Om'ri 3 

On 

O'nam 

O'nan 

O-nes'i-mus 

On-e-siph'o-rus 

O-ni'a-res 

O-ni'as 15 

O'no 

O'nus 

O-ny'aa 

On'y-cha 

On'e-ka 

Onyx 

O'phel 

O'pher 

O'phir 

Oph'ni 3 

Oph'rah 

O'reb 

O'ren or O'ran 

O-ri'on 

Or'nan 

Or-phah {Off a) 

Or-tho-si'as 15 

O-aai'as 5 

O-se'as 

O'see 

O'she-a 

Os'pray 

Oa'si-frage 

Oth'ni 3 

Oth'ni-el 4 13 

Oth-o-ni'as 15 

O'zem 

O-zi'as 15 

O'zi-el 4 13 

Oz'ni 3 

Oz'nites 8 

O-zo'ra 9 



PA'A-RII 5 
Pa'dan 

Pa'dan A'ram 
Pa'dou 
Pa'gi-el 7 13 
Paliath Mo'ab 
Pa'i 3 5 
Palal 
Pal'es-tine 
Pallu 

PaTlu-ites 8 
Pal'ti 3 
Pal'ti-el 13 
Pal'tite 8 
Pan'nag 
Par'a-dise 
Pa'rah 



PH 

Pa'ran 

ParTmr 

Par-mash'ta 

Par'me-nas 

Par'nath 

Par'nach 6 

Pa'rosh 

Par-shan'da-tha 

Par'u-ah 

Par-va'im 5 16 

Pa'sach 6 

Pas-dam'min 

Pa-se'ah 9 

Pash'ur 

Pass'o-ver 

Pafa-ra 

Pa-te'o-li 

Pa-the'us 13 

Path'ros 

Path-ru'sim 

Pafro-bas 

Pa'u 

Paul 

Ped'a-hel 13 

Ped'ah-zur 

Ped-ai'ah 5 

PeTcah 9 

Pek-a-hi'ah 

Pelcod 

Pel-a-i'ah 5 

Pel-a-li'ah 

Pel-a-ti'ah 15 



Pelet 
Peleth 
Peleth-ites 8 
Pe-li'as 15 
Pel'o-nite 8 
Pe-ni'el 13 
Pe-nin'nah 
Pen'ni-nah 
Pen-tap'o-lis 
Pen'ta-teuch 6 
Pe7i'ta-teuk 
Pen'te-cost 
Pen'te-coast 1 
Pe-nu'el 13 
Pe'or 
Per'a-zim 
Fe'resh 
Pe'rez 

Pe'rez Uz'za 
Per'ga 9 
Per'ga-mos 
Pe-ri'da 9 
Perfz-zites 8 
Per'me-nas 
Per-u'da 9 13 
Peth-a-hi'ah 15 
Pe'thor 
Pe-thu'el 13 
Pe-ul'thai 5 
Phac'a-reth 
Phai'sur 5 
Phal-da'ius 5 
Fal-da'yus 
Pha-le'as 11 
Phaleg 
PhaHu 
Phal'ti 3 
Phal'ti-el 13 
Pha-nu'el 13 
Phar'a-cim 7 
Pha'ra-oh (Fa'ro) 
Phar-a-tho'ni 3 
Pha'rez 



RA 

Pha'rez-itea 8 

Phar'i-sees 

Pha'rosh 

Phar'phar 

Phar'zites 8 

Pha'se-ah 13 

Pha-selis 13 

Phas'i-ron 

Phe'be 

Phe-ni'ce 13 

Phib'e-seth 

Phi'col 

Phi-lar'chea 

Phi-le'mon 11 

Phi-le'tus 11 

Phi-lis'ti-a 

Phi-lis'tim 

Phi-lis'tines 8 

Fi-lis'tins 

Phi-lol'o-gua 

Phil-o-me'tor 

Phin'e-as 

Phin'e-has 

Phi'son 1 

Phle'gon 

Pho'ros 

Phul, rhymes dull 

Phur 

Phu'rah 

Phut, rhymes nut 

Phu'vah 

Phy-gel'Iua 

Phy-lac'te-ries 

Pi-ha-hi'roth 

Pilate 

Pil'dash 

Pil'e-tha 

Pil'tai 5 

Pi'non 

Pi'ra 

Pi'ram 

Pir*a-thon 

Pir'a-thon-ite 8 

Pis'gah 

Pi'son 1 

Pis'pah 

Pi'thon 1 

Poch'e-reth 6 

Pon'ti-us Pilate 

Por'a-tha 9 

PotTi-phar 

Po-tiph'e-ra 

Proch'o-rus 

Pu'a or Pu'ah 

Pu'dens 

PuTiites 8 

Pul, rhymes dull 

Pu'nites 8 

Pu'non 

Pur or Pu'rim 

Put, rhymes nut 

Pu-te'o li 

Pu'ti-el 13 

Py'garg 



RA'A-MAH 9 

Ra-a-mi'ah 15 

Ra-am'aes 

RabT)ah 

Rab^ath 

Rab^at 

RabTji 3 



RE 

Rab^ith 

Rab-bo'ni 3 

Rab'mag 

Rab'sa-ces 

Rab'sa-ris 

Rab'sha-keh 9 

Ra'ca or Ra'cha 

Ra'cab 6 

Ra'cal 

Ra'chab 6 

Ra'chel 6 

Rad'da-i 5 

Ra'gau 

Ra'ges 

Rag'u-a 

Ra-gu'el 13 

RaTiab 

Raliam 

Ra'kem 

Rak'kath 

RakTton 

Ram 

Ra'ma or Ra'mah 

Ra'math 

Ra-math-a'im 16 

Ram'a-them 

Ra'math-ite 8 

Ra'math Lelii 

Ra'math Mis'peh 

Ra-me'se8 2 

Ra-mi'ah 15 

Ra'moth 

Ra'moth Gil'e-ad 

Ra'pha 

Ra'pha-el* 13 15 

Ra'phel 

Ra'phah 9 

Raph'a-im 16 

Ra'phon 

Ra'phu 

Ras'sis 

Rath'u-mu8 12 

Ra'zis 

Re-a-i'ah 5 

ReTja 9 

Re-bec'ca 9 

Re'chab 6 

Re'chab-ites 8 

Re'chab. 9 

Re'ka 

Re-el-ai'ah 5 

Re-el-i'as 15 

Ree-sa'ias 

Re'gem, the g hard 

Re-gem'me-lech, do. 

Re'gom, do. 

Re-ha-bi'ah 15 

ReTiob 

Re-ho-bo'am 

Re-ho'both 

Relm 

ReTium 

Re'i 3 

ReTcem 

Rem-a-li'ah 15 

Re'meth 

Rem'mon 

Rem'mon Meth'o-ar 

Rem'phan 

Rem'phis 

Re'pha-el 13 15 

Re'phah 

Reph-a-i'ah 15 

Reph'a-im 16 

Reph'a-ims 

Reph'i-dim 



SA 

Re'sen 

Re'sheph 

Re'u 

Reuben 

Re-u'el* 13 

Reu'mah 

Re'zeph 

Re-zi'a 15 

Re'zin 

Re'zon 

Rhe'gi-um 

Re'je-um 

Rhe'ea 

Refsa 

Rho'da 

Rhod'o-cua 

Ri-bai 5 

Riblah 

Rim'mon 

Rim'mon Pa'rez 

Rin'nah 9 

Ri'phath 

Ry'fath 

Ris'pah 

Ris'sah 9 

Rith'mah 

Ro-ge'lim 7 13 

Roh'gah 9 

Ro'ga 

Ro'i-mua 

Ro-mam-ti-e'zer 

Rosh 

Rul)y 

Ru'fus 

Rulia-mah 

Ru'mah 

Rus'ti-cus 

Ruth 

Rooth 



S. 



SA-BAC-THAW 

Sab'a-oth6 

Sa^at 

Sab'a-tu8 

SabTDan 

SabTrnth 

Sab-ba-the'us 

Sab-be'us 

Sab-de'ua 

Sab'di 3 

Sa-be'ana 

Sa^i 3 

Sab'tah 9 

Sab'te-cha 6 

Sa'car 

Sad-a-mi'as 15 

Sa'das 

Sad-de'ua 

Sad'duc 

Sad'du-cees 

Sa'doc 

Sa-ha-du'tha Je'gai 

Sala 

Salah 9 

Sal-a-sad'a-i 5 

Sa-la'thi-el 13 

Sal'cah 9 

Sal'chah 

Salem 

SaOin? 

Salla-i 5 

Sallu 



1 Pentecost.— [The regular pronunciation, Pentecost, is given 
by Perry, and is now more common. — Ed.] 

2 [Ram'e-ses— P.] 

3 Raphael. — This word has uniformly the accent on the 
first syllable throughout Milton, though Graecised by 'Pa0ou- 
<}X ; but the quantity is not so invariably settled by him ; for, 
In his Paradise Lost, he makes it four times of three sylla- 
bles, and twice of two. What is observed under Israel is 
applicable to this word. Colloquially, we may pronounce it 
m two, as if written Raphel ; but in deliberate and 8olemn 
speaking or reading, we ought to make the two last vowels 
to be heard separately and distinctly. The same may be 
observed of Michael, which Milton, in his Paradise Lost, uses 
six times as a word of three syllables, and eighteen times as 
a word of two only. 



4 [Reu'el.— P.] 

5 Sabacthani. — Some, says the editor of Labbe, place the 
accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this word, and 
others on the penultimate : this last pronunciation, he saya, 
is most agreeable to the Hebrew word, the penultimate of 
which is not only long, but accented ; and, as this word is 
Hebrew, it is certainly the most preferable pronunciation. 

6 Sabaoth. — This word should not be confounded in ita 
pronunciation with Sabbath, a word of so different a signifi 
cation. Sabaoth ought to be heard in three syllables, by 
keeping the a and o separate and distinct. This, it must be 
confessed, is not very easy to do, but is absolutely necessary ■ 
to prevent a very gross confusion of ideas, and a perver 
sion of the sense. [Perry and Smart accent this word Sab • 
a'oth.~) 






78 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES 



SA 


SH 


SH 


SH 


SI 


Sallum 


Scribes 


Shane--eheth 


Shel'o-mi 3 


Shi'mon 


8al-lu'mus 33 


Scyth'i-ana 


Shallum 


Shel'o-mith 


Shim'rath 


Sal'ma or Sal'mah 


Syth'i-ans 


Shal'ma-i 5 


Shel'o-moth 


Sbim'ri 3 


Sal'mon 


Scy-thop'o-lis 


Shal'man 


She-lu'mi-el 13 


Shim'rith 


Sal-mo'ne 13 


Scyth-o-pol'i-tana 


Shal-ma-ne'ser 


Shem 


Shim'ron 


Salom 


Seoa 


Sha'ma 


She'ma 


Shim'ron-itea 8 


Sa-lo'me 13 


Seljat 


Sham-a-ri'ah 15 


Shem'a-ah 9 


Shim'ron Me'ron 


Salu 


Sec'a-cah 


Sha'mea 


Shem-a-i'ah 5 


Shiin'shai 5 


Salum 


Seche-ni'as 15 


Sha'mer 


Shem-a-ri'ah 15 


Shi'nab 


Sam'a-el 13 


Se'chu 


Sham'gar 
Sham'huth 


Shem'e-ber 


Shi'nar 


Sa-ma'ias 5 


Sed-e-ci'as 15 


She'mer 


Shi'phi 3 


Sa-ma'ri-a or Sam-a-ri'a 


Sed-e-si'as 7 


Sha'mir 


She-mi'da 13 


Shiph'mite 
Shiph'ra 9 
Shiph'rath 


Sa-marl-tans 


Se'gub 


Sham'ma 9 


Shem'i-nith 


Sam'a-tus 


Se'ir 


Sham'rnah 9 


She-mir'a-moth 


Sa-mei'us 9 


Se'i-rath 


Sham'ma-i 5 


She-mu'el 13 17 


Ship'tan 


Sam'gar Ne'bo 


Sela 


Sham'inoth 


Shen 


Shi'sha 9 


Sa'mi 3 


Sela Ham-mah-le'koth 


Sham-mu'a 9 


She-na'zar 


Shi'shak 


Sa'mis 


Selah 9 


Sham-mu'ah 9 


She'nir 


Shifra-i 5 


Samlah 9 


Seled 


Sham-she-ra'i 5 


She'pham 


Shif tah 9 


Sam'mus 


Sel-e-mi'as 15 


Sha'pham 


Sheph-a-ti'ah 15 


Shit'tim Wood 


Samp'sa-mes 


Sem 


Sha'phan 


She'pbi 3 


Shi'za 9 


Sam'son 


Sem-a-ehi'ah 15 


Sha'phat 


She'pho 


Sho'a 9 


Sam'u-el 13 17 


Sem-a-i'ah 15 


Sha'pher 


She-phu'phan 11 


Sho'ab 


San-a-bas'sa-r'us 


Sem-a-i'as 5 


Shar-a-i 5 


She'rah 


Sho'ah 9 


San'a-sib 


Sem'e-i 3 


Shar'a-im 


Sher-e-bi'ah 15 


ShoTjach 6 


San-ballat 


Se-melle-us 


Sbar'ma-im 16 


She'resh 


Sho'ba-i 5 


Sanlie-drim 


Se'mis 


Sha'rar 


She-re'zer 


Sho'bal 


San-san'nah 


Sen'a-ah 


Sha-re'zer 


She'shack 


Sho'bek 


Saph 


Sen-a-ehe'rib 2 13 


Sha'ron 


She'shai 5 


Sho'bi 3 


Sa'phat 
Saph-a-ti'as 15 


Se'neh 9 


Sha'ron-ite 8 


She'shan 


Sho'cho 6 


Se'nir 


Sha-rulien 


Shesb-baz'zar 


Sho'choh 9 


Sa'pheth 


Sen'u-ah 


Shash'a-i 5 


Sheth 


Sho'ham 


Saph'ir 


Se-o'rim 


Sha'shak 


She'thar 


Sho'mer 


Sap-phi'ra 9 


Se'phar 


Sha'ul 


She'thar Boz'na-i 


Sho'phach 6 


Sap'phire 


Seph'a-rad 


Sha'ul-ites 8 


She'va 


Sho'phan 


Sa'ra or Sa'rai 5 


Sepb-ar-va'im 16 


Sha-u'sha 


Shib'bo-leth 


Sho-shan'nim 


Sar-a-bi'as 15 


Se'phar-vitea 


Sha'veh 9 


Shib'mah 9 


Sho-shan'nim E'dutr- 


Sar-a-i'ah 5 


Se-phela 


Sha'veth 


Shi'chron 


Shu'a 9 


Sa-ra'ias 5 13 


Se'rah 


She'al 


Shig-gai'on 5 


Shu'ah 9 


Sa-ram'a-el 


Se-ra-i'ah 5 


She-al'ti-el 33 


Shi'on 


Shu'al 


Sar'a-mel 


Ser'a-phim 
Se'red 


She-a-ri'ah 15 


Suitor 


Shu^a-el 13 


Sa'raph 


She-ar-ja'shub 


Shilior Lib'nath 


Shu'ham 


Sar-ehed'o-nus 6 


Se'ron 


Shelsa or 


Shi-i'im 3 4 


Shu'ham-ites 8 


Sar'de-us 


Se'rug 


She'bah 


She-i'im 


Shuliites 


Sar'dine 


Se'sis 


She'bam 


ShilTri 3 


Shulam-ite 


Saudis 


Ses'thel 


Sheb-a-ni'ah 15 


Shiimm 


Shu'math-ites 8 


Sar'dites 8 


Seth 


Sheb'a-rim 


Shillem 


Shu'nam-ite 


Sar'di-us 


Se'thar 


SheTjat 


ShiHem-ites 8 


Shu'nem 


SarMo-nyx 


Se'ther 


She'ber 


Shiloh or Shilo 9 


Shu'ni 3 


Sa're-a 


Sha-al-ab'bin 


Sheb'na 


Shi-lo'ah 9 


Shu'nites 8 


Sa-rep'ta 


Sha-arDiaa 


Sheb'u-el 13 


Shi-lo'ni 3 


3hu'pham 


Sar'gon 


Sha-allbo-nite 8 


Shec-a-ni'ah 


Shi-lo'nites 8 


3hu'pham-ite 


Sattd 


Sha'aph 


She'chem 6 


Sbil'shah 9 


Shup'pim 


Sa'ron 


Sha-a-ra'im 16 


She'chem-ites 


Shim'e-a 


Shur 


Sa-ro'thi 3 


Sha-ash'gas 


Shech'i-nah 3 


Shim'e-ah 


Shu'shan 


Sar-se'chim 6 


Shab-beth'a-i 5 


Shek'e-nah 


Shim'e-am 


Shu'shan E'dutl, 


Sa'ruch 6 


3hach'i-a 


Shed'e-ur 


Shim'e-ath 


Shu'thal-ites 8 


Sa'tan 1 


3had'da-i 5 


She-ha-ri'ah 15 


Shim'e-ath-ites 


Shu'the-lah 9 


Sath-ra-baz'nea 


Sha'drach 


She'kel 


Shim'e-i 3 


Si'a 1 


Sath-ra-bou-za'nes 


Sha'ge 7 
3ha-haz'i-math 13 


Shelah 


Shim'e-on 


Si'a-ka 1 9 


Saul 


Shelan-itea 8 


Shimti 3 


Si'ba 


Sav'a-ran 


Shalem 


Shel-e-mi'ah 15 


Shi'mi 3 


Sib'ba-chai 5 


Sa'vi-as 15 


3ha1im 


3heleph 


Shim'ites 8 


3ib'bo-leth 


Bce'va (Se'va) 1 


3hal'i-sha 


Shelesh | 


Shim'ma 9 | 


Sib'mah 9 



i Satan. — There is some dispute among the learned about 
the quantity of the second syllable of this word, when Latin 
or Greek, as may be seen in Labbe, but none about the first. 
This is acknowledged to be short ; and this has induced those 
critics who have great knowledge of Latin, and very little 
of their own language, to pronounce the first syllable short 
in English, as if written Sattan. If these gentlemen have 
not perused the Principles of Pronunciation, prefixed to the 
Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, I would take the liberty of 
referring them to what is there said, for full satisfaction, for 
whatever relates to deriving English quantity from the Latin. 
But for those who have not an opportunity of inspecting 
that work, it may, perhaps, be sufficient to observe, that no 
analogy is more universal than that which, in a Latin word 
-of two syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, and 
the accent on the first syllable, leads us to pronounce that 
syllable long. This is, likewise, the genuine pronunciation 
of English words of the same form ; and where it has been 
counteracted, we find a miserable attempt to follow the 
Latin quantity in the English word, which we entirely neg- 
lect in the Latin itself (see Introduction, page vi.). Cato 
. and Plato are instances where we make the vowel a long in 
English, where it is short in Latin ; and caligo and cogito, 
where we make the a and o in the first syllable short in En- 
glish, when it is long in Latin. Thus, if a word of two syl- 
lables, with one consonant in the middle, and the accent on 
the first, which, according to our own vernacular analogy, 



j we should pronounce as we do Goto and Plato, with the first 
vowel long : if this word, I say, happen to be derived from 
a word of three syllables in Latin, with the first short, this 
is looked upon as a good reason for shortening the first syl- 
lable of the English word, as in magic, placid, tepid, &c., 
though we violate this rule in the pronunciation of the Latin 
words caligo, cogito, Sec, which, according to this analogy, 
ought to be cale-i-go, coge-i-to, Sec, with the first syllable long. 
This pedantry, which ought to have a harsher title, has 
considerably hurt the sound of our language, by introducing 
into it too many short vowels, and consequently rendering 
it less flowing and sonorous. The tendency of the penulti- 
mate accent to open and lengthen the first vowel in dissyl- 
lables, with but one consonant in the middle, in some meas- 
ure counteracts the shortening tendency of two consonants, 
and the almost invariable shortening tendency of the ante- 
penultimate accent ; but this analogy, which seems to be the 
genuine operation of nature, is violated by these ignorant 
critics, from the pitiful ambition of appearing to understand 
Latin. As the first syllable, therefore, of the word in ques- 
tion has its first vowel pronounced short for such miserable 
reasons as have been shown, and this short pronunciation 
does not seem to be general, we ought certainly to incline 
to that pronunciation which is so agreeable to the analogy 
of our own language, and which is, at the same time, so 
much more pleasing to the ear. 
2 [Sen-ach'e-rib.— Perry, Smart] 3 [Sche-ki'nah.—V 1 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



79 



su 



TA 



Sib'ra-im 16 


Su'di-as 


Si'chem 1 6 


Sukki-ims 4 


Sid'dim 


Sur 


Si'de 


Su'sa 


Si'don 


Su'san-cbites 6 


Si-gi'o-noth 7 


Su-san'nah 9 


SiTia 9 


Su'si 3 


Srnon 


Syc'a-mine 


Silior 


Sy-ce'ne 


Silas 


Sy'char 1 6 


Silla 9 


Sy-elus 12 


SU'o-ai 


Sy-e'ne 


Sil'o-ah or Sil'o-am 


Syn'a-gogue 


Sil'o-as 


Syn'a-gog 


Sil'o-e 9 


Syn'ti-che 4 6 


Si-mal-cu'e 


Syrf-a Ma'a-cah 


Sim'e-on 


Syrl-on 


Sim'e-on-ites 8 


Sy-ro-phe-nic'ira 


Si'mon 




Sim'ri 3 




Sin 
Si'nai* 5 


T. 


Si'nim 




Sin'ites 8 


TA'A-NACH 5 


Si'on 


Ta'a-nach Shilo 


Zi'on 


Tab'ba-oth 


Siph'moth 


Tab'bath 


Sip'pai 5 


Ta^e-al 


Si'rach 1 6 


TaTje-el 13 


Si'rah 9 


Ta-belli-us 


Sirl-on 


Tab'e-ra 9 


Sis-am'a-i 5 


Tab'i-tha 


Sis'e-ra 9 


TaTjor 


Si-ein'nes 


Tab'ri-mon 


Sifnah 


Tach'mo-nite 


Si'van 


Tad'mor 


So 


Talian 


So'choh 6 9 


Ta'han-ites 8 


S&ko 


Ta-haph'a-nes 


So'coh 9 


Ta-hap'e-nes 


So'ko 


TaTiath 


So'di 3 


Tah'pe-nes 9 


Sod'om 


Tah're-a 9 


Sod'om-ites 


Tah'tim Hod'sbi 


Sod'o-ma 


Tal'i-tha Cu'mi 


Sol'o-mon 


Tal'mai 5 


Sop'a-ter 


Tal'mon 


Soph'e-reth 


Tal'saa 


So'rek 


Ta'mah 


So-sip'a-ter 
Sos'the-nea 13 


Ta'mar 


Tam'muz 


Sos'tra-tus 13 


Ta'nach 6 


So'ta-i 5 


TanTm-meth 


Sta'chys 6 


Ta'nis 


Stdkees 


Ta'phath 


Stac'te 


Taph'e-nes 


Steph'a-na 


Taph'nea 


Steph'a-nas 


Ta'phon 


Ste'phen 


Tap'pu-ah 13 


Stefven 


Ta'rah 9 


Su'ah 9 


TarVlah 9 13 


Su'ba 


Ta're-a 9 


SuTia-i 5 


Tar'pel-ites 8 


Suc-ca'ath-ites 8 


Tar'shia 


Suc'coth 


Tar'shish 


Suc'coth Be'noth 


Tar-shi'si 3 


Sud 


Tardus 



TI 
Tar'tak 
Tartan 
Tafna-i 5 
Te^ah 9 
Teb-a-li'ah 15 
TeTieth 
Te-haph'ne-hes 
Te-hin'nab 
Telcel 

Te-ko'a 3 or Te-ko'ah 
Te-ko'ites* 8 
Tel'a-bib 
Telah 9 
Tel'a-im 16 
Te-las'sar 
Telem 
Tel-ha-re'eha 
Tel-har'sa 9 
Tel'me-la 9 
Tel'me-lah 9 
Te'ma 9 
Te'man 
Tem'a-ni 3 
Te'man-ites 8 
Tem'e-ni 3 
Te'pho 
Te'rah 9 
Ter'a-phim 
Te'resh 
Terti-us 
Ter'she-us 
Ter-tullus 
Te'ta 

Tef rarch 6 
Thad-de'us* 12 
Tha'hash 
Tha'mah 9 
Tham'na-tha 
Tha'ra 9 
TharYa 9 
Thar'shish 
Thas'si 3 
TheTjez 
The-co'e 
The-las'ser 
The-ler'sas 
The-oc'a-nus 
The-od'o-tus 
The-oph'i-lus 
The'ras 
Thertne-leth 
Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca 8 
Theu'das 
Thim'na-thath 
This'be 
Thom'as 
Tom'as 
Thom'o-i 3 
Thra-se'aa 
Thum'mim 
Thy-a-ti'ra 9 
TibTjath 
Ti-be'ri-aa 
Tib'ni 3 
Ti'dal 

Tiglath Pi-le'ser 
Tik'vah 9 



UL 


ZA 


Tik'vath 


Ulla9 


Tilon 


Um'mah 9 


Ti-meaus 13 


Un'ni 3 


Tim'na 9 


U-phar'ain 


Tim'nath 9 


U'phaz 


Tim'na-thah 


Ur'ba-ne 


Tim'nath He'rea 


U'ri 3 


Tim'nath Se'rah 


U-ri'ah 9 


Tim'nite 8 


U-ri'aa 15 


Ti-mo'the-us 


U'ri-eH 4 13 


Tim'o-thy (Eng.) 


U-ri'jah 9 15 


Tip'sah 9 


U'rim 


Ti'raa • 


U'ta 9 


Ti'rath-itea 8 


U'tha-i 5 


TirTia-kah 9 


U'thi3 


IVha-nah 


U'za-i 5 


Tir'i-a 9 


U'zal 


Tir'sha-tha 


Uz'za 9 


Tir'zah 9 


Uz'zah 9 


TishTsite 


Uz'zen She'rah 


Ti'van 


Uz'zi 3 


Ti'za 


Uz-zi'ah 15 


Ti'zite 8 


Uz-zi'el 13 15 


To'ah 


Uz-zi'el-itea 8 


To'a-nah 
Tob 






To-bi'ah 15 


V. 


To-bi'aa 15 


To'bie (Eng.) 




ToTjiel 4 13 


VAJEZ'A-THA 9 


To-bi'jah 15 


Va-ni'ah 9 


ToT)it 


Vash'ni 3 


To'chen 6 


Vash'ti 3 


To-gar'mah 


Voph'si 3 


ToTrn 
Tol 3 






Tola 9 


X. 


Tolad 




Tola-ites 8 


XA'GUS 


Tol'ba-nea 


Xan'thi-cua 


Tol'mai 5 


Xe'ne-aa 


To'phel 


Xer-o-pha'gi-a 


To'phet 


Xe-rol'y-be 


To'u 


Xys'tua 


Trach-o-ni'ti8 12 
Trip'o-lia 




z. 


Tro'aa 


Tro-gylli-um 




Troph'i-mus 


ZA-A-NA1M 16 


Try-phe'na 12 


Za'a-man 


Try-pho'sa 12 


Za-a-nan'nim 


Tu'bal 


Za'a-van 


TuTbal Cain 


Za'bad 


Tu-bi'e-ni 3 


Zab-a-daB'ans 


Ty-be'ri-a8 


Zab-a-da'iaa 5 


Tych'i-cua 


Zab'bai 5 


Ty-ran'nua 


Zab-de'us 12 


Tyre, one syllable 


Zab'di 3 


TyYua 


Zab'di-el 11 




Za-bi'na 9 




Za'bud 


u. 


Zab'u-lon8 




Zac'ca-i 5 


U'CAL 


Zac-che'us 12 


U'el 


Zak-kdus 


Ula-i 5 


Zac'cur 


Ulam 


Zach-a-ri'ah 15 



i Siloa. — This word, according to the present general 
rule of pronouncing these words, ought to have the accent 
on the second syllable, as it is Graecised by YtXwd ; but Mil- 
ton, who understood its derivation as well as the present 
race of critics, has given it the antepenultimate accent, as 
more agreeable to the general analogy of accenting English 
words of the same form : 

" Or if Sion hill 
Delight thee more, or Siloa's brook, that flow'd 
Fast by the oracle of God." 
If criticism ought not to overturn settled usages, surely when 
that usage i3 sanctioned by such a poet as Milton, it ought 
not to be looked upon as a license, but an authority. With 
respect to the quantity of the first syllable, analogy requires 
that, if the accent be on it, it should be short.— See Rules 
prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper Names, Rule 19. 

a Sinai. — If we pronounce this word after the Hebrew, it 
has three syllables ; if after the Greek, Yivd, two only ; 
though it must be confessed that the liberty allowed to poets 
of increasing the end of a line with one, and sometimes two 
syllables, renders their authority, in this case, a little equiv- 
ocal. Labbe adopts the former pronunciation, but general 
usage seems to prefer the latter; and if we almost univers- 



ally follow the Greek in other cases, why not in this ? Mfl- 
ton adopts the Greek : 

" Sing, heav'nly muse ! that on the secret top 
Of Oreb or of Sinai didst inspire 
That shepherd — " 

" God, from the mount of Sinai, whose gray top 
Shall tremble, he, descending, will himself, 
In thunder, lightning, and loud trumpets' sound, 
Ordain them laws." — Par. Lost, b. xii, v. 227. 

We ought not, indeed, to lay too much stress on the quan- 
tity of Milton, which ia often so different in the same word ; 
but these are the only two passages in his Paradise Lost 
where this word ia used ; and, as he has made the same let- 
ters a diphthong in Asmadai, it is highly probable he judged 
that Sinai ought to be pronounced in two syllables. — Seo 
Rules prefixed to this Vocabulary, No. 5. 

3 [Tek'o-a.—F. & K.] * [Tek'o-ites.— F. & K.] 

s {Thad'de-us.— P.] « [Thes-sa-lon'i-ca.— P.l 

' [U-ri'el— P.] 

8 Zabulon. — " Notwithstanding," says the editor of Labbe, 
"thia word in Greek, Za6ov\u>v, has the penultimate long, yet 
in our churches we always hear 't pronounced with the 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



ZA 


ZE 


ZE 


ZI 


ZU 


Za'cher 6 


Zath'o-e 


Ze'nas 


Zi'a 9 


Zip-po'rah 13 16 


Zatker 


Zath'thu 


Ze-orlm 13 


Zi^a 9 


Zith'ri 3 


Za'dok 


Za-thu'i 3 11 


Zeph-a-ni'ah 15 
Ze'phath 


Zib'e-on 


Ziz 


Zaliam 


Zaftu 


Zib'i-on 


Zi'za 1 9 


Za'ir 


Za*van 


Zeph'a-thah 


Zich'ri 3 


Zi'zah 1 9 


Zalaph 


Za'za 


Ze'phi or Ze'pho 


Zik'ri 


Zi'na 1 9 


Zal'mon 


Zeb-a-di'ah 15 


Ze'phon 


Zid'dim 


Zo'an 


Zal-mo'nah 9 


ZeTjah 9 


Zeph'on-ites 8 


Zid-ki'jah 15 


Zo'ar 


Zal-mun'nah 


Ze-ba'im 13 16 


Zer 


Zi'don or Si'don 


ZoT)a or Zoljaii 


Zam'bis 


Zeb'e-dee 


Ze'rah 9 


Zi-do'ni-ans 


Zo-be^ah 9 13 


ZanVbri 6 


Ze-bi'na 


Zer-a-hi'ah 15 


Zif 


Zoliar 


Za'moth 


Ze-bo'im 13 
Ze-bu'da~3 


Zer-a-i'a 5 


Zrha 1 9 


Zotie-leth 


Zam-zum'mims 


Ze'rau 


Ziklag 


Zon'a-raa 


Za-no'ah 9 


ZeTml 


Ze'red 


Zillah 9 


Zo'peth 


Zaph-nath-pa-a-ne'ah 


Zeb'u-lon 


Zer'e-da 


Zil'pah 9 


Zo'pbah 


Za'phon 


Zeb'u-lon-ites 8 


Zer'e-dah 


Zil'thai 5 


Zo'phai 5 


Za'ra 


Zech-a-ri'ah 15 


Ze-red'a-thah 


Zim'mab. 


Zo'phar 


Zar'a-ces 


Ze'dad 


Zer'e-rath 


Zim'ram or Zim'ran 


Zo'phim 


Za'rah 


Zed-e-ki'ah 15 


Ze'resh 


Zim'ri 3 


Zo'rah 


Zar-a-i'aa 15 


Zeeb 


Ze'reth 


Zin 


Zo'rath-ites g 


Za're-ah 


Zelah 9 


Ze'ri 3 


Zi'na 1 9 


Zo're-ah 9 


Za're-ath-ites 8 


Zelek 


Ze'ror 


Zi'on or Si'on 1 


Zo'rites 9 


Za'red 


Ze-lo'phe-ad 


Ze-ru'ah 13 


Zi'or 1 


Zo-rob'a-bel 1 


Zar'e-phath 


Ze-lo'tes 13 


Ze-rubTia-bel 


Ziph 


Zu'ar 


Zar'e-tan 


Zel'zah 


Zer-u-i'ah 15 


Zi'phah 1 


Zuph 


Za'reth Shaliar 


Zem-a-ra'im 16 


Zer-vi'ah 15 


Ziph'i-on 2 


Zur 


Zaiiiites 8 


Zem'a-rite 8 


Ze'tham 


Ziph'ites 8 


Zu'ri-el 13 


Zarta-nah 


Ze-mi'ra 


Ze'than 


Zi'phron 1 


Zu-ri-shad'da-i 5 


Zarthan 


Ze'nan 


Ze'thar 


Zip'por 


Zu'zims 



acute on the antepenultimate. Those who thus pronounce 
it plead that, in Hebrew, the penultimate vowel is short; 
but, in the word Zorcibdbel, Zopo6d6c\ they follow a differ- 



ent rule ; for, though the penultimate in Hebrew is 
they pronounce it with the antepenultimate accent" 
1 Zorobabel. — See Zabulon. 



TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY 

OF 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



EBA" 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
iJATHSHEBA, Elisheba, Beersheta. 

ADA IDA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Shamida. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Eliada, Jehoida, Bethsaida, Adida. 

EA EGA ECHA UPHA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Laodicea, Chaldea, Judea, Arimathea, Idumea, Csesarea, 
Berea, Iturea, Osea, Hosea, Omega, Hasupha. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Cenchrea, Sabtecha. 

ASHA ISHA USHA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Elisha, Jerusha. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Saasha, Shalisha. 

ATHA ITHA UTHA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Jegar-Sahadutha, Dalmanutha. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gabatha, Gabbatha, Amadatha, Hammedatha, Parshanda- 
tha, Epbphatha, Tirshatha, Admatba, Caphenatba, Poratha, 
Achmetha, Tabitha, Golgotha. 

IA 
(Pronounced in two syllables.) 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Seleucia,t Japhia, Adalia, Bethuba, Nethania, Chenania, 
Jaazania, Jamnia, Samaria, Hezia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Achaia, Arabia, Thracia, Samothracia, Grecia, Cilicia, Cap- 
padocia, Seleucia, Media, India, Pindia, Claudia, Phrygia, 
Antiochia, Casiphia, Philadelphia, Apphia, Igdaha, Julia, 
Pamphylia, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Lycaonia, Macedonia, 
Apollonia, Junia, Ethiopia, Samaria, Adria, Alexandria, Ce- 
losyria, Syria, Assyria, Asia, Persia, Mysia, Galatia, Dalmatia, 
Philistia. 

DXA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Elika. 

ALA EL A ILA AM A EMA IMA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ambela, Arbela, Macphela. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Magdala, Aquila, Aceldama, Apherema, Ashima, Jemima. 

ANA ENA INA ONA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Diana, Tryphena, Hyena, Palestina, Barjona, 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abana, Hashbadana, Amana, Ecbatana. 

OA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gilboa. Tekoa. Siloa. Eshtemoa 



* For the pronunciation of the final a in this selection, see 
Rule the 9th. 

t For this word and Samaria. Antiochia, and Alexandria, 
see the Initial Vocabulary of Greek and Latin Proper Names : 
nlso Rule 30th, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 
t I 



ARA ERA IRA URA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Guzara, Ahira, Sapphira, Thyatira, Bethsura. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Baara, Bethabara, Patara, Potiphera, Sisera 

ASA OSA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cleasa, Tryphosa. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Adas*, Amasa. 

ATA ETA ITA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ephphata, Achmeta, Melita, Hatita. 

AVA UA AZA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ahara, Malchishua, Elishua, Shamua, Jahaza. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Jeshua. Abishua, Joshua. 

AB IB OB UB 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Eliab, Sennacherib, Ishbi-Benob, Ahitob, Ahitub. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abinadab, Aminadab, Jehonadab, Jonadab, Chileab, Aholl- 
ab, Magor-Missabib. Aminadib. Ehashib, Baaizebub. B5el- 
zebub. 

AC UC 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Isaac, Syriac, Abacuc, Habbacuc. 

AD ED ID OD UD 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Almodad, Arphaxad, Elihud, Ahihud, Ahiud, Ahilud. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Galaad, Josabab, Benhadad, Gilead, Zelophead, Zelophc- 
had, Jochebed, Galeed, Ichabod, Ammihud, Abiud. 

CE DEE LEE MEE AGE YCHE OHE ILE AME OME 
ANE ENE OE OSSE VE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Phenice, Bernice, Eunice, Elelohe, Salome, Magdalene, 
Abilene, Mitylene, Cyrene, Syene, Colosse (Nazarene, pro- 
nounced in three syllables, with the accent on the last). 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Zebedee, Galilee, Ptolemee, Bethphage, Syntyche, Subfle 
Apame, Gethsemane, Siloe, Ninive. 

ITE* (in one syllable.) 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Thisbite, Shuhite, Abiezrite, Gittite, Hittite, Hivite, Buz- 
ite. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Harodite, Agagite, Areopagite, Gergashite, Morashite, Ha- 
ruphite, Ephrathite, Bethebte, Carmelite, Hamulifce, Benja- 
mite. Nehelamite. Shulamitc. Shunamite. Edomite, Temanite, 
Gilonite. Shilonite, Horonite. Amorite, Jebusite. 



* Words of this termination have the accent of the wordo 
from which they are formed, and on this account are some- 
times accented even on the preantepenultimate syllable, 
as Bethlehemite, from Bethlehem, and so of others. Words 
of this termination, therefore, of two syllables, have the ac- 
cent on the penultimate syllable ; and words of three or 
more, on the same syllable as their primitives.— See Rule 
the 8th. 



32 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



Accent the Preantcpenultimate. 
Naamathite, Jezreelite, Bethlehemite, Ephraimite (Cana- 
write, generally pronounced in three syllables, as if written 
Can-an-ite). 

AG OG 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abishag, Hamongog. 

BAH CAH DAH EAH CHAH SHAH THAH 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Zobazibah, Makkedab, Abidah, Elishah. 

Accent the Antepenudimate. 
Dinhabah, Aholibah, Meribah, Abelbethmaacah, Abadah, 
Moladah, Zeredah, Jedidah, Gibeah, Shimeah, Zaphnath- 
Piianeah, Meachah, Berachah, Baashah, Eliathah. 

AIAH EIAH 
(Ai and ei pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Micaiah,* Michaiah, Benaiah, Isaiah, Iphedeiah, Maaseiah. 

(Ai pronounced in two syllables.) 
Adaiah, Pedaiah, Semaiah, Seraiah, Asaiah. 

IAH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abiah, Rheabiah, Zibiah, Tobiah, Maadiah, Zebadiah, Oba- 
diah, Noadiab, Jedidiah, Ahiah, Pekahiah, Jezrahiah, Bara- 
chiah, Japhiah, Bithiah, Hezekiah, Hilkiah, Zedekiah, Ada- 
liah, Gedahah, Igdaliah, Athaliah, Hachaliah, Remaliah, Nehe- 
miah, Shelemiah, Mesheleraiah, Jeremiah, Shebaniah, Zeph- 
aniah, Nethaniah, Chenaniah, Hananiah, Coniah, Jeconiah, 
Sheariah, Zachariah, Zechariah, Amariah, Shemariah, Aza- 
riah, Neariah, Moriah, Uriah, Josiah, Messiah, Shephatiab, 
Pelatiah, Ahaziah, Amaziah, Asaziah, Uzziah. 

JAH 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Aijah, Abijah, Jehidijah, Ahijah, Elijah, Adonijah, Irijah, 
Tobadonijah, Urijah, Hallelujah, Zerujah. 

KAH LAH MAH NAH OAH RAH SAH TAH VAH 
UAH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Rebekah, Azekah, Machpelah, Aholah, Abel-meholah, Beu- 
iah, Elkanah, Hannah, Kirjath-sannah, Harbonah, Hashmo- 
nah, Zahnonah, Shiloah, Noah, Manoah, Zanoah, Uzzen-she- 
rah. Zipporah, Keturah, Hadassah, Malchishuah, Shammuah, 
Jehovah, Zeruah. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Marrekah, Baalah, Shuthelah, Telmelah, Methuselah, Hach- 
ilah, Hackilah, Dalilah, Delilah, Havilah, Raamah, Aholib- 
amah, Adamah, Elishamah, Ruhamah, Loruhamah, Kede- 
snah, Ashimah, Jemimah, Penninah, Baarah, Taberah, Debo- 
rah, Ephratah, Paruah. 

ACH ECH OCH 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Merodach, Evil-nierodach. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ahisamach, Ebed-melech, Abimelech, Ahimelech, Elime- 
lech, Alammelech, Anammelech, Adrammelech, Regename- 
lech, Nathan-melech, A-ioch, Antioch. 

KEH LEH VEH APH EPH ASH ESH ISH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
filealeh, Elioreph, Jehoash. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rabshakeh, Nineveh, Ebiasaph, Bethshemesh, Enshemesh, 
Oarchemish. 

ATH ETH ITH OTH UTH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Goliath, Jehovah-jireth, Hazar-maveth, Baal-berith, Reho- 
both, Arioth, Nebaioth,t Naioth, Moseroth, Hazeroth, Piha- 
hiroth, Mosoroth, Allon-bachuth. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Mahalath, Bashemath, Asenath, Daberath, Elisabeth, Dab- 

basheth, Jerubbesheth, Ishbosheth, Mephibosheth, Haro- 

»heth, Zoheleth, Bechtileth, Shibboleth, Tanhumeth, Genes- 



* For the pronunciation of the last two syllables of these 
words, see Rule 5th prefixed to Scripture Proper Names. 
\ The ai in this and the next word form but one syllable. 
See Rule 5. 



areth, Asbazareth, Nazareth, Mazzareth, Kirharaeeth, Shel- 
omith, Sheminith, Lapidoth, Anathoth, Kerioth, Shemira- 
moth, Kedemoth, Ahemoth, Jerimoth, Sigionoth, Ashtaroth, 
Mazzaroth. 

AI 

(Pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Chelubai, Asmadai, Sheshai, Shimshai, Hushai, Zilthal, 

Berothai, Talmai, Tolmai, Sinai, Talnai, Arbonai, Sarai, Sip- 

pai, Bezai. 

Accent ilie Antepenultimate. 
Mordecai, Sibbachai, Chephar-Hammonai, Paaral. 
AI 



Ai. 



(Pronounced in two syllables.; 
Accent the Penultimate. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Zabbai, Babai, Nebai, Shobai, Subai, Zaccai, Shaddai, Aml- 
shaddai, Aridai, Heldai, Hegai, Haggai, Belgai, Bilgai, Abi- 
shai, Uthai, Adlai, Barzillai, Ulai, Sisamai, Shalmai, Sham- 
mai, Eliaenai, Tatnai, Shether-boznai, Naharai, Sharai, Sham 
sherai, Shitrai, Arisai, Bastai, Bavai, Bigvai, Uzai. 

Dl EI LI MI NI 01 PI RI UI ZI 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Areli, Loammi, Talithacumi, Gideoni, Benoni, Hazelepon!. 
Philippi, Gehazi. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Engedi, Simei, Shimei, Edrei, Bethbirei, Abisei, Baali 
Naphthali, Nephthah, Pateoli, Adami, Naomi, Hanani, Beer- 
lahairoi, Mehari, Haahashtari, Jesiii. 

EK UK 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Adonizedek, Adonibezek. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Melchizedek, Amalek, Habakkuk. 

AAL EAL IAL ITAL UTAL 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Baal, Kirjath-baal, Hamutal. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Meribbaal, Eshbaal, Ethbaal, Jerubaal, TabSal, Bella) 



Jael, Abel. 



AEL ABEL EBEL 
Accent the Penultimate. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gabael, Michael, Raphael, Mishael, Mehujael, Abimael, Isb- 
mael, Ismael, Anael, Nathanael, Israel, Asael, Zerubbabel, 
Zerobabel, Mehetabel, Jezebel. 

EEL OGEL AHEL ACHEL APHEL OPHEL ETHEL 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Enrogel, Rachel, Elbethel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Tabeel, Abdeel, Japhaleel, Mahaleel, Bezaleel, Hanameel, 
Jerahmeel, Hanangel, Nathaneel, Jabneel, Jezreel, Hazgel 
Asahel, Barachel, Amraphel, Achitophel. 

IEL KEL 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Peniel, Uzziel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abiel, Tobiel, Adiel, Abdiel, Gaddiel, Pagiel, SalathieL 
Ithiel, Ezekiel, Gamaliel, Shelumiel, Daniel, C»thniel, Arisl 
Gabriel, Uriel, Shealtiel, Putiel, Haziel, Hiddekel. 

UEL EZEL 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Deuel, Raguel, Bethuel, Pethuel, Hamuel, Jemuel, Kemuel 
Nemuel, Phanuel, Penuel, Jeruel, Bethezel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Samuel,* Lemuel, Emanuel, Immanuei. 

AIL 
(Pronounced in two syllables.) 
Accent the Penultimate, 
Abih&il. 

* See Rule the 17th prefixed to Scripture Proper Names. 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



83 



AIL 

(Pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abigail. 

OL UL 



Bethgamul. 



Accent the Penultimate. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 



Eshtaol. 

ODAM AHAM IAM IJAM IKAM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Elmodam, Abijam, Ahikam. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abraham, Miriam, Adonikam. 

OAM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Kehoboam, Roboam, Jeroboam. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Siloam, Abinoam, Ahinoam. 

ARAM IRAM ORAM 
Accent the Penultimate, 
Padanaram, Abiram, Hiram, Adoniram, Adoram, Hado- 
ram, Jehoram. 

AHEM EHEM ALEM EREM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Menahem, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Eeth-haccerem. 

AIM* 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Chusan-Rishathaim, Kirjathaim, Bethdiblathaim, Rama- 
maim, Adithaim, Msrephothmaim, Abelmaim, Mahanaim, 
Manhanaim, Horonaim, Shaaraim, Adoraim, Sepharvaim. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rephaim, Dofhaim, Eglaim, Carnaim, Sharaim ; Ephraim, 
Beth-ephraim, Mizraim, Abel-mizraim. 

BIM CHIM PHIM KIM LIM NIM RIM ZIM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Sarsechim, Zeboim, Kirjatharim, Bahurim, Kelkath-hazu- 
rim. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Cherubim, Lehabim, Rephidim, Seraphim, Teraphim, Elia- 
kim, Jehoiakim, Joiakim, Joakim, Baalim, Dedanim, Ethanim, 
Abarim, Bethhaccerim, Kirjath-jearim, Hazerim, Baal-pera- 
zim, Gerizim, Gazizim. 

DOM LOM AUM IUM NUM RUM TUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Obededom, Appii-forum, Miletum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abishalom, Absalom, Capernaum, Rhegium, Trogyllium, 
fconium, Adramyttium, Galbanum. 

AAN CAN DAN EAN THAN IAN MAN NAN 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Memucan, Chaldean, Ahiman, Elhanan, Johanan, Haman. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Canaan, Chanaan, Merodach-baladan, Nebuzaradan, Elna- 
th&n, Jonathan, Midian, Indian, Phrygian, Italian, Macedo- 
nian, Ethiopian, Syrian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Naaraan. 

AEN VEN CHIN MIN ZIN 
Accent the Penultimate., 
Manaen, Bethaven, Chorazin. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Jehoiachin, Benjamin. 

BON AGON EPHON ASHON AION ION ALON ELON 
ULON YLON MON NON RON YON THUN RUN 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Bial-meon, Beth-dagon, Baal-zephou, Naashon, Higgaion, 
Shiggaion, Chilion, Orion, Esdrelon, Baal-hamon, Philemon, 
Ahiron, Beth-horon. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gibeon, Zibeon, Gedeon, Gideon, Simeon, Pirathon, Hero- 



* In this selection the ai form distinct syllables. — See 
kale 16. 



dion, Carnion, Sirion, Ascalon, Ajalon, Askelon, Zebulon, 
Babylon, Jeshimon, Tabrimon, Solomon, Lebanon, Aaron, 
Apoilyon, Jaduthun, Jeshurun. 

EGO 1CH0 HIO LIO 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ahio. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abednego, Jericho, Gallio. 

AR ER IR OR UR 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ahishar, Baal-tamar, Balthasar, Eliiazar, Eziongeber, Tig. 
lath-pileser, Shalmaneser, Hadadezer, Abiezer, Ahiezer, Elie- 
zer, Romantiezer, Ebenezer, Joezer, Sharezer, Havoth-jair, 
Asnoth-tabor, Beth-pcor, Baal-peor, Nicanor, Philometor. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Issachar, Potiphar, Abiathar, Ithamar, Shemeber, Luciibr, 
Chedorlaomer, Aroer, Sosipater, Sopater, Achior, Nebuchod- 
onosor, Eupator, Shedeur, Abishur, Pedahzur. 

AAS BAS EAS PHAS IAS LAS MAS NAS OAS PAS 
RAS TAS YAS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Oseas, Esaias, Tobias, Sedecias, Abadias, Asadias, Abdias, 
Barachias, Ezechias, Mattathias, Matthias, Ezekias, Neemias, 
Jeremias, Ananias, Assanias, Azarias, Ezerias, Josias, Ozias, 
Bageas, Aretas, Onyas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Annaas, Barsabas, Patrobas, Eneas, Phineas, Caiaphas, 

Cleophas, Herodias, Euodias, Georgias, Amphas, Lysanias, 

Gabrias, Tiberias, Lysias, Nicolas, Ar tern as, Elymas, Parme- 

nas, Siloas, Antipas, Epaphras. 

CES DES EES GES HES LES NES SES TES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Gentiles,* Rameses, Mithridates, Euphrates. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rabsaces, Arsaces, Nomades, Phinees, Astyages, Diotre 
phes, Epiphanes, Tahaphanes, Hermogenes, Tapbenes, Ca 
hsthenes, Sosthenes, Eumenes. 

ENES and INES 
(In one syllable.) 
Accent the Ultimate. 
Gadarenes, Agarenes, Hagarenes. 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Philistines (pronounced like Philistins). 

ITES 
(Pronounced in one syllable.) 
[Words of this termination have the accent of the words 
from which they are formed, which sometimes occasions 
the accent to be placed even on the preantepenultimate syl- 
lable ; as, Gileadites, from Gilead, and so of others. Words 
of this termination, therefore, of two syllables, have the ac- 
cent on the penultimate syllable ; and words of three or 
more, on the same syllable as their primitives.] 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Gadites, Kenites. Jamnites, Levites, Hittites, Hivites. 

Aivsnt the Antepenultimate. 
Rechabites, Moabites, Gergeshites, Nahathites, Kohathitea, 
Pelethites, Cherethites, Uzzielites, Tarpelites, Elamites. 
Edomites, Reubenites, Ammonites, Hermonites, Ekronites 
Hagarites, Nazarites, Amorites, Geshurites, Jebusites, Nine- 
vites, Jesuites, Perizzites. 

Accent the Preantepenultimate. 
Gileadites, Amalekites, Ishmaelites, Israehtes, Midianites 
Gibeonites, Aaronites. 

OTES 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Zelotes. 



Accent the Penultimate. 
Elimais. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Antiochis, Amathis, Baahs, DecapoMs, Ngapolis, Hierapo 
lis, Persepolis, Amphipohs, Tripohs, Nicopolis, Scythopolii 
Salamis, Damaris, Vabsaris, Antipatris, Atargatis. 



* Gentiles.— This may be considered as an English word, 
and should be pronounced in two syllables, as if written Jen- 
tiles, the last syllable as the plural of tile. 



84 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



IMS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Emims, Zamzummims, Zuzims. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rephaims, Gammadims, Cherethims, Anakims, Nethinims, 
Chemarims. 

ANS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Sabe"ans, Laodiceans, Assideans, Galileans, Idumgans, Epi- 
ureans. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Arabians, Grecians. Herodians. Antiochians. Corinthians. 
Parthians, Scythians, Athenians, Cyrenians, Macedonians, 
Zidonians, Babylonians, Lacedemonians, Ethiopians, Cypri- 
ans, Syrians, Assyrians, Tyrians, Ephesians, Persians, Gala- 
tians, Cretians, Egyptians, Nicolaitans, Scythopolitans, Sa- 
maritans. Libyans. 

MOS NOS AUS BUS CUS DUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Archelaus, Menelaus, Abubus, Andronicus, Seleucus, 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pergamos, Stephanos, Emmaus, Agabus, Bartacus, Achai- 
cofl, Tychicus, Aradus. 

EUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Daddeus, Asmodeus, Aggeus, Zaccheus, Ptolemeus, Mac- 
cabeus, Lebbeus, Cendebeus, Thaddeus, Mardocheus, Mor- 
docheus, Alpheus, Timeus, Bartimeus, Hyireneus, Elizeus. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Dositheus, Timotheus, Nereus. 

GUS CHUS THUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Areopagus, Philologus, Lysimachus, Antiochus, Eutychus, 
Amadathus. 



Darius. 



IUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gaius, Athenobius, Cornelius, Numenius, Cyrenius, Apci 
lonius, Tiberius, Demetrius, Mercurius, Dionysius, Pontius, 
Tertius. 

LUS MUS NUS RUS SUS TUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Aristobulus, Eubulus, Nicodemus, Ecanus, Hircanus, Aur» 
nus, Sylvanus, Ahasuerus, Assuerus, Heliodorus, Arcturuc 
Bar-jesus, Fortunatus, Philetus, Epaphroditus, Azotus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Attalus, Theophilus, Alcimus, Trophimus, Onesimus, Didy. 
mus, Libanus, Antihbanus, Sarchedonus, Acheacharus, Laza 
rus, Citherus, Elutherus, Jairus, Prochorus, Onesiphorus 
Asapharasus, Ephesus, Epenetus, Asyncritus. 

AT ET OT 1ST OST 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ararat. Eliphalet, Gennesaret, Iscariot, Ant'-C'hrlat, Pente 
cost 

EU HU ENU EW MY 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Casleu, Chisleu, Abihu, Andrew. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Jehovah-Tsidkenu, Bartholomew, Jeremy. 

BAZ GAZ HAZ PHAZ 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Mahar-shalal-hash-baz, Shaash-gaz, Elipha? 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Jehoahaz. 



A VOCABULARY, 



GIVING 



THE PRONUNCIATION 



MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



JOSEPH THOMAS, M.D., 

AOTHOB OF THE SYSTEM OF PBONUNCIATION OF FCBEIGN NiilES IN THE 
"UNTVEKSAZ PBONOUNCINO 



PREFATORY REMARKS. 



It may be proper to inform the reader that the following Vocabulary is, with some slight ex 
•-eptions, extracted from Baldwin's Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer; the system of 
pronunciation, both as regards the general principles and the particular mode of marking the 
"■ounds, being essentially the same as that in the work referred to. In accordance with our 
proposed plan and narrow limits, this Vocabulary is necessarily less full than the original work 
in several respects; among which we may particularly mention the explanation and defense of 
our system of geographical orthoepy, and the insertion and pronunciation of adjectives derived 
from the names of places. While referring to the original work those who are desirous of ob- 
taining full information on the points alluded to, we may be permitted to observe that the ut- 
most pains have been taken to render this Vocabulary as perfect as possible of its kind ; and 
notwithstanding its limited size, we hope and believe that it will be found not only more ac- 
curate, but in several respects more complete and satisfactory, than any other work of the sort 
that has yet appeared. 

It is not compatible with our plan, as has been already intimated, to enter here into a par- 
ticular explanation and defense of our system of geographical pronunciation. Indeed, such a 
course is perhaps rendered unnecessary by the flattering marks of favor with which the Pro- 
nouncing Gazetteer has been universally received. It is, however, deemed proper, foi the sake 
of those who may not be familiar with the subject — first, to show as succinctly as possible why a 
standard of geographical orthoepy is needed ; secondly, to explain briefly the system which we 
have adopted, setting forth at the same time a few of the principal reasons which led to its 
adoption ; thirdly, to show how far this work may claim to be a standard on the subject of 
which it treats ; and, lastly, to point out some of the more important features in which ours differs 
from other systems of geographical pronunciation. 

I. The pronunciation of geographical names has ever been a source of perplexity to all those 
who are desirous of speaking correctly. But to none, probably, has it occasioned so much em- 
barrassment as to the conscientious teacher. Anxious not to teach error — not to lead his pupils 
into faulty habits of pronunciation, which it might afterward be difficult or impossible entirely 
to overcome, he looks around for some rule or guide competent to direct him aright, but finds 
himself involved in a labyrinth of perplexity from which he can discover no egress. It is in 
vain that he turns to the practice of the intelligent portion of society, for among them he finds 
an almost infinite discrepancy to prevail. If he attempts to form a system for himself, and, 
in accordance with what may appear to be the clear dictates of sound common sense, aims to 
pronounce all geographical names as they are written, giving to every letter its proper English 
sound, ho will meet with insuperable difficulties. For it is next to impossible to pronounce 
many foreign names according to the English sound of the letters, e. g., Czernigow, Ljusne, 
Szegedin, &c. In many instances he will be unable to determine what is the proper En- 
glish sound of the letters. What, for example, is the proper English sound of the diphthong 
ei ? Should it be pronounced like ee, as in the words seize, ceiling, receive, or like ai, as in 
vein, weight, inveigh, or like i long, as in height, sleight, &c. ? Shall Seine be pronounced 
seen, sane, or sine ? or shall we sound the final e, and make it see-nee, sai-nee, or si-nee 1 
Such a system, if system it can be called, would evidently lead to the greatest confusion, and in- 
crease the discrepancy in the pronunciation of geographical names, which is already so prevalent. 

II. If, on the other hand, he aims to conform his practice to that of our most intelligent 
travelers, and pronounce foreign names as they are pronounced by the well-educated people of 
the respective countries to which they belong, he will have to encounter the most serious ob- 
stacles. For, even if he has it in his power (which can rarely fall to the lot of any one) to 
learn from competent instructors, the elements of pronunciation of all the principal European 
and Asiatic tongues, how shall he be certain that the names which he seeks to pronounce, in 
any particular language, may not be exceptions to the general rules of pronunciation in that 
language ? We shall often find persons who speak French, in general, exceedingly well, and 
who yet pronounce Aix, ai, and Blas (in Gil-Bias), bla, not knowing that these names are 
among the many exceptions to the general rule of the French language, which requires that the 
final consonant of a word (not immediately followed by another word beginning with a vowel) 
should be mute. Many persons perfectly familiar with the elements of Spanish pronunciation, 
will yet be unable to pronounce correctly such names as Queretaro, Panama, Cordova, Merida, 
and Cardenas, because they are not aware that these names form exceptions to the general rule 
of Spanish accentuation, which requires that the accent should be placed on the last syllable of 
a word ending with a consonant, and on the next to the last of a word ending with a vowel. 
From the preceding observations, it will be sufficiently evident to every intelligent mind, that if 
persons should attempt to pronounce geographical names according to the English sounds of th 



58 PREFATORY REMARKS. 

etters, or should adopt the foreign sounds without any other guide than the general prmc» 
pies of pronunciation in each language, they would be involved in the greatest embarrassment, 
not to say, inextricable confusion ; and that, in order to insure uniformity in this department of 
orthoepy, a generally recognized system or standard is absolutely requisite. 

III. The system of pronouncing, as a general rule, all geographical names as they are pro 
nounced by the well-educated people of the respective countries to which they belong, though 
attended with some disadvantages, is, on the whole, undoubtedly the best that can be adopted. 
It is not only followed by the best speakers and poets* of Great Britain and the United States, 
but appears to be also fully recognized by the Germans, as will be seen by consulting some of 
their most popular works on Geography, e. g., Cannabich's Lehrbuch der Geographic, and 
Volger's Handbuch der Geographic Even the French, though perhaps less inclined to 
adopt the practices of other nations than any other people in Christendom, show a decided 
tendency in the same direction. The recently increased facilities of intercourse between dif- 
ferent parts of the world, by making us familiar with the native pronunciation of names in other 
countries, have doubtless exerted a powerful influence toward the introduction of such a sys- 
tem of geographical pronunciation. 

IV. A strong argument against pronouncing the names of foreign places according to the 
English sound of the letters, and in favor of calling them as they are called by the inhabitants 
tnemselves, is derived from the fact that in a multitude of instances the same name is written 
variously. Thus, in Spanish, x and j (and g before e and i), having precisely the same sound, 
are sometimes used indifferently in spelling words or names. Hence we often see Jalisco 
and Xalisco, both pronounced by the inhabitants Ha-lis'ko or Ha-lees'ko; Jalapa and Xalapa, 
both pronounced Ha-la'pa. Xixona is spelled in three different ways, Xixona, Jijona, and 
Gijona, all pronounced He-Ho'na. How perplexing and absurd would it be, sometimes to call 
Jalisco, ja-lis'ko, and sometimes za-lis'ko, or to pronounce Xixona sometimes zix-o'na, some- 
times je-jo'na or ji-jo'na, and sometimes ghe-jo'na or ghi-jo'na. Many Asiatic and African 
names are written variously, according as the writer attributes to the letters he employs a 
French, German, or English sound. Thus, if a Frenchman should visit the capital of Fezzan 
in Africa, and wish to indicate the sound of the name as pronounced by the natives, he would 
write Mourzouk, a German would write Mursuk, and an Englishman would, or at least 
should, j write Moorzook ; all these spellings being intended to represent exactly the same sound. 
In the same manner, the capital of Afghanistan is written Caboul, Cabul, and Cabool ; the 
name of another town is written Sourmoul, Surmul, and Soormool. What confusion, what 
barbarous jargon would result from attempting to pronounce such names as these according to 
the ordinary English sounds of the letters. We should then have sometimes Mowr-zowk. 
Ca-bowl (rhyming with howl), and Sowr-mowl, for the ordinary English sound of ou is like ow 
in cow ; sometimes Miir-siik or Mur-zuck, Ca-buV, Ccl'bul, or Cab'ul, and Sur-mill ; and some- 
times Moor-zook, Cab-ool, and Soor-mool, which last is the true pronunciation. Hundreds of 
similar examples might be adduced. 

We have been the more explicit on this head because, previously to the preparation of the 
Pronouncing Gazetteer, no attempt that we are aware of was ever made toward explaining 
and reconciling this diversity in the mode of writing geographical names, though it has long 
been a source of great perplexity even to the most intelligent geographers. Particular pains 
have been taken with this class of names in the following Vocabulary. All the different modes 
of writing them have been sought out with great care, and are given under their alphabetical 
heads with a reference to what is considered to be the true spelling. Hence the Vocabulary 
will not only be found useful as a system of pronunciation, but by means of it, the inquirer will 
be able to identify every important geographical name in spite of its various disguises. — Only a 
few days previous to our writing these remarks, a friend was reading an article in a news- 
paper, in which the Nabajoe Indians were spoken of. He was quite at a loss, for though 
he had often heard of the Navahoes, he had no knowledge whatever of the Nabajoes. He 
immediately called our attention to the subject, and the difficulty was readily explained. The 
Indians alluded to, reside in the southeast part of California. The Mexicans spell the name 
Nabajo or Nabajoa (pronounced na-va-Ho' or na-va-Ho'a), while our traders, aiming to express 
the same sound with English letters, write it Navahoc. 

V. Two important limitations are to be made to the general rule, that foreign names should 
be pronounced after the manner of the well-educated people of the respective countries to 
which such names belong. 

* For the usage of the poets, with regard to the pronunciation of geographical names, see pages 19, 20, 2t 
and 22 of the Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer. 

t It is much to be regretted that many English writers spell such names after the French or German mode, 
without affording us any clew to the true pronunciation. Even in the same work we shall frequently find one 
name written in the German, another in the French, and another in the English manner. By some writers 
the same name is often written differently in different parts of the same work. It is unnecessary to say how 
utterly perplexing such a practice must prove to all those who are not thoroughly conversant with the subject 
in question. (Those who wish to pursue this subject further, are referred to pages 28 and 29 of the Universal 
Pronouncing Gazetteer ; also to the "Table of Different Spellings," at the end of the Introduction in the third 
aDd subsequent editions of that work.) 



PREFATORY REMARKS. 89 

r irst, the names of well-known foreign places, as Paris, Lyons, Hanover, Berlin, and Mexico, 
Jiaving become fully Anglicized (like the French words introduced into the English language 
Boon after the Norman Conquest), are for the most part to be pronounced, by Englishmen and 
Americans, according to the sounds and accent of the English language. Thus we should say 
Par'is, and not par'-ree' ; Ly'ons, not Io'-on' ; Han'o-ver, not Han-no'ver ; Ber'lin, not ber- 
leen' ; and Mex'i-co, not Meh'he-ko. In like manner, names of foreign origin, occurring in out 
own country, as Detroit, Wisconsin, Arkansas, and Texas, should be, and generally are, An- 
glicized to a greater or less extent. What, indeed, can be more absurd than for the mere 
English scholar to be striving to give such names as Detroit and Wisconsin (or Ouisconsin) a 
French pronunciation, viz., da v -trwa', wis v -koN v -saN' (almost wis-kong-sang), when, perhaps, in 
many instances the very people with whom those names originated have ceased to speak" the 
language of their ancestors. For reasons similar to the above, we are in favor of pronouncing 
Rio del Norte rl'o del nort, and not ree'o del nor'ta, since a large majority of those who 
have most occasion to pronounce this name, speak the English language. (See Rio del Norte 
in the Vocabulary.) 

The other limitation to the rule above mentioned, refers to those foreign names (not French) 
which contain sounds difficult for a mere English scholar to utter, like the German ch and w, 
and the Spanish d, in the middle or at the end of a word. In these cases we follow the 
established mode of Anglicizing such sounds. Accordingly, we would have the Englsh scholar 
pronounce the German ch like our k, and w and d as they are pronounced in English. We 
do not place the difficult French sounds in the same list, because, in consequence of this being 
more studied than any other foreign language, it is more usual for English speakers to adopt 
all the peculiar sounds of the letters in pronouncing French names. 

VI. In carrying out the system of geographical pronunciation recommended in the fore- 
going remarks, the great point at which we have most studiously aimed has been accuracy. 
Destitute of this, such a work must necessarily be useless, or worse than useless, since it must 
either fail to inspire that confidence, without which few would be at the trouble of leferring to 
its pages, or else it will teach what were far better untaught — error. That no one may be 
deterred from studying this important branch of education, by the notion that there is nothing 
settled or certain in the pronunciation of geographical names, or by the fear that he may fre- 
quently have to unlearn what he has bestowed much time and labor to acquire, it may be 
proper — indeed, it is due, as we conceive, to the public as well as to ourselves — to explain briefly 
the course we have pursued in order to insure perfect accuracy, and to state as succinctly as 
possible the claims of our work to be regarded as a standard of geographical orthoepy, to which 
all may with confidence appeal. 

To insure perfect accuracy in the pronunciation of foreign names, we have not only been 
anxious to avail ourselves of the assistance of the very best scholars our country affords in each 
of the different European languages, but have omitted no opportunity of seeking information 
from travelers, and gentlemen who, by long residence in South America, Asia, or Africa, have 
become more or less familiar with the language and practices of those remote regions. This 
is not all. With regard to all points of doubt and difficulty, and especially with regard to the 
names of places in those countries which are veiy rarely visited by Europeans, we have care- 
fully consulted the best geographical works in the French and German languages. In this man- 
ner we have been enabled not only to detect several important errors in respect to foreign 
countries (errors which have in some instances been extended almost, beyond the possibility 
of eradication, in consequence of one English or American writer copying another, without re- 
ferring to the original authorities), but also to determine the true pronunciation of a number of 
names, about which information could be obtained from no other source. To illustrate by 
example : we find the name of a large river in Chin-India written on our maps Meinam. 
From this spelling alone it would be impossible to say whether the name should be pronounced 
mee-nam, mai-nam, or ml-nam. Some of our best authorities (among others Mr. Worcester) 
adopt the last pronunciation. We find, however, that Malte-Brun and Balbi, the two best as 
well as most celebrated geographers of modern times, write it in French Meinam, to be pro- 
nounced ma-nam or ma-e-nam ; for it is an established rule in French pronunciation to sound 
ei like a in fate, or ay in day, and in no instance do we find them to pronounce this diphthong 
either like the ee or the long i of our language. Again, Cannabich, the celebrated German 
geographer, writes the above name Menam, which the Germans would pronounce ma-nam ; 
for the first syllable can not, compatibly with the fixed principles of the German tongue be 
pronounced either mee or ml. We have accordingly given ma-nam' as the true pronunciation. 
We will cite another example. Houssa is the name of a country in the interior of North 
Africa, of which little is known to Europeans. Judging from the spelling, we might suppose 
that it should be pronounced hoos-sa, since it is so very common for English travelers to use ou 
in its French sound, when writing the words or names of Asiatic and African countries. Mr. 
Worcester pronounces the name in this manner in his new octavo Dictionaiy. We find, how- 
ever, on referring to Malte-Brun and Balbi, that the same name is written in French Haoussa; 
Cannabich writes it in German Haussa, both pronounced hovv-sa. Hence we infer with con- 
fidence that Houssa is the true English spelling, and that the first syllable should be pronounced 



$ PREFATORY REMARKS. 

like our word house. Many similar instances might be cited, wherein we have been able re 
ascertain the pronunciation of names merely by observing the manner in which they are writ- 
ten in different languages, but these two examples will perhaps suffice to illustrate the principle. 

As an evidence that so much care has not been bestowed in vain, we can affirm, that although, 
since the first publication of the Pronouncing Gazetteer, our attention, as well as that of several 
of our literary friends, has been constantly directed toward the detection of any errors which 
may have escaped us in that work, we have not yet been able to discover more than two of 
any importance, in the pronunciation of foreign names. We have given Angely (in Jean 
d'Angely, Saint), pronounced in two syllables, when we should have given Angely, to be 
pronounced in three syllables. Balbi (whose work is adopted by the University of France) 
uniformly writes it Angely, and hence we were led into the error. .The other mistake occurs 
in the name Vele'z Malaga. We had at first placed the accent on the last syllable of Vclez, 
according to the general rule of the Spanish language, but this name happens to be one of the 
exceptions alluded to in Section II. 

With regard to the names of our own country, we have not, perhaps, been less successful, 
though the difficulties here have been somewhat greater, owing to the changes that are con- 
stantly taking place among our enterprising and restless population. We at first accentuated 
Michigan on the last syllable, according to the old French pronunciation, but we find that the 
people of that state, almost without exception, now place the accent on the first syllable. We 
have given it accordingly in this Vocabulary. Two or three other changes of minor importance 
have been made. We must, however, acknowledge that frequently we have omitted in the 
Gazetteer the pronunciation altogether, and in this Vocabulary the name also, from the im- 
possibility of ascertaining satisfactorily the true pronunciation. (See Advertisement to the 
Third Edition of the Pronouncing Gazetteer, pages v. and vi.) For, however desirable it may 
be that a work of this kind should contain every geographical name, we have deemed it of far 
more consequence to ascertain and fix the pronunciation even of a few of those which are 
in common use, than to give at random that of an immense multitude, many of which, perhaps, 
would be rarely, if ever, met with. In short, we have ever sought to be guided by the maxim, 
" Better teach nothing than teach error." 

VII. The system adopted by us differs materially in two points from the other systems of 
geographical pronunciation which have hitherto been given to the public. First, in giving in a 
parenthesis the native spelling and pronunciation of those European names which have become 
thoroughly Anglicized ; for exampale, Dant'zic (Ger. Danzig, dant'siG) ; Leg-horn' (It. Livorno, 
le-vor'no) ; Sev'ille (Sp. Sevilla, sa-veel'ya) ; Co-run'na (Sp. Coruria, ko-roon'ya.) ; Lis'bon 
(Port. Lisboa, lis-bo'a.), &c. This is not a matter calculated merely to gratify the curiosity 
of literary dilettanti, but one which will be found, we believe, of great practical utility ; since 
it is usual not only for the poets to employ the more euphonious names of Sevilla, Lisboa, 
Livorno, &c, instead of their ordinary Anglicized forms, but several of our most popular prose 
writers, as well as some of our best maps (those, for example, published by the Society for the 
Diffusion of Useful Knowledge), sometimes give the literal foreign name without explaining it 
by its English synonym. 

The other point of difference, is the insertion in their alphabetical place, of all the various 
spellings and synonyms of important geographical names, with a reference to what we con- 
sider the preferable spelling or more usual name. (For an explanation of the various modes of 
writing Asiatic and African names, the reader is referred to Section IV.) Thus we not only 
give Mourzouk and Mursuk, Our fa and JJrfa, in their respective alphabetical places, referring 
to Moorzook and Oorfa ; but when a place has two or three entirely different names, we have 
made it a point to give them all, referring the others to the more usual appellation, as in 
the case of Sweera and Mogadore, and of Amazon, Maranon, and Orellana. Mogadore is 
called Sweera (usually written Suira) by the inhabitants, and is not unfrequently so named by 
European writers. We give both, but under Suira and Sweera refer to Mogadore, as this is 
the more usual name. So, under Maranon and Orellana, the inquirer is referred to Amazon. 

From not carefully attending to this subject, a number of important errors have been com- 
mitted by some of our best and most popular writers on geography. One Gazetteer describes 
Schirvan and Shirvan as two different provinces of Persia. In another work, which justly 
ranks among our very best, Clara, Seara, and Siara (a small town of Brazil, near 4° S. lat. 
and 39° W. Ion.) are represented as three entirely distinct places ; though one who should 
carefully observe their latitudes and longitudes, which differ but slightly, would naturally won- 
der how three such towns, so similar in the sound of their names, and each on a river of its 
own name, could be situated so near to each other. 

In conclusion, we commit the result of our labors to an enlightened public, not with any con- 
fidence or hope that it will be found to be without defects, but encouraged by the persuasion 
that those whose criticism is most to be valued or feared, will be most capable of appreciating 
the great and numerous difficulties to be encountered in executing such a task as we have un- 
dertaken, and will best know how to make allowance for those imperfections, which, notwith- 
standing all the care and labor bestowed, may perhaps be discovered in our work. 



ELEMENTS 

OF THE 

PRONUNCIATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN 

LANGUAGES. 



Vowels. 

1. In the continental languages of Europe, a never has a 
sound like that in the English words fate, name, but is usu- 
ally like the a in far or father, sometimes approximating that 
in fat. 

2. E generally has a sound similar to a in fate, or else to e 
in met. In French it is often silent. 

3. I usually sounds as in our word marine, i. e., like our 
long e ; but it is not unfrequently short, as in pin. 

4. O has nearly the same sound as in English, in no, not, 
and nor, except in Swedish and Norwegian, when it is pro- 
nounced like our oo. 

5. U is pronounced in most languages like our oo ; but in 
French and Dutch it has a sound intermediate between oo 
and long e, which can be learned from an oral instructor 
only. 

6. Y is usually pronounced like i, that is, like our e. In 
Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish it sounds like the French 
u ; in Dutch it is like our long i. 

Diphthongs. 

7. The diphthong ee or a is generally pronounced nearly 
like our a in fate, or e in met. In Dutch ae is like a in far. 

8. Ai and ay are generally sounded like our long i. In 
French they are similar in sound to our a in fate, or ay 
in day. 

9. Au has generally the sound of the English ou, as in our, 
irtur, &c. In French au and eau are pronounced like long o. 

10. Ei and ey are generally proper diphthongs, combining 
the sounds of a in fate and e in me, being similar to ay in 
day, when this word is pronounced very full. In German 
they are like our long i; in French nearly like our a in fate. 

11. Eu in French has a sound similar to u in our word/wr, 
or like u in tub, but more prolonged ; in German, eu and au 
?ound like oi in English. 

12. The diphthong ie is usually pronounced like our ee, or 
i long. 

13. Oe»or occurs in several of the European languages, 
»nd is usually pronounced nearly like the French eu, or e in 
ho English word her. Perhaps one who has no opportunity 
if learning this sound from an oral instructor, might form 
tome idea of it by combining the sounds of short u and e 
"-M in tub and e in met) thus, ue, and allowing the voice to 
dwell a little on u. Guthe might be pronounced gu'et-eh, 
almost guh'et-ah. Care, however, must be taken not to sep- 
arate the u and e too much. They should rather form one 
long syllable than two short ones. 

14. Oi in French is usually sounded like woh or wa ; thus 
Xoi is pronounced twoh or twa. Sometimes, however, it has 
fiie sound of ai, or nearly the sound of a in fate. 

15. Ou in French is like our oo. 

16. Ue or u sounds like the French u. 

Consonants. 
The consonants in the continental languages of Europe are 
generally similar in sound to the same letters in English. 
The following exceptions may be mentioned : 

17. B, at the end of a word in German, is pronounced like 
p ; between two vowels in Spanish its sound is similar to v. 

18. C, before e and i in Italian, is pronounced like ch in the 
English word chill ; in the same position in Spanish, it sounds 
like z, or like our th in thin (except in the Catalan dialect, 
where it has the sound of s). In German, c before e, i, and y 
is pronounced like z or like ts in English. In Polish it has 
the same sound, even at the end of a word : thus Prypec is 
pronounced prip'ets. 

19. D, at the end of a word in German and Dutch, is pro- 
nounced like t. In Spanish and Danish, between two vow- 
els or at the end of a word, it has a sound similar to th in 
this. 

20. In all the European languages g is hard before a, o, and 
u; in German, Danish, Norwegian, and Polish, it is hard in 
every situation, though it sometimes has a guttural sound. 
Before e and i (or y), in French, Portuguese, Spanish, and 
Swedish, it is like the j of these languages. In the same po- 
sition in Italian, it sounds like our j or soft g. In Dutch it is 
always prorxiunced like h strongly aspirated. Gu before e and 
i. in French Portuguese, and Spanish, sounds like g hard 



21. H, in French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, is eitner 
never pronounced at all, or else is sounded so slightly that an 
English ear can scarcely perceive it In the other languages 
of Europe it has the same sound as in English. 

22. J, in Italian, German, Polish, Swedish, Norwegian, Dan- 
ish, and Dutch, is pronounced like our y. In French and Por 
tuguese it has the sound of zh, or s in the English word pleas- 
ure. In Spanish it is equivalent to x, being similar in sound 
to a strongly aspirated h. 

23. M and n, at the end of a syllable in French and Portu- 
guese, often have a nasal sound, similar to our ng. For ex- 
ample, bon in French is pronounced almost b6ng ; alem or 
alen, in Portuguese, is sounded like a-leng'. In pronouncing 
the nasal m and n in French, care should be used not to press 
the back part of the tongue against the palate, as is done in 
producing the sound of the English ng. 

24. n in Spanish (like nh in Portuguese and gn in French 
and Italian) has the sound of ny : MiRo and Minho are pro- 
nounced alike, meen'yo. (See 33.) 

25. Qu, before e and i in French, Portuguese, and Spanish, 
has the sound of k. 

26. R, in most European languages, is trilled more strongly 
than in English, particularly at the end of a word or syllable. 

27. S, in many European tongues, when between two vow- 
els, is very soft, having almost the sound of our z. In German 
it is often so pronounced at the beginning of a syllable. In 
Hungarian it sounds like our sh or the German sch. 

28. W, in German and some other languages, is nearly simi- 
lar to oui-E. 

29. X in Spanish generally sounds like a strongly aspirated 
h. (See 22.) In Portuguese it is pronounced like our sh. 

30. Z, in German and Swedish, has the sound of ts ; in Ital- 
ian, z sounds like ds, zz like ts. 

Combined Consonants. 

31. Ch in Spanish has the same sound as in the English 
word chill (except in the dialect of Catalonia, where it sounds 
like k). In Italian it is pronounced like k ; in German, Po- 
lish, and some other languages, it has a guttural sound some- 
what similar to a strongly aspirated h. In French (except in 
the case of some words derived from the Greek) and in Por 
tuguese, ch has the sound of our sh. 

32. Gh in Italian is like our g hard. 

33. Gn, in French and Italian (like n in Spanish), combines 
the sounds of n and y consonant. (See 24.) 

34. Lh in Portuguese, and 11 in Spanish, sound like our ly , 
e. g., velho is pronounced vel'yo ; villa, veel'ya ; llano, lya'no. 

35. Nh in Portuguese is pronounced like the Spanish n. 
(See 24 and 33.) 

36. Sz, in Hungarian and German, is sounded like sharp s 
or ss. 

37. Sch in German is pronounced like sh in English; in 
Dutch, however, sch has a sound similar to our sk. 

38. 77*, in all the continental European languages except 
Greek (in which the caaracter $ has the same sound as our 
th), is pronounced like simple t. 



REMARKS. 

I, in French and some other languages, often has a sound 
intermediate between our ee and short i : ville might be pro- 
nounced in English vill or reel. It would, however, be bet- 
ter for the pupil to sound i, in all unanglicized French, Ital- 
ian, Spanish, and Portuguese names, like e (as in me), taking 
care, however, not to prolong or drawl the sound, especial- 
ly in unaccented syllables. In like manner, 6 in ore nasal 
should be pronounced like o in no or note, but not so long. 
In marking the pronunciation of foreign names, we have 
preferred to use a, e (or e), and A rather than a, e, and 6, as 
the speaker would be in danger of prolonging the scunds of 
the latter too much. 

In pronouncing French words or names, the accent should 
be placed nearly equally on all the syllables, but the princi- 
pal accent should usually fall on the last 

A double letter in foreign words is to be sounded mora. 
distinctly and fully than a single letter of the 6ame kind 



Arab. 


Arabic. 


Dan. 


Danish. 


Flem. 


Flemish. 


Fr. 


French. 


Ger. 


German. 


Hun. 


Hungarian. 


Norw. 


Norwegian. 



Port. 


Portuguese. 


pron. 


pronunciation. 


Rus. 


Russian. 


Sp. 


Spanish. 


Sw. 


Swedish. 


syn. 


synonymous with. 


Turk. 


Turkish. 



EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS EMPLOYED IN 

THIS VOCABULARY. 

Gt and K,t small capitals, indicate the sound of the Gei 
man ch, or one similar to it (See 31.)* 

H,t small capital, has a sound somewhat similar to the pre 
ceding, but more resembling a strongly aspirated h. 

l, small capital (I liquid), is to be pronounced like Hi in 
million ; it blends the sounds of I and y consonant. 

m and n, small capitals, are nasal, being similar in sound 
to ng. (See 23.)* 

iit is pronounced like ni in minion ; it blends the sounds 
of n and y consonant. (See 24 and 33.)* 

B,f small capital, has the sound of rr in terror. (See 26.)* 

wt has a sound similar to our v. 

y and ey, at the end of an unaccented syllable, sound like 
c in me. 

ai and ay are considered to be equivalent to a in fate. 

au and aw have the sound of a in fall. 

ee indicates a sound'similar to i in the first syllable of spirit. 

ow, when the o is not marked long (ow), is to be pro 
nounced like ou in hour. 

gh is employed in pronunciation for g hard. 

s sounds like z. 

fh is to be pronounced like th in this. 



The vowels a, e, j, p, marked with a point underneath, 
have an obscure sound similar to short u; thus, Mertgn 
should be pronounced miir'tun or mur't'n. 

a is broad, having a sound similar to o in not. 

6 has a sound similar to e in her (see 13) ;* it may be Angli- 
cized by e. 

ii is like the French u (see 5),* which it is employed in 
pronunciation to represent ; it may be Anglicized by the En- 
glish u. 

u, small capital, is intended to represent the sound of the 
French eu (see 11) ;* it should be pronounced like u in the 
English word fur. 

D,f small capital, is intended to represent a sound similar 
to th in this. (See 19.)* 



' The sounds of the figured vowels are explained in the Vocabulary at the bottom of the page. 



OBSERVATIONS NECESSARY TO BE BORNE IN MIND BY THOSE 
WHO MAKE USE OF THIS VOCABULARY. 



1. Every letter or combination of letters occurring in the 
pronunciation of a word or name, is to be pronounced with 
its proper English sound ; e. g., ou is to be sounded as in our, 
sour, &c, and not like oo, as in tour, and some other words 
of French origin ; ch as in chill, choose, &c. ^^From not at- 
'■ending to this, many persons fail to pronounce names correct- 
]y, even while they have the pronunciation clearly and accurately 
marked before their eyes. We have represented the pronun- 
ciation of Bheslau by bres'lou ; many readers, without ex- 
amination, call it bres'loo, forgetting that the proper English 
sound of ou is like ow in cow. Had we written bres'low, many 
would have called it breslo. We have, however, in this Vo- 
cabulary made use of ow in a number of instances where we 
thought it less likely to be misunderstood than ou. Again, 
we have given che-wa'wa as the pronunciation of Chihua- 
hua ; a number of persons, however, with this pronunciation 
before them, have called it sAe-wa'wa, not considering that 
if such had been the true sound, we should have written it 
with sh. Cholula is also most improperly pronounced sho- 
loo'la. All persons desirous of speaking correctly, should 
carefully guard against this vicious pronunciation, bearing 
in mind that ch, in Spanish and Mexican names, is always 
to be pronounced as in our word chill, or like tch in watch. 

2. In the pronunciation of foreign names, particular care 
should be taken not to allow a to fall into the third or broad 
sound of this vowel — an error to which American and En- 
glish speakers are very prone ; it would be far better, gen- 
erally speaking, to pronounce it like a in fat. It may be ob- 
served, however, that a before n nasal in French is usually 
broad, almost like o in not ; thus, ban is pronounced almost 
like bong. 

3. In pronouncing French words containing on nasal, the 
speaker should be careful not to give o its short sound, since 
this is not only incorrect, but is liable to confound the word 



with others entirely different in bpelling and signification. 
By this faulty pronunciation bon (good) is sounded like ban 
(ban or exile) ; it should, be box — almost bong or bong. 
Toulon should either be entirely Anglicized (as too'lun), or 
else pronounced tod-lON' — almost tod-long 7 . For the same 
reasons, eu in names not Anglicized should have its distinct 
sound, like our u in fur, and. not be confounded with the 
French ou or u. There is no sufficient reason why the 
French names Dreux (driih) and Droux (droo), Leure (Iuk) 
and Lure (liiRe), should not be distinguished from each other 
in pronunciation, as well as our words grum and groom, cvr 
and cure. 

4. In the pronunciation of foreign names, the speaker should 
be careful to pronounce all vowels, whether in an accented or 
unaccented syllable, distmctly, if they are not expressly marked 
as obscure. Perhaps the only exception to this rule is a in an 
unaccented syllable. But even here the vowel should not be 
entirely obscure, like the a in boa, but intermediate between 
this sound and that of the interjection ah. 

5. In speaking French names, it is important to distinguish 
carefully between In and Sn : the former is broad, almost 
like ong ; the latter is very flat, and similar to ang. 

6. When h (not small capital) occurs at the end of a syl- 
lable in the pronunciation of a name, it is not to be sounded. 
It is employed to enable the learner more readily to pro- 
nounce the preceding vowel short, as druh, ob-6h, &c. 

7. Ah is employed in this Vocabulary to denote a sound in- 
termediate between a and a\ but more resembling the latter, 
as al-a-bah'ma, co-lo-rah'do. The speaker should be very 
careful not to pronounce the penultimate a in these names 
like that in far or father. 

8. An acute accent ( ') is used to mark the primary accent 
of a name ; a grave (') to mark the secondary accent; e.g^ 
Pas's a-m a-quod'dy. 



* ¥ * The reader may observe, that, in this Vocabulary, we 
tiave not followed the method of marking the pronunciation 
adopted in the foregoing part of the work. We have not 
done so, because it was necessary to form a system of nota- 
tion not adapted to one language merely, but capable of be- 
ing applied to all the variety of sounds in the different Euro- 
pean languages. It may also be remarked that the second 
or Italian sound of a (which occurs in the pronunciation of 
foreign names far more frequently than any other vowel 



sound) is represented in the Dictionary by a. To this char 
acter there can not be the slightest objection when we 
wish to mark the sounds of English words only. It is, how- 
ever, far otherwise with regard to foreign names, because & 
in several of the continental languages, has the sound of a, 
not of a ; and to assign to the same character, when pro- 
nouncing names in those languages, two entirely different 
and distinct sounds, would evidently lead to great embar- 
rassment and confusion. 



nounce these letters with their proper English sound ; w 
and n, when occurring in the pronunciation of a name, may 
be sounded like 6imple w and n. 



_ * These figures refer to the Elements of Pronunciation 
given on the preceding page, 
t It is intended that the mere English scholar 6hall pro- 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. &c. 



AGU 

Aa, 1A. 

Aachen, al'Ken, syn. Aix-la-Chapelle. 

Aalborg, ol'boRg. 

Aar, aaa, or Arcn, a'ren. 

Aargau, aiiR'gow (Fr. Argovie, ar'goVe'). 

Aath, aat, syn. Ath. 

Abakan, a-ba-kan'. 

Abakansk, a-ba-kansk'. 

Abancay, a-ban-kf. 

Abano, a-ba'no. 

Abascia or Abassia, ab-ash'e-a. 

Abbeville (France), abb'veel'or abb v vill'. 

Abbeville (S. C), ab'be-vil. 

Ab'er-broth'ock or A^roath 

Ab-er-deen'. 

Abergavenny, ab-er-ga'n©. 

Ab-er-ist'with (th as in thin). 

Ab'ing-don. 

Ab'ing-ton. 

Abo, a'bo (Sw. Abo, 6T)oo). 

Vbomey, ab-o-ma'. 

Abookeer, Aboukir, or Abukir, a-boo- 
keer'. 

Abootizh, Aboutige, or Aboutij, a-boo- 
tizh'; written, also, Abutisch and Aboo- 
tish. 

Abrantes, a-brln'tSs. 

Abrolhos, a-brole'yoce. 

Abruzzo Citra, a-broot'so chee'tri. 

Abruzzo Ultra, a-broofso ool'trL 

Ab-se'cum or Absecoinbe. 

Abukir. See Abookeer. 

Abutige or Abutisch. See Abootizh. 

Ab-ys-sin'i-a. 

Acapulco, a-kl-pool'ko. 

Ac'co-mack. 

Accra. See Acra. 

Achanti. See Ashantee. 

Acheen or Atch-een'. 

Achmira or Akhmym, aK-meem'. 

Achmouneyn. See Oshraooneyn. 

Acqui or Aqui, S/que. 

Ac'ra or Ac'cra. 

Acre, a'ker or a'ker. 

A-dair'. • 

Adalia, adale-a, or Satalia, sl-tale-a. 

Adana, a'da-ni. 

Ad'da, ad'da. 

Adel, a-del'. 

Aden, a'den or aAlen. 

AdL'e, a'de-je (It pron. a'de-ji, Ger. 
Etsch, etch). 

Adirbeitzan. See Azerbaijan. 

Ad-I-ron'dack. 

Adlerberg, a'dler-beRG, or Arlberg, aRl'- 
beRG. 

Adour, ad N ooR'. 

Adowah, a'do-wa, or Adova, a'do-va. 

Adramiti, a'dra-mee'te. 

Adria, a'dre-a. 

Adrianople, a-dre-an-o'pel. 

A'dri-atlc. 

^Sgean (Sea) e-jee'an. 

/Eroe, a'ro or a'ro-eh. 

ffitna, pronounced, and often written, 
Et'na. 

Afghanistan, af-gan^s-tan'. 

Afioom, Aiioura, or Afium, a-fe-oom'. 

Afragola, a-fra-gola. 

APri-ca. 

Agde, agd. 

Agen, a zhaV. [This is an exception to 
a general rule : the regular pronuncia- 
tion would be a'zhlN', almost a-zhong.] 
Agnone, an-yo'na. 
Agosta, a-gos'ta. 
\gra, a'gra. 
fcguadilla, a-gwa-Deel'ya. 



ALM 

Agua Nueva, a'gwa nw&'va- 
Aguas Calientes, a'gwas ka-le-Sn't<5s. 
Agulhas, a-gool'yas. 
Ahanta, a-han'ta. 
Ahmedabad, a'med-a-bad'. 
Ah'med-nug'ger. 
Aichstadt. See EichstadL 
Ain, aN. 
Aintab, ine-tab'. 
Aisne, ane. 
Aix, aks. 
Aix-la-Chapelle, aks-la-sha^pell' *(Ger. 

Aache*.), aa'Ken). 
Ajaccio, a-yat'cho, or Ajazzo, a-yat'so. 
Ajasaluk. See. Ayasoolook. 
Akerman, a'ker-man\ . 

Akhissar, ak'his-saR'. 
Akhmym or Achraim, aK-meem', written 

sometimes Ekhmym. 
Akshehr, Akchehr, or Akscheher, ak- 

sheh'r' or ak-eha'her. 
Alabama, al-a-bah'ma. 
Alachua, al-atch'u-a. 
Alais, a N la'. 
Alamo, a'la-mo. 
Alamos, a'la-moce. c 
Aland, a'land (Sw. Aland, 6land). 
Alashehr or Alaschehr, a % la-shSh'r' or 

a-la-sha'her. 
Alba, alTja. ' 
Albacete, al-ba-tha'ta, 
Al^ba Ju'll-a, syn. Karlsburg. 
Al-ba'ni-a (Turk. Arnaootleek or Arna 

outlik, aR'nl-ootleek). 
Albano, al-ba'no. 
Albans, St., sent auFbunz. 
Albany, aul'ben-e. 
Al'be-marle (in England). 
Al-be-mnrle' (in the United States). 
Albuquerque, al-boo-keVka. 
Al'by or Albi (Fr. pron. aPbe'). 
AlcaJa, a-ka-la'. 

Alcala de Henares, al-ka-la' da 5n-a'res. 
Alcamo, al'ka-mo. 
Alcaniz, al-kan-yeeth'. 
Alcantara, al-kan'ta-ra. 
Alckmaer. See Alkmaar. 
Al-co'na. 
Alcoy, al-ko'e. 
Alden, aul'den. 
Alderney, aul'der-ne. 
Alera-Tejo or Alen-Tejo, a-leng-ta'zho. 
Alen9on, a-len'son (Fr. pron. a'laN'soNO. 
Al-ep'po, or Haleb, haleb. 
Aleria, a-la-ree'a. 
Alessandria, al-es-san'dre-a. 
Aleutian, a-lu'she-an, or Aleutan, a-lu'tan 
Al-ex-an-dret'ta, syn. Scanderoon 
Al-ex-an'dri-a. 
Alford, aul'fiird. 

Algarve, al-gaR'va, or Al-garlri-a. 
Algeziras, alg-ez-ee'ras, or Algeciras (Sp. 

pron. of both, al-na-thee'ras). 
Algiers, al-.jeerz'. 
Alhama, al-a'ma. 
Alicante, a-le-kan'ta, or Al-I-cant' 
Alicata, a-le-ka'ta. 
Alkmaar or Alkmaer, alk-mar'. 
Allahabad, aVlah-ha-bad'. 
Alle, alleh. 
AWe-gha'ny. 
AHen. 

Allier, llle-a'. 
AHo-a. 

Almaden, al-ma-Den'. 
Almansa, al-man'sa. 
Almeida, alma'e-da. 
Almeria, al-ma-ree'l 



ANJ 
Almunecar, al-moo-na-kaR'. 
Alnwick or Alnewick, an'nik. 
Al-pe'na. 
Alps, dips. 
Alsace, aPsass'. 
Als, als, or Alsen, il'sen. 
Altai, al-ti'. 

Altamaha, aurta-ma-hau'. 
Altamira, al-ta-mee'ra. 
Altamura, al-ta-moo'ra. 
Al'ten-burg (Ger. pron. al'ten-bSftao >. 
Alton, aul'tun. 
Altena or Altona, al'tc-na. 
Altorf, al'toRf, or Altdorf. 
Altzey or Alzey, alt'si. 
Alvarado, al-va-ra'do. 
Amager, a'ma-gher. 
Amalfi, a-mal'fe. 

Amarapoura. See Ummerapoora. 
Amasera or Amasreh, a-mas'ra. 
Amasia or Amasieh, a-ma'see'a. 
Am'a-ZQn (Sp. Maranon, nia-ran-yone 

called, also, Orellana, o-rel-ya'naV 
Am-a-zo'nT-a. 

Am'berg (Ger. pron. amTD^RG). 
Ambert aM'baiR'. 

Amboise, awb'waz' (almost aaib'wf ze ■> 
Am-boy'. 
Am-boy'na. 
Am eland, a'mel-ant. 
Am-e^l-a. 
Am-erl-ca. 

Amersfort or Amersfoort, a'mers-fCrt 
Amhara, am-ha'ra. 
Amherst, am'urst. 
Auihurstburg, am'urst-burg. 
Amiens, am'e-er.z (Fr. pron. a'me-iN^ 
Amite, am-eet'. 
Amlwch, amlook. 
Am-mgn-oo'suck. 

Amoo or Araou, a-moo', syn. Oxus. 
Amoor or Amour, a-moor'. 
Amoskeag, am-ps-keg'. 
Amretsir, am-ret-seer', or Um-rit-seer*. 
Am'ster-dam. 
Amu. See Amoo. 
Amur. See Amoor. 
An-a-deer' or Anadir. 
Anahuac, an-a-wak'. 
An-a-to'li-a, syn. Natolia. 
Ancona, an-co'na. 
Andalusia, an-da-lu'she-a (Sp. Andaluoia 

an-da-loo-thee'a). 
An-da-man'. 

Amdelys, Les, laze-aNdle'. 
Andernach, an'der-naK. 
Andes, an'diz. 
Andorra, an-dor'ra. 
An'do-ver. 

Andro, an'dro, or An'dros. 
An'dros-cog'gin. 

Andujar or Anduxar, an-doo'Har. 
Angermanland, ong'er-man-land. 
Angers, an'jerz. formerly written Angiert 

(Fr. pron. ax'zha'). 
Anglesey or Anglesea, ang'gl-se. 
An-go'la. 

An-go'ra or An-goo'ra (Turk. En-gooiO 
Angostura, an-gos-too'ra. 
Angouleme, aN'goo'lame'. 
Angra, ang'gra. 
Anguilla, ang-ghilla (Sp. Anguila, en 

gheela). 
Angus, ang'crus. 
Anhalt, an'halt. 
Anholt, anTi5lt. 

Anjou, an'joo (Fr. pron. JbTzhoo'). 
Anjouan. See Anzouan. 



f&te, far, fall, fat; me. met ; ni, not; a. «;. i, o, obscnre ; a, e, : 
>u as in our (or ow as ir now) ; N similar to vg ; a like z 



6, u, long ; a, e, I, 6, u, short ; 
ch like g hard ; fh as in this. 



ooasin moon ; 66 as in good 
(See Explanations, p. 91* 



94 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY 



ARN 
Anklam, an'klam. 
An-ko'ber. 

An'na-berg (Ger. pron. an'na-b§RG'). 
An-nap'o-lis. 
Ann Ar-un'del. 
Annecy, ann'se'. 
,in-no-nay'. 
Anspach, ans'paK. 
An'son. 

Antequera, In-ta-ka'ra 
Antibes, aNteeb'. 
Anticosti, an-te-kos'te. 
Antietam, an-tee'tum. 
Antigua, an-tee'ga. 
Antilles, aN-teel'. 
Antioch, an'te-ok (Turk. Antakia, hi- 

ta'keel). 
Antioquia, an-te-o-kee'a. 
Antisana, an-te-sa'na. 
An'trim. 
Ant'werp (Dutch Antwerpen, ant'werp 

en ; Fr. Anvers, aN v vaiR'). 
Anzin, aN'zaN'. 
Anzooan or Anzuan, an-zoo-an'; written 

also, Anjouan. 
losta, a-os'ta. 
Apache, a-pa'cha. 
Apalachicola. See Appalachicola. 
Ap'en-nines. 
Ap-pa-lach-i-co'la. 
Appe'nzell, ap-pent-sell'. 
Apling. 
Ap-po-mat'tox. 
Apt, apt. 
Apure, a-poo'ra. 
Aqui, i'que. 
Aquila, 21'que-la. 
Aquin, a'kaN'. 
Aquino, a-quee'no. 
Arabia, ar-a'be-a. 
Aracan. See Arracan. 
Arad, 6r'6d\ 

Aragon, ar'ra-gon (Sp. pron. ar-ra-gone'). 
Araguay, ar-a-gwi'. 
Aral, ar'al. 

Aranjuez, a-ran-Hweth'. 
Ar-ap'a-hoe. 
Ararat, ar'a-rat. 
Aras, ar'asj or Ar-ax'es. 
Araucanians, ar-au-ka'ne-ans. 
Arbe, aRTja. 

Ar'broath, syn. Aberbrothock. 
Archangel, ark-ane'gel (Russ. pron. aRk- 

ang'ghel). 
Ar-cot'. 

Ardeche, aR'daish'. 
Ar'den or Ardennes, aR'denn'. 
Ar'drah. 

Arensberg, a'rens-b&RG, syn. Arnsberg. 
Arequipa, a-ra-kee'pa. 
Arezzo, a-ret'so. 
Argentan, aR'zhantaN'. 
Argenteuil, aR'zhaNtui/. 
Argentine (ar'jen-tlne) Republic (,Sp. Re- 

publica Argentina, ra-pooble-ka aR- 

HSn-tee'na), syn. La Plata. 
Argentiere, aR'zhaN'te-aiR 7 . 
Argoon, Argoun, or Argon, ar-goon'. 
Argostoli, aR-gos'to-le. 
Argun. See Argoon. 
Argyle or Argyll, ar-ghyle'. 
Argyro Castro, aR'ghe-ro kas'tro. 
Arica, a-reeTta. 
Ariege, aYe-aizh'. 
Arispe, a-ris'pa. 
Ar-kan'sas, formerly pronounced, and 

sometimes written, Ar'kan-saw. 
Ar-kee'ko ; written, also, Arkiko. 
Arl'berg (Ger. pron. aRl'b^RG), syn. Ad- 

lerberg. 
Aries, arlz (Fr. pron. aid) 
Armagh, ar'ma'. 
Armagnac, aRYnan'yak'. 
\r-me'nl-a. 

Armentiere, aR'maN'te-aiR'. 
Arm'strong. 
Arn'hem; written, also, Arnheim, arn'- 

hime. 
Ai/no. 

Arnsberg (Ger. pron. aRns'be'RG). 
A rnstadt, aRn'statt. 
flte far 



AVE 

Ar-oos'took. 

Arpino, aR-pee'no. 

ArYa-can' or Aracan. 

Ar'ran. 

Ar-rap'a-hoe, syn. Arapahoe. 

Ar'ras (Fr. pron. aFrass'). 

Arroe ; more correctly, iEroe. 

Ar'ta or Nar'da. 

Artois, aR'twa'. 

Arundel, ar'un-del (in England). 

Ar-un'del (in the'U. S.). 

Asaph, az'af. 

Ascension, as-sen'shun. 

Aschaffenburg, ash-af'fen-burg (Ger. 

pron. a-shal''fen-booRG v ). 
Aschersleben, ash-ers-la/ben. 
Ascoli, as'ko-le. 
Ash-an'tee, sometimes written Achanti. 

Ashe, ash. 

Ash-ta-bula, 

Ash'tgn. 

Ashuelot, ash'we-lot. 

Asia, a'she-a (often improperly pro- 
nounced a'zhe-a). 

As-sam'. 

Assen, as'sen. 

Assisi, as-see'se. 

Assouan or Assuan. Sec Asswan. 

Assumption, as-sump'shun (Sp. Asun- 
cion, a-soon-the-one'). 

Asswan, Assouan, or Assuan, as-swan'. 

Asterabarl, as1;er-a-bad', or Astrabad, as"- 
tra-bad'. 

Asti, as'te. 

Astorga, as-tor'ga. 

As-to'ri-a. 

As-tra-can' or Astrakhan (Russ. pron. 
as-tra-Kan'). 

Asturias, as-too're-as. 

Atacama, a-ta-ka'ma. 

Atchafalaya, atch-af-a-li a. 

Atch-een' or Acheen. 

At-fe', sometimes written Atfih. 

Ath or Aath, alt. 

Ath-a-pes'cow or Ath-a-bas'ca. 

Ath-boy'. 

Ath'ens. 

Ath-lone'. 

Ath'cs. 

Athy, ath-F. 

Atina, a-tee'na. 

At-lan'tic. 

Atlas. 

Atooi. See Atuai. 

Atri, a'tre. 

At'ta-la. 

Attigny, atteen'ye'. 

AUock' or Attock Benares, at-tock' b£n- 
" rez. 

Atuai, at-oo-i', or Tauai, tou-F. 

Aube, obe. 

Au'burn. 

Aubusson, 6'b&s v sAN'. 

Auch, osh. 

Aude, ode. 

Audenarde, 6'den-aRd', syn. Oudenarde. 

Auerbach, ou'er-baK. 

Augsburg (Ger. pron. ouGs'booRG). 

Au-gus'ta or Agosta. 

Augustine (St.), au-gus-teen'. 

Aurich, ow'riK. 

Auraugabad, o-rung-ga-bad'. 

Aus'ter-litz (Ger. pron. ous'ter-hts). 

Australasia, aus-tral-a'she-a. 

Australia, aus-tra'le-a. 

Aus'tri-a (Ger. Oestreich, ost'riKe). 

Au-tau'ga. 

Autun, 6"tuN'. 

Auvergne, 6-veRn' or oVaiRn'. 

Aux Cayes, 6 kay. 

Auxerre, 6-saiR'. 

Auxonne, 6x v onn', or Aussonne, os'sonn'. 

Ava, a'va. 

Avatchka. See Awatska. 

Avallon, aVaPloN'. 

Aveiro, a-va'e-ro. 

Avella, 8,-vel'la. 

Avelhno, a-v£l-lee'no. 

Avenches, IWaNsh'. 

Averno, a-veVno. 

Aversa, a-veVsa. 



BAM 

Avesnes, a'vain'. 

Aveyron, aVaYoN'. 

Avezzano, a-v&t-sa'no. 

Avignon, a v veen'y6N'. 

Avila, a've-la. 

Avlona, av-lo'na. 

Avon, a'von. 

Avoyelles, av-oi-elz' (commonly callec 

a-vFel). 
Avranches, avYaNsh'. 
A-wats'ka or A-vatch'ka. 
Awe, au. 

Axoom, Axoum, or Axum, ax-oom' 
Ayamonte, i'a-mon'ta. 
Ayasoolook, I'a-soo-look' ; written, also 

Ayasalouk and Ajasaluk. 
Aylesbury, ailz'ber-e. 
Ayr, air. 

Ayrshire, air'shjr. 
Azerbaijan, az-er-bi-jSn . 
Az-of ', Azoph, or Azov. 
Azores, az'ors or az-o'rez (Port. Azores. 

a-so'rSs). 



B. 

Baalbec, baalltek', syn. Balbec. 

Ba'bel-man'del, or, more correctly, Bab- 
el-man'deb. 

Bacchiglione, bak-keelyo'na. 

Ba-dag'ry. 

Badajos, bad-a-hoce' (Sp. Badajoz. bl- 
Da-H6th'). 

Badakhshan. See Budukhshan 

Badenweiler, ba-den-wiler. 

Badku, bad-koo', syn. Bakoo. 

Baeza or Baeca, bl-a'tha. 

Baffa, baf'f a. 

Baffin's (Bay). 

Bagdad, big-dad' or bag'dad ; writteu, 
also, Bagdat. 

Bagnarea, ban-ya-ra'a. 

Bagneres de Bigorre, ban^yaiR' deh be' 
gorr'. 

Bagneres de Luchon, ban^yaiR deh lfl 
shoN'. 

Bagnols, banyol'. 

Bahamas, ba-ha'maz. 

Bahar, ba-har'. 

Bahari, ba'H'ree. 

Bahia, ba-ee'a, or San Salvador, san s&i' 
va-dor'. 

Bahrein, bah-rane'. 

Bahr-el-Abiad, bar-el-a r be-ad\ 

Bahr-el-Azrek, bar-el-az'rek\ 

Baikal, bl'kal\ 

Baireuth, bi'ruth (Ger. pron. bl'roit) 

Bairout. See Beyroot. 

Baja, ba'ya. 

Bajazid. See Bayazid. 

Bal'a-ghauts'. 

Balaruc, b&la'ruk'. 

Bal'a-sore'. 

Balaton ; more correctly, Balatony, baa' 
la-tofi, syn. Platten Sea. 

BaFbec or BaFbek'.- 

Baldwin, bauld'win. 

Bale, bal, syn. Basel. 

Balearic, bal-e-ar'ik (Islands). 
Bal-fur-osh' or Bal-froosh' ; written, also, 

Balfrouch and Balfrusch. 
Bali. See Bally. 
Balize, ba-leez'. 
Balkan, bll-kan'. 

Balkh, balK, written, also, Bulkh. 
Ballard. 

Ballina, baPe-na'. 
Ballinasloe, bariin-a-slo'. 
Ballston, bauls'tpn. 
Ballston Spa, bauls'ton spa or spaw 
BaHy. 

Bally-shan'non. 
Baltic, baul'tic. 

Baltimore, baul'te-more or baulf e-moi 
Baltingglass, bault-ing-glass'. 
Bam-bar'ra. 

Bam'berg (Ger. pron. bam'blRG). 
Bam-book' ; written, also, Bambouk and 
Bambuk. 



fat : m^, mSt ; n6. nit a, e, i, o, obscure ; a, e, i, 6. u, 



a, e, l, 6, u, short ; oo ns m moon : 65 as in good; 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



9,5 



BEL 

Banca, bankTsa, 

Ban'da. 

Banff, pronounced, and sometimes writ- 
ten, Bamff. 

Banffshire, bamf ' shir. 

Bangalore, bang'ga-lore'. 

Bang'kok'. 

Bangor, bang'gher (in England). 

Ban'gor (in the U. S.). 

Bann, ban. 

Ban'nacks (Indians). 

Ban'nock-bum'. 

Bantam'. 

Ban'try. 

Bapaume, ba'pome'. 

Bar-a-co'a, 

Barbados' or Barbadoes, bar-bi'doz. 

Bar-le-due, baa -leh-duk'. 

Barbary, bar'ber-e.' 

Barbour, barker. 

Barbuda, bar-boo'da. 

Bar-ce-lo'na or bar-tha-lo'na. 

Barege, ba'raizh'. 

Bareflly, bar-ale. 

Bari, ba're. 

Barinas, ba-ree'nas, syn. Varinas. 

Barita, ba-ree'ta, or Barrita. 

Barletta, baR-let'ta. 

Barnaul, baR-nowF. 

Bar-ne-gat'. 

Barnsley, barnzle. 

Barn'sta-ble. 

Barn'sta-ple. 

Barn'well. 

Baroach, ba-r6tch r . 

Bar-o'da. 

Bar're (in two syllables). 

Barrege or Barege, bar'raizh'. 

Bar'ren. 

Bar'row. 

Bar'ry. 

Basel, ba'zel (Fr. Bale or Basle, bal). 

Basque, bask. 

Basrah, bas'ra, s$n. Bassora. 

Bassano, bas-sa'no. 

Basse-terre, bass -tain'. 

Bassora, bas'so-ra, or Bas'rah. 

Bastia, bas-tee'a. 

Ba-ta'vi-a. 

Baton Rouge, bat'un roozh. 

Battaglia or La Battaglia, la bat-tal'ya. 

Bautzen, bout'sen. 

Ba-va'ri-a (Ger. Baiern. bl'ern). 

Bayazid or Bayazeed, bi'a-zeed'. 

Bayeux, ba^yuh'. 

Bayonne, ba'yonn'. 

Bayou, bi'oo. 

Beam, baas'. 

Beaucoup, bo-koop'. 

Beaufort, bu'furt. 

Beauley. bole. 

Beaumaris, b6-ma'ris. 

Beaune, bone. 

Beauvais, boVa'. 

Beccles, bek'klz. 

Bedfordshire, bed'furd-shir. 

Bedouin or Beduin, bed'65-in, or Bed'o- 
ween. 

Bee'der ; written, also, Bider. 

Befort, ba'foR', syn. Belfort. 

Behring's, bee'ringz (Strait). 

Beira, ba'e-ra, syn. Beyra. 

Beiroot or Beirout. See Beyroot. 

Beith, beeth. 

Beja, ba'zha. 

Be'ja-poor', formerly written Visiapour. 

Bel-ed'-el-Jer-eed' ; written, also, Beled- 
el-Jerid, Belad-el-Djeryd, Beled-el- 
Jerede, and Biled-ul-Gerid. 

Belem, bel-eng 7 . 

Bel-fast'. 

Belfort, bel'foR', or Befort, baloR'. 

Belgium, bel'je-um. 

Bergrade' (Turk. Bil-grad'). 

Belknap, bel'nap. 

Belle Isle or Bellisle, bel-ile'. 

Bellefontaine, bel-fon-tane'. 

Bellefonte, bel-fonf . 

Bellemonte, bel-mont'. 

Belloochistan, bel-loo v chis-tan'. 

Belvidere, bel-ve-deer'. 



BOG 

Benares, ben-a'rSs. 

Ben-e-ven'to. 

Bengal, ben-gaul'. 

Benguela, ben-gala. 

Benin, ben-een'. 

Ben'ning-ton. 

Ben-sa'lem. 

Bensheim, bensliime. 

Bentheim, bent'hime. 

Bentivogho, ben-te-vole'yo. 

Berar, ba-rar'. 

Berat ber-at'. 

Beresina or Berezina, ber-ez-ee'niL 

Ber-ez-off' ; written, also, Berezow. 

Bergamo, beR'ga-mo. 

Bergen, beVghen (in Europe). 

Berg'en (in the U. S.). [Bergen, in West- 
ern New York, is almost universally 
pronounced be^jen.] 

Bergopzoom, beRG'op-zome'. 

Bergues, b^Rg. 

Berkley, berkle. 

Berkshire, berk'shjr. 

Berlin (Ger.' pron. bSR-leen'). 

Bermudas, ber-moo'daz, or Ber-moo'- 
thes. 

Bern or Berne (Fr. and Ger. pron. blRn). 

Bernard. 

Bernardotte, ber'nar-dotf. 

Ber'ri-en. 

Bertie, ber-tee'. 

Berut. See Beyroot 

Berwick, ber'rik (in England). 

Ber'wick (in the U. S.). 

Berwickshire, ber'rik-shir. 

Besancon, bez-&N"s6N'. 

Bes-sa-ralDi-a or Bes-a-ral>e-a. 

Beth-ab'a-ra. 

Bev'el-and (Dutch pron. bi'vel-ant). 

Bev'er-en. 

Beverley, bev'er-le. 

Beverly, bev'er-le. 

Bewdley, budele. 

Beyra or Beira, ba'e-ra. 

Bexar (Sp. pron. ba-HaR'; commonly 
pronounced by the Texans beh-har' or 
bar). 

Beyroot, Berat, or Bairout, ba'root (Turk, 
pron. bl'root). 

Bhat'gong'. 

Bhoo-tan', syn. Bootan. 

Bho-pal', syn. Bopaul. 

Bhurfpoor' or Bhurt-pore'. 

Bialystok, be-al'is-tok. 

Bid'de-ford or Bid'e-ford. 

Bider, sy?i. Beeder. 

Bielefeld, beeleh-felt\ 

Bilbao, bil-ba'o ; often written and pro- 
nounced, in English, BiFbo-a. 

Biled-ul-Gerid, bil-ed'-ool-jer-eed', syn. 
Beled-el-Jereed. 

Bills'ton. 

Bing'en. 

Binghamtou, bing'um-tun. 

Bio-bio, bee'o-bee'o. 

Birket-el-Iveroon, or Keroun, beerlset- 
el-ker-oon', or Birket-el-Koorn. 

Birlna, syn. Burma. 

Birmingham, bir'ming-um. 

Birr, syn. Parsonstown. 

Bis'cay (Sp. Biscaya, bis-ka'ya). 

Bistineau, biste-no'. 

Black'fgrd. 

Bla'den. 

Blanc', Mount (Fr. Mcnt Blanc, mix 
blix). 

Blan'co. 

Blank'en-burg (Ger. prcn. blank'en- 
booRG"). 

Bled'soe. 

Blei'berg (Ger. pron. blFbeRG). 

Blenheim, blen'im (Ger. pron.blenli!me). 

Blois, bloi, or, more correctly, blwiL 

Bol»er. 

Bocage, bo'kazh'. 

Bceuf; bef (Fr. pron. almost bQf). 

Boden-See, bo'den-sa', syn. Lake Con- 
stance. 

Bod'min. 

Bos, sometimes written Boug, boog. 

Boglio, bole'yo. 



BRE 
Bo'gli-poor. 

Bogota, bo-go-ta', syn. Santa Fe de Bo- 
gota. 
Bo-he'mi-a (Ger. Bohmen or Boehmeto, 

bo'men). 
Bois-le-Duc, bwa-leh-diik . 
IBoj-a-dor' (Port pron. bozh-4-doRe'). 
Bokhara, bo-Ka'ra, or Bucharia, bu-ki' 

re-a. 
Borbec'. 

Bolee ; written, also, Boli. 
Bo-liv'I-a (Sp. pron. bo-lee've-i). 
Bologna, bo-lone'ya. 
Bolsena, bol-sa'na. 
Bol'ton-le-Moors. 
Bolzano, bol-za'no, syn. Botzeu. 
Bom-bay'. 
Bo'na. 

Bo-nair' (Sp. Buen Ayre, bwSn i'ra;. 
Bo'na-ven-tu'ra, syn. Buena Ventura. 
Bo'na Vis'ta or Bo'a Vis'ta. 
Bo-ness'. 

Bonifaccio, bo-ne-fa'cho. 
Bonita, bo-nee'tL 
Bonn, bonn. 
Boom, borne. 
Boone, boon. 
Boos'sa or Boussa. 
Bootan, boo-tan', or Bhootau. 
Bo-paul' ; written, also, Bhopal. 
Borcette, boR'sett', syn. Burscheid. 
Bordeaux, boR-do', syn. Bourdeaux. 
Borgne, bcm. 
Bor'ne-o. 
Bornliolm. 

Bor-noo' ; written, also, Bontou. 
Borodino, bor-o-dee'no. 
Bosh-u-an'as. 

Bosna-Serai, bos'na-ser-i', syn. Serajew. 
Bos'ni-a (called Bos'na by the Turks). 
Bos'po-rus, commonly, but incorrectly 

written Bosphorus. 
Bos'rah or Bozrah, syn. Bassora, 
Bos'tpn. 
Bot'a-ny Bay. 
Botetourt bot'e-turt 
Both'ni-a. 

Bot'zen (It. Bolzano, bol-za'no;. 
Bouches du Rh6ne, boosh dU rone, sqi. 

Mouths of the Rhone. 
Boulogne, boo-lone' (Fr. pron. boo-lon , 
Bourbon, boorliun (Fr. pron. booR N b6N^ 
Bourbon (Ky), burl)un. 
Bourbon Lancy, booR'boN' laN'se'. 
Bourbon L'Archambault booR'bix' laR- 

shaM'bo'. 
Bourbon Vendee, booR'bon' vLv'di'. 
Bourdeaux, booR'do', now commonly 

written Bordeaux. 
Bourbonnes-les-Bains, booR'b&nn-la*- 

baN'. 
Boui - g, booR. 
Bourges, booRzh. 

Bourgogne, booR'gon', sy?i. Burgundy 
Boursa or Boorsa, syn. Bursa. 
Boussa, boo'sa, syn. Boossa 
Bowdoin, bo'dn. 
Boyle, boil. 
Bozzolo, bot'so-lo. 
Brabant braliant 
Brack'en. 
Brad'ford. 
Bradley, brad'le. 
Braga, bra'gL 
Brah'ma, syn. Birma. 
Brah'ma-poot'ra or Burrampooter. 
Bran'den-burg (Ger. pron. bran'deu 

booRG N ). 
Bran'dy-wine. 
Braunsberg, brownsl)8RG. 
Brax'ton. 

Braz-il' (Port. pron. bra-zeer). 
Brazos, brah'zgs. 
Braz-o'ri-a, 
Brazza, brat'sa. 
Breathitt breth'it. 
Brechin, breK'in. 
Breck'en-ridge. , 

Breck'nock or Brec'Qn. 
Breda, bra-da'. 
Breg'entz. 



on as br our (or ow as in now) ; N similar to ng ; s like z ; gh like g hard ; fh as in this. (See Explanations, p. 92 " 



^■M 



96 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



BUT 
Breisacft, bri'zaK (Fr. Brisach, bre'zak'). 
BreUington. See Bridlington. 
Brem'en or bra'men (in Europe). 
Bre'men (in the U. S.). 
Bren'ta. 

Brescia, bresh'e-a or bresh'a. 
Breslau, breslau or breslou, sometimes 

written Breslaw. 
Blest (Fr. pron. the same as the English). 
Bretagne, breh-tan', syn. Brittany. 
Breton (Cape), brit'un. 
Briancon, bre'&N'sAN'. 
Bridge'north. 
Bridge'port. 
Bridge'town. 
Bridge'wa-ter. 
Bridlington and BreUington, commonly 

pronounced BurHing-ton. 
Brid'port. 
Brieg, breeG. 
Briel, breel. 

Brieux or Brieuc, breVh . 
Brighthelmstone, commonly written 

Brighton, bri'tQn. 
Brindisi, brin'de-se. 
Brioude, bre'ood'. 
Brisach, bre'zak', syn. Breisach. 
Bris'tol. 
Britain, brit'tn. 

Brit'ta-ny (Fr. Bretagne, breh-taii'). 
Brixham, brix'um. 
Brock'en. 4^ 

Bro'dy. 
Broek, brook. 

Brom'berg (Ger. pron. brom'bSRG). 
Bromley, brumle. 
Bron'do-lo. 
Brooklyn. 
Brookline. 
Broome, broom. 
Brough, bruf. 
Bruchsal, brook'sal. 
Bruges, bru'jez (Fr. pron. briizh). 
Brunn. 
Bruns'wick (Ger. Braunschweig, brown'- 

shwlG). 
Bru'sa, syn. Bursa. 
Brus'sels (Fr. Bruxelles, briTsell'). 
Bry'an. 
Brzesc or Brzesc Litewski, bzhests le- 

tev'ske. 
Buchanan, buk-an'un. 
Bucharia, bu-ka're-a, syn. Bokhara. 
Buchorest, bu'ko-rest\ or Bucharest 
Buckingham, buk'ing-um. 
Buckinghamshire, buk'ing-um-shjr. 
Bu'da (Hun. pron. boo'doh"; Ger. O'fen). 
Budukhshan, bud-uK-shln' ; written, also, 

Badakhshan. 
Budweis, bood'wice. 
Buen Ayre, bwen I'ra, syn. Bonair. 
Buenaventura, bwa-na/ven-too'ra. 
Buena Vista, bwa'na, vis'ta. 
Buenos Ayres, bo'nus a'riz (Sp. pron. 

bwa'noce i'res). 
Buffalo. 
Bug, boog. 
Builth, bilth. 
Bulgaria, b651-ga're-a. 
Bulkh, syn. Balkh. 
Buncombe, bunk'um. 
Bun'der Ab-as'see (or Abassi), syn. Gom 

broon. 
Buntzlau, boontslou. 
Burd'wan. 
Bureau, bu'ro. 
Burg (Ger. pron. booRG). 
Burgos, booa'goce. 

Bur'gun-dy (Fr. Bourgogne, booR'gofi'). 
Purke, burk. 
Burling-ton. 
Burma, syn. Birma. 
Burnley, burnle. 

BurYam-poo'ter, syn. Brahmapootra. 
Bursa, boor'sa or bru'sa. 
Burscheid. booR'shlte (Fr Borcette, boR' 

sett'). 
Burslem. 
Bury, ber're. 

Bushire, boo-sheer', syn. Abooshehr. 
Buteshire, bute'shir. 



CAN 

Butfler. 

But'ter-mere. 

Bux'ton. 

Buz'zard's Bay. 

Byzantium, biz-an'she-um. 



C. 



Ca-barYas. 

Cab'ell. ' 

Cab-ool'; written, also. Caboul, Cabul, 

and Caubul. 
Cabrera, ka-bra'ra. 

Cabulistan, ka-bool'is-t&n', syn. Afghan- 
istan. 
Caceres, ka'tha-rSs. 
Cachao, katch'a-o\ syn. Ketcho. 
Cachias, ka-shee'as, syn. Caxias 
Cachoeira, ka-sho-a'e-ra, syn. Caxoeira. 
Cad'do. 

Cadiz, ka'diz (Sp. pron. ka'Dith). 
Caen, kaN. 

Caermarthen, ker-mar'fhen. 
Caernarvon, ker-nar'von. 
Caffraria, kaf-fra're-a. 
Cagliari, kal'ya-re. 
Ca-haw'ba. 

Cahir or Caher, kah'her or kare. 
Ca-ho'ki-a. 

Cahoos or Cahoes, ka-hoze', syn. Cohoes 
Cahors, ka'oR'. 
Caicos, ki'koce. 
Caidareta, ki-da-ra'ta. 
Cairo (in Egypt), ki'ro, called, by the 

Arabs, El Kahira, el klhTae-ra. 
Cairo (in the U. S.V-ka'ro. 
Caith'ness. 

Calabria, ka-la'hre-a or ka-la'bre-a. 
Calahorra, ka-la-oR'ra. 
Calais, kal'is (Fr. pron. kali'). 
Calatayud, ka-la-ta-yooD'. 
Calcasieu, kal'ka-shu or kul'ka-shu. 
Cal-cut'ta. 

Caldas da Rainha, kal'das di r&-een'ya. 
C alder, kaul'der. 
Caldwell, kauld'weL 
Cal-e-do'ni-a. 
Calhoun, kal-hoon'. 
Call-cut 
Cal-i-for'nI-a. 

Callao, kal-la'o, or kal-ya'd. 
Cal-la-poo'ya. 
Calla-way. 
Cal'mar or Kalraar. 
Calne, kan 

Caltagirone, kal-ta-je-ro'na. 
Caltanisetta, kal-ta-ne-set'ta. 
Cal'u-met. 

Calvados, kalVa'doa' or kal-va'd6s. 
Cal'vert. 

Camargo, ka-maR'go. 
Camanche, ka-man'cha, syn. Comanche 
Cam-bay'. 

Cam-bo'dl-a, Cam-bo'dja, or Cam-boge'. 
Cam'bray or Cambrai (Fr. pron. ka.M*- 

bra'). 
Cam'bri-a. 

Cambridge, kame'brij. 
Cambridgeshire, kame'brij-shir. 
Cam'den. 

Caminha, ka-meen'ya. 
Campagna, kam-pan'ya. 
Campbell, kam'el. 
Campbelltown, kam'el-town. 
Campeachy, kam-pee'che (Mex. pron. 

kam-pa'cha;. 
Cam'po Basso, kam'po bas'so. 
Can'a-da. 

Canajoharie, kan'a-Jo-harYe. 
Canandaigua, kan-an-da'gua. 
Can-a-nore'. 
Can'a-ra. 
Canaries, ka-na'reez (Sp. Canarias, ka- 

na're-as). 
Ca-na'ry, Grand (Sp. Gran Canarla, gran 

ka-na're-a). 
Can-a-sau'ga. 
Can-a-sto'ta. 
Can-da-har > or Kandahar. 



CAS 
Can'di-a or Crete. 
Can-e'a. 
Cannes, kann. 
Can-is-te'o. 

Cannouchee, kan-noo'che. 
Can-o'ga. 
Ca-non'i-cut 
Can'pns-burg. 
Cantal, ktatftl'. 
Canterbury, kan'ter-ber-e. 
Can-tire', Cantyre," or Kintyre. 
Can-ton' (in China). 
Can'ton (in the U. S.). 
Cantyre. See Cantire. 
Cape Breton, kape brit'tn, or brit uc 
Cape Girardeau, je-rar-do'. 
Cape Haitien, ha'te-en (Fr. Cape Haitiea 

kap a'ete-aN'). 
Cape Pal'mas. 
Cape Verd' Islands (Port. Lias Verdaa, 

eel'yas vga'das). 
Cape Vin'cent. 
Capitanata, ka-pe-ta-na'ta. 
Capo d'lstria, ka'po dis'tre-L 
Capri, ka'pre. 

Cap'u-a (It. pron. ka'poo-ay. 
Caqueta, ka-ka'tL 
Car-ac'as or Caraccas (Sp. pron. ka-ra' 

kas). 
Caraman, kar'a-man'. 
Caramania, kar-a-ma'ne-a. [It may be 
proper to remind the reader that thia 
is not a Turkish, but a Latin name ; the 
antepenultimate a should, therefore, be 
sounded as in Bavaria. See the Pro 
nouncing Gazetteer, Introduction, sec 
tion xi., p. 26.] 
Car'bpn. 

Carcassonne, kaR'kas'sonn'. 
Cardenas, kaR'd^n-as. 
Cardiff or Caerdiff, kar'diff. 
Car'di-gan. 

Cardiganshire, karMe-gun-shir. 
Car-ib-be'an Sea. 
Car'ib-bee Islands. 

Ca-rin'thi-a (Ger. Karnthen, kaiRn'tcn). 
Carlisle, kar-lile'. 
Car'low. 
Carlowitz or Karlowitz, karto-vita. 

Carls'bad or Karlsbad (Ger. pron. kaRla* 
bat). 

Carlscrona, karls-kroo'na or Carlscroon. 

Carlsruhe or Karlsruhe, karls'roo 

Car'men. 

Car-nafic. 

Car-ni-ola (Ger. Krain, krine), 

Carolina, kir-o-h'na. 

Carpathian, kar-pa'the-an. 

Car-pen-ta'ri-a. 

Carpentras, kaR'paNtraes' 

Carrara, kar-ra'ri. 

Carrik on Suir, kar rik on shure . 

Car'rick-fer'gus. 

Car'roll. 

Car'rpn. 

Cartagena, kar-ta-jo'na (Sp pron. ka» 
ta-Ha'na). 

Cartago, kaR-ta'go. 

Car'ter. 

Car'ter-et. 

Casale, ka-sala. 

Casal Maggiore, ka-sal' mad-jo'ra, 

Cas'bin or Kazbin (Pers. pron. kaz-been', 
whence the name is sometimes writ- 
ten Casbeen.) 

Caserta or Caserta Nuova, ka-seVta 
noo-o'va. 

Casey, ka'ze. 

Cash'el. 

Cash-gar', syn. Kashgar. 

Cashmere or Kashmire, kash-meer'. 

Cas'pi-an. 

Cas'sel. 

Castelnandary, kas'tel'no'daVe. 

Castel Vetrano, kls-tel' va-tra'no. 

Castiglione, kas-teel-yo'na. 

Castile, kaa-teel' (Sp. Castilla. kas-teel'ya^, 

Castine, kas-teen'. 

Castlebar, kas-sel-bar'. 

Castleton, kas'sel-tun. 

Castres, kastr. 



.?ate, far, fall, fit ; md, m8t ; no, n5t ; a, e, j, p, obscure ; a, e, I, 6. u, long ; 6, e, 1, 6, u, short ; 00 as in moon 66 as in good 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



9? 



CHE 

Castro Giova nni , kas'tro jo-van'ne. 

C as- ween', syn. Casbin. 

Cas'well. 

Catabamba, ka-ta-bam'ba. 

Catahoula or Cat-a-boola. 

Cat-a-lo'ni-a (Sp. Catalufia,ka-ta-loon'ya). 

Catania, ka-ta'ne-a. 

Catanzaro, ka-tan-zaVro. 

Cat-ta-rau'gus. 

Ca-tawTsa. 

Cathay, kath-a', syn. China. 

Catmandoo, Katmandou, or Khatmandu, 

kat-mau'doo. 
Catorce, ka-toa'si. 
CatsTrill. 

Cafe-gat or Kattegat 
Cau'ca-sus. 

Caubuil, kau-bool', syn. Cabool. 
Caune, kone. 
Cava, ka'va. 
Cav'an. 

Cavery or Cauvery, kau'ver-e. 
Cax-a-mar'ca (Sp. pron. kah-Ha-maR'ka). 
Caxias or Cachias, ka-shee'as. 
Caxoeira or Cachoeira, ka-sho-a'e-riL 
Cayenne, ki-enn'. 
Caye3, ki, syn. Aux Cayes. 
Cayuga, ka-yoo'ga. 
Cayuse, kah-yuce'. 
Caz-en-o'vl-a. 
Ceara. See Ciara. 
Cebu, se-boo', syn. Zebu. 
Cecil, sis'sil. 
Ce'dar. 

Cefalu, chef-a-loo'. 
Celebes, sel'e-biz. 
Celle or Zelle, tselleh. 
Ceph-a-lo'ni-a (It. pron. cblf-a-lon'e-5. ; 

modern Greek, kef-a-lo-nee'a.) 
Ce-ram' (Port. pron. ser-roung / ), also 

written Serang. 
Cerigo, cher'e-go. 
Cervera, sea-vi'ra. 
Cesana, cha-sa'nL 
Cevennes, sa-venn'. 
Ceylon, seelpn or sil-one'. 
Chagres, cha'grls. 

Chalons-sur-Marne, shaloN' siiu maun. 
Chalons-sur-Sa6ne, shaloN' siiR sone. 
Chambers,- charne'berz. 
Cham'b er s -burg. 
Chamb6ry, shibi'ba're'. 
Chamouny, sha'moo-ne\ 
Champagne, shaai'paa'. 
Champaign, sham-pane'. 
Champlain, sham-plain'. 
Chandeleur, shan-de-loor'. 
Chang-hai, syn. Sbang-Hai 
Chantilly, shax s teelye' or shibrteye'. 
Chapala, cha-pala. 
Chap'el Hill. 
Chare as, chaRTias. 
Charente, shaYaNf . 

Charente Inferieur, shaYaxf aNfiVe-un'. 
Chariton, chaVe-tpn. 
Charkow, kaR-kof, syn. Kharkof. 
Charles'ton. 
Charles'town. 
Charleville, shaRTvill'. 
Charlevoix, sharle-voi'. 
Charlotte, shar^t 
Charlottesville, sharlots-vil. 
Chartres, shastr. 
Chatauque. See Chautauque. 
Chateauguay, shaf 6-gay'. 
Chateaudun, sha'to-dux'. 
Chateau-Gonthier, sha v to , -gON v te-a'. 
Chateauroux, sha^toYoo'. 
Chat-el-Arab, syn. Shat-el-Arab. 
Chatellerault, shanelTro'. 
Chatham, chat'um. 
Chat-ta-hoo'chee. 
Chat-too'ga. 
Chaudiere, sho'de-aia'. 
Chaumont (France), sho'moN'. 
Chaumont (N. Y.), sho'mo'. 
Chautauque. sha-tau'que. 
Chelmsford, chemz'furd. 
Chelsea, chel'se. 
Cheltenham, chelthum. 
Chemnitz, Kem'nits. 



CLE 
Chemung, she-mune\ 
Chenango, she-nang go. 
Chepstow, chep'eto. 
Cher, Shane. 

Cherburg, sher'burg or shaae'booa. 
Cher'o-kee'. 
Cherso, keYso. 
Chertsey, ches'sy. 
Ches'a-peake. 
Cheshire, chesh'ir. 
Ches'ter. 
Ches'ter-field 
Che-sun'cook. 
Chetimaches, chet-thn-atch'iz or shet x - 



Cheviot, chiv'e-ut. 

Cheyenne, she-enn', syn. Chienne. 

Chiapa, che-a'pa. 

Chiari, ke-a're. 

Chiavari, ke-a'va-re. 

Chicago, she-kau'go. 

Chick-a-pee'. 

Chichester, chitch'es-ter. 

Chick-a-homl-ny. 

Chick'a-saw. 

Chicot, shee'ko. 

Chiem See, xeem si. 

Chienne or Cheyenne, she-enn'. 

Chieti, ke-a'te. 

Chihuahua, che-wa'wL 

Chikailis. See Chilts. 

Chili, chille (Sp. Chile, checla). 

Chil-H-coth'e. 

Chiloe, cheel-o-a' (almost chil-way'). 

Chilts (ch as in child) or Chikailis (Chick- 

elis), che-ka/lis. 
Chimborazo, chim-bo-ra'zo (Sp. pron, 

cheem-bo-ra'tho). 
Chi'na. 
Chin in'di-a. 

Chinchilla, chin-cheel'ya. 
Chippenham, chip'num. 
Chippewa, chip'pe-wa» 
Chip'pe-way. 
Chiquitos, che-kee'toce. 
Chiswick, chizlk. 
Chiften-den. 
Choc'taw. 
Cholula, cho-loola. 
Chorley, choree. 
Chowan, cho-wan'. 
€hris-tl-an'a. 
Christiania, kris-te-a'ne-a. 
Christiansand, kris'te-an-sand\ 
Christianstadt, kris'te-an-stat (Sw. Chris- 

tianstad, kris'te-an-stad v ). 
Chrudim, Kroo'dim. 
Chunrhul. 

Chuquisaca, chob-ke-saldL 
Chur, kook, syn. Coire. 
Church'ill. 
Ciara, se-a'ra; written, also, Ceara and 

Sear a. 
Cienfuegos, se-enYwa'goce. 
Cinaloa, sin-a-lo'L 

Cincinnati, sin-sin-ah'te. [Often improp- 
erly pronounced as if written Cincin- 

natah or Cincinnatuh.] 
Cinque Ports, sink porta. 
Cin'tra or seen'tra. 
Cir-cars'. 

Circassia, ser-kash'e-a. 
Cirencesterj commonly pronounced sis'- 

e-ter. 
Cittadella, chiMa-della. 
Ciudad Real (Spain), the-oo-Dar / ra-al'. 
Ciudad Real (Mexico), se-oo-dacr" ra-al'. 
Ciudad Rodrigo, the-oo-DaD' roD-ree'go. 
Civita Vecchia, chee've-ta vekke-a. 
Clack-man'nan. 
Clagenfurth or Klagenfurth, kll'ghen- 

foorf. 
Claiborne, klaTmrn. 
Clal'ams. 

Clamecy, clim'se'. 
Clausthal or Klausthal, klous'taal. 
Clay'tQn. 
Clear'field. 
Cler-mont/. 

I Clermont Ferrand, kleaYnAN' f3rYiN'. 
| Cleveland or Cleaveland, kleevland. 



COP 

Cleves, kleevz (Ger. Kleve, kli'veh 

Fr. Cleves, klave). 
Clif 'tpn. 
jClin'tgn. 

iClitheroe, klifli'er-o. 
JClogher, klfth'Her. 
Cloghnakilty, kloH'na-kil'te, or Cumf 

kil'ty. 
Cl<?n-mell'. 
Clydes'dale. 
Co-a-ho'ma. 

Coahuila. Sec Cohahuila. 
Coango, ko-ang'go. 
Co-an'za. 
Coblentz (Ger. Coblenz, ko'blente ; Vt 

Coblence, ko'blaNce'). 
Cobu, ko-boo'. 

CoTDurg (Ger. pron. koTwoRG). 
Cochabamba, ko-cha-bamnaa. 
Cochin, co-cheen'. 
Co'chin Chi'na. 
Codoguo, ko-don'yo. 
Co-do'rus. 

Coeslin. See Coslin. 
Coeymans, quee'manz. 
Cognac, kone-yak'. 
Cohahuila or Coahuila, ko-a-weeliL 
Co-has'set 

Cohoes or Cahoos, kp-hoze 7 . 
Co-im-ba-toor' or Co-im-ba-tore' 
Co-im'bra or ko-eem'bra. 
Coire, kwaR (Ger. Chur, kooa* 
Col'berg (Ger. pron. kol^eRG). 
Col'ches-ter. 
Cole-rain'. 
Colima, ko-lee'ma. 
CoHe-tpn. 
Cpl-lump'tpn. 
Come, koln. 
Cologne, ko-lone 7 (Fr. pron. ko'lofl , 

Ger. K61n). 
Colombia, ko-lom'be-a. 
Co-lom'bo or Co-lum'bo. 
Col'on-sa or Col'on-say\ 
Colorado, ko-lo-rah'do. 
Co-lum'bi-a. 
Co-lum-bl-an'a. 
Co-lum'bo, syn. Colombo. 
Co-lumTDus. 
Co-mac'. 
Co-man'che or Ca-man'che (Sp. proa, 

ko-man'cha). 
Co-mar'go, syn. Camargo 
Comayagua, ko-mi-a'gwa. 
ComTier-mere. 
Comines, ko^meen'. 
Co'mo. 
Com'o-rin. 

Co'morn or Komorn. 
Com'o-ro. 

Compiegne, kAii'pe-ain'. 
Com-po-stella (Sp. Compostela, kom^ 

po-stAla). 
Concan, kong'kun. 
Conception, kpn-sep'shun (Sp. Conccp- 

cion, kon-thep-the-on'). 
Con'chas (ck as in child) 
Concord, kongTiurd. 
Con-cor'di-a. 

Conde, kon'de or kc-N'di'. 
Conecocheague, kon'e-ko-cheeg". 
Conecuh, ko-neelia. 
Conemaugh, kon'e-maw. 
Con-es-to'ga. 
Co-ne'sus. 

Congaree, kong'ga-ree'. 
Congleton, kong'gl-tun. 
Congo, Cong'go, or Zaire, za-eer 
Connaught, kon'naut. 
Connecticut, kpn-nefe-kut. 
Con'stance (Ger. Constanz, kon'stinta,) . 
Constantina, kon-stan-tee'ni. 
Con-stan-tT-no'plfi (Turk. Stam-bool^ 
Con'way or Conwy, kon'we. 
Cooch Ba-haR'. 
Coo-mas'sie. 
C003 (often called Co-03 7 by the inhabit 

ants). 
Coo'sa. 
Co-peh-ha'gen (Dan. Kjobenhavn, kyi? 

ben-houn'j. 



ou as in our (or ow as in now) ; n similar to ng ; s hke 2 ; gh like g hard ; fh as in this. (See Explanations, p. 92 "• 
4K 



98 



A GEOGRAPHICAL ^OCABULAR* . 



CUR 



ko-to 



Co-pi'ah. 
Go-pi-a-po'. 

Coquet, kok'et 

Coquimbo, ko-keemho. 

Corbach, koR'baK. 

Corbeau, kor-bo'. 

Corcyra, kor-si'ra, syn. Corfu. 

Cor-diller-as (Sp. pron. koR-deel-ya'ras). 

Cor'do-va or Cordoba. 

Co-re'a. 

Corfu, kor-foo' or kor'fu (modern Greek 

pron. kor-feeO- 
Corinth. 
Corn'wall. 
Cor'o-man'del. 

Corpus Christi, kor'pus kris'te. 
Correze, korYaze'. 
Cor'rib. 
Cor-ri-en'tes. 
Cor'si-ca (Fr. Corse). 
Corte, koK'ta. 
Cortland. 
Cortona, koR-to'na. 
Co-run'na (Sp. Coruna, ko-roon'ya). i 
Cor'vo. 

Cosenza, ko-een'za. 
Cosh-oc'ton. 

Coslin, Cceslin, or Koslin, kos-leen'. 
Cosne, kone. 
Cos'sacks. 
Cosseir, kos-sare'. 
Costarica, kos'ta-reeTsa. 
C6te d'Or, kot doR. 
Cdtes du Nord, kot du nos. 
Cotignola, ko-teen-yol'a. 
Cotopaxi, ko-to-pax'e (Sp. pron 

pah/He). 
Cottbus or Kottbus, kottfboos. 
Courland, koorland, syn. Koorland. 
Courtray or Courtrai, kooR v tra' (Flem 

Kortryk, kort'nke). 
Contance, kob-taNce'. 

Coventry, kuv'en-tre. 

Covington, kuv'ing-tun. 

Cowes, kowz. 

4}ow-e'ta. 

•Cracow,' kra'ko (Polish Krak6w, kra'- 

koof). 
Cra'ven. 
Craw'ford. 
Crecy, kres'se (Fr. pron. kra'ceO, often 

written Gressy by the English. 
Crefeld, kra'f Sit. 

Crema, kra'ma. 

Cremnitz, krem'nits, syn. Kreinnitz. 

Cre-mo'na (It pron. kra-mo'na). 

Cres'sy. See Crecy. 

Crete, syn. Candia. 

Creuse, kruz. 

Creutznacb, kroits'naK, syn. Kreutznach. 

Crim-e'a (Russ. Krim). 

Crit/ten-den. 

Croatia, kro-a'she-a (called by the natives 
Horvath Orszag, hoR-vaat oR-saag), 

Crock'ett 

Croix (St), kroi, syn. Santa Cruz. 

Crom'ar-ty. 

Cronstadt, kron'statt 

Cro'ton. 

Croy'don. 

Csaba, ch5b'6h\ 

Csongrad, chon-grad'. 

Cu'ba (Sp. pron. koo'ba). 

Cuban, koo-ban', syn. Kooban. 

Cuenca, kweng'ka. 

Culhuacan, kool-wa-kan', syn. Palenque. 

Culiacan, koo-le-i-kan'. 

Cul-lo'den. 

Culm, koolm. 

Cul'pep-per. 

Cul-ross'. 

Oumana, koo-ma-na'. 

Cumania or Rumania, ku-ma'ne-a (Hun. 

Kunsag, koon-shaag). 
•Cum'ber-land. 
<Cupar,'koo'per. 
•Curaooa, kuVa-so'. 
<Curische-Haft'j koo'rlsh-eh-hiff', syn. Ku- 

rische Haff. 
Cur'ri-tuck. 
Curzola, koord-zola. 



DES 
Custrin or Kttstrin, kus-treen'. 
Cut-tack'. 

Cux-ha'ven or ko5x-ha'fen. 
Cuyahoga, kl-a-ho'ga, 
Cuzco. koos'ko. 
Cyn-thi-an'a. 

Cythera, sith-ee'ra, syn. Cerigo. 
Czernigow, cher'ne-gof, syn. Tchernigof. 
Czernowitz, cher'no-vits (more correct- 
ly, Czernowice, chertio-vit'seh). 
Czirknicz or Zirknitz, tseeRk'nits. 



D. 



Dac'ca. 

Dac-o'tah, syn. Sioux. 

Daghestan, da'ghis-tan'. 

Dahomey or Dahomay, dahTio-ma*. 

Dahl, dal. 

Dalecarlia, da-le-karle-a, or Dalarne, da' 

lar-na. 
Dallas. 
Dalles, dalz. 
Dalmatia, dal-ma'she-a. 
Dalton, daul'tun. 

Da-mas'cu8 (Arab. Sham-el-Ke-beer'). 
Dambea. See Dembea. 
Dam-I-et'ta (Arab. Damiat, da-rne-atf). 
Dam'piers. 

Dan'aw, syn. Danube. 
Danbury, dan'ber-e. 
Dant'zic (Ger. Danzig, dant'sio). 
Dan'ube (Ger. Donau, do'now). 
Dardanelles, darMa-nelz'. 
Dar-foor', written, also, Darfur and 

Darfour. 
Darien, da're-en (Sp. pron. da-re-en'). 
Darke, dark. 
Darling-tpn. 
Darmstadt, daRm'statt 
Dartmouth, dartfmuth. 
Dar'war". 
Dau'phin. 

Dauphin6, doTe'ni'. 
Da'vid-son. 
Davie, da've. 
Daviess, da'vis. 
Da'vis. 
Dax, dlx. 
Day'ton. 

Deal, deel. 

Dearborn, deer'burn. 

Debreczin or Debretzin, da-bretfsin. 

De-ca'tur. 

Dec'can or DekTtan. 

De Kalb, de kail/.' 

Del-a-go'a. 

Delaware, del'a-war. 

Delft (every letter should be pro 
nounced). 

Delgada, del-ga'da, 

Delhi or Dehli (Hindostan), dellee. 

Delhi (in the U. S.), delTiI. 

Del'ta. 

Del'vi-no. 

Dem'be-a or dem-bee'a; written, also, 
Dambea. 

Demerara, dem-er-a'ra, 

Denbigh, denTse. 

Denbighshire, den'be-shir. 

Den'der-ah. 

Dende'rmonde, denMer-mon'deh, or Den- 
dermond. denMer-mftnt (French Ter- 
monde, tSR v m6Nd r ). 

Denis (St.), sent den'is or den'e (Fr. Saint 
Denis, s£n d'nee). 

Den'mark (Dan. Dan'e-mark), 

Depeyster, de-pice'ter. 

Deptford, ded'furd. 

Der'bend'. 

DerTjy or darTse (the latter pron. was 
formerly universal). 

Derbyshire, der'be-shjr. 

Derr, deR. 

Der'ry, syn. Londonderry. 

Der'went 

De Ruyter, de ri'ter. 

Desaguadero, des-a'gwa-da'ro 



I DUL 

| Desh-a'. 

Des Moines, de moin'. 
Despoblado, dls-po-bla'DO. 
De So'to. 
Des'sau (Ger. pron. des'sow), sometime* 

written Dessaw. 
Det'mold (Ger. pron. det'molt) 
De-troit'. 
Det'ting-en. 
Deutz, doits. 
Deux-ponts, duh'poN' (Ger. Zweibr&ck 

en, tswl-bruk'ken). 
De'ven-ter or Dewenter, da'ven-ter. 
Devizes, de-vi'ziz. 
Dev'Qn-port 
Devonshire, dev'on-shir. 
Dhawalaghiri, da-wora-gher're. 
Di-arlsekr or Diarbekir, dee-ar'be-keef . 
Die or Diez, Saint, s£n dd-4'. 
Diepholz, deepTiolts. 
Dieppe, dyepp or de-epp f . 
Diest, deest 
Digne, deen. 
Dijon, de^zhii*'. 
Dilling-en. 

Dinant, de'naN or de-nanf . 
Dingle, ding'gl. 
Din-wid'die. 
Dixmude, dix , milde / (Flem. Dixmoy- 

den, dix-moi'den). 
Dizier, Saint, saN de'ze-a'. 
Djid'da, syn. Jidda. 
Djoliba, jol'e-ba. syn. Joliba. 
Dnieper, nee'per (Rus. pron. dnyep'per) 
Dniester, nees'ter (Rus. pron. dnyes'ter) 
Doab or Dooab, doo'ab'. 
Do-fra-fi-eld', syn. DovrefieldL 
D61e, dol. 

Dolgelly, dol-geth'le. 
Dol'lart. 

Domingo, do-ming'go. 
Dominica, dom-e-nee'ka. 
Dominique, dom-e-neek', is the Fr. of the 

preceding. 
Don (Tartar Doo'na.) 
Don Cos'sacks. 
Donaghadee, don'a-na-dee' 
Donc'as-ter. 
Donegal, don-e-gaul'. 
Dongola, dong'go-la, 
Dor'ches-ter. 

Dordogne, dor'done' (Fr. pron. doR'doO'.) 
Dordrecht, dort'reKt or Doit. 
Dornoch, dor'noK. 
Dorpat, doR'pat, or Dorpt 
Dorsetshire, dor'set-shir. 
Dort, syn. Dordrecht 
Douai or Douay, doo v 4'- 
Doubs, doobz. 
Douglas, dug'less. 
Douro, doo'ro (Sp. Duero, dwa'ro). 
Do'ver. 
D6'vre-fi-eld' (Norw. Daavrefjeld, dO'- 

vre-fyeld'). 
Dowlatabad, dou v la-ta-bad'. 
Down-pafrick. 
Draguignan, di-a , gheen v yaN /r . 
Drammen, dram'men. 
Drave (Ger. Drau, drow; Slavonian Dra 

va, dra'va). 
Drenthe, di'en'teh. 
Dres'den. 
Dreux, druh. 

Drin, dreen, or Drino, dreCno. 
Drogheda, dr5h'He-da. 
Drohobicz, drolio-bitch' or 

Dro'ho-vitsch\ 
Droitwich, droifitch. 
Dr6me, drom. 
Drontheim, dront r im (Norw. Trondjero 

trSnd'yem). 
Druses, dru'ziz. 
Duanesburg, du-ainz'burg. 
Dublin. 

Dubno, doob'no. 
Du-bois'. 

Du Buque, du book (po as in moon). 
Dudley, dudle. 

Duero, doo-aro or dwa'ro, syn. Douro 
Du'is-burg or doo'is-b66RO\ 
Dulce, Rio, ree'o dool'sa or dool'tha. 



Curzola, koord-zolL Desagu adero, des-ft'gwa-da'ro. JJulce, ±uo, reeo aooi sa u, u" "-^ 

Fite, fir, fdll, fat •, mi. met ; no, n5t ; a, e, t o, obscure ; a, e. I. 6. Q. long ; a, 6, i. 6, u, short ; oo as in moon : 66 as in good 



MHH 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



99 



ELK 
Dulcigno, dool-cheen'yo. 
Dulwich, dul'ich. 
Dum-bar'ton. 

Dumbartonshire, dum-bar 7 ton-eh}r. 
Dumfries, dum-freece 7 . 
Dun-bar 7 . 

Dundalk, dun-dauk'. 
Dun-das'. 
Dun-dee'. 

Dunfermline, dum-ferTin. 
Dun-gan'non. 
Dun-gar'vpn. 
Dungeness, dun-jen-ess 7 . 
Dunkeld, dun-kell'. 

DunTdrk (Fr. Dunkerque, duN'kfink'). 
Dunwich, dun'ich. 
Du'plin. 

Duquesne, du-kane 7 . 
Durance, duYa^fce'. 
Durango, doo-rang'go. 
Durazzo, doo-rat'so, or Duras, doo-ras' 
Dii'ren or Mark-Dii'ren. 
Durham, dur'um. 
Durlach, dSoalax. 
Dus'sel-dorf. 
Dutch'ess. 
Duval, du-voll'. 
Duyveland, doi've-lant 
Dwi'na (Rus. pron. dvee'na). 
Dy'ers-burg. 
Dyl or Dyle, dlle. 



E. 

Early, erte. 

Eastfon'. 

Easfport. 

East'ville. 

Eafon. 

Ebora. See Evora. 

E'bro (Sp. pron. a/bro). 

Eccloo, ek-klo'. 

Ecija, athe-Ha. 

Eckmiihl, ek'miile. 

Ecuador, ek-wa-doRe', or E-qua'tor. 

E'den-ton. 

Ed'foo ; written, also, Edfou and Edfu. 

Ed'gar-ton. 

Edgecombe, ej'kum. 

E-dl'na. 

Edinburg, ed'in-bur-reh ; written, also, 

Edinborough. 
Ed'is-to. 
Ed'mpnd-son. 
Ed'wards-ville. 
Effingham, efing-um. 
Eg'er (in Bohemian, Cheb, Keb). 
Eg'ri-po, syn. Negropont 
Egypt, e'jipt (Arab. Musr or Masr). 
Ehrenbreitstein, a'ren-brite'stine. 
Eichstadt or Aichstadt, ixe'stett 
Eilenburg, flen-b65RG. 
Eimbeck, ime'bek. 
Eimeo, i'mee-o. 
Eisenach, i'zen-as. 
Eisenstadt, i'zen-stattf. 
Eisleben, ice'la-ben. 
Ekatarenburg. a-ka'ta-reen-boorg. 
Ekalarinoslaf or -slav, a-ka'ta-reen v o-slaf . 
Ekhmym. See Akhmym. 
Elatma, a-lat'ma, or Yelatma, yel-afma. 
EFba. 

Elbe, elb (Ger. pron. erbeh). 
El'ber-field (Ger. pron. el'ber-felt). 
EFbert. 
Elbeuf, eTbitf . 
EVbing. 
H-boorz' or El-brooz ; written, also, El- 

brouz. 
Elche, el'cha. 
El Dorado, el do-ra'do. 
El-e-phan'ta. 
Elg'in. 

Elg'in-shire ; called, also, Morayshire. 
Elizabetgrad, a-lia'a-bet-grad', or Yelisa- 

vetgrad. 
Elk'hart. 
Ells'worth. 
El-mi'ra. 



FAI 
El paso del Norte, el pa'so del noa'ta. 
Ersin-ore'. or Elsineur, el'se-nur' (Dan. 

Hel-sing-6'er). 
El'vas. 
Ely, eele. 
E-man'u-eL 
Em'brun or aM'bruN'. 
Em'den or Emb'den. 
Em'e-sa, syn. Homs. 
Emmerich, em'mer-ix, or Emrich, em'- 

riK. 
Em'met. 
Ems, ems. 
Enghien, aN N ghe-a?r\ 
England, ing'gland. 
Engoor or Engour, en-goor 7 , and Enguri, 

en-goo're, syn. Angora 
Enikale, en-e-kS/la, syn. Yenicale. 
EniseL See YeniseL 
Enkhuizen, enk-hoi'zen. 
En'nis-cor'thy. 
EnYis-kil'len. 
Ens, fins. 
Entre Douro e Minho, en'tra doo'ro a 

meen'yo. 
Entre Rios, en'tra ree'oce. 
Eperies, a-per'e-8s (Hun. pron. a-per-e- 

esh). 
Epernay, a-pSa^ni'. 
Eph'e-sus, syn. Ayasoolook. 
E-pi'rus. 

E-qua'tor, syn. Ecuador. 
Erbach. fia'baK. 
Erfurt, eR'foSRt 

Er'gree Kas'tree, syn. Argyro Castro. 
Ericht, eVixt 
Erie, e're. 
E'rin, syn. Ireland. 
Erivan, fir-e-van' 
Erlangen, SRlang-en. 
Erlau, SrIou (Hun. Eg'er). 
Erne, Lough, Ioh ern. 
Erz-room' ; written, also, Ardsroom, Erz- 

eroum, and Erzrum. 
Erzgebirge, iRts'ga-beea'ghe. 
Es-cam'bi-a. 
Escurial, es-koo-re-iT. 
Eski shehr, es'kee shaih'r 7 . 
Esne, es'neh\ 
Esquimaux, es'ke-mo. 
Es'sen. 
Es'sex. 
Es Sioot or Es Siout, es-eee-oof, syn. Si- 

oot 
Essling-en. 
Es'te, es'ita. 
Es-tho'ni-a. 
Es'till. 

Estramadura, es-tr&-ma-DOo'ra> 
EstremOz, es v tra-moze'. 
Eszek, es'sek. 
Etampes, ataMp'. 
Etienne, Saint, ssbrt ef e-enn'. 
Et'o-wah. 

Etsch. etch, syn. Adige. 
Eu, uh. 

Eupen, oi'pen (Fr. N6au, na'6'). 
Euphrates, u-fra'tez (Turk. Frit). 
Eure, ure or ur. 
Europe, u'rup. 
Eu'taw, syn. Utah. 
Eutin, oi-teen'. 

Euxine, ux'in, syn. Black Sea. 
Evesham, eevzlmm or eevz'um. 
Ev'o-ra ; written, also, Ebora 
Evreux, evYuh'. 
Ex'e-ter. 
Eyalet, I-yalet. 
Eylau, ilou. 



Eaenza, fa-en'za. 

Fahlun, f aloon. 

Faeroe, fa'ro or fi'ro-e. 

Faioom or Faioum, fi-oom 7 . 

Fairfax. 

Fair'field. 

Falaise. fa-laze 7 . 



FRA 

Falkirk, faulTrirk. 

Falkland, faukland. 

Falmouth, f al'muth. 

Falster, fal'ster or f il'ster. 

Falun or Fahlun, flloon. 

Fano, f a'no. 

Faro, fa'ro. 

Farsistan, far-sis-tin'. 

Fas, syn. Fez. 

Fauquier, fau-keer 7 . 

Fayal, f i-al'. 

Fayette, fa-yet'. 

Fayette\ille, fa'yet-vil. 

Fayoum, fi-oom', syn. Faioom. 

Fee'jee, syn. Fiji 

Feliciana, fe-lis'se-an'a. 

Fem'ern. 

Fen'tress. 

Feodosia, fa-o-do'se-l. syn. Kaffa 

Fere, La, la faiR. 

Fermanagh, fer-man'a. 

Fermo, flr'mo. 

Fer-moy'. 

Ferrara, f er-ra'rl. 

Fer'ro (Sp. Hierro, yeVro). 

Ferrol, fer-role'. 

Fez or Fas. 

Fezzan, feVzan'. 

Fichtelgebirge, fiK-tel-ga-be€R'gheh. 

Fiesole, fyes'o-li or Fes'so-le. 

Fife'shirc. 

Figeac, fe'zhak'. 

Figueras, fe-ga'ras. 

Fiji, pronounced, and often written, Fee 

jee. 
Finistere, finlstaiR. 7 
Finistere, Cape, fin-is-tair 7 (Sp. Finistier 

ra, fee-nis-te-6r 7 rL) 
Finland. 
Fin'mark. 
Fisme, feem. 
Fiume, fyoo'ma. 
Flan'ders (Fr. Flandre, fliN-'dr). 
Flem'ing. 

FlensTiurg or Flensborg. 
Flor'ence (It. Firenze, fe-ren'za, or Flo- 

renza, fe-o-ren'za). 
Flo'res. 
Flour, Saint, saN flooa (rhyming wilii 

poor). 
Florl-da. 

Flush'ing (Dutch Vlis'sing-en). 
Flu-van'na. 

Fohr, foR, or Fohrde, foR'deh 
Foggia, fod'ja. 
Foglia, fole'yL 
Foix, fwa. 
Fohgno, fo-leen'yo. 
Fondi, fon'de. 

Fontainebleau, fANtane'blo . 
Fontarabia, fon-ta-ra.'be-a (Sp. Fventer* 

bia, fwen-ta-ra-bee'a). 
Fontenay, foNt'na'. 
Foolah, generally written Foulah 
Foo'ta Jallo. 
For'far. 

Forli, for-lee 7 . , 

Formentera, for-men-ta'ra. 
For-mo'sa (called by the Chinese Tal 

wan, ti-wan'). 
Forsyth, for-sifh'. 

For-ta-ven-tu'ra, syn. Fuertaventun. 
Forth! 

Fossano, fos-sa'no. 
Fotheringay, fofh"er-ing-g&' 
Fougeres, foo'zhaia'. 
Foulah, foola, syn. Foolah. 
Fourche, foorsh. See La Fourche. 
Fowey, foy, sometimes written Fawey. 
Foyers, often written, and alwaya pro 

nounced, Fy'erg. 
Foyle, Lough, Ioh, foil. 
France, frlnce (Fr. pron. fraNce). 
Fran-cis'co (St.), syn. San Francisco. 
Franche Comte, fraxsh k6Nta'. 
Fran-co'ni-a (Ger. Franken or Frankon 

land, frink'en-lant). 
Franeker, fran'ek-er. 
Frankenstein, frank'en-stine 
Frankenthal, frank'en-taal. 
Frank'fprt (Ger. Frankfurt, frank'f 6or{ 



on as in our (or ow as in novh • v similar to ng ; e like i ; gh like g hard : th as in this. (See Explanations, p. 92 ' 



100 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



GEN 

Franklin. 

Frascati, fras-ka'te. 

Frauenburg, frow'en-booRG\ 

Fraustadt, frow'statt. 

Fred'er-icks-burg. 

Fred'er-ic-ton. 

Freiberg, fri'beRG. 

Freiburg, frTburg or fri'booHG. 

Freising, fri'zing, or Freisingen, fri'zing 

en. 
Freistadt, fri'statt. 
Frejus, fra'zhtice'. 
Freyburg. See Freiburg. 
Freystadt. See Freistadt. 
Friburg, fre'booR', syn. Freyburg. 
Friedland, freedland (Ger. pron. freet'' 

lint). 
Friesland, freezland, Vriesland or Frie- 

flia, frea'zhe-a. 
Frio, free'o. 
Frische Haff, frish'eh haff, or Frische 

See, frish'eh sk. 
Friuh, fre-oc/le (It. pron. free'oo-le). 
Frome Sel'wood. 
Frontignac, froN v teenyak'. 
Frontera, fron-ta'ra. 
Fuertaventura, fweR"ta-ven-too'ra. 
Fulda, f 661'da. 
Fulton, fool'tun. 
Funchal, foon'shal'. 
Fun'dy. 

Fii'nen (Dan. Fyen, fii en). 
Funfkirchen, funf-keerTcen. 
Furnes, fiirn. 

Furruckabad, furYuk-a-bad'. 
Furth, fiiRt. 
Fyers. See Foyers. 
Fyne, Loch, Iok, fine. 
Fyum, fi-oom', syn. Faioom. 



G. 

Gadamis, ga-da'mis, syn. Ghadamis. 

Gads'den. 

Gaeta, ga-a'ta. 

Gaillac, gahyak' or galyak'. 

Cr&illon, giliyoN' or galyoN' 

Gairloch, gareloK. 

Galapagos, gal-'a-pa'gus. 

Galashiels, gal-a-sheelz'. 

Ga-le'na. 

Galicia, gal-ish'e-a. 

Gall, Saint, sent gaul (Fr. pron. eis gall, 
Ger. Sancte Gallen, sank'teh gallen). 

Gallapagos. See Galapagos. 

Galla-tin. 

Galli-a. 

Galhpoli, gal-lip'o-le. 

Galhpohs (Ohio), galli-po-leece'. 

Gallo-way. 

Gal'ves-ton. 

Galway, gaul'way. 

GamTn-a. 

Gand, gaN, syn. Ghent. 

Ganges, gan'j^z (Hindoo Gunga). 

Gap, gap. 

Gard, gas. 

Garda, gaR'da. 

Gardon, gaR'd&N'. 

Gardiner, gard'ner. 

Garfagnana, gar-fan-ya'na. 

Garigflano, gl-reel-ya'no. 

Garonne, gaYonn'. 

GarYard. 

GarYows. 

Gae-co-nade'. 

Gaa'co-nv (Fr. Gascogne, ga^kon 7 ). 

Gaspe, gas'pa'. 

Gateshead, gaitslied. 

Gaza, ga'za. 

Geauga, je-aw'ga. 

Geel, gheel (Dutch pron. Hale). 

Gefle, yevli. 

Gelders or Guelders, ghel'ders (Dutch 
Geldern, Hel'dern), or Gel'der-land. 

Genesee, jen-e-se'e'. 

Geneseo, jen-e-see'o. 

5eneva, jen-ee'vah (Ger. Genf, Fr. Gen- 
eve, zhen-ave'). 



GRA 

Genevieve, jen-e-veev'. 

Genii, Ha-neel' ; written, also, Xenil. 

Genoa, jen'o-a (It. Genova, jen'o-va). 

George'town, or Stabroek, sta'brook. 

Gera, ga'ra. 

Ger'ma-ny (Ger. Deutschland, doitch'- 
lant). 

Gerona, Ha-ro'na. 

Gers, zhain. 

Gex, zhex. 

Geysers, ghi'sers. 

Ghadamis, ga-da'mis. 

Ghauts, gauts. 

Gheel, syn. Geel. 

Ghee'zeh ; written, also, Gizeh and Jizeh. 

Ghent (Fr. Gand, gaN). 

Ghool-ghool'a. 

Gibraltar, je-braul'ter (Sp. pron. He-bral- 
taKO. 

Gibson, ghib'sun. 

Giessen, ghees'sen. 

Gihon, je-hon' or je-hoon', syn. Oxus. 

Gijon, He-Hone', syn. Xixon. 

Gijona, He-Ho'na, syn. Xixona. 

Gila, neela. 

Giles, jilz. 

Gilmer, ghil'mer. 

Gilolo, je-lolo. 

Girjeh, jeer'jeh ; written Djirdjeh by the 
French. 

Girjenti, jeeroen'te. 

Gironde, je-rond' (Fr. pron. zheYONd'). 

Gizeh, jee'zeh or ghee'zeh. [It is a cu- 
rious fact, that there is the same differ- 
ence in the pronunciation of this name 
among the Arabs of Egypt, as we might 
suppose would arise among English- 
men attempting to pronounce Gizeh, 
some making the g hard, others soft.] 

Glad'win. 

Glamorganshire, glam-or'gun-shjr. 

Glar'us (Fr. Glaris, glaYeece'). 

Glas'gow. 

Glatz, gilts (Pol. KlodzTco). 

Glauchau, glou'xou. 

Glogau, glo'gou ; sometimes written Glo- 
gaw. 

Glom'men, almost glum'men. 

Gloucester, glos'ter. 

Gliickstadt, gluck'statt. 

Gmiind, gmoont or Gmun'den. 

Gmund, gmiint. 

Gnesen, gna'zen (Pol. Gniesno). 

Go'a. 

Godavery, go-da'ver-e. 

Goes, Hooce. 

Goettingen. See Gottingen 

Gol-con'da. 

Gold'berg or golfb&RG. 

Golnow, gol'nov. 

Gom-broon' or Bun'der Ab-as'see (Abas 
si). 

Gomera, go-ma'ra. 

Gonaives, Les, la gd-nlve'. 

Gon'dar. 

Goochland, gootchland. 

Goold'sha; written, also, Guldscha and 
Gouldja. 

Goom'ty. 

GorMa. 

Gor'cum. 

Gorlitz, almost gurTits. 

Gortz, almost gurts (It. Gorizia, go-rid'- 
se-a). 

Goalar. 

Gos'port. 

Gotha, go'ta. 

Gothenburg, got'en-burg (Sw. Gothe 
l)org, yo'ta-borg). 

Gothland (Sw. Gotaland, yo'ta-land). 

Gottland or Gothland. 

Gottingen or Goettingen, getfting-en. 

Gou'da (Dutch pron. How'da). 

Gouldja. See Gooldsha. 

Goyaz, go-yaz', syn. Villa Boa. 

Gozzo, got'so. 

Gracias a Dios, gra'se-as a dee'oce. 

Graciosa, gra-se-o'sa. 

Gradisca, gra-dis'ka. 

Graetz, grets, syn. Gr&tz. 

Graf tpn. 



GUY 

Grammont, gram^moN'. 

Gram'pi-an. 

Gran, gran (Hun. Esztergom, es'teB-gomj, 

Granada, gran-a'da (Sp. pron. gra-naYA). 

Granger, grain'jer. 

Grantham, grant'um. 

Gran'ville. 

Grasse, grass. 

Gratiot, grash'e-ot. 

Gratz or Graetz, grets. 

Graubiindten, grou'biint-en, syn. Grisons. 

Graudentz, grou'dents. 

Gravelines, gravleen'. 

Gravesend, eraivz'end'. 

Grayson, gra'sun. 

Great Britain, -brit'un. 

Green'bri-er. 

Greenland (Dan. Gronland or Groea 

land).' 
Green'ock. 
Greens'ville. 
Green'up. 
Green'ville. 
Greenwich, grinldge. 
Greifswalde, grifs'wal'deh (formerly 

written Gripeswold). 
Grenada, gi-en-a'da. [Grenada, the name 
of one of the British West India islands, 
ought not to be confounded with the 
Spanish name Granada (sometimes 
improperly written with an e in the 
first syllable). Mr. Worcester pro- 
nounces Grenada gre-na'da, probably 
referring to this mode of spelling the 
Spanish name.] 
Grenoble, gren-obl' or greh-no'b'l. 
Grindelwald, grin'del-walt\ 
Gripeswold. See Greifswalde. 
Grisons, gre"z6N > (Ger. Graubiindten, 

grou'bunt-en). 
Grod'no. 
Gron'ing-en. 

Gross-Glogau, groce-glo'gou. 
Gross-Wardein, groce'-waR-dlne . 
Griinberg, grun'beRG or Gru'ne-berg . 
Guadalajara or Guadalaxara, gwa-Da-li 

Ha'ra. 
Guadaloupe, gau'da-loop' or ga v da-loop'. 
Guadalupe, gwa-da-loo'paor gau'da-loop'. 
Guadalquivir, gau'dal-quiv'er (Sp. pron. 

gwa-Dal-ke-veer'). " 
Guadiana, gau'de-ah'na or gwa x De-S,'na. 
Guanaxuato or Guanajuato, gwa-ni- 

Hwa'to. 
Guancavelica, gwang-ka-va-lee'ka ; writ 

ten, also, Huancabelica. 
Guardfui, gwar x da-fwee' or gar v daf-we'. 
Guastalla, gwas-talla. 
Guatemala, gau'te-mahlaor gwa-te-mala. 
Guaxaca, gwa-Ha'ka, almost wa-ha'ka, 

syn. Oaxaca. 
Guayama, gwl-a'ma. 
Guayaquil, gwi-a-keel'. 
Guaymas, gwi'mas. 
Guayra, gwi'rL See La Guayra. 
Guazacualco, gwa-sa-kwallio ; also wriV 

ten Huasacualco. 
Guben, goo'ben. 
Guelderland, ghel'der-land, syn. Geldor 

land. 
Guelders, ghel'derz, syn. Gelders 
Gueret, gaYa'. 
Guernsey, ghern'ze. 
Guiana, ghe-a'na, or Guyana. 
Guienne, ghe'enn'. 
Guilford, ghil'furd. 
Guinea, ghin'e. 
Guingamp, gajy'gaN'. 
Guipuzcoa, ghe-poosTco-a (Sp. pron. gho 

pooth'ko-a). 
Guisborough, ghiz'bur-reh. 
Gujerat. See Guzerat. 
Guldscha. See Gooldsha. 
Gumbinnen, goom-bin'nen. 
Gund-wa'na. 

Guntz'burg or giints'booBG. 
GurVal'. 

Giistrow, giis'trov. 
Guyana, ghe-a'na, syn. Guiana. 
Guyandott, ghi-an-dot', famiharly callod 



Fite, fir, fail, ftt ; ml, m6t ; ub, not ; a, e, \, 9, obscure ; a, e, i, 6, 1i, long ; g, e, I, 5, ft, short ; 00 as in moon ; 65 as in good 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY 



lOi 



HED 


HUA 


ISM 


Guz er-af ; written, also, Gujerat 


Heilbronn. hfle-bronn'. 


Hud'ders-fiekL 


Gmn-etf. 


Hel-e'na (St.). 


Hud'son. 


Gyula, dyoola, syn. Karlsburg. 


Hel'go-land or Hell-go-land. 


Huelva, wel'va. 




Helles-pont. 

Helmstedt, helm'stStt (incorrectly writ- 


Huesca, wesTiiL 




Hulst. 


H. 


ten Helmstadt). 


Hummer. 


Hel^mund' ; written, also, Helmend. 


Humphreys, um'frez. 


Haarlem, Haerlem, or Harlem, harlem. 


Hel'sing-fors\ 
Hel-vellyn. 


Hungary, hung'ga-re (Hun. Magyar On 
zag, mod-yon OR-sa&g). 


Haarlemmer Meer, harlem-mer mair. 


Helvoetsluys. hel'v56t-slois\ 


Hun'ter-don. 


Habana. See Havana. 


Hempstead, hemp'sted. 


Hunfing-don. 


Hab'er-sham. 


Hen'der-son. 


Hunt-ing-ton. 


Had'ding-ton. 


Hend'ricks. 


Hunts'vule. 


Hadjar, ha'jar, syn. Hajar. 


Hen-ri'co. 


HurdVar'. 


Hadleigh, hadle. 


Herat, her-af. 


Hu'rpn. 


Had-ra-maut'. 


Herault, haYo 7 or a^ro'. 


Huy, hoi 


Hae'mus, syn. Balkan. 


Her-cu-la'ne-um. 


Hyapura. See Japura. 


Haerlem. See Haarlem. 
HaflF, haff. 


Her'e-ford. 
Her'ki-mer. 


Hyderabad, hi'der-a-bad' or Hydrab** 

Hy'dra. 

Hythe, hifh. 


Hagerstown, ha'gars-town. 


Hermanstadt, heVman-stitt 


Hague, baig (Fr. La Haye, la ha, almost 
l£ a). 


Her'mus or Sarabat, sa-ra-bat'. 
Herrnhut, heRnTioot 




Hagueneau, ag^o'. 


Hersfeld, heRs'felt. 




Hajar or Hadjar, ha'jar, syn. Lahsa. 


Hertford (in England), har'furd. 


I. 


Hainan, hi-nan'. 


Hertford (in the U. S.), hertf furd. 




Hainault, a'no' (Flem. Henegouwen, hen- 


Hesse Cas'sel (Ger. Hessen Cassel, hes'- 


Iaroslav, yar-o-slav', syn. Yaroslaf. 


e-HOw'wen). 


sen kas'sel). 


Ibarra, e-bar'ra. 


Haiti, ha'te, syn. Hayti. 


Hesse Darmstadt, hess daRm'statt (Ger. 


Iberville, i'ber-vil. 


Halberstadt, hal'ber-statt 


Hessen Darmstadt, hes'sen daRm'- 


Iceland (called Island by the native* 


Haleb, ha'leb, syn. Aleppo 


statt). 


Icolmkill, ik'om-kill', syn. Iona. 


Hall-fax. 


Hesse HomTjurg (Ger. Hessen Homburg, 


Id'ri-a. 


Hall, hall. 


hes'sen hom'booRG). 


Iekatarinburg. ^ee Ekatarinburg. 


Halle, haMeh. 


Heytesbury, haits'ber-e. 


Iglau, iglou ; written, also, Iglaw 


Hallowell, hol'o-wel. 


Hick'man. 


Igualada, e-gwa-la'Da, 


Hamadan, ha-ma-dan'. 


Hierro, yer'ro, syn. Ferro. 


Ihna, ee'na. 


Hamburg o (Ger. pron. ham'booRG). 


Highlands, hilandz (commonly pro- 


Il'ches-ter ; written, also, Ivelcheata 1 


Hameln, ha'meln. 


nounced hee'landz by the Scotch). 


lie de France, eel deh frlNce. 


Ham'il-ton. 


High'tower, syn. Etowah. 


Ilfracombe, il'fra-koom. 


Hamm, hamm. 


Hildburghausen, hilt-booRG-how'zen. 


Ilha Grande, eel'ya gran'di. 


Ham'mer-smith. 


Hildesheim, hil'des-hime. 


Ili, elee, syn. Gooldsha. 


Hamp'den. 


Hil'lah ; written, also, Heliah. 


Ille, eel. 


Hampshire (i. e., the county of Hants), 


Hillsborough, hilz'bur-reh. 


Tllimani, eel-ya-ma'ne. 


syn. Southampton. 


Himalaya, him-a-li'a, or Himmaleh, hirn- 


Illinois, il-lin-oi'. 


Hanau, ha'now. 


mala. 


n-lyrl-a. 


Han'cock. 


Hin'doo Koosh ; written, also, Hindu 


Hz, ilts. 


Hang-tcheoo or Hang-tcheou, hang'- 


Kusch or Kush. 


Imola, e-mola. 


cheoo'. 


Hin-do-stan' or In-do-stan' ; written, also, 


In'di-a. 


Han'o-ver (Ger. Han-no'ver). 


Hindustan, Hindoostan, and Indus- 


In'di-an'a or in-de-ah'na. 


Hanse. 


than. 


In-dl-an-ap'o-lis. 


Han-se-at'ic. 


Hinds, hindz. 


Ind-oor' or In-dore'. 


Hants. See Hampshire. 


His-pan-i-ola, syn. Hayti. 


In-dos-tan', syn. Hindostan. 


Haousa or Haoussah, how'sa, syn. Hous- 


H'las'sa, syn. Lassa. 


Indre, aNdr. 


sa. 


Ho-ang'hc, pronounced, almost, whang'- 


In'dus or Sindh, sind. 


Har'di-man. 


ho'. 


Ingham, ing'um. 


Hard'in. 


Hobart Town, usually pronounced hob'- 


Ingolstadt, ing'gol-statt\ 


Hard'wick. 


er-tun. 


Innspruck, inns'prdok, or Innsbnufei 


Har'dy. 


Ho'bo-ken. 


In-ver-a'ry. 


Harfleur, haa-flua'. 


Hochheim, holilme, or hoKeTiime. 


Inverkeithing, in-ver-kee'fhing. 


Har'fgrd. 


Hock'ing. 


Inverlochy, in-ver-loK'e. 


Harlan. 


Hof. 


In-ver-ness'. 


Har'ling-en. 


Hohenlinden, ho'en-lind'en. 


In-ver-u'ry. 


Har'ris-burg. 


Hohenzollern, ho'en-tsoliern. 


Iona, e-o'na, or Icolmkill, ik v om-MIl' 


Har'ri-spn 


Hol'beach. 


Ionia, f-o'ne-a. 


Har'row-gate. 


Holland (Dutch pron. hollant). 


I-o'ni-an. 


Hart'ford. 


Holmes, homz. 


I-os'co. 


HarVard. 


Holstein, hol'stine. 


I'o-wa, 


Harwich, har'ridge. 


Hol'ston. 


Ips'wich. 


Hasselt, has'selt. 


Holt. 


Irak Adjemi, e^rak' Ij'eh-mee . 


Hastings, haist'ings. 


Holyhead, hol'e-hed. 


Irak Arabi, eYik' ar'a-bee\ 


Hat/ter-as. 


Holywell, hol'e-wel 


Iredell, ire'deL 


Haussa, how'sa, syn. Houssa. 


HomTmrg (Ger. pron. hom'booRG). 
Horns, horns, or Hums, syn. Emesa. 


Ireland or E'rin. 


Ha-van'a or Havanna (Sp. Habara or 


Ir-kootsk' ; written, also, Irkutsk and 


Havana, a-va'na). 


Hon'da (Sp. pron. 6n'da). 


koutsk. 


Havel, ha'vel. 


Honduras, hon-doo'ras. 


Iroquois, ir-o-quoy'. 


Hav'er-ford West'. 


Honfleur, onHur'. 


IrYa-wad'dy ; written, also, IrrawadL 


Haverhill (England), hav'er-il. 


Honiton, hun'e-tun. 


Ir-tysh' or Irtish (Rus. pron. eea-tlab^ 


Haverhill (Mass.) ha'ver-iL 


Honolulu, ho-no-looloo. 


Irvine, ir'vin. 


Havre de Grace, hav'er de grass (Fr. 


Hoogly. 


Ir'well. 


pron. a'vr-deh grass^. 


Hoorn, horn. 


Ir'win. 


Hawaii, ha-wi'ee ; also written Owhyhee. 


Hop'kins. 


Ischia, isTce-a. 


Haw'kins. 


Horsham, hors'um. 


Iseo, e-sa'o. 


Hayti or Haiti, ha'te (Fr. pron. aVte'). 


Hor'ta. 


Iser or Isar, ee'zer. 


Hay'wood. 


Hot'ten-tots. 


Isere, e'zain'. 


Hazebrouck, az'brook' 


Housatonic, hoo'sa-ton'ik. 


Iserlohn, ee'zer-lone' 


Heard, herd. 


Houssa, how'sa; written, also, Haussa 


I'sis. 


Hebrides, heb'rid-ez 


and Haousa, or Haoussah. 


Is-ken-der-roon', syn. Alexandretta. 


He'brus, syn. Marizza. 


Houston, hews'tun. 


Islamabad, is-lam-a-bad'. 


Hechingen, heK'ing-en. 


How'ard. 


Isla, Ila, or Islay, Hi. 


Secla. 


Huaheine or Huahine, hoo-a-hee'ni. 


Isle of Wight, He ov wite 7 . 


Hedjaz. hej-az' ; also written Hedsjaz. 


Huasacualco, hwa-sa-qual'ko, syn. Guaz- 


Isling-tgn. 


aeidelberg, hi'del-b^RG. 


acualco. 


Ismail, is-mi-eel'. 



ou as in our (or ow as in now) ; n similar to ng ; a like z ; gh like g hard ; fb. as in this. (See Explanations, p. 92L) 



•02 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



KAL 
Ispahan, is-pa-han', or Isfahan, 
lasoire, is'swaii'. 
Issoudun, is^sooMuN'. 
Is'tri-a. 

If a-ly (It. Italia, e-tale-a). 
Italian, it-al'yun or e-tal'yun. 
Itapicuru, e-ta-pe-koo-roo'. 
It-a-wam'ba. 
Ith'a-ca, syn. Theaki. 
Ivica, Iviza, or Ibiza, e-vee'sa. 
Ivrea, e-vra'a, 
Iz'ard. 



J. 



Jaca, Hata. 

Jack'son-ville. 

Jacquemel or Jacmel, zhakYnel'. 

Jaen, Ha-en'. 

Jaffa or yaf'f a. 

Jafna-pa-tam'. 

Jago, St.' See Santiago. 

Jagua, Ha'gwa, syn. Xagua. 

Jaik or Yaik, ya'ik. 

Jalapa, Ha-la'pi, syn. Xalapa. 

Jalisco or Xalisco, Ha-leesTso or Ha-lis'- 

ko. 
Jamaica, ja-maTca. 
Janina, yane-na, syn. Yanina. 
Jap-an' (called Niph'on by the Japanese). 
Japura, Ha-poo'ra ; sometimes written 

Hyapura and Yupura. 
Jaquemel, zhakYnel', syn. Jacquemel. 
Jaroslaw, ya'ro-slav. 
Jassy, yas'se (Ger. Jasch, yash). 
Jaszbereny, yaassba-rain'. 
Jauer, yow'ei: 
Java, ja'va or jah'va. 
Jean d'Angely, Saint, sin zhaN daN'zha'- 

le / . 
Jedburg, jed'bur-reh. 
Jeddo, yed'do, syii. Yeddo. 
Jehoon. See Oxus. 
Jen'a (Ger. pron. ya'na). 
Jeres, Ha'res, syn. Xeres. 
Jersey, jer'ze. 
Je-ru'sa-lem (called El Kads or El Rods 

by the Arabs). 
Jesi, ya'se. 
Jes'samlne. 

Jesso or Iesso, yes'so, syn. Yesso. 
Jey'poor or Jyepoor, ji-poor'. 
Jid'da or Djidda. 
Jihon or Jehoon. See Oxus. 
Jijona, He-Ho'na, syn. Xixona. 
Joannina. See Janina. 
Jo Daviess, jo da'vis. 
Jo-han'na, syn. Anzooan. 
Joll-ba or Djoliba. 
Jonkjoping or Jonkoping, yon'cho-ping, 

almost yon'chep-ing. 
Jood'poor or Mar'war\ 
Jor'dan. 

Jorulio or Xorullo, Ho-rool'yo ; often pro- 
nounced Ho-roo'yo. 
Ju'an Fer-nan'dez (Sp. pron. Hoo-an' fes- 

nan'deth). 
Ju'an, Saint (Sp. San Juan, san Hoo-an' 

or san Hwan). 
Jug'ger-naut' or Juggernaut^. 
Jujuy, Hoo-Hwee'. 

Juhers, zhiTle-a' (Ger. Julich, yooliK). 
Jum'na. 

Jungfrau, yoong'frow. 
JuYiI-at'a. 

Ju'ra (Fr. pron. zhiiYa'). 
Jutland (Dan. Jiilland, yiil'land). 



K. 

Kaarta, kaar'ta, 

Kaffa, kaf 'fa, or Feodosia, fa-o-do'se-a. 

Kahira, ka'he-ra, syn. Cairo. 

Kairwan, kare-wan'. 

Kaisarieh, kl-zar-ee'eh. 

Kal'a-ma-zoo'. 

Kalisz or Kalisch, ka'Ush. 



KIR 
Kal'mar, syn. Calmar. 
Kal-oo'ga ; written, also, Kaluga and 

Kalouga. 
Kama, kl'ma. 
Kamieniec, kamyen'yets\ sometimes 

written Kaminietz. 
Kamt-chat'ka or Kamtschatka. 
Kanawha, kan-au'wa. 
Kan'da-har', syn. Candahar. 
Kan'zas or Kon'zas. 
Kara, ka'ri, 

Kara-hissar, k&Ya'-his-sar'. 
Karamania. See Caramania. 
Kara-Soo, Kara-Su, or Karasou, ka'ra- 

soo'. 
KarlsTjurg (Ger. pron. kaalz'bSoRG). 
Kasan or Kazan, ka-zar/. 
jKaschau, kash'ou (Hun. Ka3sa, kosh- 

shoh). 
Kash-gar' or Cashgar. 
Kas-kas'kl-a. 
Ka-tah'din. 
Kat-man'doo or Katmandhu, syn. Cat- 

mandoo. 
Katrine, ka'trin. 
Kat'te-gat, syn. Cattegat. 
Keczkemet, kech'kem v aitf. 
Kee'o, syn. Miaco. 
Kehl, kale. 
Keighly, keethle. 
Keith, keeth. 
Kelat, kel-atf, or Kelath. 
Kel'so. 
Kemp'ten. 
Kenawha or Kenhawa, ken-au'wa, syn. 

Kanawha. 
Ken'dal or KprTby Ken'dal. 
Ken'dall. 

Keneh or Qen6, ken'eh\ 
KenYie-beck'. 
KenYe-bunk'. 
Kens'ing-ton. 
Ken'ton. 
Ken-tuck'y. 

Kerman, ker-man', syn. Kirman. 
Keroon or Keroun. See Birket-el-Ke- 

roon. 
Ker'ry. 
Ker-shaw'. 
Keswick, kez'ik. 
Keszthely, kest'hei/. 
Ketch'o, sometimes written Cachao and 

Kesho. 
Ketskemet. See Keczkemet 
Kharkof, Kar-kof ' ; written, also, Char- 

kow, Kharkow, and Kharkov. 
Khartoom, Khartum, or Khartoum, Kar- 

toom'. 
Kherson or Cherson, Ker-sone' 
Khiva or Kheeva, Kee'va. 
Khoi, Koy. 
Khojend, Ko-jend'. 
Khokand, xo-kand', or Khokan. 
Khoozistan or Khuzistan, Koo-zis-tan'. 
Khorassan, KoYas-san'. 
Kiakhta, ke-aic'ta. 
Kiang-Ku, ke-ang'-kew', syn. Yang-tse- 

kiang. 
Kick-a-poo'. 
Kid-der-min'ster. 
Kief or Kiew, ke-ef ' or Ki-ev' 
Kiel, keel. 
Kil-dare'. 
Kilia, keele-l. 
Kil-ken'ny. 
Killarney, kil-lar'ne. 
Kil-mar'nock. 
Kil-more'. 

Kincardine, king-karMin. 
Kingkitao, king-ke-ta'o. 
Kings'ton. 
Kin-ross'. 
Kin-sale'. 
Kin-tore'. 

Kin-tyre', syn. Cantyre. 
Ki'o-way. 

Kiousiou or Kioosioo, ke-oo'se-oo'. 
Kircaldy, kjr-kaul'de or k;r-kau'de. 
Kirkudbright, kjr-koo'bre. 
Kirk-wall'. 
Kirman, keer-man', or Kerman 



LAF 

Kirmanshdh or Kirmanshaw, keer-man 

shaw'. 
Kirriemuir, ker-re-mure / . 
Kishm or Kish'ma. 
Kis-ki-min'e-tas. 
Kist'na, syn. Krishna. 
Kit-ta-tin'ny. 

Kiusiu, ke-oo'se-oo', syn. Kioosioo. 
Kiutaja. See Kutaiyeh. 
Kiz'il Ir'mak (Turk. pron. kiz eel' 66r' 

mak'). 
Klagenfurth, kla'gen-fooRf, syn. Clagen- 

furth. 
Klamet, klah'met, syn. Tlamath. 
Klattau, klat'tou. 
Klau'sen-burg (Ger. pron. klou'zeu- 

booRG ; Hun. Kolozsvar ko lozh- 

vlaR). 
Knisteneaux, nis'te-no. 
Knox, nox. 

Ko-a-ho'ma, syn. Coahoma. 
Koenigingraetz. See Konigingratz. 
Koenigsberg. See Konigsberg. 
Kolin, ko-leen'. 
Kolozsvar. See Klausenburg. 
Kolyvan, ko-le-van', 6yn. Revel. 
Ko'morn, syn. Comorn. 
Kongsberg, kongs'beKg. 
Konieh or Konia, ko'ne-a. 
Konigingratz, ken'ig-in-grets\ or Konlg 

gratz, ken'ig-grets. 
Konigsberg or Koenigsberg, ken'igz-berg 

(Ger. pron. ko'niGs-beRG). 
Kon'zas, syn. Kanzas. 
Kooban, Kouban, or Kuban, koo-ban'. 
Koondooz, Koundouz, or Kunduz, koon- 

dooz'. 
Koor, Kour, or Kur, koor. 
Koordistan, Kurdistan, or Curdistao, 

koor-dis-tan'. 
Koorile, Kourile, or Kurile, kco'ril. 
Koorland, Kurland, or Courland. 
Koorsk, Koursk, or Kursk, koorsk. 
Korassan, koVis-san', syn. Khorassan. 
Koros, ko'rosh', almost kerYesh'. 
Kosciusko, kos-se-us'ko. 
Koslin, kos-leen', syn. Coeslin 
Kos-tro'ma. 
Kouban. See Kooban. 
Koursk. See Koorsk. 
Koutaieh. See Kutaiyeh. 
Kowno, kov'no. 
Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoiarsk, or Rrasno- 

jarsk, kras'no-yarsk'. 
Krem'nitz (Hun. Kormecz Banya, kflr- 

mets baan-yoh). 
Kreuznach, kroits'n§,K. 
Krim, syn. Taurida. 
Krish'na or Kist'na. 
Kriihnen, krii'nen, syn. Cronstadt 
Kuldsha, koold'sha, syn. Gooldsha. 
Rumania, ku-ma'ne-a, syn. Cumania 
Kur. -See Koor. 
Kurdistan. See Koordistan. 
Kurile. See Koorile. 
Kurische or Curische HaiF, koo'rish-eh 

haff. 

Kurland. See Koorland. 
Kursk. See Koorsk. 
Kutaiyeh, Kootaiah, Koutaieh, or Kutaja, 
koo-fi'a. 



Laaland, lauland, or Lolland. 

La Baca, pronounced, and often written, 

La Vac'ca. 
La Battaglia, la bat-tal'y5, syn. BattagUa. 
LabYa-dor'. 
Lac'ca-dlves\ 
Lack-a-win'na. 
Lack-a-wax'en. 
La Coruiia. See Corunna. 
Ladakh, la'dax'. 
Ladikia. See Latakia. 
Lad-o'ga. 

Lad-rones' (Sp. pron. laD-ro'nes). 
La Fere. See Fere. 
La Fayette, laf-a-yetf . 



Fate, fir, fall, fat; me, met ; nb, nftt ; a, e, i, 9, obscure ; a, e, i, 6, u, long; 6, e, 1, 6, ii, thort; 00 as in moon ; 66 as in good 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



103 



LEH 


LIS 


LUC 


La Fourche, lah foorsh'. 


Lehigh, leeTii. 


Lisle, leel, syn. Lille. 


La Grange, lah granj'. 

Lago di Como, la'go de ko'mo. 


Leicester, les'ter. 


Lia-more'. 


Leicestershire, les'ter-shjr. 


Lis'sa (Pol. Leszno, lesh'no;. 


Lago Maggiore, la'go mad-jo'ra. 


Leiden, H'den, syn. Leyden. 


Litch'field. 


La Guayra, la gwi'ra. 


Leigh, lee. 


Lith-u-a'ni-a. 


Laguna, la-goo'na. 


Leine, li'neh. 


Litiz (Pa.), ht'its. 


Laguna del Madre, la-goo'na del maD'ra. 


Leiningen, h'ning-en. 


Livadia or Libadia, hv-4-Dee'a. 


La Haye. See Hague. 


Leinster, lin'ster or leen'ster. 


Liv'er-pool. 


Lahn, lain. 


Leipsic, Hpe'sik (Ger. Leipzig, lipe'tsiG). 


Liv'ings-ton. 


Lahore, la-hore'. 


Leiria or Leyria, la-ree'a. 


Li-vo'ni-a (Ger. Liefland, leeflant* 


Lahsa or Lachsa, lan'si, syn. Hajar. 


Leith leeth. 


Livorno, le-voa'no, syn. Leghorn. 


Laibach, ll'baK, syn. Laybach. 


Leitmeritz, lite'mer-its, or Leutmeritz, 


Ljusfle, lyoos'na. 


Laland. See Laaland. 


loit'mer-its. 


Llandaflf or Lan-daff'. 


La Mancha, la mantch'L 


Leitrim, lee'trim. 


Llanelly, lan-ethle. 


Lam-ar'. 


Le Mans, leh mix. 


Llangollen, lan-gothlen. 


La Marche, la marsh. 


Lem'berg (Ger. pron. lem'beRG ; PoL 


Llanidloes, lan'id-less. 


Lambayeque, lam-bi-a'ka. 
Lamego, la-ma'go. 


Lwow, lwofy. 
Lem'nos, Stal-im'e-ne, or Lim'nee. 


Llanos, lyi'noce. 


Llanrwst, lan'roost 


La-moik'. 


Le'na (Rus. pron. la-na'). 


Llerena, lya-ra'ni. 


Lanai, la'ni, or Ranai, ra'ni. 


Len'a-pe. .See Lenni-Lennappe. 


Loango, lo-ang'go. 


Lan'ark or Lanerk. 


Len'a-wee. 


Lobos, lo'boce. 


Lan'ark-shire or Lanarkshire, syn. 


Lenni-Lennapp§, len'ne-len'na'pa, usu- 


Lochaber, lox-a'ber. 


Clydesdale. 


ally called Len'a-pe. 


Loch Katrine. See Katrine. 


Lancashire, lank'a-shir. 


Lenoir, le-nore'. 


Loch Lomond. See Lomond. 


Lanc'as-ter. 


Lentini, len-tee'ne. 


Loch Ness, Iok ness'. 


Lan-cer-o'ta or Lanzarote (Sp. pron. 


Leogane, la-o-gin'. 


Loches, losh. 


lin-tha-rd'ti). 


Leominster, lem'in-ster. 


Lochy, lftic'e. 


Lanciano, lin-che-a'no or lan-cha'no. 


Le'on (Sp. pron. la-one 7 ). 


Lock'port. 


Lan-daff', more properly Llandafi'. 


Le-pan'to. 


Lodeve. lo'dave'. 


Landau, lan'dow ; written, also, Landaw. 


Le Puy, leh pwee. See Puy. 


Lodi (Italy), lo'de. 
Lodi (U. S.), lo'di. 


Landes, laxd. 


Lerida, leVe-da. 


Landry, lan'dre. 


Lerwick, leVrik. 


Lof-fo'den or Lp-fo'den. 


LandsTjerg (Ger. pron. lantsheRG). 


Les Andelys, li zax' x dle'. See Andelys. 


Lo'gan. 


Landscrona, lands'kroo-na. 


Les Gonaives, la go"nive'. See Gonaives. 


Logrono, lo-grone'yo. 


Land's-End'. 


Les Martigues, la maateeg'. 


Loir, lwaa. 


Landshut, landsTioot (Ger ««— ~ lants'- 


Lesina, les'e-ni. 


Loire, lwaR. 


hoot). 


Leskeard. See Liskeard. 


Loiret, lwi'ri'. 


Langeac, laN'zhak'. 


LestwithieL See Lostwithiel. 


Loja or Loxa, lo'Ha. 


Langeland, lang'e-land, or LanglancL 


Leucadia, lu-ka'de-a, syn. Santa Maura. 


Lokeren, lo'ker-en. 


Langensalza, lang'en-salts'a. 


Leuchtenberg, loiK'ten-b§RG\ 


Lolland, syn. Laaland. 


Langholm, lan'gum. 


Leutmeritz, loit'mer-its, syn. Leitmeritz. 


Lom'bar-dy (It. Lombardia, lom-bqjB- 


Langres, laxer. 
Languedoc, l&Ng'gheh-dok'. 


Leutschau, loir'shou (Hun. Locse, 16-cha). 


dee'l). 


Le-vant'. 


Lomond, Loch, Iok lo'mund. 


Lanzarote. See Lancerota. 


Lewes, lu'is 


London, lun'dun or lun'd'n. 


La-od-i-ce'a. See Latakia. 


Lewis, lu'is. 


Londonderry, lun'dun-der're. 


Laon, lib.. ' 


Lewisham, lu'ish-um. 


Long'fQrd. 


Laos, la'oce. 


Lewiston. lu'is-tun. 


Lons-le-Saulnie.r, lAN-leh-so"ne-a'. 


La Paz. See Paz. 


Lex'ing-tpn. 


Loo Choo (cA as in child) ; written, also. 


Lap-eer / . 


Leyden or Leiden, li'den. 


Lieou Khieou. 


Lapland. 


Leyria. See Leiria. 


Look"noo x ee', syn. Saigon. 


La Plata, la pla'ta. See Plata- 


Liampo, le-am'po\ syn. Ning-Po. 


Lo-rain'. 


La Port, lap-orf . 


Libadia, liv-a-Dee'a, syn. Livadia 


Lorca, loR'ka. 


La Puebla or La Puebla de los Angeles, 


Li-be'ri-a. 


Lo-ret'to (It. and Sp. Loreto, lo-rato* 


la pwSbla dk loce ang'Hel-es. 


Libourne, le'booan'. 


Lorient or L'Orient, loYe'&N- 7 . 


Laredo, 13,-ra'do. 


Lich'field. 


LorYaine'. 


Lar-is'sa. 


Lichtenau, liic'teh-now . 


Los Angeles. See La Puebla de los An- 


Laristan, lar-is-tan' 


Lichtenfels, lix'ten-fels. 


geles. [Often incorrectly written Lot 


Lar'ni-ca. 


Lichtenstein, lix'ten-stlne", or Liechten- 


Angelos.] 
Lostwithiel, lost-wifh'el, or Lestwithiel 


La Sailed lah sail'. 


stein, leeK'ten-stine\ 


Las Palmas, las pal'mas, syn. Palrnas. 


Liege, leej (Fr. pron. le'aizh' ; Dutch 


Lot (t pronounced). 


Las'sa or H'lassa, h'las'sa. 


Luyk or Luik, loik ; Ger. Liittich, lilf- 


Lo'fhi-an. 


Latakia, la'ta-kee'a, or Ladiltia, ll'de- 


tiK). 


Lou'dpn. 


kee'a. 


Liegnitz, leeg'nits. 


Loughborough, luffbur-reh. 
Lough Erne, Ioh ern. 


Latta-koo'. 


Lieou Khieou. See Loo Choo. 


Lauban, louTjan. 


Lier, leer (Fr. Lierre, le-aia'). 


Lough Neagh, Ioh ni. 
Loughrea, loH^ri'. 


Lauenburg, lou'en-burg or lou'en-booEG\ 


Lille or Lisle, leel. 


Lau'der-dale. 


Lima (Peru), lee'ma. 


Louis. St., sent loo'ia or loo'e (Fr. pron 


Launceston, lans'tun. 


Lima (U. S.), li'ma. 


sIn loo'e'). 


Lau'rens. 


Lim'burg (Fr. Limbourg, laM v booR r ). 


Louisa, loo-ee'za. 


Lausanne, lo'zann'. 


Lim'er-ick. 


Louisiade, loo-ee-ze-id'. 


Lauterbrunnen, lou'ter-broon'nen, or 


Lim'mat. 


Louisiana, loo'e-ze-ah'na. 


Lauterbrunn, lou'ter-brunn\ 


Limoges, le"mozh'. 


Louisville, loo'is-vil. 


Lav-ac'ca, syn. La Baca. 


Limousin, le'moo'slN', or Limosin. 


Louknoui, look^noo'ee', syn. Saigon 


Laval, la'vaT. 


Limoux, le"moo'. 


Louth (rhyming with the verb to moutA) 


Lavoro, la-vo'ro. 


Linares, le-na'r?3. 


Louvain, loo-vane' (Fr. pron. looVaN'). 


Law'rence. 


Lincoln, link'un. 


Louviers, looVe-a' (formerly Loviera. 


Laybach or Laibach, li'baK (Blyr. Lubla- 


Lincolnshire, link'un-shir 


loVe-aO. 


na, loo-bla'na). 


Ling'en. 


Low'ell. 


Leake, leek. 


Linkoping or Linkjoping, lin'cho-ping. 


Lownds, lounz. 


Leamington, lem'ing-tun. 


Lin-lith'gow. 


Lowositz, lo'vo-sits. 


Leb'a-npn. 


Lintz or Linz, linte. 


Loxa, lo'Hi, syn. Loja 


Lecce, letfcha. 


Lipari, lip'a-re or lee'pa-re. 


Lozere, lo'zaia'. 


Lech, leK. 


Lippe, lip'peh. 


LUTjeck. 


Lectoure, lektooR'. 


Lippe-Detmold, -det'molt. 


Lublin, loo'blin. 


Leeds. 


Lippe-Schauenburg, -ehou'en-booRG or 


Lu'cas. 


Leeuwarden, la-waa'den. 


shou'en-burg. 


Lucayos, loo-ki'oce, syn. Bahamat 


Leg-horn' or leghorn' (It Livorno, le- 


Liria, lee're-a. 


Luc'ca (It. pron. look'ka) 


voK'no). 


Lis'bpn (Port Lis-bo'a or lees-bo'a). 


Lu-ce'na or loo-tha'nL 


Legnano, len ya'no. 
Leh or Lei, la. 


LisTjurn. 


Lucera, loo-cha'ri. 


Lisieux, le x ze-uh'. 


Lu-cerne' (Fr. pron. lii'sSRn' ; Ger. Ln- 


Le Havre. Ses Havre. 


Liskeard, lis-kard' or Leskeard. 


zern or Lucern, loot-seRn'). 



ou as in our (or ow as in now) ; n similar to ng ; s like i ; gh like g hard ; fh as in this. (See Explanations, p. 



104 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY 



MAG 
Lucerne, Lake of (Ger. Waldstadter See 
or Vierwaldstadter See, feer-walt'stet- 
ter za'). 
Lucia (St.), lu'she-a. 
Luck"now'. 
Lucon. See Luzon. 
Lu'da-mar'. 
Ludlow. 
Ludwigsburg, lood'wigs-burg or lood'- 

wiGs-b66K&\ 
Ludwigslust, lood'wiGS-166st\ 
Lugano, loo-ga'no. 
Lugo, loo'go. 
Lump'kin. 
Lund, loond. 

Liineburg, lu'neh-burg or lii'neh-booRG'. 
Lunel, lifnel'. 
Lu'nen-burg. 

Luneville, lu'ne-vil or lu'naVill'. 
Lupata, lu-pa'ta. 
Lusatia, lu-sa'she-a (Ger. Lausitz, lou' 

zits ; Fr. Lusace, liTzass'). 
Liitzen, liit'sen. 
Lux'em-burg (Fr. Luxembourg, liixlbf 

booR'). 
Luxeuil, 1ux\ji/. 
Luzern. See Lucerne. 
Luzerne (U. S.), lu-zern'. 
Luzon, loo-zone' or Lucon (Sp. pron, 

loothone'). 
Lycoming, H-kom'ing. 
Lyme-Regis, lime-ree'jis. 
LymYi-ord' or liimYe-ord'. 
Lym'ing-ton. 
Lynch'burg. 
Lynn-Regis, lin-ree'jis. 
Lyonnais or Lyonais, le'on'na'. 



Ly'ons (Fr. Lyon, le'iN') 
Lys (Fr. pron. almost leece ; Dutch pron, 
lice). 



M. 



Maas, maas, syn. Meuse. 

Maasluys, maa'slois, or Maasriandsluys, 

maas'lint-slois. 
Maastricht, maas'trixt or mas'trixt, syn. 

Maestricht. 
Macao, ma-ka'o or ma-kow'. 
Ma-cas'sar. 
Mac'cles-field. 
MacCrack'en. 
MacDonough, -dun'uh. 
MacDow'ell. 
Macedon, mas'se-dun. 
Macedonia, mas-se-do'ne-a. 
Macerata, ma-cha-ra'ta. 
Machias, match-I'us. 
Mack'i-naw ; formerly written Michili- 

mackinac, mishil-e-mak'in-au. 
Mac'In-tosh. 
Mac-ken'zie. 
MacLean, mak-lane'. 
Macomb, ma-koom'. 
M&con (France), max6N', 
Macon (U. S.), ma'kun. 
Macoupin, ma-koo'pin. 
Macquarrie, mak-kwor're. 
Mad-a-gas'car. 
Mad-a-waVka. 
Maddaloni, mad-da-lo'ne. 
Madeira, ma-dee'ra (Port. pron. ma-da'- 

e-ra). ' 
Mad-ras'. 
Mad-rid' (Sp. pron. ma-Dreer/, almost 

mafh-reefh). 
Mad'rid (in the U. S.). 
Madura, ma-doo'ra. 
Mae-an'der, syn. Meinder. 
.Mselaren, ma'lar-en. 

-Maelstrom, male'strum. [This is fre- 
quently pronounced mal'strum, which 

accords with the Dutch sound of ae ; 

a or ae, in Swedish and Norwegian, 

sounds like a.] 
Maese.. See Meuse. 
Maestricht or Maastricht, mas'trixt. 
Mag-a-dox'a or Magadoxo (Port. pron. 

ma-ga-do'sho). 



MAR 

Mag-da-le'na (Sp. pron. mag-da-la'na). 
Mag'de-burg (Ger. pronT maG'deh 

booKG"). 
Magellan, ma-jellan (Sp. pron. ma-H&- 

yan'). 
Mageroe, mag'er-6 or ma'gher-6'eh. 
Maggiore, mad-jo'ra. 
Magindinao, ma-Hin-de-na'o, syn. Mindi- 

nao. 
Magnesia, mag-nee'she-a, syn. Manissa. 
Mahanuddy, mah-han-nud'de. 
Mahon, ma-hone' or ma-one'. 
Mah-rat'ta. 
Maid'stone. 
Main or Mayn, mine. 
Maine, mane. 
Mainland. 

Maj-or'ca (Sp. Mallorca, mal-yoR'ka). 
MaPa-bar'. 
Ma-lac'ca. 
Mal-a-det'ta. 
Mal'a-ga or ma'la-ga. 
Malaisia, mal-a'she-a. 
Malaren or Maelaren, malar-en. 
Malay, ma-la'. 
Maiden, maul'dun. 
Maldives, mal'divz. 
Ma-lem'ba. 

Malines, ma'leen', syn. Mechlin. 
Mallow. 

Mal'mo or mal'mo. 
Malmohus, mal'mo-hooce. 
Malo (St.), malo' 
Malplaquet, malpla'ka'. 
Malstrom. See Maelstrom. 
I Malta, maul'ta. 
Malton, maul'tun. 
Malvern, maul'vern. 
Malwah, maul'wi. 
Manaar, man-ar'. 
Mancha, La. la man'cha. 
Manche, maNsh. 
Man'ches-ter. 

Manchooria. See Mantchooria. 
Man'dans. 
Man'da-vee\ 
Mandingo, man-ding'go. 
Man-fre-do'ni-a or man-fra-do'ne-3L 
Mangalore, mang'ga-lore'. 
Manheim or Mannheim, mlnn'lifcne. 
Man-il'la (Sp. Manila, ma-nee'lS). 
Man-is'sa, syn. Magnesia. 
Manitouwoc, man'e-too-wok'. 
Manresa, man-ra'sa. 
Mans, Le, leh masr. 
Man-soo'ra or Mansourah. 
Mantchooria, Mandshooria, or Mand- 

chouria, man-choo're-a. 
Man'tu-a (It. Mantova, nian'to-va). 
Manzanares, man-tha-na're's. 
Manzanillo, pronounced man-sa-neel'yo 

by the Mexicans, and man-tha-neel'yo 

by the Spaniards. 
Maracaybo or Maracaibo, ma-ra-kfbo. 
Mar'a-mec' or Mer'ri-mack. 
Mar v an-Aam' or Maranhao (Port. pron. 

ma-ran-ya'6N). 
Maranon, ma-ran-yone', syn. Amazon. 
Maravee or Maravi, ma-ra'vi. ' 
Marbella, mar-bel'ya. 
Mar'ble-head'. 

Mar'burg (Ger. pron. maR'booRG). 
Marche, La, la maRsh. 
Mar-deen'; written, also, Mardin and 

Merdin. 
Marecchia, ma-rek'ke-a. 
Mar-en'go. 

Margarita, mar-ga-ree'ta. 
Mar'gate, almost mar'get. 
Mariana, ma-re-a'na. 
Mariel, mare-el'. 
Ma'n-en-berg (Ger. pron. ma-ree'en- 

beRG N ). 
Ma'ri-en-burg (Ger. pron. ma-ree'en- 

booRG"). 
Ma'ri-en-wer'der (Ger. pron. ma-ree'en- 

weVder). 
Marienzell, ma-ree'en-tsell', or Mariazell, 

ma-ree'a-tsell'. 
Ma-ri-et'ta. 
Marigliano, ma-reel-ya'no. 



MEJ 
Marin, ma-reen'. 
Marion, ma're-un. 
Maritza or Marizza, ml-rit'sa. 
Marlborough, marl'b'ruh. 
Mar'mp-ra or Mar'ma-ra. 
Marne, maRn. 
Ma-roc'co, syn. Morocco. 
Marosch,ma'rosh (Hun. Maros, mSr'osh') 
Maros Vasarhely, mor'osh' vaashi&R x 

heL' (Ger. Neumarkt, noi'maRkt). 
Marquesas, mar-ka'sas. 
Marquette, mar-kett'. 
Marsala, maR-sall. 
Marseilles, mar-sailz' (Fr. Marseille^ 

maR'saii.'). 
Mar'shall. 
Marta-ban'. 

Martigues, Les, la maRteeg'. 
Mar'tin. 
Martinique, martin-eek' (Sp. Martinloo 

maR-te-nee'ko). 
Mar'War\ syn. Joodpoor. 
Ma'ry-land. 
Ma'ry-port. 

Masafuera, ma-sa-fwa'ra. 
Mascarenhas, mas-ka-ren'yas. 
Mas-kat' or Mas-cate', syn. Muscat 
Mas-ke'gon or Mas-ke'go. 
Mas'sa-chu'setts. 
Masua or Massouah, mas'soo-8, ; written 

also, Massowah. 
MasuUpatam, mas-soo'le-pa-tam' 
Mat-a-mo'rps or Matamoras. 
Mat-an'zas or ma-tln'thas. 
Mat'a-pan'. 
Mataro, ma-ta-ro'. 
Mat-ar-ee'yeh ; often written Mataria ca 

Mataryeh. 
Matsmay or Matsmai, mats-mi'. 
Mathura ; sometimes written, and usual 

ly pronounced, Mut'tra. 
Matura, ma'too-ra. 
Mauch-Chunk, mauk-chunk'. 
Maui, pronounced, and sometimes writ 

ten, Mow'ee. 
Mau-mee'. 

Maurepas, mo're-pa\ 
Mauritius, mau-rish'e-us. 
Mau'ry. 

Mayence. See Mentz. 
Mayenne, ma'yenn' or mFenn'. 
Mayn, mine, syn. Main. 
May'nooth. 
Mayo (Ireland), ma'o. 
Mayo (Mexico), mi'o. 
MaysviUe, maze'vil. 
Mazanderan, ma-zan-der-an , or Mazai^ 

deroon, ma-zan-der-oon'. 
Maz-at-lan' or ma-sat-lan'. 
Mazzara, mat-sa'ra. 
Meaco, me-a'ko, syn. Miaco. 
Meade, meed. 
Mead'ville. 
Meath, meefh. 
Meaux, mo. 
Mec'ca. 
Mechlin, mekTin, or Mechelen, mex el-ea 

(Fr. Malines, maleen'). 
Mecklen-burg (Ger. pron. mecklen 

b56RG v ). 
Mecklenburg Schwerin, -shwSr-een' 
Mecklenburg Strelitz, -strel'its 
Medina (Arabia), med-ee'na. 
Medina (U. S.), me-di'na. 
Medina Sidonia, med-ee'na se-do'ne-1 
Med'it-ter-ra'ni-an. 
Med'way. 

Meenen. See Menin. 
Meg'na. 
Mehallet-el-ke-beer or -el-kebir, meh 

hallet-el-keh-beeR'. 
Me-her'rin. 
Meidam, ma'e-dam'. 
Meigs, megz. 
Meinam or Menam, m4 v e-nam' or ma 

nam'. 
Meinder, mane'der, syn. Mseander. 
Meiningen, mi'ning-en, or Meinungen 

mi'noong-en. 
Meissen, mi'cen. 
Mejerdah or Medjerdah, meh-jer'da. 



Fate, f arTfall, fat ; me, mSt ; n6, nSt ; a, e, \, 9, obscure ; a, e, I, 6, u, long ; a, e, i, 6, u, short ; 00 as in moon ; 66 as in good 



A GKOGKAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



105 



MIS 
Mek1-nez v , Mek1-nes\ or Mek'nas ; alao 

written Mequinez. 
Melazzo. See Milazzo. 
Me-lin'da. 
Melos, syn. Milo. 
Mel-rose'. 

Mel'tgn Mow'bray (mo'bre). 
Me-lun' (Fr. pron. m'luN). 
Mem'el or ma'meL 
Mem'ming-en. 
Mem'phis. 
Mem"phre-ma'gog. 
Men-ard'. 

Mendana, men-dan'ya. See Marquesas. 
Mende, maNd. 

Men-do'za (Sp. pron. men-do'tha). 
Menin, meh-naN' (Flem. Meenen, ml'- 

nen). 
Mentz, ments, or Mainz, mints (Fr. Ma- 

yence, mayaNce'). 
Menzaleh, men'za'leh. 
Mequinez. See Mekinez. 
Merdin, mer-deen', syn. Mardeen. 
Mergui or Merghi, mer-ghee' 
Mer'f-da or mer'e-da. 
Merimachi. See Miramachi. 
Mer'i-on'eth. 
Merf-wefh-er. 
Mermentau, mer"men-to'. 
Mer'o-e. 
Mer'ri-mack. 

Mer'se-burg (Ger. pron. meVseh-booBG'). 
Mersey, mer'ze. 
Merthyr Tydvil or Tydfil, mer'ther tid'- 

vil. 
Mesh'ed' or Mush'ed ; written, also, Mes- 

ched, and Meschid. 
Mesolongi. See MissolonghL 
Mea'o-po-ta'ml-a ; called El-Jez-ee'rab 

(Al-Jezira) by the Arabs. 
Messina, mes-see'na. 
Mesnrado, ines-oo-ra'do. 
Metelin, met-e-leen', or Myt-e-le'ne. 
Metz, mets (Fr. pron. mace). 
Meurthe, must 
Meuse, muze (Fr. pron. muz ; Dutch 

Maese or Maas, maas). 
Mex'i-co (Sp. pron. meh'He-ko). 
Mezieres, mez'e-aiB'. 
Miaco, me-alio, or Kee'o. 
Miami, mi-ah'me. 

Michigan, mish'e-gun or mish-e-gan'. 
Michilimackinac, mishil-e-mak'in-au, syn. 

Mackinaw. 
Michoacan, me"cho-a-kan'. 
Miconi, mik'o-nee, syn. Myconos. 
Mid'del-burg. 

Middlebury, mid'del-ber-e. 
Middlesborough, niid'dlz-b'ruh or mid'- 

dlz-bur-ruh. 
Mid'dle-sex. 
Mid'dle-ton. 
Mid'dle-town. 
Midland. 
Mif'flin. 

Mil'an (It. Milano, me-la'no). 
Milazzo, me-lat'so, or Melazzo, ma-laf so. 
Mil'ford. 
Milhau, me-16'. 
MiTledge-ville. 
Milo, me'lo, or Melos. 
Mil-waukee or Milwaukie. 
Mincio, min'cho. 
Mindanao, min-dana'o, or Magindinao, 

ma-Hin-de-na'o. 
Min'den. 
Mm-do'ro. 
Min-greli-a. 

Minhb (in Portugal), meen'yo. 
Mifio (in Spain), meen'yo. 
Min-or'ca or Men-or'ca. 
Mra=»k. 

Mi'i.machi, mlr'a-ma-shee'. 
Mix-uiidola, me-ran'do-la. 
Mirepoix, mir'eh-pwa' or meea'pwa'. 
Misl-tra or Mis'tra. 
Misk61cz, mish-kolts'. 
Mis-sis'que. 
His'sis-sip'pi. 

Missolonghi, mis-so-long'ghe. 
Missouri, mis-soo're. 



MOS 

Mittau, mit'tou. 

Mobile, mo-beel'. 

Mocha, moTca (Arab. pron. mo'Ka"). 

Mod'en-a or mod'en-a. 

Modica, mod'e-ka. 

Mog'a-dore' (called Swee'ra by the 
Moors). 

Mo-guT. 

Mohacs, mo'haatch'. 

MoTiawk. 

Mo-heelef ; written, also, Mohilew and 
Moghilev. 

Moissac, mwas'sak'. 

Moldau, mol'dow. 

Mol-da'vi-a. 

Mol-fet'ta." 

Mohse, mo-lee'sa. 

Molokai, mo-lo-ki', or Morotai. 

Mo-luc'cas. 

Mombaza, mom-ba'za. 

Mom-pox' (Sp. pron. mom-poH'). 

Monaco, mon'a-ko. 

MoDaghan, mon'a-Han. 

Monastir, pronounced, and sometimes 
written, Mon-as-teer 7 . 

Mondego, mon-da'go. 

Mondonedo, mon-don-yi'rjo. 

Mondovi, mon-do-vee'. 

Monferrato, mon-fer-ra'to. 

Mon-fa-loot' or Monfalout 

Monghir, mung-gheer'. 

Mon-go'li-a. 

Monmouth, mon'muth. 

Mo-non'ga-hela. 

Mo-non-gali-a. 

Monopoh, mo-nop'o-le. 

Monreale, mon-ra-ala. See Montreale. 

Mon-roe'. 

Mon-ro'vi-a. 

Mons, mON (Flem. Bergen, bea'Hen). 

Montagnana, mon-tan-ya'na. 

Montargis, niON'taiOzhe'. 

Montauban, mc-N'to'baN'. 

Montbrison, mON'bre'zON'. 

Montcalm, mont-kam'. 

Mont-de-Marsan, m6N-deh-maB v saN'. 

Monte-Leone, mon'ta-la-o'na. 

Montelimart, m6Ntere v maB'. 

Monterey, mon-ta-ray'. 

Mon-te-vid'e-o or mon-ta-vee'da-o. 

Montgomery, mont-gum'er-e 

Mon-ti-cello. 

Montilla, mon-teel'ya. 

Montmartre, m&N v maB-tr' 

Montmorenci, mont-mo-ren'se. 

Mont-peli-er. 

Mont-pelll-er (Fr. pron. moN-peTle-a'). 

Montreal, mont-re-aul' (Fr. Montreal, 
mONY^al'). 

Montreale, mont-ra-ala ; more properly, 
Monreale. 

Mont-rose'. 

Mont's er-r at'. 

Monza. mon'za. 

Mooltan or Moultan, mool-tan'. 

Moorad or Murad, mooYad'. 

Moore, more. 

Moorshedabad, moor'she-da-bad'. 

Moorzook, Mourzouk, or Murzuk, mocr- 
zook'. 

Morava or Morawa, mo-ra'va. 

Mo-ra'vi-a (Ger. Mahren, ma'ren). 

Moray, pronounced, and often written, 
Mur'ray. 

Morbihan, moB'be'&N'. 

Mo-re'a, syn. Peloponnesus. 

Morena, Sierra, se-er'ra mo-ra'na. 

Mor'gan. 

Morlaix, moitla'. 

Mo-roc'co or Marocco (Arab. Maraksh, 
ma-raksh'). 

Morotai, mo-ro-ti', syn. Molokai. [For 
an explanation of this interchange of 
the letters I and r, and k and t, the in- 
quirer is referred to note on page 462 
of the Universal Pronouncing Gazet 
teer.] 

Mortagne, moBtafi'. 

Morteau, moa'to'. 

Mos'cow (Rus. Moskwa, mosk-wa'). 

Moselle, mo-zell' (Ger. Mosel, mo'zel). 



NAV 
Mosk'wa (Rue. pron. Mosk-wl'). 
Mosquito, mps-kee'to. 
Mo'sul or Moo'sul. 
Moulins, moo'la.N'. 
Moultan, mool-tan', syn. Mooltan. 
Mourad. See Moorad. 
Mourzouk. See Moorzcok. 
Mow'ee, syn. Maui. 
Mozambique, mo-zam-beek'. 
Muhlenburg, mulen-burg. 
Miihlhausen, miile v how'zon. 
Muhlhausen, mule~how'zen (Fr. Muhi 

house, mu.rooz'). 
Muhlheim, miileliime. 
Mulde, mool'deh. 
MiiU. 

Mul-lin-gar 7 . 
Mun'den. 
Munich, mu'nik (Ger. Miinchcn mtln' 

Hen). 
Mun'ster (Ger. Miin'ster). 
Murad, moo-rad', syn. Moorad. 
Murcia, mur'ehe-a (Sp. pron. mooB- 

the-a). 
Murfreesborough, mur'freez-bur-ruh. 
Murray, mur're, syn. Moray. 
Mursuk. See Moorzook. 
Murviedro, mooE-ve-a'dro. 
Mus-cat' ; sometimes \vritten Mascat 01 

Mascate. 
Muscatine, mus'ka-teen'. 
Mus-co'gee (g hard). 
Mus'cp-vy. 

Muskingum, mus-king'gum. 
Musselburgh, mus'sel-bur-ruh. 
Mut'tra, syn. Mathura. 
Myc'o-nos, syn. Miconi or Myconi, mik - 

o-nee. 
Mysore, mi-sore'. 
Myt-i-le'ne, syn. Metehn. 



N. 



Naas, nace. 

Nabajo, pronounced, and sometimes 

written, Nav'a-hoe, or Nabajoa, na-va- 

Ho'a. 
Nagy Enyed, nod'yeh (almost nodge) en"- 

yed'. 
Nagy Karoly, nod'yeh (or nodge) kl&'- 

tol'). 
Nagy Szombath, nod'yeh som'bSt, syn, 

Tyrnau. 
Nagy Varad, nod'yeh vaa'rod\ 
Na-hanf. 

Nairnshire, narn'shir. 
Namur, na'mur (Fr. pron. na'mua' ; Flem. 

Namen, na'men). 
Nau'cy (Fr. pron. nax'se'). 
Nangasalci, nang-ga-saTie. 
Nan-kin' or Nan-king'; called, also, K> 

ang 7 Ning. 
Nan'se-mond. 

Nantes, nants (Fr. pron. nibrt) 
Nan'ti-coke. 

an-tuck'et. 
Nantwich. nant'ich. 
Naples, napelz (IL Napoli, na'po-le). 
Napoli di Romania, na'po-le de re-mi 

nee'a, syn. Naupha. 
Narbonne, naa'bonn'. 
Nar'da, syn. Arta. 
Narew, na'ref. 

Narmada, naB-ma'da, syn. Nerbuddah. 
Nar'o-va or Nar'va. 
Nash-olia. 
Nash'u-a. 
Nash'vilie. 

Nas'sau (Ger. pron. nas'sow). 
Natal, ni-tal'. 
Natch'ez. 
Natch^-toch'es, sometimes pronounces 

nak'e-tush'. 
Na-toli-a or An-a-toli-a, or Anadoli. a-n& 

dole. ' 
Naum'burg (Ger. pron. noum'boSBG). 
Nau'pli-a, syn. Napoli di Romania. 
Nav'a-hoe (Indians) ; written, also, Nab 

ajo. 



ou as in our (or ow as ir now) ; N similar to ng ; a like j ; gh like g hard ; fh as in tkis. (See Explanations, p. 99.) 



106 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABIjLAR* 



NIE ' 

Nav'an. 

Navarino, nav-a-ree'no, or Neocastro, 
na'o-kas'tro. 

Nav-arre 7 (Sp. Navarra, na-var'ra). 

Naviglio Grande, na-veel'yo gran'da. 

Naxia, nax-ee'a, or Nax'os. 

Neagh, Lough, 15h na. 

N6au, na N 6', syn. Eupen. 

Neck'ar. 

Ne-cos'ta. 

Nedjd, nej'd, or Nedj'ed. 

Neg'a-pa-tam'. 

Neg-ro-pont' or Eg'ri-po. 

Neisse, ni'ceh. 

Nejin. See Nezheen. 

Nel'son. 

Nemour3, neh-mooR'. 

Nenagh, na'na. 

Neots, St., sent neets'. 

Ne-paul' or Nepal. 

Ner-bud'dah, or Narmada, nar-ma'da. 

Ner-tchinsk'. 

Neschin, nesh-een'. See Nezheen. 

Nes'cg-peck. 

Ne-sham'I-ny. 

Nefh'er-lands (Dutch Nederland, na'der- 
lanf). 

Nethou, na too'. 

Neulmrg (Ger. pron. noil>5oRG). 

Neufchatel or Neuchatel, nush'atel' (Ger. 
Neuenburg, noi'en-b66RG v ). 

Neu-Markt, noi'-markt. 

Neu-Ruppin, noi-roop-peen'. 

Neusatz, noi'sats (Hun. Ujvidek, oo-e-ve- 
daik). 

Neuse, nuce. 

Neu'sohl or noi'sole. 

Neustadt, nu'stat or noi'statt. 

Neuwied, nu'weed or noi'weet 

Ne'va (Rus. pron. na'va). 

Nevada, na-va'Da. 

Nevado, na-va'Do. 

Nevers, neh vaae'. 

Ne'vis, Ben. 

New' ark. 

New'bern. 

New'ber-ry. 

New'burg. 

Newburyport, nu'ber-e-port. 

Newcastle (Delaware), nu'kas-sel. 

Newcastle (England), nu-kas'seL 

Newfoundland, nu'fund-land'. 

New Granada, nu gra-na'da. 

New Guinea, -ghin'e, syn. Papua. 

New Hamp'shire. 

New Han'o-ver. 

New Ha'ven. 

New Helvetia, -hel-vee'she-a (Sp. Nueva 
Helvetia, nwa'va hel-va'te-a). 

New Holland, syn. Australia. 

New Jersey, -jer'ze. 

New Leb'a-nc-n. 

New Le'on (Sp. Nuevo Leon, nwa'vo 
la-one'). 

New London, -lun'den. 

New Mad'rid. 

New Mex'I-co (Sp. Nuevo Mexico, nwa'- 
vo meh'He-ko). 

New Orle-ans, commonly, but incorrect- 
ly, called New Or-leens'. 

Newport. 

New Sa'rum, syn. Salisbury. 

New San-tan'der (Sp. Nuevo Santander, 
nwa'vo san-tan-daiR'). 

New'ton. 

New Zealand, -zeeland. 

Nezh-een' ; written, also, Nejin and Nesch- 
in. 

Nez Perce, na peVsa', commonly pro- 
nounced nay per'ce. 

Niagara, ni-ag'a-rah. 

Nicaragua, nik-ar-a'gwa. 

Nice, nece (It. Nizza, nit'sa). 

Nicholas, nik'o-lus. 

Nic-o-bar'. 

Nic'o-las, St. (Fr. Saint Nicolas, saN ne'- 
kola'). 

Nicopoli, ne-kop'o-le. 

Nicosia, ne-ko'se-a. 

Niederwesel, nee'der-wa'zel, syn. Wesel. 

Niemen, nee'men (Pol. pron. nyem'en). 



OER 

Nieuport. nu'port. 

Ndevre, ne-aivr'. 

Niger, ni'jer, or Quor'ra. 

Nijni. See Nizhnee. 

Nikolalef or Nikolaiew, ne-ko-li'ef. 

Nik'ols-burg (Ger. pron. ne'kols-booRG") 

Nile (Arab. Bahr Nil, baH'r neel). 

Nimegue. See Nimwegen. 

Nimes or Nismes, neem. 

Nimwegen, nim-wa'ghen ; more correct- 
ly, Nymwegen, nime-wa'ghen (Fr. 
Nimegue, ne'maig'). 

Ning-Po, formerly Liampo, le-am'po\ 

Niort, ne-OR'. 

Niph-on' or Nip-on'. 

Nischnei. See Nizhnee. 

Nish'a-poor' ; written, also, Nishapour. 

Nivelies, neVell' (Flem. Nyvel, ni'vel). 

Nizh'nee (or Nijni) Nov v go-rod'. 

Nocera, no-cha'ra. 

Noerdlingen. See Nordlingen. 

Nola. 

Nord, noR. 

Nordhausen, noRt-how'zen. 

Nordlingen or Noerdlingen, norfling-en, 
almost nurtling-en. 

Nor'foZk. 

Nor'man-dy. 

Norrkoping, noR'cho-ping. 

Nor-thamp'ton. 

Nor-thum'ber-land. 

Nor'way (Norw. Norge, noR'glh or noR- 

Norwich (England), nor'ridge. 

Norwich (U. S.), nor'rich or no^wich. 

No'to. 

Not'ta-way. 

Nottingham, not'ting-um. 

Novara, no-va'ra. 

Nova Scotia, no'va eko'she-a. 

No-va Zem'bla. 

Nov'go-rod' or NoVo-go-rod'. 

Novi, no've. 

Nox'u-bee. 

Noyon, n5h*yc-N'. 

Nu'bi-a. 

Nueces, nwa'cSs. 

Nueva Helvetia, nwa'va hel-va'te-a, syn. 

New Helvetia. 
Nuevitas, nwa-vee'tls. 
Nuevo Leon, nwa'vo la-one', syn. New 

Leon. 
Nuevo Santander, nwa'vo san-tan-daiR', 

syn. New Santander. 
Nukahiva, noo'ka-hee'va. 
Nu'rem-berg (Ger. Niirnberg, niiRn'- 

b^RG). 

Nykeping or Nykjoping, nii'cho-ping, al- 
most nee'chup-ing. 
Nyon, ne'ON'. 



O. 

Oahu, wahTioo. 
Oakham, 6'kum. 
Oaxaca or Oajaca, wa-Ha/ka ; written, 

also, Guaxaca. 
O'ber-lin. 
Obi, 6'be, or Ob. 
OTri-on. 

Ocana, o-kan'ya. 
Oceana, o-she-ah'na. 
Oceanica, o-she-an'e-ka. 
Oceola, os-se-ola. 
Ochotsk. See Okhotsk. 
Oc-mulg'ee, formerly written Oakmul- 

gee. 
O-co'nee. 
O'cra-coke. 
Octorara, ok'to-rah'ra. 
Oczakow. See Otchakof. 
Odense, 6'den-seh. 
O'der. 
O-des'sa. 
Oedenburg, e'den-burg or o'den-bo5RG x 

(Hun. Soprony, sho-proii). 
Oeland, elund or oland. 
Oels, els or 61s. 
Oerebro, er'e-bro or 6're-bro. 



OSS 
Oesel, e'sel or 6'sel. 
Oettingenj et'ting-en or of tang-fett. 
O'fen, syn. Buda. ' 
Offenbach, ofTen-baK?. 
Og'dens-burg. 
Ogeechee, o-ghee'che. 
Ogle, 6'g'l. 

Oglethorp, 6'g'l-thorp. 
Oglio, 6l'yo. 
O-hi'o. 

Oise, oiz (Fr. pron. waz, almost wlze,. 
Ojibbeway. See Chippeway. 
O'ka. 

Okhotsk, o-Kotsk' (Rus. pron. o-Hotsk') 
Oktibbeha, ok-tib'be-haw. 
Ol'den-burg (Ger. pron. ol'den-booRG v ). 
Oldham, old'um. 
Oleggio, o-led'jo. 
Oleron, olaYiN' ; sometimes writteo 

Oloron, o v 1o v t6n'). 
O-lin'da or o-leen'da. 
Ol-i-ven'za or Olivenea (Sp. pron. o-le 

ven'tha). 
Ol'mutz or Ollmiitz. 
O-lo-nets' or Olonetz. 
O-lot'. 

Oman, 6-man', 

O'mer, St. (Fr. Saint Omer, S£bfto"maia 1 
O-mo'a or o-mo'a. 
Om-pom-po-noo'suc. 
Omsk, omsk. 

O-ne'ga (Rus. pron. o-na'ga) 
Oneglia, o-nel'ya. 
Oneida, o-ni'da. 
Onondaga, on\m-dau'ga. 
Onslow. 

Ontario, on-ta're-o. 
Oojein, oo-jane'. 
Oo-na-las'ka or Oo-na-lash'ka ; writteo, 

also, Unalaschka. 
Oor'fa; written, also, Urfa, Om-fa, and 

Orfa. 
Oorghenj, Ourghendj, or Urgendj, oor- 

ghenj' ; sometimes written Urghen* 

and Urgantz ; syn. Khiva. 
Ooroomeea or Urumiya, oo-roo-mee'?', 

written, also, Urmiah and Ourmiak 
Oos-tan-aula. 
Oosterhout, oce'ter-howt. 
Oostioog Velikee,' Ustiug Veliki, or Oufi* 

tioug Veliki, oos-te-oog' vel'e-kee. 
Oozbek, Ouzbek, or Uzbeck, ooz'bek'. 
Oozbekistan, ooz-bek-is-tan', syn. Bolt 

hara. 
O-por'to. 
Op'peln. 

Oppenheim, op'pen-hlme. 
Op'pi-do. 

Or'ange (Fr. pron. oVaNzhO 
Or'ange-burg. 

Orcades, or'ka-dez, syn. Orkneys. 
Orebro. See Oerebro 
Or'e-gpn. 
O-rel' or Or-lof '. 

Orel! ana, o-rel-ya'na, syn. Amazon. 
O'ren-boorg" or Orenburg. 
Orihuela, o-re-wa'la. 
O-rin-o'ko. 
O-risTia-ny. 
O-ris'sa. 

Orizaba, o-re-sa'ba. 
Orkneys, ork'n&z. 
Orleanais or Orl§anois, oR v la"an v a 
Orle-ans (Fr. pron. OR v la^N'). 
Or'mus or Ormuz (Pers. Hormooz) 
Orne, ORn. 
Orontes, o-ron'tez (called, by the Araba. 

El Aasy, el aa'see). 
Or'te-gal or OR-ta-gal'. 
Orthez or Orthes, oR'ta' 
Orvieto, oR-ve-a'to. 
O'sage' (Fr. pron. 6'zazh'). 
Osceola, os-se-ola. 
Osero, os'i-ro, or Orsero, OR-sa'ro 
Os'i-mo. 
Oshmooneyn or Achmouneyn, osh-mw/ • 

nine'. 
Os'na-briick x (often called, in English. 

Os'na-burg). 
Os'si-pee. 
Ossuna, os-soo'na. 



Fate, fhr, fall, fit; me, m2t; no. nSt; a, e, i, q, obscure : a, e, f, 6, u, long; a, e, i, 6, u, short; oo as in moon ; o5 as in good t 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



107 



PAS 

Ost-end'. 

Os'ti-ak\ 

Oswegatchie, os'we-gatch'e. 

Os-we'go. 

Otaheite. See Tahiti. 

Otchakof or Oczakow, otch'a-kof '. 

O-tran'to. 

Ot-se'go. 

Ottajano, ot-ta-ya'no. 

Of ta-wa or of ta-wa. 

Otterbach, of ter-baK'. 

Ofter-burn. 

Ottojano. See Ottajano. 

Of to-man Empire, syn. Turkey. 

Oude, ood. 

Oudenarde, ou'den-arMeh (Fr. Auden- 

arde, 6 v den-aRd'). 
Oural. See Ural. 
Ouralsk or Uralsk, oo-ralsk'. 
Ourfa. See Oorfa. 
Ourmiah or Urmiah, oor-mee'a, syn. Oo- 

roomeea. 
Ourghendj. See Oorghenj. 
Ouse, ooz. 

Ouzbek. See Oozbek. 
O'ver-ton. 
O'vi'd (N. Y.). 
Oviedo, o-ve-a'do. 
O-was'co. 
O-we'go. 
O'wen. 

Owhyhee. See Hawaii. 
Ox'fprd (Latin Ox-o'm-a). 
Ox'us ; called, also, the Amoo or Amu, 

a"moo', and Gihon, je-hon' or Je-hoon'. 
Oy'a-pock' or Oyapoc. 
O-zark . 



Pachuco, pa-chooTco. 

Pa-cif'ic. 

Pac'o-let 

Padang 7 . 

Paderborn, pa'der-bofin\ 

Pad'u-a (It. Paddva, pa'do-va). 

Paglia, pal'ya. 

Paisley, pazele. 

Paishawur. See Peshawer. 

Pal'a-wan'. 

Pal-em-bang'. 

Palencia, pa-len'she-a (Sp. pron. pa-len'- 
the-a). 

Palenque, pa-lenk'a, or Culhuacan, kool- 
wa-kan'. 

Pa-ler'mo (It. pron. pa-leVmo). 

Pal'es-tlne. 

Palestrina, pa-les-tree'na. 

Pal-lam-cofta. 

Palma, pal'ma. 

Palmas or Las Palmas, las pal'mas. 

Palo Alto, palo al'to. 

Pal-my'ra. 

Pamli-co. 

Pamplona, pam-plo'na, or Pampeluna, 
pam-pa-loo'na. 

Panama, pan.a-ma'. 

Panay, pa-nl'. 

Pancsova, paan'choV6h\ 

Pa-nola. 

Pantellaria, pan-t§l-la-ree'a 

Papa, paa'poh\ 

Pa'pal State (It. Stato Pontificio, sta'to 
pon-te-fee'che-o). 

Papua, pap'oo-a or pa'poo-a, syn. New- 
Guinea. 

Para, para'. 

Paraguay, pa-ra-gwa' or pa-ra-gwl'. 

Parahyba or Paraiba, pa-ra-ee'ba. 

Par'a-mar'i-bo. 

Par-a-mafta. 

Parana, pa-ra-na'. 

Parana-Iba or Paranahiba, pa-ra-na-ee'ba. 

Far'ga. 

Paris, p&r'ris (Fr. pron. pa'ae'). 

Par'ma (It. pron. paR'mS.). 

Parral, paR-ral'. See San Jose del Parral. 

Par'sons-town, syn. Birr. 

Pascagoula, pas'ka-goola. 



PIA 
Pasco or Cerro Pasco, ser'ro pas'ko. 
Pascuaro, pas-kwa'ro, or Pasquaro. 
Pas-de-Calais, pa'deh-kali'. 
Pasquaro. See Pascuaro. 
Pas'quo-tank'. 
Paso del Norte, pa'so d£l noR'ti. or El 

paso del Norte. 
Pas-65'ic. 

Pas x sa-ma-quod'dy. 
Passaro, pas'sa-ro. 

Passarowan, pas-sa-ro-wan' ; written, al- 
so, Passarouang. 
Passau, p^s'sow. 
Pat-a-go'ni-a. 
Pa-taps'co. 
Paf a-ra or Patera. 
Pafter-spn. 
Pafna. 

Pa-to'mac. See Potomac. 
Pa-tras' or Patrasso, pa-tras'so. 
Pattawatomies. See Pottowatomies. 
Pau, po. 
Pavia, pa-vee'a. 
Paw'nees. 
Paw-tuck'et. 
Pax'os or Pax'o. 
Pays Bas, pa'e ba. 

Pays de Vaud, pa'e deh vo, syn. Vaud. 
Paz, La, 13. paz (Sp. pron. 1& pith). 
Pearlington, perl'ing-tun. 
Pecs, paitch, syn. Fiinf kirchen. 
Peebles, peeT>elz. 
Pe'dee'. 

Pegnitz, peg'nits. 
Pegu or Pegou, pe-goo' ; called, also, Ba- 

goo. 
Peichaouer. See Peshawer. 
Peipus, pa'e-pooce, or Tchood'sko-e. 
PeTrin' or Peeking'. 
Pe-lew'. 
Peltew, pel'tef. 

Pemigewasset, peml-je-wos'set. 
Pembroke, pem'brook. 
Penafiel, pane-ya-fe-el' or -fe-ale'. 
Peflalva, pane-yal'va. 
Pen-den'nis. 
Penn-syl-va'ni-a. 
Pe-nob'scot 
Pen-ryn'. 
Pen'sa-cola. 
Pen'za or Pensa. 
Pen-zance'. 
Pe-o'ri-a. 

Pereslavl, p8r-es-lavl', syn. Riazan 
Perdido, peR-dee'do. 
Pergola, peVgo-la. 
Perigord, pSrVgoR'. 
Perigueux, peVe'guh'. 
Perm (Rus. pron. p§Rm). 
Pernambuco, p§R-nam-boo'ko. 
Pernau, peR'now. 
Perote, pa-ro'ta. 
Perpignan, pSfi^peenyaN'. 
Per-quim'ans. 
Persia, per'she-a ; called by the natives 

Iran, eeYan'. 
Perth. 

Perth Am-boy'. 
Peru, pe-roo'. 
Perugia, pa-roo'ja. 
Pes'a-ro or pa'sa-ro. 
Pescara, p&s-ka'ra. 
Peschiera, pes-ke-i'ra. 
Peshawer, Peichaouer, Peschauer, pesh'- 

our; written, also, Paishawur and Peish- 

ore. 
Pesth, pest (Hun. pron. pesht). 
Petch-o'ra or Petschora. 
Peterborough or Peterburgh,pee'ter-bur- 

ruh. 
Peterhead, pee'ter-hed. 
Pe'ters-burg, Saint (Puis. Peterburg, pa'- 

ter-boorg). 
Peterwardein, pee'ter-waVdine (Ger. 

pron. pa-ter-waR'dlneX 
Pet-ro-zav-odsk'. 
Peftis. 

Pezenas, pfiz"na'. 
Phira-del'phi-a. 
Phil'i-pine. 
Piacenza, pe-a-chen'za. 



POR 

Pl'att 

Piave, pe-a'va. 

Pic'ar-dy (Fr. La Picardie, la pe'kahMeO. 

Pichincha, pc-chin'cha. 

Pick'a-way. 

Pico, pee'ko. 

Pictou, pik-too'. 

Piedmont, peed'mont (It. Piemonte, p» 
a-mon'ta). 

Pieds Noirs, pe-a'nwaR, syn. Black-feet 

Pienza, pe-en'za. 

Pierre, Saint, sent peer (Fr. pron. six 
pe-aiR'). 

Pietola, pe-a'to-ia. 

Pignerol, peen'yer-rol'. St* Pinerolo 

Pilcomayo, pil-ko-mi'o. 

Pilica, pe-lit'6a or pe-leef si 

Pillau, pil'lou. 

PU'sen. 

Pinerolo, pe-na-rol'o (Fr. Pignerol, peen 
yer-ol'). 

Pirmasens or Pirmasenz, peeR'ma-sinta. 

Pisa, pee'za. 

Pis-cafa-qua. 

Pis-cafa-quis. 

Pistoja, pis-to'ya. 

Pit-cairn's' Island. 

Pitea, pife-6. 

Pitts'burg. 

Pitt-syl-va'nT-a. 

Placentia, pla-sen'she-a. 

Plan del Rio, plan del ree'o. 

Plaquemine, plak'meen'. 

Plasencia, pla-sen'she-a (Sp. pron. pli- 
sen'the-a). 

Plata, La, la pla'ta ; called, also, the Ar- 
gentine (ar'jen-tine) Republic (Sp. Re- 
pubhca Argentina, ra-pooble-ka aa- 
H^n-tee'na). 

Plata, Rio de la, ree'o del-a pla'ti. 

Platte. 

Platten See, plat'ten sa, or Lake Balato. 
ny, baaloh'ton . ' 

?latts'burg. 

Plauen, plow'en. 

Pleisse, pli'ceh. 

Plock, plotsk. 

Plymouth, phm'uth. 

Plyn-lim'mpn. 

Po'co-moke. 

Po-co-hon'tas. 

Podlachia, pod-la'ke-a. 

Po-do'li-a. 

Poictiers. SeePoiti^rs. 

Poictou. See Poitou. 

Poin'sett. 

Point Coupee, -koo-pee . 

Poitiers or Poictiers, poi-teerz' (Fr.pron. 
pwa'te-a', almost pwrte-a'). 

Poitou or Poictou, poitoo' (Fr. 

pwatoo' or pwftooO. 
Pola. 
Po'land (called by the Poles, Polska, 

pole'ska). 
Polock, po-lotsk' ; written, also, Polotzk, 
Poltava, p6l-ta'va ; also written Pultowa. 
Polynesia, ponn-ee'she-a. 
Pom-e-ra'ni-a (Ger. Poni'mern). 
Po-mo'na, syn. JIainland. 
Pompeii, pom-pa'ye. 
Pondicherry, pon v de-sher're (Fr. Pondt 

chery, p6N r de , sha v Re'). 
Ponk'as, syn. Puncahs. 
Ponta-Delgada, pon't4-d5l-ga'da. 
Pontch v ar-train'. 
Pontefract, pom'fret 
Pon'to-toc'. 

Pontremoli, pon-trem'o-le. 
Poo'nah. 

Popayan, po-pl-an' or po-pa-yan'. 
Po-per-ing'en (Fr. Poperingue, pop'er« 
^aw'gO. 
Po-po-cat v a-petl'. 
Porfage. 
Port-au-Prince, port-6-prince (Fr. pron. 

poRt-6-praNce). 
Portland. 
Port Le'on. 
Port Louis, port loo'is, syn. Port North 

west. 
Port Mahon, ma-hone'. 



pron. 



ou as in our (or ow as in note) ; n similar to ng ; s like z ; gh like g 'rard ; fh as in this. (See Explanations, p. 9i.) 



108 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY 



QUO 
Porto Bello (Sp. Puerto Bello, pweVto 

bgl'yo). 
Pdr'to Ca-bello (Sp. Puerto Cabello 

pwea'to ka-veTyo). 
Porto Praya, por'to pri'a. 
Por'to Prin'ci-pe. See Puerto Principe. 
Porto Rico, por'to ree'ko (Sp. Puerto 

Rico, pwen'to ree'ko). 
Portsea, port'see. 
Portsmouth, ports'muth. 
Port'u-gal (Port. pron. poR-too-gaT). 
Posen, po'zen. 
Potenza, po-ten'za. 
Poto'mac. 

Potosi, po-to-see' or po-to'se. 
Potsdam, pots'dam. 
Potts'ville. 

Poughkeepsie, po-kip'se. 
Poulton, pole'ton. 
Pow-hat-tan'. 
Po-yang'. 

Pozzuoli, pot-soo-ole. 
Prague, praig (Ger. Prag, praG). 
Prairie du Chien, pra're dii she-aN'. 
Prato, pra'to. 
Praya, Porto, poR'to pri'a. 
Preble, preb'el. 
Preg'el. 

Prenzlow, prentslov. 
PresTsurg or Press'burg (Ger. pron. 

press'booRG). 
Pres'ton. 

Prev'e-sa or pra'va-sa. 
Prince'ton. 
Principato Citra, prin-che-pa'to chee'- 

tra. 
Principato Ultra, prin-che-pa'to ool'tra. 
Prip'ets (Polish Prypec, prip'ets). 
Privas, preVass'. 
Provence, proVaNce'. 
Prov'i-dence. 
Prussia, proo'she-a or priish'e-a (Ger. 

Preussen, prois'sen). 
Pruth (Ger. pron. p'root). 
Prypec or Prypetz. See Pripets. 
Przemysl, pzhem'isl. 
Pskof or Pskow, pskoff; written, also, 

Pskov. 
Puebla, pwebla. See La Puebla. 
Pueblo, pweblo, or El Pueblo de los Ae- 

geles, el pweb'lo da loce ang'Hel-es. 
Puente Nacional, pwen'ta na-se-o-nal'. 
Puerco, pweR^ko. 
Puerto Bello. See Porto Bello. 
Puerto Cabello. See Porto Cabello. 
Puerto Principe, pweVto prin'sei ^ r 

preen'the-pa, or Por'to Prin'ci-pe. j 
Puerto Rico. See Porto Rico. 
Pulaski, pu-las'ke. 
Puncahs, punk'az, or Ponkas. 
Put'nam. 

Puy, Le, leh pwee. 
Puy de Dd'me, pwee deh dome. 
Pyrenees, pir'en-eez. 
Pyrmont, pees'mont. 



a 



Qaherah, kahTie-ra, syn. Cairo. 

Qen6. See Keneh. 

Qoceyr, kos-sare', syn. Cosseir. 

Quang-tong', syn. Canton. 

Que-bec' (Fr. Quebec, ka v bek'). 

QuedTin-burg (Ger. pron. kwedliu 

b00RG N ). 

Quen'tin, Saint (Fr. pron. saN kaN* 

t&*). 
Queretaro, ker-a'ta-ro. 
Quiberon, ke'ber-ON' or ke v br&N'. 
Quilimane, ke-le-ma'na ; written, also 

Quilimancy. 
Quillota, keel-yo'ta. 
Quiloa, kee'lo-a. 
Quimper, kaivt'paRe', or Quimper Coren 

tin, -koYaN v taV. 
Quin'e-baug'. 
Quito, kee'to. 
Quor'ra, syn. Niger 



BIO 



R. 

Raab, raab (Hun. Gj n dyoR). 

Ra'bun. 

Racine, ras-seen'. 

Rad'npr. 

Ragusa, ra-goo'sa, or Raugiiv, ra'to-ja or 
rou'ja. 

Rajpoot, raj-poof. 

Rajpootana, raj-poo-ta'na, or Tajasthan, 
ra-ja-stan'. 

Raleigh, rau'le 

Ralls, raulz. 

Rams'gate. 

Rambouillet, raM'boo-eelYa' or rl%: v bw®"- 
ya'. 

RamilUes, ram'e-leez (Fr. pron. Ra v me?r- 
ye' or Ra'me'ye'). 

Ranai, ra-ni', syn. Lanai. See MorotaL 

Ran'dolph. 

Rangoon, rang-goon'. 

RanTrin. 

Rapides, rap-eed'. 

Rappa-han'nock. 

Raritan or Rariton, rar'it-un. 

Rastadt, ras'tatt. 

Rastowica, ras-to-veet'sa. 

Ratibor, ra'te-bor. 

Rat'is-bon (Ger. Regensburg, Ra'ghenz- 
booRG 1 ). 

Raugia. See Ragusa. 

Rav-en'na or ra-ven'na. 

Ravensburg, ra'venz-boSRG. 

Ravenstein, ra'ven-stine\ 

Reading, red'ing. 

Red'ruth. 

Ree (Ireland), ra. 

Regensburg, ra'ghenz-b6oRG x , syn. Ratis- 
bon. 

Reggio, red'jo. 

Reichenberg, ri'Ken-beRG\ 

Reikiavik, ri'ke-a-vik. 

Reims or Rheims, reemz (Fr. pron. 
RaNz). 

Renaix, reh-na' (Flem. Ron'se). [Su- 
renne pronounces this name reh-naix.] 

Rends'borg or Rendsburg. 

Ren'frew. 

Renfrewshire, ren'fru-shjr. 

Rennes, renn. 

Rensselaer, ren'sel-er. 

S-equena, ra-ka'na. 

Resaca de la Paima, ra-sa'ka del-a pal'- 
mL 

Reus, ra'ooce. 

Reuss, ruce (Ger. pron. Roiss). 

Reutlingen, roitling-en. 

Rev'el (Rus. Koly van, ko-le-van'). 

Rhea, ra. 

Rheatown, ray'town. 

Rheims. See Reims. 

Rheinthal, rine'taal. 

Rhine, riae (Ger. Rhein, Dutch Rhyn; 
both pronounced as the English Rhine). 

Rhodes, rodz. 

Rhodez or Rodez, ro'di'. 

Rhone. 

Riazan, le-a-zan'. 

RicheUeu, reeah'lu' or reashle-uh'. 

Richland. 

Rich'mond. 

Rideau, ree'do'. 

Riesengebirge, ree'zea-g* befeAG'eh. 

Rieti, re-a'te. 

Rfga or ree'ga. 

Rig'o-Iet. 

Rimini, ree'me-ne. 

Rio Bravo, ree'o br a'vo. See Rio &sl Norte. 

Rio Colorado, ree'o ko-lo-rah'do. 

Rio del Norte, ri'o del nort (Sp. pron. 
Ree'o del noR'ta) ; called, also, the Ri'o 
Grande (Sp. pron. Ree'o gran'da), and 
Rio Bravo, ree'o bra'vo. [The pro- 
nunciation of these names, which may 
be said in one sense to belong now to 
the United States, should be Anglicized, 
for the same reason that the pronun- 
ciation of Wisconsin (Ouisconsin) and 
Texas, is Anglicized, viz., because the 



SAA 

great majority of those who have oc- 
casion to use them, speak the English 

language.] 
Rio Frio, ree'o free'o. 
Rio Janeiro, ri'o ja-nee'ro (Port. Rio de 

Janeiro, Ree'o da zhan-aVro) ; often 

called simply Ri'o. 
Riom, re'oN'. 
Ripley, riple. 
Rip'on or Rippon 
Ritchie, ritch'e. 
Rive de Gier, reev deh zhe-a'. 
Rives, reevz. 

Rivoli, riv'o-le or Ree'vo-le. 
Roane, rone. 
Ro'anne'. 
Ro'a-noke'. 
Rob'ert-son. 
Rob'e-son. 
Rochdale, rotch'del. 
Rochefort, rotch'fort or ROshfoA' 
Rochelle or La Rochelle, la ao'ahefl'. 
Roch'es-ter. 
Rock'brldge. 
Rockcastle, rock-kas'seL 
Rockingham, rok'ing-um. 
Rockland. 

Rodez," ro'da', syn. Rhodez. 
Roer, rooR. 
Roermonde, rooR-mond'eh (Fr. Rviv 

monde, RUR'moNd'). 
Romagna, ro-man'yl. 
Romagnese, ro-man-ya'sa. 
Romania, ro-ma'ne-a or Ro-ma-nee'^. 
Romans, ro'maN'. 
Rome (It. Roma, Ro'ma). 
Ron'ce-valles (Sp. Roncesvalles, ROD 

thes-val'yes, Fr. Roncevaux, ronsVo 

or r6N v ceh-vo'). 
Ronse. See Renaix. 
Roo-meli-a or Rumelia. 
Room-Elee, Roum-Ui, or Rum-Hii 

room'e-lee\ syn. Roomelia. 
Roos-tchook' ; written, also, K,ustschui 

and Routchouk. 
Rosbach, ros'baK. 
Ros-com'mgn. 
Roscrea. ros-kra'. 
Ro-set'ta (Arab. Er-Rash-eedO. 
Rossano, ros-sa'no. 
Ros'tock. 
Rothenburg, ro'ten-burg or Ro'teih 

booRG\ 
Rotherham, rofh'er-um. 
Rothesay, roth'sa. 
Rot'ter-dam\ 
Roubaix, roo'ba'. 
Rouen, roo'en (Fr. pron. rwjLn). 
Roulers, roola'. 
Roumelia. See Roomeha. 
Roum-Ili. See Room-Elee. 
Roussillon, roo'seeryir*' or Roo'se'yiN' 
Routchouk, root'shook', syn. Roo» 

tchook. 
Roveredo, ro-va-ra'do (Ger. Rovereitii 

Ro'ver-Ite x ). 
Rovigno, ro-veen'yo. 
Rovigo, ro-vee'go. ■ 
Roxburgh (Scotland), roxTjur-reh 
Roxbury, roxTser-e. 
R6w-an'. 

Rudolstadt, roo'dol-statt. 
Riigen, rii'ghen. 
Rumelia. See Roomelia. 
Rum-Li. See Room-Elee. 
Ruppin, roop-peen'. 
Ruremonde. -See Roermonde. 
Russia, roo'she-a or rush'e-a. 
Rustchuk or Rusczuk. See RoostchoolJ 
Rufh'er-ford. 
Rutherglen, ruglen. 
Rutland. 
Ryde, ride. 
Ryswick, t^'wik (Dutc^i pron. rice' cWk> 



S 



Saale, saa'leh. 
Saalfeld, saal'f&t 



Fate far, fall, fat; ; me, mgt ; no, not ; a f e, \, 9, obscure ; a, e, 1, 6, u, long ; a, e, i, o, u, short ; 00 as in mom ; 63 as la gooZ 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



109 



SAN 
Saar, saa or saaa (Fr. Sarre, saRR). 
Saarbriick, saaR'bruk, or Saar-briick'- 

en. 
Saardam, saaR'dam v , syn. Zaandam. 
Saarlouis, saaR-loo'is. 
Saatz, saats. 
Sabine, sab-een'. 
Sachsen, sak'sen. See Saxony. 
Sachsen-Altenburg. See Saxe-Altcn- 

burg. 
Sachsenhausen, sak'sen-how'zen. 
Sachsenheim, sak'sen-hime\ 
6ack v a-too' ; written, also, Sackatou and 

Sakatu. 
Sack'ett's Har'bor. 
Saco, sau'ko. 
Sac-ra-men'to. 
Sacs, sauks. 
Saeed or Said, sa v eed'. 
Sag-hal'i-en or Sakhalien. 
Sagln-aw'. 
Sahara, sab/ha-ra or sa-ha'ra ; written, 

also, Zabara. 
Said. See Saeed. 
Saida, si'da, or Si'don. 
Saigon, sf gon', or Saigong, spgong' ; call- 
ed, also, Look"noo v ee'. 
Saint Denis. See Denis, Saint. 
Saint Germain. See Germain, Saint, and 

eo for all the other names having the 

prefix of Saint. 
Saintes, s&Nt. 
Saintonge, saVtoNzh'. 
Sakatu. See Sackatoo. 
Sakhalien. See Sagbalien. 
Sakkara, sakTta-ra. 
Saladillo, sa-la-Deel'yo. 
Salado, sa-li'Do. 
Sal-a-manc'a or sa-la-mang'ka. 
Salem. 

Sa-ler'no (It. pron. sa-l£n'no). 
Salford, saul'furd or sau'furdL 
Salina (in the U. S.), sa-li'na. 
Sahna (in Spanish America), sa-lee'na. 
Saline, sal-een'. 

Sahsbury, saulz'ber-e, or New Sa'rum. 
Salm, salm. 
Salona, sa-lo'na. 
8alonica, sal-o-nee'ka, or Selaniki, sel-a- 

nee'ke. 
Salop. See Shropshire. 
Salta, sal'ta. 
Saltcoats, saulfkotes. 
Saltillo, sal-teel'yo (vulgar pron. 6al-tee'- 

yo). 
Sa-lu'da. 

Saluzzo, sa-loot'so. 
Salvador, sal-va-doae'. 
Salvador, Saint (Brazil). See Bahia. 
Salvador, Saint (Central America). See 

San Salvador. 
Sarwin' or SaTwen' ; called, also, Than- 

Lyeng or Than-Lweng. 
Saltz'burg or Salzburg (Ger. pron. salts'- 

bSoKG). 
Salza, salt's a. 
Salzwedel, salts'wa'del. 
Samoa, sa-mo'a, 
Sa-mo'an. 
Sam-ar'. 
Sam'a-rang'. 
Sam'ar-cand'. 
Sambor, sam'boR. 
Bamisat, sa-me-sat'. 
Samogitia, sam-o-jish'e-a. 
Sa'mos (called Soosam, soo-sam', by the 

Turks). 
Samothraki, sa'mo-thra/ke, or Sam'o- 

thrace'. 
Samsoon, Samsun, or Samsoun, sam- 

soon'. 
Sam Tiago, soung-te a'go or San Thiago, 

san te-a'go ; written, also, St. Jago. 
Sam'oy-ede'. 
Sanaa or Sana, sa'na'. 
San An-to'ni-o. 
San An-to'nI-o de Bexar, -da ba-hai/. See 

Bexar. 
San Augustine, -au N gus-teen'. 
San Bartolom6, san bar-to-lo-ma'. 
San Bias, san blass. 



SAV 

San Buenaventura, san bwa'na-ven-too'- 
ra. 

San Diego, san de-a'go. 

San Felipe, san fa-lee'pa da aus'tin (fa- 
miliarly called San Phil'ip). 

San Fernando, san fea-nan'do. 

San Fran-cis'co or san fran-sees'ko. 

San Ja-cin'to. 

San Joaquin, jo'a-kin (Sp. pron. san ho- 
a-keen'). 

San Ju'an (Sp. pron. san Hoo-an' or 
hwan).' 

San Juan de la Frontera, -da la fron-ta'- 
ra. 

San Juan de Ulua or Uloa, san ju'an (or 
san hwan) da oo-loo'a or oo-lo'a. 

San Jose del Parral, san Ho-sa' del paa- 
aal' ; also called, simply, Parral. 

San Luis (Texas), san loo'is. 

San Luis de Potosi, sin loo'is (Sp. pron. 
loo-eece') da po-to-see'. 

San Marino, san ma-ree'no. 

San Patricio, -pat-ris'se-o. 

San or Sam Salvador (Brazil). See Bahia. 

San Salvador, san sal-va-doae'. 

Sandomir or San-do-meer'. 

San-dus'ky. 

Sand'wich. 

Sangamon, sang'ga-mon . 

San-i-lac'. 

Santa, san'ta. 

Santa Barbara, san'ta baR'ba-ra. 

Santa Cruz, san'ta krooce (Sp. pron. san'- 
ta krooth), or St. Croix, sent-kroi'. 

San'ta Fe (Sp. pron. san'ta fa). 

Santa Fe de Bogota -da bo-go-ta'. 

Santa Maria, san'ta ma-ree'a. 

Santa Marta, san'ta maR'ta. 

San'ta Mau'ra or san'ta mow'ra. 

San'ta Ro'sa. 

Santa Rosalia, san'ta RO-sa-lee'a. 

San-tan'der (Sp. pron. san-tan-daiR'). 

Santarem, san'ta-r&N' (almost santa- 
rengO- 

San'tee'. 

San Thiago. See Sam Tiago. 

Santiago de Compostela, s3,n-te-&'go da 
com-pos-tala, syn. Compostela. 

Santiago de Cuba, san-te-a'go de ku'ba 
or -da kooTaa. 

Santillana, san-teel-ya'na. 

Santorini, san-to-ree'ne, or Santorin, san'- 
to-reen'. 

Santos, san'toce. 

Sa6ne, sone. 

Sap-i-en'za. 

Sap'tin (River), syn. Lewis River. 

Saptin (Indians), syn. Nez-Perces. 

Saqqara. See Sakkara. 

Sarabat, sa-ra-bat', syn. Hermus. 

Sar-a-gos'sa (Sp. Zaragoza, tha-ra-go'- 
tha). 

Sar'a-nac'. 

Saransk, sa-ransk'. 

^.lr'a-to'ga. 

v;ratof or Saratow, sar-a-tof. 

riar-a-wan'. 

Sar-dinl-a (It. Sardegna, saR-dSn'y& or 
sar-dain'ya). 

Saree or Sari, sa-ree'. 

Sar'no. 

Saros (Hungary), shaa'rosh ; also writ- 
ten Sarosch. 

Saros (Greece), sa'ris. 

Sarre, saRR, syn. Saar. 

Sarthe, saRt. 

Sa'rum. 

Sas-katch'a-wan\ 

Sassari, sas'sa-re. 

Satalieh, sa-ta-lee'a, syn. Adaha. 

Sauk (Indians). See Sacs. 

Sault de Sainte Marie (Fr. pron. so deh 
saNt maYe'), but now usually written 
and pronounced Sault (sawlt) Saint 
Ma'ry. 

Saumur, so^miiR'. 

Sa-van'nah. 

Save (Ger. Sau, sow, Hun. Szava, sal- 
voh). 

Savigliano, ea-veel-ya'no. 

Savignano, sa-veen-ya'no. 



SEM 
Savigny, saVeen'ye'. 
Savona, sa-vo'na. 
Sav'oy or sav-oi' (It. Savoiit, si voi'4, Fi 

Savoie, sa'vwa'). 
Saxe Altenburg, sax al'ten-burg (Ger 

Sachsen-Altenburg, sak'sen al'ten 

booRG'). 
Saxe Co'burg (Ger. Sachsen Coburg 

sak'sen ko'booaG). 
Saxe Lauenburg, saxlou'en-burg or lou 

en-b66RG\ 
Saxe Meiningen, sax mi'ning-en. 
Saxe-Weimar, sax-wi'mar (Ger. Sach- 

sen-Weimar, sak'sen-wi'mar). 
Sax'ony (Ger. Sachsen, sak'sen). 
Sayn, 6ine. 
Scan'der-oon' or Is-ken'der-oon', ay* 

Alexandretta. 
Scan-di-na'vi-a. 
Scania, ska'ne-a. See Skane. 
Scarborough, skar'b'ruh or skarTjur-ruk 
Scar'pan-to. 

Scarperia, skaR-pa-ree'a. 
Schaflhausen, shaff-how'zen. 
Schat-el-Arab. See Shatt^-el-Arab. 
Schaumburg Lippe, shoum'booRG lip' 

peh, syn. Lippe Schauenburg. 
Scheldt, skelt (Dutch Schelde, sKel'deb 

Fr. Escaut, es'ko'). 
Schelestadt, 6heres-tad' (Ger. pron. shei' 

es-tatt v ). 
Schemnitz, shem'nits (Hun. Selmec» 

Banya, shel-inets bain-yoh). 
Schenectady, sken-ek'ta-de. 
Schie, sKee. 
Schiedam, sKee'dam'. 
Schio, skee'o. 

Schiraz, sheYaz', syn. Shiraz 
Schirvan or Schirwan. See Shirvan 
Schleswig. See Sleswick. 
Schoa. ^ee Shoa. 
Schoharie, sko-har're. 
Schonbrunn or Schoenbrunn, shetf 

broon, or shon'broonn. 
Schonen. See Skane. 
Schoodic, skoo'dik. 
Schooley's, skooleez. 
Schouwen, skow'ven or sKOW'wen. 
Schroon, skroon. 
Schumla. See Sbumla 
Schuyler, skiler. 
Schuylkill, skool'kil. 
Schwabach, shwa'ban. 
Schwarzburg, shwarts'burg, or shwaBts 

booRG. 
Schwarzenberg, 6hwaRts'en-bSBG. 
Schwarzwald, shwarts'walt 
Schweidnitz, shwite'nits. 
Schweinfurt, shwine'fooRt. 
Schweitz, shwites, syn. Schwitz. 
Schwerin, shwa-reen'. 
Schwitz or Schwyz, shwits 
Sciglio, sheel'yo. 
Scigliano, sheel-y&'no. 
Scilly, sille. 
Scio, shee'o or si'o. 
Scioto, si-o'to. 
Sclav-o'ni-a, syn. Slavonia 
Scotland. ' 
Scriv'en. 
Scutari, skoo'ta-re (near Conotantin* 

pie) ; called Is-koo-dar' by the Turks. 
Scutari (in Albania) ; called by the Turki 

Is-kan-der-ee'yeh. 
Seara, se-a'ra, syn. Ciara. 
Se-ba'go. 
Sebastian, Saint, sent se-basfyun (Sp 

San Sebastian, san se-bas-te-Sn^ 
Secchia sekTie-a. 
Sedan, seh-daN'. 
Seevas or Sivas, seeVas'. 
Seewah or Siwah, see'wa\ 
Segni, sen'ye or sain'ye. 
Se'go. 

Segorbe, sa-goRTja. 
Se-go'vi-a (Sp. pron. sa-go've-a;. 
Seine, sane. 

Selaniki. See Salonica. 
Sel'kirk. 

Selmecz Banya. See Schemnitz. 
Se-men'dri-a. 



as in our (or ow as in now) ; N similar to ng ; s like z ; gh like g hard ; fh as in this. (See Explanations, p. 92 ^ 



^—m 



wmi 



110 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY 



SIN 

Sem'in-oles. 

Semlin. 

Sempach, sem'pax. 

Sen'e-ca. 

Senegal, sen'e-gaul'. 

Sen-e-gam'bi-a. 

Senlis, s&Nleece'. 

Sennaar, sen'nar'. 

Sens, saN. 

Serajevo, sa-ra-ya'vo, syn. Bosna-Serai. 

Ser'am-pore' or Serampoor. 

Ser-ang', syn. Ceram. 

Serchio, sgR'ke-o. 

Seres, ser'es. 

Seringapatam, ser-ing"ga-pa-tam'. 

Seringham, ser-ing'gum. 

Servan, Saint, saN sou'vaN*. 

SerM-a. 

Setledge or Setlej. See Sutledge. 

Settia, set-tee'L 

Setubal, sa-too'bal, or Setuval, sa-too'- 
val, or St. Ubes, -ubz. 

Sev x as-to'pol. 

Sev'ern. 

Sevier, ser-eer'. 

Seville, sev'il or se-vill' (Sp. Sevilla, sa- 
veel'ya). 

Sevre, sevr or saivr. 

Seychelles, sa'shell'. 

Shahabad, shah'a-bad'. 

Shan'non. 

Shang Hai or Chang-hai, sbang-hl'. 

Shatt>-el-Arab, Schat-ul-Arab, or Chat- 
el-Arab, shat-el-a'rab. 

Sbawangunk, shong'gum. 

Shaw'nees'. 

Shaw'nee-town. 

She-boy'gan ; formerly written Cheboy- 
gan. 

Sheer-ness'. 

Shen'an-do'ah. 

Sher'shell'. 

Sheerwan. See Shirvan. 

Shetland. 

Shra-was'see. 

Shir'az, sheYaz' or shee'raz. 

Shirvan, Schirwan, or Chirvan, shjrVan' 
or sheer'van'. 

Shoa, Schoa, or Xoa, sho'l; written, al- 
so, Shwa, 

Shoomla, Schumla, or Choumla, shoom'- 
la ; sometimes written Shoomna. 

Shoos'ter or Shu'ster ; written, also, 
Schuster and Chouster. 

Sho-sho'nees. 

Shrewsbury, shroze^ber-e or shruze'- 
ber-e. 

Shrop'shjre, or county of Salop. 

Shtab. See Sistova. 

Shumla. See Shoomla. 

Shuster. See Shooster. 

Siam, si-am' or se'am'. 

Siara or Seara, se-a'ra, syn. Ciara. 

Sl-be'ri-a. 

Sicily, siss'il-e. 

Sidmouth, sid'muth. 

Siegberg, seeG'b&RG. 

Siegen, seeg'en. 

6i-en'na (It. Siena, se-^n'a). 

Sierra, se-er'ra, 

Sierra Gorda, se-er'ra gor'da. 

Si-er'ra Le-o'ne. 

Sierra Madre, se-er'ra maD'ra. 

Sierra Morena, se-er'ra mo-ra'na. 

Sierra Nevada, ee-erra ne-va'Da. 

Sig-mar-ing'eu. 

Sikokf, see'kokf, or Sikoke, seeTtoke', 
syn. Sitkokf. 

Silesia, si-lee'she-a (Ger. Schlesien, shla'- 
ze-en). 

Sil-is'tri-a. 

Simbirsk or Sim-beersk'. 

Sim'coe. 

Sim'men. 

riimmenthal, sim'men-taaT. 

Sim-pher-o'pol or Simferopol. 

Sim'plon (Fr. pron. sliM'pldN'). 

Sinaloa. See Cinaloa. 

Sincapoie. See Singapore. 

Sindtf, slnd. 

Sindbia or Sindia, sin'de-a. 



STE 
Sin'dy. 
Sin-gan'. 
Singapore, sing'ga-pore', or Singapoor ; 

formerly written Sincapore. 
Sinigaglia, sin-e-gal'ya. 
Sinoob, Sinoub, or Sinub, se'noob'. 
Sioot, • Siout, or Siut, se'oof ; written, 

also, Es-Sioot. 
Sioux, usually pronounced soo (Fr. pron. 

se-oo') ; called, also, Dacotah, dah-ko'ta. 
Sirjan, seer-jan'. 
Sis-to'va ; called, also, Shtab. 
Sitkokf or Sikokf, see v kokf '. 
Sivas. See Seevas. 
Siwah. See Seewah. 
Skag'ger Rack. 
Skane, sko'na, often written Schonen 

(Dutch pron. sKo'nen ; Ger. eho'nen) 

and Scan'i-a. 
Skeneateles, .sken-e-atflesa. 
Skib v ber-een'. 
Skye, ski. 

Slav-o'ni-a or Sclav-o'nI-a. 
Sles'wick (Dan. Sles'vig; Ger. Schles- 

wig, shles'wiG). 
Sh'go. 

Slobode Ukraina, sloTio-da oo-kra-ee'na, 
Sm&land, pronounced, and sometimes 

written, Smoland. 
Smo-lensk' or Smo-lens'ko. 
Smyrna, smir'na ; called Iz-meer' by the 

Turks. 
Smythe, smith. 
Snow'den. 

So-co'tra or So-co'to-ra. 
Sofala, so-fa'la. 

Soissons, swas'soN' (almost swrsAN 7 ). 
Soleure, so v 1ur' (Ger. Solothurn, solo- 
to oeu'). 
Solfatara, sol-fa-ta'ra. 
Somerset, sum'er-set. 
Somme, somm. 

Sondershausen, son-ders-how'zen. 
So-no'ra. 

Soodan, Soudan, or Sudan, soo'dan'. 
Soo'loo'. 

Sooltaneeyeh or Sultanieh, sool-ta-nee'a. 
Soorabaya or Surabaya, soo-ra-bi'a. 
Soormool, Sourmoul, or Surmul,'soor"- 

mool'. 
Sootcheoo or Soutcheou, soo-che-oo'. 
Sophia, so-fee'a, or Triaditza, tre-a-ditfsa. 
Soprony, sho'pron', syn. (Edenburg. 
Sorata, so-ra'ta. 
Soria, so're-a. 
Sor-ren'to. 

Soudan. See Soodan. 
Soueyra or Suira. See Mogadore, 
Sourabaya. See Soorabaya. 
Sourmoul. See Soormool. 
Sousam or Soosam. See Samos. 
Southampton, sufh-hamp'tun. 
Soutcheou. See Sootcheoo. 
Southwark (London), sufh'erk. 
Southwark (Philadelphia), sbuth'wurk. 
Spa, spaw (Fr. and Flem. pron. spa). 
Spain (Sp. Espana, es-pan'ya). 
Spalatro, spa-la'tro. 
Spandau, span'dow. 
Spar'ten-burg. 
Specia. See Spezia. 
Spey, spa. 
Speyer, pronounced, and often written, 

Spire. 
Spezia, sped'ze-3. ; sometimes written 

Specia. 
Spire. -See Speyer. 
Spitz-berg'en. 
Spoleto, spo-la'to. 
Spor'a-des. 
Spring'field. 
St. See Saint. 

Stabroek, sta'brook. syn. Georgetown. 
Stam'ford. 
Stargard, stan'gart. 
Staubach, stou'baK. 
Staunton (Va.), sdtn'tun. 
Staunton (England), stan'tun or stan'tun. 
Stavanger, stav-ang'gher. 
Stein, stine. 
Steinach, sti'naK. 



TAB 

Steinau, sti'now. 

Steinbach, stine'baK 

Steinfurt, stine'fodRt. 

Steinheim, stine'hime. 

Stellenbosch, stellen-bosh . 

Stettin, stet-teen'. 

Stettiner Hatf, stet-teen'er haff. 

Steuben, stu'ben or stu-ben'. [Thia 
name appears now to be universally 
accented on the last syllable in West- 
ern New York, and is often thus pro- 
nounced in other parts of the United 
States ; but the original German name, 
Baron Steuben, should undoubtedly 
have the accent on the penultimate ) 

Steubenville, stu'ben-vil 

Stew'art. 

Steyer, stire. 

Steyning, sta'ning. 

Stigliano, steel-ya'no 

Stock'holm. 

Stock'port. 

Stod'dard. 

Stone-ha'ven. 

Sto'ning-ton. 

Stourbridge, stur^brij 

Strabane, stra-ban'. 

Stralsund, stral'soond 

Stranraer, stran-rawr'. 

Strasbourg, strasTaurg (Fr. pron. etr&ss- 
booR' ; Ger. Strassburg, striss'booRO), 

Strath-ha'ven. 

Straubing, strou'bing. 

Strel'itz. 

StromboU, strom'bo-le. 

Stulhweissenburg, stool-wi'c en-bd oao 
or -burg. 

Stur'min-ster. 

Stutt'gart or Stutgard (Ger. pron. stdot'- 
gart). 

Suabia or Swabia, swaTje-a. 

Suakem, soo-a'kem. 

Sudan. See Soodan. 

Su'der-ma'ni-a or su-der-ma'ne-a ; called 
also, Su'der-mann-land\ 

Suez, soo'ez (Arab. pron. soo-ez' or soo- 
aiz') ; written, also, Souez and Soueya. 

Suffolk, suf'fok. 

Suir, shure. 

Suira, swee'ra, syn. Mogadora 

Suli, soole. 

Sulli-van. 

Sulmona, sool-mo'na. 

Sumatra, soo-ma'tra. 

Sum-baw'wa. 

Sunbury, sunTjer-e. 

Sun'da. 

Sun'der-land. 

Surat, soo-raf . 

Surinam, soo-rin-am'. 

Surmul. See Soonnool. 

Surrey, sur're. 

Susam, soo'sam', syn. Samos. 

Sus-que-han'na. 

Sufh'er-land. 

Sutledge,' sut'lej ; written, also, Setledga 
and Sutlej. 

Su-wd'nee. 

Swa'bi-a, syn. Suabia. 

Swansea, swon'se. 

Swartwout, swart'wowt. 

Swe'den (Sw. Swerige, sw2r'e-gSh) 

Swee'ra or Suira. See Mogadore 

Swine, swee'neh. 

Swinemiinde, swee'neh-miin'deh. 

Switz'er-land (Ger. Schweitz, shwtts' 
Fr. La Suisse, la swiss or sweece) 

Sydney, sid'ne. 

Syr'a-cuse (It. Siricasa, se-re-ka'sa> 

Syrl-a. 

Szarvas, soR'v6sh\ 

Szegedin, seg'ed'een' or eegodHn' 



T. 

Tabareeyeh or Tabaria, tab'a-ree'a 
Tabasco, ta-bas'ko. 

Tabreez or Tabriz, tab-reez' ; sometiine* 
called Tau'ris. 



Fate, far, fill, fat ; me, met ; n6, not ; a, e, j. o. obscure; a, e, I, 6, u, long; a, e, i, 6, u, short; oo as in moon ; 66 as in good 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



Ill 



TER 

Tacazze, ta-kat'sa; sometimes written 
Takatze and Takatz. 

Tad'cas-ter. 

Taf-Het' or Taf-Melf . 

Tag x an-rog' or Tag-an-rok'. 

Tagliamento, tal-ya-men'to. 

Taglio Novissimo, tal'yo no-vis'se-mo. 

Ta'gus (Sp. Tajo, ta'HO ; Port. Tejo, ta'- 
zho). 

Tahiti, ta-hee'te ; formerly written Ota- 
heite. 

Taiwan, ti-wdn', syn. Formosa. 

Ta-Kiang, syn. Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Talavera de la Reyna, ta-ll-va/rfl, da la 
ra'e-n&. 

Talbot, tauFbut. 

Talcahuana, tal-ka-wa'na. 

Taliaferro, tol'e-ver. 

Taria-de'ga. 

Talla-has'see. 

Taria-hatch'ie. 

TaHa-poo'sa. 

Tamaulipas, tam-ow-lee'pas. 

Tambof, Tambov, or Tambow, tam-bof . 

Tamise, ta"meez'. 

Tam'a-ny, St. 

Tampico, tam-pee'ko ; called, also, Pueb- 
lo Nuevo, pweblo nwa'vo. 

Tanaro, ta-na'ro. 

Tanasserim. See Tenasserim. 

Taney, tau'ne. 

Tangier, tan-jeer'. 

Tan-jore'. 

Taormina, ta-OR-mee'na. 

Tapajos. See Topayos. 

Tappa-han'nock. 

TapW. 

Tarakai, tar-a-ki', or Sag-hall-en. 

Taranto, tar'an-to. 

Tarascon. taYas'kON'. 

Tarazona, ta-ra-tho'na. 

Tarbes, tasb. 

Tarn, tann. 

Tarragona, tar-ra-go'na. 

Tar'soos' ; written, also, Tarsous and Tar- 
sus. 

Tar'ta-ry. 

Tat'nall. 

Taunton, tan'tun. 

Tau'ri-da, syn. Krim. 

Tauris. See Tabreez. 

Tau'rus. 

Tay, ta. 

Tazewell, taz'weL 

Tchad, chad. 

Tchany, Tchani, cha'ne. 

Tchernigof or Czernigow, ch6R-ne-gof . 

Tchernowitz, cheVno-vits, syn. Czerno- 
wice. 

Tching-Kiang, ching'-ke-ang'. 

Tching-tcheoo (or -tcheou), ching' 
cheoo'. 

Tchingtoo (or -tou), chingtoo'. 

Tchoodskoe, Tchoudskoe, or Tschud- 
skoe, chood'sko-e, syn. Peipus. 

Teche, tesh. 

Te-cum'seh. 

Teem'boo'. 

Teflis. See Tiflis. 

Tehran or Teheran, teh-hran' ; written 
also, Tehraun. 

Tehuacan, ta-wakan'. 

Tehuantepec, ta-wan-ta-pek'. 

Teignmouth, tin'muth. 

Tejuco, ta-zhoo'ko. 

Tel'Iair. 

Temes, tem'esh' ; written, also, Temesch. 

Temesvar, tem-esh-vaaa' ; written, also 
Temeschwar. 

Ten-as'ser-im. 

Ten'e-dos. 

Tenerifte, ten'er-ifP (Sp. Tenerife, ta-na- 
ree'fa). 

Ten"nes-see'. 

Ten'ter-den. 

Tepic', tep-ik' or ta-peek'. 

Tepozcolula, ta-pos-ko-loola. 

Teramo, ter'a-mo. 

Terceira, tSit-sa'e-ra. 

Termini, teVme-ne. 

Terni, teVne. 



TOK 

Ter'ra del Fu-e'go or Tierra del Fuego, 
te-er'ra d&l fwa'go. 

Terra di Lavoro, ter'ra de la-vo'ro. 

Terra di Otranto, ter'ra de o-tran'to. 

Terracina, ter-ra-chee'na. 

Terre-Bonne terr -bonn' ; usually pro- 
nounced tar bone. 

Terre-Haute (Fr. pron. t£rr-hote' or 
terr'ote'). [See Pronouncing Gazet- 
teer, p. v. and vi., of the 3d and sub- 
sequent editions.] 

Teschen, tesh'en. 

Tessel. See Texel. 

Tessin, teVsaN'. 

Tetuan or Tetouan, tStWln'. 

Tevere ta'va-ri. syn. Tiber. 

Teveroue, ta-va-ro'na. 

Teviot, tiv'e-ot. 

Tewksbury, tukesTjer-e. 

Tex'as. 

Tex'el or Tes'sel. 

Tezcuco, te's-koo'ko. 

Thames, temz. 

Than'et. 

Theaki or Thiaki, the-aTce, syn. Ithaca. 

Thebes, theebz ; called Thebai, the'va, by 
the modern Greeks. 

Theiss, tice (Hun. Tisza, tee-soh). 

Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca. See Salonica. 

Thes'sa-ly or Thes-sali-a. 

Thibadeauville, tib-a-do'vill. 

Thibet or Tibet, tib'et or tib-et' ; written, 
also, Tibbet. 

Thielt, teelt. 

Thiers, te-aia'. 

Thionville, te'oNVill' or -reel' 

Tholen or Tolen, tolen. 

Thomar, to-maR'. 

Thomaston, tom'us-tun. 

Thorn (Prussia), toRn. 

Thoulouse. See Toulouse. 

Three Rivers or Trois Rivieres, trwa re'- 
ve-aiR'. 

Thun, toon. 

Thuner-See, toon'er-sa'. 

Thur, tooR. 

Thurgau, tooR'gow (Fr. Thurgovie, tiiR'- 
goVeO. 

Thuringia, thu-rin'je-a (Ger. Thiiringen, 
tii'ring-en). 

Thurles, thurlz. 

TTber (It. Tevere, ta'va-ra). 

Tibet or Tibbet. See Thibet. 

Ticino, te-chee'no (Fr. Tessin, teVsaN')- 

TigrS, tee'gra' 

Ti'gris. 

Til'burg. 

Til'sit. 

Tim-buc'too or Tom-booc'to ; written, 
also, Tombuktu and Ten Boctoo. 

Ti'mor. 

Ti-mor-lauf. 

Tinian, tee-ne-an'. 

Tin-ne-veFly. 

Tirnpanogos, tim-pa-no'goce (Lake) ; 
called now the Great Salt Lake. 

Ti-o'ga. 

Tip'er-a or Tip'ra. 

Tip'pah. 

Tippecanoe, tip'e-ka-noo' 

Tiperary, tip-er-a're. 

Tir-ee', also written Three, Tiry, and Ty- 
ree. 

Tirhala. See Tricala. 

Tirlemont, teeRl v m6N' (Flem. Thienen 
or Tienen, tee'nen). 

Tishamingo, tish'a-ming'go, 

Titery. See Titterie. 

Titicaca, tit-e-ka'ka. 

Titterie, tit'ter-ee\ 

TivoU, tiv'o-le or tee'vo-le. 

Tlalpan, tlal-pan'. 

Tlamet or Tlamath, tlam'et ; called, also 
Klam'et. 

Tlascala, tlas-kala. 

Tlemsan, tlem'san'. 

Tobago, to-ba'go. 

To-bol'. 

To-bolsk'. 

To-bo'so. 

Tokantins, to-kan-teens'. 



TRO 

Toeat, to-kaf. 

Tocaya, to-ki'a. 

Tocayma or Tocaima, to-ki'mi. 

Toenningen. See Tonningen. 

Toeplitz. Sec Toplitz. 

To-kay' (Hun. pron. to-koF). 

Tolen. See Tholen. 

To-le'do (Sp. pron. to-la'DO> 

Tolentino, to-lSn-tee'no 

Tol'land. 

To-lo'sa. 

Toluca, to-loo'ka. 

Tom-big'bee or Tom-beck'bo. 

Tombuctoo. See Timbuctoo. 

Tom'kins. 

Tonbridge. See Tunbridge. 

Ton-e-wan'da or Tonewanta. 

Tong'a (Islands). 

Tongataboo or Tongatabu, tong v a-ta'boa 

Tonkin or Tonquin, ton-keen'. 

Tonnerre, ton'naiR'. 

Ton'ning-en. 

Tonquin. See Tonkin. 

Too'la ; written, also, Toula and Tuia. 

Toorkistan or Turkistan, tooR N kis-tan'. 

Toorkomans or Turkomans, toorTio- 

manz\ 
Topayos, to-pi'yoce ; written, also, Tapa- 

* as, ta-pa'zhoce or ta-pa'hoce. 
Toplitz, Teplitz, or Toeplitz, teplita 
Tor-bay'. 
Torgau, tOR'gow. 
Tornea ; pronounced, and sometimes 

written, Tor'ne-6. 
To'ro. 
To-ron'to. 

Tor'shok' or Torjok, tor'zhok'. 
Tor- tola. 
Tortoli, toR'to-le. 
Tor-to'na or toR-to'na 
Tor-to'sa. 

Tortuga, tor-too'ga. 
Toscana. See Tuscany. 
Tot'ness ; written, also, Totnea. 
Toul, tool. 
Toula. See Toola. 
Toulon, tooliN'. 

Toulouse or Thoulouse, toolooz'. 
Touraine, tooYane'. 
Tournay, tooR'na' (Flem. Doornik, dor- 

nik). 
Tours, tooR. 
Towcester, tous'ter. 
Traf-al-gar 7 . 
Tral-ee'. 
Trani, tra'ne. 
Tran-que-bar'. 
Transtevere, trans-ta'va-ra. 
Tran-syl-va'nl-a (Hun. Erd61y Orszfig, 

^R-daiL OR-saag). 
Trapani, tr&'pa-ne. 
Tras os Montes, tras 6s mon't^3. 
Trav\in-core'. 
Treb'i-zond 1 ; called Ta-ra'be-soon' by tlie 

Turks. 
Tremiti, trem'e-te. 
Trent (Ger. Trient, tre-enf). 
Trent'on. 
Treves, treevz (Fr. Treves, trave, Ger. 

Trier, treer). 
Treviglio, tra-veel'yo or trev-eel'yo. 
Treviso, trSv-ee'so. 
Triaditza, tre-a-dit'sa. 
Tiicala, tree'ka-la ; written, also, Tirhala. 
Trichinopoli or Trichinopoly, tritch-in- 

op'o-le. 
Trieste, tre-est' or tre-es'ta. 
Trincomalee, tring , ko-ma-lee / . 
Trin-i-dad'. 
Tripoli, trip'o-le ; called by the natives 

Ta-raTjloos. 
Tripolitza or Tripolizza, tre-po-lit'sa. 
Trois Rivieres, trwa re Ve-aiR', syn. Three 

Rivers. 
Trond or Tron, Saint, sax troN. 
Tropea, tro-pa'a. 
Trosachs, tro'saks. 
Trondjem. See Drontheim 
Troppau, trop'pow. 
Troup, troop. 
Trow 'bridge. 



ou as in our (or ow as in now) ; n similar to ng ; s like i ; gh like g hard ; fh as in this. (See Explanations, p. 92.> 



■MM^^^^HHI 



112 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



VAL 

Troyes, trwa. 

Trum'bull. 

Trujillo. See Truxillo. 

Tru'ro. 

Truxillo or Trujillo, troo-Heel'yo. 

Tu'am. 

Tii'bing-en. 

Tuck'er-ton. 

Tucuman, too-koo-man'. 

Tudela, too-Dala. 

Tula, too'la, syn. Toola. 

Tule, too'le, or too'la. 

TuPla-more'. 

Tun'bridge ; written, also, Tonbridge. 

Tunguragua, toong-goo-ra'gwa. 

Tu'ni-ca. 

Tu'nis ; called by the natives Too'nis. 

Turcoing, tiiR'kwaN'. 

Tur-co-ma'ni'a. 

Turcomans. 'See Toorkomans. 

Tu'rin (Fr. pron. tuVaa 7 , It. Torino, to- 

ree'no). 
Turkey, tur'ke, or Ot'to-man Empire. 
Turkistan. See Toorkistan. 
Turnhout, turnliowt. 
Tus-ca-loo'sa. 

Tus'ca-ny (It. Toscana, tos-ka'na). 
Tuscarawas, tus-ka-raw'wess. 
Tuxtla, tooxt'la. 
Tuy, twee. 

Tver or Twer, tv§R or tvaiR. 
Tynemouth, tine'muth. 
Tyre, tire ; called by the Jews Tsoor,and 

by the Arabs Soor. 
Tyree or Tyry. See Tiree. 
Tyrnau, teeR'now (Hun. Nagy Szom- 

bath, nody or nodge som-bot). 
Tyr'ol (Ger. pron. te-role'). 
Tyr-one'. 
Tyr'rel. 



U. 

Ubes, Saint. See Setubal. 

Ucayale, oo-ki-ala, or Ucayali, oo-kl-ale. 

Udine, oo'de-na. 

Udvarhely, oodVaaR'hei/. 

Uist, wist. 

Ukraine, u'krane or oo-krane' (Polish 
Ukraina, oo-kra-ee'na). 

Uleaborg, oole-o-borg*. 

Ulm (Ger. pron. 661m). 

Ul'ster. 

Uls'wa-ter. 

Umea, oo'me-6. 

Um'mer-a-poo'ra ; written, also, Amara- 
poura. 

Unalaschka. See Oonalaska. 

Underwalden. See Unterwalden. 

Un'strut or oon'stroot. 

Unterwalden, oonter-wal'den. 

Up'sal or Upsala, up-sala. 

U'ral or Oural, oo-ral'. 

Uralsk, oo-ralsk f . 

Urbino, oor-bee'no. 

Urfa. See Oorfa. 

Uri, u're (Ger. pron. oo're). 

Urmiah. See Ooroomeea. 

Uruguay, u'roo-gwa v or oo-roo-gwP. 

Urumiya. See Ooroomea. 

Usbekistan or Oozbekistan. See Bokha- 
ra. 

Ustiug. See Oostioog. 

U'tarwas, syn. Ottawa. 

U'ti'-ca. 

Utah or Youta, u'ta or u'taw ; often writ- 
ten Eutaw. 

Utrecht, u'trekt (Dutch pron. u'treKt) 

Utrera, oo-tra'ra. 

Uttoxeter, ux'e-ter. 

UxTjridge. 

Uzbeck. See Oozbek. 

Uzbeckistan. See Bokhara. 

Uz6s, iTzace'. 



Vaigatz, vf-gats' 

Valais, vala' (Ger. Wallis, wallis) 



VIS 

Val-de-Pefias, val-da-pane'yas. 
Valdivia, val-dee've-l. 
"Valence, valaNce'. 
Valencia, va-len'she-a (Span. pron. va- 

len'the-a). 
Valenciennes, valaN v se-enn'. 
Valentia, va-len'she-a. 
Valla-do-lid' (Sp. pron. val-yl-DO-leeD'). 
Valombrosa, val-om-bro'sa. 
Valona, va-lo'na, syn. Avlona. 
Valparaiso, val-pa-ri'so. 
Valtellina, val-tel-lee'nl, or Valtelline, 

val-te'l-leen'. 
Van, van. 
Van Bu'ren. 

Vancouver, van-koo'ver. 
Van-dali-a. 
Van'der-burg. 

Van Diemen's, van dee'menz. 
Vannes, Y&nn. 
Varinas, va-ree'nas, or Barinas, ba-ree'- 

nas. 
Varna or Warna, vaR'na. 
Vasarhely, vaa'shaaRliei/. 
Vaucluse, vo'kliize'. 
Vaud, vo, or Pays-de-Vaud, pa'e-deh- 

vo' (Ger. Waadt, waatt). 
Veglia, vel'ya or vale'ya. 
Velez-Malaga, valeth-mala-gl 
Velino, va-lee'no. 
Velletri, vgl-la'tre. 
Venaissin, veh-nais v saN\ 
Venango, ve-nang'go. 
Vendee, La, la vaVda'. 
Vend6me, vaN'dome'. 
Venezuela, ven-ez-weela (Sp. pron. ven- 

eth-wala). 
Venice, ven'iss (It. Venezia, ven-ed'- 

*>■ , 
Venloo, ven-16'. 

Ventimiglia, ven-te-meel'ya (Fr. Venti- 

mille, vaN v te v meei/). 
Vera Cruz, va'ra krooce. 
Vercelli, v§R-chelle. 
Verde, verd. 
Verdun, vIVduN'. 
Vermelho, v&R-mel'yo. 
Vermejo, vSR-m&'Ho. 
Vermilion, ver-mil'yun. 
Ver-mont'. 
Verona, va-ro'na. 
Versailles, ver-sailz' (Fr. pron.veVsai/or 

veR-st'ye). 
Venders, veRVe-a' 
Vesoul, veh-zool'. 

Ve-su'vi-us (It. Vesuvio, va-soo've-o). 
Ve-vay'. 
Viana, ve-a'na. 
Viatka, ve-at'ka. 

Viborg, vee'borg ; also written Wiborg. 
Vicenza, ve-sen'za or ve-chen'za. 
Vich, vik or veek. 
Vicks'burg. 
Vidin. See Widin. 
Vienna, ve-en'na (Ger. Wien, ween, al 

most veen). 
Vienna (in the U. S.), vl-en'na. 
Vienne, ve-enn'. 
Vierwaldstadter See. See Lucerne, Lake 

of. 
Vigevano, ve-jev'a-no 
Wgo. 
Villa (in Sp., veel'ya, or in Port, villa or 

veella). 
Villa Bo'a. 
Villa'ch, vxl1aK\ 

Villa del Fuerte, veel'ya del fweVta. 
Villafranca. See Villefranche. 
Villa Real, veel'ya ra-aF. 
Villa Rica (Sp. America), veel'ya reeTsa. 
Villa Rica (Brazil), villa or veeFla reeTia. 
Villefranche, veePfraNsh' (It. Villafranca, 

vil-la-frank'a). 
Vincennea, vin-senz' (Fr. pron. v&n 

senn'). 
Vin'cent, St. 
Vique. See Vich. 
Vire, veeR. 
Virginia, ver'jin'e-a. 
Visiapour. ' See Bejapoor. 
Vis'tu-la (Ger. Weichsel, wike'sel), 



WEX 

Vitebsk or Vitepsk, syn. Witebsk. 
Viterbo, ve-teVbo. 
Vitoria or Vittoria, ve-to're-a. 
Viviers, veVe-a'. 
Vitr6, ve'tra'. 

Vizagapatam, ve-za"ga-pa-tam'. 
Vlad-i-meer' ; written, also, Vladimir o* 

Wladimir. 
Voghera, vo-gi'rl. 
Vol'ga or Wolga. 

Vol-hyn'i-a (Polish Wolynsk, vo-leensk r » 
Vo-log'da. 

Vorarlbe'rg, fore-aRlTj^RG. 
Vo-ro-nezh' ; written, also, Voroneje, Vir 

ronetz, Woronetz, and Woronesch. 
Vosges, vozh. 

Vostani, vos-ta'ne, or Wustanee. 
Vostochnoi (Cape), vos-totch'noy. 



W. 



Waadt, waatt. See Vaud. 
Waal or Wahal, waal. 
Wabash, wau^ash. 
Wake'field. 

Walahmutte, wa-lah'mut, syn. Willa- 
mette. 
Walcheren, wal'Ker-en. 
Waldeck, wol'dek or wal'dek. 
Wal-den'ses. 
Wal'do. 

Waldoborough, wol'do-bur-riih. 
Waldstadter See, walt'stfit-ter zi'. See 

Lucerne, Lake of. 
Wales, wailz. 
Walker, wau'ker. 

Wallachia, wol-laTie-a (Turk. If-l&k^ 
Wallis. See Valais. 
Walsall, wol'zel. 
Waltham (England), wol'tum. 
Waltham (Mass.), wol'thum. 
Walton, wol'tun. 
Wal'worth. 

Wandsworth, wonz'wurth. 
Wardein, w§.R'dine\ or Waradein, wa- 

ra-dine\ 
Warasdin, wa'ras-deen\ 
Warna. See Varna. 
War'saw (Polish Warszawa, vaR-shd'vfi 

or waR-sha'va). 
Warwick (England), wor'rik. 
Warwick (U. S.), wor'wik or wor'rik. 
Warwickshire, wor'rik-shir. 
Washington, wosh'ing-tun. 
Washita or Ouachita, wosh'e-tau\ 
Washtenaw, wosh'te-nau\ 
W^'ter-fprd. 
Wa^ter-ee'. 

Wa-ter-loo' (Dutch pron. wa'ter-16') 
Watervliet, wau v ter-vleet'. 
Wayne, wane. 
Wearmouth, weer'muth. 
Wednesbury, wenz'ber-e. 
Weichsel. See Vistula. 
Weichselburg, wike'sel-booRG v or -burg 
Weilbach, wile'baK. 
Weimar, wi'mar. 
Weinheim, wineTiime. 
Weissenburg, wi'sen-booRG" or -burg. 
Weistritz, wice'trits. 
Welland. 
Weobly, woo'ble. 
Wen'er or Wenner. 
Wernigerode, weR'ne-ga-ro'deh. 
Wertheim, w^Rt'hime. 
Wesel, wa'zel. 
We'ser (Ger. pron. wa'zer). 
West Bromwich, -brum'ich or Vum' 

idge. 
West-Chester, west'-ches-ter. 
West Indies, -in'deez. 
Westmeath, wesfmeefh'. 
West'min-ster. 
West'more-land (Westmoreland, in Pa^ 

usually has the accent on the penult). 
West-phali-a (Ger. Westphalen, we^ 

falen). 
Wet'ter. 
Wex'fgrd. 



F&te, far, fall, fat ; m&, mit ; n6, n6t ; a, e, i, o, obscure ; a, e, T 6, u, long , a, e. T, 5, u, short oo as in moon ; 66 as in good 



A GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY. 



113 



WYO 

Wexio, wek'6he-o. 

Weymouth, wa'muth. 

Wheel'ing. 

Whifby. 

White-ha'ven. 

Whitley, whifle. 

Wiborg. See Viborg. 

Wick'low. 

Wid'in or Vidin. 

Wied or Wied-New-Wied. See New- 
Wied. 

Wieliczka, we-litch'ka or vyel-itch'ka. 

Wien, ween, syn. Vienna. 

Wiesbaden, wees-ba'den, syn. Wisbaden. 

Wight, wite. 

Wil'cox. 

Wildenstein, wil'den-stine. 

Wil'kin-son. 

Wilkesbarre, wuks'bar-re. 

Willamette, wil-lah'met; written, also, 
Walahmutte. 

Wil'ming-ton. 

Wil'na or Vilna. 

Wilt'shire. 

Win'ches-ter. 

Windau, win'dou. 

Win'der-mere ; written, also, Winander- 
mere. 

Windham, wind'um. 

Windsor, win'zer. 

Win-ne-ba'go. 

Win'ni-peg. 

WhYm-pis'e-o'gee (-je) ; commonly pro- 
nounced win'ne-pis-sok'ke. 

Wirtemberg. See Wurtemberg. 

Wisbaden, wis-ba'den, or Wiesbaden, 
wees-ba'den. 

Wis'by. 

Wis-cas'set. 

Wis-con'sin or Wiskonsin ; formerly 
written Ouisconsin. 

Wismar, wis'mar. 

Wissembourg, vis v saM v booa'. • 

Wit-epsk' or Vit-ebsk'. 

Witgen stein, wit/ghen-stlne". 

Wit ; ten-berg (Ger. pron. wif ten-b&RG"). 

Wiveliscombe, wils'kum. 

Woburn, woo burn. 

Wolfenbiittel, wol'fen-biit'tel, almost 
wol'fen-bit'tel. 

Wolga. See Volga. 

Wolverhampton, wool-ver-hamp tun. 

Woolwich, wSol'itch or wool'idge. 

Worcester, woos'ter. 

Wotten-un de r-E dge, woo'ten -und'ridge. 

Worms, wurmz (Ger. pron. wSams). 

Wrexham, rex'um. 

Wurtemberg, wiritem-berg (Ger. pron. 
wiiR'tem-beEG") ; written, also, Wir- 
temberg. 

Wiirtzburg, wjrts'burg (Ger. pron. 
wiiRts'booRG'). 

Wustanee. See VostanL 

Wycomb, wik'um. 

Wye (Wales), wi. 

Wye (Netherlands). See Y. 
Vy-o'ming. [The correctness of our 



pronunciation of this name is often 
called in question, because the poet 
Campbell pronounces it Wy'o-ming. 
We would beg leave to remind such 
critics that we aim to give the pronun- 
ciation of names, not as foreigners call 
them, but as ihey are called by the in- 
habitants of the respective countries 
to which they belong. Se-e Universal 
Pronouncing Gazetteer, section ii., p. 
22.1 
Wythe, with (th as in thin). 



X. 

Xagua, Ha'gwi. 

Xalapa or Jalapa, Ha-la'pa, 

Xalisco or Jalisco, Ha-lees'ko or Ha-lis'- 

ko. 
Xauxa or Jauja, How'na. 
Xenia, zee'ne-a. 
Xenil, Ha-neel', syn. Genii. 
Xeres (Sp. pron. Ha'res ; Port. pron. 

sha'res or sher'es). 
Xeres or Jeres de la Frontera, Ha'res da 

la fron-ta'ra. 
Xicoco, ze-ko'ko, syn. Sikokf. 
Ximo, zee'mo. 
Xingu or Chingu, shin-goo'. 
Xixon, He-Hone', syn. Gijon. 
Xixona, Gijona, or Jijona, He-Ho'nl. 
Xoa, sho'a, syn. Shoa. 
Xochimilco or Jochimilco, Ho-che-meel'- 

ko. 
Xorullo, Ho-rool'yo, syn. Jorullo. 
Xuxuy, Hoo-hwee', syn. Jujuy. 



Y. 



Y, i, sometimes improperly pronounced 
and written, in English, Wye. 

Yad'kin. 

Yaik or Jaik. ya'ik. 

Yak-ootsk'; written, also, Yakoutsk, Yak- 
utsk, and Jakutsk. 

Yal-a-bu'sha. 

Yan'cy. 

Yang-tcheoo or -tcheou, yang'-che-oo'. 

Yang-tse-kiang (-ke-ang') ; called, also, 
Ta-Kiang, ta-ke-ang 7 , and Kiang-Ku, 
ke-ang'-kew . 

Yanina or Janina, ya'ne-nL 

Yar'kund' ; also written Yarkand. 

Yarmouth, yar'muth. 

Yaroslaf or Jaroslaw, yar-o-slaf ' ; writ- 
ten, also, Jaroslavl. 

Ya-zoo'. 

Yecatarinoslaf. See Ekatarinoslaf. 

Yeddo or Jeddo, yed'do. 

Yelatma. See Elatma. 

Yelizavetgrad. See Elizabetgrad. 

Yem'en. 



ZYT 

Yeuikale or Jenicale, yen e-ka'la. 
Yenisei, yen-e-si'e or yen e-say', or Eul- 

sei, en-e-sa'e. 
Yeovil, yo'vil. 

Yerba Buena, yei'ba bwa'na. 
Yesso or Jesso, yes'so ; aluo written leso. 
Yezd, yezd 
Yonne, yonn. 
York'shire. 
Youghal, yawl. 
Youghiogheny, yoifho-ga'ne. 
Youta, u'ta, sijn. Utah. 
Ypres, ee'pr (Flem. Ypern, i'pern). 
Yssel, i'sel. 

Yu-ca-tan' or yooxa-t&n'. 
Yupura, yoo-noo'ra, syn. Japurn. 
Yverdun, e'veVduN'. 
Yvetot, eevto'. 



z. 



Zaandam, zan'dam' ; written, also, Saar- 

dam. 
Zacatecas, zak-a-taTvas or ta-ka-ta'kas. 
Zacynthus, zas-syn'thus, syn. Zante. 
Zahara. See Sahara. 
Zaire or Zaliir, za-eer', syn. Congo. 
Zam-o'ra or tha-mo'ra. 
Zanesville, zainz'vil. 
Zanguibar, zangVhe-bar'. 
Zan'te or Zacynthus. 
Zan v zi-bar'. 
Zara, za'ra. 

Zaragoza. See Saragos>a. 
Zealand, zee'land (Dan. Sj.uland, fcel' 

land). 
Zealand (Dutch Zeeland, zaland). 
Zebu or Cebu, se-boo' (Sp pron. tb;V- 

boo'). 
Zegedin. See Szegedin. 
Zeila, zala. 
Zeitoun, za'toon'. 
Zeitz, tsites. 
Zem'plin. 

Zelle, tselleh, syn. Celle. 
Zerbst, tseRpst. 
Zhit-o-meer 7 •. written, also, Jitumir and 

Schitomir. 
Zirknitz, tseeRk'nits, syn. Czirknicz 
Zittau, tsit'tou. 
Zoll-Verein, tsoir-fer-ine'. 
Zom'bor. 

Zue, zoog or tsooc 
Ziillichau, tsulle-ltow. 
Zulpich, tsool'piK. 
Zurich, zu'rik (Ger. pron. tsii'rik). 
Zut'phen. 
Zuyder or Zuider Zee, zi'der zee (Dutch 

pron. zoi'der za). 
Zvor'nik (Turk. IzVor'neek'). 
Zweibrucken or Zweybriicken, tewv 

briik'ken, syn. Deux-Ponts. 
Zwickau, tswikTtow. 
Zwoll. 
Zytomir. See Zhitomeer. 



in our (or ow as in now) ■ n similar to ng ; a like z ; gh like g hard ; fh as in this. (See Explanations. 3. 92 > 



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J^p^The Trigonometry and Tables, bound together, may be obtained 
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Buttmann's Greek Grammar. Translated from the 

18th German Edition, by Edward Robinson, D.D., LL.D. 8vo, 
Sheep, $2 00. 

Elements of Natural Philosophy. By Alonzo Gray, 

A.M. 360 Illustrations. 12mo, Muslin, 70 cents; Sheep, 75 cents. 

Morse's new System of Geography. Illustrated by 

150 Engravings, and 50 Maps in Colors. A new Edition, contain- 
ing the Census of 1850. 4to. 50 cents. 

Aids to English Composition. By Richard Green 

Parker, M.A. 12mo, Muslin, 80 cents; Sheep, 90 cents. 

A Treatise on Algebra, containing the latest Im- 
provements. By C. W. Hackley, S.T.D. 8vo, Sheep, $1 50. — - 
School aad College Edition. 12mo, Muslin, $1 00. 

An Elementary Course of Geometry 

Hackley, S.T.D. 12mo, Sheep, 75 cents. 



By C. W. 

Colleges, Schools, fyc, see Harper's Catalogue. 



Hildretlis 
History of the United States of Jlmerica. 



r**-*s*> ■&■*?■+*■* 



First Series. — From the First Settlement of the Country to the Adoption of the Federal Con- 
stitution. 3 vols. 8vo, Muslin, $6 00; Sheep, $6 75; half Calf, $7 50. 

Second Series. — From the Adoption of the Federal Constitution to the End of the Sixteenth 

Congress. 3 vols. 8vo, Muslin, $6 00 ; Sheep, $6 75 ; half Calf, $7 50. 

Volume II. now ready. 

This is, we believe, the first attempt at a complete History of the United States. 
The reader who desires to inform himself in all the particulars, military or political, 
of the American Revolution, will find that they have been scrupulously collected for 
him by Mr. Hildreth. — London Athenceum 

It has condensed into consecutive narrative the substance of hundreds of volumes. 
— London Literary Gazette. 

If there be one nation under Heaven every feature of whose history should be close- 
ly scanned by the Christian patriot, that nation is our own. For this we believe the 
volumes before us will be regarded as indispensable : it will take its place as a stand- 
ard work. We have previously expressed our high appreciation of the author's style, 
which is dignified, perspicuous, and vivacious. — Church Revieiv. 

His work fills a want, and is, therefore, most welcome. Its positive merits, in ad- 
dition to those we have before mentioned, are impartiality, steadiness of view, clear 
appreciation of character, and, in point of style, a terseness and conciseness not unlike 
Tacitus, with not a little, too, of Tacitean vigor of thought, stern sense of justice, 
sharp irony, and profound wisdom. — Methodist Quarterly Review. 

The history of the Revolution is clearly and succinctly told. — N. American Review, 

The first series of Mr. Hildreth's History of the United States we read with high 
satisfaction. His sources of information have evidently been ample and various, and 
intelligently examined, his materials arranged with a just idea of their relative im- 
portance in the story, while his judgments are well considered, unbiassed, and reliable. 
His style is clear, forcible, and sententious. * * * The above remarks are applicable 
also to the second series of the history, so far as published, which is intended to cover 
the period from the formation of the Constitution to the end of Munroe's first term. — 
Christian Register. 

Mr. Hildreth is a bold and copious writer. * * * His work is valuable for the im- 
mense material it embodies. — De Bow's Southern and Western Revieiv. 

We are confident that when the merits of this history come to be known and ap- 
preciated, it will be extensively regarded as decidedly superior to any thing that be- 
fore existed on American history, and a valuable contribution to American author- 
ship. * * * These stately volumes will be an ornament to any library, and no intelli- 
gent American can afford to be without this work. We have nobly patronized the 
great English history of the age, let us not fail to appreciate and patronize an Amer- 
ican history so respectable and valuable as this certainly is. — Biblical Repository. 

The chief merits of Mr. Hildreth's work are fidelity and candor of spirit, and per- 
spicuity and terseness of style. — Southern Literary Gazette. 

Harper & Brothers, Publishers, New York. 



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Turner's Scriptural Prophecy. 

Thoughts on the Origin, Character, and Interpre- 
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Manual of Greek Antiquities. 

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Elements of Algebra. 

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A. Greek- English Lexicon, 

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Natural Philosophy. 

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Foreign Reminiscences, 

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Curran and his Contemporaries. 

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